diff --git a/.azure-pipelines/ci.yml b/.azure-pipelines/ci.yml
index b5b2765e43844f..d3e842d9f31d01 100644
--- a/.azure-pipelines/ci.yml
+++ b/.azure-pipelines/ci.yml
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-trigger: ['main', '3.12', '3.11', '3.10', '3.9', '3.8', '3.7']
+trigger: ['main', '3.13', '3.12', '3.11', '3.10', '3.9', '3.8']
 
 jobs:
 - job: Prebuild
diff --git a/.azure-pipelines/posix-deps-apt.sh b/.azure-pipelines/posix-deps-apt.sh
deleted file mode 100755
index e0f4ca5d8d8e88..00000000000000
--- a/.azure-pipelines/posix-deps-apt.sh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-apt-get update
-
-apt-get -yq install \
-    build-essential \
-    zlib1g-dev \
-    libbz2-dev \
-    liblzma-dev \
-    libncurses5-dev \
-    libreadline6-dev \
-    libsqlite3-dev \
-    libssl-dev \
-    libgdbm-dev \
-    tk-dev \
-    lzma \
-    lzma-dev \
-    liblzma-dev \
-    libffi-dev \
-    uuid-dev \
-    xvfb
-
-if [ ! -z "$1" ]
-then
-  echo ##vso[task.prependpath]$PWD/multissl/openssl/$1
-  echo ##vso[task.setvariable variable=OPENSSL_DIR]$PWD/multissl/openssl/$1
-  python3 Tools/ssl/multissltests.py --steps=library --base-directory $PWD/multissl --openssl $1 --system Linux
-fi
diff --git a/.azure-pipelines/posix-steps.yml b/.azure-pipelines/posix-steps.yml
deleted file mode 100644
index e23c7b1dcb55c1..00000000000000
--- a/.azure-pipelines/posix-steps.yml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-steps:
-- checkout: self
-  clean: true
-  fetchDepth: 5
-
-# Work around a known issue affecting Ubuntu VMs on Pipelines
-- script: sudo setfacl -Rb /home/vsts
-  displayName: 'Workaround ACL issue'
-
-- script: sudo ./.azure-pipelines/posix-deps-apt.sh $(openssl_version)
-  displayName: 'Install dependencies'
-
-- script: ./configure --with-pydebug
-  displayName: 'Configure CPython (debug)'
-
-- script: make -j4
-  displayName: 'Build CPython'
-
-- script: make pythoninfo
-  displayName: 'Display build info'
-
-- script: |
-    git fetch origin
-    ./python Tools/patchcheck/patchcheck.py --ci true
-  displayName: 'Run patchcheck.py'
-  condition: and(succeeded(), eq(variables['Build.Reason'], 'PullRequest'))
diff --git a/.azure-pipelines/pr.yml b/.azure-pipelines/pr.yml
deleted file mode 100644
index 335a4b407cb83c..00000000000000
--- a/.azure-pipelines/pr.yml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-pr: ['main', '3.12', '3.11', '3.10', '3.9', '3.8', '3.7']
-
-jobs:
-- job: Prebuild
-  displayName: Pre-build checks
-
-  pool:
-    vmImage: ubuntu-22.04
-
-  steps:
-  - template: ./prebuild-checks.yml
-
-
-- job: Ubuntu_Patchcheck
-  displayName: Ubuntu patchcheck
-  dependsOn: Prebuild
-  condition: and(succeeded(), eq(dependencies.Prebuild.outputs['tests.run'], 'true'))
-
-  pool:
-    vmImage: ubuntu-22.04
-
-  variables:
-    testRunTitle: '$(system.pullRequest.TargetBranch)-linux'
-    testRunPlatform: linux
-    openssl_version: 1.1.1u
-
-  steps:
-  - template: ./posix-steps.yml
diff --git a/.devcontainer/Dockerfile b/.devcontainer/Dockerfile
deleted file mode 100644
index 6f8fe005621c88..00000000000000
--- a/.devcontainer/Dockerfile
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-FROM docker.io/library/fedora:40
-
-ENV CC=clang
-
-ENV WASI_SDK_VERSION=21
-ENV WASI_SDK_PATH=/opt/wasi-sdk
-
-ENV WASMTIME_HOME=/opt/wasmtime
-ENV WASMTIME_VERSION=18.0.3
-ENV WASMTIME_CPU_ARCH=x86_64
-
-RUN dnf -y --nodocs --setopt=install_weak_deps=False install /usr/bin/{blurb,clang,curl,git,ln,tar,xz} 'dnf-command(builddep)' && \
-    dnf -y --nodocs --setopt=install_weak_deps=False builddep python3 && \
-    dnf -y clean all
-
-RUN mkdir ${WASI_SDK_PATH} && \
-    curl --location https://github.com/WebAssembly/wasi-sdk/releases/download/wasi-sdk-${WASI_SDK_VERSION}/wasi-sdk-${WASI_SDK_VERSION}.0-linux.tar.gz | \
-    tar --strip-components 1 --directory ${WASI_SDK_PATH} --extract --gunzip
-
-RUN mkdir --parents ${WASMTIME_HOME} && \
-    curl --location "https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/releases/download/v${WASMTIME_VERSION}/wasmtime-v${WASMTIME_VERSION}-${WASMTIME_CPU_ARCH}-linux.tar.xz" | \
-    xz --decompress | \
-    tar --strip-components 1 --directory ${WASMTIME_HOME} -x && \
-    ln -s ${WASMTIME_HOME}/wasmtime /usr/local/bin
diff --git a/.devcontainer/devcontainer.json b/.devcontainer/devcontainer.json
index 0dc303015df5c7..64c85c1101e6e6 100644
--- a/.devcontainer/devcontainer.json
+++ b/.devcontainer/devcontainer.json
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 {
-    "build": {
-        "dockerfile": "Dockerfile"
-    },
+    "image": "ghcr.io/python/devcontainer:2024.09.25.11038928730",
     "onCreateCommand": [
         // Install common tooling.
         "dnf",
diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes
index 5b81d2cb3c90e9..2f5a030981fb94 100644
--- a/.gitattributes
+++ b/.gitattributes
@@ -27,8 +27,6 @@ Lib/test/cjkencodings/*                    noeol
 Lib/test/tokenizedata/coding20731.py       noeol
 Lib/test/decimaltestdata/*.decTest         noeol
 Lib/test/test_email/data/*.txt             noeol
-Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/data01/*           noeol
-Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/namespacedata01/*  noeol
 Lib/test/xmltestdata/*                     noeol
 
 # Shell scripts should have LF even on Windows because of Cygwin
diff --git a/.github/CODEOWNERS b/.github/CODEOWNERS
index 811b8cfdab17dc..e929ac8c474b2f 100644
--- a/.github/CODEOWNERS
+++ b/.github/CODEOWNERS
@@ -13,9 +13,11 @@
 
 # Build system
 configure*                    @erlend-aasland @corona10
+Makefile.pre.in               @erlend-aasland
+Modules/Setup*                @erlend-aasland
 
 # asyncio
-**/*asyncio*                  @1st1 @asvetlov @gvanrossum @kumaraditya303 @willingc
+**/*asyncio*                  @1st1 @asvetlov @kumaraditya303 @willingc
 
 # Core
 **/*context*                  @1st1
@@ -31,16 +33,16 @@ Objects/frameobject.c         @markshannon
 Objects/call.c                @markshannon
 Python/ceval*.c               @markshannon
 Python/ceval*.h               @markshannon
+Python/codegen.c              @markshannon @iritkatriel
 Python/compile.c              @markshannon @iritkatriel
 Python/assemble.c             @markshannon @iritkatriel
 Python/flowgraph.c            @markshannon @iritkatriel
 Python/instruction_sequence.c @iritkatriel
-Python/ast_opt.c              @isidentical
 Python/bytecodes.c            @markshannon
 Python/optimizer*.c           @markshannon
 Python/optimizer_analysis.c   @Fidget-Spinner
 Python/optimizer_bytecodes.c  @Fidget-Spinner
-Python/symtable.c             @JelleZijlstra @carljm 
+Python/symtable.c             @JelleZijlstra @carljm
 Lib/_pyrepl/*                 @pablogsal @lysnikolaou @ambv
 Lib/test/test_patma.py        @brandtbucher
 Lib/test/test_type_*.py       @JelleZijlstra
@@ -70,6 +72,7 @@ Include/internal/pycore_freelist.h  @ericsnowcurrently
 Include/internal/pycore_global_objects.h  @ericsnowcurrently
 Include/internal/pycore_obmalloc.h  @ericsnowcurrently
 Include/internal/pycore_pymem.h     @ericsnowcurrently
+Include/internal/pycore_stackref.h  @Fidget-Spinner
 Modules/main.c                @ericsnowcurrently
 Programs/_bootstrap_python.c  @ericsnowcurrently
 Programs/python.c             @ericsnowcurrently
@@ -154,10 +157,12 @@ Include/internal/pycore_time.h  @pganssle @abalkin
 /Tools/cases_generator/        @markshannon
 
 # AST
-Python/ast.c                  @isidentical @JelleZijlstra
-Parser/asdl.py                @isidentical @JelleZijlstra
-Parser/asdl_c.py              @isidentical @JelleZijlstra
-Lib/ast.py                    @isidentical @JelleZijlstra
+Python/ast.c                  @isidentical @JelleZijlstra @eclips4
+Python/ast_opt.c              @isidentical @eclips4
+Parser/asdl.py                @isidentical @JelleZijlstra @eclips4
+Parser/asdl_c.py              @isidentical @JelleZijlstra @eclips4
+Lib/ast.py                    @isidentical @JelleZijlstra @eclips4
+Lib/test/test_ast/            @eclips4
 
 # Mock
 /Lib/unittest/mock.py         @cjw296
@@ -199,18 +204,19 @@ Doc/c-api/stable.rst          @encukou
 **/*itertools*                @rhettinger
 **/*collections*              @rhettinger
 **/*random*                   @rhettinger
-**/*queue*                    @rhettinger
 **/*bisect*                   @rhettinger
 **/*heapq*                    @rhettinger
 **/*functools*                @rhettinger
-**/*decimal*                  @rhettinger
 
 **/*dataclasses*              @ericvsmith
 
 **/*ensurepip*                @pfmoore @pradyunsg
 
+/Doc/library/idle.rst         @terryjreedy
 **/*idlelib*                  @terryjreedy
+**/*turtledemo*               @terryjreedy
 
+**/*annotationlib*            @JelleZijlstra
 **/*typing*                   @JelleZijlstra @AlexWaygood
 
 **/*ftplib                    @giampaolo
@@ -245,7 +251,7 @@ Doc/howto/clinic.rst          @erlend-aasland
 **/*interpreteridobject.*     @ericsnowcurrently
 **/*crossinterp*              @ericsnowcurrently
 Lib/test/support/interpreters/  @ericsnowcurrently
-Modules/_xx*interp*module.c   @ericsnowcurrently
+Modules/_interp*module.c      @ericsnowcurrently
 Lib/test/test_interpreters/   @ericsnowcurrently
 
 # Android
@@ -271,3 +277,8 @@ Lib/test/test_interpreters/   @ericsnowcurrently
 # Config Parser
 Lib/configparser.py           @jaraco
 Lib/test/test_configparser.py @jaraco
+
+# Doc sections
+Doc/reference/                @willingc
+
+**/*weakref*                  @kumaraditya303
diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug.yml b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug.yml
index 395516f29b037c..7b7810cf6965fd 100644
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug.yml
@@ -34,12 +34,12 @@ body:
       label: "CPython versions tested on:"
       multiple: true
       options:
-        - "3.8"
         - "3.9"
         - "3.10"
         - "3.11"
         - "3.12"
         - "3.13"
+        - "3.14"
         - "CPython main branch"
     validations:
       required: true
diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/crash.yml b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/crash.yml
index c14d7cf2599d4c..58da2dfe0c7354 100644
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/crash.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/crash.yml
@@ -27,11 +27,12 @@ body:
       label: "CPython versions tested on:"
       multiple: true
       options:
-        - "3.8"
         - "3.9"
         - "3.10"
         - "3.11"
         - "3.12"
+        - "3.13"
+        - "3.14"
         - "CPython main branch"
     validations:
       required: true
diff --git a/.github/workflows/build.yml b/.github/workflows/build.yml
index eb325ac2f9ee1b..09b8858d09f712 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/build.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build.yml
@@ -1,8 +1,5 @@
 name: Tests
 
-# gh-84728: "paths-ignore" is not used to skip documentation-only PRs, because
-# it prevents to mark a job as mandatory. A PR cannot be merged if a job is
-# mandatory but not scheduled because of "paths-ignore".
 on:
   workflow_dispatch:
   push:
@@ -23,86 +20,19 @@ concurrency:
 
 jobs:
   check_source:
-    name: 'Check for source changes'
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    timeout-minutes: 10
-    outputs:
-      run-docs: ${{ steps.docs-changes.outputs.run-docs || false }}
-      run_tests: ${{ steps.check.outputs.run_tests }}
-      run_hypothesis: ${{ steps.check.outputs.run_hypothesis }}
-      run_cifuzz: ${{ steps.check.outputs.run_cifuzz }}
-      config_hash: ${{ steps.config_hash.outputs.hash }}
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      - name: Check for source changes
-        id: check
-        run: |
-          if [ -z "$GITHUB_BASE_REF" ]; then
-            echo "run_tests=true" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-          else
-            git fetch origin $GITHUB_BASE_REF --depth=1
-            # git diff "origin/$GITHUB_BASE_REF..." (3 dots) may be more
-            # reliable than git diff "origin/$GITHUB_BASE_REF.." (2 dots),
-            # but it requires to download more commits (this job uses
-            # "git fetch --depth=1").
-            #
-            # git diff "origin/$GITHUB_BASE_REF..." (3 dots) works with Git
-            # 2.26, but Git 2.28 is stricter and fails with "no merge base".
-            #
-            # git diff "origin/$GITHUB_BASE_REF.." (2 dots) should be enough on
-            # GitHub, since GitHub starts by merging origin/$GITHUB_BASE_REF
-            # into the PR branch anyway.
-            #
-            # https://github.com/python/core-workflow/issues/373
-            git diff --name-only origin/$GITHUB_BASE_REF.. | grep -qvE '(\.rst$|^Doc|^Misc|^\.pre-commit-config\.yaml$|\.ruff\.toml$)' && echo "run_tests=true" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT || true
-          fi
-
-          # Check if we should run hypothesis tests
-          GIT_BRANCH=${GITHUB_BASE_REF:-${GITHUB_REF#refs/heads/}}
-          echo $GIT_BRANCH
-          if $(echo "$GIT_BRANCH" | grep -q -w '3\.\(8\|9\|10\|11\)'); then
-            echo "Branch too old for hypothesis tests"
-            echo "run_hypothesis=false" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-          else
-            echo "Run hypothesis tests"
-            echo "run_hypothesis=true" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-          fi
-
-          # oss-fuzz maintains a configuration for fuzzing the main branch of
-          # CPython, so CIFuzz should be run only for code that is likely to be
-          # merged into the main branch; compatibility with older branches may
-          # be broken.
-          FUZZ_RELEVANT_FILES='(\.c$|\.h$|\.cpp$|^configure$|^\.github/workflows/build\.yml$|^Modules/_xxtestfuzz)'
-          if [ "$GITHUB_BASE_REF" = "main" ] && [ "$(git diff --name-only origin/$GITHUB_BASE_REF.. | grep -qE $FUZZ_RELEVANT_FILES; echo $?)" -eq 0 ]; then
-            # The tests are pretty slow so they are executed only for PRs
-            # changing relevant files.
-            echo "Run CIFuzz tests"
-            echo "run_cifuzz=true" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-          else
-            echo "Branch too old for CIFuzz tests; or no C files were changed"
-            echo "run_cifuzz=false" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-          fi
-      - name: Compute hash for config cache key
-        id: config_hash
-        run: |
-          echo "hash=${{ hashFiles('configure', 'configure.ac', '.github/workflows/build.yml') }}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-      - name: Get a list of the changed documentation-related files
-        if: github.event_name == 'pull_request'
-        id: changed-docs-files
-        uses: Ana06/get-changed-files@v2.3.0
-        with:
-          filter: |
-            Doc/**
-            Misc/**
-            .github/workflows/reusable-docs.yml
-          format: csv  # works for paths with spaces
-      - name: Check for docs changes
-        if: >-
-          github.event_name == 'pull_request'
-          && steps.changed-docs-files.outputs.added_modified_renamed != ''
-        id: docs-changes
-        run: |
-          echo "run-docs=true" >> "${GITHUB_OUTPUT}"
+    name: Change detection
+    # To use boolean outputs from this job, parse them as JSON.
+    # Here's some examples:
+    #
+    #   if: fromJSON(needs.check_source.outputs.run-docs)
+    #
+    #   ${{
+    #        fromJSON(needs.check_source.outputs.run_tests)
+    #        && 'truthy-branch'
+    #        || 'falsy-branch'
+    #   }}
+    #
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-change-detection.yml
 
   check-docs:
     name: Docs
@@ -110,6 +40,50 @@ jobs:
     if: fromJSON(needs.check_source.outputs.run-docs)
     uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-docs.yml
 
+  check_autoconf_regen:
+    name: 'Check if Autoconf files are up to date'
+    # Don't use ubuntu-latest but a specific version to make the job
+    # reproducible: to get the same tools versions (autoconf, aclocal, ...)
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    container:
+      image: ghcr.io/python/autoconf:2024.10.16.11360930377
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    needs: check_source
+    if: needs.check_source.outputs.run_tests == 'true'
+    steps:
+      - name: Install Git
+        run: |
+          apt install git -yq
+          git config --global --add safe.directory "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE"
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - name: Runner image version
+        run: echo "IMAGE_VERSION=${ImageVersion}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+      - name: Check Autoconf and aclocal versions
+        run: |
+          grep "Generated by GNU Autoconf 2.71" configure
+          grep "aclocal 1.16.5" aclocal.m4
+          grep -q "runstatedir" configure
+          grep -q "PKG_PROG_PKG_CONFIG" aclocal.m4
+      - name: Regenerate autoconf files
+        # Same command used by Tools/build/regen-configure.sh ($AUTORECONF)
+        run: autoreconf -ivf -Werror
+      - name: Check for changes
+        run: |
+          git add -u
+          changes=$(git status --porcelain)
+          # Check for changes in regenerated files
+          if test -n "$changes"; then
+            echo "Generated files not up to date."
+            echo "Perhaps you forgot to run make regen-all or build.bat --regen. ;)"
+            echo "configure files must be regenerated with a specific version of autoconf."
+            echo "$changes"
+            echo ""
+            git diff --staged || true
+            exit 1
+          fi
+
   check_generated_files:
     name: 'Check if generated files are up to date'
     # Don't use ubuntu-latest but a specific version to make the job
@@ -139,19 +113,10 @@ jobs:
         uses: hendrikmuhs/ccache-action@v1.2
         with:
           save: false
-      - name: Check Autoconf and aclocal versions
-        run: |
-          grep "Generated by GNU Autoconf 2.71" configure
-          grep "aclocal 1.16.5" aclocal.m4
-          grep -q "runstatedir" configure
-          grep -q "PKG_PROG_PKG_CONFIG" aclocal.m4
       - name: Configure CPython
         run: |
           # Build Python with the libpython dynamic library
           ./configure --config-cache --with-pydebug --enable-shared
-      - name: Regenerate autoconf files
-        # Same command used by Tools/build/regen-configure.sh ($AUTORECONF)
-        run: autoreconf -ivf -Werror
       - name: Build CPython
         run: |
           make -j4 regen-all
@@ -179,79 +144,101 @@ jobs:
         run: make check-c-globals
 
   build_windows:
-    name: 'Windows'
+    name: >-
+      Windows
+      ${{ fromJSON(matrix.free-threading) && '(free-threading)' || '' }}
     needs: check_source
-    if: needs.check_source.outputs.run_tests == 'true'
-    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-windows.yml
-
-  build_windows_free_threading:
-    name: 'Windows (free-threading)'
-    needs: check_source
-    if: needs.check_source.outputs.run_tests == 'true'
+    if: fromJSON(needs.check_source.outputs.run_tests)
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        arch:
+        - Win32
+        - x64
+        - arm64
+        free-threading:
+        - false
+        - true
     uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-windows.yml
     with:
-      free-threading: true
+      arch: ${{ matrix.arch }}
+      free-threading: ${{ matrix.free-threading }}
 
-  build_macos:
-    name: 'macOS'
+  build_windows_msi:
+    name: >-  # ${{ '' } is a hack to nest jobs under the same sidebar category
+      Windows MSI${{ '' }}
     needs: check_source
-    if: needs.check_source.outputs.run_tests == 'true'
-    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-macos.yml
+    if: fromJSON(needs.check_source.outputs.run-win-msi)
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        arch:
+        - x86
+        - x64
+        - arm64
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-windows-msi.yml
     with:
-      config_hash: ${{ needs.check_source.outputs.config_hash }}
-      # Cirrus and macos-14 are M1, macos-13 is default GHA Intel.
-      # Cirrus used for upstream, macos-14 for forks.
-      os-matrix: '["ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-runner:sonoma", "macos-14", "macos-13"]'
+      arch: ${{ matrix.arch }}
 
-  build_macos_free_threading:
-    name: 'macOS (free-threading)'
+  build_macos:
+    name: >-
+      macOS
+      ${{ fromJSON(matrix.free-threading) && '(free-threading)' || '' }}
     needs: check_source
     if: needs.check_source.outputs.run_tests == 'true'
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        # Cirrus and macos-14 are M1, macos-13 is default GHA Intel.
+        # macOS 13 only runs tests against the GIL-enabled CPython.
+        # Cirrus used for upstream, macos-14 for forks.
+        os:
+        - ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-runner:sonoma
+        - macos-14
+        - macos-13
+        is-fork:  # only used for the exclusion trick
+        - ${{ github.repository_owner != 'python' }}
+        free-threading:
+        - false
+        - true
+        exclude:
+        - os: ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-runner:sonoma
+          is-fork: true
+        - os: macos-14
+          is-fork: false
+        - os: macos-13
+          free-threading: true
     uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-macos.yml
     with:
       config_hash: ${{ needs.check_source.outputs.config_hash }}
-      free-threading: true
-      # Cirrus and macos-14 are M1.
-      # Cirrus used for upstream, macos-14 for forks.
-      os-matrix: '["ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-runner:sonoma", "macos-14"]'
+      free-threading: ${{ matrix.free-threading }}
+      os: ${{ matrix.os }}
 
   build_ubuntu:
-    name: 'Ubuntu'
-    needs: check_source
-    if: needs.check_source.outputs.run_tests == 'true'
-    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-ubuntu.yml
-    with:
-      config_hash: ${{ needs.check_source.outputs.config_hash }}
-      options: |
-        ../cpython-ro-srcdir/configure \
-          --config-cache \
-          --with-pydebug \
-          --with-openssl=$OPENSSL_DIR
-
-  build_ubuntu_free_threading:
-    name: 'Ubuntu (free-threading)'
+    name: >-
+      Ubuntu
+      ${{ fromJSON(matrix.free-threading) && '(free-threading)' || '' }}
     needs: check_source
     if: needs.check_source.outputs.run_tests == 'true'
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        free-threading:
+        - false
+        - true
     uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-ubuntu.yml
     with:
       config_hash: ${{ needs.check_source.outputs.config_hash }}
-      options: |
-        ../cpython-ro-srcdir/configure \
-          --config-cache \
-          --with-pydebug \
-          --with-openssl=$OPENSSL_DIR \
-          --disable-gil
+      free-threading: ${{ matrix.free-threading }}
 
   build_ubuntu_ssltests:
     name: 'Ubuntu SSL tests with OpenSSL'
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     timeout-minutes: 60
     needs: check_source
     if: needs.check_source.outputs.run_tests == 'true'
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        openssl_ver: [1.1.1w, 3.0.13, 3.1.5, 3.2.1]
+        os: [ubuntu-22.04]
+        openssl_ver: [3.0.15, 3.1.7, 3.2.3, 3.3.2]
     env:
       OPENSSL_VER: ${{ matrix.openssl_ver }}
       MULTISSL_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/multissl
@@ -280,7 +267,7 @@ jobs:
       uses: actions/cache@v4
       with:
         path: ./multissl/openssl/${{ env.OPENSSL_VER }}
-        key: ${{ runner.os }}-multissl-openssl-${{ env.OPENSSL_VER }}
+        key: ${{ matrix.os }}-multissl-openssl-${{ env.OPENSSL_VER }}
     - name: Install OpenSSL
       if: steps.cache-openssl.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
       run: python3 Tools/ssl/multissltests.py --steps=library --base-directory $MULTISSL_DIR --openssl $OPENSSL_VER --system Linux
@@ -292,7 +279,7 @@ jobs:
       with:
         save: false
     - name: Configure CPython
-      run: ./configure --config-cache --with-pydebug --with-openssl=$OPENSSL_DIR
+      run: ./configure CFLAGS="-fdiagnostics-format=json" --config-cache --enable-slower-safety --with-pydebug --with-openssl=$OPENSSL_DIR
     - name: Build CPython
       run: make -j4
     - name: Display build info
@@ -315,7 +302,7 @@ jobs:
     needs: check_source
     if: needs.check_source.outputs.run_tests == 'true' && needs.check_source.outputs.run_hypothesis == 'true'
     env:
-      OPENSSL_VER: 3.0.13
+      OPENSSL_VER: 3.0.15
       PYTHONSTRICTEXTENSIONBUILD: 1
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v4
@@ -365,6 +352,7 @@ jobs:
         ../cpython-ro-srcdir/configure \
           --config-cache \
           --with-pydebug \
+          --enable-slower-safety \
           --with-openssl=$OPENSSL_DIR
     - name: Build CPython out-of-tree
       working-directory: ${{ env.CPYTHON_BUILDDIR }}
@@ -393,7 +381,7 @@ jobs:
         path: ${{ env.CPYTHON_BUILDDIR }}/.hypothesis/
         key: hypothesis-database-${{ github.head_ref || github.run_id }}
         restore-keys: |
-          - hypothesis-database-
+          hypothesis-database-
     - name: "Run tests"
       working-directory: ${{ env.CPYTHON_BUILDDIR }}
       run: |
@@ -428,7 +416,7 @@ jobs:
     needs: check_source
     if: needs.check_source.outputs.run_tests == 'true'
     env:
-      OPENSSL_VER: 3.0.13
+      OPENSSL_VER: 3.0.15
       PYTHONSTRICTEXTENSIONBUILD: 1
       ASAN_OPTIONS: detect_leaks=0:allocator_may_return_null=1:handle_segv=0
     steps:
@@ -458,7 +446,7 @@ jobs:
       uses: actions/cache@v4
       with:
         path: ./multissl/openssl/${{ env.OPENSSL_VER }}
-        key: ${{ runner.os }}-multissl-openssl-${{ env.OPENSSL_VER }}
+        key: ${{ matrix.os }}-multissl-openssl-${{ env.OPENSSL_VER }}
     - name: Install OpenSSL
       if: steps.cache-openssl.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
       run: python3 Tools/ssl/multissltests.py --steps=library --base-directory $MULTISSL_DIR --openssl $OPENSSL_VER --system Linux
@@ -548,15 +536,14 @@ jobs:
     needs:
     - check_source  # Transitive dependency, needed to access `run_tests` value
     - check-docs
+    - check_autoconf_regen
     - check_generated_files
     - build_macos
-    - build_macos_free_threading
     - build_ubuntu
-    - build_ubuntu_free_threading
     - build_ubuntu_ssltests
     - build_wasi
     - build_windows
-    - build_windows_free_threading
+    - build_windows_msi
     - test_hypothesis
     - build_asan
     - build_tsan
@@ -571,6 +558,7 @@ jobs:
       with:
         allowed-failures: >-
           build_ubuntu_ssltests,
+          build_windows_msi,
           cifuzz,
           test_hypothesis,
         allowed-skips: >-
@@ -584,15 +572,13 @@ jobs:
           ${{
             needs.check_source.outputs.run_tests != 'true'
             && '
+            check_autoconf_regen,
             check_generated_files,
             build_macos,
-            build_macos_free_threading,
             build_ubuntu,
-            build_ubuntu_free_threading,
             build_ubuntu_ssltests,
             build_wasi,
             build_windows,
-            build_windows_free_threading,
             build_asan,
             build_tsan,
             build_tsan_free_threading,
diff --git a/.github/workflows/build_msi.yml b/.github/workflows/build_msi.yml
deleted file mode 100644
index 65d32c734e7745..00000000000000
--- a/.github/workflows/build_msi.yml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
-name: TestsMSI
-
-on:
-  workflow_dispatch:
-  push:
-    branches:
-    - 'main'
-    - '3.*'
-    paths:
-    - 'Tools/msi/**'
-    - '.github/workflows/build_msi.yml'
-  pull_request:
-    branches:
-    - 'main'
-    - '3.*'
-    paths:
-    - 'Tools/msi/**'
-    - '.github/workflows/build_msi.yml'
-
-permissions:
-  contents: read
-
-concurrency:
-  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.head_ref || github.run_id }}
-  cancel-in-progress: true
-
-jobs:
-  build:
-    name: Windows Installer
-    runs-on: windows-latest
-    timeout-minutes: 60
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        type: [x86, x64, arm64]
-    env:
-      IncludeFreethreaded: true
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-    - name: Build CPython installer
-      run: .\Tools\msi\build.bat --doc -${{ matrix.type }}
diff --git a/.github/workflows/jit.yml b/.github/workflows/jit.yml
index 8c760a81d52662..754f179f105591 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/jit.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/jit.yml
@@ -110,8 +110,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Native Windows
         if: runner.os == 'Windows' && matrix.architecture != 'ARM64'
         run: |
-          choco upgrade llvm -y
-          choco install llvm --allow-downgrade --no-progress --version ${{ matrix.llvm }}
+          choco install llvm --allow-downgrade --no-progress --version ${{ matrix.llvm }}.1.0
           ./PCbuild/build.bat --experimental-jit ${{ matrix.debug && '-d' || '--pgo' }} -p ${{ matrix.architecture }}
           ./PCbuild/rt.bat ${{ matrix.debug && '-d' || '' }} -p ${{ matrix.architecture }} -q --multiprocess 0 --timeout 4500 --verbose2 --verbose3
 
@@ -119,8 +118,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Emulated Windows
         if: runner.os == 'Windows' && matrix.architecture == 'ARM64'
         run: |
-          choco upgrade llvm -y
-          choco install llvm --allow-downgrade --no-progress --version ${{ matrix.llvm }}
+          choco install llvm --allow-downgrade --no-progress --version ${{ matrix.llvm }}.1.0
           ./PCbuild/build.bat --experimental-jit ${{ matrix.debug && '-d' || '' }} -p ${{ matrix.architecture }}
 
       - name: Native macOS
@@ -133,17 +131,15 @@ jobs:
           make all --jobs 4
           ./python.exe -m test --multiprocess 0 --timeout 4500 --verbose2 --verbose3
 
-      # --with-lto has been removed temporarily as a result of an open issue in LLVM 18 (see https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/87553)
       - name: Native Linux
         if: runner.os == 'Linux' && matrix.architecture == 'x86_64'
         run: |
           sudo bash -c "$(wget -O - https://apt.llvm.org/llvm.sh)" ./llvm.sh ${{ matrix.llvm }}
           export PATH="$(llvm-config-${{ matrix.llvm }} --bindir):$PATH"
-          ./configure --enable-experimental-jit ${{ matrix.debug && '--with-pydebug' || '--enable-optimizations' }}
+          ./configure --enable-experimental-jit ${{ matrix.debug && '--with-pydebug' || '--enable-optimizations --with-lto' }}
           make all --jobs 4
           ./python -m test --multiprocess 0 --timeout 4500 --verbose2 --verbose3
 
-      # --with-lto has been removed temporarily as a result of an open issue in LLVM 18 (see https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/87553)
       - name: Emulated Linux
         if: runner.os == 'Linux' && matrix.architecture != 'x86_64'
         # The --ignorefile on ./python -m test is used to exclude tests known to fail when running on an emulated Linux.
@@ -161,7 +157,7 @@ jobs:
           CC="${{ matrix.compiler == 'clang' && 'clang --target=$HOST' || '$HOST-gcc' }}" \
             CPP="$CC --preprocess" \
             HOSTRUNNER=qemu-${{ matrix.architecture }} \
-            ./configure --enable-experimental-jit ${{ matrix.debug && '--with-pydebug' || '--enable-optimizations ' }} --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --host="$HOST" --with-build-python=../build/bin/python3 --with-pkg-config=no ac_cv_buggy_getaddrinfo=no ac_cv_file__dev_ptc=no ac_cv_file__dev_ptmx=yes
+            ./configure --enable-experimental-jit ${{ matrix.debug && '--with-pydebug' || '--with-lto' }} --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --host="$HOST" --with-build-python=../build/bin/python3 --with-pkg-config=no ac_cv_buggy_getaddrinfo=no ac_cv_file__dev_ptc=no ac_cv_file__dev_ptmx=yes
           make all --jobs 4
           ./python -m test --ignorefile=Tools/jit/ignore-tests-emulated-linux.txt --multiprocess 0 --timeout 4500 --verbose2 --verbose3
 
diff --git a/.github/workflows/mypy.yml b/.github/workflows/mypy.yml
index 1b2d998182e0f7..e5b05302b5ac27 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/mypy.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/mypy.yml
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
         with:
-          python-version: "3.11"
+          python-version: "3.13"
           cache: pip
           cache-dependency-path: Tools/requirements-dev.txt
       - run: pip install -r Tools/requirements-dev.txt
diff --git a/.github/workflows/posix-deps-apt.sh b/.github/workflows/posix-deps-apt.sh
index fb485bd4f82bd2..bfc5a0874281bd 100755
--- a/.github/workflows/posix-deps-apt.sh
+++ b/.github/workflows/posix-deps-apt.sh
@@ -1,11 +1,9 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 apt-get update
 
-# autoconf-archive is needed by autoreconf (check_generated_files job)
 apt-get -yq install \
     build-essential \
     pkg-config \
-    autoconf-archive \
     ccache \
     gdb \
     lcov \
diff --git a/.github/workflows/reusable-change-detection.yml b/.github/workflows/reusable-change-detection.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..5cd6fb39f1e12f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/reusable-change-detection.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+name: Reusable change detection
+
+on:  # yamllint disable-line rule:truthy
+  workflow_call:
+    outputs:
+      # Some of the referenced steps set outputs conditionally and there may be
+      # cases when referencing them evaluates to empty strings. It is nice to
+      # work with proper booleans so they have to be evaluated through JSON
+      # conversion in the expressions. However, empty strings used like that
+      # may trigger all sorts of undefined and hard-to-debug behaviors in
+      # GitHub Actions CI/CD. To help with this, all of the outputs set here
+      # that are meant to be used as boolean flags (and not arbitrary strings),
+      # MUST have fallbacks with default values set. A common pattern would be
+      # to add ` || false` to all such expressions here, in the output
+      # definitions. They can then later be safely used through the following
+      # idiom in job conditionals and other expressions. Here's some examples:
+      #
+      #   if: fromJSON(needs.change-detection.outputs.run-docs)
+      #
+      #   ${{
+      #        fromJSON(needs.change-detection.outputs.run-tests)
+      #        && 'truthy-branch'
+      #        || 'falsy-branch'
+      #   }}
+      #
+      config_hash:
+        description: Config hash value for use in cache keys
+        value: ${{ jobs.compute-changes.outputs.config-hash }}  # str
+      run-docs:
+        description: Whether to build the docs
+        value: ${{ jobs.compute-changes.outputs.run-docs || false }}  # bool
+      run_tests:
+        description: Whether to run the regular tests
+        value: ${{ jobs.compute-changes.outputs.run-tests || false }}  # bool
+      run-win-msi:
+        description: Whether to run the MSI installer smoke tests
+        value: >-  # bool
+          ${{ jobs.compute-changes.outputs.run-win-msi || false }}
+      run_hypothesis:
+        description: Whether to run the Hypothesis tests
+        value: >-  # bool
+          ${{ jobs.compute-changes.outputs.run-hypothesis || false }}
+      run_cifuzz:
+        description: Whether to run the CIFuzz job
+        value: >-  # bool
+          ${{ jobs.compute-changes.outputs.run-cifuzz || false }}
+
+jobs:
+  compute-changes:
+    name: Compute changed files
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 10
+    outputs:
+      config-hash: ${{ steps.config-hash.outputs.hash }}
+      run-cifuzz: ${{ steps.check.outputs.run-cifuzz }}
+      run-docs: ${{ steps.docs-changes.outputs.run-docs }}
+      run-hypothesis: ${{ steps.check.outputs.run-hypothesis }}
+      run-tests: ${{ steps.check.outputs.run-tests }}
+      run-win-msi: ${{ steps.win-msi-changes.outputs.run-win-msi }}
+    steps:
+    - run: >-
+        echo '${{ github.event_name }}'
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - name: Check for source changes
+      id: check
+      run: |
+        if [ -z "$GITHUB_BASE_REF" ]; then
+          echo "run-tests=true" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+        else
+          git fetch origin $GITHUB_BASE_REF --depth=1
+          # git diff "origin/$GITHUB_BASE_REF..." (3 dots) may be more
+          # reliable than git diff "origin/$GITHUB_BASE_REF.." (2 dots),
+          # but it requires to download more commits (this job uses
+          # "git fetch --depth=1").
+          #
+          # git diff "origin/$GITHUB_BASE_REF..." (3 dots) works with Git
+          # 2.26, but Git 2.28 is stricter and fails with "no merge base".
+          #
+          # git diff "origin/$GITHUB_BASE_REF.." (2 dots) should be enough on
+          # GitHub, since GitHub starts by merging origin/$GITHUB_BASE_REF
+          # into the PR branch anyway.
+          #
+          # https://github.com/python/core-workflow/issues/373
+          git diff --name-only origin/$GITHUB_BASE_REF.. | grep -qvE '(\.rst$|^Doc|^Misc|^\.pre-commit-config\.yaml$|\.ruff\.toml$|\.md$|mypy\.ini$)' && echo "run-tests=true" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT || true
+        fi
+
+        # Check if we should run hypothesis tests
+        GIT_BRANCH=${GITHUB_BASE_REF:-${GITHUB_REF#refs/heads/}}
+        echo $GIT_BRANCH
+        if $(echo "$GIT_BRANCH" | grep -q -w '3\.\(8\|9\|10\|11\)'); then
+          echo "Branch too old for hypothesis tests"
+          echo "run-hypothesis=false" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+        else
+          echo "Run hypothesis tests"
+          echo "run-hypothesis=true" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+        fi
+
+        # oss-fuzz maintains a configuration for fuzzing the main branch of
+        # CPython, so CIFuzz should be run only for code that is likely to be
+        # merged into the main branch; compatibility with older branches may
+        # be broken.
+        FUZZ_RELEVANT_FILES='(\.c$|\.h$|\.cpp$|^configure$|^\.github/workflows/build\.yml$|^Modules/_xxtestfuzz)'
+        if [ "$GITHUB_BASE_REF" = "main" ] && [ "$(git diff --name-only origin/$GITHUB_BASE_REF.. | grep -qE $FUZZ_RELEVANT_FILES; echo $?)" -eq 0 ]; then
+          # The tests are pretty slow so they are executed only for PRs
+          # changing relevant files.
+          echo "Run CIFuzz tests"
+          echo "run-cifuzz=true" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+        else
+          echo "Branch too old for CIFuzz tests; or no C files were changed"
+          echo "run-cifuzz=false" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+        fi
+    - name: Compute hash for config cache key
+      id: config-hash
+      run: |
+        echo "hash=${{ hashFiles('configure', 'configure.ac', '.github/workflows/build.yml') }}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+    - name: Get a list of the changed documentation-related files
+      if: github.event_name == 'pull_request'
+      id: changed-docs-files
+      uses: Ana06/get-changed-files@v2.3.0
+      with:
+        filter: |
+          Doc/**
+          Misc/**
+          .github/workflows/reusable-docs.yml
+        format: csv  # works for paths with spaces
+    - name: Check for docs changes
+      # We only want to run this on PRs when related files are changed,
+      # or when user triggers manual workflow run.
+      if: >-
+        (
+          github.event_name == 'pull_request'
+          && steps.changed-docs-files.outputs.added_modified_renamed != ''
+        ) || github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch'
+      id: docs-changes
+      run: |
+        echo "run-docs=true" >> "${GITHUB_OUTPUT}"
+    - name: Get a list of the MSI installer-related files
+      if: github.event_name == 'pull_request'
+      id: changed-win-msi-files
+      uses: Ana06/get-changed-files@v2.3.0
+      with:
+        filter: |
+          Tools/msi/**
+          .github/workflows/reusable-windows-msi.yml
+        format: csv  # works for paths with spaces
+    - name: Check for changes in MSI installer-related files
+      # We only want to run this on PRs when related files are changed,
+      # or when user triggers manual workflow run.
+      if: >-
+        (
+          github.event_name == 'pull_request'
+          && steps.changed-win-msi-files.outputs.added_modified_renamed != ''
+        ) || github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch'
+      id: win-msi-changes
+      run: |
+        echo "run-win-msi=true" >> "${GITHUB_OUTPUT}"
diff --git a/.github/workflows/reusable-docs.yml b/.github/workflows/reusable-docs.yml
index 859f78d043ba92..39a97392e898aa 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/reusable-docs.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/reusable-docs.yml
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-name: Docs
+name: Reusable Docs
 
 on:
   workflow_call:
@@ -11,6 +11,9 @@ concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.head_ref || github.run_id }}
   cancel-in-progress: true
 
+env:
+  FORCE_COLOR: 1
+
 jobs:
   build_doc:
     name: 'Docs'
@@ -25,9 +28,15 @@ jobs:
     - name: 'Check out latest PR branch commit'
       uses: actions/checkout@v4
       with:
-        ref: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha }}
+        ref: >-
+          ${{
+            github.event_name == 'pull_request'
+            && github.event.pull_request.head.sha
+            || ''
+          }}
     # Adapted from https://github.com/actions/checkout/issues/520#issuecomment-1167205721
     - name: 'Fetch commits to get branch diff'
+      if: github.event_name == 'pull_request'
       run: |
         # Fetch enough history to find a common ancestor commit (aka merge-base):
         git fetch origin ${{ env.refspec_pr }} --depth=$(( ${{ github.event.pull_request.commits }} + 1 )) \
@@ -75,7 +84,7 @@ jobs:
     - name: 'Set up Python'
       uses: actions/setup-python@v5
       with:
-        python-version: '3.12'  # known to work with Sphinx 6.2.1
+        python-version: '3.13'  # known to work with Sphinx 7.2.6
         cache: 'pip'
         cache-dependency-path: 'Doc/requirements-oldest-sphinx.txt'
     - name: 'Install build dependencies'
@@ -86,7 +95,7 @@ jobs:
   # Run "doctest" on HEAD as new syntax doesn't exist in the latest stable release
   doctest:
     name: 'Doctest'
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     timeout-minutes: 60
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v4
diff --git a/.github/workflows/reusable-macos.yml b/.github/workflows/reusable-macos.yml
index f825d1a7b3f69a..b3a160fbbf8053 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/reusable-macos.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/reusable-macos.yml
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+name: Reusable macOS
+
 on:
   workflow_call:
     inputs:
@@ -8,13 +10,14 @@ on:
         required: false
         type: boolean
         default: false
-      os-matrix:
-        required: false
+      os:
+        description: OS to run the job
+        required: true
         type: string
 
 jobs:
   build_macos:
-    name: build and test (${{ matrix.os }})
+    name: build and test (${{ inputs.os }})
     timeout-minutes: 60
     env:
       HOMEBREW_NO_ANALYTICS: 1
@@ -23,18 +26,7 @@ jobs:
       HOMEBREW_NO_INSTALLED_DEPENDENTS_CHECK: 1
       PYTHONSTRICTEXTENSIONBUILD: 1
       TERM: linux
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        os: ${{fromJson(inputs.os-matrix)}}
-        is-fork:
-          - ${{ github.repository_owner != 'python' }}
-        exclude:
-          - os: "ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-runner:sonoma"
-            is-fork: true
-          - os: "macos-14"
-            is-fork: false
-    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    runs-on: ${{ inputs.os }}
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v4
     - name: Runner image version
@@ -43,9 +35,9 @@ jobs:
       uses: actions/cache@v4
       with:
         path: config.cache
-        key: ${{ github.job }}-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ env.IMAGE_VERSION }}-${{ inputs.config_hash }}
+        key: ${{ github.job }}-${{ inputs.os }}-${{ env.IMAGE_VERSION }}-${{ inputs.config_hash }}
     - name: Install Homebrew dependencies
-      run: brew install pkg-config openssl@3.0 xz gdbm tcl-tk
+      run: brew install pkg-config openssl@3.0 xz gdbm tcl-tk make
     - name: Configure CPython
       run: |
         GDBM_CFLAGS="-I$(brew --prefix gdbm)/include" \
@@ -53,12 +45,28 @@ jobs:
         ./configure \
           --config-cache \
           --with-pydebug \
+          --enable-slower-safety \
+          --enable-safety \
           ${{ inputs.free-threading && '--disable-gil' || '' }} \
           --prefix=/opt/python-dev \
           --with-openssl="$(brew --prefix openssl@3.0)"
     - name: Build CPython
-      run: make -j8
+      if : ${{ inputs.free-threading || inputs.os != 'macos-13' }}
+      run: gmake -j8
+    - name: Build CPython for compiler warning check
+      if : ${{ !inputs.free-threading && inputs.os == 'macos-13' }}
+      run: set -o pipefail; gmake -j8 --output-sync 2>&1 | tee compiler_output_macos.txt
     - name: Display build info
       run: make pythoninfo
+    - name: Check compiler warnings
+      if : ${{ !inputs.free-threading && inputs.os == 'macos-13' }}
+      run: >-
+        python3 Tools/build/check_warnings.py
+        --compiler-output-file-path=compiler_output_macos.txt
+        --warning-ignore-file-path=Tools/build/.warningignore_macos
+        --compiler-output-type=clang
+        --fail-on-regression
+        --fail-on-improvement
+        --path-prefix="./"
     - name: Tests
       run: make test
diff --git a/.github/workflows/reusable-tsan.yml b/.github/workflows/reusable-tsan.yml
index b6d5d8fa1c7157..f4c976ca996410 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/reusable-tsan.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/reusable-tsan.yml
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+name: Reusable Thread Sanitizer
+
 on:
   workflow_call:
     inputs:
@@ -36,11 +38,11 @@ jobs:
         # Install clang-18
         wget https://apt.llvm.org/llvm.sh
         chmod +x llvm.sh
-        sudo ./llvm.sh 18
-        sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/clang clang /usr/bin/clang-18 100
-        sudo update-alternatives --set clang /usr/bin/clang-18
-        sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/clang++ clang++ /usr/bin/clang++-18 100
-        sudo update-alternatives --set clang++ /usr/bin/clang++-18
+        sudo ./llvm.sh 17  # gh-121946: llvm-18 package is temporarily broken
+        sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/clang clang /usr/bin/clang-17 100
+        sudo update-alternatives --set clang /usr/bin/clang-17
+        sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/clang++ clang++ /usr/bin/clang++-17 100
+        sudo update-alternatives --set clang++ /usr/bin/clang++-17
         # Reduce ASLR to avoid TSAN crashing
         sudo sysctl -w vm.mmap_rnd_bits=28
     - name: TSAN Option Setup
diff --git a/.github/workflows/reusable-ubuntu.yml b/.github/workflows/reusable-ubuntu.yml
index fa450ed3376321..0cf40ba8a9b03b 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/reusable-ubuntu.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/reusable-ubuntu.yml
@@ -1,21 +1,29 @@
+name: Reusable Ubuntu
+
 on:
   workflow_call:
     inputs:
       config_hash:
         required: true
         type: string
-      options:
-        required: true
-        type: string
+      free-threading:
+        description: Whether to use free-threaded mode
+        required: false
+        type: boolean
+        default: false
 
 jobs:
   build_ubuntu_reusable:
     name: 'build and test'
     timeout-minutes: 60
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        os: [ubuntu-22.04]
     env:
       FORCE_COLOR: 1
-      OPENSSL_VER: 3.0.13
+      OPENSSL_VER: 3.0.15
       PYTHONSTRICTEXTENSIONBUILD: 1
       TERM: linux
     steps:
@@ -34,7 +42,7 @@ jobs:
       uses: actions/cache@v4
       with:
         path: ./multissl/openssl/${{ env.OPENSSL_VER }}
-        key: ${{ runner.os }}-multissl-openssl-${{ env.OPENSSL_VER }}
+        key: ${{ matrix.os }}-multissl-openssl-${{ env.OPENSSL_VER }}
     - name: Install OpenSSL
       if: steps.cache-openssl.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
       run: python3 Tools/ssl/multissltests.py --steps=library --base-directory $MULTISSL_DIR --openssl $OPENSSL_VER --system Linux
@@ -63,13 +71,35 @@ jobs:
         key: ${{ github.job }}-${{ runner.os }}-${{ env.IMAGE_VERSION }}-${{ inputs.config_hash }}
     - name: Configure CPython out-of-tree
       working-directory: ${{ env.CPYTHON_BUILDDIR }}
-      run: ${{ inputs.options }}
+      run: >-
+        ../cpython-ro-srcdir/configure
+        --config-cache
+        --with-pydebug
+        --enable-slower-safety
+        --enable-safety
+        --with-openssl=$OPENSSL_DIR
+        ${{ fromJSON(inputs.free-threading) && '--disable-gil' || '' }}
     - name: Build CPython out-of-tree
+      if: ${{ inputs.free-threading }}
       working-directory: ${{ env.CPYTHON_BUILDDIR }}
       run: make -j4
+    - name: Build CPython out-of-tree (for compiler warning check)
+      if: ${{ !inputs.free-threading}}
+      working-directory: ${{ env.CPYTHON_BUILDDIR }}
+      run: set -o pipefail; make -j4 --output-sync 2>&1 | tee compiler_output_ubuntu.txt
     - name: Display build info
       working-directory: ${{ env.CPYTHON_BUILDDIR }}
       run: make pythoninfo
+    - name: Check compiler warnings
+      if: ${{ !inputs.free-threading }}
+      run: >-
+        python Tools/build/check_warnings.py
+        --compiler-output-file-path=${{ env.CPYTHON_BUILDDIR }}/compiler_output_ubuntu.txt
+        --warning-ignore-file-path ${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}/Tools/build/.warningignore_ubuntu
+        --compiler-output-type=gcc
+        --fail-on-regression
+        --fail-on-improvement
+        --path-prefix="../cpython-ro-srcdir/"
     - name: Remount sources writable for tests
       # some tests write to srcdir, lack of pyc files slows down testing
       run: sudo mount $CPYTHON_RO_SRCDIR -oremount,rw
diff --git a/.github/workflows/reusable-wasi.yml b/.github/workflows/reusable-wasi.yml
index c389fe9e173b38..4c8137c958a312 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/reusable-wasi.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/reusable-wasi.yml
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+name: Reusable WASI
+
 on:
   workflow_call:
     inputs:
@@ -11,8 +13,8 @@ jobs:
     timeout-minutes: 60
     runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     env:
-      WASMTIME_VERSION: 18.0.3
-      WASI_SDK_VERSION: 21
+      WASMTIME_VERSION: 22.0.0
+      WASI_SDK_VERSION: 24
       WASI_SDK_PATH: /opt/wasi-sdk
       CROSS_BUILD_PYTHON: cross-build/build
       CROSS_BUILD_WASI: cross-build/wasm32-wasi
@@ -20,9 +22,9 @@ jobs:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v4
     # No problem resolver registered as one doesn't currently exist for Clang.
     - name: "Install wasmtime"
-      uses: jcbhmr/setup-wasmtime@v2
+      uses: bytecodealliance/actions/wasmtime/setup@v1
       with:
-        wasmtime-version: ${{ env.WASMTIME_VERSION }}
+        version: ${{ env.WASMTIME_VERSION }}
     - name: "Restore WASI SDK"
       id: cache-wasi-sdk
       uses: actions/cache@v4
@@ -33,7 +35,7 @@ jobs:
       if: steps.cache-wasi-sdk.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
       run: |
         mkdir ${{ env.WASI_SDK_PATH }} && \
-        curl -s -S --location https://github.com/WebAssembly/wasi-sdk/releases/download/wasi-sdk-${{ env.WASI_SDK_VERSION }}/wasi-sdk-${{ env.WASI_SDK_VERSION }}.0-linux.tar.gz | \
+        curl -s -S --location https://github.com/WebAssembly/wasi-sdk/releases/download/wasi-sdk-${{ env.WASI_SDK_VERSION }}/wasi-sdk-${{ env.WASI_SDK_VERSION }}.0-x86_64-linux.tar.gz | \
         tar --strip-components 1 --directory ${{ env.WASI_SDK_PATH }} --extract --gunzip
     - name: "Configure ccache action"
       uses: hendrikmuhs/ccache-action@v1.2
@@ -50,8 +52,10 @@ jobs:
       uses: actions/cache@v4
       with:
         path: ${{ env.CROSS_BUILD_PYTHON }}/config.cache
-        # Include env.pythonLocation in key to avoid changes in environment when setup-python updates Python
-        key: ${{ github.job }}-${{ runner.os }}-${{ env.IMAGE_VERSION }}-${{ inputs.config_hash }}-${{ env.pythonLocation }}
+        # Include env.pythonLocation in key to avoid changes in environment when setup-python updates Python.
+        # Include the hash of `Tools/wasm/wasi.py` as it may change the environment variables.
+        # (Make sure to keep the key in sync with the other config.cache step below.)
+        key: ${{ github.job }}-${{ runner.os }}-${{ env.IMAGE_VERSION }}-${{ env.WASI_SDK_VERSION }}-${{ env.WASMTIME_VERSION }}-${{ inputs.config_hash }}-${{ hashFiles('Tools/wasm/wasi.py') }}-${{ env.pythonLocation }}
     - name: "Configure build Python"
       run: python3 Tools/wasm/wasi.py configure-build-python -- --config-cache --with-pydebug
     - name: "Make build Python"
@@ -60,8 +64,8 @@ jobs:
       uses: actions/cache@v4
       with:
         path: ${{ env.CROSS_BUILD_WASI }}/config.cache
-        # Include env.pythonLocation in key to avoid changes in environment when setup-python updates Python
-        key: ${{ github.job }}-${{ runner.os }}-${{ env.IMAGE_VERSION }}-wasi-sdk-${{ env.WASI_SDK_VERSION }}-${{ inputs.config_hash }}-${{ env.pythonLocation }}
+        # Should be kept in sync with the other config.cache step above.
+        key: ${{ github.job }}-${{ runner.os }}-${{ env.IMAGE_VERSION }}-${{ env.WASI_SDK_VERSION }}-${{ env.WASMTIME_VERSION }}-${{ inputs.config_hash }}-${{ hashFiles('Tools/wasm/wasi.py') }}-${{ env.pythonLocation }}
     - name: "Configure host"
       # `--with-pydebug` inferred from configure-build-python
       run: python3 Tools/wasm/wasi.py configure-host -- --config-cache
diff --git a/.github/workflows/reusable-windows-msi.yml b/.github/workflows/reusable-windows-msi.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..abdb1a1982fef8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/reusable-windows-msi.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+name: Reusable Windows MSI
+
+on:
+  workflow_call:
+    inputs:
+      arch:
+        description: CPU architecture
+        required: true
+        type: string
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    name: installer for ${{ inputs.arch }}
+    runs-on: windows-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      IncludeFreethreaded: true
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - name: Build CPython installer
+      run: .\Tools\msi\build.bat --doc -${{ inputs.arch }}
diff --git a/.github/workflows/reusable-windows.yml b/.github/workflows/reusable-windows.yml
index c0209e0e1c92e9..dcfc62d7f5d145 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/reusable-windows.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/reusable-windows.yml
@@ -1,53 +1,47 @@
+name: Reusable Windows
+
 on:
   workflow_call:
     inputs:
+      arch:
+        description: CPU architecture
+        required: true
+        type: string
       free-threading:
+        description: Whether to compile CPython in free-threading mode
         required: false
         type: boolean
         default: false
 
-jobs:
-  build_win32:
-    name: 'build and test (x86)'
-    runs-on: windows-latest
-    timeout-minutes: 60
-    env:
-      IncludeUwp: 'true'
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-    - name: Build CPython
-      run: .\PCbuild\build.bat -e -d -v -p Win32 ${{ inputs.free-threading && '--disable-gil' || '' }}
-    - name: Display build info
-      run: .\python.bat -m test.pythoninfo
-    - name: Tests
-      run: .\PCbuild\rt.bat -p Win32 -d -q --fast-ci ${{ inputs.free-threading && '--disable-gil' || '' }}
+env:
+  IncludeUwp: >-
+    true
 
-  build_win_amd64:
-    name: 'build and test (x64)'
+jobs:
+  build:
+    name: >-
+      build${{ inputs.arch != 'arm64' && ' and test' || '' }}
+      (${{ inputs.arch }})
     runs-on: windows-latest
     timeout-minutes: 60
-    env:
-       IncludeUwp: 'true'
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v4
     - name: Register MSVC problem matcher
+      if: inputs.arch != 'Win32'
       run: echo "::add-matcher::.github/problem-matchers/msvc.json"
     - name: Build CPython
-      run: .\PCbuild\build.bat -e -d -v -p x64 ${{ inputs.free-threading && '--disable-gil' || '' }}
+      run: >-
+        .\PCbuild\build.bat
+        -e -d -v
+        -p ${{ inputs.arch }}
+        ${{ fromJSON(inputs.free-threading) && '--disable-gil' || '' }}
     - name: Display build info
+      if: inputs.arch != 'arm64'
       run: .\python.bat -m test.pythoninfo
     - name: Tests
-      run: .\PCbuild\rt.bat -p x64 -d -q --fast-ci ${{ inputs.free-threading && '--disable-gil' || '' }}
-
-  build_win_arm64:
-    name: 'build (arm64)'
-    runs-on: windows-latest
-    timeout-minutes: 60
-    env:
-      IncludeUwp: 'true'
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-    - name: Register MSVC problem matcher
-      run: echo "::add-matcher::.github/problem-matchers/msvc.json"
-    - name: Build CPython
-      run: .\PCbuild\build.bat -e -d -v -p arm64 ${{ inputs.free-threading && '--disable-gil' || '' }}
+      if: inputs.arch != 'arm64'
+      run: >-
+        .\PCbuild\rt.bat
+        -p ${{ inputs.arch }}
+        -d -q --fast-ci
+        ${{ fromJSON(inputs.free-threading) && '--disable-gil' || '' }}
diff --git a/.pre-commit-config.yaml b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
index fde9d9149bf62b..891934bc70a64f 100644
--- a/.pre-commit-config.yaml
+++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@@ -1,26 +1,43 @@
 repos:
   - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
-    rev: v0.3.4
+    rev: v0.6.7
     hooks:
       - id: ruff
-        name: Run Ruff on Lib/test/
+        name: Run Ruff (lint) on Doc/
+        args: [--exit-non-zero-on-fix]
+        files: ^Doc/
+      - id: ruff
+        name: Run Ruff (lint) on Lib/test/
         args: [--exit-non-zero-on-fix]
         files: ^Lib/test/
       - id: ruff
-        name: Run Ruff on Argument Clinic
+        name: Run Ruff (lint) on Tools/build/check_warnings.py
+        args: [--exit-non-zero-on-fix, --config=Tools/build/.ruff.toml]
+        files: ^Tools/build/check_warnings.py
+      - id: ruff
+        name: Run Ruff (lint) on Argument Clinic
         args: [--exit-non-zero-on-fix, --config=Tools/clinic/.ruff.toml]
         files: ^Tools/clinic/|Lib/test/test_clinic.py
+      - id: ruff-format
+        name: Run Ruff (format) on Doc/
+        args: [--check]
+        files: ^Doc/
 
   - repo: https://github.com/psf/black-pre-commit-mirror
-    rev: 24.4.2
+    rev: 24.8.0
     hooks:
+      - id: black
+        name: Run Black on Tools/build/check_warnings.py
+        files: ^Tools/build/check_warnings.py
+        language_version: python3.12
+        args: [--line-length=79]
       - id: black
         name: Run Black on Tools/jit/
         files: ^Tools/jit/
         language_version: python3.12
 
   - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks
-    rev: v4.5.0
+    rev: v4.6.0
     hooks:
       - id: check-case-conflict
       - id: check-merge-conflict
@@ -34,7 +51,7 @@ repos:
         types_or: [c, inc, python, rst]
 
   - repo: https://github.com/sphinx-contrib/sphinx-lint
-    rev: v0.9.1
+    rev: v1.0.0
     hooks:
       - id: sphinx-lint
         args: [--enable=default-role]
diff --git a/.readthedocs.yml b/.readthedocs.yml
index 59830c79a404e0..a57de00544e4e3 100644
--- a/.readthedocs.yml
+++ b/.readthedocs.yml
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ sphinx:
    configuration: Doc/conf.py
 
 build:
-  os: ubuntu-22.04
+  os: ubuntu-24.04
   tools:
     python: "3"
 
@@ -26,6 +26,9 @@ build:
         exit 183;
       fi
 
+    - asdf plugin add uv
+    - asdf install uv latest
+    - asdf global uv latest
     - make -C Doc venv html
     - mkdir _readthedocs
     - mv Doc/build/html _readthedocs/html
diff --git a/Android/README.md b/Android/README.md
index f5f463ca116589..3daa545cc93746 100644
--- a/Android/README.md
+++ b/Android/README.md
@@ -1,19 +1,19 @@
 # Python for Android
 
 These instructions are only needed if you're planning to compile Python for
-Android yourself. Most users should *not* need to do this. If you're looking to
-use Python on Android, one of the following tools will provide a much more
-approachable user experience:
-
-* [Briefcase](https://briefcase.readthedocs.io), from the BeeWare project
-* [Buildozer](https://buildozer.readthedocs.io), from the Kivy project
-* [Chaquopy](https://chaquo.com/chaquopy/)
+Android yourself. Most users should *not* need to do this. Instead, use one of
+the tools listed in `Doc/using/android.rst`, which will provide a much easier
+experience.
 
 
 ## Prerequisites
 
-Export the `ANDROID_HOME` environment variable to point at your Android SDK. If
-you don't already have the SDK, here's how to install it:
+First, make sure you have all the usual tools and libraries needed to build
+Python for your development machine.
+
+Second, you'll need an Android SDK. If you already have the SDK installed,
+export the `ANDROID_HOME` environment variable to point at its location.
+Otherwise, here's how to install it:
 
 * Download the "Command line tools" from <https://developer.android.com/studio>.
 * Create a directory `android-sdk/cmdline-tools`, and unzip the command line
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ you don't already have the SDK, here's how to install it:
 The `android.py` script also requires the following commands to be on the `PATH`:
 
 * `curl`
-* `java`
+* `java` (or set the `JAVA_HOME` environment variable)
 * `tar`
 * `unzip`
 
@@ -37,11 +37,6 @@ development tools, which currently means Linux or macOS. This involves doing a
 cross-build where you use a "build" Python (for your development machine) to
 help produce a "host" Python for Android.
 
-First, make sure you have all the usual tools and libraries needed to build
-Python for your development machine. The only Android tool you need to install
-is the command line tools package above: the build script will download the
-rest.
-
 The easiest way to do a build is to use the `android.py` script. You can either
 have it perform the entire build process from start to finish in one step, or
 you can do it in discrete steps that mirror running `configure` and `make` for
@@ -80,18 +75,62 @@ call. For example, if you want a pydebug build that also caches the results from
 
 ## Testing
 
-To run the Python test suite on Android:
-
-* Install Android Studio, if you don't already have it.
-* Follow the instructions in the previous section to build all supported
-  architectures.
-* Run `./android.py setup-testbed` to download the Gradle wrapper.
-* Open the `testbed` directory in Android Studio.
-* In the *Device Manager* dock, connect a device or start an emulator.
-  Then select it from the drop-down list in the toolbar.
-* Click the "Run" button in the toolbar.
-* The testbed app displays nothing on screen while running. To see its output,
-  open the [Logcat window](https://developer.android.com/studio/debug/logcat).
-
-To run specific tests, or pass any other arguments to the test suite, edit the
-command line in testbed/app/src/main/python/main.py.
+The test suite can be run on Linux, macOS, or Windows:
+
+* On Linux, the emulator needs access to the KVM virtualization interface, and
+  a DISPLAY environment variable pointing at an X server.
+* On Windows, you won't be able to do the build on the same machine, so you'll
+  have to copy the `cross-build/HOST` directory from somewhere else.
+
+The test suite can usually be run on a device with 2 GB of RAM, but this is
+borderline, so you may need to increase it to 4 GB. As of Android
+Studio Koala, 2 GB is the default for all emulators, although the user interface
+may indicate otherwise. Locate the emulator's directory under `~/.android/avd`,
+and find `hw.ramSize` in both config.ini and hardware-qemu.ini. Either set these
+manually to the same value, or use the Android Studio Device Manager, which will
+update both files.
+
+Before running the test suite, follow the instructions in the previous section
+to build the architecture you want to test. Then run the test script in one of
+the following modes:
+
+* In `--connected` mode, it runs on a device or emulator you have already
+  connected to the build machine. List the available devices with
+  `$ANDROID_HOME/platform-tools/adb devices -l`, then pass a device ID to the
+  script like this:
+
+  ```sh
+  ./android.py test --connected emulator-5554
+  ```
+
+* In `--managed` mode, it uses a temporary headless emulator defined in the
+  `managedDevices` section of testbed/app/build.gradle.kts. This mode is slower,
+  but more reproducible.
+
+  We currently define two devices: `minVersion` and `maxVersion`, corresponding
+  to our minimum and maximum supported Android versions. For example:
+
+  ```sh
+  ./android.py test --managed maxVersion
+  ```
+
+By default, the only messages the script will show are Python's own stdout and
+stderr. Add the `-v` option to also show Gradle output, and non-Python logcat
+messages.
+
+Any other arguments on the `android.py test` command line will be passed through
+to `python -m test` – use `--` to separate them from android.py's own options.
+See the [Python Developer's
+Guide](https://devguide.python.org/testing/run-write-tests/) for common options
+– most of them will work on Android, except for those that involve subprocesses,
+such as `-j`.
+
+Every time you run `android.py test`, changes in pure-Python files in the
+repository's `Lib` directory will be picked up immediately. Changes in C files,
+and architecture-specific files such as sysconfigdata, will not take effect
+until you re-run `android.py make-host` or `build`.
+
+
+## Using in your own app
+
+See `Doc/using/android.rst`.
diff --git a/Android/android-env.sh b/Android/android-env.sh
index 545d559d93ab36..a0f23ef8c9fc52 100644
--- a/Android/android-env.sh
+++ b/Android/android-env.sh
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 : ${HOST:?}  # GNU target triplet
 
 # You may also override the following:
-: ${api_level:=21}  # Minimum Android API level the build will run on
+: ${api_level:=24}  # Minimum Android API level the build will run on
 : ${PREFIX:-}  # Path in which to find required libraries
 
 
@@ -24,11 +24,11 @@ fail() {
 # * https://android.googlesource.com/platform/ndk/+/ndk-rXX-release/docs/BuildSystemMaintainers.md
 #   where XX is the NDK version. Do a diff against the version you're upgrading from, e.g.:
 #   https://android.googlesource.com/platform/ndk/+/ndk-r25-release..ndk-r26-release/docs/BuildSystemMaintainers.md
-ndk_version=26.2.11394342
+ndk_version=27.1.12297006
 
 ndk=$ANDROID_HOME/ndk/$ndk_version
 if ! [ -e $ndk ]; then
-    log "Installing NDK: this may take several minutes"
+    log "Installing NDK - this may take several minutes"
     yes | $ANDROID_HOME/cmdline-tools/latest/bin/sdkmanager "ndk;$ndk_version"
 fi
 
@@ -58,8 +58,8 @@ for path in "$AR" "$AS" "$CC" "$CXX" "$LD" "$NM" "$RANLIB" "$READELF" "$STRIP";
     fi
 done
 
-export CFLAGS=""
-export LDFLAGS="-Wl,--build-id=sha1 -Wl,--no-rosegment"
+export CFLAGS="-D__BIONIC_NO_PAGE_SIZE_MACRO"
+export LDFLAGS="-Wl,--build-id=sha1 -Wl,--no-rosegment -Wl,-z,max-page-size=16384"
 
 # Unlike Linux, Android does not implicitly use a dlopened library to resolve
 # relocations in subsequently-loaded libraries, even if RTLD_GLOBAL is used
@@ -85,6 +85,10 @@ if [ -n "${PREFIX:-}" ]; then
     export PKG_CONFIG_LIBDIR="$abs_prefix/lib/pkgconfig"
 fi
 
+# When compiling C++, some build systems will combine CFLAGS and CXXFLAGS, and some will
+# use CXXFLAGS alone.
+export CXXFLAGS=$CFLAGS
+
 # Use the same variable name as conda-build
 if [ $(uname) = "Darwin" ]; then
     export CPU_COUNT=$(sysctl -n hw.ncpu)
diff --git a/Android/android.py b/Android/android.py
index 0a1393e61ddb0e..ae630aa8f4427c 100755
--- a/Android/android.py
+++ b/Android/android.py
@@ -1,31 +1,67 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 
+import asyncio
 import argparse
+from glob import glob
 import os
 import re
+import shlex
 import shutil
+import signal
 import subprocess
 import sys
 import sysconfig
+from asyncio import wait_for
+from contextlib import asynccontextmanager
 from os.path import basename, relpath
 from pathlib import Path
+from subprocess import CalledProcessError
 from tempfile import TemporaryDirectory
 
+
 SCRIPT_NAME = Path(__file__).name
 CHECKOUT = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent
+ANDROID_DIR = CHECKOUT / "Android"
+TESTBED_DIR = ANDROID_DIR / "testbed"
 CROSS_BUILD_DIR = CHECKOUT / "cross-build"
 
+APP_ID = "org.python.testbed"
+DECODE_ARGS = ("UTF-8", "backslashreplace")
+
+
+try:
+    android_home = Path(os.environ['ANDROID_HOME'])
+except KeyError:
+    sys.exit("The ANDROID_HOME environment variable is required.")
+
+adb = Path(
+    f"{android_home}/platform-tools/adb"
+    + (".exe" if os.name == "nt" else "")
+)
+
+gradlew = Path(
+    f"{TESTBED_DIR}/gradlew"
+    + (".bat" if os.name == "nt" else "")
+)
+
+logcat_started = False
 
-def delete_if_exists(path):
-    if path.exists():
+
+def delete_glob(pattern):
+    # Path.glob doesn't accept non-relative patterns.
+    for path in glob(str(pattern)):
+        path = Path(path)
         print(f"Deleting {path} ...")
-        shutil.rmtree(path)
+        if path.is_dir() and not path.is_symlink():
+            shutil.rmtree(path)
+        else:
+            path.unlink()
 
 
 def subdir(name, *, clean=None):
     path = CROSS_BUILD_DIR / name
     if clean:
-        delete_if_exists(path)
+        delete_glob(path)
     if not path.exists():
         if clean is None:
             sys.exit(
@@ -36,10 +72,14 @@ def subdir(name, *, clean=None):
     return path
 
 
-def run(command, *, host=None, **kwargs):
-    env = os.environ.copy()
+def run(command, *, host=None, env=None, log=True, **kwargs):
+    kwargs.setdefault("check", True)
+    if env is None:
+        env = os.environ.copy()
+    original_env = env.copy()
+
     if host:
-        env_script = CHECKOUT / "Android/android-env.sh"
+        env_script = ANDROID_DIR / "android-env.sh"
         env_output = subprocess.run(
             f"set -eu; "
             f"HOST={host}; "
@@ -60,15 +100,13 @@ def run(command, *, host=None, **kwargs):
                     print(line)
                     env[key] = value
 
-        if env == os.environ:
+        if env == original_env:
             raise ValueError(f"Found no variables in {env_script.name} output:\n"
                              + env_output)
 
-    print(">", " ".join(map(str, command)))
-    try:
-        subprocess.run(command, check=True, env=env, **kwargs)
-    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
-        sys.exit(e)
+    if log:
+        print(">", " ".join(map(str, command)))
+    return subprocess.run(command, env=env, **kwargs)
 
 
 def build_python_path():
@@ -100,8 +138,8 @@ def make_build_python(context):
 
 def unpack_deps(host):
     deps_url = "https://github.com/beeware/cpython-android-source-deps/releases/download"
-    for name_ver in ["bzip2-1.0.8-1", "libffi-3.4.4-2", "openssl-3.0.13-1",
-                     "sqlite-3.45.1-0", "xz-5.4.6-0"]:
+    for name_ver in ["bzip2-1.0.8-2", "libffi-3.4.4-3", "openssl-3.0.15-4",
+                     "sqlite-3.45.3-3", "xz-5.4.6-1"]:
         filename = f"{name_ver}-{host}.tar.gz"
         download(f"{deps_url}/{name_ver}/{filename}")
         run(["tar", "-xf", filename])
@@ -150,10 +188,18 @@ def configure_host_python(context):
 
 
 def make_host_python(context):
+    # The CFLAGS and LDFLAGS set in android-env include the prefix dir, so
+    # delete any previous Python installation to prevent it being used during
+    # the build.
     host_dir = subdir(context.host)
+    prefix_dir = host_dir / "prefix"
+    delete_glob(f"{prefix_dir}/include/python*")
+    delete_glob(f"{prefix_dir}/lib/libpython*")
+    delete_glob(f"{prefix_dir}/lib/python*")
+
     os.chdir(host_dir / "build")
     run(["make", "-j", str(os.cpu_count())], host=context.host)
-    run(["make", "install", f"prefix={host_dir}/prefix"], host=context.host)
+    run(["make", "install", f"prefix={prefix_dir}"], host=context.host)
 
 
 def build_all(context):
@@ -164,34 +210,344 @@ def build_all(context):
 
 
 def clean_all(context):
-    delete_if_exists(CROSS_BUILD_DIR)
+    delete_glob(CROSS_BUILD_DIR)
+
+
+def setup_sdk():
+    sdkmanager = android_home / (
+        "cmdline-tools/latest/bin/sdkmanager"
+        + (".bat" if os.name == "nt" else "")
+    )
+
+    # Gradle will fail if it needs to install an SDK package whose license
+    # hasn't been accepted, so pre-accept all licenses.
+    if not all((android_home / "licenses" / path).exists() for path in [
+        "android-sdk-arm-dbt-license", "android-sdk-license"
+    ]):
+        run([sdkmanager, "--licenses"], text=True, input="y\n" * 100)
+
+    # Gradle may install this automatically, but we can't rely on that because
+    # we need to run adb within the logcat task.
+    if not adb.exists():
+        run([sdkmanager, "platform-tools"])
 
 
 # To avoid distributing compiled artifacts without corresponding source code,
 # the Gradle wrapper is not included in the CPython repository. Instead, we
 # extract it from the Gradle release.
-def setup_testbed(context):
+def setup_testbed():
+    if all((TESTBED_DIR / path).exists() for path in [
+        "gradlew", "gradlew.bat", "gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.jar",
+    ]):
+        return
+
     ver_long = "8.7.0"
     ver_short = ver_long.removesuffix(".0")
-    testbed_dir = CHECKOUT / "Android/testbed"
 
     for filename in ["gradlew", "gradlew.bat"]:
         out_path = download(
             f"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/gradle/gradle/v{ver_long}/{filename}",
-            testbed_dir)
+            TESTBED_DIR)
         os.chmod(out_path, 0o755)
 
     with TemporaryDirectory(prefix=SCRIPT_NAME) as temp_dir:
-        os.chdir(temp_dir)
         bin_zip = download(
-            f"https://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-{ver_short}-bin.zip")
+            f"https://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-{ver_short}-bin.zip",
+            temp_dir)
         outer_jar = f"gradle-{ver_short}/lib/plugins/gradle-wrapper-{ver_short}.jar"
-        run(["unzip", bin_zip, outer_jar])
-        run(["unzip", "-o", "-d", f"{testbed_dir}/gradle/wrapper", outer_jar,
-             "gradle-wrapper.jar"])
+        run(["unzip", "-d", temp_dir, bin_zip, outer_jar])
+        run(["unzip", "-o", "-d", f"{TESTBED_DIR}/gradle/wrapper",
+             f"{temp_dir}/{outer_jar}", "gradle-wrapper.jar"])
 
 
-def main():
+# run_testbed will build the app automatically, but it's useful to have this as
+# a separate command to allow running the app outside of this script.
+def build_testbed(context):
+    setup_sdk()
+    setup_testbed()
+    run(
+        [gradlew, "--console", "plain", "packageDebug", "packageDebugAndroidTest"],
+        cwd=TESTBED_DIR,
+    )
+
+
+# Work around a bug involving sys.exit and TaskGroups
+# (https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/101515).
+def exit(*args):
+    raise MySystemExit(*args)
+
+
+class MySystemExit(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+# The `test` subcommand runs all subprocesses through this context manager so
+# that no matter what happens, they can always be cancelled from another task,
+# and they will always be cleaned up on exit.
+@asynccontextmanager
+async def async_process(*args, **kwargs):
+    process = await asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(*args, **kwargs)
+    try:
+        yield process
+    finally:
+        if process.returncode is None:
+            # Allow a reasonably long time for Gradle to clean itself up,
+            # because we don't want stale emulators left behind.
+            timeout = 10
+            process.terminate()
+            try:
+                await wait_for(process.wait(), timeout)
+            except TimeoutError:
+                print(
+                    f"Command {args} did not terminate after {timeout} seconds "
+                    f" - sending SIGKILL"
+                )
+                process.kill()
+
+                # Even after killing the process we must still wait for it,
+                # otherwise we'll get the warning "Exception ignored in __del__".
+                await wait_for(process.wait(), timeout=1)
+
+
+async def async_check_output(*args, **kwargs):
+    async with async_process(
+        *args, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, **kwargs
+    ) as process:
+        stdout, stderr = await process.communicate()
+        if process.returncode == 0:
+            return stdout.decode(*DECODE_ARGS)
+        else:
+            raise CalledProcessError(
+                process.returncode, args,
+                stdout.decode(*DECODE_ARGS), stderr.decode(*DECODE_ARGS)
+            )
+
+
+# Return a list of the serial numbers of connected devices. Emulators will have
+# serials of the form "emulator-5678".
+async def list_devices():
+    serials = []
+    header_found = False
+
+    lines = (await async_check_output(adb, "devices")).splitlines()
+    for line in lines:
+        # Ignore blank lines, and all lines before the header.
+        line = line.strip()
+        if line == "List of devices attached":
+            header_found = True
+        elif header_found and line:
+            try:
+                serial, status = line.split()
+            except ValueError:
+                raise ValueError(f"failed to parse {line!r}")
+            if status == "device":
+                serials.append(serial)
+
+    if not header_found:
+        raise ValueError(f"failed to parse {lines}")
+    return serials
+
+
+async def find_device(context, initial_devices):
+    if context.managed:
+        print("Waiting for managed device - this may take several minutes")
+        while True:
+            new_devices = set(await list_devices()).difference(initial_devices)
+            if len(new_devices) == 0:
+                await asyncio.sleep(1)
+            elif len(new_devices) == 1:
+                serial = new_devices.pop()
+                print(f"Serial: {serial}")
+                return serial
+            else:
+                exit(f"Found more than one new device: {new_devices}")
+    else:
+        return context.connected
+
+
+# An older version of this script in #121595 filtered the logs by UID instead.
+# But logcat can't filter by UID until API level 31. If we ever switch back to
+# filtering by UID, we'll also have to filter by time so we only show messages
+# produced after the initial call to `stop_app`.
+#
+# We're more likely to miss the PID because it's shorter-lived, so there's a
+# workaround in PythonSuite.kt to stop it being *too* short-lived.
+async def find_pid(serial):
+    print("Waiting for app to start - this may take several minutes")
+    shown_error = False
+    while True:
+        try:
+            # `pidof` requires API level 24 or higher. The level 23 emulator
+            # includes it, but it doesn't work (it returns all processes).
+            pid = (await async_check_output(
+                adb, "-s", serial, "shell", "pidof", "-s", APP_ID
+            )).strip()
+        except CalledProcessError as e:
+            # If the app isn't running yet, pidof gives no output. So if there
+            # is output, there must have been some other error. However, this
+            # sometimes happens transiently, especially when running a managed
+            # emulator for the first time, so don't make it fatal.
+            if (e.stdout or e.stderr) and not shown_error:
+                print_called_process_error(e)
+                print("This may be transient, so continuing to wait")
+                shown_error = True
+        else:
+            # Some older devices (e.g. Nexus 4) return zero even when no process
+            # was found, so check whether we actually got any output.
+            if pid:
+                print(f"PID: {pid}")
+                return pid
+
+        # Loop fairly rapidly to avoid missing a short-lived process.
+        await asyncio.sleep(0.2)
+
+
+async def logcat_task(context, initial_devices):
+    # Gradle may need to do some large downloads of libraries and emulator
+    # images. This will happen during find_device in --managed mode, or find_pid
+    # in --connected mode.
+    startup_timeout = 600
+    serial = await wait_for(find_device(context, initial_devices), startup_timeout)
+    pid = await wait_for(find_pid(serial), startup_timeout)
+
+    # `--pid` requires API level 24 or higher.
+    args = [adb, "-s", serial, "logcat", "--pid", pid,  "--format", "tag"]
+    hidden_output = []
+    async with async_process(
+        *args, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT,
+    ) as process:
+        while line := (await process.stdout.readline()).decode(*DECODE_ARGS):
+            if match := re.fullmatch(r"([A-Z])/(.*)", line, re.DOTALL):
+                level, message = match.groups()
+            else:
+                # If the regex doesn't match, this is probably the second or
+                # subsequent line of a multi-line message. Python won't produce
+                # such messages, but other components might.
+                level, message = None, line
+
+            # Exclude high-volume messages which are rarely useful.
+            if context.verbose < 2 and "from python test_syslog" in message:
+                continue
+
+            # Put high-level messages on stderr so they're highlighted in the
+            # buildbot logs. This will include Python's own stderr.
+            stream = (
+                sys.stderr
+                if level in ["W", "E", "F"]  # WARNING, ERROR, FATAL (aka ASSERT)
+                else sys.stdout
+            )
+
+            # To simplify automated processing of the output, e.g. a buildbot
+            # posting a failure notice on a GitHub PR, we strip the level and
+            # tag indicators from Python's stdout and stderr.
+            for prefix in ["python.stdout: ", "python.stderr: "]:
+                if message.startswith(prefix):
+                    global logcat_started
+                    logcat_started = True
+                    stream.write(message.removeprefix(prefix))
+                    break
+            else:
+                if context.verbose:
+                    # Non-Python messages add a lot of noise, but they may
+                    # sometimes help explain a failure.
+                    stream.write(line)
+                else:
+                    hidden_output.append(line)
+
+        # If the device disconnects while logcat is running, which always
+        # happens in --managed mode, some versions of adb return non-zero.
+        # Distinguish this from a logcat startup error by checking whether we've
+        # received a message from Python yet.
+        status = await wait_for(process.wait(), timeout=1)
+        if status != 0 and not logcat_started:
+            raise CalledProcessError(status, args, "".join(hidden_output))
+
+
+def stop_app(serial):
+    run([adb, "-s", serial, "shell", "am", "force-stop", APP_ID], log=False)
+
+
+async def gradle_task(context):
+    env = os.environ.copy()
+    if context.managed:
+        task_prefix = context.managed
+    else:
+        task_prefix = "connected"
+        env["ANDROID_SERIAL"] = context.connected
+
+    args = [
+        gradlew, "--console", "plain", f"{task_prefix}DebugAndroidTest",
+        "-Pandroid.testInstrumentationRunnerArguments.pythonArgs="
+        + shlex.join(context.args),
+    ]
+    hidden_output = []
+    try:
+        async with async_process(
+            *args, cwd=TESTBED_DIR, env=env,
+            stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT,
+        ) as process:
+            while line := (await process.stdout.readline()).decode(*DECODE_ARGS):
+                # Gradle may take several minutes to install SDK packages, so
+                # it's worth showing those messages even in non-verbose mode.
+                if context.verbose or line.startswith('Preparing "Install'):
+                    sys.stdout.write(line)
+                else:
+                    hidden_output.append(line)
+
+            status = await wait_for(process.wait(), timeout=1)
+            if status == 0:
+                exit(0)
+            else:
+                raise CalledProcessError(status, args)
+    finally:
+        # If logcat never started, then something has gone badly wrong, so the
+        # user probably wants to see the Gradle output even in non-verbose mode.
+        if hidden_output and not logcat_started:
+            sys.stdout.write("".join(hidden_output))
+
+        # Gradle does not stop the tests when interrupted.
+        if context.connected:
+            stop_app(context.connected)
+
+
+async def run_testbed(context):
+    setup_sdk()
+    setup_testbed()
+
+    if context.managed:
+        # In this mode, Gradle will create a device with an unpredictable name.
+        # So we save a list of the running devices before starting Gradle, and
+        # find_device then waits for a new device to appear.
+        initial_devices = await list_devices()
+    else:
+        # In case the previous shutdown was unclean, make sure the app isn't
+        # running, otherwise we might show logs from a previous run. This is
+        # unnecessary in --managed mode, because Gradle creates a new emulator
+        # every time.
+        stop_app(context.connected)
+        initial_devices = None
+
+    try:
+        async with asyncio.TaskGroup() as tg:
+            tg.create_task(logcat_task(context, initial_devices))
+            tg.create_task(gradle_task(context))
+    except* MySystemExit as e:
+        raise SystemExit(*e.exceptions[0].args) from None
+    except* CalledProcessError as e:
+        # Extract it from the ExceptionGroup so it can be handled by `main`.
+        raise e.exceptions[0]
+
+
+# Handle SIGTERM the same way as SIGINT. This ensures that if we're terminated
+# by the buildbot worker, we'll make an attempt to clean up our subprocesses.
+def install_signal_handler():
+    def signal_handler(*args):
+        os.kill(os.getpid(), signal.SIGINT)
+
+    signal.signal(signal.SIGTERM, signal_handler)
+
+
+def parse_args():
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
     subcommands = parser.add_subparsers(dest="subcommand")
     build = subcommands.add_parser("build", help="Build everything")
@@ -206,8 +562,6 @@ def main():
                                        help="Run `make` for Android")
     subcommands.add_parser(
         "clean", help="Delete the cross-build directory")
-    subcommands.add_parser(
-        "setup-testbed", help="Download the testbed Gradle wrapper")
 
     for subcommand in build, configure_build, configure_host:
         subcommand.add_argument(
@@ -222,15 +576,74 @@ def main():
         subcommand.add_argument("args", nargs="*",
                                 help="Extra arguments to pass to `configure`")
 
-    context = parser.parse_args()
+    subcommands.add_parser(
+        "build-testbed", help="Build the testbed app")
+    test = subcommands.add_parser(
+        "test", help="Run the test suite")
+    test.add_argument(
+        "-v", "--verbose", action="count", default=0,
+        help="Show Gradle output, and non-Python logcat messages. "
+        "Use twice to include high-volume messages which are rarely useful.")
+    device_group = test.add_mutually_exclusive_group(required=True)
+    device_group.add_argument(
+        "--connected", metavar="SERIAL", help="Run on a connected device. "
+        "Connect it yourself, then get its serial from `adb devices`.")
+    device_group.add_argument(
+        "--managed", metavar="NAME", help="Run on a Gradle-managed device. "
+        "These are defined in `managedDevices` in testbed/app/build.gradle.kts.")
+    test.add_argument(
+        "args", nargs="*", help=f"Arguments for `python -m test`. "
+        f"Separate them from {SCRIPT_NAME}'s own arguments with `--`.")
+
+    return parser.parse_args()
+
+
+def main():
+    install_signal_handler()
+
+    # Under the buildbot, stdout is not a TTY, but we must still flush after
+    # every line to make sure our output appears in the correct order relative
+    # to the output of our subprocesses.
+    for stream in [sys.stdout, sys.stderr]:
+        stream.reconfigure(line_buffering=True)
+
+    context = parse_args()
     dispatch = {"configure-build": configure_build_python,
                 "make-build": make_build_python,
                 "configure-host": configure_host_python,
                 "make-host": make_host_python,
                 "build": build_all,
                 "clean": clean_all,
-                "setup-testbed": setup_testbed}
-    dispatch[context.subcommand](context)
+                "build-testbed": build_testbed,
+                "test": run_testbed}
+
+    try:
+        result = dispatch[context.subcommand](context)
+        if asyncio.iscoroutine(result):
+            asyncio.run(result)
+    except CalledProcessError as e:
+        print_called_process_error(e)
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+
+def print_called_process_error(e):
+    for stream_name in ["stdout", "stderr"]:
+        content = getattr(e, stream_name)
+        stream = getattr(sys, stream_name)
+        if content:
+            stream.write(content)
+            if not content.endswith("\n"):
+                stream.write("\n")
+
+    # Format the command so it can be copied into a shell. shlex uses single
+    # quotes, so we surround the whole command with double quotes.
+    args_joined = (
+        e.cmd if isinstance(e.cmd, str)
+        else " ".join(shlex.quote(str(arg)) for arg in e.cmd)
+    )
+    print(
+        f'Command "{args_joined}" returned exit status {e.returncode}'
+    )
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
diff --git a/Android/testbed/app/build.gradle.kts b/Android/testbed/app/build.gradle.kts
index 7690d3fd86b2fd..211b5bbfadf64d 100644
--- a/Android/testbed/app/build.gradle.kts
+++ b/Android/testbed/app/build.gradle.kts
@@ -1,18 +1,26 @@
 import com.android.build.api.variant.*
+import kotlin.math.max
 
 plugins {
     id("com.android.application")
     id("org.jetbrains.kotlin.android")
 }
 
-val PYTHON_DIR = File(projectDir, "../../..").canonicalPath
+val PYTHON_DIR = file("../../..").canonicalPath
 val PYTHON_CROSS_DIR = "$PYTHON_DIR/cross-build"
+
 val ABIS = mapOf(
     "arm64-v8a" to "aarch64-linux-android",
     "x86_64" to "x86_64-linux-android",
-)
+).filter { file("$PYTHON_CROSS_DIR/${it.value}").exists() }
+if (ABIS.isEmpty()) {
+    throw GradleException(
+        "No Android ABIs found in $PYTHON_CROSS_DIR: see Android/README.md " +
+        "for building instructions."
+    )
+}
 
-val PYTHON_VERSION = File("$PYTHON_DIR/Include/patchlevel.h").useLines {
+val PYTHON_VERSION = file("$PYTHON_DIR/Include/patchlevel.h").useLines {
     for (line in it) {
         val match = """#define PY_VERSION\s+"(\d+\.\d+)""".toRegex().find(line)
         if (match != null) {
@@ -24,22 +32,45 @@ val PYTHON_VERSION = File("$PYTHON_DIR/Include/patchlevel.h").useLines {
 
 
 android {
+    val androidEnvFile = file("../../android-env.sh").absoluteFile
+
     namespace = "org.python.testbed"
     compileSdk = 34
 
     defaultConfig {
         applicationId = "org.python.testbed"
-        minSdk = 21
+
+        minSdk = androidEnvFile.useLines {
+            for (line in it) {
+                """api_level:=(\d+)""".toRegex().find(line)?.let {
+                    return@useLines it.groupValues[1].toInt()
+                }
+            }
+            throw GradleException("Failed to find API level in $androidEnvFile")
+        }
         targetSdk = 34
+
         versionCode = 1
         versionName = "1.0"
 
         ndk.abiFilters.addAll(ABIS.keys)
         externalNativeBuild.cmake.arguments(
             "-DPYTHON_CROSS_DIR=$PYTHON_CROSS_DIR",
-            "-DPYTHON_VERSION=$PYTHON_VERSION")
+            "-DPYTHON_VERSION=$PYTHON_VERSION",
+            "-DANDROID_SUPPORT_FLEXIBLE_PAGE_SIZES=ON",
+        )
+
+        testInstrumentationRunner = "androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
     }
 
+    ndkVersion = androidEnvFile.useLines {
+        for (line in it) {
+            """ndk_version=(\S+)""".toRegex().find(line)?.let {
+                return@useLines it.groupValues[1]
+            }
+        }
+        throw GradleException("Failed to find NDK version in $androidEnvFile")
+    }
     externalNativeBuild.cmake {
         path("src/main/c/CMakeLists.txt")
     }
@@ -55,41 +86,81 @@ android {
     kotlinOptions {
         jvmTarget = "1.8"
     }
+
+    testOptions {
+        managedDevices {
+            localDevices {
+                create("minVersion") {
+                    device = "Small Phone"
+
+                    // Managed devices have a minimum API level of 27.
+                    apiLevel = max(27, defaultConfig.minSdk!!)
+
+                    // ATD devices are smaller and faster, but have a minimum
+                    // API level of 30.
+                    systemImageSource = if (apiLevel >= 30) "aosp-atd" else "aosp"
+                }
+
+                create("maxVersion") {
+                    device = "Small Phone"
+                    apiLevel = defaultConfig.targetSdk!!
+                    systemImageSource = "aosp-atd"
+                }
+            }
+
+            // If the previous test run succeeded and nothing has changed,
+            // Gradle thinks there's no need to run it again. Override that.
+            afterEvaluate {
+                (localDevices.names + listOf("connected")).forEach {
+                    tasks.named("${it}DebugAndroidTest") {
+                        outputs.upToDateWhen { false }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 dependencies {
     implementation("androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.6.1")
     implementation("com.google.android.material:material:1.11.0")
     implementation("androidx.constraintlayout:constraintlayout:2.1.4")
+    androidTestImplementation("androidx.test.ext:junit:1.1.5")
+    androidTestImplementation("androidx.test:rules:1.5.0")
 }
 
 
 // Create some custom tasks to copy Python and its standard library from
 // elsewhere in the repository.
 androidComponents.onVariants { variant ->
+    val pyPlusVer = "python$PYTHON_VERSION"
     generateTask(variant, variant.sources.assets!!) {
         into("python") {
-            for (triplet in ABIS.values) {
-                for (subDir in listOf("include", "lib")) {
-                    into(subDir) {
-                        from("$PYTHON_CROSS_DIR/$triplet/prefix/$subDir")
-                        include("python$PYTHON_VERSION/**")
-                        duplicatesStrategy = DuplicatesStrategy.EXCLUDE
-                    }
+            into("include/$pyPlusVer") {
+                for (triplet in ABIS.values) {
+                    from("$PYTHON_CROSS_DIR/$triplet/prefix/include/$pyPlusVer")
                 }
+                duplicatesStrategy = DuplicatesStrategy.EXCLUDE
             }
-            into("lib/python$PYTHON_VERSION") {
-                // Uncomment this to pick up edits from the source directory
-                // without having to rerun `make install`.
-                // from("$PYTHON_DIR/Lib")
-                // duplicatesStrategy = DuplicatesStrategy.INCLUDE
+
+            into("lib/$pyPlusVer") {
+                // To aid debugging, the source directory takes priority.
+                from("$PYTHON_DIR/Lib")
+
+                // The cross-build directory provides ABI-specific files such as
+                // sysconfigdata.
+                for (triplet in ABIS.values) {
+                    from("$PYTHON_CROSS_DIR/$triplet/prefix/lib/$pyPlusVer")
+                }
 
                 into("site-packages") {
                     from("$projectDir/src/main/python")
                 }
+
+                duplicatesStrategy = DuplicatesStrategy.EXCLUDE
+                exclude("**/__pycache__")
             }
         }
-        exclude("**/__pycache__")
     }
 
     generateTask(variant, variant.sources.jniLibs!!) {
diff --git a/Android/testbed/app/src/androidTest/java/org/python/testbed/PythonSuite.kt b/Android/testbed/app/src/androidTest/java/org/python/testbed/PythonSuite.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..0e888ab71d87da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Android/testbed/app/src/androidTest/java/org/python/testbed/PythonSuite.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+package org.python.testbed
+
+import androidx.test.annotation.UiThreadTest
+import androidx.test.platform.app.InstrumentationRegistry
+import androidx.test.ext.junit.runners.AndroidJUnit4
+
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+
+import org.junit.Assert.*
+
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
+class PythonSuite {
+    @Test
+    @UiThreadTest
+    fun testPython() {
+        val start = System.currentTimeMillis()
+        try {
+            val context =
+                InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().targetContext
+            val args =
+                InstrumentationRegistry.getArguments().getString("pythonArgs", "")
+            val status = PythonTestRunner(context).run(args)
+            assertEquals(0, status)
+        } finally {
+            // Make sure the process lives long enough for the test script to
+            // detect it (see `find_pid` in android.py).
+            val delay = 2000 - (System.currentTimeMillis() - start)
+            if (delay > 0) {
+                Thread.sleep(delay)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Android/testbed/app/src/main/c/main_activity.c b/Android/testbed/app/src/main/c/main_activity.c
index 73aba4164d000f..ec7f93a3e5ee13 100644
--- a/Android/testbed/app/src/main/c/main_activity.c
+++ b/Android/testbed/app/src/main/c/main_activity.c
@@ -34,9 +34,12 @@ typedef struct {
     int pipe[2];
 } StreamInfo;
 
+// The FILE member can't be initialized here because stdout and stderr are not
+// compile-time constants. Instead, it's initialized immediately before the
+// redirection.
 static StreamInfo STREAMS[] = {
-    {stdout, STDOUT_FILENO, ANDROID_LOG_INFO, "native.stdout", {-1, -1}},
-    {stderr, STDERR_FILENO, ANDROID_LOG_WARN, "native.stderr", {-1, -1}},
+    {NULL, STDOUT_FILENO, ANDROID_LOG_INFO, "native.stdout", {-1, -1}},
+    {NULL, STDERR_FILENO, ANDROID_LOG_WARN, "native.stderr", {-1, -1}},
     {NULL, -1, ANDROID_LOG_UNKNOWN, NULL, {-1, -1}},
 };
 
@@ -84,9 +87,11 @@ static char *redirect_stream(StreamInfo *si) {
     return 0;
 }
 
-JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_org_python_testbed_MainActivity_redirectStdioToLogcat(
+JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_org_python_testbed_PythonTestRunner_redirectStdioToLogcat(
     JNIEnv *env, jobject obj
 ) {
+    STREAMS[0].file = stdout;
+    STREAMS[1].file = stderr;
     for (StreamInfo *si = STREAMS; si->file; si++) {
         char *error_prefix;
         if ((error_prefix = redirect_stream(si))) {
@@ -100,7 +105,7 @@ JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_org_python_testbed_MainActivity_redirectStdioToLogca
 }
 
 
-// --- Python intialization ----------------------------------------------------
+// --- Python initialization ---------------------------------------------------
 
 static PyStatus set_config_string(
     JNIEnv *env, PyConfig *config, wchar_t **config_str, jstring value
@@ -115,7 +120,7 @@ static void throw_status(JNIEnv *env, PyStatus status) {
     throw_runtime_exception(env, status.err_msg ? status.err_msg : "");
 }
 
-JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_org_python_testbed_MainActivity_runPython(
+JNIEXPORT int JNICALL Java_org_python_testbed_PythonTestRunner_runPython(
     JNIEnv *env, jobject obj, jstring home, jstring runModule
 ) {
     PyConfig config;
@@ -125,13 +130,13 @@ JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_org_python_testbed_MainActivity_runPython(
     status = set_config_string(env, &config, &config.home, home);
     if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {
         throw_status(env, status);
-        return;
+        return 1;
     }
 
     status = set_config_string(env, &config, &config.run_module, runModule);
     if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {
         throw_status(env, status);
-        return;
+        return 1;
     }
 
     // Some tests generate SIGPIPE and SIGXFSZ, which should be ignored.
@@ -140,8 +145,8 @@ JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_org_python_testbed_MainActivity_runPython(
     status = Py_InitializeFromConfig(&config);
     if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {
         throw_status(env, status);
-        return;
+        return 1;
     }
 
-    Py_RunMain();
+    return Py_RunMain();
 }
diff --git a/Android/testbed/app/src/main/java/org/python/testbed/MainActivity.kt b/Android/testbed/app/src/main/java/org/python/testbed/MainActivity.kt
index 5a590d5d04e954..c4bf6cbe83d8cd 100644
--- a/Android/testbed/app/src/main/java/org/python/testbed/MainActivity.kt
+++ b/Android/testbed/app/src/main/java/org/python/testbed/MainActivity.kt
@@ -1,38 +1,56 @@
 package org.python.testbed
 
+import android.content.Context
 import android.os.*
 import android.system.Os
 import android.widget.TextView
 import androidx.appcompat.app.*
 import java.io.*
 
+
+// Launching the tests from an activity is OK for a quick check, but for
+// anything more complicated it'll be more convenient to use `android.py test`
+// to launch the tests via PythonSuite.
 class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
     override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
         setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)
+        val status = PythonTestRunner(this).run("-W -uall")
+        findViewById<TextView>(R.id.tvHello).text = "Exit status $status"
+    }
+}
+
+
+class PythonTestRunner(val context: Context) {
+    /** @param args Extra arguments for `python -m test`.
+     * @return The Python exit status: zero if the tests passed, nonzero if
+     * they failed. */
+    fun run(args: String = "") : Int {
+        Os.setenv("PYTHON_ARGS", args, true)
 
         // Python needs this variable to help it find the temporary directory,
         // but Android only sets it on API level 33 and later.
-        Os.setenv("TMPDIR", cacheDir.toString(), false)
+        Os.setenv("TMPDIR", context.cacheDir.toString(), false)
 
         val pythonHome = extractAssets()
         System.loadLibrary("main_activity")
         redirectStdioToLogcat()
-        runPython(pythonHome.toString(), "main")
-        findViewById<TextView>(R.id.tvHello).text = "Python complete"
+
+        // The main module is in src/main/python/main.py.
+        return runPython(pythonHome.toString(), "main")
     }
 
     private fun extractAssets() : File {
-        val pythonHome = File(filesDir, "python")
+        val pythonHome = File(context.filesDir, "python")
         if (pythonHome.exists() && !pythonHome.deleteRecursively()) {
             throw RuntimeException("Failed to delete $pythonHome")
         }
-        extractAssetDir("python", filesDir)
+        extractAssetDir("python", context.filesDir)
         return pythonHome
     }
 
     private fun extractAssetDir(path: String, targetDir: File) {
-        val names = assets.list(path)
+        val names = context.assets.list(path)
             ?: throw RuntimeException("Failed to list $path")
         val targetSubdir = File(targetDir, path)
         if (!targetSubdir.mkdirs()) {
@@ -43,7 +61,7 @@ class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
             val subPath = "$path/$name"
             val input: InputStream
             try {
-                input = assets.open(subPath)
+                input = context.assets.open(subPath)
             } catch (e: FileNotFoundException) {
                 extractAssetDir(subPath, targetDir)
                 continue
@@ -57,5 +75,5 @@ class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
     }
 
     private external fun redirectStdioToLogcat()
-    private external fun runPython(home: String, runModule: String)
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+    private external fun runPython(home: String, runModule: String) : Int
+}
diff --git a/Android/testbed/app/src/main/python/main.py b/Android/testbed/app/src/main/python/main.py
index a1b6def34ede81..d6941b14412fcc 100644
--- a/Android/testbed/app/src/main/python/main.py
+++ b/Android/testbed/app/src/main/python/main.py
@@ -1,17 +1,32 @@
+import os
 import runpy
+import shlex
 import signal
 import sys
 
 # Some tests use SIGUSR1, but that's blocked by default in an Android app in
-# order to make it available to `sigwait` in the "Signal Catcher" thread. That
-# thread's functionality is only relevant to the JVM ("forcing GC (no HPROF) and
-# profile save"), so disabling it should not weaken the tests.
+# order to make it available to `sigwait` in the Signal Catcher thread.
+# (https://cs.android.com/android/platform/superproject/+/android14-qpr3-release:art/runtime/signal_catcher.cc).
+# That thread's functionality is only useful for debugging the JVM, so disabling
+# it should not weaken the tests.
+#
+# There's no safe way of stopping the thread completely (#123982), but simply
+# unblocking SIGUSR1 is enough to fix most tests.
+#
+# However, in tests that generate multiple different signals in quick
+# succession, it's possible for SIGUSR1 to arrive while the main thread is busy
+# running the C-level handler for a different signal. In that case, the SIGUSR1
+# may be sent to the Signal Catcher thread instead, which will generate a log
+# message containing the text "reacting to signal".
+#
+# Such tests may need to be changed in one of the following ways:
+#   * Use a signal other than SIGUSR1 (e.g. test_stress_delivery_simultaneous in
+#     test_signal.py).
+#   * Send the signal to a specific thread rather than the whole process (e.g.
+#     test_signals in test_threadsignals.py.
 signal.pthread_sigmask(signal.SIG_UNBLOCK, [signal.SIGUSR1])
 
-# To run specific tests, or pass any other arguments to the test suite, edit
-# this command line.
-sys.argv[1:] = [
-    "--use", "all,-cpu",
-    "--verbose3",
-]
+sys.argv[1:] = shlex.split(os.environ["PYTHON_ARGS"])
+
+# The test module will call sys.exit to indicate whether the tests passed.
 runpy.run_module("test")
diff --git a/Android/testbed/build.gradle.kts b/Android/testbed/build.gradle.kts
index 53f4a67287fcc5..4d1d6f87594da3 100644
--- a/Android/testbed/build.gradle.kts
+++ b/Android/testbed/build.gradle.kts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // Top-level build file where you can add configuration options common to all sub-projects/modules.
 plugins {
-    id("com.android.application") version "8.2.2" apply false
+    id("com.android.application") version "8.6.1" apply false
     id("org.jetbrains.kotlin.android") version "1.9.22" apply false
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/Android/testbed/gradle.properties b/Android/testbed/gradle.properties
index 3c5031eb7d63f7..e9f345c8c26250 100644
--- a/Android/testbed/gradle.properties
+++ b/Android/testbed/gradle.properties
@@ -20,4 +20,9 @@ kotlin.code.style=official
 # Enables namespacing of each library's R class so that its R class includes only the
 # resources declared in the library itself and none from the library's dependencies,
 # thereby reducing the size of the R class for that library
-android.nonTransitiveRClass=true
\ No newline at end of file
+android.nonTransitiveRClass=true
+
+# By default, the app will be uninstalled after the tests finish (apparently
+# after 10 seconds in case of an unclean shutdown). We disable this, because
+# when using android.py it can conflict with the installation of the next run.
+android.injected.androidTest.leaveApksInstalledAfterRun=true
diff --git a/Android/testbed/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties b/Android/testbed/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties
index 2dc3339a3ef213..36529c896426b0 100644
--- a/Android/testbed/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties
+++ b/Android/testbed/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #Mon Feb 19 20:29:06 GMT 2024
 distributionBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME
 distributionPath=wrapper/dists
-distributionUrl=https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-8.2-bin.zip
+distributionUrl=https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-8.7-bin.zip
 zipStoreBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME
 zipStorePath=wrapper/dists
diff --git a/Doc/.ruff.toml b/Doc/.ruff.toml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..111ce03b91df38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Doc/.ruff.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+target-version = "py312"  # Align with the version in oldest_supported_sphinx
+fix = true
+output-format = "full"
+line-length = 79
+extend-exclude = [
+    "includes/*",
+    # Temporary exclusions:
+    "tools/extensions/pyspecific.py",
+]
+
+[lint]
+preview = true
+select = [
+    "C4",    # flake8-comprehensions
+    "B",     # flake8-bugbear
+    "E",     # pycodestyle
+    "F",     # pyflakes
+    "FA",    # flake8-future-annotations
+    "FLY",   # flynt
+    "FURB",  # refurb
+    "G",     # flake8-logging-format
+    "I",     # isort
+    "LOG",   # flake8-logging
+    "N",     # pep8-naming
+    "PERF",  # perflint
+    "PGH",   # pygrep-hooks
+    "PT",    # flake8-pytest-style
+    "TCH",   # flake8-type-checking
+    "UP",    # pyupgrade
+    "W",     # pycodestyle
+]
+ignore = [
+    "E501",  # Ignore line length errors (we use auto-formatting)
+]
+
+[format]
+preview = true
+quote-style = "preserve"
+docstring-code-format = true
+exclude = [
+    "tools/extensions/lexers/*",
+]
diff --git a/Doc/Makefile b/Doc/Makefile
index 1cbfc722b010f5..a090ee5ba92705 100644
--- a/Doc/Makefile
+++ b/Doc/Makefile
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 # You can set these variables from the command line.
 PYTHON       = python3
 VENVDIR      = ./venv
+UV           = uv
 SPHINXBUILD  = PATH=$(VENVDIR)/bin:$$PATH sphinx-build
 BLURB        = PATH=$(VENVDIR)/bin:$$PATH blurb
 JOBS         = auto
@@ -143,21 +144,17 @@ pydoc-topics: build
 
 .PHONY: gettext
 gettext: BUILDER = gettext
-gettext: SPHINXOPTS += '-d build/doctrees-gettext'
+gettext: SPHINXOPTS += -d build/doctrees-gettext
 gettext: build
 
 .PHONY: htmlview
 htmlview: html
 	$(PYTHON) -c "import os, webbrowser; webbrowser.open('file://' + os.path.realpath('build/html/index.html'))"
 
-.PHONY: ensure-sphinx-autobuild
-ensure-sphinx-autobuild: venv
-	$(VENVDIR)/bin/sphinx-autobuild --version > /dev/null || $(VENVDIR)/bin/python3 -m pip install sphinx-autobuild
-
 .PHONY: htmllive
-htmllive: SPHINXBUILD = $(VENVDIR)/bin/sphinx-autobuild
+htmllive: SPHINXBUILD = PATH=$(VENVDIR)/bin:$$PATH sphinx-autobuild
 htmllive: SPHINXOPTS = --re-ignore="/venv/" --open-browser --delay 0
-htmllive: ensure-sphinx-autobuild html
+htmllive: _ensure-sphinx-autobuild html
 
 .PHONY: clean
 clean: clean-venv
@@ -174,70 +171,125 @@ venv:
 		echo "To recreate it, remove it first with \`make clean-venv'."; \
 	else \
 		echo "Creating venv in $(VENVDIR)"; \
-		$(PYTHON) -m venv $(VENVDIR); \
-		$(VENVDIR)/bin/python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip; \
-		$(VENVDIR)/bin/python3 -m pip install -r $(REQUIREMENTS); \
+		if $(UV) --version >/dev/null 2>&1; then \
+			$(UV) venv $(VENVDIR); \
+			VIRTUAL_ENV=$(VENVDIR) $(UV) pip install -r $(REQUIREMENTS); \
+		else \
+			$(PYTHON) -m venv $(VENVDIR); \
+			$(VENVDIR)/bin/python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip; \
+			$(VENVDIR)/bin/python3 -m pip install -r $(REQUIREMENTS); \
+		fi; \
 		echo "The venv has been created in the $(VENVDIR) directory"; \
 	fi
 
+.PHONY: dist-no-html
+dist-no-html: dist-text dist-pdf dist-epub dist-texinfo
+
 .PHONY: dist
 dist:
 	rm -rf dist
 	mkdir -p dist
-
+	$(MAKE) dist-html
+	$(MAKE) dist-text
+	$(MAKE) dist-pdf
+	$(MAKE) dist-epub
+	$(MAKE) dist-texinfo
+
+.PHONY: dist-html
+dist-html:
 	# archive the HTML
-	make html
+	@echo "Building HTML..."
+	mkdir -p dist
+	rm -rf build/html
+	find dist -name 'python-$(DISTVERSION)-docs-html*' -exec rm -rf {} \;
+	$(MAKE) html
 	cp -pPR build/html dist/python-$(DISTVERSION)-docs-html
 	tar -C dist -cf dist/python-$(DISTVERSION)-docs-html.tar python-$(DISTVERSION)-docs-html
 	bzip2 -9 -k dist/python-$(DISTVERSION)-docs-html.tar
 	(cd dist; zip -q -r -9 python-$(DISTVERSION)-docs-html.zip python-$(DISTVERSION)-docs-html)
 	rm -r dist/python-$(DISTVERSION)-docs-html
 	rm dist/python-$(DISTVERSION)-docs-html.tar
+	@echo "Build finished and archived!"
 
+.PHONY: dist-text
+dist-text:
 	# archive the text build
-	make text
+	@echo "Building text..."
+	mkdir -p dist
+	rm -rf build/text
+	find dist -name 'python-$(DISTVERSION)-docs-text*' -exec rm -rf {} \;
+	$(MAKE) text
 	cp -pPR build/text dist/python-$(DISTVERSION)-docs-text
 	tar -C dist -cf dist/python-$(DISTVERSION)-docs-text.tar python-$(DISTVERSION)-docs-text
 	bzip2 -9 -k dist/python-$(DISTVERSION)-docs-text.tar
 	(cd dist; zip -q -r -9 python-$(DISTVERSION)-docs-text.zip python-$(DISTVERSION)-docs-text)
 	rm -r dist/python-$(DISTVERSION)-docs-text
 	rm dist/python-$(DISTVERSION)-docs-text.tar
+	@echo "Build finished and archived!"
 
+.PHONY: dist-pdf
+dist-pdf:
 	# archive the A4 latex
+	@echo "Building LaTeX (A4 paper)..."
+	mkdir -p dist
 	rm -rf build/latex
-	make latex PAPER=a4
-	-sed -i 's/makeindex/makeindex -q/' build/latex/Makefile
-	(cd build/latex; make clean && make all-pdf && make FMT=pdf zip bz2)
+	find dist -name 'python-$(DISTVERSION)-docs-pdf*' -exec rm -rf {} \;
+	$(MAKE) latex PAPER=a4
+	# remove zip & bz2 dependency on all-pdf,
+	# as otherwise the full latexmk process is run twice.
+	# ($$ is needed to escape the $; https://www.gnu.org/software/make/manual/make.html#Basics-of-Variable-References)
+	-sed -i 's/: all-$$(FMT)/:/' build/latex/Makefile
+	(cd build/latex; $(MAKE) clean && $(MAKE) --jobs=$$((`nproc`+1)) --output-sync LATEXMKOPTS='-quiet' all-pdf && $(MAKE) FMT=pdf zip bz2)
 	cp build/latex/docs-pdf.zip dist/python-$(DISTVERSION)-docs-pdf-a4.zip
 	cp build/latex/docs-pdf.tar.bz2 dist/python-$(DISTVERSION)-docs-pdf-a4.tar.bz2
+	@echo "Build finished and archived!"
 
-	# archive the letter latex
-	rm -rf build/latex
-	make latex PAPER=letter
-	-sed -i 's/makeindex/makeindex -q/' build/latex/Makefile
-	(cd build/latex; make clean && make all-pdf && make FMT=pdf zip bz2)
-	cp build/latex/docs-pdf.zip dist/python-$(DISTVERSION)-docs-pdf-letter.zip
-	cp build/latex/docs-pdf.tar.bz2 dist/python-$(DISTVERSION)-docs-pdf-letter.tar.bz2
-
+.PHONY: dist-epub
+dist-epub:
 	# copy the epub build
+	@echo "Building EPUB..."
+	mkdir -p dist
 	rm -rf build/epub
-	make epub
+	rm -f dist/python-$(DISTVERSION)-docs.epub
+	$(MAKE) epub
 	cp -pPR build/epub/Python.epub dist/python-$(DISTVERSION)-docs.epub
+	@echo "Build finished and archived!"
 
+.PHONY: dist-texinfo
+dist-texinfo:
 	# archive the texinfo build
+	@echo "Building Texinfo..."
+	mkdir -p dist
 	rm -rf build/texinfo
-	make texinfo
-	make info --directory=build/texinfo
+	find dist -name 'python-$(DISTVERSION)-docs-texinfo*' -exec rm -rf {} \;
+	$(MAKE) texinfo
+	$(MAKE) info --directory=build/texinfo
 	cp -pPR build/texinfo dist/python-$(DISTVERSION)-docs-texinfo
 	tar -C dist -cf dist/python-$(DISTVERSION)-docs-texinfo.tar python-$(DISTVERSION)-docs-texinfo
 	bzip2 -9 -k dist/python-$(DISTVERSION)-docs-texinfo.tar
 	(cd dist; zip -q -r -9 python-$(DISTVERSION)-docs-texinfo.zip python-$(DISTVERSION)-docs-texinfo)
 	rm -r dist/python-$(DISTVERSION)-docs-texinfo
 	rm dist/python-$(DISTVERSION)-docs-texinfo.tar
+	@echo "Build finished and archived!"
+
+.PHONY: _ensure-package
+_ensure-package: venv
+	if $(UV) --version >/dev/null 2>&1; then \
+		VIRTUAL_ENV=$(VENVDIR) $(UV) pip install $(PACKAGE); \
+	else \
+		$(VENVDIR)/bin/python3 -m pip install $(PACKAGE); \
+	fi
+
+.PHONY: _ensure-pre-commit
+_ensure-pre-commit:
+	$(MAKE) _ensure-package PACKAGE=pre-commit
+
+.PHONY: _ensure-sphinx-autobuild
+_ensure-sphinx-autobuild:
+	$(MAKE) _ensure-package PACKAGE=sphinx-autobuild
 
 .PHONY: check
-check: venv
-	$(VENVDIR)/bin/python3 -m pre_commit --version > /dev/null || $(VENVDIR)/bin/python3 -m pip install pre-commit
+check: _ensure-pre-commit
 	$(VENVDIR)/bin/python3 -m pre_commit run --all-files
 
 .PHONY: serve
@@ -253,13 +305,15 @@ serve:
 
 # for development releases: always build
 .PHONY: autobuild-dev
+autobuild-dev: DISTVERSION = $(shell $(PYTHON) tools/extensions/patchlevel.py --short)
 autobuild-dev:
-	make dist SPHINXOPTS='$(SPHINXOPTS) -Ea -A daily=1'
+	$(MAKE) dist-no-html SPHINXOPTS='$(SPHINXOPTS) -Ea -A daily=1' DISTVERSION=$(DISTVERSION)
 
-# for quick rebuilds (HTML only)
+# for HTML-only rebuilds
 .PHONY: autobuild-dev-html
+autobuild-dev-html: DISTVERSION = $(shell $(PYTHON) tools/extensions/patchlevel.py --short)
 autobuild-dev-html:
-	make html SPHINXOPTS='$(SPHINXOPTS) -Ea -A daily=1'
+	$(MAKE) dist-html SPHINXOPTS='$(SPHINXOPTS) -Ea -A daily=1' DISTVERSION=$(DISTVERSION)
 
 # for stable releases: only build if not in pre-release stage (alpha, beta)
 # release candidate downloads are okay, since the stable tree can be in that stage
@@ -269,7 +323,7 @@ autobuild-stable:
 		echo "Not building; $(DISTVERSION) is not a release version."; \
 		exit 1;; \
 	esac
-	@make autobuild-dev
+	@$(MAKE) autobuild-dev
 
 .PHONY: autobuild-stable-html
 autobuild-stable-html:
@@ -277,4 +331,4 @@ autobuild-stable-html:
 		echo "Not building; $(DISTVERSION) is not a release version."; \
 		exit 1;; \
 	esac
-	@make autobuild-dev-html
+	@$(MAKE) autobuild-dev-html
diff --git a/Doc/README.rst b/Doc/README.rst
index a3bb5fa5445c23..efcee0db428908 100644
--- a/Doc/README.rst
+++ b/Doc/README.rst
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ install the tools into there.
 Using make
 ----------
 
-To get started on UNIX, you can create a virtual environment and build
+To get started on Unix, you can create a virtual environment and build
 documentation with the commands::
 
   make venv
@@ -40,13 +40,13 @@ If you'd like to create the virtual environment in a different location,
 you can specify it using the ``VENVDIR`` variable.
 
 You can also skip creating the virtual environment altogether, in which case
-the Makefile will look for instances of ``sphinx-build`` and ``blurb``
+the ``Makefile`` will look for instances of ``sphinx-build`` and ``blurb``
 installed on your process ``PATH`` (configurable with the ``SPHINXBUILD`` and
 ``BLURB`` variables).
 
-On Windows, we try to emulate the Makefile as closely as possible with a
+On Windows, we try to emulate the ``Makefile`` as closely as possible with a
 ``make.bat`` file. If you need to specify the Python interpreter to use,
-set the PYTHON environment variable.
+set the ``PYTHON`` environment variable.
 
 Available make targets are:
 
@@ -62,15 +62,19 @@ Available make targets are:
 * "htmlview", which re-uses the "html" builder, but then opens the main page
   in your default web browser.
 
+* "htmllive", which re-uses the "html" builder, rebuilds the docs,
+  starts a local server, and automatically reloads the page in your browser
+  when you make changes to reST files (Unix only).
+
 * "htmlhelp", which builds HTML files and a HTML Help project file usable to
   convert them into a single Compiled HTML (.chm) file -- these are popular
   under Microsoft Windows, but very handy on every platform.
 
   To create the CHM file, you need to run the Microsoft HTML Help Workshop
-  over the generated project (.hhp) file.  The make.bat script does this for
+  over the generated project (.hhp) file.  The ``make.bat`` script does this for
   you on Windows.
 
-* "latex", which builds LaTeX source files as input to "pdflatex" to produce
+* "latex", which builds LaTeX source files as input to ``pdflatex`` to produce
   PDF documents.
 
 * "text", which builds a plain text file for each source file.
@@ -95,8 +99,6 @@ Available make targets are:
 
 * "check", which checks for frequent markup errors.
 
-* "serve", which serves the build/html directory on port 8000.
-
 * "dist", (Unix only) which creates distributable archives of HTML, text,
   PDF, and EPUB builds.
 
diff --git a/Doc/bugs.rst b/Doc/bugs.rst
index 9aff2f0ff5187d..5d0f68ca69675e 100644
--- a/Doc/bugs.rst
+++ b/Doc/bugs.rst
@@ -16,21 +16,16 @@ Documentation bugs
 ==================
 
 If you find a bug in this documentation or would like to propose an improvement,
-please submit a bug report on the :ref:`tracker <using-the-tracker>`.  If you
+please submit a bug report on the :ref:`issue tracker <using-the-tracker>`.  If you
 have a suggestion on how to fix it, include that as well.
 
 You can also open a discussion item on our
 `Documentation Discourse forum <https://discuss.python.org/c/documentation/26>`_.
 
 If you find a bug in the theme (HTML / CSS / JavaScript) of the
-documentation, please submit a bug report on the `python-doc-theme bug
+documentation, please submit a bug report on the `python-doc-theme issue
 tracker <https://github.com/python/python-docs-theme>`_.
 
-If you're short on time, you can also email documentation bug reports to
-docs@python.org (behavioral bugs can be sent to python-list@python.org).
-'docs@' is a mailing list run by volunteers; your request will be noticed,
-though it may take a while to be processed.
-
 .. seealso::
 
    `Documentation bugs`_
diff --git a/Doc/c-api/allocation.rst b/Doc/c-api/allocation.rst
index b3609c233156b6..0d53b18ea87d5e 100644
--- a/Doc/c-api/allocation.rst
+++ b/Doc/c-api/allocation.rst
@@ -54,12 +54,7 @@ Allocating Objects on the Heap
 
 .. c:function:: void PyObject_Del(void *op)
 
-   Releases memory allocated to an object using :c:macro:`PyObject_New` or
-   :c:macro:`PyObject_NewVar`.  This is normally called from the
-   :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dealloc` handler specified in the object's type.  The fields of
-   the object should not be accessed after this call as the memory is no
-   longer a valid Python object.
-
+   Same as :c:func:`PyObject_Free`.
 
 .. c:var:: PyObject _Py_NoneStruct
 
diff --git a/Doc/c-api/arg.rst b/Doc/c-api/arg.rst
index 834aae9372fe3b..3201bdc82691f4 100644
--- a/Doc/c-api/arg.rst
+++ b/Doc/c-api/arg.rst
@@ -280,10 +280,10 @@ Numbers
    length 1, to a C :c:expr:`int`.
 
 ``f`` (:class:`float`) [float]
-   Convert a Python floating point number to a C :c:expr:`float`.
+   Convert a Python floating-point number to a C :c:expr:`float`.
 
 ``d`` (:class:`float`) [double]
-   Convert a Python floating point number to a C :c:expr:`double`.
+   Convert a Python floating-point number to a C :c:expr:`double`.
 
 ``D`` (:class:`complex`) [Py_complex]
    Convert a Python complex number to a C :c:type:`Py_complex` structure.
@@ -642,10 +642,10 @@ Building values
       object of length 1.
 
    ``d`` (:class:`float`) [double]
-      Convert a C :c:expr:`double` to a Python floating point number.
+      Convert a C :c:expr:`double` to a Python floating-point number.
 
    ``f`` (:class:`float`) [float]
-      Convert a C :c:expr:`float` to a Python floating point number.
+      Convert a C :c:expr:`float` to a Python floating-point number.
 
    ``D`` (:class:`complex`) [Py_complex \*]
       Convert a C :c:type:`Py_complex` structure to a Python complex number.
diff --git a/Doc/c-api/buffer.rst b/Doc/c-api/buffer.rst
index 9500fe465c7d94..dc43a3d5fcb094 100644
--- a/Doc/c-api/buffer.rst
+++ b/Doc/c-api/buffer.rst
@@ -244,7 +244,6 @@ The following fields are not influenced by *flags* and must always be filled in
 with the correct values: :c:member:`~Py_buffer.obj`, :c:member:`~Py_buffer.buf`,
 :c:member:`~Py_buffer.len`, :c:member:`~Py_buffer.itemsize`, :c:member:`~Py_buffer.ndim`.
 
-
 readonly, format
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
@@ -253,7 +252,8 @@ readonly, format
       Controls the :c:member:`~Py_buffer.readonly` field. If set, the exporter
       MUST provide a writable buffer or else report failure. Otherwise, the
       exporter MAY provide either a read-only or writable buffer, but the choice
-      MUST be consistent for all consumers.
+      MUST be consistent for all consumers. For example, :c:expr:`PyBUF_SIMPLE | PyBUF_WRITABLE`
+      can be used to request a simple writable buffer.
 
    .. c:macro:: PyBUF_FORMAT
 
@@ -265,8 +265,9 @@ readonly, format
 Since :c:macro:`PyBUF_SIMPLE` is defined as 0, :c:macro:`PyBUF_WRITABLE`
 can be used as a stand-alone flag to request a simple writable buffer.
 
-:c:macro:`PyBUF_FORMAT` can be \|'d to any of the flags except :c:macro:`PyBUF_SIMPLE`.
-The latter already implies format ``B`` (unsigned bytes).
+:c:macro:`PyBUF_FORMAT` must be \|'d to any of the flags except :c:macro:`PyBUF_SIMPLE`, because
+the latter already implies format ``B`` (unsigned bytes). :c:macro:`!PyBUF_FORMAT` cannot be
+used on its own.
 
 
 shape, strides, suboffsets
diff --git a/Doc/c-api/bytearray.rst b/Doc/c-api/bytearray.rst
index 456f7d89bca03c..9045689a6be567 100644
--- a/Doc/c-api/bytearray.rst
+++ b/Doc/c-api/bytearray.rst
@@ -42,17 +42,22 @@ Direct API functions
    Return a new bytearray object from any object, *o*, that implements the
    :ref:`buffer protocol <bufferobjects>`.
 
+   On failure, return ``NULL`` with an exception set.
+
 
 .. c:function:: PyObject* PyByteArray_FromStringAndSize(const char *string, Py_ssize_t len)
 
-   Create a new bytearray object from *string* and its length, *len*.  On
-   failure, ``NULL`` is returned.
+   Create a new bytearray object from *string* and its length, *len*.
+
+   On failure, return ``NULL`` with an exception set.
 
 
 .. c:function:: PyObject* PyByteArray_Concat(PyObject *a, PyObject *b)
 
    Concat bytearrays *a* and *b* and return a new bytearray with the result.
 
+   On failure, return ``NULL`` with an exception set.
+
 
 .. c:function:: Py_ssize_t PyByteArray_Size(PyObject *bytearray)
 
diff --git a/Doc/c-api/bytes.rst b/Doc/c-api/bytes.rst
index bca78a9c369385..d47beee68eaa33 100644
--- a/Doc/c-api/bytes.rst
+++ b/Doc/c-api/bytes.rst
@@ -189,6 +189,24 @@ called with a non-bytes parameter.
    to *newpart* (i.e. decrements its reference count).
 
 
+.. c:function:: PyObject* PyBytes_Join(PyObject *sep, PyObject *iterable)
+
+   Similar to ``sep.join(iterable)`` in Python.
+
+   *sep* must be Python :class:`bytes` object.
+   (Note that :c:func:`PyUnicode_Join` accepts ``NULL`` separator and treats
+   it as a space, whereas :c:func:`PyBytes_Join` doesn't accept ``NULL``
+   separator.)
+
+   *iterable* must be an iterable object yielding objects that implement the
+   :ref:`buffer protocol <bufferobjects>`.
+
+   On success, return a new :class:`bytes` object.
+   On error, set an exception and return ``NULL``.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.14
+
+
 .. c:function:: int _PyBytes_Resize(PyObject **bytes, Py_ssize_t newsize)
 
    Resize a bytes object. *newsize* will be the new length of the bytes object.
diff --git a/Doc/c-api/cell.rst b/Doc/c-api/cell.rst
index f8cd0344fdd1c0..61eb994c370946 100644
--- a/Doc/c-api/cell.rst
+++ b/Doc/c-api/cell.rst
@@ -39,7 +39,8 @@ Cell objects are not likely to be useful elsewhere.
 
 .. c:function:: PyObject* PyCell_Get(PyObject *cell)
 
-   Return the contents of the cell *cell*.
+   Return the contents of the cell *cell*, which can be ``NULL``.
+   If *cell* is not a cell object, returns ``NULL`` with an exception set.
 
 
 .. c:function:: PyObject* PyCell_GET(PyObject *cell)
@@ -52,8 +53,10 @@ Cell objects are not likely to be useful elsewhere.
 
    Set the contents of the cell object *cell* to *value*.  This releases the
    reference to any current content of the cell. *value* may be ``NULL``.  *cell*
-   must be non-``NULL``; if it is not a cell object, ``-1`` will be returned.  On
-   success, ``0`` will be returned.
+   must be non-``NULL``.
+
+   On success, return ``0``.
+   If *cell* is not a cell object, set an exception and return ``-1``.
 
 
 .. c:function:: void PyCell_SET(PyObject *cell, PyObject *value)
diff --git a/Doc/c-api/code.rst b/Doc/c-api/code.rst
index 968c472219c643..6eae24b38fae48 100644
--- a/Doc/c-api/code.rst
+++ b/Doc/c-api/code.rst
@@ -32,11 +32,13 @@ bound into a function.
 
 .. c:function:: Py_ssize_t PyCode_GetNumFree(PyCodeObject *co)
 
-   Return the number of free variables in a code object.
+   Return the number of :term:`free (closure) variables <closure variable>`
+   in a code object.
 
 .. c:function:: int PyUnstable_Code_GetFirstFree(PyCodeObject *co)
 
-   Return the position of the first free variable in a code object.
+   Return the position of the first :term:`free (closure) variable <closure variable>`
+   in a code object.
 
    .. versionchanged:: 3.13
 
@@ -96,8 +98,8 @@ bound into a function.
     Return the line number of the instruction that occurs on or before ``byte_offset`` and ends after it.
     If you just need the line number of a frame, use :c:func:`PyFrame_GetLineNumber` instead.
 
-    For efficiently iterating over the line numbers in a code object, use `the API described in PEP 626
-    <https://peps.python.org/pep-0626/#out-of-process-debuggers-and-profilers>`_.
+    For efficiently iterating over the line numbers in a code object, use :pep:`the API described in PEP 626
+    <0626#out-of-process-debuggers-and-profilers>`.
 
 .. c:function:: int PyCode_Addr2Location(PyObject *co, int byte_offset, int *start_line, int *start_column, int *end_line, int *end_column)
 
@@ -144,7 +146,8 @@ bound into a function.
 
    Equivalent to the Python code ``getattr(co, 'co_freevars')``.
    Returns a new reference to a :c:type:`PyTupleObject` containing the names of
-   the free variables. On error, ``NULL`` is returned and an exception is raised.
+   the :term:`free (closure) variables <closure variable>`. On error, ``NULL`` is returned
+   and an exception is raised.
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.11
 
diff --git a/Doc/c-api/complex.rst b/Doc/c-api/complex.rst
index 5a0474869071d9..16bd79475dc1e6 100644
--- a/Doc/c-api/complex.rst
+++ b/Doc/c-api/complex.rst
@@ -25,12 +25,16 @@ pointers.  This is consistent throughout the API.
 
    The C structure which corresponds to the value portion of a Python complex
    number object.  Most of the functions for dealing with complex number objects
-   use structures of this type as input or output values, as appropriate.  It is
-   defined as::
+   use structures of this type as input or output values, as appropriate.
+
+   .. c:member:: double real
+                 double imag
+
+   The structure is defined as::
 
       typedef struct {
-         double real;
-         double imag;
+          double real;
+          double imag;
       } Py_complex;
 
 
@@ -75,6 +79,8 @@ pointers.  This is consistent throughout the API.
    If *num* is null and *exp* is not a positive real number,
    this method returns zero and sets :c:data:`errno` to :c:macro:`!EDOM`.
 
+   Set :c:data:`errno` to :c:macro:`!ERANGE` on overflows.
+
 
 Complex Numbers as Python Objects
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
@@ -106,11 +112,13 @@ Complex Numbers as Python Objects
 .. c:function:: PyObject* PyComplex_FromCComplex(Py_complex v)
 
    Create a new Python complex number object from a C :c:type:`Py_complex` value.
+   Return ``NULL`` with an exception set on error.
 
 
 .. c:function:: PyObject* PyComplex_FromDoubles(double real, double imag)
 
    Return a new :c:type:`PyComplexObject` object from *real* and *imag*.
+   Return ``NULL`` with an exception set on error.
 
 
 .. c:function:: double PyComplex_RealAsDouble(PyObject *op)
@@ -121,7 +129,9 @@ Complex Numbers as Python Objects
    :meth:`~object.__complex__` method, this method will first be called to
    convert *op* to a Python complex number object.  If :meth:`!__complex__` is
    not defined then it falls back to call :c:func:`PyFloat_AsDouble` and
-   returns its result.  Upon failure, this method returns ``-1.0``, so one
+   returns its result.
+
+   Upon failure, this method returns ``-1.0`` with an exception set, so one
    should call :c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` to check for errors.
 
    .. versionchanged:: 3.13
@@ -135,8 +145,10 @@ Complex Numbers as Python Objects
    :meth:`~object.__complex__` method, this method will first be called to
    convert *op* to a Python complex number object.  If :meth:`!__complex__` is
    not defined then it falls back to call :c:func:`PyFloat_AsDouble` and
-   returns ``0.0`` on success.  Upon failure, this method returns ``-1.0``, so
-   one should call :c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` to check for errors.
+   returns ``0.0`` on success.
+
+   Upon failure, this method returns ``-1.0`` with an exception set, so one
+   should call :c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` to check for errors.
 
    .. versionchanged:: 3.13
       Use :meth:`~object.__complex__` if available.
@@ -149,8 +161,11 @@ Complex Numbers as Python Objects
    method, this method will first be called to convert *op* to a Python complex
    number object.  If :meth:`!__complex__` is not defined then it falls back to
    :meth:`~object.__float__`.  If :meth:`!__float__` is not defined then it falls back
-   to :meth:`~object.__index__`.  Upon failure, this method returns ``-1.0`` as a real
-   value.
+   to :meth:`~object.__index__`.
+
+   Upon failure, this method returns :c:type:`Py_complex`
+   with :c:member:`~Py_complex.real` set to ``-1.0`` and with an exception set, so one
+   should call :c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` to check for errors.
 
    .. versionchanged:: 3.8
       Use :meth:`~object.__index__` if available.
diff --git a/Doc/c-api/contextvars.rst b/Doc/c-api/contextvars.rst
index fe7b8f93f2c6cf..b7c6550ff34aac 100644
--- a/Doc/c-api/contextvars.rst
+++ b/Doc/c-api/contextvars.rst
@@ -101,6 +101,52 @@ Context object management functions:
    current context for the current thread.  Returns ``0`` on success,
    and ``-1`` on error.
 
+.. c:function:: int PyContext_AddWatcher(PyContext_WatchCallback callback)
+
+   Register *callback* as a context object watcher for the current interpreter.
+   Return an ID which may be passed to :c:func:`PyContext_ClearWatcher`.
+   In case of error (e.g. no more watcher IDs available),
+   return ``-1`` and set an exception.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.14
+
+.. c:function:: int PyContext_ClearWatcher(int watcher_id)
+
+   Clear watcher identified by *watcher_id* previously returned from
+   :c:func:`PyContext_AddWatcher` for the current interpreter.
+   Return ``0`` on success, or ``-1`` and set an exception on error
+   (e.g. if the given *watcher_id* was never registered.)
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.14
+
+.. c:type:: PyContextEvent
+
+   Enumeration of possible context object watcher events:
+
+   - ``Py_CONTEXT_SWITCHED``: The :term:`current context` has switched to a
+     different context.  The object passed to the watch callback is the
+     now-current :class:`contextvars.Context` object, or None if no context is
+     current.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.14
+
+.. c:type:: int (*PyContext_WatchCallback)(PyContextEvent event, PyObject *obj)
+
+   Context object watcher callback function.  The object passed to the callback
+   is event-specific; see :c:type:`PyContextEvent` for details.
+
+   If the callback returns with an exception set, it must return ``-1``; this
+   exception will be printed as an unraisable exception using
+   :c:func:`PyErr_FormatUnraisable`. Otherwise it should return ``0``.
+
+   There may already be a pending exception set on entry to the callback. In
+   this case, the callback should return ``0`` with the same exception still
+   set. This means the callback may not call any other API that can set an
+   exception unless it saves and clears the exception state first, and restores
+   it before returning.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.14
+
 
 Context variable functions:
 
diff --git a/Doc/c-api/datetime.rst b/Doc/c-api/datetime.rst
index 97522da773477e..d2d4d5309c7098 100644
--- a/Doc/c-api/datetime.rst
+++ b/Doc/c-api/datetime.rst
@@ -318,10 +318,10 @@ Macros for the convenience of modules implementing the DB API:
 .. c:function:: PyObject* PyDateTime_FromTimestamp(PyObject *args)
 
    Create and return a new :class:`datetime.datetime` object given an argument
-   tuple suitable for passing to :meth:`datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp()`.
+   tuple suitable for passing to :meth:`datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp`.
 
 
 .. c:function:: PyObject* PyDate_FromTimestamp(PyObject *args)
 
    Create and return a new :class:`datetime.date` object given an argument
-   tuple suitable for passing to :meth:`datetime.date.fromtimestamp()`.
+   tuple suitable for passing to :meth:`datetime.date.fromtimestamp`.
diff --git a/Doc/c-api/dict.rst b/Doc/c-api/dict.rst
index 49a78583a6fe26..ce73fa0cc60ebb 100644
--- a/Doc/c-api/dict.rst
+++ b/Doc/c-api/dict.rst
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ Dictionary Objects
 
 .. c:function:: int PyDict_GetItemStringRef(PyObject *p, const char *key, PyObject **result)
 
-   Similar than :c:func:`PyDict_GetItemRef`, but *key* is specified as a
+   Similar to :c:func:`PyDict_GetItemRef`, but *key* is specified as a
    :c:expr:`const char*` UTF-8 encoded bytes string, rather than a
    :c:expr:`PyObject*`.
 
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ Dictionary Objects
      ``NULL``, and return ``0``.
    - On error, raise an exception and return ``-1``.
 
-   This is similar to :meth:`dict.pop`, but without the default value and
+   Similar to :meth:`dict.pop`, but without the default value and
    not raising :exc:`KeyError` if the key missing.
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.13
@@ -290,6 +290,17 @@ Dictionary Objects
           Py_DECREF(o);
       }
 
+   The function is not thread-safe in the :term:`free-threaded <free threading>`
+   build without external synchronization.  You can use
+   :c:macro:`Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION` to lock the dictionary while iterating
+   over it::
+
+      Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self->dict);
+      while (PyDict_Next(self->dict, &pos, &key, &value)) {
+          ...
+      }
+      Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+
 
 .. c:function:: int PyDict_Merge(PyObject *a, PyObject *b, int override)
 
diff --git a/Doc/c-api/exceptions.rst b/Doc/c-api/exceptions.rst
index 499bfb47cc4be5..fc2336d120c259 100644
--- a/Doc/c-api/exceptions.rst
+++ b/Doc/c-api/exceptions.rst
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ propagated, additional calls into the Python/C API may not behave as intended
 and may fail in mysterious ways.
 
 .. note::
-   The error indicator is **not** the result of :func:`sys.exc_info()`.
+   The error indicator is **not** the result of :func:`sys.exc_info`.
    The former corresponds to an exception that is not yet caught (and is
    therefore still propagating), while the latter returns an exception after
    it is caught (and has therefore stopped propagating).
@@ -733,7 +733,7 @@ Exception Classes
    This creates a class object derived from :exc:`Exception` (accessible in C as
    :c:data:`PyExc_Exception`).
 
-   The :attr:`!__module__` attribute of the new class is set to the first part (up
+   The :attr:`~type.__module__` attribute of the new class is set to the first part (up
    to the last dot) of the *name* argument, and the class name is set to the last
    part (after the last dot).  The *base* argument can be used to specify alternate
    base classes; it can either be only one class or a tuple of classes. The *dict*
@@ -1004,6 +1004,7 @@ the variables:
    single: PyExc_OverflowError (C var)
    single: PyExc_PermissionError (C var)
    single: PyExc_ProcessLookupError (C var)
+   single: PyExc_PythonFinalizationError (C var)
    single: PyExc_RecursionError (C var)
    single: PyExc_ReferenceError (C var)
    single: PyExc_RuntimeError (C var)
@@ -1096,6 +1097,8 @@ the variables:
 +-----------------------------------------+---------------------------------+----------+
 | :c:data:`PyExc_ProcessLookupError`      | :exc:`ProcessLookupError`       |          |
 +-----------------------------------------+---------------------------------+----------+
+| :c:data:`PyExc_PythonFinalizationError` | :exc:`PythonFinalizationError`  |          |
++-----------------------------------------+---------------------------------+----------+
 | :c:data:`PyExc_RecursionError`          | :exc:`RecursionError`           |          |
 +-----------------------------------------+---------------------------------+----------+
 | :c:data:`PyExc_ReferenceError`          | :exc:`ReferenceError`           |          |
diff --git a/Doc/c-api/float.rst b/Doc/c-api/float.rst
index 4f6ac0d8175c6b..1da37a5bcaeef9 100644
--- a/Doc/c-api/float.rst
+++ b/Doc/c-api/float.rst
@@ -2,20 +2,20 @@
 
 .. _floatobjects:
 
-Floating Point Objects
+Floating-Point Objects
 ======================
 
-.. index:: pair: object; floating point
+.. index:: pair: object; floating-point
 
 
 .. c:type:: PyFloatObject
 
-   This subtype of :c:type:`PyObject` represents a Python floating point object.
+   This subtype of :c:type:`PyObject` represents a Python floating-point object.
 
 
 .. c:var:: PyTypeObject PyFloat_Type
 
-   This instance of :c:type:`PyTypeObject` represents the Python floating point
+   This instance of :c:type:`PyTypeObject` represents the Python floating-point
    type.  This is the same object as :class:`float` in the Python layer.
 
 
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ Floating Point Objects
 .. c:function:: double PyFloat_AsDouble(PyObject *pyfloat)
 
    Return a C :c:expr:`double` representation of the contents of *pyfloat*.  If
-   *pyfloat* is not a Python floating point object but has a :meth:`~object.__float__`
+   *pyfloat* is not a Python floating-point object but has a :meth:`~object.__float__`
    method, this method will first be called to convert *pyfloat* into a float.
    If :meth:`!__float__` is not defined then it falls back to :meth:`~object.__index__`.
    This method returns ``-1.0`` upon failure, so one should call
diff --git a/Doc/c-api/hash.rst b/Doc/c-api/hash.rst
index 7345a048a4128b..00f8cb887dc7eb 100644
--- a/Doc/c-api/hash.rst
+++ b/Doc/c-api/hash.rst
@@ -89,6 +89,25 @@ See also the :c:member:`PyTypeObject.tp_hash` member and :ref:`numeric-hash`.
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.13
 
+
+.. c:function:: Py_hash_t Py_HashBuffer(const void *ptr, Py_ssize_t len)
+
+   Compute and return the hash value of a buffer of *len* bytes
+   starting at address *ptr*. The hash is guaranteed to match that of
+   :class:`bytes`, :class:`memoryview`, and other built-in objects
+   that implement the :ref:`buffer protocol <bufferobjects>`.
+
+   Use this function to implement hashing for immutable objects whose
+   :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_richcompare` function compares to another
+   object's buffer.
+
+   *len* must be greater than or equal to ``0``.
+
+   This function always succeeds.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.14
+
+
 .. c:function:: Py_hash_t PyObject_GenericHash(PyObject *obj)
 
    Generic hashing function that is meant to be put into a type
diff --git a/Doc/c-api/import.rst b/Doc/c-api/import.rst
index 1054b38cb92f7d..6e48644c8fef8b 100644
--- a/Doc/c-api/import.rst
+++ b/Doc/c-api/import.rst
@@ -136,14 +136,14 @@ Importing Modules
    such modules have no way to know that the module object is an unknown (and
    probably damaged with respect to the module author's intents) state.
 
-   The module's :attr:`__spec__` and :attr:`__loader__` will be set, if
-   not set already, with the appropriate values.  The spec's loader will
-   be set to the module's ``__loader__`` (if set) and to an instance of
-   :class:`~importlib.machinery.SourceFileLoader` otherwise.
+   The module's :attr:`~module.__spec__` and :attr:`~module.__loader__` will be
+   set, if not set already, with the appropriate values.  The spec's loader
+   will be set to the module's :attr:`!__loader__` (if set) and to an instance
+   of :class:`~importlib.machinery.SourceFileLoader` otherwise.
 
-   The module's :attr:`__file__` attribute will be set to the code object's
-   :attr:`~codeobject.co_filename`.  If applicable, :attr:`__cached__` will also
-   be set.
+   The module's :attr:`~module.__file__` attribute will be set to the code
+   object's :attr:`~codeobject.co_filename`.  If applicable,
+   :attr:`~module.__cached__` will also be set.
 
    This function will reload the module if it was already imported.  See
    :c:func:`PyImport_ReloadModule` for the intended way to reload a module.
@@ -155,29 +155,29 @@ Importing Modules
    :c:func:`PyImport_ExecCodeModuleWithPathnames`.
 
    .. versionchanged:: 3.12
-      The setting of :attr:`__cached__` and :attr:`__loader__` is
-      deprecated. See :class:`~importlib.machinery.ModuleSpec` for
+      The setting of :attr:`~module.__cached__` and :attr:`~module.__loader__`
+      is deprecated. See :class:`~importlib.machinery.ModuleSpec` for
       alternatives.
 
 
 .. c:function:: PyObject* PyImport_ExecCodeModuleEx(const char *name, PyObject *co, const char *pathname)
 
-   Like :c:func:`PyImport_ExecCodeModule`, but the :attr:`__file__` attribute of
-   the module object is set to *pathname* if it is non-``NULL``.
+   Like :c:func:`PyImport_ExecCodeModule`, but the :attr:`~module.__file__`
+   attribute of the module object is set to *pathname* if it is non-``NULL``.
 
    See also :c:func:`PyImport_ExecCodeModuleWithPathnames`.
 
 
 .. c:function:: PyObject* PyImport_ExecCodeModuleObject(PyObject *name, PyObject *co, PyObject *pathname, PyObject *cpathname)
 
-   Like :c:func:`PyImport_ExecCodeModuleEx`, but the :attr:`__cached__`
+   Like :c:func:`PyImport_ExecCodeModuleEx`, but the :attr:`~module.__cached__`
    attribute of the module object is set to *cpathname* if it is
    non-``NULL``.  Of the three functions, this is the preferred one to use.
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.3
 
    .. versionchanged:: 3.12
-      Setting :attr:`__cached__` is deprecated. See
+      Setting :attr:`~module.__cached__` is deprecated. See
       :class:`~importlib.machinery.ModuleSpec` for alternatives.
 
 
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ Importing Modules
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.2
    .. versionchanged:: 3.3
-      Uses :func:`!imp.source_from_cache()` in calculating the source path if
+      Uses :func:`!imp.source_from_cache` in calculating the source path if
       only the bytecode path is provided.
    .. versionchanged:: 3.12
       No longer uses the removed :mod:`!imp` module.
diff --git a/Doc/c-api/init.rst b/Doc/c-api/init.rst
index 9e118d4f36145f..6e881590131cab 100644
--- a/Doc/c-api/init.rst
+++ b/Doc/c-api/init.rst
@@ -7,7 +7,8 @@
 Initialization, Finalization, and Threads
 *****************************************
 
-See also :ref:`Python Initialization Configuration <init-config>`.
+See :ref:`Python Initialization Configuration <init-config>` for details
+on how to configure the interpreter prior to initialization.
 
 .. _pre-init-safe:
 
@@ -21,6 +22,15 @@ a few functions and the :ref:`global configuration variables
 
 The following functions can be safely called before Python is initialized:
 
+* Functions that initialize the interpreter:
+
+  * :c:func:`Py_Initialize`
+  * :c:func:`Py_InitializeEx`
+  * :c:func:`Py_InitializeFromConfig`
+  * :c:func:`Py_BytesMain`
+  * :c:func:`Py_Main`
+  * the runtime pre-initialization functions covered in :ref:`init-config`
+
 * Configuration functions:
 
   * :c:func:`PyImport_AppendInittab`
@@ -32,6 +42,7 @@ The following functions can be safely called before Python is initialized:
   * :c:func:`Py_SetProgramName`
   * :c:func:`Py_SetPythonHome`
   * :c:func:`PySys_ResetWarnOptions`
+  * the configuration functions covered in :ref:`init-config`
 
 * Informative functions:
 
@@ -43,10 +54,12 @@ The following functions can be safely called before Python is initialized:
   * :c:func:`Py_GetCopyright`
   * :c:func:`Py_GetPlatform`
   * :c:func:`Py_GetVersion`
+  * :c:func:`Py_IsInitialized`
 
 * Utilities:
 
   * :c:func:`Py_DecodeLocale`
+  * the status reporting and utility functions covered in :ref:`init-config`
 
 * Memory allocators:
 
@@ -55,13 +68,20 @@ The following functions can be safely called before Python is initialized:
   * :c:func:`PyMem_RawCalloc`
   * :c:func:`PyMem_RawFree`
 
+* Synchronization:
+
+  * :c:func:`PyMutex_Lock`
+  * :c:func:`PyMutex_Unlock`
+
 .. note::
 
-   The following functions **should not be called** before
-   :c:func:`Py_Initialize`: :c:func:`Py_EncodeLocale`, :c:func:`Py_GetPath`,
+   Despite their apparent similarity to some of the functions listed above,
+   the following functions **should not be called** before the interpreter has
+   been initialized: :c:func:`Py_EncodeLocale`, :c:func:`Py_GetPath`,
    :c:func:`Py_GetPrefix`, :c:func:`Py_GetExecPrefix`,
    :c:func:`Py_GetProgramFullPath`, :c:func:`Py_GetPythonHome`,
-   :c:func:`Py_GetProgramName` and :c:func:`PyEval_InitThreads`.
+   :c:func:`Py_GetProgramName`, :c:func:`PyEval_InitThreads`, and
+   :c:func:`Py_RunMain`.
 
 
 .. _global-conf-vars:
@@ -341,34 +361,42 @@ Initializing and finalizing the interpreter
    this should be called before using any other Python/C API functions; see
    :ref:`Before Python Initialization <pre-init-safe>` for the few exceptions.
 
-   This initializes
-   the table of loaded modules (``sys.modules``), and creates the fundamental
-   modules :mod:`builtins`, :mod:`__main__` and :mod:`sys`.  It also initializes
-   the module search path (``sys.path``). It does not set ``sys.argv``; use
-   the new :c:type:`PyConfig` API of the :ref:`Python Initialization
-   Configuration <init-config>` for that.  This is a no-op when called for a
-   second time
-   (without calling :c:func:`Py_FinalizeEx` first).  There is no return value; it is a
-   fatal error if the initialization fails.
-
-   Use the :c:func:`Py_InitializeFromConfig` function to customize the
+   This initializes the table of loaded modules (``sys.modules``), and creates
+   the fundamental modules :mod:`builtins`, :mod:`__main__` and :mod:`sys`.
+   It also initializes the module search path (``sys.path``). It does not set
+   ``sys.argv``; use the :ref:`Python Initialization Configuration <init-config>`
+   API for that. This is a no-op when called for a second time (without calling
+   :c:func:`Py_FinalizeEx` first).  There is no return value; it is a fatal
+   error if the initialization fails.
+
+   Use :c:func:`Py_InitializeFromConfig` to customize the
    :ref:`Python Initialization Configuration <init-config>`.
 
    .. note::
-      On Windows, changes the console mode from ``O_TEXT`` to ``O_BINARY``, which will
-      also affect non-Python uses of the console using the C Runtime.
+      On Windows, changes the console mode from ``O_TEXT`` to ``O_BINARY``,
+      which will also affect non-Python uses of the console using the C Runtime.
 
 
 .. c:function:: void Py_InitializeEx(int initsigs)
 
    This function works like :c:func:`Py_Initialize` if *initsigs* is ``1``. If
-   *initsigs* is ``0``, it skips initialization registration of signal handlers, which
-   might be useful when Python is embedded.
+   *initsigs* is ``0``, it skips initialization registration of signal handlers,
+   which may be useful when CPython is embedded as part of a larger application.
 
-   Use the :c:func:`Py_InitializeFromConfig` function to customize the
+   Use :c:func:`Py_InitializeFromConfig` to customize the
    :ref:`Python Initialization Configuration <init-config>`.
 
 
+.. c:function:: PyStatus Py_InitializeFromConfig(const PyConfig *config)
+
+   Initialize Python from *config* configuration, as described in
+   :ref:`init-from-config`.
+
+   See the :ref:`init-config` section for details on pre-initializing the
+   interpreter, populating the runtime configuration structure, and querying
+   the returned status structure.
+
+
 .. c:function:: int Py_IsInitialized()
 
    Return true (nonzero) when the Python interpreter has been initialized, false
@@ -389,11 +417,23 @@ Initializing and finalizing the interpreter
    Undo all initializations made by :c:func:`Py_Initialize` and subsequent use of
    Python/C API functions, and destroy all sub-interpreters (see
    :c:func:`Py_NewInterpreter` below) that were created and not yet destroyed since
-   the last call to :c:func:`Py_Initialize`.  Ideally, this frees all memory
-   allocated by the Python interpreter.  This is a no-op when called for a second
-   time (without calling :c:func:`Py_Initialize` again first).  Normally the
-   return value is ``0``.  If there were errors during finalization
-   (flushing buffered data), ``-1`` is returned.
+   the last call to :c:func:`Py_Initialize`.  This is a no-op when called for a second
+   time (without calling :c:func:`Py_Initialize` again first).
+
+   Since this is the reverse of :c:func:`Py_Initialize`, it should be called
+   in the same thread with the same interpreter active.  That means
+   the main thread and the main interpreter.
+   This should never be called while :c:func:`Py_RunMain` is running.
+
+   Normally the return value is ``0``.
+   If there were errors during finalization (flushing buffered data),
+   ``-1`` is returned.
+
+   Note that Python will do a best effort at freeing all memory allocated by the Python
+   interpreter.  Therefore, any C-Extension should make sure to correctly clean up all
+   of the preveiously allocated PyObjects before using them in subsequent calls to
+   :c:func:`Py_Initialize`.  Otherwise it could introduce vulnerabilities and incorrect
+   behavior.
 
    This function is provided for a number of reasons.  An embedding application
    might want to restart Python without having to restart the application itself.
@@ -409,21 +449,125 @@ Initializing and finalizing the interpreter
    loaded extension modules loaded by Python are not unloaded.  Small amounts of
    memory allocated by the Python interpreter may not be freed (if you find a leak,
    please report it).  Memory tied up in circular references between objects is not
-   freed.  Some memory allocated by extension modules may not be freed.  Some
-   extensions may not work properly if their initialization routine is called more
-   than once; this can happen if an application calls :c:func:`Py_Initialize` and
-   :c:func:`Py_FinalizeEx` more than once.
+   freed.  Interned strings will all be deallocated regardless of their reference count.
+   Some memory allocated by extension modules may not be freed.  Some extensions may not
+   work properly if their initialization routine is called more than once; this can
+   happen if an application calls :c:func:`Py_Initialize` and :c:func:`Py_FinalizeEx`
+   more than once.  :c:func:`Py_FinalizeEx` must not be called recursively from
+   within itself.  Therefore, it must not be called by any code that may be run
+   as part of the interpreter shutdown process, such as :py:mod:`atexit`
+   handlers, object finalizers, or any code that may be run while flushing the
+   stdout and stderr files.
 
    .. audit-event:: cpython._PySys_ClearAuditHooks "" c.Py_FinalizeEx
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.6
 
+
 .. c:function:: void Py_Finalize()
 
    This is a backwards-compatible version of :c:func:`Py_FinalizeEx` that
    disregards the return value.
 
 
+.. c:function:: int Py_BytesMain(int argc, char **argv)
+
+   Similar to :c:func:`Py_Main` but *argv* is an array of bytes strings,
+   allowing the calling application to delegate the text decoding step to
+   the CPython runtime.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.8
+
+
+.. c:function:: int Py_Main(int argc, wchar_t **argv)
+
+   The main program for the standard interpreter, encapsulating a full
+   initialization/finalization cycle, as well as additional
+   behaviour to implement reading configurations settings from the environment
+   and command line, and then executing ``__main__`` in accordance with
+   :ref:`using-on-cmdline`.
+
+   This is made available for programs which wish to support the full CPython
+   command line interface, rather than just embedding a Python runtime in a
+   larger application.
+
+   The *argc* and *argv* parameters are similar to those which are passed to a
+   C program's :c:func:`main` function, except that the *argv* entries are first
+   converted to ``wchar_t`` using :c:func:`Py_DecodeLocale`. It is also
+   important to note that the argument list entries may be modified to point to
+   strings other than those passed in (however, the contents of the strings
+   pointed to by the argument list are not modified).
+
+   The return value will be ``0`` if the interpreter exits normally (i.e.,
+   without an exception), ``1`` if the interpreter exits due to an exception,
+   or ``2`` if the argument list does not represent a valid Python command
+   line.
+
+   Note that if an otherwise unhandled :exc:`SystemExit` is raised, this
+   function will not return ``1``, but exit the process, as long as
+   ``Py_InspectFlag`` is not set. If ``Py_InspectFlag`` is set, execution will
+   drop into the interactive Python prompt, at which point a second otherwise
+   unhandled :exc:`SystemExit` will still exit the process, while any other
+   means of exiting will set the return value as described above.
+
+   In terms of the CPython runtime configuration APIs documented in the
+   :ref:`runtime configuration <init-config>` section (and without accounting
+   for error handling), ``Py_Main`` is approximately equivalent to::
+
+      PyConfig config;
+      PyConfig_InitPythonConfig(&config);
+      PyConfig_SetArgv(&config, argc, argv);
+      Py_InitializeFromConfig(&config);
+      PyConfig_Clear(&config);
+
+      Py_RunMain();
+
+   In normal usage, an embedding application will call this function
+   *instead* of calling :c:func:`Py_Initialize`, :c:func:`Py_InitializeEx` or
+   :c:func:`Py_InitializeFromConfig` directly, and all settings will be applied
+   as described elsewhere in this documentation. If this function is instead
+   called *after* a preceding runtime initialization API call, then exactly
+   which environmental and command line configuration settings will be updated
+   is version dependent (as it depends on which settings correctly support
+   being modified after they have already been set once when the runtime was
+   first initialized).
+
+
+.. c:function:: int Py_RunMain(void)
+
+   Executes the main module in a fully configured CPython runtime.
+
+   Executes the command (:c:member:`PyConfig.run_command`), the script
+   (:c:member:`PyConfig.run_filename`) or the module
+   (:c:member:`PyConfig.run_module`) specified on the command line or in the
+   configuration. If none of these values are set, runs the interactive Python
+   prompt (REPL) using the ``__main__`` module's global namespace.
+
+   If :c:member:`PyConfig.inspect` is not set (the default), the return value
+   will be ``0`` if the interpreter exits normally (that is, without raising
+   an exception), or ``1`` if the interpreter exits due to an exception. If an
+   otherwise unhandled :exc:`SystemExit` is raised, the function will immediately
+   exit the process instead of returning ``1``.
+
+   If :c:member:`PyConfig.inspect` is set (such as when the :option:`-i` option
+   is used), rather than returning when the interpreter exits, execution will
+   instead resume in an interactive Python prompt (REPL) using the ``__main__``
+   module's global namespace. If the interpreter exited with an exception, it
+   is immediately raised in the REPL session. The function return value is
+   then determined by the way the *REPL session* terminates: returning ``0``
+   if the session terminates without raising an unhandled exception, exiting
+   immediately for an unhandled :exc:`SystemExit`, and returning ``1`` for
+   any other unhandled exception.
+
+   This function always finalizes the Python interpreter regardless of whether
+   it returns a value or immediately exits the process due to an unhandled
+   :exc:`SystemExit` exception.
+
+   See :ref:`Python Configuration <init-python-config>` for an example of a
+   customized Python that always runs in isolated mode using
+   :c:func:`Py_RunMain`.
+
+
 Process-wide parameters
 =======================
 
@@ -481,7 +625,7 @@ Process-wide parameters
    returned string points into static storage; the caller should not modify its
    value.  This corresponds to the :makevar:`prefix` variable in the top-level
    :file:`Makefile` and the :option:`--prefix` argument to the :program:`configure`
-   script at build time.  The value is available to Python code as ``sys.prefix``.
+   script at build time.  The value is available to Python code as ``sys.base_prefix``.
    It is only useful on Unix.  See also the next function.
 
    This function should not be called before :c:func:`Py_Initialize`, otherwise
@@ -491,7 +635,8 @@ Process-wide parameters
       It now returns ``NULL`` if called before :c:func:`Py_Initialize`.
 
    .. deprecated-removed:: 3.13 3.15
-      Get :data:`sys.prefix` instead.
+      Get :data:`sys.base_prefix` instead, or :data:`sys.prefix` if
+      :ref:`virtual environments <venv-def>` need to be handled.
 
 
 .. c:function:: wchar_t* Py_GetExecPrefix()
@@ -504,7 +649,8 @@ Process-wide parameters
    should not modify its value.  This corresponds to the :makevar:`exec_prefix`
    variable in the top-level :file:`Makefile` and the ``--exec-prefix``
    argument to the :program:`configure` script at build  time.  The value is
-   available to Python code as ``sys.exec_prefix``.  It is only useful on Unix.
+   available to Python code as ``sys.base_exec_prefix``.  It is only useful on
+   Unix.
 
    Background: The exec-prefix differs from the prefix when platform dependent
    files (such as executables and shared libraries) are installed in a different
@@ -535,7 +681,8 @@ Process-wide parameters
       It now returns ``NULL`` if called before :c:func:`Py_Initialize`.
 
    .. deprecated-removed:: 3.13 3.15
-      Get :data:`sys.exec_prefix` instead.
+      Get :data:`sys.base_exec_prefix` instead, or :data:`sys.exec_prefix` if
+      :ref:`virtual environments <venv-def>` need to be handled.
 
 
 .. c:function:: wchar_t* Py_GetProgramFullPath()
@@ -942,6 +1089,37 @@ thread, where the CPython global runtime was originally initialized.
 The only exception is if :c:func:`exec` will be called immediately
 after.
 
+.. _cautions-regarding-runtime-finalization:
+
+Cautions regarding runtime finalization
+---------------------------------------
+
+In the late stage of :term:`interpreter shutdown`, after attempting to wait for
+non-daemon threads to exit (though this can be interrupted by
+:class:`KeyboardInterrupt`) and running the :mod:`atexit` functions, the runtime
+is marked as *finalizing*: :c:func:`_Py_IsFinalizing` and
+:func:`sys.is_finalizing` return true.  At this point, only the *finalization
+thread* that initiated finalization (typically the main thread) is allowed to
+acquire the :term:`GIL`.
+
+If any thread, other than the finalization thread, attempts to acquire the GIL
+during finalization, either explicitly via :c:func:`PyGILState_Ensure`,
+:c:macro:`Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS`, :c:func:`PyEval_AcquireThread`, or
+:c:func:`PyEval_AcquireLock`, or implicitly when the interpreter attempts to
+reacquire it after having yielded it, the thread enters **a permanently blocked
+state** where it remains until the program exits.  In most cases this is
+harmless, but this can result in deadlock if a later stage of finalization
+attempts to acquire a lock owned by the blocked thread, or otherwise waits on
+the blocked thread.
+
+Gross? Yes. This prevents random crashes and/or unexpectedly skipped C++
+finalizations further up the call stack when such threads were forcibly exited
+here in CPython 3.13 and earlier. The CPython runtime GIL acquiring C APIs
+have never had any error reporting or handling expectations at GIL acquisition
+time that would've allowed for graceful exit from this situation. Changing that
+would require new stable C APIs and rewriting the majority of C code in the
+CPython ecosystem to use those with error handling.
+
 
 High-level API
 --------------
@@ -1015,11 +1193,14 @@ code, or when embedding the Python interpreter:
    ensues.
 
    .. note::
-      Calling this function from a thread when the runtime is finalizing
-      will terminate the thread, even if the thread was not created by Python.
-      You can use :c:func:`Py_IsFinalizing` or :func:`sys.is_finalizing` to
-      check if the interpreter is in process of being finalized before calling
-      this function to avoid unwanted termination.
+      Calling this function from a thread when the runtime is finalizing will
+      hang the thread until the program exits, even if the thread was not
+      created by Python.  Refer to
+      :ref:`cautions-regarding-runtime-finalization` for more details.
+
+   .. versionchanged:: 3.14
+      Hangs the current thread, rather than terminating it, if called while the
+      interpreter is finalizing.
 
 .. c:function:: PyThreadState* PyThreadState_Get()
 
@@ -1074,11 +1255,14 @@ with sub-interpreters:
    to call arbitrary Python code.  Failure is a fatal error.
 
    .. note::
-      Calling this function from a thread when the runtime is finalizing
-      will terminate the thread, even if the thread was not created by Python.
-      You can use :c:func:`Py_IsFinalizing` or :func:`sys.is_finalizing` to
-      check if the interpreter is in process of being finalized before calling
-      this function to avoid unwanted termination.
+      Calling this function from a thread when the runtime is finalizing will
+      hang the thread until the program exits, even if the thread was not
+      created by Python.  Refer to
+      :ref:`cautions-regarding-runtime-finalization` for more details.
+
+   .. versionchanged:: 3.14
+      Hangs the current thread, rather than terminating it, if called while the
+      interpreter is finalizing.
 
 .. c:function:: void PyGILState_Release(PyGILState_STATE)
 
@@ -1206,7 +1390,7 @@ All of the following functions must be called after :c:func:`Py_Initialize`.
 .. c:function:: void PyThreadState_DeleteCurrent(void)
 
    Destroy the current thread state and release the global interpreter lock.
-   Like :c:func:`PyThreadState_Delete`, the global interpreter lock need not
+   Like :c:func:`PyThreadState_Delete`, the global interpreter lock must
    be held. The thread state must have been reset with a previous call
    to :c:func:`PyThreadState_Clear`.
 
@@ -1356,17 +1540,20 @@ All of the following functions must be called after :c:func:`Py_Initialize`.
    If this thread already has the lock, deadlock ensues.
 
    .. note::
-      Calling this function from a thread when the runtime is finalizing
-      will terminate the thread, even if the thread was not created by Python.
-      You can use :c:func:`Py_IsFinalizing` or :func:`sys.is_finalizing` to
-      check if the interpreter is in process of being finalized before calling
-      this function to avoid unwanted termination.
+      Calling this function from a thread when the runtime is finalizing will
+      hang the thread until the program exits, even if the thread was not
+      created by Python.  Refer to
+      :ref:`cautions-regarding-runtime-finalization` for more details.
 
    .. versionchanged:: 3.8
       Updated to be consistent with :c:func:`PyEval_RestoreThread`,
       :c:func:`Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS`, and :c:func:`PyGILState_Ensure`,
       and terminate the current thread if called while the interpreter is finalizing.
 
+   .. versionchanged:: 3.14
+      Hangs the current thread, rather than terminating it, if called while the
+      interpreter is finalizing.
+
    :c:func:`PyEval_RestoreThread` is a higher-level function which is always
    available (even when threads have not been initialized).
 
@@ -2152,3 +2339,145 @@ be used in new code.
 .. c:function:: void PyThread_delete_key_value(int key)
 .. c:function:: void PyThread_ReInitTLS()
 
+Synchronization Primitives
+==========================
+
+The C-API provides a basic mutual exclusion lock.
+
+.. c:type:: PyMutex
+
+   A mutual exclusion lock.  The :c:type:`!PyMutex` should be initialized to
+   zero to represent the unlocked state.  For example::
+
+      PyMutex mutex = {0};
+
+   Instances of :c:type:`!PyMutex` should not be copied or moved.  Both the
+   contents and address of a :c:type:`!PyMutex` are meaningful, and it must
+   remain at a fixed, writable location in memory.
+
+   .. note::
+
+      A :c:type:`!PyMutex` currently occupies one byte, but the size should be
+      considered unstable.  The size may change in future Python releases
+      without a deprecation period.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.13
+
+.. c:function:: void PyMutex_Lock(PyMutex *m)
+
+   Lock mutex *m*.  If another thread has already locked it, the calling
+   thread will block until the mutex is unlocked.  While blocked, the thread
+   will temporarily release the :term:`GIL` if it is held.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.13
+
+.. c:function:: void PyMutex_Unlock(PyMutex *m)
+
+   Unlock mutex *m*. The mutex must be locked --- otherwise, the function will
+   issue a fatal error.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.13
+
+.. _python-critical-section-api:
+
+Python Critical Section API
+---------------------------
+
+The critical section API provides a deadlock avoidance layer on top of
+per-object locks for :term:`free-threaded <free threading>` CPython.  They are
+intended to replace reliance on the :term:`global interpreter lock`, and are
+no-ops in versions of Python with the global interpreter lock.
+
+Critical sections avoid deadlocks by implicitly suspending active critical
+sections and releasing the locks during calls to :c:func:`PyEval_SaveThread`.
+When :c:func:`PyEval_RestoreThread` is called, the most recent critical section
+is resumed, and its locks reacquired.  This means the critical section API
+provides weaker guarantees than traditional locks -- they are useful because
+their behavior is similar to the :term:`GIL`.
+
+The functions and structs used by the macros are exposed for cases
+where C macros are not available. They should only be used as in the
+given macro expansions. Note that the sizes and contents of the structures may
+change in future Python versions.
+
+.. note::
+
+   Operations that need to lock two objects at once must use
+   :c:macro:`Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION2`.  You *cannot* use nested critical
+   sections to lock more than one object at once, because the inner critical
+   section may suspend the outer critical sections.  This API does not provide
+   a way to lock more than two objects at once.
+
+Example usage::
+
+   static PyObject *
+   set_field(MyObject *self, PyObject *value)
+   {
+      Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
+      Py_SETREF(self->field, Py_XNewRef(value));
+      Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+      Py_RETURN_NONE;
+   }
+
+In the above example, :c:macro:`Py_SETREF` calls :c:macro:`Py_DECREF`, which
+can call arbitrary code through an object's deallocation function.  The critical
+section API avoids potential deadlocks due to reentrancy and lock ordering
+by allowing the runtime to temporarily suspend the critical section if the
+code triggered by the finalizer blocks and calls :c:func:`PyEval_SaveThread`.
+
+.. c:macro:: Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(op)
+
+   Acquires the per-object lock for the object *op* and begins a
+   critical section.
+
+   In the free-threaded build, this macro expands to::
+
+      {
+          PyCriticalSection _py_cs;
+          PyCriticalSection_Begin(&_py_cs, (PyObject*)(op))
+
+   In the default build, this macro expands to ``{``.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.13
+
+.. c:macro:: Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION()
+
+   Ends the critical section and releases the per-object lock.
+
+   In the free-threaded build, this macro expands to::
+
+          PyCriticalSection_End(&_py_cs);
+      }
+
+   In the default build, this macro expands to ``}``.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.13
+
+.. c:macro:: Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION2(a, b)
+
+   Acquires the per-objects locks for the objects *a* and *b* and begins a
+   critical section.  The locks are acquired in a consistent order (lowest
+   address first) to avoid lock ordering deadlocks.
+
+   In the free-threaded build, this macro expands to::
+
+      {
+          PyCriticalSection2 _py_cs2;
+          PyCriticalSection_Begin2(&_py_cs2, (PyObject*)(a), (PyObject*)(b))
+
+   In the default build, this macro expands to ``{``.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.13
+
+.. c:macro:: Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION2()
+
+   Ends the critical section and releases the per-object locks.
+
+   In the free-threaded build, this macro expands to::
+
+          PyCriticalSection_End2(&_py_cs2);
+      }
+
+   In the default build, this macro expands to ``}``.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.13
diff --git a/Doc/c-api/init_config.rst b/Doc/c-api/init_config.rst
index 5195f6cccfe9df..6194d7446c73e4 100644
--- a/Doc/c-api/init_config.rst
+++ b/Doc/c-api/init_config.rst
@@ -6,6 +6,9 @@
 Python Initialization Configuration
 ***********************************
 
+PyConfig C API
+==============
+
 .. versionadded:: 3.8
 
 Python can be initialized with :c:func:`Py_InitializeFromConfig` and the
@@ -34,7 +37,7 @@ See also :ref:`Initialization, Finalization, and Threads <initialization>`.
 
 
 Example
-=======
+-------
 
 Example of customized Python always running in isolated mode::
 
@@ -73,7 +76,7 @@ Example of customized Python always running in isolated mode::
 
 
 PyWideStringList
-================
+----------------
 
 .. c:type:: PyWideStringList
 
@@ -116,7 +119,7 @@ PyWideStringList
       List items.
 
 PyStatus
-========
+--------
 
 .. c:type:: PyStatus
 
@@ -210,7 +213,7 @@ Example::
 
 
 PyPreConfig
-===========
+-----------
 
 .. c:type:: PyPreConfig
 
@@ -321,7 +324,7 @@ PyPreConfig
       * Set :c:member:`PyConfig.filesystem_encoding` to ``"mbcs"``,
       * Set :c:member:`PyConfig.filesystem_errors` to ``"replace"``.
 
-      Initialized the from :envvar:`PYTHONLEGACYWINDOWSFSENCODING` environment
+      Initialized from the :envvar:`PYTHONLEGACYWINDOWSFSENCODING` environment
       variable value.
 
       Only available on Windows. ``#ifdef MS_WINDOWS`` macro can be used for
@@ -360,7 +363,7 @@ PyPreConfig
 .. _c-preinit:
 
 Preinitialize Python with PyPreConfig
-=====================================
+-------------------------------------
 
 The preinitialization of Python:
 
@@ -440,7 +443,7 @@ the :ref:`Python UTF-8 Mode <utf8-mode>`::
 
 
 PyConfig
-========
+--------
 
 .. c:type:: PyConfig
 
@@ -509,7 +512,7 @@ PyConfig
       The :c:func:`PyConfig_Read` function only parses
       :c:member:`PyConfig.argv` arguments once: :c:member:`PyConfig.parse_argv`
       is set to ``2`` after arguments are parsed. Since Python arguments are
-      strippped from :c:member:`PyConfig.argv`, parsing arguments twice would
+      stripped from :c:member:`PyConfig.argv`, parsing arguments twice would
       parse the application options as Python options.
 
       :ref:`Preinitialize Python <c-preinit>` if needed.
@@ -1041,7 +1044,7 @@ PyConfig
       The :c:func:`PyConfig_Read` function only parses
       :c:member:`PyConfig.argv` arguments once: :c:member:`PyConfig.parse_argv`
       is set to ``2`` after arguments are parsed. Since Python arguments are
-      strippped from :c:member:`PyConfig.argv`, parsing arguments twice would
+      stripped from :c:member:`PyConfig.argv`, parsing arguments twice would
       parse the application options as Python options.
 
       Default: ``1`` in Python mode, ``0`` in isolated mode.
@@ -1245,19 +1248,24 @@ PyConfig
 
    .. c:member:: int perf_profiling
 
-      Enable compatibility mode with the perf profiler?
+      Enable the Linux ``perf`` profiler support?
+
+      If equals to ``1``, enable support for the Linux ``perf`` profiler.
 
-      If non-zero, initialize the perf trampoline. See :ref:`perf_profiling`
-      for more information.
+      If equals to ``2``, enable support for the Linux ``perf`` profiler with
+      DWARF JIT support.
 
-      Set by :option:`-X perf <-X>` command-line option and by the
-      :envvar:`PYTHON_PERF_JIT_SUPPORT` environment variable for perf support
-      with stack pointers and :option:`-X perf_jit <-X>` command-line option
-      and by the :envvar:`PYTHON_PERF_JIT_SUPPORT` environment variable for perf
-      support with DWARF JIT information.
+      Set to ``1`` by :option:`-X perf <-X>` command-line option and the
+      :envvar:`PYTHONPERFSUPPORT` environment variable.
+
+      Set to ``2`` by the :option:`-X perf_jit <-X>` command-line option and
+      the :envvar:`PYTHON_PERF_JIT_SUPPORT` environment variable.
 
       Default: ``-1``.
 
+      .. seealso::
+         See :ref:`perf_profiling` for more information.
+
       .. versionadded:: 3.12
 
    .. c:member:: int use_environment
@@ -1348,14 +1356,13 @@ the :option:`-X` command line option.
    The ``show_alloc_count`` field has been removed.
 
 
-Initialization with PyConfig
-============================
-
-Function to initialize Python:
+.. _init-from-config:
 
-.. c:function:: PyStatus Py_InitializeFromConfig(const PyConfig *config)
+Initialization with PyConfig
+----------------------------
 
-   Initialize Python from *config* configuration.
+Initializing the interpreter from a populated configuration struct is handled
+by calling :c:func:`Py_InitializeFromConfig`.
 
 The caller is responsible to handle exceptions (error or exit) using
 :c:func:`PyStatus_Exception` and :c:func:`Py_ExitStatusException`.
@@ -1461,7 +1468,7 @@ initialization::
 .. _init-isolated-conf:
 
 Isolated Configuration
-======================
+----------------------
 
 :c:func:`PyPreConfig_InitIsolatedConfig` and
 :c:func:`PyConfig_InitIsolatedConfig` functions create a configuration to
@@ -1481,7 +1488,7 @@ to avoid computing the default path configuration.
 .. _init-python-config:
 
 Python Configuration
-====================
+--------------------
 
 :c:func:`PyPreConfig_InitPythonConfig` and :c:func:`PyConfig_InitPythonConfig`
 functions create a configuration to build a customized Python which behaves as
@@ -1499,7 +1506,7 @@ and :ref:`Python UTF-8 Mode <utf8-mode>`
 .. _init-path-config:
 
 Python Path Configuration
-=========================
+-------------------------
 
 :c:type:`PyConfig` contains multiple fields for the path configuration:
 
@@ -1585,24 +1592,321 @@ The ``__PYVENV_LAUNCHER__`` environment variable is used to set
 :c:member:`PyConfig.base_executable`.
 
 
-Py_RunMain()
-============
+PyInitConfig C API
+==================
+
+C API to configure the Python initialization (:pep:`741`).
+
+.. versionadded:: 3.14
+
+Create Config
+-------------
+
+.. c:struct:: PyInitConfig
+
+   Opaque structure to configure the Python initialization.
+
+
+.. c:function:: PyInitConfig* PyInitConfig_Create(void)
+
+   Create a new initialization configuration using :ref:`Isolated Configuration
+   <init-isolated-conf>` default values.
+
+   It must be freed by :c:func:`PyInitConfig_Free`.
+
+   Return ``NULL`` on memory allocation failure.
+
+
+.. c:function:: void PyInitConfig_Free(PyInitConfig *config)
+
+   Free memory of the initialization configuration *config*.
+
+   If *config* is ``NULL``, no operation is performed.
+
+
+Error Handling
+--------------
+
+.. c:function:: int PyInitConfig_GetError(PyInitConfig* config, const char **err_msg)
+
+   Get the *config* error message.
+
+   * Set *\*err_msg* and return ``1`` if an error is set.
+   * Set *\*err_msg* to ``NULL`` and return ``0`` otherwise.
+
+   An error message is an UTF-8 encoded string.
+
+   If *config* has an exit code, format the exit code as an error
+   message.
+
+   The error message remains valid until another ``PyInitConfig``
+   function is called with *config*. The caller doesn't have to free the
+   error message.
+
+
+.. c:function:: int PyInitConfig_GetExitCode(PyInitConfig* config, int *exitcode)
+
+   Get the *config* exit code.
+
+   * Set *\*exitcode* and return ``1`` if *config* has an exit code set.
+   * Return ``0`` if *config* has no exit code set.
+
+   Only the ``Py_InitializeFromInitConfig()`` function can set an exit
+   code if the ``parse_argv`` option is non-zero.
+
+   An exit code can be set when parsing the command line failed (exit
+   code ``2``) or when a command line option asks to display the command
+   line help (exit code ``0``).
+
+
+Get Options
+-----------
+
+The configuration option *name* parameter must be a non-NULL
+null-terminated UTF-8 encoded string.
+
+.. c:function:: int PyInitConfig_HasOption(PyInitConfig *config, const char *name)
+
+   Test if the configuration has an option called *name*.
+
+   Return ``1`` if the option exists, or return ``0`` otherwise.
+
+
+.. c:function:: int PyInitConfig_GetInt(PyInitConfig *config, const char *name, int64_t *value)
+
+   Get an integer configuration option.
+
+   * Set *\*value*, and return ``0`` on success.
+   * Set an error in *config* and return ``-1`` on error.
+
+
+.. c:function:: int PyInitConfig_GetStr(PyInitConfig *config, const char *name, char **value)
+
+   Get a string configuration option as a null-terminated UTF-8
+   encoded string.
+
+   * Set *\*value*, and return ``0`` on success.
+   * Set an error in *config* and return ``-1`` on error.
+
+   *\*value* can be set to ``NULL`` if the option is an optional string and the
+   option is unset.
+
+   On success, the string must be released with ``free(value)`` if it's not
+   ``NULL``.
+
+
+.. c:function:: int PyInitConfig_GetStrList(PyInitConfig *config, const char *name, size_t *length, char ***items)
+
+   Get a string list configuration option as an array of
+   null-terminated UTF-8 encoded strings.
+
+   * Set *\*length* and *\*value*, and return ``0`` on success.
+   * Set an error in *config* and return ``-1`` on error.
+
+   On success, the string list must be released with
+   ``PyInitConfig_FreeStrList(length, items)``.
+
+
+.. c:function:: void PyInitConfig_FreeStrList(size_t length, char **items)
+
+   Free memory of a string list created by
+   ``PyInitConfig_GetStrList()``.
+
+
+Set Options
+-----------
+
+The configuration option *name* parameter must be a non-NULL null-terminated
+UTF-8 encoded string.
+
+Some configuration options have side effects on other options. This logic is
+only implemented when ``Py_InitializeFromInitConfig()`` is called, not by the
+"Set" functions below. For example, setting ``dev_mode`` to ``1`` does not set
+``faulthandler`` to ``1``.
+
+.. c:function:: int PyInitConfig_SetInt(PyInitConfig *config, const char *name, int64_t value)
+
+   Set an integer configuration option.
+
+   * Return ``0`` on success.
+   * Set an error in *config* and return ``-1`` on error.
+
+
+.. c:function:: int PyInitConfig_SetStr(PyInitConfig *config, const char *name, const char *value)
+
+   Set a string configuration option from a null-terminated UTF-8
+   encoded string. The string is copied.
+
+   * Return ``0`` on success.
+   * Set an error in *config* and return ``-1`` on error.
+
+
+.. c:function:: int PyInitConfig_SetStrList(PyInitConfig *config, const char *name, size_t length, char * const *items)
+
+   Set a string list configuration option from an array of
+   null-terminated UTF-8 encoded strings. The string list is copied.
+
+   * Return ``0`` on success.
+   * Set an error in *config* and return ``-1`` on error.
+
+
+Module
+------
+
+.. c:function:: int PyInitConfig_AddModule(PyInitConfig *config, const char *name, PyObject* (*initfunc)(void))
+
+   Add a built-in extension module to the table of built-in modules.
+
+   The new module can be imported by the name *name*, and uses the function
+   *initfunc* as the initialization function called on the first attempted
+   import.
+
+   * Return ``0`` on success.
+   * Set an error in *config* and return ``-1`` on error.
+
+   If Python is initialized multiple times, ``PyInitConfig_AddModule()`` must
+   be called at each Python initialization.
+
+   Similar to the :c:func:`PyImport_AppendInittab` function.
+
+
+Initialize Python
+-----------------
+
+.. c:function:: int Py_InitializeFromInitConfig(PyInitConfig *config)
+
+   Initialize Python from the initialization configuration.
+
+   * Return ``0`` on success.
+   * Set an error in *config* and return ``-1`` on error.
+   * Set an exit code in *config* and return ``-1`` if Python wants to
+     exit.
+
+   See ``PyInitConfig_GetExitcode()`` for the exit code case.
+
+
+Example
+-------
+
+Example initializing Python, set configuration options of various types,
+return ``-1`` on error:
+
+.. code-block:: c
+
+    int init_python(void)
+    {
+        PyInitConfig *config = PyInitConfig_Create();
+        if (config == NULL) {
+            printf("PYTHON INIT ERROR: memory allocation failed\n");
+            return -1;
+        }
+
+        // Set an integer (dev mode)
+        if (PyInitConfig_SetInt(config, "dev_mode", 1) < 0) {
+            goto error;
+        }
+
+        // Set a list of UTF-8 strings (argv)
+        char *argv[] = {"my_program", "-c", "pass"};
+        if (PyInitConfig_SetStrList(config, "argv",
+                                     Py_ARRAY_LENGTH(argv), argv) < 0) {
+            goto error;
+        }
+
+        // Set a UTF-8 string (program name)
+        if (PyInitConfig_SetStr(config, "program_name", L"my_program") < 0) {
+            goto error;
+        }
+
+        // Initialize Python with the configuration
+        if (Py_InitializeFromInitConfig(config) < 0) {
+            goto error;
+        }
+        PyInitConfig_Free(config);
+        return 0;
+
+    error:
+        {
+            // Display the error message
+            // This uncommon braces style is used, because you cannot make
+            // goto targets point to variable declarations.
+            const char *err_msg;
+            (void)PyInitConfig_GetError(config, &err_msg);
+            printf("PYTHON INIT ERROR: %s\n", err_msg);
+            PyInitConfig_Free(config);
+
+            return -1;
+        }
+    }
+
+
+Runtime Python configuration API
+================================
+
+The configuration option *name* parameter must be a non-NULL null-terminated
+UTF-8 encoded string.
+
+Some options are read from the :mod:`sys` attributes. For example, the option
+``"argv"`` is read from :data:`sys.argv`.
+
+
+.. c:function:: PyObject* PyConfig_Get(const char *name)
+
+   Get the current runtime value of a configuration option as a Python object.
+
+   * Return a new reference on success.
+   * Set an exception and return ``NULL`` on error.
+
+   The object type depends on the configuration option. It can be:
+
+   * ``bool``
+   * ``int``
+   * ``str``
+   * ``list[str]``
+   * ``dict[str, str]``
+
+   The caller must hold the GIL. The function cannot be called before
+   Python initialization nor after Python finalization.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.14
+
+
+.. c:function:: int PyConfig_GetInt(const char *name, int *value)
+
+   Similar to :c:func:`PyConfig_Get`, but get the value as a C int.
+
+   * Return ``0`` on success.
+   * Set an exception and return ``-1`` on error.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.14
+
+
+.. c:function:: PyObject* PyConfig_Names(void)
+
+   Get all configuration option names as a ``frozenset``.
+
+   * Return a new reference on success.
+   * Set an exception and return ``NULL`` on error.
+
+   The caller must hold the GIL. The function cannot be called before
+   Python initialization nor after Python finalization.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.14
+
 
-.. c:function:: int Py_RunMain(void)
+.. c:function:: int PyConfig_Set(const char *name, PyObject *value)
 
-   Execute the command (:c:member:`PyConfig.run_command`), the script
-   (:c:member:`PyConfig.run_filename`) or the module
-   (:c:member:`PyConfig.run_module`) specified on the command line or in the
-   configuration.
+   Set the current runtime value of a configuration option.
 
-   By default and when if :option:`-i` option is used, run the REPL.
+   * Raise a :exc:`ValueError` if there is no option *name*.
+   * Raise a :exc:`ValueError` if *value* is an invalid value.
+   * Raise a :exc:`ValueError` if the option is read-only (cannot be set).
+   * Raise a :exc:`TypeError` if *value* has not the proper type.
 
-   Finally, finalizes Python and returns an exit status that can be passed to
-   the ``exit()`` function.
+   The caller must hold the GIL. The function cannot be called before
+   Python initialization nor after Python finalization.
 
-See :ref:`Python Configuration <init-python-config>` for an example of
-customized Python always running in isolated mode using
-:c:func:`Py_RunMain`.
+   .. versionadded:: 3.14
 
 
 Py_GetArgcArgv()
diff --git a/Doc/c-api/iter.rst b/Doc/c-api/iter.rst
index 434d2021cea8e6..bf9df62c6f1706 100644
--- a/Doc/c-api/iter.rst
+++ b/Doc/c-api/iter.rst
@@ -10,7 +10,8 @@ There are two functions specifically for working with iterators.
 .. c:function:: int PyIter_Check(PyObject *o)
 
    Return non-zero if the object *o* can be safely passed to
-   :c:func:`PyIter_Next`, and ``0`` otherwise.  This function always succeeds.
+   :c:func:`PyIter_NextItem` and ``0`` otherwise.
+   This function always succeeds.
 
 .. c:function:: int PyAIter_Check(PyObject *o)
 
@@ -19,41 +20,27 @@ There are two functions specifically for working with iterators.
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.10
 
+.. c:function:: int PyIter_NextItem(PyObject *iter, PyObject **item)
+
+   Return ``1`` and set *item* to a :term:`strong reference` of the
+   next value of the iterator *iter* on success.
+   Return ``0`` and set *item* to ``NULL`` if there are no remaining values.
+   Return ``-1``, set *item* to ``NULL`` and set an exception on error.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.14
+
 .. c:function:: PyObject* PyIter_Next(PyObject *o)
 
+   This is an older version of :c:func:`!PyIter_NextItem`,
+   which is retained for backwards compatibility.
+   Prefer :c:func:`PyIter_NextItem`.
+
    Return the next value from the iterator *o*.  The object must be an iterator
    according to :c:func:`PyIter_Check` (it is up to the caller to check this).
    If there are no remaining values, returns ``NULL`` with no exception set.
    If an error occurs while retrieving the item, returns ``NULL`` and passes
    along the exception.
 
-To write a loop which iterates over an iterator, the C code should look
-something like this::
-
-   PyObject *iterator = PyObject_GetIter(obj);
-   PyObject *item;
-
-   if (iterator == NULL) {
-       /* propagate error */
-   }
-
-   while ((item = PyIter_Next(iterator))) {
-       /* do something with item */
-       ...
-       /* release reference when done */
-       Py_DECREF(item);
-   }
-
-   Py_DECREF(iterator);
-
-   if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
-       /* propagate error */
-   }
-   else {
-       /* continue doing useful work */
-   }
-
-
 .. c:type:: PySendResult
 
    The enum value used to represent different results of :c:func:`PyIter_Send`.
diff --git a/Doc/c-api/list.rst b/Doc/c-api/list.rst
index 53eb54d3e1021a..758415a76e5cb4 100644
--- a/Doc/c-api/list.rst
+++ b/Doc/c-api/list.rst
@@ -38,9 +38,12 @@ List Objects
    .. note::
 
       If *len* is greater than zero, the returned list object's items are
-      set to ``NULL``.  Thus you cannot use abstract API functions such as
-      :c:func:`PySequence_SetItem`  or expose the object to Python code before
-      setting all items to a real object with :c:func:`PyList_SetItem`.
+      set to ``NULL``. Thus you cannot use abstract API functions such as
+      :c:func:`PySequence_SetItem` or expose the object to Python code before
+      setting all items to a real object with :c:func:`PyList_SetItem` or
+      :c:func:`PyList_SET_ITEM()`. The following APIs are safe APIs before
+      the list is fully initialized: :c:func:`PyList_SetItem()` and :c:func:`PyList_SET_ITEM()`.
+
 
 
 .. c:function:: Py_ssize_t PyList_Size(PyObject *list)
diff --git a/Doc/c-api/long.rst b/Doc/c-api/long.rst
index a0e111af5996d7..9ff3e5265004a1 100644
--- a/Doc/c-api/long.rst
+++ b/Doc/c-api/long.rst
@@ -69,12 +69,32 @@ distinguished from a number.  Use :c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` to disambiguate.
    on failure.
 
 
+.. c:function:: PyObject* PyLong_FromInt32(int32_t value)
+                PyObject* PyLong_FromInt64(int64_t value)
+
+   Return a new :c:type:`PyLongObject` object from a signed C
+   :c:expr:`int32_t` or :c:expr:`int64_t`, or ``NULL``
+   with an exception set on failure.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.14
+
+
 .. c:function:: PyObject* PyLong_FromUnsignedLongLong(unsigned long long v)
 
    Return a new :c:type:`PyLongObject` object from a C :c:expr:`unsigned long long`,
    or ``NULL`` on failure.
 
 
+.. c:function:: PyObject* PyLong_FromUInt32(uint32_t value)
+                PyObject* PyLong_FromUInt64(uint64_t value)
+
+   Return a new :c:type:`PyLongObject` object from an unsigned C
+   :c:expr:`uint32_t` or :c:expr:`uint64_t`, or ``NULL``
+   with an exception set on failure.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.14
+
+
 .. c:function:: PyObject* PyLong_FromDouble(double v)
 
    Return a new :c:type:`PyLongObject` object from the integer part of *v*, or
@@ -94,9 +114,9 @@ distinguished from a number.  Use :c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` to disambiguate.
    ignored.  If there are no digits or *str* is not NULL-terminated following the
    digits and trailing whitespace, :exc:`ValueError` will be raised.
 
-   .. seealso:: Python methods :meth:`int.to_bytes` and :meth:`int.from_bytes`
-      to convert a :c:type:`PyLongObject` to/from an array of bytes in base
-      ``256``. You can call those from C using :c:func:`PyObject_CallMethod`.
+   .. seealso:: :c:func:`PyLong_AsNativeBytes()` and
+      :c:func:`PyLong_FromNativeBytes()` functions can be used to convert
+      a :c:type:`PyLongObject` to/from an array of bytes in base ``256``.
 
 
 .. c:function:: PyObject* PyLong_FromUnicodeObject(PyObject *u, int base)
@@ -139,7 +159,6 @@ distinguished from a number.  Use :c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` to disambiguate.
    .. versionadded:: 3.13
 
 
-.. XXX alias PyLong_AS_LONG (for now)
 .. c:function:: long PyLong_AsLong(PyObject *obj)
 
    .. index::
@@ -161,6 +180,16 @@ distinguished from a number.  Use :c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` to disambiguate.
    .. versionchanged:: 3.10
       This function will no longer use :meth:`~object.__int__`.
 
+   .. c:namespace:: NULL
+
+   .. c:function:: long PyLong_AS_LONG(PyObject *obj)
+
+      A :term:`soft deprecated` alias.
+      Exactly equivalent to the preferred ``PyLong_AsLong``. In particular,
+      it can fail with :exc:`OverflowError` or another exception.
+
+      .. deprecated:: 3.14
+         The function is soft deprecated.
 
 .. c:function:: int PyLong_AsInt(PyObject *obj)
 
@@ -337,6 +366,43 @@ distinguished from a number.  Use :c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` to disambiguate.
       This function will no longer use :meth:`~object.__int__`.
 
 
+.. c:function:: int PyLong_AsInt32(PyObject *obj, int32_t *value)
+                int PyLong_AsInt64(PyObject *obj, int64_t *value)
+
+   Set *\*value* to a signed C :c:expr:`int32_t` or :c:expr:`int64_t`
+   representation of *obj*.
+
+   If the *obj* value is out of range, raise an :exc:`OverflowError`.
+
+   Set *\*value* and return ``0`` on success.
+   Set an exception and return ``-1`` on error.
+
+   *value* must not be ``NULL``.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.14
+
+
+.. c:function:: int PyLong_AsUInt32(PyObject *obj, uint32_t *value)
+                int PyLong_AsUInt64(PyObject *obj, uint64_t *value)
+
+   Set *\*value* to an unsigned C :c:expr:`uint32_t` or :c:expr:`uint64_t`
+   representation of *obj*.
+
+   If *obj* is not an instance of :c:type:`PyLongObject`, first call its
+   :meth:`~object.__index__` method (if present) to convert it to a
+   :c:type:`PyLongObject`.
+
+   * If *obj* is negative, raise a :exc:`ValueError`.
+   * If the *obj* value is out of range, raise an :exc:`OverflowError`.
+
+   Set *\*value* and return ``0`` on success.
+   Set an exception and return ``-1`` on error.
+
+   *value* must not be ``NULL``.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.14
+
+
 .. c:function:: double PyLong_AsDouble(PyObject *pylong)
 
    Return a C :c:expr:`double` representation of *pylong*.  *pylong* must be
@@ -405,14 +471,13 @@ distinguished from a number.  Use :c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` to disambiguate.
 
    Passing zero to *n_bytes* will return the size of a buffer that would
    be large enough to hold the value. This may be larger than technically
-   necessary, but not unreasonably so.
+   necessary, but not unreasonably so. If *n_bytes=0*, *buffer* may be
+   ``NULL``.
 
    .. note::
 
       Passing *n_bytes=0* to this function is not an accurate way to determine
-      the bit length of a value.
-
-   If *n_bytes=0*, *buffer* may be ``NULL``.
+      the bit length of the value.
 
    To get at the entire Python value of an unknown size, the function can be
    called twice: first to determine the buffer size, then to fill it::
@@ -446,13 +511,15 @@ distinguished from a number.  Use :c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` to disambiguate.
       free(bignum);
 
    *flags* is either ``-1`` (``Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_DEFAULTS``) to select defaults
-   that behave most like a C cast, or a combintation of the other flags in
+   that behave most like a C cast, or a combination of the other flags in
    the table below.
    Note that ``-1`` cannot be combined with other flags.
 
    Currently, ``-1`` corresponds to
    ``Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_NATIVE_ENDIAN | Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_UNSIGNED_BUFFER``.
 
+   .. c:namespace:: NULL
+
    ============================================= ======
    Flag                                          Value
    ============================================= ======
@@ -462,6 +529,7 @@ distinguished from a number.  Use :c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` to disambiguate.
    .. c:macro:: Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_NATIVE_ENDIAN   ``3``
    .. c:macro:: Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_UNSIGNED_BUFFER ``4``
    .. c:macro:: Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_REJECT_NEGATIVE ``8``
+   .. c:macro:: Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_ALLOW_INDEX     ``16``
    ============================================= ======
 
    Specifying ``Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_NATIVE_ENDIAN`` will override any other endian
@@ -483,6 +551,13 @@ distinguished from a number.  Use :c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` to disambiguate.
    provided there is enough space for at least one sign bit, regardless of
    whether ``Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_UNSIGNED_BUFFER`` was specified.
 
+   If ``Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_ALLOW_INDEX`` is specified and a non-integer value is
+   passed, its :meth:`~object.__index__` method will be called first. This may
+   result in Python code executing and other threads being allowed to run, which
+   could cause changes to other objects or values in use. When *flags* is
+   ``-1``, this option is not set, and non-integer values will raise
+   :exc:`TypeError`.
+
    .. note::
 
       With the default *flags* (``-1``, or *UNSIGNED_BUFFER*  without
@@ -507,6 +582,17 @@ distinguished from a number.  Use :c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` to disambiguate.
    .. versionadded:: 3.14
 
 
+.. c:function:: PyObject* PyLong_GetInfo(void)
+
+   On success, return a read only :term:`named tuple`, that holds
+   information about Python's internal representation of integers.
+   See :data:`sys.int_info` for description of individual fields.
+
+   On failure, return ``NULL`` with an exception set.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.1
+
+
 .. c:function:: int PyUnstable_Long_IsCompact(const PyLongObject* op)
 
    Return 1 if *op* is compact, 0 otherwise.
@@ -522,6 +608,9 @@ distinguished from a number.  Use :c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` to disambiguate.
    Exactly what values are considered compact is an implementation detail
    and is subject to change.
 
+   .. versionadded:: 3.12
+
+
 .. c:function:: Py_ssize_t PyUnstable_Long_CompactValue(const PyLongObject* op)
 
    If *op* is compact, as determined by :c:func:`PyUnstable_Long_IsCompact`,
@@ -529,3 +618,5 @@ distinguished from a number.  Use :c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` to disambiguate.
 
    Otherwise, the return value is undefined.
 
+   .. versionadded:: 3.12
+
diff --git a/Doc/c-api/marshal.rst b/Doc/c-api/marshal.rst
index 489f1580a414b2..b9085ad3ec361d 100644
--- a/Doc/c-api/marshal.rst
+++ b/Doc/c-api/marshal.rst
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ Numeric values are stored with the least significant byte first.
 
 The module supports two versions of the data format: version 0 is the
 historical version, version 1 shares interned strings in the file, and upon
-unmarshalling.  Version 2 uses a binary format for floating point numbers.
+unmarshalling.  Version 2 uses a binary format for floating-point numbers.
 ``Py_MARSHAL_VERSION`` indicates the current file format (currently 2).
 
 
diff --git a/Doc/c-api/memory.rst b/Doc/c-api/memory.rst
index 9da09a21607f61..aa2ef499bddaf3 100644
--- a/Doc/c-api/memory.rst
+++ b/Doc/c-api/memory.rst
@@ -102,30 +102,38 @@ All allocating functions belong to one of three different "domains" (see also
 strategies and are optimized for different purposes. The specific details on
 how every domain allocates memory or what internal functions each domain calls
 is considered an implementation detail, but for debugging purposes a simplified
-table can be found at :ref:`here <default-memory-allocators>`. There is no hard
-requirement to use the memory returned by the allocation functions belonging to
-a given domain for only the purposes hinted by that domain (although this is the
-recommended practice). For example, one could use the memory returned by
-:c:func:`PyMem_RawMalloc` for allocating Python objects or the memory returned
-by :c:func:`PyObject_Malloc` for allocating memory for buffers.
+table can be found at :ref:`here <default-memory-allocators>`.
+The APIs used to allocate and free a block of memory must be from the same domain.
+For example, :c:func:`PyMem_Free` must be used to free memory allocated using :c:func:`PyMem_Malloc`.
 
 The three allocation domains are:
 
 * Raw domain: intended for allocating memory for general-purpose memory
   buffers where the allocation *must* go to the system allocator or where the
   allocator can operate without the :term:`GIL`. The memory is requested directly
-  to the system.
+  from the system. See :ref:`Raw Memory Interface <raw-memoryinterface>`.
 
 * "Mem" domain: intended for allocating memory for Python buffers and
   general-purpose memory buffers where the allocation must be performed with
   the :term:`GIL` held. The memory is taken from the Python private heap.
+  See :ref:`Memory Interface <memoryinterface>`.
 
-* Object domain: intended for allocating memory belonging to Python objects. The
-  memory is taken from the Python private heap.
+* Object domain: intended for allocating memory for Python objects. The
+  memory is taken from the Python private heap. See :ref:`Object allocators <objectinterface>`.
 
-When freeing memory previously allocated by the allocating functions belonging to a
-given domain,the matching specific deallocating functions must be used. For example,
-:c:func:`PyMem_Free` must be used to free memory allocated using :c:func:`PyMem_Malloc`.
+.. note::
+
+  The :term:`free-threaded <free threading>` build requires that only Python objects are allocated using the "object" domain
+  and that all Python objects are allocated using that domain. This differs from the prior Python versions,
+  where this was only a best practice and not a hard requirement.
+
+  For example, buffers (non-Python objects) should be allocated using :c:func:`PyMem_Malloc`,
+  :c:func:`PyMem_RawMalloc`, or :c:func:`malloc`, but not :c:func:`PyObject_Malloc`.
+
+  See :ref:`Memory Allocation APIs <free-threaded-memory-allocation>`.
+
+
+.. _raw-memoryinterface:
 
 Raw Memory Interface
 ====================
@@ -299,6 +307,8 @@ versions and is therefore deprecated in extension modules.
 * ``PyMem_DEL(ptr)``
 
 
+.. _objectinterface:
+
 Object allocators
 =================
 
@@ -734,7 +744,7 @@ The same code using the type-oriented function set::
        return PyErr_NoMemory();
    /* ...Do some I/O operation involving buf... */
    res = PyBytes_FromString(buf);
-   PyMem_Del(buf); /* allocated with PyMem_New */
+   PyMem_Free(buf); /* allocated with PyMem_New */
    return res;
 
 Note that in the two examples above, the buffer is always manipulated via
@@ -750,11 +760,11 @@ allocators operating on different heaps. ::
    ...
    PyMem_Del(buf3);  /* Wrong -- should be PyMem_Free() */
    free(buf2);       /* Right -- allocated via malloc() */
-   free(buf1);       /* Fatal -- should be PyMem_Del()  */
+   free(buf1);       /* Fatal -- should be PyMem_Free()  */
 
 In addition to the functions aimed at handling raw memory blocks from the Python
 heap, objects in Python are allocated and released with :c:macro:`PyObject_New`,
-:c:macro:`PyObject_NewVar` and :c:func:`PyObject_Del`.
+:c:macro:`PyObject_NewVar` and :c:func:`PyObject_Free`.
 
 These will be explained in the next chapter on defining and implementing new
 object types in C.
diff --git a/Doc/c-api/module.rst b/Doc/c-api/module.rst
index 63e3bed6727987..f82a050ab75de0 100644
--- a/Doc/c-api/module.rst
+++ b/Doc/c-api/module.rst
@@ -37,16 +37,19 @@ Module Objects
       single: __package__ (module attribute)
       single: __loader__ (module attribute)
 
-   Return a new module object with the :attr:`__name__` attribute set to *name*.
-   The module's :attr:`__name__`, :attr:`__doc__`, :attr:`__package__`, and
-   :attr:`__loader__` attributes are filled in (all but :attr:`__name__` are set
-   to ``None``); the caller is responsible for providing a :attr:`__file__`
-   attribute.
+   Return a new module object with :attr:`module.__name__` set to *name*.
+   The module's :attr:`!__name__`, :attr:`~module.__doc__`,
+   :attr:`~module.__package__` and :attr:`~module.__loader__` attributes are
+   filled in (all but :attr:`!__name__` are set to ``None``). The caller is
+   responsible for setting a :attr:`~module.__file__` attribute.
+
+   Return ``NULL`` with an exception set on error.
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.3
 
    .. versionchanged:: 3.4
-      :attr:`__package__` and :attr:`__loader__` are set to ``None``.
+      :attr:`~module.__package__` and :attr:`~module.__loader__` are now set to
+      ``None``.
 
 
 .. c:function:: PyObject* PyModule_New(const char *name)
@@ -75,8 +78,9 @@ Module Objects
       single: __name__ (module attribute)
       single: SystemError (built-in exception)
 
-   Return *module*'s :attr:`__name__` value.  If the module does not provide one,
-   or if it is not a string, :exc:`SystemError` is raised and ``NULL`` is returned.
+   Return *module*'s :attr:`~module.__name__` value.  If the module does not
+   provide one, or if it is not a string, :exc:`SystemError` is raised and
+   ``NULL`` is returned.
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.3
 
@@ -106,8 +110,8 @@ Module Objects
       single: SystemError (built-in exception)
 
    Return the name of the file from which *module* was loaded using *module*'s
-   :attr:`__file__` attribute.  If this is not defined, or if it is not a
-   unicode string, raise :exc:`SystemError` and return ``NULL``; otherwise return
+   :attr:`~module.__file__` attribute.  If this is not defined, or if it is not a
+   string, raise :exc:`SystemError` and return ``NULL``; otherwise return
    a reference to a Unicode object.
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.2
@@ -265,6 +269,8 @@ of the following two module creation functions:
    API version *module_api_version*.  If that version does not match the version
    of the running interpreter, a :exc:`RuntimeWarning` is emitted.
 
+   Return ``NULL`` with an exception set on error.
+
    .. note::
 
       Most uses of this function should be using :c:func:`PyModule_Create`
@@ -338,7 +344,8 @@ The available slot types are:
    The *value* pointer of this slot must point to a function of the signature:
 
    .. c:function:: PyObject* create_module(PyObject *spec, PyModuleDef *def)
-      :noindex:
+      :no-index-entry:
+      :no-contents-entry:
 
    The function receives a :py:class:`~importlib.machinery.ModuleSpec`
    instance, as defined in :PEP:`451`, and the module definition.
@@ -373,7 +380,8 @@ The available slot types are:
    The signature of the function is:
 
    .. c:function:: int exec_module(PyObject* module)
-      :noindex:
+      :no-index-entry:
+      :no-contents-entry:
 
    If multiple ``Py_mod_exec`` slots are specified, they are processed in the
    order they appear in the *m_slots* array.
@@ -415,6 +423,8 @@ The available slot types are:
 
    Specifies one of the following values:
 
+   .. c:namespace:: NULL
+
    .. c:macro:: Py_MOD_GIL_USED
 
       The module depends on the presence of the global interpreter lock (GIL),
@@ -427,7 +437,7 @@ The available slot types are:
    This slot is ignored by Python builds not configured with
    :option:`--disable-gil`.  Otherwise, it determines whether or not importing
    this module will cause the GIL to be automatically enabled. See
-   :ref:`free-threaded-cpython` for more detail.
+   :ref:`whatsnew313-free-threaded-cpython` for more detail.
 
    Multiple ``Py_mod_gil`` slots may not be specified in one module definition.
 
@@ -461,6 +471,8 @@ objects dynamically. Note that both ``PyModule_FromDefAndSpec`` and
    If that version does not match the version of the running interpreter,
    a :exc:`RuntimeWarning` is emitted.
 
+   Return ``NULL`` with an exception set on error.
+
    .. note::
 
       Most uses of this function should be using :c:func:`PyModule_FromDefAndSpec`
@@ -511,7 +523,7 @@ state:
 
    On success, return ``0``. On error, raise an exception and return ``-1``.
 
-   Return ``NULL`` if *value* is ``NULL``. It must be called with an exception
+   Return ``-1`` if *value* is ``NULL``. It must be called with an exception
    raised in this case.
 
    Example usage::
@@ -543,6 +555,14 @@ state:
    Note that ``Py_XDECREF()`` should be used instead of ``Py_DECREF()`` in
    this case, since *obj* can be ``NULL``.
 
+   The number of different *name* strings passed to this function
+   should be kept small, usually by only using statically allocated strings
+   as *name*.
+   For names that aren't known at compile time, prefer calling
+   :c:func:`PyUnicode_FromString` and :c:func:`PyObject_SetAttr` directly.
+   For more details, see :c:func:`PyUnicode_InternFromString`, which may be
+   used internally to create a key object.
+
    .. versionadded:: 3.10
 
 
@@ -601,15 +621,23 @@ state:
 .. c:function:: int PyModule_AddIntConstant(PyObject *module, const char *name, long value)
 
    Add an integer constant to *module* as *name*.  This convenience function can be
-   used from the module's initialization function. Return ``-1`` on error, ``0`` on
-   success.
+   used from the module's initialization function.
+   Return ``-1`` with an exception set on error, ``0`` on success.
+
+   This is a convenience function that calls :c:func:`PyLong_FromLong` and
+   :c:func:`PyModule_AddObjectRef`; see their documentation for details.
 
 
 .. c:function:: int PyModule_AddStringConstant(PyObject *module, const char *name, const char *value)
 
    Add a string constant to *module* as *name*.  This convenience function can be
    used from the module's initialization function.  The string *value* must be
-   ``NULL``-terminated.  Return ``-1`` on error, ``0`` on success.
+   ``NULL``-terminated.
+   Return ``-1`` with an exception set on error, ``0`` on success.
+
+   This is a convenience function that calls
+   :c:func:`PyUnicode_InternFromString` and :c:func:`PyModule_AddObjectRef`;
+   see their documentation for details.
 
 
 .. c:macro:: PyModule_AddIntMacro(module, macro)
@@ -617,7 +645,7 @@ state:
    Add an int constant to *module*. The name and the value are taken from
    *macro*. For example ``PyModule_AddIntMacro(module, AF_INET)`` adds the int
    constant *AF_INET* with the value of *AF_INET* to *module*.
-   Return ``-1`` on error, ``0`` on success.
+   Return ``-1`` with an exception set on error, ``0`` on success.
 
 
 .. c:macro:: PyModule_AddStringMacro(module, macro)
@@ -630,7 +658,7 @@ state:
    The type object is finalized by calling internally :c:func:`PyType_Ready`.
    The name of the type object is taken from the last component of
    :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_name` after dot.
-   Return ``-1`` on error, ``0`` on success.
+   Return ``-1`` with an exception set on error, ``0`` on success.
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.9
 
@@ -643,7 +671,7 @@ state:
    import machinery assumes the module does not support running without the
    GIL. This function is only available in Python builds configured with
    :option:`--disable-gil`.
-   Return ``-1`` on error, ``0`` on success.
+   Return ``-1`` with an exception set on error, ``0`` on success.
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.13
 
@@ -682,14 +710,14 @@ since multiple such modules can be created from a single definition.
 
    The caller must hold the GIL.
 
-   Return 0 on success or -1 on failure.
+   Return ``-1`` with an exception set on error, ``0`` on success.
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.3
 
 .. c:function:: int PyState_RemoveModule(PyModuleDef *def)
 
    Removes the module object created from *def* from the interpreter state.
-   Return 0 on success or -1 on failure.
+   Return ``-1`` with an exception set on error, ``0`` on success.
 
    The caller must hold the GIL.
 
diff --git a/Doc/c-api/monitoring.rst b/Doc/c-api/monitoring.rst
index b34035b5548f02..51d866cfd47469 100644
--- a/Doc/c-api/monitoring.rst
+++ b/Doc/c-api/monitoring.rst
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 .. highlight:: c
 
-.. _monitoring:
+.. _c-api-monitoring:
 
 Monitoring C API
 ================
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ Managing the Monitoring State
 Monitoring states can be managed with the help of monitoring scopes. A scope
 would typically correspond to a python function.
 
-.. :c:function:: int PyMonitoring_EnterScope(PyMonitoringState *state_array, uint64_t *version, const uint8_t *event_types, Py_ssize_t length)
+.. c:function:: int PyMonitoring_EnterScope(PyMonitoringState *state_array, uint64_t *version, const uint8_t *event_types, Py_ssize_t length)
 
    Enter a monitored scope. ``event_types`` is an array of the event IDs for
    events that may be fired from the scope. For example, the ID of a ``PY_START``
@@ -141,24 +141,52 @@ would typically correspond to a python function.
    to the base-2 logarithm of ``sys.monitoring.events.PY_START``.
    ``state_array`` is an array with a monitoring state entry for each event in
    ``event_types``, it is allocated by the user but populated by
-   ``PyMonitoring_EnterScope`` with information about the activation state of
+   :c:func:`!PyMonitoring_EnterScope` with information about the activation state of
    the event. The size of ``event_types`` (and hence also of ``state_array``)
    is given in ``length``.
 
    The ``version`` argument is a pointer to a value which should be allocated
    by the user together with ``state_array`` and initialized to 0,
-   and then set only by ``PyMonitoring_EnterScope`` itelf. It allows this
+   and then set only by :c:func:`!PyMonitoring_EnterScope` itself. It allows this
    function to determine whether event states have changed since the previous call,
    and to return quickly if they have not.
 
    The scopes referred to here are lexical scopes: a function, class or method.
-   ``PyMonitoring_EnterScope`` should be called whenever the lexical scope is
+   :c:func:`!PyMonitoring_EnterScope` should be called whenever the lexical scope is
    entered. Scopes can be reentered, reusing the same *state_array* and *version*,
    in situations like when emulating a recursive Python function. When a code-like's
    execution is paused, such as when emulating a generator, the scope needs to
    be exited and re-entered.
 
-
-.. :c:function:: int PyMonitoring_ExitScope(void)
-
-   Exit the last scope that was entered with ``PyMonitoring_EnterScope``.
+   The macros for *event_types* are:
+
+   .. c:namespace:: NULL
+
+   .. The table is here to make the docs searchable, and to allow automatic
+      links to the identifiers.
+
+   ================================================== =====================================
+   Macro                                              Event
+   ================================================== =====================================
+   .. c:macro:: PY_MONITORING_EVENT_BRANCH            :monitoring-event:`BRANCH`
+   .. c:macro:: PY_MONITORING_EVENT_CALL              :monitoring-event:`CALL`
+   .. c:macro:: PY_MONITORING_EVENT_C_RAISE           :monitoring-event:`C_RAISE`
+   .. c:macro:: PY_MONITORING_EVENT_C_RETURN          :monitoring-event:`C_RETURN`
+   .. c:macro:: PY_MONITORING_EVENT_EXCEPTION_HANDLED :monitoring-event:`EXCEPTION_HANDLED`
+   .. c:macro:: PY_MONITORING_EVENT_INSTRUCTION       :monitoring-event:`INSTRUCTION`
+   .. c:macro:: PY_MONITORING_EVENT_JUMP              :monitoring-event:`JUMP`
+   .. c:macro:: PY_MONITORING_EVENT_LINE              :monitoring-event:`LINE`
+   .. c:macro:: PY_MONITORING_EVENT_PY_RESUME         :monitoring-event:`PY_RESUME`
+   .. c:macro:: PY_MONITORING_EVENT_PY_RETURN         :monitoring-event:`PY_RETURN`
+   .. c:macro:: PY_MONITORING_EVENT_PY_START          :monitoring-event:`PY_START`
+   .. c:macro:: PY_MONITORING_EVENT_PY_THROW          :monitoring-event:`PY_THROW`
+   .. c:macro:: PY_MONITORING_EVENT_PY_UNWIND         :monitoring-event:`PY_UNWIND`
+   .. c:macro:: PY_MONITORING_EVENT_PY_YIELD          :monitoring-event:`PY_YIELD`
+   .. c:macro:: PY_MONITORING_EVENT_RAISE             :monitoring-event:`RAISE`
+   .. c:macro:: PY_MONITORING_EVENT_RERAISE           :monitoring-event:`RERAISE`
+   .. c:macro:: PY_MONITORING_EVENT_STOP_ITERATION    :monitoring-event:`STOP_ITERATION`
+   ================================================== =====================================
+
+.. c:function:: int PyMonitoring_ExitScope(void)
+
+   Exit the last scope that was entered with :c:func:`!PyMonitoring_EnterScope`.
diff --git a/Doc/c-api/number.rst b/Doc/c-api/number.rst
index 13d3c5af956905..ad8b5935258fa7 100644
--- a/Doc/c-api/number.rst
+++ b/Doc/c-api/number.rst
@@ -51,8 +51,8 @@ Number Protocol
 
    Return a reasonable approximation for the mathematical value of *o1* divided by
    *o2*, or ``NULL`` on failure.  The return value is "approximate" because binary
-   floating point numbers are approximate; it is not possible to represent all real
-   numbers in base two.  This function can return a floating point value when
+   floating-point numbers are approximate; it is not possible to represent all real
+   numbers in base two.  This function can return a floating-point value when
    passed two integers.  This is the equivalent of the Python expression ``o1 / o2``.
 
 
@@ -177,8 +177,8 @@ Number Protocol
 
    Return a reasonable approximation for the mathematical value of *o1* divided by
    *o2*, or ``NULL`` on failure.  The return value is "approximate" because binary
-   floating point numbers are approximate; it is not possible to represent all real
-   numbers in base two.  This function can return a floating point value when
+   floating-point numbers are approximate; it is not possible to represent all real
+   numbers in base two.  This function can return a floating-point value when
    passed two integers.  The operation is done *in-place* when *o1* supports it.
    This is the equivalent of the Python statement ``o1 /= o2``.
 
diff --git a/Doc/c-api/object.rst b/Doc/c-api/object.rst
index 8eeac3fc8a1e58..630114a4339110 100644
--- a/Doc/c-api/object.rst
+++ b/Doc/c-api/object.rst
@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ Object Protocol
 
    The reference is borrowed from the interpreter, and is valid until the
    interpreter finalization.
+
    .. versionadded:: 3.13
 
 
@@ -205,6 +206,13 @@ Object Protocol
    If *v* is ``NULL``, the attribute is deleted, but this feature is
    deprecated in favour of using :c:func:`PyObject_DelAttrString`.
 
+   The number of different attribute names passed to this function
+   should be kept small, usually by using a statically allocated string
+   as *attr_name*.
+   For attribute names that aren't known at compile time, prefer calling
+   :c:func:`PyUnicode_FromString` and :c:func:`PyObject_SetAttr` directly.
+   For more details, see :c:func:`PyUnicode_InternFromString`, which may be
+   used internally to create a key object.
 
 .. c:function:: int PyObject_GenericSetAttr(PyObject *o, PyObject *name, PyObject *value)
 
@@ -230,6 +238,14 @@ Object Protocol
    specified as a :c:expr:`const char*` UTF-8 encoded bytes string,
    rather than a :c:expr:`PyObject*`.
 
+   The number of different attribute names passed to this function
+   should be kept small, usually by using a statically allocated string
+   as *attr_name*.
+   For attribute names that aren't known at compile time, prefer calling
+   :c:func:`PyUnicode_FromString` and :c:func:`PyObject_DelAttr` directly.
+   For more details, see :c:func:`PyUnicode_InternFromString`, which may be
+   used internally to create a key object for lookup.
+
 
 .. c:function:: PyObject* PyObject_GenericGetDict(PyObject *o, void *context)
 
@@ -351,14 +367,14 @@ Object Protocol
    The result will be ``1`` when at least one of the checks returns ``1``,
    otherwise it will be ``0``.
 
-   If *cls* has a :meth:`~class.__subclasscheck__` method, it will be called to
+   If *cls* has a :meth:`~type.__subclasscheck__` method, it will be called to
    determine the subclass status as described in :pep:`3119`.  Otherwise,
    *derived* is a subclass of *cls* if it is a direct or indirect subclass,
-   i.e. contained in ``cls.__mro__``.
+   i.e. contained in :attr:`cls.__mro__ <type.__mro__>`.
 
    Normally only class objects, i.e. instances of :class:`type` or a derived
    class, are considered classes.  However, objects can override this by having
-   a :attr:`~class.__bases__` attribute (which must be a tuple of base classes).
+   a :attr:`~type.__bases__` attribute (which must be a tuple of base classes).
 
 
 .. c:function:: int PyObject_IsInstance(PyObject *inst, PyObject *cls)
@@ -370,15 +386,15 @@ Object Protocol
    The result will be ``1`` when at least one of the checks returns ``1``,
    otherwise it will be ``0``.
 
-   If *cls* has a :meth:`~class.__instancecheck__` method, it will be called to
+   If *cls* has a :meth:`~type.__instancecheck__` method, it will be called to
    determine the subclass status as described in :pep:`3119`.  Otherwise, *inst*
    is an instance of *cls* if its class is a subclass of *cls*.
 
    An instance *inst* can override what is considered its class by having a
-   :attr:`~instance.__class__` attribute.
+   :attr:`~object.__class__` attribute.
 
    An object *cls* can override if it is considered a class, and what its base
-   classes are, by having a :attr:`~class.__bases__` attribute (which must be a tuple
+   classes are, by having a :attr:`~type.__bases__` attribute (which must be a tuple
    of base classes).
 
 
diff --git a/Doc/c-api/refcounting.rst b/Doc/c-api/refcounting.rst
index bf50107347e0e7..d75dad737bc992 100644
--- a/Doc/c-api/refcounting.rst
+++ b/Doc/c-api/refcounting.rst
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ of Python objects.
    ``NULL``, use :c:func:`Py_XINCREF`.
 
    Do not expect this function to actually modify *o* in any way.
-   For at least `some objects <https://peps.python.org/pep-0683/>`_,
+   For at least :pep:`some objects <0683>`,
    this function has no effect.
 
    .. versionchanged:: 3.12
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ of Python objects.
    use :c:func:`Py_XDECREF`.
 
    Do not expect this function to actually modify *o* in any way.
-   For at least `some objects <https://peps.python.org/pep-0683/>`_,
+   For at least :pep:`some objects <683>`,
    this function has no effect.
 
    .. warning::
diff --git a/Doc/c-api/slice.rst b/Doc/c-api/slice.rst
index 27a1757c745d8b..8adf6a961378a3 100644
--- a/Doc/c-api/slice.rst
+++ b/Doc/c-api/slice.rst
@@ -23,7 +23,9 @@ Slice Objects
    Return a new slice object with the given values.  The *start*, *stop*, and
    *step* parameters are used as the values of the slice object attributes of
    the same names.  Any of the values may be ``NULL``, in which case the
-   ``None`` will be used for the corresponding attribute.  Return ``NULL`` if
+   ``None`` will be used for the corresponding attribute.
+
+   Return ``NULL`` with an exception set if
    the new object could not be allocated.
 
 
@@ -52,7 +54,7 @@ Slice Objects
    of bounds indices are clipped in a manner consistent with the handling of
    normal slices.
 
-   Returns ``0`` on success and ``-1`` on error with exception set.
+   Return ``0`` on success and ``-1`` on error with an exception set.
 
    .. note::
       This function is considered not safe for resizable sequences.
@@ -95,7 +97,7 @@ Slice Objects
    ``PY_SSIZE_T_MIN`` to ``PY_SSIZE_T_MIN``, and silently boost the step
    values less than ``-PY_SSIZE_T_MAX`` to ``-PY_SSIZE_T_MAX``.
 
-   Return ``-1`` on error, ``0`` on success.
+   Return ``-1`` with an exception set on error, ``0`` on success.
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.6.1
 
diff --git a/Doc/c-api/structures.rst b/Doc/c-api/structures.rst
index f9461ab01f6049..d333df397782e0 100644
--- a/Doc/c-api/structures.rst
+++ b/Doc/c-api/structures.rst
@@ -485,7 +485,8 @@ Accessing attributes of extension types
    ``PyMemberDef`` may contain a definition for the special member
    ``"__vectorcalloffset__"``, corresponding to
    :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_vectorcall_offset` in type objects.
-   These must be defined with ``Py_T_PYSSIZET`` and ``Py_READONLY``, for example::
+   This member must be defined with ``Py_T_PYSSIZET``, and either
+   ``Py_READONLY`` or ``Py_READONLY | Py_RELATIVE_OFFSET``. For example::
 
       static PyMemberDef spam_type_members[] = {
           {"__vectorcalloffset__", Py_T_PYSSIZET,
@@ -506,6 +507,12 @@ Accessing attributes of extension types
       ``PyMemberDef`` is always available.
       Previously, it required including ``"structmember.h"``.
 
+   .. versionchanged:: 3.14
+
+      :c:macro:`Py_RELATIVE_OFFSET` is now allowed for
+      ``"__vectorcalloffset__"``, ``"__dictoffset__"`` and
+      ``"__weaklistoffset__"``.
+
 .. c:function:: PyObject* PyMember_GetOne(const char *obj_addr, struct PyMemberDef *m)
 
    Get an attribute belonging to the object at address *obj_addr*.  The
diff --git a/Doc/c-api/time.rst b/Doc/c-api/time.rst
index 5cfdef71b3e191..7032cc48aa6913 100644
--- a/Doc/c-api/time.rst
+++ b/Doc/c-api/time.rst
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 .. highlight:: c
 
+.. _c-api-time:
+
 PyTime C API
 ============
 
diff --git a/Doc/c-api/tuple.rst b/Doc/c-api/tuple.rst
index 52668d16b74436..815afddad19df1 100644
--- a/Doc/c-api/tuple.rst
+++ b/Doc/c-api/tuple.rst
@@ -33,12 +33,14 @@ Tuple Objects
 
 .. c:function:: PyObject* PyTuple_New(Py_ssize_t len)
 
-   Return a new tuple object of size *len*, or ``NULL`` on failure.
+   Return a new tuple object of size *len*,
+   or ``NULL`` with an exception set on failure.
 
 
 .. c:function:: PyObject* PyTuple_Pack(Py_ssize_t n, ...)
 
-   Return a new tuple object of size *n*, or ``NULL`` on failure. The tuple values
+   Return a new tuple object of size *n*,
+   or ``NULL`` with an exception set on failure. The tuple values
    are initialized to the subsequent *n* C arguments pointing to Python objects.
    ``PyTuple_Pack(2, a, b)`` is equivalent to ``Py_BuildValue("(OO)", a, b)``.
 
@@ -46,12 +48,12 @@ Tuple Objects
 .. c:function:: Py_ssize_t PyTuple_Size(PyObject *p)
 
    Take a pointer to a tuple object, and return the size of that tuple.
+   On error, return ``-1`` and with an exception set.
 
 
 .. c:function:: Py_ssize_t PyTuple_GET_SIZE(PyObject *p)
 
-   Return the size of the tuple *p*, which must be non-``NULL`` and point to a tuple;
-   no error checking is performed.
+   Like :c:func:`PyTuple_Size`, but without error checking.
 
 
 .. c:function:: PyObject* PyTuple_GetItem(PyObject *p, Py_ssize_t pos)
@@ -74,8 +76,10 @@ Tuple Objects
 .. c:function:: PyObject* PyTuple_GetSlice(PyObject *p, Py_ssize_t low, Py_ssize_t high)
 
    Return the slice of the tuple pointed to by *p* between *low* and *high*,
-   or ``NULL`` on failure.  This is the equivalent of the Python expression
-   ``p[low:high]``.  Indexing from the end of the tuple is not supported.
+   or ``NULL`` with an exception set on failure.
+
+   This is the equivalent of the Python expression ``p[low:high]``.
+   Indexing from the end of the tuple is not supported.
 
 
 .. c:function:: int PyTuple_SetItem(PyObject *p, Py_ssize_t pos, PyObject *o)
@@ -141,6 +145,8 @@ type.
    Create a new struct sequence type from the data in *desc*, described below. Instances
    of the resulting type can be created with :c:func:`PyStructSequence_New`.
 
+   Return ``NULL`` with an exception set on failure.
+
 
 .. c:function:: void PyStructSequence_InitType(PyTypeObject *type, PyStructSequence_Desc *desc)
 
@@ -149,8 +155,8 @@ type.
 
 .. c:function:: int PyStructSequence_InitType2(PyTypeObject *type, PyStructSequence_Desc *desc)
 
-   The same as ``PyStructSequence_InitType``, but returns ``0`` on success and ``-1`` on
-   failure.
+   Like :c:func:`PyStructSequence_InitType`, but returns ``0`` on success
+   and ``-1`` with an exception set on failure.
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.4
 
@@ -161,7 +167,8 @@ type.
 
    .. c:member:: const char *name
 
-      Name of the struct sequence type.
+      Fully qualified name of the type; null-terminated UTF-8 encoded.
+      The name must contain the module name.
 
    .. c:member:: const char *doc
 
@@ -207,6 +214,8 @@ type.
    Creates an instance of *type*, which must have been created with
    :c:func:`PyStructSequence_NewType`.
 
+   Return ``NULL`` with an exception set on failure.
+
 
 .. c:function:: PyObject* PyStructSequence_GetItem(PyObject *p, Py_ssize_t pos)
 
diff --git a/Doc/c-api/type.rst b/Doc/c-api/type.rst
index 0cae5c09505ebe..86d3967d9fb577 100644
--- a/Doc/c-api/type.rst
+++ b/Doc/c-api/type.rst
@@ -53,7 +53,8 @@ Type Objects
 .. c:function:: PyObject* PyType_GetDict(PyTypeObject* type)
 
    Return the type object's internal namespace, which is otherwise only
-   exposed via a read-only proxy (``cls.__dict__``).  This is a
+   exposed via a read-only proxy (:attr:`cls.__dict__ <type.__dict__>`).
+   This is a
    replacement for accessing :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dict` directly.
    The returned dictionary must be treated as read-only.
 
@@ -140,7 +141,7 @@ Type Objects
    Return true if *a* is a subtype of *b*.
 
    This function only checks for actual subtypes, which means that
-   :meth:`~class.__subclasscheck__` is not called on *b*.  Call
+   :meth:`~type.__subclasscheck__` is not called on *b*.  Call
    :c:func:`PyObject_IsSubclass` to do the same check that :func:`issubclass`
    would do.
 
@@ -174,29 +175,30 @@ Type Objects
 
 .. c:function:: PyObject* PyType_GetName(PyTypeObject *type)
 
-   Return the type's name. Equivalent to getting the type's ``__name__`` attribute.
+   Return the type's name. Equivalent to getting the type's
+   :attr:`~type.__name__` attribute.
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.11
 
 .. c:function:: PyObject* PyType_GetQualName(PyTypeObject *type)
 
    Return the type's qualified name. Equivalent to getting the
-   type's ``__qualname__`` attribute.
+   type's :attr:`~type.__qualname__` attribute.
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.11
 
 .. c:function:: PyObject* PyType_GetFullyQualifiedName(PyTypeObject *type)
 
    Return the type's fully qualified name. Equivalent to
-   ``f"{type.__module__}.{type.__qualname__}"``, or ``type.__qualname__`` if
-   ``type.__module__`` is not a string or is equal to ``"builtins"``.
+   ``f"{type.__module__}.{type.__qualname__}"``, or :attr:`type.__qualname__`
+   if :attr:`type.__module__` is not a string or is equal to ``"builtins"``.
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.13
 
 .. c:function:: PyObject* PyType_GetModuleName(PyTypeObject *type)
 
-   Return the type's module name. Equivalent to getting the ``type.__module__``
-   attribute.
+   Return the type's module name. Equivalent to getting the
+   :attr:`type.__module__` attribute.
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.13
 
@@ -264,6 +266,24 @@ Type Objects
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.11
 
+.. c:function:: int PyType_GetBaseByToken(PyTypeObject *type, void *token, PyTypeObject **result)
+
+   Find the first superclass in *type*'s :term:`method resolution order` whose
+   :c:macro:`Py_tp_token` token is equal to the given one.
+
+   * If found, set *\*result* to a new :term:`strong reference`
+     to it and return ``1``.
+   * If not found, set *\*result* to ``NULL`` and return ``0``.
+   * On error, set *\*result* to ``NULL`` and return ``-1`` with an
+     exception set.
+
+   The *result* argument may be ``NULL``, in which case *\*result* is not set.
+   Use this if you need only the return value.
+
+   The *token* argument may not be ``NULL``.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.14
+
 .. c:function:: int PyUnstable_Type_AssignVersionTag(PyTypeObject *type)
 
    Attempt to assign a version tag to the given type.
@@ -345,8 +365,12 @@ The following functions and structs are used to create
       The :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` of the metaclass is *ignored*.
       which may result in incomplete initialization.
       Creating classes whose metaclass overrides
-      :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` is deprecated and in Python 3.14+ it
-      will be no longer allowed.
+      :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` is deprecated.
+
+   .. versionchanged:: 3.14
+
+      Creating classes whose metaclass overrides
+      :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` is no longer allowed.
 
 .. c:function:: PyObject* PyType_FromSpecWithBases(PyType_Spec *spec, PyObject *bases)
 
@@ -362,8 +386,12 @@ The following functions and structs are used to create
       The :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` of the metaclass is *ignored*.
       which may result in incomplete initialization.
       Creating classes whose metaclass overrides
-      :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` is deprecated and in Python 3.14+ it
-      will be no longer allowed.
+      :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` is deprecated.
+
+   .. versionchanged:: 3.14
+
+      Creating classes whose metaclass overrides
+      :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` is no longer allowed.
 
 .. c:function:: PyObject* PyType_FromSpec(PyType_Spec *spec)
 
@@ -378,8 +406,26 @@ The following functions and structs are used to create
       The :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` of the metaclass is *ignored*.
       which may result in incomplete initialization.
       Creating classes whose metaclass overrides
-      :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` is deprecated and in Python 3.14+ it
-      will be no longer allowed.
+      :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` is deprecated.
+
+   .. versionchanged:: 3.14
+
+      Creating classes whose metaclass overrides
+      :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` is no longer allowed.
+
+.. c:function:: int PyType_Freeze(PyTypeObject *type)
+
+   Make a type immutable: set the :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_IMMUTABLETYPE` flag.
+
+   All base classes of *type* must be immutable.
+
+   On success, return ``0``.
+   On error, set an exception and return ``-1``.
+
+   The type must not be used before it's made immutable. For example, type
+   instances must not be created before the type is made immutable.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.14
 
 .. raw:: html
 
@@ -476,6 +522,11 @@ The following functions and structs are used to create
       * ``Py_nb_add`` to set :c:member:`PyNumberMethods.nb_add`
       * ``Py_sq_length`` to set :c:member:`PySequenceMethods.sq_length`
 
+      An additional slot is supported that does not correspond to a
+      :c:type:`!PyTypeObject` struct field:
+
+      * :c:data:`Py_tp_token`
+
       The following “offset” fields cannot be set using :c:type:`PyType_Slot`:
 
          * :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_weaklistoffset`
@@ -492,14 +543,10 @@ The following functions and structs are used to create
          See :ref:`PyMemberDef documentation <pymemberdef-offsets>`
          for details.
 
-      The following fields cannot be set at all when creating a heap type:
-
-      * :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_vectorcall`
-        (use :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` and/or
-        :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_init`)
+      The following internal fields cannot be set at all when creating a heap
+      type:
 
-      * Internal fields:
-        :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dict`,
+      * :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dict`,
         :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_mro`,
         :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_cache`,
         :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_subclasses`, and
@@ -519,9 +566,58 @@ The following functions and structs are used to create
         :c:member:`~PyBufferProcs.bf_releasebuffer` are now available
         under the :ref:`limited API <limited-c-api>`.
 
+     .. versionchanged:: 3.14
+
+        The field :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_vectorcall` can now set
+        using ``Py_tp_vectorcall``.  See the field's documentation
+        for details.
+
    .. c:member:: void *pfunc
 
       The desired value of the slot. In most cases, this is a pointer
       to a function.
 
-      Slots other than ``Py_tp_doc`` may not be ``NULL``.
+      *pfunc* values may not be ``NULL``, except for the following slots:
+
+      * ``Py_tp_doc``
+      * :c:data:`Py_tp_token` (for clarity, prefer :c:data:`Py_TP_USE_SPEC`
+        rather than ``NULL``)
+
+.. c:macro:: Py_tp_token
+
+   A :c:member:`~PyType_Slot.slot` that records a static memory layout ID
+   for a class.
+
+   If the :c:type:`PyType_Spec` of the class is statically
+   allocated, the token can be set to the spec using the special value
+   :c:data:`Py_TP_USE_SPEC`:
+
+   .. code-block:: c
+
+      static PyType_Slot foo_slots[] = {
+         {Py_tp_token, Py_TP_USE_SPEC},
+
+   It can also be set to an arbitrary pointer, but you must ensure that:
+
+   * The pointer outlives the class, so it's not reused for something else
+     while the class exists.
+   * It "belongs" to the extension module where the class lives, so it will not
+     clash with other extensions.
+
+   Use :c:func:`PyType_GetBaseByToken` to check if a class's superclass has
+   a given token -- that is, check whether the memory layout is compatible.
+
+   To get the token for a given class (without considering superclasses),
+   use :c:func:`PyType_GetSlot` with ``Py_tp_token``.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.14
+
+   .. c:namespace:: NULL
+
+   .. c:macro:: Py_TP_USE_SPEC
+
+      Used as a value with :c:data:`Py_tp_token` to set the token to the
+      class's :c:type:`PyType_Spec`.
+      Expands to ``NULL``.
+
+      .. versionadded:: 3.14
diff --git a/Doc/c-api/typeobj.rst b/Doc/c-api/typeobj.rst
index a6a2c437ea4e16..0c59b3da0795cb 100644
--- a/Doc/c-api/typeobj.rst
+++ b/Doc/c-api/typeobj.rst
@@ -567,12 +567,12 @@ and :c:data:`PyType_Type` effectively act as defaults.)
 
    For :ref:`statically allocated type objects <static-types>`,
    the *tp_name* field should contain a dot.
-   Everything before the last dot is made accessible as the :attr:`__module__`
+   Everything before the last dot is made accessible as the :attr:`~type.__module__`
    attribute, and everything after the last dot is made accessible as the
-   :attr:`~definition.__name__` attribute.
+   :attr:`~type.__name__` attribute.
 
    If no dot is present, the entire :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_name` field is made accessible as the
-   :attr:`~definition.__name__` attribute, and the :attr:`__module__` attribute is undefined
+   :attr:`~type.__name__` attribute, and the :attr:`~type.__module__` attribute is undefined
    (unless explicitly set in the dictionary, as explained above).  This means your
    type will be impossible to pickle.  Additionally, it will not be listed in
    module documentations created with pydoc.
@@ -650,7 +650,7 @@ and :c:data:`PyType_Type` effectively act as defaults.)
    (doesn't have the :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE` flag bit set), it is
    permissible to call the object deallocator directly instead of via
    :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_free`.  The object deallocator should be the one used to allocate the
-   instance; this is normally :c:func:`PyObject_Del` if the instance was allocated
+   instance; this is normally :c:func:`PyObject_Free` if the instance was allocated
    using :c:macro:`PyObject_New` or :c:macro:`PyObject_NewVar`, or
    :c:func:`PyObject_GC_Del` if the instance was allocated using
    :c:macro:`PyObject_GC_New` or :c:macro:`PyObject_GC_NewVar`.
@@ -682,6 +682,19 @@ and :c:data:`PyType_Type` effectively act as defaults.)
          Py_DECREF(tp);
      }
 
+   .. warning::
+
+      In a garbage collected Python, :c:member:`!tp_dealloc` may be called from
+      any Python thread, not just the thread which created the object (if the
+      object becomes part of a refcount cycle, that cycle might be collected by
+      a garbage collection on any thread).  This is not a problem for Python
+      API calls, since the thread on which :c:member:`!tp_dealloc` is called
+      will own the Global Interpreter Lock (GIL).  However, if the object being
+      destroyed in turn destroys objects from some other C or C++ library, care
+      should be taken to ensure that destroying those objects on the thread
+      which called :c:member:`!tp_dealloc` will not violate any assumptions of
+      the library.
+
 
    **Inheritance:**
 
@@ -1131,7 +1144,7 @@ and :c:data:`PyType_Type` effectively act as defaults.)
 
    .. c:macro:: Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT
 
-      This bit indicates that instances of the class have a ``__dict__``
+      This bit indicates that instances of the class have a `~object.__dict__`
       attribute, and that the space for the dictionary is managed by the VM.
 
       If this flag is set, :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC` should also be set.
@@ -1328,15 +1341,15 @@ and :c:data:`PyType_Type` effectively act as defaults.)
       To indicate that a class has changed call :c:func:`PyType_Modified`
 
       .. warning::
-         This flag is present in header files, but is an internal feature and should
-         not be used. It will be removed in a future version of CPython
+         This flag is present in header files, but is not be used.
+         It will be removed in a future version of CPython
 
 
 .. c:member:: const char* PyTypeObject.tp_doc
 
    An optional pointer to a NUL-terminated C string giving the docstring for this
-   type object.  This is exposed as the :attr:`__doc__` attribute on the type and
-   instances of the type.
+   type object.  This is exposed as the :attr:`~type.__doc__` attribute on the
+   type and instances of the type.
 
    **Inheritance:**
 
@@ -1592,7 +1605,7 @@ and :c:data:`PyType_Type` effectively act as defaults.)
    weak references to the type object itself.
 
    It is an error to set both the :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_WEAKREF` bit and
-   :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_weaklist`.
+   :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_weaklistoffset`.
 
    **Inheritance:**
 
@@ -1604,7 +1617,7 @@ and :c:data:`PyType_Type` effectively act as defaults.)
    **Default:**
 
    If the :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_WEAKREF` bit is set in the
-   :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dict` field, then
+   :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_flags` field, then
    :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_weaklistoffset` will be set to a negative value,
    to indicate that it is unsafe to use this field.
 
@@ -1954,7 +1967,7 @@ and :c:data:`PyType_Type` effectively act as defaults.)
    match :c:func:`PyType_GenericAlloc` and the value of the
    :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC` flag bit.
 
-   For static subtypes, :c:data:`PyBaseObject_Type` uses :c:func:`PyObject_Del`.
+   For static subtypes, :c:data:`PyBaseObject_Type` uses :c:func:`PyObject_Free`.
 
 
 .. c:member:: inquiry PyTypeObject.tp_is_gc
@@ -2036,7 +2049,7 @@ and :c:data:`PyType_Type` effectively act as defaults.)
    A collection of subclasses.  Internal use only.  May be an invalid pointer.
 
    To get a list of subclasses, call the Python method
-   :py:meth:`~class.__subclasses__`.
+   :py:meth:`~type.__subclasses__`.
 
    .. versionchanged:: 3.12
 
@@ -2109,17 +2122,6 @@ and :c:data:`PyType_Type` effectively act as defaults.)
           PyErr_Restore(error_type, error_value, error_traceback);
       }
 
-   Also, note that, in a garbage collected Python,
-   :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dealloc` may be called from
-   any Python thread, not just the thread which created the object (if the object
-   becomes part of a refcount cycle, that cycle might be collected by a garbage
-   collection on any thread).  This is not a problem for Python API calls, since
-   the thread on which tp_dealloc is called will own the Global Interpreter Lock
-   (GIL). However, if the object being destroyed in turn destroys objects from some
-   other C or C++ library, care should be taken to ensure that destroying those
-   objects on the thread which called tp_dealloc will not violate any assumptions
-   of the library.
-
    **Inheritance:**
 
    This field is inherited by subtypes.
@@ -2137,11 +2139,40 @@ and :c:data:`PyType_Type` effectively act as defaults.)
 
 .. c:member:: vectorcallfunc PyTypeObject.tp_vectorcall
 
-   Vectorcall function to use for calls of this type object.
-   In other words, it is used to implement
-   :ref:`vectorcall <vectorcall>` for ``type.__call__``.
-   If ``tp_vectorcall`` is ``NULL``, the default call implementation
-   using :meth:`~object.__new__` and :meth:`~object.__init__` is used.
+   A :ref:`vectorcall function <vectorcall>` to use for calls of this type
+   object (rather than instances).
+   In other words, ``tp_vectorcall`` can be used to optimize ``type.__call__``,
+   which typically returns a new instance of *type*.
+
+   As with any vectorcall function, if ``tp_vectorcall`` is ``NULL``,
+   the *tp_call* protocol (``Py_TYPE(type)->tp_call``) is used instead.
+
+   .. note::
+
+      The :ref:`vectorcall protocol <vectorcall>` requires that the vectorcall
+      function has the same behavior as the corresponding ``tp_call``.
+      This means that ``type->tp_vectorcall`` must match the behavior of
+      ``Py_TYPE(type)->tp_call``.
+
+      Specifically, if *type* uses the default metaclass,
+      ``type->tp_vectorcall`` must behave the same as
+      :c:expr:`PyType_Type->tp_call`, which:
+
+      - calls ``type->tp_new``,
+
+      - if the result is a subclass of *type*, calls ``type->tp_init``
+        on the result of ``tp_new``, and
+
+      - returns the result of ``tp_new``.
+
+      Typically, ``tp_vectorcall`` is overridden to optimize this process
+      for specific :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` and
+      :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_init`.
+      When doing this for user-subclassable types, note that both can be
+      overridden (using :py:func:`~object.__new__` and
+      :py:func:`~object.__init__`, respectively).
+
+
 
    **Inheritance:**
 
diff --git a/Doc/c-api/unicode.rst b/Doc/c-api/unicode.rst
index 7320d035bab513..59bd7661965d93 100644
--- a/Doc/c-api/unicode.rst
+++ b/Doc/c-api/unicode.rst
@@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ These APIs can be used to work with surrogates:
 
 .. c:function:: Py_UCS4 Py_UNICODE_JOIN_SURROGATES(Py_UCS4 high, Py_UCS4 low)
 
-   Join two surrogate characters and return a single :c:type:`Py_UCS4` value.
+   Join two surrogate code points and return a single :c:type:`Py_UCS4` value.
    *high* and *low* are respectively the leading and trailing surrogates in a
    surrogate pair. *high* must be in the range [0xD800; 0xDBFF] and *low* must
    be in the range [0xDC00; 0xDFFF].
@@ -338,6 +338,8 @@ APIs:
    This is the recommended way to allocate a new Unicode object.  Objects
    created using this function are not resizable.
 
+   On error, set an exception and return ``NULL``.
+
    .. versionadded:: 3.3
 
 
@@ -614,6 +616,8 @@ APIs:
 
    Return the length of the Unicode object, in code points.
 
+   On error, set an exception and return ``-1``.
+
    .. versionadded:: 3.3
 
 
@@ -657,6 +661,8 @@ APIs:
    not out of bounds, and that the object can be modified safely (i.e. that it
    its reference count is one).
 
+   Return ``0`` on success, ``-1`` on error with an exception set.
+
    .. versionadded:: 3.3
 
 
@@ -666,6 +672,8 @@ APIs:
    Unicode object and the index is not out of bounds, in contrast to
    :c:func:`PyUnicode_READ_CHAR`, which performs no error checking.
 
+   Return character on success, ``-1`` on error with an exception set.
+
    .. versionadded:: 3.3
 
 
@@ -674,6 +682,7 @@ APIs:
 
    Return a substring of *unicode*, from character index *start* (included) to
    character index *end* (excluded).  Negative indices are not supported.
+   On error, set an exception and return ``NULL``.
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.3
 
@@ -990,6 +999,9 @@ These are the UTF-8 codec APIs:
    object.  Error handling is "strict".  Return ``NULL`` if an exception was
    raised by the codec.
 
+   The function fails if the string contains surrogate code points
+   (``U+D800`` - ``U+DFFF``).
+
 
 .. c:function:: const char* PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(PyObject *unicode, Py_ssize_t *size)
 
@@ -1002,6 +1014,9 @@ These are the UTF-8 codec APIs:
    On error, set an exception, set *size* to ``-1`` (if it's not NULL) and
    return ``NULL``.
 
+   The function fails if the string contains surrogate code points
+   (``U+D800`` - ``U+DFFF``).
+
    This caches the UTF-8 representation of the string in the Unicode object, and
    subsequent calls will return a pointer to the same buffer.  The caller is not
    responsible for deallocating the buffer. The buffer is deallocated and
@@ -1423,14 +1438,40 @@ They all return ``NULL`` or ``-1`` if an exception occurs.
    This function returns ``-1`` upon failure, so one should call
    :c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` to check for errors.
 
+   .. seealso::
+
+      The :c:func:`PyUnicode_Equal` function.
+
+
+.. c:function:: int PyUnicode_Equal(PyObject *a, PyObject *b)
+
+   Test if two strings are equal:
+
+   * Return ``1`` if *a* is equal to *b*.
+   * Return ``0`` if *a* is not equal to *b*.
+   * Set a :exc:`TypeError` exception and return ``-1`` if *a* or *b* is not a
+     :class:`str` object.
+
+   The function always succeeds if *a* and *b* are :class:`str` objects.
+
+   The function works for :class:`str` subclasses, but does not honor custom
+   ``__eq__()`` method.
+
+   .. seealso::
+
+      The :c:func:`PyUnicode_Compare` function.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.14
+
 
 .. c:function:: int PyUnicode_EqualToUTF8AndSize(PyObject *unicode, const char *string, Py_ssize_t size)
 
    Compare a Unicode object with a char buffer which is interpreted as
    being UTF-8 or ASCII encoded and return true (``1``) if they are equal,
    or false (``0``) otherwise.
-   If the Unicode object contains surrogate characters or
-   the C string is not valid UTF-8, false (``0``) is returned.
+   If the Unicode object contains surrogate code points
+   (``U+D800`` - ``U+DFFF``) or the C string is not valid UTF-8,
+   false (``0``) is returned.
 
    This function does not raise exceptions.
 
@@ -1490,15 +1531,164 @@ They all return ``NULL`` or ``-1`` if an exception occurs.
    existing interned string that is the same as :c:expr:`*p_unicode`, it sets :c:expr:`*p_unicode` to
    it (releasing the reference to the old string object and creating a new
    :term:`strong reference` to the interned string object), otherwise it leaves
-   :c:expr:`*p_unicode` alone and interns it (creating a new :term:`strong reference`).
+   :c:expr:`*p_unicode` alone and interns it.
+
    (Clarification: even though there is a lot of talk about references, think
-   of this function as reference-neutral; you own the object after the call
-   if and only if you owned it before the call.)
+   of this function as reference-neutral. You must own the object you pass in;
+   after the call you no longer own the passed-in reference, but you newly own
+   the result.)
+
+   This function never raises an exception.
+   On error, it leaves its argument unchanged without interning it.
+
+   Instances of subclasses of :py:class:`str` may not be interned, that is,
+   :c:expr:`PyUnicode_CheckExact(*p_unicode)` must be true. If it is not,
+   then -- as with any other error -- the argument is left unchanged.
+
+   Note that interned strings are not “immortal”.
+   You must keep a reference to the result to benefit from interning.
 
 
 .. c:function:: PyObject* PyUnicode_InternFromString(const char *str)
 
    A combination of :c:func:`PyUnicode_FromString` and
-   :c:func:`PyUnicode_InternInPlace`, returning either a new Unicode string
-   object that has been interned, or a new ("owned") reference to an earlier
-   interned string object with the same value.
+   :c:func:`PyUnicode_InternInPlace`, meant for statically allocated strings.
+
+   Return a new ("owned") reference to either a new Unicode string object
+   that has been interned, or an earlier interned string object with the
+   same value.
+
+   Python may keep a reference to the result, or make it :term:`immortal`,
+   preventing it from being garbage-collected promptly.
+   For interning an unbounded number of different strings, such as ones coming
+   from user input, prefer calling :c:func:`PyUnicode_FromString` and
+   :c:func:`PyUnicode_InternInPlace` directly.
+
+   .. impl-detail::
+
+      Strings interned this way are made :term:`immortal`.
+
+
+PyUnicodeWriter
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+The :c:type:`PyUnicodeWriter` API can be used to create a Python :class:`str`
+object.
+
+.. versionadded:: 3.14
+
+.. c:type:: PyUnicodeWriter
+
+   A Unicode writer instance.
+
+   The instance must be destroyed by :c:func:`PyUnicodeWriter_Finish` on
+   success, or :c:func:`PyUnicodeWriter_Discard` on error.
+
+.. c:function:: PyUnicodeWriter* PyUnicodeWriter_Create(Py_ssize_t length)
+
+   Create a Unicode writer instance.
+
+   Set an exception and return ``NULL`` on error.
+
+.. c:function:: PyObject* PyUnicodeWriter_Finish(PyUnicodeWriter *writer)
+
+   Return the final Python :class:`str` object and destroy the writer instance.
+
+   Set an exception and return ``NULL`` on error.
+
+.. c:function:: void PyUnicodeWriter_Discard(PyUnicodeWriter *writer)
+
+   Discard the internal Unicode buffer and destroy the writer instance.
+
+   If *writer* is ``NULL``, no operation is performed.
+
+.. c:function:: int PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar(PyUnicodeWriter *writer, Py_UCS4 ch)
+
+   Write the single Unicode character *ch* into *writer*.
+
+   On success, return ``0``.
+   On error, set an exception, leave the writer unchanged, and return ``-1``.
+
+.. c:function:: int PyUnicodeWriter_WriteUTF8(PyUnicodeWriter *writer, const char *str, Py_ssize_t size)
+
+   Decode the string *str* from UTF-8 in strict mode and write the output into *writer*.
+
+   *size* is the string length in bytes. If *size* is equal to ``-1``, call
+   ``strlen(str)`` to get the string length.
+
+   On success, return ``0``.
+   On error, set an exception, leave the writer unchanged, and return ``-1``.
+
+   See also :c:func:`PyUnicodeWriter_DecodeUTF8Stateful`.
+
+.. c:function:: int PyUnicodeWriter_WriteWideChar(PyUnicodeWriter *writer, const wchar_t *str, Py_ssize_t size)
+
+   Writer the wide string *str* into *writer*.
+
+   *size* is a number of wide characters. If *size* is equal to ``-1``, call
+   ``wcslen(str)`` to get the string length.
+
+   On success, return ``0``.
+   On error, set an exception, leave the writer unchanged, and return ``-1``.
+
+.. c:function:: int PyUnicodeWriter_WriteUCS4(PyUnicodeWriter *writer, Py_UCS4 *str, Py_ssize_t size)
+
+   Writer the UCS4 string *str* into *writer*.
+
+   *size* is a number of UCS4 characters.
+
+   On success, return ``0``.
+   On error, set an exception, leave the writer unchanged, and return ``-1``.
+
+.. c:function:: int PyUnicodeWriter_WriteStr(PyUnicodeWriter *writer, PyObject *obj)
+
+   Call :c:func:`PyObject_Str` on *obj* and write the output into *writer*.
+
+   On success, return ``0``.
+   On error, set an exception, leave the writer unchanged, and return ``-1``.
+
+.. c:function:: int PyUnicodeWriter_WriteRepr(PyUnicodeWriter *writer, PyObject *obj)
+
+   Call :c:func:`PyObject_Repr` on *obj* and write the output into *writer*.
+
+   On success, return ``0``.
+   On error, set an exception, leave the writer unchanged, and return ``-1``.
+
+.. c:function:: int PyUnicodeWriter_WriteSubstring(PyUnicodeWriter *writer, PyObject *str, Py_ssize_t start, Py_ssize_t end)
+
+   Write the substring ``str[start:end]`` into *writer*.
+
+   *str* must be Python :class:`str` object. *start* must be greater than or
+   equal to 0, and less than or equal to *end*. *end* must be less than or
+   equal to *str* length.
+
+   On success, return ``0``.
+   On error, set an exception, leave the writer unchanged, and return ``-1``.
+
+.. c:function:: int PyUnicodeWriter_Format(PyUnicodeWriter *writer, const char *format, ...)
+
+   Similar to :c:func:`PyUnicode_FromFormat`, but write the output directly into *writer*.
+
+   On success, return ``0``.
+   On error, set an exception, leave the writer unchanged, and return ``-1``.
+
+.. c:function:: int PyUnicodeWriter_DecodeUTF8Stateful(PyUnicodeWriter *writer, const char *string, Py_ssize_t length, const char *errors, Py_ssize_t *consumed)
+
+   Decode the string *str* from UTF-8 with *errors* error handler and write the
+   output into *writer*.
+
+   *size* is the string length in bytes. If *size* is equal to ``-1``, call
+   ``strlen(str)`` to get the string length.
+
+   *errors* is an error handler name, such as ``"replace"``. If *errors* is
+   ``NULL``, use the strict error handler.
+
+   If *consumed* is not ``NULL``, set *\*consumed* to the number of decoded
+   bytes on success.
+   If *consumed* is ``NULL``, treat trailing incomplete UTF-8 byte sequences
+   as an error.
+
+   On success, return ``0``.
+   On error, set an exception, leave the writer unchanged, and return ``-1``.
+
+   See also :c:func:`PyUnicodeWriter_WriteUTF8`.
diff --git a/Doc/c-api/veryhigh.rst b/Doc/c-api/veryhigh.rst
index 67167444d0a685..9f02bdb5896563 100644
--- a/Doc/c-api/veryhigh.rst
+++ b/Doc/c-api/veryhigh.rst
@@ -25,30 +25,6 @@ are only passed to these functions if it is certain that they were created by
 the same library that the Python runtime is using.
 
 
-.. c:function:: int Py_Main(int argc, wchar_t **argv)
-
-   The main program for the standard interpreter.  This is made available for
-   programs which embed Python.  The *argc* and *argv* parameters should be
-   prepared exactly as those which are passed to a C program's :c:func:`main`
-   function (converted to wchar_t according to the user's locale).  It is
-   important to note that the argument list may be modified (but the contents of
-   the strings pointed to by the argument list are not). The return value will
-   be ``0`` if the interpreter exits normally (i.e., without an exception),
-   ``1`` if the interpreter exits due to an exception, or ``2`` if the parameter
-   list does not represent a valid Python command line.
-
-   Note that if an otherwise unhandled :exc:`SystemExit` is raised, this
-   function will not return ``1``, but exit the process, as long as
-   :c:member:`PyConfig.inspect` is zero.
-
-
-.. c:function:: int Py_BytesMain(int argc, char **argv)
-
-   Similar to :c:func:`Py_Main` but *argv* is an array of bytes strings.
-
-   .. versionadded:: 3.8
-
-
 .. c:function:: int PyRun_AnyFile(FILE *fp, const char *filename)
 
    This is a simplified interface to :c:func:`PyRun_AnyFileExFlags` below, leaving
diff --git a/Doc/c-api/weakref.rst b/Doc/c-api/weakref.rst
index ae0699383900c4..8f233e16fb17cf 100644
--- a/Doc/c-api/weakref.rst
+++ b/Doc/c-api/weakref.rst
@@ -96,3 +96,19 @@ as much as it can.
    This iterates through the weak references for *object* and calls callbacks
    for those references which have one. It returns when all callbacks have
    been attempted.
+
+
+.. c:function:: void PyUnstable_Object_ClearWeakRefsNoCallbacks(PyObject *object)
+
+   Clears the weakrefs for *object* without calling the callbacks.
+
+   This function is called by the :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dealloc` handler
+   for types with finalizers (i.e., :meth:`~object.__del__`).  The handler for
+   those objects first calls :c:func:`PyObject_ClearWeakRefs` to clear weakrefs
+   and call their callbacks, then the finalizer, and finally this function to
+   clear any weakrefs that may have been created by the finalizer.
+
+   In most circumstances, it's more appropriate to use
+   :c:func:`PyObject_ClearWeakRefs` to clear weakrefs instead of this function.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.13
diff --git a/Doc/conf.py b/Doc/conf.py
index 8a14646801ebac..7ee3c91581345d 100644
--- a/Doc/conf.py
+++ b/Doc/conf.py
@@ -6,9 +6,13 @@
 # The contents of this file are pickled, so don't put values in the namespace
 # that aren't pickleable (module imports are okay, they're removed automatically).
 
+import importlib
 import os
 import sys
 import time
+
+import sphinx
+
 sys.path.append(os.path.abspath('tools/extensions'))
 sys.path.append(os.path.abspath('includes'))
 
@@ -18,11 +22,11 @@
 # ---------------------
 
 extensions = [
-    'asdl_highlight',
+    'audit_events',
+    'availability',
     'c_annotations',
-    'escape4chm',
     'glossary_search',
-    'peg_highlight',
+    'lexers',
     'pyspecific',
     'sphinx.ext.coverage',
     'sphinx.ext.doctest',
@@ -31,13 +35,13 @@
 
 # Skip if downstream redistributors haven't installed them
 try:
-    import notfound.extension
+    import notfound.extension  # noqa: F401
 except ImportError:
     pass
 else:
     extensions.append('notfound.extension')
 try:
-    import sphinxext.opengraph
+    import sphinxext.opengraph  # noqa: F401
 except ImportError:
     pass
 else:
@@ -60,12 +64,15 @@
 
 # General substitutions.
 project = 'Python'
-copyright = f"2001-{time.strftime('%Y')}, Python Software Foundation"
+if sphinx.version_info[:2] >= (8, 1):
+    copyright = "2001-%Y, Python Software Foundation"
+else:
+    copyright = f"2001-{time.strftime('%Y')}, Python Software Foundation"
 
 # We look for the Include/patchlevel.h file in the current Python source tree
 # and replace the values accordingly.
-import patchlevel
-version, release = patchlevel.get_version_info()
+# See Doc/tools/extensions/patchlevel.py
+version, release = importlib.import_module('patchlevel').get_version_info()
 
 rst_epilog = f"""
 .. |python_version_literal| replace:: ``Python {version}``
@@ -83,11 +90,12 @@
 highlight_language = 'python3'
 
 # Minimum version of sphinx required
-needs_sphinx = '4.2'
+needs_sphinx = '7.2.6'
 
 # Create table of contents entries for domain objects (e.g. functions, classes,
 # attributes, etc.). Default is True.
-toc_object_entries = False
+toc_object_entries = True
+toc_object_entries_show_parents = 'hide'
 
 # Ignore any .rst files in the includes/ directory;
 # they're embedded in pages but not rendered individually.
@@ -131,6 +139,8 @@
     ('c:func', 'vsnprintf'),
     # Standard C types
     ('c:type', 'FILE'),
+    ('c:type', 'int8_t'),
+    ('c:type', 'int16_t'),
     ('c:type', 'int32_t'),
     ('c:type', 'int64_t'),
     ('c:type', 'intmax_t'),
@@ -140,6 +150,9 @@
     ('c:type', 'size_t'),
     ('c:type', 'ssize_t'),
     ('c:type', 'time_t'),
+    ('c:type', 'uint8_t'),
+    ('c:type', 'uint16_t'),
+    ('c:type', 'uint32_t'),
     ('c:type', 'uint64_t'),
     ('c:type', 'uintmax_t'),
     ('c:type', 'uintptr_t'),
@@ -242,6 +255,7 @@
     ('c:data', 'PyExc_OverflowError'),
     ('c:data', 'PyExc_PermissionError'),
     ('c:data', 'PyExc_ProcessLookupError'),
+    ('c:data', 'PyExc_PythonFinalizationError'),
     ('c:data', 'PyExc_RecursionError'),
     ('c:data', 'PyExc_ReferenceError'),
     ('c:data', 'PyExc_RuntimeError'),
@@ -272,6 +286,9 @@
     ('c:data', 'PyExc_UnicodeWarning'),
     ('c:data', 'PyExc_UserWarning'),
     ('c:data', 'PyExc_Warning'),
+    # Undocumented public C macros
+    ('c:macro', 'Py_BUILD_ASSERT'),
+    ('c:macro', 'Py_BUILD_ASSERT_EXPR'),
     # Do not error nit-picky mode builds when _SubParsersAction.add_parser cannot
     # be resolved, as the method is currently undocumented. For context, see
     # https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/103289.
@@ -296,7 +313,8 @@
 
 # Disable Docutils smartquotes for several translations
 smartquotes_excludes = {
-    'languages': ['ja', 'fr', 'zh_TW', 'zh_CN'], 'builders': ['man', 'text'],
+    'languages': ['ja', 'fr', 'zh_TW', 'zh_CN'],
+    'builders': ['man', 'text'],
 }
 
 # Avoid a warning with Sphinx >= 4.0
@@ -305,6 +323,7 @@
 # Allow translation of index directives
 gettext_additional_targets = [
     'index',
+    'literal-block',
 ]
 
 # Options for HTML output
@@ -317,11 +336,13 @@
     'collapsiblesidebar': True,
     'issues_url': '/bugs.html',
     'license_url': '/license.html',
-    'root_include_title': False   # We use the version switcher instead.
+    'root_include_title': False,  # We use the version switcher instead.
 }
 
 if os.getenv("READTHEDOCS"):
-    html_theme_options["hosted_on"] = '<a href="https://about.readthedocs.com/">Read the Docs</a>'
+    html_theme_options["hosted_on"] = (
+        '<a href="https://about.readthedocs.com/">Read the Docs</a>'
+    )
 
 # Override stylesheet fingerprinting for Windows CHM htmlhelp to fix GH-91207
 # https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/91207
@@ -335,16 +356,25 @@
 
 # Deployment preview information
 # (See .readthedocs.yml and https://docs.readthedocs.io/en/stable/reference/environment-variables.html)
-repository_url = os.getenv("READTHEDOCS_GIT_CLONE_URL")
+is_deployment_preview = os.getenv("READTHEDOCS_VERSION_TYPE") == "external"
+repository_url = os.getenv("READTHEDOCS_GIT_CLONE_URL", "")
+repository_url = repository_url.removesuffix(".git")
 html_context = {
-    "is_deployment_preview": os.getenv("READTHEDOCS_VERSION_TYPE") == "external",
-    "repository_url": repository_url.removesuffix(".git") if repository_url else None,
+    "is_deployment_preview": is_deployment_preview,
+    "repository_url": repository_url or None,
     "pr_id": os.getenv("READTHEDOCS_VERSION"),
     "enable_analytics": os.getenv("PYTHON_DOCS_ENABLE_ANALYTICS"),
 }
 
 # This 'Last updated on:' timestamp is inserted at the bottom of every page.
-html_last_updated_fmt = time.strftime('%b %d, %Y (%H:%M UTC)', time.gmtime())
+html_last_updated_fmt = '%b %d, %Y (%H:%M UTC)'
+if sphinx.version_info[:2] >= (8, 1):
+    html_last_updated_use_utc = True
+else:
+    html_time = int(os.environ.get('SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH', time.time()))
+    html_last_updated_fmt = time.strftime(
+        html_last_updated_fmt, time.gmtime(html_time)
+    )
 
 # Path to find HTML templates.
 templates_path = ['tools/templates']
@@ -394,8 +424,8 @@
 \let\endVerbatim=\endOriginalVerbatim
 \setcounter{tocdepth}{2}
 ''',
-    # The paper size ('letter' or 'a4').
-    'papersize': 'a4',
+    # The paper size ('letterpaper' or 'a4paper').
+    'papersize': 'a4paper',
     # The font size ('10pt', '11pt' or '12pt').
     'pointsize': '10pt',
 }
@@ -404,30 +434,70 @@
 # (source start file, target name, title, author, document class [howto/manual]).
 _stdauthor = 'Guido van Rossum and the Python development team'
 latex_documents = [
-    ('c-api/index', 'c-api.tex',
-     'The Python/C API', _stdauthor, 'manual'),
-    ('extending/index', 'extending.tex',
-     'Extending and Embedding Python', _stdauthor, 'manual'),
-    ('installing/index', 'installing.tex',
-     'Installing Python Modules', _stdauthor, 'manual'),
-    ('library/index', 'library.tex',
-     'The Python Library Reference', _stdauthor, 'manual'),
-    ('reference/index', 'reference.tex',
-     'The Python Language Reference', _stdauthor, 'manual'),
-    ('tutorial/index', 'tutorial.tex',
-     'Python Tutorial', _stdauthor, 'manual'),
-    ('using/index', 'using.tex',
-     'Python Setup and Usage', _stdauthor, 'manual'),
-    ('faq/index', 'faq.tex',
-     'Python Frequently Asked Questions', _stdauthor, 'manual'),
-    ('whatsnew/' + version, 'whatsnew.tex',
-     'What\'s New in Python', 'A. M. Kuchling', 'howto'),
+    ('c-api/index', 'c-api.tex', 'The Python/C API', _stdauthor, 'manual'),
+    (
+        'extending/index',
+        'extending.tex',
+        'Extending and Embedding Python',
+        _stdauthor,
+        'manual',
+    ),
+    (
+        'installing/index',
+        'installing.tex',
+        'Installing Python Modules',
+        _stdauthor,
+        'manual',
+    ),
+    (
+        'library/index',
+        'library.tex',
+        'The Python Library Reference',
+        _stdauthor,
+        'manual',
+    ),
+    (
+        'reference/index',
+        'reference.tex',
+        'The Python Language Reference',
+        _stdauthor,
+        'manual',
+    ),
+    (
+        'tutorial/index',
+        'tutorial.tex',
+        'Python Tutorial',
+        _stdauthor,
+        'manual',
+    ),
+    (
+        'using/index',
+        'using.tex',
+        'Python Setup and Usage',
+        _stdauthor,
+        'manual',
+    ),
+    (
+        'faq/index',
+        'faq.tex',
+        'Python Frequently Asked Questions',
+        _stdauthor,
+        'manual',
+    ),
+    (
+        'whatsnew/' + version,
+        'whatsnew.tex',
+        'What\'s New in Python',
+        'A. M. Kuchling',
+        'howto',
+    ),
 ]
 # Collect all HOWTOs individually
-latex_documents.extend(('howto/' + fn[:-4], 'howto-' + fn[:-4] + '.tex',
-                        '', _stdauthor, 'howto')
-                       for fn in os.listdir('howto')
-                       if fn.endswith('.rst') and fn != 'index.rst')
+latex_documents.extend(
+    ('howto/' + fn[:-4], 'howto-' + fn[:-4] + '.tex', '', _stdauthor, 'howto')
+    for fn in os.listdir('howto')
+    if fn.endswith('.rst') and fn != 'index.rst'
+)
 
 # Documents to append as an appendix to all manuals.
 latex_appendices = ['glossary', 'about', 'license', 'copyright']
@@ -455,8 +525,7 @@
     'test($|_)',
 ]
 
-coverage_ignore_classes = [
-]
+coverage_ignore_classes = []
 
 # Glob patterns for C source files for C API coverage, relative to this directory.
 coverage_c_path = [
@@ -473,7 +542,7 @@
 # The coverage checker will ignore all C items whose names match these regexes
 # (using re.match) -- the keys must be the same as in coverage_c_regexes.
 coverage_ignore_c_items = {
-#    'cfunction': [...]
+    # 'cfunction': [...]
 }
 
 
@@ -495,9 +564,15 @@
     r'https://msdn.microsoft.com/.*': 'https://learn.microsoft.com/.*',
     r'https://docs.microsoft.com/.*': 'https://learn.microsoft.com/.*',
     r'https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/\?LinkID=\d+': 'https://learn.microsoft.com/.*',
+    # Debian's man page redirects to its current stable version
+    r'https://manpages.debian.org/\w+\(\d(\w+)?\)': r'https://manpages.debian.org/\w+/[\w/\-\.]*\.\d(\w+)?\.en\.html',
     # Language redirects
     r'https://toml.io': 'https://toml.io/en/',
     r'https://www.redhat.com': 'https://www.redhat.com/en',
+    # pypi.org project name normalization (upper to lowercase, underscore to hyphen)
+    r'https://pypi.org/project/[A-Za-z\d_\-\.]+/': r'https://pypi.org/project/[a-z\d\-\.]+/',
+    # Discourse title name expansion (text changes when title is edited)
+    r'https://discuss\.python\.org/t/\d+': r'https://discuss\.python\.org/t/.*/\d+',
     # Other redirects
     r'https://www.boost.org/libs/.+': r'https://www.boost.org/doc/libs/\d_\d+_\d/.+',
     r'https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/\d+': 'https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/topic/.+',
@@ -531,21 +606,31 @@
 # mapping unique short aliases to a base URL and a prefix.
 # https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/usage/extensions/extlinks.html
 extlinks = {
-    "cve": ("https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-%s", "CVE-%s"),
-    "cwe": ("https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/%s.html", "CWE-%s"),
     "pypi": ("https://pypi.org/project/%s/", "%s"),
     "source": (SOURCE_URI, "%s"),
 }
 extlinks_detect_hardcoded_links = True
 
-# Options for extensions
-# ----------------------
+if sphinx.version_info[:2] < (8, 1):
+    # Sphinx 8.1 has in-built CVE and CWE roles.
+    extlinks |= {
+        "cve": (
+            "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-%s",
+            "CVE-%s",
+        ),
+        "cwe": ("https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/%s.html", "CWE-%s"),
+    }
+
+# Options for c_annotations
+# -------------------------
 
 # Relative filename of the data files
 refcount_file = 'data/refcounts.dat'
 stable_abi_file = 'data/stable_abi.dat'
 
-# sphinxext-opengraph config
+# Options for sphinxext-opengraph
+# -------------------------------
+
 ogp_site_url = 'https://docs.python.org/3/'
 ogp_site_name = 'Python documentation'
 ogp_image = '_static/og-image.png'
diff --git a/Doc/constraints.txt b/Doc/constraints.txt
index 147de1271eb2b7..26ac1862dbac0b 100644
--- a/Doc/constraints.txt
+++ b/Doc/constraints.txt
@@ -7,18 +7,20 @@
 # Direct dependencies of Sphinx
 babel<3
 colorama<0.5
-imagesize<1.5
-Jinja2<3.2
-packaging<24
-Pygments>=2.16.1,<3
+imagesize<2
+Jinja2<4
+packaging<25
+Pygments<3
 requests<3
 snowballstemmer<3
-sphinxcontrib-applehelp<1.1
-sphinxcontrib-devhelp<1.1
-sphinxcontrib-htmlhelp<2.1
-sphinxcontrib-jsmath<1.1
-sphinxcontrib-qthelp<1.1
-sphinxcontrib-serializinghtml<1.2
+# keep lower-bounds until Sphinx 8.1 is released
+# https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx/pull/12756
+sphinxcontrib-applehelp>=1.0.7,<3
+sphinxcontrib-devhelp>=1.0.6,<3
+sphinxcontrib-htmlhelp>=2.0.6,<3
+sphinxcontrib-jsmath>=1.0.1,<2
+sphinxcontrib-qthelp>=1.0.6,<3
+sphinxcontrib-serializinghtml>=1.1.9,<3
 
 # Direct dependencies of Jinja2 (Jinja is a dependency of Sphinx, see above)
-MarkupSafe<2.2
+MarkupSafe<3
diff --git a/Doc/contents.rst b/Doc/contents.rst
index 24ceacb0076b5e..b57f4b09a5dcb6 100644
--- a/Doc/contents.rst
+++ b/Doc/contents.rst
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
    installing/index.rst
    howto/index.rst
    faq/index.rst
+   deprecations/index.rst
    glossary.rst
 
    about.rst
diff --git a/Doc/data/refcounts.dat b/Doc/data/refcounts.dat
index a7d06e076a1b55..65d48f8bea7de8 100644
--- a/Doc/data/refcounts.dat
+++ b/Doc/data/refcounts.dat
@@ -364,8 +364,6 @@ PyComplex_RealAsDouble:PyObject*:op:0:
 PyContext_CheckExact:int:::
 PyContext_CheckExact:PyObject*:o:0:
 
-PyContext_ClearFreeList:int:::
-
 PyContext_Copy:PyObject*::+1:
 PyContext_Copy:PyObject*:ctx:0:
 
@@ -1030,8 +1028,6 @@ PyImport_AddModule:const char*:name::
 PyImport_AddModuleObject:PyObject*::0:reference borrowed from sys.modules
 PyImport_AddModuleObject:PyObject*:name:0:
 
-PyImport_Cleanup:void:::
-
 PyImport_ExecCodeModule:PyObject*::+1:
 PyImport_ExecCodeModule:const char*:name::
 PyImport_ExecCodeModule:PyObject*:co:0:
@@ -1136,6 +1132,10 @@ PyAIter_Check:PyObject*:o:0:
 PyIter_Next:PyObject*::+1:
 PyIter_Next:PyObject*:o:0:
 
+PyIter_NextItem:int:::
+PyIter_NextItem:PyObject*:iter:0:
+PyIter_NextItem:PyObject**:item:+1:
+
 PyIter_Send:int:::
 PyIter_Send:PyObject*:iter:0:
 PyIter_Send:PyObject*:arg:0:
@@ -2405,12 +2405,6 @@ PyUnicode_DATA:PyObject*:o:0:
 PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH:Py_ssize_t:::
 PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH:PyObject*:o:0:
 
-PyUnicode_GET_SIZE:Py_ssize_t:::
-PyUnicode_GET_SIZE:PyObject*:o:0:
-
-PyUnicode_GET_DATA_SIZE:Py_ssize_t:::
-PyUnicode_GET_DATA_SIZE:PyObject*:o:0:
-
 PyUnicode_KIND:int:::
 PyUnicode_KIND:PyObject*:o:0:
 
diff --git a/Doc/data/stable_abi.dat b/Doc/data/stable_abi.dat
index 76a035f194d911..6f9d27297e8f65 100644
--- a/Doc/data/stable_abi.dat
+++ b/Doc/data/stable_abi.dat
@@ -1,888 +1,901 @@
 role,name,added,ifdef_note,struct_abi_kind
 macro,PY_VECTORCALL_ARGUMENTS_OFFSET,3.12,,
-function,PyAIter_Check,3.10,,
-function,PyArg_Parse,3.2,,
-function,PyArg_ParseTuple,3.2,,
-function,PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords,3.2,,
-function,PyArg_UnpackTuple,3.2,,
-function,PyArg_VaParse,3.2,,
-function,PyArg_VaParseTupleAndKeywords,3.2,,
-function,PyArg_ValidateKeywordArguments,3.2,,
-var,PyBaseObject_Type,3.2,,
-function,PyBool_FromLong,3.2,,
-var,PyBool_Type,3.2,,
-function,PyBuffer_FillContiguousStrides,3.11,,
-function,PyBuffer_FillInfo,3.11,,
-function,PyBuffer_FromContiguous,3.11,,
-function,PyBuffer_GetPointer,3.11,,
-function,PyBuffer_IsContiguous,3.11,,
-function,PyBuffer_Release,3.11,,
-function,PyBuffer_SizeFromFormat,3.11,,
-function,PyBuffer_ToContiguous,3.11,,
-var,PyByteArrayIter_Type,3.2,,
-function,PyByteArray_AsString,3.2,,
-function,PyByteArray_Concat,3.2,,
-function,PyByteArray_FromObject,3.2,,
-function,PyByteArray_FromStringAndSize,3.2,,
-function,PyByteArray_Resize,3.2,,
-function,PyByteArray_Size,3.2,,
-var,PyByteArray_Type,3.2,,
-var,PyBytesIter_Type,3.2,,
-function,PyBytes_AsString,3.2,,
-function,PyBytes_AsStringAndSize,3.2,,
-function,PyBytes_Concat,3.2,,
-function,PyBytes_ConcatAndDel,3.2,,
-function,PyBytes_DecodeEscape,3.2,,
-function,PyBytes_FromFormat,3.2,,
-function,PyBytes_FromFormatV,3.2,,
-function,PyBytes_FromObject,3.2,,
-function,PyBytes_FromString,3.2,,
-function,PyBytes_FromStringAndSize,3.2,,
-function,PyBytes_Repr,3.2,,
-function,PyBytes_Size,3.2,,
-var,PyBytes_Type,3.2,,
+func,PyAIter_Check,3.10,,
+func,PyArg_Parse,3.2,,
+func,PyArg_ParseTuple,3.2,,
+func,PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords,3.2,,
+func,PyArg_UnpackTuple,3.2,,
+func,PyArg_VaParse,3.2,,
+func,PyArg_VaParseTupleAndKeywords,3.2,,
+func,PyArg_ValidateKeywordArguments,3.2,,
+data,PyBaseObject_Type,3.2,,
+func,PyBool_FromLong,3.2,,
+data,PyBool_Type,3.2,,
+func,PyBuffer_FillContiguousStrides,3.11,,
+func,PyBuffer_FillInfo,3.11,,
+func,PyBuffer_FromContiguous,3.11,,
+func,PyBuffer_GetPointer,3.11,,
+func,PyBuffer_IsContiguous,3.11,,
+func,PyBuffer_Release,3.11,,
+func,PyBuffer_SizeFromFormat,3.11,,
+func,PyBuffer_ToContiguous,3.11,,
+data,PyByteArrayIter_Type,3.2,,
+func,PyByteArray_AsString,3.2,,
+func,PyByteArray_Concat,3.2,,
+func,PyByteArray_FromObject,3.2,,
+func,PyByteArray_FromStringAndSize,3.2,,
+func,PyByteArray_Resize,3.2,,
+func,PyByteArray_Size,3.2,,
+data,PyByteArray_Type,3.2,,
+data,PyBytesIter_Type,3.2,,
+func,PyBytes_AsString,3.2,,
+func,PyBytes_AsStringAndSize,3.2,,
+func,PyBytes_Concat,3.2,,
+func,PyBytes_ConcatAndDel,3.2,,
+func,PyBytes_DecodeEscape,3.2,,
+func,PyBytes_FromFormat,3.2,,
+func,PyBytes_FromFormatV,3.2,,
+func,PyBytes_FromObject,3.2,,
+func,PyBytes_FromString,3.2,,
+func,PyBytes_FromStringAndSize,3.2,,
+func,PyBytes_Repr,3.2,,
+func,PyBytes_Size,3.2,,
+data,PyBytes_Type,3.2,,
 type,PyCFunction,3.2,,
 type,PyCFunctionFast,3.13,,
 type,PyCFunctionFastWithKeywords,3.13,,
 type,PyCFunctionWithKeywords,3.2,,
-function,PyCFunction_GetFlags,3.2,,
-function,PyCFunction_GetFunction,3.2,,
-function,PyCFunction_GetSelf,3.2,,
-function,PyCFunction_New,3.4,,
-function,PyCFunction_NewEx,3.2,,
-var,PyCFunction_Type,3.2,,
-function,PyCMethod_New,3.9,,
-function,PyCallIter_New,3.2,,
-var,PyCallIter_Type,3.2,,
-function,PyCallable_Check,3.2,,
+func,PyCFunction_GetFlags,3.2,,
+func,PyCFunction_GetFunction,3.2,,
+func,PyCFunction_GetSelf,3.2,,
+func,PyCFunction_New,3.4,,
+func,PyCFunction_NewEx,3.2,,
+data,PyCFunction_Type,3.2,,
+func,PyCMethod_New,3.9,,
+func,PyCallIter_New,3.2,,
+data,PyCallIter_Type,3.2,,
+func,PyCallable_Check,3.2,,
 type,PyCapsule_Destructor,3.2,,
-function,PyCapsule_GetContext,3.2,,
-function,PyCapsule_GetDestructor,3.2,,
-function,PyCapsule_GetName,3.2,,
-function,PyCapsule_GetPointer,3.2,,
-function,PyCapsule_Import,3.2,,
-function,PyCapsule_IsValid,3.2,,
-function,PyCapsule_New,3.2,,
-function,PyCapsule_SetContext,3.2,,
-function,PyCapsule_SetDestructor,3.2,,
-function,PyCapsule_SetName,3.2,,
-function,PyCapsule_SetPointer,3.2,,
-var,PyCapsule_Type,3.2,,
-var,PyClassMethodDescr_Type,3.2,,
-function,PyCodec_BackslashReplaceErrors,3.2,,
-function,PyCodec_Decode,3.2,,
-function,PyCodec_Decoder,3.2,,
-function,PyCodec_Encode,3.2,,
-function,PyCodec_Encoder,3.2,,
-function,PyCodec_IgnoreErrors,3.2,,
-function,PyCodec_IncrementalDecoder,3.2,,
-function,PyCodec_IncrementalEncoder,3.2,,
-function,PyCodec_KnownEncoding,3.2,,
-function,PyCodec_LookupError,3.2,,
-function,PyCodec_NameReplaceErrors,3.7,,
-function,PyCodec_Register,3.2,,
-function,PyCodec_RegisterError,3.2,,
-function,PyCodec_ReplaceErrors,3.2,,
-function,PyCodec_StreamReader,3.2,,
-function,PyCodec_StreamWriter,3.2,,
-function,PyCodec_StrictErrors,3.2,,
-function,PyCodec_Unregister,3.10,,
-function,PyCodec_XMLCharRefReplaceErrors,3.2,,
-function,PyComplex_FromDoubles,3.2,,
-function,PyComplex_ImagAsDouble,3.2,,
-function,PyComplex_RealAsDouble,3.2,,
-var,PyComplex_Type,3.2,,
-function,PyDescr_NewClassMethod,3.2,,
-function,PyDescr_NewGetSet,3.2,,
-function,PyDescr_NewMember,3.2,,
-function,PyDescr_NewMethod,3.2,,
-var,PyDictItems_Type,3.2,,
-var,PyDictIterItem_Type,3.2,,
-var,PyDictIterKey_Type,3.2,,
-var,PyDictIterValue_Type,3.2,,
-var,PyDictKeys_Type,3.2,,
-function,PyDictProxy_New,3.2,,
-var,PyDictProxy_Type,3.2,,
-var,PyDictRevIterItem_Type,3.8,,
-var,PyDictRevIterKey_Type,3.8,,
-var,PyDictRevIterValue_Type,3.8,,
-var,PyDictValues_Type,3.2,,
-function,PyDict_Clear,3.2,,
-function,PyDict_Contains,3.2,,
-function,PyDict_Copy,3.2,,
-function,PyDict_DelItem,3.2,,
-function,PyDict_DelItemString,3.2,,
-function,PyDict_GetItem,3.2,,
-function,PyDict_GetItemRef,3.13,,
-function,PyDict_GetItemString,3.2,,
-function,PyDict_GetItemStringRef,3.13,,
-function,PyDict_GetItemWithError,3.2,,
-function,PyDict_Items,3.2,,
-function,PyDict_Keys,3.2,,
-function,PyDict_Merge,3.2,,
-function,PyDict_MergeFromSeq2,3.2,,
-function,PyDict_New,3.2,,
-function,PyDict_Next,3.2,,
-function,PyDict_SetItem,3.2,,
-function,PyDict_SetItemString,3.2,,
-function,PyDict_Size,3.2,,
-var,PyDict_Type,3.2,,
-function,PyDict_Update,3.2,,
-function,PyDict_Values,3.2,,
-var,PyEllipsis_Type,3.2,,
-var,PyEnum_Type,3.2,,
-function,PyErr_BadArgument,3.2,,
-function,PyErr_BadInternalCall,3.2,,
-function,PyErr_CheckSignals,3.2,,
-function,PyErr_Clear,3.2,,
-function,PyErr_Display,3.2,,
-function,PyErr_DisplayException,3.12,,
-function,PyErr_ExceptionMatches,3.2,,
-function,PyErr_Fetch,3.2,,
-function,PyErr_Format,3.2,,
-function,PyErr_FormatV,3.5,,
-function,PyErr_GetExcInfo,3.7,,
-function,PyErr_GetHandledException,3.11,,
-function,PyErr_GetRaisedException,3.12,,
-function,PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches,3.2,,
-function,PyErr_NewException,3.2,,
-function,PyErr_NewExceptionWithDoc,3.2,,
-function,PyErr_NoMemory,3.2,,
-function,PyErr_NormalizeException,3.2,,
-function,PyErr_Occurred,3.2,,
-function,PyErr_Print,3.2,,
-function,PyErr_PrintEx,3.2,,
-function,PyErr_ProgramText,3.2,,
-function,PyErr_ResourceWarning,3.6,,
-function,PyErr_Restore,3.2,,
-function,PyErr_SetExcFromWindowsErr,3.7,on Windows,
-function,PyErr_SetExcFromWindowsErrWithFilename,3.7,on Windows,
-function,PyErr_SetExcFromWindowsErrWithFilenameObject,3.7,on Windows,
-function,PyErr_SetExcFromWindowsErrWithFilenameObjects,3.7,on Windows,
-function,PyErr_SetExcInfo,3.7,,
-function,PyErr_SetFromErrno,3.2,,
-function,PyErr_SetFromErrnoWithFilename,3.2,,
-function,PyErr_SetFromErrnoWithFilenameObject,3.2,,
-function,PyErr_SetFromErrnoWithFilenameObjects,3.7,,
-function,PyErr_SetFromWindowsErr,3.7,on Windows,
-function,PyErr_SetFromWindowsErrWithFilename,3.7,on Windows,
-function,PyErr_SetHandledException,3.11,,
-function,PyErr_SetImportError,3.7,,
-function,PyErr_SetImportErrorSubclass,3.6,,
-function,PyErr_SetInterrupt,3.2,,
-function,PyErr_SetInterruptEx,3.10,,
-function,PyErr_SetNone,3.2,,
-function,PyErr_SetObject,3.2,,
-function,PyErr_SetRaisedException,3.12,,
-function,PyErr_SetString,3.2,,
-function,PyErr_SyntaxLocation,3.2,,
-function,PyErr_SyntaxLocationEx,3.7,,
-function,PyErr_WarnEx,3.2,,
-function,PyErr_WarnExplicit,3.2,,
-function,PyErr_WarnFormat,3.2,,
-function,PyErr_WriteUnraisable,3.2,,
-function,PyEval_AcquireThread,3.2,,
-function,PyEval_EvalCode,3.2,,
-function,PyEval_EvalCodeEx,3.2,,
-function,PyEval_EvalFrame,3.2,,
-function,PyEval_EvalFrameEx,3.2,,
-function,PyEval_GetBuiltins,3.2,,
-function,PyEval_GetFrame,3.2,,
-function,PyEval_GetFrameBuiltins,3.13,,
-function,PyEval_GetFrameGlobals,3.13,,
-function,PyEval_GetFrameLocals,3.13,,
-function,PyEval_GetFuncDesc,3.2,,
-function,PyEval_GetFuncName,3.2,,
-function,PyEval_GetGlobals,3.2,,
-function,PyEval_GetLocals,3.2,,
-function,PyEval_InitThreads,3.2,,
-function,PyEval_ReleaseThread,3.2,,
-function,PyEval_RestoreThread,3.2,,
-function,PyEval_SaveThread,3.2,,
-var,PyExc_ArithmeticError,3.2,,
-var,PyExc_AssertionError,3.2,,
-var,PyExc_AttributeError,3.2,,
-var,PyExc_BaseException,3.2,,
-var,PyExc_BaseExceptionGroup,3.11,,
-var,PyExc_BlockingIOError,3.7,,
-var,PyExc_BrokenPipeError,3.7,,
-var,PyExc_BufferError,3.2,,
-var,PyExc_BytesWarning,3.2,,
-var,PyExc_ChildProcessError,3.7,,
-var,PyExc_ConnectionAbortedError,3.7,,
-var,PyExc_ConnectionError,3.7,,
-var,PyExc_ConnectionRefusedError,3.7,,
-var,PyExc_ConnectionResetError,3.7,,
-var,PyExc_DeprecationWarning,3.2,,
-var,PyExc_EOFError,3.2,,
-var,PyExc_EncodingWarning,3.10,,
-var,PyExc_EnvironmentError,3.2,,
-var,PyExc_Exception,3.2,,
-var,PyExc_FileExistsError,3.7,,
-var,PyExc_FileNotFoundError,3.7,,
-var,PyExc_FloatingPointError,3.2,,
-var,PyExc_FutureWarning,3.2,,
-var,PyExc_GeneratorExit,3.2,,
-var,PyExc_IOError,3.2,,
-var,PyExc_ImportError,3.2,,
-var,PyExc_ImportWarning,3.2,,
-var,PyExc_IncompleteInputError,3.13,,
-var,PyExc_IndentationError,3.2,,
-var,PyExc_IndexError,3.2,,
-var,PyExc_InterruptedError,3.7,,
-var,PyExc_IsADirectoryError,3.7,,
-var,PyExc_KeyError,3.2,,
-var,PyExc_KeyboardInterrupt,3.2,,
-var,PyExc_LookupError,3.2,,
-var,PyExc_MemoryError,3.2,,
-var,PyExc_ModuleNotFoundError,3.6,,
-var,PyExc_NameError,3.2,,
-var,PyExc_NotADirectoryError,3.7,,
-var,PyExc_NotImplementedError,3.2,,
-var,PyExc_OSError,3.2,,
-var,PyExc_OverflowError,3.2,,
-var,PyExc_PendingDeprecationWarning,3.2,,
-var,PyExc_PermissionError,3.7,,
-var,PyExc_ProcessLookupError,3.7,,
-var,PyExc_RecursionError,3.7,,
-var,PyExc_ReferenceError,3.2,,
-var,PyExc_ResourceWarning,3.7,,
-var,PyExc_RuntimeError,3.2,,
-var,PyExc_RuntimeWarning,3.2,,
-var,PyExc_StopAsyncIteration,3.7,,
-var,PyExc_StopIteration,3.2,,
-var,PyExc_SyntaxError,3.2,,
-var,PyExc_SyntaxWarning,3.2,,
-var,PyExc_SystemError,3.2,,
-var,PyExc_SystemExit,3.2,,
-var,PyExc_TabError,3.2,,
-var,PyExc_TimeoutError,3.7,,
-var,PyExc_TypeError,3.2,,
-var,PyExc_UnboundLocalError,3.2,,
-var,PyExc_UnicodeDecodeError,3.2,,
-var,PyExc_UnicodeEncodeError,3.2,,
-var,PyExc_UnicodeError,3.2,,
-var,PyExc_UnicodeTranslateError,3.2,,
-var,PyExc_UnicodeWarning,3.2,,
-var,PyExc_UserWarning,3.2,,
-var,PyExc_ValueError,3.2,,
-var,PyExc_Warning,3.2,,
-var,PyExc_WindowsError,3.7,on Windows,
-var,PyExc_ZeroDivisionError,3.2,,
-function,PyExceptionClass_Name,3.8,,
-function,PyException_GetArgs,3.12,,
-function,PyException_GetCause,3.2,,
-function,PyException_GetContext,3.2,,
-function,PyException_GetTraceback,3.2,,
-function,PyException_SetArgs,3.12,,
-function,PyException_SetCause,3.2,,
-function,PyException_SetContext,3.2,,
-function,PyException_SetTraceback,3.2,,
-function,PyFile_FromFd,3.2,,
-function,PyFile_GetLine,3.2,,
-function,PyFile_WriteObject,3.2,,
-function,PyFile_WriteString,3.2,,
-var,PyFilter_Type,3.2,,
-function,PyFloat_AsDouble,3.2,,
-function,PyFloat_FromDouble,3.2,,
-function,PyFloat_FromString,3.2,,
-function,PyFloat_GetInfo,3.2,,
-function,PyFloat_GetMax,3.2,,
-function,PyFloat_GetMin,3.2,,
-var,PyFloat_Type,3.2,,
+func,PyCapsule_GetContext,3.2,,
+func,PyCapsule_GetDestructor,3.2,,
+func,PyCapsule_GetName,3.2,,
+func,PyCapsule_GetPointer,3.2,,
+func,PyCapsule_Import,3.2,,
+func,PyCapsule_IsValid,3.2,,
+func,PyCapsule_New,3.2,,
+func,PyCapsule_SetContext,3.2,,
+func,PyCapsule_SetDestructor,3.2,,
+func,PyCapsule_SetName,3.2,,
+func,PyCapsule_SetPointer,3.2,,
+data,PyCapsule_Type,3.2,,
+data,PyClassMethodDescr_Type,3.2,,
+func,PyCodec_BackslashReplaceErrors,3.2,,
+func,PyCodec_Decode,3.2,,
+func,PyCodec_Decoder,3.2,,
+func,PyCodec_Encode,3.2,,
+func,PyCodec_Encoder,3.2,,
+func,PyCodec_IgnoreErrors,3.2,,
+func,PyCodec_IncrementalDecoder,3.2,,
+func,PyCodec_IncrementalEncoder,3.2,,
+func,PyCodec_KnownEncoding,3.2,,
+func,PyCodec_LookupError,3.2,,
+func,PyCodec_NameReplaceErrors,3.7,,
+func,PyCodec_Register,3.2,,
+func,PyCodec_RegisterError,3.2,,
+func,PyCodec_ReplaceErrors,3.2,,
+func,PyCodec_StreamReader,3.2,,
+func,PyCodec_StreamWriter,3.2,,
+func,PyCodec_StrictErrors,3.2,,
+func,PyCodec_Unregister,3.10,,
+func,PyCodec_XMLCharRefReplaceErrors,3.2,,
+func,PyComplex_FromDoubles,3.2,,
+func,PyComplex_ImagAsDouble,3.2,,
+func,PyComplex_RealAsDouble,3.2,,
+data,PyComplex_Type,3.2,,
+func,PyDescr_NewClassMethod,3.2,,
+func,PyDescr_NewGetSet,3.2,,
+func,PyDescr_NewMember,3.2,,
+func,PyDescr_NewMethod,3.2,,
+data,PyDictItems_Type,3.2,,
+data,PyDictIterItem_Type,3.2,,
+data,PyDictIterKey_Type,3.2,,
+data,PyDictIterValue_Type,3.2,,
+data,PyDictKeys_Type,3.2,,
+func,PyDictProxy_New,3.2,,
+data,PyDictProxy_Type,3.2,,
+data,PyDictRevIterItem_Type,3.8,,
+data,PyDictRevIterKey_Type,3.8,,
+data,PyDictRevIterValue_Type,3.8,,
+data,PyDictValues_Type,3.2,,
+func,PyDict_Clear,3.2,,
+func,PyDict_Contains,3.2,,
+func,PyDict_Copy,3.2,,
+func,PyDict_DelItem,3.2,,
+func,PyDict_DelItemString,3.2,,
+func,PyDict_GetItem,3.2,,
+func,PyDict_GetItemRef,3.13,,
+func,PyDict_GetItemString,3.2,,
+func,PyDict_GetItemStringRef,3.13,,
+func,PyDict_GetItemWithError,3.2,,
+func,PyDict_Items,3.2,,
+func,PyDict_Keys,3.2,,
+func,PyDict_Merge,3.2,,
+func,PyDict_MergeFromSeq2,3.2,,
+func,PyDict_New,3.2,,
+func,PyDict_Next,3.2,,
+func,PyDict_SetItem,3.2,,
+func,PyDict_SetItemString,3.2,,
+func,PyDict_Size,3.2,,
+data,PyDict_Type,3.2,,
+func,PyDict_Update,3.2,,
+func,PyDict_Values,3.2,,
+data,PyEllipsis_Type,3.2,,
+data,PyEnum_Type,3.2,,
+func,PyErr_BadArgument,3.2,,
+func,PyErr_BadInternalCall,3.2,,
+func,PyErr_CheckSignals,3.2,,
+func,PyErr_Clear,3.2,,
+func,PyErr_Display,3.2,,
+func,PyErr_DisplayException,3.12,,
+func,PyErr_ExceptionMatches,3.2,,
+func,PyErr_Fetch,3.2,,
+func,PyErr_Format,3.2,,
+func,PyErr_FormatV,3.5,,
+func,PyErr_GetExcInfo,3.7,,
+func,PyErr_GetHandledException,3.11,,
+func,PyErr_GetRaisedException,3.12,,
+func,PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches,3.2,,
+func,PyErr_NewException,3.2,,
+func,PyErr_NewExceptionWithDoc,3.2,,
+func,PyErr_NoMemory,3.2,,
+func,PyErr_NormalizeException,3.2,,
+func,PyErr_Occurred,3.2,,
+func,PyErr_Print,3.2,,
+func,PyErr_PrintEx,3.2,,
+func,PyErr_ProgramText,3.2,,
+func,PyErr_ResourceWarning,3.6,,
+func,PyErr_Restore,3.2,,
+func,PyErr_SetExcFromWindowsErr,3.7,on Windows,
+func,PyErr_SetExcFromWindowsErrWithFilename,3.7,on Windows,
+func,PyErr_SetExcFromWindowsErrWithFilenameObject,3.7,on Windows,
+func,PyErr_SetExcFromWindowsErrWithFilenameObjects,3.7,on Windows,
+func,PyErr_SetExcInfo,3.7,,
+func,PyErr_SetFromErrno,3.2,,
+func,PyErr_SetFromErrnoWithFilename,3.2,,
+func,PyErr_SetFromErrnoWithFilenameObject,3.2,,
+func,PyErr_SetFromErrnoWithFilenameObjects,3.7,,
+func,PyErr_SetFromWindowsErr,3.7,on Windows,
+func,PyErr_SetFromWindowsErrWithFilename,3.7,on Windows,
+func,PyErr_SetHandledException,3.11,,
+func,PyErr_SetImportError,3.7,,
+func,PyErr_SetImportErrorSubclass,3.6,,
+func,PyErr_SetInterrupt,3.2,,
+func,PyErr_SetInterruptEx,3.10,,
+func,PyErr_SetNone,3.2,,
+func,PyErr_SetObject,3.2,,
+func,PyErr_SetRaisedException,3.12,,
+func,PyErr_SetString,3.2,,
+func,PyErr_SyntaxLocation,3.2,,
+func,PyErr_SyntaxLocationEx,3.7,,
+func,PyErr_WarnEx,3.2,,
+func,PyErr_WarnExplicit,3.2,,
+func,PyErr_WarnFormat,3.2,,
+func,PyErr_WriteUnraisable,3.2,,
+func,PyEval_AcquireThread,3.2,,
+func,PyEval_EvalCode,3.2,,
+func,PyEval_EvalCodeEx,3.2,,
+func,PyEval_EvalFrame,3.2,,
+func,PyEval_EvalFrameEx,3.2,,
+func,PyEval_GetBuiltins,3.2,,
+func,PyEval_GetFrame,3.2,,
+func,PyEval_GetFrameBuiltins,3.13,,
+func,PyEval_GetFrameGlobals,3.13,,
+func,PyEval_GetFrameLocals,3.13,,
+func,PyEval_GetFuncDesc,3.2,,
+func,PyEval_GetFuncName,3.2,,
+func,PyEval_GetGlobals,3.2,,
+func,PyEval_GetLocals,3.2,,
+func,PyEval_InitThreads,3.2,,
+func,PyEval_ReleaseThread,3.2,,
+func,PyEval_RestoreThread,3.2,,
+func,PyEval_SaveThread,3.2,,
+data,PyExc_ArithmeticError,3.2,,
+data,PyExc_AssertionError,3.2,,
+data,PyExc_AttributeError,3.2,,
+data,PyExc_BaseException,3.2,,
+data,PyExc_BaseExceptionGroup,3.11,,
+data,PyExc_BlockingIOError,3.7,,
+data,PyExc_BrokenPipeError,3.7,,
+data,PyExc_BufferError,3.2,,
+data,PyExc_BytesWarning,3.2,,
+data,PyExc_ChildProcessError,3.7,,
+data,PyExc_ConnectionAbortedError,3.7,,
+data,PyExc_ConnectionError,3.7,,
+data,PyExc_ConnectionRefusedError,3.7,,
+data,PyExc_ConnectionResetError,3.7,,
+data,PyExc_DeprecationWarning,3.2,,
+data,PyExc_EOFError,3.2,,
+data,PyExc_EncodingWarning,3.10,,
+data,PyExc_EnvironmentError,3.2,,
+data,PyExc_Exception,3.2,,
+data,PyExc_FileExistsError,3.7,,
+data,PyExc_FileNotFoundError,3.7,,
+data,PyExc_FloatingPointError,3.2,,
+data,PyExc_FutureWarning,3.2,,
+data,PyExc_GeneratorExit,3.2,,
+data,PyExc_IOError,3.2,,
+data,PyExc_ImportError,3.2,,
+data,PyExc_ImportWarning,3.2,,
+data,PyExc_IndentationError,3.2,,
+data,PyExc_IndexError,3.2,,
+data,PyExc_InterruptedError,3.7,,
+data,PyExc_IsADirectoryError,3.7,,
+data,PyExc_KeyError,3.2,,
+data,PyExc_KeyboardInterrupt,3.2,,
+data,PyExc_LookupError,3.2,,
+data,PyExc_MemoryError,3.2,,
+data,PyExc_ModuleNotFoundError,3.6,,
+data,PyExc_NameError,3.2,,
+data,PyExc_NotADirectoryError,3.7,,
+data,PyExc_NotImplementedError,3.2,,
+data,PyExc_OSError,3.2,,
+data,PyExc_OverflowError,3.2,,
+data,PyExc_PendingDeprecationWarning,3.2,,
+data,PyExc_PermissionError,3.7,,
+data,PyExc_ProcessLookupError,3.7,,
+data,PyExc_RecursionError,3.7,,
+data,PyExc_ReferenceError,3.2,,
+data,PyExc_ResourceWarning,3.7,,
+data,PyExc_RuntimeError,3.2,,
+data,PyExc_RuntimeWarning,3.2,,
+data,PyExc_StopAsyncIteration,3.7,,
+data,PyExc_StopIteration,3.2,,
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+data,PyExc_SyntaxWarning,3.2,,
+data,PyExc_SystemError,3.2,,
+data,PyExc_SystemExit,3.2,,
+data,PyExc_TabError,3.2,,
+data,PyExc_TimeoutError,3.7,,
+data,PyExc_TypeError,3.2,,
+data,PyExc_UnboundLocalError,3.2,,
+data,PyExc_UnicodeDecodeError,3.2,,
+data,PyExc_UnicodeEncodeError,3.2,,
+data,PyExc_UnicodeError,3.2,,
+data,PyExc_UnicodeTranslateError,3.2,,
+data,PyExc_UnicodeWarning,3.2,,
+data,PyExc_UserWarning,3.2,,
+data,PyExc_ValueError,3.2,,
+data,PyExc_Warning,3.2,,
+data,PyExc_WindowsError,3.7,on Windows,
+data,PyExc_ZeroDivisionError,3.2,,
+func,PyExceptionClass_Name,3.8,,
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+func,PyException_GetCause,3.2,,
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+func,PyException_GetTraceback,3.2,,
+func,PyException_SetArgs,3.12,,
+func,PyException_SetCause,3.2,,
+func,PyException_SetContext,3.2,,
+func,PyException_SetTraceback,3.2,,
+func,PyFile_FromFd,3.2,,
+func,PyFile_GetLine,3.2,,
+func,PyFile_WriteObject,3.2,,
+func,PyFile_WriteString,3.2,,
+data,PyFilter_Type,3.2,,
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+func,PyFloat_GetInfo,3.2,,
+func,PyFloat_GetMax,3.2,,
+func,PyFloat_GetMin,3.2,,
+data,PyFloat_Type,3.2,,
 type,PyFrameObject,3.2,,opaque
-function,PyFrame_GetCode,3.10,,
-function,PyFrame_GetLineNumber,3.10,,
-function,PyFrozenSet_New,3.2,,
-var,PyFrozenSet_Type,3.2,,
-function,PyGC_Collect,3.2,,
-function,PyGC_Disable,3.10,,
-function,PyGC_Enable,3.10,,
-function,PyGC_IsEnabled,3.10,,
-function,PyGILState_Ensure,3.2,,
-function,PyGILState_GetThisThreadState,3.2,,
-function,PyGILState_Release,3.2,,
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+func,PyGC_Disable,3.10,,
+func,PyGC_Enable,3.10,,
+func,PyGC_IsEnabled,3.10,,
+func,PyGILState_Ensure,3.2,,
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+func,PyGILState_Release,3.2,,
 type,PyGILState_STATE,3.2,,
 type,PyGetSetDef,3.2,,full-abi
-var,PyGetSetDescr_Type,3.2,,
-function,PyImport_AddModule,3.2,,
-function,PyImport_AddModuleObject,3.7,,
-function,PyImport_AddModuleRef,3.13,,
-function,PyImport_AppendInittab,3.2,,
-function,PyImport_ExecCodeModule,3.2,,
-function,PyImport_ExecCodeModuleEx,3.2,,
-function,PyImport_ExecCodeModuleObject,3.7,,
-function,PyImport_ExecCodeModuleWithPathnames,3.2,,
-function,PyImport_GetImporter,3.2,,
-function,PyImport_GetMagicNumber,3.2,,
-function,PyImport_GetMagicTag,3.2,,
-function,PyImport_GetModule,3.8,,
-function,PyImport_GetModuleDict,3.2,,
-function,PyImport_Import,3.2,,
-function,PyImport_ImportFrozenModule,3.2,,
-function,PyImport_ImportFrozenModuleObject,3.7,,
-function,PyImport_ImportModule,3.2,,
-function,PyImport_ImportModuleLevel,3.2,,
-function,PyImport_ImportModuleLevelObject,3.7,,
-function,PyImport_ImportModuleNoBlock,3.2,,
-function,PyImport_ReloadModule,3.2,,
-function,PyIndex_Check,3.8,,
+data,PyGetSetDescr_Type,3.2,,
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+func,PyImport_AddModuleObject,3.7,,
+func,PyImport_AddModuleRef,3.13,,
+func,PyImport_AppendInittab,3.2,,
+func,PyImport_ExecCodeModule,3.2,,
+func,PyImport_ExecCodeModuleEx,3.2,,
+func,PyImport_ExecCodeModuleObject,3.7,,
+func,PyImport_ExecCodeModuleWithPathnames,3.2,,
+func,PyImport_GetImporter,3.2,,
+func,PyImport_GetMagicNumber,3.2,,
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 type,PyInterpreterState,3.2,,opaque
-function,PyInterpreterState_Clear,3.2,,
-function,PyInterpreterState_Delete,3.2,,
-function,PyInterpreterState_Get,3.9,,
-function,PyInterpreterState_GetDict,3.8,,
-function,PyInterpreterState_GetID,3.7,,
-function,PyInterpreterState_New,3.2,,
-function,PyIter_Check,3.8,,
-function,PyIter_Next,3.2,,
-function,PyIter_Send,3.10,,
-var,PyListIter_Type,3.2,,
-var,PyListRevIter_Type,3.2,,
-function,PyList_Append,3.2,,
-function,PyList_AsTuple,3.2,,
-function,PyList_GetItem,3.2,,
-function,PyList_GetItemRef,3.13,,
-function,PyList_GetSlice,3.2,,
-function,PyList_Insert,3.2,,
-function,PyList_New,3.2,,
-function,PyList_Reverse,3.2,,
-function,PyList_SetItem,3.2,,
-function,PyList_SetSlice,3.2,,
-function,PyList_Size,3.2,,
-function,PyList_Sort,3.2,,
-var,PyList_Type,3.2,,
+func,PyInterpreterState_Clear,3.2,,
+func,PyInterpreterState_Delete,3.2,,
+func,PyInterpreterState_Get,3.9,,
+func,PyInterpreterState_GetDict,3.8,,
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+func,PyIter_NextItem,3.14,,
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+data,PyListIter_Type,3.2,,
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+func,PyList_SetItem,3.2,,
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+data,PyList_Type,3.2,,
 type,PyLongObject,3.2,,opaque
-var,PyLongRangeIter_Type,3.2,,
-function,PyLong_AsDouble,3.2,,
-function,PyLong_AsInt,3.13,,
-function,PyLong_AsLong,3.2,,
-function,PyLong_AsLongAndOverflow,3.2,,
-function,PyLong_AsLongLong,3.2,,
-function,PyLong_AsLongLongAndOverflow,3.2,,
-function,PyLong_AsSize_t,3.2,,
-function,PyLong_AsSsize_t,3.2,,
-function,PyLong_AsUnsignedLong,3.2,,
-function,PyLong_AsUnsignedLongLong,3.2,,
-function,PyLong_AsUnsignedLongLongMask,3.2,,
-function,PyLong_AsUnsignedLongMask,3.2,,
-function,PyLong_AsVoidPtr,3.2,,
-function,PyLong_FromDouble,3.2,,
-function,PyLong_FromLong,3.2,,
-function,PyLong_FromLongLong,3.2,,
-function,PyLong_FromSize_t,3.2,,
-function,PyLong_FromSsize_t,3.2,,
-function,PyLong_FromString,3.2,,
-function,PyLong_FromUnsignedLong,3.2,,
-function,PyLong_FromUnsignedLongLong,3.2,,
-function,PyLong_FromVoidPtr,3.2,,
-function,PyLong_GetInfo,3.2,,
-var,PyLong_Type,3.2,,
-var,PyMap_Type,3.2,,
-function,PyMapping_Check,3.2,,
-function,PyMapping_GetItemString,3.2,,
-function,PyMapping_GetOptionalItem,3.13,,
-function,PyMapping_GetOptionalItemString,3.13,,
-function,PyMapping_HasKey,3.2,,
-function,PyMapping_HasKeyString,3.2,,
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-function,PyThread_acquire_lock,3.2,,
-function,PyThread_acquire_lock_timed,3.2,,
-function,PyThread_allocate_lock,3.2,,
-function,PyThread_create_key,3.2,,
-function,PyThread_delete_key,3.2,,
-function,PyThread_delete_key_value,3.2,,
-function,PyThread_exit_thread,3.2,,
-function,PyThread_free_lock,3.2,,
-function,PyThread_get_key_value,3.2,,
-function,PyThread_get_stacksize,3.2,,
-function,PyThread_get_thread_ident,3.2,,
-function,PyThread_get_thread_native_id,3.2,on platforms with native thread IDs,
-function,PyThread_init_thread,3.2,,
-function,PyThread_release_lock,3.2,,
-function,PyThread_set_key_value,3.2,,
-function,PyThread_set_stacksize,3.2,,
-function,PyThread_start_new_thread,3.2,,
-function,PyThread_tss_alloc,3.7,,
-function,PyThread_tss_create,3.7,,
-function,PyThread_tss_delete,3.7,,
-function,PyThread_tss_free,3.7,,
-function,PyThread_tss_get,3.7,,
-function,PyThread_tss_is_created,3.7,,
-function,PyThread_tss_set,3.7,,
-function,PyTraceBack_Here,3.2,,
-function,PyTraceBack_Print,3.2,,
-var,PyTraceBack_Type,3.2,,
-var,PyTupleIter_Type,3.2,,
-function,PyTuple_GetItem,3.2,,
-function,PyTuple_GetSlice,3.2,,
-function,PyTuple_New,3.2,,
-function,PyTuple_Pack,3.2,,
-function,PyTuple_SetItem,3.2,,
-function,PyTuple_Size,3.2,,
-var,PyTuple_Type,3.2,,
+func,PyThreadState_Clear,3.2,,
+func,PyThreadState_Delete,3.2,,
+func,PyThreadState_Get,3.2,,
+func,PyThreadState_GetDict,3.2,,
+func,PyThreadState_GetFrame,3.10,,
+func,PyThreadState_GetID,3.10,,
+func,PyThreadState_GetInterpreter,3.10,,
+func,PyThreadState_New,3.2,,
+func,PyThreadState_SetAsyncExc,3.2,,
+func,PyThreadState_Swap,3.2,,
+func,PyThread_GetInfo,3.3,,
+func,PyThread_ReInitTLS,3.2,,
+func,PyThread_acquire_lock,3.2,,
+func,PyThread_acquire_lock_timed,3.2,,
+func,PyThread_allocate_lock,3.2,,
+func,PyThread_create_key,3.2,,
+func,PyThread_delete_key,3.2,,
+func,PyThread_delete_key_value,3.2,,
+func,PyThread_exit_thread,3.2,,
+func,PyThread_free_lock,3.2,,
+func,PyThread_get_key_value,3.2,,
+func,PyThread_get_stacksize,3.2,,
+func,PyThread_get_thread_ident,3.2,,
+func,PyThread_get_thread_native_id,3.2,on platforms with native thread IDs,
+func,PyThread_init_thread,3.2,,
+func,PyThread_release_lock,3.2,,
+func,PyThread_set_key_value,3.2,,
+func,PyThread_set_stacksize,3.2,,
+func,PyThread_start_new_thread,3.2,,
+func,PyThread_tss_alloc,3.7,,
+func,PyThread_tss_create,3.7,,
+func,PyThread_tss_delete,3.7,,
+func,PyThread_tss_free,3.7,,
+func,PyThread_tss_get,3.7,,
+func,PyThread_tss_is_created,3.7,,
+func,PyThread_tss_set,3.7,,
+func,PyTraceBack_Here,3.2,,
+func,PyTraceBack_Print,3.2,,
+data,PyTraceBack_Type,3.2,,
+data,PyTupleIter_Type,3.2,,
+func,PyTuple_GetItem,3.2,,
+func,PyTuple_GetSlice,3.2,,
+func,PyTuple_New,3.2,,
+func,PyTuple_Pack,3.2,,
+func,PyTuple_SetItem,3.2,,
+func,PyTuple_Size,3.2,,
+data,PyTuple_Type,3.2,,
 type,PyTypeObject,3.2,,opaque
-function,PyType_ClearCache,3.2,,
-function,PyType_FromMetaclass,3.12,,
-function,PyType_FromModuleAndSpec,3.10,,
-function,PyType_FromSpec,3.2,,
-function,PyType_FromSpecWithBases,3.3,,
-function,PyType_GenericAlloc,3.2,,
-function,PyType_GenericNew,3.2,,
-function,PyType_GetFlags,3.2,,
-function,PyType_GetFullyQualifiedName,3.13,,
-function,PyType_GetModule,3.10,,
-function,PyType_GetModuleByDef,3.13,,
-function,PyType_GetModuleName,3.13,,
-function,PyType_GetModuleState,3.10,,
-function,PyType_GetName,3.11,,
-function,PyType_GetQualName,3.11,,
-function,PyType_GetSlot,3.4,,
-function,PyType_GetTypeDataSize,3.12,,
-function,PyType_IsSubtype,3.2,,
-function,PyType_Modified,3.2,,
-function,PyType_Ready,3.2,,
+func,PyType_ClearCache,3.2,,
+func,PyType_Freeze,3.14,,
+func,PyType_FromMetaclass,3.12,,
+func,PyType_FromModuleAndSpec,3.10,,
+func,PyType_FromSpec,3.2,,
+func,PyType_FromSpecWithBases,3.3,,
+func,PyType_GenericAlloc,3.2,,
+func,PyType_GenericNew,3.2,,
+func,PyType_GetBaseByToken,3.14,,
+func,PyType_GetFlags,3.2,,
+func,PyType_GetFullyQualifiedName,3.13,,
+func,PyType_GetModule,3.10,,
+func,PyType_GetModuleByDef,3.13,,
+func,PyType_GetModuleName,3.13,,
+func,PyType_GetModuleState,3.10,,
+func,PyType_GetName,3.11,,
+func,PyType_GetQualName,3.11,,
+func,PyType_GetSlot,3.4,,
+func,PyType_GetTypeDataSize,3.12,,
+func,PyType_IsSubtype,3.2,,
+func,PyType_Modified,3.2,,
+func,PyType_Ready,3.2,,
 type,PyType_Slot,3.2,,full-abi
 type,PyType_Spec,3.2,,full-abi
-var,PyType_Type,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicodeDecodeError_Create,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicodeDecodeError_GetEncoding,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicodeDecodeError_GetEnd,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicodeDecodeError_GetObject,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicodeDecodeError_GetReason,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicodeDecodeError_GetStart,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicodeDecodeError_SetEnd,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicodeDecodeError_SetReason,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicodeDecodeError_SetStart,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicodeEncodeError_GetEncoding,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicodeEncodeError_GetEnd,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicodeEncodeError_GetObject,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicodeEncodeError_GetReason,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicodeEncodeError_GetStart,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicodeEncodeError_SetEnd,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicodeEncodeError_SetReason,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicodeEncodeError_SetStart,3.2,,
-var,PyUnicodeIter_Type,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicodeTranslateError_GetEnd,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicodeTranslateError_GetObject,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicodeTranslateError_GetReason,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicodeTranslateError_GetStart,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicodeTranslateError_SetEnd,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicodeTranslateError_SetReason,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicodeTranslateError_SetStart,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicode_Append,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicode_AppendAndDel,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicode_AsASCIIString,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicode_AsCharmapString,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicode_AsDecodedObject,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicode_AsDecodedUnicode,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicode_AsEncodedObject,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicode_AsEncodedString,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicode_AsEncodedUnicode,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicode_AsLatin1String,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicode_AsMBCSString,3.7,on Windows,
-function,PyUnicode_AsRawUnicodeEscapeString,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicode_AsUCS4,3.7,,
-function,PyUnicode_AsUCS4Copy,3.7,,
-function,PyUnicode_AsUTF16String,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicode_AsUTF32String,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize,3.10,,
-function,PyUnicode_AsUTF8String,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicode_AsUnicodeEscapeString,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicode_AsWideChar,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicode_AsWideCharString,3.7,,
-function,PyUnicode_BuildEncodingMap,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicode_Compare,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicode_CompareWithASCIIString,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicode_Concat,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicode_Contains,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicode_Count,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicode_Decode,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicode_DecodeASCII,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicode_DecodeCharmap,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicode_DecodeCodePageStateful,3.7,on Windows,
-function,PyUnicode_DecodeFSDefault,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicode_DecodeFSDefaultAndSize,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicode_DecodeLatin1,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicode_DecodeLocale,3.7,,
-function,PyUnicode_DecodeLocaleAndSize,3.7,,
-function,PyUnicode_DecodeMBCS,3.7,on Windows,
-function,PyUnicode_DecodeMBCSStateful,3.7,on Windows,
-function,PyUnicode_DecodeRawUnicodeEscape,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicode_DecodeUTF16,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicode_DecodeUTF16Stateful,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicode_DecodeUTF32,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicode_DecodeUTF32Stateful,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicode_DecodeUTF7,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicode_DecodeUTF7Stateful,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicode_DecodeUTF8,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicode_DecodeUTF8Stateful,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicode_DecodeUnicodeEscape,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicode_EncodeCodePage,3.7,on Windows,
-function,PyUnicode_EncodeFSDefault,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicode_EncodeLocale,3.7,,
-function,PyUnicode_EqualToUTF8,3.13,,
-function,PyUnicode_EqualToUTF8AndSize,3.13,,
-function,PyUnicode_FSConverter,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicode_FSDecoder,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicode_Find,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicode_FindChar,3.7,,
-function,PyUnicode_Format,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicode_FromEncodedObject,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicode_FromFormat,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicode_FromFormatV,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicode_FromObject,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicode_FromOrdinal,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicode_FromString,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicode_FromWideChar,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicode_GetDefaultEncoding,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicode_GetLength,3.7,,
-function,PyUnicode_InternFromString,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicode_InternInPlace,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicode_IsIdentifier,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicode_Join,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicode_Partition,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicode_RPartition,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicode_RSplit,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicode_ReadChar,3.7,,
-function,PyUnicode_Replace,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicode_Resize,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicode_RichCompare,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicode_Split,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicode_Splitlines,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicode_Substring,3.7,,
-function,PyUnicode_Tailmatch,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicode_Translate,3.2,,
-var,PyUnicode_Type,3.2,,
-function,PyUnicode_WriteChar,3.7,,
+data,PyType_Type,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicodeDecodeError_Create,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicodeDecodeError_GetEncoding,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicodeDecodeError_GetEnd,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicodeDecodeError_GetObject,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicodeDecodeError_GetReason,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicodeDecodeError_GetStart,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicodeDecodeError_SetEnd,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicodeDecodeError_SetReason,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicodeDecodeError_SetStart,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicodeEncodeError_GetEncoding,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicodeEncodeError_GetEnd,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicodeEncodeError_GetObject,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicodeEncodeError_GetReason,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicodeEncodeError_GetStart,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicodeEncodeError_SetEnd,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicodeEncodeError_SetReason,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicodeEncodeError_SetStart,3.2,,
+data,PyUnicodeIter_Type,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicodeTranslateError_GetEnd,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicodeTranslateError_GetObject,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicodeTranslateError_GetReason,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicodeTranslateError_GetStart,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicodeTranslateError_SetEnd,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicodeTranslateError_SetReason,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicodeTranslateError_SetStart,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicode_Append,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicode_AppendAndDel,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicode_AsASCIIString,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicode_AsCharmapString,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicode_AsDecodedObject,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicode_AsDecodedUnicode,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicode_AsEncodedObject,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicode_AsEncodedString,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicode_AsEncodedUnicode,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicode_AsLatin1String,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicode_AsMBCSString,3.7,on Windows,
+func,PyUnicode_AsRawUnicodeEscapeString,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicode_AsUCS4,3.7,,
+func,PyUnicode_AsUCS4Copy,3.7,,
+func,PyUnicode_AsUTF16String,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicode_AsUTF32String,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize,3.10,,
+func,PyUnicode_AsUTF8String,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicode_AsUnicodeEscapeString,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicode_AsWideChar,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicode_AsWideCharString,3.7,,
+func,PyUnicode_BuildEncodingMap,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicode_Compare,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicode_CompareWithASCIIString,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicode_Concat,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicode_Contains,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicode_Count,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicode_Decode,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicode_DecodeASCII,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicode_DecodeCharmap,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicode_DecodeCodePageStateful,3.7,on Windows,
+func,PyUnicode_DecodeFSDefault,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicode_DecodeFSDefaultAndSize,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicode_DecodeLatin1,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicode_DecodeLocale,3.7,,
+func,PyUnicode_DecodeLocaleAndSize,3.7,,
+func,PyUnicode_DecodeMBCS,3.7,on Windows,
+func,PyUnicode_DecodeMBCSStateful,3.7,on Windows,
+func,PyUnicode_DecodeRawUnicodeEscape,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicode_DecodeUTF16,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicode_DecodeUTF16Stateful,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicode_DecodeUTF32,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicode_DecodeUTF32Stateful,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicode_DecodeUTF7,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicode_DecodeUTF7Stateful,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicode_DecodeUTF8,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicode_DecodeUTF8Stateful,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicode_DecodeUnicodeEscape,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicode_EncodeCodePage,3.7,on Windows,
+func,PyUnicode_EncodeFSDefault,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicode_EncodeLocale,3.7,,
+func,PyUnicode_Equal,3.14,,
+func,PyUnicode_EqualToUTF8,3.13,,
+func,PyUnicode_EqualToUTF8AndSize,3.13,,
+func,PyUnicode_FSConverter,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicode_FSDecoder,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicode_Find,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicode_FindChar,3.7,,
+func,PyUnicode_Format,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicode_FromEncodedObject,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicode_FromFormat,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicode_FromFormatV,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicode_FromObject,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicode_FromOrdinal,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicode_FromString,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicode_FromWideChar,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicode_GetDefaultEncoding,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicode_GetLength,3.7,,
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+func,PyUnicode_InternInPlace,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicode_IsIdentifier,3.2,,
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+func,PyUnicode_Partition,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicode_RPartition,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicode_RSplit,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicode_ReadChar,3.7,,
+func,PyUnicode_Replace,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicode_Resize,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicode_RichCompare,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicode_Split,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicode_Splitlines,3.2,,
+func,PyUnicode_Substring,3.7,,
+func,PyUnicode_Tailmatch,3.2,,
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+data,PyUnicode_Type,3.2,,
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 member,PyVarObject.ob_base,3.2,,
 member,PyVarObject.ob_size,3.2,,
-function,PyVectorcall_Call,3.12,,
-function,PyVectorcall_NARGS,3.12,,
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 type,PyWeakReference,3.2,,opaque
-function,PyWeakref_GetObject,3.2,,
-function,PyWeakref_GetRef,3.13,,
-function,PyWeakref_NewProxy,3.2,,
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-var,PyWrapperDescr_Type,3.2,,
-function,PyWrapper_New,3.2,,
-var,PyZip_Type,3.2,,
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-function,Py_AtExit,3.2,,
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 macro,Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS,3.2,,
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-function,Py_BuildValue,3.2,,
-function,Py_BytesMain,3.8,,
-function,Py_CompileString,3.2,,
-function,Py_DecRef,3.2,,
-function,Py_DecodeLocale,3.7,,
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+func,Py_BytesMain,3.8,,
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+func,Py_DecRef,3.2,,
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 macro,Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS,3.2,,
-function,Py_EncodeLocale,3.7,,
-function,Py_EndInterpreter,3.2,,
-function,Py_EnterRecursiveCall,3.9,,
-function,Py_Exit,3.2,,
-function,Py_FatalError,3.2,,
-var,Py_FileSystemDefaultEncodeErrors,3.10,,
-var,Py_FileSystemDefaultEncoding,3.2,,
-function,Py_Finalize,3.2,,
-function,Py_FinalizeEx,3.6,,
-function,Py_GenericAlias,3.9,,
-var,Py_GenericAliasType,3.9,,
-function,Py_GetBuildInfo,3.2,,
-function,Py_GetCompiler,3.2,,
-function,Py_GetConstant,3.13,,
-function,Py_GetConstantBorrowed,3.13,,
-function,Py_GetCopyright,3.2,,
-function,Py_GetExecPrefix,3.2,,
-function,Py_GetPath,3.2,,
-function,Py_GetPlatform,3.2,,
-function,Py_GetPrefix,3.2,,
-function,Py_GetProgramFullPath,3.2,,
-function,Py_GetProgramName,3.2,,
-function,Py_GetPythonHome,3.2,,
-function,Py_GetRecursionLimit,3.2,,
-function,Py_GetVersion,3.2,,
-var,Py_HasFileSystemDefaultEncoding,3.2,,
-function,Py_IncRef,3.2,,
-function,Py_Initialize,3.2,,
-function,Py_InitializeEx,3.2,,
-function,Py_Is,3.10,,
-function,Py_IsFalse,3.10,,
-function,Py_IsFinalizing,3.13,,
-function,Py_IsInitialized,3.2,,
-function,Py_IsNone,3.10,,
-function,Py_IsTrue,3.10,,
-function,Py_LeaveRecursiveCall,3.9,,
-function,Py_Main,3.2,,
-function,Py_MakePendingCalls,3.2,,
-function,Py_NewInterpreter,3.2,,
-function,Py_NewRef,3.10,,
-function,Py_ReprEnter,3.2,,
-function,Py_ReprLeave,3.2,,
-function,Py_SetProgramName,3.2,,
-function,Py_SetPythonHome,3.2,,
-function,Py_SetRecursionLimit,3.2,,
+func,Py_EncodeLocale,3.7,,
+func,Py_EndInterpreter,3.2,,
+func,Py_EnterRecursiveCall,3.9,,
+func,Py_Exit,3.2,,
+func,Py_FatalError,3.2,,
+data,Py_FileSystemDefaultEncodeErrors,3.10,,
+data,Py_FileSystemDefaultEncoding,3.2,,
+func,Py_Finalize,3.2,,
+func,Py_FinalizeEx,3.6,,
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+data,Py_GenericAliasType,3.9,,
+func,Py_GetBuildInfo,3.2,,
+func,Py_GetCompiler,3.2,,
+func,Py_GetConstant,3.13,,
+func,Py_GetConstantBorrowed,3.13,,
+func,Py_GetCopyright,3.2,,
+func,Py_GetExecPrefix,3.2,,
+func,Py_GetPath,3.2,,
+func,Py_GetPlatform,3.2,,
+func,Py_GetPrefix,3.2,,
+func,Py_GetProgramFullPath,3.2,,
+func,Py_GetProgramName,3.2,,
+func,Py_GetPythonHome,3.2,,
+func,Py_GetRecursionLimit,3.2,,
+func,Py_GetVersion,3.2,,
+data,Py_HasFileSystemDefaultEncoding,3.2,,
+func,Py_IncRef,3.2,,
+func,Py_Initialize,3.2,,
+func,Py_InitializeEx,3.2,,
+func,Py_Is,3.10,,
+func,Py_IsFalse,3.10,,
+func,Py_IsFinalizing,3.13,,
+func,Py_IsInitialized,3.2,,
+func,Py_IsNone,3.10,,
+func,Py_IsTrue,3.10,,
+func,Py_LeaveRecursiveCall,3.9,,
+func,Py_Main,3.2,,
+func,Py_MakePendingCalls,3.2,,
+func,Py_NewInterpreter,3.2,,
+func,Py_NewRef,3.10,,
+func,Py_REFCNT,3.14,,
+func,Py_ReprEnter,3.2,,
+func,Py_ReprLeave,3.2,,
+func,Py_SetProgramName,3.2,,
+func,Py_SetPythonHome,3.2,,
+func,Py_SetRecursionLimit,3.2,,
+func,Py_TYPE,3.14,,
 type,Py_UCS4,3.2,,
 macro,Py_UNBLOCK_THREADS,3.2,,
-var,Py_UTF8Mode,3.8,,
-function,Py_VaBuildValue,3.2,,
-var,Py_Version,3.11,,
-function,Py_XNewRef,3.10,,
+data,Py_UTF8Mode,3.8,,
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+data,Py_Version,3.11,,
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 type,Py_buffer,3.11,,full-abi
 type,Py_intptr_t,3.2,,
 type,Py_ssize_t,3.2,,
diff --git a/Doc/deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst b/Doc/deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..9e10bf2691e5c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Doc/deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+Pending removal in Python 3.14
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+* The ``ma_version_tag`` field in :c:type:`PyDictObject` for extension modules
+  (:pep:`699`; :gh:`101193`).
+
+* Creating :c:data:`immutable types <Py_TPFLAGS_IMMUTABLETYPE>` with mutable
+  bases (:gh:`95388`).
+
+* Functions to configure Python's initialization, deprecated in Python 3.11:
+
+  * :c:func:`!PySys_SetArgvEx()`:
+    Set :c:member:`PyConfig.argv` instead.
+  * :c:func:`!PySys_SetArgv()`:
+    Set :c:member:`PyConfig.argv` instead.
+  * :c:func:`!Py_SetProgramName()`:
+    Set :c:member:`PyConfig.program_name` instead.
+  * :c:func:`!Py_SetPythonHome()`:
+    Set :c:member:`PyConfig.home` instead.
+
+  The :c:func:`Py_InitializeFromConfig` API should be used with
+  :c:type:`PyConfig` instead.
+
+* Global configuration variables:
+
+  * :c:var:`Py_DebugFlag`:
+    Use :c:member:`PyConfig.parser_debug` instead.
+  * :c:var:`Py_VerboseFlag`:
+    Use :c:member:`PyConfig.verbose` instead.
+  * :c:var:`Py_QuietFlag`:
+    Use :c:member:`PyConfig.quiet` instead.
+  * :c:var:`Py_InteractiveFlag`:
+    Use :c:member:`PyConfig.interactive` instead.
+  * :c:var:`Py_InspectFlag`:
+    Use :c:member:`PyConfig.inspect` instead.
+  * :c:var:`Py_OptimizeFlag`:
+    Use :c:member:`PyConfig.optimization_level` instead.
+  * :c:var:`Py_NoSiteFlag`:
+    Use :c:member:`PyConfig.site_import` instead.
+  * :c:var:`Py_BytesWarningFlag`:
+    Use :c:member:`PyConfig.bytes_warning` instead.
+  * :c:var:`Py_FrozenFlag`:
+    Use :c:member:`PyConfig.pathconfig_warnings` instead.
+  * :c:var:`Py_IgnoreEnvironmentFlag`:
+    Use :c:member:`PyConfig.use_environment` instead.
+  * :c:var:`Py_DontWriteBytecodeFlag`:
+    Use :c:member:`PyConfig.write_bytecode` instead.
+  * :c:var:`Py_NoUserSiteDirectory`:
+    Use :c:member:`PyConfig.user_site_directory` instead.
+  * :c:var:`Py_UnbufferedStdioFlag`:
+    Use :c:member:`PyConfig.buffered_stdio` instead.
+  * :c:var:`Py_HashRandomizationFlag`:
+    Use :c:member:`PyConfig.use_hash_seed`
+    and :c:member:`PyConfig.hash_seed` instead.
+  * :c:var:`Py_IsolatedFlag`:
+    Use :c:member:`PyConfig.isolated` instead.
+  * :c:var:`Py_LegacyWindowsFSEncodingFlag`:
+    Use :c:member:`PyPreConfig.legacy_windows_fs_encoding` instead.
+  * :c:var:`Py_LegacyWindowsStdioFlag`:
+    Use :c:member:`PyConfig.legacy_windows_stdio` instead.
+  * :c:var:`!Py_FileSystemDefaultEncoding`:
+    Use :c:member:`PyConfig.filesystem_encoding` instead.
+  * :c:var:`!Py_HasFileSystemDefaultEncoding`:
+    Use :c:member:`PyConfig.filesystem_encoding` instead.
+  * :c:var:`!Py_FileSystemDefaultEncodeErrors`:
+    Use :c:member:`PyConfig.filesystem_errors` instead.
+  * :c:var:`!Py_UTF8Mode`:
+    Use :c:member:`PyPreConfig.utf8_mode` instead.
+    (see :c:func:`Py_PreInitialize`)
+
+  The :c:func:`Py_InitializeFromConfig` API should be used with
+  :c:type:`PyConfig` instead.
diff --git a/Doc/deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.15.rst b/Doc/deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.15.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..0ce0f9c118c094
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Doc/deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.15.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+Pending removal in Python 3.15
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+* The bundled copy of ``libmpdecimal``.
+* The :c:func:`PyImport_ImportModuleNoBlock`:
+  Use :c:func:`PyImport_ImportModule` instead.
+* :c:func:`PyWeakref_GetObject` and :c:func:`PyWeakref_GET_OBJECT`:
+  Use :c:func:`PyWeakref_GetRef` instead.
+* :c:type:`Py_UNICODE` type and the :c:macro:`!Py_UNICODE_WIDE` macro:
+  Use :c:type:`wchar_t` instead.
+* Python initialization functions:
+
+  * :c:func:`PySys_ResetWarnOptions`:
+    Clear :data:`sys.warnoptions` and :data:`!warnings.filters` instead.
+  * :c:func:`Py_GetExecPrefix`:
+    Get :data:`sys.base_exec_prefix` and :data:`sys.exec_prefix` instead.
+  * :c:func:`Py_GetPath`:
+    Get :data:`sys.path` instead.
+  * :c:func:`Py_GetPrefix`:
+    Get :data:`sys.base_prefix` and :data:`sys.prefix` instead.
+  * :c:func:`Py_GetProgramFullPath`:
+    Get :data:`sys.executable` instead.
+  * :c:func:`Py_GetProgramName`:
+    Get :data:`sys.executable` instead.
+  * :c:func:`Py_GetPythonHome`:
+    Get :c:member:`PyConfig.home`
+    or the :envvar:`PYTHONHOME` environment variable instead.
diff --git a/Doc/deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst b/Doc/deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..8fc1c80c35d092
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Doc/deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+Pending removal in future versions
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+The following APIs are deprecated and will be removed,
+although there is currently no date scheduled for their removal.
+
+* :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_FINALIZE`:
+  Unneeded since Python 3.8.
+* :c:func:`PyErr_Fetch`:
+  Use :c:func:`PyErr_GetRaisedException` instead.
+* :c:func:`PyErr_NormalizeException`:
+  Use :c:func:`PyErr_GetRaisedException` instead.
+* :c:func:`PyErr_Restore`:
+  Use :c:func:`PyErr_SetRaisedException` instead.
+* :c:func:`PyModule_GetFilename`:
+  Use :c:func:`PyModule_GetFilenameObject` instead.
+* :c:func:`PyOS_AfterFork`:
+  Use :c:func:`PyOS_AfterFork_Child` instead.
+* :c:func:`PySlice_GetIndicesEx`:
+  Use :c:func:`PySlice_Unpack` and :c:func:`PySlice_AdjustIndices` instead.
+* :c:func:`!PyUnicode_AsDecodedObject`:
+  Use :c:func:`PyCodec_Decode` instead.
+* :c:func:`!PyUnicode_AsDecodedUnicode`:
+  Use :c:func:`PyCodec_Decode` instead.
+* :c:func:`!PyUnicode_AsEncodedObject`:
+  Use :c:func:`PyCodec_Encode` instead.
+* :c:func:`!PyUnicode_AsEncodedUnicode`:
+  Use :c:func:`PyCodec_Encode` instead.
+* :c:func:`PyUnicode_READY`:
+  Unneeded since Python 3.12
+* :c:func:`!PyErr_Display`:
+  Use :c:func:`PyErr_DisplayException` instead.
+* :c:func:`!_PyErr_ChainExceptions`:
+  Use :c:func:`!_PyErr_ChainExceptions1` instead.
+* :c:member:`!PyBytesObject.ob_shash` member:
+  call :c:func:`PyObject_Hash` instead.
+* :c:member:`!PyDictObject.ma_version_tag` member.
+* Thread Local Storage (TLS) API:
+
+  * :c:func:`PyThread_create_key`:
+    Use :c:func:`PyThread_tss_alloc` instead.
+  * :c:func:`PyThread_delete_key`:
+    Use :c:func:`PyThread_tss_free` instead.
+  * :c:func:`PyThread_set_key_value`:
+    Use :c:func:`PyThread_tss_set` instead.
+  * :c:func:`PyThread_get_key_value`:
+    Use :c:func:`PyThread_tss_get` instead.
+  * :c:func:`PyThread_delete_key_value`:
+    Use :c:func:`PyThread_tss_delete` instead.
+  * :c:func:`PyThread_ReInitTLS`:
+    Unneeded since Python 3.7.
diff --git a/Doc/deprecations/index.rst b/Doc/deprecations/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..bac6e3f18d4594
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Doc/deprecations/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+Deprecations
+============
+
+.. include:: pending-removal-in-3.15.rst
+
+.. include:: pending-removal-in-3.16.rst
+
+.. include:: pending-removal-in-future.rst
+
+C API deprecations
+------------------
+
+.. include:: c-api-pending-removal-in-3.15.rst
+
+.. include:: c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst
diff --git a/Doc/deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst b/Doc/deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..2fd2f12cc6a2c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Doc/deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+Pending removal in Python 3.13
+------------------------------
+
+Modules (see :pep:`594`):
+
+* :mod:`!aifc`
+* :mod:`!audioop`
+* :mod:`!cgi`
+* :mod:`!cgitb`
+* :mod:`!chunk`
+* :mod:`!crypt`
+* :mod:`!imghdr`
+* :mod:`!mailcap`
+* :mod:`!msilib`
+* :mod:`!nis`
+* :mod:`!nntplib`
+* :mod:`!ossaudiodev`
+* :mod:`!pipes`
+* :mod:`!sndhdr`
+* :mod:`!spwd`
+* :mod:`!sunau`
+* :mod:`!telnetlib`
+* :mod:`!uu`
+* :mod:`!xdrlib`
+
+Other modules:
+
+* :mod:`!lib2to3`, and the :program:`2to3` program (:gh:`84540`)
+
+APIs:
+
+* :class:`!configparser.LegacyInterpolation` (:gh:`90765`)
+* ``locale.resetlocale()`` (:gh:`90817`)
+* :meth:`!turtle.RawTurtle.settiltangle` (:gh:`50096`)
+* :func:`!unittest.findTestCases` (:gh:`50096`)
+* :func:`!unittest.getTestCaseNames` (:gh:`50096`)
+* :func:`!unittest.makeSuite` (:gh:`50096`)
+* :meth:`!unittest.TestProgram.usageExit` (:gh:`67048`)
+* :class:`!webbrowser.MacOSX` (:gh:`86421`)
+* :class:`classmethod` descriptor chaining (:gh:`89519`)
+* :mod:`importlib.resources` deprecated methods:
+
+  * ``contents()``
+  * ``is_resource()``
+  * ``open_binary()``
+  * ``open_text()``
+  * ``path()``
+  * ``read_binary()``
+  * ``read_text()``
+
+  Use :func:`importlib.resources.files` instead.  Refer to `importlib-resources: Migrating from Legacy
+  <https://importlib-resources.readthedocs.io/en/latest/using.html#migrating-from-legacy>`_ (:gh:`106531`)
diff --git a/Doc/deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst b/Doc/deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..b8791b8d6c387e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Doc/deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+Pending removal in Python 3.14
+------------------------------
+
+* The import system:
+
+  * Setting :attr:`~module.__loader__` on a module while
+    failing to set :attr:`__spec__.loader <importlib.machinery.ModuleSpec.loader>`
+    is deprecated. In Python 3.14, :attr:`!__loader__` will cease to be set or
+    taken into consideration by the import system or the standard library.
+
+* :mod:`argparse`: The *type*, *choices*, and *metavar* parameters
+  of :class:`!argparse.BooleanOptionalAction` are deprecated
+  and will be removed in 3.14.
+  (Contributed by Nikita Sobolev in :gh:`92248`.)
+
+* :mod:`ast`: The following features have been deprecated in documentation
+  since Python 3.8, now cause a :exc:`DeprecationWarning` to be emitted at
+  runtime when they are accessed or used, and will be removed in Python 3.14:
+
+  * :class:`!ast.Num`
+  * :class:`!ast.Str`
+  * :class:`!ast.Bytes`
+  * :class:`!ast.NameConstant`
+  * :class:`!ast.Ellipsis`
+
+  Use :class:`ast.Constant` instead.
+  (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`90953`.)
+
+* :mod:`asyncio`:
+
+  * The child watcher classes :class:`!asyncio.MultiLoopChildWatcher`,
+    :class:`!asyncio.FastChildWatcher`, :class:`!asyncio.AbstractChildWatcher`
+    and :class:`!asyncio.SafeChildWatcher` are deprecated and
+    will be removed in Python 3.14.
+    (Contributed by Kumar Aditya in :gh:`94597`.)
+
+  * :func:`!asyncio.set_child_watcher`, :func:`!asyncio.get_child_watcher`,
+    :meth:`!asyncio.AbstractEventLoopPolicy.set_child_watcher` and
+    :meth:`!asyncio.AbstractEventLoopPolicy.get_child_watcher` are deprecated
+    and will be removed in Python 3.14.
+    (Contributed by Kumar Aditya in :gh:`94597`.)
+
+  * The :meth:`~asyncio.get_event_loop` method of the
+    default event loop policy now emits a :exc:`DeprecationWarning` if there
+    is no current event loop set and it decides to create one.
+    (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka and Guido van Rossum in :gh:`100160`.)
+
+* :mod:`collections.abc`: Deprecated :class:`!collections.abc.ByteString`.
+  Prefer :class:`!Sequence` or :class:`~collections.abc.Buffer`.
+  For use in typing, prefer a union, like ``bytes | bytearray``,
+  or :class:`collections.abc.Buffer`.
+  (Contributed by Shantanu Jain in :gh:`91896`.)
+
+* :mod:`email`: Deprecated the *isdst* parameter in :func:`email.utils.localtime`.
+  (Contributed by Alan Williams in :gh:`72346`.)
+
+* :mod:`importlib.abc` deprecated classes:
+
+  * :class:`!importlib.abc.ResourceReader`
+  * :class:`!importlib.abc.Traversable`
+  * :class:`!importlib.abc.TraversableResources`
+
+  Use :mod:`importlib.resources.abc` classes instead:
+
+  * :class:`importlib.resources.abc.Traversable`
+  * :class:`importlib.resources.abc.TraversableResources`
+
+  (Contributed by Jason R. Coombs and Hugo van Kemenade in :gh:`93963`.)
+
+* :mod:`itertools` had undocumented, inefficient, historically buggy,
+  and inconsistent support for copy, deepcopy, and pickle operations.
+  This will be removed in 3.14 for a significant reduction in code
+  volume and maintenance burden.
+  (Contributed by Raymond Hettinger in :gh:`101588`.)
+
+* :mod:`multiprocessing`: The default start method will change to a safer one on
+  Linux, BSDs, and other non-macOS POSIX platforms where ``'fork'`` is currently
+  the default (:gh:`84559`). Adding a runtime warning about this was deemed too
+  disruptive as the majority of code is not expected to care. Use the
+  :func:`~multiprocessing.get_context` or
+  :func:`~multiprocessing.set_start_method` APIs to explicitly specify when
+  your code *requires* ``'fork'``.  See :ref:`multiprocessing-start-methods`.
+
+* :mod:`pathlib`: :meth:`~pathlib.PurePath.is_relative_to` and
+  :meth:`~pathlib.PurePath.relative_to`: passing additional arguments is
+  deprecated.
+
+* :mod:`pkgutil`: :func:`~pkgutil.find_loader` and :func:`~pkgutil.get_loader`
+  now raise :exc:`DeprecationWarning`;
+  use :func:`importlib.util.find_spec` instead.
+  (Contributed by Nikita Sobolev in :gh:`97850`.)
+
+* :mod:`pty`:
+
+  * ``master_open()``: use :func:`pty.openpty`.
+  * ``slave_open()``: use :func:`pty.openpty`.
+
+* :mod:`sqlite3`:
+
+  * :data:`!version` and :data:`!version_info`.
+
+  * :meth:`~sqlite3.Cursor.execute` and :meth:`~sqlite3.Cursor.executemany`
+    if :ref:`named placeholders <sqlite3-placeholders>` are used and
+    *parameters* is a sequence instead of a :class:`dict`.
+
+  * date and datetime adapter, date and timestamp converter:
+    see the :mod:`sqlite3` documentation for suggested replacement recipes.
+
+* :class:`types.CodeType`: Accessing :attr:`~codeobject.co_lnotab` was
+  deprecated in :pep:`626`
+  since 3.10 and was planned to be removed in 3.12,
+  but it only got a proper :exc:`DeprecationWarning` in 3.12.
+  May be removed in 3.14.
+  (Contributed by Nikita Sobolev in :gh:`101866`.)
+
+* :mod:`typing`: :class:`!typing.ByteString`, deprecated since Python 3.9,
+  now causes a :exc:`DeprecationWarning` to be emitted when it is used.
+
+* :mod:`urllib`:
+  :class:`!urllib.parse.Quoter` is deprecated: it was not intended to be a
+  public API.
+  (Contributed by Gregory P. Smith in :gh:`88168`.)
diff --git a/Doc/deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst b/Doc/deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..17029b8d4773bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Doc/deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+Pending removal in Python 3.15
+------------------------------
+
+* The import system:
+
+  * Setting :attr:`~module.__cached__` on a module while
+    failing to set :attr:`__spec__.cached <importlib.machinery.ModuleSpec.cached>`
+    is deprecated. In Python 3.15, :attr:`!__cached__` will cease to be set or
+    take into consideration by the import system or standard library. (:gh:`97879`)
+
+  * Setting :attr:`~module.__package__` on a module while
+    failing to set :attr:`__spec__.parent <importlib.machinery.ModuleSpec.parent>`
+    is deprecated. In Python 3.15, :attr:`!__package__` will cease to be set or
+    take into consideration by the import system or standard library. (:gh:`97879`)
+
+* :mod:`ctypes`:
+
+  * The undocumented :func:`!ctypes.SetPointerType` function
+    has been deprecated since Python 3.13.
+
+* :mod:`http.server`:
+
+  * The obsolete and rarely used :class:`~http.server.CGIHTTPRequestHandler`
+    has been deprecated since Python 3.13.
+    No direct replacement exists.
+    *Anything* is better than CGI to interface
+    a web server with a request handler.
+
+  * The :option:`!--cgi` flag to the :program:`python -m http.server`
+    command-line interface has been deprecated since Python 3.13.
+
+* :class:`locale`:
+
+  * The :func:`~locale.getdefaultlocale` function
+    has been deprecated since Python 3.11.
+    Its removal was originally planned for Python 3.13 (:gh:`90817`),
+    but has been postponed to Python 3.15.
+    Use :func:`~locale.getlocale`, :func:`~locale.setlocale`,
+    and :func:`~locale.getencoding` instead.
+    (Contributed by Hugo van Kemenade in :gh:`111187`.)
+
+* :mod:`pathlib`:
+
+  * :meth:`.PurePath.is_reserved`
+    has been deprecated since Python 3.13.
+    Use :func:`os.path.isreserved` to detect reserved paths on Windows.
+
+* :mod:`platform`:
+
+  * :func:`~platform.java_ver` has been deprecated since Python 3.13.
+    This function is only useful for Jython support, has a confusing API,
+    and is largely untested.
+
+* :mod:`threading`:
+
+  * :func:`~threading.RLock` will take no arguments in Python 3.15.
+    Passing any arguments has been deprecated since Python 3.14,
+    as the  Python version does not permit any arguments,
+    but the C version allows any number of positional or keyword arguments,
+    ignoring every argument.
+
+* :mod:`typing`:
+
+  * The undocumented keyword argument syntax for creating
+    :class:`~typing.NamedTuple` classes
+    (for example, ``Point = NamedTuple("Point", x=int, y=int)``)
+    has been deprecated since Python 3.13.
+    Use the class-based syntax or the functional syntax instead.
+
+  * The :func:`typing.no_type_check_decorator` decorator function
+    has been deprecated since Python 3.13.
+    After eight years in the :mod:`typing` module,
+    it has yet to be supported by any major type checker.
+
+* :mod:`wave`:
+
+  * The :meth:`~wave.Wave_read.getmark`, :meth:`!setmark`,
+    and :meth:`~wave.Wave_read.getmarkers` methods of
+    the :class:`~wave.Wave_read` and :class:`~wave.Wave_write` classes
+    have been deprecated since Python 3.13.
diff --git a/Doc/deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.rst b/Doc/deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..fac500d34742ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Doc/deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+Pending removal in Python 3.16
+------------------------------
+
+* :mod:`array`:
+
+  * The ``'u'`` format code (:c:type:`wchar_t`)
+    has been deprecated in documentation since Python 3.3
+    and at runtime since Python 3.13.
+    Use the ``'w'`` format code (:c:type:`Py_UCS4`)
+    for Unicode characters instead.
+
+* :mod:`asyncio`:
+
+  * :func:`!asyncio.iscoroutinefunction` is deprecated
+    and will be removed in Python 3.16,
+    use :func:`inspect.iscoroutinefunction` instead.
+    (Contributed by Jiahao Li and Kumar Aditya in :gh:`122875`.)
+
+* :mod:`builtins`:
+
+  * Bitwise inversion on boolean types, ``~True`` or ``~False``
+    has been deprecated since Python 3.12,
+    as it produces surprising and unintuitive results (``-2`` and ``-1``).
+    Use ``not x`` instead for the logical negation of a Boolean.
+    In the rare case that you need the bitwise inversion of
+    the underlying integer, convert to ``int`` explicitly (``~int(x)``).
+
+* :mod:`shutil`:
+
+  * The :class:`!ExecError` exception
+    has been deprecated since Python 3.14.
+    It has not been used by any function in :mod:`!shutil` since Python 3.4,
+    and is now an alias of :exc:`RuntimeError`.
+
+* :mod:`symtable`:
+
+  * The :meth:`Class.get_methods <symtable.Class.get_methods>` method
+    has been deprecated since Python 3.14.
+
+* :mod:`sys`:
+
+  * The :func:`~sys._enablelegacywindowsfsencoding` function
+    has been deprecated since Python 3.13.
+    Use the :envvar:`PYTHONLEGACYWINDOWSFSENCODING` environment variable instead.
+
+* :mod:`tarfile`:
+
+  * The undocumented and unused :attr:`!TarFile.tarfile` attribute
+    has been deprecated since Python 3.13.
diff --git a/Doc/deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst b/Doc/deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..5a4502ac08a5f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Doc/deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+Pending removal in future versions
+----------------------------------
+
+The following APIs will be removed in the future,
+although there is currently no date scheduled for their removal.
+
+* :mod:`builtins`:
+
+  * ``bool(NotImplemented)``.
+  * Generators: ``throw(type, exc, tb)`` and ``athrow(type, exc, tb)``
+    signature is deprecated: use ``throw(exc)`` and ``athrow(exc)`` instead,
+    the single argument signature.
+  * Currently Python accepts numeric literals immediately followed by keywords,
+    for example ``0in x``, ``1or x``, ``0if 1else 2``.  It allows confusing and
+    ambiguous expressions like ``[0x1for x in y]`` (which can be interpreted as
+    ``[0x1 for x in y]`` or ``[0x1f or x in y]``).  A syntax warning is raised
+    if the numeric literal is immediately followed by one of keywords
+    :keyword:`and`, :keyword:`else`, :keyword:`for`, :keyword:`if`,
+    :keyword:`in`, :keyword:`is` and :keyword:`or`.  In a future release it
+    will be changed to a syntax error. (:gh:`87999`)
+  * Support for ``__index__()`` and ``__int__()`` method returning non-int type:
+    these methods will be required to return an instance of a strict subclass of
+    :class:`int`.
+  * Support for ``__float__()`` method returning a strict subclass of
+    :class:`float`: these methods will be required to return an instance of
+    :class:`float`.
+  * Support for ``__complex__()`` method returning a strict subclass of
+    :class:`complex`: these methods will be required to return an instance of
+    :class:`complex`.
+  * Delegation of ``int()`` to ``__trunc__()`` method.
+  * Passing a complex number as the *real* or *imag* argument in the
+    :func:`complex` constructor is now deprecated; it should only be passed
+    as a single positional argument.
+    (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`109218`.)
+
+* :mod:`argparse`:
+
+  * Nesting argument groups and nesting mutually exclusive
+    groups are deprecated.
+  * Passing the undocumented keyword argument *prefix_chars* to
+    :meth:`~argparse.ArgumentParser.add_argument_group` is now
+    deprecated.
+  * The :class:`argparse.FileType` type converter is deprecated.
+
+* :mod:`array`'s ``'u'`` format code (:gh:`57281`)
+
+* :mod:`calendar`: ``calendar.January`` and ``calendar.February`` constants are
+  deprecated and replaced by :data:`calendar.JANUARY` and
+  :data:`calendar.FEBRUARY`.
+  (Contributed by Prince Roshan in :gh:`103636`.)
+
+* :attr:`codeobject.co_lnotab`: use the :meth:`codeobject.co_lines` method
+  instead.
+
+* :mod:`datetime`:
+
+  * :meth:`~datetime.datetime.utcnow`:
+    use ``datetime.datetime.now(tz=datetime.UTC)``.
+  * :meth:`~datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp`:
+    use ``datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(timestamp, tz=datetime.UTC)``.
+
+* :mod:`gettext`: Plural value must be an integer.
+
+* :mod:`importlib`:
+
+  * ``load_module()`` method: use ``exec_module()`` instead.
+  * :func:`~importlib.util.cache_from_source` *debug_override* parameter is
+    deprecated: use the *optimization* parameter instead.
+
+* :mod:`importlib.metadata`:
+
+  * ``EntryPoints`` tuple interface.
+  * Implicit ``None`` on return values.
+
+* :mod:`logging`: the ``warn()`` method has been deprecated
+  since Python 3.3, use :meth:`~logging.warning` instead.
+
+* :mod:`mailbox`: Use of StringIO input and text mode is deprecated, use
+  BytesIO and binary mode instead.
+
+* :mod:`os`: Calling :func:`os.register_at_fork` in multi-threaded process.
+
+* :class:`!pydoc.ErrorDuringImport`: A tuple value for *exc_info* parameter is
+  deprecated, use an exception instance.
+
+* :mod:`re`: More strict rules are now applied for numerical group references
+  and group names in regular expressions.  Only sequence of ASCII digits is now
+  accepted as a numerical reference.  The group name in bytes patterns and
+  replacement strings can now only contain ASCII letters and digits and
+  underscore.
+  (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`91760`.)
+
+* :mod:`!sre_compile`, :mod:`!sre_constants` and :mod:`!sre_parse` modules.
+
+* :mod:`shutil`: :func:`~shutil.rmtree`'s *onerror* parameter is deprecated in
+  Python 3.12; use the *onexc* parameter instead.
+
+* :mod:`ssl` options and protocols:
+
+  * :class:`ssl.SSLContext` without protocol argument is deprecated.
+  * :class:`ssl.SSLContext`: :meth:`~ssl.SSLContext.set_npn_protocols` and
+    :meth:`!selected_npn_protocol` are deprecated: use ALPN
+    instead.
+  * ``ssl.OP_NO_SSL*`` options
+  * ``ssl.OP_NO_TLS*`` options
+  * ``ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv3``
+  * ``ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS``
+  * ``ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1``
+  * ``ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_1``
+  * ``ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2``
+  * ``ssl.TLSVersion.SSLv3``
+  * ``ssl.TLSVersion.TLSv1``
+  * ``ssl.TLSVersion.TLSv1_1``
+
+* :func:`sysconfig.is_python_build` *check_home* parameter is deprecated and
+  ignored.
+
+* :mod:`threading` methods:
+
+  * :meth:`!threading.Condition.notifyAll`: use :meth:`~threading.Condition.notify_all`.
+  * :meth:`!threading.Event.isSet`: use :meth:`~threading.Event.is_set`.
+  * :meth:`!threading.Thread.isDaemon`, :meth:`threading.Thread.setDaemon`:
+    use :attr:`threading.Thread.daemon` attribute.
+  * :meth:`!threading.Thread.getName`, :meth:`threading.Thread.setName`:
+    use :attr:`threading.Thread.name` attribute.
+  * :meth:`!threading.currentThread`: use :meth:`threading.current_thread`.
+  * :meth:`!threading.activeCount`: use :meth:`threading.active_count`.
+
+* :class:`typing.Text` (:gh:`92332`).
+
+* :class:`unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase`: it is deprecated to return a value
+  that is not ``None`` from a test case.
+
+* :mod:`urllib.parse` deprecated functions: :func:`~urllib.parse.urlparse` instead
+
+  * ``splitattr()``
+  * ``splithost()``
+  * ``splitnport()``
+  * ``splitpasswd()``
+  * ``splitport()``
+  * ``splitquery()``
+  * ``splittag()``
+  * ``splittype()``
+  * ``splituser()``
+  * ``splitvalue()``
+  * ``to_bytes()``
+
+* :mod:`urllib.request`: :class:`~urllib.request.URLopener` and
+  :class:`~urllib.request.FancyURLopener` style of invoking requests is
+  deprecated. Use newer :func:`~urllib.request.urlopen` functions and methods.
+
+* :mod:`wsgiref`: ``SimpleHandler.stdout.write()`` should not do partial
+  writes.
+
+* :mod:`xml.etree.ElementTree`: Testing the truth value of an
+  :class:`~xml.etree.ElementTree.Element` is deprecated. In a future release it
+  will always return ``True``. Prefer explicit ``len(elem)`` or
+  ``elem is not None`` tests instead.
+
+* :meth:`zipimport.zipimporter.load_module` is deprecated:
+  use :meth:`~zipimport.zipimporter.exec_module` instead.
diff --git a/Doc/extending/newtypes.rst b/Doc/extending/newtypes.rst
index fd05c82b41629a..7f57a3a6aac0ed 100644
--- a/Doc/extending/newtypes.rst
+++ b/Doc/extending/newtypes.rst
@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ An interesting advantage of using the :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_members` table
 descriptors that are used at runtime is that any attribute defined this way can
 have an associated doc string simply by providing the text in the table.  An
 application can use the introspection API to retrieve the descriptor from the
-class object, and get the doc string using its :attr:`!__doc__` attribute.
+class object, and get the doc string using its :attr:`~type.__doc__` attribute.
 
 As with the :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_methods` table, a sentinel entry with a :c:member:`~PyMethodDef.ml_name` value
 of ``NULL`` is required.
diff --git a/Doc/extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst b/Doc/extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst
index 7eba9759119b3b..bcf938f117d148 100644
--- a/Doc/extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst
+++ b/Doc/extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ only used for variable-sized objects and should otherwise be zero.
    If you want your type to be subclassable from Python, and your type has the same
    :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_basicsize` as its base type, you may have problems with multiple
    inheritance.  A Python subclass of your type will have to list your type first
-   in its :attr:`~class.__bases__`, or else it will not be able to call your type's
+   in its :attr:`~type.__bases__`, or else it will not be able to call your type's
    :meth:`~object.__new__` method without getting an error.  You can avoid this problem by
    ensuring that your type has a larger value for :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_basicsize` than its
    base type does.  Most of the time, this will be true anyway, because either your
@@ -447,7 +447,7 @@ Further, the attributes can be deleted, setting the C pointers to ``NULL``.  Eve
 though we can make sure the members are initialized to non-``NULL`` values, the
 members can be set to ``NULL`` if the attributes are deleted.
 
-We define a single method, :meth:`!Custom.name()`, that outputs the objects name as the
+We define a single method, :meth:`!Custom.name`, that outputs the objects name as the
 concatenation of the first and last names. ::
 
    static PyObject *
diff --git a/Doc/faq/design.rst b/Doc/faq/design.rst
index c8beb64e39bc1a..e2710fab9cf800 100644
--- a/Doc/faq/design.rst
+++ b/Doc/faq/design.rst
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ operations. This means that as far as floating-point operations are concerned,
 Python behaves like many popular languages including C and Java.
 
 Many numbers that can be written easily in decimal notation cannot be expressed
-exactly in binary floating-point.  For example, after::
+exactly in binary floating point.  For example, after::
 
     >>> x = 1.2
 
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ which is exactly::
 The typical precision of 53 bits provides Python floats with 15--16
 decimal digits of accuracy.
 
-For a fuller explanation, please see the :ref:`floating point arithmetic
+For a fuller explanation, please see the :ref:`floating-point arithmetic
 <tut-fp-issues>` chapter in the Python tutorial.
 
 
@@ -328,7 +328,7 @@ Can Python be compiled to machine code, C or some other language?
 -----------------------------------------------------------------
 
 `Cython <https://cython.org/>`_ compiles a modified version of Python with
-optional annotations into C extensions.  `Nuitka <https://www.nuitka.net/>`_ is
+optional annotations into C extensions.  `Nuitka <https://nuitka.net/>`_ is
 an up-and-coming compiler of Python into C++ code, aiming to support the full
 Python language.
 
@@ -345,7 +345,7 @@ to perform a garbage collection, obtain debugging statistics, and tune the
 collector's parameters.
 
 Other implementations (such as `Jython <https://www.jython.org>`_ or
-`PyPy <https://www.pypy.org>`_), however, can rely on a different mechanism
+`PyPy <https://pypy.org>`_), however, can rely on a different mechanism
 such as a full-blown garbage collector.  This difference can cause some
 subtle porting problems if your Python code depends on the behavior of the
 reference counting implementation.
diff --git a/Doc/faq/extending.rst b/Doc/faq/extending.rst
index 1cff2c4091df06..3147fda7c37124 100644
--- a/Doc/faq/extending.rst
+++ b/Doc/faq/extending.rst
@@ -246,13 +246,12 @@ Then, when you run GDB:
 I want to compile a Python module on my Linux system, but some files are missing. Why?
 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-Most packaged versions of Python don't include the
-:file:`/usr/lib/python2.{x}/config/` directory, which contains various files
+Most packaged versions of Python omit some files
 required for compiling Python extensions.
 
-For Red Hat, install the python-devel RPM to get the necessary files.
+For Red Hat, install the python3-devel RPM to get the necessary files.
 
-For Debian, run ``apt-get install python-dev``.
+For Debian, run ``apt-get install python3-dev``.
 
 How do I tell "incomplete input" from "invalid input"?
 ------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/Doc/faq/general.rst b/Doc/faq/general.rst
index eb859c5d5992da..578777d7f23621 100644
--- a/Doc/faq/general.rst
+++ b/Doc/faq/general.rst
@@ -309,10 +309,9 @@ guaranteed that interfaces will remain the same throughout a series of bugfix
 releases.
 
 The latest stable releases can always be found on the `Python download page
-<https://www.python.org/downloads/>`_.  There are two production-ready versions
-of Python: 2.x and 3.x. The recommended version is 3.x, which is supported by
-most widely used libraries.  Although 2.x is still widely used, `it is not
-maintained anymore <https://peps.python.org/pep-0373/>`_.
+<https://www.python.org/downloads/>`_.
+Python 3.x is the recommended version and supported by most widely used libraries.
+Python 2.x :pep:`is not maintained anymore <373>`.
 
 How many people are using Python?
 ---------------------------------
diff --git a/Doc/faq/library.rst b/Doc/faq/library.rst
index a2900952d7bef6..d8d75ca6f2ec96 100644
--- a/Doc/faq/library.rst
+++ b/Doc/faq/library.rst
@@ -718,12 +718,12 @@ is simple::
    import random
    random.random()
 
-This returns a random floating point number in the range [0, 1).
+This returns a random floating-point number in the range [0, 1).
 
 There are also many other specialized generators in this module, such as:
 
 * ``randrange(a, b)`` chooses an integer in the range [a, b).
-* ``uniform(a, b)`` chooses a floating point number in the range [a, b).
+* ``uniform(a, b)`` chooses a floating-point number in the range [a, b).
 * ``normalvariate(mean, sdev)`` samples the normal (Gaussian) distribution.
 
 Some higher-level functions operate on sequences directly, such as:
diff --git a/Doc/faq/programming.rst b/Doc/faq/programming.rst
index 0a88c5f6384f2b..fa7b22bde1dc6f 100644
--- a/Doc/faq/programming.rst
+++ b/Doc/faq/programming.rst
@@ -869,7 +869,7 @@ How do I convert a string to a number?
 --------------------------------------
 
 For integers, use the built-in :func:`int` type constructor, e.g. ``int('144')
-== 144``.  Similarly, :func:`float` converts to floating-point,
+== 144``.  Similarly, :func:`float` converts to a floating-point number,
 e.g. ``float('144') == 144.0``.
 
 By default, these interpret the number as decimal, so that ``int('0144') ==
@@ -1013,7 +1013,7 @@ Not as such.
 For simple input parsing, the easiest approach is usually to split the line into
 whitespace-delimited words using the :meth:`~str.split` method of string objects
 and then convert decimal strings to numeric values using :func:`int` or
-:func:`float`.  :meth:`!split()` supports an optional "sep" parameter which is useful
+:func:`float`.  :meth:`!split` supports an optional "sep" parameter which is useful
 if the line uses something other than whitespace as a separator.
 
 For more complicated input parsing, regular expressions are more powerful
@@ -1613,9 +1613,16 @@ method too, and it must do so carefully.  The basic implementation of
            self.__dict__[name] = value
        ...
 
-Most :meth:`!__setattr__` implementations must modify
-:meth:`self.__dict__ <object.__dict__>` to store
-local state for self without causing an infinite recursion.
+Many :meth:`~object.__setattr__` implementations call :meth:`!object.__setattr__` to set
+an attribute on self without causing infinite recursion::
+
+   class X:
+       def __setattr__(self, name, value):
+           # Custom logic here...
+           object.__setattr__(self, name, value)
+
+Alternatively, it is possible to set attributes by inserting
+entries into :attr:`self.__dict__ <object.__dict__>` directly.
 
 
 How do I call a method defined in a base class from a derived class that extends it?
@@ -1741,11 +1748,31 @@ but effective way to define class private variables.  Any identifier of the form
 is textually replaced with ``_classname__spam``, where ``classname`` is the
 current class name with any leading underscores stripped.
 
-This doesn't guarantee privacy: an outside user can still deliberately access
-the "_classname__spam" attribute, and private values are visible in the object's
-``__dict__``.  Many Python programmers never bother to use private variable
-names at all.
+The identifier can be used unchanged within the class, but to access it outside
+the class, the mangled name must be used:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   class A:
+       def __one(self):
+           return 1
+       def two(self):
+           return 2 * self.__one()
+
+   class B(A):
+       def three(self):
+           return 3 * self._A__one()
+
+   four = 4 * A()._A__one()
+
+In particular, this does not guarantee privacy since an outside user can still
+deliberately access the private attribute; many Python programmers never bother
+to use private variable names at all.
+
+.. seealso::
 
+   The :ref:`private name mangling specifications <private-name-mangling>`
+   for details and special cases.
 
 My class defines __del__ but it is not called when I delete the object.
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/Doc/glossary.rst b/Doc/glossary.rst
index 8685369117fd87..f67f3ecad0bc40 100644
--- a/Doc/glossary.rst
+++ b/Doc/glossary.rst
@@ -36,6 +36,12 @@ Glossary
       and loaders (in the :mod:`importlib.abc` module).  You can create your own
       ABCs with the :mod:`abc` module.
 
+   annotate function
+      A function that can be called to retrieve the :term:`annotations <annotation>`
+      of an object. This function is accessible as the :attr:`~object.__annotate__`
+      attribute of functions, classes, and modules. Annotate functions are a
+      subset of :term:`evaluate functions <evaluate function>`.
+
    annotation
       A label associated with a variable, a class
       attribute or a function parameter or return value,
@@ -43,12 +49,11 @@ Glossary
 
       Annotations of local variables cannot be accessed at runtime, but
       annotations of global variables, class attributes, and functions
-      are stored in the :attr:`__annotations__`
-      special attribute of modules, classes, and functions,
-      respectively.
+      can be retrieved by calling :func:`annotationlib.get_annotations`
+      on modules, classes, and functions, respectively.
 
-      See :term:`variable annotation`, :term:`function annotation`, :pep:`484`
-      and :pep:`526`, which describe this functionality.
+      See :term:`variable annotation`, :term:`function annotation`, :pep:`484`,
+      :pep:`526`, and :pep:`649`, which describe this functionality.
       Also see :ref:`annotations-howto`
       for best practices on working with annotations.
 
@@ -226,6 +231,28 @@ Glossary
       A variable defined in a class and intended to be modified only at
       class level (i.e., not in an instance of the class).
 
+   closure variable
+      A :term:`free variable` referenced from a :term:`nested scope` that is defined in an outer
+      scope rather than being resolved at runtime from the globals or builtin namespaces.
+      May be explicitly defined with the :keyword:`nonlocal` keyword to allow write access,
+      or implicitly defined if the variable is only being read.
+
+      For example, in the ``inner`` function in the following code, both ``x`` and ``print`` are
+      :term:`free variables <free variable>`, but only ``x`` is a *closure variable*::
+
+          def outer():
+              x = 0
+              def inner():
+                  nonlocal x
+                  x += 1
+                  print(x)
+              return inner
+
+      Due to the :attr:`codeobject.co_freevars` attribute (which, despite its name, only
+      includes the names of closure variables rather than listing all referenced free
+      variables), the more general :term:`free variable` term is sometimes used even
+      when the intended meaning is to refer specifically to closure variables.
+
    complex number
       An extension of the familiar real number system in which all numbers are
       expressed as a sum of a real part and an imaginary part.  Imaginary
@@ -238,19 +265,33 @@ Glossary
       advanced mathematical feature.  If you're not aware of a need for them,
       it's almost certain you can safely ignore them.
 
+   context
+      This term has different meanings depending on where and how it is used.
+      Some common meanings:
+
+      * The temporary state or environment established by a :term:`context
+        manager` via a :keyword:`with` statement.
+      * The collection of key­value bindings associated with a particular
+        :class:`contextvars.Context` object and accessed via
+        :class:`~contextvars.ContextVar` objects.  Also see :term:`context
+        variable`.
+      * A :class:`contextvars.Context` object.  Also see :term:`current
+        context`.
+
+   context management protocol
+      The :meth:`~object.__enter__` and :meth:`~object.__exit__` methods called
+      by the :keyword:`with` statement.  See :pep:`343`.
+
    context manager
-      An object which controls the environment seen in a :keyword:`with`
-      statement by defining :meth:`~object.__enter__` and :meth:`~object.__exit__` methods.
-      See :pep:`343`.
+      An object which implements the :term:`context management protocol` and
+      controls the environment seen in a :keyword:`with` statement.  See
+      :pep:`343`.
 
    context variable
-      A variable which can have different values depending on its context.
-      This is similar to Thread-Local Storage in which each execution
-      thread may have a different value for a variable. However, with context
-      variables, there may be several contexts in one execution thread and the
-      main usage for context variables is to keep track of variables in
+      A variable whose value depends on which context is the :term:`current
+      context`.  Values are accessed via :class:`contextvars.ContextVar`
+      objects.  Context variables are primarily used to isolate state between
       concurrent asynchronous tasks.
-      See :mod:`contextvars`.
 
    contiguous
       .. index:: C-contiguous, Fortran contiguous
@@ -284,6 +325,14 @@ Glossary
       is used when necessary to distinguish this implementation from others
       such as Jython or IronPython.
 
+   current context
+      The :term:`context` (:class:`contextvars.Context` object) that is
+      currently used by :class:`~contextvars.ContextVar` objects to access (get
+      or set) the values of :term:`context variables <context variable>`.  Each
+      thread has its own current context.  Frameworks for executing asynchronous
+      tasks (see :mod:`asyncio`) associate each task with a context which
+      becomes the current context whenever the task starts or resumes execution.
+
    decorator
       A function returning another function, usually applied as a function
       transformation using the ``@wrapper`` syntax.  Common examples for
@@ -342,7 +391,7 @@ Glossary
    docstring
       A string literal which appears as the first expression in a class,
       function or module.  While ignored when the suite is executed, it is
-      recognized by the compiler and put into the :attr:`!__doc__` attribute
+      recognized by the compiler and put into the :attr:`~definition.__doc__` attribute
       of the enclosing class, function or module.  Since it is available via
       introspection, it is the canonical place for documentation of the
       object.
@@ -366,6 +415,11 @@ Glossary
       statements.  The technique contrasts with the :term:`LBYL` style
       common to many other languages such as C.
 
+   evaluate function
+      A function that can be called to evaluate a lazily evaluated attribute
+      of an object, such as the value of type aliases created with the :keyword:`type`
+      statement.
+
    expression
       A piece of syntax which can be evaluated to some value.  In other words,
       an expression is an accumulation of expression elements like literals,
@@ -429,7 +483,7 @@ Glossary
       <meta path finder>` for use with :data:`sys.meta_path`, and :term:`path
       entry finders <path entry finder>` for use with :data:`sys.path_hooks`.
 
-      See :ref:`importsystem` and :mod:`importlib` for much more detail.
+      See :ref:`finders-and-loaders` and :mod:`importlib` for much more detail.
 
    floor division
       Mathematical division that rounds down to nearest integer.  The floor
@@ -444,6 +498,13 @@ Glossary
       the :term:`global interpreter lock` which allows only one thread to
       execute Python bytecode at a time.  See :pep:`703`.
 
+   free variable
+      Formally, as defined in the :ref:`language execution model <bind_names>`, a free
+      variable is any variable used in a namespace which is not a local variable in that
+      namespace. See :term:`closure variable` for an example.
+      Pragmatically, due to the name of the :attr:`codeobject.co_freevars` attribute,
+      the term is also sometimes used as a synonym for :term:`closure variable`.
+
    function
       A series of statements which returns some value to a caller. It can also
       be passed zero or more :term:`arguments <argument>` which may be used in
@@ -556,7 +617,7 @@ Glossary
 
       As of Python 3.13, the GIL can be disabled using the :option:`--disable-gil`
       build configuration. After building Python with this option, code must be
-      run with :option:`-X gil 0 <-X>` or after setting the :envvar:`PYTHON_GIL=0 <PYTHON_GIL>`
+      run with :option:`-X gil=0 <-X>` or after setting the :envvar:`PYTHON_GIL=0 <PYTHON_GIL>`
       environment variable. This feature enables improved performance for
       multi-threaded applications and makes it easier to use multi-core CPUs
       efficiently. For more details, see :pep:`703`.
@@ -590,14 +651,12 @@ Glossary
       which ships with the standard distribution of Python.
 
    immortal
-      If an object is immortal, its reference count is never modified, and
-      therefore it is never deallocated.
-
-      Built-in strings and singletons are immortal objects. For example,
-      :const:`True` and :const:`None` singletons are immortal.
+      *Immortal objects* are a CPython implementation detail introduced
+      in :pep:`683`.
 
-      See `PEP 683 – Immortal Objects, Using a Fixed Refcount
-      <https://peps.python.org/pep-0683/>`_ for more information.
+      If an object is immortal, its :term:`reference count` is never modified,
+      and therefore it is never deallocated while the interpreter is running.
+      For example, :const:`True` and :const:`None` are immortal in CPython.
 
    immutable
       An object with a fixed value.  Immutable objects include numbers, strings and
@@ -694,6 +753,9 @@ Glossary
 
          CPython does not consistently apply the requirement that an iterator
          define :meth:`~iterator.__iter__`.
+         And also please note that the free-threading CPython does not guarantee
+         the thread-safety of iterator operations.
+
 
    key function
       A key function or collation function is a callable that returns a value
@@ -751,8 +813,11 @@ Glossary
    loader
       An object that loads a module. It must define a method named
       :meth:`load_module`. A loader is typically returned by a
-      :term:`finder`. See :pep:`302` for details and
-      :class:`importlib.abc.Loader` for an :term:`abstract base class`.
+      :term:`finder`. See also:
+
+      * :ref:`finders-and-loaders`
+      * :class:`importlib.abc.Loader`
+      * :pep:`302`
 
    locale encoding
       On Unix, it is the encoding of the LC_CTYPE locale. It can be set with
@@ -822,6 +887,8 @@ Glossary
       A namespace containing the import-related information used to load a
       module. An instance of :class:`importlib.machinery.ModuleSpec`.
 
+      See also :ref:`module-specs`.
+
    MRO
       See :term:`method resolution order`.
 
@@ -1120,7 +1187,7 @@ Glossary
       :class:`tuple`, and :class:`bytes`. Note that :class:`dict` also
       supports :meth:`~object.__getitem__` and :meth:`!__len__`, but is considered a
       mapping rather than a sequence because the lookups use arbitrary
-      :term:`immutable` keys rather than integers.
+      :term:`hashable` keys rather than integers.
 
       The :class:`collections.abc.Sequence` abstract base class
       defines a much richer interface that goes beyond just
@@ -1149,16 +1216,12 @@ Glossary
       (subscript) notation uses :class:`slice` objects internally.
 
    soft deprecated
-      A soft deprecation can be used when using an API which should no longer
-      be used to write new code, but it remains safe to continue using it in
-      existing code. The API remains documented and tested, but will not be
-      developed further (no enhancement).
-
-      The main difference between a "soft" and a (regular) "hard" deprecation
-      is that the soft deprecation does not imply scheduling the removal of the
-      deprecated API.
+      A soft deprecated API should not be used in new code,
+      but it is safe for already existing code to use it.
+      The API remains documented and tested, but will not be enhanced further.
 
-      Another difference is that a soft deprecation does not issue a warning.
+      Soft deprecation, unlike normal deprecation, does not plan on removing the API
+      and will not emit warnings.
 
       See `PEP 387: Soft Deprecation
       <https://peps.python.org/pep-0387/#soft-deprecation>`_.
@@ -1230,7 +1293,7 @@ Glossary
    type
       The type of a Python object determines what kind of object it is; every
       object has a type.  An object's type is accessible as its
-      :attr:`~instance.__class__` attribute or can be retrieved with
+      :attr:`~object.__class__` attribute or can be retrieved with
       ``type(obj)``.
 
    type alias
diff --git a/Doc/howto/annotations.rst b/Doc/howto/annotations.rst
index be8c7e6c827f57..78f3704ba5d000 100644
--- a/Doc/howto/annotations.rst
+++ b/Doc/howto/annotations.rst
@@ -34,11 +34,16 @@ Accessing The Annotations Dict Of An Object In Python 3.10 And Newer
 
 Python 3.10 adds a new function to the standard library:
 :func:`inspect.get_annotations`.  In Python versions 3.10
-and newer, calling this function is the best practice for
+through 3.13, calling this function is the best practice for
 accessing the annotations dict of any object that supports
 annotations.  This function can also "un-stringize"
 stringized annotations for you.
 
+In Python 3.14, there is a new :mod:`annotationlib` module
+with functionality for working with annotations. This
+includes a :func:`annotationlib.get_annotations` function,
+which supersedes :func:`inspect.get_annotations`.
+
 If for some reason :func:`inspect.get_annotations` isn't
 viable for your use case, you may access the
 ``__annotations__`` data member manually.  Best practice
@@ -102,9 +107,9 @@ Your code will have to have a separate code path if the object
 you're examining is a class (``isinstance(o, type)``).
 In that case, best practice relies on an implementation detail
 of Python 3.9 and before: if a class has annotations defined,
-they are stored in the class's ``__dict__`` dictionary.  Since
+they are stored in the class's :attr:`~type.__dict__` dictionary.  Since
 the class may or may not have annotations defined, best practice
-is to call the ``get`` method on the class dict.
+is to call the :meth:`~dict.get` method on the class dict.
 
 To put it all together, here is some sample code that safely
 accesses the ``__annotations__`` attribute on an arbitrary
@@ -121,8 +126,8 @@ the type of ``ann`` using :func:`isinstance` before further
 examination.
 
 Note that some exotic or malformed type objects may not have
-a ``__dict__`` attribute, so for extra safety you may also wish
-to use :func:`getattr` to access ``__dict__``.
+a :attr:`~type.__dict__` attribute, so for extra safety you may also wish
+to use :func:`getattr` to access :attr:`!__dict__`.
 
 
 Manually Un-Stringizing Stringized Annotations
@@ -184,7 +189,11 @@ Best Practices For ``__annotations__`` In Any Python Version
 * If you do assign directly to the ``__annotations__`` member
   of an object, you should always set it to a ``dict`` object.
 
-* If you directly access the ``__annotations__`` member
+* You should avoid accessing ``__annotations__`` directly on any object.
+  Instead, use :func:`annotationlib.get_annotations` (Python 3.14+)
+  or :func:`inspect.get_annotations` (Python 3.10+).
+
+* If you do directly access the ``__annotations__`` member
   of an object, you should ensure that it's a
   dictionary before attempting to examine its contents.
 
@@ -231,3 +240,12 @@ itself be quoted.  In effect the annotation is quoted
 
 This prints ``{'a': "'str'"}``.  This shouldn't really be considered
 a "quirk"; it's mentioned here simply because it might be surprising.
+
+If you use a class with a custom metaclass and access ``__annotations__``
+on the class, you may observe unexpected behavior; see
+:pep:`749 <749#pep749-metaclasses>` for some examples. You can avoid these
+quirks by using :func:`annotationlib.get_annotations` on Python 3.14+ or
+:func:`inspect.get_annotations` on Python 3.10+. On earlier versions of
+Python, you can avoid these bugs by accessing the annotations from the
+class's :attr:`~type.__dict__`
+(e.g., ``cls.__dict__.get('__annotations__', None)``).
diff --git a/Doc/howto/argparse-optparse.rst b/Doc/howto/argparse-optparse.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..cef2d893b28a62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Doc/howto/argparse-optparse.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+.. currentmodule:: argparse
+
+.. _upgrading-optparse-code:
+
+==========================
+Upgrading optparse code
+==========================
+
+Originally, the :mod:`argparse` module had attempted to maintain compatibility
+with :mod:`optparse`.  However, :mod:`optparse` was difficult to extend
+transparently, particularly with the changes required to support
+``nargs=`` specifiers and better usage messages.  When most everything in
+:mod:`optparse` had either been copy-pasted over or monkey-patched, it no
+longer seemed practical to try to maintain the backwards compatibility.
+
+The :mod:`argparse` module improves on the :mod:`optparse`
+module in a number of ways including:
+
+* Handling positional arguments.
+* Supporting subcommands.
+* Allowing alternative option prefixes like ``+`` and ``/``.
+* Handling zero-or-more and one-or-more style arguments.
+* Producing more informative usage messages.
+* Providing a much simpler interface for custom ``type`` and ``action``.
+
+A partial upgrade path from :mod:`optparse` to :mod:`argparse`:
+
+* Replace all :meth:`optparse.OptionParser.add_option` calls with
+  :meth:`ArgumentParser.add_argument` calls.
+
+* Replace ``(options, args) = parser.parse_args()`` with ``args =
+  parser.parse_args()`` and add additional :meth:`ArgumentParser.add_argument`
+  calls for the positional arguments. Keep in mind that what was previously
+  called ``options``, now in the :mod:`argparse` context is called ``args``.
+
+* Replace :meth:`optparse.OptionParser.disable_interspersed_args`
+  by using :meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_intermixed_args` instead of
+  :meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_args`.
+
+* Replace callback actions and the ``callback_*`` keyword arguments with
+  ``type`` or ``action`` arguments.
+
+* Replace string names for ``type`` keyword arguments with the corresponding
+  type objects (e.g. int, float, complex, etc).
+
+* Replace :class:`optparse.Values` with :class:`Namespace` and
+  :exc:`optparse.OptionError` and :exc:`optparse.OptionValueError` with
+  :exc:`ArgumentError`.
+
+* Replace strings with implicit arguments such as ``%default`` or ``%prog`` with
+  the standard Python syntax to use dictionaries to format strings, that is,
+  ``%(default)s`` and ``%(prog)s``.
+
+* Replace the OptionParser constructor ``version`` argument with a call to
+  ``parser.add_argument('--version', action='version', version='<the version>')``.
diff --git a/Doc/howto/argparse.rst b/Doc/howto/argparse.rst
index ae5bab90bf8131..1efbee64d60bb3 100644
--- a/Doc/howto/argparse.rst
+++ b/Doc/howto/argparse.rst
@@ -444,7 +444,7 @@ And the output:
 
    options:
      -h, --help            show this help message and exit
-     -v {0,1,2}, --verbosity {0,1,2}
+     -v, --verbosity {0,1,2}
                            increase output verbosity
 
 Note that the change also reflects both in the error message as well as the
@@ -841,6 +841,53 @@ translated messages.
 
 To translate your own strings in the :mod:`argparse` output, use :mod:`gettext`.
 
+Custom type converters
+======================
+
+The :mod:`argparse` module allows you to specify custom type converters for
+your command-line arguments. This allows you to modify user input before it's
+stored in the :class:`argparse.Namespace`. This can be useful when you need to
+pre-process the input before it is used in your program.
+
+When using a custom type converter, you can use any callable that takes a
+single string argument (the argument value) and returns the converted value.
+However, if you need to handle more complex scenarios, you can use a custom
+action class with the **action** parameter instead.
+
+For example, let's say you want to handle arguments with different prefixes and
+process them accordingly::
+
+   import argparse
+
+   parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prefix_chars='-+')
+
+   parser.add_argument('-a', metavar='<value>', action='append',
+                       type=lambda x: ('-', x))
+   parser.add_argument('+a', metavar='<value>', action='append',
+                       type=lambda x: ('+', x))
+
+   args = parser.parse_args()
+   print(args)
+
+Output:
+
+.. code-block:: shell-session
+
+   $ python prog.py -a value1 +a value2
+   Namespace(a=[('-', 'value1'), ('+', 'value2')])
+
+In this example, we:
+
+* Created a parser with custom prefix characters using the ``prefix_chars``
+  parameter.
+
+* Defined two arguments, ``-a`` and ``+a``, which used the ``type`` parameter to
+  create custom type converters to store the value in a tuple with the prefix.
+
+Without the custom type converters, the arguments would have treated the ``-a``
+and ``+a`` as the same argument, which would have been undesirable. By using custom
+type converters, we were able to differentiate between the two arguments.
+
 Conclusion
 ==========
 
diff --git a/Doc/howto/descriptor.rst b/Doc/howto/descriptor.rst
index 51f9f4a6556e57..01264bfe823746 100644
--- a/Doc/howto/descriptor.rst
+++ b/Doc/howto/descriptor.rst
@@ -389,7 +389,9 @@ Here are three practical data validation utilities:
 
         def validate(self, value):
             if value not in self.options:
-                raise ValueError(f'Expected {value!r} to be one of {self.options!r}')
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f'Expected {value!r} to be one of {self.options!r}'
+                )
 
     class Number(Validator):
 
@@ -469,6 +471,7 @@ The descriptors prevent invalid instances from being created:
     Traceback (most recent call last):
         ...
     ValueError: Expected -5 to be at least 0
+
     >>> Component('WIDGET', 'metal', 'V')    # Blocked: 'V' isn't a number
     Traceback (most recent call last):
         ...
@@ -513,7 +516,7 @@ were defined.
 
 Descriptors are a powerful, general purpose protocol.  They are the mechanism
 behind properties, methods, static methods, class methods, and
-:func:`super()`.  They are used throughout Python itself.  Descriptors
+:func:`super`.  They are used throughout Python itself.  Descriptors
 simplify the underlying C code and offer a flexible set of new tools for
 everyday Python programs.
 
@@ -559,8 +562,8 @@ attribute access.
 
 The expression ``obj.x`` looks up the attribute ``x`` in the chain of
 namespaces for ``obj``.  If the search finds a descriptor outside of the
-instance ``__dict__``, its :meth:`__get__` method is invoked according to the
-precedence rules listed below.
+instance :attr:`~object.__dict__`, its :meth:`~object.__get__` method is
+invoked according to the precedence rules listed below.
 
 The details of invocation depend on whether ``obj`` is an object, class, or
 instance of super.
@@ -787,7 +790,7 @@ Invocation from super
 ---------------------
 
 The logic for super's dotted lookup is in the :meth:`__getattribute__` method for
-object returned by :class:`super()`.
+object returned by :func:`super`.
 
 A dotted lookup such as ``super(A, obj).m`` searches ``obj.__class__.__mro__``
 for the base class ``B`` immediately following ``A`` and then returns
@@ -803,7 +806,7 @@ The full C implementation can be found in :c:func:`!super_getattro` in
 Summary of invocation logic
 ---------------------------
 
-The mechanism for descriptors is embedded in the :meth:`__getattribute__()`
+The mechanism for descriptors is embedded in the :meth:`__getattribute__`
 methods for :class:`object`, :class:`type`, and :func:`super`.
 
 The important points to remember are:
@@ -990,7 +993,7 @@ The documentation shows a typical use to define a managed attribute ``x``:
     AttributeError: 'C' object has no attribute '_C__x'
 
 To see how :func:`property` is implemented in terms of the descriptor protocol,
-here is a pure Python equivalent:
+here is a pure Python equivalent that implements most of the core functionality:
 
 .. testcode::
 
@@ -1004,59 +1007,35 @@ here is a pure Python equivalent:
             if doc is None and fget is not None:
                 doc = fget.__doc__
             self.__doc__ = doc
-            self._name = None
 
         def __set_name__(self, owner, name):
-            self._name = name
-
-        @property
-        def __name__(self):
-            return self._name if self._name is not None else self.fget.__name__
-
-        @__name__.setter
-        def __name__(self, value):
-            self._name = value
+            self.__name__ = name
 
         def __get__(self, obj, objtype=None):
             if obj is None:
                 return self
             if self.fget is None:
-                raise AttributeError(
-                    f'property {self.__name__!r} of {type(obj).__name__!r} '
-                    'object has no getter'
-                 )
+                raise AttributeError
             return self.fget(obj)
 
         def __set__(self, obj, value):
             if self.fset is None:
-                raise AttributeError(
-                    f'property {self.__name__!r} of {type(obj).__name__!r} '
-                    'object has no setter'
-                 )
+                raise AttributeError
             self.fset(obj, value)
 
         def __delete__(self, obj):
             if self.fdel is None:
-                raise AttributeError(
-                    f'property {self.__name__!r} of {type(obj).__name__!r} '
-                    'object has no deleter'
-                 )
+                raise AttributeError
             self.fdel(obj)
 
         def getter(self, fget):
-            prop = type(self)(fget, self.fset, self.fdel, self.__doc__)
-            prop._name = self._name
-            return prop
+            return type(self)(fget, self.fset, self.fdel, self.__doc__)
 
         def setter(self, fset):
-            prop = type(self)(self.fget, fset, self.fdel, self.__doc__)
-            prop._name = self._name
-            return prop
+            return type(self)(self.fget, fset, self.fdel, self.__doc__)
 
         def deleter(self, fdel):
-            prop = type(self)(self.fget, self.fset, fdel, self.__doc__)
-            prop._name = self._name
-            return prop
+            return type(self)(self.fget, self.fset, fdel, self.__doc__)
 
 .. testcode::
     :hide:
@@ -1119,23 +1098,23 @@ here is a pure Python equivalent:
     >>> try:
     ...     cc.no_getter
     ... except AttributeError as e:
-    ...     e.args[0]
+    ...     type(e).__name__
     ...
-    "property 'no_getter' of 'CC' object has no getter"
+    'AttributeError'
 
     >>> try:
     ...     cc.no_setter = 33
     ... except AttributeError as e:
-    ...     e.args[0]
+    ...     type(e).__name__
     ...
-    "property 'no_setter' of 'CC' object has no setter"
+    'AttributeError'
 
     >>> try:
     ...     del cc.no_deleter
     ... except AttributeError as e:
-    ...     e.args[0]
+    ...     type(e).__name__
     ...
-    "property 'no_deleter' of 'CC' object has no deleter"
+    'AttributeError'
 
     >>> CC.no_doc.__doc__ is None
     True
@@ -1326,8 +1305,8 @@ mean, median, and other descriptive statistics that depend on the data. However,
 there may be useful functions which are conceptually related but do not depend
 on the data.  For instance, ``erf(x)`` is handy conversion routine that comes up
 in statistical work but does not directly depend on a particular dataset.
-It can be called either from an object or the class:  ``s.erf(1.5) --> .9332`` or
-``Sample.erf(1.5) --> .9332``.
+It can be called either from an object or the class:  ``s.erf(1.5) --> 0.9332``
+or ``Sample.erf(1.5) --> 0.9332``.
 
 Since static methods return the underlying function with no changes, the
 example calls are unexciting:
@@ -1366,11 +1345,15 @@ Using the non-data descriptor protocol, a pure Python version of
         def __call__(self, *args, **kwds):
             return self.f(*args, **kwds)
 
+        @property
+        def __annotations__(self):
+            return self.f.__annotations__
+
 The :func:`functools.update_wrapper` call adds a ``__wrapped__`` attribute
 that refers to the underlying function.  Also it carries forward
 the attributes necessary to make the wrapper look like the wrapped
-function: :attr:`~function.__name__`, :attr:`~function.__qualname__`,
-:attr:`~function.__doc__`, and :attr:`~function.__annotations__`.
+function, including :attr:`~function.__name__`, :attr:`~function.__qualname__`,
+and :attr:`~function.__doc__`.
 
 .. testcode::
     :hide:
diff --git a/Doc/howto/enum.rst b/Doc/howto/enum.rst
index 30be15230fc088..66929b4104d8de 100644
--- a/Doc/howto/enum.rst
+++ b/Doc/howto/enum.rst
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+.. _enum-howto:
+
 ==========
 Enum HOWTO
 ==========
@@ -7,7 +9,7 @@ Enum HOWTO
 .. currentmodule:: enum
 
 An :class:`Enum` is a set of symbolic names bound to unique values.  They are
-similar to global variables, but they offer a more useful :func:`repr()`,
+similar to global variables, but they offer a more useful :func:`repr`,
 grouping, type-safety, and a few other features.
 
 They are most useful when you have a variable that can take one of a limited
@@ -165,7 +167,7 @@ And a function to display the chores for a given day::
     answer SO questions
 
 In cases where the actual values of the members do not matter, you can save
-yourself some work and use :func:`auto()` for the values::
+yourself some work and use :func:`auto` for the values::
 
     >>> from enum import auto
     >>> class Weekday(Flag):
@@ -606,7 +608,7 @@ The solution is to specify the module name explicitly as follows::
     the source, pickling will be disabled.
 
 The new pickle protocol 4 also, in some circumstances, relies on
-:attr:`~definition.__qualname__` being set to the location where pickle will be able
+:attr:`~type.__qualname__` being set to the location where pickle will be able
 to find the class.  For example, if the class was made available in class
 SomeData in the global scope::
 
@@ -1150,6 +1152,14 @@ the following are true:
     >>> (Color.RED | Color.GREEN).name
     'RED|GREEN'
 
+    >>> class Perm(IntFlag):
+    ...     R = 4
+    ...     W = 2
+    ...     X = 1
+    ...
+    >>> (Perm.R & Perm.W).name is None  # effectively Perm(0)
+    True
+
 - multi-bit flags, aka aliases, can be returned from operations::
 
     >>> Color.RED | Color.BLUE
diff --git a/Doc/howto/free-threading-extensions.rst b/Doc/howto/free-threading-extensions.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..6abe93d71ad529
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Doc/howto/free-threading-extensions.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,280 @@
+.. highlight:: c
+
+.. _freethreading-extensions-howto:
+
+******************************************
+C API Extension Support for Free Threading
+******************************************
+
+Starting with the 3.13 release, CPython has experimental support for running
+with the :term:`global interpreter lock` (GIL) disabled in a configuration
+called :term:`free threading`.  This document describes how to adapt C API
+extensions to support free threading.
+
+
+Identifying the Free-Threaded Build in C
+========================================
+
+The CPython C API exposes the ``Py_GIL_DISABLED`` macro: in the free-threaded
+build it's defined to ``1``, and in the regular build it's not defined.
+You can use it to enable code that only runs under the free-threaded build::
+
+    #ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    /* code that only runs in the free-threaded build */
+    #endif
+
+Module Initialization
+=====================
+
+Extension modules need to explicitly indicate that they support running with
+the GIL disabled; otherwise importing the extension will raise a warning and
+enable the GIL at runtime.
+
+There are two ways to indicate that an extension module supports running with
+the GIL disabled depending on whether the extension uses multi-phase or
+single-phase initialization.
+
+Multi-Phase Initialization
+..........................
+
+Extensions that use multi-phase initialization (i.e.,
+:c:func:`PyModuleDef_Init`) should add a :c:data:`Py_mod_gil` slot in the
+module definition.  If your extension supports older versions of CPython,
+you should guard the slot with a :c:data:`PY_VERSION_HEX` check.
+
+::
+
+    static struct PyModuleDef_Slot module_slots[] = {
+        ...
+    #if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x030D0000
+        {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
+    #endif
+        {0, NULL}
+    };
+
+    static struct PyModuleDef moduledef = {
+        PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,
+        .m_slots = module_slots,
+        ...
+    };
+
+
+Single-Phase Initialization
+...........................
+
+Extensions that use single-phase initialization (i.e.,
+:c:func:`PyModule_Create`) should call :c:func:`PyUnstable_Module_SetGIL` to
+indicate that they support running with the GIL disabled.  The function is
+only defined in the free-threaded build, so you should guard the call with
+``#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED`` to avoid compilation errors in the regular build.
+
+::
+
+    static struct PyModuleDef moduledef = {
+        PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,
+        ...
+    };
+
+    PyMODINIT_FUNC
+    PyInit_mymodule(void)
+    {
+        PyObject *m = PyModule_Create(&moduledef);
+        if (m == NULL) {
+            return NULL;
+        }
+    #ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+        PyUnstable_Module_SetGIL(m, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED);
+    #endif
+        return m;
+    }
+
+
+General API Guidelines
+======================
+
+Most of the C API is thread-safe, but there are some exceptions.
+
+* **Struct Fields**: Accessing fields in Python C API objects or structs
+  directly is not thread-safe if the field may be concurrently modified.
+* **Macros**: Accessor macros like :c:macro:`PyList_GET_ITEM` and
+  :c:macro:`PyList_SET_ITEM` do not perform any error checking or locking.
+  These macros are not thread-safe if the container object may be modified
+  concurrently.
+* **Borrowed References**: C API functions that return
+  :term:`borrowed references <borrowed reference>` may not be thread-safe if
+  the containing object is modified concurrently.  See the section on
+  :ref:`borrowed references <borrowed-references>` for more information.
+
+
+Container Thread Safety
+.......................
+
+Containers like :c:struct:`PyListObject`,
+:c:struct:`PyDictObject`, and :c:struct:`PySetObject` perform internal locking
+in the free-threaded build.  For example, the :c:func:`PyList_Append` will
+lock the list before appending an item.
+
+.. _PyDict_Next:
+
+``PyDict_Next``
+'''''''''''''''
+
+A notable exception is :c:func:`PyDict_Next`, which does not lock the
+dictionary.  You should use :c:macro:`Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION` to protect
+the dictionary while iterating over it if the dictionary may be concurrently
+modified::
+
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(dict);
+    PyObject *key, *value;
+    Py_ssize_t pos = 0;
+    while (PyDict_Next(dict, &pos, &key, &value)) {
+        ...
+    }
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+
+
+Borrowed References
+===================
+
+.. _borrowed-references:
+
+Some C API functions return :term:`borrowed references <borrowed reference>`.
+These APIs are not thread-safe if the containing object is modified
+concurrently.  For example, it's not safe to use :c:func:`PyList_GetItem`
+if the list may be modified concurrently.
+
+The following table lists some borrowed reference APIs and their replacements
+that return :term:`strong references <strong reference>`.
+
++-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
+| Borrowed reference API            | Strong reference API              |
++===================================+===================================+
+| :c:func:`PyList_GetItem`          | :c:func:`PyList_GetItemRef`       |
++-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
+| :c:func:`PyDict_GetItem`          | :c:func:`PyDict_GetItemRef`       |
++-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
+| :c:func:`PyDict_GetItemWithError` | :c:func:`PyDict_GetItemRef`       |
++-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
+| :c:func:`PyDict_GetItemString`    | :c:func:`PyDict_GetItemStringRef` |
++-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
+| :c:func:`PyDict_SetDefault`       | :c:func:`PyDict_SetDefaultRef`    |
++-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
+| :c:func:`PyDict_Next`             | none (see :ref:`PyDict_Next`)     |
++-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
+| :c:func:`PyWeakref_GetObject`     | :c:func:`PyWeakref_GetRef`        |
++-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
+| :c:func:`PyWeakref_GET_OBJECT`    | :c:func:`PyWeakref_GetRef`        |
++-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
+| :c:func:`PyImport_AddModule`      | :c:func:`PyImport_AddModuleRef`   |
++-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
+
+Not all APIs that return borrowed references are problematic.  For
+example, :c:func:`PyTuple_GetItem` is safe because tuples are immutable.
+Similarly, not all uses of the above APIs are problematic.  For example,
+:c:func:`PyDict_GetItem` is often used for parsing keyword argument
+dictionaries in function calls; those keyword argument dictionaries are
+effectively private (not accessible by other threads), so using borrowed
+references in that context is safe.
+
+Some of these functions were added in Python 3.13.  You can use the
+`pythoncapi-compat <https://github.com/python/pythoncapi-compat>`_ package
+to provide implementations of these functions for older Python versions.
+
+
+.. _free-threaded-memory-allocation:
+
+Memory Allocation APIs
+======================
+
+Python's memory management C API provides functions in three different
+:ref:`allocation domains <allocator-domains>`: "raw", "mem", and "object".
+For thread-safety, the free-threaded build requires that only Python objects
+are allocated using the object domain, and that all Python object are
+allocated using that domain.  This differs from the prior Python versions,
+where this was only a best practice and not a hard requirement.
+
+.. note::
+
+   Search for uses of :c:func:`PyObject_Malloc` in your
+   extension and check that the allocated memory is used for Python objects.
+   Use :c:func:`PyMem_Malloc` to allocate buffers instead of
+   :c:func:`PyObject_Malloc`.
+
+
+Thread State and GIL APIs
+=========================
+
+Python provides a set of functions and macros to manage thread state and the
+GIL, such as:
+
+* :c:func:`PyGILState_Ensure` and :c:func:`PyGILState_Release`
+* :c:func:`PyEval_SaveThread` and :c:func:`PyEval_RestoreThread`
+* :c:macro:`Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS` and :c:macro:`Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS`
+
+These functions should still be used in the free-threaded build to manage
+thread state even when the :term:`GIL` is disabled.  For example, if you
+create a thread outside of Python, you must call :c:func:`PyGILState_Ensure`
+before calling into the Python API to ensure that the thread has a valid
+Python thread state.
+
+You should continue to call :c:func:`PyEval_SaveThread` or
+:c:macro:`Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS` around blocking operations, such as I/O or
+lock acquisitions, to allow other threads to run the
+:term:`cyclic garbage collector <garbage collection>`.
+
+
+Protecting Internal Extension State
+===================================
+
+Your extension may have internal state that was previously protected by the
+GIL.  You may need to add locking to protect this state.  The approach will
+depend on your extension, but some common patterns include:
+
+* **Caches**: global caches are a common source of shared state.  Consider
+  using a lock to protect the cache or disabling it in the free-threaded build
+  if the cache is not critical for performance.
+* **Global State**: global state may need to be protected by a lock or moved
+  to thread local storage. C11 and C++11 provide the ``thread_local`` or
+  ``_Thread_local`` for
+  `thread-local storage <https://en.cppreference.com/w/c/language/storage_duration>`_.
+
+
+Building Extensions for the Free-Threaded Build
+===============================================
+
+C API extensions need to be built specifically for the free-threaded build.
+The wheels, shared libraries, and binaries are indicated by a ``t`` suffix.
+
+* `pypa/manylinux <https://github.com/pypa/manylinux>`_ supports the
+  free-threaded build, with the ``t`` suffix, such as ``python3.13t``.
+* `pypa/cibuildwheel <https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel>`_ supports the
+  free-threaded build if you set
+  `CIBW_FREE_THREADED_SUPPORT <https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#free-threaded-support>`_.
+
+Limited C API and Stable ABI
+............................
+
+The free-threaded build does not currently support the
+:ref:`Limited C API <limited-c-api>` or the stable ABI.  If you use
+`setuptools <https://setuptools.pypa.io/en/latest/setuptools.html>`_ to build
+your extension and currently set ``py_limited_api=True`` you can use
+``py_limited_api=not sysconfig.get_config_var("Py_GIL_DISABLED")`` to opt out
+of the limited API when building with the free-threaded build.
+
+.. note::
+    You will need to build separate wheels specifically for the free-threaded
+    build.  If you currently use the stable ABI, you can continue to build a
+    single wheel for multiple non-free-threaded Python versions.
+
+
+Windows
+.......
+
+Due to a limitation of the official Windows installer, you will need to
+manually define ``Py_GIL_DISABLED=1`` when building extensions from source.
+
+.. seealso::
+
+   `Porting Extension Modules to Support Free-Threading
+   <https://py-free-threading.github.io/porting/>`_:
+   A community-maintained porting guide for extension authors.
diff --git a/Doc/howto/free-threading-python.rst b/Doc/howto/free-threading-python.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..b21e3287ecaa3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Doc/howto/free-threading-python.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+.. _freethreading-python-howto:
+
+**********************************************
+Python experimental support for free threading
+**********************************************
+
+Starting with the 3.13 release, CPython has experimental support for a build of
+Python called :term:`free threading` where the :term:`global interpreter lock`
+(GIL) is disabled.  Free-threaded execution allows for full utilization of the
+available processing power by running threads in parallel on available CPU cores.
+While not all software will benefit from this automatically, programs
+designed with threading in mind will run faster on multi-core hardware.
+
+**The free-threaded mode is experimental** and work is ongoing to improve it:
+expect some bugs and a substantial single-threaded performance hit.
+
+This document describes the implications of free threading
+for Python code.  See :ref:`freethreading-extensions-howto` for information on
+how to write C extensions that support the free-threaded build.
+
+.. seealso::
+
+   :pep:`703` – Making the Global Interpreter Lock Optional in CPython for an
+   overall description of free-threaded Python.
+
+
+Installation
+============
+
+Starting with Python 3.13, the official macOS and Windows installers
+optionally support installing free-threaded Python binaries.  The installers
+are available at https://www.python.org/downloads/.
+
+For information on other platforms, see the `Installing a Free-Threaded Python
+<https://py-free-threading.github.io/installing_cpython/>`_, a
+community-maintained installation guide for installing free-threaded Python.
+
+When building CPython from source, the :option:`--disable-gil` configure option
+should be used to build a free-threaded Python interpreter.
+
+
+Identifying free-threaded Python
+================================
+
+To check if the current interpreter supports free-threading, :option:`python -VV <-V>`
+and :attr:`sys.version` contain "experimental free-threading build".
+The new :func:`sys._is_gil_enabled` function can be used to check whether
+the GIL is actually disabled in the running process.
+
+The ``sysconfig.get_config_var("Py_GIL_DISABLED")`` configuration variable can
+be used to determine whether the build supports free threading.  If the variable
+is set to ``1``, then the build supports free threading.  This is the recommended
+mechanism for decisions related to the build configuration.
+
+
+The global interpreter lock in free-threaded Python
+===================================================
+
+Free-threaded builds of CPython support optionally running with the GIL enabled
+at runtime using the environment variable :envvar:`PYTHON_GIL` or
+the command-line option :option:`-X gil`.
+
+The GIL may also automatically be enabled when importing a C-API extension
+module that is not explicitly marked as supporting free threading.  A warning
+will be printed in this case.
+
+In addition to individual package documentation, the following websites track
+the status of popular packages support for free threading:
+
+* https://py-free-threading.github.io/tracking/
+* https://hugovk.github.io/free-threaded-wheels/
+
+
+Thread safety
+=============
+
+The free-threaded build of CPython aims to provide similar thread-safety
+behavior at the Python level to the default GIL-enabled build.  Built-in
+types like :class:`dict`, :class:`list`, and :class:`set` use internal locks
+to protect against concurrent modifications in ways that behave similarly to
+the GIL.  However, Python has not historically guaranteed specific behavior for
+concurrent modifications to these built-in types, so this should be treated
+as a description of the current implementation, not a guarantee of current or
+future behavior.
+
+.. note::
+
+   It's recommended to use the :class:`threading.Lock` or other synchronization
+   primitives instead of relying on the internal locks of built-in types, when
+   possible.
+
+
+Known limitations
+=================
+
+This section describes known limitations of the free-threaded CPython build.
+
+Immortalization
+---------------
+
+The free-threaded build of the 3.13 release makes some objects :term:`immortal`.
+Immortal objects are not deallocated and have reference counts that are
+never modified.  This is done to avoid reference count contention that would
+prevent efficient multi-threaded scaling.
+
+An object will be made immortal when a new thread is started for the first time
+after the main thread is running.  The following objects are immortalized:
+
+* :ref:`function <user-defined-funcs>` objects declared at the module level
+* :ref:`method <instance-methods>` descriptors
+* :ref:`code <code-objects>` objects
+* :term:`module` objects and their dictionaries
+* :ref:`classes <classes>` (type objects)
+
+Because immortal objects are never deallocated, applications that create many
+objects of these types may see increased memory usage.  This is expected to be
+addressed in the 3.14 release.
+
+Additionally, numeric and string literals in the code as well as strings
+returned by :func:`sys.intern` are also immortalized.  This behavior is
+expected to remain in the 3.14 free-threaded build.
+
+
+Frame objects
+-------------
+
+It is not safe to access :ref:`frame <frame-objects>` objects from other
+threads and doing so may cause your program to crash .  This means that
+:func:`sys._current_frames` is generally not safe to use in a free-threaded
+build.  Functions like :func:`inspect.currentframe` and :func:`sys._getframe`
+are generally safe as long as the resulting frame object is not passed to
+another thread.
+
+Iterators
+---------
+
+Sharing the same iterator object between multiple threads is generally not
+safe and threads may see duplicate or missing elements when iterating or crash
+the interpreter.
+
+
+Single-threaded performance
+---------------------------
+
+The free-threaded build has additional overhead when executing Python code
+compared to the default GIL-enabled build.  In 3.13, this overhead is about
+40% on the `pyperformance <https://pyperformance.readthedocs.io/>`_ suite.
+Programs that spend most of their time in C extensions or I/O will see
+less of an impact.  The largest impact is because the specializing adaptive
+interpreter (:pep:`659`) is disabled in the free-threaded build.  We expect
+to re-enable it in a thread-safe way in the 3.14 release.  This overhead is
+expected to be reduced in upcoming Python release.   We are aiming for an
+overhead of 10% or less on the pyperformance suite compared to the default
+GIL-enabled build.
diff --git a/Doc/howto/functional.rst b/Doc/howto/functional.rst
index b0f9d22d74f0e3..1f0608fb0fc53f 100644
--- a/Doc/howto/functional.rst
+++ b/Doc/howto/functional.rst
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+.. _functional-howto:
+
 ********************************
   Functional Programming HOWTO
 ********************************
diff --git a/Doc/howto/index.rst b/Doc/howto/index.rst
index 065071e39a06c5..c09f92c9528ee1 100644
--- a/Doc/howto/index.rst
+++ b/Doc/howto/index.rst
@@ -2,16 +2,14 @@
  Python HOWTOs
 ***************
 
-Python HOWTOs are documents that cover a single, specific topic,
-and attempt to cover it fairly completely. Modelled on the Linux
-Documentation Project's HOWTO collection, this collection is an
+Python HOWTOs are documents that cover a specific topic in-depth.
+Modeled on the Linux Documentation Project's HOWTO collection, this collection is an
 effort to foster documentation that's more detailed than the
 Python Library Reference.
 
-Currently, the HOWTOs are:
-
 .. toctree::
    :maxdepth: 1
+   :hidden:
 
    cporting.rst
    curses.rst
@@ -34,4 +32,37 @@ Currently, the HOWTOs are:
    isolating-extensions.rst
    timerfd.rst
    mro.rst
+   free-threading-python.rst
+   free-threading-extensions.rst
+
+General:
+
+* :ref:`annotations-howto`
+* :ref:`argparse-tutorial`
+* :ref:`descriptorhowto`
+* :ref:`enum-howto`
+* :ref:`functional-howto`
+* :ref:`ipaddress-howto`
+* :ref:`logging-howto`
+* :ref:`logging-cookbook`
+* :ref:`regex-howto`
+* :ref:`sortinghowto`
+* :ref:`unicode-howto`
+* :ref:`urllib-howto`
+
+Advanced development:
+
+* :ref:`curses-howto`
+* :ref:`freethreading-python-howto`
+* :ref:`freethreading-extensions-howto`
+* :ref:`isolating-extensions-howto`
+* :ref:`python_2.3_mro`
+* :ref:`socket-howto`
+* :ref:`timerfd-howto`
+* :ref:`cporting-howto`
+
+Debugging and profiling:
 
+* :ref:`gdb`
+* :ref:`instrumentation`
+* :ref:`perf_profiling`
diff --git a/Doc/howto/instrumentation.rst b/Doc/howto/instrumentation.rst
index 9c99fcecce1fcb..6e03ef20a21fa3 100644
--- a/Doc/howto/instrumentation.rst
+++ b/Doc/howto/instrumentation.rst
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ Available static markers
 .. object:: gc__start(int generation)
 
    Fires when the Python interpreter starts a garbage collection cycle.
-   ``arg0`` is the generation to scan, like :func:`gc.collect()`.
+   ``arg0`` is the generation to scan, like :func:`gc.collect`.
 
 .. object:: gc__done(long collected)
 
diff --git a/Doc/howto/isolating-extensions.rst b/Doc/howto/isolating-extensions.rst
index e35855deedbe5f..a636e06bda8344 100644
--- a/Doc/howto/isolating-extensions.rst
+++ b/Doc/howto/isolating-extensions.rst
@@ -339,7 +339,7 @@ That is, heap types should:
 - Define a traverse function using ``Py_tp_traverse``, which
   visits the type (e.g. using ``Py_VISIT(Py_TYPE(self))``).
 
-Please refer to the the documentation of
+Please refer to the documentation of
 :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC` and :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_traverse`
 for additional considerations.
 
diff --git a/Doc/howto/logging-cookbook.rst b/Doc/howto/logging-cookbook.rst
index 3ed2dd6251afe9..321ec0c0f73871 100644
--- a/Doc/howto/logging-cookbook.rst
+++ b/Doc/howto/logging-cookbook.rst
@@ -4022,7 +4022,7 @@ As you can see, this output isn't ideal. That's because the underlying code
 which writes to ``sys.stderr`` makes multiple writes, each of which results in a
 separate logged line (for example, the last three lines above). To get around
 this problem, you need to buffer things and only output log lines when newlines
-are seen. Let's use a slghtly better implementation of ``LoggerWriter``:
+are seen. Let's use a slightly better implementation of ``LoggerWriter``:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
diff --git a/Doc/howto/logging.rst b/Doc/howto/logging.rst
index ab758a885b3556..3182d5664ab6ec 100644
--- a/Doc/howto/logging.rst
+++ b/Doc/howto/logging.rst
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+.. _logging-howto:
+
 =============
 Logging HOWTO
 =============
@@ -380,8 +382,52 @@ Logging Flow
 The flow of log event information in loggers and handlers is illustrated in the
 following diagram.
 
-.. image:: logging_flow.png
-   :class: invert-in-dark-mode
+.. only:: not html
+
+   .. image:: logging_flow.*
+
+.. raw:: html
+   :file: logging_flow.svg
+
+.. raw:: html
+
+   <script>
+   /*
+    * This snippet is needed to handle the case where a light or dark theme is
+    * chosen via the theme is selected in the page. We call the existing handler
+    * and then add a dark-theme class to the body when the dark theme is selected.
+    * The SVG styling (above) then does the rest.
+    *
+    * If the pydoc theme is updated to set the dark-theme class, this snippet
+    * won't be needed any more.
+    */
+   (function() {
+     var oldActivateTheme = activateTheme;
+
+     function updateBody(theme) {
+        let elem = document.body;
+
+        elem.classList.remove('dark-theme');
+        elem.classList.remove('light-theme');
+        if (theme === 'dark') {
+            elem.classList.add('dark-theme');
+        }
+        else if (theme === 'light') {
+            elem.classList.add('light-theme');
+        }
+     }
+
+     activateTheme = function(theme) {
+        oldActivateTheme(theme);
+        updateBody(theme);
+     };
+     /*
+      * If the page is refreshed, make sure we update the body - the overriding
+      * of activateTheme won't have taken effect yet.
+      */
+      updateBody(localStorage.getItem('currentTheme') || 'auto');
+   })();
+   </script>
 
 Loggers
 ^^^^^^^
diff --git a/Doc/howto/logging_flow.png b/Doc/howto/logging_flow.png
index d65e597f811db5..d60ed7c031585a 100644
Binary files a/Doc/howto/logging_flow.png and b/Doc/howto/logging_flow.png differ
diff --git a/Doc/howto/logging_flow.svg b/Doc/howto/logging_flow.svg
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..4974994ac6b400
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Doc/howto/logging_flow.svg
@@ -0,0 +1,327 @@
+<svg width="22cm" height="23cm" viewBox="1 1 439 446" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
+  <!-- Invert color in dark mode -->
+  <style type="text/css">
+    svg {
+      background-color: transparent !important;
+    }
+    line {
+      stroke: #000000;
+      fill: none;
+      stroke-opacity: 1;
+    }
+    polygon, rect {
+      fill: none;
+      stroke: #000000;
+      fill-opacity: 1;
+      stroke-opacity: 1;
+    }
+    polygon.filled {
+      fill: #000000;
+    }
+    polyline {
+      fill: none;
+      stroke-opacity: 1;
+      stroke: #000000;
+    }
+    text {
+      fill: #000000;
+      fill-opacity: 1;
+      stroke: none;
+      font-family: sans-serif;
+      font-style: normal;
+      font-weight: normal;
+      text-anchor: start;
+    }
+    @media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
+      polygon, rect, polyline, line {
+        stroke: #ffffff;
+      }
+      polygon.filled {
+        fill: #ffffff;
+      }
+      text {
+        fill: #ffffff;
+      }
+      image {
+        filter: invert(100%) hue-rotate(180deg) saturate(1.25);
+      }
+    }
+    /* These rules are for when the theme selector is used, perhaps in contrast to the browser theme. */
+    body.dark-theme polygon, body.dark-theme rect, body.dark-theme polyline, body.dark-theme line {
+      stroke: #ffffff;
+    }
+    body.dark-theme polygon.filled {
+      fill: #ffffff;
+    }
+    body.dark-theme text {
+      fill: #ffffff;
+    }
+    body.light-theme polygon, body.light-theme rect, body.light-theme polyline, body.light-theme line {
+      stroke: #000000;
+    }
+    body.light-theme polygon.filled {
+      fill: #000000;
+    }
+    body.light-theme text {
+      fill: #000000;
+    }
+  </style>
+
+  <defs />
+  <g id="Background">
+    <rect style="stroke-width: 1.8; stroke-dasharray: 3;" x="227.504" y="1.91011" width="211.607" height="207.375" rx="0" ry="0" />
+    <rect style="stroke-width: 1.2;" x="230.966" y="5.62454" width="68.4216" height="21.9166" rx="0" ry="0" />
+    <rect style="stroke-width: 1.2;" x="5.27912" y="5.70399" width="68.4216" height="21.9166" rx="0" ry="0" />
+    <text font-size="6.77333" style="font-weight: 700;" x="17.0649" y="19.0071">
+      <tspan x="17.0649" y="19.0071">Logger flow</tspan>
+    </text>
+    <g>
+      <rect x="81.5533" y="106.469" width="44.45" height="25.9333" rx="0" ry="0" />
+      <text font-size="6.77333" style="text-anchor: middle;" x="103.778" y="117.256">
+        <tspan x="103.778" y="117.256">Create</tspan>
+        <tspan x="103.778" y="125.723" style="font-family: monospace">LogRecord</tspan>
+      </text>
+    </g>
+    <g>
+      <line x1="103.778" y1="82.8734" x2="103.778" y2="102.351" />
+      <polygon fill-rule="evenodd" points="103.778,105.351 101.778,101.351 103.778,102.351 105.778,101.351 " />
+    </g>
+    <g>
+      <line x1="103.774" y1="3.65583" x2="103.778" y2="30.3755" />
+      <polygon fill-rule="evenodd" points="103.778,33.3755 101.778,29.3758 103.778,30.3755 105.778,29.3752 " />
+    </g>
+    <text font-size="6.77333" style="text-anchor: middle;" x="144.365" y="10.4604">
+      <tspan x="143.798" y="10.4604">Logging call in user</tspan>
+      <tspan x="143.798" y="18.927">code, e.g.</tspan>
+    </text>
+    <text font-size="6.77333" style="font-family: monospace;" x="110.837" y="27.4696">
+      <tspan x="111.893" y="27.4696">logger.info(...)</tspan>
+    </text>
+    <g>
+      <line x1="155.62" y1="58.6834" x2="183.943" y2="58.6924" />
+      <polygon fill-rule="evenodd" points="186.943,58.6933 182.942,60.6921 183.943,58.6924 182.943,56.6921 " />
+    </g>
+    <g>
+      <rect x="188.061" y="49.9604" width="24.4" height="17.4667" rx="6" ry="6" />
+      <text font-size="6.77333" style="text-anchor: middle;" x="200.261" y="60.7475">
+        <tspan x="200.261" y="60.7475">Stop</tspan>
+      </text>
+    </g>
+    <g>
+      <polygon fill-rule="evenodd" points="103.778,162.482 169.307,193.042 103.778,223.603 38.2493,193.042 " />
+      <text font-size="6.77333" style="text-anchor: middle;" x="103.778" y="186.629">
+        <tspan x="103.778" y="188.741">Does a filter attached</tspan>
+        <tspan x="103.778" y="197.208">to logger reject the</tspan>
+        <tspan x="103.778" y="205.675">record?</tspan>
+      </text>
+    </g>
+    <g>
+      <line x1="103.778" y1="132.402" x2="103.778" y2="158.364" />
+      <polygon class="filled" fill-rule="evenodd" points="103.778,161.364 101.778,157.364 103.778,158.364 105.778,157.364 " />
+    </g>
+    <g>
+      <rect x="75.2033" y="249.478" width="57.15" height="34.4" rx="0" ry="0" />
+      <text font-size="6.77333" style="text-anchor: middle;" x="103.778" y="260.265">
+        <tspan x="103.778" y="260.265">Pass record to</tspan>
+        <tspan x="103.778" y="268.732">handlers of</tspan>
+        <tspan x="103.778" y="277.198">current logger</tspan>
+      </text>
+    </g>
+    <g>
+      <polygon fill-rule="evenodd" points="103.778,326.569 158.193,352.399 103.778,378.229 49.3637,352.399 " />
+      <text font-size="6.77333" style="text-anchor: middle;" x="103.778" y="350.22">
+        <tspan x="103.778" y="351.276">Is propagate true for</tspan>
+        <tspan x="103.778" y="359.742">current logger?</tspan>
+      </text>
+    </g>
+    <g>
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+      </text>
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+    <g>
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+        <tspan x="315" y="324.100" style="font-family: monospace">lastResort</tspan>
+        <tspan x="316" y="332.567">handler</tspan>
+      </text>
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+        <tspan x="320.041" y="58.6741">Handler enabled for</tspan>
+        <tspan x="320.041" y="67.1407">level of record?</tspan>
+      </text>
+    </g>
+    <g>
+      <polygon fill-rule="evenodd" points="320.041,105.448 386.002,135.748 320.041,166.047 254.08,135.748 " />
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+        <tspan x="320.041" y="140.970">to handler reject the</tspan>
+        <tspan x="320.041" y="149.436">record?</tspan>
+      </text>
+    </g>
+    <g>
+      <rect x="409.532" y="52.4436" width="24.4" height="17.4667" rx="6" ry="6" />
+      <text font-size="6.77333" style="text-anchor: middle;" x="421.732" y="63.2307">
+        <tspan x="421.732" y="63.2307">Stop</tspan>
+      </text>
+    </g>
+    <g>
+      <rect x="271.091" y="185.519" width="97.9" height="17.4667" rx="6" ry="6" />
+      <text font-size="6.77333" style="text-anchor: middle;" x="320.041" y="196.306">
+        <tspan x="320.041" y="196.306">Emit (includes formatting)</tspan>
+      </text>
+    </g>
+    <text font-size="6.77333" style="font-weight: 700;" x="241.002" y="18.9277">
+      <tspan x="241.002" y="18.9277">Handler flow</tspan>
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+        <tspan x="103.778" y="57.560">Logger enabled for</tspan>
+        <tspan x="103.778" y="66.026">level of call?</tspan>
+      </text>
+    </g>
+    <g>
+      <line x1="103.778" y1="223.603" x2="103.778" y2="245.36" />
+      <polygon class="filled" fill-rule="evenodd" points="103.778,248.36 101.778,244.36 103.778,245.36 105.778,244.36 " />
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+      <polygon class="filled" fill-rule="evenodd" points="421.732,71.0283 423.732,75.0283 421.732,74.0283 419.732,75.0283 " />
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+      <tspan x="107.446" y="239.221">No</tspan>
+    </text>
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+      <tspan x="333.307" y="105.598"></tspan>
+    </text>
+    <text font-size="6.77333" x="333.307" y="105.598">
+      <tspan x="333.307" y="105.598"></tspan>
+    </text>
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+      <tspan x="397.102" y="130.471">Yes</tspan>
+    </text>
+    <text font-size="6.77333" x="323.563" y="178.785">
+      <tspan x="323.563" y="178.785">No</tspan>
+    </text>
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+      <tspan x="333.307" y="105.598"></tspan>
+    </text>
+    <text font-size="6.77333" x="323.75" y="99.0042">
+      <tspan x="323.75" y="99.0042">Yes</tspan>
+    </text>
+    <text font-size="6.77323" style="text-anchor: middle;" x="355.762" y="18.2449">
+      <tspan x="355.762" y="18.2449">Record passed</tspan>
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+    </text>
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+  </g>
+</svg>
diff --git a/Doc/howto/mro.rst b/Doc/howto/mro.rst
index f44b4f98e570bd..46db516e16dae4 100644
--- a/Doc/howto/mro.rst
+++ b/Doc/howto/mro.rst
@@ -335,7 +335,7 @@ E is more specialized than C, even if it is in a higher level.
 
 A lazy programmer can obtain the MRO directly from Python 2.2, since in
 this case it coincides with the Python 2.3 linearization.  It is enough
-to invoke the .mro() method of class A:
+to invoke the :meth:`~type.mro` method of class A:
 
   >>> A.mro()  # doctest: +NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE
   [<class 'A'>, <class 'B'>, <class 'E'>,
diff --git a/Doc/howto/sockets.rst b/Doc/howto/sockets.rst
index 0bbf97da39768d..cbc49d15a0771b 100644
--- a/Doc/howto/sockets.rst
+++ b/Doc/howto/sockets.rst
@@ -100,8 +100,8 @@ mainloop of the web server::
        (clientsocket, address) = serversocket.accept()
        # now do something with the clientsocket
        # in this case, we'll pretend this is a threaded server
-       ct = client_thread(clientsocket)
-       ct.run()
+       ct = make_client_thread(clientsocket)
+       ct.start()
 
 There's actually 3 general ways in which this loop could work - dispatching a
 thread to handle ``clientsocket``, create a new process to handle
diff --git a/Doc/howto/sorting.rst b/Doc/howto/sorting.rst
index b98f91e023bdfc..70c34cde8a0659 100644
--- a/Doc/howto/sorting.rst
+++ b/Doc/howto/sorting.rst
@@ -47,11 +47,14 @@ lists. In contrast, the :func:`sorted` function accepts any iterable.
 Key Functions
 =============
 
-Both :meth:`list.sort` and :func:`sorted` have a *key* parameter to specify a
-function (or other callable) to be called on each list element prior to making
+The :meth:`list.sort` method and the functions :func:`sorted`,
+:func:`min`, :func:`max`, :func:`heapq.nsmallest`, and
+:func:`heapq.nlargest` have a *key* parameter to specify a function (or
+other callable) to be called on each list element prior to making
 comparisons.
 
-For example, here's a case-insensitive string comparison:
+For example, here's a case-insensitive string comparison using
+:meth:`str.casefold`:
 
 .. doctest::
 
@@ -272,6 +275,70 @@ to make it usable as a key function::
 
     sorted(words, key=cmp_to_key(strcoll))  # locale-aware sort order
 
+Strategies For Unorderable Types and Values
+===========================================
+
+A number of type and value issues can arise when sorting.
+Here are some strategies that can help:
+
+* Convert non-comparable input types to strings prior to sorting:
+
+.. doctest::
+
+   >>> data = ['twelve', '11', 10]
+   >>> sorted(map(str, data))
+   ['10', '11', 'twelve']
+
+This is needed because most cross-type comparisons raise a
+:exc:`TypeError`.
+
+* Remove special values prior to sorting:
+
+.. doctest::
+
+   >>> from math import isnan
+   >>> from itertools import filterfalse
+   >>> data = [3.3, float('nan'), 1.1, 2.2]
+   >>> sorted(filterfalse(isnan, data))
+   [1.1, 2.2, 3.3]
+
+This is needed because the `IEEE-754 standard
+<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_754>`_ specifies that, "Every NaN
+shall compare unordered with everything, including itself."
+
+Likewise, ``None`` can be stripped from datasets as well:
+
+.. doctest::
+
+   >>> data = [3.3, None, 1.1, 2.2]
+   >>> sorted(x for x in data if x is not None)
+   [1.1, 2.2, 3.3]
+
+This is needed because ``None`` is not comparable to other types.
+
+* Convert mapping types into sorted item lists before sorting:
+
+.. doctest::
+
+   >>> data = [{'a': 1}, {'b': 2}]
+   >>> sorted(data, key=lambda d: sorted(d.items()))
+   [{'a': 1}, {'b': 2}]
+
+This is needed because dict-to-dict comparisons raise a
+:exc:`TypeError`.
+
+* Convert set types into sorted lists before sorting:
+
+.. doctest::
+
+    >>> data = [{'a', 'b', 'c'}, {'b', 'c', 'd'}]
+    >>> sorted(map(sorted, data))
+    [['a', 'b', 'c'], ['b', 'c', 'd']]
+
+This is needed because the elements contained in set types do not have a
+deterministic order.  For example, ``list({'a', 'b'})`` may produce
+either ``['a', 'b']`` or ``['b', 'a']``.
+
 Odds and Ends
 =============
 
diff --git a/Doc/includes/newtypes/custom2.c b/Doc/includes/newtypes/custom2.c
index a0222b1795209b..768ce29fab9ff0 100644
--- a/Doc/includes/newtypes/custom2.c
+++ b/Doc/includes/newtypes/custom2.c
@@ -23,12 +23,12 @@ Custom_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
     CustomObject *self;
     self = (CustomObject *) type->tp_alloc(type, 0);
     if (self != NULL) {
-        self->first = PyUnicode_FromString("");
+        self->first = Py_GetConstant(Py_CONSTANT_EMPTY_STR);
         if (self->first == NULL) {
             Py_DECREF(self);
             return NULL;
         }
-        self->last = PyUnicode_FromString("");
+        self->last = Py_GetConstant(Py_CONSTANT_EMPTY_STR);
         if (self->last == NULL) {
             Py_DECREF(self);
             return NULL;
diff --git a/Doc/includes/newtypes/custom3.c b/Doc/includes/newtypes/custom3.c
index 4aeebe0a7507d1..7d969adfa7c9cc 100644
--- a/Doc/includes/newtypes/custom3.c
+++ b/Doc/includes/newtypes/custom3.c
@@ -23,12 +23,12 @@ Custom_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
     CustomObject *self;
     self = (CustomObject *) type->tp_alloc(type, 0);
     if (self != NULL) {
-        self->first = PyUnicode_FromString("");
+        self->first = Py_GetConstant(Py_CONSTANT_EMPTY_STR);
         if (self->first == NULL) {
             Py_DECREF(self);
             return NULL;
         }
-        self->last = PyUnicode_FromString("");
+        self->last = Py_GetConstant(Py_CONSTANT_EMPTY_STR);
         if (self->last == NULL) {
             Py_DECREF(self);
             return NULL;
diff --git a/Doc/includes/newtypes/custom4.c b/Doc/includes/newtypes/custom4.c
index 3998918f68301e..a7b8de44a57c90 100644
--- a/Doc/includes/newtypes/custom4.c
+++ b/Doc/includes/newtypes/custom4.c
@@ -39,12 +39,12 @@ Custom_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
     CustomObject *self;
     self = (CustomObject *) type->tp_alloc(type, 0);
     if (self != NULL) {
-        self->first = PyUnicode_FromString("");
+        self->first = Py_GetConstant(Py_CONSTANT_EMPTY_STR);
         if (self->first == NULL) {
             Py_DECREF(self);
             return NULL;
         }
-        self->last = PyUnicode_FromString("");
+        self->last = Py_GetConstant(Py_CONSTANT_EMPTY_STR);
         if (self->last == NULL) {
             Py_DECREF(self);
             return NULL;
diff --git a/Doc/includes/wasm-ios-notavail.rst b/Doc/includes/wasm-ios-notavail.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index c820665f5e403c..00000000000000
--- a/Doc/includes/wasm-ios-notavail.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-.. include for modules that don't work on WASM or iOS
-
-.. availability:: not WASI, not iOS.
-
-   This module does not work or is not available on WebAssembly platforms, or
-   on iOS. See :ref:`wasm-availability` for more information on WASM
-   availability; see :ref:`iOS-availability` for more information on iOS
-   availability.
diff --git a/Doc/includes/wasm-mobile-notavail.rst b/Doc/includes/wasm-mobile-notavail.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..725b0f7a86d17d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Doc/includes/wasm-mobile-notavail.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+.. include for modules that don't work on WASM or mobile platforms
+
+.. availability:: not Android, not iOS, not WASI.
+
+   This module is not supported on :ref:`mobile platforms <mobile-availability>`
+   or :ref:`WebAssembly platforms <wasm-availability>`.
diff --git a/Doc/library/__future__.rst b/Doc/library/__future__.rst
index 1ebff4409b1e95..4f3b663006fb28 100644
--- a/Doc/library/__future__.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/__future__.rst
@@ -64,8 +64,10 @@ language using this mechanism:
 | generator_stop   | 3.5.0b1     | 3.7          | :pep:`479`:                                 |
 |                  |             |              | *StopIteration handling inside generators*  |
 +------------------+-------------+--------------+---------------------------------------------+
-| annotations      | 3.7.0b1     | TBD [1]_     | :pep:`563`:                                 |
-|                  |             |              | *Postponed evaluation of annotations*       |
+| annotations      | 3.7.0b1     | Never [1]_   | :pep:`563`:                                 |
+|                  |             |              | *Postponed evaluation of annotations*,      |
+|                  |             |              | :pep:`649`: *Deferred evaluation of         |
+|                  |             |              | annotations using descriptors*              |
 +------------------+-------------+--------------+---------------------------------------------+
 
 .. XXX Adding a new entry?  Remember to update simple_stmts.rst, too.
@@ -115,11 +117,9 @@ language using this mechanism:
 
 .. [1]
    ``from __future__ import annotations`` was previously scheduled to
-   become mandatory in Python 3.10, but the Python Steering Council
-   twice decided to delay the change
-   (`announcement for Python 3.10 <https://mail.python.org/archives/list/python-dev@python.org/message/CLVXXPQ2T2LQ5MP2Y53VVQFCXYWQJHKZ/>`__;
-   `announcement for Python 3.11 <https://mail.python.org/archives/list/python-dev@python.org/message/VIZEBX5EYMSYIJNDBF6DMUMZOCWHARSO/>`__).
-   No final decision has been made yet. See also :pep:`563` and :pep:`649`.
+   become mandatory in Python 3.10, but the change was delayed and ultimately
+   canceled. This feature will eventually be deprecated and removed. See
+   :pep:`649` and :pep:`749`.
 
 
 .. seealso::
diff --git a/Doc/library/__main__.rst b/Doc/library/__main__.rst
index 6232e173d9537d..647ff9da04d10d 100644
--- a/Doc/library/__main__.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/__main__.rst
@@ -251,9 +251,9 @@ attribute will include the package's path if imported::
     >>> asyncio.__main__.__name__
     'asyncio.__main__'
 
-This won't work for ``__main__.py`` files in the root directory of a .zip file
-though.  Hence, for consistency, minimal ``__main__.py`` like the :mod:`venv`
-one mentioned below are preferred.
+This won't work for ``__main__.py`` files in the root directory of a
+``.zip`` file though.  Hence, for consistency, a minimal ``__main__.py``
+without a ``__name__`` check is preferred.
 
 .. seealso::
 
diff --git a/Doc/library/_thread.rst b/Doc/library/_thread.rst
index 81f0cac947f602..ed29ac70035597 100644
--- a/Doc/library/_thread.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/_thread.rst
@@ -187,6 +187,9 @@ Lock objects have the following methods:
    .. versionchanged:: 3.2
       Lock acquires can now be interrupted by signals on POSIX.
 
+   .. versionchanged:: 3.14
+      Lock acquires can now be interrupted by signals on Windows.
+
 
 .. method:: lock.release()
 
@@ -213,23 +216,14 @@ In addition to these methods, lock objects can also be used via the
 
 .. index:: pair: module; signal
 
-* Threads interact strangely with interrupts: the :exc:`KeyboardInterrupt`
-  exception will be received by an arbitrary thread.  (When the :mod:`signal`
-  module is available, interrupts always go to the main thread.)
+* Interrupts always go to the main thread (the :exc:`KeyboardInterrupt`
+  exception will be received by that thread.)
 
 * Calling :func:`sys.exit` or raising the :exc:`SystemExit` exception is
   equivalent to calling :func:`_thread.exit`.
 
-* It is not possible to interrupt the :meth:`~threading.Lock.acquire` method on
-  a lock --- the :exc:`KeyboardInterrupt` exception will happen after the lock
-  has been acquired.
-
 * When the main thread exits, it is system defined whether the other threads
   survive.  On most systems, they are killed without executing
   :keyword:`try` ... :keyword:`finally` clauses or executing object
   destructors.
 
-* When the main thread exits, it does not do any of its usual cleanup (except
-  that :keyword:`try` ... :keyword:`finally` clauses are honored), and the
-  standard I/O files are not flushed.
-
diff --git a/Doc/library/abc.rst b/Doc/library/abc.rst
index 168ef3ec00d81b..38d744e97d087d 100644
--- a/Doc/library/abc.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/abc.rst
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ a helper class :class:`ABC` to alternatively define ABCs through inheritance:
       that you can customize the behavior of :func:`issubclass` further without the
       need to call :meth:`register` on every class you want to consider a
       subclass of the ABC.  (This class method is called from the
-      :meth:`~class.__subclasscheck__` method of the ABC.)
+      :meth:`~type.__subclasscheck__` method of the ABC.)
 
       This method should return ``True``, ``False`` or :data:`NotImplemented`.  If
       it returns ``True``, the *subclass* is considered a subclass of this ABC.
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ a helper class :class:`ABC` to alternatively define ABCs through inheritance:
    The :meth:`__subclasshook__` class method defined here says that any class
    that has an :meth:`~iterator.__iter__` method in its
    :attr:`~object.__dict__` (or in that of one of its base classes, accessed
-   via the :attr:`~class.__mro__` list) is considered a ``MyIterable`` too.
+   via the :attr:`~type.__mro__` list) is considered a ``MyIterable`` too.
 
    Finally, the last line makes ``Foo`` a virtual subclass of ``MyIterable``,
    even though it does not define an :meth:`~iterator.__iter__` method (it uses
diff --git a/Doc/library/annotationlib.rst b/Doc/library/annotationlib.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..37490456d13312
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Doc/library/annotationlib.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,385 @@
+:mod:`!annotationlib` --- Functionality for introspecting annotations
+=====================================================================
+
+.. module:: annotationlib
+   :synopsis: Functionality for introspecting annotations
+
+
+**Source code:** :source:`Lib/annotationlib.py`
+
+.. testsetup:: default
+
+   import annotationlib
+   from annotationlib import *
+
+--------------
+
+The :mod:`!annotationlib` module provides tools for introspecting
+:term:`annotations <annotation>` on modules, classes, and functions.
+
+Annotations are :ref:`lazily evaluated <lazy-evaluation>` and often contain
+forward references to objects that are not yet defined when the annotation
+is created. This module provides a set of low-level tools that can be used to retrieve annotations in a reliable way, even
+in the presence of forward references and other edge cases.
+
+This module supports retrieving annotations in three main formats
+(see :class:`Format`), each of which works best for different use cases:
+
+* :attr:`~Format.VALUE` evaluates the annotations and returns their value.
+  This is most straightforward to work with, but it may raise errors,
+  for example if the annotations contain references to undefined names.
+* :attr:`~Format.FORWARDREF` returns :class:`ForwardRef` objects
+  for annotations that cannot be resolved, allowing you to inspect the
+  annotations without evaluating them. This is useful when you need to
+  work with annotations that may contain unresolved forward references.
+* :attr:`~Format.STRING` returns the annotations as a string, similar
+  to how it would appear in the source file. This is useful for documentation
+  generators that want to display annotations in a readable way.
+
+The :func:`get_annotations` function is the main entry point for
+retrieving annotations. Given a function, class, or module, it returns
+an annotations dictionary in the requested format. This module also provides
+functionality for working directly with the :term:`annotate function`
+that is used to evaluate annotations, such as :func:`get_annotate_function`
+and :func:`call_annotate_function`, as well as the
+:func:`call_evaluate_function` function for working with
+:term:`evaluate functions <evaluate function>`.
+
+
+.. seealso::
+
+   :pep:`649` proposed the current model for how annotations work in Python.
+
+   :pep:`749` expanded on various aspects of :pep:`649` and introduced the
+   :mod:`!annotationlib` module.
+
+   :ref:`annotations-howto` provides best practices for working with
+   annotations.
+
+   :pypi:`typing-extensions` provides a backport of :func:`get_annotations`
+   that works on earlier versions of Python.
+
+Annotation semantics
+--------------------
+
+The way annotations are evaluated has changed over the history of Python 3,
+and currently still depends on a :ref:`future import <future>`.
+There have been execution models for annotations:
+
+* *Stock semantics* (default in Python 3.0 through 3.13; see :pep:`3107`
+  and :pep:`526`): Annotations are evaluated eagerly, as they are
+  encountered in the source code.
+* *Stringified annotations* (used with ``from __future__ import annotations``
+  in Python 3.7 and newer; see :pep:`563`): Annotations are stored as
+  strings only.
+* *Deferred evaluation* (default in Python 3.14 and newer; see :pep:`649` and
+  :pep:`749`): Annotations are evaluated lazily, only when they are accessed.
+
+As an example, consider the following program::
+
+   def func(a: Cls) -> None:
+       print(a)
+
+   class Cls: pass
+
+   print(func.__annotations__)
+
+This will behave as follows:
+
+* Under stock semantics (Python 3.13 and earlier), it will throw a
+  :exc:`NameError` at the line where ``func`` is defined,
+  because ``Cls`` is an undefined name at that point.
+* Under stringified annotations (if ``from __future__ import annotations``
+  is used), it will print ``{'a': 'Cls', 'return': 'None'}``.
+* Under deferred evaluation (Python 3.14 and later), it will print
+  ``{'a': <class 'Cls'>, 'return': None}``.
+
+Stock semantics were used when function annotations were first introduced
+in Python 3.0 (by :pep:`3107`) because this was the simplest, most obvious
+way to implement annotations. The same execution model was used when variable
+annotations were introduced in Python 3.6 (by :pep:`526`). However,
+stock semantics caused problems when using annotations as type hints,
+such as a need to refer to names that are not yet defined when the
+annotation is encountered. In addition, there were performance problems
+with executing annotations at module import time. Therefore, in Python 3.7,
+:pep:`563` introduced the ability to store annotations as strings using the
+``from __future__ import annotations`` syntax. The plan at the time was to
+eventually make this behavior the default, but a problem appeared:
+stringified annotations are more difficult to process for those who
+introspect annotations at runtime. An alternative proposal, :pep:`649`,
+introduced the third execution model, deferred evaluation, and was implemented
+in Python 3.14. Stringified annotations are still used if
+``from __future__ import annotations`` is present, but this behavior will
+eventually be removed.
+
+Classes
+-------
+
+.. class:: Format
+
+   An :class:`~enum.IntEnum` describing the formats in which annotations
+   can be returned. Members of the enum, or their equivalent integer values,
+   can be passed to :func:`get_annotations` and other functions in this
+   module, as well as to :attr:`~object.__annotate__` functions.
+
+   .. attribute:: VALUE
+      :value: 1
+
+      Values are the result of evaluating the annotation expressions.
+
+   .. attribute:: FORWARDREF
+      :value: 2
+
+      Values are real annotation values (as per :attr:`Format.VALUE` format)
+      for defined values, and :class:`ForwardRef` proxies for undefined
+      values. Real objects may contain references to, :class:`ForwardRef`
+      proxy objects.
+
+   .. attribute:: STRING
+      :value: 3
+
+      Values are the text string of the annotation as it appears in the
+      source code, up to modifications including, but not restricted to,
+      whitespace normalizations and constant values optimizations.
+
+      The exact values of these strings may change in future versions of Python.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.14
+
+.. class:: ForwardRef
+
+   A proxy object for forward references in annotations.
+
+   Instances of this class are returned when the :attr:`~Format.FORWARDREF`
+   format is used and annotations contain a name that cannot be resolved.
+   This can happen when a forward reference is used in an annotation, such as
+   when a class is referenced before it is defined.
+
+   .. attribute:: __forward_arg__
+
+      A string containing the code that was evaluated to produce the
+      :class:`~ForwardRef`. The string may not be exactly equivalent
+      to the original source.
+
+   .. method:: evaluate(*, globals=None, locals=None, type_params=None, owner=None)
+
+      Evaluate the forward reference, returning its value.
+
+      This may throw an exception, such as :exc:`NameError`, if the forward
+      reference refers to names that do not exist. The arguments to this
+      method can be used to provide bindings for names that would otherwise
+      be undefined.
+
+      :class:`~ForwardRef` instances returned by :func:`get_annotations`
+      retain references to information about the scope they originated from,
+      so calling this method with no further arguments may be sufficient to
+      evaluate such objects. :class:`~ForwardRef` instances created by other
+      means may not have any information about their scope, so passing
+      arguments to this method may be necessary to evaluate them successfully.
+
+      *globals* and *locals* are passed to :func:`eval`, representing
+      the global and local namespaces in which the name is evaluated.
+      *type_params*, if given, must be a tuple of
+      :ref:`type parameters <type-params>` that are in scope while the forward
+      reference is being evaluated. *owner* is the object that owns the
+      annotation from which the forward reference derives, usually a function,
+      class, or module.
+
+      .. important::
+
+         Once a :class:`~ForwardRef` instance has been evaluated, it caches
+         the evaluated value, and future calls to :meth:`evaluate` will return
+         the cached value, regardless of the parameters passed in.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.14
+
+
+Functions
+---------
+
+.. function:: annotations_to_string(annotations)
+
+   Convert an annotations dict containing runtime values to a
+   dict containing only strings. If the values are not already strings,
+   they are converted using :func:`value_to_string`.
+   This is meant as a helper for user-provided
+   annotate functions that support the :attr:`~Format.STRING` format but
+   do not have access to the code creating the annotations.
+
+   For example, this is used to implement the :attr:`~Format.STRING` for
+   :class:`typing.TypedDict` classes created through the functional syntax:
+
+   .. doctest::
+
+       >>> from typing import TypedDict
+       >>> Movie = TypedDict("movie", {"name": str, "year": int})
+       >>> get_annotations(Movie, format=Format.STRING)
+       {'name': 'str', 'year': 'int'}
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.14
+
+.. function:: call_annotate_function(annotate, format, *, owner=None)
+
+   Call the :term:`annotate function` *annotate* with the given *format*,
+   a member of the :class:`Format` enum, and return the annotations
+   dictionary produced by the function.
+
+   This helper function is required because annotate functions generated by
+   the compiler for functions, classes, and modules only support
+   the :attr:`~Format.VALUE` format when called directly.
+   To support other formats, this function calls the annotate function
+   in a special environment that allows it to produce annotations in the
+   other formats. This is a useful building block when implementing
+   functionality that needs to partially evaluate annotations while a class
+   is being constructed.
+
+   *owner* is the object that owns the annotation function, usually
+   a function, class, or module. If provided, it is used in the
+   :attr:`~Format.FORWARDREF` format to produce a :class:`ForwardRef`
+   object that carries more information.
+
+   .. seealso::
+
+      :PEP:`PEP 649 <649#the-stringizer-and-the-fake-globals-environment>`
+      contains an explanation of the implementation technique used by this
+      function.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.14
+
+.. function:: call_evaluate_function(evaluate, format, *, owner=None)
+
+   Call the :term:`evaluate function` *evaluate* with the given *format*,
+   a member of the :class:`Format` enum, and return the value produced by
+   the function. This is similar to :func:`call_annotate_function`,
+   but the latter always returns a dictionary mapping strings to annotations,
+   while this function returns a single value.
+
+   This is intended for use with the evaluate functions generated for lazily
+   evaluated elements related to type aliases and type parameters:
+
+   * :meth:`typing.TypeAliasType.evaluate_value`, the value of type aliases
+   * :meth:`typing.TypeVar.evaluate_bound`, the bound of type variables
+   * :meth:`typing.TypeVar.evaluate_constraints`, the constraints of
+     type variables
+   * :meth:`typing.TypeVar.evaluate_default`, the default value of
+     type variables
+   * :meth:`typing.ParamSpec.evaluate_default`, the default value of
+     parameter specifications
+   * :meth:`typing.TypeVarTuple.evaluate_default`, the default value of
+     type variable tuples
+
+   *owner* is the object that owns the evaluate function, such as the type
+   alias or type variable object.
+
+   *format* can be used to control the format in which the value is returned:
+
+   .. doctest::
+
+      >>> type Alias = undefined
+      >>> call_evaluate_function(Alias.evaluate_value, Format.VALUE)
+      Traceback (most recent call last):
+      ...
+      NameError: name 'undefined' is not defined
+      >>> call_evaluate_function(Alias.evaluate_value, Format.FORWARDREF)
+      ForwardRef('undefined')
+      >>> call_evaluate_function(Alias.evaluate_value, Format.STRING)
+      'undefined'
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.14
+
+.. function:: get_annotate_function(obj)
+
+   Retrieve the :term:`annotate function` for *obj*. Return :const:`!None`
+   if *obj* does not have an annotate function.
+
+   This is usually equivalent to accessing the :attr:`~object.__annotate__`
+   attribute of *obj*, but direct access to the attribute may return the wrong
+   object in certain situations involving metaclasses. This function should be
+   used instead of accessing the attribute directly.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.14
+
+.. function:: get_annotations(obj, *, globals=None, locals=None, eval_str=False, format=Format.VALUE)
+
+   Compute the annotations dict for an object.
+
+   *obj* may be a callable, class, module, or other object with
+   :attr:`~object.__annotate__` and :attr:`~object.__annotations__` attributes.
+   Passing in an object of any other type raises :exc:`TypeError`.
+
+   The *format* parameter controls the format in which annotations are returned,
+   and must be a member of the :class:`Format` enum or its integer equivalent.
+
+   Returns a dict. :func:`!get_annotations` returns a new dict every time
+   it's called; calling it twice on the same object will return two
+   different but equivalent dicts.
+
+   This function handles several details for you:
+
+   * If *eval_str* is true, values of type :class:`!str` will
+     be un-stringized using :func:`eval`. This is intended
+     for use with stringized annotations
+     (``from __future__ import annotations``). It is an error
+     to set *eval_str* to true with formats other than :attr:`Format.VALUE`.
+   * If *obj* doesn't have an annotations dict, returns an
+     empty dict. (Functions and methods always have an
+     annotations dict; classes, modules, and other types of
+     callables may not.)
+   * Ignores inherited annotations on classes, as well as annotations
+     on metaclasses. If a class
+     doesn't have its own annotations dict, returns an empty dict.
+   * All accesses to object members and dict values are done
+     using ``getattr()`` and ``dict.get()`` for safety.
+
+   *eval_str* controls whether or not values of type :class:`!str` are
+   replaced with the result of calling :func:`eval` on those values:
+
+   * If eval_str is true, :func:`eval` is called on values of type
+     :class:`!str`. (Note that :func:`!get_annotations` doesn't catch
+     exceptions; if :func:`eval` raises an exception, it will unwind
+     the stack past the :func:`!get_annotations` call.)
+   * If *eval_str* is false (the default), values of type :class:`!str` are
+     unchanged.
+
+   *globals* and *locals* are passed in to :func:`eval`; see the documentation
+   for :func:`eval` for more information. If *globals* or *locals*
+   is :const:`!None`, this function may replace that value with a
+   context-specific default, contingent on ``type(obj)``:
+
+   * If *obj* is a module, *globals* defaults to ``obj.__dict__``.
+   * If *obj* is a class, *globals* defaults to
+     ``sys.modules[obj.__module__].__dict__`` and *locals* defaults
+     to the *obj* class namespace.
+   * If *obj* is a callable, *globals* defaults to
+     :attr:`obj.__globals__ <function.__globals__>`,
+     although if *obj* is a wrapped function (using
+     :func:`functools.update_wrapper`) or a :class:`functools.partial` object,
+     it is unwrapped until a non-wrapped function is found.
+
+   Calling :func:`!get_annotations` is best practice for accessing the
+   annotations dict of any object. See :ref:`annotations-howto` for
+   more information on annotations best practices.
+
+   .. doctest::
+
+      >>> def f(a: int, b: str) -> float:
+      ...     pass
+      >>> get_annotations(f)
+      {'a': <class 'int'>, 'b': <class 'str'>, 'return': <class 'float'>}
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.14
+
+.. function:: value_to_string(value)
+
+   Convert an arbitrary Python value to a format suitable for use by the
+   :attr:`~Format.STRING` format. This calls :func:`repr` for most
+   objects, but has special handling for some objects, such as type objects.
+
+   This is meant as a helper for user-provided
+   annotate functions that support the :attr:`~Format.STRING` format but
+   do not have access to the code creating the annotations. It can also
+   be used to provide a user-friendly string representation for other
+   objects that contain values that are commonly encountered in annotations.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.14
+
diff --git a/Doc/library/argparse.rst b/Doc/library/argparse.rst
index 0367c83d9369d3..940698218534e0 100644
--- a/Doc/library/argparse.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/argparse.rst
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-:mod:`!argparse` --- Parser for command-line options, arguments and sub-commands
+:mod:`!argparse` --- Parser for command-line options, arguments and subcommands
 ================================================================================
 
 .. module:: argparse
@@ -19,17 +19,13 @@
    introduction to Python command-line parsing, have a look at the
    :ref:`argparse tutorial <argparse-tutorial>`.
 
-The :mod:`argparse` module makes it easy to write user-friendly command-line
-interfaces. The program defines what arguments it requires, and :mod:`argparse`
-will figure out how to parse those out of :data:`sys.argv`.  The :mod:`argparse`
+The :mod:`!argparse` module makes it easy to write user-friendly command-line
+interfaces. The program defines what arguments it requires, and :mod:`!argparse`
+will figure out how to parse those out of :data:`sys.argv`.  The :mod:`!argparse`
 module also automatically generates help and usage messages.  The module
 will also issue errors when users give the program invalid arguments.
 
-
-Core Functionality
-------------------
-
-The :mod:`argparse` module's support for command-line interfaces is built
+The :mod:`!argparse` module's support for command-line interfaces is built
 around an instance of :class:`argparse.ArgumentParser`.  It is a container for
 argument specifications and has options that apply to the parser as whole::
 
@@ -53,133 +49,9 @@ the extracted data in a :class:`argparse.Namespace` object::
    args = parser.parse_args()
    print(args.filename, args.count, args.verbose)
 
-
-Quick Links for add_argument()
-------------------------------
-
-============================ =========================================================== ==========================================================================================================================
-Name                         Description                                                 Values
-============================ =========================================================== ==========================================================================================================================
-action_                      Specify how an argument should be handled                   ``'store'``, ``'store_const'``, ``'store_true'``, ``'append'``, ``'append_const'``, ``'count'``, ``'help'``, ``'version'``
-choices_                     Limit values to a specific set of choices                   ``['foo', 'bar']``, ``range(1, 10)``, or :class:`~collections.abc.Container` instance
-const_                       Store a constant value
-default_                     Default value used when an argument is not provided         Defaults to ``None``
-dest_                        Specify the attribute name used in the result namespace
-help_                        Help message for an argument
-metavar_                     Alternate display name for the argument as shown in help
-nargs_                       Number of times the argument can be used                    :class:`int`, ``'?'``, ``'*'``, or ``'+'``
-required_                    Indicate whether an argument is required or optional        ``True`` or ``False``
-:ref:`type <argparse-type>`  Automatically convert an argument to the given type         :class:`int`, :class:`float`, ``argparse.FileType('w')``, or callable function
-============================ =========================================================== ==========================================================================================================================
-
-
-Example
--------
-
-The following code is a Python program that takes a list of integers and
-produces either the sum or the max::
-
-   import argparse
-
-   parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Process some integers.')
-   parser.add_argument('integers', metavar='N', type=int, nargs='+',
-                       help='an integer for the accumulator')
-   parser.add_argument('--sum', dest='accumulate', action='store_const',
-                       const=sum, default=max,
-                       help='sum the integers (default: find the max)')
-
-   args = parser.parse_args()
-   print(args.accumulate(args.integers))
-
-Assuming the above Python code is saved into a file called ``prog.py``, it can
-be run at the command line and it provides useful help messages:
-
-.. code-block:: shell-session
-
-   $ python prog.py -h
-   usage: prog.py [-h] [--sum] N [N ...]
-
-   Process some integers.
-
-   positional arguments:
-    N           an integer for the accumulator
-
-   options:
-    -h, --help  show this help message and exit
-    --sum       sum the integers (default: find the max)
-
-When run with the appropriate arguments, it prints either the sum or the max of
-the command-line integers:
-
-.. code-block:: shell-session
-
-   $ python prog.py 1 2 3 4
-   4
-
-   $ python prog.py 1 2 3 4 --sum
-   10
-
-If invalid arguments are passed in, an error will be displayed:
-
-.. code-block:: shell-session
-
-   $ python prog.py a b c
-   usage: prog.py [-h] [--sum] N [N ...]
-   prog.py: error: argument N: invalid int value: 'a'
-
-The following sections walk you through this example.
-
-
-Creating a parser
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-The first step in using the :mod:`argparse` is creating an
-:class:`ArgumentParser` object::
-
-   >>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Process some integers.')
-
-The :class:`ArgumentParser` object will hold all the information necessary to
-parse the command line into Python data types.
-
-
-Adding arguments
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-Filling an :class:`ArgumentParser` with information about program arguments is
-done by making calls to the :meth:`~ArgumentParser.add_argument` method.
-Generally, these calls tell the :class:`ArgumentParser` how to take the strings
-on the command line and turn them into objects.  This information is stored and
-used when :meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_args` is called. For example::
-
-   >>> parser.add_argument('integers', metavar='N', type=int, nargs='+',
-   ...                     help='an integer for the accumulator')
-   >>> parser.add_argument('--sum', dest='accumulate', action='store_const',
-   ...                     const=sum, default=max,
-   ...                     help='sum the integers (default: find the max)')
-
-Later, calling :meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_args` will return an object with
-two attributes, ``integers`` and ``accumulate``.  The ``integers`` attribute
-will be a list of one or more integers, and the ``accumulate`` attribute will be
-either the :func:`sum` function, if ``--sum`` was specified at the command line,
-or the :func:`max` function if it was not.
-
-
-Parsing arguments
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-:class:`ArgumentParser` parses arguments through the
-:meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_args` method.  This will inspect the command line,
-convert each argument to the appropriate type and then invoke the appropriate action.
-In most cases, this means a simple :class:`Namespace` object will be built up from
-attributes parsed out of the command line::
-
-   >>> parser.parse_args(['--sum', '7', '-1', '42'])
-   Namespace(accumulate=<built-in function sum>, integers=[7, -1, 42])
-
-In a script, :meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_args` will typically be called with no
-arguments, and the :class:`ArgumentParser` will automatically determine the
-command-line arguments from :data:`sys.argv`.
-
+.. note::
+   If you're looking a guide about how to upgrade optparse code
+   to argparse, see :ref:`Upgrading Optparse Code <upgrading-optparse-code>`.
 
 ArgumentParser objects
 ----------------------
@@ -189,14 +61,15 @@ ArgumentParser objects
                           formatter_class=argparse.HelpFormatter, \
                           prefix_chars='-', fromfile_prefix_chars=None, \
                           argument_default=None, conflict_handler='error', \
-                          add_help=True, allow_abbrev=True, exit_on_error=True)
+                          add_help=True, allow_abbrev=True, exit_on_error=True, \
+                          suggest_on_error=False)
 
    Create a new :class:`ArgumentParser` object. All parameters should be passed
    as keyword arguments. Each parameter has its own more detailed description
    below, but in short they are:
 
-   * prog_ - The name of the program (default:
-     ``os.path.basename(sys.argv[0])``)
+   * prog_ - The name of the program (default: generated from the ``__main__``
+     module attributes and ``sys.argv[0]``)
 
    * usage_ - The string describing the program usage (default: generated from
      arguments added to parser)
@@ -231,6 +104,10 @@ ArgumentParser objects
    * exit_on_error_ - Determines whether or not ArgumentParser exits with
      error info when an error occurs. (default: ``True``)
 
+   * suggest_on_error_ - Enables suggestions for mistyped argument choices
+     and subparser names (default: ``False``)
+
+
    .. versionchanged:: 3.5
       *allow_abbrev* parameter was added.
 
@@ -249,38 +126,21 @@ The following sections describe how each of these are used.
 prog
 ^^^^
 
-By default, :class:`ArgumentParser` objects use ``sys.argv[0]`` to determine
-how to display the name of the program in help messages.  This default is almost
-always desirable because it will make the help messages match how the program was
-invoked on the command line.  For example, consider a file named
-``myprogram.py`` with the following code::
-
-   import argparse
-   parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
-   parser.add_argument('--foo', help='foo help')
-   args = parser.parse_args()
-
-The help for this program will display ``myprogram.py`` as the program name
-(regardless of where the program was invoked from):
 
-.. code-block:: shell-session
+By default, :class:`ArgumentParser` calculates the name of the program
+to display in help messages depending on the way the Python interpreter was run:
 
-   $ python myprogram.py --help
-   usage: myprogram.py [-h] [--foo FOO]
+* The :func:`base name <os.path.basename>` of ``sys.argv[0]`` if a file was
+  passed as argument.
+* The Python interpreter name followed by ``sys.argv[0]`` if a directory or
+  a zipfile was passed as argument.
+* The Python interpreter name followed by ``-m`` followed by the
+  module or package name if the :option:`-m` option was used.
 
-   options:
-    -h, --help  show this help message and exit
-    --foo FOO   foo help
-   $ cd ..
-   $ python subdir/myprogram.py --help
-   usage: myprogram.py [-h] [--foo FOO]
-
-   options:
-    -h, --help  show this help message and exit
-    --foo FOO   foo help
-
-To change this default behavior, another value can be supplied using the
-``prog=`` argument to :class:`ArgumentParser`::
+This default is almost always desirable because it will make the help messages
+match the string that was used to invoke the program on the command line.
+However, to change this default behavior, another value can be supplied using
+the ``prog=`` argument to :class:`ArgumentParser`::
 
    >>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='myprogram')
    >>> parser.print_help()
@@ -289,7 +149,8 @@ To change this default behavior, another value can be supplied using the
    options:
     -h, --help  show this help message and exit
 
-Note that the program name, whether determined from ``sys.argv[0]`` or from the
+Note that the program name, whether determined from ``sys.argv[0]``,
+from the ``__main__`` module attributes or from the
 ``prog=`` argument, is available to help messages using the ``%(prog)s`` format
 specifier.
 
@@ -304,27 +165,16 @@ specifier.
     -h, --help  show this help message and exit
     --foo FOO   foo of the myprogram program
 
+.. versionchanged:: 3.14
+   The default ``prog`` value now reflects how ``__main__`` was actually executed,
+   rather than always being ``os.path.basename(sys.argv[0])``.
 
 usage
 ^^^^^
 
 By default, :class:`ArgumentParser` calculates the usage message from the
-arguments it contains::
-
-   >>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='PROG')
-   >>> parser.add_argument('--foo', nargs='?', help='foo help')
-   >>> parser.add_argument('bar', nargs='+', help='bar help')
-   >>> parser.print_help()
-   usage: PROG [-h] [--foo [FOO]] bar [bar ...]
-
-   positional arguments:
-    bar          bar help
-
-   options:
-    -h, --help   show this help message and exit
-    --foo [FOO]  foo help
-
-The default message can be overridden with the ``usage=`` keyword argument::
+arguments it contains. The default message can be overridden with the
+``usage=`` keyword argument::
 
    >>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='PROG', usage='%(prog)s [options]')
    >>> parser.add_argument('--foo', nargs='?', help='foo help')
@@ -352,16 +202,7 @@ Most calls to the :class:`ArgumentParser` constructor will use the
 ``description=`` keyword argument.  This argument gives a brief description of
 what the program does and how it works.  In help messages, the description is
 displayed between the command-line usage string and the help messages for the
-various arguments::
-
-   >>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='A foo that bars')
-   >>> parser.print_help()
-   usage: argparse.py [-h]
-
-   A foo that bars
-
-   options:
-    -h, --help  show this help message and exit
+various arguments.
 
 By default, the description will be line-wrapped so that it fits within the
 given space.  To change this behavior, see the formatter_class_ argument.
@@ -491,7 +332,7 @@ should not be line-wrapped::
     -h, --help  show this help message and exit
 
 :class:`RawTextHelpFormatter` maintains whitespace for all sorts of help text,
-including argument descriptions. However, multiple new lines are replaced with
+including argument descriptions. However, multiple newlines are replaced with
 one. If you wish to preserve multiple blank lines, add spaces between the
 newlines.
 
@@ -585,8 +426,8 @@ arguments will never be treated as file references.
 
 .. versionchanged:: 3.12
    :class:`ArgumentParser` changed encoding and errors to read arguments files
-   from default (e.g. :func:`locale.getpreferredencoding(False) <locale.getpreferredencoding>` and
-   ``"strict"``) to :term:`filesystem encoding and error handler`.
+   from default (e.g. :func:`locale.getpreferredencoding(False) <locale.getpreferredencoding>`
+   and ``"strict"``) to the :term:`filesystem encoding and error handler`.
    Arguments file should be encoded in UTF-8 instead of ANSI Codepage on Windows.
 
 
@@ -672,25 +513,8 @@ add_help
 ^^^^^^^^
 
 By default, ArgumentParser objects add an option which simply displays
-the parser's help message. For example, consider a file named
-``myprogram.py`` containing the following code::
-
-   import argparse
-   parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
-   parser.add_argument('--foo', help='foo help')
-   args = parser.parse_args()
-
-If ``-h`` or ``--help`` is supplied at the command line, the ArgumentParser
-help will be printed:
-
-.. code-block:: shell-session
-
-   $ python myprogram.py --help
-   usage: myprogram.py [-h] [--foo FOO]
-
-   options:
-    -h, --help  show this help message and exit
-    --foo FOO   foo help
+the parser's help message. If ``-h`` or ``--help`` is supplied at the command
+line, the ArgumentParser help will be printed.
 
 Occasionally, it may be useful to disable the addition of this help option.
 This can be achieved by passing ``False`` as the ``add_help=`` argument to
@@ -722,7 +546,8 @@ exit_on_error
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
 Normally, when you pass an invalid argument list to the :meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_args`
-method of an :class:`ArgumentParser`, it will exit with error info.
+method of an :class:`ArgumentParser`, it will print a *message* to :data:`sys.stderr` and exit with a status
+code of 2.
 
 If the user would like to catch errors manually, the feature can be enabled by setting
 ``exit_on_error`` to ``False``::
@@ -739,6 +564,27 @@ If the user would like to catch errors manually, the feature can be enabled by s
 
 .. versionadded:: 3.9
 
+suggest_on_error
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+By default, when a user passes an invalid argument choice or subparser name,
+:class:`ArgumentParser` will exit with error info and list the permissible
+argument choices (if specified) or subparser names as part of the error message.
+
+If the user would like to enable suggestions for mistyped argument choices and
+subparser names, the feature can be enabled by setting ``suggest_on_error`` to
+``True``. Note that this only applies for arguments when the choices specified
+are strings::
+
+   >>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Process some integers.', suggest_on_error=True)
+   >>> parser.add_argument('--action', choices=['sum', 'max'])
+   >>> parser.add_argument('integers', metavar='N', type=int, nargs='+',
+   ...                     help='an integer for the accumulator')
+   >>> parser.parse_args(['--action', 'sumn', 1, 2, 3])
+   tester.py: error: argument --action: invalid choice: 'sumn', maybe you meant 'sum'? (choose from 'sum', 'max')
+
+.. versionadded:: 3.14
+
 
 The add_argument() method
 -------------------------
@@ -782,7 +628,7 @@ The add_argument() method
 The following sections describe how each of these are used.
 
 
-.. _name_or_flags:
+.. _`name or flags`:
 
 name or flags
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^
@@ -816,6 +662,25 @@ be positional::
    usage: PROG [-h] [-f FOO] bar
    PROG: error: the following arguments are required: bar
 
+By default, argparse automatically handles the internal naming and
+display names of arguments, simplifying the process without requiring
+additional configuration.
+As such, you do not need to specify the dest_ and metavar_ parameters.
+The dest_ parameter defaults to the argument name with underscores ``_``
+replacing hyphens ``-`` . The metavar_ parameter defaults to the
+upper-cased name. For example::
+
+   >>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='PROG')
+   >>> parser.add_argument('--foo-bar')
+   >>> parser.parse_args(['--foo-bar', 'FOO-BAR']
+   Namespace(foo_bar='FOO-BAR')
+   >>> parser.print_help()
+   usage:  [-h] [--foo-bar FOO-BAR]
+
+   optional arguments:
+    -h, --help  show this help message and exit
+    --foo-bar FOO-BAR
+
 
 .. _action:
 
@@ -829,12 +694,7 @@ them, though most actions simply add an attribute to the object returned by
 how the command-line arguments should be handled. The supplied actions are:
 
 * ``'store'`` - This just stores the argument's value.  This is the default
-  action. For example::
-
-    >>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
-    >>> parser.add_argument('--foo')
-    >>> parser.parse_args('--foo 1'.split())
-    Namespace(foo='1')
+  action.
 
 * ``'store_const'`` - This stores the value specified by the const_ keyword
   argument; note that the const_ keyword argument defaults to ``None``.  The
@@ -849,7 +709,7 @@ how the command-line arguments should be handled. The supplied actions are:
 * ``'store_true'`` and ``'store_false'`` - These are special cases of
   ``'store_const'`` used for storing the values ``True`` and ``False``
   respectively.  In addition, they create default values of ``False`` and
-  ``True`` respectively.  For example::
+  ``True`` respectively::
 
     >>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
     >>> parser.add_argument('--foo', action='store_true')
@@ -881,6 +741,21 @@ how the command-line arguments should be handled. The supplied actions are:
     >>> parser.parse_args('--str --int'.split())
     Namespace(types=[<class 'str'>, <class 'int'>])
 
+* ``'extend'`` - This stores a list and appends each item from the multi-value
+  argument list to it.
+  The ``'extend'`` action is typically used with the nargs_ keyword argument
+  value ``'+'`` or ``'*'``.
+  Note that when nargs_ is ``None`` (the default) or ``'?'``, each
+  character of the argument string will be appended to the list.
+  Example usage::
+
+    >>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
+    >>> parser.add_argument("--foo", action="extend", nargs="+", type=str)
+    >>> parser.parse_args(["--foo", "f1", "--foo", "f2", "f3", "f4"])
+    Namespace(foo=['f1', 'f2', 'f3', 'f4'])
+
+  .. versionadded:: 3.8
+
 * ``'count'`` - This counts the number of times a keyword argument occurs. For
   example, this is useful for increasing verbosity levels::
 
@@ -906,16 +781,8 @@ how the command-line arguments should be handled. The supplied actions are:
     >>> parser.parse_args(['--version'])
     PROG 2.0
 
-* ``'extend'`` - This stores a list, and extends each argument value to the
-  list.
-  Example usage::
-
-    >>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
-    >>> parser.add_argument("--foo", action="extend", nargs="+", type=str)
-    >>> parser.parse_args(["--foo", "f1", "--foo", "f2", "f3", "f4"])
-    Namespace(foo=['f1', 'f2', 'f3', 'f4'])
-
-  .. versionadded:: 3.8
+Only actions that consume command-line arguments (e.g. ``'store'``,
+``'append'`` or ``'extend'``) can be used with positional arguments.
 
 You may also specify an arbitrary action by passing an Action subclass or
 other object that implements the same interface. The ``BooleanOptionalAction``
@@ -1002,16 +869,14 @@ See also :ref:`specifying-ambiguous-arguments`. The supported values are:
   output files::
 
      >>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
-     >>> parser.add_argument('infile', nargs='?', type=argparse.FileType('r'),
-     ...                     default=sys.stdin)
-     >>> parser.add_argument('outfile', nargs='?', type=argparse.FileType('w'),
-     ...                     default=sys.stdout)
+     >>> parser.add_argument('infile', nargs='?')
+     >>> parser.add_argument('outfile', nargs='?')
      >>> parser.parse_args(['input.txt', 'output.txt'])
-     Namespace(infile=<_io.TextIOWrapper name='input.txt' encoding='UTF-8'>,
-               outfile=<_io.TextIOWrapper name='output.txt' encoding='UTF-8'>)
+     Namespace(infile='input.txt', outfile='output.txt')
+     >>> parser.parse_args(['input.txt'])
+     Namespace(infile='input.txt', outfile=None)
      >>> parser.parse_args([])
-     Namespace(infile=<_io.TextIOWrapper name='<stdin>' encoding='UTF-8'>,
-               outfile=<_io.TextIOWrapper name='<stdout>' encoding='UTF-8'>)
+     Namespace(infile=None, outfile=None)
 
 .. index:: single: * (asterisk); in argparse module
 
@@ -1044,6 +909,8 @@ See also :ref:`specifying-ambiguous-arguments`. The supported values are:
 If the ``nargs`` keyword argument is not provided, the number of arguments consumed
 is determined by the action_.  Generally this means a single command-line argument
 will be consumed and a single item (not a list) will be produced.
+Actions that do not consume command-line arguments (e.g.
+``'store_const'``) set ``nargs=0``.
 
 
 .. _const:
@@ -1094,7 +961,7 @@ was not present at the command line::
    Namespace(foo=42)
 
 If the target namespace already has an attribute set, the action *default*
-will not over write it::
+will not overwrite it::
 
    >>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
    >>> parser.add_argument('--foo', default=42)
@@ -1122,6 +989,9 @@ is used when no command-line argument was present::
    >>> parser.parse_args([])
    Namespace(foo=42)
 
+For required_ arguments, the ``default`` value is ignored. For example, this
+applies to positional arguments with nargs_ values other than ``?`` or ``*``,
+or optional arguments marked as ``required=True``.
 
 Providing ``default=argparse.SUPPRESS`` causes no attribute to be added if the
 command-line argument was not present::
@@ -1165,8 +1035,6 @@ Common built-in types and functions can be used as type converters:
    parser.add_argument('distance', type=float)
    parser.add_argument('street', type=ascii)
    parser.add_argument('code_point', type=ord)
-   parser.add_argument('source_file', type=open)
-   parser.add_argument('dest_file', type=argparse.FileType('w', encoding='latin-1'))
    parser.add_argument('datapath', type=pathlib.Path)
 
 User defined functions can be used as well:
@@ -1196,10 +1064,11 @@ better reporting than can be given by the ``type`` keyword.  A
 :exc:`FileNotFoundError` exception would not be handled at all.
 
 Even :class:`~argparse.FileType` has its limitations for use with the ``type``
-keyword.  If one argument uses *FileType* and then a subsequent argument fails,
-an error is reported but the file is not automatically closed.  In this case, it
-would be better to wait until after the parser has run and then use the
-:keyword:`with`-statement to manage the files.
+keyword.  If one argument uses :class:`~argparse.FileType` and then a
+subsequent argument fails, an error is reported but the file is not
+automatically closed.  In this case, it would be better to wait until after
+the parser has run and then use the :keyword:`with`-statement to manage the
+files.
 
 For type checkers that simply check against a fixed set of values, consider
 using the choices_ keyword instead.
@@ -1227,15 +1096,7 @@ if the argument was not one of the acceptable values::
 
 Note that inclusion in the *choices* sequence is checked after any type_
 conversions have been performed, so the type of the objects in the *choices*
-sequence should match the type_ specified::
-
-   >>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='doors.py')
-   >>> parser.add_argument('door', type=int, choices=range(1, 4))
-   >>> print(parser.parse_args(['3']))
-   Namespace(door=3)
-   >>> parser.parse_args(['4'])
-   usage: doors.py [-h] {1,2,3}
-   doors.py: error: argument door: invalid choice: 4 (choose from 1, 2, 3)
+sequence should match the type_ specified.
 
 Any sequence can be passed as the *choices* value, so :class:`list` objects,
 :class:`tuple` objects, and custom sequences are all supported.
@@ -1285,22 +1146,7 @@ help
 The ``help`` value is a string containing a brief description of the argument.
 When a user requests help (usually by using ``-h`` or ``--help`` at the
 command line), these ``help`` descriptions will be displayed with each
-argument::
-
-   >>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='frobble')
-   >>> parser.add_argument('--foo', action='store_true',
-   ...                     help='foo the bars before frobbling')
-   >>> parser.add_argument('bar', nargs='+',
-   ...                     help='one of the bars to be frobbled')
-   >>> parser.parse_args(['-h'])
-   usage: frobble [-h] [--foo] bar [bar ...]
-
-   positional arguments:
-    bar     one of the bars to be frobbled
-
-   options:
-    -h, --help  show this help message and exit
-    --foo   foo the bars before frobbling
+argument.
 
 The ``help`` strings can include various format specifiers to avoid repetition
 of things like the program name or the argument default_.  The available
@@ -1455,7 +1301,7 @@ The ``deprecated`` keyword argument of
 specifies if the argument is deprecated and will be removed
 in the future.
 For arguments, if ``deprecated`` is ``True``, then a warning will be
-printed to standard error when the argument is used::
+printed to :data:`sys.stderr` when the argument is used::
 
    >>> import argparse
    >>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='snake.py')
@@ -1466,7 +1312,7 @@ printed to standard error when the argument is used::
    snake.py: warning: option '--legs' is deprecated
    Namespace(legs=4)
 
-.. versionchanged:: 3.13
+.. versionadded:: 3.13
 
 
 Action classes
@@ -1481,40 +1327,41 @@ this API may be passed as the ``action`` parameter to
                   type=None, choices=None, required=False, help=None, \
                   metavar=None)
 
-Action objects are used by an ArgumentParser to represent the information
-needed to parse a single argument from one or more strings from the
-command line. The Action class must accept the two positional arguments
-plus any keyword arguments passed to :meth:`ArgumentParser.add_argument`
-except for the ``action`` itself.
+   Action objects are used by an ArgumentParser to represent the information
+   needed to parse a single argument from one or more strings from the
+   command line. The Action class must accept the two positional arguments
+   plus any keyword arguments passed to :meth:`ArgumentParser.add_argument`
+   except for the ``action`` itself.
 
-Instances of Action (or return value of any callable to the ``action``
-parameter) should have attributes "dest", "option_strings", "default", "type",
-"required", "help", etc. defined. The easiest way to ensure these attributes
-are defined is to call ``Action.__init__``.
+   Instances of Action (or return value of any callable to the ``action``
+   parameter) should have attributes "dest", "option_strings", "default", "type",
+   "required", "help", etc. defined. The easiest way to ensure these attributes
+   are defined is to call ``Action.__init__``.
 
-Action instances should be callable, so subclasses must override the
-``__call__`` method, which should accept four parameters:
+   Action instances should be callable, so subclasses must override the
+   ``__call__`` method, which should accept four parameters:
 
-* ``parser`` - The ArgumentParser object which contains this action.
+   * *parser* - The ArgumentParser object which contains this action.
 
-* ``namespace`` - The :class:`Namespace` object that will be returned by
-  :meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_args`.  Most actions add an attribute to this
-  object using :func:`setattr`.
+   * *namespace* - The :class:`Namespace` object that will be returned by
+      :meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_args`.  Most actions add an attribute to this
+      object using :func:`setattr`.
 
-* ``values`` - The associated command-line arguments, with any type conversions
-  applied.  Type conversions are specified with the type_ keyword argument to
-  :meth:`~ArgumentParser.add_argument`.
+   * *values* - The associated command-line arguments, with any type conversions
+      applied.  Type conversions are specified with the type_ keyword argument to
+      :meth:`~ArgumentParser.add_argument`.
 
-* ``option_string`` - The option string that was used to invoke this action.
-  The ``option_string`` argument is optional, and will be absent if the action
-  is associated with a positional argument.
+   * *option_string* - The option string that was used to invoke this action.
+      The ``option_string`` argument is optional, and will be absent if the action
+      is associated with a positional argument.
 
-The ``__call__`` method may perform arbitrary actions, but will typically set
-attributes on the ``namespace`` based on ``dest`` and ``values``.
+   The ``__call__`` method may perform arbitrary actions, but will typically set
+   attributes on the ``namespace`` based on ``dest`` and ``values``.
+
+   Action subclasses can define a ``format_usage`` method that takes no argument
+   and return a string which will be used when printing the usage of the program.
+   If such method is not provided, a sensible default will be used.
 
-Action subclasses can define a ``format_usage`` method that takes no argument
-and return a string which will be used when printing the usage of the program.
-If such method is not provided, a sensible default will be used.
 
 The parse_args() method
 -----------------------
@@ -1709,29 +1556,29 @@ The Namespace object
    Simple class used by default by :meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_args` to create
    an object holding attributes and return it.
 
-This class is deliberately simple, just an :class:`object` subclass with a
-readable string representation. If you prefer to have dict-like view of the
-attributes, you can use the standard Python idiom, :func:`vars`::
+   This class is deliberately simple, just an :class:`object` subclass with a
+   readable string representation. If you prefer to have dict-like view of the
+   attributes, you can use the standard Python idiom, :func:`vars`::
 
-   >>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
-   >>> parser.add_argument('--foo')
-   >>> args = parser.parse_args(['--foo', 'BAR'])
-   >>> vars(args)
-   {'foo': 'BAR'}
-
-It may also be useful to have an :class:`ArgumentParser` assign attributes to an
-already existing object, rather than a new :class:`Namespace` object.  This can
-be achieved by specifying the ``namespace=`` keyword argument::
-
-   >>> class C:
-   ...     pass
-   ...
-   >>> c = C()
-   >>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
-   >>> parser.add_argument('--foo')
-   >>> parser.parse_args(args=['--foo', 'BAR'], namespace=c)
-   >>> c.foo
-   'BAR'
+      >>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
+      >>> parser.add_argument('--foo')
+      >>> args = parser.parse_args(['--foo', 'BAR'])
+      >>> vars(args)
+      {'foo': 'BAR'}
+
+   It may also be useful to have an :class:`ArgumentParser` assign attributes to an
+   already existing object, rather than a new :class:`Namespace` object.  This can
+   be achieved by specifying the ``namespace=`` keyword argument::
+
+      >>> class C:
+      ...     pass
+      ...
+      >>> c = C()
+      >>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
+      >>> parser.add_argument('--foo')
+      >>> parser.parse_args(args=['--foo', 'BAR'], namespace=c)
+      >>> c.foo
+      'BAR'
 
 
 Other utilities
@@ -1745,12 +1592,12 @@ Sub-commands
                                           [option_strings], [dest], [required], \
                                           [help], [metavar])
 
-   Many programs split up their functionality into a number of sub-commands,
-   for example, the ``svn`` program can invoke sub-commands like ``svn
+   Many programs split up their functionality into a number of subcommands,
+   for example, the ``svn`` program can invoke subcommands like ``svn
    checkout``, ``svn update``, and ``svn commit``.  Splitting up functionality
    this way can be a particularly good idea when a program performs several
    different functions which require different kinds of command-line arguments.
-   :class:`ArgumentParser` supports the creation of such sub-commands with the
+   :class:`ArgumentParser` supports the creation of such subcommands with the
    :meth:`add_subparsers` method.  The :meth:`add_subparsers` method is normally
    called with no arguments and returns a special action object.  This object
    has a single method, :meth:`~_SubParsersAction.add_parser`, which takes a
@@ -1759,18 +1606,18 @@ Sub-commands
 
    Description of parameters:
 
-   * title - title for the sub-parser group in help output; by default
+   * *title* - title for the sub-parser group in help output; by default
      "subcommands" if description is provided, otherwise uses title for
      positional arguments
 
-   * description - description for the sub-parser group in help output, by
+   * *description* - description for the sub-parser group in help output, by
      default ``None``
 
-   * prog - usage information that will be displayed with sub-command help,
+   * *prog* - usage information that will be displayed with sub-command help,
      by default the name of the program and any positional arguments before the
      subparser argument
 
-   * parser_class - class which will be used to create sub-parser instances, by
+   * *parser_class* - class which will be used to create sub-parser instances, by
      default the class of the current parser (e.g. ArgumentParser)
 
    * action_ - the basic type of action to be taken when this argument is
@@ -1784,15 +1631,15 @@ Sub-commands
 
    * help_ - help for sub-parser group in help output, by default ``None``
 
-   * metavar_ - string presenting available sub-commands in help; by default it
-     is ``None`` and presents sub-commands in form {cmd1, cmd2, ..}
+   * metavar_ - string presenting available subcommands in help; by default it
+     is ``None`` and presents subcommands in form {cmd1, cmd2, ..}
 
    Some example usage::
 
      >>> # create the top-level parser
      >>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='PROG')
      >>> parser.add_argument('--foo', action='store_true', help='foo help')
-     >>> subparsers = parser.add_subparsers(help='sub-command help')
+     >>> subparsers = parser.add_subparsers(help='subcommand help')
      >>>
      >>> # create the parser for the "a" command
      >>> parser_a = subparsers.add_parser('a', help='a help')
@@ -1800,7 +1647,7 @@ Sub-commands
      >>>
      >>> # create the parser for the "b" command
      >>> parser_b = subparsers.add_parser('b', help='b help')
-     >>> parser_b.add_argument('--baz', choices='XYZ', help='baz help')
+     >>> parser_b.add_argument('--baz', choices=('X', 'Y', 'Z'), help='baz help')
      >>>
      >>> # parse some argument lists
      >>> parser.parse_args(['a', '12'])
@@ -1827,7 +1674,7 @@ Sub-commands
      usage: PROG [-h] [--foo] {a,b} ...
 
      positional arguments:
-       {a,b}   sub-command help
+       {a,b}   subcommand help
          a     a help
          b     b help
 
@@ -1898,12 +1745,12 @@ Sub-commands
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.13
 
-   One particularly effective way of handling sub-commands is to combine the use
+   One particularly effective way of handling subcommands is to combine the use
    of the :meth:`add_subparsers` method with calls to :meth:`set_defaults` so
    that each subparser knows which Python function it should execute.  For
    example::
 
-     >>> # sub-command functions
+     >>> # subcommand functions
      >>> def foo(args):
      ...     print(args.x * args.y)
      ...
@@ -1981,14 +1828,25 @@ FileType objects
       >>> parser.parse_args(['-'])
       Namespace(infile=<_io.TextIOWrapper name='<stdin>' encoding='UTF-8'>)
 
+   .. note::
+
+      If one argument uses *FileType* and then a subsequent argument fails,
+      an error is reported but the file is not automatically closed.
+      This can also clobber the output files.
+      In this case, it would be better to wait until after the parser has
+      run and then use the :keyword:`with`-statement to manage the files.
+
    .. versionchanged:: 3.4
       Added the *encodings* and *errors* parameters.
 
+   .. deprecated:: 3.14
+
 
 Argument groups
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
-.. method:: ArgumentParser.add_argument_group(title=None, description=None)
+.. method:: ArgumentParser.add_argument_group(title=None, description=None, *, \
+                                              [argument_default], [conflict_handler])
 
    By default, :class:`ArgumentParser` groups command-line arguments into
    "positional arguments" and "options" when displaying help
@@ -2033,6 +1891,11 @@ Argument groups
 
        --bar BAR  bar help
 
+   The optional, keyword-only parameters argument_default_ and conflict_handler_
+   allow for finer-grained control of the behavior of the argument group. These
+   parameters have the same meaning as in the :class:`ArgumentParser` constructor,
+   but apply specifically to the argument group rather than the entire parser.
+
    Note that any arguments not in your user-defined groups will end up back
    in the usual "positional arguments" and "optional arguments" sections.
 
@@ -2042,6 +1905,10 @@ Argument groups
     The function exists on the API by accident through inheritance and
     will be removed in the future.
 
+   .. deprecated:: 3.14
+    Passing prefix_chars_ to :meth:`add_argument_group`
+    is now deprecated.
+
 
 Mutual exclusion
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
@@ -2185,20 +2052,20 @@ Partial parsing
 
 .. method:: ArgumentParser.parse_known_args(args=None, namespace=None)
 
-Sometimes a script may only parse a few of the command-line arguments, passing
-the remaining arguments on to another script or program. In these cases, the
-:meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_known_args` method can be useful.  It works much like
-:meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_args` except that it does not produce an error when
-extra arguments are present.  Instead, it returns a two item tuple containing
-the populated namespace and the list of remaining argument strings.
+   Sometimes a script may only parse a few of the command-line arguments, passing
+   the remaining arguments on to another script or program. In these cases, the
+   :meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_known_args` method can be useful.  It works much like
+   :meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_args` except that it does not produce an error when
+   extra arguments are present.  Instead, it returns a two item tuple containing
+   the populated namespace and the list of remaining argument strings.
 
-::
+   ::
 
-   >>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
-   >>> parser.add_argument('--foo', action='store_true')
-   >>> parser.add_argument('bar')
-   >>> parser.parse_known_args(['--foo', '--badger', 'BAR', 'spam'])
-   (Namespace(bar='BAR', foo=True), ['--badger', 'spam'])
+      >>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
+      >>> parser.add_argument('--foo', action='store_true')
+      >>> parser.add_argument('bar')
+      >>> parser.parse_known_args(['--foo', '--badger', 'BAR', 'spam'])
+      (Namespace(bar='BAR', foo=True), ['--badger', 'spam'])
 
 .. warning::
    :ref:`Prefix matching <prefix-matching>` rules apply to
@@ -2235,8 +2102,8 @@ Exiting methods
 .. method:: ArgumentParser.exit(status=0, message=None)
 
    This method terminates the program, exiting with the specified *status*
-   and, if given, it prints a *message* before that. The user can override
-   this method to handle these steps differently::
+   and, if given, it prints a *message* to :data:`sys.stderr` before that.
+   The user can override this method to handle these steps differently::
 
     class ErrorCatchingArgumentParser(argparse.ArgumentParser):
         def exit(self, status=0, message=None):
@@ -2246,8 +2113,8 @@ Exiting methods
 
 .. method:: ArgumentParser.error(message)
 
-   This method prints a usage message including the *message* to the
-   standard error and terminates the program with a status code of 2.
+   This method prints a usage message, including the *message*, to
+   :data:`sys.stderr` and terminates the program with a status code of 2.
 
 
 Intermixed parsing
@@ -2256,90 +2123,38 @@ Intermixed parsing
 .. method:: ArgumentParser.parse_intermixed_args(args=None, namespace=None)
 .. method:: ArgumentParser.parse_known_intermixed_args(args=None, namespace=None)
 
-A number of Unix commands allow the user to intermix optional arguments with
-positional arguments.  The :meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_intermixed_args`
-and :meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_known_intermixed_args` methods
-support this parsing style.
-
-These parsers do not support all the argparse features, and will raise
-exceptions if unsupported features are used.  In particular, subparsers,
-and mutually exclusive groups that include both
-optionals and positionals are not supported.
-
-The following example shows the difference between
-:meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_known_args` and
-:meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_intermixed_args`: the former returns ``['2',
-'3']`` as unparsed arguments, while the latter collects all the positionals
-into ``rest``.  ::
-
-   >>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
-   >>> parser.add_argument('--foo')
-   >>> parser.add_argument('cmd')
-   >>> parser.add_argument('rest', nargs='*', type=int)
-   >>> parser.parse_known_args('doit 1 --foo bar 2 3'.split())
-   (Namespace(cmd='doit', foo='bar', rest=[1]), ['2', '3'])
-   >>> parser.parse_intermixed_args('doit 1 --foo bar 2 3'.split())
-   Namespace(cmd='doit', foo='bar', rest=[1, 2, 3])
-
-:meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_known_intermixed_args` returns a two item tuple
-containing the populated namespace and the list of remaining argument strings.
-:meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_intermixed_args` raises an error if there are any
-remaining unparsed argument strings.
-
-.. versionadded:: 3.7
-
-.. _upgrading-optparse-code:
-
-Upgrading optparse code
------------------------
-
-Originally, the :mod:`argparse` module had attempted to maintain compatibility
-with :mod:`optparse`.  However, :mod:`optparse` was difficult to extend
-transparently, particularly with the changes required to support the new
-``nargs=`` specifiers and better usage messages.  When most everything in
-:mod:`optparse` had either been copy-pasted over or monkey-patched, it no
-longer seemed practical to try to maintain the backwards compatibility.
-
-The :mod:`argparse` module improves on the standard library :mod:`optparse`
-module in a number of ways including:
-
-* Handling positional arguments.
-* Supporting sub-commands.
-* Allowing alternative option prefixes like ``+`` and ``/``.
-* Handling zero-or-more and one-or-more style arguments.
-* Producing more informative usage messages.
-* Providing a much simpler interface for custom ``type`` and ``action``.
-
-A partial upgrade path from :mod:`optparse` to :mod:`argparse`:
-
-* Replace all :meth:`optparse.OptionParser.add_option` calls with
-  :meth:`ArgumentParser.add_argument` calls.
-
-* Replace ``(options, args) = parser.parse_args()`` with ``args =
-  parser.parse_args()`` and add additional :meth:`ArgumentParser.add_argument`
-  calls for the positional arguments. Keep in mind that what was previously
-  called ``options``, now in the :mod:`argparse` context is called ``args``.
+   A number of Unix commands allow the user to intermix optional arguments with
+   positional arguments.  The :meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_intermixed_args`
+   and :meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_known_intermixed_args` methods
+   support this parsing style.
 
-* Replace :meth:`optparse.OptionParser.disable_interspersed_args`
-  by using :meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_intermixed_args` instead of
-  :meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_args`.
+   These parsers do not support all the argparse features, and will raise
+   exceptions if unsupported features are used.  In particular, subparsers,
+   and mutually exclusive groups that include both
+   optionals and positionals are not supported.
 
-* Replace callback actions and the ``callback_*`` keyword arguments with
-  ``type`` or ``action`` arguments.
+   The following example shows the difference between
+   :meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_known_args` and
+   :meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_intermixed_args`: the former returns ``['2',
+   '3']`` as unparsed arguments, while the latter collects all the positionals
+   into ``rest``.  ::
 
-* Replace string names for ``type`` keyword arguments with the corresponding
-  type objects (e.g. int, float, complex, etc).
+      >>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
+      >>> parser.add_argument('--foo')
+      >>> parser.add_argument('cmd')
+      >>> parser.add_argument('rest', nargs='*', type=int)
+      >>> parser.parse_known_args('doit 1 --foo bar 2 3'.split())
+      (Namespace(cmd='doit', foo='bar', rest=[1]), ['2', '3'])
+      >>> parser.parse_intermixed_args('doit 1 --foo bar 2 3'.split())
+      Namespace(cmd='doit', foo='bar', rest=[1, 2, 3])
 
-* Replace :class:`optparse.Values` with :class:`Namespace` and
-  :exc:`optparse.OptionError` and :exc:`optparse.OptionValueError` with
-  :exc:`ArgumentError`.
+   :meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_known_intermixed_args` returns a two item tuple
+   containing the populated namespace and the list of remaining argument strings.
+   :meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_intermixed_args` raises an error if there are any
+   remaining unparsed argument strings.
 
-* Replace strings with implicit arguments such as ``%default`` or ``%prog`` with
-  the standard Python syntax to use dictionaries to format strings, that is,
-  ``%(default)s`` and ``%(prog)s``.
+   .. versionadded:: 3.7
 
-* Replace the OptionParser constructor ``version`` argument with a call to
-  ``parser.add_argument('--version', action='version', version='<the version>')``.
 
 Exceptions
 ----------
@@ -2354,3 +2169,12 @@ Exceptions
 .. exception:: ArgumentTypeError
 
    Raised when something goes wrong converting a command line string to a type.
+
+
+.. rubric:: Guides and Tutorials
+
+.. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 1
+
+   ../howto/argparse.rst
+   ../howto/argparse-optparse.rst
diff --git a/Doc/library/array.rst b/Doc/library/array.rst
index d34a1888342e27..e0b1eb89cf6c05 100644
--- a/Doc/library/array.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/array.rst
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 --------------
 
 This module defines an object type which can compactly represent an array of
-basic values: characters, integers, floating point numbers.  Arrays are sequence
+basic values: characters, integers, floating-point numbers.  Arrays are sequence
 types and behave very much like lists, except that the type of objects stored in
 them is constrained.  The type is specified at object creation time by using a
 :dfn:`type code`, which is a single character.  The following type codes are
@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ The string representation is guaranteed to be able to be converted back to an
 array with the same type and value using :func:`eval`, so long as the
 :class:`~array.array` class has been imported using ``from array import array``.
 Variables ``inf`` and ``nan`` must also be defined if it contains
-corresponding floating point values.
+corresponding floating-point values.
 Examples::
 
    array('l')
diff --git a/Doc/library/ast.rst b/Doc/library/ast.rst
index 9ee56b92431b57..22d8c87cb58e78 100644
--- a/Doc/library/ast.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/ast.rst
@@ -134,6 +134,11 @@ Node classes
    Simple indices are represented by their value, extended slices are
    represented as tuples.
 
+.. versionchanged:: 3.14
+
+    The :meth:`~object.__repr__` output of :class:`~ast.AST` nodes includes
+    the values of the node fields.
+
 .. deprecated:: 3.8
 
    Old classes :class:`!ast.Num`, :class:`!ast.Str`, :class:`!ast.Bytes`,
@@ -173,9 +178,9 @@ Root nodes
    A Python module, as with :ref:`file input <file-input>`.
    Node type generated by :func:`ast.parse` in the default ``"exec"`` *mode*.
 
-   *body* is a :class:`list` of the module's :ref:`ast-statements`.
+   ``body`` is a :class:`list` of the module's :ref:`ast-statements`.
 
-   *type_ignores* is a :class:`list` of the module's type ignore comments;
+   ``type_ignores`` is a :class:`list` of the module's type ignore comments;
    see :func:`ast.parse` for more details.
 
    .. doctest::
@@ -194,7 +199,7 @@ Root nodes
    A single Python :ref:`expression input <expression-input>`.
    Node type generated by :func:`ast.parse` when *mode* is ``"eval"``.
 
-   *body* is a single node,
+   ``body`` is a single node,
    one of the :ref:`expression types <ast-expressions>`.
 
    .. doctest::
@@ -209,7 +214,7 @@ Root nodes
    A single :ref:`interactive input <interactive>`, like in :ref:`tut-interac`.
    Node type generated by :func:`ast.parse` when *mode* is ``"single"``.
 
-   *body* is a :class:`list` of :ref:`statement nodes <ast-statements>`.
+   ``body`` is a :class:`list` of :ref:`statement nodes <ast-statements>`.
 
    .. doctest::
 
@@ -238,9 +243,9 @@ Root nodes
            # type: (int, int) -> int
            return a + b
 
-   *argtypes* is a :class:`list` of :ref:`expression nodes <ast-expressions>`.
+   ``argtypes`` is a :class:`list` of :ref:`expression nodes <ast-expressions>`.
 
-   *returns* is a single :ref:`expression node <ast-expressions>`.
+   ``returns`` is a single :ref:`expression node <ast-expressions>`.
 
    .. doctest::
 
@@ -889,11 +894,15 @@ Statements
 .. class:: AnnAssign(target, annotation, value, simple)
 
    An assignment with a type annotation. ``target`` is a single node and can
-   be a :class:`Name`, a :class:`Attribute` or a :class:`Subscript`.
+   be a :class:`Name`, an :class:`Attribute` or a :class:`Subscript`.
    ``annotation`` is the annotation, such as a :class:`Constant` or :class:`Name`
-   node. ``value`` is a single optional node. ``simple`` is a boolean integer
-   set to True for a :class:`Name` node in ``target`` that do not appear in
-   between parenthesis and are hence pure names and not expressions.
+   node. ``value`` is a single optional node.
+
+   ``simple`` is always either 0 (indicating a "complex" target) or 1
+   (indicating a "simple" target). A "simple" target consists solely of a
+   :class:`Name` node that does not appear between parentheses; all other
+   targets are considered complex. Only simple targets appear in
+   the :attr:`~object.__annotations__` dictionary of modules and classes.
 
    .. doctest::
 
@@ -1762,9 +1771,9 @@ aliases.
 
 .. class:: TypeVar(name, bound, default_value)
 
-   A :class:`typing.TypeVar`. *name* is the name of the type variable.
-   *bound* is the bound or constraints, if any. If *bound* is a :class:`Tuple`,
-   it represents constraints; otherwise it represents the bound. *default_value*
+   A :class:`typing.TypeVar`. ``name`` is the name of the type variable.
+   ``bound`` is the bound or constraints, if any. If ``bound`` is a :class:`Tuple`,
+   it represents constraints; otherwise it represents the bound. ``default_value``
    is the default value; if the :class:`!TypeVar` has no default, this
    attribute will be set to ``None``.
 
@@ -1792,8 +1801,8 @@ aliases.
 
 .. class:: ParamSpec(name, default_value)
 
-   A :class:`typing.ParamSpec`. *name* is the name of the parameter specification.
-   *default_value* is the default value; if the :class:`!ParamSpec` has no default,
+   A :class:`typing.ParamSpec`. ``name`` is the name of the parameter specification.
+   ``default_value`` is the default value; if the :class:`!ParamSpec` has no default,
    this attribute will be set to ``None``.
 
    .. doctest::
@@ -1827,8 +1836,8 @@ aliases.
 
 .. class:: TypeVarTuple(name, default_value)
 
-   A :class:`typing.TypeVarTuple`. *name* is the name of the type variable tuple.
-   *default_value* is the default value; if the :class:`!TypeVarTuple` has no
+   A :class:`typing.TypeVarTuple`. ``name`` is the name of the type variable tuple.
+   ``default_value`` is the default value; if the :class:`!TypeVarTuple` has no
    default, this attribute will be set to ``None``.
 
    .. doctest::
@@ -1977,7 +1986,7 @@ Function and class definitions
            YieldFrom(value)
 
    A ``yield`` or ``yield from`` expression. Because these are expressions, they
-   must be wrapped in a :class:`Expr` node if the value sent back is not used.
+   must be wrapped in an :class:`Expr` node if the value sent back is not used.
 
    .. doctest::
 
@@ -2029,8 +2038,7 @@ Function and class definitions
    * ``name`` is a raw string for the class name
    * ``bases`` is a list of nodes for explicitly specified base classes.
    * ``keywords`` is a list of :class:`.keyword` nodes, principally for 'metaclass'.
-     Other keywords will be passed to the metaclass, as per `PEP-3115
-     <https://peps.python.org/pep-3115/>`_.
+     Other keywords will be passed to the metaclass, as per :pep:`3115`.
    * ``body`` is a list of nodes representing the code within the class
      definition.
    * ``decorator_list`` is a list of nodes, as in :class:`FunctionDef`.
@@ -2130,7 +2138,7 @@ and classes for traversing abstract syntax trees:
    If ``type_comments=True`` is given, the parser is modified to check
    and return type comments as specified by :pep:`484` and :pep:`526`.
    This is equivalent to adding :data:`ast.PyCF_TYPE_COMMENTS` to the
-   flags passed to :func:`compile()`.  This will report syntax errors
+   flags passed to :func:`compile`.  This will report syntax errors
    for misplaced type comments.  Without this flag, type comments will
    be ignored, and the ``type_comment`` field on selected AST nodes
    will always be ``None``.  In addition, the locations of ``# type:
diff --git a/Doc/library/asyncio-dev.rst b/Doc/library/asyncio-dev.rst
index a9c3a0183bb72d..44b507a9811116 100644
--- a/Doc/library/asyncio-dev.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/asyncio-dev.rst
@@ -103,7 +103,8 @@ To handle signals the event loop must be
 run in the main thread.
 
 The :meth:`loop.run_in_executor` method can be used with a
-:class:`concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor` to execute
+:class:`concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor` or
+:class:`~concurrent.futures.InterpreterPoolExecutor` to execute
 blocking code in a different OS thread without blocking the OS thread
 that the event loop runs in.
 
@@ -128,7 +129,8 @@ if a function performs a CPU-intensive calculation for 1 second,
 all concurrent asyncio Tasks and IO operations would be delayed
 by 1 second.
 
-An executor can be used to run a task in a different thread or even in
+An executor can be used to run a task in a different thread,
+including in a different interpreter, or even in
 a different process to avoid blocking the OS thread with the
 event loop.  See the :meth:`loop.run_in_executor` method for more
 details.
diff --git a/Doc/library/asyncio-eventloop.rst b/Doc/library/asyncio-eventloop.rst
index 374e789e91e790..14fd153f640f05 100644
--- a/Doc/library/asyncio-eventloop.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/asyncio-eventloop.rst
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ Running and stopping the loop
 
    Run the event loop until :meth:`stop` is called.
 
-   If :meth:`stop` is called before :meth:`run_forever()` is called,
+   If :meth:`stop` is called before :meth:`run_forever` is called,
    the loop will poll the I/O selector once with a timeout of zero,
    run all callbacks scheduled in response to I/O events (and
    those that were already scheduled), and then exit.
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ Running and stopping the loop
 .. coroutinemethod:: loop.shutdown_asyncgens()
 
    Schedule all currently open :term:`asynchronous generator` objects to
-   close with an :meth:`~agen.aclose()` call.  After calling this method,
+   close with an :meth:`~agen.aclose` call.  After calling this method,
    the event loop will issue a warning if a new asynchronous generator
    is iterated. This should be used to reliably finalize all scheduled
    asynchronous generators.
@@ -1155,6 +1155,14 @@ DNS
 
    Asynchronous version of :meth:`socket.getnameinfo`.
 
+.. note::
+   Both *getaddrinfo* and *getnameinfo* internally utilize their synchronous
+   versions through the loop's default thread pool executor.
+   When this executor is saturated, these methods may experience delays,
+   which higher-level networking libraries may report as increased timeouts.
+   To mitigate this, consider using a custom executor for other user tasks,
+   or setting a default executor with a larger number of workers.
+
 .. versionchanged:: 3.7
    Both *getaddrinfo* and *getnameinfo* methods were always documented
    to return a coroutine, but prior to Python 3.7 they were, in fact,
@@ -1254,6 +1262,9 @@ Executing code in thread or process pools
 
    The *executor* argument should be an :class:`concurrent.futures.Executor`
    instance. The default executor is used if *executor* is ``None``.
+   The default executor can be set by :meth:`loop.set_default_executor`,
+   otherwise, a :class:`concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor` will be
+   lazy-initialized and used by :func:`run_in_executor` if needed.
 
    Example::
 
@@ -1294,6 +1305,12 @@ Executing code in thread or process pools
                   pool, cpu_bound)
               print('custom process pool', result)
 
+          # 4. Run in a custom interpreter pool:
+          with concurrent.futures.InterpreterPoolExecutor() as pool:
+              result = await loop.run_in_executor(
+                  pool, cpu_bound)
+              print('custom interpreter pool', result)
+
       if __name__ == '__main__':
           asyncio.run(main())
 
@@ -1318,7 +1335,8 @@ Executing code in thread or process pools
 
    Set *executor* as the default executor used by :meth:`run_in_executor`.
    *executor* must be an instance of
-   :class:`~concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor`.
+   :class:`~concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor`, which includes
+   :class:`~concurrent.futures.InterpreterPoolExecutor`.
 
    .. versionchanged:: 3.11
       *executor* must be an instance of
@@ -1391,7 +1409,7 @@ Allows customizing how exceptions are handled in the event loop.
 
        This method should not be overloaded in subclassed
        event loops.  For custom exception handling, use
-       the :meth:`set_exception_handler()` method.
+       the :meth:`set_exception_handler` method.
 
 Enabling debug mode
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
@@ -1474,7 +1492,7 @@ async/await code consider using the high-level
    * *stdin* can be any of these:
 
      * a file-like object
-     * an existing file descriptor (a positive integer), for example those created with :meth:`os.pipe()`
+     * an existing file descriptor (a positive integer), for example those created with :meth:`os.pipe`
      * the :const:`subprocess.PIPE` constant (default) which will create a new
        pipe and connect it,
      * the value ``None`` which will make the subprocess inherit the file
diff --git a/Doc/library/asyncio-future.rst b/Doc/library/asyncio-future.rst
index 893ae5518f757d..9dce0731411940 100644
--- a/Doc/library/asyncio-future.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/asyncio-future.rst
@@ -120,20 +120,20 @@ Future Object
       a :exc:`CancelledError` exception.
 
       If the Future's result isn't yet available, this method raises
-      a :exc:`InvalidStateError` exception.
+      an :exc:`InvalidStateError` exception.
 
    .. method:: set_result(result)
 
       Mark the Future as *done* and set its result.
 
-      Raises a :exc:`InvalidStateError` error if the Future is
+      Raises an :exc:`InvalidStateError` error if the Future is
       already *done*.
 
    .. method:: set_exception(exception)
 
       Mark the Future as *done* and set an exception.
 
-      Raises a :exc:`InvalidStateError` error if the Future is
+      Raises an :exc:`InvalidStateError` error if the Future is
       already *done*.
 
    .. method:: done()
diff --git a/Doc/library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst b/Doc/library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst
index 67136ba69ec875..f5af888f31f186 100644
--- a/Doc/library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst
@@ -56,10 +56,10 @@ See also the main documentation section about the
     * - :meth:`loop.close`
       - Close the event loop.
 
-    * - :meth:`loop.is_running()`
+    * - :meth:`loop.is_running`
       - Return ``True`` if the event loop is running.
 
-    * - :meth:`loop.is_closed()`
+    * - :meth:`loop.is_closed`
       - Return ``True`` if the event loop is closed.
 
     * - ``await`` :meth:`loop.shutdown_asyncgens`
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ See also the main documentation section about the
       - Invoke a callback *at* the given time.
 
 
-.. rubric:: Thread/Process Pool
+.. rubric:: Thread/Interpreter/Process Pool
 .. list-table::
     :widths: 50 50
     :class: full-width-table
diff --git a/Doc/library/asyncio-platforms.rst b/Doc/library/asyncio-platforms.rst
index 19ec726c1be060..a2a3114ad6e4c5 100644
--- a/Doc/library/asyncio-platforms.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/asyncio-platforms.rst
@@ -77,11 +77,6 @@ Subprocess Support on Windows
 On Windows, the default event loop :class:`ProactorEventLoop` supports
 subprocesses, whereas :class:`SelectorEventLoop` does not.
 
-The :meth:`policy.set_child_watcher()
-<AbstractEventLoopPolicy.set_child_watcher>` function is also
-not supported, as :class:`ProactorEventLoop` has a different mechanism
-to watch child processes.
-
 
 macOS
 =====
diff --git a/Doc/library/asyncio-policy.rst b/Doc/library/asyncio-policy.rst
index 346b740a8f757a..837ccc6606786e 100644
--- a/Doc/library/asyncio-policy.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/asyncio-policy.rst
@@ -79,25 +79,6 @@ The abstract event loop policy base class is defined as follows:
 
       This method should never return ``None``.
 
-   .. method:: get_child_watcher()
-
-      Get a child process watcher object.
-
-      Return a watcher object implementing the
-      :class:`AbstractChildWatcher` interface.
-
-      This function is Unix specific.
-
-      .. deprecated:: 3.12
-
-   .. method:: set_child_watcher(watcher)
-
-      Set the current child process watcher to *watcher*.
-
-      This function is Unix specific.
-
-      .. deprecated:: 3.12
-
 
 .. _asyncio-policy-builtin:
 
@@ -139,172 +120,6 @@ asyncio ships with the following built-in policies:
    .. availability:: Windows.
 
 
-.. _asyncio-watchers:
-
-Process Watchers
-================
-
-A process watcher allows customization of how an event loop monitors
-child processes on Unix. Specifically, the event loop needs to know
-when a child process has exited.
-
-In asyncio, child processes are created with
-:func:`create_subprocess_exec` and :meth:`loop.subprocess_exec`
-functions.
-
-asyncio defines the :class:`AbstractChildWatcher` abstract base class, which child
-watchers should implement, and has four different implementations:
-:class:`ThreadedChildWatcher` (configured to be used by default),
-:class:`MultiLoopChildWatcher`, :class:`SafeChildWatcher`, and
-:class:`FastChildWatcher`.
-
-See also the :ref:`Subprocess and Threads <asyncio-subprocess-threads>`
-section.
-
-The following two functions can be used to customize the child process watcher
-implementation used by the asyncio event loop:
-
-.. function:: get_child_watcher()
-
-   Return the current child watcher for the current policy.
-
-   .. deprecated:: 3.12
-
-.. function:: set_child_watcher(watcher)
-
-   Set the current child watcher to *watcher* for the current
-   policy.  *watcher* must implement methods defined in the
-   :class:`AbstractChildWatcher` base class.
-
-   .. deprecated:: 3.12
-
-.. note::
-   Third-party event loops implementations might not support
-   custom child watchers.  For such event loops, using
-   :func:`set_child_watcher` might be prohibited or have no effect.
-
-.. class:: AbstractChildWatcher
-
-   .. method:: add_child_handler(pid, callback, *args)
-
-      Register a new child handler.
-
-      Arrange for ``callback(pid, returncode, *args)`` to be called
-      when a process with PID equal to *pid* terminates.  Specifying
-      another callback for the same process replaces the previous
-      handler.
-
-      The *callback* callable must be thread-safe.
-
-   .. method:: remove_child_handler(pid)
-
-      Removes the handler for process with PID equal to *pid*.
-
-      The function returns ``True`` if the handler was successfully
-      removed, ``False`` if there was nothing to remove.
-
-   .. method:: attach_loop(loop)
-
-      Attach the watcher to an event loop.
-
-      If the watcher was previously attached to an event loop, then
-      it is first detached before attaching to the new loop.
-
-      Note: loop may be ``None``.
-
-   .. method:: is_active()
-
-      Return ``True`` if the watcher is ready to use.
-
-      Spawning a subprocess with *inactive* current child watcher raises
-      :exc:`RuntimeError`.
-
-      .. versionadded:: 3.8
-
-   .. method:: close()
-
-      Close the watcher.
-
-      This method has to be called to ensure that underlying
-      resources are cleaned-up.
-
-   .. deprecated:: 3.12
-
-
-.. class:: ThreadedChildWatcher
-
-   This implementation starts a new waiting thread for every subprocess spawn.
-
-   It works reliably even when the asyncio event loop is run in a non-main OS thread.
-
-   There is no noticeable overhead when handling a big number of children (*O*\ (1) each
-   time a child terminates), but starting a thread per process requires extra memory.
-
-   This watcher is used by default.
-
-   .. versionadded:: 3.8
-
-.. class:: MultiLoopChildWatcher
-
-   This implementation registers a :py:data:`SIGCHLD` signal handler on
-   instantiation. That can break third-party code that installs a custom handler for
-   :py:data:`SIGCHLD` signal.
-
-   The watcher avoids disrupting other code spawning processes
-   by polling every process explicitly on a :py:data:`SIGCHLD` signal.
-
-   There is no limitation for running subprocesses from different threads once the
-   watcher is installed.
-
-   The solution is safe but it has a significant overhead when
-   handling a big number of processes (*O*\ (*n*) each time a
-   :py:data:`SIGCHLD` is received).
-
-   .. versionadded:: 3.8
-
-   .. deprecated:: 3.12
-
-.. class:: SafeChildWatcher
-
-   This implementation uses active event loop from the main thread to handle
-   :py:data:`SIGCHLD` signal. If the main thread has no running event loop another
-   thread cannot spawn a subprocess (:exc:`RuntimeError` is raised).
-
-   The watcher avoids disrupting other code spawning processes
-   by polling every process explicitly on a :py:data:`SIGCHLD` signal.
-
-   This solution is as safe as :class:`MultiLoopChildWatcher` and has the same *O*\ (*n*)
-   complexity but requires a running event loop in the main thread to work.
-
-   .. deprecated:: 3.12
-
-.. class:: FastChildWatcher
-
-   This implementation reaps every terminated processes by calling
-   ``os.waitpid(-1)`` directly, possibly breaking other code spawning
-   processes and waiting for their termination.
-
-   There is no noticeable overhead when handling a big number of
-   children (*O*\ (1) each time a child terminates).
-
-   This solution requires a running event loop in the main thread to work, as
-   :class:`SafeChildWatcher`.
-
-   .. deprecated:: 3.12
-
-.. class:: PidfdChildWatcher
-
-   This implementation polls process file descriptors (pidfds) to await child
-   process termination. In some respects, :class:`PidfdChildWatcher` is a
-   "Goldilocks" child watcher implementation. It doesn't require signals or
-   threads, doesn't interfere with any processes launched outside the event
-   loop, and scales linearly with the number of subprocesses launched by the
-   event loop. The main disadvantage is that pidfds are specific to Linux, and
-   only work on recent (5.3+) kernels.
-
-   .. versionadded:: 3.9
-
-
 .. _asyncio-custom-policies:
 
 Custom Policies
diff --git a/Doc/library/asyncio-queue.rst b/Doc/library/asyncio-queue.rst
index 9b579cc1d5fdfe..61991bf2f4ed1d 100644
--- a/Doc/library/asyncio-queue.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/asyncio-queue.rst
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ Queue
       Return ``True`` if there are :attr:`maxsize` items in the queue.
 
       If the queue was initialized with ``maxsize=0`` (the default),
-      then :meth:`full()` never returns ``True``.
+      then :meth:`full` never returns ``True``.
 
    .. coroutinemethod:: get()
 
diff --git a/Doc/library/asyncio-runner.rst b/Doc/library/asyncio-runner.rst
index ec170dfde9e9aa..28d5aaf3692baa 100644
--- a/Doc/library/asyncio-runner.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/asyncio-runner.rst
@@ -24,11 +24,13 @@ Running an asyncio Program
 
 .. function:: run(coro, *, debug=None, loop_factory=None)
 
-   Execute the :term:`coroutine` *coro* and return the result.
+   Execute *coro* in an asyncio event loop and return the result.
 
-   This function runs the passed coroutine, taking care of
-   managing the asyncio event loop, *finalizing asynchronous
-   generators*, and closing the executor.
+   The argument can be any awaitable object.
+
+   This function runs the awaitable, taking care of managing the
+   asyncio event loop, *finalizing asynchronous generators*, and
+   closing the executor.
 
    This function cannot be called when another asyncio event loop is
    running in the same thread.
@@ -70,6 +72,10 @@ Running an asyncio Program
 
       Added *loop_factory* parameter.
 
+   .. versionchanged:: 3.14
+
+      *coro* can be any awaitable object.
+
 
 Runner context manager
 ======================
@@ -91,7 +97,7 @@ Runner context manager
    current one. By default :func:`asyncio.new_event_loop` is used and set as
    current event loop with :func:`asyncio.set_event_loop` if *loop_factory* is ``None``.
 
-   Basically, :func:`asyncio.run()` example can be rewritten with the runner usage::
+   Basically, :func:`asyncio.run` example can be rewritten with the runner usage::
 
         async def main():
             await asyncio.sleep(1)
@@ -104,17 +110,25 @@ Runner context manager
 
    .. method:: run(coro, *, context=None)
 
-      Run a :term:`coroutine <coroutine>` *coro* in the embedded loop.
+      Execute *coro* in the embedded event loop.
+
+      The argument can be any awaitable object.
 
-      Return the coroutine's result or raise its exception.
+      If the argument is a coroutine, it is wrapped in a Task.
 
       An optional keyword-only *context* argument allows specifying a
-      custom :class:`contextvars.Context` for the *coro* to run in.
-      The runner's default context is used if ``None``.
+      custom :class:`contextvars.Context` for the code to run in.
+      The runner's default context is used if context is ``None``.
+
+      Returns the awaitable's result or raises an exception.
 
       This function cannot be called when another asyncio event loop is
       running in the same thread.
 
+      .. versionchanged:: 3.14
+
+         *coro* can be any awaitable object.
+
    .. method:: close()
 
       Close the runner.
diff --git a/Doc/library/asyncio-subprocess.rst b/Doc/library/asyncio-subprocess.rst
index 817a6ff3052f4a..b477a7fa2d37ef 100644
--- a/Doc/library/asyncio-subprocess.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/asyncio-subprocess.rst
@@ -316,18 +316,6 @@ default.
 On Windows subprocesses are provided by :class:`ProactorEventLoop` only (default),
 :class:`SelectorEventLoop` has no subprocess support.
 
-On UNIX *child watchers* are used for subprocess finish waiting, see
-:ref:`asyncio-watchers` for more info.
-
-
-.. versionchanged:: 3.8
-
-   UNIX switched to use :class:`ThreadedChildWatcher` for spawning subprocesses from
-   different threads without any limitation.
-
-   Spawning a subprocess with *inactive* current child watcher raises
-   :exc:`RuntimeError`.
-
 Note that alternative event loop implementations might have own limitations;
 please refer to their documentation.
 
diff --git a/Doc/library/asyncio-task.rst b/Doc/library/asyncio-task.rst
index c5deac7e2748ae..f27e858cf420f4 100644
--- a/Doc/library/asyncio-task.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/asyncio-task.rst
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ other coroutines::
         # Nothing happens if we just call "nested()".
         # A coroutine object is created but not awaited,
         # so it *won't run at all*.
-        nested()
+        nested()  # will raise a "RuntimeWarning".
 
         # Let's do it differently now and await it:
         print(await nested())  # will print "42".
@@ -414,6 +414,53 @@ reported by :meth:`asyncio.Task.cancelling`.
    Improved handling of simultaneous internal and external cancellations
    and correct preservation of cancellation counts.
 
+Terminating a Task Group
+------------------------
+
+While terminating a task group is not natively supported by the standard
+library, termination can be achieved by adding an exception-raising task
+to the task group and ignoring the raised exception:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   import asyncio
+   from asyncio import TaskGroup
+
+   class TerminateTaskGroup(Exception):
+       """Exception raised to terminate a task group."""
+
+   async def force_terminate_task_group():
+       """Used to force termination of a task group."""
+       raise TerminateTaskGroup()
+
+   async def job(task_id, sleep_time):
+       print(f'Task {task_id}: start')
+       await asyncio.sleep(sleep_time)
+       print(f'Task {task_id}: done')
+
+   async def main():
+       try:
+           async with TaskGroup() as group:
+               # spawn some tasks
+               group.create_task(job(1, 0.5))
+               group.create_task(job(2, 1.5))
+               # sleep for 1 second
+               await asyncio.sleep(1)
+               # add an exception-raising task to force the group to terminate
+               group.create_task(force_terminate_task_group())
+       except* TerminateTaskGroup:
+           pass
+
+   asyncio.run(main())
+
+Expected output:
+
+.. code-block:: text
+
+   Task 1: start
+   Task 2: start
+   Task 1: done
+
 Sleeping
 ========
 
@@ -1170,7 +1217,7 @@ Task Object
       a :exc:`CancelledError` exception.
 
       If the Task's result isn't yet available, this method raises
-      a :exc:`InvalidStateError` exception.
+      an :exc:`InvalidStateError` exception.
 
    .. method:: exception()
 
diff --git a/Doc/library/asyncio.rst b/Doc/library/asyncio.rst
index 184f981c1021aa..5f83b3a2658da4 100644
--- a/Doc/library/asyncio.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/asyncio.rst
@@ -56,9 +56,13 @@ Additionally, there are **low-level** APIs for
 * :ref:`bridge <asyncio-futures>` callback-based libraries and code
   with async/await syntax.
 
+.. include:: ../includes/wasm-notavail.rst
+
 .. _asyncio-cli:
 
-You can experiment with an ``asyncio`` concurrent context in the REPL:
+.. rubric:: asyncio REPL
+
+You can experiment with an ``asyncio`` concurrent context in the :term:`REPL`:
 
 .. code-block:: pycon
 
@@ -70,7 +74,14 @@ You can experiment with an ``asyncio`` concurrent context in the REPL:
    >>> await asyncio.sleep(10, result='hello')
    'hello'
 
-.. include:: ../includes/wasm-notavail.rst
+.. audit-event:: cpython.run_stdin "" ""
+
+.. versionchanged:: 3.12.5 (also 3.11.10, 3.10.15, 3.9.20, and 3.8.20)
+   Emits audit events.
+
+.. versionchanged:: 3.13
+   Uses PyREPL if possible, in which case :envvar:`PYTHONSTARTUP` is
+   also executed. Emits audit events.
 
 .. We use the "rubric" directive here to avoid creating
    the "Reference" subsection in the TOC.
diff --git a/Doc/library/builtins.rst b/Doc/library/builtins.rst
index 644344e7fef29a..c4979db52d2aed 100644
--- a/Doc/library/builtins.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/builtins.rst
@@ -7,10 +7,7 @@
 --------------
 
 This module provides direct access to all 'built-in' identifiers of Python; for
-example, ``builtins.open`` is the full name for the built-in function
-:func:`open`.  See :ref:`built-in-funcs` and :ref:`built-in-consts` for
-documentation.
-
+example, ``builtins.open`` is the full name for the built-in function :func:`open`.
 
 This module is not normally accessed explicitly by most applications, but can be
 useful in modules that provide objects with the same name as a built-in value,
@@ -40,3 +37,10 @@ available as part of their globals.  The value of ``__builtins__`` is normally
 either this module or the value of this module's :attr:`~object.__dict__` attribute.
 Since this is an implementation detail, it may not be used by alternate
 implementations of Python.
+
+.. seealso::
+
+   * :ref:`built-in-consts`
+   * :ref:`bltin-exceptions`
+   * :ref:`built-in-funcs`
+   * :ref:`bltin-types`
diff --git a/Doc/library/calendar.rst b/Doc/library/calendar.rst
index d5876054da3eee..eafc038d6cb722 100644
--- a/Doc/library/calendar.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/calendar.rst
@@ -393,13 +393,22 @@ The :mod:`calendar` module exports the following data attributes:
 
 .. data:: day_name
 
-   An array that represents the days of the week in the current locale.
+   A sequence that represents the days of the week in the current locale,
+   where Monday is day number 0.
+
+       >>> import calendar
+       >>> list(calendar.day_name)
+       ['Monday', 'Tuesday', 'Wednesday', 'Thursday', 'Friday', 'Saturday', 'Sunday']
 
 
 .. data:: day_abbr
 
-   An array that represents the abbreviated days of the week in the current locale.
+   A sequence that represents the abbreviated days of the week in the current locale,
+   where Mon is day number 0.
 
+       >>> import calendar
+       >>> list(calendar.day_abbr)
+       ['Mon', 'Tue', 'Wed', 'Thu', 'Fri', 'Sat', 'Sun']
 
 .. data:: MONDAY
           TUESDAY
@@ -426,17 +435,24 @@ The :mod:`calendar` module exports the following data attributes:
 
 .. data:: month_name
 
-   An array that represents the months of the year in the current locale.  This
+   A sequence that represents the months of the year in the current locale.  This
    follows normal convention of January being month number 1, so it has a length of
    13 and  ``month_name[0]`` is the empty string.
 
+       >>> import calendar
+       >>> list(calendar.month_name)
+       ['', 'January', 'February', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August', 'September', 'October', 'November', 'December']
+
 
 .. data:: month_abbr
 
-   An array that represents the abbreviated months of the year in the current
+   A sequence that represents the abbreviated months of the year in the current
    locale.  This follows normal convention of January being month number 1, so it
    has a length of 13 and  ``month_abbr[0]`` is the empty string.
 
+       >>> import calendar
+       >>> list(calendar.month_abbr)
+       ['', 'Jan', 'Feb', 'Mar', 'Apr', 'May', 'Jun', 'Jul', 'Aug', 'Sep', 'Oct', 'Nov', 'Dec']
 
 .. data:: JANUARY
           FEBRUARY
diff --git a/Doc/library/cmdline.rst b/Doc/library/cmdline.rst
index 5174515ffc23ed..78fe95a014ff7c 100644
--- a/Doc/library/cmdline.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/cmdline.rst
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ The following modules have a command-line interface.
 * :ref:`http.server <http-server-cli>`
 * :mod:`!idlelib`
 * :ref:`inspect <inspect-module-cli>`
-* :ref:`json.tool <json-commandline>`
+* :ref:`json <json-commandline>`
 * :mod:`mimetypes`
 * :mod:`pdb`
 * :mod:`pickle`
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ The following modules have a command-line interface.
 * :mod:`runpy`
 * :ref:`site <site-commandline>`
 * :ref:`sqlite3 <sqlite3-cli>`
+* :ref:`symtable <symtable-cli>`
 * :ref:`sysconfig <sysconfig-cli>`
 * :mod:`tabnanny`
 * :ref:`tarfile <tarfile-commandline>`
diff --git a/Doc/library/collections.abc.rst b/Doc/library/collections.abc.rst
index a63a55caa0f66d..b77a36393b2769 100644
--- a/Doc/library/collections.abc.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/collections.abc.rst
@@ -213,6 +213,9 @@ Collections Abstract Base Classes -- Detailed Descriptions
 
    ABC for classes that provide the :meth:`~object.__call__` method.
 
+   See :ref:`annotating-callables` for details on how to use
+   :class:`!Callable` in type annotations.
+
 .. class:: Iterable
 
    ABC for classes that provide the :meth:`~container.__iter__` method.
@@ -250,6 +253,9 @@ Collections Abstract Base Classes -- Detailed Descriptions
    :meth:`~generator.send`,
    :meth:`~generator.throw` and :meth:`~generator.close` methods.
 
+   See :ref:`annotating-generators-and-coroutines`
+   for details on using :class:`!Generator` in type annotations.
+
    .. versionadded:: 3.5
 
 .. class:: Sequence
@@ -321,6 +327,11 @@ Collections Abstract Base Classes -- Detailed Descriptions
       Using ``isinstance(gencoro, Coroutine)`` for them will return ``False``.
       Use :func:`inspect.isawaitable` to detect them.
 
+   See :ref:`annotating-generators-and-coroutines`
+   for details on using :class:`!Coroutine` in type annotations.
+   The variance and order of type parameters correspond to those of
+   :class:`Generator`.
+
    .. versionadded:: 3.5
 
 .. class:: AsyncIterable
@@ -342,6 +353,9 @@ Collections Abstract Base Classes -- Detailed Descriptions
    ABC for :term:`asynchronous generator` classes that implement the protocol
    defined in :pep:`525` and :pep:`492`.
 
+   See :ref:`annotating-generators-and-coroutines`
+   for details on using :class:`!AsyncGenerator` in type annotations.
+
    .. versionadded:: 3.6
 
 .. class:: Buffer
diff --git a/Doc/library/collections.rst b/Doc/library/collections.rst
index 2a269712f1814d..0cc9063f153aba 100644
--- a/Doc/library/collections.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/collections.rst
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ The class can be used to simulate nested scopes and is useful in templating.
         :func:`super` function.  A reference to ``d.parents`` is equivalent to:
         ``ChainMap(*d.maps[1:])``.
 
-    Note, the iteration order of a :class:`ChainMap()` is determined by
+    Note, the iteration order of a :class:`ChainMap` is determined by
     scanning the mappings last to first::
 
         >>> baseline = {'music': 'bach', 'art': 'rembrandt'}
@@ -874,8 +874,8 @@ they add the ability to access fields by name instead of position index.
     ``(1, 2)``, then ``x`` will be a required argument, ``y`` will default to
     ``1``, and ``z`` will default to ``2``.
 
-    If *module* is defined, the ``__module__`` attribute of the named tuple is
-    set to that value.
+    If *module* is defined, the :attr:`~type.__module__` attribute of the
+    named tuple is set to that value.
 
     Named tuple instances do not have per-instance dictionaries, so they are
     lightweight and require no more memory than regular tuples.
@@ -1169,8 +1169,11 @@ Some differences from :class:`dict` still remain:
 In addition to the usual mapping methods, ordered dictionaries also support
 reverse iteration using :func:`reversed`.
 
+.. _collections_OrderedDict__eq__:
+
 Equality tests between :class:`OrderedDict` objects are order-sensitive
-and are implemented as ``list(od1.items())==list(od2.items())``.
+and are roughly equivalent to ``list(od1.items())==list(od2.items())``.
+
 Equality tests between :class:`OrderedDict` objects and other
 :class:`~collections.abc.Mapping` objects are order-insensitive like regular
 dictionaries.  This allows :class:`OrderedDict` objects to be substituted
@@ -1186,7 +1189,7 @@ anywhere a regular dictionary is used.
    method.
 
 .. versionchanged:: 3.9
-    Added merge (``|``) and update (``|=``) operators, specified in :pep:`584`.
+   Added merge (``|``) and update (``|=``) operators, specified in :pep:`584`.
 
 
 :class:`OrderedDict` Examples and Recipes
diff --git a/Doc/library/colorsys.rst b/Doc/library/colorsys.rst
index 125d62b174088a..ffebf4e40dd609 100644
--- a/Doc/library/colorsys.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/colorsys.rst
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ The :mod:`colorsys` module defines bidirectional conversions of color values
 between colors expressed in the RGB (Red Green Blue) color space used in
 computer monitors and three other coordinate systems: YIQ, HLS (Hue Lightness
 Saturation) and HSV (Hue Saturation Value).  Coordinates in all of these color
-spaces are floating point values.  In the YIQ space, the Y coordinate is between
+spaces are floating-point values.  In the YIQ space, the Y coordinate is between
 0 and 1, but the I and Q coordinates can be positive or negative.  In all other
 spaces, the coordinates are all between 0 and 1.
 
diff --git a/Doc/library/compileall.rst b/Doc/library/compileall.rst
index d9c0cb67a92aa7..c42288419c4d2d 100644
--- a/Doc/library/compileall.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/compileall.rst
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ compile Python sources.
 .. option:: -j N
 
    Use *N* workers to compile the files within the given directory.
-   If ``0`` is used, then the result of :func:`os.process_cpu_count()`
+   If ``0`` is used, then the result of :func:`os.process_cpu_count`
    will be used.
 
 .. option:: --invalidation-mode [timestamp|checked-hash|unchecked-hash]
diff --git a/Doc/library/concurrent.futures.rst b/Doc/library/concurrent.futures.rst
index e3b24451188cc4..48e027152a9851 100644
--- a/Doc/library/concurrent.futures.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/concurrent.futures.rst
@@ -15,9 +15,10 @@ The :mod:`concurrent.futures` module provides a high-level interface for
 asynchronously executing callables.
 
 The asynchronous execution can be performed with threads, using
-:class:`ThreadPoolExecutor`, or separate processes, using
-:class:`ProcessPoolExecutor`.  Both implement the same interface, which is
-defined by the abstract :class:`Executor` class.
+:class:`ThreadPoolExecutor` or :class:`InterpreterPoolExecutor`,
+or separate processes, using :class:`ProcessPoolExecutor`.
+Each implements the same interface, which is defined
+by the abstract :class:`Executor` class.
 
 .. include:: ../includes/wasm-notavail.rst
 
@@ -63,7 +64,8 @@ Executor Objects
       setting *chunksize* to a positive integer.  For very long iterables,
       using a large value for *chunksize* can significantly improve
       performance compared to the default size of 1.  With
-      :class:`ThreadPoolExecutor`, *chunksize* has no effect.
+      :class:`ThreadPoolExecutor` and :class:`InterpreterPoolExecutor`,
+      *chunksize* has no effect.
 
       .. versionchanged:: 3.5
          Added the *chunksize* argument.
@@ -206,7 +208,7 @@ ThreadPoolExecutor Example
            'http://www.cnn.com/',
            'http://europe.wsj.com/',
            'http://www.bbc.co.uk/',
-           'http://nonexistant-subdomain.python.org/']
+           'http://nonexistent-subdomain.python.org/']
 
    # Retrieve a single page and report the URL and contents
    def load_url(url, timeout):
@@ -227,6 +229,111 @@ ThreadPoolExecutor Example
                print('%r page is %d bytes' % (url, len(data)))
 
 
+InterpreterPoolExecutor
+-----------------------
+
+The :class:`InterpreterPoolExecutor` class uses a pool of interpreters
+to execute calls asynchronously.  It is a :class:`ThreadPoolExecutor`
+subclass, which means each worker is running in its own thread.
+The difference here is that each worker has its own interpreter,
+and runs each task using that interpreter.
+
+The biggest benefit to using interpreters instead of only threads
+is true multi-core parallelism.  Each interpreter has its own
+:term:`Global Interpreter Lock <global interpreter lock>`, so code
+running in one interpreter can run on one CPU core, while code in
+another interpreter runs unblocked on a different core.
+
+The tradeoff is that writing concurrent code for use with multiple
+interpreters can take extra effort.  However, this is because it
+forces you to be deliberate about how and when interpreters interact,
+and to be explicit about what data is shared between interpreters.
+This results in several benefits that help balance the extra effort,
+including true multi-core parallelism,  For example, code written
+this way can make it easier to reason about concurrency.  Another
+major benefit is that you don't have to deal with several of the
+big pain points of using threads, like nrace conditions.
+
+Each worker's interpreter is isolated from all the other interpreters.
+"Isolated" means each interpreter has its own runtime state and
+operates completely independently.  For example, if you redirect
+:data:`sys.stdout` in one interpreter, it will not be automatically
+redirected any other interpreter.  If you import a module in one
+interpreter, it is not automatically imported in any other.  You
+would need to import the module separately in interpreter where
+you need it.  In fact, each module imported in an interpreter is
+a completely separate object from the same module in a different
+interpreter, including :mod:`sys`, :mod:`builtins`,
+and even ``__main__``.
+
+Isolation means a mutable object, or other data, cannot be used
+by more than one interpreter at the same time.  That effectively means
+interpreters cannot actually share such objects or data.  Instead,
+each interpreter must have its own copy, and you will have to
+synchronize any changes between the copies manually.  Immutable
+objects and data, like the builtin singletons, strings, and tuples
+of immutable objects, don't have these limitations.
+
+Communicating and synchronizing between interpreters is most effectively
+done using dedicated tools, like those proposed in :pep:`734`.  One less
+efficient alternative is to serialize with :mod:`pickle` and then send
+the bytes over a shared :mod:`socket <socket>` or
+:func:`pipe <os.pipe>`.
+
+.. class:: InterpreterPoolExecutor(max_workers=None, thread_name_prefix='', initializer=None, initargs=(), shared=None)
+
+   A :class:`ThreadPoolExecutor` subclass that executes calls asynchronously
+   using a pool of at most *max_workers* threads.  Each thread runs
+   tasks in its own interpreter.  The worker interpreters are isolated
+   from each other, which means each has its own runtime state and that
+   they can't share any mutable objects or other data.  Each interpreter
+   has its own :term:`Global Interpreter Lock <global interpreter lock>`,
+   which means code run with this executor has true multi-core parallelism.
+
+   The optional *initializer* and *initargs* arguments have the same
+   meaning as for :class:`!ThreadPoolExecutor`: the initializer is run
+   when each worker is created, though in this case it is run.in
+   the worker's interpreter.  The executor serializes the *initializer*
+   and *initargs* using :mod:`pickle` when sending them to the worker's
+   interpreter.
+
+   .. note::
+      Functions defined in the ``__main__`` module cannot be pickled
+      and thus cannot be used.
+
+   .. note::
+      The executor may replace uncaught exceptions from *initializer*
+      with :class:`~concurrent.futures.interpreter.ExecutionFailed`.
+
+   The optional *shared* argument is a :class:`dict` of objects that all
+   interpreters in the pool share.  The *shared* items are added to each
+   interpreter's ``__main__`` module.  Not all objects are shareable.
+   Shareable objects include the builtin singletons, :class:`str`
+   and :class:`bytes`, and :class:`memoryview`.  See :pep:`734`
+   for more info.
+
+   Other caveats from parent :class:`ThreadPoolExecutor` apply here.
+
+:meth:`~Executor.submit` and :meth:`~Executor.map` work like normal,
+except the worker serializes the callable and arguments using
+:mod:`pickle` when sending them to its interpreter.  The worker
+likewise serializes the return value when sending it back.
+
+.. note::
+   Functions defined in the ``__main__`` module cannot be pickled
+   and thus cannot be used.
+
+When a worker's current task raises an uncaught exception, the worker
+always tries to preserve the exception as-is.  If that is successful
+then it also sets the ``__cause__`` to a corresponding
+:class:`~concurrent.futures.interpreter.ExecutionFailed`
+instance, which contains a summary of the original exception.
+In the uncommon case that the worker is not able to preserve the
+original as-is then it directly preserves the corresponding
+:class:`~concurrent.futures.interpreter.ExecutionFailed`
+instance instead.
+
+
 ProcessPoolExecutor
 -------------------
 
@@ -286,14 +393,6 @@ to a :class:`ProcessPoolExecutor` will result in deadlock.
 
       Added the *initializer* and *initargs* arguments.
 
-      .. note::
-         The default :mod:`multiprocessing` start method
-         (see :ref:`multiprocessing-start-methods`) will change away from
-         *fork* in Python 3.14.  Code that requires *fork* be used for their
-         :class:`ProcessPoolExecutor` should explicitly specify that by
-         passing a ``mp_context=multiprocessing.get_context("fork")``
-         parameter.
-
    .. versionchanged:: 3.11
       The *max_tasks_per_child* argument was added to allow users to
       control the lifetime of workers in the pool.
@@ -310,6 +409,12 @@ to a :class:`ProcessPoolExecutor` will result in deadlock.
       *max_workers* uses :func:`os.process_cpu_count` by default, instead of
       :func:`os.cpu_count`.
 
+   .. versionchanged:: 3.14
+      The default process start method (see
+      :ref:`multiprocessing-start-methods`) changed away from *fork*. If you
+      require the *fork* start method for :class:`ProcessPoolExecutor` you must
+      explicitly pass ``mp_context=multiprocessing.get_context("fork")``.
+
 .. _processpoolexecutor-example:
 
 ProcessPoolExecutor Example
@@ -576,6 +681,26 @@ Exception classes
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.7
 
+.. currentmodule:: concurrent.futures.interpreter
+
+.. exception:: BrokenInterpreterPool
+
+   Derived from :exc:`~concurrent.futures.thread.BrokenThreadPool`,
+   this exception class is raised when one of the workers
+   of a :class:`~concurrent.futures.InterpreterPoolExecutor`
+   has failed initializing.
+
+   .. versionadded:: next
+
+.. exception:: ExecutionFailed
+
+   Raised from :class:`~concurrent.futures.InterpreterPoolExecutor` when
+   the given initializer fails or from
+   :meth:`~concurrent.futures.Executor.submit` when there's an uncaught
+   exception from the submitted task.
+
+   .. versionadded:: next
+
 .. currentmodule:: concurrent.futures.process
 
 .. exception:: BrokenProcessPool
diff --git a/Doc/library/configparser.rst b/Doc/library/configparser.rst
index e84fb513e45267..3aad6f7b5d2d20 100644
--- a/Doc/library/configparser.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/configparser.rst
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ can be customized by end users easily.
 
    import os
    os.remove("example.ini")
+   os.remove("override.ini")
 
 
 Quick Start
@@ -147,23 +148,28 @@ case-insensitive and stored in lowercase [1]_.
 It is possible to read several configurations into a single
 :class:`ConfigParser`, where the most recently added configuration has the
 highest priority. Any conflicting keys are taken from the more recent
-configuration while the previously existing keys are retained.
+configuration while the previously existing keys are retained. The example
+below reads in an ``override.ini`` file, which will override any conflicting
+keys from the ``example.ini`` file.
+
+.. code-block:: ini
+
+   [DEFAULT]
+   ServerAliveInterval = -1
 
 .. doctest::
 
-   >>> another_config = configparser.ConfigParser()
-   >>> another_config.read('example.ini')
-   ['example.ini']
-   >>> another_config['topsecret.server.example']['Port']
-   '50022'
-   >>> another_config.read_string("[topsecret.server.example]\nPort=48484")
-   >>> another_config['topsecret.server.example']['Port']
-   '48484'
-   >>> another_config.read_dict({"topsecret.server.example": {"Port": 21212}})
-   >>> another_config['topsecret.server.example']['Port']
-   '21212'
-   >>> another_config['topsecret.server.example']['ForwardX11']
-   'no'
+   >>> config_override = configparser.ConfigParser()
+   >>> config_override['DEFAULT'] = {'ServerAliveInterval': '-1'}
+   >>> with open('override.ini', 'w') as configfile:
+   ...     config_override.write(configfile)
+   ...
+   >>> config_override = configparser.ConfigParser()
+   >>> config_override.read(['example.ini', 'override.ini'])
+   ['example.ini', 'override.ini']
+   >>> print(config_override.get('DEFAULT', 'ServerAliveInterval'))
+   -1
+
 
 This behaviour is equivalent to a :meth:`ConfigParser.read` call with several
 files passed to the *filenames* parameter.
@@ -981,9 +987,34 @@ ConfigParser Objects
    When *converters* is given, it should be a dictionary where each key
    represents the name of a type converter and each value is a callable
    implementing the conversion from string to the desired datatype.  Every
-   converter gets its own corresponding :meth:`!get*()` method on the parser
+   converter gets its own corresponding :meth:`!get*` method on the parser
    object and section proxies.
 
+   It is possible to read several configurations into a single
+   :class:`ConfigParser`, where the most recently added configuration has the
+   highest priority. Any conflicting keys are taken from the more recent
+   configuration while the previously existing keys are retained. The example
+   below reads in an ``override.ini`` file, which will override any conflicting
+   keys from the ``example.ini`` file.
+
+   .. code-block:: ini
+
+      [DEFAULT]
+      ServerAliveInterval = -1
+
+   .. doctest::
+
+      >>> config_override = configparser.ConfigParser()
+      >>> config_override['DEFAULT'] = {'ServerAliveInterval': '-1'}
+      >>> with open('override.ini', 'w') as configfile:
+      ...     config_override.write(configfile)
+      ...
+      >>> config_override = configparser.ConfigParser()
+      >>> config_override.read(['example.ini', 'override.ini'])
+      ['example.ini', 'override.ini']
+      >>> print(config_override.get('DEFAULT', 'ServerAliveInterval'))
+      -1
+
    .. versionchanged:: 3.1
       The default *dict_type* is :class:`collections.OrderedDict`.
 
@@ -996,7 +1027,7 @@ ConfigParser Objects
       The *converters* argument was added.
 
    .. versionchanged:: 3.7
-      The *defaults* argument is read with :meth:`read_dict()`,
+      The *defaults* argument is read with :meth:`read_dict`,
       providing consistent behavior across the parser: non-string
       keys and values are implicitly converted to strings.
 
@@ -1153,7 +1184,7 @@ ConfigParser Objects
    .. method:: getfloat(section, option, *, raw=False, vars=None[, fallback])
 
       A convenience method which coerces the *option* in the specified *section*
-      to a floating point number.  See :meth:`get` for explanation of *raw*,
+      to a floating-point number.  See :meth:`get` for explanation of *raw*,
       *vars* and *fallback*.
 
 
@@ -1284,13 +1315,19 @@ RawConfigParser Objects
 
    .. method:: add_section(section)
 
-      Add a section named *section* to the instance.  If a section by the given
-      name already exists, :exc:`DuplicateSectionError` is raised.  If the
-      *default section* name is passed, :exc:`ValueError` is raised.
+      Add a section named *section* or :const:`UNNAMED_SECTION` to the instance.
+
+      If the given section already exists, :exc:`DuplicateSectionError` is
+      raised. If the *default section* name is passed, :exc:`ValueError` is
+      raised. If :const:`UNNAMED_SECTION` is passed and support is disabled,
+      :exc:`UnnamedSectionDisabledError` is raised.
 
       Type of *section* is not checked which lets users create non-string named
       sections.  This behaviour is unsupported and may cause internal errors.
 
+   .. versionchanged:: 3.14
+      Added support for :const:`UNNAMED_SECTION`.
+
 
    .. method:: set(section, option, value)
 
@@ -1375,7 +1412,6 @@ Exceptions
    Exception raised when attempting to parse a file which has no section
    headers.
 
-
 .. exception:: ParsingError
 
    Exception raised when errors occur attempting to parse a file.
@@ -1391,6 +1427,13 @@ Exceptions
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.13
 
+.. exception:: UnnamedSectionDisabledError
+
+   Exception raised when attempting to use the
+   :const:`UNNAMED_SECTION` without enabling it.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 3.14
+
 .. rubric:: Footnotes
 
 .. [1] Config parsers allow for heavy customization.  If you are interested in
diff --git a/Doc/library/constants.rst b/Doc/library/constants.rst
index 6c1063cda6690e..04bb8c51a3b197 100644
--- a/Doc/library/constants.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/constants.rst
@@ -82,6 +82,8 @@ A small number of constants live in the built-in namespace.  They are:
    :exc:`SyntaxError`), so they can be considered "true" constants.
 
 
+.. _site-consts:
+
 Constants added by the :mod:`site` module
 -----------------------------------------
 
@@ -97,6 +99,13 @@ should not be used in programs.
    (i.e. EOF) to exit", and when called, raise :exc:`SystemExit` with the
    specified exit code.
 
+.. data:: help
+   :noindex:
+
+   Object that when printed, prints the message "Type help() for interactive
+   help, or help(object) for help about object.", and when called,
+   acts as described :func:`elsewhere <help>`.
+
 .. data:: copyright
           credits
 
diff --git a/Doc/library/contextlib.rst b/Doc/library/contextlib.rst
index 27cf99446e5980..f5b349441bcfee 100644
--- a/Doc/library/contextlib.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/contextlib.rst
@@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ Functions and classes provided:
 
    .. versionchanged:: 3.12
       ``suppress`` now supports suppressing exceptions raised as
-      part of an :exc:`BaseExceptionGroup`.
+      part of a :exc:`BaseExceptionGroup`.
 
 .. function:: redirect_stdout(new_target)
 
diff --git a/Doc/library/contextvars.rst b/Doc/library/contextvars.rst
index 8ae386b489fb4e..2b1fb9fdd29cd8 100644
--- a/Doc/library/contextvars.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/contextvars.rst
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ function and the :class:`~contextvars.Context` class should be used to
 manage the current context in asynchronous frameworks.
 
 Context managers that have state should use Context Variables
-instead of :func:`threading.local()` to prevent their state from
+instead of :func:`threading.local` to prevent their state from
 bleeding to other code unexpectedly, when used in concurrent code.
 
 See also :pep:`567` for additional details.
@@ -144,51 +144,89 @@ Manual Context Management
    To get a copy of the current context use the
    :func:`~contextvars.copy_context` function.
 
-   Every thread will have a different top-level :class:`~contextvars.Context`
-   object. This means that a :class:`ContextVar` object behaves in a similar
-   fashion to :func:`threading.local()` when values are assigned in different
-   threads.
+   Each thread has its own effective stack of :class:`!Context` objects.  The
+   :term:`current context` is the :class:`!Context` object at the top of the
+   current thread's stack.  All :class:`!Context` objects in the stacks are
+   considered to be *entered*.
+
+   *Entering* a context, which can be done by calling its :meth:`~Context.run`
+   method, makes the context the current context by pushing it onto the top of
+   the current thread's context stack.
+
+   *Exiting* from the current context, which can be done by returning from the
+   callback passed to the :meth:`~Context.run` method, restores the current
+   context to what it was before the context was entered by popping the context
+   off the top of the context stack.
+
+   Since each thread has its own context stack, :class:`ContextVar` objects
+   behave in a similar fashion to :func:`threading.local` when values are
+   assigned in different threads.
+
+   Attempting to enter an already entered context, including contexts entered in
+   other threads, raises a :exc:`RuntimeError`.
+
+   After exiting a context, it can later be re-entered (from any thread).
+
+   Any changes to :class:`ContextVar` values via the :meth:`ContextVar.set`
+   method are recorded in the current context.  The :meth:`ContextVar.get`
+   method returns the value associated with the current context.  Exiting a
+   context effectively reverts any changes made to context variables while the
+   context was entered (if needed, the values can be restored by re-entering the
+   context).
 
    Context implements the :class:`collections.abc.Mapping` interface.
 
    .. method:: run(callable, *args, **kwargs)
 
-      Execute ``callable(*args, **kwargs)`` code in the context object
-      the *run* method is called on.  Return the result of the execution
-      or propagate an exception if one occurred.
+      Enters the Context, executes ``callable(*args, **kwargs)``, then exits the
+      Context.  Returns *callable*'s return value, or propagates an exception if
+      one occurred.
+
+      Example:
+
+      .. testcode::
+
+         import contextvars
 
-      Any changes to any context variables that *callable* makes will
-      be contained in the context object::
+         var = contextvars.ContextVar('var')
+         var.set('spam')
+         print(var.get())  # 'spam'
 
-        var = ContextVar('var')
-        var.set('spam')
+         ctx = contextvars.copy_context()
 
-        def main():
-            # 'var' was set to 'spam' before
-            # calling 'copy_context()' and 'ctx.run(main)', so:
-            # var.get() == ctx[var] == 'spam'
+         def main():
+             # 'var' was set to 'spam' before
+             # calling 'copy_context()' and 'ctx.run(main)', so:
+             print(var.get())  # 'spam'
+             print(ctx[var])  # 'spam'
 
-            var.set('ham')
+             var.set('ham')
 
-            # Now, after setting 'var' to 'ham':
-            # var.get() == ctx[var] == 'ham'
+             # Now, after setting 'var' to 'ham':
+             print(var.get())  # 'ham'
+             print(ctx[var])  # 'ham'
 
-        ctx = copy_context()
+         # Any changes that the 'main' function makes to 'var'
+         # will be contained in 'ctx'.
+         ctx.run(main)
 
-        # Any changes that the 'main' function makes to 'var'
-        # will be contained in 'ctx'.
-        ctx.run(main)
+         # The 'main()' function was run in the 'ctx' context,
+         # so changes to 'var' are contained in it:
+         print(ctx[var])  # 'ham'
 
-        # The 'main()' function was run in the 'ctx' context,
-        # so changes to 'var' are contained in it:
-        # ctx[var] == 'ham'
+         # However, outside of 'ctx', 'var' is still set to 'spam':
+         print(var.get())  # 'spam'
 
-        # However, outside of 'ctx', 'var' is still set to 'spam':
-        # var.get() == 'spam'
+      .. testoutput::
+         :hide:
 
-      The method raises a :exc:`RuntimeError` when called on the same
-      context object from more than one OS thread, or when called
-      recursively.
+         spam
+         spam
+         spam
+         ham
+         ham
+         ham
+         spam
 
    .. method:: copy()
 
@@ -254,7 +292,7 @@ client::
         # without passing it explicitly to this function.
 
         client_addr = client_addr_var.get()
-        return f'Good bye, client @ {client_addr}\n'.encode()
+        return f'Good bye, client @ {client_addr}\r\n'.encode()
 
     async def handle_request(reader, writer):
         addr = writer.transport.get_extra_info('socket').getpeername()
@@ -268,9 +306,10 @@ client::
             print(line)
             if not line.strip():
                 break
-            writer.write(line)
 
-        writer.write(render_goodbye())
+        writer.write(b'HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n')  # status line
+        writer.write(b'\r\n')  # headers
+        writer.write(render_goodbye())  # body
         writer.close()
 
     async def main():
@@ -282,5 +321,6 @@ client::
 
     asyncio.run(main())
 
-    # To test it you can use telnet:
+    # To test it you can use telnet or curl:
     #     telnet 127.0.0.1 8081
+    #     curl 127.0.0.1:8081
diff --git a/Doc/library/ctypes.rst b/Doc/library/ctypes.rst
index 29b35af1c858ee..99909de20ef439 100644
--- a/Doc/library/ctypes.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/ctypes.rst
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ function call fails.
 
 
 Here are some examples for Windows. Note that ``msvcrt`` is the MS standard C
-library containing most standard C functions, and uses the cdecl calling
+library containing most standard C functions, and uses the ``cdecl`` calling
 convention::
 
    >>> from ctypes import *
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ Functions are accessed as attributes of dll objects::
 
 Note that win32 system dlls like ``kernel32`` and ``user32`` often export ANSI
 as well as UNICODE versions of a function. The UNICODE version is exported with
-an ``W`` appended to the name, while the ANSI version is exported with an ``A``
+a ``W`` appended to the name, while the ANSI version is exported with an ``A``
 appended to the name. The win32 ``GetModuleHandle`` function, which returns a
 *module handle* for a given module name, has the following C prototype, and a
 macro is used to expose one of them as ``GetModuleHandle`` depending on whether
@@ -266,6 +266,20 @@ Fundamental data types
 (1)
    The constructor accepts any object with a truth value.
 
+Additionally, if IEC 60559 compatible complex arithmetic (Annex G) is supported, the following
+complex types are available:
+
++----------------------------------+---------------------------------+-----------------+
+| ctypes type                      | C type                          | Python type     |
++==================================+=================================+=================+
+| :class:`c_float_complex`         | :c:expr:`float complex`         | complex         |
++----------------------------------+---------------------------------+-----------------+
+| :class:`c_double_complex`        | :c:expr:`double complex`        | complex         |
++----------------------------------+---------------------------------+-----------------+
+| :class:`c_longdouble_complex`    | :c:expr:`long double complex`   | complex         |
++----------------------------------+---------------------------------+-----------------+
+
+
 All these types can be created by calling them with an optional initializer of
 the correct type and value::
 
@@ -383,7 +397,7 @@ as calling functions with a fixed number of parameters. On some platforms, and i
 particular ARM64 for Apple Platforms, the calling convention for variadic functions
 is different than that for regular functions.
 
-On those platforms it is required to specify the :attr:`~_FuncPtr.argtypes`
+On those platforms it is required to specify the :attr:`~_CFuncPtr.argtypes`
 attribute for the regular, non-variadic, function arguments:
 
 .. code-block:: python3
@@ -391,7 +405,7 @@ attribute for the regular, non-variadic, function arguments:
    libc.printf.argtypes = [ctypes.c_char_p]
 
 Because specifying the attribute does not inhibit portability it is advised to always
-specify :attr:`~_FuncPtr.argtypes` for all variadic functions.
+specify :attr:`~_CFuncPtr.argtypes` for all variadic functions.
 
 
 .. _ctypes-calling-functions-with-own-custom-data-types:
@@ -426,9 +440,9 @@ Specifying the required argument types (function prototypes)
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
 It is possible to specify the required argument types of functions exported from
-DLLs by setting the :attr:`~_FuncPtr.argtypes` attribute.
+DLLs by setting the :attr:`~_CFuncPtr.argtypes` attribute.
 
-:attr:`~_FuncPtr.argtypes` must be a sequence of C data types (the :func:`!printf` function is
+:attr:`~_CFuncPtr.argtypes` must be a sequence of C data types (the :func:`!printf` function is
 probably not a good example here, because it takes a variable number and
 different types of parameters depending on the format string, on the other hand
 this is quite handy to experiment with this feature)::
@@ -453,7 +467,7 @@ prototype for a C function), and tries to convert the arguments to valid types::
 
 If you have defined your own classes which you pass to function calls, you have
 to implement a :meth:`~_CData.from_param` class method for them to be able to use them
-in the :attr:`~_FuncPtr.argtypes` sequence. The :meth:`~_CData.from_param` class method receives
+in the :attr:`~_CFuncPtr.argtypes` sequence. The :meth:`~_CData.from_param` class method receives
 the Python object passed to the function call, it should do a typecheck or
 whatever is needed to make sure this object is acceptable, and then return the
 object itself, its :attr:`!_as_parameter_` attribute, or whatever you want to
@@ -476,7 +490,7 @@ Return types
 
 
 By default functions are assumed to return the C :c:expr:`int` type.  Other
-return types can be specified by setting the :attr:`~_FuncPtr.restype` attribute of the
+return types can be specified by setting the :attr:`~_CFuncPtr.restype` attribute of the
 function object.
 
 The C prototype of :c:func:`time` is ``time_t time(time_t *)``. Because :c:type:`time_t`
@@ -485,7 +499,7 @@ specify the :attr:`!restype` attribute::
 
    >>> libc.time.restype = c_time_t
 
-The argument types can be specified using :attr:`~_FuncPtr.argtypes`::
+The argument types can be specified using :attr:`~_CFuncPtr.argtypes`::
 
    >>> libc.time.argtypes = (POINTER(c_time_t),)
 
@@ -508,7 +522,7 @@ a string pointer and a char, and returns a pointer to a string::
    >>>
 
 If you want to avoid the :func:`ord("x") <ord>` calls above, you can set the
-:attr:`~_FuncPtr.argtypes` attribute, and the second argument will be converted from a
+:attr:`~_CFuncPtr.argtypes` attribute, and the second argument will be converted from a
 single character Python bytes object into a C char:
 
 .. doctest::
@@ -527,7 +541,7 @@ single character Python bytes object into a C char:
    >>>
 
 You can also use a callable Python object (a function or a class for example) as
-the :attr:`~_FuncPtr.restype` attribute, if the foreign function returns an integer.  The
+the :attr:`~_CFuncPtr.restype` attribute, if the foreign function returns an integer.  The
 callable will be called with the *integer* the C function returns, and the
 result of this call will be used as the result of your function call. This is
 useful to check for error return values and automatically raise an exception::
@@ -555,7 +569,7 @@ get the string representation of an error code, and *returns* an exception.
 :func:`GetLastError` to retrieve it.
 
 Please note that a much more powerful error checking mechanism is available
-through the :attr:`~_FuncPtr.errcheck` attribute;
+through the :attr:`~_CFuncPtr.errcheck` attribute;
 see the reference manual for details.
 
 
@@ -863,7 +877,7 @@ Type conversions
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
 Usually, ctypes does strict type checking.  This means, if you have
-``POINTER(c_int)`` in the :attr:`~_FuncPtr.argtypes` list of a function or as the type of
+``POINTER(c_int)`` in the :attr:`~_CFuncPtr.argtypes` list of a function or as the type of
 a member field in a structure definition, only instances of exactly the same
 type are accepted.  There are some exceptions to this rule, where ctypes accepts
 other objects.  For example, you can pass compatible array instances instead of
@@ -884,7 +898,7 @@ pointer types.  So, for ``POINTER(c_int)``, ctypes accepts an array of c_int::
    >>>
 
 In addition, if a function argument is explicitly declared to be a pointer type
-(such as ``POINTER(c_int)``) in :attr:`~_FuncPtr.argtypes`, an object of the pointed
+(such as ``POINTER(c_int)``) in :attr:`~_CFuncPtr.argtypes`, an object of the pointed
 type (``c_int`` in this case) can be passed to the function.  ctypes will apply
 the required :func:`byref` conversion in this case automatically.
 
@@ -1613,10 +1627,20 @@ As explained in the previous section, foreign functions can be accessed as
 attributes of loaded shared libraries.  The function objects created in this way
 by default accept any number of arguments, accept any ctypes data instances as
 arguments, and return the default result type specified by the library loader.
-They are instances of a private class:
 
+They are instances of a private local class :class:`!_FuncPtr` (not exposed
+in :mod:`!ctypes`) which inherits from the private :class:`_CFuncPtr` class:
 
-.. class:: _FuncPtr
+.. doctest::
+
+   >>> import ctypes
+   >>> lib = ctypes.CDLL(None)
+   >>> issubclass(lib._FuncPtr, ctypes._CFuncPtr)
+   True
+   >>> lib._FuncPtr is ctypes._CFuncPtr
+   False
+
+.. class:: _CFuncPtr
 
    Base class for C callable foreign functions.
 
@@ -1782,7 +1806,7 @@ different ways, depending on the type and number of the parameters in the call:
 The optional *paramflags* parameter creates foreign function wrappers with much
 more functionality than the features described above.
 
-*paramflags* must be a tuple of the same length as :attr:`~_FuncPtr.argtypes`.
+*paramflags* must be a tuple of the same length as :attr:`~_CFuncPtr.argtypes`.
 
 Each item in this tuple contains further information about a parameter, it must
 be a tuple containing one, two, or three items.
@@ -1853,7 +1877,7 @@ value if there is a single one, or a tuple containing the output parameter
 values when there are more than one, so the GetWindowRect function now returns a
 RECT instance, when called.
 
-Output parameters can be combined with the :attr:`~_FuncPtr.errcheck` protocol to do
+Output parameters can be combined with the :attr:`~_CFuncPtr.errcheck` protocol to do
 further output processing and error checking.  The win32 ``GetWindowRect`` api
 function returns a ``BOOL`` to signal success or failure, so this function could
 do the error checking, and raises an exception when the api call failed::
@@ -1866,7 +1890,7 @@ do the error checking, and raises an exception when the api call failed::
    >>> GetWindowRect.errcheck = errcheck
    >>>
 
-If the :attr:`~_FuncPtr.errcheck` function returns the argument tuple it receives
+If the :attr:`~_CFuncPtr.errcheck` function returns the argument tuple it receives
 unchanged, :mod:`ctypes` continues the normal processing it does on the output
 parameters.  If you want to return a tuple of window coordinates instead of a
 ``RECT`` instance, you can retrieve the fields in the function and return them
@@ -2166,7 +2190,7 @@ Data types
 
       This method adapts *obj* to a ctypes type.  It is called with the actual
       object used in a foreign function call when the type is present in the
-      foreign function's :attr:`~_FuncPtr.argtypes` tuple;
+      foreign function's :attr:`~_CFuncPtr.argtypes` tuple;
       it must return an object that can be used as a function call parameter.
 
       All ctypes data types have a default implementation of this classmethod
@@ -2232,7 +2256,7 @@ Fundamental data types
 Fundamental data types, when returned as foreign function call results, or, for
 example, by retrieving structure field members or array items, are transparently
 converted to native Python types.  In other words, if a foreign function has a
-:attr:`~_FuncPtr.restype` of :class:`c_char_p`, you will always receive a Python bytes
+:attr:`~_CFuncPtr.restype` of :class:`c_char_p`, you will always receive a Python bytes
 object, *not* a :class:`c_char_p` instance.
 
 .. XXX above is false, it actually returns a Unicode string
@@ -2284,6 +2308,30 @@ These are the fundamental ctypes data types:
    optional float initializer.
 
 
+.. class:: c_double_complex
+
+   Represents the C :c:expr:`double complex` datatype, if available.  The
+   constructor accepts an optional :class:`complex` initializer.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.14
+
+
+.. class:: c_float_complex
+
+   Represents the C :c:expr:`float complex` datatype, if available.  The
+   constructor accepts an optional :class:`complex` initializer.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.14
+
+
+.. class:: c_longdouble_complex
+
+   Represents the C :c:expr:`long double complex` datatype, if available.  The
+   constructor accepts an optional :class:`complex` initializer.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.14
+
+
 .. class:: c_int
 
    Represents the C :c:expr:`signed int` datatype.  The constructor accepts an
@@ -2461,6 +2509,8 @@ Structured data types
 
    Abstract base class for unions in native byte order.
 
+   Unions share common attributes and behavior with structures;
+   see :class:`Structure` documentation for details.
 
 .. class:: BigEndianUnion(*args, **kw)
 
@@ -2520,14 +2570,19 @@ fields, or any other data types containing pointer type fields.
                           ...
                          ]
 
-      The :attr:`_fields_` class variable must, however, be defined before the
-      type is first used (an instance is created, :func:`sizeof` is called on it,
-      and so on).  Later assignments to the :attr:`_fields_` class variable will
-      raise an AttributeError.
+      The :attr:`!_fields_` class variable can only be set once.
+      Later assignments will raise an :exc:`AttributeError`.
+
+      Additionally, the :attr:`!_fields_` class variable must be defined before
+      the structure or union type is first used: an instance or subclass is
+      created, :func:`sizeof` is called on it, and so on.
+      Later assignments to :attr:`!_fields_` will raise an :exc:`AttributeError`.
+      If :attr:`!_fields_` has not been set before such use,
+      the structure or union will have no own fields, as if :attr:`!_fields_`
+      was empty.
 
-      It is possible to define sub-subclasses of structure types, they inherit
-      the fields of the base class plus the :attr:`_fields_` defined in the
-      sub-subclass, if any.
+      Sub-subclasses of structure types inherit the fields of the base class
+      plus the :attr:`_fields_` defined in the sub-subclass, if any.
 
 
    .. attribute:: _pack_
@@ -2544,6 +2599,8 @@ fields, or any other data types containing pointer type fields.
       the structure when being packed or unpacked to/from memory.
       Setting this attribute to 0 is the same as not setting it at all.
 
+      .. versionadded:: 3.13
+
    .. attribute:: _layout_
 
       An optional string naming the struct/union layout. It can currently
@@ -2650,6 +2707,15 @@ Arrays and pointers
    Array subclass constructors accept positional arguments, used to
    initialize the elements in order.
 
+.. function:: ARRAY(type, length)
+
+   Create an array.
+   Equivalent to ``type * length``, where *type* is a
+   :mod:`ctypes` data type and *length* an integer.
+
+   This function is :term:`soft deprecated` in favor of multiplication.
+   There are no plans to remove it.
+
 
 .. class:: _Pointer
 
diff --git a/Doc/library/curses.rst b/Doc/library/curses.rst
index 91ea6150fb15ba..6c7fc721a3e0fb 100644
--- a/Doc/library/curses.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/curses.rst
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ for Windows, DOS, and possibly other systems as well.  This extension module is
 designed to match the API of ncurses, an open-source curses library hosted on
 Linux and the BSD variants of Unix.
 
-.. include:: ../includes/wasm-ios-notavail.rst
+.. include:: ../includes/wasm-mobile-notavail.rst
 
 .. note::
 
diff --git a/Doc/library/dataclasses.rst b/Doc/library/dataclasses.rst
index fcb5e8bad295a0..e34b2db0210960 100644
--- a/Doc/library/dataclasses.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/dataclasses.rst
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ Module contents
    - *unsafe_hash*: If ``False`` (the default), a :meth:`~object.__hash__` method
      is generated according to how *eq* and *frozen* are set.
 
-     :meth:`!__hash__` is used by built-in :meth:`hash()`, and when objects are
+     :meth:`!__hash__` is used by built-in :meth:`hash`, and when objects are
      added to hashed collections such as dictionaries and sets.  Having a
      :meth:`!__hash__` implies that instances of the class are immutable.
      Mutability is a complicated property that depends on the programmer's
@@ -185,10 +185,14 @@ Module contents
    - *slots*: If true (the default is ``False``), :attr:`~object.__slots__` attribute
      will be generated and new class will be returned instead of the original one.
      If :attr:`!__slots__` is already defined in the class, then :exc:`TypeError`
-     is raised. Calling no-arg :func:`super` in dataclasses using ``slots=True`` will result in
-     the following exception being raised:
-     ``TypeError: super(type, obj): obj must be an instance or subtype of type``.
-     The two-arg :func:`super` is a valid workaround. See :gh:`90562` for full details.
+     is raised.
+
+    .. warning::
+       Passing parameters to a base class :meth:`~object.__init_subclass__`
+       when using ``slots=True`` will result in a :exc:`TypeError`.
+       Either use ``__init_subclass__`` with no parameters
+       or use default values as a workaround.
+       See :gh:`91126` for full details.
 
     .. versionadded:: 3.10
 
@@ -204,7 +208,8 @@ Module contents
 
    - *weakref_slot*: If true (the default is ``False``), add a slot
      named "__weakref__", which is required to make an instance
-     weakref-able.  It is an error to specify ``weakref_slot=True``
+     :func:`weakref-able <weakref.ref>`.
+     It is an error to specify ``weakref_slot=True``
      without also specifying ``slots=True``.
 
     .. versionadded:: 3.11
@@ -226,7 +231,7 @@ Module contents
    follows a field with a default value.  This is true whether this
    occurs in a single class, or as a result of class inheritance.
 
-.. function:: field(*, default=MISSING, default_factory=MISSING, init=True, repr=True, hash=None, compare=True, metadata=None, kw_only=MISSING)
+.. function:: field(*, default=MISSING, default_factory=MISSING, init=True, repr=True, hash=None, compare=True, metadata=None, kw_only=MISSING, doc=None)
 
    For common and simple use cases, no other functionality is
    required.  There are, however, some dataclass features that
@@ -295,6 +300,10 @@ Module contents
 
     .. versionadded:: 3.10
 
+   - ``doc``: optional docstring for this field.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 3.13
+
    If the default value of a field is specified by a call to
    :func:`!field`, then the class attribute for this field will be
    replaced by the specified *default* value.  If *default* is not
@@ -390,7 +399,7 @@ Module contents
    :func:`!astuple` raises :exc:`TypeError` if *obj* is not a dataclass
    instance.
 
-.. function:: make_dataclass(cls_name, fields, *, bases=(), namespace=None, init=True, repr=True, eq=True, order=False, unsafe_hash=False, frozen=False, match_args=True, kw_only=False, slots=False, weakref_slot=False, module=None)
+.. function:: make_dataclass(cls_name, fields, *, bases=(), namespace=None, init=True, repr=True, eq=True, order=False, unsafe_hash=False, frozen=False, match_args=True, kw_only=False, slots=False, weakref_slot=False, module=None, decorator=dataclass)
 
    Creates a new dataclass with name *cls_name*, fields as defined
    in *fields*, base classes as given in *bases*, and initialized
@@ -406,6 +415,11 @@ Module contents
    of the dataclass is set to that value.
    By default, it is set to the module name of the caller.
 
+   The *decorator* parameter is a callable that will be used to create the dataclass.
+   It should take the class object as a first argument and the same keyword arguments
+   as :func:`@dataclass <dataclass>`. By default, the :func:`@dataclass <dataclass>`
+   function is used.
+
    This function is not strictly required, because any Python
    mechanism for creating a new class with :attr:`!__annotations__` can
    then apply the :func:`@dataclass <dataclass>` function to convert that class to
@@ -429,6 +443,9 @@ Module contents
          def add_one(self):
              return self.x + 1
 
+   .. versionadded:: 3.14
+      Added the *decorator* parameter.
+
 .. function:: replace(obj, /, **changes)
 
    Creates a new object of the same type as *obj*, replacing
diff --git a/Doc/library/datetime.rst b/Doc/library/datetime.rst
index 0723d0fe2fceb0..2f81080d525f86 100644
--- a/Doc/library/datetime.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/datetime.rst
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ Aware and Naive Objects
 -----------------------
 
 Date and time objects may be categorized as "aware" or "naive" depending on
-whether or not they include timezone information.
+whether or not they include time zone information.
 
 With sufficient knowledge of applicable algorithmic and political time
 adjustments, such as time zone and daylight saving time information,
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ interpretation. [#]_
 
 A **naive** object does not contain enough information to unambiguously locate
 itself relative to other date/time objects. Whether a naive object represents
-Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), local time, or time in some other timezone is
+Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), local time, or time in some other time zone is
 purely up to the program, just like it is up to the program whether a
 particular number represents metres, miles, or mass. Naive objects are easy to
 understand and to work with, at the cost of ignoring some aspects of reality.
@@ -70,9 +70,9 @@ These :class:`tzinfo` objects capture information about the offset from UTC
 time, the time zone name, and whether daylight saving time is in effect.
 
 Only one concrete :class:`tzinfo` class, the :class:`timezone` class, is
-supplied by the :mod:`!datetime` module. The :class:`timezone` class can
-represent simple timezones with fixed offsets from UTC, such as UTC itself or
-North American EST and EDT timezones. Supporting timezones at deeper levels of
+supplied by the :mod:`!datetime` module. The :class:`!timezone` class can
+represent simple time zones with fixed offsets from UTC, such as UTC itself or
+North American EST and EDT time zones. Supporting time zones at deeper levels of
 detail is up to the application. The rules for time adjustment across the
 world are more political than rational, change frequently, and there is no
 standard suitable for every application aside from UTC.
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ The :mod:`!datetime` module exports the following constants:
 
 .. attribute:: UTC
 
-   Alias for the UTC timezone singleton :attr:`datetime.timezone.utc`.
+   Alias for the UTC time zone singleton :attr:`datetime.timezone.utc`.
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.11
 
@@ -180,19 +180,19 @@ Objects of the :class:`date` type are always naive.
 
 An object of type :class:`.time` or :class:`.datetime` may be aware or naive.
 
-A :class:`.datetime` object *d* is aware if both of the following hold:
+A :class:`.datetime` object ``d`` is aware if both of the following hold:
 
 1. ``d.tzinfo`` is not ``None``
 2. ``d.tzinfo.utcoffset(d)`` does not return ``None``
 
-Otherwise, *d* is naive.
+Otherwise, ``d`` is naive.
 
-A :class:`.time` object *t* is aware if both of the following hold:
+A :class:`.time` object ``t`` is aware if both of the following hold:
 
 1. ``t.tzinfo`` is not ``None``
 2. ``t.tzinfo.utcoffset(None)`` does not return ``None``.
 
-Otherwise, *t* is naive.
+Otherwise, ``t`` is naive.
 
 The distinction between aware and naive doesn't apply to :class:`timedelta`
 objects.
@@ -283,17 +283,37 @@ Class attributes:
 Note that, because of normalization, ``timedelta.max`` is greater than ``-timedelta.min``.
 ``-timedelta.max`` is not representable as a :class:`timedelta` object.
 
+
 Instance attributes (read-only):
 
-+------------------+--------------------------------------------+
-| Attribute        | Value                                      |
-+==================+============================================+
-| ``days``         | Between -999999999 and 999999999 inclusive |
-+------------------+--------------------------------------------+
-| ``seconds``      | Between 0 and 86399 inclusive              |
-+------------------+--------------------------------------------+
-| ``microseconds`` | Between 0 and 999999 inclusive             |
-+------------------+--------------------------------------------+
+.. attribute:: timedelta.days
+
+   Between -999,999,999 and 999,999,999 inclusive.
+
+
+.. attribute:: timedelta.seconds
+
+   Between 0 and 86,399 inclusive.
+
+   .. caution::
+
+      It is a somewhat common bug for code to unintentionally use this attribute
+      when it is actually intended to get a :meth:`~timedelta.total_seconds`
+      value instead:
+
+      .. doctest::
+
+         >>> from datetime import timedelta
+         >>> duration = timedelta(seconds=11235813)
+         >>> duration.days, duration.seconds
+         (130, 3813)
+         >>> duration.total_seconds()
+         11235813.0
+
+.. attribute:: timedelta.microseconds
+
+   Between 0 and 999,999 inclusive.
+
 
 Supported operations:
 
@@ -338,14 +358,14 @@ Supported operations:
 +--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
 | ``q, r = divmod(t1, t2)``      | Computes the quotient and the remainder:      |
 |                                | ``q = t1 // t2`` (3) and ``r = t1 % t2``.     |
-|                                | q is an integer and r is a :class:`timedelta` |
-|                                | object.                                       |
+|                                | ``q`` is an integer and ``r`` is a            |
+|                                | :class:`timedelta` object.                    |
 +--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
 | ``+t1``                        | Returns a :class:`timedelta` object with the  |
 |                                | same value. (2)                               |
 +--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
 | ``-t1``                        | Equivalent to ``timedelta(-t1.days,           |
-|                                | -t1.seconds*, -t1.microseconds)``,            |
+|                                | -t1.seconds, -t1.microseconds)``,             |
 |                                | and to ``t1 * -1``. (1)(4)                    |
 +--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
 | ``abs(t)``                     | Equivalent to ``+t`` when ``t.days >= 0``,    |
@@ -506,7 +526,7 @@ Other constructors, all class methods:
    January 1 of year 1 has ordinal 1.
 
    :exc:`ValueError` is raised unless ``1 <= ordinal <=
-   date.max.toordinal()``. For any date *d*,
+   date.max.toordinal()``. For any date ``d``,
    ``date.fromordinal(d.toordinal()) == d``.
 
 
@@ -542,6 +562,39 @@ Other constructors, all class methods:
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.8
 
+.. classmethod:: date.strptime(date_string, format)
+
+   Return a :class:`.date` corresponding to *date_string*, parsed according to
+   *format*. This is equivalent to::
+
+     date(*(time.strptime(date_string, format)[0:3]))
+
+   :exc:`ValueError` is raised if the date_string and format
+   can't be parsed by :func:`time.strptime` or if it returns a value which isn't a
+   time tuple.  See also :ref:`strftime-strptime-behavior` and
+   :meth:`date.fromisoformat`.
+
+   .. note::
+
+      If *format* specifies a day of month without a year a
+      :exc:`DeprecationWarning` is emitted.  This is to avoid a quadrennial
+      leap year bug in code seeking to parse only a month and day as the
+      default year used in absence of one in the format is not a leap year.
+      Such *format* values may raise an error as of Python 3.15.  The
+      workaround is to always include a year in your *format*.  If parsing
+      *date_string* values that do not have a year, explicitly add a year that
+      is a leap year before parsing:
+
+      .. doctest::
+
+         >>> from datetime import date
+         >>> date_string = "02/29"
+         >>> when = date.strptime(f"{date_string};1984", "%m/%d;%Y")  # Avoids leap year bug.
+         >>> when.strftime("%B %d")  # doctest: +SKIP
+         'February 29'
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.14
+
 
 Class attributes:
 
@@ -677,7 +730,7 @@ Instance methods:
 .. method:: date.toordinal()
 
    Return the proleptic Gregorian ordinal of the date, where January 1 of year 1
-   has ordinal 1. For any :class:`date` object *d*,
+   has ordinal 1. For any :class:`date` object ``d``,
    ``date.fromordinal(d.toordinal()) == d``.
 
 
@@ -729,7 +782,7 @@ Instance methods:
 
 .. method:: date.__str__()
 
-   For a date *d*, ``str(d)`` is equivalent to ``d.isoformat()``.
+   For a date ``d``, ``str(d)`` is equivalent to ``d.isoformat()``.
 
 
 .. method:: date.ctime()
@@ -869,7 +922,7 @@ Other constructors, all class methods:
 
 .. classmethod:: datetime.today()
 
-   Return the current local datetime, with :attr:`.tzinfo` ``None``.
+   Return the current local date and time, with :attr:`.tzinfo` ``None``.
 
    Equivalent to::
 
@@ -895,6 +948,10 @@ Other constructors, all class methods:
 
    This function is preferred over :meth:`today` and :meth:`utcnow`.
 
+   .. note::
+
+      Subsequent calls to :meth:`!datetime.now` may return the same
+      instant depending on the precision of the underlying clock.
 
 .. classmethod:: datetime.utcnow()
 
@@ -1006,7 +1063,7 @@ Other constructors, all class methods:
    is used.  If the *date* argument is a :class:`.datetime` object, its time components
    and :attr:`.tzinfo` attributes are ignored.
 
-   For any :class:`.datetime` object *d*,
+   For any :class:`.datetime` object ``d``,
    ``d == datetime.combine(d.date(), d.time(), d.tzinfo)``.
 
    .. versionchanged:: 3.6
@@ -1053,7 +1110,7 @@ Other constructors, all class methods:
    .. versionadded:: 3.7
    .. versionchanged:: 3.11
       Previously, this method only supported formats that could be emitted by
-      :meth:`date.isoformat()` or :meth:`datetime.isoformat()`.
+      :meth:`date.isoformat` or :meth:`datetime.isoformat`.
 
 
 .. classmethod:: datetime.fromisocalendar(year, week, day)
@@ -1070,7 +1127,7 @@ Other constructors, all class methods:
    Return a :class:`.datetime` corresponding to *date_string*, parsed according to
    *format*.
 
-   If *format* does not contain microseconds or timezone information, this is equivalent to::
+   If *format* does not contain microseconds or time zone information, this is equivalent to::
 
      datetime(*(time.strptime(date_string, format)[0:6]))
 
@@ -1213,11 +1270,11 @@ Supported operations:
 
    If both are naive, or both are aware and have the same :attr:`~.datetime.tzinfo` attribute,
    the :attr:`~.datetime.tzinfo` attributes are ignored, and the result is a :class:`timedelta`
-   object *t* such that ``datetime2 + t == datetime1``. No time zone adjustments
+   object ``t`` such that ``datetime2 + t == datetime1``. No time zone adjustments
    are done in this case.
 
    If both are aware and have different :attr:`~.datetime.tzinfo` attributes, ``a-b`` acts
-   as if *a* and *b* were first converted to naive UTC datetimes. The
+   as if ``a`` and ``b`` were first converted to naive UTC datetimes. The
    result is ``(a.replace(tzinfo=None) - a.utcoffset()) - (b.replace(tzinfo=None)
    - b.utcoffset())`` except that the implementation never overflows.
 
@@ -1311,22 +1368,22 @@ Instance methods:
 
    If provided, *tz* must be an instance of a :class:`tzinfo` subclass, and its
    :meth:`utcoffset` and :meth:`dst` methods must not return ``None``. If *self*
-   is naive, it is presumed to represent time in the system timezone.
+   is naive, it is presumed to represent time in the system time zone.
 
    If called without arguments (or with ``tz=None``) the system local
-   timezone is assumed for the target timezone. The ``.tzinfo`` attribute of the converted
+   time zone is assumed for the target time zone. The ``.tzinfo`` attribute of the converted
    datetime instance will be set to an instance of :class:`timezone`
    with the zone name and offset obtained from the OS.
 
    If ``self.tzinfo`` is *tz*, ``self.astimezone(tz)`` is equal to *self*:  no
    adjustment of date or time data is performed. Else the result is local
-   time in the timezone *tz*, representing the same UTC time as *self*:  after
+   time in the time zone *tz*, representing the same UTC time as *self*:  after
    ``astz = dt.astimezone(tz)``, ``astz - astz.utcoffset()`` will have
    the same date and time data as ``dt - dt.utcoffset()``.
 
-   If you merely want to attach a time zone object *tz* to a datetime *dt* without
+   If you merely want to attach a :class:`timezone` object *tz* to a datetime *dt* without
    adjustment of date and time data, use ``dt.replace(tzinfo=tz)``. If you
-   merely want to remove the time zone object from an aware datetime *dt* without
+   merely want to remove the :class:`!timezone` object from an aware datetime *dt* without
    conversion of date and time data, use ``dt.replace(tzinfo=None)``.
 
    Note that the default :meth:`tzinfo.fromutc` method can be overridden in a
@@ -1336,7 +1393,7 @@ Instance methods:
       def astimezone(self, tz):
           if self.tzinfo is tz:
               return self
-          # Convert self to UTC, and attach the new time zone object.
+          # Convert self to UTC, and attach the new timezone object.
           utc = (self - self.utcoffset()).replace(tzinfo=tz)
           # Convert from UTC to tz's local time.
           return tz.fromutc(utc)
@@ -1397,11 +1454,11 @@ Instance methods:
 
 .. method:: datetime.utctimetuple()
 
-   If :class:`.datetime` instance *d* is naive, this is the same as
+   If :class:`.datetime` instance ``d`` is naive, this is the same as
    ``d.timetuple()`` except that :attr:`~.time.struct_time.tm_isdst` is forced to 0 regardless of what
    ``d.dst()`` returns. DST is never in effect for a UTC time.
 
-   If *d* is aware, *d* is normalized to UTC time, by subtracting
+   If ``d`` is aware, ``d`` is normalized to UTC time, by subtracting
    ``d.utcoffset()``, and a :class:`time.struct_time` for the
    normalized time is returned. :attr:`!tm_isdst` is forced to 0. Note
    that an :exc:`OverflowError` may be raised if ``d.year`` was
@@ -1450,7 +1507,7 @@ Instance methods:
 
       There is no method to obtain the POSIX timestamp directly from a
       naive :class:`.datetime` instance representing UTC time. If your
-      application uses this convention and your system timezone is not
+      application uses this convention and your system time zone is not
       set to UTC, you can obtain the POSIX timestamp by supplying
       ``tzinfo=timezone.utc``::
 
@@ -1549,7 +1606,7 @@ Instance methods:
 
 .. method:: datetime.__str__()
 
-   For a :class:`.datetime` instance *d*, ``str(d)`` is equivalent to
+   For a :class:`.datetime` instance ``d``, ``str(d)`` is equivalent to
    ``d.isoformat(' ')``.
 
 
@@ -1796,7 +1853,7 @@ Instance attributes (read-only):
    .. versionadded:: 3.6
 
 :class:`.time` objects support equality and order comparisons,
-where *a* is considered less than *b* when *a* precedes *b* in time.
+where ``a`` is considered less than ``b`` when ``a`` precedes ``b`` in time.
 
 Naive and aware :class:`!time` objects are never equal.
 Order comparison between naive and aware :class:`!time` objects raises
@@ -1821,7 +1878,7 @@ In Boolean contexts, a :class:`.time` object is always considered to be true.
    details.
 
 
-Other constructor:
+Other constructors:
 
 .. classmethod:: time.fromisoformat(time_string)
 
@@ -1861,7 +1918,23 @@ Other constructor:
    .. versionadded:: 3.7
    .. versionchanged:: 3.11
       Previously, this method only supported formats that could be emitted by
-      :meth:`time.isoformat()`.
+      :meth:`time.isoformat`.
+
+.. classmethod:: time.strptime(date_string, format)
+
+   Return a :class:`.time` corresponding to *date_string*, parsed according to
+   *format*.
+
+   If *format* does not contain microseconds or timezone information, this is equivalent to::
+
+     time(*(time.strptime(date_string, format)[3:6]))
+
+   :exc:`ValueError` is raised if the *date_string* and *format*
+   cannot be parsed by :func:`time.strptime` or if it returns a value which is not a
+   time tuple.  See also :ref:`strftime-strptime-behavior` and
+   :meth:`time.fromisoformat`.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.14
 
 
 Instance methods:
@@ -1927,7 +2000,7 @@ Instance methods:
 
 .. method:: time.__str__()
 
-   For a time *t*, ``str(t)`` is equivalent to ``t.isoformat()``.
+   For a time ``t``, ``str(t)`` is equivalent to ``t.isoformat()``.
 
 
 .. method:: time.strftime(format)
@@ -2021,7 +2094,7 @@ Examples of working with a :class:`.time` object::
    supply implementations of the standard :class:`tzinfo` methods needed by the
    :class:`.datetime` methods you use. The :mod:`!datetime` module provides
    :class:`timezone`, a simple concrete subclass of :class:`tzinfo` which can
-   represent timezones with fixed offset from UTC such as UTC itself or North
+   represent time zones with fixed offset from UTC such as UTC itself or North
    American EST and EDT.
 
    Special requirement for pickling:  A :class:`tzinfo` subclass must have an
@@ -2146,14 +2219,14 @@ When a :class:`.datetime` object is passed in response to a :class:`.datetime`
 method, ``dt.tzinfo`` is the same object as *self*. :class:`tzinfo` methods can
 rely on this, unless user code calls :class:`tzinfo` methods directly. The
 intent is that the :class:`tzinfo` methods interpret *dt* as being in local
-time, and not need worry about objects in other timezones.
+time, and not need worry about objects in other time zones.
 
 There is one more :class:`tzinfo` method that a subclass may wish to override:
 
 
 .. method:: tzinfo.fromutc(dt)
 
-   This is called from the default :class:`datetime.astimezone()`
+   This is called from the default :meth:`datetime.astimezone`
    implementation. When called from that, ``dt.tzinfo`` is *self*, and *dt*'s
    date and time data are to be viewed as expressing a UTC time. The purpose
    of :meth:`fromutc` is to adjust the date and time data, returning an
@@ -2263,12 +2336,12 @@ only EST (fixed offset -5 hours), or only EDT (fixed offset -4 hours)).
     :mod:`zoneinfo`
       The :mod:`!datetime` module has a basic :class:`timezone` class (for
       handling arbitrary fixed offsets from UTC) and its :attr:`timezone.utc`
-      attribute (a UTC timezone instance).
+      attribute (a UTC :class:`!timezone` instance).
 
-      ``zoneinfo`` brings the *IANA timezone database* (also known as the Olson
+      ``zoneinfo`` brings the *IANA time zone database* (also known as the Olson
       database) to Python, and its usage is recommended.
 
-   `IANA timezone database <https://www.iana.org/time-zones>`_
+   `IANA time zone database <https://www.iana.org/time-zones>`_
       The Time Zone Database (often called tz, tzdata or zoneinfo) contains code
       and data that represent the history of local time for many representative
       locations around the globe. It is updated periodically to reflect changes
@@ -2282,10 +2355,10 @@ only EST (fixed offset -5 hours), or only EDT (fixed offset -4 hours)).
 -------------------------
 
 The :class:`timezone` class is a subclass of :class:`tzinfo`, each
-instance of which represents a timezone defined by a fixed offset from
+instance of which represents a time zone defined by a fixed offset from
 UTC.
 
-Objects of this class cannot be used to represent timezone information in the
+Objects of this class cannot be used to represent time zone information in the
 locations where different offsets are used in different days of the year or
 where historical changes have been made to civil time.
 
@@ -2346,7 +2419,7 @@ Class attributes:
 
 .. attribute:: timezone.utc
 
-   The UTC timezone, ``timezone(timedelta(0))``.
+   The UTC time zone, ``timezone(timedelta(0))``.
 
 
 .. index::
@@ -2361,24 +2434,22 @@ Class attributes:
 ``strftime(format)`` method, to create a string representing the time under the
 control of an explicit format string.
 
-Conversely, the :meth:`datetime.strptime` class method creates a
-:class:`.datetime` object from a string representing a date and time and a
-corresponding format string.
+Conversely, the :meth:`date.strptime`, :meth:`datetime.strptime` and
+:meth:`time.strptime` class methods create an object from a string
+representing the time and a corresponding format string.
 
 The table below provides a high-level comparison of :meth:`~.datetime.strftime`
 versus :meth:`~.datetime.strptime`:
 
-+----------------+--------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-|                | ``strftime``                                           | ``strptime``                                                                 |
-+================+========================================================+==============================================================================+
-| Usage          | Convert object to a string according to a given format | Parse a string into a :class:`.datetime` object given a corresponding format |
-+----------------+--------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| Type of method | Instance method                                        | Class method                                                                 |
-+----------------+--------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| Method of      | :class:`date`; :class:`.datetime`; :class:`.time`      | :class:`.datetime`                                                           |
-+----------------+--------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| Signature      | ``strftime(format)``                                   | ``strptime(date_string, format)``                                            |
-+----------------+--------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
++----------------+--------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
+|                | ``strftime``                                           | ``strptime``                                               |
++================+========================================================+============================================================+
+| Usage          | Convert object to a string according to a given format | Parse a string into an object given a corresponding format |
++----------------+--------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
+| Type of method | Instance method                                        | Class method                                               |
++----------------+--------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
+| Signature      | ``strftime(format)``                                   | ``strptime(date_string, format)``                          |
++----------------+--------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
 
 
    .. _format-codes:
@@ -2555,7 +2626,7 @@ Using ``datetime.strptime(date_string, format)`` is equivalent to::
 
   datetime(*(time.strptime(date_string, format)[0:6]))
 
-except when the format includes sub-second components or timezone offset
+except when the format includes sub-second components or time zone offset
 information, which are supported in ``datetime.strptime`` but are discarded by
 ``time.strptime``.
 
diff --git a/Doc/library/dbm.rst b/Doc/library/dbm.rst
index 77148a558d1909..6c659ea52ad821 100644
--- a/Doc/library/dbm.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/dbm.rst
@@ -19,8 +19,6 @@ slow-but-simple implementation in module :mod:`dbm.dumb` will be used.  There
 is a `third party interface <https://www.jcea.es/programacion/pybsddb.htm>`_ to
 the Oracle Berkeley DB.
 
-.. include:: ../includes/wasm-ios-notavail.rst
-
 .. exception:: error
 
    A tuple containing the exceptions that can be raised by each of the supported
@@ -164,6 +162,8 @@ SQLite backend for the :mod:`dbm` module.
 The files created by :mod:`dbm.sqlite3` can thus be opened by :mod:`sqlite3`,
 or any other SQLite browser, including the SQLite CLI.
 
+.. include:: ../includes/wasm-notavail.rst
+
 .. function:: open(filename, /, flag="r", mode=0o666)
 
    Open an SQLite database.
@@ -207,6 +207,8 @@ functionality like crash tolerance.
    The file formats created by :mod:`dbm.gnu` and :mod:`dbm.ndbm` are incompatible
    and can not be used interchangeably.
 
+.. include:: ../includes/wasm-mobile-notavail.rst
+
 .. exception:: error
 
    Raised on :mod:`dbm.gnu`-specific errors, such as I/O errors. :exc:`KeyError` is
@@ -326,6 +328,8 @@ This module can be used with the "classic" NDBM interface or the
    when storing values larger than this limit. Reading such corrupted files can
    result in a hard crash (segmentation fault).
 
+.. include:: ../includes/wasm-mobile-notavail.rst
+
 .. exception:: error
 
    Raised on :mod:`dbm.ndbm`-specific errors, such as I/O errors. :exc:`KeyError` is raised
diff --git a/Doc/library/decimal.rst b/Doc/library/decimal.rst
index 3e33581f96f16a..c9a3e448cad063 100644
--- a/Doc/library/decimal.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/decimal.rst
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-:mod:`!decimal` --- Decimal fixed point and floating point arithmetic
+:mod:`!decimal` --- Decimal fixed-point and floating-point arithmetic
 =====================================================================
 
 .. module:: decimal
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 --------------
 
 The :mod:`decimal` module provides support for fast correctly rounded
-decimal floating point arithmetic. It offers several advantages over the
+decimal floating-point arithmetic. It offers several advantages over the
 :class:`float` datatype:
 
 * Decimal "is based on a floating-point model which was designed with people
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ a decimal raises :class:`InvalidOperation`::
 .. versionchanged:: 3.3
 
 Decimals interact well with much of the rest of Python.  Here is a small decimal
-floating point flying circus:
+floating-point flying circus:
 
 .. doctest::
    :options: +NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE
@@ -373,7 +373,7 @@ Decimal objects
    digits, and an integer exponent. For example, ``Decimal((0, (1, 4, 1, 4), -3))``
    returns ``Decimal('1.414')``.
 
-   If *value* is a :class:`float`, the binary floating point value is losslessly
+   If *value* is a :class:`float`, the binary floating-point value is losslessly
    converted to its exact decimal equivalent.  This conversion can often require
    53 or more digits of precision.  For example, ``Decimal(float('1.1'))``
    converts to
@@ -403,7 +403,7 @@ Decimal objects
       Underscores are allowed for grouping, as with integral and floating-point
       literals in code.
 
-   Decimal floating point objects share many properties with the other built-in
+   Decimal floating-point objects share many properties with the other built-in
    numeric types such as :class:`float` and :class:`int`.  All of the usual math
    operations and special methods apply.  Likewise, decimal objects can be
    copied, pickled, printed, used as dictionary keys, used as set elements,
@@ -445,7 +445,7 @@ Decimal objects
       Mixed-type comparisons between :class:`Decimal` instances and other
       numeric types are now fully supported.
 
-   In addition to the standard numeric properties, decimal floating point
+   In addition to the standard numeric properties, decimal floating-point
    objects also have a number of specialized methods:
 
 
@@ -598,6 +598,23 @@ Decimal objects
 
       .. versionadded:: 3.1
 
+   .. classmethod:: from_number(number)
+
+      Alternative constructor that only accepts instances of
+      :class:`float`, :class:`int` or :class:`Decimal`, but not strings
+      or tuples.
+
+      .. doctest::
+
+          >>> Decimal.from_number(314)
+          Decimal('314')
+          >>> Decimal.from_number(0.1)
+          Decimal('0.1000000000000000055511151231257827021181583404541015625')
+          >>> Decimal.from_number(Decimal('3.14'))
+          Decimal('3.14')
+
+      .. versionadded:: 3.14
+
    .. method:: fma(other, third, context=None)
 
       Fused multiply-add.  Return self*other+third with no rounding of the
@@ -897,6 +914,48 @@ Decimal objects
       :const:`Rounded`.  If given, applies *rounding*; otherwise, uses the
       rounding method in either the supplied *context* or the current context.
 
+   Decimal numbers can be rounded using the :func:`.round` function:
+
+   .. describe:: round(number)
+   .. describe:: round(number, ndigits)
+
+      If *ndigits* is not given or ``None``,
+      returns the nearest :class:`int` to *number*,
+      rounding ties to even, and ignoring the rounding mode of the
+      :class:`Decimal` context.  Raises :exc:`OverflowError` if *number* is an
+      infinity or :exc:`ValueError` if it is a (quiet or signaling) NaN.
+
+      If *ndigits* is an :class:`int`, the context's rounding mode is respected
+      and a :class:`Decimal` representing *number* rounded to the nearest
+      multiple of ``Decimal('1E-ndigits')`` is returned; in this case,
+      ``round(number, ndigits)`` is equivalent to
+      ``self.quantize(Decimal('1E-ndigits'))``.  Returns ``Decimal('NaN')`` if
+      *number* is a quiet NaN.  Raises :class:`InvalidOperation` if *number*
+      is an infinity, a signaling NaN, or if the length of the coefficient after
+      the quantize operation would be greater than the current context's
+      precision.  In other words, for the non-corner cases:
+
+      * if *ndigits* is positive, return *number* rounded to *ndigits* decimal
+        places;
+      * if *ndigits* is zero, return *number* rounded to the nearest integer;
+      * if *ndigits* is negative, return *number* rounded to the nearest
+        multiple of ``10**abs(ndigits)``.
+
+      For example::
+
+          >>> from decimal import Decimal, getcontext, ROUND_DOWN
+          >>> getcontext().rounding = ROUND_DOWN
+          >>> round(Decimal('3.75'))     # context rounding ignored
+          4
+          >>> round(Decimal('3.5'))      # round-ties-to-even
+          4
+          >>> round(Decimal('3.75'), 0)  # uses the context rounding
+          Decimal('3')
+          >>> round(Decimal('3.75'), 1)
+          Decimal('3.7')
+          >>> round(Decimal('3.75'), -1)
+          Decimal('0E+1')
+
 
 .. _logical_operands_label:
 
@@ -1699,7 +1758,7 @@ The following table summarizes the hierarchy of signals::
 
 .. _decimal-notes:
 
-Floating Point Notes
+Floating-Point Notes
 --------------------
 
 
@@ -1712,7 +1771,7 @@ can still incur round-off error when non-zero digits exceed the fixed precision.
 
 The effects of round-off error can be amplified by the addition or subtraction
 of nearly offsetting quantities resulting in loss of significance.  Knuth
-provides two instructive examples where rounded floating point arithmetic with
+provides two instructive examples where rounded floating-point arithmetic with
 insufficient precision causes the breakdown of the associative and distributive
 properties of addition:
 
@@ -1802,7 +1861,7 @@ treated as equal and their sign is informational.
 In addition to the two signed zeros which are distinct yet equal, there are
 various representations of zero with differing precisions yet equivalent in
 value.  This takes a bit of getting used to.  For an eye accustomed to
-normalized floating point representations, it is not immediately obvious that
+normalized floating-point representations, it is not immediately obvious that
 the following calculation returns a value equal to zero:
 
    >>> 1 / Decimal('Infinity')
@@ -2129,7 +2188,7 @@ value unchanged:
 
 Q. Is there a way to convert a regular float to a :class:`Decimal`?
 
-A. Yes, any binary floating point number can be exactly expressed as a
+A. Yes, any binary floating-point number can be exactly expressed as a
 Decimal though an exact conversion may take more precision than intuition would
 suggest:
 
@@ -2183,7 +2242,7 @@ Q. Is the CPython implementation fast for large numbers?
 A. Yes.  In the CPython and PyPy3 implementations, the C/CFFI versions of
 the decimal module integrate the high speed `libmpdec
 <https://www.bytereef.org/mpdecimal/doc/libmpdec/index.html>`_ library for
-arbitrary precision correctly rounded decimal floating point arithmetic [#]_.
+arbitrary precision correctly rounded decimal floating-point arithmetic [#]_.
 ``libmpdec`` uses `Karatsuba multiplication
 <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karatsuba_algorithm>`_
 for medium-sized numbers and the `Number Theoretic Transform
diff --git a/Doc/library/dis.rst b/Doc/library/dis.rst
index ab46d4554d8773..a2e44e09ffc925 100644
--- a/Doc/library/dis.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/dis.rst
@@ -56,6 +56,10 @@ interpreter.
       for jump targets and exception handlers. The ``-O`` command line
       option and the ``show_offsets`` argument were added.
 
+   .. versionchanged:: 3.14
+      The :option:`-P <dis --show-positions>` command-line option
+      and the ``show_positions`` argument were added.
+
 Example: Given the function :func:`!myfunc`::
 
    def myfunc(alist):
@@ -85,7 +89,7 @@ The :mod:`dis` module can be invoked as a script from the command line:
 
 .. code-block:: sh
 
-   python -m dis [-h] [-C] [-O] [infile]
+   python -m dis [-h] [-C] [-O] [-P] [infile]
 
 The following options are accepted:
 
@@ -103,6 +107,10 @@ The following options are accepted:
 
    Show offsets of instructions.
 
+.. cmdoption:: -P, --show-positions
+
+   Show positions of instructions in the source code.
+
 If :file:`infile` is specified, its disassembled code will be written to stdout.
 Otherwise, disassembly is performed on compiled source code received from stdin.
 
@@ -116,7 +124,8 @@ The bytecode analysis API allows pieces of Python code to be wrapped in a
 code.
 
 .. class:: Bytecode(x, *, first_line=None, current_offset=None,\
-                    show_caches=False, adaptive=False, show_offsets=False)
+                    show_caches=False, adaptive=False, show_offsets=False,\
+                    show_positions=False)
 
    Analyse the bytecode corresponding to a function, generator, asynchronous
    generator, coroutine, method, string of source code, or a code object (as
@@ -144,6 +153,9 @@ code.
    If *show_offsets* is ``True``, :meth:`.dis` will include instruction
    offsets in the output.
 
+   If *show_positions* is ``True``, :meth:`.dis` will include instruction
+   source code positions in the output.
+
    .. classmethod:: from_traceback(tb, *, show_caches=False)
 
       Construct a :class:`Bytecode` instance from the given traceback, setting
@@ -173,6 +185,12 @@ code.
    .. versionchanged:: 3.11
       Added the *show_caches* and *adaptive* parameters.
 
+   .. versionchanged:: 3.13
+      Added the *show_offsets* parameter
+
+   .. versionchanged:: 3.14
+      Added the *show_positions* parameter.
+
 Example:
 
 .. doctest::
@@ -226,7 +244,8 @@ operation is being performed, so the intermediate analysis object isn't useful:
       Added *file* parameter.
 
 
-.. function:: dis(x=None, *, file=None, depth=None, show_caches=False, adaptive=False)
+.. function:: dis(x=None, *, file=None, depth=None, show_caches=False,\
+                  adaptive=False, show_offsets=False, show_positions=False)
 
    Disassemble the *x* object.  *x* can denote either a module, a class, a
    method, a function, a generator, an asynchronous generator, a coroutine,
@@ -265,9 +284,14 @@ operation is being performed, so the intermediate analysis object isn't useful:
    .. versionchanged:: 3.11
       Added the *show_caches* and *adaptive* parameters.
 
+   .. versionchanged:: 3.13
+      Added the *show_offsets* parameter.
+
+   .. versionchanged:: 3.14
+      Added the *show_positions* parameter.
 
-.. function:: distb(tb=None, *, file=None, show_caches=False, adaptive=False,
-                    show_offset=False)
+.. function:: distb(tb=None, *, file=None, show_caches=False, adaptive=False,\
+                    show_offset=False, show_positions=False)
 
    Disassemble the top-of-stack function of a traceback, using the last
    traceback if none was passed.  The instruction causing the exception is
@@ -285,14 +309,20 @@ operation is being performed, so the intermediate analysis object isn't useful:
    .. versionchanged:: 3.13
       Added the *show_offsets* parameter.
 
-.. function:: disassemble(code, lasti=-1, *, file=None, show_caches=False, adaptive=False)
-              disco(code, lasti=-1, *, file=None, show_caches=False, adaptive=False,
-              show_offsets=False)
+   .. versionchanged:: 3.14
+      Added the *show_positions* parameter.
+
+.. function:: disassemble(code, lasti=-1, *, file=None, show_caches=False,\
+                          adaptive=False, show_offsets=False, show_positions=False)
+              disco(code, lasti=-1, *, file=None, show_caches=False, adaptive=False,\
+                    show_offsets=False, show_positions=False)
 
    Disassemble a code object, indicating the last instruction if *lasti* was
    provided.  The output is divided in the following columns:
 
-   #. the line number, for the first instruction of each line
+   #. the source code location of the instruction. Complete location information
+      is shown if *show_positions* is true. Otherwise (the default) only the
+      line number is displayed.
    #. the current instruction, indicated as ``-->``,
    #. a labelled instruction, indicated with ``>>``,
    #. the address of the instruction,
@@ -315,6 +345,9 @@ operation is being performed, so the intermediate analysis object isn't useful:
    .. versionchanged:: 3.13
       Added the *show_offsets* parameter.
 
+   .. versionchanged:: 3.14
+      Added the *show_positions* parameter.
+
 .. function:: get_instructions(x, *, first_line=None, show_caches=False, adaptive=False)
 
    Return an iterator over the instructions in the supplied function, method,
@@ -780,16 +813,6 @@ not have to be) the original ``STACK[-2]``.
    .. versionadded:: 3.12
 
 
-.. opcode:: BEFORE_ASYNC_WITH
-
-   Resolves ``__aenter__`` and ``__aexit__`` from ``STACK[-1]``.
-   Pushes ``__aexit__`` and result of ``__aenter__()`` to the stack::
-
-      STACK.extend((__aexit__, __aenter__())
-
-   .. versionadded:: 3.5
-
-
 
 **Miscellaneous opcodes**
 
@@ -944,21 +967,10 @@ iterations of the loop.
    Pushes :func:`!builtins.__build_class__` onto the stack.  It is later called
    to construct a class.
 
-
-.. opcode:: BEFORE_WITH
-
-   This opcode performs several operations before a with block starts.  First,
-   it loads :meth:`~object.__exit__` from the context manager and pushes it onto
-   the stack for later use by :opcode:`WITH_EXCEPT_START`.  Then,
-   :meth:`~object.__enter__` is called. Finally, the result of calling the
-   ``__enter__()`` method is pushed onto the stack.
-
-   .. versionadded:: 3.11
-
-
 .. opcode:: GET_LEN
 
-   Perform ``STACK.append(len(STACK[-1]))``.
+   Perform ``STACK.append(len(STACK[-1]))``. Used in :keyword:`match` statements where
+   comparison with structure of pattern is needed.
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.10
 
@@ -1103,11 +1115,15 @@ iterations of the loop.
 .. opcode:: BUILD_TUPLE (count)
 
    Creates a tuple consuming *count* items from the stack, and pushes the
-   resulting tuple onto the stack.::
+   resulting tuple onto the stack::
 
-      assert count > 0
-      STACK, values = STACK[:-count], STACK[-count:]
-      STACK.append(tuple(values))
+      if count == 0:
+          value = ()
+      else:
+          value = tuple(STACK[-count:])
+          STACK = STACK[:-count]
+
+      STACK.append(value)
 
 
 .. opcode:: BUILD_LIST (count)
@@ -1131,15 +1147,6 @@ iterations of the loop.
       empty dictionary pre-sized to hold *count* items.
 
 
-.. opcode:: BUILD_CONST_KEY_MAP (count)
-
-   The version of :opcode:`BUILD_MAP` specialized for constant keys. Pops the
-   top element on the stack which contains a tuple of keys, then starting from
-   ``STACK[-2]``, pops *count* values to form values in the built dictionary.
-
-   .. versionadded:: 3.6
-
-
 .. opcode:: BUILD_STRING (count)
 
    Concatenates *count* strings from the stack and pushes the resulting string
@@ -1428,7 +1435,7 @@ iterations of the loop.
    slot ``i`` of the "fast locals" storage in this mapping.
    If the name is not found there, loads it from the cell contained in
    slot ``i``, similar to :opcode:`LOAD_DEREF`. This is used for loading
-   free variables in class bodies (which previously used
+   :term:`closure variables <closure variable>` in class bodies (which previously used
    :opcode:`!LOAD_CLASSDEREF`) and in
    :ref:`annotation scopes <annotation-scopes>` within class bodies.
 
@@ -1457,8 +1464,8 @@ iterations of the loop.
 
 .. opcode:: COPY_FREE_VARS (n)
 
-   Copies the ``n`` free variables from the closure into the frame.
-   Removes the need for special code on the caller's side when calling
+   Copies the ``n`` :term:`free (closure) variables <closure variable>` from the closure
+   into the frame. Removes the need for special code on the caller's side when calling
    closures.
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.11
@@ -1582,7 +1589,7 @@ iterations of the loop.
 
       end = STACK.pop()
       start = STACK.pop()
-      STACK.append(slice(start, stop))
+      STACK.append(slice(start, end))
 
    if it is 3, implements::
 
@@ -1749,7 +1756,7 @@ iterations of the loop.
    | ``INTRINSIC_STOPITERATION_ERROR`` | Extracts the return value from a  |
    |                                   | ``StopIteration`` exception.      |
    +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
-   | ``INTRINSIC_ASYNC_GEN_WRAP``      | Wraps an aync generator value     |
+   | ``INTRINSIC_ASYNC_GEN_WRAP``      | Wraps an async generator value    |
    +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
    | ``INTRINSIC_UNARY_POSITIVE``      | Performs the unary ``+``          |
    |                                   | operation                         |
@@ -1812,6 +1819,17 @@ iterations of the loop.
    .. versionadded:: 3.12
 
 
+.. opcode:: LOAD_SPECIAL
+
+   Performs special method lookup on ``STACK[-1]``.
+   If ``type(STACK[-1]).__xxx__`` is a method, leave
+   ``type(STACK[-1]).__xxx__; STACK[-1]`` on the stack.
+   If ``type(STACK[-1]).__xxx__`` is not a method, leave
+   ``STACK[-1].__xxx__; NULL`` on the stack.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.14
+
+
 **Pseudo-instructions**
 
 These opcodes do not appear in Python bytecode. They are used by the compiler
@@ -1855,6 +1873,12 @@ but are replaced by real opcodes or removed before bytecode is generated.
    Undirected relative jump instructions which are replaced by their
    directed (forward/backward) counterparts by the assembler.
 
+.. opcode:: JUMP_IF_TRUE
+.. opcode:: JUMP_IF_FALSE
+
+   Conditional jumps which do not impact the stack. Replaced by the sequence
+   ``COPY 1``, ``TO_BOOL``, ``POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE/FALSE``.
+
 .. opcode:: LOAD_CLOSURE (i)
 
    Pushes a reference to the cell contained in slot ``i`` of the "fast locals"
@@ -1914,10 +1938,10 @@ instructions:
 
 .. data:: hasfree
 
-   Sequence of bytecodes that access a free variable. 'free' in this
-   context refers to names in the current scope that are referenced by inner
-   scopes or names in outer scopes that are referenced from this scope.  It does
-   *not* include references to global or builtin scopes.
+   Sequence of bytecodes that access a :term:`free (closure) variable <closure variable>`.
+   'free' in this context refers to names in the current scope that are
+   referenced by inner scopes or names in outer scopes that are referenced
+   from this scope.  It does *not* include references to global or builtin scopes.
 
 
 .. data:: hasname
diff --git a/Doc/library/email.compat32-message.rst b/Doc/library/email.compat32-message.rst
index c4c322a82e1f44..4285c436e8da80 100644
--- a/Doc/library/email.compat32-message.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/email.compat32-message.rst
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
    :synopsis: The base class representing email messages in a fashion
               backward compatible with Python 3.2
    :noindex:
+   :no-index:
 
 
 The :class:`Message` class is very similar to the
@@ -104,7 +105,7 @@ Here are the methods of the :class:`Message` class:
 
    .. method:: __str__()
 
-      Equivalent to :meth:`.as_string()`.  Allows ``str(msg)`` to produce a
+      Equivalent to :meth:`.as_string`.  Allows ``str(msg)`` to produce a
       string containing the formatted message.
 
 
@@ -142,7 +143,7 @@ Here are the methods of the :class:`Message` class:
 
    .. method:: __bytes__()
 
-      Equivalent to :meth:`.as_bytes()`.  Allows ``bytes(msg)`` to produce a
+      Equivalent to :meth:`.as_bytes`.  Allows ``bytes(msg)`` to produce a
       bytes object containing the formatted message.
 
       .. versionadded:: 3.4
diff --git a/Doc/library/email.contentmanager.rst b/Doc/library/email.contentmanager.rst
index 34121f8c0a7727..a86e227429b06d 100644
--- a/Doc/library/email.contentmanager.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/email.contentmanager.rst
@@ -58,11 +58,12 @@
       * the type itself (``typ``)
       * the type's fully qualified name (``typ.__module__ + '.' +
         typ.__qualname__``).
-      * the type's qualname (``typ.__qualname__``)
-      * the type's name (``typ.__name__``).
+      * the type's :attr:`qualname <type.__qualname__>` (``typ.__qualname__``)
+      * the type's :attr:`name <type.__name__>` (``typ.__name__``).
 
       If none of the above match, repeat all of the checks above for each of
-      the types in the :term:`MRO` (``typ.__mro__``).  Finally, if no other key
+      the types in the :term:`MRO` (:attr:`typ.__mro__ <type.__mro__>`).
+      Finally, if no other key
       yields a handler, check for a handler for the key ``None``.  If there is
       no handler for ``None``, raise a :exc:`KeyError` for the fully
       qualified name of the type.
diff --git a/Doc/library/email.errors.rst b/Doc/library/email.errors.rst
index 33ab4265116178..f8f43d82a3df2e 100644
--- a/Doc/library/email.errors.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/email.errors.rst
@@ -58,6 +58,13 @@ The following exception classes are defined in the :mod:`email.errors` module:
    :class:`~email.mime.nonmultipart.MIMENonMultipart` (e.g.
    :class:`~email.mime.image.MIMEImage`).
 
+
+.. exception:: HeaderWriteError()
+
+   Raised when an error occurs when the :mod:`~email.generator` outputs
+   headers.
+
+
 .. exception:: MessageDefect()
 
    This is the base class for all defects found when parsing email messages.
diff --git a/Doc/library/email.header.rst b/Doc/library/email.header.rst
index 6e230d5faf1654..219fad0d2f6745 100644
--- a/Doc/library/email.header.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/email.header.rst
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ Here is the :class:`Header` class description:
    The maximum line length can be specified explicitly via *maxlinelen*.  For
    splitting the first line to a shorter value (to account for the field header
    which isn't included in *s*, e.g. :mailheader:`Subject`) pass in the name of the
-   field in *header_name*.  The default *maxlinelen* is 76, and the default value
+   field in *header_name*.  The default *maxlinelen* is 78, and the default value
    for *header_name* is ``None``, meaning it is not taken into account for the
    first line of a long, split header.
 
diff --git a/Doc/library/email.headerregistry.rst b/Doc/library/email.headerregistry.rst
index bcbd00c833e28e..7f8044932fae99 100644
--- a/Doc/library/email.headerregistry.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/email.headerregistry.rst
@@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ variant, :attr:`~.BaseHeader.max_count` is set to 1.
     class.  When *use_default_map* is ``True`` (the default), the standard
     mapping of header names to classes is copied in to the registry during
     initialization.  *base_class* is always the last class in the generated
-    class's ``__bases__`` list.
+    class's :class:`~type.__bases__` list.
 
     The default mappings are:
 
diff --git a/Doc/library/email.message.rst b/Doc/library/email.message.rst
index e9cce1af186526..71d6e321f387bc 100644
--- a/Doc/library/email.message.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/email.message.rst
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ message objects.
 
    .. method:: __bytes__()
 
-      Equivalent to :meth:`.as_bytes()`.  Allows ``bytes(msg)`` to produce a
+      Equivalent to :meth:`.as_bytes`.  Allows ``bytes(msg)`` to produce a
       bytes object containing the serialized message.
 
 
diff --git a/Doc/library/email.policy.rst b/Doc/library/email.policy.rst
index 83feedf728351e..314767d0802a08 100644
--- a/Doc/library/email.policy.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/email.policy.rst
@@ -229,6 +229,24 @@ added matters.  To illustrate::
 
       .. versionadded:: 3.6
 
+
+   .. attribute:: verify_generated_headers
+
+      If ``True`` (the default), the generator will raise
+      :exc:`~email.errors.HeaderWriteError` instead of writing a header
+      that is improperly folded or delimited, such that it would
+      be parsed as multiple headers or joined with adjacent data.
+      Such headers can be generated by custom header classes or bugs
+      in the ``email`` module.
+
+      As it's a security feature, this defaults to ``True`` even in the
+      :class:`~email.policy.Compat32` policy.
+      For backwards compatible, but unsafe, behavior, it must be set to
+      ``False`` explicitly.
+
+      .. versionadded:: 3.13
+
+
    The following :class:`Policy` method is intended to be called by code using
    the email library to create policy instances with custom settings:
 
diff --git a/Doc/library/email.utils.rst b/Doc/library/email.utils.rst
index 43e5b25df01f79..611549604fda15 100644
--- a/Doc/library/email.utils.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/email.utils.rst
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ of the new API.
 
       Fri, 09 Nov 2001 01:08:47 -0000
 
-   Optional *timeval* if given is a floating point time value as accepted by
+   Optional *timeval* if given is a floating-point time value as accepted by
    :func:`time.gmtime` and :func:`time.localtime`, otherwise the current time is
    used.
 
diff --git a/Doc/library/ensurepip.rst b/Doc/library/ensurepip.rst
index 518a2940edcf69..8dfb7ad9c95c3e 100644
--- a/Doc/library/ensurepip.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/ensurepip.rst
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ when creating a virtual environment) or after explicitly uninstalling
    :pep:`453`: Explicit bootstrapping of pip in Python installations
       The original rationale and specification for this module.
 
-.. include:: ../includes/wasm-ios-notavail.rst
+.. include:: ../includes/wasm-mobile-notavail.rst
 
 Command line interface
 ----------------------
diff --git a/Doc/library/enum.rst b/Doc/library/enum.rst
index 8c604c2347a547..242b2436439903 100644
--- a/Doc/library/enum.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/enum.rst
@@ -527,7 +527,7 @@ Data Types
 
    ``Flag`` is the same as :class:`Enum`, but its members support the bitwise
    operators ``&`` (*AND*), ``|`` (*OR*), ``^`` (*XOR*), and ``~`` (*INVERT*);
-   the results of those operators are members of the enumeration.
+   the results of those operations are (aliases of) members of the enumeration.
 
    .. method:: __contains__(self, value)
 
@@ -570,6 +570,8 @@ Data Types
          >>> len(white)
          3
 
+      .. versionadded:: 3.11
+
    .. method:: __bool__(self):
 
       Returns *True* if any members in flag, *False* otherwise::
@@ -629,7 +631,7 @@ Data Types
       of two, starting with ``1``.
 
    .. versionchanged:: 3.11 The *repr()* of zero-valued flags has changed.  It
-      is now::
+      is now:
 
          >>> Color(0) # doctest: +SKIP
          <Color: 0>
@@ -661,7 +663,7 @@ Data Types
    * the result is a valid *IntFlag*: an *IntFlag* is returned
    * the result is not a valid *IntFlag*: the result depends on the :class:`FlagBoundary` setting
 
-   The :func:`repr()` of unnamed zero-valued flags has changed.  It is now:
+   The :func:`repr` of unnamed zero-valued flags has changed.  It is now:
 
       >>> Color(0)
       <Color: 0>
diff --git a/Doc/library/exceptions.rst b/Doc/library/exceptions.rst
index 7910b306f143d7..b5ba86f1b19223 100644
--- a/Doc/library/exceptions.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/exceptions.rst
@@ -412,8 +412,8 @@ The following exceptions are the exceptions that are usually raised.
    represented.  This cannot occur for integers (which would rather raise
    :exc:`MemoryError` than give up).  However, for historical reasons,
    OverflowError is sometimes raised for integers that are outside a required
-   range.   Because of the lack of standardization of floating point exception
-   handling in C, most floating point operations are not checked.
+   range.   Because of the lack of standardization of floating-point exception
+   handling in C, most floating-point operations are not checked.
 
 
 .. exception:: PythonFinalizationError
diff --git a/Doc/library/filecmp.rst b/Doc/library/filecmp.rst
index 2a0670ffcc2cbc..282d0e0d8db5cf 100644
--- a/Doc/library/filecmp.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/filecmp.rst
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ The :mod:`filecmp` module defines the following functions:
 The :class:`dircmp` class
 -------------------------
 
-.. class:: dircmp(a, b, ignore=None, hide=None, shallow=True)
+.. class:: dircmp(a, b, ignore=None, hide=None, *, shallow=True)
 
    Construct a new directory comparison object, to compare the directories *a*
    and *b*.  *ignore* is a list of names to ignore, and defaults to
diff --git a/Doc/library/fileinput.rst b/Doc/library/fileinput.rst
index 94a4139f64c2e4..8f32b11e565365 100644
--- a/Doc/library/fileinput.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/fileinput.rst
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ Lines are returned with any newlines intact, which means that the last line in
 a file may not have one.
 
 You can control how files are opened by providing an opening hook via the
-*openhook* parameter to :func:`fileinput.input` or :class:`FileInput()`. The
+*openhook* parameter to :func:`fileinput.input` or :func:`FileInput`. The
 hook must be a function that takes two arguments, *filename* and *mode*, and
 returns an accordingly opened file-like object. If *encoding* and/or *errors*
 are specified, they will be passed to the hook as additional keyword arguments.
diff --git a/Doc/library/fractions.rst b/Doc/library/fractions.rst
index 552d6030b1ceda..fc7f9a6301a915 100644
--- a/Doc/library/fractions.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/fractions.rst
@@ -17,25 +17,30 @@ The :mod:`fractions` module provides support for rational number arithmetic.
 A Fraction instance can be constructed from a pair of integers, from
 another rational number, or from a string.
 
+.. index:: single: as_integer_ratio()
+
 .. class:: Fraction(numerator=0, denominator=1)
-           Fraction(other_fraction)
-           Fraction(float)
-           Fraction(decimal)
+           Fraction(number)
            Fraction(string)
 
    The first version requires that *numerator* and *denominator* are instances
    of :class:`numbers.Rational` and returns a new :class:`Fraction` instance
    with value ``numerator/denominator``. If *denominator* is ``0``, it
-   raises a :exc:`ZeroDivisionError`. The second version requires that
-   *other_fraction* is an instance of :class:`numbers.Rational` and returns a
-   :class:`Fraction` instance with the same value.  The next two versions accept
-   either a :class:`float` or a :class:`decimal.Decimal` instance, and return a
-   :class:`Fraction` instance with exactly the same value.  Note that due to the
-   usual issues with binary floating-point (see :ref:`tut-fp-issues`), the
+   raises a :exc:`ZeroDivisionError`.
+
+   The second version requires that *number* is an instance of
+   :class:`numbers.Rational` or has the :meth:`!as_integer_ratio` method
+   (this includes :class:`float` and :class:`decimal.Decimal`).
+   It returns a :class:`Fraction` instance with exactly the same value.
+   Assumed, that the :meth:`!as_integer_ratio` method returns a pair
+   of coprime integers and last one is positive.
+   Note that due to the
+   usual issues with binary point (see :ref:`tut-fp-issues`), the
    argument to ``Fraction(1.1)`` is not exactly equal to 11/10, and so
    ``Fraction(1.1)`` does *not* return ``Fraction(11, 10)`` as one might expect.
    (But see the documentation for the :meth:`limit_denominator` method below.)
-   The last version of the constructor expects a string or unicode instance.
+
+   The last version of the constructor expects a string.
    The usual form for this instance is::
 
       [sign] numerator ['/' denominator]
@@ -87,7 +92,7 @@ another rational number, or from a string.
 
    .. versionchanged:: 3.9
       The :func:`math.gcd` function is now used to normalize the *numerator*
-      and *denominator*. :func:`math.gcd` always return a :class:`int` type.
+      and *denominator*. :func:`math.gcd` always returns an :class:`int` type.
       Previously, the GCD type depended on *numerator* and *denominator*.
 
    .. versionchanged:: 3.11
@@ -110,6 +115,10 @@ another rational number, or from a string.
       Formatting of :class:`Fraction` instances without a presentation type
       now supports fill, alignment, sign handling, minimum width and grouping.
 
+   .. versionchanged:: 3.14
+      The :class:`Fraction` constructor now accepts any objects with the
+      :meth:`!as_integer_ratio` method.
+
    .. attribute:: numerator
 
       Numerator of the Fraction in lowest term.
@@ -157,6 +166,16 @@ another rational number, or from a string.
          instance.
 
 
+   .. classmethod:: from_number(number)
+
+      Alternative constructor which only accepts instances of
+      :class:`numbers.Integral`, :class:`numbers.Rational`,
+      :class:`float` or :class:`decimal.Decimal`, and objects with
+      the :meth:`!as_integer_ratio` method, but not strings.
+
+      .. versionadded:: 3.14
+
+
    .. method:: limit_denominator(max_denominator=1000000)
 
       Finds and returns the closest :class:`Fraction` to ``self`` that has
diff --git a/Doc/library/ftplib.rst b/Doc/library/ftplib.rst
index 8c39dc00f5db02..bb15322067245e 100644
--- a/Doc/library/ftplib.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/ftplib.rst
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ FTP objects
       Retrieve a file in binary transfer mode.
 
       :param str cmd:
-        An appropriate ``STOR`` command: :samp:`"STOR {filename}"`.
+        An appropriate ``RETR`` command: :samp:`"RETR {filename}"`.
 
       :param callback:
          A single parameter callable that is called
diff --git a/Doc/library/functions.rst b/Doc/library/functions.rst
index 1d82f92ea67857..290c63827ff766 100644
--- a/Doc/library/functions.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/functions.rst
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ are always available.  They are listed here in alphabetical order.
 .. function:: abs(x)
 
    Return the absolute value of a number.  The argument may be an
-   integer, a floating point number, or an object implementing
+   integer, a floating-point number, or an object implementing
    :meth:`~object.__abs__`.
    If the argument is a complex number, its magnitude is returned.
 
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ are always available.  They are listed here in alphabetical order.
    This function drops you into the debugger at the call site.  Specifically,
    it calls :func:`sys.breakpointhook`, passing ``args`` and ``kws`` straight
    through.  By default, ``sys.breakpointhook()`` calls
-   :func:`pdb.set_trace()` expecting no arguments.  In this case, it is
+   :func:`pdb.set_trace` expecting no arguments.  In this case, it is
    purely a convenience function so you don't have to explicitly import
    :mod:`pdb` or type as much code to enter the debugger.  However,
    :func:`sys.breakpointhook` can be set to some other function and
@@ -283,9 +283,11 @@ are always available.  They are listed here in alphabetical order.
       :func:`property`.
 
    .. versionchanged:: 3.10
-      Class methods now inherit the method attributes (``__module__``,
-      ``__name__``, ``__qualname__``, ``__doc__`` and ``__annotations__``) and
-      have a new ``__wrapped__`` attribute.
+      Class methods now inherit the method attributes
+      (:attr:`~function.__module__`, :attr:`~function.__name__`,
+      :attr:`~function.__qualname__`, :attr:`~function.__doc__` and
+      :attr:`~function.__annotations__`) and have a new ``__wrapped__``
+      attribute.
 
    .. deprecated-removed:: 3.11 3.13
       Class methods can no longer wrap other :term:`descriptors <descriptor>` such as
@@ -438,6 +440,8 @@ are always available.  They are listed here in alphabetical order.
    If one of arguments is a real number, only its real component is used in
    the above expressions.
 
+   See also :meth:`complex.from_number` which only accepts a single numeric argument.
+
    If all arguments are omitted, returns ``0j``.
 
    The complex type is described in :ref:`typesnumeric`.
@@ -542,7 +546,7 @@ are always available.  They are listed here in alphabetical order.
    Take two (non-complex) numbers as arguments and return a pair of numbers
    consisting of their quotient and remainder when using integer division.  With
    mixed operand types, the rules for binary arithmetic operators apply.  For
-   integers, the result is the same as ``(a // b, a % b)``. For floating point
+   integers, the result is the same as ``(a // b, a % b)``. For floating-point
    numbers the result is ``(q, a % b)``, where *q* is usually ``math.floor(a /
    b)`` but may be 1 less than that.  In any case ``q * b + a % b`` is very
    close to *a*, if ``a % b`` is non-zero it has the same sign as *b*, and ``0
@@ -680,9 +684,10 @@ are always available.  They are listed here in alphabetical order.
    ``__builtins__`` dictionary into *globals* before passing it to :func:`exec`.
 
    The *closure* argument specifies a closure--a tuple of cellvars.
-   It's only valid when the *object* is a code object containing free variables.
-   The length of the tuple must exactly match the number of free variables
-   referenced by the code object.
+   It's only valid when the *object* is a code object containing
+   :term:`free (closure) variables <closure variable>`.
+   The length of the tuple must exactly match the length of the code object's
+   :attr:`~codeobject.co_freevars` attribute.
 
    .. audit-event:: exec code_object exec
 
@@ -738,7 +743,7 @@ are always available.  They are listed here in alphabetical order.
       single: NaN
       single: Infinity
 
-   Return a floating point number constructed from a number or a string.
+   Return a floating-point number constructed from a number or a string.
 
    Examples:
 
@@ -779,8 +784,8 @@ are always available.  They are listed here in alphabetical order.
    Case is not significant, so, for example, "inf", "Inf", "INFINITY", and
    "iNfINity" are all acceptable spellings for positive infinity.
 
-   Otherwise, if the argument is an integer or a floating point number, a
-   floating point number with the same value (within Python's floating point
+   Otherwise, if the argument is an integer or a floating-point number, a
+   floating-point number with the same value (within Python's floating-point
    precision) is returned.  If the argument is outside the range of a Python
    float, an :exc:`OverflowError` will be raised.
 
@@ -788,6 +793,8 @@ are always available.  They are listed here in alphabetical order.
    ``x.__float__()``.  If :meth:`~object.__float__` is not defined then it falls back
    to :meth:`~object.__index__`.
 
+   See also :meth:`float.from_number` which only accepts a numeric argument.
+
    If no argument is given, ``0.0`` is returned.
 
    The float type is described in :ref:`typesnumeric`.
@@ -1006,7 +1013,7 @@ are always available.  They are listed here in alphabetical order.
    If the argument defines :meth:`~object.__int__`,
    ``int(x)`` returns ``x.__int__()``.  If the argument defines
    :meth:`~object.__index__`, it returns ``x.__index__()``.
-   For floating point numbers, this truncates towards zero.
+   For floating-point numbers, this truncates towards zero.
 
    If the argument is not a number or if *base* is given, then it must be a string,
    :class:`bytes`, or :class:`bytearray` instance representing an integer
@@ -1282,8 +1289,9 @@ are always available.  They are listed here in alphabetical order.
 
    .. note::
 
-      :class:`object` does *not* have a :attr:`~object.__dict__`, so you can't
-      assign arbitrary attributes to an instance of the :class:`object` class.
+      :class:`object` instances do *not* have :attr:`~object.__dict__`
+      attributes, so you can't assign arbitrary attributes to an instance of
+      :class:`object`.
 
 
 .. function:: oct(x)
@@ -1332,7 +1340,7 @@ are always available.  They are listed here in alphabetical order.
    (which on *some* Unix systems, means that *all* writes append to the end of
    the file regardless of the current seek position).  In text mode, if
    *encoding* is not specified the encoding used is platform-dependent:
-   :func:`locale.getencoding()` is called to get the current locale encoding.
+   :func:`locale.getencoding` is called to get the current locale encoding.
    (For reading and writing raw bytes use binary mode and leave
    *encoding* unspecified.)  The available modes are:
 
@@ -1505,7 +1513,7 @@ are always available.  They are listed here in alphabetical order.
    (where :func:`open` is declared), :mod:`os`, :mod:`os.path`, :mod:`tempfile`,
    and :mod:`shutil`.
 
-   .. audit-event:: open file,mode,flags open
+   .. audit-event:: open path,mode,flags open
 
    The ``mode`` and ``flags`` arguments may have been modified or inferred from
    the original call.
@@ -1696,6 +1704,13 @@ are always available.  They are listed here in alphabetical order.
    .. versionchanged:: 3.5
       The docstrings of property objects are now writeable.
 
+   .. attribute:: __name__
+
+      Attribute holding the name of the property. The name of the property
+      can be changed at runtime.
+
+      .. versionadded:: 3.13
+
 
 .. _func-range:
 .. class:: range(stop)
@@ -1896,10 +1911,11 @@ are always available.  They are listed here in alphabetical order.
    For more information on static methods, see :ref:`types`.
 
    .. versionchanged:: 3.10
-      Static methods now inherit the method attributes (``__module__``,
-      ``__name__``, ``__qualname__``, ``__doc__`` and ``__annotations__``),
-      have a new ``__wrapped__`` attribute, and are now callable as regular
-      functions.
+      Static methods now inherit the method attributes
+      (:attr:`~function.__module__`, :attr:`~function.__name__`,
+      :attr:`~function.__qualname__`, :attr:`~function.__doc__` and
+      :attr:`~function.__annotations__`), have a new ``__wrapped__`` attribute,
+      and are now callable as regular functions.
 
 
 .. index::
@@ -1924,7 +1940,7 @@ are always available.  They are listed here in alphabetical order.
 
    For some use cases, there are good alternatives to :func:`sum`.
    The preferred, fast way to concatenate a sequence of strings is by calling
-   ``''.join(sequence)``.  To add floating point values with extended precision,
+   ``''.join(sequence)``.  To add floating-point values with extended precision,
    see :func:`math.fsum`\.  To concatenate a series of iterables, consider using
    :func:`itertools.chain`.
 
@@ -1934,6 +1950,10 @@ are always available.  They are listed here in alphabetical order.
    .. versionchanged:: 3.12 Summation of floats switched to an algorithm
       that gives higher accuracy and better commutativity on most builds.
 
+   .. versionchanged:: 3.14
+      Added specialization for summation of complexes,
+      using same algorithm as for summation of floats.
+
 
 .. class:: super()
            super(type, object_or_type=None)
@@ -1946,14 +1966,14 @@ are always available.  They are listed here in alphabetical order.
    to be searched.  The search starts from the class right after the
    *type*.
 
-   For example, if :attr:`~class.__mro__` of *object_or_type* is
+   For example, if :attr:`~type.__mro__` of *object_or_type* is
    ``D -> B -> C -> A -> object`` and the value of *type* is ``B``,
    then :func:`super` searches ``C -> A -> object``.
 
-   The :attr:`~class.__mro__` attribute of the *object_or_type* lists the method
-   resolution search order used by both :func:`getattr` and :func:`super`.  The
-   attribute is dynamic and can change whenever the inheritance hierarchy is
-   updated.
+   The :attr:`~type.__mro__` attribute of the class corresponding to
+   *object_or_type* lists the method resolution search order used by both
+   :func:`getattr` and :func:`super`.  The attribute is dynamic and can change
+   whenever the inheritance hierarchy is updated.
 
    If the second argument is omitted, the super object returned is unbound.  If
    the second argument is an object, ``isinstance(obj, type)`` must be true.  If
@@ -2012,6 +2032,10 @@ are always available.  They are listed here in alphabetical order.
    :func:`super`, see `guide to using super()
    <https://rhettinger.wordpress.com/2011/05/26/super-considered-super/>`_.
 
+   .. versionchanged:: 3.14
+     :class:`super` objects are now :mod:`pickleable <pickle>` and
+      :mod:`copyable <copy>`.
+
 
 .. _func-tuple:
 .. class:: tuple()
@@ -2029,28 +2053,30 @@ are always available.  They are listed here in alphabetical order.
 
    With one argument, return the type of an *object*.  The return value is a
    type object and generally the same object as returned by
-   :attr:`object.__class__ <instance.__class__>`.
+   :attr:`object.__class__`.
 
    The :func:`isinstance` built-in function is recommended for testing the type
    of an object, because it takes subclasses into account.
 
-
    With three arguments, return a new type object.  This is essentially a
    dynamic form of the :keyword:`class` statement. The *name* string is
-   the class name and becomes the :attr:`~definition.__name__` attribute.
+   the class name and becomes the :attr:`~type.__name__` attribute.
    The *bases* tuple contains the base classes and becomes the
-   :attr:`~class.__bases__` attribute; if empty, :class:`object`, the
+   :attr:`~type.__bases__` attribute; if empty, :class:`object`, the
    ultimate base of all classes, is added.  The *dict* dictionary contains
    attribute and method definitions for the class body; it may be copied
-   or wrapped before becoming the :attr:`~object.__dict__` attribute.
-   The following two statements create identical :class:`type` objects:
+   or wrapped before becoming the :attr:`~type.__dict__` attribute.
+   The following two statements create identical :class:`!type` objects:
 
       >>> class X:
       ...     a = 1
       ...
       >>> X = type('X', (), dict(a=1))
 
-   See also :ref:`bltin-type-objects`.
+   See also:
+
+   * :ref:`Documentation on attributes and methods on classes <class-attrs-and-methods>`.
+   * :ref:`bltin-type-objects`
 
    Keyword arguments provided to the three argument form are passed to the
    appropriate metaclass machinery (usually :meth:`~object.__init_subclass__`)
@@ -2060,18 +2086,18 @@ are always available.  They are listed here in alphabetical order.
    See also :ref:`class-customization`.
 
    .. versionchanged:: 3.6
-      Subclasses of :class:`type` which don't override ``type.__new__`` may no
+      Subclasses of :class:`!type` which don't override ``type.__new__`` may no
       longer use the one-argument form to get the type of an object.
 
 .. function:: vars()
               vars(object)
 
    Return the :attr:`~object.__dict__` attribute for a module, class, instance,
-   or any other object with a :attr:`~object.__dict__` attribute.
+   or any other object with a :attr:`!__dict__` attribute.
 
    Objects such as modules and instances have an updateable :attr:`~object.__dict__`
    attribute; however, other objects may have write restrictions on their
-   :attr:`~object.__dict__` attributes (for example, classes use a
+   :attr:`!__dict__` attributes (for example, classes use a
    :class:`types.MappingProxyType` to prevent direct dictionary updates).
 
    Without an argument, :func:`vars` acts like :func:`locals`.
diff --git a/Doc/library/functools.rst b/Doc/library/functools.rst
index 9d5c72802a21f2..e26a2226aa947a 100644
--- a/Doc/library/functools.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/functools.rst
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ The :mod:`functools` module defines the following functions:
    Returns the same as ``lru_cache(maxsize=None)``, creating a thin
    wrapper around a dictionary lookup for the function arguments.  Because it
    never needs to evict old values, this is smaller and faster than
-   :func:`lru_cache()` with a size limit.
+   :func:`lru_cache` with a size limit.
 
    For example::
 
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ The :mod:`functools` module defines the following functions:
    cache.  See :ref:`faq-cache-method-calls`
 
    An `LRU (least recently used) cache
-   <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cache_replacement_policies#Least_recently_used_(LRU)>`_
+   <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cache_replacement_policies#Least_Recently_Used_(LRU)>`_
    works best when the most recent calls are the best predictors of upcoming
    calls (for example, the most popular articles on a news server tend to
    change each day).  The cache's size limit assures that the cache does not
@@ -328,6 +328,14 @@ The :mod:`functools` module defines the following functions:
       Returning ``NotImplemented`` from the underlying comparison function for
       unrecognised types is now supported.
 
+.. data:: Placeholder
+
+   A singleton object used as a sentinel to reserve a place
+   for positional arguments when calling :func:`partial`
+   and :func:`partialmethod`.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.14
+
 .. function:: partial(func, /, *args, **keywords)
 
    Return a new :ref:`partial object<partial-objects>` which when called
@@ -338,26 +346,68 @@ The :mod:`functools` module defines the following functions:
    Roughly equivalent to::
 
       def partial(func, /, *args, **keywords):
-          def newfunc(*fargs, **fkeywords):
-              newkeywords = {**keywords, **fkeywords}
-              return func(*args, *fargs, **newkeywords)
+          def newfunc(*more_args, **more_keywords):
+              return func(*args, *more_args, **(keywords | more_keywords))
           newfunc.func = func
           newfunc.args = args
           newfunc.keywords = keywords
           return newfunc
 
-   The :func:`partial` is used for partial function application which "freezes"
+   The :func:`!partial` function is used for partial function application which "freezes"
    some portion of a function's arguments and/or keywords resulting in a new object
    with a simplified signature.  For example, :func:`partial` can be used to create
    a callable that behaves like the :func:`int` function where the *base* argument
-   defaults to two:
+   defaults to ``2``:
+
+   .. doctest::
 
-      >>> from functools import partial
       >>> basetwo = partial(int, base=2)
       >>> basetwo.__doc__ = 'Convert base 2 string to an int.'
       >>> basetwo('10010')
       18
 
+   If :data:`Placeholder` sentinels are present in *args*, they will be filled first
+   when :func:`!partial` is called. This makes it possible to pre-fill any positional
+   argument with a call to :func:`!partial`; without :data:`!Placeholder`, only the
+   first positional argument can be pre-filled.
+
+   If any :data:`!Placeholder` sentinels are present, all must be filled at call time:
+
+   .. doctest::
+
+      >>> say_to_world = partial(print, Placeholder, Placeholder, "world!")
+      >>> say_to_world('Hello', 'dear')
+      Hello dear world!
+
+   Calling ``say_to_world('Hello')`` raises a :exc:`TypeError`, because
+   only one positional argument is provided, but there are two placeholders
+   that must be filled in.
+
+   If :func:`!partial` is applied to an existing :func:`!partial` object,
+   :data:`!Placeholder` sentinels of the input object are filled in with
+   new positional arguments.
+   A placeholder can be retained by inserting a new
+   :data:`!Placeholder` sentinel to the place held by a previous :data:`!Placeholder`:
+
+   .. doctest::
+
+      >>> from functools import partial, Placeholder as _
+      >>> remove = partial(str.replace, _, _, '')
+      >>> message = 'Hello, dear dear world!'
+      >>> remove(message, ' dear')
+      'Hello, world!'
+      >>> remove_dear = partial(remove, _, ' dear')
+      >>> remove_dear(message)
+      'Hello, world!'
+      >>> remove_first_dear = partial(remove_dear, _, 1)
+      >>> remove_first_dear(message)
+      'Hello, dear world!'
+
+   :data:`!Placeholder` has no special treatment when used in a keyword
+   argument to :func:`!partial`.
+
+   .. versionchanged:: 3.14
+      Added support for :data:`Placeholder` in positional arguments.
 
 .. class:: partialmethod(func, /, *args, **keywords)
 
@@ -492,6 +542,25 @@ The :mod:`functools` module defines the following functions:
      ...     print(arg.real, arg.imag)
      ...
 
+   For code that dispatches on a collections type (e.g., ``list``), but wants
+   to typehint the items of the collection (e.g., ``list[int]``), the
+   dispatch type should be passed explicitly to the decorator itself with the
+   typehint going into the function definition::
+
+     >>> @fun.register(list)
+     ... def _(arg: list[int], verbose=False):
+     ...     if verbose:
+     ...         print("Enumerate this:")
+     ...     for i, elem in enumerate(arg):
+     ...         print(i, elem)
+
+   .. note::
+
+      At runtime the function will dispatch on an instance of a list regardless
+      of the type contained within the list i.e. ``[1,2,3]`` will be
+      dispatched the same as ``["foo", "bar", "baz"]``. The annotation
+      provided in this example is for static type checkers only and has no
+      runtime impact.
 
    To enable registering :term:`lambdas<lambda>` and pre-existing functions,
    the :func:`register` attribute can also be used in a functional form::
@@ -646,10 +715,11 @@ The :mod:`functools` module defines the following functions:
    attributes of the wrapper function are updated with the corresponding attributes
    from the original function. The default values for these arguments are the
    module level constants ``WRAPPER_ASSIGNMENTS`` (which assigns to the wrapper
-   function's ``__module__``, ``__name__``, ``__qualname__``, ``__annotations__``,
-   ``__type_params__``, and ``__doc__``, the documentation string)
-   and ``WRAPPER_UPDATES`` (which
-   updates the wrapper function's ``__dict__``, i.e. the instance dictionary).
+   function's :attr:`~function.__module__`, :attr:`~function.__name__`,
+   :attr:`~function.__qualname__`, :attr:`~function.__annotations__`,
+   :attr:`~function.__type_params__`, and :attr:`~function.__doc__`, the
+   documentation string) and ``WRAPPER_UPDATES`` (which updates the wrapper
+   function's :attr:`~function.__dict__`, i.e. the instance dictionary).
 
    To allow access to the original function for introspection and other purposes
    (e.g. bypassing a caching decorator such as :func:`lru_cache`), this function
@@ -670,7 +740,7 @@ The :mod:`functools` module defines the following functions:
 
    .. versionchanged:: 3.2
       The ``__wrapped__`` attribute is now automatically added.
-      The ``__annotations__`` attribute is now copied by default.
+      The :attr:`~function.__annotations__` attribute is now copied by default.
       Missing attributes no longer trigger an :exc:`AttributeError`.
 
    .. versionchanged:: 3.4
@@ -679,7 +749,7 @@ The :mod:`functools` module defines the following functions:
       (see :issue:`17482`)
 
    .. versionchanged:: 3.12
-      The ``__type_params__`` attribute is now copied by default.
+      The :attr:`~function.__type_params__` attribute is now copied by default.
 
 
 .. decorator:: wraps(wrapped, assigned=WRAPPER_ASSIGNMENTS, updated=WRAPPER_UPDATES)
@@ -741,9 +811,7 @@ have three read-only attributes:
    The keyword arguments that will be supplied when the :class:`partial` object is
    called.
 
-:class:`partial` objects are like :class:`function` objects in that they are
+:class:`partial` objects are like :ref:`function objects <user-defined-funcs>` in that they are
 callable, weak referenceable, and can have attributes.  There are some important
-differences.  For instance, the :attr:`~definition.__name__` and :attr:`__doc__` attributes
-are not created automatically.  Also, :class:`partial` objects defined in
-classes behave like static methods and do not transform into bound methods
-during instance attribute look-up.
+differences.  For instance, the :attr:`~definition.__name__` and :attr:`~definition.__doc__` attributes
+are not created automatically.
diff --git a/Doc/library/gc.rst b/Doc/library/gc.rst
index 790dfdfd00b196..1065ec30802841 100644
--- a/Doc/library/gc.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/gc.rst
@@ -40,11 +40,18 @@ The :mod:`gc` module provides the following functions:
 
 .. function:: collect(generation=2)
 
-   With no arguments, run a full collection.  The optional argument *generation*
+   Perform a collection.  The optional argument *generation*
    may be an integer specifying which generation to collect (from 0 to 2).  A
-   :exc:`ValueError` is raised if the generation number  is invalid. The sum of
+   :exc:`ValueError` is raised if the generation number is invalid. The sum of
    collected objects and uncollectable objects is returned.
 
+   Calling ``gc.collect(0)`` will perform a GC collection on the young generation.
+
+   Calling ``gc.collect(1)`` will perform a GC collection on the young generation
+   and an increment of the old generation.
+
+   Calling ``gc.collect(2)`` or ``gc.collect()`` performs a full collection
+
    The free lists maintained for a number of built-in types are cleared
    whenever a full collection or collection of the highest generation (2)
    is run.  Not all items in some free lists may be freed due to the
@@ -53,6 +60,9 @@ The :mod:`gc` module provides the following functions:
    The effect of calling ``gc.collect()`` while the interpreter is already
    performing a collection is undefined.
 
+   .. versionchanged:: 3.13
+      ``generation=1`` performs an increment of collection.
+
 
 .. function:: set_debug(flags)
 
@@ -68,13 +78,20 @@ The :mod:`gc` module provides the following functions:
 
 .. function:: get_objects(generation=None)
 
+
    Returns a list of all objects tracked by the collector, excluding the list
-   returned. If *generation* is not ``None``, return only the objects tracked by
-   the collector that are in that generation.
+   returned. If *generation* is not ``None``, return only the objects as follows:
+
+   * 0: All objects in the young generation
+   * 1: No objects, as there is no generation 1 (as of Python 3.13)
+   * 2: All objects in the old generation
 
    .. versionchanged:: 3.8
       New *generation* parameter.
 
+   .. versionchanged:: 3.13
+      Generation 1 is removed
+
    .. audit-event:: gc.get_objects generation gc.get_objects
 
 .. function:: get_stats()
@@ -101,19 +118,27 @@ The :mod:`gc` module provides the following functions:
    Set the garbage collection thresholds (the collection frequency). Setting
    *threshold0* to zero disables collection.
 
-   The GC classifies objects into three generations depending on how many
-   collection sweeps they have survived.  New objects are placed in the youngest
-   generation (generation ``0``).  If an object survives a collection it is moved
-   into the next older generation.  Since generation ``2`` is the oldest
-   generation, objects in that generation remain there after a collection.  In
-   order to decide when to run, the collector keeps track of the number object
+   The GC classifies objects into two generations depending on whether they have
+   survived a collection. New objects are placed in the young generation. If an
+   object survives a collection it is moved into the old generation.
+
+   In order to decide when to run, the collector keeps track of the number of object
    allocations and deallocations since the last collection.  When the number of
    allocations minus the number of deallocations exceeds *threshold0*, collection
-   starts.  Initially only generation ``0`` is examined.  If generation ``0`` has
-   been examined more than *threshold1* times since generation ``1`` has been
-   examined, then generation ``1`` is examined as well.
-   With the third generation, things are a bit more complicated,
-   see `Collecting the oldest generation <https://devguide.python.org/garbage_collector/#collecting-the-oldest-generation>`_ for more information.
+   starts. For each collection, all the objects in the young generation and some
+   fraction of the old generation is collected.
+
+   The fraction of the old generation that is collected is **inversely** proportional
+   to *threshold1*. The larger *threshold1* is, the slower objects in the old generation
+   are collected.
+   For the default value of 10, 1% of the old generation is scanned during each collection.
+
+   *threshold2* is ignored.
+
+   See `Garbage collector design <https://devguide.python.org/garbage_collector>`_ for more information.
+
+   .. versionchanged:: 3.13
+      *threshold2* is ignored
 
 
 .. function:: get_count()
diff --git a/Doc/library/getpass.rst b/Doc/library/getpass.rst
index 9d67250033df81..3b5296f9ec66fa 100644
--- a/Doc/library/getpass.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/getpass.rst
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ The :mod:`getpass` module provides two functions:
    systems which support the :mod:`pwd` module, otherwise, an :exc:`OSError`
    is raised.
 
-   In general, this function should be preferred over :func:`os.getlogin()`.
+   In general, this function should be preferred over :func:`os.getlogin`.
 
    .. versionchanged:: 3.13
       Previously, various exceptions beyond just :exc:`OSError` were raised.
diff --git a/Doc/library/grp.rst b/Doc/library/grp.rst
index 30caea328baa79..d1c7f22a209780 100644
--- a/Doc/library/grp.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/grp.rst
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 This module provides access to the Unix group database. It is available on all
 Unix versions.
 
-.. availability:: Unix, not WASI, not iOS.
+.. availability:: Unix, not WASI, not Android, not iOS.
 
 Group database entries are reported as a tuple-like object, whose attributes
 correspond to the members of the ``group`` structure (Attribute field below, see
diff --git a/Doc/library/gzip.rst b/Doc/library/gzip.rst
index 965da5981f6dbc..f24e73517e5767 100644
--- a/Doc/library/gzip.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/gzip.rst
@@ -184,13 +184,12 @@ The module defines the following items:
       attribute instead.
 
 
-.. function:: compress(data, compresslevel=9, *, mtime=None)
+.. function:: compress(data, compresslevel=9, *, mtime=0)
 
    Compress the *data*, returning a :class:`bytes` object containing
    the compressed data.  *compresslevel* and *mtime* have the same meaning as in
-   the :class:`GzipFile` constructor above. When *mtime* is set to ``0``, this
-   function is equivalent to :func:`zlib.compress` with *wbits* set to ``31``.
-   The zlib function is faster.
+   the :class:`GzipFile` constructor above,
+   but *mtime* defaults to 0 for reproducible output.
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.2
    .. versionchanged:: 3.8
@@ -198,7 +197,17 @@ The module defines the following items:
    .. versionchanged:: 3.11
       Speed is improved by compressing all data at once instead of in a
       streamed fashion. Calls with *mtime* set to ``0`` are delegated to
-      :func:`zlib.compress` for better speed.
+      :func:`zlib.compress` for better speed. In this situation the
+      output may contain a gzip header "OS" byte value other than 255
+      "unknown" as supplied by the underlying zlib implementation.
+
+   .. versionchanged:: 3.13
+      The gzip header OS byte is guaranteed to be set to 255 when this function
+      is used as was the case in 3.10 and earlier.
+   .. versionchanged:: 3.14
+      The *mtime* parameter now defaults to 0 for reproducible output.
+      For the previous behaviour of using the current time,
+      pass ``None`` to *mtime*.
 
 .. function:: decompress(data)
 
diff --git a/Doc/library/hashlib.rst b/Doc/library/hashlib.rst
index 5d24b77e13bfce..dffb167c74771f 100644
--- a/Doc/library/hashlib.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/hashlib.rst
@@ -655,7 +655,7 @@ on the hash function used in digital signatures.
     by the signer.
 
     (`NIST SP-800-106 "Randomized Hashing for Digital Signatures"
-    <https://csrc.nist.gov/publications/detail/sp/800-106/archive/2009-02-25>`_)
+    <https://csrc.nist.gov/pubs/sp/800/106/final>`_)
 
 In BLAKE2 the salt is processed as a one-time input to the hash function during
 initialization, rather than as an input to each compression function.
@@ -809,8 +809,8 @@ Domain Dedication 1.0 Universal:
 .. _NIST-SP-800-132: https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/Legacy/SP/nistspecialpublication800-132.pdf
 .. _stackexchange pbkdf2 iterations question: https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/3959/recommended-of-iterations-when-using-pbkdf2-sha256/
 .. _Attacks on cryptographic hash algorithms: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptographic_hash_function#Attacks_on_cryptographic_hash_algorithms
-.. _the FIPS 180-4 standard: https://csrc.nist.gov/publications/detail/fips/180/4/final
-.. _the FIPS 202 standard: https://csrc.nist.gov/publications/detail/fips/202/final
+.. _the FIPS 180-4 standard: https://csrc.nist.gov/pubs/fips/180-4/upd1/final
+.. _the FIPS 202 standard: https://csrc.nist.gov/pubs/fips/202/final
 .. _HACL\* project: https://github.com/hacl-star/hacl-star
 
 
@@ -827,7 +827,7 @@ Domain Dedication 1.0 Universal:
    https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/fips/nist.fips.180-4.pdf
       The FIPS 180-4 publication on Secure Hash Algorithms.
 
-   https://csrc.nist.gov/publications/detail/fips/202/final
+   https://csrc.nist.gov/pubs/fips/202/final
       The FIPS 202 publication on the SHA-3 Standard.
 
    https://www.blake2.net/
diff --git a/Doc/library/http.cookiejar.rst b/Doc/library/http.cookiejar.rst
index 31ac8bafb6ab4b..23ddecf873876d 100644
--- a/Doc/library/http.cookiejar.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/http.cookiejar.rst
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ The following classes are provided:
       The Netscape protocol with the bugs fixed.  Uses :mailheader:`Set-Cookie2` in
       place of :mailheader:`Set-Cookie`.  Not widely used.
 
-   http://kristol.org/cookie/errata.html
+   https://kristol.org/cookie/errata.html
       Unfinished errata to :rfc:`2965`.
 
    :rfc:`2964` - Use of HTTP State Management
diff --git a/Doc/library/http.server.rst b/Doc/library/http.server.rst
index 3c80fa747d5f1f..1197b575c00455 100644
--- a/Doc/library/http.server.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/http.server.rst
@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ provides three different variants:
 
       Adds a blank line
       (indicating the end of the HTTP headers in the response)
-      to the headers buffer and calls :meth:`flush_headers()`.
+      to the headers buffer and calls :meth:`flush_headers`.
 
       .. versionchanged:: 3.2
          The buffered headers are written to the output stream.
@@ -378,7 +378,7 @@ provides three different variants:
 
       If the request was mapped to a file, it is opened. Any :exc:`OSError`
       exception in opening the requested file is mapped to a ``404``,
-      ``'File not found'`` error. If there was a ``'If-Modified-Since'``
+      ``'File not found'`` error. If there was an ``'If-Modified-Since'``
       header in the request, and the file was not modified after this time,
       a ``304``, ``'Not Modified'`` response is sent. Otherwise, the content
       type is guessed by calling the :meth:`guess_type` method, which in turn
diff --git a/Doc/library/importlib.metadata.rst b/Doc/library/importlib.metadata.rst
index 9c0879f5ca850f..ddfc5c06d825c0 100644
--- a/Doc/library/importlib.metadata.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/importlib.metadata.rst
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ such as its entry points
 or its top-level names (`Import Package <https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/glossary/#term-Import-Package>`_\s, modules, if any).
 Built in part on Python's import system, this library
 intends to replace similar functionality in the `entry point
-API`_ and `metadata API`_ of ``pkg_resources``.  Along with
+API`_ and `metadata API`_ of ``pkg_resources``. Along with
 :mod:`importlib.resources`,
 this package can eliminate the need to use the older and less efficient
 ``pkg_resources`` package.
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ and metadata defined by the `Core metadata specifications <https://packaging.pyt
 
 By default, distribution metadata can live on the file system
 or in zip archives on
-:data:`sys.path`.  Through an extension mechanism, the metadata can live almost
+:data:`sys.path`. Through an extension mechanism, the metadata can live almost
 anywhere.
 
 
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ Overview
 
 Let's say you wanted to get the version string for a
 `Distribution Package <https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/glossary/#term-Distribution-Package>`_ you've installed
-using ``pip``.  We start by creating a virtual environment and installing
+using ``pip``. We start by creating a virtual environment and installing
 something into it:
 
 .. code-block:: shell-session
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ You can get the version string for ``wheel`` by running the following:
     '0.32.3'
 
 You can also get a collection of entry points selectable by properties of the EntryPoint (typically 'group' or 'name'), such as
-``console_scripts``, ``distutils.commands`` and others.  Each group contains a
+``console_scripts``, ``distutils.commands`` and others. Each group contains a
 collection of :ref:`EntryPoint <entry-points>` objects.
 
 You can get the :ref:`metadata for a distribution <metadata>`::
@@ -100,6 +100,13 @@ You can also get a :ref:`distribution's version number <version>`, list its
 :ref:`requirements`.
 
 
+.. exception:: PackageNotFoundError
+
+   Subclass of :class:`ModuleNotFoundError` raised by several functions in this
+   module when queried for a distribution package which is not installed in the
+   current Python environment.
+
+
 Functional API
 ==============
 
@@ -111,31 +118,53 @@ This package provides the following functionality via its public API.
 Entry points
 ------------
 
-The ``entry_points()`` function returns a collection of entry points.
-Entry points are represented by ``EntryPoint`` instances;
-each ``EntryPoint`` has a ``.name``, ``.group``, and ``.value`` attributes and
-a ``.load()`` method to resolve the value.  There are also ``.module``,
-``.attr``, and ``.extras`` attributes for getting the components of the
-``.value`` attribute.
+.. function:: entry_points(**select_params)
+
+   Returns a :class:`EntryPoints` instance describing entry points for the
+   current environment. Any given keyword parameters are passed to the
+   :meth:`!select` method for comparison to the attributes of
+   the individual entry point definitions.
+
+   Note: it is not currently possible to query for entry points based on
+   their :attr:`!EntryPoint.dist` attribute (as different :class:`!Distribution`
+   instances do not currently compare equal, even if they have the same attributes)
+
+.. class:: EntryPoints
+
+   Details of a collection of installed entry points.
+
+   Also provides a ``.groups`` attribute that reports all identifed entry
+   point groups, and a ``.names`` attribute that reports all identified entry
+   point names.
+
+.. class:: EntryPoint
+
+   Details of an installed entry point.
+
+   Each :class:`!EntryPoint` instance has ``.name``, ``.group``, and ``.value``
+   attributes and a ``.load()`` method to resolve the value. There are also
+   ``.module``, ``.attr``, and ``.extras`` attributes for getting the
+   components of the ``.value`` attribute, and ``.dist`` for obtaining
+   information regarding the distribution package that provides the entry point.
 
 Query all entry points::
 
     >>> eps = entry_points()  # doctest: +SKIP
 
-The ``entry_points()`` function returns an ``EntryPoints`` object,
-a collection of all ``EntryPoint`` objects with ``names`` and ``groups``
+The :func:`!entry_points` function returns a :class:`!EntryPoints` object,
+a collection of all :class:`!EntryPoint` objects with ``names`` and ``groups``
 attributes for convenience::
 
     >>> sorted(eps.groups)  # doctest: +SKIP
     ['console_scripts', 'distutils.commands', 'distutils.setup_keywords', 'egg_info.writers', 'setuptools.installation']
 
-``EntryPoints`` has a ``select`` method to select entry points
+:class:`!EntryPoints` has a :meth:`!select` method to select entry points
 matching specific properties. Select entry points in the
 ``console_scripts`` group::
 
     >>> scripts = eps.select(group='console_scripts')  # doctest: +SKIP
 
-Equivalently, since ``entry_points`` passes keyword arguments
+Equivalently, since :func:`!entry_points` passes keyword arguments
 through to select::
 
     >>> scripts = entry_points(group='console_scripts')  # doctest: +SKIP
@@ -167,7 +196,7 @@ Inspect the resolved entry point::
 
 The ``group`` and ``name`` are arbitrary values defined by the package author
 and usually a client will wish to resolve all entry points for a particular
-group.  Read `the setuptools docs
+group. Read `the setuptools docs
 <https://setuptools.pypa.io/en/latest/userguide/entry_point.html>`_
 for more information on entry points, their definition, and usage.
 
@@ -189,31 +218,41 @@ for more information on entry points, their definition, and usage.
 Distribution metadata
 ---------------------
 
-Every `Distribution Package <https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/glossary/#term-Distribution-Package>`_ includes some metadata,
-which you can extract using the
-``metadata()`` function::
+.. function:: metadata(distribution_name)
+
+   Return the distribution metadata corresponding to the named
+   distribution package as a :class:`PackageMetadata` instance.
+
+   Raises :exc:`PackageNotFoundError` if the named distribution
+   package is not installed in the current Python environment.
+
+.. class:: PackageMetadata
+
+   A concrete implementation of the
+    `PackageMetadata protocol <https://importlib-metadata.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api.html#importlib_metadata.PackageMetadata>`_.
+
+    In addition to providing the defined protocol methods and attributes, subscripting
+    the instance is equivalent to calling the :meth:`!get` method.
+
+Every `Distribution Package <https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/glossary/#term-Distribution-Package>`_
+includes some metadata, which you can extract using the :func:`!metadata` function::
 
     >>> wheel_metadata = metadata('wheel')  # doctest: +SKIP
 
-The keys of the returned data structure, a ``PackageMetadata``,
-name the metadata keywords, and
+The keys of the returned data structure name the metadata keywords, and
 the values are returned unparsed from the distribution metadata::
 
     >>> wheel_metadata['Requires-Python']  # doctest: +SKIP
     '>=2.7, !=3.0.*, !=3.1.*, !=3.2.*, !=3.3.*'
 
-``PackageMetadata`` also presents a ``json`` attribute that returns
+:class:`PackageMetadata` also presents a :attr:`!json` attribute that returns
 all the metadata in a JSON-compatible form per :PEP:`566`::
 
     >>> wheel_metadata.json['requires_python']
     '>=2.7, !=3.0.*, !=3.1.*, !=3.2.*, !=3.3.*'
 
-.. note::
-
-    The actual type of the object returned by ``metadata()`` is an
-    implementation detail and should be accessed only through the interface
-    described by the
-    `PackageMetadata protocol <https://importlib-metadata.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api.html#importlib_metadata.PackageMetadata>`_.
+The full set of available metadata is not described here.
+See the PyPA `Core metadata specification <https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/specifications/core-metadata/#core-metadata>`_ for additional details.
 
 .. versionchanged:: 3.10
    The ``Description`` is now included in the metadata when presented
@@ -227,7 +266,15 @@ all the metadata in a JSON-compatible form per :PEP:`566`::
 Distribution versions
 ---------------------
 
-The ``version()`` function is the quickest way to get a
+.. function:: version(distribution_name)
+
+   Return the installed distribution package version for the named
+   distribution package.
+
+   Raises :exc:`PackageNotFoundError` if the named distribution
+   package is not installed in the current Python environment.
+
+The :func:`!version` function is the quickest way to get a
 `Distribution Package <https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/glossary/#term-Distribution-Package>`_'s version
 number, as a string::
 
@@ -240,12 +287,28 @@ number, as a string::
 Distribution files
 ------------------
 
-You can also get the full set of files contained within a distribution.  The
-``files()`` function takes a `Distribution Package <https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/glossary/#term-Distribution-Package>`_ name
-and returns all of the
-files installed by this distribution.  Each file object returned is a
-``PackagePath``, a :class:`pathlib.PurePath` derived object with additional ``dist``,
-``size``, and ``hash`` properties as indicated by the metadata.  For example::
+.. function:: files(distribution_name)
+
+   Return the full set of files contained within the named
+   distribution package.
+
+   Raises :exc:`PackageNotFoundError` if the named distribution
+   package is not installed in the current Python environment.
+
+   Returns :const:`None` if the distribution is found but the installation
+   database records reporting the files associated with the distribuion package
+   are missing.
+
+.. class:: PackagePath
+
+    A :class:`pathlib.PurePath` derived object with additional ``dist``,
+    ``size``, and ``hash`` properties corresponding to the distribution
+    package's installation metadata for that file.
+
+The :func:`!files` function takes a
+`Distribution Package <https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/glossary/#term-Distribution-Package>`_
+name and returns all of the files installed by this distribution. Each file is reported
+as a :class:`PackagePath` instance. For example::
 
     >>> util = [p for p in files('wheel') if 'util.py' in str(p)][0]  # doctest: +SKIP
     >>> util  # doctest: +SKIP
@@ -268,16 +331,16 @@ Once you have the file, you can also read its contents::
             return s.encode('utf-8')
         return s
 
-You can also use the ``locate`` method to get a the absolute path to the
-file::
+You can also use the :meth:`!locate` method to get the absolute
+path to the file::
 
     >>> util.locate()  # doctest: +SKIP
     PosixPath('/home/gustav/example/lib/site-packages/wheel/util.py')
 
 In the case where the metadata file listing files
-(RECORD or SOURCES.txt) is missing, ``files()`` will
-return ``None``. The caller may wish to wrap calls to
-``files()`` in `always_iterable
+(``RECORD`` or ``SOURCES.txt``) is missing, :func:`!files` will
+return :const:`None`. The caller may wish to wrap calls to
+:func:`!files` in `always_iterable
 <https://more-itertools.readthedocs.io/en/stable/api.html#more_itertools.always_iterable>`_
 or otherwise guard against this condition if the target
 distribution is not known to have the metadata present.
@@ -287,8 +350,16 @@ distribution is not known to have the metadata present.
 Distribution requirements
 -------------------------
 
+.. function:: requires(distribution_name)
+
+   Return the declared dependency specifiers for the named
+   distribution package.
+
+   Raises :exc:`PackageNotFoundError` if the named distribution
+   package is not installed in the current Python environment.
+
 To get the full set of requirements for a `Distribution Package <https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/glossary/#term-Distribution-Package>`_,
-use the ``requires()``
+use the :func:`!requires`
 function::
 
     >>> requires('wheel')  # doctest: +SKIP
@@ -301,6 +372,16 @@ function::
 Mapping import to distribution packages
 ---------------------------------------
 
+.. function:: packages_distributions()
+
+   Return a mapping from the top level module and import package
+   names found via :attr:`sys.meta_path` to the names of the distribution
+   packages (if any) that provide the corresponding files.
+
+   To allow for namespace packages (which may have members provided by
+   multiple distribution packages), each top level import name maps to a
+   list of distribution names rather than mapping directly to a single name.
+
 A convenience method to resolve the `Distribution Package <https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/glossary/#term-Distribution-Package>`_
 name (or names, in the case of a namespace package)
 that provide each importable top-level
@@ -320,23 +401,42 @@ function is not reliable with such installs.
 Distributions
 =============
 
-While the above API is the most common and convenient usage, you can get all
-of that information from the ``Distribution`` class.  A ``Distribution`` is an
-abstract object that represents the metadata for
-a Python `Distribution Package <https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/glossary/#term-Distribution-Package>`_.  You can
-get the ``Distribution`` instance::
+.. function:: distribution(distribution_name)
+
+   Return a :class:`Distribution` instance describing the named
+   distribution package.
+
+   Raises :exc:`PackageNotFoundError` if the named distribution
+   package is not installed in the current Python environment.
+
+.. class:: Distribution
+
+   Details of an installed distribution package.
+
+   Note: different :class:`!Distribution` instances do not currently compare
+   equal, even if they relate to the same installed distribution and
+   accordingly have the same attributes.
+
+While the module level API described above is the most common and convenient usage,
+you can get all of that information from the :class:`!Distribution` class.
+:class:`!Distribution` is an abstract object that represents the metadata for
+a Python `Distribution Package <https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/glossary/#term-Distribution-Package>`_.
+You can get the concreate :class:`!Distribution` subclass instance for an installed
+distribution package by calling the :func:`distribution` function::
 
     >>> from importlib.metadata import distribution  # doctest: +SKIP
     >>> dist = distribution('wheel')  # doctest: +SKIP
+    >>> type(dist)  # doctest: +SKIP
+    <class 'importlib.metadata.PathDistribution'>
 
 Thus, an alternative way to get the version number is through the
-``Distribution`` instance::
+:class:`!Distribution` instance::
 
     >>> dist.version  # doctest: +SKIP
     '0.32.3'
 
-There are all kinds of additional metadata available on the ``Distribution``
-instance::
+There are all kinds of additional metadata available on :class:`!Distribution`
+instances::
 
     >>> dist.metadata['Requires-Python']  # doctest: +SKIP
     '>=2.7, !=3.0.*, !=3.1.*, !=3.2.*, !=3.3.*'
@@ -350,7 +450,7 @@ metadata::
     'file:///path/to/wheel-0.32.3.editable-py3-none-any.whl'
 
 The full set of available metadata is not described here.
-See the `Core metadata specifications <https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/specifications/core-metadata/#core-metadata>`_ for additional details.
+See the PyPA `Core metadata specification <https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/specifications/core-metadata/#core-metadata>`_ for additional details.
 
 .. versionadded:: 3.13
    The ``.origin`` property was added.
@@ -366,21 +466,26 @@ This metadata finder search defaults to ``sys.path``, but varies slightly in how
 - ``importlib.metadata`` will incidentally honor :py:class:`pathlib.Path` objects on ``sys.path`` even though such values will be ignored for imports.
 
 
-Extending the search algorithm
-==============================
+Implementing Custom Providers
+=============================
+
+``importlib.metadata`` address two API surfaces, one for *consumers*
+and another for *providers*. Most users are consumers, consuming
+metadata provided by the packages. There are other use-cases, however,
+where users wish to expose metadata through some other mechanism,
+such as alongside a custom importer. Such a use case calls for a
+*custom provider*.
 
 Because `Distribution Package <https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/glossary/#term-Distribution-Package>`_ metadata
 is not available through :data:`sys.path` searches, or
 package loaders directly,
 the metadata for a distribution is found through import
-system :ref:`finders <finders-and-loaders>`.  To find a distribution package's metadata,
+system :ref:`finders <finders-and-loaders>`. To find a distribution package's metadata,
 ``importlib.metadata`` queries the list of :term:`meta path finders <meta path finder>` on
 :data:`sys.meta_path`.
 
-By default ``importlib.metadata`` installs a finder for distribution packages
-found on the file system.
-This finder doesn't actually find any *distributions*,
-but it can find their metadata.
+The implementation has hooks integrated into the ``PathFinder``,
+serving metadata for distribution packages found on the file system.
 
 The abstract class :py:class:`importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder` defines the
 interface expected of finders by Python's import system.
@@ -391,16 +496,16 @@ interface expected of finders by Python's import system.
 method::
 
     @abc.abstractmethod
-    def find_distributions(context=DistributionFinder.Context()):
+    def find_distributions(context=DistributionFinder.Context()) -> Iterable[Distribution]:
         """Return an iterable of all Distribution instances capable of
         loading the metadata for packages for the indicated ``context``.
         """
 
 The ``DistributionFinder.Context`` object provides ``.path`` and ``.name``
 properties indicating the path to search and name to match and may
-supply other relevant context.
+supply other relevant context sought by the consumer.
 
-What this means in practice is that to support finding distribution package
+In practice, to support finding distribution package
 metadata in locations other than the file system, subclass
 ``Distribution`` and implement the abstract methods. Then from
 a custom finder, return instances of this derived ``Distribution`` in the
@@ -409,8 +514,7 @@ a custom finder, return instances of this derived ``Distribution`` in the
 Example
 -------
 
-Consider for example a custom finder that loads Python
-modules from a database::
+Imagine a custom finder that loads Python modules from a database::
 
     class DatabaseImporter(importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder):
         def __init__(self, db):
@@ -455,7 +559,7 @@ path.
 
 ``DatabaseDistribution``, then, would look something like::
 
-    class DatabaseDistribution(importlib.metadata.Distributon):
+    class DatabaseDistribution(importlib.metadata.Distribution):
         def __init__(self, record):
             self.record = record
 
diff --git a/Doc/library/importlib.resources.abc.rst b/Doc/library/importlib.resources.abc.rst
index 5ea8044e1ec6ca..54995ddbfbca12 100644
--- a/Doc/library/importlib.resources.abc.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/importlib.resources.abc.rst
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
     something like a data file that lives next to the ``__init__.py``
     file of the package. The purpose of this class is to help abstract
     out the accessing of such data files so that it does not matter if
-    the package and its data file(s) are stored in a e.g. zip file
+    the package and its data file(s) are stored e.g. in a zip file
     versus on the file system.
 
     For any of methods of this class, a *resource* argument is
diff --git a/Doc/library/importlib.rst b/Doc/library/importlib.rst
index 2ec15dd171c18a..9e088a598a6c08 100644
--- a/Doc/library/importlib.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/importlib.rst
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ ABC hierarchy::
       An abstract method for finding a :term:`spec <module spec>` for
       the specified module.  If this is a top-level import, *path* will
       be ``None``.  Otherwise, this is a search for a subpackage or
-      module and *path* will be the value of :attr:`__path__` from the
+      module and *path* will be the value of :attr:`~module.__path__` from the
       parent package. If a spec cannot be found, ``None`` is returned.
       When passed in, ``target`` is a module object that the finder may
       use to make a more educated guess about what spec to return.
@@ -355,34 +355,12 @@ ABC hierarchy::
         (note that some of these attributes can change when a module is
         reloaded):
 
-        - :attr:`__name__`
-            The module's fully qualified name.
-            It is ``'__main__'`` for an executed module.
-
-        - :attr:`__file__`
-            The location the :term:`loader` used to load the module.
-            For example, for modules loaded from a .py file this is the filename.
-            It is not set on all modules (e.g. built-in modules).
-
-        - :attr:`__cached__`
-            The filename of a compiled version of the module's code.
-            It is not set on all modules (e.g. built-in modules).
-
-        - :attr:`__path__`
-            The list of locations where the package's submodules will be found.
-            Most of the time this is a single directory.
-            The import system passes this attribute to ``__import__()`` and to finders
-            in the same way as :data:`sys.path` but just for the package.
-            It is not set on non-package modules so it can be used
-            as an indicator that the module is a package.
-
-        - :attr:`__package__`
-            The fully qualified name of the package the module is in (or the
-            empty string for a top-level module).
-            If the module is a package then this is the same as :attr:`__name__`.
-
-        - :attr:`__loader__`
-            The :term:`loader` used to load the module.
+        - :attr:`module.__name__`
+        - :attr:`module.__file__`
+        - :attr:`module.__cached__` *(deprecated)*
+        - :attr:`module.__path__`
+        - :attr:`module.__package__` *(deprecated)*
+        - :attr:`module.__loader__` *(deprecated)*
 
         When :meth:`exec_module` is available then backwards-compatible
         functionality is provided.
@@ -418,7 +396,8 @@ ABC hierarchy::
         can implement this abstract method to give direct access
         to the data stored. :exc:`OSError` is to be raised if the *path* cannot
         be found. The *path* is expected to be constructed using a module's
-        :attr:`__file__` attribute or an item from a package's :attr:`__path__`.
+        :attr:`~module.__file__` attribute or an item from a package's
+        :attr:`~module.__path__`.
 
         .. versionchanged:: 3.4
            Raises :exc:`OSError` instead of :exc:`NotImplementedError`.
@@ -505,9 +484,9 @@ ABC hierarchy::
 
     .. abstractmethod:: get_filename(fullname)
 
-        An abstract method that is to return the value of :attr:`__file__` for
-        the specified module. If no path is available, :exc:`ImportError` is
-        raised.
+        An abstract method that is to return the value of
+        :attr:`~module.__file__` for the specified module. If no path is
+        available, :exc:`ImportError` is raised.
 
         If source code is available, then the method should return the path to
         the source file, regardless of whether a bytecode was used to load the
@@ -657,7 +636,7 @@ ABC hierarchy::
     something like a data file that lives next to the ``__init__.py``
     file of the package. The purpose of this class is to help abstract
     out the accessing of such data files so that it does not matter if
-    the package and its data file(s) are stored in a e.g. zip file
+    the package and its data file(s) are stored e.g. in a zip file
     versus on the file system.
 
     For any of methods of this class, a *resource* argument is
@@ -1166,79 +1145,74 @@ find and load modules.
 .. class:: ModuleSpec(name, loader, *, origin=None, loader_state=None, is_package=None)
 
    A specification for a module's import-system-related state.  This is
-   typically exposed as the module's :attr:`__spec__` attribute.  In the
-   descriptions below, the names in parentheses give the corresponding
-   attribute available directly on the module object,
-   e.g. ``module.__spec__.origin == module.__file__``.  Note, however, that
+   typically exposed as the module's :attr:`~module.__spec__` attribute.  Many
+   of these attributes are also available directly on a module: for example,
+   ``module.__spec__.origin == module.__file__``.  Note, however, that
    while the *values* are usually equivalent, they can differ since there is
-   no synchronization between the two objects.  For example, it is possible to update
-   the module's :attr:`__file__` at runtime and this will not be automatically
-   reflected in the module's :attr:`__spec__.origin`, and vice versa.
+   no synchronization between the two objects.  For example, it is possible to
+   update the module's :attr:`~module.__file__` at runtime and this will not be
+   automatically reflected in the module's
+   :attr:`__spec__.origin <ModuleSpec.origin>`, and vice versa.
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.4
 
    .. attribute:: name
 
-   (:attr:`__name__`)
-
-   The module's fully qualified name.
-   The :term:`finder` should always set this attribute to a non-empty string.
+      The module's fully qualified name (see :attr:`module.__name__`).
+      The :term:`finder` should always set this attribute to a non-empty string.
 
    .. attribute:: loader
 
-   (:attr:`__loader__`)
-
-   The :term:`loader` used to load the module.
-   The :term:`finder` should always set this attribute.
+      The :term:`loader` used to load the module (see :attr:`module.__loader__`).
+      The :term:`finder` should always set this attribute.
 
    .. attribute:: origin
 
-   (:attr:`__file__`)
-
-   The location the :term:`loader` should use to load the module.
-   For example, for modules loaded from a .py file this is the filename.
-   The :term:`finder` should always set this attribute to a meaningful value
-   for the :term:`loader` to use.  In the uncommon case that there is not one
-   (like for namespace packages), it should be set to ``None``.
+      The location the :term:`loader` should use to load the module
+      (see :attr:`module.__file__`).
+      For example, for modules loaded from a ``.py`` file this is the filename.
+      The :term:`finder` should always set this attribute to a meaningful value
+      for the :term:`loader` to use.  In the uncommon case that there is not one
+      (like for namespace packages), it should be set to ``None``.
 
    .. attribute:: submodule_search_locations
 
-   (:attr:`__path__`)
+      A (possibly empty) :term:`sequence` of strings enumerating the locations
+      in which a package's submodules will be found
+      (see :attr:`module.__path__`). Most of the time there will only be a
+      single directory in this list.
 
-   The list of locations where the package's submodules will be found.
-   Most of the time this is a single directory.
-   The :term:`finder` should set this attribute to a list, even an empty one, to indicate
-   to the import system that the module is a package.  It should be set to ``None`` for
-   non-package modules.  It is set automatically later to a special object for
-   namespace packages.
+      The :term:`finder` should set this attribute to a sequence, even an empty
+      one, to indicate
+      to the import system that the module is a package.  It should be set to ``None`` for
+      non-package modules.  It is set automatically later to a special object for
+      namespace packages.
 
    .. attribute:: loader_state
 
-   The :term:`finder` may set this attribute to an object containing additional,
-   module-specific data to use when loading the module.  Otherwise it should be
-   set to ``None``.
+      The :term:`finder` may set this attribute to an object containing additional,
+      module-specific data to use when loading the module.  Otherwise it should be
+      set to ``None``.
 
    .. attribute:: cached
 
-   (:attr:`__cached__`)
-
-   The filename of a compiled version of the module's code.
-   The :term:`finder` should always set this attribute but it may be ``None``
-   for modules that do not need compiled code stored.
+      The filename of a compiled version of the module's code
+      (see :attr:`module.__cached__`).
+      The :term:`finder` should always set this attribute but it may be ``None``
+      for modules that do not need compiled code stored.
 
    .. attribute:: parent
 
-   (:attr:`__package__`)
-
-   (Read-only) The fully qualified name of the package the module is in (or the
-   empty string for a top-level module).
-   If the module is a package then this is the same as :attr:`name`.
+      (Read-only) The fully qualified name of the package the module is in (or the
+      empty string for a top-level module).
+      See :attr:`module.__package__`.
+      If the module is a package then this is the same as :attr:`name`.
 
    .. attribute:: has_location
 
-   ``True`` if the spec's :attr:`origin` refers to a loadable location,
-    ``False`` otherwise.  This value impacts how :attr:`origin` is interpreted
-    and how the module's :attr:`__file__` is populated.
+      ``True`` if the spec's :attr:`origin` refers to a loadable location,
+      ``False`` otherwise.  This value impacts how :attr:`!origin` is interpreted
+      and how the module's :attr:`~module.__file__` is populated.
 
 
 .. class:: AppleFrameworkLoader(name, path)
@@ -1423,8 +1397,8 @@ an :term:`importer`.
 
    .. versionchanged:: 3.7
       Raises :exc:`ModuleNotFoundError` instead of :exc:`AttributeError` if
-      **package** is in fact not a package (i.e. lacks a :attr:`__path__`
-      attribute).
+      **package** is in fact not a package (i.e. lacks a
+      :attr:`~module.__path__` attribute).
 
 .. function:: module_from_spec(spec)
 
@@ -1584,20 +1558,34 @@ Note that if ``name`` is a submodule (contains a dot),
 Importing a source file directly
 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
 
-To import a Python source file directly, use the following recipe::
+This recipe should be used with caution: it is an approximation of an import
+statement where the file path is specified directly, rather than
+:data:`sys.path` being searched. Alternatives should first be considered first,
+such as modifying :data:`sys.path` when a proper module is required, or using
+:func:`runpy.run_path` when the global namespace resulting from running a Python
+file is appropriate.
 
-  import importlib.util
-  import sys
+To import a Python source file directly from a path, use the following recipe::
+
+    import importlib.util
+    import sys
 
-  # For illustrative purposes.
-  import tokenize
-  file_path = tokenize.__file__
-  module_name = tokenize.__name__
 
-  spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location(module_name, file_path)
-  module = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec)
-  sys.modules[module_name] = module
-  spec.loader.exec_module(module)
+    def import_from_path(module_name, file_path):
+        spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location(module_name, file_path)
+        module = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec)
+        sys.modules[module_name] = module
+        spec.loader.exec_module(module)
+        return module
+
+
+    # For illustrative purposes only (use of `json` is arbitrary).
+    import json
+    file_path = json.__file__
+    module_name = json.__name__
+
+    # Similar outcome as `import json`.
+    json = import_from_path(module_name, file_path)
 
 
 Implementing lazy imports
@@ -1623,7 +1611,6 @@ The example below shows how to implement lazy imports::
     False
 
 
-
 Setting up an importer
 ''''''''''''''''''''''
 
diff --git a/Doc/library/inspect.rst b/Doc/library/inspect.rst
index 7130faa4b5b696..892f5ba9a7624e 100644
--- a/Doc/library/inspect.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/inspect.rst
@@ -42,220 +42,258 @@ attributes (see :ref:`import-mod-attrs` for module attributes):
 .. this function name is too big to fit in the ascii-art table below
 .. |coroutine-origin-link| replace:: :func:`sys.set_coroutine_origin_tracking_depth`
 
-+-----------+-------------------+---------------------------+
-| Type      | Attribute         | Description               |
-+===========+===================+===========================+
-| class     | __doc__           | documentation string      |
-+-----------+-------------------+---------------------------+
-|           | __name__          | name with which this      |
-|           |                   | class was defined         |
-+-----------+-------------------+---------------------------+
-|           | __qualname__      | qualified name            |
-+-----------+-------------------+---------------------------+
-|           | __module__        | name of module in which   |
-|           |                   | this class was defined    |
-+-----------+-------------------+---------------------------+
-|           | __type_params__   | A tuple containing the    |
-|           |                   | :ref:`type parameters     |
-|           |                   | <type-params>` of         |
-|           |                   | a generic class           |
-+-----------+-------------------+---------------------------+
-| method    | __doc__           | documentation string      |
-+-----------+-------------------+---------------------------+
-|           | __name__          | name with which this      |
-|           |                   | method was defined        |
-+-----------+-------------------+---------------------------+
-|           | __qualname__      | qualified name            |
-+-----------+-------------------+---------------------------+
-|           | __func__          | function object           |
-|           |                   | containing implementation |
-|           |                   | of method                 |
-+-----------+-------------------+---------------------------+
-|           | __self__          | instance to which this    |
-|           |                   | method is bound, or       |
-|           |                   | ``None``                  |
-+-----------+-------------------+---------------------------+
-|           | __module__        | name of module in which   |
-|           |                   | this method was defined   |
-+-----------+-------------------+---------------------------+
-| function  | __doc__           | documentation string      |
-+-----------+-------------------+---------------------------+
-|           | __name__          | name with which this      |
-|           |                   | function was defined      |
-+-----------+-------------------+---------------------------+
-|           | __qualname__      | qualified name            |
-+-----------+-------------------+---------------------------+
-|           | __code__          | code object containing    |
-|           |                   | compiled function         |
-|           |                   | :term:`bytecode`          |
-+-----------+-------------------+---------------------------+
-|           | __defaults__      | tuple of any default      |
-|           |                   | values for positional or  |
-|           |                   | keyword parameters        |
-+-----------+-------------------+---------------------------+
-|           | __kwdefaults__    | mapping of any default    |
-|           |                   | values for keyword-only   |
-|           |                   | parameters                |
-+-----------+-------------------+---------------------------+
-|           | __globals__       | global namespace in which |
-|           |                   | this function was defined |
-+-----------+-------------------+---------------------------+
-|           | __builtins__      | builtins namespace        |
-+-----------+-------------------+---------------------------+
-|           | __annotations__   | mapping of parameters     |
-|           |                   | names to annotations;     |
-|           |                   | ``"return"`` key is       |
-|           |                   | reserved for return       |
-|           |                   | annotations.              |
-+-----------+-------------------+---------------------------+
-|           | __type_params__   | A tuple containing the    |
-|           |                   | :ref:`type parameters     |
-|           |                   | <type-params>` of         |
-|           |                   | a generic function        |
-+-----------+-------------------+---------------------------+
-|           | __module__        | name of module in which   |
-|           |                   | this function was defined |
-+-----------+-------------------+---------------------------+
-| traceback | tb_frame          | frame object at this      |
-|           |                   | level                     |
-+-----------+-------------------+---------------------------+
-|           | tb_lasti          | index of last attempted   |
-|           |                   | instruction in bytecode   |
-+-----------+-------------------+---------------------------+
-|           | tb_lineno         | current line number in    |
-|           |                   | Python source code        |
-+-----------+-------------------+---------------------------+
-|           | tb_next           | next inner traceback      |
-|           |                   | object (called by this    |
-|           |                   | level)                    |
-+-----------+-------------------+---------------------------+
-| frame     | f_back            | next outer frame object   |
-|           |                   | (this frame's caller)     |
-+-----------+-------------------+---------------------------+
-|           | f_builtins        | builtins namespace seen   |
-|           |                   | by this frame             |
-+-----------+-------------------+---------------------------+
-|           | f_code            | code object being         |
-|           |                   | executed in this frame    |
-+-----------+-------------------+---------------------------+
-|           | f_globals         | global namespace seen by  |
-|           |                   | this frame                |
-+-----------+-------------------+---------------------------+
-|           | f_lasti           | index of last attempted   |
-|           |                   | instruction in bytecode   |
-+-----------+-------------------+---------------------------+
-|           | f_lineno          | current line number in    |
-|           |                   | Python source code        |
-+-----------+-------------------+---------------------------+
-|           | f_locals          | local namespace seen by   |
-|           |                   | this frame                |
-+-----------+-------------------+---------------------------+
-|           | f_trace           | tracing function for this |
-|           |                   | frame, or ``None``        |
-+-----------+-------------------+---------------------------+
-| code      | co_argcount       | number of arguments (not  |
-|           |                   | including keyword only    |
-|           |                   | arguments, \* or \*\*     |
-|           |                   | args)                     |
-+-----------+-------------------+---------------------------+
-|           | co_code           | string of raw compiled    |
-|           |                   | bytecode                  |
-+-----------+-------------------+---------------------------+
-|           | co_cellvars       | tuple of names of cell    |
-|           |                   | variables (referenced by  |
-|           |                   | containing scopes)        |
-+-----------+-------------------+---------------------------+
-|           | co_consts         | tuple of constants used   |
-|           |                   | in the bytecode           |
-+-----------+-------------------+---------------------------+
-|           | co_filename       | name of file in which     |
-|           |                   | this code object was      |
-|           |                   | created                   |
-+-----------+-------------------+---------------------------+
-|           | co_firstlineno    | number of first line in   |
-|           |                   | Python source code        |
-+-----------+-------------------+---------------------------+
-|           | co_flags          | bitmap of ``CO_*`` flags, |
-|           |                   | read more :ref:`here      |
-|           |                   | <inspect-module-co-flags>`|
-+-----------+-------------------+---------------------------+
-|           | co_lnotab         | encoded mapping of line   |
-|           |                   | numbers to bytecode       |
-|           |                   | indices                   |
-+-----------+-------------------+---------------------------+
-|           | co_freevars       | tuple of names of free    |
-|           |                   | variables (referenced via |
-|           |                   | a function's closure)     |
-+-----------+-------------------+---------------------------+
-|           | co_posonlyargcount| number of positional only |
-|           |                   | arguments                 |
-+-----------+-------------------+---------------------------+
-|           | co_kwonlyargcount | number of keyword only    |
-|           |                   | arguments (not including  |
-|           |                   | \*\* arg)                 |
-+-----------+-------------------+---------------------------+
-|           | co_name           | name with which this code |
-|           |                   | object was defined        |
-+-----------+-------------------+---------------------------+
-|           | co_qualname       | fully qualified name with |
-|           |                   | which this code object    |
-|           |                   | was defined               |
-+-----------+-------------------+---------------------------+
-|           | co_names          | tuple of names other      |
-|           |                   | than arguments and        |
-|           |                   | function locals           |
-+-----------+-------------------+---------------------------+
-|           | co_nlocals        | number of local variables |
-+-----------+-------------------+---------------------------+
-|           | co_stacksize      | virtual machine stack     |
-|           |                   | space required            |
-+-----------+-------------------+---------------------------+
-|           | co_varnames       | tuple of names of         |
-|           |                   | arguments and local       |
-|           |                   | variables                 |
-+-----------+-------------------+---------------------------+
-| generator | __name__          | name                      |
-+-----------+-------------------+---------------------------+
-|           | __qualname__      | qualified name            |
-+-----------+-------------------+---------------------------+
-|           | gi_frame          | frame                     |
-+-----------+-------------------+---------------------------+
-|           | gi_running        | is the generator running? |
-+-----------+-------------------+---------------------------+
-|           | gi_code           | code                      |
-+-----------+-------------------+---------------------------+
-|           | gi_yieldfrom      | object being iterated by  |
-|           |                   | ``yield from``, or        |
-|           |                   | ``None``                  |
-+-----------+-------------------+---------------------------+
-| coroutine | __name__          | name                      |
-+-----------+-------------------+---------------------------+
-|           | __qualname__      | qualified name            |
-+-----------+-------------------+---------------------------+
-|           | cr_await          | object being awaited on,  |
-|           |                   | or ``None``               |
-+-----------+-------------------+---------------------------+
-|           | cr_frame          | frame                     |
-+-----------+-------------------+---------------------------+
-|           | cr_running        | is the coroutine running? |
-+-----------+-------------------+---------------------------+
-|           | cr_code           | code                      |
-+-----------+-------------------+---------------------------+
-|           | cr_origin         | where coroutine was       |
-|           |                   | created, or ``None``. See |
-|           |                   | |coroutine-origin-link|   |
-+-----------+-------------------+---------------------------+
-| builtin   | __doc__           | documentation string      |
-+-----------+-------------------+---------------------------+
-|           | __name__          | original name of this     |
-|           |                   | function or method        |
-+-----------+-------------------+---------------------------+
-|           | __qualname__      | qualified name            |
-+-----------+-------------------+---------------------------+
-|           | __self__          | instance to which a       |
-|           |                   | method is bound, or       |
-|           |                   | ``None``                  |
-+-----------+-------------------+---------------------------+
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+| Type            | Attribute         | Description               |
++=================+===================+===========================+
+| class           | __doc__           | documentation string      |
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+|                 | __name__          | name with which this      |
+|                 |                   | class was defined         |
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+|                 | __qualname__      | qualified name            |
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+|                 | __module__        | name of module in which   |
+|                 |                   | this class was defined    |
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+|                 | __type_params__   | A tuple containing the    |
+|                 |                   | :ref:`type parameters     |
+|                 |                   | <type-params>` of         |
+|                 |                   | a generic class           |
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+| method          | __doc__           | documentation string      |
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+|                 | __name__          | name with which this      |
+|                 |                   | method was defined        |
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+|                 | __qualname__      | qualified name            |
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+|                 | __func__          | function object           |
+|                 |                   | containing implementation |
+|                 |                   | of method                 |
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+|                 | __self__          | instance to which this    |
+|                 |                   | method is bound, or       |
+|                 |                   | ``None``                  |
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+|                 | __module__        | name of module in which   |
+|                 |                   | this method was defined   |
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+| function        | __doc__           | documentation string      |
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+|                 | __name__          | name with which this      |
+|                 |                   | function was defined      |
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+|                 | __qualname__      | qualified name            |
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+|                 | __code__          | code object containing    |
+|                 |                   | compiled function         |
+|                 |                   | :term:`bytecode`          |
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+|                 | __defaults__      | tuple of any default      |
+|                 |                   | values for positional or  |
+|                 |                   | keyword parameters        |
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+|                 | __kwdefaults__    | mapping of any default    |
+|                 |                   | values for keyword-only   |
+|                 |                   | parameters                |
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+|                 | __globals__       | global namespace in which |
+|                 |                   | this function was defined |
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+|                 | __builtins__      | builtins namespace        |
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+|                 | __annotations__   | mapping of parameters     |
+|                 |                   | names to annotations;     |
+|                 |                   | ``"return"`` key is       |
+|                 |                   | reserved for return       |
+|                 |                   | annotations.              |
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+|                 | __type_params__   | A tuple containing the    |
+|                 |                   | :ref:`type parameters     |
+|                 |                   | <type-params>` of         |
+|                 |                   | a generic function        |
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+|                 | __module__        | name of module in which   |
+|                 |                   | this function was defined |
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+| traceback       | tb_frame          | frame object at this      |
+|                 |                   | level                     |
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+|                 | tb_lasti          | index of last attempted   |
+|                 |                   | instruction in bytecode   |
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+|                 | tb_lineno         | current line number in    |
+|                 |                   | Python source code        |
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+|                 | tb_next           | next inner traceback      |
+|                 |                   | object (called by this    |
+|                 |                   | level)                    |
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+| frame           | f_back            | next outer frame object   |
+|                 |                   | (this frame's caller)     |
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+|                 | f_builtins        | builtins namespace seen   |
+|                 |                   | by this frame             |
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+|                 | f_code            | code object being         |
+|                 |                   | executed in this frame    |
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+|                 | f_globals         | global namespace seen by  |
+|                 |                   | this frame                |
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+|                 | f_lasti           | index of last attempted   |
+|                 |                   | instruction in bytecode   |
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+|                 | f_lineno          | current line number in    |
+|                 |                   | Python source code        |
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+|                 | f_locals          | local namespace seen by   |
+|                 |                   | this frame                |
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+|                 | f_trace           | tracing function for this |
+|                 |                   | frame, or ``None``        |
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+|                 | f_trace_lines     | indicate whether a        |
+|                 |                   | tracing event is          |
+|                 |                   | triggered for each source |
+|                 |                   | source line               |
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+|                 | f_trace_opcodes   | indicate whether          |
+|                 |                   | per-opcode events are     |
+|                 |                   | requested                 |
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+|                 | clear()           | used to clear all         |
+|                 |                   | references to local       |
+|                 |                   | variables                 |
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+| code            | co_argcount       | number of arguments (not  |
+|                 |                   | including keyword only    |
+|                 |                   | arguments, \* or \*\*     |
+|                 |                   | args)                     |
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+|                 | co_code           | string of raw compiled    |
+|                 |                   | bytecode                  |
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+|                 | co_cellvars       | tuple of names of cell    |
+|                 |                   | variables (referenced by  |
+|                 |                   | containing scopes)        |
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+|                 | co_consts         | tuple of constants used   |
+|                 |                   | in the bytecode           |
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+|                 | co_filename       | name of file in which     |
+|                 |                   | this code object was      |
+|                 |                   | created                   |
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+|                 | co_firstlineno    | number of first line in   |
+|                 |                   | Python source code        |
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+|                 | co_flags          | bitmap of ``CO_*`` flags, |
+|                 |                   | read more :ref:`here      |
+|                 |                   | <inspect-module-co-flags>`|
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+|                 | co_lnotab         | encoded mapping of line   |
+|                 |                   | numbers to bytecode       |
+|                 |                   | indices                   |
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+|                 | co_freevars       | tuple of names of free    |
+|                 |                   | variables (referenced via |
+|                 |                   | a function's closure)     |
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+|                 | co_posonlyargcount| number of positional only |
+|                 |                   | arguments                 |
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+|                 | co_kwonlyargcount | number of keyword only    |
+|                 |                   | arguments (not including  |
+|                 |                   | \*\* arg)                 |
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+|                 | co_name           | name with which this code |
+|                 |                   | object was defined        |
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+|                 | co_qualname       | fully qualified name with |
+|                 |                   | which this code object    |
+|                 |                   | was defined               |
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+|                 | co_names          | tuple of names other      |
+|                 |                   | than arguments and        |
+|                 |                   | function locals           |
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+|                 | co_nlocals        | number of local variables |
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+|                 | co_stacksize      | virtual machine stack     |
+|                 |                   | space required            |
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+|                 | co_varnames       | tuple of names of         |
+|                 |                   | arguments and local       |
+|                 |                   | variables                 |
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+|                 | co_lines()        | returns an iterator that  |
+|                 |                   | yields successive         |
+|                 |                   | bytecode ranges           |
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+|                 | co_positions()    | returns an iterator of    |
+|                 |                   | source code positions for |
+|                 |                   | each bytecode instruction |
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+|                 | replace()         | returns a copy of the     |
+|                 |                   | code object with new      |
+|                 |                   | values                    |
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+| generator       | __name__          | name                      |
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+|                 | __qualname__      | qualified name            |
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+|                 | gi_frame          | frame                     |
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+|                 | gi_running        | is the generator running? |
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+|                 | gi_code           | code                      |
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+|                 | gi_yieldfrom      | object being iterated by  |
+|                 |                   | ``yield from``, or        |
+|                 |                   | ``None``                  |
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+| async generator | __name__          | name                      |
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+|                 | __qualname__      | qualified name            |
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+|                 | ag_await          | object being awaited on,  |
+|                 |                   | or ``None``               |
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+|                 | ag_frame          | frame                     |
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+|                 | ag_running        | is the generator running? |
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+|                 | ag_code           | code                      |
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+| coroutine       | __name__          | name                      |
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+|                 | __qualname__      | qualified name            |
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+|                 | cr_await          | object being awaited on,  |
+|                 |                   | or ``None``               |
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+|                 | cr_frame          | frame                     |
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+|                 | cr_running        | is the coroutine running? |
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+|                 | cr_code           | code                      |
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+|                 | cr_origin         | where coroutine was       |
+|                 |                   | created, or ``None``. See |
+|                 |                   | |coroutine-origin-link|   |
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+| builtin         | __doc__           | documentation string      |
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+|                 | __name__          | original name of this     |
+|                 |                   | function or method        |
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+|                 | __qualname__      | qualified name            |
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
+|                 | __self__          | instance to which a       |
+|                 |                   | method is bound, or       |
+|                 |                   | ``None``                  |
++-----------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
 
 .. versionchanged:: 3.5
 
@@ -336,6 +374,13 @@ attributes (see :ref:`import-mod-attrs` for module attributes):
    Return ``True`` if the object is a bound method written in Python.
 
 
+.. function:: ispackage(object)
+
+   Return ``True`` if the object is a :term:`package`.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.14
+
+
 .. function:: isfunction(object)
 
    Return ``True`` if the object is a Python function, which includes functions
@@ -444,7 +489,7 @@ attributes (see :ref:`import-mod-attrs` for module attributes):
 
    .. versionchanged:: 3.8
       Functions wrapped in :func:`functools.partial` now return ``True`` if the
-      wrapped function is a :term:`asynchronous generator` function.
+      wrapped function is an :term:`asynchronous generator` function.
 
    .. versionchanged:: 3.13
       Functions wrapped in :func:`functools.partialmethod` now return ``True``
@@ -504,10 +549,10 @@ attributes (see :ref:`import-mod-attrs` for module attributes):
    are true.
 
    This, for example, is true of ``int.__add__``.  An object passing this test
-   has a :meth:`~object.__get__` method but not a :meth:`~object.__set__`
-   method, but beyond that the set of attributes varies.  A
-   :attr:`~definition.__name__` attribute is usually
-   sensible, and :attr:`!__doc__` often is.
+   has a :meth:`~object.__get__` method, but not a :meth:`~object.__set__`
+   method or a :meth:`~object.__delete__` method.  Beyond that, the set of
+   attributes varies.  A :attr:`~definition.__name__` attribute is usually
+   sensible, and :attr:`~definition.__doc__` often is.
 
    Methods implemented via descriptors that also pass one of the other tests
    return ``False`` from the :func:`ismethoddescriptor` test, simply because the
@@ -515,6 +560,11 @@ attributes (see :ref:`import-mod-attrs` for module attributes):
    :attr:`~method.__func__` attribute (etc) when an object passes
    :func:`ismethod`.
 
+   .. versionchanged:: 3.13
+      This function no longer incorrectly reports objects with :meth:`~object.__get__`
+      and :meth:`~object.__delete__`, but not :meth:`~object.__set__`, as being method
+      descriptors (such objects are data descriptors, not method descriptors).
+
 
 .. function:: isdatadescriptor(object)
 
@@ -651,7 +701,7 @@ and its return annotation. To retrieve a :class:`!Signature` object,
 use the :func:`!signature`
 function.
 
-.. function:: signature(callable, *, follow_wrapped=True, globals=None, locals=None, eval_str=False)
+.. function:: signature(callable, *, follow_wrapped=True, globals=None, locals=None, eval_str=False, annotation_format=Format.VALUE)
 
    Return a :class:`Signature` object for the given *callable*:
 
@@ -675,22 +725,27 @@ function.
    Accepts a wide range of Python callables, from plain functions and classes to
    :func:`functools.partial` objects.
 
-   For objects defined in modules using stringized annotations
-   (``from __future__ import annotations``), :func:`signature` will
+   If some of the annotations are strings (e.g., because
+   ``from __future__ import annotations`` was used), :func:`signature` will
    attempt to automatically un-stringize the annotations using
-   :func:`get_annotations`.  The
+   :func:`annotationlib.get_annotations`.  The
    *globals*, *locals*, and *eval_str* parameters are passed
-   into :func:`get_annotations` when resolving the
-   annotations; see the documentation for :func:`get_annotations`
-   for instructions on how to use these parameters.
+   into :func:`!annotationlib.get_annotations` when resolving the
+   annotations; see the documentation for :func:`!annotationlib.get_annotations`
+   for instructions on how to use these parameters. A member of the
+   :class:`annotationlib.Format` enum can be passed to the
+   *annotation_format* parameter to control the format of the returned
+   annotations. For example, use
+   ``annotation_format=annotationlib.Format.STRING`` to return annotations in string
+   format.
 
    Raises :exc:`ValueError` if no signature can be provided, and
    :exc:`TypeError` if that type of object is not supported.  Also,
    if the annotations are stringized, and *eval_str* is not false,
-   the ``eval()`` call(s) to un-stringize the annotations in :func:`get_annotations`
+   the ``eval()`` call(s) to un-stringize the annotations in :func:`annotationlib.get_annotations`
    could potentially raise any kind of exception.
 
-   A slash(/) in the signature of a function denotes that the parameters prior
+   A slash (/) in the signature of a function denotes that the parameters prior
    to it are positional-only. For more info, see
    :ref:`the FAQ entry on positional-only parameters <faq-positional-only-arguments>`.
 
@@ -703,6 +758,9 @@ function.
    .. versionchanged:: 3.10
       The *globals*, *locals*, and *eval_str* parameters were added.
 
+   .. versionchanged:: 3.14
+      The *annotation_format* parameter was added.
+
    .. note::
 
       Some callables may not be introspectable in certain implementations of
@@ -795,7 +853,7 @@ function.
       :class:`Signature` objects are also supported by the generic function
       :func:`copy.replace`.
 
-   .. method:: format(*, max_width=None)
+   .. method:: format(*, max_width=None, quote_annotation_strings=True)
 
       Create a string representation of the :class:`Signature` object.
 
@@ -804,8 +862,17 @@ function.
       If the signature is longer than *max_width*,
       all parameters will be on separate lines.
 
+      If *quote_annotation_strings* is False, :term:`annotations <annotation>`
+      in the signature are displayed without opening and closing quotation
+      marks if they are strings. This is useful if the signature was created with the
+      :attr:`~annotationlib.Format.STRING` format or if
+      ``from __future__ import annotations`` was used.
+
       .. versionadded:: 3.13
 
+      .. versionchanged:: 3.14
+         The *unquote_annotations* parameter was added.
+
    .. classmethod:: Signature.from_callable(obj, *, follow_wrapped=True, globals=None, locals=None, eval_str=False)
 
        Return a :class:`Signature` (or its subclass) object for a given callable
@@ -920,7 +987,7 @@ function.
 
    .. attribute:: Parameter.kind.description
 
-      Describes a enum value of :attr:`Parameter.kind`.
+      Describes an enum value of :attr:`Parameter.kind`.
 
       .. versionadded:: 3.8
 
@@ -1000,7 +1067,8 @@ function.
    .. attribute:: BoundArguments.kwargs
 
       A dict of keyword arguments values.  Dynamically computed from the
-      :attr:`arguments` attribute.
+      :attr:`arguments` attribute.  Arguments that can be passed positionally
+      are included in :attr:`args` instead.
 
    .. attribute:: BoundArguments.signature
 
@@ -1204,62 +1272,19 @@ Classes and functions
    .. versionadded:: 3.4
 
 
-.. function:: get_annotations(obj, *, globals=None, locals=None, eval_str=False)
+.. function:: get_annotations(obj, *, globals=None, locals=None, eval_str=False, format=annotationlib.Format.VALUE)
 
    Compute the annotations dict for an object.
 
-   ``obj`` may be a callable, class, or module.
-   Passing in an object of any other type raises :exc:`TypeError`.
-
-   Returns a dict.  ``get_annotations()`` returns a new dict every time
-   it's called; calling it twice on the same object will return two
-   different but equivalent dicts.
-
-   This function handles several details for you:
-
-   * If ``eval_str`` is true, values of type ``str`` will
-     be un-stringized using :func:`eval()`.  This is intended
-     for use with stringized annotations
-     (``from __future__ import annotations``).
-   * If ``obj`` doesn't have an annotations dict, returns an
-     empty dict.  (Functions and methods always have an
-     annotations dict; classes, modules, and other types of
-     callables may not.)
-   * Ignores inherited annotations on classes.  If a class
-     doesn't have its own annotations dict, returns an empty dict.
-   * All accesses to object members and dict values are done
-     using ``getattr()`` and ``dict.get()`` for safety.
-   * Always, always, always returns a freshly created dict.
-
-   ``eval_str`` controls whether or not values of type ``str`` are replaced
-   with the result of calling :func:`eval()` on those values:
-
-   * If eval_str is true, :func:`eval()` is called on values of type ``str``.
-     (Note that ``get_annotations`` doesn't catch exceptions; if :func:`eval()`
-     raises an exception, it will unwind the stack past the ``get_annotations``
-     call.)
-   * If eval_str is false (the default), values of type ``str`` are unchanged.
-
-   ``globals`` and ``locals`` are passed in to :func:`eval()`; see the documentation
-   for :func:`eval()` for more information.  If ``globals`` or ``locals``
-   is ``None``, this function may replace that value with a context-specific
-   default, contingent on ``type(obj)``:
-
-   * If ``obj`` is a module, ``globals`` defaults to ``obj.__dict__``.
-   * If ``obj`` is a class, ``globals`` defaults to
-     ``sys.modules[obj.__module__].__dict__`` and ``locals`` defaults
-     to the ``obj`` class namespace.
-   * If ``obj`` is a callable, ``globals`` defaults to
-     :attr:`obj.__globals__ <function.__globals__>`,
-     although if ``obj`` is a wrapped function (using
-     :func:`functools.update_wrapper`) it is first unwrapped.
-
-   Calling ``get_annotations`` is best practice for accessing the
-   annotations dict of any object.  See :ref:`annotations-howto` for
-   more information on annotations best practices.
+   This is an alias for :func:`annotationlib.get_annotations`; see the documentation
+   of that function for more information.
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.10
 
+   .. versionchanged:: 3.14
+      This function is now an alias for :func:`annotationlib.get_annotations`.
+      Calling it as ``inspect.get_annotations`` will continue to work.
+
 
 .. _inspect-stack:
 
diff --git a/Doc/library/intro.rst b/Doc/library/intro.rst
index ffc8939d21157d..8f76044be488cd 100644
--- a/Doc/library/intro.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/intro.rst
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ Notes on availability
   operating system.
 
 * If not separately noted, all functions that claim "Availability: Unix" are
-  supported on macOS and iOS, both of which build on a Unix core.
+  supported on macOS, iOS and Android, all of which build on a Unix core.
 
 * If an availability note contains both a minimum Kernel version and a minimum
   libc version, then both conditions must hold. For example a feature with note
@@ -120,43 +120,57 @@ DOM APIs as well as limited networking capabilities with JavaScript's
 .. _Pyodide: https://pyodide.org/
 .. _PyScript: https://pyscript.net/
 
+.. _mobile-availability:
 .. _iOS-availability:
 
-iOS
----
+Mobile platforms
+----------------
 
-iOS is, in most respects, a POSIX operating system. File I/O, socket handling,
+Android and iOS are, in most respects, POSIX operating systems. File I/O, socket handling,
 and threading all behave as they would on any POSIX operating system. However,
-there are several major differences between iOS and other POSIX systems.
-
-* iOS can only use Python in "embedded" mode. There is no Python REPL, and no
-  ability to execute binaries that are part of the normal Python developer
-  experience, such as :program:`pip`. To add Python code to your iOS app, you must use
-  the :ref:`Python embedding API <embedding>` to add a Python interpreter to an
-  iOS app created with Xcode. See the :ref:`iOS usage guide <using-ios>` for
-  more details.
-
-* An iOS app cannot use any form of subprocessing, background processing, or
-  inter-process communication. If an iOS app attempts to create a subprocess,
-  the process creating the subprocess will either lock up, or crash. An iOS app
-  has no visibility of other applications that are running, nor any ability to
-  communicate with other running applications, outside of the iOS-specific APIs
-  that exist for this purpose.
-
-* iOS apps have limited access to modify system resources (such as the system
+there are several major differences:
+
+* Mobile platforms can only use Python in "embedded" mode. There is no Python
+  REPL, and no ability to use separate executables such as :program:`python` or
+  :program:`pip`. To add Python code to your mobile app, you must use
+  the :ref:`Python embedding API <embedding>`. For more details, see
+  :ref:`using-android` and :ref:`using-ios`.
+
+* Subprocesses:
+
+  * On Android, creating subprocesses is possible but `officially unsupported
+    <https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/128554619#comment4>`__.
+    In particular, Android does not support any part of the System V IPC API,
+    so :mod:`multiprocessing` is not available.
+
+  * An iOS app cannot use any form of subprocessing, multiprocessing, or
+    inter-process communication. If an iOS app attempts to create a subprocess,
+    the process creating the subprocess will either lock up, or crash. An iOS app
+    has no visibility of other applications that are running, nor any ability to
+    communicate with other running applications, outside of the iOS-specific APIs
+    that exist for this purpose.
+
+* Mobile apps have limited access to modify system resources (such as the system
   clock). These resources will often be *readable*, but attempts to modify
   those resources will usually fail.
 
-* iOS apps have a limited concept of console input and output. ``stdout`` and
-  ``stderr`` *exist*, and content written to ``stdout`` and ``stderr`` will be
-  visible in logs when running in Xcode, but this content *won't* be recorded
-  in the system log. If a user who has installed your app provides their app
-  logs as a diagnostic aid, they will not include any detail written to
-  ``stdout`` or ``stderr``.
+* Console input and output:
+
+  * On Android, the native ``stdout`` and ``stderr`` are not connected to
+    anything, so Python installs its own streams which redirect messages to the
+    system log. These can be seen under the tags ``python.stdout`` and
+    ``python.stderr`` respectively.
+
+  * iOS apps have a limited concept of console output. ``stdout`` and
+    ``stderr`` *exist*, and content written to ``stdout`` and ``stderr`` will be
+    visible in logs when running in Xcode, but this content *won't* be recorded
+    in the system log. If a user who has installed your app provides their app
+    logs as a diagnostic aid, they will not include any detail written to
+    ``stdout`` or ``stderr``.
 
-  iOS apps have no concept of  ``stdin`` at all. While iOS apps can have a
-  keyboard, this is a software feature, not something that is attached to
-  ``stdin``.
+  * Mobile apps have no usable ``stdin`` at all. While apps can display an on-screen
+    keyboard, this is a software feature, not something that is attached to
+    ``stdin``.
 
-  As a result, Python library that involve console manipulation (such as
-  :mod:`curses` and :mod:`readline`) are not available on iOS.
+    As a result, Python modules that involve console manipulation (such as
+    :mod:`curses` and :mod:`readline`) are not available on mobile platforms.
diff --git a/Doc/library/io.rst b/Doc/library/io.rst
index 748c49968f505c..f793d7a7ef9a84 100644
--- a/Doc/library/io.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/io.rst
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ the backing store is natively made of bytes (such as in the case of a file),
 encoding and decoding of data is made transparently as well as optional
 translation of platform-specific newline characters.
 
-The easiest way to create a text stream is with :meth:`open()`, optionally
+The easiest way to create a text stream is with :meth:`open`, optionally
 specifying an encoding::
 
    f = open("myfile.txt", "r", encoding="utf-8")
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ objects.  No encoding, decoding, or newline translation is performed.  This
 category of streams can be used for all kinds of non-text data, and also when
 manual control over the handling of text data is desired.
 
-The easiest way to create a binary stream is with :meth:`open()` with ``'b'`` in
+The easiest way to create a binary stream is with :meth:`open` with ``'b'`` in
 the mode string::
 
    f = open("myfile.jpg", "rb")
@@ -950,7 +950,7 @@ Text I/O
    :class:`TextIOBase`.
 
    *encoding* gives the name of the encoding that the stream will be decoded or
-   encoded with.  It defaults to :func:`locale.getencoding()`.
+   encoded with.  It defaults to :func:`locale.getencoding`.
    ``encoding="locale"`` can be used to specify the current locale's encoding
    explicitly. See :ref:`io-text-encoding` for more information.
 
@@ -1182,7 +1182,7 @@ re-enter a buffered object which it is already accessing, a :exc:`RuntimeError`
 is raised.  Note this doesn't prohibit a different thread from entering the
 buffered object.
 
-The above implicitly extends to text files, since the :func:`open()` function
+The above implicitly extends to text files, since the :func:`open` function
 will wrap a buffered object inside a :class:`TextIOWrapper`.  This includes
-standard streams and therefore affects the built-in :func:`print()` function as
+standard streams and therefore affects the built-in :func:`print` function as
 well.
diff --git a/Doc/library/ipaddress.rst b/Doc/library/ipaddress.rst
index f58c0ea75a4753..e5bdfbb144b65a 100644
--- a/Doc/library/ipaddress.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/ipaddress.rst
@@ -131,6 +131,10 @@ write code that handles both IP versions correctly.  Address objects are
 
       The appropriate version number: ``4`` for IPv4, ``6`` for IPv6.
 
+      .. versionchanged:: 3.14
+
+         Made available on the class.
+
    .. attribute:: max_prefixlen
 
       The total number of bits in the address representation for this
@@ -140,6 +144,10 @@ write code that handles both IP versions correctly.  Address objects are
       are compared to determine whether or not an address is part of a
       network.
 
+      .. versionchanged:: 3.14
+
+         Made available on the class.
+
    .. attribute:: compressed
    .. attribute:: exploded
 
@@ -1010,7 +1018,7 @@ The module also provides the following module level functions:
 
    doesn't make sense.  There are some times however, where you may wish to
    have :mod:`ipaddress` sort these anyway.  If you need to do this, you can use
-   this function as the *key* argument to :func:`sorted()`.
+   this function as the *key* argument to :func:`sorted`.
 
    *obj* is either a network or address object.
 
diff --git a/Doc/library/itertools.rst b/Doc/library/itertools.rst
index 3dc3f60923a0ba..c138e903fa5a0f 100644
--- a/Doc/library/itertools.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/itertools.rst
@@ -58,12 +58,12 @@ Iterator                        Arguments                       Results
 :func:`compress`                data, selectors                 (d[0] if s[0]), (d[1] if s[1]), ...                 ``compress('ABCDEF', [1,0,1,0,1,1]) → A C E F``
 :func:`dropwhile`               predicate, seq                  seq[n], seq[n+1], starting when predicate fails     ``dropwhile(lambda x: x<5, [1,4,6,3,8]) → 6 3 8``
 :func:`filterfalse`             predicate, seq                  elements of seq where predicate(elem) fails         ``filterfalse(lambda x: x<5, [1,4,6,3,8]) → 6 8``
-:func:`groupby`                 iterable[, key]                 sub-iterators grouped by value of key(v)
+:func:`groupby`                 iterable[, key]                 sub-iterators grouped by value of key(v)            ``groupby(['A','B','DEF'], len) → (1, A B) (3, DEF)``
 :func:`islice`                  seq, [start,] stop [, step]     elements from seq[start:stop:step]                  ``islice('ABCDEFG', 2, None) → C D E F G``
 :func:`pairwise`                iterable                        (p[0], p[1]), (p[1], p[2])                          ``pairwise('ABCDEFG') → AB BC CD DE EF FG``
 :func:`starmap`                 func, seq                       func(\*seq[0]), func(\*seq[1]), ...                 ``starmap(pow, [(2,5), (3,2), (10,3)]) → 32 9 1000``
 :func:`takewhile`               predicate, seq                  seq[0], seq[1], until predicate fails               ``takewhile(lambda x: x<5, [1,4,6,3,8]) → 1 4``
-:func:`tee`                     it, n                           it1, it2, ... itn  splits one iterator into n
+:func:`tee`                     it, n                           it1, it2, ... itn  splits one iterator into n       ``tee('ABC', 2) → A B C, A B C``
 :func:`zip_longest`             p, q, ...                       (p[0], q[0]), (p[1], q[1]), ...                     ``zip_longest('ABCD', 'xy', fillvalue='-') → Ax By C- D-``
 ============================    ============================    =================================================   =============================================================
 
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ Examples                                         Results
 Itertool Functions
 ------------------
 
-The following module functions all construct and return iterators. Some provide
+The following functions all construct and return iterators. Some provide
 streams of infinite length, so they should only be accessed by functions or
 loops that truncate the stream.
 
@@ -131,11 +131,12 @@ loops that truncate the stream.
                 total = function(total, element)
                 yield total
 
-    The *function* argument can be set to :func:`min` for a running
-    minimum, :func:`max` for a running maximum, or :func:`operator.mul`
-    for a running product.  `Amortization tables
-    <https://www.ramseysolutions.com/real-estate/amortization-schedule>`_
-    can be built by accumulating interest and applying payments:
+    To compute a running minimum, set *function* to :func:`min`.
+    For a running maximum, set *function* to :func:`max`.
+    Or for a running product, set *function* to :func:`operator.mul`.
+    To build an `amortization table
+    <https://www.ramseysolutions.com/real-estate/amortization-schedule>`_,
+    accumulate the interest and apply payments:
 
     .. doctest::
 
@@ -202,10 +203,10 @@ loops that truncate the stream.
 
 .. function:: chain(*iterables)
 
-   Make an iterator that returns elements from the first iterable until it is
-   exhausted, then proceeds to the next iterable, until all of the iterables are
-   exhausted.  Used for treating consecutive sequences as a single sequence.
-   Roughly equivalent to::
+   Make an iterator that returns elements from the first iterable until
+   it is exhausted, then proceeds to the next iterable, until all of the
+   iterables are exhausted.  This combines multiple data sources into a
+   single iterator.  Roughly equivalent to::
 
       def chain(*iterables):
           # chain('ABC', 'DEF') → A B C D E F
@@ -337,7 +338,7 @@ loops that truncate the stream.
               yield n
               n += step
 
-   When counting with floating point numbers, better accuracy can sometimes be
+   When counting with floating-point numbers, better accuracy can sometimes be
    achieved by substituting multiplicative code such as: ``(start + step * i
    for i in count())``.
 
@@ -353,10 +354,12 @@ loops that truncate the stream.
 
       def cycle(iterable):
           # cycle('ABCD') → A B C D A B C D A B C D ...
+
           saved = []
           for element in iterable:
               yield element
               saved.append(element)
+
           while saved:
               for element in saved:
                   yield element
@@ -396,8 +399,10 @@ loops that truncate the stream.
 
       def filterfalse(predicate, iterable):
           # filterfalse(lambda x: x<5, [1,4,6,3,8]) → 6 8
+
           if predicate is None:
               predicate = bool
+
           for x in iterable:
               if not predicate(x):
                   yield x
@@ -474,7 +479,7 @@ loops that truncate the stream.
    If *start* is zero or ``None``, iteration starts at zero.  Otherwise,
    elements from the iterable are skipped until *start* is reached.
 
-   If *stop* is ``None``, iteration continues until the iterator is
+   If *stop* is ``None``, iteration continues until the input is
    exhausted, if at all.  Otherwise, it stops at the specified position.
 
    If *step* is ``None``, the step defaults to one.  Elements are returned
@@ -503,6 +508,10 @@ loops that truncate the stream.
                   yield element
                   next_i += step
 
+   If the input is an iterator, then fully consuming the *islice*
+   advances the input iterator by ``max(start, stop)`` steps regardless
+   of the *step* value.
+
 
 .. function:: pairwise(iterable)
 
@@ -516,8 +525,10 @@ loops that truncate the stream.
 
         def pairwise(iterable):
             # pairwise('ABCDEFG') → AB BC CD DE EF FG
+
             iterator = iter(iterable)
             a = next(iterator, None)
+
             for b in iterator:
                 yield a, b
                 a = b
@@ -580,7 +591,8 @@ loops that truncate the stream.
 
 .. function:: product(*iterables, repeat=1)
 
-   Cartesian product of input iterables.
+   `Cartesian product <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartesian_product>`_
+   of the input iterables.
 
    Roughly equivalent to nested for-loops in a generator expression. For example,
    ``product(A, B)`` returns the same as ``((x,y) for x in A for y in B)``.
@@ -601,6 +613,8 @@ loops that truncate the stream.
            # product('ABCD', 'xy') → Ax Ay Bx By Cx Cy Dx Dy
            # product(range(2), repeat=3) → 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111
 
+           if repeat < 0:
+               raise ValueError('repeat argument cannot be negative')
            pools = [tuple(pool) for pool in iterables] * repeat
 
            result = [[]]
@@ -684,24 +698,63 @@ loops that truncate the stream.
    Roughly equivalent to::
 
         def tee(iterable, n=2):
-            iterator = iter(iterable)
-            shared_link = [None, None]
-            return tuple(_tee(iterator, shared_link) for _ in range(n))
-
-        def _tee(iterator, link):
-            try:
-                while True:
-                    if link[1] is None:
-                        link[0] = next(iterator)
-                        link[1] = [None, None]
-                    value, link = link
-                    yield value
-            except StopIteration:
-                return
+            if n < 0:
+                raise ValueError
+            if n == 0:
+                return ()
+            iterator = _tee(iterable)
+            result = [iterator]
+            for _ in range(n - 1):
+                result.append(_tee(iterator))
+            return tuple(result)
+
+        class _tee:
+
+            def __init__(self, iterable):
+                it = iter(iterable)
+                if isinstance(it, _tee):
+                    self.iterator = it.iterator
+                    self.link = it.link
+                else:
+                    self.iterator = it
+                    self.link = [None, None]
+
+            def __iter__(self):
+                return self
+
+            def __next__(self):
+                link = self.link
+                if link[1] is None:
+                    link[0] = next(self.iterator)
+                    link[1] = [None, None]
+                value, self.link = link
+                return value
+
+   When the input *iterable* is already a tee iterator object, all
+   members of the return tuple are constructed as if they had been
+   produced by the upstream :func:`tee` call.  This "flattening step"
+   allows nested :func:`tee` calls to share the same underlying data
+   chain and to have a single update step rather than a chain of calls.
+
+   The flattening property makes tee iterators efficiently peekable:
+
+   .. testcode::
 
-   Once a :func:`tee` has been created, the original *iterable* should not be
-   used anywhere else; otherwise, the *iterable* could get advanced without
-   the tee objects being informed.
+      def lookahead(tee_iterator):
+           "Return the next value without moving the input forward"
+           [forked_iterator] = tee(tee_iterator, 1)
+           return next(forked_iterator)
+
+   .. doctest::
+
+      >>> iterator = iter('abcdef')
+      >>> [iterator] = tee(iterator, 1)   # Make the input peekable
+      >>> next(iterator)                  # Move the iterator forward
+      'a'
+      >>> lookahead(iterator)             # Check next value
+      'b'
+      >>> next(iterator)                  # Continue moving forward
+      'b'
 
    ``tee`` iterators are not threadsafe. A :exc:`RuntimeError` may be
    raised when simultaneously using iterators returned by the same :func:`tee`
@@ -919,15 +972,6 @@ and :term:`generators <generator>` which incur interpreter overhead.
            iterators = cycle(islice(iterators, num_active))
            yield from map(next, iterators)
 
-   def partition(predicate, iterable):
-       """Partition entries into false entries and true entries.
-
-       If *predicate* is slow, consider wrapping it with functools.lru_cache().
-       """
-       # partition(is_odd, range(10)) → 0 2 4 6 8   and  1 3 5 7 9
-       t1, t2 = tee(iterable)
-       return filterfalse(predicate, t1), filter(predicate, t2)
-
    def subslices(seq):
        "Return all contiguous non-empty subslices of a sequence."
        # subslices('ABCD') → A AB ABC ABCD B BC BCD C CD D
@@ -1145,15 +1189,19 @@ The following recipes have a more mathematical flavor:
     >>> list(it)
     ['d', 'e', 'f']
 
+
     >>> list(prepend(1, [2, 3, 4]))
     [1, 2, 3, 4]
 
+
     >>> list(enumerate('abc'))
     [(0, 'a'), (1, 'b'), (2, 'c')]
 
+
     >>> list(islice(tabulate(lambda x: 2*x), 4))
     [0, 2, 4, 6]
 
+
     >>> list(tail(3, 'ABCDEFG'))
     ['E', 'F', 'G']
     >>> # Verify the input is consumed greedily
@@ -1162,6 +1210,7 @@ The following recipes have a more mathematical flavor:
     >>> list(input_iterator)
     []
 
+
     >>> it = iter(range(10))
     >>> consume(it, 3)
     >>> # Verify the input is consumed lazily
@@ -1172,6 +1221,7 @@ The following recipes have a more mathematical flavor:
     >>> next(it, 'Done')
     'Done'
 
+
     >>> nth('abcde', 3)
     'd'
     >>> nth('abcde', 9) is None
@@ -1183,6 +1233,7 @@ The following recipes have a more mathematical flavor:
     >>> list(it)
     ['d', 'e']
 
+
     >>> [all_equal(s) for s in ('', 'A', 'AAAA', 'AAAB', 'AAABA')]
     [True, True, True, False, False]
     >>> [all_equal(s, key=str.casefold) for s in ('', 'A', 'AaAa', 'AAAB', 'AAABA')]
@@ -1196,24 +1247,19 @@ The following recipes have a more mathematical flavor:
     >>> ''.join(it)
     'bbccc'
 
+
     >>> quantify(range(99), lambda x: x%2==0)
     50
-
     >>> quantify([True, False, False, True, True])
     3
-
     >>> quantify(range(12), predicate=lambda x: x%2==1)
     6
 
+
     >>> a = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]]
     >>> list(flatten(a))
     [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
 
-    >>> list(repeatfunc(pow, 5, 2, 3))
-    [8, 8, 8, 8, 8]
-
-    >>> take(5, map(int, repeatfunc(random.random)))
-    [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
 
     >>> list(ncycles('abc', 3))
     ['a', 'b', 'c', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'a', 'b', 'c']
@@ -1223,9 +1269,11 @@ The following recipes have a more mathematical flavor:
     >>> list(input_iterator)
     []
 
+
     >>> sum_of_squares([10, 20, 30])
     1400
 
+
     >>> list(reshape([(0, 1), (2, 3), (4, 5)], 3))
     [(0, 1, 2), (3, 4, 5)]
     >>> M = [(0, 1, 2, 3), (4, 5, 6, 7), (8, 9, 10, 11)]
@@ -1246,6 +1294,7 @@ The following recipes have a more mathematical flavor:
     >>> list(reshape(M, 12))
     [(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11)]
 
+
     >>> list(transpose([(1, 2, 3), (11, 22, 33)]))
     [(1, 11), (2, 22), (3, 33)]
     >>> # Verify that the inputs are consumed lazily
@@ -1257,11 +1306,13 @@ The following recipes have a more mathematical flavor:
     >>> list(zip(input1, input2))
     [(2, 22), (3, 33)]
 
+
     >>> list(matmul([(7, 5), (3, 5)], [[2, 5], [7, 9]]))
     [(49, 80), (41, 60)]
     >>> list(matmul([[2, 5], [7, 9], [3, 4]], [[7, 11, 5, 4, 9], [3, 5, 2, 6, 3]]))
     [(29, 47, 20, 38, 33), (76, 122, 53, 82, 90), (33, 53, 23, 36, 39)]
 
+
     >>> list(convolve([1, -1, -20], [1, -3])) == [1, -4, -17, 60]
     True
     >>> data = [20, 40, 24, 32, 20, 28, 16]
@@ -1284,6 +1335,7 @@ The following recipes have a more mathematical flavor:
     >>> list(signal_iterator)
     [30, 40, 50]
 
+
     >>> from fractions import Fraction
     >>> from decimal import Decimal
     >>> polynomial_eval([1, -4, -17, 60], x=5)
@@ -1315,6 +1367,7 @@ The following recipes have a more mathematical flavor:
     >>> polynomial_eval([11, 2], 7) == 11 * 7 + 2
     True
 
+
     >>> polynomial_from_roots([5, -4, 3])
     [1, -4, -17, 60]
     >>> factored = lambda x: (x - 5) * (x + 4) * (x - 3)
@@ -1322,9 +1375,11 @@ The following recipes have a more mathematical flavor:
     >>> all(factored(x) == expanded(x) for x in range(-10, 11))
     True
 
+
     >>> polynomial_derivative([1, -4, -17, 60])
     [3, -8, -17]
 
+
     >>> list(iter_index('AABCADEAF', 'A'))
     [0, 1, 4, 7]
     >>> list(iter_index('AABCADEAF', 'B'))
@@ -1382,12 +1437,14 @@ The following recipes have a more mathematical flavor:
     >>> ''.join(input_iterator)
     'DEAF'
 
+
     >>> # Verify that the target value can be a sequence.
     >>> seq = [[10, 20], [30, 40], 30, 40, [30, 40], 50]
     >>> target = [30, 40]
     >>> list(iter_index(seq, target))
     [1, 4]
 
+
     >>> # Verify faithfulness to type specific index() method behaviors.
     >>> # For example, bytes and str perform continuous-subsequence searches
     >>> # that do not match the general behavior specified
@@ -1417,6 +1474,7 @@ The following recipes have a more mathematical flavor:
     >>> set(sieve(10_000)).isdisjoint(carmichael)
     True
 
+
     >>> list(factor(99))                    # Code example 1
     [3, 3, 11]
     >>> list(factor(1_000_000_000_000_007)) # Code example 2
@@ -1462,6 +1520,7 @@ The following recipes have a more mathematical flavor:
     >>> all(list(factor(n)) == sorted(factor(n)) for n in range(2_000))
     True
 
+
     >>> totient(0)  # https://www.wolframalpha.com/input?i=totient+0
     0
     >>> first_totients = [1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 2, 6, 4, 6, 4, 10, 4, 12, 6, 8, 8, 16, 6,
@@ -1481,9 +1540,15 @@ The following recipes have a more mathematical flavor:
     >>> totient(6 ** 20) == 1 * 2**19 * 2 * 3**19    # repeated primes
     True
 
+
     >>> list(flatten([('a', 'b'), (), ('c', 'd', 'e'), ('f',), ('g', 'h', 'i')]))
     ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i']
 
+
+    >>> list(repeatfunc(pow, 5, 2, 3))
+    [8, 8, 8, 8, 8]
+    >>> take(5, map(int, repeatfunc(random.random)))
+    [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
     >>> random.seed(85753098575309)
     >>> list(repeatfunc(random.random, 3))
     [0.16370491282496968, 0.45889608687313455, 0.3747076837820118]
@@ -1492,9 +1557,11 @@ The following recipes have a more mathematical flavor:
     >>> list(repeatfunc(pow, 3, 2, 5))
     [32, 32, 32]
 
+
     >>> list(grouper('abcdefg', 3, fillvalue='x'))
     [('a', 'b', 'c'), ('d', 'e', 'f'), ('g', 'x', 'x')]
 
+
     >>> it = grouper('abcdefg', 3, incomplete='strict')
     >>> next(it)
     ('a', 'b', 'c')
@@ -1508,6 +1575,7 @@ The following recipes have a more mathematical flavor:
     >>> list(grouper('abcdefg', n=3, incomplete='ignore'))
     [('a', 'b', 'c'), ('d', 'e', 'f')]
 
+
     >>> list(sliding_window('ABCDEFG', 1))
     [('A',), ('B',), ('C',), ('D',), ('E',), ('F',), ('G',)]
     >>> list(sliding_window('ABCDEFG', 2))
@@ -1537,6 +1605,7 @@ The following recipes have a more mathematical flavor:
     ...
     'zero or negative n not supported'
 
+
     >>> list(roundrobin('abc', 'd', 'ef'))
     ['a', 'd', 'e', 'b', 'f', 'c']
     >>> ranges = [range(5, 1000), range(4, 3000), range(0), range(3, 2000), range(2, 5000), range(1, 3500)]
@@ -1550,38 +1619,19 @@ The following recipes have a more mathematical flavor:
     >>> ''.join(chain(*input_iterators))
     'dijkopqr'
 
-    >>> def is_odd(x):
-    ...     return x % 2 == 1
-
-    >>> evens, odds = partition(is_odd, range(10))
-    >>> list(evens)
-    [0, 2, 4, 6, 8]
-    >>> list(odds)
-    [1, 3, 5, 7, 9]
-    >>> # Verify that the input is consumed lazily
-    >>> input_iterator = iter(range(10))
-    >>> evens, odds = partition(is_odd, input_iterator)
-    >>> next(odds)
-    1
-    >>> next(odds)
-    3
-    >>> next(evens)
-    0
-    >>> list(input_iterator)
-    [4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
 
     >>> list(subslices('ABCD'))
     ['A', 'AB', 'ABC', 'ABCD', 'B', 'BC', 'BCD', 'C', 'CD', 'D']
 
+
     >>> list(powerset([1,2,3]))
     [(), (1,), (2,), (3,), (1, 2), (1, 3), (2, 3), (1, 2, 3)]
-
     >>> all(len(list(powerset(range(n)))) == 2**n for n in range(18))
     True
-
     >>> list(powerset('abcde')) == sorted(sorted(set(powerset('abcde'))), key=len)
     True
 
+
     >>> list(unique_everseen('AAAABBBCCDAABBB'))
     ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D']
     >>> list(unique_everseen('ABBCcAD', str.casefold))
@@ -1596,6 +1646,7 @@ The following recipes have a more mathematical flavor:
     >>> ''.join(input_iterator)
     'AAABBBCCDAABBB'
 
+
     >>> list(unique_justseen('AAAABBBCCDAABBB'))
     ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'A', 'B']
     >>> list(unique_justseen('ABBCcAD', str.casefold))
@@ -1610,6 +1661,7 @@ The following recipes have a more mathematical flavor:
     >>> ''.join(input_iterator)
     'AAABBBCCDAABBB'
 
+
     >>> list(unique([[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2]]))
     [[1, 2], [3, 4]]
     >>> list(unique('ABBcCAD', str.casefold))
@@ -1617,6 +1669,7 @@ The following recipes have a more mathematical flavor:
     >>> list(unique('ABBcCAD', str.casefold, reverse=True))
     ['D', 'c', 'B', 'A']
 
+
     >>> d = dict(a=1, b=2, c=3)
     >>> it = iter_except(d.popitem, KeyError)
     >>> d['d'] = 4
@@ -1634,6 +1687,7 @@ The following recipes have a more mathematical flavor:
     >>> next(it, 'empty')
     'empty'
 
+
     >>> first_true('ABC0DEF1', '9', str.isdigit)
     '0'
     >>> # Verify that inputs are consumed lazily
@@ -1714,21 +1768,36 @@ The following recipes have a more mathematical flavor:
 
        return true_iterator(), chain(transition, it)
 
+    def partition(predicate, iterable):
+        """Partition entries into false entries and true entries.
+
+        If *predicate* is slow, consider wrapping it with functools.lru_cache().
+        """
+        # partition(is_odd, range(10)) → 0 2 4 6 8   and  1 3 5 7 9
+        t1, t2 = tee(iterable)
+        return filterfalse(predicate, t1), filter(predicate, t2)
+
+
+
 .. doctest::
     :hide:
 
     >>> dotproduct([1,2,3], [4,5,6])
     32
 
+
     >>> sumprod([1,2,3], [4,5,6])
     32
 
+
     >>> list(islice(pad_none('abc'), 0, 6))
     ['a', 'b', 'c', None, None, None]
 
+
     >>> list(triplewise('ABCDEFG'))
     [('A', 'B', 'C'), ('B', 'C', 'D'), ('C', 'D', 'E'), ('D', 'E', 'F'), ('E', 'F', 'G')]
 
+
     >>> population = 'ABCDEFGH'
     >>> for r in range(len(population) + 1):
     ...     seq = list(combinations(population, r))
@@ -1736,16 +1805,38 @@ The following recipes have a more mathematical flavor:
     ...         assert nth_combination(population, r, i) == seq[i]
     ...     for i in range(-len(seq), 0):
     ...         assert nth_combination(population, r, i) == seq[i]
-
+    ...
     >>> iterable = 'abcde'
     >>> r = 3
     >>> combos = list(combinations(iterable, r))
     >>> all(nth_combination(iterable, r, i) == comb for i, comb in enumerate(combos))
     True
 
+
     >>> it = iter('ABCdEfGhI')
     >>> all_upper, remainder = before_and_after(str.isupper, it)
     >>> ''.join(all_upper)
     'ABC'
     >>> ''.join(remainder)
     'dEfGhI'
+
+
+    >>> def is_odd(x):
+    ...     return x % 2 == 1
+    ...
+    >>> evens, odds = partition(is_odd, range(10))
+    >>> list(evens)
+    [0, 2, 4, 6, 8]
+    >>> list(odds)
+    [1, 3, 5, 7, 9]
+    >>> # Verify that the input is consumed lazily
+    >>> input_iterator = iter(range(10))
+    >>> evens, odds = partition(is_odd, input_iterator)
+    >>> next(odds)
+    1
+    >>> next(odds)
+    3
+    >>> next(evens)
+    0
+    >>> list(input_iterator)
+    [4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
diff --git a/Doc/library/json.rst b/Doc/library/json.rst
index 42cb1f850fe9c5..758d47462b6e12 100644
--- a/Doc/library/json.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/json.rst
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 
 `JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) <https://json.org>`_, specified by
 :rfc:`7159` (which obsoletes :rfc:`4627`) and by
-`ECMA-404 <https://www.ecma-international.org/publications-and-standards/standards/ecma-404/>`_,
+`ECMA-404 <https://ecma-international.org/publications-and-standards/standards/ecma-404/>`_,
 is a lightweight data interchange format inspired by
 `JavaScript <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JavaScript>`_ object literal syntax
 (although it is not a strict subset of JavaScript [#rfc-errata]_ ).
@@ -116,15 +116,15 @@ Extending :class:`JSONEncoder`::
     ['[2.0', ', 1.0', ']']
 
 
-Using :mod:`json.tool` from the shell to validate and pretty-print:
+Using :mod:`json` from the shell to validate and pretty-print:
 
 .. code-block:: shell-session
 
-    $ echo '{"json":"obj"}' | python -m json.tool
+    $ echo '{"json":"obj"}' | python -m json
     {
         "json": "obj"
     }
-    $ echo '{1.2:3.4}' | python -m json.tool
+    $ echo '{1.2:3.4}' | python -m json
     Expecting property name enclosed in double quotes: line 1 column 2 (char 1)
 
 See :ref:`json-commandline` for detailed documentation.
@@ -241,28 +241,28 @@ Basic Usage
 
    *object_hook* is an optional function that will be called with the result of
    any object literal decoded (a :class:`dict`).  The return value of
-   *object_hook* will be used instead of the :class:`dict`.  This feature can be used
-   to implement custom decoders (e.g. `JSON-RPC <https://www.jsonrpc.org>`_
-   class hinting).
+   *object_hook* will be used instead of the :class:`dict`.  This feature can
+   be used to implement custom decoders (e.g. `JSON-RPC
+   <https://www.jsonrpc.org>`_ class hinting).
 
    *object_pairs_hook* is an optional function that will be called with the
    result of any object literal decoded with an ordered list of pairs.  The
    return value of *object_pairs_hook* will be used instead of the
-   :class:`dict`.  This feature can be used to implement custom decoders.
-   If *object_hook* is also defined, the *object_pairs_hook* takes priority.
+   :class:`dict`.  This feature can be used to implement custom decoders.  If
+   *object_hook* is also defined, the *object_pairs_hook* takes priority.
 
    .. versionchanged:: 3.1
       Added support for *object_pairs_hook*.
 
-   *parse_float*, if specified, will be called with the string of every JSON
-   float to be decoded.  By default, this is equivalent to ``float(num_str)``.
-   This can be used to use another datatype or parser for JSON floats
-   (e.g. :class:`decimal.Decimal`).
+   *parse_float* is an optional function that will be called with the string of
+   every JSON float to be decoded.  By default, this is equivalent to
+   ``float(num_str)``.  This can be used to use another datatype or parser for
+   JSON floats (e.g. :class:`decimal.Decimal`).
 
-   *parse_int*, if specified, will be called with the string of every JSON int
-   to be decoded.  By default, this is equivalent to ``int(num_str)``.  This can
-   be used to use another datatype or parser for JSON integers
-   (e.g. :class:`float`).
+   *parse_int* is an optional function that will be called with the string of
+   every JSON int to be decoded.  By default, this is equivalent to
+   ``int(num_str)``.  This can be used to use another datatype or parser for
+   JSON integers (e.g. :class:`float`).
 
    .. versionchanged:: 3.11
       The default *parse_int* of :func:`int` now limits the maximum length of
@@ -270,10 +270,9 @@ Basic Usage
       conversion length limitation <int_max_str_digits>` to help avoid denial
       of service attacks.
 
-   *parse_constant*, if specified, will be called with one of the following
-   strings: ``'-Infinity'``, ``'Infinity'``, ``'NaN'``.
-   This can be used to raise an exception if invalid JSON numbers
-   are encountered.
+   *parse_constant* is an optional function that will be called with one of the
+   following strings: ``'-Infinity'``, ``'Infinity'``, ``'NaN'``.  This can be
+   used to raise an exception if invalid JSON numbers are encountered.
 
    .. versionchanged:: 3.1
       *parse_constant* doesn't get called on 'null', 'true', 'false' anymore.
@@ -345,34 +344,33 @@ Encoders and Decoders
    It also understands ``NaN``, ``Infinity``, and ``-Infinity`` as their
    corresponding ``float`` values, which is outside the JSON spec.
 
-   *object_hook*, if specified, will be called with the result of every JSON
-   object decoded and its return value will be used in place of the given
-   :class:`dict`.  This can be used to provide custom deserializations (e.g. to
-   support `JSON-RPC <https://www.jsonrpc.org>`_ class hinting).
+   *object_hook* is an optional function that will be called with the result of
+   every JSON object decoded and its return value will be used in place of the
+   given :class:`dict`.  This can be used to provide custom deserializations
+   (e.g. to support `JSON-RPC <https://www.jsonrpc.org>`_ class hinting).
 
-   *object_pairs_hook*, if specified will be called with the result of every
-   JSON object decoded with an ordered list of pairs.  The return value of
-   *object_pairs_hook* will be used instead of the :class:`dict`.  This
-   feature can be used to implement custom decoders.  If *object_hook* is also
-   defined, the *object_pairs_hook* takes priority.
+   *object_pairs_hook* is an optional function that will be called with the
+   result of every JSON object decoded with an ordered list of pairs.  The
+   return value of *object_pairs_hook* will be used instead of the
+   :class:`dict`.  This feature can be used to implement custom decoders.  If
+   *object_hook* is also defined, the *object_pairs_hook* takes priority.
 
    .. versionchanged:: 3.1
       Added support for *object_pairs_hook*.
 
-   *parse_float*, if specified, will be called with the string of every JSON
-   float to be decoded.  By default, this is equivalent to ``float(num_str)``.
-   This can be used to use another datatype or parser for JSON floats
-   (e.g. :class:`decimal.Decimal`).
+   *parse_float* is an optional function that will be called with the string of
+   every JSON float to be decoded.  By default, this is equivalent to
+   ``float(num_str)``.  This can be used to use another datatype or parser for
+   JSON floats (e.g. :class:`decimal.Decimal`).
 
-   *parse_int*, if specified, will be called with the string of every JSON int
-   to be decoded.  By default, this is equivalent to ``int(num_str)``.  This can
-   be used to use another datatype or parser for JSON integers
-   (e.g. :class:`float`).
+   *parse_int* is an optional function that will be called with the string of
+   every JSON int to be decoded.  By default, this is equivalent to
+   ``int(num_str)``.  This can be used to use another datatype or parser for
+   JSON integers (e.g. :class:`float`).
 
-   *parse_constant*, if specified, will be called with one of the following
-   strings: ``'-Infinity'``, ``'Infinity'``, ``'NaN'``.
-   This can be used to raise an exception if invalid JSON numbers
-   are encountered.
+   *parse_constant* is an optional function that will be called with one of the
+   following strings: ``'-Infinity'``, ``'Infinity'``, ``'NaN'``.  This can be
+   used to raise an exception if invalid JSON numbers are encountered.
 
    If *strict* is false (``True`` is the default), then control characters
    will be allowed inside strings.  Control characters in this context are
@@ -559,7 +557,7 @@ Standard Compliance and Interoperability
 ----------------------------------------
 
 The JSON format is specified by :rfc:`7159` and by
-`ECMA-404 <https://www.ecma-international.org/publications-and-standards/standards/ecma-404/>`_.
+`ECMA-404 <https://ecma-international.org/publications-and-standards/standards/ecma-404/>`_.
 This section details this module's level of compliance with the RFC.
 For simplicity, :class:`JSONEncoder` and :class:`JSONDecoder` subclasses, and
 parameters other than those explicitly mentioned, are not considered.
@@ -678,31 +676,32 @@ when serializing instances of "exotic" numerical types such as
 
 
 .. _json-commandline:
-.. program:: json.tool
+.. program:: json
 
-Command Line Interface
+Command-line interface
 ----------------------
 
 .. module:: json.tool
-    :synopsis: A command line to validate and pretty-print JSON.
+    :synopsis: A command-line interface to validate and pretty-print JSON.
 
 **Source code:** :source:`Lib/json/tool.py`
 
 --------------
 
-The :mod:`json.tool` module provides a simple command line interface to validate
-and pretty-print JSON objects.
+The :mod:`json` module can be invoked as a script via ``python -m json``
+to validate and pretty-print JSON objects. The :mod:`json.tool` submodule
+implements this interface.
 
 If the optional ``infile`` and ``outfile`` arguments are not
 specified, :data:`sys.stdin` and :data:`sys.stdout` will be used respectively:
 
 .. code-block:: shell-session
 
-    $ echo '{"json": "obj"}' | python -m json.tool
+    $ echo '{"json": "obj"}' | python -m json
     {
         "json": "obj"
     }
-    $ echo '{1.2:3.4}' | python -m json.tool
+    $ echo '{1.2:3.4}' | python -m json
     Expecting property name enclosed in double quotes: line 1 column 2 (char 1)
 
 .. versionchanged:: 3.5
@@ -710,8 +709,13 @@ specified, :data:`sys.stdin` and :data:`sys.stdout` will be used respectively:
    :option:`--sort-keys` option to sort the output of dictionaries
    alphabetically by key.
 
+.. versionchanged:: 3.14
+   The :mod:`json` module may now be directly executed as
+   ``python -m json``. For backwards compatibility, invoking
+   the CLI as ``python -m json.tool`` remains supported.
+
 
-Command line options
+Command-line options
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
 .. option:: infile
@@ -720,7 +724,7 @@ Command line options
 
    .. code-block:: shell-session
 
-      $ python -m json.tool mp_films.json
+      $ python -m json mp_films.json
       [
           {
               "title": "And Now for Something Completely Different",
diff --git a/Doc/library/locale.rst b/Doc/library/locale.rst
index 0a8cbd4f95f473..f172a55080efc9 100644
--- a/Doc/library/locale.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/locale.rst
@@ -311,8 +311,18 @@ The :mod:`locale` module defines the following exception and functions:
 
    .. data:: ALT_DIGITS
 
-      Get a representation of up to 100 values used to represent the values
-      0 to 99.
+      Get a string consisting of up to 100 semicolon-separated symbols used
+      to represent the values 0 to 99 in a locale-specific way.
+      In most locales this is an empty string.
+
+   The function temporarily sets the ``LC_CTYPE`` locale to the locale
+   of the category that determines the requested value (``LC_TIME``,
+   ``LC_NUMERIC``, ``LC_MONETARY`` or ``LC_MESSAGES``) if locales are
+   different and the resulting string is non-ASCII.
+   This temporary change affects other threads.
+
+   .. versionchanged:: 3.14
+      The function now temporarily sets the ``LC_CTYPE`` locale in some cases.
 
 
 .. function:: getdefaultlocale([envvars])
@@ -424,7 +434,7 @@ The :mod:`locale` module defines the following exception and functions:
 .. function:: format_string(format, val, grouping=False, monetary=False)
 
    Formats a number *val* according to the current :const:`LC_NUMERIC` setting.
-   The format follows the conventions of the ``%`` operator.  For floating point
+   The format follows the conventions of the ``%`` operator.  For floating-point
    values, the decimal point is modified if appropriate.  If *grouping* is ``True``,
    also takes the grouping into account.
 
@@ -455,7 +465,7 @@ The :mod:`locale` module defines the following exception and functions:
 
 .. function:: str(float)
 
-   Formats a floating point number using the same format as the built-in function
+   Formats a floating-point number using the same format as the built-in function
    ``str(float)``, but takes the decimal point into account.
 
 
diff --git a/Doc/library/logging.config.rst b/Doc/library/logging.config.rst
index dfbf0b1cf2f9ff..0e9dc33ae2123a 100644
--- a/Doc/library/logging.config.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/logging.config.rst
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ in :mod:`logging` itself) and defining handlers which are declared either in
              dictConfigClass(config).configure()
 
    For example, a subclass of :class:`DictConfigurator` could call
-   ``DictConfigurator.__init__()`` in its own :meth:`__init__()`, then
+   ``DictConfigurator.__init__()`` in its own :meth:`__init__`, then
    set up custom prefixes which would be usable in the subsequent
    :meth:`configure` call. :attr:`dictConfigClass` would be bound to
    this new subclass, and then :func:`dictConfig` could be called exactly as
@@ -753,13 +753,17 @@ The ``queue`` and ``listener`` keys are optional.
 
 If the ``queue`` key is present, the corresponding value can be one of the following:
 
-* An actual instance of :class:`queue.Queue` or a subclass thereof. This is of course
-  only possible if you are constructing or modifying the configuration dictionary in
-  code.
+* An object implementing the :meth:`Queue.put_nowait <queue.Queue.put_nowait>`
+  and :meth:`Queue.get <queue.Queue.get>` public API. For instance, this may be
+  an actual instance of :class:`queue.Queue` or a subclass thereof, or a proxy
+  obtained by :meth:`multiprocessing.managers.SyncManager.Queue`.
+
+  This is of course only possible if you are constructing or modifying
+  the configuration dictionary in code.
 
 * A string that resolves to a callable which, when called with no arguments, returns
-  the :class:`queue.Queue` instance to use. That callable could be a
-  :class:`queue.Queue` subclass or a function which returns a suitable queue instance,
+  the queue instance to use. That callable could be a :class:`queue.Queue` subclass
+  or a function which returns a suitable queue instance,
   such as ``my.module.queue_factory()``.
 
 * A dict with a ``'()'`` key which is constructed in the usual way as discussed in
diff --git a/Doc/library/logging.rst b/Doc/library/logging.rst
index 4ba520c139ebce..235bcc281ac8f8 100644
--- a/Doc/library/logging.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/logging.rst
@@ -304,7 +304,8 @@ in a module, ``__name__`` is the module's name in the Python package namespace.
       parameter mirrors the equivalent one in the :mod:`warnings` module.
 
       The fourth keyword argument is *extra* which can be used to pass a
-      dictionary which is used to populate the __dict__ of the :class:`LogRecord`
+      dictionary which is used to populate the :attr:`~object.__dict__` of the
+      :class:`LogRecord`
       created for the logging event with user-defined attributes. These custom
       attributes can then be used as you like. For example, they could be
       incorporated into logged messages. For example::
@@ -352,10 +353,6 @@ in a module, ``__name__`` is the module's name in the Python package namespace.
       .. versionchanged:: 3.8
          The *stacklevel* parameter was added.
 
-      .. versionchanged:: 3.13
-         Remove the undocumented ``warn()`` method which was an alias to the
-         :meth:`warning` method.
-
 
    .. method:: Logger.info(msg, *args, **kwargs)
 
@@ -368,6 +365,10 @@ in a module, ``__name__`` is the module's name in the Python package namespace.
       Logs a message with level :const:`WARNING` on this logger. The arguments are
       interpreted as for :meth:`debug`.
 
+      .. note:: There is an obsolete method ``warn`` which is functionally
+         identical to ``warning``. As ``warn`` is deprecated, please do not use
+         it - use ``warning`` instead.
+
    .. method:: Logger.error(msg, *args, **kwargs)
 
       Logs a message with level :const:`ERROR` on this logger. The arguments are
@@ -1098,11 +1099,11 @@ information into logging calls. For a usage example, see the section on
 
    .. attribute:: manager
 
-      Delegates to the underlying :attr:`!manager`` on *logger*.
+      Delegates to the underlying :attr:`!manager` on *logger*.
 
    .. attribute:: _log
 
-      Delegates to the underlying :meth:`!_log`` method on *logger*.
+      Delegates to the underlying :meth:`!_log` method on *logger*.
 
    In addition to the above, :class:`LoggerAdapter` supports the following
    methods of :class:`Logger`: :meth:`~Logger.debug`, :meth:`~Logger.info`,
@@ -1124,11 +1125,6 @@ information into logging calls. For a usage example, see the section on
       Attribute :attr:`!manager` and method :meth:`!_log` were added, which
       delegate to the underlying logger and allow adapters to be nested.
 
-   .. versionchanged:: 3.13
-
-      Remove the undocumented :meth:`!warn`` method which was an alias to the
-      :meth:`!warning` method.
-
    .. versionchanged:: 3.13
 
       The *merge_extra* argument was added.
@@ -1224,10 +1220,6 @@ functions.
       identical to ``warning``. As ``warn`` is deprecated, please do not use
       it - use ``warning`` instead.
 
-   .. versionchanged:: 3.13
-      Remove the undocumented ``warn()`` function which was an alias to the
-      :func:`warning` function.
-
 
 .. function:: error(msg, *args, **kwargs)
 
diff --git a/Doc/library/mailbox.rst b/Doc/library/mailbox.rst
index 40ea71cd342b47..abb32f9bf3457f 100644
--- a/Doc/library/mailbox.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/mailbox.rst
@@ -1387,7 +1387,7 @@ When an :class:`!MHMessage` instance is created based upon a
 
    .. method:: get_visible()
 
-      Return an :class:`Message` instance whose headers are the message's
+      Return a :class:`Message` instance whose headers are the message's
       visible headers and whose body is empty.
 
 
diff --git a/Doc/library/marshal.rst b/Doc/library/marshal.rst
index f9ba4d554b0c22..9e4606df0f774e 100644
--- a/Doc/library/marshal.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/marshal.rst
@@ -42,8 +42,8 @@ supports a substantially wider range of objects than marshal.
 
 Not all Python object types are supported; in general, only objects whose value
 is independent from a particular invocation of Python can be written and read by
-this module.  The following types are supported: booleans, integers, floating
-point numbers, complex numbers, strings, bytes, bytearrays, tuples, lists, sets,
+this module.  The following types are supported: booleans, integers, floating-point
+numbers, complex numbers, strings, bytes, bytearrays, tuples, lists, sets,
 frozensets, dictionaries, and code objects (if *allow_code* is true),
 where it should be understood that
 tuples, lists, sets, frozensets and dictionaries are only supported as long as
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ In addition, the following constants are defined:
 
    Indicates the format that the module uses. Version 0 is the historical
    format, version 1 shares interned strings and version 2 uses a binary format
-   for floating point numbers.
+   for floating-point numbers.
    Version 3 adds support for object instancing and recursion.
    The current version is 4.
 
diff --git a/Doc/library/math.rst b/Doc/library/math.rst
index 316144992d6832..dd2ba419b5bd12 100644
--- a/Doc/library/math.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/math.rst
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ Number-theoretic and representation functions
 
 .. function:: fsum(iterable)
 
-   Return an accurate floating point sum of values in the iterable.  Avoids
+   Return an accurate floating-point sum of values in the iterable.  Avoids
    loss of precision by tracking multiple intermediate partial sums.
 
    The algorithm's accuracy depends on IEEE-754 arithmetic guarantees and the
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ Number-theoretic and representation functions
    least significant bit.
 
    For further discussion and two alternative approaches, see the `ASPN cookbook
-   recipes for accurate floating point summation
+   recipes for accurate floating-point summation
    <https://code.activestate.com/recipes/393090-binary-floating-point-summation-accurate-to-full-p/>`_\.
 
 
@@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ Number-theoretic and representation functions
    If the result of the remainder operation is zero, that zero will have
    the same sign as *x*.
 
-   On platforms using IEEE 754 binary floating-point, the result of this
+   On platforms using IEEE 754 binary floating point, the result of this
    operation is always exactly representable: no rounding error is introduced.
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.7
diff --git a/Doc/library/mimetypes.rst b/Doc/library/mimetypes.rst
index 91e8c30f8607b3..8ad4850584a7e1 100644
--- a/Doc/library/mimetypes.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/mimetypes.rst
@@ -295,3 +295,13 @@ than one MIME-type database; it provides an interface similar to the one of the
       types, else to the list of non-standard types.
 
       .. versionadded:: 3.2
+
+
+   .. method:: MimeTypes.add_type(type, ext, strict=True)
+
+      Add a mapping from the MIME type *type* to the extension *ext*. When the
+      extension is already known, the new type will replace the old one. When the type
+      is already known the extension will be added to the list of known extensions.
+
+      When *strict* is ``True`` (the default), the mapping will be added to the
+      official MIME types, otherwise to the non-standard ones.
diff --git a/Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst b/Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst
index 49762491bae5f4..036b8f44b9ff3b 100644
--- a/Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 
 --------------
 
-.. include:: ../includes/wasm-ios-notavail.rst
+.. include:: ../includes/wasm-mobile-notavail.rst
 
 Introduction
 ------------
@@ -124,11 +124,11 @@ to start a process.  These *start methods* are
     inherited by the child process.  Note that safely forking a
     multithreaded process is problematic.
 
-    Available on POSIX systems.  Currently the default on POSIX except macOS.
+    Available on POSIX systems.
 
-    .. note::
-       The default start method will change away from *fork* in Python 3.14.
-       Code that requires *fork* should explicitly specify that via
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.14
+       This is no longer the default start method on any platform.
+       Code that requires *fork* must explicitly specify that via
        :func:`get_context` or :func:`set_start_method`.
 
     .. versionchanged:: 3.12
@@ -146,9 +146,11 @@ to start a process.  These *start methods* are
     side-effect so it is generally safe for it to use :func:`os.fork`.
     No unnecessary resources are inherited.
 
-    Available on POSIX platforms which support passing file descriptors
-    over Unix pipes such as Linux.
+    Available on POSIX platforms which support passing file descriptors over
+    Unix pipes such as Linux.  The default on those.
 
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.14
+       This became the default start method on POSIX platforms.
 
 .. versionchanged:: 3.4
    *spawn* added on all POSIX platforms, and *forkserver* added for
@@ -162,6 +164,13 @@ to start a process.  These *start methods* are
    method should be considered unsafe as it can lead to crashes of the
    subprocess as macOS system libraries may start threads. See :issue:`33725`.
 
+.. versionchanged:: 3.14
+
+   On POSIX platforms the default start method was changed from *fork* to
+   *forkserver* to retain the performance but avoid common multithreaded
+   process incompatibilities. See :gh:`84559`.
+
+
 On POSIX using the *spawn* or *forkserver* start methods will also
 start a *resource tracker* process which tracks the unlinked named
 system resources (such as named semaphores or
@@ -254,6 +263,7 @@ processes:
           p.join()
 
    Queues are thread and process safe.
+   Any object put into a :mod:`~multiprocessing` queue will be serialized.
 
 **Pipes**
 
@@ -281,6 +291,8 @@ processes:
    of corruption from processes using different ends of the pipe at the same
    time.
 
+   The :meth:`~Connection.send` method serializes the the object and
+   :meth:`~Connection.recv` re-creates the object.
 
 Synchronization between processes
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
@@ -502,7 +514,7 @@ The :mod:`multiprocessing` package mostly replicates the API of the
    The constructor should always be called with keyword arguments. *group*
    should always be ``None``; it exists solely for compatibility with
    :class:`threading.Thread`.  *target* is the callable object to be invoked by
-   the :meth:`run()` method.  It defaults to ``None``, meaning nothing is
+   the :meth:`run` method.  It defaults to ``None``, meaning nothing is
    called. *name* is the process name (see :attr:`name` for more details).
    *args* is the argument tuple for the target invocation.  *kwargs* is a
    dictionary of keyword arguments for the target invocation.  If provided,
@@ -639,7 +651,7 @@ The :mod:`multiprocessing` package mostly replicates the API of the
 
       You can use this value if you want to wait on several events at
       once using :func:`multiprocessing.connection.wait`.  Otherwise
-      calling :meth:`join()` is simpler.
+      calling :meth:`join` is simpler.
 
       On Windows, this is an OS handle usable with the ``WaitForSingleObject``
       and ``WaitForMultipleObjects`` family of API calls.  On POSIX, this is
@@ -666,7 +678,7 @@ The :mod:`multiprocessing` package mostly replicates the API of the
 
    .. method:: kill()
 
-      Same as :meth:`terminate()` but using the ``SIGKILL`` signal on POSIX.
+      Same as :meth:`terminate` but using the ``SIGKILL`` signal on POSIX.
 
       .. versionadded:: 3.7
 
@@ -709,7 +721,7 @@ The :mod:`multiprocessing` package mostly replicates the API of the
 
 .. exception:: BufferTooShort
 
-   Exception raised by :meth:`Connection.recv_bytes_into()` when the supplied
+   Exception raised by :meth:`Connection.recv_bytes_into` when the supplied
    buffer object is too small for the message read.
 
    If ``e`` is an instance of :exc:`BufferTooShort` then ``e.args[0]`` will give
@@ -745,6 +757,11 @@ If you use :class:`JoinableQueue` then you **must** call
 semaphore used to count the number of unfinished tasks may eventually overflow,
 raising an exception.
 
+One difference from other Python queue implementations, is that :mod:`multiprocessing`
+queues serializes all objects that are put into them using :mod:`pickle`.
+The object return by the get method is a re-created object that does not share memory
+with the original object.
+
 Note that one can also create a shared queue by using a manager object -- see
 :ref:`multiprocessing-managers`.
 
@@ -811,6 +828,8 @@ For an example of the usage of queues for interprocess communication see
    used for receiving messages and ``conn2`` can only be used for sending
    messages.
 
+   The :meth:`~multiprocessing.Connection.send` method serializes the the object using
+   :mod:`pickle` and the :meth:`~multiprocessing.Connection.recv` re-creates the object.
 
 .. class:: Queue([maxsize])
 
@@ -837,6 +856,8 @@ For an example of the usage of queues for interprocess communication see
       Return ``True`` if the queue is empty, ``False`` otherwise.  Because of
       multithreading/multiprocessing semantics, this is not reliable.
 
+      May raise an :exc:`OSError` on closed queues. (not guaranteed)
+
    .. method:: full()
 
       Return ``True`` if the queue is full, ``False`` otherwise.  Because of
@@ -940,6 +961,8 @@ For an example of the usage of queues for interprocess communication see
 
       Return ``True`` if the queue is empty, ``False`` otherwise.
 
+      Always raises an :exc:`OSError` if the SimpleQueue is closed.
+
    .. method:: get()
 
       Remove and return an item from the queue.
@@ -1459,17 +1482,6 @@ object -- see :ref:`multiprocessing-managers`.
    On macOS, ``sem_timedwait`` is unsupported, so calling ``acquire()`` with
    a timeout will emulate that function's behavior using a sleeping loop.
 
-.. note::
-
-   If the SIGINT signal generated by :kbd:`Ctrl-C` arrives while the main thread is
-   blocked by a call to :meth:`BoundedSemaphore.acquire`, :meth:`Lock.acquire`,
-   :meth:`RLock.acquire`, :meth:`Semaphore.acquire`, :meth:`Condition.acquire`
-   or :meth:`Condition.wait` then the call will be immediately interrupted and
-   :exc:`KeyboardInterrupt` will be raised.
-
-   This differs from the behaviour of :mod:`threading` where SIGINT will be
-   ignored while the equivalent blocking calls are in progress.
-
 .. note::
 
    Some of this package's functionality requires a functioning shared semaphore
@@ -2958,7 +2970,7 @@ Beware of replacing :data:`sys.stdin` with a "file like object"
     resulting in a bad file descriptor error, but introduces a potential danger
     to applications which replace :func:`sys.stdin` with a "file-like object"
     with output buffering.  This danger is that if multiple processes call
-    :meth:`~io.IOBase.close()` on this file-like object, it could result in the same
+    :meth:`~io.IOBase.close` on this file-like object, it could result in the same
     data being flushed to the object multiple times, resulting in corruption.
 
     If you write a file-like object and implement your own caching, you can
diff --git a/Doc/library/operator.rst b/Doc/library/operator.rst
index a9a6026af406fe..e8e71068dd99eb 100644
--- a/Doc/library/operator.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/operator.rst
@@ -80,6 +80,20 @@ truth tests, identity tests, and boolean operations:
    Return ``a is not b``.  Tests object identity.
 
 
+.. function:: is_none(a)
+
+   Return ``a is None``.  Tests object identity.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.14
+
+
+.. function:: is_not_none(a)
+
+   Return ``a is not None``.  Tests object identity.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.14
+
+
 The mathematical and bitwise operations are the most numerous:
 
 
@@ -405,6 +419,10 @@ Python syntax and the functions in the :mod:`operator` module.
 +-----------------------+-------------------------+---------------------------------------+
 | Identity              | ``a is not b``          | ``is_not(a, b)``                      |
 +-----------------------+-------------------------+---------------------------------------+
+| Identity              | ``a is None``           | ``is_none(a)``                        |
++-----------------------+-------------------------+---------------------------------------+
+| Identity              | ``a is not None``       | ``is_not_none(a)``                    |
++-----------------------+-------------------------+---------------------------------------+
 | Indexed Assignment    | ``obj[k] = v``          | ``setitem(obj, k, v)``                |
 +-----------------------+-------------------------+---------------------------------------+
 | Indexed Deletion      | ``del obj[k]``          | ``delitem(obj, k)``                   |
diff --git a/Doc/library/optparse.rst b/Doc/library/optparse.rst
index 3e96259f94d47b..74a49a8fb33666 100644
--- a/Doc/library/optparse.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/optparse.rst
@@ -1352,7 +1352,7 @@ The whole point of creating and populating an OptionParser is to call its
       the list of arguments to process (default: ``sys.argv[1:]``)
 
    ``values``
-      an :class:`Values` object to store option arguments in (default: a
+      a :class:`Values` object to store option arguments in (default: a
       new instance of :class:`Values`) -- if you give an existing object, the
       option defaults will not be initialized on it
 
diff --git a/Doc/library/os.path.rst b/Doc/library/os.path.rst
index b582321515db56..ecbbc1d7605f9f 100644
--- a/Doc/library/os.path.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/os.path.rst
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ the :mod:`glob` module.)
 
    Return the longest common sub-path of each pathname in the iterable
    *paths*.  Raise :exc:`ValueError` if *paths* contain both absolute
-   and relative pathnames, the *paths* are on the different drives or
+   and relative pathnames, if *paths* are on different drives, or
    if *paths* is empty.  Unlike :func:`commonprefix`, this returns a
    valid path.
 
@@ -201,14 +201,14 @@ the :mod:`glob` module.)
 
 .. function:: getatime(path)
 
-   Return the time of last access of *path*.  The return value is a floating point number giving
+   Return the time of last access of *path*.  The return value is a floating-point number giving
    the number of seconds since the epoch (see the  :mod:`time` module).  Raise
    :exc:`OSError` if the file does not exist or is inaccessible.
 
 
 .. function:: getmtime(path)
 
-   Return the time of last modification of *path*.  The return value is a floating point number
+   Return the time of last modification of *path*.  The return value is a floating-point number
    giving the number of seconds since the epoch (see the  :mod:`time` module).
    Raise :exc:`OSError` if the file does not exist or is inaccessible.
 
@@ -389,7 +389,7 @@ the :mod:`glob` module.)
    that contains symbolic links.  On Windows, it converts forward slashes to
    backward slashes. To normalize case, use :func:`normcase`.
 
-  .. note::
+   .. note::
       On POSIX systems, in accordance with `IEEE Std 1003.1 2013 Edition; 4.13
       Pathname Resolution <https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/basedefs/V1_chap04.html#tag_04_13>`_,
       if a pathname begins with exactly two slashes, the first component
diff --git a/Doc/library/os.rst b/Doc/library/os.rst
index b93b06d4e72afc..081d7a6f97b079 100644
--- a/Doc/library/os.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/os.rst
@@ -34,8 +34,8 @@ Notes on the availability of these functions:
 
 * On VxWorks, os.popen, os.fork, os.execv and os.spawn*p* are not supported.
 
-* On WebAssembly platforms, and on iOS, large parts of the :mod:`os` module are
-  not available or behave differently. API related to processes (e.g.
+* On WebAssembly platforms, Android and iOS, large parts of the :mod:`os` module are
+  not available or behave differently. APIs related to processes (e.g.
   :func:`~os.fork`, :func:`~os.execve`) and resources (e.g. :func:`~os.nice`)
   are not available. Others like :func:`~os.getuid` and :func:`~os.getpid` are
   emulated or stubs. WebAssembly platforms also lack support for signals (e.g.
@@ -113,8 +113,8 @@ of the UTF-8 encoding:
 
 * Use UTF-8 as the :term:`filesystem encoding <filesystem encoding and error
   handler>`.
-* :func:`sys.getfilesystemencoding()` returns ``'utf-8'``.
-* :func:`locale.getpreferredencoding()` returns ``'utf-8'`` (the *do_setlocale*
+* :func:`sys.getfilesystemencoding` returns ``'utf-8'``.
+* :func:`locale.getpreferredencoding` returns ``'utf-8'`` (the *do_setlocale*
   argument has no effect).
 * :data:`sys.stdin`, :data:`sys.stdout`, and :data:`sys.stderr` all use
   UTF-8 as their text encoding, with the ``surrogateescape``
@@ -133,8 +133,8 @@ level APIs also exhibit different default behaviours:
 
 * Command line arguments, environment variables and filenames are decoded
   to text using the UTF-8 encoding.
-* :func:`os.fsdecode()` and :func:`os.fsencode()` use the UTF-8 encoding.
-* :func:`open()`, :func:`io.open()`, and :func:`codecs.open()` use the UTF-8
+* :func:`os.fsdecode` and :func:`os.fsencode` use the UTF-8 encoding.
+* :func:`open`, :func:`io.open`, and :func:`codecs.open` use the UTF-8
   encoding by default. However, they still use the strict error handler by
   default so that attempting to open a binary file in text mode is likely
   to raise an exception rather than producing nonsense data.
@@ -193,6 +193,10 @@ process and user.
    to the environment made after this time are not reflected in :data:`os.environ`,
    except for changes made by modifying :data:`os.environ` directly.
 
+   The :meth:`!os.environ.refresh` method updates :data:`os.environ` with
+   changes to the environment made by :func:`os.putenv`, by
+   :func:`os.unsetenv`, or made outside Python in the same process.
+
    This mapping may be used to modify the environment as well as query the
    environment.  :func:`putenv` will be called automatically when the mapping
    is modified.
@@ -225,6 +229,9 @@ process and user.
    .. versionchanged:: 3.9
       Updated to support :pep:`584`'s merge (``|``) and update (``|=``) operators.
 
+   .. versionchanged:: 3.14
+      Added the :meth:`!os.environ.refresh` method.
+
 
 .. data:: environb
 
@@ -542,7 +549,7 @@ process and user.
    the groups of which the specified username is a member, plus the specified
    group id.
 
-   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI.
+   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI, not Android.
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.2
 
@@ -561,6 +568,8 @@ process and user.
    of :data:`os.environ`. This also applies to :func:`getenv` and :func:`getenvb`, which
    respectively use :data:`os.environ` and :data:`os.environb` in their implementations.
 
+   See also the :data:`os.environ.refresh() <os.environ>` method.
+
    .. note::
 
       On some platforms, including FreeBSD and macOS, setting ``environ`` may
@@ -576,21 +585,21 @@ process and user.
 
    Set the current process's effective group id.
 
-   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI.
+   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI, not Android.
 
 
 .. function:: seteuid(euid, /)
 
    Set the current process's effective user id.
 
-   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI.
+   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI, not Android.
 
 
 .. function:: setgid(gid, /)
 
    Set the current process' group id.
 
-   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI.
+   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI, not Android.
 
 
 .. function:: setgroups(groups, /)
@@ -684,14 +693,14 @@ process and user.
 
    Set the current process's real and effective group ids.
 
-   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI.
+   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI, not Android.
 
 
 .. function:: setresgid(rgid, egid, sgid, /)
 
    Set the current process's real, effective, and saved group ids.
 
-   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI.
+   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI, not Android.
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.2
 
@@ -700,7 +709,7 @@ process and user.
 
    Set the current process's real, effective, and saved user ids.
 
-   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI.
+   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI, not Android.
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.2
 
@@ -709,7 +718,7 @@ process and user.
 
    Set the current process's real and effective user ids.
 
-   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI.
+   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI, not Android.
 
 
 .. function:: getsid(pid, /)
@@ -732,7 +741,7 @@ process and user.
 
    Set the current process's user id.
 
-   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI.
+   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI, not Android.
 
 
 .. placed in this section since it relates to errno.... a little weak
@@ -785,7 +794,7 @@ process and user.
    ``socket.gethostbyaddr(socket.gethostname())``.
 
    On macOS, iOS and Android, this returns the *kernel* name and version (i.e.,
-   ``'Darwin'`` on macOS and iOS; ``'Linux'`` on Android). :func:`platform.uname()`
+   ``'Darwin'`` on macOS and iOS; ``'Linux'`` on Android). :func:`platform.uname`
    can be used to get the user-facing operating system name and version on iOS and
    Android.
 
@@ -809,6 +818,8 @@ process and user.
    don't update :data:`os.environ`, so it is actually preferable to delete items of
    :data:`os.environ`.
 
+   See also the :data:`os.environ.refresh() <os.environ>` method.
+
    .. audit-event:: os.unsetenv key os.unsetenv
 
    .. versionchanged:: 3.9
@@ -1551,7 +1562,7 @@ or `the MSDN <https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/z0kc8e3z.aspx>`_ on Windo
 
 .. function:: pwritev(fd, buffers, offset, flags=0, /)
 
-   Write the *buffers* contents to file descriptor *fd* at a offset *offset*,
+   Write the *buffers* contents to file descriptor *fd* at an offset *offset*,
    leaving the file offset unchanged.  *buffers* must be a sequence of
    :term:`bytes-like objects <bytes-like object>`. Buffers are processed in
    array order. Entire contents of the first buffer is written before
@@ -1713,10 +1724,27 @@ or `the MSDN <https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/z0kc8e3z.aspx>`_ on Windo
       Added support for pipes on Windows.
 
 
-.. function:: splice(src, dst, count, offset_src=None, offset_dst=None)
+.. function:: splice(src, dst, count, offset_src=None, offset_dst=None, flags=0)
 
    Transfer *count* bytes from file descriptor *src*, starting from offset
    *offset_src*, to file descriptor *dst*, starting from offset *offset_dst*.
+
+   The splicing behaviour can be modified by specifying a *flags* value.
+   Any of the following variables may used, combined using bitwise OR
+   (the ``|`` operator):
+
+   * If :const:`SPLICE_F_MOVE` is specified,
+     the kernel is asked to move pages instead of copying,
+     but pages may still be copied if the kernel cannot move the pages from the pipe.
+
+   * If :const:`SPLICE_F_NONBLOCK` is specified,
+     the kernel is asked to not block on I/O.
+     This makes the splice pipe operations nonblocking,
+     but splice may nevertheless block because the spliced file descriptors may block.
+
+   * If :const:`SPLICE_F_MORE` is specified,
+     it hints to the kernel that more data will be coming in a subsequent splice.
+
    At least one of the file descriptors must refer to a pipe. If *offset_src*
    is ``None``, then *src* is read from the current position; respectively for
    *offset_dst*. The offset associated to the file descriptor that refers to a
@@ -1735,6 +1763,8 @@ or `the MSDN <https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/z0kc8e3z.aspx>`_ on Windo
    make sense to block because there are no writers connected to the write end
    of the pipe.
 
+   .. seealso:: The :manpage:`splice(2)` man page.
+
    .. availability:: Linux >= 2.6.17 with glibc >= 2.5
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.10
@@ -2178,7 +2208,7 @@ features:
 
    Change the root directory of the current process to *path*.
 
-   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI.
+   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI, not Android.
 
    .. versionchanged:: 3.6
       Accepts a :term:`path-like object`.
@@ -2830,7 +2860,7 @@ features:
 
    .. versionchanged:: 3.6
       Added support for the :term:`context manager` protocol and the
-      :func:`~scandir.close()` method.  If a :func:`scandir` iterator is neither
+      :func:`~scandir.close` method.  If a :func:`scandir` iterator is neither
       exhausted nor explicitly closed a :exc:`ResourceWarning` will be emitted
       in its destructor.
 
@@ -3775,7 +3805,7 @@ features:
    new file descriptor is :ref:`non-inheritable <fd_inheritance>`.
 
    *initval* is the initial value of the event counter. The initial value
-   must be an 32 bit unsigned integer. Please note that the initial value is
+   must be a 32 bit unsigned integer. Please note that the initial value is
    limited to a 32 bit unsigned int although the event counter is an unsigned
    64 bit integer with a maximum value of 2\ :sup:`64`\ -\ 2.
 
@@ -3854,7 +3884,7 @@ features:
 
 .. data:: EFD_SEMAPHORE
 
-   Provide semaphore-like semantics for reads from a :func:`eventfd` file
+   Provide semaphore-like semantics for reads from an :func:`eventfd` file
    descriptor. On read the internal counter is decremented by one.
 
    .. availability:: Linux >= 2.6.30
@@ -3862,6 +3892,8 @@ features:
    .. versionadded:: 3.10
 
 
+.. _os-timerfd:
+
 Timer File Descriptors
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
@@ -4282,7 +4314,7 @@ to be ignored.
 
    .. audit-event:: os.exec path,args,env os.execl
 
-   .. availability:: Unix, Windows, not WASI, not iOS.
+   .. availability:: Unix, Windows, not WASI, not Android, not iOS.
 
    .. versionchanged:: 3.3
       Added support for specifying *path* as an open file descriptor
@@ -4485,7 +4517,7 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program.
       for technical details of why we're surfacing this longstanding
       platform compatibility problem to developers.
 
-   .. availability:: POSIX, not WASI, not iOS.
+   .. availability:: POSIX, not WASI, not Android, not iOS.
 
 
 .. function:: forkpty()
@@ -4512,7 +4544,7 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program.
       threads, this now raises a :exc:`DeprecationWarning`. See the
       longer explanation on :func:`os.fork`.
 
-   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI, not iOS.
+   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI, not Android, not iOS.
 
 
 .. function:: kill(pid, sig, /)
@@ -4570,7 +4602,7 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program.
 
    See the :manpage:`pidfd_open(2)` man page for more details.
 
-   .. availability:: Linux >= 5.3
+   .. availability:: Linux >= 5.3, Android >= :func:`build-time <sys.getandroidapilevel>` API level 31
    .. versionadded:: 3.9
 
    .. data:: PIDFD_NONBLOCK
@@ -4621,7 +4653,7 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program.
    documentation for more powerful ways to manage and communicate with
    subprocesses.
 
-   .. availability:: not WASI, not iOS.
+   .. availability:: not WASI, not Android, not iOS.
 
    .. note::
       The :ref:`Python UTF-8 Mode <utf8-mode>` affects encodings used
@@ -4631,6 +4663,10 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program.
       Use :class:`subprocess.Popen` or :func:`subprocess.run` to
       control options like encodings.
 
+   .. deprecated:: 3.14
+      The function is :term:`soft deprecated` and should no longer be used to
+      write new code. The :mod:`subprocess` module is recommended instead.
+
 
 .. function:: posix_spawn(path, argv, env, *, file_actions=None, \
                           setpgroup=None, resetids=False, setsid=False, setsigmask=(), \
@@ -4729,7 +4765,7 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program.
       ``os.POSIX_SPAWN_CLOSEFROM`` is available on platforms where
       :c:func:`!posix_spawn_file_actions_addclosefrom_np` exists.
 
-   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI, not iOS.
+   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI, not Android, not iOS.
 
 .. function:: posix_spawnp(path, argv, env, *, file_actions=None, \
                           setpgroup=None, resetids=False, setsid=False, setsigmask=(), \
@@ -4745,7 +4781,7 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program.
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.8
 
-   .. availability:: POSIX, not WASI, not iOS.
+   .. availability:: POSIX, not WASI, not Android, not iOS.
 
       See :func:`posix_spawn` documentation.
 
@@ -4778,7 +4814,7 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program.
 
    There is no way to unregister a function.
 
-   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI, not iOS.
+   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI, not Android, not iOS.
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.7
 
@@ -4847,7 +4883,7 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program.
 
    .. audit-event:: os.spawn mode,path,args,env os.spawnl
 
-   .. availability:: Unix, Windows, not WASI, not iOS.
+   .. availability:: Unix, Windows, not WASI, not Android, not iOS.
 
       :func:`spawnlp`, :func:`spawnlpe`, :func:`spawnvp`
       and :func:`spawnvpe` are not available on Windows.  :func:`spawnle` and
@@ -4857,6 +4893,10 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program.
    .. versionchanged:: 3.6
       Accepts a :term:`path-like object`.
 
+   .. deprecated:: 3.14
+      These functions are :term:`soft deprecated` and should no longer be used
+      to write new code. The :mod:`subprocess` module is recommended instead.
+
 
 .. data:: P_NOWAIT
           P_NOWAITO
@@ -4961,7 +5001,7 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program.
    shell documentation.
 
    The :mod:`subprocess` module provides more powerful facilities for spawning
-   new processes and retrieving their results; using that module is preferable
+   new processes and retrieving their results; using that module is recommended
    to using this function.  See the :ref:`subprocess-replacements` section in
    the :mod:`subprocess` documentation for some helpful recipes.
 
@@ -4971,7 +5011,7 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program.
 
    .. audit-event:: os.system command os.system
 
-   .. availability:: Unix, Windows, not WASI, not iOS.
+   .. availability:: Unix, Windows, not WASI, not Android, not iOS.
 
 
 .. function:: times()
@@ -5015,7 +5055,7 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program.
    :func:`waitstatus_to_exitcode` can be used to convert the exit status into an
    exit code.
 
-   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI, not iOS.
+   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI, not Android, not iOS.
 
    .. seealso::
 
@@ -5049,7 +5089,7 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program.
    Otherwise, if there are no matching children
    that could be waited for, :exc:`ChildProcessError` is raised.
 
-   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI, not iOS.
+   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI, not Android, not iOS.
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.3
 
@@ -5090,7 +5130,7 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program.
    :func:`waitstatus_to_exitcode` can be used to convert the exit status into an
    exit code.
 
-   .. availability:: Unix, Windows, not WASI, not iOS.
+   .. availability:: Unix, Windows, not WASI, not Android, not iOS.
 
    .. versionchanged:: 3.5
       If the system call is interrupted and the signal handler does not raise an
@@ -5110,7 +5150,7 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program.
    :func:`waitstatus_to_exitcode` can be used to convert the exit status into an
    exitcode.
 
-   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI, not iOS.
+   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI, not Android, not iOS.
 
 
 .. function:: wait4(pid, options)
@@ -5124,7 +5164,7 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program.
    :func:`waitstatus_to_exitcode` can be used to convert the exit status into an
    exitcode.
 
-   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI, not iOS.
+   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI, not Android, not iOS.
 
 
 .. data:: P_PID
@@ -5141,7 +5181,7 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program.
    * :data:`!P_PIDFD` - wait for the child identified by the file descriptor
      *id* (a process file descriptor created with :func:`pidfd_open`).
 
-   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI, not iOS.
+   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI, not Android, not iOS.
 
    .. note:: :data:`!P_PIDFD` is only available on Linux >= 5.4.
 
@@ -5156,7 +5196,7 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program.
    :func:`waitid` causes child processes to be reported if they have been
    continued from a job control stop since they were last reported.
 
-   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI, not iOS.
+   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI, not Android, not iOS.
 
 
 .. data:: WEXITED
@@ -5167,7 +5207,7 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program.
    The other ``wait*`` functions always report children that have terminated,
    so this option is not available for them.
 
-   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI, not iOS.
+   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI, not Android, not iOS.
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.3
 
@@ -5179,7 +5219,7 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program.
 
    This option is not available for the other ``wait*`` functions.
 
-   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI, not iOS.
+   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI, not Android, not iOS.
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.3
 
@@ -5192,7 +5232,7 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program.
 
    This option is not available for :func:`waitid`.
 
-   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI, not iOS.
+   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI, not Android, not iOS.
 
 
 .. data:: WNOHANG
@@ -5201,7 +5241,7 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program.
    :func:`waitid` to return right away if no child process status is available
    immediately.
 
-   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI, not iOS.
+   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI, not Android, not iOS.
 
 
 .. data:: WNOWAIT
@@ -5211,7 +5251,7 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program.
 
    This option is not available for the other ``wait*`` functions.
 
-   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI, not iOS.
+   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI, not Android, not iOS.
 
 
 .. data:: CLD_EXITED
@@ -5224,7 +5264,7 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program.
    These are the possible values for :attr:`!si_code` in the result returned by
    :func:`waitid`.
 
-   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI, not iOS.
+   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI, not Android, not iOS.
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.3
 
@@ -5259,7 +5299,7 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program.
       :func:`WIFEXITED`, :func:`WEXITSTATUS`, :func:`WIFSIGNALED`,
       :func:`WTERMSIG`, :func:`WIFSTOPPED`, :func:`WSTOPSIG` functions.
 
-   .. availability:: Unix, Windows, not WASI, not iOS.
+   .. availability:: Unix, Windows, not WASI, not Android, not iOS.
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.9
 
@@ -5275,7 +5315,7 @@ used to determine the disposition of a process.
 
    This function should be employed only if :func:`WIFSIGNALED` is true.
 
-   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI, not iOS.
+   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI, not Android, not iOS.
 
 
 .. function:: WIFCONTINUED(status)
@@ -5286,7 +5326,7 @@ used to determine the disposition of a process.
 
    See :data:`WCONTINUED` option.
 
-   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI, not iOS.
+   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI, not Android, not iOS.
 
 
 .. function:: WIFSTOPPED(status)
@@ -5298,14 +5338,14 @@ used to determine the disposition of a process.
    done using :data:`WUNTRACED` option or when the process is being traced (see
    :manpage:`ptrace(2)`).
 
-   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI, not iOS.
+   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI, not Android, not iOS.
 
 .. function:: WIFSIGNALED(status)
 
    Return ``True`` if the process was terminated by a signal, otherwise return
    ``False``.
 
-   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI, not iOS.
+   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI, not Android, not iOS.
 
 
 .. function:: WIFEXITED(status)
@@ -5314,7 +5354,7 @@ used to determine the disposition of a process.
    by calling ``exit()`` or ``_exit()``, or by returning from ``main()``;
    otherwise return ``False``.
 
-   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI, not iOS.
+   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI, not Android, not iOS.
 
 
 .. function:: WEXITSTATUS(status)
@@ -5323,7 +5363,7 @@ used to determine the disposition of a process.
 
    This function should be employed only if :func:`WIFEXITED` is true.
 
-   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI, not iOS.
+   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI, not Android, not iOS.
 
 
 .. function:: WSTOPSIG(status)
@@ -5332,7 +5372,7 @@ used to determine the disposition of a process.
 
    This function should be employed only if :func:`WIFSTOPPED` is true.
 
-   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI, not iOS.
+   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI, not Android, not iOS.
 
 
 .. function:: WTERMSIG(status)
@@ -5341,7 +5381,7 @@ used to determine the disposition of a process.
 
    This function should be employed only if :func:`WIFSIGNALED` is true.
 
-   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI, not iOS.
+   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI, not Android, not iOS.
 
 
 Interface to the scheduler
@@ -5539,7 +5579,7 @@ Miscellaneous System Information
    If :option:`-X cpu_count <-X>` is given or :envvar:`PYTHON_CPU_COUNT` is set,
    :func:`process_cpu_count` returns the overridden value *n*.
 
-   See also the :func:`sched_getaffinity` functions.
+   See also the :func:`sched_getaffinity` function.
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.13
 
diff --git a/Doc/library/pathlib.rst b/Doc/library/pathlib.rst
index b7ab44706a0160..4380122eb1be7d 100644
--- a/Doc/library/pathlib.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/pathlib.rst
@@ -21,6 +21,12 @@ inherit from pure paths but also provide I/O operations.
 .. image:: pathlib-inheritance.png
    :align: center
    :class: invert-in-dark-mode
+   :alt: Inheritance diagram showing the classes available in pathlib. The
+         most basic class is PurePath, which has three direct subclasses:
+         PurePosixPath, PureWindowsPath, and Path. Further to these four
+         classes, there are two classes that use multiple inheritance:
+         PosixPath subclasses PurePosixPath and Path, and WindowsPath
+         subclasses PureWindowsPath and Path.
 
 If you've never used this module before or just aren't sure which class is
 right for your task, :class:`Path` is most likely what you need. It instantiates
@@ -172,8 +178,8 @@ we also call *flavours*:
    A subclass of :class:`PurePath`, this path flavour represents non-Windows
    filesystem paths::
 
-      >>> PurePosixPath('/etc')
-      PurePosixPath('/etc')
+      >>> PurePosixPath('/etc/hosts')
+      PurePosixPath('/etc/hosts')
 
    *pathsegments* is specified similarly to :class:`PurePath`.
 
@@ -182,8 +188,8 @@ we also call *flavours*:
    A subclass of :class:`PurePath`, this path flavour represents Windows
    filesystem paths, including `UNC paths`_::
 
-      >>> PureWindowsPath('c:/Program Files/')
-      PureWindowsPath('c:/Program Files')
+      >>> PureWindowsPath('c:/', 'Users', 'Ximénez')
+      PureWindowsPath('c:/Users/Ximénez')
       >>> PureWindowsPath('//server/share/file')
       PureWindowsPath('//server/share/file')
 
@@ -777,8 +783,8 @@ calls on path objects.  There are three ways to instantiate concrete paths:
    A subclass of :class:`Path` and :class:`PurePosixPath`, this class
    represents concrete non-Windows filesystem paths::
 
-      >>> PosixPath('/etc')
-      PosixPath('/etc')
+      >>> PosixPath('/etc/hosts')
+      PosixPath('/etc/hosts')
 
    *pathsegments* is specified similarly to :class:`PurePath`.
 
@@ -792,8 +798,8 @@ calls on path objects.  There are three ways to instantiate concrete paths:
    A subclass of :class:`Path` and :class:`PureWindowsPath`, this class
    represents concrete Windows filesystem paths::
 
-      >>> WindowsPath('c:/Program Files/')
-      WindowsPath('c:/Program Files')
+      >>> WindowsPath('c:/', 'Users', 'Ximénez')
+      WindowsPath('c:/Users/Ximénez')
 
    *pathsegments* is specified similarly to :class:`PurePath`.
 
@@ -885,15 +891,116 @@ conforming to :rfc:`8089`.
    it strictly impure.
 
 
+Expanding and resolving paths
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+.. classmethod:: Path.home()
+
+   Return a new path object representing the user's home directory (as
+   returned by :func:`os.path.expanduser` with ``~`` construct). If the home
+   directory can't be resolved, :exc:`RuntimeError` is raised.
+
+   ::
+
+      >>> Path.home()
+      PosixPath('/home/antoine')
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.5
+
+
+.. method:: Path.expanduser()
+
+   Return a new path with expanded ``~`` and ``~user`` constructs,
+   as returned by :meth:`os.path.expanduser`. If a home directory can't be
+   resolved, :exc:`RuntimeError` is raised.
+
+   ::
+
+      >>> p = PosixPath('~/films/Monty Python')
+      >>> p.expanduser()
+      PosixPath('/home/eric/films/Monty Python')
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.5
+
+
+.. classmethod:: Path.cwd()
+
+   Return a new path object representing the current directory (as returned
+   by :func:`os.getcwd`)::
+
+      >>> Path.cwd()
+      PosixPath('/home/antoine/pathlib')
+
+
+.. method:: Path.absolute()
+
+   Make the path absolute, without normalization or resolving symlinks.
+   Returns a new path object::
+
+      >>> p = Path('tests')
+      >>> p
+      PosixPath('tests')
+      >>> p.absolute()
+      PosixPath('/home/antoine/pathlib/tests')
+
+
+.. method:: Path.resolve(strict=False)
+
+   Make the path absolute, resolving any symlinks.  A new path object is
+   returned::
+
+      >>> p = Path()
+      >>> p
+      PosixPath('.')
+      >>> p.resolve()
+      PosixPath('/home/antoine/pathlib')
+
+   "``..``" components are also eliminated (this is the only method to do so)::
+
+      >>> p = Path('docs/../setup.py')
+      >>> p.resolve()
+      PosixPath('/home/antoine/pathlib/setup.py')
+
+   If a path doesn't exist or a symlink loop is encountered, and *strict* is
+   ``True``, :exc:`OSError` is raised.  If *strict* is ``False``, the path is
+   resolved as far as possible and any remainder is appended without checking
+   whether it exists.
+
+   .. versionchanged:: 3.6
+      The *strict* parameter was added (pre-3.6 behavior is strict).
+
+   .. versionchanged:: 3.13
+      Symlink loops are treated like other errors: :exc:`OSError` is raised in
+      strict mode, and no exception is raised in non-strict mode. In previous
+      versions, :exc:`RuntimeError` is raised no matter the value of *strict*.
+
+
+.. method:: Path.readlink()
+
+   Return the path to which the symbolic link points (as returned by
+   :func:`os.readlink`)::
+
+      >>> p = Path('mylink')
+      >>> p.symlink_to('setup.py')
+      >>> p.readlink()
+      PosixPath('setup.py')
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.9
+
+   .. versionchanged:: 3.13
+      Raises :exc:`UnsupportedOperation` if :func:`os.readlink` is not
+      available. In previous versions, :exc:`NotImplementedError` was raised.
+
+
 Querying file type and status
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
 .. versionchanged:: 3.8
 
-   :meth:`~Path.exists()`, :meth:`~Path.is_dir()`, :meth:`~Path.is_file()`,
-   :meth:`~Path.is_mount()`, :meth:`~Path.is_symlink()`,
-   :meth:`~Path.is_block_device()`, :meth:`~Path.is_char_device()`,
-   :meth:`~Path.is_fifo()`, :meth:`~Path.is_socket()` now return ``False``
+   :meth:`~Path.exists`, :meth:`~Path.is_dir`, :meth:`~Path.is_file`,
+   :meth:`~Path.is_mount`, :meth:`~Path.is_symlink`,
+   :meth:`~Path.is_block_device`, :meth:`~Path.is_char_device`,
+   :meth:`~Path.is_fifo`, :meth:`~Path.is_socket` now return ``False``
    instead of raising an exception for paths that contain characters
    unrepresentable at the OS level.
 
@@ -909,7 +1016,7 @@ Querying file type and status
 
 .. method:: Path.stat(*, follow_symlinks=True)
 
-   Return a :class:`os.stat_result` object containing information about this path, like :func:`os.stat`.
+   Return an :class:`os.stat_result` object containing information about this path, like :func:`os.stat`.
    The result is looked up at each call to this method.
 
    This method normally follows symlinks; to stat a symlink add the argument
@@ -1278,7 +1385,7 @@ Reading directories
    This can be used to prune the search, or to impose a specific order of visiting,
    or even to inform :meth:`Path.walk` about directories the caller creates or
    renames before it resumes :meth:`Path.walk` again. Modifying *dirnames* when
-   *top_down* is false has no effect on the behavior of :meth:`Path.walk()` since the
+   *top_down* is false has no effect on the behavior of :meth:`Path.walk` since the
    directories in *dirnames* have already been generated by the time *dirnames*
    is yielded to the caller.
 
@@ -1343,93 +1450,26 @@ Reading directories
    .. versionadded:: 3.12
 
 
-Other methods
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-.. classmethod:: Path.cwd()
-
-   Return a new path object representing the current directory (as returned
-   by :func:`os.getcwd`)::
-
-      >>> Path.cwd()
-      PosixPath('/home/antoine/pathlib')
-
-
-.. classmethod:: Path.home()
-
-   Return a new path object representing the user's home directory (as
-   returned by :func:`os.path.expanduser` with ``~`` construct). If the home
-   directory can't be resolved, :exc:`RuntimeError` is raised.
-
-   ::
-
-      >>> Path.home()
-      PosixPath('/home/antoine')
-
-   .. versionadded:: 3.5
-
-
-.. method:: Path.chmod(mode, *, follow_symlinks=True)
-
-   Change the file mode and permissions, like :func:`os.chmod`.
-
-   This method normally follows symlinks. Some Unix flavours support changing
-   permissions on the symlink itself; on these platforms you may add the
-   argument ``follow_symlinks=False``, or use :meth:`~Path.lchmod`.
-
-   ::
-
-      >>> p = Path('setup.py')
-      >>> p.stat().st_mode
-      33277
-      >>> p.chmod(0o444)
-      >>> p.stat().st_mode
-      33060
-
-   .. versionchanged:: 3.10
-      The *follow_symlinks* parameter was added.
-
-.. method:: Path.expanduser()
-
-   Return a new path with expanded ``~`` and ``~user`` constructs,
-   as returned by :meth:`os.path.expanduser`. If a home directory can't be
-   resolved, :exc:`RuntimeError` is raised.
-
-   ::
-
-      >>> p = PosixPath('~/films/Monty Python')
-      >>> p.expanduser()
-      PosixPath('/home/eric/films/Monty Python')
-
-   .. versionadded:: 3.5
-
-
-.. method:: Path.group(*, follow_symlinks=True)
-
-   Return the name of the group owning the file. :exc:`KeyError` is raised
-   if the file's gid isn't found in the system database.
-
-   This method normally follows symlinks; to get the group of the symlink, add
-   the argument ``follow_symlinks=False``.
-
-   .. versionchanged:: 3.13
-      Raises :exc:`UnsupportedOperation` if the :mod:`grp` module is not
-      available. In previous versions, :exc:`NotImplementedError` was raised.
-
-   .. versionchanged:: 3.13
-      The *follow_symlinks* parameter was added.
+Creating files and directories
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
+.. method:: Path.touch(mode=0o666, exist_ok=True)
 
-.. method:: Path.lchmod(mode)
+   Create a file at this given path.  If *mode* is given, it is combined
+   with the process's ``umask`` value to determine the file mode and access
+   flags.  If the file already exists, the function succeeds when *exist_ok*
+   is true (and its modification time is updated to the current time),
+   otherwise :exc:`FileExistsError` is raised.
 
-   Like :meth:`Path.chmod` but, if the path points to a symbolic link, the
-   symbolic link's mode is changed rather than its target's.
+   .. seealso::
+      The :meth:`~Path.open`, :meth:`~Path.write_text` and
+      :meth:`~Path.write_bytes` methods are often used to create files.
 
 
 .. method:: Path.mkdir(mode=0o777, parents=False, exist_ok=False)
 
    Create a new directory at this given path.  If *mode* is given, it is
-   combined with the process' ``umask`` value to determine the file mode
+   combined with the process's ``umask`` value to determine the file mode
    and access flags.  If the path already exists, :exc:`FileExistsError`
    is raised.
 
@@ -1451,44 +1491,97 @@ Other methods
       The *exist_ok* parameter was added.
 
 
-.. method:: Path.owner(*, follow_symlinks=True)
+.. method:: Path.symlink_to(target, target_is_directory=False)
 
-   Return the name of the user owning the file. :exc:`KeyError` is raised
-   if the file's uid isn't found in the system database.
+   Make this path a symbolic link pointing to *target*.
 
-   This method normally follows symlinks; to get the owner of the symlink, add
-   the argument ``follow_symlinks=False``.
+   On Windows, a symlink represents either a file or a directory, and does not
+   morph to the target dynamically.  If the target is present, the type of the
+   symlink will be created to match. Otherwise, the symlink will be created
+   as a directory if *target_is_directory* is true or a file symlink (the
+   default) otherwise.  On non-Windows platforms, *target_is_directory* is ignored.
 
-   .. versionchanged:: 3.13
-      Raises :exc:`UnsupportedOperation` if the :mod:`pwd` module is not
-      available. In previous versions, :exc:`NotImplementedError` was raised.
+   ::
+
+      >>> p = Path('mylink')
+      >>> p.symlink_to('setup.py')
+      >>> p.resolve()
+      PosixPath('/home/antoine/pathlib/setup.py')
+      >>> p.stat().st_size
+      956
+      >>> p.lstat().st_size
+      8
+
+   .. note::
+      The order of arguments (link, target) is the reverse
+      of :func:`os.symlink`'s.
 
    .. versionchanged:: 3.13
-      The *follow_symlinks* parameter was added.
+      Raises :exc:`UnsupportedOperation` if :func:`os.symlink` is not
+      available. In previous versions, :exc:`NotImplementedError` was raised.
 
 
-.. method:: Path.readlink()
+.. method:: Path.hardlink_to(target)
 
-   Return the path to which the symbolic link points (as returned by
-   :func:`os.readlink`)::
+   Make this path a hard link to the same file as *target*.
 
-      >>> p = Path('mylink')
-      >>> p.symlink_to('setup.py')
-      >>> p.readlink()
-      PosixPath('setup.py')
+   .. note::
+      The order of arguments (link, target) is the reverse
+      of :func:`os.link`'s.
 
-   .. versionadded:: 3.9
+   .. versionadded:: 3.10
 
    .. versionchanged:: 3.13
-      Raises :exc:`UnsupportedOperation` if :func:`os.readlink` is not
+      Raises :exc:`UnsupportedOperation` if :func:`os.link` is not
       available. In previous versions, :exc:`NotImplementedError` was raised.
 
 
+Copying, moving and deleting
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+.. method:: Path.copy(target, *, follow_symlinks=True, dirs_exist_ok=False, \
+                      preserve_metadata=False)
+
+   Copy this file or directory tree to the given *target*, and return a new
+   :class:`!Path` instance pointing to *target*.
+
+   If the source is a file, the target will be replaced if it is an existing
+   file. If the source is a symlink and *follow_symlinks* is true (the
+   default), the symlink's target is copied. Otherwise, the symlink is
+   recreated at the destination.
+
+   If the source is a directory and *dirs_exist_ok* is false (the default), a
+   :exc:`FileExistsError` is raised if the target is an existing directory.
+   If *dirs_exists_ok* is true, the copying operation will overwrite
+   existing files within the destination tree with corresponding files
+   from the source tree.
+
+   If *preserve_metadata* is false (the default), only directory structures
+   and file data are guaranteed to be copied. Set *preserve_metadata* to true
+   to ensure that file and directory permissions, flags, last access and
+   modification times, and extended attributes are copied where supported.
+   This argument has no effect when copying files on Windows (where
+   metadata is always preserved).
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.14
+
+
+.. method:: Path.copy_into(target_dir, *, follow_symlinks=True, \
+                           dirs_exist_ok=False, preserve_metadata=False)
+
+   Copy this file or directory tree into the given *target_dir*, which should
+   be an existing directory. Other arguments are handled identically to
+   :meth:`Path.copy`. Returns a new :class:`!Path` instance pointing to the
+   copy.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.14
+
+
 .. method:: Path.rename(target)
 
-   Rename this file or directory to the given *target*, and return a new Path
-   instance pointing to *target*.  On Unix, if *target* exists and is a file,
-   it will be replaced silently if the user has permission.
+   Rename this file or directory to the given *target*, and return a new
+   :class:`!Path` instance pointing to *target*.  On Unix, if *target* exists
+   and is a file, it will be replaced silently if the user has permission.
    On Windows, if *target* exists, :exc:`FileExistsError` will be raised.
    *target* can be either a string or another path object::
 
@@ -1502,143 +1595,135 @@ Other methods
       'some text'
 
    The target path may be absolute or relative. Relative paths are interpreted
-   relative to the current working directory, *not* the directory of the Path
-   object.
+   relative to the current working directory, *not* the directory of the
+   :class:`!Path` object.
 
    It is implemented in terms of :func:`os.rename` and gives the same guarantees.
 
    .. versionchanged:: 3.8
-      Added return value, return the new Path instance.
+      Added return value, return the new :class:`!Path` instance.
 
 
 .. method:: Path.replace(target)
 
-   Rename this file or directory to the given *target*, and return a new Path
-   instance pointing to *target*.  If *target* points to an existing file or
-   empty directory, it will be unconditionally replaced.
+   Rename this file or directory to the given *target*, and return a new
+   :class:`!Path` instance pointing to *target*.  If *target* points to an
+   existing file or empty directory, it will be unconditionally replaced.
 
    The target path may be absolute or relative. Relative paths are interpreted
-   relative to the current working directory, *not* the directory of the Path
-   object.
+   relative to the current working directory, *not* the directory of the
+   :class:`!Path` object.
 
    .. versionchanged:: 3.8
-      Added return value, return the new Path instance.
+      Added return value, return the new :class:`!Path` instance.
 
 
-.. method:: Path.absolute()
+.. method:: Path.move(target)
 
-   Make the path absolute, without normalization or resolving symlinks.
-   Returns a new path object::
+   Move this file or directory tree to the given *target*, and return a new
+   :class:`!Path` instance pointing to *target*.
 
-      >>> p = Path('tests')
-      >>> p
-      PosixPath('tests')
-      >>> p.absolute()
-      PosixPath('/home/antoine/pathlib/tests')
+   If the *target* doesn't exist it will be created. If both this path and the
+   *target* are existing files, then the target is overwritten. If both paths
+   point to the same file or directory, or the *target* is a non-empty
+   directory, then :exc:`OSError` is raised.
 
+   If both paths are on the same filesystem, the move is performed with
+   :func:`os.replace`. Otherwise, this path is copied (preserving metadata and
+   symlinks) and then deleted.
 
-.. method:: Path.resolve(strict=False)
+   .. versionadded:: 3.14
 
-   Make the path absolute, resolving any symlinks.  A new path object is
-   returned::
 
-      >>> p = Path()
-      >>> p
-      PosixPath('.')
-      >>> p.resolve()
-      PosixPath('/home/antoine/pathlib')
+.. method:: Path.move_into(target_dir)
 
-   "``..``" components are also eliminated (this is the only method to do so)::
+   Move this file or directory tree into the given *target_dir*, which should
+   be an existing directory. Returns a new :class:`!Path` instance pointing to
+   the moved path.
 
-      >>> p = Path('docs/../setup.py')
-      >>> p.resolve()
-      PosixPath('/home/antoine/pathlib/setup.py')
+   .. versionadded:: 3.14
 
-   If a path doesn't exist or a symlink loop is encountered, and *strict* is
-   ``True``, :exc:`OSError` is raised.  If *strict* is ``False``, the path is
-   resolved as far as possible and any remainder is appended without checking
-   whether it exists.
 
-   .. versionchanged:: 3.6
-      The *strict* parameter was added (pre-3.6 behavior is strict).
+.. method:: Path.unlink(missing_ok=False)
+
+   Remove this file or symbolic link.  If the path points to a directory,
+   use :func:`Path.rmdir` instead.
+
+   If *missing_ok* is false (the default), :exc:`FileNotFoundError` is
+   raised if the path does not exist.
+
+   If *missing_ok* is true, :exc:`FileNotFoundError` exceptions will be
+   ignored (same behavior as the POSIX ``rm -f`` command).
+
+   .. versionchanged:: 3.8
+      The *missing_ok* parameter was added.
 
-   .. versionchanged:: 3.13
-      Symlink loops are treated like other errors: :exc:`OSError` is raised in
-      strict mode, and no exception is raised in non-strict mode. In previous
-      versions, :exc:`RuntimeError` is raised no matter the value of *strict*.
 
 .. method:: Path.rmdir()
 
    Remove this directory.  The directory must be empty.
 
 
-.. method:: Path.symlink_to(target, target_is_directory=False)
-
-   Make this path a symbolic link pointing to *target*.
+Permissions and ownership
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
-   On Windows, a symlink represents either a file or a directory, and does not
-   morph to the target dynamically.  If the target is present, the type of the
-   symlink will be created to match. Otherwise, the symlink will be created
-   as a directory if *target_is_directory* is ``True`` or a file symlink (the
-   default) otherwise.  On non-Windows platforms, *target_is_directory* is ignored.
+.. method:: Path.owner(*, follow_symlinks=True)
 
-   ::
+   Return the name of the user owning the file. :exc:`KeyError` is raised
+   if the file's user identifier (UID) isn't found in the system database.
 
-      >>> p = Path('mylink')
-      >>> p.symlink_to('setup.py')
-      >>> p.resolve()
-      PosixPath('/home/antoine/pathlib/setup.py')
-      >>> p.stat().st_size
-      956
-      >>> p.lstat().st_size
-      8
+   This method normally follows symlinks; to get the owner of the symlink, add
+   the argument ``follow_symlinks=False``.
 
-   .. note::
-      The order of arguments (link, target) is the reverse
-      of :func:`os.symlink`'s.
+   .. versionchanged:: 3.13
+      Raises :exc:`UnsupportedOperation` if the :mod:`pwd` module is not
+      available. In earlier versions, :exc:`NotImplementedError` was raised.
 
    .. versionchanged:: 3.13
-      Raises :exc:`UnsupportedOperation` if :func:`os.symlink` is not
-      available. In previous versions, :exc:`NotImplementedError` was raised.
+      The *follow_symlinks* parameter was added.
 
 
-.. method:: Path.hardlink_to(target)
+.. method:: Path.group(*, follow_symlinks=True)
 
-   Make this path a hard link to the same file as *target*.
+   Return the name of the group owning the file. :exc:`KeyError` is raised
+   if the file's group identifier (GID) isn't found in the system database.
 
-   .. note::
-      The order of arguments (link, target) is the reverse
-      of :func:`os.link`'s.
+   This method normally follows symlinks; to get the group of the symlink, add
+   the argument ``follow_symlinks=False``.
 
-   .. versionadded:: 3.10
+   .. versionchanged:: 3.13
+      Raises :exc:`UnsupportedOperation` if the :mod:`grp` module is not
+      available. In earlier versions, :exc:`NotImplementedError` was raised.
 
    .. versionchanged:: 3.13
-      Raises :exc:`UnsupportedOperation` if :func:`os.link` is not
-      available. In previous versions, :exc:`NotImplementedError` was raised.
+      The *follow_symlinks* parameter was added.
 
 
-.. method:: Path.touch(mode=0o666, exist_ok=True)
+.. method:: Path.chmod(mode, *, follow_symlinks=True)
 
-   Create a file at this given path.  If *mode* is given, it is combined
-   with the process' ``umask`` value to determine the file mode and access
-   flags.  If the file already exists, the function succeeds if *exist_ok*
-   is true (and its modification time is updated to the current time),
-   otherwise :exc:`FileExistsError` is raised.
+   Change the file mode and permissions, like :func:`os.chmod`.
+
+   This method normally follows symlinks. Some Unix flavours support changing
+   permissions on the symlink itself; on these platforms you may add the
+   argument ``follow_symlinks=False``, or use :meth:`~Path.lchmod`.
 
+   ::
 
-.. method:: Path.unlink(missing_ok=False)
+      >>> p = Path('setup.py')
+      >>> p.stat().st_mode
+      33277
+      >>> p.chmod(0o444)
+      >>> p.stat().st_mode
+      33060
 
-   Remove this file or symbolic link.  If the path points to a directory,
-   use :func:`Path.rmdir` instead.
+   .. versionchanged:: 3.10
+      The *follow_symlinks* parameter was added.
 
-   If *missing_ok* is false (the default), :exc:`FileNotFoundError` is
-   raised if the path does not exist.
 
-   If *missing_ok* is true, :exc:`FileNotFoundError` exceptions will be
-   ignored (same behavior as the POSIX ``rm -f`` command).
+.. method:: Path.lchmod(mode)
 
-   .. versionchanged:: 3.8
-      The *missing_ok* parameter was added.
+   Like :meth:`Path.chmod` but, if the path points to a symbolic link, the
+   symbolic link's mode is changed rather than its target's.
 
 
 .. _pathlib-pattern-language:
@@ -1762,39 +1847,54 @@ Corresponding tools
 Below is a table mapping various :mod:`os` functions to their corresponding
 :class:`PurePath`/:class:`Path` equivalent.
 
-====================================   ==============================
-:mod:`os` and :mod:`os.path`           :mod:`pathlib`
-====================================   ==============================
-:func:`os.path.abspath`                :meth:`Path.absolute`
-:func:`os.path.realpath`               :meth:`Path.resolve`
-:func:`os.chmod`                       :meth:`Path.chmod`
-:func:`os.mkdir`                       :meth:`Path.mkdir`
-:func:`os.makedirs`                    :meth:`Path.mkdir`
-:func:`os.rename`                      :meth:`Path.rename`
-:func:`os.replace`                     :meth:`Path.replace`
-:func:`os.rmdir`                       :meth:`Path.rmdir`
-:func:`os.remove`, :func:`os.unlink`   :meth:`Path.unlink`
-:func:`os.getcwd`                      :func:`Path.cwd`
-:func:`os.path.exists`                 :meth:`Path.exists`
-:func:`os.path.expanduser`             :meth:`Path.expanduser` and
-                                       :meth:`Path.home`
-:func:`os.listdir`                     :meth:`Path.iterdir`
-:func:`os.walk`                        :meth:`Path.walk`
-:func:`os.path.isdir`                  :meth:`Path.is_dir`
-:func:`os.path.isfile`                 :meth:`Path.is_file`
-:func:`os.path.islink`                 :meth:`Path.is_symlink`
-:func:`os.link`                        :meth:`Path.hardlink_to`
-:func:`os.symlink`                     :meth:`Path.symlink_to`
-:func:`os.readlink`                    :meth:`Path.readlink`
-:func:`os.path.relpath`                :meth:`PurePath.relative_to`
-:func:`os.stat`                        :meth:`Path.stat`,
-                                       :meth:`Path.owner`,
-                                       :meth:`Path.group`
-:func:`os.path.isabs`                  :meth:`PurePath.is_absolute`
-:func:`os.path.join`                   :func:`PurePath.joinpath`
-:func:`os.path.basename`               :attr:`PurePath.name`
-:func:`os.path.dirname`                :attr:`PurePath.parent`
-:func:`os.path.samefile`               :meth:`Path.samefile`
-:func:`os.path.splitext`               :attr:`PurePath.stem` and
-                                       :attr:`PurePath.suffix`
-====================================   ==============================
+=====================================   ==============================================
+:mod:`os` and :mod:`os.path`            :mod:`pathlib`
+=====================================   ==============================================
+:func:`os.path.dirname`                 :attr:`PurePath.parent`
+:func:`os.path.basename`                :attr:`PurePath.name`
+:func:`os.path.splitext`                :attr:`PurePath.stem`, :attr:`PurePath.suffix`
+:func:`os.path.join`                    :meth:`PurePath.joinpath`
+:func:`os.path.isabs`                   :meth:`PurePath.is_absolute`
+:func:`os.path.relpath`                 :meth:`PurePath.relative_to` [1]_
+:func:`os.path.expanduser`              :meth:`Path.expanduser` [2]_
+:func:`os.path.realpath`                :meth:`Path.resolve`
+:func:`os.path.abspath`                 :meth:`Path.absolute` [3]_
+:func:`os.path.exists`                  :meth:`Path.exists`
+:func:`os.path.isfile`                  :meth:`Path.is_file`
+:func:`os.path.isdir`                   :meth:`Path.is_dir`
+:func:`os.path.islink`                  :meth:`Path.is_symlink`
+:func:`os.path.isjunction`              :meth:`Path.is_junction`
+:func:`os.path.ismount`                 :meth:`Path.is_mount`
+:func:`os.path.samefile`                :meth:`Path.samefile`
+:func:`os.getcwd`                       :meth:`Path.cwd`
+:func:`os.stat`                         :meth:`Path.stat`
+:func:`os.lstat`                        :meth:`Path.lstat`
+:func:`os.listdir`                      :meth:`Path.iterdir`
+:func:`os.walk`                         :meth:`Path.walk` [4]_
+:func:`os.mkdir`, :func:`os.makedirs`   :meth:`Path.mkdir`
+:func:`os.link`                         :meth:`Path.hardlink_to`
+:func:`os.symlink`                      :meth:`Path.symlink_to`
+:func:`os.readlink`                     :meth:`Path.readlink`
+:func:`os.rename`                       :meth:`Path.rename`
+:func:`os.replace`                      :meth:`Path.replace`
+:func:`os.remove`, :func:`os.unlink`    :meth:`Path.unlink`
+:func:`os.rmdir`                        :meth:`Path.rmdir`
+:func:`os.chmod`                        :meth:`Path.chmod`
+:func:`os.lchmod`                       :meth:`Path.lchmod`
+=====================================   ==============================================
+
+.. rubric:: Footnotes
+
+.. [1] :func:`os.path.relpath` calls :func:`~os.path.abspath` to make paths
+   absolute and remove "``..``" parts, whereas :meth:`PurePath.relative_to`
+   is a lexical operation that raises :exc:`ValueError` when its inputs'
+   anchors differ (e.g. if one path is absolute and the other relative.)
+.. [2] :func:`os.path.expanduser` returns the path unchanged if the home
+   directory can't be resolved, whereas :meth:`Path.expanduser` raises
+   :exc:`RuntimeError`.
+.. [3] :func:`os.path.abspath` removes "``..``" components without resolving
+   symlinks, which may change the meaning of the path, whereas
+   :meth:`Path.absolute` leaves any "``..``" components in the path.
+.. [4] :func:`os.walk` always follows symlinks when categorizing paths into
+   *dirnames* and *filenames*, whereas :meth:`Path.walk` categorizes all
+   symlinks into *filenames* when *follow_symlinks* is false (the default.)
diff --git a/Doc/library/pdb.rst b/Doc/library/pdb.rst
index f6085171dccb38..6c099b22b38c21 100644
--- a/Doc/library/pdb.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/pdb.rst
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ You can then step through the code following this statement, and continue
 running without the debugger using the :pdbcmd:`continue` command.
 
 .. versionchanged:: 3.7
-   The built-in :func:`breakpoint()`, when called with defaults, can be used
+   The built-in :func:`breakpoint`, when called with defaults, can be used
    instead of ``import pdb; pdb.set_trace()``.
 
 ::
@@ -159,12 +159,15 @@ slightly different way:
    is entered.
 
 
-.. function:: set_trace(*, header=None)
+.. function:: set_trace(*, header=None, commands=None)
 
    Enter the debugger at the calling stack frame.  This is useful to hard-code
    a breakpoint at a given point in a program, even if the code is not
    otherwise being debugged (e.g. when an assertion fails).  If given,
    *header* is printed to the console just before debugging begins.
+   The *commands* argument, if given, is a list of commands to execute
+   when the debugger starts.
+
 
    .. versionchanged:: 3.7
       The keyword-only argument *header*.
@@ -173,6 +176,9 @@ slightly different way:
       :func:`set_trace` will enter the debugger immediately, rather than
       on the next line of code to be executed.
 
+   .. versionadded:: 3.14
+      The *commands* argument.
+
 .. function:: post_mortem(traceback=None)
 
    Enter post-mortem debugging of the given *traceback* object.  If no
@@ -192,7 +198,7 @@ The ``run*`` functions and :func:`set_trace` are aliases for instantiating the
 access further features, you have to do this yourself:
 
 .. class:: Pdb(completekey='tab', stdin=None, stdout=None, skip=None, \
-               nosigint=False, readrc=True)
+               nosigint=False, readrc=True, mode=None)
 
    :class:`Pdb` is the debugger class.
 
@@ -211,6 +217,13 @@ access further features, you have to do this yourself:
    The *readrc* argument defaults to true and controls whether Pdb will load
    .pdbrc files from the filesystem.
 
+   The *mode* argument specifies how the debugger was invoked.
+   It impacts the workings of some debugger commands.
+   Valid values are ``'inline'`` (used by the breakpoint() builtin),
+   ``'cli'`` (used by the command line invocation)
+   or ``None`` (for backwards compatible behaviour, as before the *mode*
+   argument was added).
+
    Example call to enable tracing with *skip*::
 
       import pdb; pdb.Pdb(skip=['django.*']).set_trace()
@@ -227,6 +240,9 @@ access further features, you have to do this yourself:
    .. versionchanged:: 3.6
       The *readrc* argument.
 
+   .. versionadded:: 3.14
+      Added the *mode* argument.
+
    .. method:: run(statement, globals=None, locals=None)
                runeval(expression, globals=None, locals=None)
                runcall(function, *args, **kwds)
@@ -321,11 +337,17 @@ can be overridden by the local file.
    argument must be an identifier, ``help exec`` must be entered to get help on
    the ``!`` command.
 
-.. pdbcommand:: w(here)
+.. pdbcommand:: w(here) [count]
 
-   Print a stack trace, with the most recent frame at the bottom.  An arrow (``>``)
+   Print a stack trace, with the most recent frame at the bottom.  if *count*
+   is 0, print the current frame entry. If *count* is negative, print the least
+   recent - *count* frames. If *count* is positive, print the most recent
+   *count* frames.  An arrow (``>``)
    indicates the current frame, which determines the context of most commands.
 
+   .. versionchanged:: 3.14
+      *count* argument is added.
+
 .. pdbcommand:: d(own) [count]
 
    Move the current frame *count* (default one) levels down in the stack trace
@@ -417,17 +439,20 @@ can be overridden by the local file.
 
    Specifying any command resuming execution
    (currently :pdbcmd:`continue`, :pdbcmd:`step`, :pdbcmd:`next`,
-   :pdbcmd:`return`, :pdbcmd:`jump`, :pdbcmd:`quit` and their abbreviations)
+   :pdbcmd:`return`, :pdbcmd:`until`, :pdbcmd:`jump`, :pdbcmd:`quit` and their abbreviations)
    terminates the command list (as if
    that command was immediately followed by end). This is because any time you
    resume execution (even with a simple next or step), you may encounter another
    breakpoint—which could have its own command list, leading to ambiguities about
    which list to execute.
 
-   If you use the ``silent`` command in the command list, the usual message about
-   stopping at a breakpoint is not printed.  This may be desirable for breakpoints
-   that are to print a specific message and then continue.  If none of the other
-   commands print anything, you see no sign that the breakpoint was reached.
+   If the list of commands contains the ``silent`` command, or a command that
+   resumes execution, then the breakpoint message containing information about
+   the frame is not displayed.
+
+   .. versionchanged:: 3.14
+      Frame information will not be displayed if a command that resumes execution
+      is present in the command list.
 
 .. pdbcommand:: s(tep)
 
@@ -663,6 +688,10 @@ can be overridden by the local file.
    History, breakpoints, actions and debugger options are preserved.
    :pdbcmd:`restart` is an alias for :pdbcmd:`run`.
 
+   .. versionchanged:: 3.14
+      :pdbcmd:`run` and :pdbcmd:`restart` commands are disabled when the
+      debugger is invoked in ``'inline'`` mode.
+
 .. pdbcommand:: q(uit)
 
    Quit from the debugger.  The program being executed is aborted.
diff --git a/Doc/library/pickle.rst b/Doc/library/pickle.rst
index 57fbe5b6ece6b6..71fe3743c5968d 100644
--- a/Doc/library/pickle.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/pickle.rst
@@ -156,13 +156,14 @@ to read the pickle produced.
 
 * Protocol version 4 was added in Python 3.4.  It adds support for very large
   objects, pickling more kinds of objects, and some data format
-  optimizations.  It is the default protocol starting with Python 3.8.
+  optimizations.  This was the default protocol in Python 3.8--3.13.
   Refer to :pep:`3154` for information about improvements brought by
   protocol 4.
 
 * Protocol version 5 was added in Python 3.8.  It adds support for out-of-band
-  data and speedup for in-band data.  Refer to :pep:`574` for information about
-  improvements brought by protocol 5.
+  data and speedup for in-band data.  It is the default protocol starting with
+  Python 3.14.  Refer to :pep:`574` for information about improvements brought
+  by protocol 5.
 
 .. note::
    Serialization is a more primitive notion than persistence; although
@@ -199,8 +200,10 @@ The :mod:`pickle` module provides the following constants:
 
    An integer, the default :ref:`protocol version <pickle-protocols>` used
    for pickling.  May be less than :data:`HIGHEST_PROTOCOL`.  Currently the
-   default protocol is 4, first introduced in Python 3.4 and incompatible
-   with previous versions.
+   default protocol is 5, introduced in Python 3.8 and incompatible
+   with previous versions. This version introduces support for out-of-band
+   buffers, where :pep:`3118`-compatible data can be transmitted separately
+   from the main pickle stream.
 
    .. versionchanged:: 3.0
 
@@ -210,6 +213,10 @@ The :mod:`pickle` module provides the following constants:
 
       The default protocol is 4.
 
+   .. versionchanged:: 3.14
+
+      The default protocol is 5.
+
 The :mod:`pickle` module provides the following functions to make the pickling
 process more convenient:
 
diff --git a/Doc/library/pkgutil.rst b/Doc/library/pkgutil.rst
index 5d4ff34ba029a0..4a39d53a5f1440 100644
--- a/Doc/library/pkgutil.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/pkgutil.rst
@@ -26,7 +26,8 @@ support.
       __path__ = extend_path(__path__, __name__)
 
    For each directory on :data:`sys.path` that has a subdirectory that matches the
-   package name, add the subdirectory to the package's :attr:`__path__`.  This is useful
+   package name, add the subdirectory to the package's
+   :attr:`~module.__path__`. This is useful
    if one wants to distribute different parts of a single logical package as multiple
    directories.
 
@@ -34,9 +35,9 @@ support.
    *name* argument.  This feature is similar to :file:`\*.pth` files (see the
    :mod:`site` module for more information), except that it doesn't special-case
    lines starting with ``import``.  A :file:`\*.pkg` file is trusted at face
-   value: apart from checking for duplicates, all entries found in a
-   :file:`\*.pkg` file are added to the path, regardless of whether they exist
-   on the filesystem.  (This is a feature.)
+   value: apart from skipping blank lines and ignoring comments, all entries
+   found in a :file:`\*.pkg` file are added to the path, regardless of whether
+   they exist on the filesystem (this is a feature).
 
    If the input path is not a list (as is the case for frozen packages) it is
    returned unchanged.  The input path is not modified; an extended copy is
diff --git a/Doc/library/platform.rst b/Doc/library/platform.rst
index f082393ef9363c..1beb3b9eb89d22 100644
--- a/Doc/library/platform.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/platform.rst
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ Cross Platform
 
    On iOS and Android, this returns the user-facing OS name (i.e, ``'iOS``,
    ``'iPadOS'`` or ``'Android'``). To obtain the kernel name (``'Darwin'`` or
-   ``'Linux'``), use :func:`os.uname()`.
+   ``'Linux'``), use :func:`os.uname`.
 
 .. function:: system_alias(system, release, version)
 
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ Cross Platform
    returned if the value cannot be determined.
 
    On iOS and Android, this is the user-facing OS version. To obtain the
-   Darwin or Linux kernel version, use :func:`os.uname()`.
+   Darwin or Linux kernel version, use :func:`os.uname`.
 
 .. function:: uname()
 
diff --git a/Doc/library/plistlib.rst b/Doc/library/plistlib.rst
index 78b3c2697bd696..2906ebe7822f52 100644
--- a/Doc/library/plistlib.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/plistlib.rst
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ This module defines the following functions:
    when a key of a dictionary is not a string, otherwise such keys are skipped.
 
    When *aware_datetime* is true and any field with type ``datetime.datetime``
-   is set as a :ref:`aware object <datetime-naive-aware>`, it will convert to
+   is set as an :ref:`aware object <datetime-naive-aware>`, it will convert to
    UTC timezone before writing it.
 
    A :exc:`TypeError` will be raised if the object is of an unsupported type or
diff --git a/Doc/library/pprint.rst b/Doc/library/pprint.rst
index df706c10ce9ec4..1b3498e51f766d 100644
--- a/Doc/library/pprint.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/pprint.rst
@@ -35,24 +35,66 @@ Dictionaries are sorted by key before the display is computed.
 Functions
 ---------
 
-.. function:: pp(object, *args, sort_dicts=False, **kwargs)
-
-   Prints the formatted representation of *object* followed by a newline.
-   If *sort_dicts* is false (the default), dictionaries will be displayed with
-   their keys in insertion order, otherwise the dict keys will be sorted.
-   *args* and *kwargs* will be passed to :func:`~pprint.pprint` as formatting
-   parameters.
-
-      >>> import pprint
-      >>> stuff = ['spam', 'eggs', 'lumberjack', 'knights', 'ni']
-      >>> stuff.insert(0, stuff)
-      >>> pprint.pp(stuff)
-      [<Recursion on list with id=...>,
-       'spam',
-       'eggs',
-       'lumberjack',
-       'knights',
-       'ni']
+.. function:: pp(object, stream=None, indent=1, width=80, depth=None, *, \
+                     compact=False, sort_dicts=False, underscore_numbers=False)
+
+   Prints the formatted representation of *object*, followed by a newline.
+   This function may be used in the interactive interpreter
+   instead of the :func:`print` function for inspecting values.
+   Tip: you can reassign ``print = pprint.pp`` for use within a scope.
+
+   :param object:
+      The object to be printed.
+
+   :param stream:
+      A file-like object to which the output will be written
+      by calling its :meth:`!write` method.
+      If ``None`` (the default), :data:`sys.stdout` is used.
+   :type stream: :term:`file-like object` | None
+
+   :param int indent:
+      The amount of indentation added for each nesting level.
+
+   :param int width:
+      The desired maximum number of characters per line in the output.
+      If a structure cannot be formatted within the width constraint,
+      a best effort will be made.
+
+   :param depth:
+      The number of nesting levels which may be printed.
+      If the data structure being printed is too deep,
+      the next contained level is replaced by ``...``.
+      If ``None`` (the default), there is no constraint
+      on the depth of the objects being formatted.
+   :type depth: int | None
+
+   :param bool compact:
+      Control the way long :term:`sequences <sequence>` are formatted.
+      If ``False`` (the default),
+      each item of a sequence will be formatted on a separate line,
+      otherwise as many items as will fit within the *width*
+      will be formatted on each output line.
+
+   :param bool sort_dicts:
+      If ``True``, dictionaries will be formatted with
+      their keys sorted, otherwise
+      they will be displayed in insertion order (the default).
+
+   :param bool underscore_numbers:
+      If ``True``,
+      integers will be formatted with the ``_`` character for a thousands separator,
+      otherwise underscores are not displayed (the default).
+
+   >>> import pprint
+   >>> stuff = ['spam', 'eggs', 'lumberjack', 'knights', 'ni']
+   >>> stuff.insert(0, stuff)
+   >>> pprint.pp(stuff)
+   [<Recursion on list with id=...>,
+    'spam',
+    'eggs',
+    'lumberjack',
+    'knights',
+    'ni']
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.8
 
@@ -60,19 +102,10 @@ Functions
 .. function:: pprint(object, stream=None, indent=1, width=80, depth=None, *, \
                      compact=False, sort_dicts=True, underscore_numbers=False)
 
-   Prints the formatted representation of *object* on *stream*, followed by a
-   newline.  If *stream* is ``None``, :data:`sys.stdout` is used. This may be used
-   in the interactive interpreter instead of the :func:`print` function for
-   inspecting values (you can even reassign ``print = pprint.pprint`` for use
-   within a scope).
-
-   The configuration parameters *stream*, *indent*, *width*, *depth*,
-   *compact*, *sort_dicts* and *underscore_numbers* are passed to the
-   :class:`PrettyPrinter` constructor and their meanings are as
-   described in its documentation below.
+   Alias for :func:`~pprint.pp` with *sort_dicts* set to ``True`` by default,
+   which would automatically sort the dictionaries' keys,
+   you might want to use :func:`~pprint.pp` instead where it is ``False`` by default.
 
-   Note that *sort_dicts* is ``True`` by default and you might want to use
-   :func:`~pprint.pp` instead where it is ``False`` by default.
 
 .. function:: pformat(object, indent=1, width=80, depth=None, *, \
                       compact=False, sort_dicts=True, underscore_numbers=False)
@@ -80,7 +113,7 @@ Functions
    Return the formatted representation of *object* as a string.  *indent*,
    *width*, *depth*, *compact*, *sort_dicts* and *underscore_numbers* are
    passed to the :class:`PrettyPrinter` constructor as formatting parameters
-   and their meanings are as described in its documentation below.
+   and their meanings are as described in the documentation above.
 
 
 .. function:: isreadable(object)
@@ -119,51 +152,39 @@ Functions
 PrettyPrinter Objects
 ---------------------
 
-This module defines one class:
-
-.. First the implementation class:
-
-
 .. index:: single: ...; placeholder
 
 .. class:: PrettyPrinter(indent=1, width=80, depth=None, stream=None, *, \
                          compact=False, sort_dicts=True, underscore_numbers=False)
 
-   Construct a :class:`PrettyPrinter` instance.  This constructor understands
-   several keyword parameters.
-
-   *stream* (default :data:`!sys.stdout`) is a :term:`file-like object` to
-   which the output will be written by calling its :meth:`!write` method.
-   If both *stream* and :data:`!sys.stdout` are ``None``, then
-   :meth:`~PrettyPrinter.pprint` silently returns.
+   Construct a :class:`PrettyPrinter` instance.
 
-   Other values configure the manner in which nesting of complex data
-   structures is displayed.
+   Arguments have the same meaning as for :func:`~pprint.pp`.
+   Note that they are in a different order, and that *sort_dicts* defaults to ``True``.
 
-   *indent* (default 1) specifies the amount of indentation added for
-   each nesting level.
-
-   *depth* controls the number of nesting levels which may be printed; if
-   the data structure being printed is too deep, the next contained level
-   is replaced by ``...``.  By default, there is no constraint on the
-   depth of the objects being formatted.
-
-   *width* (default 80) specifies the desired maximum number of characters per
-   line in the output. If a structure cannot be formatted within the width
-   constraint, a best effort will be made.
-
-   *compact* impacts the way that long sequences (lists, tuples, sets, etc)
-   are formatted. If *compact* is false (the default) then each item of a
-   sequence will be formatted on a separate line.  If *compact* is true, as
-   many items as will fit within the *width* will be formatted on each output
-   line.
-
-   If *sort_dicts* is true (the default), dictionaries will be formatted with
-   their keys sorted, otherwise they will display in insertion order.
+   >>> import pprint
+   >>> stuff = ['spam', 'eggs', 'lumberjack', 'knights', 'ni']
+   >>> stuff.insert(0, stuff[:])
+   >>> pp = pprint.PrettyPrinter(indent=4)
+   >>> pp.pprint(stuff)
+   [   ['spam', 'eggs', 'lumberjack', 'knights', 'ni'],
+       'spam',
+       'eggs',
+       'lumberjack',
+       'knights',
+       'ni']
+   >>> pp = pprint.PrettyPrinter(width=41, compact=True)
+   >>> pp.pprint(stuff)
+   [['spam', 'eggs', 'lumberjack',
+     'knights', 'ni'],
+    'spam', 'eggs', 'lumberjack', 'knights',
+    'ni']
+   >>> tup = ('spam', ('eggs', ('lumberjack', ('knights', ('ni', ('dead',
+   ... ('parrot', ('fresh fruit',))))))))
+   >>> pp = pprint.PrettyPrinter(depth=6)
+   >>> pp.pprint(tup)
+   ('spam', ('eggs', ('lumberjack', ('knights', ('ni', ('dead', (...)))))))
 
-   If *underscore_numbers* is true, integers will be formatted with the
-   ``_`` character for a thousands separator, otherwise underscores are not
-   displayed (the default).
 
    .. versionchanged:: 3.4
       Added the *compact* parameter.
@@ -177,29 +198,6 @@ This module defines one class:
    .. versionchanged:: 3.11
       No longer attempts to write to :data:`!sys.stdout` if it is ``None``.
 
-      >>> import pprint
-      >>> stuff = ['spam', 'eggs', 'lumberjack', 'knights', 'ni']
-      >>> stuff.insert(0, stuff[:])
-      >>> pp = pprint.PrettyPrinter(indent=4)
-      >>> pp.pprint(stuff)
-      [   ['spam', 'eggs', 'lumberjack', 'knights', 'ni'],
-          'spam',
-          'eggs',
-          'lumberjack',
-          'knights',
-          'ni']
-      >>> pp = pprint.PrettyPrinter(width=41, compact=True)
-      >>> pp.pprint(stuff)
-      [['spam', 'eggs', 'lumberjack',
-        'knights', 'ni'],
-       'spam', 'eggs', 'lumberjack', 'knights',
-       'ni']
-      >>> tup = ('spam', ('eggs', ('lumberjack', ('knights', ('ni', ('dead',
-      ... ('parrot', ('fresh fruit',))))))))
-      >>> pp = pprint.PrettyPrinter(depth=6)
-      >>> pp.pprint(tup)
-      ('spam', ('eggs', ('lumberjack', ('knights', ('ni', ('dead', (...)))))))
-
 
 :class:`PrettyPrinter` instances have the following methods:
 
diff --git a/Doc/library/profile.rst b/Doc/library/profile.rst
index 9721da7220d54d..3334833eba6b8c 100644
--- a/Doc/library/profile.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/profile.rst
@@ -682,7 +682,7 @@ you are using :class:`profile.Profile` or :class:`cProfile.Profile`,
    that you choose (see :ref:`profile-calibration`).  For most machines, a timer
    that returns a lone integer value will provide the best results in terms of
    low overhead during profiling.  (:func:`os.times` is *pretty* bad, as it
-   returns a tuple of floating point values).  If you want to substitute a
+   returns a tuple of floating-point values).  If you want to substitute a
    better timer in the cleanest fashion, derive a class and hardwire a
    replacement dispatch method that best handles your timer call, along with the
    appropriate calibration constant.
@@ -699,7 +699,7 @@ you are using :class:`profile.Profile` or :class:`cProfile.Profile`,
    As the :class:`cProfile.Profile` class cannot be calibrated, custom timer
    functions should be used with care and should be as fast as possible.  For
    the best results with a custom timer, it might be necessary to hard-code it
-   in the C source of the internal :mod:`_lsprof` module.
+   in the C source of the internal :mod:`!_lsprof` module.
 
 Python 3.3 adds several new functions in :mod:`time` that can be used to make
 precise measurements of process or wall-clock time. For example, see
diff --git a/Doc/library/pydoc.rst b/Doc/library/pydoc.rst
index f7ca1e045699eb..70e9c604ebac4f 100644
--- a/Doc/library/pydoc.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/pydoc.rst
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ modules.  The documentation can be presented as pages of text on the console,
 served to a web browser, or saved to HTML files.
 
 For modules, classes, functions and methods, the displayed documentation is
-derived from the docstring (i.e. the :attr:`!__doc__` attribute) of the object,
+derived from the docstring (i.e. the :attr:`~definition.__doc__` attribute) of the object,
 and recursively of its documentable members.  If there is no docstring,
 :mod:`!pydoc` tries to obtain a description from the block of comment lines just
 above the definition of the class, function or method in the source file, or at
diff --git a/Doc/library/python.rst b/Doc/library/python.rst
index 610435999d9f48..c2c231af7c3033 100644
--- a/Doc/library/python.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/python.rst
@@ -25,4 +25,5 @@ overview:
    __future__.rst
    gc.rst
    inspect.rst
+   annotationlib.rst
    site.rst
diff --git a/Doc/library/random.rst b/Doc/library/random.rst
index 755d1c8908c966..ef0cfb0e76cef6 100644
--- a/Doc/library/random.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/random.rst
@@ -200,8 +200,8 @@ Functions for sequences
 
    For a given seed, the :func:`choices` function with equal weighting
    typically produces a different sequence than repeated calls to
-   :func:`choice`.  The algorithm used by :func:`choices` uses floating
-   point arithmetic for internal consistency and speed.  The algorithm used
+   :func:`choice`.  The algorithm used by :func:`choices` uses floating-point
+   arithmetic for internal consistency and speed.  The algorithm used
    by :func:`choice` defaults to integer arithmetic with repeated selections
    to avoid small biases from round-off error.
 
@@ -298,12 +298,12 @@ be found in any statistics text.
 
 .. function:: random()
 
-   Return the next random floating point number in the range ``0.0 <= X < 1.0``
+   Return the next random floating-point number in the range ``0.0 <= X < 1.0``
 
 
 .. function:: uniform(a, b)
 
-   Return a random floating point number *N* such that ``a <= N <= b`` for
+   Return a random floating-point number *N* such that ``a <= N <= b`` for
    ``a <= b`` and ``b <= N <= a`` for ``b < a``.
 
    The end-point value ``b`` may or may not be included in the range
@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ be found in any statistics text.
 
 .. function:: triangular(low, high, mode)
 
-   Return a random floating point number *N* such that ``low <= N <= high`` and
+   Return a random floating-point number *N* such that ``low <= N <= high`` and
    with the specified *mode* between those bounds.  The *low* and *high* bounds
    default to zero and one.  The *mode* argument defaults to the midpoint
    between the bounds, giving a symmetric distribution.
@@ -741,7 +741,7 @@ The following options are accepted:
 .. option:: -f <N>
             --float <N>
 
-   Print a random floating point number between 1 and N inclusive,
+   Print a random floating-point number between 0 and N inclusive,
    using :meth:`uniform`.
 
 If no options are given, the output depends on the input:
diff --git a/Doc/library/re.rst b/Doc/library/re.rst
index 39788de76b558b..9db6f1da3be4db 100644
--- a/Doc/library/re.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/re.rst
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ The special characters are:
 ``.``
    (Dot.)  In the default mode, this matches any character except a newline.  If
    the :const:`DOTALL` flag has been specified, this matches any character
-   including a newline.
+   including a newline.  ``(?s:.)`` matches any character regardless of flags.
 
 .. index:: single: ^ (caret); in regular expressions
 
@@ -572,6 +572,12 @@ character ``'$'``.
    Word boundaries are determined by the current locale
    if the :py:const:`~re.LOCALE` flag is used.
 
+   .. note::
+
+      Note that ``\B`` does not match an empty string, which differs from
+      RE implementations in other programming languages such as Perl.
+      This behavior is kept for compatibility reasons.
+
 .. index:: single: \d; in regular expressions
 
 ``\d``
@@ -600,10 +606,9 @@ character ``'$'``.
 
 ``\s``
    For Unicode (str) patterns:
-      Matches Unicode whitespace characters (which includes
-      ``[ \t\n\r\f\v]``, and also many other characters, for example the
-      non-breaking spaces mandated by typography rules in many
-      languages).
+      Matches Unicode whitespace characters (as defined by :py:meth:`str.isspace`).
+      This includes ``[ \t\n\r\f\v]``, and also many other characters, for example the
+      non-breaking spaces mandated by typography rules in many languages.
 
       Matches ``[ \t\n\r\f\v]`` if the :py:const:`~re.ASCII` flag is used.
 
@@ -911,6 +916,10 @@ Functions
    ``None`` if no position in the string matches the pattern; note that this is
    different from finding a zero-length match at some point in the string.
 
+   The expression's behaviour can be modified by specifying a *flags* value.
+   Values can be any of the `flags`_ variables, combined using bitwise OR
+   (the ``|`` operator).
+
 
 .. function:: match(pattern, string, flags=0)
 
@@ -925,6 +934,10 @@ Functions
    If you want to locate a match anywhere in *string*, use :func:`search`
    instead (see also :ref:`search-vs-match`).
 
+   The expression's behaviour can be modified by specifying a *flags* value.
+   Values can be any of the `flags`_ variables, combined using bitwise OR
+   (the ``|`` operator).
+
 
 .. function:: fullmatch(pattern, string, flags=0)
 
@@ -932,6 +945,10 @@ Functions
    corresponding :class:`~re.Match`.  Return ``None`` if the string does not match
    the pattern; note that this is different from a zero-length match.
 
+   The expression's behaviour can be modified by specifying a *flags* value.
+   Values can be any of the `flags`_ variables, combined using bitwise OR
+   (the ``|`` operator).
+
    .. versionadded:: 3.4
 
 
@@ -974,6 +991,10 @@ Functions
       >>> re.split(r'(\W*)', '...words...')
       ['', '...', '', '', 'w', '', 'o', '', 'r', '', 'd', '', 's', '...', '', '', '']
 
+   The expression's behaviour can be modified by specifying a *flags* value.
+   Values can be any of the `flags`_ variables, combined using bitwise OR
+   (the ``|`` operator).
+
    .. versionchanged:: 3.1
       Added the optional flags argument.
 
@@ -1004,6 +1025,10 @@ Functions
       >>> re.findall(r'(\w+)=(\d+)', 'set width=20 and height=10')
       [('width', '20'), ('height', '10')]
 
+   The expression's behaviour can be modified by specifying a *flags* value.
+   Values can be any of the `flags`_ variables, combined using bitwise OR
+   (the ``|`` operator).
+
    .. versionchanged:: 3.7
       Non-empty matches can now start just after a previous empty match.
 
@@ -1015,6 +1040,10 @@ Functions
    is scanned left-to-right, and matches are returned in the order found.  Empty
    matches are included in the result.
 
+   The expression's behaviour can be modified by specifying a *flags* value.
+   Values can be any of the `flags`_ variables, combined using bitwise OR
+   (the ``|`` operator).
+
    .. versionchanged:: 3.7
       Non-empty matches can now start just after a previous empty match.
 
@@ -1070,6 +1099,10 @@ Functions
    character ``'0'``.  The backreference ``\g<0>`` substitutes in the entire
    substring matched by the RE.
 
+   The expression's behaviour can be modified by specifying a *flags* value.
+   Values can be any of the `flags`_ variables, combined using bitwise OR
+   (the ``|`` operator).
+
    .. versionchanged:: 3.1
       Added the optional flags argument.
 
@@ -1102,6 +1135,10 @@ Functions
    Perform the same operation as :func:`sub`, but return a tuple ``(new_string,
    number_of_subs_made)``.
 
+   The expression's behaviour can be modified by specifying a *flags* value.
+   Values can be any of the `flags`_ variables, combined using bitwise OR
+   (the ``|`` operator).
+
 
 .. function:: escape(pattern)
 
diff --git a/Doc/library/readline.rst b/Doc/library/readline.rst
index 5658b93c81dc99..4a04205663258c 100644
--- a/Doc/library/readline.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/readline.rst
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ in the GNU Readline manual for information about the format and
 allowable constructs of that file, and the capabilities of the
 Readline library in general.
 
-.. include:: ../includes/wasm-ios-notavail.rst
+.. include:: ../includes/wasm-mobile-notavail.rst
 
 .. note::
 
@@ -45,6 +45,10 @@ Readline library in general.
     python:bind -v
     python:bind ^I rl_complete
 
+  Also note that different libraries may use different history file formats.
+  When switching the underlying library, existing history files may become
+  unusable.
+
 .. data:: backend
 
    The name of the underlying Readline library being used, either
diff --git a/Doc/library/resource.rst b/Doc/library/resource.rst
index dd80b1e6670d92..0515d205bbca0b 100644
--- a/Doc/library/resource.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/resource.rst
@@ -305,7 +305,7 @@ These functions are used to retrieve resource usage information:
    elements.
 
    The fields :attr:`ru_utime` and :attr:`ru_stime` of the return value are
-   floating point values representing the amount of time spent executing in user
+   floating-point values representing the amount of time spent executing in user
    mode and the amount of time spent executing in system mode, respectively. The
    remaining values are integers. Consult the :manpage:`getrusage(2)` man page for
    detailed information about these values. A brief summary is presented here:
diff --git a/Doc/library/secrets.rst b/Doc/library/secrets.rst
index 1401a925103517..75dafc54d40ca5 100644
--- a/Doc/library/secrets.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/secrets.rst
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ randomness that your operating system provides.
 
 .. function:: randbits(k)
 
-   Return an int with *k* random bits.
+   Return a non-negative int with *k* random bits.
 
 
 Generating tokens
diff --git a/Doc/library/select.rst b/Doc/library/select.rst
index 06ebaf0201e0e7..f23a249f44b485 100644
--- a/Doc/library/select.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/select.rst
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ The module defines the following:
 
    Empty iterables are allowed, but acceptance of three empty iterables is
    platform-dependent. (It is known to work on Unix but not on Windows.)  The
-   optional *timeout* argument specifies a time-out as a floating point number
+   optional *timeout* argument specifies a time-out as a floating-point number
    in seconds.  When the *timeout* argument is omitted the function blocks until
    at least one file descriptor is ready.  A time-out value of zero specifies a
    poll and never blocks.
diff --git a/Doc/library/shutil.rst b/Doc/library/shutil.rst
index fd32479195eca8..d25701c087ed07 100644
--- a/Doc/library/shutil.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/shutil.rst
@@ -449,9 +449,10 @@ Directory and files operations
    *mode* is a permission mask passed to :func:`os.access`, by default
    determining if the file exists and is executable.
 
-   *path* is a "``PATH`` string" specifying the lookup directory list. When no
-   *path* is specified, the results of :func:`os.environ` are used, returning
-   either the "PATH" value or a fallback of :data:`os.defpath`.
+   *path* is a "``PATH`` string" specifying the directories to look in,
+   delimited by :data:`os.pathsep`. When no *path* is specified, the
+   :envvar:`PATH` environment variable is read from :data:`os.environ`,
+   falling back to :data:`os.defpath` if it is not set.
 
    On Windows, the current directory is prepended to the *path* if *mode* does
    not include ``os.X_OK``. When the *mode* does include ``os.X_OK``, the
@@ -460,9 +461,9 @@ Directory and files operations
    consulting the current working directory for executables: set the environment
    variable ``NoDefaultCurrentDirectoryInExePath``.
 
-   Also on Windows, the ``PATHEXT`` variable is used to resolve commands
-   that may not already include an extension. For example, if you call
-   ``shutil.which("python")``, :func:`which` will search ``PATHEXT``
+   Also on Windows, the :envvar:`PATHEXT` environment variable is used to
+   resolve commands that may not already include an extension. For example,
+   if you call ``shutil.which("python")``, :func:`which` will search ``PATHEXT``
    to know that it should look for ``python.exe`` within the *path*
    directories. For example, on Windows::
 
@@ -517,7 +518,7 @@ the use of userspace buffers in Python as in "``outfd.write(infd.read())``".
 
 On macOS `fcopyfile`_ is used to copy the file content (not metadata).
 
-On Linux :func:`os.sendfile` is used.
+On Linux and Solaris :func:`os.sendfile` is used.
 
 On Windows :func:`shutil.copyfile` uses a bigger default buffer size (1 MiB
 instead of 64 KiB) and a :func:`memoryview`-based variant of
@@ -529,6 +530,9 @@ file then shutil will silently fallback on using less efficient
 
 .. versionchanged:: 3.8
 
+.. versionchanged:: 3.14
+    Solaris now uses :func:`os.sendfile`.
+
 .. _shutil-copytree-example:
 
 copytree example
@@ -706,11 +710,9 @@ provided.  They rely on the :mod:`zipfile` and :mod:`tarfile` modules.
 
    The keyword-only *filter* argument is passed to the underlying unpacking
    function. For zip files, *filter* is not accepted.
-   For tar files, it is recommended to set it to ``'data'``,
-   unless using features specific to tar and UNIX-like filesystems.
+   For tar files, it is recommended to use ``'data'`` (default since Python
+   3.14), unless using features specific to tar and UNIX-like filesystems.
    (See :ref:`tarfile-extraction-filter` for details.)
-   The ``'data'`` filter will become the default for tar files
-   in Python 3.14.
 
    .. audit-event:: shutil.unpack_archive filename,extract_dir,format shutil.unpack_archive
 
@@ -721,6 +723,12 @@ provided.  They rely on the :mod:`zipfile` and :mod:`tarfile` modules.
       the *extract_dir* argument, e.g. members that have absolute filenames
       starting with "/" or filenames with two dots "..".
 
+      Since Python 3.14, the defaults for both built-in formats (zip and tar
+      files) will prevent the most dangerous of such security issues,
+      but will not prevent *all* unintended behavior.
+      Read the :ref:`tarfile-further-verification`
+      section for tar-specific details.
+
    .. versionchanged:: 3.7
       Accepts a :term:`path-like object` for *filename* and *extract_dir*.
 
diff --git a/Doc/library/signal.rst b/Doc/library/signal.rst
index 48c6841c648ca4..17fcb2b3707978 100644
--- a/Doc/library/signal.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/signal.rst
@@ -411,7 +411,7 @@ The :mod:`signal` module defines the following functions:
 
    See the :manpage:`pidfd_send_signal(2)` man page for more information.
 
-   .. availability:: Linux >= 5.1
+   .. availability:: Linux >= 5.1, Android >= :func:`build-time <sys.getandroidapilevel>` API level 31
    .. versionadded:: 3.9
 
 
@@ -425,7 +425,7 @@ The :mod:`signal` module defines the following functions:
    signal to a particular Python thread would be to force a running system call
    to fail with :exc:`InterruptedError`.
 
-   Use :func:`threading.get_ident()` or the :attr:`~threading.Thread.ident`
+   Use :func:`threading.get_ident` or the :attr:`~threading.Thread.ident`
    attribute of :class:`threading.Thread` objects to get a suitable value
    for *thread_id*.
 
diff --git a/Doc/library/site.rst b/Doc/library/site.rst
index 1c420419568a90..4508091f679dc7 100644
--- a/Doc/library/site.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/site.rst
@@ -15,8 +15,9 @@ import can be suppressed using the interpreter's :option:`-S` option.
 
 .. index:: triple: module; search; path
 
-Importing this module will append site-specific paths to the module search path
-and add a few builtins, unless :option:`-S` was used.  In that case, this module
+Importing this module normally appends site-specific paths to the module search path
+and adds :ref:`callables <site-consts>`, including :func:`help` to the built-in
+namespace. However, Python startup option :option:`-S` blocks this and this module
 can be safely imported with no automatic modifications to the module search path
 or additions to the builtins.  To explicitly trigger the usual site-specific
 additions, call the :func:`main` function.
@@ -32,7 +33,10 @@ It starts by constructing up to four directories from a head and a tail part.
 For the head part, it uses ``sys.prefix`` and ``sys.exec_prefix``; empty heads
 are skipped.  For the tail part, it uses the empty string and then
 :file:`lib/site-packages` (on Windows) or
-:file:`lib/python{X.Y}/site-packages` (on Unix and macOS).  For each
+:file:`lib/python{X.Y[t]}/site-packages` (on Unix and macOS). (The
+optional suffix "t" indicates the :term:`free threading` build, and is
+appended if ``"t"`` is present in the :attr:`sys.abiflags` constant.)
+For each
 of the distinct head-tail combinations, it sees if it refers to an existing
 directory, and if so, adds it to ``sys.path`` and also inspects the newly
 added path for configuration files.
@@ -40,6 +44,11 @@ added path for configuration files.
 .. versionchanged:: 3.5
    Support for the "site-python" directory has been removed.
 
+.. versionchanged:: 3.13
+   On Unix, :term:`Free threading <free threading>` Python installations are
+   identified by the "t" suffix in the version-specific directory name, such as
+   :file:`lib/python3.13t/`.
+
 If a file named "pyvenv.cfg" exists one directory above sys.executable,
 sys.prefix and sys.exec_prefix are set to that directory and
 it is also checked for site-packages (sys.base_prefix and
@@ -188,11 +197,12 @@ Module contents
 
    Path to the user site-packages for the running Python.  Can be ``None`` if
    :func:`getusersitepackages` hasn't been called yet.  Default value is
-   :file:`~/.local/lib/python{X.Y}/site-packages` for UNIX and non-framework
+   :file:`~/.local/lib/python{X.Y}[t]/site-packages` for UNIX and non-framework
    macOS builds, :file:`~/Library/Python/{X.Y}/lib/python/site-packages` for macOS
    framework builds, and :file:`{%APPDATA%}\\Python\\Python{XY}\\site-packages`
-   on Windows.  This directory is a site directory, which means that
-   :file:`.pth` files in it will be processed.
+   on Windows.  The optional "t" indicates the free-threaded build.  This
+   directory is a site directory, which means that :file:`.pth` files in it
+   will be processed.
 
 
 .. data:: USER_BASE
diff --git a/Doc/library/smtplib.rst b/Doc/library/smtplib.rst
index 2511ef7f2ada41..7cd530a5fd6438 100644
--- a/Doc/library/smtplib.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/smtplib.rst
@@ -556,34 +556,33 @@ This example prompts the user for addresses needed in the message envelope ('To'
 and 'From' addresses), and the message to be delivered.  Note that the headers
 to be included with the message must be included in the message as entered; this
 example doesn't do any processing of the :rfc:`822` headers.  In particular, the
-'To' and 'From' addresses must be included in the message headers explicitly. ::
+'To' and 'From' addresses must be included in the message headers explicitly::
 
    import smtplib
 
-   def prompt(prompt):
-       return input(prompt).strip()
+   def prompt(title):
+       return input(title).strip()
 
-   fromaddr = prompt("From: ")
-   toaddrs  = prompt("To: ").split()
+   from_addr = prompt("From: ")
+   to_addrs  = prompt("To: ").split()
    print("Enter message, end with ^D (Unix) or ^Z (Windows):")
 
    # Add the From: and To: headers at the start!
-   msg = ("From: %s\r\nTo: %s\r\n\r\n"
-          % (fromaddr, ", ".join(toaddrs)))
+   lines = [f"From: {from_addr}", f"To: {', '.join(to_addrs)}", ""]
    while True:
        try:
            line = input()
        except EOFError:
            break
-       if not line:
-           break
-       msg = msg + line
+       else:
+           lines.append(line)
 
+   msg = "\r\n".join(lines)
    print("Message length is", len(msg))
 
-   server = smtplib.SMTP('localhost')
+   server = smtplib.SMTP("localhost")
    server.set_debuglevel(1)
-   server.sendmail(fromaddr, toaddrs, msg)
+   server.sendmail(from_addr, to_addrs, msg)
    server.quit()
 
 .. note::
diff --git a/Doc/library/socket.rst b/Doc/library/socket.rst
index 2df0257d1f24f0..0c7b9328648f66 100644
--- a/Doc/library/socket.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/socket.rst
@@ -413,14 +413,14 @@ Constants
       ``TCP_USER_TIMEOUT``, ``TCP_CONGESTION`` were added.
 
    .. versionchanged:: 3.6.5
-      On Windows, ``TCP_FASTOPEN``, ``TCP_KEEPCNT`` appear if run-time Windows
-      supports.
+      Added support for ``TCP_FASTOPEN``, ``TCP_KEEPCNT`` on Windows platforms
+      when available.
 
    .. versionchanged:: 3.7
       ``TCP_NOTSENT_LOWAT`` was added.
 
-      On Windows, ``TCP_KEEPIDLE``, ``TCP_KEEPINTVL`` appear if run-time Windows
-      supports.
+      Added support for ``TCP_KEEPIDLE``, ``TCP_KEEPINTVL`` on Windows platforms
+      when available.
 
    .. versionchanged:: 3.10
       ``IP_RECVTOS`` was added.
@@ -450,6 +450,14 @@ Constants
       same way that ``SO_BINDTODEVICE`` is used, but with the index of a
       network interface instead of its name.
 
+   .. versionchanged:: 3.14
+      Added missing ``IP_RECVERR``, ``IPV6_RECVERR``, ``IP_RECVTTL``, and
+      ``IP_RECVORIGDSTADDR`` on Linux.
+
+   .. versionchanged:: 3.14
+      Added support for ``TCP_QUICKACK`` on Windows platforms when available.
+
+
 .. data:: AF_CAN
           PF_CAN
           SOL_CAN_*
@@ -700,6 +708,13 @@ Constants
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.12
 
+.. data:: SHUT_RD
+          SHUT_WR
+          SHUT_RDWR
+
+   These constants are used by the :meth:`~socket.socket.shutdown` method of socket objects.
+
+   .. availability:: not WASI.
 
 Functions
 ^^^^^^^^^
@@ -729,7 +744,7 @@ The following functions all create :ref:`socket objects <socket-objects>`.
    of :meth:`socket.getpeername` but not the actual OS resource.  Unlike
    :func:`socket.fromfd`, *fileno* will return the same socket and not a
    duplicate. This may help close a detached socket using
-   :meth:`socket.close()`.
+   :meth:`socket.close`.
 
    The newly created socket is :ref:`non-inheritable <fd_inheritance>`.
 
@@ -1265,7 +1280,7 @@ The :mod:`socket` module also offers various network-related services:
 
    .. audit-event:: socket.sethostname name socket.sethostname
 
-   .. availability:: Unix.
+   .. availability:: Unix, not Android.
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.3
 
@@ -1408,7 +1423,7 @@ to sockets.
 .. method:: socket.close()
 
    Mark the socket closed.  The underlying system resource (e.g. a file
-   descriptor) is also closed when all file objects from :meth:`makefile()`
+   descriptor) is also closed when all file objects from :meth:`makefile`
    are closed.  Once that happens, all future operations on the socket
    object will fail. The remote end will receive no more data (after
    queued data is flushed).
@@ -1423,10 +1438,10 @@ to sockets.
 
    .. note::
 
-      :meth:`close()` releases the resource associated with a connection but
+      :meth:`close` releases the resource associated with a connection but
       does not necessarily close the connection immediately.  If you want
-      to close the connection in a timely fashion, call :meth:`shutdown()`
-      before :meth:`close()`.
+      to close the connection in a timely fashion, call :meth:`shutdown`
+      before :meth:`close`.
 
 
 .. method:: socket.connect(address)
@@ -1922,7 +1937,7 @@ to sockets.
 .. method:: socket.settimeout(value)
 
    Set a timeout on blocking socket operations.  The *value* argument can be a
-   nonnegative floating point number expressing seconds, or ``None``.
+   nonnegative floating-point number expressing seconds, or ``None``.
    If a non-zero value is given, subsequent socket operations will raise a
    :exc:`timeout` exception if the timeout period *value* has elapsed before
    the operation has completed.  If zero is given, the socket is put in
@@ -2035,7 +2050,7 @@ can be changed by calling :func:`setdefaulttimeout`.
    in non-blocking mode.  Also, the blocking and timeout modes are shared between
    file descriptors and socket objects that refer to the same network endpoint.
    This implementation detail can have visible consequences if e.g. you decide
-   to use the :meth:`~socket.fileno()` of a socket.
+   to use the :meth:`~socket.fileno` of a socket.
 
 Timeouts and the ``connect`` method
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
diff --git a/Doc/library/socketserver.rst b/Doc/library/socketserver.rst
index f1f87ea975ca42..69f06e6cf4d923 100644
--- a/Doc/library/socketserver.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/socketserver.rst
@@ -126,6 +126,12 @@ server is the address family.
       waits until all non-daemon threads complete, except if
       :attr:`block_on_close` attribute is ``False``.
 
+   .. attribute:: max_children
+
+      Specify how many child processes will exist to handle requests at a time
+      for :class:`ForkingMixIn`.  If the limit is reached,
+      new requests will wait until one child process has finished.
+
    .. attribute:: daemon_threads
 
       For :class:`ThreadingMixIn` use daemonic threads by setting
diff --git a/Doc/library/sqlite3.rst b/Doc/library/sqlite3.rst
index 5dc22a7e431ae4..fc0383823a172b 100644
--- a/Doc/library/sqlite3.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/sqlite3.rst
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ and call :meth:`res.fetchone() <Cursor.fetchone>` to fetch the resulting row:
 We can see that the table has been created,
 as the query returns a :class:`tuple` containing the table's name.
 If we query ``sqlite_master`` for a non-existent table ``spam``,
-:meth:`!res.fetchone()` will return ``None``:
+:meth:`!res.fetchone` will return ``None``:
 
 .. doctest::
 
@@ -525,21 +525,20 @@ Module constants
    The mappings from SQLite threading modes to DB-API 2.0 threadsafety levels
    are as follows:
 
-   +------------------+-----------------+----------------------+-------------------------------+
-   | SQLite threading | `threadsafety`_ | `SQLITE_THREADSAFE`_ | DB-API 2.0 meaning            |
-   | mode             |                 |                      |                               |
-   +==================+=================+======================+===============================+
-   | single-thread    | 0               | 0                    | Threads may not share the     |
-   |                  |                 |                      | module                        |
-   +------------------+-----------------+----------------------+-------------------------------+
-   | multi-thread     | 1               | 2                    | Threads may share the module, |
-   |                  |                 |                      | but not connections           |
-   +------------------+-----------------+----------------------+-------------------------------+
-   | serialized       | 3               | 1                    | Threads may share the module, |
-   |                  |                 |                      | connections and cursors       |
-   +------------------+-----------------+----------------------+-------------------------------+
-
-   .. _threadsafety: https://peps.python.org/pep-0249/#threadsafety
+   +------------------+----------------------+----------------------+-------------------------------+
+   | SQLite threading | :pep:`threadsafety   | `SQLITE_THREADSAFE`_ | DB-API 2.0 meaning            |
+   | mode             | <0249#threadsafety>` |                      |                               |
+   +==================+======================+======================+===============================+
+   | single-thread    | 0                    | 0                    | Threads may not share the     |
+   |                  |                      |                      | module                        |
+   +------------------+----------------------+----------------------+-------------------------------+
+   | multi-thread     | 1                    | 2                    | Threads may share the module, |
+   |                  |                      |                      | but not connections           |
+   +------------------+----------------------+----------------------+-------------------------------+
+   | serialized       | 3                    | 1                    | Threads may share the module, |
+   |                  |                      |                      | connections and cursors       |
+   +------------------+----------------------+----------------------+-------------------------------+
+
    .. _SQLITE_THREADSAFE: https://sqlite.org/compile.html#threadsafe
 
    .. versionchanged:: 3.11
diff --git a/Doc/library/ssl.rst b/Doc/library/ssl.rst
index 99abf45469018e..b7fb1fc07d199f 100644
--- a/Doc/library/ssl.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/ssl.rst
@@ -1049,25 +1049,25 @@ SSL Sockets
 
    SSL sockets provide the following methods of :ref:`socket-objects`:
 
-   - :meth:`~socket.socket.accept()`
-   - :meth:`~socket.socket.bind()`
-   - :meth:`~socket.socket.close()`
-   - :meth:`~socket.socket.connect()`
-   - :meth:`~socket.socket.detach()`
-   - :meth:`~socket.socket.fileno()`
-   - :meth:`~socket.socket.getpeername()`, :meth:`~socket.socket.getsockname()`
-   - :meth:`~socket.socket.getsockopt()`, :meth:`~socket.socket.setsockopt()`
-   - :meth:`~socket.socket.gettimeout()`, :meth:`~socket.socket.settimeout()`,
-     :meth:`~socket.socket.setblocking()`
-   - :meth:`~socket.socket.listen()`
-   - :meth:`~socket.socket.makefile()`
-   - :meth:`~socket.socket.recv()`, :meth:`~socket.socket.recv_into()`
+   - :meth:`~socket.socket.accept`
+   - :meth:`~socket.socket.bind`
+   - :meth:`~socket.socket.close`
+   - :meth:`~socket.socket.connect`
+   - :meth:`~socket.socket.detach`
+   - :meth:`~socket.socket.fileno`
+   - :meth:`~socket.socket.getpeername`, :meth:`~socket.socket.getsockname`
+   - :meth:`~socket.socket.getsockopt`, :meth:`~socket.socket.setsockopt`
+   - :meth:`~socket.socket.gettimeout`, :meth:`~socket.socket.settimeout`,
+     :meth:`~socket.socket.setblocking`
+   - :meth:`~socket.socket.listen`
+   - :meth:`~socket.socket.makefile`
+   - :meth:`~socket.socket.recv`, :meth:`~socket.socket.recv_into`
      (but passing a non-zero ``flags`` argument is not allowed)
-   - :meth:`~socket.socket.send()`, :meth:`~socket.socket.sendall()` (with
+   - :meth:`~socket.socket.send`, :meth:`~socket.socket.sendall` (with
      the same limitation)
-   - :meth:`~socket.socket.sendfile()` (but :mod:`os.sendfile` will be used
-     for plain-text sockets only, else :meth:`~socket.socket.send()` will be used)
-   - :meth:`~socket.socket.shutdown()`
+   - :meth:`~socket.socket.sendfile` (but :mod:`os.sendfile` will be used
+     for plain-text sockets only, else :meth:`~socket.socket.send` will be used)
+   - :meth:`~socket.socket.shutdown`
 
    However, since the SSL (and TLS) protocol has its own framing atop
    of TCP, the SSL sockets abstraction can, in certain respects, diverge from
@@ -1472,6 +1472,19 @@ to speed up repeated connections from the same clients.
       :data:`PROTOCOL_TLS`, :data:`PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT`, and
       :data:`PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER` use TLS 1.2 as minimum TLS version.
 
+   .. note::
+
+      :class:`SSLContext` only supports limited mutation once it has been used
+      by a connection. Adding new certificates to the internal trust store is
+      allowed, but changing ciphers, verification settings, or mTLS
+      certificates may result in surprising behavior.
+
+   .. note::
+
+      :class:`SSLContext` is designed to be shared and used by multiple
+      connections.
+      Thus, it is thread-safe as long as it is not reconfigured after being
+      used by a connection.
 
 :class:`SSLContext` objects have the following methods and attributes:
 
@@ -1553,7 +1566,7 @@ to speed up repeated connections from the same clients.
    The *capath* string, if present, is
    the path to a directory containing several CA certificates in PEM format,
    following an `OpenSSL specific layout
-   <https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/SSL_CTX_load_verify_locations.html>`_.
+   <https://docs.openssl.org/master/man3/SSL_CTX_load_verify_locations/>`_.
 
    The *cadata* object, if present, is either an ASCII string of one or more
    PEM-encoded certificates or a :term:`bytes-like object` of DER-encoded
@@ -1628,7 +1641,7 @@ to speed up repeated connections from the same clients.
 
    Set the available ciphers for sockets created with this context.
    It should be a string in the `OpenSSL cipher list format
-   <https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man1/ciphers.html>`_.
+   <https://docs.openssl.org/master/man1/ciphers/>`_.
    If no cipher can be selected (because compile-time options or other
    configuration forbids use of all the specified ciphers), an
    :class:`SSLError` will be raised.
@@ -1729,7 +1742,7 @@ to speed up repeated connections from the same clients.
    IDN-encoded internationalized domain name, the *server_name_callback*
    receives a decoded U-label (``"pythön.org"``).
 
-   If there is an decoding error on the server name, the TLS connection will
+   If there is a decoding error on the server name, the TLS connection will
    terminate with an :const:`ALERT_DESCRIPTION_INTERNAL_ERROR` fatal TLS
    alert message to the client.
 
@@ -1861,7 +1874,7 @@ to speed up repeated connections from the same clients.
 .. method:: SSLContext.session_stats()
 
    Get statistics about the SSL sessions created or managed by this context.
-   A dictionary is returned which maps the names of each `piece of information <https://www.openssl.org/docs/man1.1.1/man3/SSL_CTX_sess_number.html>`_ to their
+   A dictionary is returned which maps the names of each `piece of information <https://docs.openssl.org/1.1.1/man3/SSL_CTX_sess_number/>`_ to their
    numeric values.  For example, here is the total number of hits and misses
    in the session cache since the context was created::
 
@@ -2004,7 +2017,7 @@ to speed up repeated connections from the same clients.
 .. attribute:: SSLContext.security_level
 
    An integer representing the `security level
-   <https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/SSL_CTX_get_security_level.html>`_
+   <https://docs.openssl.org/master/man3/SSL_CTX_get_security_level/>`_
    for the context. This attribute is read-only.
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.10
@@ -2697,7 +2710,7 @@ Verifying certificates
 
 When calling the :class:`SSLContext` constructor directly,
 :const:`CERT_NONE` is the default.  Since it does not authenticate the other
-peer, it can be insecure, especially in client mode where most of time you
+peer, it can be insecure, especially in client mode where most of the time you
 would like to ensure the authenticity of the server you're talking to.
 Therefore, when in client mode, it is highly recommended to use
 :const:`CERT_REQUIRED`.  However, it is in itself not sufficient; you also
@@ -2746,7 +2759,7 @@ enabled when negotiating a SSL session is possible through the
 :meth:`SSLContext.set_ciphers` method.  Starting from Python 3.2.3, the
 ssl module disables certain weak ciphers by default, but you may want
 to further restrict the cipher choice. Be sure to read OpenSSL's documentation
-about the `cipher list format <https://www.openssl.org/docs/man1.1.1/man1/ciphers.html#CIPHER-LIST-FORMAT>`_.
+about the `cipher list format <https://docs.openssl.org/1.1.1/man1/ciphers/#cipher-list-format>`_.
 If you want to check which ciphers are enabled by a given cipher list, use
 :meth:`SSLContext.get_ciphers` or the ``openssl ciphers`` command on your
 system.
diff --git a/Doc/library/statistics.rst b/Doc/library/statistics.rst
index 8453135d2e164d..614f5b905a4a2e 100644
--- a/Doc/library/statistics.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/statistics.rst
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ or sample.
 
 =======================  ===============================================================
 :func:`mean`             Arithmetic mean ("average") of data.
-:func:`fmean`            Fast, floating point arithmetic mean, with optional weighting.
+:func:`fmean`            Fast, floating-point arithmetic mean, with optional weighting.
 :func:`geometric_mean`   Geometric mean of data.
 :func:`harmonic_mean`    Harmonic mean of data.
 :func:`kde`              Estimate the probability density distribution of the data.
@@ -485,6 +485,12 @@ However, for reading convenience, most of the examples show sorted sequences.
       >>> mode(["red", "blue", "blue", "red", "green", "red", "red"])
       'red'
 
+   Only hashable inputs are supported.  To handle type :class:`set`,
+   consider casting to :class:`frozenset`.  To handle type :class:`list`,
+   consider casting to :class:`tuple`.  For mixed or nested inputs, consider
+   using this slower quadratic algorithm that only depends on equality tests:
+   ``max(data, key=data.count)``.
+
    .. versionchanged:: 3.8
       Now handles multimodal datasets by returning the first mode encountered.
       Formerly, it raised :exc:`StatisticsError` when more than one mode was
diff --git a/Doc/library/stdtypes.rst b/Doc/library/stdtypes.rst
index c8acde8b57dcdb..704637d675ead3 100644
--- a/Doc/library/stdtypes.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/stdtypes.rst
@@ -209,18 +209,18 @@ Numeric Types --- :class:`int`, :class:`float`, :class:`complex`
    pair: object; numeric
    pair: object; Boolean
    pair: object; integer
-   pair: object; floating point
+   pair: object; floating-point
    pair: object; complex number
    pair: C; language
 
-There are three distinct numeric types: :dfn:`integers`, :dfn:`floating
-point numbers`, and :dfn:`complex numbers`.  In addition, Booleans are a
-subtype of integers.  Integers have unlimited precision.  Floating point
+There are three distinct numeric types: :dfn:`integers`, :dfn:`floating-point
+numbers`, and :dfn:`complex numbers`.  In addition, Booleans are a
+subtype of integers.  Integers have unlimited precision.  Floating-point
 numbers are usually implemented using :c:expr:`double` in C; information
-about the precision and internal representation of floating point
+about the precision and internal representation of floating-point
 numbers for the machine on which your program is running is available
 in :data:`sys.float_info`.  Complex numbers have a real and imaginary
-part, which are each a floating point number.  To extract these parts
+part, which are each a floating-point number.  To extract these parts
 from a complex number *z*, use ``z.real`` and ``z.imag``. (The standard
 library includes the additional numeric types :mod:`fractions.Fraction`, for
 rationals, and :mod:`decimal.Decimal`, for floating-point numbers with
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ user-definable precision.)
 .. index::
    pair: numeric; literals
    pair: integer; literals
-   pair: floating point; literals
+   pair: floating-point; literals
    pair: complex number; literals
    pair: hexadecimal; literals
    pair: octal; literals
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ user-definable precision.)
 Numbers are created by numeric literals or as the result of built-in functions
 and operators.  Unadorned integer literals (including hex, octal and binary
 numbers) yield integers.  Numeric literals containing a decimal point or an
-exponent sign yield floating point numbers.  Appending ``'j'`` or ``'J'`` to a
+exponent sign yield floating-point numbers.  Appending ``'j'`` or ``'J'`` to a
 numeric literal yields an imaginary number (a complex number with a zero real
 part) which you can add to an integer or float to get a complex number with real
 and imaginary parts.
@@ -625,6 +625,23 @@ Additional Methods on Float
 The float type implements the :class:`numbers.Real` :term:`abstract base
 class`. float also has the following additional methods.
 
+.. classmethod:: float.from_number(x)
+
+   Class method to return a floating-point number constructed from a number *x*.
+
+   If the argument is an integer or a floating-point number, a
+   floating-point number with the same value (within Python's floating-point
+   precision) is returned.  If the argument is outside the range of a Python
+   float, an :exc:`OverflowError` will be raised.
+
+   For a general Python object ``x``, ``float.from_number(x)`` delegates to
+   ``x.__float__()``.
+   If :meth:`~object.__float__` is not defined then it falls back
+   to :meth:`~object.__index__`.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.14
+
+
 .. method:: float.as_integer_ratio()
 
    Return a pair of integers whose ratio is exactly equal to the
@@ -703,6 +720,25 @@ hexadecimal string representing the same number::
    '0x1.d380000000000p+11'
 
 
+Additional Methods on Complex
+-----------------------------
+
+The :class:`!complex` type implements the :class:`numbers.Complex`
+:term:`abstract base class`.
+:class:`!complex` also has the following additional methods.
+
+.. classmethod:: complex.from_number(x)
+
+   Class method to convert a number to a complex number.
+
+   For a general Python object ``x``, ``complex.from_number(x)`` delegates to
+   ``x.__complex__()``.  If :meth:`~object.__complex__` is not defined then it falls back
+   to :meth:`~object.__float__`.  If :meth:`!__float__` is not defined then it falls back
+   to :meth:`~object.__index__`.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.14
+
+
 .. _numeric-hash:
 
 Hashing of numeric types
@@ -832,7 +868,7 @@ over ``&``, ``|`` and ``^``.
 .. deprecated:: 3.12
 
    The use of the bitwise inversion operator ``~`` is deprecated and will
-   raise an error in Python 3.14.
+   raise an error in Python 3.16.
 
 :class:`bool` is a subclass of :class:`int` (see :ref:`typesnumeric`). In
 many numeric contexts, ``False`` and ``True`` behave like the integers 0 and 1, respectively.
@@ -1209,8 +1245,9 @@ accepts integers that meet the value restriction ``0 <= x <= 255``).
 | ``s.pop()`` or ``s.pop(i)``  | retrieves the item at *i* and  | \(2)                |
 |                              | also removes it from *s*       |                     |
 +------------------------------+--------------------------------+---------------------+
-| ``s.remove(x)``              | remove the first item from *s* | \(3)                |
-|                              | where ``s[i]`` is equal to *x* |                     |
+| ``s.remove(x)``              | removes the first item from    | \(3)                |
+|                              | *s* where ``s[i]`` is equal to |                     |
+|                              | *x*                            |                     |
 +------------------------------+--------------------------------+---------------------+
 | ``s.reverse()``              | reverses the items of *s* in   | \(4)                |
 |                              | place                          |                     |
@@ -1220,7 +1257,7 @@ accepts integers that meet the value restriction ``0 <= x <= 255``).
 Notes:
 
 (1)
-   *t* must have the same length as the slice it is replacing.
+   If *k* is not equal to ``1``, *t* must have the same length as the slice it is replacing.
 
 (2)
    The optional argument *i* defaults to ``-1``, so that by default the last
@@ -1497,8 +1534,8 @@ objects that compare equal might have different :attr:`~range.start`,
 .. seealso::
 
    * The `linspace recipe <https://code.activestate.com/recipes/579000-equally-spaced-numbers-linspace/>`_
-     shows how to implement a lazy version of range suitable for floating
-     point applications.
+     shows how to implement a lazy version of range suitable for floating-point
+     applications.
 
 .. index::
    single: string; text sequence type
@@ -1642,7 +1679,7 @@ expression support in the :mod:`re` module).
 
    The casefolding algorithm is
    `described in section 3.13 'Default Case Folding' of the Unicode Standard
-   <https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode15.1.0/ch03.pdf>`__.
+   <https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode16.0.0/core-spec/chapter-3/#G33992>`__.
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.3
 
@@ -1806,7 +1843,7 @@ expression support in the :mod:`re` module).
    property being one of "Lm", "Lt", "Lu", "Ll", or "Lo".  Note that this is different
    from the `Alphabetic property defined in the section 4.10 'Letters, Alphabetic, and
    Ideographic' of the Unicode Standard
-   <https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode15.1.0/ch04.pdf>`_.
+   <https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode16.0.0/core-spec/chapter-4/#G91002>`_.
 
 
 .. method:: str.isascii()
@@ -1942,7 +1979,7 @@ expression support in the :mod:`re` module).
 
    The lowercasing algorithm used is
    `described in section 3.13 'Default Case Folding' of the Unicode Standard
-   <https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode15.1.0/ch03.pdf>`__.
+   <https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode16.0.0/core-spec/chapter-3/#G33992>`__.
 
 
 .. method:: str.lstrip([chars])
@@ -2095,8 +2132,9 @@ expression support in the :mod:`re` module).
    If *sep* is given, consecutive delimiters are not grouped together and are
    deemed to delimit empty strings (for example, ``'1,,2'.split(',')`` returns
    ``['1', '', '2']``).  The *sep* argument may consist of multiple characters
-   (for example, ``'1<>2<>3'.split('<>')`` returns ``['1', '2', '3']``).
-   Splitting an empty string with a specified separator returns ``['']``.
+   as a single delimiter (to split with multiple delimiters, use
+   :func:`re.split`). Splitting an empty string with a specified separator
+   returns ``['']``.
 
    For example::
 
@@ -2106,6 +2144,8 @@ expression support in the :mod:`re` module).
       ['1', '2,3']
       >>> '1,2,,3,'.split(',')
       ['1', '2', '', '3', '']
+      >>> '1<>2<>3<4'.split('<>')
+      ['1', '2', '3<4']
 
    If *sep* is not specified or is ``None``, a different splitting algorithm is
    applied: runs of consecutive whitespace are regarded as a single separator,
@@ -2291,7 +2331,7 @@ expression support in the :mod:`re` module).
 
    The uppercasing algorithm used is
    `described in section 3.13 'Default Case Folding' of the Unicode Standard
-   <https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode15.1.0/ch03.pdf>`__.
+   <https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode16.0.0/core-spec/chapter-3/#G33992>`__.
 
 
 .. method:: str.zfill(width)
@@ -2439,19 +2479,19 @@ The conversion types are:
 +------------+-----------------------------------------------------+-------+
 | ``'X'``    | Signed hexadecimal (uppercase).                     | \(2)  |
 +------------+-----------------------------------------------------+-------+
-| ``'e'``    | Floating point exponential format (lowercase).      | \(3)  |
+| ``'e'``    | Floating-point exponential format (lowercase).      | \(3)  |
 +------------+-----------------------------------------------------+-------+
-| ``'E'``    | Floating point exponential format (uppercase).      | \(3)  |
+| ``'E'``    | Floating-point exponential format (uppercase).      | \(3)  |
 +------------+-----------------------------------------------------+-------+
-| ``'f'``    | Floating point decimal format.                      | \(3)  |
+| ``'f'``    | Floating-point decimal format.                      | \(3)  |
 +------------+-----------------------------------------------------+-------+
-| ``'F'``    | Floating point decimal format.                      | \(3)  |
+| ``'F'``    | Floating-point decimal format.                      | \(3)  |
 +------------+-----------------------------------------------------+-------+
-| ``'g'``    | Floating point format. Uses lowercase exponential   | \(4)  |
+| ``'g'``    | Floating-point format. Uses lowercase exponential   | \(4)  |
 |            | format if exponent is less than -4 or not less than |       |
 |            | precision, decimal format otherwise.                |       |
 +------------+-----------------------------------------------------+-------+
-| ``'G'``    | Floating point format. Uses uppercase exponential   | \(4)  |
+| ``'G'``    | Floating-point format. Uses uppercase exponential   | \(4)  |
 |            | format if exponent is less than -4 or not less than |       |
 |            | precision, decimal format otherwise.                |       |
 +------------+-----------------------------------------------------+-------+
@@ -3149,10 +3189,9 @@ produce new objects.
    If *sep* is given, consecutive delimiters are not grouped together and are
    deemed to delimit empty subsequences (for example, ``b'1,,2'.split(b',')``
    returns ``[b'1', b'', b'2']``).  The *sep* argument may consist of a
-   multibyte sequence (for example, ``b'1<>2<>3'.split(b'<>')`` returns
-   ``[b'1', b'2', b'3']``). Splitting an empty sequence with a specified
-   separator returns ``[b'']`` or ``[bytearray(b'')]`` depending on the type
-   of object being split.  The *sep* argument may be any
+   multibyte sequence as a single delimiter. Splitting an empty sequence with
+   a specified separator returns ``[b'']`` or ``[bytearray(b'')]`` depending
+   on the type of object being split.  The *sep* argument may be any
    :term:`bytes-like object`.
 
    For example::
@@ -3163,6 +3202,8 @@ produce new objects.
       [b'1', b'2,3']
       >>> b'1,2,,3,'.split(b',')
       [b'1', b'2', b'', b'3', b'']
+      >>> b'1<>2<>3<4'.split(b'<>')
+      [b'1', b'2', b'3<4']
 
    If *sep* is not specified or is ``None``, a different splitting algorithm
    is applied: runs of consecutive ASCII whitespace are regarded as a single
@@ -3436,7 +3477,7 @@ place, and instead produce new objects.
    ``b'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'``. Uppercase ASCII characters
    are those byte values in the sequence ``b'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'``.
 
-   Unlike :func:`str.swapcase()`, it is always the case that
+   Unlike :func:`str.swapcase`, it is always the case that
    ``bin.swapcase().swapcase() == bin`` for the binary versions. Case
    conversions are symmetrical in ASCII, even though that is not generally
    true for arbitrary Unicode code points.
@@ -3657,19 +3698,19 @@ The conversion types are:
 +------------+-----------------------------------------------------+-------+
 | ``'X'``    | Signed hexadecimal (uppercase).                     | \(2)  |
 +------------+-----------------------------------------------------+-------+
-| ``'e'``    | Floating point exponential format (lowercase).      | \(3)  |
+| ``'e'``    | Floating-point exponential format (lowercase).      | \(3)  |
 +------------+-----------------------------------------------------+-------+
-| ``'E'``    | Floating point exponential format (uppercase).      | \(3)  |
+| ``'E'``    | Floating-point exponential format (uppercase).      | \(3)  |
 +------------+-----------------------------------------------------+-------+
-| ``'f'``    | Floating point decimal format.                      | \(3)  |
+| ``'f'``    | Floating-point decimal format.                      | \(3)  |
 +------------+-----------------------------------------------------+-------+
-| ``'F'``    | Floating point decimal format.                      | \(3)  |
+| ``'F'``    | Floating-point decimal format.                      | \(3)  |
 +------------+-----------------------------------------------------+-------+
-| ``'g'``    | Floating point format. Uses lowercase exponential   | \(4)  |
+| ``'g'``    | Floating-point format. Uses lowercase exponential   | \(4)  |
 |            | format if exponent is less than -4 or not less than |       |
 |            | precision, decimal format otherwise.                |       |
 +------------+-----------------------------------------------------+-------+
-| ``'G'``    | Floating point format. Uses uppercase exponential   | \(4)  |
+| ``'G'``    | Floating-point format. Uses uppercase exponential   | \(4)  |
 |            | format if exponent is less than -4 or not less than |       |
 |            | precision, decimal format otherwise.                |       |
 +------------+-----------------------------------------------------+-------+
@@ -3848,6 +3889,9 @@ copying.
    .. versionchanged:: 3.5
       memoryviews can now be indexed with tuple of integers.
 
+   .. versionchanged:: next
+      memoryview is now a :term:`generic type`.
+
    :class:`memoryview` has several methods:
 
    .. method:: __eq__(exporter)
@@ -3891,7 +3935,7 @@ copying.
          >>> a == b
          False
 
-      Note that, as with floating point numbers, ``v is w`` does *not* imply
+      Note that, as with floating-point numbers, ``v is w`` does *not* imply
       ``v == w`` for memoryview objects.
 
       .. versionchanged:: 3.3
@@ -3982,7 +4026,7 @@ copying.
       dangling resources) as soon as possible.
 
       After this method has been called, any further operation on the view
-      raises a :class:`ValueError` (except :meth:`release()` itself which can
+      raises a :class:`ValueError` (except :meth:`release` itself which can
       be called multiple times)::
 
          >>> m = memoryview(b'abc')
@@ -4464,14 +4508,14 @@ can be used interchangeably to index the same dictionary entry.
      ``dict([('foo', 100), ('bar', 200)])``, ``dict(foo=100, bar=200)``
 
    If no positional argument is given, an empty dictionary is created.
-   If a positional argument is given and it is a mapping object, a dictionary
-   is created with the same key-value pairs as the mapping object.  Otherwise,
-   the positional argument must be an :term:`iterable` object.  Each item in
-   the iterable must itself be an iterable with exactly two objects.  The
-   first object of each item becomes a key in the new dictionary, and the
-   second object the corresponding value.  If a key occurs more than once, the
-   last value for that key becomes the corresponding value in the new
-   dictionary.
+   If a positional argument is given and it defines a ``keys()`` method, a
+   dictionary is created by calling :meth:`~object.__getitem__` on the argument with
+   each returned key from the method.  Otherwise, the positional argument must be an
+   :term:`iterable` object.  Each item in the iterable must itself be an iterable
+   with exactly two elements.  The first element of each item becomes a key in the
+   new dictionary, and the second element the corresponding value.  If a key occurs
+   more than once, the last value for that key becomes the corresponding value in
+   the new dictionary.
 
    If keyword arguments are given, the keyword arguments and their values are
    added to the dictionary created from the positional argument.  If a key
@@ -4565,7 +4609,7 @@ can be used interchangeably to index the same dictionary entry.
 
       Return a shallow copy of the dictionary.
 
-   .. classmethod:: fromkeys(iterable, value=None)
+   .. classmethod:: fromkeys(iterable, value=None, /)
 
       Create a new dictionary with keys from *iterable* and values set to *value*.
 
@@ -4628,10 +4672,11 @@ can be used interchangeably to index the same dictionary entry.
       Update the dictionary with the key/value pairs from *other*, overwriting
       existing keys.  Return ``None``.
 
-      :meth:`update` accepts either another dictionary object or an iterable of
-      key/value pairs (as tuples or other iterables of length two).  If keyword
-      arguments are specified, the dictionary is then updated with those
-      key/value pairs: ``d.update(red=1, blue=2)``.
+      :meth:`update` accepts either another object with a ``keys()`` method (in
+      which case :meth:`~object.__getitem__` is called with every key returned from
+      the method). or an iterable of key/value pairs (as tuples or other iterables
+      of length two). If keyword arguments are specified, the dictionary is then
+      updated with those key/value pairs: ``d.update(red=1, blue=2)``.
 
    .. method:: values()
 
@@ -5480,22 +5525,6 @@ types, where they are relevant.  Some of these are not reported by the
 :func:`dir` built-in function.
 
 
-.. attribute:: object.__dict__
-
-   A dictionary or other mapping object used to store an object's (writable)
-   attributes.
-
-
-.. attribute:: instance.__class__
-
-   The class to which a class instance belongs.
-
-
-.. attribute:: class.__bases__
-
-   The tuple of base classes of a class object.
-
-
 .. attribute:: definition.__name__
 
    The name of the class, function, method, descriptor, or
@@ -5510,43 +5539,24 @@ types, where they are relevant.  Some of these are not reported by the
    .. versionadded:: 3.3
 
 
-.. attribute:: definition.__type_params__
+.. attribute:: definition.__module__
 
-   The :ref:`type parameters <type-params>` of generic classes, functions,
-   and :ref:`type aliases <type-aliases>`.
-
-   .. versionadded:: 3.12
+   The name of the module in which a class or function was defined.
 
 
-.. attribute:: class.__mro__
+.. attribute:: definition.__doc__
 
-   This attribute is a tuple of classes that are considered when looking for
-   base classes during method resolution.
+   The documentation string of a class or function, or ``None`` if undefined.
 
 
-.. method:: class.mro()
-
-   This method can be overridden by a metaclass to customize the method
-   resolution order for its instances.  It is called at class instantiation, and
-   its result is stored in :attr:`~class.__mro__`.
-
-
-.. method:: class.__subclasses__
-
-   Each class keeps a list of weak references to its immediate subclasses.  This
-   method returns a list of all those references still alive.  The list is in
-   definition order.  Example::
-
-      >>> int.__subclasses__()
-      [<class 'bool'>, <enum 'IntEnum'>, <flag 'IntFlag'>, <class 're._constants._NamedIntConstant'>]
-
+.. attribute:: definition.__type_params__
 
-.. attribute:: class.__static_attributes__
+   The :ref:`type parameters <type-params>` of generic classes, functions,
+   and :ref:`type aliases <type-aliases>`. For classes and functions that
+   are not generic, this will be an empty tuple.
 
-      A tuple containing names of attributes of this class which are accessed
-      through ``self.X`` from any function in its body.
+   .. versionadded:: 3.12
 
-      .. versionadded:: 3.13
 
 .. _int_max_str_digits:
 
diff --git a/Doc/library/string.rst b/Doc/library/string.rst
index c3c0d732cf18d4..49aeb28d57c8d1 100644
--- a/Doc/library/string.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/string.rst
@@ -418,7 +418,7 @@ instead.
 .. index:: single: _ (underscore); in string formatting
 
 The ``'_'`` option signals the use of an underscore for a thousands
-separator for floating point presentation types and for integer
+separator for floating-point presentation types and for integer
 presentation type ``'d'``.  For integer presentation types ``'b'``,
 ``'o'``, ``'x'``, and ``'X'``, underscores will be inserted every 4
 digits.  For other presentation types, specifying this option is an
@@ -491,9 +491,9 @@ The available integer presentation types are:
    +---------+----------------------------------------------------------+
 
 In addition to the above presentation types, integers can be formatted
-with the floating point presentation types listed below (except
+with the floating-point presentation types listed below (except
 ``'n'`` and ``None``). When doing so, :func:`float` is used to convert the
-integer to a floating point number before formatting.
+integer to a floating-point number before formatting.
 
 The available presentation types for :class:`float` and
 :class:`~decimal.Decimal` values are:
@@ -509,9 +509,8 @@ The available presentation types for :class:`float` and
    |         | significant digits. With no precision given, uses a      |
    |         | precision of ``6`` digits after the decimal point for    |
    |         | :class:`float`, and shows all coefficient digits         |
-   |         | for :class:`~decimal.Decimal`. If no digits follow the   |
-   |         | decimal point, the decimal point is also removed unless  |
-   |         | the ``#`` option is used.                                |
+   |         | for :class:`~decimal.Decimal`.  If ``p=0``, the decimal  |
+   |         | point is omitted unless the ``#`` option is used.        |
    +---------+----------------------------------------------------------+
    | ``'E'`` | Scientific notation. Same as ``'e'`` except it uses      |
    |         | an upper case 'E' as the separator character.            |
@@ -522,9 +521,8 @@ The available presentation types for :class:`float` and
    |         | precision given, uses a precision of ``6`` digits after  |
    |         | the decimal point for :class:`float`, and uses a         |
    |         | precision large enough to show all coefficient digits    |
-   |         | for :class:`~decimal.Decimal`. If no digits follow the   |
-   |         | decimal point, the decimal point is also removed unless  |
-   |         | the ``#`` option is used.                                |
+   |         | for :class:`~decimal.Decimal`.  If ``p=0``, the decimal  |
+   |         | point is omitted unless the ``#`` option is used.        |
    +---------+----------------------------------------------------------+
    | ``'F'`` | Fixed-point notation. Same as ``'f'``, but converts      |
    |         | ``nan`` to  ``NAN`` and ``inf`` to ``INF``.              |
@@ -574,11 +572,13 @@ The available presentation types for :class:`float` and
    | ``'%'`` | Percentage. Multiplies the number by 100 and displays    |
    |         | in fixed (``'f'``) format, followed by a percent sign.   |
    +---------+----------------------------------------------------------+
-   | None    | For :class:`float` this is the same as ``'g'``, except   |
+   | None    | For :class:`float` this is like the ``'g'`` type, except |
    |         | that when fixed-point notation is used to format the     |
    |         | result, it always includes at least one digit past the   |
-   |         | decimal point. The precision used is as large as needed  |
-   |         | to represent the given value faithfully.                 |
+   |         | decimal point, and switches to the scientific notation   |
+   |         | when ``exp >= p - 1``.  When the precision is not        |
+   |         | specified, the latter will be as large as needed to      |
+   |         | represent the given value faithfully.                    |
    |         |                                                          |
    |         | For :class:`~decimal.Decimal`, this is the same as       |
    |         | either ``'g'`` or ``'G'`` depending on the value of      |
diff --git a/Doc/library/struct.rst b/Doc/library/struct.rst
index a2c293443e23d3..3ea9e5ba071289 100644
--- a/Doc/library/struct.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/struct.rst
@@ -267,21 +267,35 @@ platform-dependent.
 | ``P``  | :c:expr:`void \*`        | integer            |                | \(5)       |
 +--------+--------------------------+--------------------+----------------+------------+
 
+Additionally, if IEC 60559 compatible complex arithmetic (Annex G of the
+C11 standard) is supported, the following format characters are available:
+
++--------+--------------------------+--------------------+----------------+------------+
+| Format | C Type                   | Python type        | Standard size  | Notes      |
++========+==========================+====================+================+============+
+| ``E``  | :c:expr:`float complex`  | complex            | 8              | \(10)      |
++--------+--------------------------+--------------------+----------------+------------+
+| ``C``  | :c:expr:`double complex` | complex            | 16             | \(10)      |
++--------+--------------------------+--------------------+----------------+------------+
+
 .. versionchanged:: 3.3
    Added support for the ``'n'`` and ``'N'`` formats.
 
 .. versionchanged:: 3.6
    Added support for the ``'e'`` format.
 
+.. versionchanged:: 3.14
+   Added support for the ``'E'`` and ``'C'`` formats.
+
 
 Notes:
 
 (1)
    .. index:: single: ? (question mark); in struct format strings
 
-   The ``'?'`` conversion code corresponds to the :c:expr:`_Bool` type defined by
-   C99. If this type is not available, it is simulated using a :c:expr:`char`. In
-   standard mode, it is always represented by one byte.
+   The ``'?'`` conversion code corresponds to the :c:expr:`_Bool` type
+   defined by C standards since C99.  In standard mode, it is
+   represented by one byte.
 
 (2)
    When attempting to pack a non-integer using any of the integer conversion
@@ -349,6 +363,11 @@ Notes:
    of bytes.  As a special case, ``'0s'`` means a single, empty string (while
    ``'0c'`` means 0 characters).
 
+(10)
+   For the ``'E'`` and ``'C'`` format characters, the packed representation uses
+   the IEEE 754 binary32 and binary64 format for components of the complex
+   number, regardless of the floating-point format used by the platform.
+
 A format character may be preceded by an integral repeat count.  For example,
 the format string ``'4h'`` means exactly the same as ``'hhhh'``.
 
diff --git a/Doc/library/subprocess.rst b/Doc/library/subprocess.rst
index f520d989e0c70d..05d09e304b32bf 100644
--- a/Doc/library/subprocess.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/subprocess.rst
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ modules and functions can be found in the following sections.
 
    :pep:`324` -- PEP proposing the subprocess module
 
-.. include:: ../includes/wasm-ios-notavail.rst
+.. include:: ../includes/wasm-mobile-notavail.rst
 
 Using the :mod:`subprocess` Module
 ----------------------------------
@@ -608,7 +608,7 @@ functions.
 
    If *group* is not ``None``, the setregid() system call will be made in the
    child process prior to the execution of the subprocess. If the provided
-   value is a string, it will be looked up via :func:`grp.getgrnam()` and
+   value is a string, it will be looked up via :func:`grp.getgrnam` and
    the value in ``gr_gid`` will be used. If the value is an integer, it
    will be passed verbatim. (POSIX only)
 
@@ -618,7 +618,7 @@ functions.
    If *extra_groups* is not ``None``, the setgroups() system call will be
    made in the child process prior to the execution of the subprocess.
    Strings provided in *extra_groups* will be looked up via
-   :func:`grp.getgrnam()` and the values in ``gr_gid`` will be used.
+   :func:`grp.getgrnam` and the values in ``gr_gid`` will be used.
    Integer values will be passed verbatim. (POSIX only)
 
    .. availability:: POSIX
@@ -626,7 +626,7 @@ functions.
 
    If *user* is not ``None``, the setreuid() system call will be made in the
    child process prior to the execution of the subprocess. If the provided
-   value is a string, it will be looked up via :func:`pwd.getpwnam()` and
+   value is a string, it will be looked up via :func:`pwd.getpwnam` and
    the value in ``pw_uid`` will be used. If the value is an integer, it will
    be passed verbatim. (POSIX only)
 
@@ -1126,7 +1126,7 @@ The :mod:`subprocess` module exposes the following constants.
 .. data:: NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS
 
    A :class:`Popen` ``creationflags`` parameter to specify that a new process
-   will have an normal priority. (default)
+   will have a normal priority. (default)
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.7
 
@@ -1561,36 +1561,22 @@ runtime):
       Module which provides function to parse and escape command lines.
 
 
-.. _disable_vfork:
 .. _disable_posix_spawn:
 
-Disabling use of ``vfork()`` or ``posix_spawn()``
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+Disable use of ``posix_spawn()``
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
 On Linux, :mod:`subprocess` defaults to using the ``vfork()`` system call
 internally when it is safe to do so rather than ``fork()``. This greatly
 improves performance.
 
-If you ever encounter a presumed highly unusual situation where you need to
-prevent ``vfork()`` from being used by Python, you can set the
-:const:`subprocess._USE_VFORK` attribute to a false value.
-
-::
-
-   subprocess._USE_VFORK = False  # See CPython issue gh-NNNNNN.
-
-Setting this has no impact on use of ``posix_spawn()`` which could use
-``vfork()`` internally within its libc implementation.  There is a similar
-:const:`subprocess._USE_POSIX_SPAWN` attribute if you need to prevent use of
-that.
-
 ::
 
    subprocess._USE_POSIX_SPAWN = False  # See CPython issue gh-NNNNNN.
 
-It is safe to set these to false on any Python version. They will have no
-effect on older versions when unsupported. Do not assume the attributes are
-available to read. Despite their names, a true value does not indicate that the
+It is safe to set this to false on any Python version. It will have no
+effect on older or newer versions where unsupported. Do not assume the attribute
+is available to read. Despite the name, a true value does not indicate the
 corresponding function will be used, only that it may be.
 
 Please file issues any time you have to use these private knobs with a way to
@@ -1598,4 +1584,3 @@ reproduce the issue you were seeing. Link to that issue from a comment in your
 code.
 
 .. versionadded:: 3.8 ``_USE_POSIX_SPAWN``
-.. versionadded:: 3.11 ``_USE_VFORK``
diff --git a/Doc/library/symtable.rst b/Doc/library/symtable.rst
index e17a33f7feb1ab..54e19af4bd69a6 100644
--- a/Doc/library/symtable.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/symtable.rst
@@ -31,21 +31,74 @@ Generating Symbol Tables
 Examining Symbol Tables
 -----------------------
 
+.. class:: SymbolTableType
+
+   An enumeration indicating the type of a :class:`SymbolTable` object.
+
+   .. attribute:: MODULE
+      :value: "module"
+
+      Used for the symbol table of a module.
+
+   .. attribute:: FUNCTION
+      :value: "function"
+
+      Used for the symbol table of a function.
+
+   .. attribute:: CLASS
+      :value: "class"
+
+      Used for the symbol table of a class.
+
+   The following members refer to different flavors of
+   :ref:`annotation scopes <annotation-scopes>`.
+
+   .. attribute:: ANNOTATION
+      :value: "annotation"
+
+      Used for annotations if ``from __future__ import annotations`` is active.
+
+   .. attribute:: TYPE_ALIAS
+      :value: "type alias"
+
+      Used for the symbol table of :keyword:`type` constructions.
+
+   .. attribute:: TYPE_PARAMETERS
+      :value: "type parameters"
+
+      Used for the symbol table of :ref:`generic functions <generic-functions>`
+      or :ref:`generic classes <generic-classes>`.
+
+   .. attribute:: TYPE_VARIABLE
+      :value: "type variable"
+
+      Used for the symbol table of the bound, the constraint tuple or the
+      default value of a single type variable in the formal sense, i.e.,
+      a TypeVar, a TypeVarTuple or a ParamSpec object (the latter two do
+      not support a bound or a constraint tuple).
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.13
+
 .. class:: SymbolTable
 
    A namespace table for a block.  The constructor is not public.
 
    .. method:: get_type()
 
-      Return the type of the symbol table.  Possible values are ``'class'``,
-      ``'module'``, ``'function'``, ``'annotation'``, ``'TypeVar bound'``,
-      ``'type alias'``, and ``'type parameter'``. The latter four refer to
-      different flavors of :ref:`annotation scopes <annotation-scopes>`.
+      Return the type of the symbol table.  Possible values are members
+      of the :class:`SymbolTableType` enumeration.
 
       .. versionchanged:: 3.12
          Added ``'annotation'``,  ``'TypeVar bound'``, ``'type alias'``,
          and ``'type parameter'`` as possible return values.
 
+      .. versionchanged:: 3.13
+         Return values are members of the :class:`SymbolTableType` enumeration.
+
+         The exact values of the returned string may change in the future,
+         and thus, it is recommended to use :class:`SymbolTableType` members
+         instead of hard-coded strings.
+
    .. method:: get_id()
 
       Return the table's identifier.
@@ -114,11 +167,12 @@ Examining Symbol Tables
 
    .. method:: get_nonlocals()
 
-      Return a tuple containing names of nonlocals in this function.
+      Return a tuple containing names of explicitly declared nonlocals in this function.
 
    .. method:: get_frees()
 
-      Return a tuple containing names of free variables in this function.
+      Return a tuple containing names of :term:`free (closure) variables <closure variable>`
+      in this function.
 
 
 .. class:: Class
@@ -127,7 +181,54 @@ Examining Symbol Tables
 
    .. method:: get_methods()
 
-      Return a tuple containing the names of methods declared in the class.
+      Return a tuple containing the names of method-like functions declared
+      in the class.
+
+      Here, the term 'method' designates *any* function defined in the class
+      body via :keyword:`def` or :keyword:`async def`.
+
+      Functions defined in a deeper scope (e.g., in an inner class) are not
+      picked up by :meth:`get_methods`.
+
+      For example:
+
+      .. testsetup:: symtable.Class.get_methods
+
+         import warnings
+         context = warnings.catch_warnings()
+         context.__enter__()
+         warnings.simplefilter("ignore", category=DeprecationWarning)
+
+      .. testcleanup:: symtable.Class.get_methods
+
+         context.__exit__()
+
+      .. doctest:: symtable.Class.get_methods
+
+         >>> import symtable
+         >>> st = symtable.symtable('''
+         ... def outer(): pass
+         ...
+         ... class A:
+         ...    def f():
+         ...        def w(): pass
+         ...
+         ...    def g(self): pass
+         ...
+         ...    @classmethod
+         ...    async def h(cls): pass
+         ...
+         ...    global outer
+         ...    def outer(self): pass
+         ... ''', 'test', 'exec')
+         >>> class_A = st.get_children()[2]
+         >>> class_A.get_methods()
+         ('f', 'g', 'h')
+
+      Although ``A().f()`` raises :exc:`TypeError` at runtime, ``A.f`` is still
+      considered as a method-like function.
+
+      .. deprecated-removed:: 3.14 3.16
 
 
 .. class:: Symbol
@@ -155,6 +256,8 @@ Examining Symbol Tables
 
       Return ``True`` if the symbol is a type parameter.
 
+      .. versionadded:: 3.14
+
    .. method:: is_global()
 
       Return ``True`` if the symbol is global.
@@ -182,10 +285,42 @@ Examining Symbol Tables
       Return ``True`` if the symbol is referenced in its block, but not assigned
       to.
 
+   .. method:: is_free_class()
+
+      Return *True* if a class-scoped symbol is free from
+      the perspective of a method.
+
+      Consider the following example::
+
+         def f():
+             x = 1  # function-scoped
+             class C:
+                 x = 2  # class-scoped
+                 def method(self):
+                     return x
+
+      In this example, the class-scoped symbol ``x`` is considered to
+      be free from the perspective of ``C.method``, thereby allowing
+      the latter to return *1* at runtime and not *2*.
+
+      .. versionadded:: 3.14
+
    .. method:: is_assigned()
 
       Return ``True`` if the symbol is assigned to in its block.
 
+   .. method:: is_comp_iter()
+
+      Return ``True`` if the symbol is a comprehension iteration variable.
+
+      .. versionadded:: 3.14
+
+   .. method:: is_comp_cell()
+
+      Return ``True`` if the symbol is a cell in an inlined comprehension.
+
+      .. versionadded:: 3.14
+
    .. method:: is_namespace()
 
       Return ``True`` if name binding introduces new namespace.
diff --git a/Doc/library/sys.monitoring.rst b/Doc/library/sys.monitoring.rst
index 0fa06da522049f..f7140af2494898 100644
--- a/Doc/library/sys.monitoring.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/sys.monitoring.rst
@@ -50,16 +50,14 @@ Registering and using tools
    *tool_id* must be in the range 0 to 5 inclusive.
    Raises a :exc:`ValueError` if *tool_id* is in use.
 
-.. function:: free_tool_id(tool_id: int, /) -> None
+.. function:: clear_tool_id(tool_id: int, /) -> None
 
-   Should be called once a tool no longer requires *tool_id*.
+   Unregister all events and callback functions associated with *tool_id*.
 
-.. note::
+.. function:: free_tool_id(tool_id: int, /) -> None
 
-   :func:`free_tool_id` will not disable global or local events associated
-   with *tool_id*, nor will it unregister any callback functions. This
-   function is only intended to be used to notify the VM that the
-   particular *tool_id* is no longer in use.
+   Should be called once a tool no longer requires *tool_id*.
+   Will call :func:`clear_tool_id` before releasing *tool_id*.
 
 .. function:: get_tool(tool_id: int, /) -> str | None
 
@@ -226,6 +224,10 @@ To allow tools to monitor for real exceptions without slowing down generators
 and coroutines, the :monitoring-event:`STOP_ITERATION` event is provided.
 :monitoring-event:`STOP_ITERATION` can be locally disabled, unlike :monitoring-event:`RAISE`.
 
+Note that the :monitoring-event:`STOP_ITERATION` event and the :monitoring-event:`RAISE`
+event for a :exc:`StopIteration` exception are equivalent, and are treated as interchangeable
+when generating events. Implementations will favor :monitoring-event:`STOP_ITERATION` for
+performance reasons, but may generate a :monitoring-event:`RAISE` event with a :exc:`StopIteration`.
 
 Turning events on and off
 -------------------------
@@ -258,7 +260,7 @@ Per code object events
 Events can also be controlled on a per code object basis. The functions
 defined below which accept a :class:`types.CodeType` should be prepared
 to accept a look-alike object from functions which are not defined
-in Python (see :ref:`monitoring`).
+in Python (see :ref:`c-api-monitoring`).
 
 .. function:: get_local_events(tool_id: int, code: CodeType, /) -> int
 
diff --git a/Doc/library/sys.rst b/Doc/library/sys.rst
index ed809d04167ffd..37f1719db607de 100644
--- a/Doc/library/sys.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/sys.rst
@@ -735,11 +735,11 @@ always available.
    regardless of their size.  This function is mainly useful for tracking
    and debugging memory leaks.  Because of the interpreter's internal
    caches, the result can vary from call to call; you may have to call
-   :func:`_clear_internal_caches()` and :func:`gc.collect()` to get more
+   :func:`_clear_internal_caches` and :func:`gc.collect` to get more
    predictable results.
 
    If a Python build or implementation cannot reasonably compute this
-   information, :func:`getallocatedblocks()` is allowed to return 0 instead.
+   information, :func:`getallocatedblocks` is allowed to return 0 instead.
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.4
 
@@ -920,6 +920,35 @@ always available.
       It is not guaranteed to exist in all implementations of Python.
 
 
+.. function:: getobjects(limit[, type])
+
+   This function only exists if CPython was built using the
+   specialized configure option :option:`--with-trace-refs`.
+   It is intended only for debugging garbage-collection issues.
+
+   Return a list of up to *limit* dynamically allocated Python objects.
+   If *type* is given, only objects of that exact type (not subtypes)
+   are included.
+
+   Objects from the list are not safe to use.
+   Specifically, the result will include objects from all interpreters that
+   share their object allocator state (that is, ones created with
+   :c:member:`PyInterpreterConfig.use_main_obmalloc` set to 1
+   or using :c:func:`Py_NewInterpreter`, and the
+   :ref:`main interpreter <sub-interpreter-support>`).
+   Mixing objects from different interpreters may lead to crashes
+   or other unexpected behavior.
+
+   .. impl-detail::
+
+      This function should be used for specialized purposes only.
+      It is not guaranteed to exist in all implementations of Python.
+
+   .. versionchanged:: next
+
+      The result may include objects from other interpreters.
+
+
 .. function:: getprofile()
 
    .. index::
@@ -1274,7 +1303,8 @@ always available.
     that implement Python's default import semantics. The
     :meth:`~importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder.find_spec` method is called with at
     least the absolute name of the module being imported. If the module to be
-    imported is contained in a package, then the parent package's :attr:`__path__`
+    imported is contained in a package, then the parent package's
+    :attr:`~module.__path__`
     attribute is passed in as a second argument. The method returns a
     :term:`module spec`, or ``None`` if the module cannot be found.
 
@@ -1712,7 +1742,7 @@ always available.
 
    To enable, pass a *depth* value greater than zero; this sets the
    number of frames whose information will be captured. To disable,
-   pass set *depth* to zero.
+   set *depth* to zero.
 
    This setting is thread-specific.
 
diff --git a/Doc/library/sysconfig.rst b/Doc/library/sysconfig.rst
index 9556da808f8c63..3921908b7c7bfc 100644
--- a/Doc/library/sysconfig.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/sysconfig.rst
@@ -305,7 +305,7 @@ Installation path functions
    mix with those by the other.
 
    End users should not use this function, but :func:`get_default_scheme` and
-   :func:`get_preferred_scheme()` instead.
+   :func:`get_preferred_scheme` instead.
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.10
 
@@ -376,7 +376,7 @@ Other functions
 
    This is used mainly to distinguish platform-specific build directories and
    platform-specific built distributions.  Typically includes the OS name and
-   version and the architecture (as supplied by 'os.uname()'), although the
+   version and the architecture (as supplied by :func:`os.uname`), although the
    exact information included depends on the OS; e.g., on Linux, the kernel
    version isn't particularly important.
 
diff --git a/Doc/library/tarfile.rst b/Doc/library/tarfile.rst
index 5b624f3533136f..c9d69cf5094095 100644
--- a/Doc/library/tarfile.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/tarfile.rst
@@ -40,9 +40,12 @@ Some facts and figures:
    Archives are extracted using a :ref:`filter <tarfile-extraction-filter>`,
    which makes it possible to either limit surprising/dangerous features,
    or to acknowledge that they are expected and the archive is fully trusted.
-   By default, archives are fully trusted, but this default is deprecated
-   and slated to change in Python 3.14.
 
+.. versionchanged:: 3.14
+   Set the default extraction filter to :func:`data <data_filter>`,
+   which disallows some dangerous features such as links to absolute paths
+   or paths outside of the destination. Previously, the filter strategy
+   was equivalent to :func:`fully_trusted <fully_trusted_filter>`.
 
 .. function:: open(name=None, mode='r', fileobj=None, bufsize=10240, **kwargs)
 
@@ -495,18 +498,18 @@ be finalized; only the internally used file object will be closed. See the
    The *filter* argument specifies how ``members`` are modified or rejected
    before extraction.
    See :ref:`tarfile-extraction-filter` for details.
-   It is recommended to set this explicitly depending on which *tar* features
-   you need to support.
+   It is recommended to set this explicitly only if specific *tar* features
+   are required, or as ``filter='data'`` to support Python versions with a less
+   secure default (3.13 and lower).
 
    .. warning::
 
       Never extract archives from untrusted sources without prior inspection.
-      It is possible that files are created outside of *path*, e.g. members
-      that have absolute filenames starting with ``"/"`` or filenames with two
-      dots ``".."``.
 
-      Set ``filter='data'`` to prevent the most dangerous security issues,
-      and read the :ref:`tarfile-extraction-filter` section for details.
+      Since Python 3.14, the default (:func:`data <data_filter>`) will prevent
+      the most dangerous security issues.
+      However, it will not prevent *all* unintended or insecure behavior.
+      Read the :ref:`tarfile-extraction-filter` section for details.
 
    .. versionchanged:: 3.5
       Added the *numeric_owner* parameter.
@@ -517,6 +520,9 @@ be finalized; only the internally used file object will be closed. See the
    .. versionchanged:: 3.12
       Added the *filter* parameter.
 
+   .. versionchanged:: 3.14
+      The *filter* parameter now defaults to ``'data'``.
+
 
 .. method:: TarFile.extract(member, path="", set_attrs=True, *, numeric_owner=False, filter=None)
 
@@ -536,10 +542,8 @@ be finalized; only the internally used file object will be closed. See the
 
    .. warning::
 
-      See the warning for :meth:`extractall`.
-
-      Set ``filter='data'`` to prevent the most dangerous security issues,
-      and read the :ref:`tarfile-extraction-filter` section for details.
+      Never extract archives from untrusted sources without prior inspection.
+      See the warning for :meth:`extractall` for details.
 
    .. versionchanged:: 3.2
       Added the *set_attrs* parameter.
@@ -602,14 +606,8 @@ be finalized; only the internally used file object will be closed. See the
    String names are not allowed for this attribute, unlike the *filter*
    argument to :meth:`~TarFile.extract`.
 
-   If ``extraction_filter`` is ``None`` (the default),
-   calling an extraction method without a *filter* argument will raise a
-   ``DeprecationWarning``,
-   and fall back to the :func:`fully_trusted <fully_trusted_filter>` filter,
-   whose dangerous behavior matches previous versions of Python.
-
-   In Python 3.14+, leaving ``extraction_filter=None`` will cause
-   extraction methods to use the :func:`data <data_filter>` filter by default.
+   If ``extraction_filter`` is ``None`` (the default), extraction methods
+   will use the :func:`data <data_filter>` filter by default.
 
    The attribute may be set on instances or overridden in subclasses.
    It also is possible to set it on the ``TarFile`` class itself to set a
@@ -617,7 +615,15 @@ be finalized; only the internally used file object will be closed. See the
    it is best practice to only do so in top-level applications or
    :mod:`site configuration <site>`.
    To set a global default this way, a filter function needs to be wrapped in
-   :func:`staticmethod()` to prevent injection of a ``self`` argument.
+   :func:`staticmethod` to prevent injection of a ``self`` argument.
+
+   .. versionchanged:: 3.14
+
+      The default filter is set to :func:`data <data_filter>`,
+      which disallows some dangerous features such as links to absolute paths
+      or paths outside of the destination.
+      Previously, the default was equivalent to
+      :func:`fully_trusted <fully_trusted_filter>`.
 
 .. method:: TarFile.add(name, arcname=None, recursive=True, *, filter=None)
 
@@ -969,6 +975,12 @@ In most cases, the full functionality is not needed.
 Therefore, *tarfile* supports extraction filters: a mechanism to limit
 functionality, and thus mitigate some of the security issues.
 
+.. warning::
+
+   None of the available filters blocks *all* dangerous archive features.
+   Never extract archives from untrusted sources without prior inspection.
+   See also :ref:`tarfile-further-verification`.
+
 .. seealso::
 
    :pep:`706`
@@ -992,12 +1004,13 @@ can be:
 
 * ``None`` (default): Use :attr:`TarFile.extraction_filter`.
 
-  If that is also ``None`` (the default), raise a ``DeprecationWarning``,
-  and fall back to the ``'fully_trusted'`` filter, whose dangerous behavior
-  matches previous versions of Python.
+  If that is also ``None`` (the default), the ``'data'`` filter will be used.
+
+   .. versionchanged:: 3.14
 
-  In Python 3.14, the ``'data'`` filter will become the default instead.
-  It's possible to switch earlier; see :attr:`TarFile.extraction_filter`.
+      The default filter is set to :func:`data <data_filter>`.
+      Previously, the default was equivalent to
+      :func:`fully_trusted <fully_trusted_filter>`.
 
 * A callable which will be called for each extracted member with a
   :ref:`TarInfo <tarinfo-objects>` describing the member and the destination
@@ -1080,6 +1093,9 @@ reused in custom filters:
 
   Return the modified ``TarInfo`` member.
 
+  Note that this filter does not block *all* dangerous archive features.
+  See :ref:`tarfile-further-verification`  for details.
+
 
 .. _tarfile-extraction-refuse:
 
@@ -1093,6 +1109,8 @@ With ``errorlevel=0`` the error will be logged and the member will be skipped,
 but extraction will continue.
 
 
+.. _tarfile-further-verification:
+
 Hints for further verification
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
@@ -1110,9 +1128,10 @@ Here is an incomplete list of things to consider:
   disk, memory and CPU usage.
 * Check filenames against an allow-list of characters
   (to filter out control characters, confusables, foreign path separators,
-  etc.).
+  and so on).
 * Check that filenames have expected extensions (discouraging files that
-  execute when you “click on them”, or extension-less files like Windows special device names).
+  execute when you “click on them”, or extension-less files like Windows
+  special device names).
 * Limit the number of extracted files, total size of extracted data,
   filename length (including symlink length), and size of individual files.
 * Check for files that would be shadowed on case-insensitive filesystems.
diff --git a/Doc/library/test.rst b/Doc/library/test.rst
index 2a61f0aaef2b4c..04d28aee0f8672 100644
--- a/Doc/library/test.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/test.rst
@@ -946,7 +946,7 @@ The :mod:`test.support` module defines the following functions:
    other modules, possibly a C backend (like ``csv`` and its ``_csv``).
 
    The *extra* argument can be a set of names that wouldn't otherwise be automatically
-   detected as "public", like objects without a proper ``__module__``
+   detected as "public", like objects without a proper :attr:`~definition.__module__`
    attribute. If provided, it will be added to the automatically detected ones.
 
    The *not_exported* argument can be a set of names that must not be treated
@@ -1701,7 +1701,7 @@ The :mod:`test.support.warnings_helper` module provides support for warnings tes
 
 .. function:: check_warnings(*filters, quiet=True)
 
-   A convenience wrapper for :func:`warnings.catch_warnings()` that makes it
+   A convenience wrapper for :func:`warnings.catch_warnings` that makes it
    easier to test that a warning was correctly raised.  It is approximately
    equivalent to calling ``warnings.catch_warnings(record=True)`` with
    :meth:`warnings.simplefilter` set to ``always`` and with the option to
diff --git a/Doc/library/threading.rst b/Doc/library/threading.rst
index 7b259e22dc7124..d4b343db36efb3 100644
--- a/Doc/library/threading.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/threading.rst
@@ -412,7 +412,7 @@ since it is impossible to detect the termination of alien threads.
       timeout occurs.
 
       When the *timeout* argument is present and not ``None``, it should be a
-      floating point number specifying a timeout for the operation in seconds
+      floating-point number specifying a timeout for the operation in seconds
       (or fractions thereof). As :meth:`~Thread.join` always returns ``None``,
       you must call :meth:`~Thread.is_alive` after :meth:`~Thread.join` to
       decide whether a timeout happened -- if the thread is still alive, the
@@ -567,6 +567,9 @@ All methods are executed atomically.
          Lock acquisition can now be interrupted by signals on POSIX if the
          underlying threading implementation supports it.
 
+      .. versionchanged:: 3.14
+         Lock acquisition can now be interrupted by signals on Windows.
+
 
    .. method:: release()
 
@@ -794,7 +797,7 @@ item to the buffer only needs to wake up one consumer thread.
       occurs.  Once awakened or timed out, it re-acquires the lock and returns.
 
       When the *timeout* argument is present and not ``None``, it should be a
-      floating point number specifying a timeout for the operation in seconds
+      floating-point number specifying a timeout for the operation in seconds
       (or fractions thereof).
 
       When the underlying lock is an :class:`RLock`, it is not released using
@@ -1018,10 +1021,10 @@ method.  The :meth:`~Event.wait` method blocks until the flag is true.
       has not expired. The return value represents the
       reason that this blocking method returned; ``True`` if returning because
       the internal flag is set to true, or ``False`` if a timeout is given and
-      the the internal flag did not become true within the given wait time.
+      the internal flag did not become true within the given wait time.
 
       When the timeout argument is present and not ``None``, it should be a
-      floating point number specifying a timeout for the operation in seconds,
+      floating-point number specifying a timeout for the operation in seconds,
       or fractions thereof.
 
       .. versionchanged:: 3.1
diff --git a/Doc/library/time.rst b/Doc/library/time.rst
index 4d7661715aa0af..a0bf13fc0a3577 100644
--- a/Doc/library/time.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/time.rst
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ An explanation of some terminology and conventions is in order.
   systems, the clock "ticks" only 50 or 100 times a second.
 
 * On the other hand, the precision of :func:`.time` and :func:`sleep` is better
-  than their Unix equivalents: times are expressed as floating point numbers,
+  than their Unix equivalents: times are expressed as floating-point numbers,
   :func:`.time` returns the most accurate time available (using Unix
   :c:func:`!gettimeofday` where available), and :func:`sleep` will accept a time
   with a nonzero fraction (Unix :c:func:`!select` is used to implement this, where
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ Functions
    Use :func:`clock_settime_ns` to avoid the precision loss caused by the
    :class:`float` type.
 
-   .. availability:: Unix.
+   .. availability:: Unix, not Android, not iOS.
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.3
 
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ Functions
 
    Similar to :func:`clock_settime` but set time with nanoseconds.
 
-   .. availability:: Unix.
+   .. availability:: Unix, not Android, not iOS.
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.7
 
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ Functions
    This is the inverse function of :func:`localtime`.  Its argument is the
    :class:`struct_time` or full 9-tuple (since the dst flag is needed; use ``-1``
    as the dst flag if it is unknown) which expresses the time in *local* time, not
-   UTC.  It returns a floating point number, for compatibility with :func:`.time`.
+   UTC.  It returns a floating-point number, for compatibility with :func:`.time`.
    If the input value cannot be represented as a valid time, either
    :exc:`OverflowError` or :exc:`ValueError` will be raised (which depends on
    whether the invalid value is caught by Python or the underlying C libraries).
@@ -327,7 +327,7 @@ Functions
 
    .. impl-detail::
 
-      On CPython, use the same clock than :func:`time.monotonic()` and is a
+      On CPython, use the same clock than :func:`time.monotonic` and is a
       monotonic clock, i.e. a clock that cannot go backwards.
 
    Use :func:`perf_counter_ns` to avoid the precision loss caused by the
@@ -339,7 +339,7 @@ Functions
       On Windows, the function is now system-wide.
 
    .. versionchanged:: 3.13
-      Use the same clock than :func:`time.monotonic()`.
+      Use the same clock than :func:`time.monotonic`.
 
 
 .. function:: perf_counter_ns() -> int
@@ -376,7 +376,7 @@ Functions
 .. function:: sleep(secs)
 
    Suspend execution of the calling thread for the given number of seconds.
-   The argument may be a floating point number to indicate a more precise sleep
+   The argument may be a floating-point number to indicate a more precise sleep
    time.
 
    If the sleep is interrupted by a signal and no exception is raised by the
@@ -665,13 +665,13 @@ Functions
 
 .. function:: time() -> float
 
-   Return the time in seconds since the epoch_ as a floating point
+   Return the time in seconds since the epoch_ as a floating-point
    number. The handling of `leap seconds`_ is platform dependent.
    On Windows and most Unix systems, the leap seconds are not counted towards
    the time in seconds since the epoch_. This is commonly referred to as `Unix
    time <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_time>`_.
 
-   Note that even though the time is always returned as a floating point
+   Note that even though the time is always returned as a floating-point
    number, not all systems provide time with a better precision than 1 second.
    While this function normally returns non-decreasing values, it can return a
    lower value than a previous call if the system clock has been set back
diff --git a/Doc/library/tkinter.rst b/Doc/library/tkinter.rst
index f40790c1175800..f284988daf2d4e 100644
--- a/Doc/library/tkinter.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/tkinter.rst
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ details that are unchanged.
    * `Modern Tkinter for Busy Python Developers <https://tkdocs.com/book.html>`_
       By Mark Roseman. (ISBN 978-1999149567)
 
-   * `Python GUI programming with Tkinter <https://www.packtpub.com/product/python-gui-programming-with-tkinter/9781788835886>`_
+   * `Python GUI programming with Tkinter <https://www.packtpub.com/en-us/product/python-gui-programming-with-tkinter-9781788835886>`_
       By Alan D. Moore. (ISBN 978-1788835886)
 
    * `Programming Python <https://learning-python.com/about-pp4e.html>`_
@@ -983,10 +983,10 @@ option (other options are available as well).
    Added the :class:`!PhotoImage` method :meth:`!copy_replace` to copy a region
    from one image to other image, possibly with pixel zooming and/or
    subsampling.
-   Add *from_coords* parameter to :class:`!PhotoImage` methods :meth:`!copy()`,
-   :meth:`!zoom()` and :meth:`!subsample()`.
+   Add *from_coords* parameter to :class:`!PhotoImage` methods :meth:`!copy`,
+   :meth:`!zoom` and :meth:`!subsample`.
    Add *zoom* and *subsample* parameters to :class:`!PhotoImage` method
-   :meth:`!copy()`.
+   :meth:`!copy`.
 
 The image object can then be used wherever an ``image`` option is supported by
 some widget (e.g. labels, buttons, menus). In these cases, Tk will not keep a
diff --git a/Doc/library/token.rst b/Doc/library/token.rst
index 919ff590b72916..0cc9dddd91ed6b 100644
--- a/Doc/library/token.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/token.rst
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ the :mod:`tokenize` module.
    :noindex:
 
    Token value indicating that a type comment was recognized.  Such
-   tokens are only produced when :func:`ast.parse()` is invoked with
+   tokens are only produced when :func:`ast.parse` is invoked with
    ``type_comments=True``.
 
 
diff --git a/Doc/library/tomllib.rst b/Doc/library/tomllib.rst
index b523ad93b35f9d..521a7a17fb3e8b 100644
--- a/Doc/library/tomllib.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/tomllib.rst
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 
 --------------
 
-This module provides an interface for parsing TOML (Tom's Obvious Minimal
+This module provides an interface for parsing TOML 1.0.0 (Tom's Obvious Minimal
 Language, `https://toml.io <https://toml.io/en/>`_). This module does not
 support writing TOML.
 
diff --git a/Doc/library/traceback.rst b/Doc/library/traceback.rst
index bfd2c3efc4b1f6..100a92b73d5497 100644
--- a/Doc/library/traceback.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/traceback.rst
@@ -8,11 +8,15 @@
 
 --------------
 
-This module provides a standard interface to extract, format and print stack
-traces of Python programs.  It exactly mimics the behavior of the Python
-interpreter when it prints a stack trace.  This is useful when you want to print
-stack traces under program control, such as in a "wrapper" around the
-interpreter.
+This module provides a standard interface to extract, format and print
+stack traces of Python programs. It is more flexible than the
+interpreter's default traceback display, and therefore makes it
+possible to configure certain aspects of the output. Finally,
+it contains a utility for capturing enough information about an
+exception to print it later, without the need to save a reference
+to the actual exception. Since exceptions can be the roots of large
+objects graph, this utility can significantly improve
+memory management.
 
 .. index:: pair: object; traceback
 
@@ -29,7 +33,20 @@ which are assigned to the :attr:`~BaseException.__traceback__` field of
    Module :mod:`pdb`
       Interactive source code debugger for Python programs.
 
-The module defines the following functions:
+The module's API can be divided into two parts:
+
+* Module-level functions offering basic functionality, which are useful for interactive
+  inspection of exceptions and tracebacks.
+
+* :class:`TracebackException` class and its helper classes
+  :class:`StackSummary` and :class:`FrameSummary`. These offer both more
+  flexibility in the output generated and the ability to store the information
+  necessary for later formatting without holding references to actual exception
+  and traceback objects.
+
+
+Module-Level Functions
+----------------------
 
 .. function:: print_tb(tb, limit=None, file=None)
 
@@ -42,6 +59,14 @@ The module defines the following functions:
    :term:`file <file object>` or :term:`file-like object` to
    receive the output.
 
+   .. note::
+
+      The meaning of the *limit* parameter is different than the meaning
+      of :const:`sys.tracebacklimit`. A negative *limit* value corresponds to
+      a positive value of :const:`!sys.tracebacklimit`, whereas the behaviour of
+      a positive *limit* value cannot be achieved with
+      :const:`!sys.tracebacklimit`.
+
    .. versionchanged:: 3.5
        Added negative *limit* support.
 
@@ -229,7 +254,6 @@ The module defines the following functions:
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.5
 
-The module also defines the following classes:
 
 :class:`!TracebackException` Objects
 ------------------------------------
@@ -237,12 +261,17 @@ The module also defines the following classes:
 .. versionadded:: 3.5
 
 :class:`!TracebackException` objects are created from actual exceptions to
-capture data for later printing in a lightweight fashion.
+capture data for later printing.  They offer a more lightweight method of
+storing this information by avoiding holding references to
+:ref:`traceback<traceback-objects>` and :ref:`frame<frame-objects>` objects
+In addition, they expose more options to configure the output compared to
+the module-level functions described above.
 
 .. class:: TracebackException(exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback, *, limit=None, lookup_lines=True, capture_locals=False, compact=False, max_group_width=15, max_group_depth=10)
 
-   Capture an exception for later rendering. *limit*, *lookup_lines* and
-   *capture_locals* are as for the :class:`StackSummary` class.
+   Capture an exception for later rendering. The meaning of *limit*,
+   *lookup_lines* and *capture_locals* are as for the :class:`StackSummary`
+   class.
 
    If *compact* is true, only data that is required by
    :class:`!TracebackException`'s :meth:`format` method
@@ -501,8 +530,8 @@ in a :ref:`traceback <traceback-objects>`.
 
 .. _traceback-example:
 
-Traceback Examples
-------------------
+Examples of Using the Module-Level Functions
+--------------------------------------------
 
 This simple example implements a basic read-eval-print loop, similar to (but
 less useful than) the standard Python interactive interpreter loop.  For a more
@@ -541,8 +570,7 @@ exception and traceback:
 
    try:
        lumberjack()
-   except IndexError:
-       exc = sys.exception()
+   except IndexError as exc:
        print("*** print_tb:")
        traceback.print_tb(exc.__traceback__, limit=1, file=sys.stdout)
        print("*** print_exception:")
@@ -645,5 +673,88 @@ This last example demonstrates the final few formatting functions:
    ['  File "spam.py", line 3, in <module>\n    spam.eggs()\n',
     '  File "eggs.py", line 42, in eggs\n    return "bacon"\n']
    >>> an_error = IndexError('tuple index out of range')
-   >>> traceback.format_exception_only(type(an_error), an_error)
+   >>> traceback.format_exception_only(an_error)
    ['IndexError: tuple index out of range\n']
+
+
+Examples of Using :class:`TracebackException`
+---------------------------------------------
+
+With the helper class, we have more options::
+
+   >>> import sys
+   >>> from traceback import TracebackException
+   >>>
+   >>> def lumberjack():
+   ...     bright_side_of_life()
+   ...
+   >>> def bright_side_of_life():
+   ...     t = "bright", "side", "of", "life"
+   ...     return t[5]
+   ...
+   >>> try:
+   ...     lumberjack()
+   ... except IndexError as e:
+   ...     exc = e
+   ...
+   >>> try:
+   ...     try:
+   ...         lumberjack()
+   ...     except:
+   ...         1/0
+   ... except Exception as e:
+   ...     chained_exc = e
+   ...
+   >>> # limit works as with the module-level functions
+   >>> TracebackException.from_exception(exc, limit=-2).print()
+   Traceback (most recent call last):
+     File "<python-input-1>", line 6, in lumberjack
+       bright_side_of_life()
+       ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^
+     File "<python-input-1>", line 10, in bright_side_of_life
+       return t[5]
+              ~^^^
+   IndexError: tuple index out of range
+
+   >>> # capture_locals adds local variables in frames
+   >>> TracebackException.from_exception(exc, limit=-2, capture_locals=True).print()
+   Traceback (most recent call last):
+     File "<python-input-1>", line 6, in lumberjack
+       bright_side_of_life()
+       ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^
+     File "<python-input-1>", line 10, in bright_side_of_life
+       return t[5]
+              ~^^^
+       t = ("bright", "side", "of", "life")
+   IndexError: tuple index out of range
+
+   >>> # The *chain* kwarg to print() controls whether chained
+   >>> # exceptions are displayed
+   >>> TracebackException.from_exception(chained_exc).print()
+   Traceback (most recent call last):
+     File "<python-input-19>", line 4, in <module>
+       lumberjack()
+       ~~~~~~~~~~^^
+     File "<python-input-8>", line 7, in lumberjack
+       bright_side_of_life()
+       ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^
+     File "<python-input-8>", line 11, in bright_side_of_life
+       return t[5]
+              ~^^^
+   IndexError: tuple index out of range
+
+   During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
+
+   Traceback (most recent call last):
+     File "<python-input-19>", line 6, in <module>
+       1/0
+       ~^~
+   ZeroDivisionError: division by zero
+
+   >>> TracebackException.from_exception(chained_exc).print(chain=False)
+   Traceback (most recent call last):
+     File "<python-input-19>", line 6, in <module>
+       1/0
+       ~^~
+   ZeroDivisionError: division by zero
+
diff --git a/Doc/library/turtle.rst b/Doc/library/turtle.rst
index afda3685d606bb..8eb4f8271fcfae 100644
--- a/Doc/library/turtle.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/turtle.rst
@@ -14,6 +14,11 @@
    from turtle import *
    turtle = Turtle()
 
+.. testcleanup::
+
+   import os
+   os.remove("my_drawing.ps")
+
 --------------
 
 Introduction
@@ -427,6 +432,7 @@ Input methods
 Methods specific to Screen
    | :func:`bye`
    | :func:`exitonclick`
+   | :func:`save`
    | :func:`setup`
    | :func:`title`
 
@@ -2269,6 +2275,24 @@ Methods specific to Screen, not inherited from TurtleScreen
    client script.
 
 
+.. function:: save(filename, overwrite=False)
+
+   Save the current turtle drawing (and turtles) as a PostScript file.
+
+   :param filename: the path of the saved PostScript file
+   :param overwrite: if ``False`` and there already exists a file with the given
+                     filename, then the function will raise a
+                     ``FileExistsError``. If it is ``True``, the file will be
+                     overwritten.
+
+   .. doctest::
+      :skipif: _tkinter is None
+
+      >>> screen.save("my_drawing.ps")
+      >>> screen.save("my_drawing.ps", overwrite=True)
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.14
+
 .. function:: setup(width=_CFG["width"], height=_CFG["height"], startx=_CFG["leftright"], starty=_CFG["topbottom"])
 
    Set the size and position of the main window.  Default values of arguments
@@ -2754,9 +2778,6 @@ Changes since Python 3.0
   :func:`Screen.numinput <numinput>`. These pop up input dialogs and return
   strings and numbers respectively.
 
-- Two example scripts :file:`tdemo_nim.py` and :file:`tdemo_round_dance.py`
-  have been added to the :file:`Lib/turtledemo` directory.
-
 
 .. doctest::
    :skipif: _tkinter is None
diff --git a/Doc/library/types.rst b/Doc/library/types.rst
index 116868c24be864..439e119461f798 100644
--- a/Doc/library/types.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/types.rst
@@ -91,8 +91,8 @@ Dynamic Type Creation
 
     For classes that have an ``__orig_bases__`` attribute, this
     function returns the value of ``cls.__orig_bases__``.
-    For classes without the ``__orig_bases__`` attribute, ``cls.__bases__`` is
-    returned.
+    For classes without the ``__orig_bases__`` attribute,
+    :attr:`cls.__bases__ <type.__bases__>` is returned.
 
     Examples::
 
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ Standard names are defined for the following types:
 .. data:: CellType
 
    The type for cell objects: such objects are used as containers for
-   a function's free variables.
+   a function's :term:`closure variables <closure variable>`.
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.8
 
@@ -260,63 +260,18 @@ Standard names are defined for the following types:
    The type of :term:`modules <module>`. The constructor takes the name of the
    module to be created and optionally its :term:`docstring`.
 
-   .. note::
-      Use :func:`importlib.util.module_from_spec` to create a new module if you
-      wish to set the various import-controlled attributes.
-
-   .. attribute:: __doc__
-
-      The :term:`docstring` of the module. Defaults to ``None``.
-
-   .. attribute:: __loader__
-
-      The :term:`loader` which loaded the module. Defaults to ``None``.
-
-      This attribute is to match :attr:`importlib.machinery.ModuleSpec.loader`
-      as stored in the :attr:`__spec__` object.
-
-      .. note::
-         A future version of Python may stop setting this attribute by default.
-         To guard against this potential change, preferably read from the
-         :attr:`__spec__` attribute instead or use
-         ``getattr(module, "__loader__", None)`` if you explicitly need to use
-         this attribute.
-
-      .. versionchanged:: 3.4
-         Defaults to ``None``. Previously the attribute was optional.
-
-   .. attribute:: __name__
-
-      The name of the module. Expected to match
-      :attr:`importlib.machinery.ModuleSpec.name`.
-
-   .. attribute:: __package__
-
-      Which :term:`package` a module belongs to. If the module is top-level
-      (i.e. not a part of any specific package) then the attribute should be set
-      to ``''``, else it should be set to the name of the package (which can be
-      :attr:`__name__` if the module is a package itself). Defaults to ``None``.
-
-      This attribute is to match :attr:`importlib.machinery.ModuleSpec.parent`
-      as stored in the :attr:`__spec__` object.
-
-      .. note::
-         A future version of Python may stop setting this attribute by default.
-         To guard against this potential change, preferably read from the
-         :attr:`__spec__` attribute instead or use
-         ``getattr(module, "__package__", None)`` if you explicitly need to use
-         this attribute.
-
-      .. versionchanged:: 3.4
-         Defaults to ``None``. Previously the attribute was optional.
-
-   .. attribute:: __spec__
-
-      A record of the module's import-system-related state. Expected to be an
-      instance of :class:`importlib.machinery.ModuleSpec`.
+   .. seealso::
 
-      .. versionadded:: 3.4
+      :ref:`Documentation on module objects <module-objects>`
+         Provides details on the special attributes that can be found on
+         instances of :class:`!ModuleType`.
 
+      :func:`importlib.util.module_from_spec`
+         Modules created using the :class:`!ModuleType` constructor are
+         created with many of their special attributes unset or set to default
+         values. :func:`!module_from_spec` provides a more robust way of
+         creating :class:`!ModuleType` instances which ensures the various
+         attributes are set appropriately.
 
 .. data:: EllipsisType
 
@@ -392,7 +347,7 @@ Standard names are defined for the following types:
 
    In addition, when a class is defined with a :attr:`~object.__slots__` attribute, then for
    each slot, an instance of :class:`!MemberDescriptorType` will be added as an attribute
-   on the class. This allows the slot to appear in the class's :attr:`~object.__dict__`.
+   on the class. This allows the slot to appear in the class's :attr:`~type.__dict__`.
 
    .. impl-detail::
 
diff --git a/Doc/library/typing.rst b/Doc/library/typing.rst
index 94de64fcf835fc..cd8b90854b0e94 100644
--- a/Doc/library/typing.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/typing.rst
@@ -27,12 +27,13 @@ This module provides runtime support for type hints.
 
 Consider the function below::
 
-   def moon_weight(earth_weight: float) -> str:
-       return f'On the moon, you would weigh {earth_weight * 0.166} kilograms.'
+   def surface_area_of_cube(edge_length: float) -> str:
+       return f"The surface area of the cube is {6 * edge_length ** 2}."
 
-The function ``moon_weight`` takes an argument expected to be an instance of :class:`float`,
-as indicated by the *type hint* ``earth_weight: float``. The function is expected to
-return an instance of :class:`str`, as indicated by the ``-> str`` hint.
+The function ``surface_area_of_cube`` takes an argument expected to
+be an instance of :class:`float`, as indicated by the :term:`type hint`
+``edge_length: float``. The function is expected to return an instance
+of :class:`str`, as indicated by the ``-> str`` hint.
 
 While type hints can be simple classes like :class:`float` or :class:`str`,
 they can also be more complex. The :mod:`typing` module provides a vocabulary of
@@ -97,8 +98,9 @@ Type aliases are useful for simplifying complex type signatures. For example::
    # The static type checker will treat the previous type signature as
    # being exactly equivalent to this one.
    def broadcast_message(
-           message: str,
-           servers: Sequence[tuple[tuple[str, int], dict[str, str]]]) -> None:
+       message: str,
+       servers: Sequence[tuple[tuple[str, int], dict[str, str]]]
+   ) -> None:
        ...
 
 The :keyword:`type` statement is new in Python 3.12. For backwards
@@ -206,7 +208,7 @@ Annotating callable objects
 ===========================
 
 Functions -- or other :term:`callable` objects -- can be annotated using
-:class:`collections.abc.Callable` or :data:`typing.Callable`.
+:class:`collections.abc.Callable` or deprecated :data:`typing.Callable`.
 ``Callable[[int], str]`` signifies a function that takes a single parameter
 of type :class:`int` and returns a :class:`str`.
 
@@ -399,7 +401,7 @@ The type of class objects
 =========================
 
 A variable annotated with ``C`` may accept a value of type ``C``. In
-contrast, a variable annotated with ``type[C]`` (or
+contrast, a variable annotated with ``type[C]`` (or deprecated
 :class:`typing.Type[C] <Type>`) may accept values that are classes
 themselves -- specifically, it will accept the *class object* of ``C``. For
 example::
@@ -439,6 +441,87 @@ For example::
 ``type[Any]`` is equivalent to :class:`type`, which is the root of Python's
 :ref:`metaclass hierarchy <metaclasses>`.
 
+
+.. _annotating-generators-and-coroutines:
+
+Annotating generators and coroutines
+====================================
+
+A generator can be annotated using the generic type
+:class:`Generator[YieldType, SendType, ReturnType] <collections.abc.Generator>`.
+For example::
+
+   def echo_round() -> Generator[int, float, str]:
+       sent = yield 0
+       while sent >= 0:
+           sent = yield round(sent)
+       return 'Done'
+
+Note that unlike many other generic classes in the standard library,
+the ``SendType`` of :class:`~collections.abc.Generator` behaves
+contravariantly, not covariantly or invariantly.
+
+The ``SendType`` and ``ReturnType`` parameters default to :const:`!None`::
+
+   def infinite_stream(start: int) -> Generator[int]:
+       while True:
+           yield start
+           start += 1
+
+It is also possible to set these types explicitly::
+
+   def infinite_stream(start: int) -> Generator[int, None, None]:
+       while True:
+           yield start
+           start += 1
+
+Simple generators that only ever yield values can also be annotated
+as having a return type of either
+:class:`Iterable[YieldType] <collections.abc.Iterable>`
+or :class:`Iterator[YieldType] <collections.abc.Iterator>`::
+
+   def infinite_stream(start: int) -> Iterator[int]:
+       while True:
+           yield start
+           start += 1
+
+Async generators are handled in a similar fashion, but don't
+expect a ``ReturnType`` type argument
+(:class:`AsyncGenerator[YieldType, SendType] <collections.abc.AsyncGenerator>`).
+The ``SendType`` argument defaults to :const:`!None`, so the following definitions
+are equivalent::
+
+   async def infinite_stream(start: int) -> AsyncGenerator[int]:
+       while True:
+           yield start
+           start = await increment(start)
+
+   async def infinite_stream(start: int) -> AsyncGenerator[int, None]:
+       while True:
+           yield start
+           start = await increment(start)
+
+As in the synchronous case,
+:class:`AsyncIterable[YieldType] <collections.abc.AsyncIterable>`
+and :class:`AsyncIterator[YieldType] <collections.abc.AsyncIterator>` are
+available as well::
+
+   async def infinite_stream(start: int) -> AsyncIterator[int]:
+       while True:
+           yield start
+           start = await increment(start)
+
+Coroutines can be annotated using
+:class:`Coroutine[YieldType, SendType, ReturnType] <collections.abc.Coroutine>`.
+Generic arguments correspond to those of :class:`~collections.abc.Generator`,
+for example::
+
+   from collections.abc import Coroutine
+   c: Coroutine[list[str], str, int]  # Some coroutine defined elsewhere
+   x = c.send('hi')                   # Inferred type of 'x' is list[str]
+   async def bar() -> None:
+       y = await c                    # Inferred type of 'y' is int
+
 .. _user-defined-generics:
 
 User-defined generic types
@@ -1233,7 +1316,7 @@ These can be used as types in annotations. They all support subscription using
          year: int
 
       def mutate_movie(m: Movie) -> None:
-         m["year"] = 1992  # allowed
+         m["year"] = 1999  # allowed
          m["title"] = "The Matrix"  # typechecker error
 
    There is no runtime checking for this property.
@@ -1375,6 +1458,23 @@ These can be used as types in annotations. They all support subscription using
         >>> X.__metadata__
         ('very', 'important', 'metadata')
 
+   * At runtime, if you want to retrieve the original
+     type wrapped by ``Annotated``, use the :attr:`!__origin__` attribute:
+
+     .. doctest::
+
+        >>> from typing import Annotated, get_origin
+        >>> Password = Annotated[str, "secret"]
+        >>> Password.__origin__
+        <class 'str'>
+
+     Note that using :func:`get_origin` will return ``Annotated`` itself:
+
+     .. doctest::
+
+        >>> get_origin(Password)
+        typing.Annotated
+
    .. seealso::
 
       :pep:`593` - Flexible function and variable annotations
@@ -1454,8 +1554,8 @@ These can be used as types in annotations. They all support subscription using
    to write such functions in a type-safe manner.
 
    If a ``TypeIs`` function is a class or instance method, then the type in
-   ``TypeIs`` maps to the type of the second parameter after ``cls`` or
-   ``self``.
+   ``TypeIs`` maps to the type of the second parameter (after ``cls`` or
+   ``self``).
 
    In short, the form ``def foo(arg: TypeA) -> TypeIs[TypeB]: ...``,
    means that if ``foo(arg)`` returns ``True``, then ``arg`` is an instance
@@ -1742,6 +1842,16 @@ without the dedicated syntax, as documented below.
          the bound is evaluated only when the attribute is accessed, not when
          the type variable is created (see :ref:`lazy-evaluation`).
 
+   .. method:: evaluate_bound
+
+      An :term:`evaluate function` corresponding to the :attr:`~TypeVar.__bound__` attribute.
+      When called directly, this method supports only the :attr:`~annotationlib.Format.VALUE`
+      format, which is equivalent to accessing the :attr:`~TypeVar.__bound__` attribute directly,
+      but the method object can be passed to :func:`annotationlib.call_evaluate_function`
+      to evaluate the value in a different format.
+
+      .. versionadded:: 3.14
+
    .. attribute:: __constraints__
 
       A tuple containing the constraints of the type variable, if any.
@@ -1752,6 +1862,16 @@ without the dedicated syntax, as documented below.
          the constraints are evaluated only when the attribute is accessed, not when
          the type variable is created (see :ref:`lazy-evaluation`).
 
+   .. method:: evaluate_constraints
+
+      An :term:`evaluate function` corresponding to the :attr:`~TypeVar.__constraints__` attribute.
+      When called directly, this method supports only the :attr:`~annotationlib.Format.VALUE`
+      format, which is equivalent to accessing the :attr:`~TypeVar.__constraints__` attribute directly,
+      but the method object can be passed to :func:`annotationlib.call_evaluate_function`
+      to evaluate the value in a different format.
+
+      .. versionadded:: 3.14
+
    .. attribute:: __default__
 
       The default value of the type variable, or :data:`typing.NoDefault` if it
@@ -1759,6 +1879,16 @@ without the dedicated syntax, as documented below.
 
       .. versionadded:: 3.13
 
+   .. method:: evaluate_default
+
+      An :term:`evaluate function` corresponding to the :attr:`~TypeVar.__default__` attribute.
+      When called directly, this method supports only the :attr:`~annotationlib.Format.VALUE`
+      format, which is equivalent to accessing the :attr:`~TypeVar.__default__` attribute directly,
+      but the method object can be passed to :func:`annotationlib.call_evaluate_function`
+      to evaluate the value in a different format.
+
+      .. versionadded:: 3.14
+
    .. method:: has_default()
 
       Return whether or not the type variable has a default value. This is equivalent
@@ -1871,8 +2001,8 @@ without the dedicated syntax, as documented below.
    of ``*args``::
 
       def call_soon[*Ts](
-               callback: Callable[[*Ts], None],
-               *args: *Ts
+          callback: Callable[[*Ts], None],
+          *args: *Ts
       ) -> None:
           ...
           callback(*args)
@@ -1897,6 +2027,16 @@ without the dedicated syntax, as documented below.
 
       .. versionadded:: 3.13
 
+   .. method:: evaluate_default
+
+      An :term:`evaluate function` corresponding to the :attr:`~TypeVarTuple.__default__` attribute.
+      When called directly, this method supports only the :attr:`~annotationlib.Format.VALUE`
+      format, which is equivalent to accessing the :attr:`~TypeVarTuple.__default__` attribute directly,
+      but the method object can be passed to :func:`annotationlib.call_evaluate_function`
+      to evaluate the value in a different format.
+
+      .. versionadded:: 3.14
+
    .. method:: has_default()
 
       Return whether or not the type variable tuple has a default value. This is equivalent
@@ -1993,6 +2133,16 @@ without the dedicated syntax, as documented below.
 
       .. versionadded:: 3.13
 
+   .. method:: evaluate_default
+
+      An :term:`evaluate function` corresponding to the :attr:`~ParamSpec.__default__` attribute.
+      When called directly, this method supports only the :attr:`~annotationlib.Format.VALUE`
+      format, which is equivalent to accessing the :attr:`~ParamSpec.__default__` attribute directly,
+      but the method object can be passed to :func:`annotationlib.call_evaluate_function`
+      to evaluate the value in a different format.
+
+      .. versionadded:: 3.14
+
    .. method:: has_default()
 
       Return whether or not the parameter specification has a default value. This is equivalent
@@ -2117,6 +2267,32 @@ without the dedicated syntax, as documented below.
          >>> Recursive.__value__
          Mutually
 
+   .. method:: evaluate_value
+
+      An :term:`evaluate function` corresponding to the :attr:`__value__` attribute.
+      When called directly, this method supports only the :attr:`~annotationlib.Format.VALUE`
+      format, which is equivalent to accessing the :attr:`__value__` attribute directly,
+      but the method object can be passed to :func:`annotationlib.call_evaluate_function`
+      to evaluate the value in a different format:
+
+      .. doctest::
+
+         >>> type Alias = undefined
+         >>> Alias.__value__
+         Traceback (most recent call last):
+         ...
+         NameError: name 'undefined' is not defined
+         >>> from annotationlib import Format, call_evaluate_function
+         >>> Alias.evaluate_value(Format.VALUE)
+         Traceback (most recent call last):
+         ...
+         NameError: name 'undefined' is not defined
+         >>> call_evaluate_function(Alias.evaluate_value, Format.FORWARDREF)
+         ForwardRef('undefined')
+
+      .. versionadded:: 3.14
+
+
 Other special directives
 """"""""""""""""""""""""
 
@@ -2173,7 +2349,9 @@ types.
 
    Backward-compatible usage::
 
-       # For creating a generic NamedTuple on Python 3.11 or lower
+       # For creating a generic NamedTuple on Python 3.11
+       T = TypeVar("T")
+
        class Group(NamedTuple, Generic[T]):
            key: T
            group: list[T]
@@ -2707,7 +2885,7 @@ Functions and decorators
 
    .. seealso::
       `Unreachable Code and Exhaustiveness Checking
-      <https://typing.readthedocs.io/en/latest/source/unreachable.html>`__ has more
+      <https://typing.readthedocs.io/en/latest/guides/unreachable.html>`__ has more
       information about exhaustiveness checking with static typing.
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.11
@@ -3093,7 +3271,8 @@ Introspection helpers
      empty dictionary is returned.
    * If *obj* is a class ``C``, the function returns a dictionary that merges
      annotations from ``C``'s base classes with those on ``C`` directly. This
-     is done by traversing ``C.__mro__`` and iteratively combining
+     is done by traversing :attr:`C.__mro__ <type.__mro__>` and iteratively
+     combining
      ``__annotations__`` dictionaries. Annotations on classes appearing
      earlier in the :term:`method resolution order` always take precedence over
      annotations on classes appearing later in the method resolution order.
@@ -3139,6 +3318,7 @@ Introspection helpers
       assert get_origin(str) is None
       assert get_origin(Dict[str, int]) is dict
       assert get_origin(Union[int, str]) is Union
+      assert get_origin(Annotated[str, "metadata"]) is Annotated
       P = ParamSpec('P')
       assert get_origin(P.args) is P
       assert get_origin(P.kwargs) is P
@@ -3223,7 +3403,7 @@ Introspection helpers
    Class used for internal typing representation of string forward references.
 
    For example, ``List["SomeClass"]`` is implicitly transformed into
-   ``List[ForwardRef("SomeClass")]``.  ``ForwardRef`` should not be instantiated by
+   ``List[ForwardRef("SomeClass")]``.  :class:`!ForwardRef` should not be instantiated by
    a user, but may be used by introspection tools.
 
    .. note::
@@ -3233,6 +3413,39 @@ Introspection helpers
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.7.4
 
+   .. versionchanged:: 3.14
+      This is now an alias for :class:`annotationlib.ForwardRef`.
+
+.. function:: evaluate_forward_ref(forward_ref, *, owner=None, globals=None, locals=None, type_params=None, format=annotationlib.Format.VALUE)
+
+   Evaluate an :class:`annotationlib.ForwardRef` as a :term:`type hint`.
+
+   This is similar to calling :meth:`annotationlib.ForwardRef.evaluate`,
+   but unlike that method, :func:`!evaluate_forward_ref` also:
+
+   * Recursively evaluates forward references nested within the type hint.
+   * Raises :exc:`TypeError` when it encounters certain objects that are
+     not valid type hints.
+   * Replaces type hints that evaluate to :const:`!None` with
+     :class:`types.NoneType`.
+   * Supports the :attr:`~annotationlib.Format.FORWARDREF` and
+     :attr:`~annotationlib.Format.STRING` formats.
+
+   *forward_ref* must be an instance of :class:`~annotationlib.ForwardRef`.
+   *owner*, if given, should be the object that holds the annotations that
+   the forward reference derived from, such as a module, class object, or function.
+   It is used to infer the namespaces to use for looking up names.
+   *globals* and *locals* can also be explicitly given to provide
+   the global and local namespaces.
+   *type_params* is a tuple of :ref:`type parameters <type-params>` that
+   are in scope when evaluating the forward reference.
+   This parameter must be provided (though it may be an empty tuple) if *owner*
+   is not given and the forward reference does not already have an owner set.
+   *format* specifies the format of the annotation and is a member of
+   the :class:`annotationlib.Format` enum.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.14
+
 .. data:: NoDefault
 
    A sentinel object used to indicate that a type parameter has no default
@@ -3316,14 +3529,9 @@ Aliases to built-in types
    Deprecated alias to :class:`dict`.
 
    Note that to annotate arguments, it is preferred
-   to use an abstract collection type such as :class:`Mapping`
+   to use an abstract collection type such as :class:`~collections.abc.Mapping`
    rather than to use :class:`dict` or :class:`!typing.Dict`.
 
-   This type can be used as follows::
-
-      def count_words(text: str) -> Dict[str, int]:
-          ...
-
    .. deprecated:: 3.9
       :class:`builtins.dict <dict>` now supports subscripting (``[]``).
       See :pep:`585` and :ref:`types-genericalias`.
@@ -3333,16 +3541,9 @@ Aliases to built-in types
    Deprecated alias to :class:`list`.
 
    Note that to annotate arguments, it is preferred
-   to use an abstract collection type such as :class:`Sequence` or
-   :class:`Iterable` rather than to use :class:`list` or :class:`!typing.List`.
-
-   This type may be used as follows::
-
-      def vec2[T: (int, float)](x: T, y: T) -> List[T]:
-          return [x, y]
-
-      def keep_positives[T: (int, float)](vector: Sequence[T]) -> List[T]:
-          return [item for item in vector if item > 0]
+   to use an abstract collection type such as
+   :class:`~collections.abc.Sequence` or :class:`~collections.abc.Iterable`
+   rather than to use :class:`list` or :class:`!typing.List`.
 
    .. deprecated:: 3.9
       :class:`builtins.list <list>` now supports subscripting (``[]``).
@@ -3353,8 +3554,8 @@ Aliases to built-in types
    Deprecated alias to :class:`builtins.set <set>`.
 
    Note that to annotate arguments, it is preferred
-   to use an abstract collection type such as :class:`AbstractSet`
-   rather than to use :class:`set` or :class:`!typing.Set`.
+   to use an abstract collection type such as :class:`collections.abc.Set`
+   rather than to use :class:`set` or :class:`typing.Set`.
 
    .. deprecated:: 3.9
       :class:`builtins.set <set>` now supports subscripting (``[]``).
@@ -3542,11 +3743,6 @@ Aliases to container ABCs in :mod:`collections.abc`
 
    Deprecated alias to :class:`collections.abc.Mapping`.
 
-   This type can be used as follows::
-
-      def get_position_in_index(word_list: Mapping[str, int], word: str) -> int:
-          return word_list[word]
-
    .. deprecated:: 3.9
       :class:`collections.abc.Mapping` now supports subscripting (``[]``).
       See :pep:`585` and :ref:`types-genericalias`.
@@ -3610,14 +3806,9 @@ Aliases to asynchronous ABCs in :mod:`collections.abc`
 
    Deprecated alias to :class:`collections.abc.Coroutine`.
 
-   The variance and order of type variables
-   correspond to those of :class:`Generator`, for example::
-
-      from collections.abc import Coroutine
-      c: Coroutine[list[str], str, int]  # Some coroutine defined elsewhere
-      x = c.send('hi')                   # Inferred type of 'x' is list[str]
-      async def bar() -> None:
-          y = await c                    # Inferred type of 'y' is int
+   See :ref:`annotating-generators-and-coroutines`
+   for details on using :class:`collections.abc.Coroutine`
+   and ``typing.Coroutine`` in type annotations.
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.5.3
 
@@ -3629,40 +3820,9 @@ Aliases to asynchronous ABCs in :mod:`collections.abc`
 
    Deprecated alias to :class:`collections.abc.AsyncGenerator`.
 
-   An async generator can be annotated by the generic type
-   ``AsyncGenerator[YieldType, SendType]``. For example::
-
-      async def echo_round() -> AsyncGenerator[int, float]:
-          sent = yield 0
-          while sent >= 0.0:
-              rounded = await round(sent)
-              sent = yield rounded
-
-   Unlike normal generators, async generators cannot return a value, so there
-   is no ``ReturnType`` type parameter. As with :class:`Generator`, the
-   ``SendType`` behaves contravariantly.
-
-   The ``SendType`` defaults to :const:`!None`::
-
-      async def infinite_stream(start: int) -> AsyncGenerator[int]:
-          while True:
-              yield start
-              start = await increment(start)
-
-   It is also possible to set this type explicitly::
-
-      async def infinite_stream(start: int) -> AsyncGenerator[int, None]:
-          while True:
-              yield start
-              start = await increment(start)
-
-   Alternatively, annotate your generator as having a return type of
-   either ``AsyncIterable[YieldType]`` or ``AsyncIterator[YieldType]``::
-
-      async def infinite_stream(start: int) -> AsyncIterator[int]:
-          while True:
-              yield start
-              start = await increment(start)
+   See :ref:`annotating-generators-and-coroutines`
+   for details on using :class:`collections.abc.AsyncGenerator`
+   and ``typing.AsyncGenerator`` in type annotations.
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.6.1
 
@@ -3744,40 +3904,9 @@ Aliases to other ABCs in :mod:`collections.abc`
 
    Deprecated alias to :class:`collections.abc.Generator`.
 
-   A generator can be annotated by the generic type
-   ``Generator[YieldType, SendType, ReturnType]``. For example::
-
-      def echo_round() -> Generator[int, float, str]:
-          sent = yield 0
-          while sent >= 0:
-              sent = yield round(sent)
-          return 'Done'
-
-   Note that unlike many other generics in the typing module, the ``SendType``
-   of :class:`Generator` behaves contravariantly, not covariantly or
-   invariantly.
-
-   The ``SendType`` and ``ReturnType`` parameters default to :const:`!None`::
-
-      def infinite_stream(start: int) -> Generator[int]:
-          while True:
-              yield start
-              start += 1
-
-   It is also possible to set these types explicitly::
-
-      def infinite_stream(start: int) -> Generator[int, None, None]:
-          while True:
-              yield start
-              start += 1
-
-   Alternatively, annotate your generator as having a return type of
-   either ``Iterable[YieldType]`` or ``Iterator[YieldType]``::
-
-      def infinite_stream(start: int) -> Iterator[int]:
-          while True:
-              yield start
-              start += 1
+   See :ref:`annotating-generators-and-coroutines`
+   for details on using :class:`collections.abc.Generator`
+   and ``typing.Generator`` in type annotations.
 
    .. deprecated:: 3.9
       :class:`collections.abc.Generator` now supports subscripting (``[]``).
diff --git a/Doc/library/unicodedata.rst b/Doc/library/unicodedata.rst
index 37dc37513fa15d..0aef597d064e0e 100644
--- a/Doc/library/unicodedata.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/unicodedata.rst
@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@
 
 This module provides access to the Unicode Character Database (UCD) which
 defines character properties for all Unicode characters. The data contained in
-this database is compiled from the `UCD version 15.1.0
-<https://www.unicode.org/Public/15.1.0/ucd>`_.
+this database is compiled from the `UCD version 16.0.0
+<https://www.unicode.org/Public/16.0.0/ucd>`_.
 
 The module uses the same names and symbols as defined by Unicode
 Standard Annex #44, `"Unicode Character Database"
@@ -175,6 +175,6 @@ Examples:
 
 .. rubric:: Footnotes
 
-.. [#] https://www.unicode.org/Public/15.1.0/ucd/NameAliases.txt
+.. [#] https://www.unicode.org/Public/16.0.0/ucd/NameAliases.txt
 
-.. [#] https://www.unicode.org/Public/15.1.0/ucd/NamedSequences.txt
+.. [#] https://www.unicode.org/Public/16.0.0/ucd/NamedSequences.txt
diff --git a/Doc/library/unittest.mock.rst b/Doc/library/unittest.mock.rst
index d8ba24c3146cf2..eae3ef2888eae0 100644
--- a/Doc/library/unittest.mock.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/unittest.mock.rst
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ available, and then make assertions about how they have been used:
     3
     >>> thing.method.assert_called_with(3, 4, 5, key='value')
 
-:attr:`side_effect` allows you to perform side effects, including raising an
+:attr:`~Mock.side_effect` allows you to perform side effects, including raising an
 exception when a mock is called:
 
    >>> from unittest.mock import Mock
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ the *new_callable* argument to :func:`patch`.
       Accessing any attribute not in this list will raise an :exc:`AttributeError`.
 
       If *spec* is an object (rather than a list of strings) then
-      :attr:`~instance.__class__` returns the class of the spec object. This
+      :attr:`~object.__class__` returns the class of the spec object. This
       allows mocks to pass :func:`isinstance` tests.
 
     * *spec_set*: A stricter variant of *spec*. If used, attempting to *set*
@@ -401,6 +401,8 @@ the *new_callable* argument to :func:`patch`.
 
         The reset_mock method resets all the call attributes on a mock object:
 
+        .. doctest::
+
             >>> mock = Mock(return_value=None)
             >>> mock('hello')
             >>> mock.called
@@ -409,20 +411,41 @@ the *new_callable* argument to :func:`patch`.
             >>> mock.called
             False
 
-        .. versionchanged:: 3.6
-           Added two keyword-only arguments to the reset_mock function.
-
         This can be useful where you want to make a series of assertions that
-        reuse the same object. Note that :meth:`reset_mock` *doesn't* clear the
+        reuse the same object.
+
+        *return_value* parameter when set to ``True`` resets :attr:`return_value`:
+
+        .. doctest::
+
+            >>> mock = Mock(return_value=5)
+            >>> mock('hello')
+            5
+            >>> mock.reset_mock(return_value=True)
+            >>> mock('hello')  # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
+            <Mock name='mock()' id='...'>
+
+        *side_effect* parameter when set to ``True`` resets :attr:`side_effect`:
+
+        .. doctest::
+
+            >>> mock = Mock(side_effect=ValueError)
+            >>> mock('hello')
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+              ...
+            ValueError
+            >>> mock.reset_mock(side_effect=True)
+            >>> mock('hello')  # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
+            <Mock name='mock()' id='...'>
+
+        Note that :meth:`reset_mock` *doesn't* clear the
         :attr:`return_value`, :attr:`side_effect` or any child attributes you have
-        set using normal assignment by default. In case you want to reset
-        :attr:`return_value` or :attr:`side_effect`, then pass the corresponding
-        parameter as ``True``. Child mocks and the return value mock
-        (if any) are reset as well.
+        set using normal assignment by default.
 
-        .. note:: *return_value*, and *side_effect* are keyword-only
-                  arguments.
+        Child mocks are reset as well.
 
+        .. versionchanged:: 3.6
+           Added two keyword-only arguments to the reset_mock function.
 
     .. method:: mock_add_spec(spec, spec_set=False)
 
@@ -737,8 +760,8 @@ the *new_callable* argument to :func:`patch`.
 
     .. attribute:: __class__
 
-        Normally the :attr:`__class__` attribute of an object will return its type.
-        For a mock object with a :attr:`spec`, ``__class__`` returns the spec class
+        Normally the :attr:`!__class__` attribute of an object will return its type.
+        For a mock object with a :attr:`!spec`, :attr:`!__class__` returns the spec class
         instead. This allows mock objects to pass :func:`isinstance` tests for the
         object they are replacing / masquerading as:
 
@@ -746,7 +769,7 @@ the *new_callable* argument to :func:`patch`.
             >>> isinstance(mock, int)
             True
 
-        :attr:`__class__` is assignable to, this allows a mock to pass an
+        :attr:`!__class__` is assignable to, this allows a mock to pass an
         :func:`isinstance` check without forcing you to use a spec:
 
             >>> mock = Mock()
@@ -760,8 +783,8 @@ the *new_callable* argument to :func:`patch`.
     meaning of :class:`Mock`, with the exception of *return_value* and *side_effect*
     which have no meaning on a non-callable mock.
 
-Mock objects that use a class or an instance as a :attr:`spec` or
-:attr:`spec_set` are able to pass :func:`isinstance` tests:
+Mock objects that use a class or an instance as a :attr:`!spec` or
+:attr:`!spec_set` are able to pass :func:`isinstance` tests:
 
     >>> mock = Mock(spec=SomeClass)
     >>> isinstance(mock, SomeClass)
@@ -860,6 +883,20 @@ object::
     3
     >>> p.assert_called_once_with()
 
+.. caution::
+
+    If an :exc:`AttributeError` is raised by :class:`PropertyMock`,
+    it will be interpreted as a missing descriptor and
+    :meth:`~object.__getattr__` will be called on the parent mock::
+
+        >>> m = MagicMock()
+        >>> no_attribute = PropertyMock(side_effect=AttributeError)
+        >>> type(m).my_property = no_attribute
+        >>> m.my_property
+        <MagicMock name='mock.my_property' id='140165240345424'>
+
+    See :meth:`~object.__getattr__` for details.
+
 
 .. class:: AsyncMock(spec=None, side_effect=None, return_value=DEFAULT, wraps=None, name=None, spec_set=None, unsafe=False, **kwargs)
 
@@ -868,7 +905,7 @@ object::
   call is an awaitable.
 
     >>> mock = AsyncMock()
-    >>> asyncio.iscoroutinefunction(mock)
+    >>> inspect.iscoroutinefunction(mock)
     True
     >>> inspect.isawaitable(mock())  # doctest: +SKIP
     True
@@ -1161,7 +1198,7 @@ Calls made to the object will be recorded in the attributes
 like :attr:`~Mock.call_args` and :attr:`~Mock.call_args_list`.
 
 If :attr:`~Mock.side_effect` is set then it will be called after the call has
-been recorded, so if :attr:`side_effect` raises an exception the call is still
+been recorded, so if :attr:`!side_effect` raises an exception the call is still
 recorded.
 
 The simplest way to make a mock raise an exception when called is to make
@@ -1182,8 +1219,8 @@ The simplest way to make a mock raise an exception when called is to make
         >>> m.mock_calls
         [call(1, 2, 3), call('two', 'three', 'four')]
 
-If :attr:`side_effect` is a function then whatever that function returns is what
-calls to the mock return. The :attr:`side_effect` function is called with the
+If :attr:`~Mock.side_effect` is a function then whatever that function returns is what
+calls to the mock return. The :attr:`!side_effect` function is called with the
 same arguments as the mock. This allows you to vary the return value of the
 call dynamically, based on the input:
 
@@ -1200,7 +1237,7 @@ call dynamically, based on the input:
 
 If you want the mock to still return the default return value (a new mock), or
 any set return value, then there are two ways of doing this. Either return
-:attr:`mock.return_value` from inside :attr:`side_effect`, or return :data:`DEFAULT`:
+:attr:`~Mock.return_value` from inside :attr:`~Mock.side_effect`, or return :data:`DEFAULT`:
 
         >>> m = MagicMock()
         >>> def side_effect(*args, **kwargs):
@@ -1217,8 +1254,8 @@ any set return value, then there are two ways of doing this. Either return
         >>> m()
         3
 
-To remove a :attr:`side_effect`, and return to the default behaviour, set the
-:attr:`side_effect` to ``None``:
+To remove a :attr:`~Mock.side_effect`, and return to the default behaviour, set the
+:attr:`!side_effect` to ``None``:
 
         >>> m = MagicMock(return_value=6)
         >>> def side_effect(*args, **kwargs):
@@ -1231,7 +1268,7 @@ To remove a :attr:`side_effect`, and return to the default behaviour, set the
         >>> m()
         6
 
-The :attr:`side_effect` can also be any iterable object. Repeated calls to the mock
+The :attr:`~Mock.side_effect` can also be any iterable object. Repeated calls to the mock
 will return values from the iterable (until the iterable is exhausted and
 a :exc:`StopIteration` is raised):
 
@@ -1272,7 +1309,7 @@ objects of any type.
 
 You may want a mock object to return ``False`` to a :func:`hasattr` call, or raise an
 :exc:`AttributeError` when an attribute is fetched. You can do this by providing
-an object as a :attr:`spec` for a mock, but that isn't always convenient.
+an object as a :attr:`!spec` for a mock, but that isn't always convenient.
 
 You "block" attributes by deleting them. Once deleted, accessing an attribute
 will raise an :exc:`AttributeError`.
@@ -1441,7 +1478,7 @@ patch
           If you are patching builtins in a module then you don't
           need to pass ``create=True``, it will be added by default.
 
-    Patch can be used as a :class:`TestCase` class decorator. It works by
+    Patch can be used as a :class:`~unittest.TestCase` class decorator. It works by
     decorating each test method in the class. This reduces the boilerplate
     code when your test methods share a common patchings set. :func:`patch` finds
     tests by looking for method names that start with ``patch.TEST_PREFIX``.
@@ -1479,7 +1516,7 @@ If the class is instantiated multiple times you could use
 can set the *return_value* to be anything you want.
 
 To configure return values on methods of *instances* on the patched class
-you must do this on the :attr:`return_value`. For example::
+you must do this on the :attr:`~Mock.return_value`. For example::
 
     >>> class Class:
     ...     def method(self):
@@ -1624,7 +1661,8 @@ patch.dict
 .. function:: patch.dict(in_dict, values=(), clear=False, **kwargs)
 
     Patch a dictionary, or dictionary like object, and restore the dictionary
-    to its original state after the test.
+    to its original state after the test, where the restored dictionary is a
+    copy of the dictionary as it was before the test.
 
     *in_dict* can be a dictionary or a mapping like container. If it is a
     mapping then it must at least support getting, setting and deleting items
@@ -1800,13 +1838,13 @@ context manager is a dictionary where created mocks are keyed by name::
 patch methods: start and stop
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-All the patchers have :meth:`start` and :meth:`stop` methods. These make it simpler to do
+All the patchers have :meth:`!start` and :meth:`!stop` methods. These make it simpler to do
 patching in ``setUp`` methods or where you want to do multiple patches without
 nesting decorators or with statements.
 
 To use them call :func:`patch`, :func:`patch.object` or :func:`patch.dict` as
 normal and keep a reference to the returned ``patcher`` object. You can then
-call :meth:`start` to put the patch in place and :meth:`stop` to undo it.
+call :meth:`!start` to put the patch in place and :meth:`!stop` to undo it.
 
 If you are using :func:`patch` to create a mock for you then it will be returned by
 the call to ``patcher.start``. ::
@@ -1823,7 +1861,7 @@ the call to ``patcher.start``. ::
 
 
 A typical use case for this might be for doing multiple patches in the ``setUp``
-method of a :class:`TestCase`::
+method of a :class:`~unittest.TestCase`::
 
     >>> class MyTest(unittest.TestCase):
     ...     def setUp(self):
@@ -2496,7 +2534,7 @@ behaviour you can switch it off by setting the module level switch
 
 Alternatively you can just use ``vars(my_mock)`` (instance members) and
 ``dir(type(my_mock))`` (type members) to bypass the filtering irrespective of
-:const:`mock.FILTER_DIR`.
+:const:`FILTER_DIR`.
 
 
 mock_open
@@ -2511,7 +2549,7 @@ mock_open
    default) then a :class:`MagicMock` will be created for you, with the API limited
    to methods or attributes available on standard file handles.
 
-   *read_data* is a string for the :meth:`~io.IOBase.read`,
+   *read_data* is a string for the :meth:`~io.RawIOBase.read`,
    :meth:`~io.IOBase.readline`, and :meth:`~io.IOBase.readlines` methods
    of the file handle to return.  Calls to those methods will take data from
    *read_data* until it is depleted.  The mock of these methods is pretty
@@ -2523,7 +2561,7 @@ mock_open
 
    .. versionchanged:: 3.4
       Added :meth:`~io.IOBase.readline` and :meth:`~io.IOBase.readlines` support.
-      The mock of :meth:`~io.IOBase.read` changed to consume *read_data* rather
+      The mock of :meth:`~io.RawIOBase.read` changed to consume *read_data* rather
       than returning it on each call.
 
    .. versionchanged:: 3.5
@@ -2575,7 +2613,7 @@ And for reading files::
 Autospeccing
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-Autospeccing is based on the existing :attr:`spec` feature of mock. It limits the
+Autospeccing is based on the existing :attr:`!spec` feature of mock. It limits the
 api of mocks to the api of an original object (the spec), but it is recursive
 (implemented lazily) so that attributes of mocks only have the same api as
 the attributes of the spec. In addition mocked functions / methods have the
@@ -2600,8 +2638,8 @@ unit tests. Testing everything in isolation is all fine and dandy, but if you
 don't test how your units are "wired together" there is still lots of room
 for bugs that tests might have caught.
 
-:mod:`mock` already provides a feature to help with this, called speccing. If you
-use a class or instance as the :attr:`spec` for a mock then you can only access
+:mod:`unittest.mock` already provides a feature to help with this, called speccing. If you
+use a class or instance as the :attr:`!spec` for a mock then you can only access
 attributes on the mock that exist on the real class:
 
     >>> from urllib import request
@@ -2639,7 +2677,7 @@ Here's an example of it in use::
     >>> mock_request.Request
     <MagicMock name='request.Request' spec='Request' id='...'>
 
-You can see that :class:`request.Request` has a spec. :class:`request.Request` takes two
+You can see that :class:`!request.Request` has a spec. :class:`!request.Request` takes two
 arguments in the constructor (one of which is *self*). Here's what happens if
 we try to call it incorrectly::
 
@@ -2655,8 +2693,8 @@ specced mocks)::
     >>> req
     <NonCallableMagicMock name='request.Request()' spec='Request' id='...'>
 
-:class:`Request` objects are not callable, so the return value of instantiating our
-mocked out :class:`request.Request` is a non-callable mock. With the spec in place
+:class:`!Request` objects are not callable, so the return value of instantiating our
+mocked out :class:`!request.Request` is a non-callable mock. With the spec in place
 any typos in our asserts will raise the correct error::
 
     >>> req.add_header('spam', 'eggs')
@@ -2808,8 +2846,8 @@ Sealing mocks
     .. versionadded:: 3.7
 
 
-Order of precedence of :attr:`side_effect`, :attr:`return_value` and *wraps*
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+Order of precedence of :attr:`!side_effect`, :attr:`!return_value` and *wraps*
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 The order of their precedence is:
 
diff --git a/Doc/library/unittest.rst b/Doc/library/unittest.rst
index eb42210e096ecb..38bad9405597dd 100644
--- a/Doc/library/unittest.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/unittest.rst
@@ -340,28 +340,21 @@ Test modules and packages can customize test loading and discovery by through
 the `load_tests protocol`_.
 
 .. versionchanged:: 3.4
-   Test discovery supports :term:`namespace packages <namespace package>`
-   for the start directory. Note that you need to specify the top level
-   directory too (e.g.
-   ``python -m unittest discover -s root/namespace -t root``).
+   Test discovery supports :term:`namespace packages <namespace package>`.
 
 .. versionchanged:: 3.11
-   :mod:`unittest` dropped the :term:`namespace packages <namespace package>`
-   support in Python 3.11. It has been broken since Python 3.7. Start directory and
-   subdirectories containing tests must be regular package that have
-   ``__init__.py`` file.
+   Test discovery dropped the :term:`namespace packages <namespace package>`
+   support. It has been broken since Python 3.7.
+   Start directory and its subdirectories containing tests must be regular
+   package that have ``__init__.py`` file.
 
-   Directories containing start directory still can be a namespace package.
-   In this case, you need to specify start directory as dotted package name,
-   and target directory explicitly. For example::
+   If the start directory is the dotted name of the package, the ancestor packages
+   can be namespace packages.
 
-      # proj/  <-- current directory
-      #   namespace/
-      #     mypkg/
-      #       __init__.py
-      #       test_mypkg.py
-
-      python -m unittest discover -s namespace.mypkg -t .
+.. versionchanged:: 3.14
+   Test discovery supports :term:`namespace package` as start directory again.
+   To avoid scanning directories unrelated to Python,
+   tests are not searched in subdirectories that do not contain ``__init__.py``.
 
 
 .. _organizing-tests:
@@ -1915,10 +1908,8 @@ Loading and running tests
          Modules that raise :exc:`SkipTest` on import are recorded as skips,
          not errors.
 
-      .. versionchanged:: 3.4
          *start_dir* can be a :term:`namespace packages <namespace package>`.
 
-      .. versionchanged:: 3.4
          Paths are sorted before being imported so that execution order is the
          same even if the underlying file system's ordering is not dependent
          on file name.
@@ -1930,11 +1921,13 @@ Loading and running tests
 
       .. versionchanged:: 3.11
          *start_dir* can not be a :term:`namespace packages <namespace package>`.
-         It has been broken since Python 3.7 and Python 3.11 officially remove it.
+         It has been broken since Python 3.7, and Python 3.11 officially removes it.
 
       .. versionchanged:: 3.13
          *top_level_dir* is only stored for the duration of *discover* call.
 
+      .. versionchanged:: 3.14
+         *start_dir* can once again be a :term:`namespace package`.
 
    The following attributes of a :class:`TestLoader` can be configured either by
    subclassing or assignment on an instance:
@@ -2316,8 +2309,8 @@ Loading and running tests
    (see :ref:`Warning control <using-on-warnings>`),
    otherwise it will be set to ``'default'``.
 
-   Calling ``main`` actually returns an instance of the ``TestProgram`` class.
-   This stores the result of the tests run as the ``result`` attribute.
+   Calling ``main`` returns an object with the ``result`` attribute that contains
+   the result of the tests run as a :class:`unittest.TestResult`.
 
    .. versionchanged:: 3.1
       The *exit* parameter was added.
@@ -2529,7 +2522,7 @@ Signal Handling
 .. versionadded:: 3.2
 
 The :option:`-c/--catch <unittest -c>` command-line option to unittest,
-along with the ``catchbreak`` parameter to :func:`unittest.main()`, provide
+along with the ``catchbreak`` parameter to :func:`unittest.main`, provide
 more friendly handling of control-C during a test run. With catch break
 behavior enabled control-C will allow the currently running test to complete,
 and the test run will then end and report all the results so far. A second
diff --git a/Doc/library/urllib.parse.rst b/Doc/library/urllib.parse.rst
index cd402e87a8224b..fb5353e1895bf9 100644
--- a/Doc/library/urllib.parse.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/urllib.parse.rst
@@ -22,11 +22,19 @@ to an absolute URL given a "base URL."
 
 The module has been designed to match the internet RFC on Relative Uniform
 Resource Locators. It supports the following URL schemes: ``file``, ``ftp``,
-``gopher``, ``hdl``, ``http``, ``https``, ``imap``, ``mailto``, ``mms``,
+``gopher``, ``hdl``, ``http``, ``https``, ``imap``, ``itms-services``, ``mailto``, ``mms``,
 ``news``, ``nntp``, ``prospero``, ``rsync``, ``rtsp``, ``rtsps``, ``rtspu``,
 ``sftp``, ``shttp``, ``sip``, ``sips``, ``snews``, ``svn``, ``svn+ssh``,
 ``telnet``, ``wais``, ``ws``, ``wss``.
 
+.. impl-detail::
+
+   The inclusion of the ``itms-services`` URL scheme can prevent an app from
+   passing Apple's App Store review process for the macOS and iOS App Stores.
+   Handling for the ``itms-services`` scheme is always removed on iOS; on
+   macOS, it *may* be removed if CPython has been built with the
+   :option:`--with-app-store-compliance` option.
+
 The :mod:`urllib.parse` module defines functions that fall into two broad
 categories: URL parsing and URL quoting. These are covered in detail in
 the following sections.
@@ -173,7 +181,7 @@ or on combining URL components into a URL string.
       Added IPv6 URL parsing capabilities.
 
    .. versionchanged:: 3.3
-      The fragment is now parsed for all URL schemes (unless *allow_fragment* is
+      The fragment is now parsed for all URL schemes (unless *allow_fragments* is
       false), in accordance with :rfc:`3986`.  Previously, an allowlist of
       schemes that support fragments existed.
 
diff --git a/Doc/library/urllib.request.rst b/Doc/library/urllib.request.rst
index 754405e0fbe5b2..ce82552a3ae4be 100644
--- a/Doc/library/urllib.request.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/urllib.request.rst
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ The following classes are provided:
 
    *method* should be a string that indicates the HTTP request method that
    will be used (e.g. ``'HEAD'``).  If provided, its value is stored in the
-   :attr:`~Request.method` attribute and is used by :meth:`get_method()`.
+   :attr:`~Request.method` attribute and is used by :meth:`get_method`.
    The default is ``'GET'`` if *data* is ``None`` or ``'POST'`` otherwise.
    Subclasses may indicate a different default method by setting the
    :attr:`~Request.method` attribute in the class itself.
@@ -1092,7 +1092,7 @@ FileHandler Objects
 
    .. versionchanged:: 3.2
       This method is applicable only for local hostnames.  When a remote
-      hostname is given, an :exc:`~urllib.error.URLError` is raised.
+      hostname is given, a :exc:`~urllib.error.URLError` is raised.
 
 
 .. _data-handler-objects:
@@ -1107,7 +1107,7 @@ DataHandler Objects
    ignores white spaces in base64 encoded data URLs so the URL may be wrapped
    in whatever source file it comes from. But even though some browsers don't
    mind about a missing padding at the end of a base64 encoded data URL, this
-   implementation will raise an :exc:`ValueError` in that case.
+   implementation will raise a :exc:`ValueError` in that case.
 
 
 .. _ftp-handler-objects:
diff --git a/Doc/library/venv.rst b/Doc/library/venv.rst
index fff1075c2473eb..5205c6c211d9bf 100644
--- a/Doc/library/venv.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/venv.rst
@@ -37,14 +37,14 @@ A virtual environment is (amongst other things):
   are by default isolated from software in other virtual environments and Python
   interpreters and libraries installed in the operating system.
 
-* Contained in a directory, conventionally either named ``venv`` or ``.venv`` in
+* Contained in a directory, conventionally named ``.venv`` or ``venv`` in
   the project directory, or under a container directory for lots of virtual
   environments, such as ``~/.virtualenvs``.
 
 * Not checked into source control systems such as Git.
 
 * Considered as disposable -- it should be simple to delete and recreate it from
-  scratch. You don't place any project code in the environment
+  scratch. You don't place any project code in the environment.
 
 * Not considered as movable or copyable -- you just recreate the same
   environment in the target location.
@@ -56,12 +56,132 @@ See :pep:`405` for more background on Python virtual environments.
    `Python Packaging User Guide: Creating and using virtual environments
    <https://packaging.python.org/guides/installing-using-pip-and-virtual-environments/#create-and-use-virtual-environments>`__
 
-.. include:: ../includes/wasm-ios-notavail.rst
+.. include:: ../includes/wasm-mobile-notavail.rst
 
 Creating virtual environments
 -----------------------------
 
-.. include:: /using/venv-create.inc
+:ref:`Virtual environments <venv-def>` are created by executing the ``venv``
+module:
+
+.. code-block:: shell
+
+    python -m venv /path/to/new/virtual/environment
+
+This creates the target directory (including parent directories as needed)
+and places a :file:`pyvenv.cfg` file in it with a ``home`` key
+pointing to the Python installation from which the command was run.
+It also creates a :file:`bin` (or :file:`Scripts` on Windows) subdirectory
+containing a copy or symlink of the Python executable
+(as appropriate for the platform or arguments used at environment creation time).
+It also creates a :file:`lib/pythonX.Y/site-packages` subdirectory
+(on Windows, this is :file:`Lib\site-packages`).
+If an existing directory is specified, it will be re-used.
+
+.. versionchanged:: 3.5
+   The use of ``venv`` is now recommended for creating virtual environments.
+
+.. deprecated-removed:: 3.6 3.8
+   :program:`pyvenv` was the recommended tool for creating virtual environments
+   for Python 3.3 and 3.4, and replaced in 3.5 by executing ``venv`` directly.
+
+.. highlight:: none
+
+On Windows, invoke the ``venv`` command as follows:
+
+.. code-block:: ps1con
+
+   PS> python -m venv C:\path\to\new\virtual\environment
+
+The command, if run with ``-h``, will show the available options::
+
+   usage: venv [-h] [--system-site-packages] [--symlinks | --copies] [--clear]
+               [--upgrade] [--without-pip] [--prompt PROMPT] [--upgrade-deps]
+               [--without-scm-ignore-files]
+               ENV_DIR [ENV_DIR ...]
+
+   Creates virtual Python environments in one or more target directories.
+
+   positional arguments:
+     ENV_DIR               A directory to create the environment in.
+
+   options:
+     -h, --help            show this help message and exit
+     --system-site-packages
+                           Give the virtual environment access to the system
+                           site-packages dir.
+     --symlinks            Try to use symlinks rather than copies, when
+                           symlinks are not the default for the platform.
+     --copies              Try to use copies rather than symlinks, even when
+                           symlinks are the default for the platform.
+     --clear               Delete the contents of the environment directory
+                           if it already exists, before environment creation.
+     --upgrade             Upgrade the environment directory to use this
+                           version of Python, assuming Python has been
+                           upgraded in-place.
+     --without-pip         Skips installing or upgrading pip in the virtual
+                           environment (pip is bootstrapped by default)
+     --prompt PROMPT       Provides an alternative prompt prefix for this
+                           environment.
+     --upgrade-deps        Upgrade core dependencies (pip) to the latest
+                           version in PyPI
+     --without-scm-ignore-files
+                           Skips adding SCM ignore files to the environment
+                           directory (Git is supported by default).
+
+   Once an environment has been created, you may wish to activate it, e.g. by
+   sourcing an activate script in its bin directory.
+
+
+.. versionchanged:: 3.4
+   Installs pip by default, added the ``--without-pip``  and ``--copies``
+   options.
+
+.. versionchanged:: 3.4
+   In earlier versions, if the target directory already existed, an error was
+   raised, unless the ``--clear`` or ``--upgrade`` option was provided.
+
+.. versionchanged:: 3.9
+   Add ``--upgrade-deps`` option to upgrade pip + setuptools to the latest on PyPI.
+
+.. versionchanged:: 3.12
+
+   ``setuptools`` is no longer a core venv dependency.
+
+.. versionchanged:: 3.13
+
+   Added the ``--without-scm-ignore-files`` option.
+.. versionchanged:: 3.13
+   ``venv`` now creates a :file:`.gitignore` file for Git by default.
+
+.. note::
+   While symlinks are supported on Windows, they are not recommended. Of
+   particular note is that double-clicking ``python.exe`` in File Explorer
+   will resolve the symlink eagerly and ignore the virtual environment.
+
+.. note::
+   On Microsoft Windows, it may be required to enable the ``Activate.ps1``
+   script by setting the execution policy for the user. You can do this by
+   issuing the following PowerShell command:
+
+   .. code-block:: powershell
+
+      PS C:\> Set-ExecutionPolicy -ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned -Scope CurrentUser
+
+   See `About Execution Policies
+   <https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=135170>`_
+   for more information.
+
+The created :file:`pyvenv.cfg` file also includes the
+``include-system-site-packages`` key, set to ``true`` if ``venv`` is
+run with the ``--system-site-packages`` option, ``false`` otherwise.
+
+Unless the ``--without-pip`` option is given, :mod:`ensurepip` will be
+invoked to bootstrap ``pip`` into the virtual environment.
+
+Multiple paths can be given to ``venv``, in which case an identical virtual
+environment will be created, according to the given options, at each provided
+path.
 
 .. _venv-explanation:
 
@@ -95,7 +215,7 @@ containing the virtual environment):
 |             +------------+--------------------------------------------------+
 |             | csh/tcsh   | :samp:`$ source {<venv>}/bin/activate.csh`       |
 |             +------------+--------------------------------------------------+
-|             | PowerShell | :samp:`$ {<venv>}/bin/Activate.ps1`              |
+|             | pwsh       | :samp:`$ {<venv>}/bin/Activate.ps1`              |
 +-------------+------------+--------------------------------------------------+
 | Windows     | cmd.exe    | :samp:`C:\\> {<venv>}\\Scripts\\activate.bat`    |
 |             +------------+--------------------------------------------------+
@@ -117,7 +237,7 @@ should be runnable without activating it.
 
 In order to achieve this, scripts installed into virtual environments have
 a "shebang" line which points to the environment's Python interpreter,
-i.e. :samp:`#!/{<path-to-venv>}/bin/python`.
+:samp:`#!/{<path-to-venv>}/bin/python`.
 This means that the script will run with that interpreter regardless of the
 value of :envvar:`PATH`. On Windows, "shebang" line processing is supported if
 you have the :ref:`launcher` installed. Thus, double-clicking an installed
@@ -168,31 +288,31 @@ creation according to their needs, the :class:`EnvBuilder` class.
     The :class:`EnvBuilder` class accepts the following keyword arguments on
     instantiation:
 
-    * ``system_site_packages`` -- a Boolean value indicating that the system Python
+    * *system_site_packages* -- a boolean value indicating that the system Python
       site-packages should be available to the environment (defaults to ``False``).
 
-    * ``clear`` -- a Boolean value which, if true, will delete the contents of
+    * *clear* -- a boolean value which, if true, will delete the contents of
       any existing target directory, before creating the environment.
 
-    * ``symlinks`` -- a Boolean value indicating whether to attempt to symlink the
+    * *symlinks* -- a boolean value indicating whether to attempt to symlink the
       Python binary rather than copying.
 
-    * ``upgrade`` -- a Boolean value which, if true, will upgrade an existing
+    * *upgrade* -- a boolean value which, if true, will upgrade an existing
       environment with the running Python - for use when that Python has been
       upgraded in-place (defaults to ``False``).
 
-    * ``with_pip`` -- a Boolean value which, if true, ensures pip is
+    * *with_pip* -- a boolean value which, if true, ensures pip is
       installed in the virtual environment. This uses :mod:`ensurepip` with
       the ``--default-pip`` option.
 
-    * ``prompt`` -- a String to be used after virtual environment is activated
+    * *prompt* -- a string to be used after virtual environment is activated
       (defaults to ``None`` which means directory name of the environment would
       be used). If the special string ``"."`` is provided, the basename of the
       current directory is used as the prompt.
 
-    * ``upgrade_deps`` -- Update the base venv modules to the latest on PyPI
+    * *upgrade_deps* -- Update the base venv modules to the latest on PyPI
 
-    * ``scm_ignore_files`` -- Create ignore files based for the specified source
+    * *scm_ignore_files* -- Create ignore files based for the specified source
       control managers (SCM) in the iterable. Support is defined by having a
       method named ``create_{scm}_ignore_file``. The only value supported by
       default is ``"git"`` via :meth:`create_git_ignore_file`.
@@ -210,10 +330,7 @@ creation according to their needs, the :class:`EnvBuilder` class.
     .. versionchanged:: 3.13
        Added the ``scm_ignore_files`` parameter
 
-    Creators of third-party virtual environment tools will be free to use the
-    provided :class:`EnvBuilder` class as a base class.
-
-    The returned env-builder is an object which has a method, ``create``:
+    :class:`EnvBuilder` may be used as a base class.
 
     .. method:: create(env_dir)
 
@@ -313,14 +430,14 @@ creation according to their needs, the :class:`EnvBuilder` class.
 
     .. method:: upgrade_dependencies(context)
 
-       Upgrades the core venv dependency packages (currently ``pip``)
+       Upgrades the core venv dependency packages (currently :pypi:`pip`)
        in the environment. This is done by shelling out to the
        ``pip`` executable in the environment.
 
        .. versionadded:: 3.9
        .. versionchanged:: 3.12
 
-          ``setuptools`` is no longer a core venv dependency.
+          :pypi:`setuptools` is no longer a core venv dependency.
 
     .. method:: post_setup(context)
 
@@ -328,25 +445,15 @@ creation according to their needs, the :class:`EnvBuilder` class.
         implementations to pre-install packages in the virtual environment or
         perform other post-creation steps.
 
-    .. versionchanged:: 3.7.2
-       Windows now uses redirector scripts for ``python[w].exe`` instead of
-       copying the actual binaries. In 3.7.2 only :meth:`setup_python` does
-       nothing unless running from a build in the source tree.
-
-    .. versionchanged:: 3.7.3
-       Windows copies the redirector scripts as part of :meth:`setup_python`
-       instead of :meth:`setup_scripts`. This was not the case in 3.7.2.
-       When using symlinks, the original executables will be linked.
-
-    In addition, :class:`EnvBuilder` provides this utility method that can be
-    called from :meth:`setup_scripts` or :meth:`post_setup` in subclasses to
-    assist in installing custom scripts into the virtual environment.
-
     .. method:: install_scripts(context, path)
 
+        This method can be
+        called from :meth:`setup_scripts` or :meth:`post_setup` in subclasses to
+        assist in installing custom scripts into the virtual environment.
+
         *path* is the path to a directory that should contain subdirectories
-        "common", "posix", "nt", each containing scripts destined for the bin
-        directory in the environment.  The contents of "common" and the
+        ``common``, ``posix``, ``nt``; each containing scripts destined for the
+        ``bin`` directory in the environment.  The contents of ``common`` and the
         directory corresponding to :data:`os.name` are copied after some text
         replacement of placeholders:
 
@@ -371,10 +478,20 @@ creation according to their needs, the :class:`EnvBuilder` class.
     .. method:: create_git_ignore_file(context)
 
        Creates a ``.gitignore`` file within the virtual environment that causes
-       the entire directory to be ignored by the ``git`` source control manager.
+       the entire directory to be ignored by the Git source control manager.
 
        .. versionadded:: 3.13
 
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.7.2
+       Windows now uses redirector scripts for ``python[w].exe`` instead of
+       copying the actual binaries. In 3.7.2 only :meth:`setup_python` does
+       nothing unless running from a build in the source tree.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.7.3
+       Windows copies the redirector scripts as part of :meth:`setup_python`
+       instead of :meth:`setup_scripts`. This was not the case in 3.7.2.
+       When using symlinks, the original executables will be linked.
+
 There is also a module-level convenience function:
 
 .. function:: create(env_dir, system_site_packages=False, clear=False, \
@@ -387,16 +504,16 @@ There is also a module-level convenience function:
     .. versionadded:: 3.3
 
     .. versionchanged:: 3.4
-       Added the ``with_pip`` parameter
+       Added the *with_pip* parameter
 
     .. versionchanged:: 3.6
-       Added the ``prompt`` parameter
+       Added the *prompt* parameter
 
     .. versionchanged:: 3.9
-       Added the ``upgrade_deps`` parameter
+       Added the *upgrade_deps* parameter
 
     .. versionchanged:: 3.13
-       Added the ``scm_ignore_files`` parameter
+       Added the *scm_ignore_files* parameter
 
 An example of extending ``EnvBuilder``
 --------------------------------------
diff --git a/Doc/library/warnings.rst b/Doc/library/warnings.rst
index c66e65abee426f..5ea65cbd8ca94c 100644
--- a/Doc/library/warnings.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/warnings.rst
@@ -145,6 +145,8 @@ the disposition of the match.  Each entry is a tuple of the form (*action*,
   +---------------+----------------------------------------------+
   | ``"always"``  | always print matching warnings               |
   +---------------+----------------------------------------------+
+  | ``"all"``     | alias to "always"                            |
+  +---------------+----------------------------------------------+
   | ``"module"``  | print the first occurrence of matching       |
   |               | warnings for each module where the warning   |
   |               | is issued (regardless of line number)        |
@@ -595,6 +597,9 @@ Available Context Managers
     passed to :func:`simplefilter` as if it were called immediately on
     entering the context.
 
+    See :ref:`warning-filter` for the meaning of the *category* and *lineno*
+    parameters.
+
     .. note::
 
         The :class:`catch_warnings` manager works by replacing and
diff --git a/Doc/library/wave.rst b/Doc/library/wave.rst
index 89664693cc87b4..36c2bde87fb8fb 100644
--- a/Doc/library/wave.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/wave.rst
@@ -46,8 +46,8 @@ The :mod:`wave` module defines the following function and exception:
    the file object.
 
    The :func:`.open` function may be used in a :keyword:`with` statement.  When
-   the :keyword:`!with` block completes, the :meth:`Wave_read.close()` or
-   :meth:`Wave_write.close()` method is called.
+   the :keyword:`!with` block completes, the :meth:`Wave_read.close` or
+   :meth:`Wave_write.close` method is called.
 
    .. versionchanged:: 3.4
       Added support for unseekable files.
diff --git a/Doc/library/weakref.rst b/Doc/library/weakref.rst
index d6e062df945c64..2a25ed045c68bd 100644
--- a/Doc/library/weakref.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/weakref.rst
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ See :ref:`__slots__ documentation <slots>` for details.
       >>> del k1      # d = {k2: 2}
 
    .. versionchanged:: 3.9
-      Added support for ``|`` and ``|=`` operators, specified in :pep:`584`.
+      Added support for ``|`` and ``|=`` operators, as specified in :pep:`584`.
 
 :class:`WeakKeyDictionary` objects have an additional method that
 exposes the internal references directly.  The references are not guaranteed to
diff --git a/Doc/library/webbrowser.rst b/Doc/library/webbrowser.rst
index 334f21f01c14c0..2d19c514ce43b6 100644
--- a/Doc/library/webbrowser.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/webbrowser.rst
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ The options are, naturally, mutually exclusive.  Usage example::
 
    python -m webbrowser -t "https://www.python.org"
 
-.. include:: ../includes/wasm-notavail.rst
+.. availability:: not WASI, not Android.
 
 The following exception is defined:
 
@@ -72,6 +72,8 @@ The following functions are defined:
    (note that under many window managers this will occur regardless of the
    setting of this variable).
 
+   Returns ``True`` if a browser was successfully launched, ``False`` otherwise.
+
    Note that on some platforms, trying to open a filename using this function,
    may work and start the operating system's associated program.  However, this
    is neither supported nor portable.
@@ -84,11 +86,16 @@ The following functions are defined:
    Open *url* in a new window of the default browser, if possible, otherwise, open
    *url* in the only browser window.
 
+   Returns ``True`` if a browser was successfully launched, ``False`` otherwise.
+
+
 .. function:: open_new_tab(url)
 
    Open *url* in a new page ("tab") of the default browser, if possible, otherwise
    equivalent to :func:`open_new`.
 
+   Returns ``True`` if a browser was successfully launched, ``False`` otherwise.
+
 
 .. function:: get(using=None)
 
diff --git a/Doc/library/wsgiref.rst b/Doc/library/wsgiref.rst
index e46730f1716761..8d4c5eb6600e8b 100644
--- a/Doc/library/wsgiref.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/wsgiref.rst
@@ -783,8 +783,8 @@ in :pep:`3333`.
 
 .. class:: StartResponse()
 
-   A :class:`typing.Protocol` describing `start_response()
-   <https://peps.python.org/pep-3333/#the-start-response-callable>`_
+   A :class:`typing.Protocol` describing :pep:`start_response()
+   <3333#the-start-response-callable>`
    callables (:pep:`3333`).
 
 .. data:: WSGIEnvironment
@@ -797,18 +797,18 @@ in :pep:`3333`.
 
 .. class:: InputStream()
 
-   A :class:`typing.Protocol` describing a `WSGI Input Stream
-   <https://peps.python.org/pep-3333/#input-and-error-streams>`_.
+   A :class:`typing.Protocol` describing a :pep:`WSGI Input Stream
+   <3333#input-and-error-streams>`.
 
 .. class:: ErrorStream()
 
-   A :class:`typing.Protocol` describing a `WSGI Error Stream
-   <https://peps.python.org/pep-3333/#input-and-error-streams>`_.
+   A :class:`typing.Protocol` describing a :pep:`WSGI Error Stream
+   <3333#input-and-error-streams>`.
 
 .. class:: FileWrapper()
 
-   A :class:`typing.Protocol` describing a `file wrapper
-   <https://peps.python.org/pep-3333/#optional-platform-specific-file-handling>`_.
+   A :class:`typing.Protocol` describing a :pep:`file wrapper
+   <3333#optional-platform-specific-file-handling>`.
    See :class:`wsgiref.util.FileWrapper` for a concrete implementation of this
    protocol.
 
diff --git a/Doc/library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst b/Doc/library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst
index e5919029c62c93..1daf6628013bf0 100644
--- a/Doc/library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst
@@ -508,7 +508,7 @@ Functions
    `C14N 2.0 <https://www.w3.org/TR/xml-c14n2/>`_ transformation function.
 
    Canonicalization is a way to normalise XML output in a way that allows
-   byte-by-byte comparisons and digital signatures.  It reduced the freedom
+   byte-by-byte comparisons and digital signatures.  It reduces the freedom
    that XML serializers have and instead generates a more constrained XML
    representation.  The main restrictions regard the placement of namespace
    declarations, the ordering of attributes, and ignorable whitespace.
@@ -874,6 +874,7 @@ Element Objects
 
 .. module:: xml.etree.ElementTree
    :noindex:
+   :no-index:
 
 .. class:: Element(tag, attrib={}, **extra)
 
@@ -970,7 +971,7 @@ Element Objects
 
    .. method:: extend(subelements)
 
-      Appends *subelements* from a sequence object with zero or more elements.
+      Appends *subelements* from an iterable of elements.
       Raises :exc:`TypeError` if a subelement is not an :class:`Element`.
 
       .. versionadded:: 3.2
@@ -1374,7 +1375,7 @@ XMLParser Objects
 
    .. versionchanged:: 3.8
       Parameters are now :ref:`keyword-only <keyword-only_parameter>`.
-      The *html* argument no longer supported.
+      The *html* argument is no longer supported.
 
 
    .. method:: close()
diff --git a/Doc/library/xmlrpc.client.rst b/Doc/library/xmlrpc.client.rst
index 614fb19d1f56b6..c57f433e6efd98 100644
--- a/Doc/library/xmlrpc.client.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/xmlrpc.client.rst
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ between conformable Python objects and XML on the wire.
       A good description of XML-RPC operation and client software in several languages.
       Contains pretty much everything an XML-RPC client developer needs to know.
 
-   `XML-RPC Introspection <https://xmlrpc-c.sourceforge.net/introspection.html>`_
+   `XML-RPC Introspection <https://xmlrpc-c.sourceforge.io/introspection.html>`_
       Describes the XML-RPC protocol extension for introspection.
 
    `XML-RPC Specification <http://xmlrpc.scripting.com/spec.html>`_
diff --git a/Doc/library/zipapp.rst b/Doc/library/zipapp.rst
index cf561b454e934f..cdaba07ab46c8f 100644
--- a/Doc/library/zipapp.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/zipapp.rst
@@ -332,7 +332,7 @@ Formally, the Python zip application format is therefore:
    interpreter name, and then a newline (``b'\n'``) character.  The interpreter
    name can be anything acceptable to the OS "shebang" processing, or the Python
    launcher on Windows.  The interpreter should be encoded in UTF-8 on Windows,
-   and in :func:`sys.getfilesystemencoding()` on POSIX.
+   and in :func:`sys.getfilesystemencoding` on POSIX.
 2. Standard zipfile data, as generated by the :mod:`zipfile` module.  The
    zipfile content *must* include a file called ``__main__.py`` (which must be
    in the "root" of the zipfile - i.e., it cannot be in a subdirectory).  The
diff --git a/Doc/reference/compound_stmts.rst b/Doc/reference/compound_stmts.rst
index 42cca0664df71d..1b1e9f479cbe08 100644
--- a/Doc/reference/compound_stmts.rst
+++ b/Doc/reference/compound_stmts.rst
@@ -245,13 +245,12 @@ handler is started. This search inspects the :keyword:`!except` clauses in turn
 until one is found that matches the exception.
 An expression-less :keyword:`!except` clause, if present, must be last;
 it matches any exception.
-For an :keyword:`!except` clause with an expression,
-that expression is evaluated, and the clause matches the exception
-if the resulting object is "compatible" with the exception.  An object is
-compatible with an exception if the object is the class or a
-:term:`non-virtual base class <abstract base class>` of the exception object,
-or a tuple containing an item that is the class or a non-virtual base class
-of the exception object.
+
+For an :keyword:`!except` clause with an expression, the
+expression must evaluate to an exception type or a tuple of exception types.
+The raised exception matches an :keyword:`!except` clause whose expression evaluates
+to the class or a :term:`non-virtual base class <abstract base class>` of the exception object,
+or to a tuple that contains such a class.
 
 If no :keyword:`!except` clause matches the exception,
 the search for an exception handler
@@ -378,8 +377,10 @@ exception group with an empty message string. ::
    ...
    ExceptionGroup('', (BlockingIOError()))
 
-An :keyword:`!except*` clause must have a matching type,
-and this type cannot be a subclass of :exc:`BaseExceptionGroup`.
+An :keyword:`!except*` clause must have a matching expression; it cannot be ``except*:``.
+Furthermore, this expression cannot contain exception group types, because that would
+have ambiguous semantics.
+
 It is not possible to mix :keyword:`except` and :keyword:`!except*`
 in the same :keyword:`try`.
 :keyword:`break`, :keyword:`continue` and :keyword:`return`
@@ -840,7 +841,7 @@ A literal pattern corresponds to most
                   : | "None"
                   : | "True"
                   : | "False"
-                  : | `signed_number`: NUMBER | "-" NUMBER
+   signed_number: ["-"] NUMBER
 
 The rule ``strings`` and the token ``NUMBER`` are defined in the
 :doc:`standard Python grammar <./grammar>`.  Triple-quoted strings are
@@ -1216,9 +1217,10 @@ A function definition defines a user-defined function object (see section
                  :   | `parameter_list_no_posonly`
    parameter_list_no_posonly: `defparameter` ("," `defparameter`)* ["," [`parameter_list_starargs`]]
                             : | `parameter_list_starargs`
-   parameter_list_starargs: "*" [`parameter`] ("," `defparameter`)* ["," ["**" `parameter` [","]]]
+   parameter_list_starargs: "*" [`star_parameter`] ("," `defparameter`)* ["," ["**" `parameter` [","]]]
                           : | "**" `parameter` [","]
    parameter: `identifier` [":" `expression`]
+   star_parameter: `identifier` [":" ["*"] `expression`]
    defparameter: `parameter` ["=" `expression`]
    funcname: `identifier`
 
@@ -1325,16 +1327,15 @@ and may only be passed by positional arguments.
 
 Parameters may have an :term:`annotation <function annotation>` of the form "``: expression``"
 following the parameter name.  Any parameter may have an annotation, even those of the form
-``*identifier`` or ``**identifier``.  Functions may have "return" annotation of
+``*identifier`` or ``**identifier``. (As a special case, parameters of the form
+``*identifier`` may have an annotation "``: *expression``".) Functions may have "return" annotation of
 the form "``-> expression``" after the parameter list.  These annotations can be
 any valid Python expression.  The presence of annotations does not change the
-semantics of a function.  The annotation values are available as values of
-a dictionary keyed by the parameters' names in the :attr:`__annotations__`
-attribute of the function object.  If the ``annotations`` import from
-:mod:`__future__` is used, annotations are preserved as strings at runtime which
-enables postponed evaluation.  Otherwise, they are evaluated when the function
-definition is executed.  In this case annotations may be evaluated in
-a different order than they appear in the source code.
+semantics of a function. See :ref:`annotations` for more information on annotations.
+
+.. versionchanged:: 3.11
+   Parameters of the form "``*identifier``" may have an annotation
+   "``: *expression``". See :pep:`646`.
 
 .. index:: pair: lambda; expression
 
@@ -1421,7 +1422,7 @@ dictionary.  The class name is bound to this class object in the original local
 namespace.
 
 The order in which attributes are defined in the class body is preserved
-in the new class's ``__dict__``.  Note that this is reliable only right
+in the new class's :attr:`~type.__dict__`.  Note that this is reliable only right
 after the class is created and only for classes that were defined using
 the definition syntax.
 
@@ -1452,8 +1453,8 @@ decorators.  The result is then bound to the class name.
 A list of :ref:`type parameters <type-params>` may be given in square brackets
 immediately after the class's name.
 This indicates to static type checkers that the class is generic. At runtime,
-the type parameters can be retrieved from the class's ``__type_params__``
-attribute. See :ref:`generic-classes` for more.
+the type parameters can be retrieved from the class's
+:attr:`~type.__type_params__` attribute. See :ref:`generic-classes` for more.
 
 .. versionchanged:: 3.12
    Type parameter lists are new in Python 3.12.
@@ -1666,8 +1667,8 @@ with more precision. The scope of type parameters is modeled with a special
 function (technically, an :ref:`annotation scope <annotation-scopes>`) that
 wraps the creation of the generic object.
 
-Generic functions, classes, and type aliases have a :attr:`!__type_params__`
-attribute listing their type parameters.
+Generic functions, classes, and type aliases have a
+:attr:`~definition.__type_params__` attribute listing their type parameters.
 
 Type parameters come in three kinds:
 
@@ -1851,6 +1852,44 @@ Here, ``annotation-def`` (not a real keyword) indicates an
 :ref:`annotation scope <annotation-scopes>`. The capitalized names
 like ``TYPE_PARAMS_OF_ListOrSet`` are not actually bound at runtime.
 
+.. _annotations:
+
+Annotations
+===========
+
+.. versionchanged:: 3.14
+   Annotations are now lazily evaluated by default.
+
+Variables and function parameters may carry :term:`annotations <annotation>`,
+created by adding a colon after the name, followed by an expression::
+
+   x: annotation = 1
+   def f(param: annotation): ...
+
+Functions may also carry a return annotation following an arrow::
+
+   def f() -> annotation: ...
+
+Annotations are conventionally used for :term:`type hints <type hint>`, but this
+is not enforced by the language, and in general annotations may contain arbitrary
+expressions. The presence of annotations does not change the runtime semantics of
+the code, except if some mechanism is used that introspects and uses the annotations
+(such as :mod:`dataclasses` or :func:`functools.singledispatch`).
+
+By default, annotations are lazily evaluated in a :ref:`annotation scope <annotation-scopes>`.
+This means that they are not evaluated when the code containing the annotation is evaluated.
+Instead, the interpreter saves information that can be used to evaluate the annotation later
+if requested. The :mod:`annotationlib` module provides tools for evaluating annotations.
+
+If the :ref:`future statement <future>` ``from __future__ import annotations`` is present,
+all annotations are instead stored as strings::
+
+   >>> from __future__ import annotations
+   >>> def f(param: annotation): ...
+   >>> f.__annotations__
+   {'param': 'annotation'}
+
+
 .. rubric:: Footnotes
 
 .. [#] The exception is propagated to the invocation stack unless
@@ -1891,5 +1930,5 @@ like ``TYPE_PARAMS_OF_ListOrSet`` are not actually bound at runtime.
    therefore the function's :term:`docstring`.
 
 .. [#] A string literal appearing as the first statement in the class body is
-   transformed into the namespace's ``__doc__`` item and therefore the class's
-   :term:`docstring`.
+   transformed into the namespace's :attr:`~type.__doc__` item and therefore
+   the class's :term:`docstring`.
diff --git a/Doc/reference/datamodel.rst b/Doc/reference/datamodel.rst
index af4c585e1c3e2f..f56bd5e8a7803a 100644
--- a/Doc/reference/datamodel.rst
+++ b/Doc/reference/datamodel.rst
@@ -106,12 +106,16 @@ that mutable object is changed.
 Types affect almost all aspects of object behavior.  Even the importance of
 object identity is affected in some sense: for immutable types, operations that
 compute new values may actually return a reference to any existing object with
-the same type and value, while for mutable objects this is not allowed.  E.g.,
-after ``a = 1; b = 1``, ``a`` and ``b`` may or may not refer to the same object
-with the value one, depending on the implementation, but after ``c = []; d =
-[]``, ``c`` and ``d`` are guaranteed to refer to two different, unique, newly
-created empty lists. (Note that ``c = d = []`` assigns the same object to both
-``c`` and ``d``.)
+the same type and value, while for mutable objects this is not allowed.
+For example, after ``a = 1; b = 1``, *a* and *b* may or may not refer to
+the same object with the value one, depending on the implementation.
+This is because :class:`int` is an immutable type, so the reference to ``1``
+can be reused. This behaviour depends on the implementation used, so should
+not be relied upon, but is something to be aware of when making use of object
+identity tests.
+However, after ``c = []; d = []``, *c* and *d* are guaranteed to refer to two
+different, unique, newly created empty lists. (Note that ``e = f = []`` assigns
+the *same* object to both *e* and *f*.)
 
 
 .. _types:
@@ -218,7 +222,7 @@ properties:
 
 * A sign is shown only when the number is negative.
 
-Python distinguishes between integers, floating point numbers, and complex
+Python distinguishes between integers, floating-point numbers, and complex
 numbers:
 
 
@@ -262,18 +266,18 @@ Booleans (:class:`bool`)
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
 .. index::
-   pair: object; floating point
-   pair: floating point; number
+   pair: object; floating-point
+   pair: floating-point; number
    pair: C; language
    pair: Java; language
 
-These represent machine-level double precision floating point numbers. You are
+These represent machine-level double precision floating-point numbers. You are
 at the mercy of the underlying machine architecture (and C or Java
 implementation) for the accepted range and handling of overflow. Python does not
-support single-precision floating point numbers; the savings in processor and
+support single-precision floating-point numbers; the savings in processor and
 memory usage that are usually the reason for using these are dwarfed by the
 overhead of using objects in Python, so there is no reason to complicate the
-language with two kinds of floating point numbers.
+language with two kinds of floating-point numbers.
 
 
 :class:`numbers.Complex` (:class:`complex`)
@@ -284,7 +288,7 @@ language with two kinds of floating point numbers.
    pair: complex; number
 
 These represent complex numbers as a pair of machine-level double precision
-floating point numbers.  The same caveats apply as for floating point numbers.
+floating-point numbers.  The same caveats apply as for floating-point numbers.
 The real and imaginary parts of a complex number ``z`` can be retrieved through
 the read-only attributes ``z.real`` and ``z.imag``.
 
@@ -376,7 +380,7 @@ Bytes
 
    A bytes object is an immutable array.  The items are 8-bit bytes,
    represented by integers in the range 0 <= x < 256.  Bytes literals
-   (like ``b'abc'``) and the built-in :func:`bytes()` constructor
+   (like ``b'abc'``) and the built-in :func:`bytes` constructor
    can be used to create bytes objects.  Also, bytes objects can be
    decoded to strings via the :meth:`~bytes.decode` method.
 
@@ -495,7 +499,7 @@ in the same order they were added sequentially over the dictionary.
 Replacing an existing key does not change the order, however removing a key
 and re-inserting it will add it to the end instead of keeping its old place.
 
-Dictionaries are mutable; they can be created by the ``{...}`` notation (see
+Dictionaries are mutable; they can be created by the ``{}`` notation (see
 section :ref:`dict`).
 
 .. index::
@@ -560,8 +564,9 @@ Special read-only attributes
        in which the function was defined.
 
    * - .. attribute:: function.__closure__
-     - ``None`` or a :class:`tuple` of cells that contain bindings for the
-       function's free variables.
+     - ``None`` or a :class:`tuple` of cells that contain bindings for the names specified
+       in the :attr:`~codeobject.co_freevars` attribute of the function's
+       :attr:`code object <function.__code__>`.
 
        A cell object has the attribute ``cell_contents``.
        This can be used to get the value of the cell, as well as set the value.
@@ -577,6 +582,7 @@ Special writable attributes
    single: __defaults__ (function attribute)
    single: __code__ (function attribute)
    single: __annotations__ (function attribute)
+   single: __annotate__ (function attribute)
    single: __kwdefaults__ (function attribute)
    single: __type_params__ (function attribute)
 
@@ -590,7 +596,6 @@ Most of these attributes check the type of the assigned value:
 
    * - .. attribute:: function.__doc__
      - The function's documentation string, or ``None`` if unavailable.
-       Not inherited by subclasses.
 
    * - .. attribute:: function.__name__
      - The function's name.
@@ -624,7 +629,17 @@ Most of these attributes check the type of the assigned value:
        :term:`parameters <parameter>`.
        The keys of the dictionary are the parameter names,
        and ``'return'`` for the return annotation, if provided.
-       See also: :ref:`annotations-howto`.
+       See also: :attr:`object.__annotations__`.
+
+       .. versionchanged:: 3.14
+          Annotations are now :ref:`lazily evaluated <lazy-evaluation>`.
+          See :pep:`649`.
+
+   * - .. attribute:: function.__annotate__
+     - The :term:`annotate function` for this function, or ``None``
+       if the function has no annotations. See :attr:`object.__annotate__`.
+
+       .. versionadded:: 3.14
 
    * - .. attribute:: function.__kwdefaults__
      - A :class:`dictionary <dict>` containing defaults for keyword-only
@@ -730,14 +745,7 @@ When an instance method object is derived from a :class:`classmethod` object, th
 itself, so that calling either ``x.f(1)`` or ``C.f(1)`` is equivalent to
 calling ``f(C,1)`` where ``f`` is the underlying function.
 
-Note that the transformation from :ref:`function object <user-defined-funcs>`
-to instance method
-object happens each time the attribute is retrieved from the instance.  In
-some cases, a fruitful optimization is to assign the attribute to a local
-variable and call that local variable. Also notice that this
-transformation only happens for user-defined functions; other callable
-objects (and all non-callable objects) are retrieved without
-transformation.  It is also important to note that user-defined functions
+It is important to note that user-defined functions
 which are attributes of a class instance are not converted to bound
 methods; this *only* happens when the function is an attribute of the
 class.
@@ -838,6 +846,7 @@ this case, the special read-only attribute :attr:`!__self__` is set to the objec
 denoted by *alist*. (The attribute has the same semantics as it does with
 :attr:`other instance methods <method.__self__>`.)
 
+.. _classes:
 
 Classes
 ^^^^^^^
@@ -856,6 +865,8 @@ Instances of arbitrary classes can be made callable by defining a
 :meth:`~object.__call__` method in their class.
 
 
+.. _module-objects:
+
 Modules
 -------
 
@@ -881,48 +892,247 @@ Attribute assignment updates the module's namespace dictionary, e.g.,
 
 .. index::
    single: __name__ (module attribute)
-   single: __doc__ (module attribute)
+   single: __spec__ (module attribute)
+   single: __package__ (module attribute)
+   single: __loader__ (module attribute)
+   single: __path__ (module attribute)
    single: __file__ (module attribute)
+   single: __cached__ (module attribute)
+   single: __doc__ (module attribute)
    single: __annotations__ (module attribute)
+   single: __annotate__ (module attribute)
    pair: module; namespace
 
-Predefined (writable) attributes:
+.. _import-mod-attrs:
+
+Import-related attributes on module objects
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+Module objects have the following attributes that relate to the
+:ref:`import system <importsystem>`. When a module is created using the machinery associated
+with the import system, these attributes are filled in based on the module's
+:term:`spec <module spec>`, before the :term:`loader` executes and loads the
+module.
+
+To create a module dynamically rather than using the import system,
+it's recommended to use :func:`importlib.util.module_from_spec`,
+which will set the various import-controlled attributes to appropriate values.
+It's also possible to use the :class:`types.ModuleType` constructor to create
+modules directly, but this technique is more error-prone, as most attributes
+must be manually set on the module object after it has been created when using
+this approach.
+
+.. caution::
+
+   With the exception of :attr:`~module.__name__`, it is **strongly**
+   recommended that you rely on :attr:`~module.__spec__` and its attributes
+   instead of any of the other individual attributes listed in this subsection.
+   Note that updating an attribute on :attr:`!__spec__` will not update the
+   corresponding attribute on the module itself:
+
+   .. doctest::
+
+     >>> import typing
+     >>> typing.__name__, typing.__spec__.name
+     ('typing', 'typing')
+     >>> typing.__spec__.name = 'spelling'
+     >>> typing.__name__, typing.__spec__.name
+     ('typing', 'spelling')
+     >>> typing.__name__ = 'keyboard_smashing'
+     >>> typing.__name__, typing.__spec__.name
+     ('keyboard_smashing', 'spelling')
+
+.. attribute:: module.__name__
+
+   The name used to uniquely identify the module in the import system.
+   For a directly executed module, this will be set to ``"__main__"``.
+
+   This attribute must be set to the fully qualified name of the module.
+   It is expected to match the value of
+   :attr:`module.__spec__.name <importlib.machinery.ModuleSpec.name>`.
+
+.. attribute:: module.__spec__
+
+   A record of the module's import-system-related state.
+
+   Set to the :class:`module spec <importlib.machinery.ModuleSpec>` that was
+   used when importing the module. See :ref:`module-specs` for more details.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.4
+
+.. attribute:: module.__package__
+
+   The :term:`package` a module belongs to.
+
+   If the module is top-level (that is, not a part of any specific package)
+   then the attribute should be set to ``''`` (the empty string). Otherwise,
+   it should be set to the name of the module's package (which can be equal to
+   :attr:`module.__name__` if the module itself is a package). See :pep:`366`
+   for further details.
+
+   This attribute is used instead of :attr:`~module.__name__` to calculate
+   explicit relative imports for main modules. It defaults to ``None`` for
+   modules created dynamically using the :class:`types.ModuleType` constructor;
+   use :func:`importlib.util.module_from_spec` instead to ensure the attribute
+   is set to a :class:`str`.
+
+   It is **strongly** recommended that you use
+   :attr:`module.__spec__.parent <importlib.machinery.ModuleSpec.parent>`
+   instead of :attr:`!module.__package__`. :attr:`__package__` is now only used
+   as a fallback if :attr:`!__spec__.parent` is not set, and this fallback
+   path is deprecated.
+
+   .. versionchanged:: 3.4
+      This attribute now defaults to ``None`` for modules created dynamically
+      using the :class:`types.ModuleType` constructor.
+      Previously the attribute was optional.
+
+   .. versionchanged:: 3.6
+      The value of :attr:`!__package__` is expected to be the same as
+      :attr:`__spec__.parent <importlib.machinery.ModuleSpec.parent>`.
+      :attr:`__package__` is now only used as a fallback during import
+      resolution if :attr:`!__spec__.parent` is not defined.
+
+   .. versionchanged:: 3.10
+      :exc:`ImportWarning` is raised if an import resolution falls back to
+      :attr:`!__package__` instead of
+      :attr:`__spec__.parent <importlib.machinery.ModuleSpec.parent>`.
+
+   .. versionchanged:: 3.12
+      Raise :exc:`DeprecationWarning` instead of :exc:`ImportWarning` when
+      falling back to :attr:`!__package__` during import resolution.
+
+   .. deprecated-removed:: 3.13 3.15
+      :attr:`!__package__` will cease to be set or taken into consideration
+      by the import system or standard library.
+
+.. attribute:: module.__loader__
+
+   The :term:`loader` object that the import machinery used to load the module.
+
+   This attribute is mostly useful for introspection, but can be used for
+   additional loader-specific functionality, for example getting data
+   associated with a loader.
+
+   :attr:`!__loader__` defaults to ``None`` for modules created dynamically
+   using the :class:`types.ModuleType` constructor;
+   use :func:`importlib.util.module_from_spec` instead to ensure the attribute
+   is set to a :term:`loader` object.
+
+   It is **strongly** recommended that you use
+   :attr:`module.__spec__.loader <importlib.machinery.ModuleSpec.loader>`
+   instead of :attr:`!module.__loader__`.
+
+   .. versionchanged:: 3.4
+      This attribute now defaults to ``None`` for modules created dynamically
+      using the :class:`types.ModuleType` constructor.
+      Previously the attribute was optional.
+
+   .. deprecated-removed:: 3.12 3.14
+      Setting :attr:`!__loader__` on a module while failing to set
+      :attr:`!__spec__.loader` is deprecated. In Python 3.14,
+      :attr:`!__loader__` will cease to be set or taken into consideration by
+      the import system or the standard library.
+
+.. attribute:: module.__path__
 
-   :attr:`__name__`
-      The module's name.
+   A (possibly empty) :term:`sequence` of strings enumerating the locations
+   where the package's submodules will be found. Non-package modules should
+   not have a :attr:`!__path__` attribute. See :ref:`package-path-rules` for
+   more details.
+
+   It is **strongly** recommended that you use
+   :attr:`module.__spec__.submodule_search_locations <importlib.machinery.ModuleSpec.submodule_search_locations>`
+   instead of :attr:`!module.__path__`.
+
+.. attribute:: module.__file__
+.. attribute:: module.__cached__
+
+   :attr:`!__file__` and :attr:`!__cached__` are both optional attributes that
+   may or may not be set. Both attributes should be a :class:`str` when they
+   are available.
+
+   :attr:`!__file__` indicates the pathname of the file from which the module
+   was loaded (if loaded from a file), or the pathname of the shared library
+   file for extension modules loaded dynamically from a shared library.
+   It might be missing for certain types of modules, such as C modules that are
+   statically linked into the interpreter, and the
+   :ref:`import system <importsystem>` may opt to leave it unset if it
+   has no semantic meaning (for example, a module loaded from a database).
+
+   If :attr:`!__file__` is set then the :attr:`!__cached__` attribute might
+   also be set,  which is the path to any compiled version of
+   the code (for example, a byte-compiled file). The file does not need to exist
+   to set this attribute; the path can simply point to where the
+   compiled file *would* exist (see :pep:`3147`).
+
+   Note that :attr:`!__cached__` may be set even if :attr:`!__file__` is not
+   set.  However, that scenario is quite atypical.  Ultimately, the
+   :term:`loader` is what makes use of the module spec provided by the
+   :term:`finder` (from which :attr:`!__file__` and :attr:`!__cached__` are
+   derived).  So if a loader can load from a cached module but otherwise does
+   not load from a file, that atypical scenario may be appropriate.
+
+   It is **strongly** recommended that you use
+   :attr:`module.__spec__.cached <importlib.machinery.ModuleSpec.cached>`
+   instead of :attr:`!module.__cached__`.
+
+   .. deprecated-removed:: 3.13 3.15
+      Setting :attr:`!__cached__` on a module while failing to set
+      :attr:`!__spec__.cached` is deprecated. In Python 3.15,
+      :attr:`!__cached__` will cease to be set or taken into consideration by
+      the import system or standard library.
+
+Other writable attributes on module objects
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+As well as the import-related attributes listed above, module objects also have
+the following writable attributes:
 
-   :attr:`__doc__`
-      The module's documentation string, or ``None`` if
-      unavailable.
+.. attribute:: module.__doc__
 
-   :attr:`__file__`
-      The pathname of the file from which the
-      module was loaded, if it was loaded from a file.
-      The :attr:`__file__`
-      attribute may be missing for certain types of modules, such as C modules
-      that are statically linked into the interpreter.  For extension modules
-      loaded dynamically from a shared library, it's the pathname of the shared
-      library file.
+   The module's documentation string, or ``None`` if unavailable.
+   See also: :attr:`__doc__ attributes <definition.__doc__>`.
+
+.. attribute:: module.__annotations__
+
+   A dictionary containing :term:`variable annotations <variable annotation>`
+   collected during module body execution.  For best practices on working with
+   :attr:`!__annotations__`, see :mod:`annotationlib`.
+
+   .. versionchanged:: 3.14
+      Annotations are now :ref:`lazily evaluated <lazy-evaluation>`.
+      See :pep:`649`.
 
-   :attr:`__annotations__`
-      A dictionary containing
-      :term:`variable annotations <variable annotation>` collected during
-      module body execution.  For best practices on working
-      with :attr:`__annotations__`, please see :ref:`annotations-howto`.
+.. attribute:: module.__annotate__
+
+   The :term:`annotate function` for this module, or ``None`` if the module has
+   no annotations. See also: :attr:`~object.__annotate__` attributes.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.14
+
+Module dictionaries
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+Module objects also have the following special read-only attribute:
 
 .. index:: single: __dict__ (module attribute)
+.. attribute:: module.__dict__
 
-Special read-only attribute: :attr:`~object.__dict__` is the module's
-namespace as a dictionary object.
+   The module's namespace as a dictionary object. Uniquely among the attributes
+   listed here, :attr:`!__dict__` cannot be accessed as a global variable from
+   within a module; it can only be accessed as an attribute on module objects.
 
-.. impl-detail::
+   .. impl-detail::
 
-   Because of the way CPython clears module dictionaries, the module
-   dictionary will be cleared when the module falls out of scope even if the
-   dictionary still has live references.  To avoid this, copy the dictionary
-   or keep the module around while using its dictionary directly.
+      Because of the way CPython clears module dictionaries, the module
+      dictionary will be cleared when the module falls out of scope even if the
+      dictionary still has live references.  To avoid this, copy the dictionary
+      or keep the module around while using its dictionary directly.
 
 
+.. _class-attrs-and-methods:
+
 Custom classes
 --------------
 
@@ -965,6 +1175,9 @@ of a base class.
 
 A class object can be called (see above) to yield a class instance (see below).
 
+Special attributes
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
 .. index::
    single: __name__ (class attribute)
    single: __module__ (class attribute)
@@ -972,46 +1185,126 @@ A class object can be called (see above) to yield a class instance (see below).
    single: __bases__ (class attribute)
    single: __doc__ (class attribute)
    single: __annotations__ (class attribute)
+   single: __annotate__ (class attribute)
    single: __type_params__ (class attribute)
    single: __static_attributes__ (class attribute)
    single: __firstlineno__ (class attribute)
 
-Special attributes:
+.. list-table::
+   :header-rows: 1
 
-   :attr:`~definition.__name__`
-      The class name.
+   * - Attribute
+     - Meaning
 
-   :attr:`__module__`
-      The name of the module in which the class was defined.
+   * - .. attribute:: type.__name__
+     - The class's name.
+       See also: :attr:`__name__ attributes <definition.__name__>`.
 
-   :attr:`~object.__dict__`
-      The dictionary containing the class's namespace.
+   * - .. attribute:: type.__qualname__
+     - The class's :term:`qualified name`.
+       See also: :attr:`__qualname__ attributes <definition.__qualname__>`.
+
+   * - .. attribute:: type.__module__
+     - The name of the module in which the class was defined.
+
+   * - .. attribute:: type.__dict__
+     - A :class:`mapping proxy <types.MappingProxyType>`
+       providing a read-only view of the class's namespace.
+       See also: :attr:`__dict__ attributes <object.__dict__>`.
+
+   * - .. attribute:: type.__bases__
+     - A :class:`tuple` containing the class's bases.
+       In most cases, for a class defined as ``class X(A, B, C)``,
+       ``X.__bases__`` will be exactly equal to ``(A, B, C)``.
+
+   * - .. attribute:: type.__doc__
+     - The class's documentation string, or ``None`` if undefined.
+       Not inherited by subclasses.
+
+   * - .. attribute:: type.__annotations__
+     - A dictionary containing
+       :term:`variable annotations <variable annotation>`
+       collected during class body execution. See also:
+       :attr:`__annotations__ attributes <object.__annotations__>`.
+
+       For best practices on working with :attr:`~object.__annotations__`,
+       please see :mod:`annotationlib`.
+
+       .. caution::
+
+          Accessing the :attr:`!__annotations__` attribute of a class
+          object directly may yield incorrect results in the presence of
+          metaclasses. In addition, the attribute may not exist for
+          some classes. Use :func:`annotationlib.get_annotations` to
+          retrieve class annotations safely.
+
+       .. versionchanged:: 3.14
+          Annotations are now :ref:`lazily evaluated <lazy-evaluation>`.
+          See :pep:`649`.
+
+   * - .. method:: type.__annotate__
+     - The :term:`annotate function` for this class, or ``None``
+       if the class has no annotations.
+       See also: :attr:`__annotate__ attributes <object.__annotate__>`.
+
+       .. caution::
+
+          Accessing the :attr:`!__annotate__` attribute of a class
+          object directly may yield incorrect results in the presence of
+          metaclasses. Use :func:`annotationlib.get_annotate_function` to
+          retrieve the annotate function safely.
+
+       .. versionadded:: 3.14
+
+   * - .. attribute:: type.__type_params__
+     - A :class:`tuple` containing the :ref:`type parameters <type-params>` of
+       a :ref:`generic class <generic-classes>`.
+
+       .. versionadded:: 3.12
+
+   * - .. attribute:: type.__static_attributes__
+     - A :class:`tuple` containing names of attributes of this class which are
+       assigned through ``self.X`` from any function in its body.
 
-   :attr:`~class.__bases__`
-      A tuple containing the base classes, in the order of
-      their occurrence in the base class list.
+       .. versionadded:: 3.13
 
-   :attr:`__doc__`
-      The class's documentation string, or ``None`` if undefined.
+   * - .. attribute:: type.__firstlineno__
+     - The line number of the first line of the class definition,
+       including decorators.
+       Setting the :attr:`__module__` attribute removes the
+       :attr:`!__firstlineno__` item from the type's dictionary.
 
-   :attr:`__annotations__`
-      A dictionary containing
-      :term:`variable annotations <variable annotation>`
-      collected during class body execution.  For best practices on
-      working with :attr:`__annotations__`, please see
-      :ref:`annotations-howto`.
+       .. versionadded:: 3.13
 
-   :attr:`__type_params__`
-      A tuple containing the :ref:`type parameters <type-params>` of
-      a :ref:`generic class <generic-classes>`.
+   * - .. attribute:: type.__mro__
+     - The :class:`tuple` of classes that are considered when looking for
+       base classes during method resolution.
 
-   :attr:`~class.__static_attributes__`
-      A tuple containing names of attributes of this class which are accessed
-      through ``self.X`` from any function in its body.
 
-   :attr:`__firstlineno__`
-      The line number of the first line of the class definition, including decorators.
+Special methods
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+In addition to the special attributes described above, all Python classes also
+have the following two methods available:
+
+.. method:: type.mro
+
+   This method can be overridden by a metaclass to customize the method
+   resolution order for its instances.  It is called at class instantiation,
+   and its result is stored in :attr:`~type.__mro__`.
 
+.. method:: type.__subclasses__
+
+   Each class keeps a list of weak references to its immediate subclasses. This
+   method returns a list of all those references still alive. The list is in
+   definition order. Example:
+
+   .. doctest::
+
+      >>> class A: pass
+      >>> class B(A): pass
+      >>> A.__subclasses__()
+      [<class 'B'>]
 
 Class instances
 ---------------
@@ -1051,12 +1344,22 @@ dictionary directly.
 Class instances can pretend to be numbers, sequences, or mappings if they have
 methods with certain special names.  See section :ref:`specialnames`.
 
+Special attributes
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
 .. index::
    single: __dict__ (instance attribute)
    single: __class__ (instance attribute)
 
-Special attributes: :attr:`~object.__dict__` is the attribute dictionary;
-:attr:`~instance.__class__` is the instance's class.
+.. attribute:: object.__class__
+
+   The class to which a class instance belongs.
+
+.. attribute:: object.__dict__
+
+   A dictionary or other mapping object used to store an object's (writable)
+   attributes. Not all instances have a :attr:`!__dict__` attribute; see the
+   section on :ref:`slots` for more details.
 
 
 I/O objects (also known as file objects)
@@ -1171,10 +1474,14 @@ Special read-only attributes
 
    * - .. attribute:: codeobject.co_cellvars
      - A :class:`tuple` containing the names of :ref:`local variables <naming>`
-       that are referenced by nested functions inside the function
+       that are referenced from at least one :term:`nested scope` inside the function
 
    * - .. attribute:: codeobject.co_freevars
-     - A :class:`tuple` containing the names of free variables in the function
+     - A :class:`tuple` containing the names of
+       :term:`free (closure) variables <closure variable>` that a :term:`nested scope`
+       references in an outer scope. See also :attr:`function.__closure__`.
+
+       Note: references to global and builtin names are *not* included.
 
    * - .. attribute:: codeobject.co_code
      - A string representing the sequence of :term:`bytecode` instructions in
@@ -1667,6 +1974,8 @@ Basic customization
 
    It is not guaranteed that :meth:`__del__` methods are called for objects
    that still exist when the interpreter exits.
+   :class:`weakref.finalize` provides a straightforward way to register
+   a cleanup function to be called when an object is garbage collected.
 
    .. note::
 
@@ -2284,9 +2593,9 @@ Notes on using *__slots__*:
 
 * The action of a *__slots__* declaration is not limited to the class
   where it is defined.  *__slots__* declared in parents are available in
-  child classes. However, child subclasses will get a :attr:`~object.__dict__` and
-  *__weakref__* unless they also define *__slots__* (which should only
-  contain names of any *additional* slots).
+  child classes. However, instances of a child subclass will get a
+  :attr:`~object.__dict__` and *__weakref__* unless the subclass also defines
+  *__slots__* (which should only contain names of any *additional* slots).
 
 * If a class defines a slot also defined in a base class, the instance variable
   defined by the base class slot is inaccessible (except by retrieving its
@@ -2305,7 +2614,7 @@ Notes on using *__slots__*:
   to provide per-attribute docstrings that will be recognised by
   :func:`inspect.getdoc` and displayed in the output of :func:`help`.
 
-* :attr:`~instance.__class__` assignment works only if both classes have the
+* :attr:`~object.__class__` assignment works only if both classes have the
   same *__slots__*.
 
 * :ref:`Multiple inheritance <tut-multiple>` with multiple slotted parent
@@ -2571,7 +2880,7 @@ in the local namespace as the defined class.
 When a new class is created by ``type.__new__``, the object provided as the
 namespace parameter is copied to a new ordered mapping and the original
 object is discarded. The new copy is wrapped in a read-only proxy, which
-becomes the :attr:`~object.__dict__` attribute of the class object.
+becomes the :attr:`~type.__dict__` attribute of the class object.
 
 .. seealso::
 
@@ -2599,14 +2908,14 @@ order to allow the addition of Abstract Base Classes (ABCs) as "virtual base
 classes" to any class or type (including built-in types), including other
 ABCs.
 
-.. method:: class.__instancecheck__(self, instance)
+.. method:: type.__instancecheck__(self, instance)
 
    Return true if *instance* should be considered a (direct or indirect)
    instance of *class*. If defined, called to implement ``isinstance(instance,
    class)``.
 
 
-.. method:: class.__subclasscheck__(self, subclass)
+.. method:: type.__subclasscheck__(self, subclass)
 
    Return true if *subclass* should be considered a (direct or indirect)
    subclass of *class*.  If defined, called to implement ``issubclass(subclass,
@@ -2622,8 +2931,8 @@ case the instance is itself a class.
 
    :pep:`3119` - Introducing Abstract Base Classes
       Includes the specification for customizing :func:`isinstance` and
-      :func:`issubclass` behavior through :meth:`~class.__instancecheck__` and
-      :meth:`~class.__subclasscheck__`, with motivation for this functionality
+      :func:`issubclass` behavior through :meth:`~type.__instancecheck__` and
+      :meth:`~type.__subclasscheck__`, with motivation for this functionality
       in the context of adding Abstract Base Classes (see the :mod:`abc`
       module) to the language.
 
@@ -3254,6 +3563,51 @@ implement the protocol in Python.
    :class:`collections.abc.Buffer`
       ABC for buffer types.
 
+Annotations
+-----------
+
+Functions, classes, and modules may contain :term:`annotations <annotation>`,
+which are a way to associate information (usually :term:`type hints <type hint>`)
+with a symbol.
+
+.. attribute:: object.__annotations__
+
+   This attribute contains the annotations for an object. It is
+   :ref:`lazily evaluated <lazy-evaluation>`, so accessing the attribute may
+   execute arbitrary code and raise exceptions. If evaluation is successful, the
+   attribute is set to a dictionary mapping from variable names to annotations.
+
+   .. versionchanged:: 3.14
+      Annotations are now lazily evaluated.
+
+.. method:: object.__annotate__(format)
+
+   An :term:`annotate function`.
+   Returns a new dictionary object mapping attribute/parameter names to their annotation values.
+
+   Takes a format parameter specifying the format in which annotations values should be provided.
+   It must be a member of the :class:`annotationlib.Format` enum, or an integer with
+   a value corresponding to a member of the enum.
+
+   If an annotate function doesn't support the requested format, it must raise
+   :exc:`NotImplementedError`. Annotate functions must always support
+   :attr:`~annotationlib.Format.VALUE` format; they must not raise
+   :exc:`NotImplementedError()` when called with this format.
+
+   When called with  :attr:`~annotationlib.Format.VALUE` format, an annotate function may raise
+   :exc:`NameError`; it must not raise :exc:`!NameError` when called requesting any other format.
+
+   If an object does not have any annotations, :attr:`~object.__annotate__` should preferably be set
+   to ``None`` (it can’t be deleted), rather than set to a function that returns an empty dict.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.14
+
+.. seealso::
+
+   :pep:`649` --- Deferred evaluation of annotation using descriptors
+      Introduces lazy evaluation of annotations and the ``__annotate__`` function.
+
+
 .. _special-lookup:
 
 Special method lookup
diff --git a/Doc/reference/executionmodel.rst b/Doc/reference/executionmodel.rst
index f24e1537af39ed..cb6c524dd97a30 100644
--- a/Doc/reference/executionmodel.rst
+++ b/Doc/reference/executionmodel.rst
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ If a name is bound in a block, it is a local variable of that block, unless
 declared as :keyword:`nonlocal` or :keyword:`global`.  If a name is bound at
 the module level, it is a global variable.  (The variables of the module code
 block are local and global.)  If a variable is used in a code block but not
-defined there, it is a :dfn:`free variable`.
+defined there, it is a :term:`free variable`.
 
 Each occurrence of a name in the program text refers to the :dfn:`binding` of
 that name established by the following name resolution rules.
@@ -190,14 +190,15 @@ However, the following will succeed::
 Annotation scopes
 -----------------
 
-:ref:`Type parameter lists <type-params>` and :keyword:`type` statements
+:term:`Annotations <annotation>`, :ref:`type parameter lists <type-params>`
+and :keyword:`type` statements
 introduce *annotation scopes*, which behave mostly like function scopes,
-but with some exceptions discussed below. :term:`Annotations <annotation>`
-currently do not use annotation scopes, but they are expected to use
-annotation scopes in Python 3.13 when :pep:`649` is implemented.
+but with some exceptions discussed below.
 
 Annotation scopes are used in the following contexts:
 
+* :term:`Function annotations <function annotation>`.
+* :term:`Variable annotations <variable annotation>`.
 * Type parameter lists for :ref:`generic type aliases <generic-type-aliases>`.
 * Type parameter lists for :ref:`generic functions <generic-functions>`.
   A generic function's annotations are
@@ -225,8 +226,8 @@ Annotation scopes differ from function scopes in the following ways:
   statements in inner scopes. This includes only type parameters, as no other
   syntactic elements that can appear within annotation scopes can introduce new names.
 * While annotation scopes have an internal name, that name is not reflected in the
-  :term:`__qualname__ <qualified name>` of objects defined within the scope.
-  Instead, the :attr:`!__qualname__`
+  :term:`qualified name` of objects defined within the scope.
+  Instead, the :attr:`~definition.__qualname__`
   of such objects is as if the object were defined in the enclosing scope.
 
 .. versionadded:: 3.12
@@ -236,17 +237,23 @@ Annotation scopes differ from function scopes in the following ways:
    Annotation scopes are also used for type parameter defaults, as
    introduced by :pep:`696`.
 
+.. versionchanged:: 3.14
+   Annotation scopes are now also used for annotations, as specified in
+   :pep:`649` and :pep:`749`.
+
 .. _lazy-evaluation:
 
 Lazy evaluation
 ---------------
 
-The values of type aliases created through the :keyword:`type` statement are
-*lazily evaluated*. The same applies to the bounds, constraints, and default values of type
+Most annotation scopes are *lazily evaluated*. This includes annotations,
+the values of type aliases created through the :keyword:`type` statement, and
+the bounds, constraints, and default values of type
 variables created through the :ref:`type parameter syntax <type-params>`.
 This means that they are not evaluated when the type alias or type variable is
-created. Instead, they are only evaluated when doing so is necessary to resolve
-an attribute access.
+created, or when the object carrying annotations is created. Instead, they
+are only evaluated when necessary, for example when the ``__value__``
+attribute on a type alias is accessed.
 
 Example:
 
@@ -330,6 +337,9 @@ enclosing namespace, but in the global namespace.  [#]_ The :func:`exec` and
 :func:`eval` functions have optional arguments to override the global and local
 namespace.  If only one namespace is specified, it is used for both.
 
+.. XXX(ncoghlan) above is only accurate for string execution. When executing code objects,
+   closure cells may now be passed explicitly to resolve co_freevars references.
+   Docs issue: https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/122826
 
 .. _exceptions:
 
diff --git a/Doc/reference/expressions.rst b/Doc/reference/expressions.rst
index 872773f4d28235..decde0d297cf59 100644
--- a/Doc/reference/expressions.rst
+++ b/Doc/reference/expressions.rst
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ implementation for built-in types works as follows:
 
 * If either argument is a complex number, the other is converted to complex;
 
-* otherwise, if either argument is a floating point number, the other is
+* otherwise, if either argument is a floating-point number, the other is
   converted to floating point;
 
 * otherwise, both must be integers and no conversion is necessary.
@@ -83,18 +83,47 @@ exception.
    pair: name; mangling
    pair: private; names
 
-**Private name mangling:** When an identifier that textually occurs in a class
-definition begins with two or more underscore characters and does not end in two
-or more underscores, it is considered a :dfn:`private name` of that class.
-Private names are transformed to a longer form before code is generated for
-them.  The transformation inserts the class name, with leading underscores
-removed and a single underscore inserted, in front of the name.  For example,
-the identifier ``__spam`` occurring in a class named ``Ham`` will be transformed
-to ``_Ham__spam``.  This transformation is independent of the syntactical
-context in which the identifier is used.  If the transformed name is extremely
-long (longer than 255 characters), implementation defined truncation may happen.
-If the class name consists only of underscores, no transformation is done.
+Private name mangling
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
+When an identifier that textually occurs in a class definition begins with two
+or more underscore characters and does not end in two or more underscores, it
+is considered a :dfn:`private name` of that class.
+
+.. seealso::
+
+   The :ref:`class specifications <class>`.
+
+More precisely, private names are transformed to a longer form before code is
+generated for them.  If the transformed name is longer than 255 characters,
+implementation-defined truncation may happen.
+
+The transformation is independent of the syntactical context in which the
+identifier is used but only the following private identifiers are mangled:
+
+- Any name used as the name of a variable that is assigned or read or any
+  name of an attribute being accessed.
+
+  The :attr:`~definition.__name__` attribute of nested functions, classes, and
+  type aliases is however not mangled.
+
+- The name of imported modules, e.g., ``__spam`` in ``import __spam``.
+  If the module is part of a package (i.e., its name contains a dot),
+  the name is *not* mangled, e.g., the ``__foo`` in ``import __foo.bar``
+  is not mangled.
+
+- The name of an imported member, e.g., ``__f`` in ``from spam import __f``.
+
+The transformation rule is defined as follows:
+
+- The class name, with leading underscores removed and a single leading
+  underscore inserted, is inserted in front of the identifier, e.g., the
+  identifier ``__spam`` occurring in a class named ``Foo``, ``_Foo`` or
+  ``__Foo`` is transformed to ``_Foo__spam``.
+
+- If the class name consists only of underscores, the transformation is the
+  identity, e.g., the identifier ``__spam`` occurring in a class named ``_``
+  or ``__`` is left as is.
 
 .. _atom-literals:
 
@@ -110,8 +139,8 @@ Python supports string and bytes literals and various numeric literals:
           : | `integer` | `floatnumber` | `imagnumber`
 
 Evaluation of a literal yields an object of the given type (string, bytes,
-integer, floating point number, complex number) with the given value.  The value
-may be approximated in the case of floating point and imaginary (complex)
+integer, floating-point number, complex number) with the given value.  The value
+may be approximated in the case of floating-point and imaginary (complex)
 literals.  See section :ref:`literals` for details.
 
 .. index::
@@ -218,10 +247,12 @@ A comprehension in an :keyword:`!async def` function may consist of either a
 :keyword:`!for` or :keyword:`!async for` clause following the leading
 expression, may contain additional :keyword:`!for` or :keyword:`!async for`
 clauses, and may also use :keyword:`await` expressions.
-If a comprehension contains either :keyword:`!async for` clauses or
-:keyword:`!await` expressions or other asynchronous comprehensions it is called
-an :dfn:`asynchronous comprehension`.  An asynchronous comprehension may
-suspend the execution of the coroutine function in which it appears.
+
+If a comprehension contains :keyword:`!async for` clauses, or if it contains
+:keyword:`!await` expressions or other asynchronous comprehensions anywhere except
+the iterable expression in the leftmost :keyword:`!for` clause, it is called an
+:dfn:`asynchronous comprehension`. An asynchronous comprehension may suspend the
+execution of the coroutine function in which it appears.
 See also :pep:`530`.
 
 .. versionadded:: 3.6
@@ -253,7 +284,7 @@ A list display is a possibly empty series of expressions enclosed in square
 brackets:
 
 .. productionlist:: python-grammar
-   list_display: "[" [`starred_list` | `comprehension`] "]"
+   list_display: "[" [`flexible_expression_list` | `comprehension`] "]"
 
 A list display yields a new list object, the contents being specified by either
 a list of expressions or a comprehension.  When a comma-separated list of
@@ -278,7 +309,7 @@ A set display is denoted by curly braces and distinguishable from dictionary
 displays by the lack of colons separating keys and values:
 
 .. productionlist:: python-grammar
-   set_display: "{" (`starred_list` | `comprehension`) "}"
+   set_display: "{" (`flexible_expression_list` | `comprehension`) "}"
 
 A set display yields a new mutable set object, the contents being specified by
 either a sequence of expressions or a comprehension.  When a comma-separated
@@ -423,7 +454,7 @@ Yield expressions
 .. productionlist:: python-grammar
    yield_atom: "(" `yield_expression` ")"
    yield_from: "yield" "from" `expression`
-   yield_expression: "yield" `expression_list` | `yield_from`
+   yield_expression: "yield" `yield_list` | `yield_from`
 
 The yield expression is used when defining a :term:`generator` function
 or an :term:`asynchronous generator` function and
@@ -454,9 +485,9 @@ When a generator function is called, it returns an iterator known as a
 generator.  That generator then controls the execution of the generator
 function.  The execution starts when one of the generator's methods is called.
 At that time, the execution proceeds to the first yield expression, where it is
-suspended again, returning the value of :token:`~python-grammar:expression_list`
+suspended again, returning the value of :token:`~python-grammar:yield_list`
 to the generator's caller,
-or ``None`` if :token:`~python-grammar:expression_list` is omitted.
+or ``None`` if :token:`~python-grammar:yield_list` is omitted.
 By suspended, we mean that all local state is
 retained, including the current bindings of local variables, the instruction
 pointer, the internal evaluation stack, and the state of any exception handling.
@@ -545,7 +576,7 @@ is already executing raises a :exc:`ValueError` exception.
    :meth:`~generator.__next__` method, the current yield expression always
    evaluates to :const:`None`.  The execution then continues to the next yield
    expression, where the generator is suspended again, and the value of the
-   :token:`~python-grammar:expression_list` is returned to :meth:`__next__`'s
+   :token:`~python-grammar:yield_list` is returned to :meth:`__next__`'s
    caller.  If the generator exits without yielding another value, a
    :exc:`StopIteration` exception is raised.
 
@@ -664,7 +695,7 @@ how a generator object would be used in a :keyword:`for` statement.
 Calling one of the asynchronous generator's methods returns an :term:`awaitable`
 object, and the execution starts when this object is awaited on. At that time,
 the execution proceeds to the first yield expression, where it is suspended
-again, returning the value of :token:`~python-grammar:expression_list` to the
+again, returning the value of :token:`~python-grammar:yield_list` to the
 awaiting coroutine. As with a generator, suspension means that all local state
 is retained, including the current bindings of local variables, the instruction
 pointer, the internal evaluation stack, and the state of any exception handling.
@@ -728,7 +759,7 @@ which are used to control the execution of a generator function.
    asynchronous generator function is resumed with an :meth:`~agen.__anext__`
    method, the current yield expression always evaluates to :const:`None` in the
    returned awaitable, which when run will continue to the next yield
-   expression. The value of the :token:`~python-grammar:expression_list` of the
+   expression. The value of the :token:`~python-grammar:yield_list` of the
    yield expression is the value of the :exc:`StopIteration` exception raised by
    the completing coroutine.  If the asynchronous generator exits without
    yielding another value, the awaitable instead raises a
@@ -741,7 +772,7 @@ which are used to control the execution of a generator function.
 .. coroutinemethod:: agen.asend(value)
 
    Returns an awaitable which when run resumes the execution of the
-   asynchronous generator. As with the :meth:`~generator.send()` method for a
+   asynchronous generator. As with the :meth:`~generator.send` method for a
    generator, this "sends" a value into the asynchronous generator function,
    and the *value* argument becomes the result of the current yield expression.
    The awaitable returned by the :meth:`asend` method will return the next
@@ -861,7 +892,7 @@ will generally select an element from the container. The subscription of a
 :ref:`GenericAlias <types-genericalias>` object.
 
 .. productionlist:: python-grammar
-   subscription: `primary` "[" `expression_list` "]"
+   subscription: `primary` "[" `flexible_expression_list` "]"
 
 When an object is subscripted, the interpreter will evaluate the primary and
 the expression list.
@@ -873,9 +904,13 @@ primary is subscripted, the evaluated result of the expression list will be
 passed to one of these methods. For more details on when ``__class_getitem__``
 is called instead of ``__getitem__``, see :ref:`classgetitem-versus-getitem`.
 
-If the expression list contains at least one comma, it will evaluate to a
-:class:`tuple` containing the items of the expression list. Otherwise, the
-expression list will evaluate to the value of the list's sole member.
+If the expression list contains at least one comma, or if any of the expressions
+are starred, the expression list will evaluate to a :class:`tuple` containing
+the items of the expression list. Otherwise, the expression list will evaluate
+to the value of the list's sole member.
+
+.. versionchanged:: 3.11
+   Expressions in an expression list may be starred. See :pep:`646`.
 
 For built-in objects, there are two types of objects that support subscription
 via :meth:`~object.__getitem__`:
@@ -1330,7 +1365,7 @@ The floor division operation can be customized using the special
 The ``%`` (modulo) operator yields the remainder from the division of the first
 argument by the second.  The numeric arguments are first converted to a common
 type.  A zero right argument raises the :exc:`ZeroDivisionError` exception.  The
-arguments may be floating point numbers, e.g., ``3.14%0.7`` equals ``0.34``
+arguments may be floating-point numbers, e.g., ``3.14%0.7`` equals ``0.34``
 (since ``3.14`` equals ``4*0.7 + 0.34``.)  The modulo operator always yields a
 result with the same sign as its second operand (or zero); the absolute value of
 the result is strictly smaller than the absolute value of the second operand
@@ -1350,8 +1385,8 @@ The *modulo* operation can be customized using the special :meth:`~object.__mod_
 and :meth:`~object.__rmod__` methods.
 
 The floor division operator, the modulo operator, and the :func:`divmod`
-function are not defined for complex numbers.  Instead, convert to a floating
-point number using the :func:`abs` function if appropriate.
+function are not defined for complex numbers.  Instead, convert to a
+floating-point number using the :func:`abs` function if appropriate.
 
 .. index::
    single: addition
@@ -1772,6 +1807,9 @@ returns a boolean value regardless of the type of its argument
    single: assignment expression
    single: walrus operator
    single: named expression
+   pair: assignment; expression
+
+.. _assignment-expressions:
 
 Assignment expressions
 ======================
@@ -1874,10 +1912,12 @@ Expression lists
    single: , (comma); expression list
 
 .. productionlist:: python-grammar
+   starred_expression: ["*"] `or_expr`
+   flexible_expression: `assignment_expression` | `starred_expression`
+   flexible_expression_list: `flexible_expression` ("," `flexible_expression`)* [","]
+   starred_expression_list: `starred_expression` ("," `starred_expression`)* [","]
    expression_list: `expression` ("," `expression`)* [","]
-   starred_list: `starred_item` ("," `starred_item`)* [","]
-   starred_expression: `expression` | (`starred_item` ",")* [`starred_item`]
-   starred_item: `assignment_expression` | "*" `or_expr`
+   yield_list: `expression_list` | `starred_expression` "," [`starred_expression_list`]
 
 .. index:: pair: object; tuple
 
@@ -1898,6 +1938,9 @@ the unpacking.
 .. versionadded:: 3.5
    Iterable unpacking in expression lists, originally proposed by :pep:`448`.
 
+.. versionadded:: 3.11
+   Any item in an expression list may be starred. See :pep:`646`.
+
 .. index:: pair: trailing; comma
 
 A trailing comma is required only to create a one-item tuple,
diff --git a/Doc/reference/import.rst b/Doc/reference/import.rst
index f8c9724114da9e..ac363e8cfa00dc 100644
--- a/Doc/reference/import.rst
+++ b/Doc/reference/import.rst
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ When the named module is not found in :data:`sys.modules`, Python next
 searches :data:`sys.meta_path`, which contains a list of meta path finder
 objects.  These finders are queried in order to see if they know how to handle
 the named module.  Meta path finders must implement a method called
-:meth:`~importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder.find_spec()` which takes three arguments:
+:meth:`~importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder.find_spec` which takes three arguments:
 a name, an import path, and (optionally) a target module.  The meta path
 finder can use any strategy it wants to determine whether it can handle
 the named module or not.
@@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ spec object.  If it cannot handle the named module, it returns ``None``.  If
 a spec, then a :exc:`ModuleNotFoundError` is raised.  Any other exceptions
 raised are simply propagated up, aborting the import process.
 
-The :meth:`~importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder.find_spec()` method of meta path
+The :meth:`~importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder.find_spec` method of meta path
 finders is called with two or three arguments.  The first is the fully
 qualified name of the module being imported, for example ``foo.bar.baz``.
 The second argument is the path entries to use for the module search.  For
@@ -513,8 +513,10 @@ holding is that if you have ``sys.modules['spam']`` and
 ``sys.modules['spam.foo']`` (as you would after the above import), the latter
 must appear as the ``foo`` attribute of the former.
 
-Module spec
------------
+.. _module-specs:
+
+Module specs
+------------
 
 The import machinery uses a variety of information about each module
 during import, especially before loading.  Most of the information is
@@ -527,155 +529,44 @@ and the loader that executes it.  Most importantly, it allows the
 import machinery to perform the boilerplate operations of loading,
 whereas without a module spec the loader had that responsibility.
 
-The module's spec is exposed as the ``__spec__`` attribute on a module object.
+The module's spec is exposed as :attr:`module.__spec__`. Setting
+:attr:`!__spec__` appropriately applies equally to
+:ref:`modules initialized during interpreter startup <programs>`.
+The one exception is ``__main__``, where :attr:`!__spec__` is
+:ref:`set to None in some cases <main_spec>`.
+
 See :class:`~importlib.machinery.ModuleSpec` for details on the contents of
 the module spec.
 
 .. versionadded:: 3.4
 
-.. _import-mod-attrs:
-
-Import-related module attributes
---------------------------------
-
-The import machinery fills in these attributes on each module object
-during loading, based on the module's spec, before the loader executes
-the module.
-
-It is **strongly** recommended that you rely on :attr:`__spec__` and
-its attributes instead of any of the other individual attributes
-listed below.
-
-.. attribute:: __name__
-
-   The ``__name__`` attribute must be set to the fully qualified name of
-   the module.  This name is used to uniquely identify the module in
-   the import system.
-
-.. attribute:: __loader__
-
-   The ``__loader__`` attribute must be set to the loader object that
-   the import machinery used when loading the module.  This is mostly
-   for introspection, but can be used for additional loader-specific
-   functionality, for example getting data associated with a loader.
-
-   It is **strongly** recommended that you rely on :attr:`__spec__`
-   instead of this attribute.
-
-   .. versionchanged:: 3.12
-      The value of ``__loader__`` is expected to be the same as
-      ``__spec__.loader``.  The use of ``__loader__`` is deprecated and slated
-      for removal in Python 3.14.
-
-.. attribute:: __package__
-
-   The module's ``__package__`` attribute may be set.  Its value must
-   be a string, but it can be the same value as its ``__name__``.  When
-   the module is a package, its ``__package__`` value should be set to
-   its ``__name__``.  When the module is not a package, ``__package__``
-   should be set to the empty string for top-level modules, or for
-   submodules, to the parent package's name.  See :pep:`366` for further
-   details.
-
-   This attribute is used instead of ``__name__`` to calculate explicit
-   relative imports for main modules, as defined in :pep:`366`.
-
-   It is **strongly** recommended that you rely on :attr:`__spec__`
-   instead of this attribute.
-
-   .. versionchanged:: 3.6
-      The value of ``__package__`` is expected to be the same as
-      ``__spec__.parent``.
-
-   .. versionchanged:: 3.10
-      :exc:`ImportWarning` is raised if import falls back to
-      ``__package__`` instead of
-      :attr:`~importlib.machinery.ModuleSpec.parent`.
-
-   .. versionchanged:: 3.12
-      Raise :exc:`DeprecationWarning` instead of :exc:`ImportWarning`
-      when falling back to ``__package__``.
-
-
-.. attribute:: __spec__
-
-   The ``__spec__`` attribute must be set to the module spec that was
-   used when importing the module. Setting ``__spec__``
-   appropriately applies equally to :ref:`modules initialized during
-   interpreter startup <programs>`.  The one exception is ``__main__``,
-   where ``__spec__`` is :ref:`set to None in some cases <main_spec>`.
-
-   When ``__spec__.parent`` is not set, ``__package__`` is used as
-   a fallback.
-
-   .. versionadded:: 3.4
-
-   .. versionchanged:: 3.6
-      ``__spec__.parent`` is used as a fallback when ``__package__`` is
-      not defined.
-
-.. attribute:: __path__
-
-   If the module is a package (either regular or namespace), the module
-   object's ``__path__`` attribute must be set.  The value must be
-   iterable, but may be empty if ``__path__`` has no further significance.
-   If ``__path__`` is not empty, it must produce strings when iterated
-   over. More details on the semantics of ``__path__`` are given
-   :ref:`below <package-path-rules>`.
-
-   Non-package modules should not have a ``__path__`` attribute.
-
-.. attribute:: __file__
-.. attribute:: __cached__
-
-   ``__file__`` is optional (if set, value must be a string). It indicates
-   the pathname of the file from which the module was loaded (if
-   loaded from a file), or the pathname of the shared library file
-   for extension modules loaded dynamically from a shared library.
-   It might be missing for certain types of modules, such as C
-   modules that are statically linked into the interpreter, and the
-   import system may opt to leave it unset if it has no semantic
-   meaning (e.g. a module loaded from a database).
-
-   If ``__file__`` is set then the ``__cached__`` attribute might also
-   be set,  which is the path to any compiled version of
-   the code (e.g. byte-compiled file). The file does not need to exist
-   to set this attribute; the path can simply point to where the
-   compiled file would exist (see :pep:`3147`).
-
-   Note that ``__cached__`` may be set even if ``__file__`` is not
-   set.  However, that scenario is quite atypical.  Ultimately, the
-   loader is what makes use of the module spec provided by the finder
-   (from which ``__file__`` and ``__cached__`` are derived).  So
-   if a loader can load from a cached module but otherwise does not load
-   from a file, that atypical scenario may be appropriate.
-
-   It is **strongly** recommended that you rely on :attr:`__spec__`
-   instead of ``__cached__``.
-
 .. _package-path-rules:
 
-module.__path__
----------------
+__path__ attributes on modules
+------------------------------
 
-By definition, if a module has a ``__path__`` attribute, it is a package.
+The :attr:`~module.__path__` attribute should be a (possibly empty)
+:term:`sequence` of strings enumerating the locations where the package's
+submodules will be found. By definition, if a module has a :attr:`!__path__`
+attribute, it is a :term:`package`.
 
-A package's ``__path__`` attribute is used during imports of its subpackages.
+A package's :attr:`~module.__path__` attribute is used during imports of its
+subpackages.
 Within the import machinery, it functions much the same as :data:`sys.path`,
 i.e. providing a list of locations to search for modules during import.
-However, ``__path__`` is typically much more constrained than
-:data:`sys.path`.
+However, :attr:`!__path__` is typically much more constrained than
+:data:`!sys.path`.
 
-``__path__`` must be an iterable of strings, but it may be empty.
 The same rules used for :data:`sys.path` also apply to a package's
-``__path__``, and :data:`sys.path_hooks` (described below) are
-consulted when traversing a package's ``__path__``.
+:attr:`!__path__`. :data:`sys.path_hooks` (described below) are
+consulted when traversing a package's :attr:`!__path__`.
 
-A package's ``__init__.py`` file may set or alter the package's ``__path__``
+A package's ``__init__.py`` file may set or alter the package's
+:attr:`~module.__path__`
 attribute, and this was typically the way namespace packages were implemented
 prior to :pep:`420`.  With the adoption of :pep:`420`, namespace packages no
-longer need to supply ``__init__.py`` files containing only ``__path__``
-manipulation code; the import machinery automatically sets ``__path__``
+longer need to supply ``__init__.py`` files containing only :attr:`!__path__`
+manipulation code; the import machinery automatically sets :attr:`!__path__`
 correctly for the namespace package.
 
 Module reprs
diff --git a/Doc/reference/introduction.rst b/Doc/reference/introduction.rst
index cf186705e6e987..b7b70e6be5a5b7 100644
--- a/Doc/reference/introduction.rst
+++ b/Doc/reference/introduction.rst
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ PyPy
    and a Just in Time compiler. One of the goals of the project is to encourage
    experimentation with the language itself by making it easier to modify the
    interpreter (since it is written in Python).  Additional information is
-   available on `the PyPy project's home page <https://www.pypy.org/>`_.
+   available on `the PyPy project's home page <https://pypy.org/>`_.
 
 Each of these implementations varies in some way from the language as documented
 in this manual, or introduces specific information beyond what's covered in the
diff --git a/Doc/reference/lexical_analysis.rst b/Doc/reference/lexical_analysis.rst
index 41ea89fd234122..f7167032ad7df9 100644
--- a/Doc/reference/lexical_analysis.rst
+++ b/Doc/reference/lexical_analysis.rst
@@ -284,11 +284,10 @@ UAX-31, with elaboration and changes as defined below; see also :pep:`3131` for
 further details.
 
 Within the ASCII range (U+0001..U+007F), the valid characters for identifiers
-are the same as in Python 2.x: the uppercase and lowercase letters ``A`` through
+include the uppercase and lowercase letters ``A`` through
 ``Z``, the underscore ``_`` and, except for the first character, the digits
 ``0`` through ``9``.
-
-Python 3.0 introduces additional characters from outside the ASCII range (see
+Python 3.0 introduced additional characters from outside the ASCII range (see
 :pep:`3131`).  For these characters, the classification uses the version of the
 Unicode Character Database as included in the :mod:`unicodedata` module.
 
@@ -314,7 +313,7 @@ The Unicode category codes mentioned above stand for:
 * *Nd* - decimal numbers
 * *Pc* - connector punctuations
 * *Other_ID_Start* - explicit list of characters in `PropList.txt
-  <https://www.unicode.org/Public/15.1.0/ucd/PropList.txt>`_ to support backwards
+  <https://www.unicode.org/Public/16.0.0/ucd/PropList.txt>`_ to support backwards
   compatibility
 * *Other_ID_Continue* - likewise
 
@@ -322,8 +321,8 @@ All identifiers are converted into the normal form NFKC while parsing; compariso
 of identifiers is based on NFKC.
 
 A non-normative HTML file listing all valid identifier characters for Unicode
-15.1.0 can be found at
-https://www.unicode.org/Public/15.1.0/ucd/DerivedCoreProperties.txt
+16.0.0 can be found at
+https://www.unicode.org/Public/16.0.0/ucd/DerivedCoreProperties.txt
 
 
 .. _keywords:
@@ -503,11 +502,10 @@ must be expressed with escapes.
    single: r"; raw string literal
 
 Both string and bytes literals may optionally be prefixed with a letter ``'r'``
-or ``'R'``; such strings are called :dfn:`raw strings` and treat backslashes as
-literal characters.  As a result, in string literals, ``'\U'`` and ``'\u'``
-escapes in raw strings are not treated specially. Given that Python 2.x's raw
-unicode literals behave differently than Python 3.x's the ``'ur'`` syntax
-is not supported.
+or ``'R'``; such constructs are called :dfn:`raw string literals`
+and :dfn:`raw bytes literals` respectively and treat backslashes as
+literal characters.  As a result, in raw string literals, ``'\U'`` and ``'\u'``
+escapes are not treated specially.
 
 .. versionadded:: 3.3
    The ``'rb'`` prefix of raw bytes literals has been added as a synonym
@@ -879,10 +877,10 @@ Numeric literals
 ----------------
 
 .. index:: number, numeric literal, integer literal
-   floating point literal, hexadecimal literal
+   floating-point literal, hexadecimal literal
    octal literal, binary literal, decimal literal, imaginary literal, complex literal
 
-There are three types of numeric literals: integers, floating point numbers, and
+There are three types of numeric literals: integers, floating-point numbers, and
 imaginary numbers.  There are no complex literals (complex numbers can be formed
 by adding a real number and an imaginary number).
 
@@ -943,10 +941,10 @@ Some examples of integer literals::
    single: _ (underscore); in numeric literal
 .. _floating:
 
-Floating point literals
+Floating-point literals
 -----------------------
 
-Floating point literals are described by the following lexical definitions:
+Floating-point literals are described by the following lexical definitions:
 
 .. productionlist:: python-grammar
    floatnumber: `pointfloat` | `exponentfloat`
@@ -958,10 +956,10 @@ Floating point literals are described by the following lexical definitions:
 
 Note that the integer and exponent parts are always interpreted using radix 10.
 For example, ``077e010`` is legal, and denotes the same number as ``77e10``. The
-allowed range of floating point literals is implementation-dependent.  As in
+allowed range of floating-point literals is implementation-dependent.  As in
 integer literals, underscores are supported for digit grouping.
 
-Some examples of floating point literals::
+Some examples of floating-point literals::
 
    3.14    10.    .001    1e100    3.14e-10    0e0    3.14_15_93
 
@@ -982,9 +980,9 @@ Imaginary literals are described by the following lexical definitions:
    imagnumber: (`floatnumber` | `digitpart`) ("j" | "J")
 
 An imaginary literal yields a complex number with a real part of 0.0.  Complex
-numbers are represented as a pair of floating point numbers and have the same
+numbers are represented as a pair of floating-point numbers and have the same
 restrictions on their range.  To create a complex number with a nonzero real
-part, add a floating point number to it, e.g., ``(3+4j)``.  Some examples of
+part, add a floating-point number to it, e.g., ``(3+4j)``.  Some examples of
 imaginary literals::
 
    3.14j   10.j    10j     .001j   1e100j   3.14e-10j   3.14_15_93j
@@ -1019,9 +1017,9 @@ The following tokens serve as delimiters in the grammar:
 .. code-block:: none
 
    (       )       [       ]       {       }
-   ,       :       .       ;       @       =       ->
-   +=      -=      *=      /=      //=     %=      @=
-   &=      |=      ^=      >>=     <<=     **=
+   ,       :       !       .       ;       @       =
+   ->      +=      -=      *=      /=      //=     %=
+   @=      &=      |=      ^=      >>=     <<=     **=
 
 The period can also occur in floating-point and imaginary literals.  A sequence
 of three periods has a special meaning as an ellipsis literal. The second half
@@ -1045,4 +1043,4 @@ occurrence outside string literals and comments is an unconditional error:
 
 .. rubric:: Footnotes
 
-.. [#] https://www.unicode.org/Public/15.1.0/ucd/NameAliases.txt
+.. [#] https://www.unicode.org/Public/16.0.0/ucd/NameAliases.txt
diff --git a/Doc/reference/simple_stmts.rst b/Doc/reference/simple_stmts.rst
index a253482156d3b4..24df4a6ba7b678 100644
--- a/Doc/reference/simple_stmts.rst
+++ b/Doc/reference/simple_stmts.rst
@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ statements, cannot be an unpacking) and the expression list, performs the binary
 operation specific to the type of assignment on the two operands, and assigns
 the result to the original target.  The target is only evaluated once.
 
-An augmented assignment expression like ``x += 1`` can be rewritten as ``x = x +
+An augmented assignment statement like ``x += 1`` can be rewritten as ``x = x +
 1`` to achieve a similar, but not exactly equal effect. In the augmented
 version, ``x`` is only evaluated once. Also, when possible, the actual operation
 is performed *in-place*, meaning that rather than creating a new object and
@@ -333,23 +333,24 @@ statement, of a variable or attribute annotation and an optional assignment stat
 
 The difference from normal :ref:`assignment` is that only a single target is allowed.
 
-For simple names as assignment targets, if in class or module scope,
-the annotations are evaluated and stored in a special class or module
-attribute :attr:`__annotations__`
-that is a dictionary mapping from variable names (mangled if private) to
-evaluated annotations. This attribute is writable and is automatically
-created at the start of class or module body execution, if annotations
-are found statically.
+The assignment target is considered "simple" if it consists of a single
+name that is not enclosed in parentheses.
+For simple assignment targets, if in class or module scope,
+the annotations are gathered in a lazily evaluated
+:ref:`annotation scope <annotation-scopes>`. The annotations can be
+evaluated using the :attr:`~object.__annotations__` attribute of a
+class or module, or using the facilities in the :mod:`annotationlib`
+module.
 
-For expressions as assignment targets, the annotations are evaluated if
-in class or module scope, but not stored.
+If the assignment target is not simple (an attribute, subscript node, or
+parenthesized name), the annotation is never evaluated.
 
 If a name is annotated in a function scope, then this name is local for
 that scope. Annotations are never evaluated and stored in function scopes.
 
 If the right hand side is present, an annotated
-assignment performs the actual assignment before evaluating annotations
-(where applicable). If the right hand side is not present for an expression
+assignment performs the actual assignment as if there was no annotation
+present. If the right hand side is not present for an expression
 target, then the interpreter evaluates the target except for the last
 :meth:`~object.__setitem__` or :meth:`~object.__setattr__` call.
 
@@ -370,6 +371,10 @@ target, then the interpreter evaluates the target except for the last
    regular assignments. Previously, some expressions (like un-parenthesized
    tuple expressions) caused a syntax error.
 
+.. versionchanged:: 3.14
+   Annotations are now lazily evaluated in a separate :ref:`annotation scope <annotation-scopes>`.
+   If the assignment target is not simple, annotations are never evaluated.
+
 
 .. _assert:
 
@@ -972,8 +977,8 @@ block textually preceding that :keyword:`!global` statement.
 
 Names listed in a :keyword:`global` statement must not be defined as formal
 parameters, or as targets in :keyword:`with` statements or :keyword:`except` clauses, or in a :keyword:`for` target list, :keyword:`class`
-definition, function definition, :keyword:`import` statement, or variable
-annotation.
+definition, function definition, :keyword:`import` statement, or
+:term:`variable annotations <variable annotation>`.
 
 .. impl-detail::
 
diff --git a/Doc/requirements-oldest-sphinx.txt b/Doc/requirements-oldest-sphinx.txt
index 3ae65bc944da26..3483faea6b56cb 100644
--- a/Doc/requirements-oldest-sphinx.txt
+++ b/Doc/requirements-oldest-sphinx.txt
@@ -7,29 +7,29 @@ blurb
 python-docs-theme>=2022.1
 
 # Generated from:
-#     pip install "Sphinx~=6.2.1"
+#     pip install "Sphinx~=7.2.6"
 #     pip freeze
 #
-# Sphinx 6.2.1 comes from ``needs_sphinx = '6.2.1'`` in ``Doc/conf.py``.
+# Sphinx 7.2.6 comes from ``needs_sphinx = '7.2.6'`` in ``Doc/conf.py``.
 
 alabaster==0.7.16
-Babel==2.15.0
-certifi==2024.2.2
-charset-normalizer==3.3.2
-docutils==0.19
-idna==3.7
+Babel==2.16.0
+certifi==2024.8.30
+charset-normalizer==3.4.0
+docutils==0.20.1
+idna==3.10
 imagesize==1.4.1
 Jinja2==3.1.4
-MarkupSafe==2.1.5
-packaging==24.0
+MarkupSafe==3.0.1
+packaging==24.1
 Pygments==2.18.0
-requests==2.32.2
+requests==2.32.3
 snowballstemmer==2.2.0
-Sphinx==6.2.1
-sphinxcontrib-applehelp==1.0.8
-sphinxcontrib-devhelp==1.0.6
-sphinxcontrib-htmlhelp==2.0.5
+Sphinx==7.2.6
+sphinxcontrib-applehelp==2.0.0
+sphinxcontrib-devhelp==2.0.0
+sphinxcontrib-htmlhelp==2.1.0
 sphinxcontrib-jsmath==1.0.1
-sphinxcontrib-qthelp==1.0.7
-sphinxcontrib-serializinghtml==1.1.10
-urllib3==2.2.1
+sphinxcontrib-qthelp==2.0.0
+sphinxcontrib-serializinghtml==2.0.0
+urllib3==2.2.3
diff --git a/Doc/requirements.txt b/Doc/requirements.txt
index b47a9d8a8635ab..5105786ccf283c 100644
--- a/Doc/requirements.txt
+++ b/Doc/requirements.txt
@@ -6,12 +6,12 @@
 # Sphinx version is pinned so that new versions that introduce new warnings
 # won't suddenly cause build failures. Updating the version is fine as long
 # as no warnings are raised by doing so.
-sphinx~=7.3.0
+sphinx~=8.1.0
 
 blurb
 
-sphinxext-opengraph==0.7.5
-sphinx-notfound-page==1.0.0
+sphinxext-opengraph~=0.9.0
+sphinx-notfound-page~=1.0.0
 
 # The theme used by the documentation is stored separately, so we need
 # to install that as well.
diff --git a/Doc/tools/.nitignore b/Doc/tools/.nitignore
index 4790136a75cba9..66914f79f3d4ec 100644
--- a/Doc/tools/.nitignore
+++ b/Doc/tools/.nitignore
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ Doc/howto/descriptor.rst
 Doc/howto/enum.rst
 Doc/library/ast.rst
 Doc/library/asyncio-extending.rst
-Doc/library/asyncio-policy.rst
 Doc/library/asyncio-subprocess.rst
 Doc/library/collections.rst
 Doc/library/dbm.rst
diff --git a/Doc/tools/check-warnings.py b/Doc/tools/check-warnings.py
index c50b00636c36ce..c686eecf8d9271 100644
--- a/Doc/tools/check-warnings.py
+++ b/Doc/tools/check-warnings.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 """
 Check the output of running Sphinx in nit-picky mode (missing references).
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import argparse
@@ -14,7 +15,7 @@
 from typing import TextIO
 
 # Fail if NEWS nit found before this line number
-NEWS_NIT_THRESHOLD = 200
+NEWS_NIT_THRESHOLD = 1700
 
 # Exclude these whether they're dirty or clean,
 # because they trigger a rebuild of dirty files.
@@ -206,7 +207,9 @@ def annotate_diff(
 
 
 def fail_if_regression(
-    warnings: list[str], files_with_expected_nits: set[str], files_with_nits: set[str]
+    warnings: list[str],
+    files_with_expected_nits: set[str],
+    files_with_nits: set[str],
 ) -> int:
     """
     Ensure some files always pass Sphinx nit-picky mode (no missing references).
@@ -252,17 +255,11 @@ def fail_if_new_news_nit(warnings: list[str], threshold: int) -> int:
     """
     Ensure no warnings are found in the NEWS file before a given line number.
     """
-    news_nits = (
-        warning
-        for warning in warnings
-        if "/build/NEWS:" in warning
-    )
+    news_nits = (warning for warning in warnings if "/build/NEWS:" in warning)
 
     # Nits found before the threshold line
     new_news_nits = [
-        nit
-        for nit in news_nits
-        if int(nit.split(":")[1]) <= threshold
+        nit for nit in news_nits if int(nit.split(":")[1]) <= threshold
     ]
 
     if new_news_nits:
@@ -311,7 +308,8 @@ def main(argv: list[str] | None = None) -> int:
     exit_code = 0
 
     wrong_directory_msg = "Must run this script from the repo root"
-    assert Path("Doc").exists() and Path("Doc").is_dir(), wrong_directory_msg
+    if not Path("Doc").exists() or not Path("Doc").is_dir():
+        raise RuntimeError(wrong_directory_msg)
 
     with Path("Doc/sphinx-warnings.txt").open(encoding="UTF-8") as f:
         warnings = f.read().splitlines()
@@ -339,7 +337,9 @@ def main(argv: list[str] | None = None) -> int:
         )
 
     if args.fail_if_improved:
-        exit_code += fail_if_improved(files_with_expected_nits, files_with_nits)
+        exit_code += fail_if_improved(
+            files_with_expected_nits, files_with_nits
+        )
 
     if args.fail_if_new_news_nit:
         exit_code += fail_if_new_news_nit(warnings, args.fail_if_new_news_nit)
diff --git a/Doc/tools/extensions/audit_events.py b/Doc/tools/extensions/audit_events.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..23d82c0f4414bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Doc/tools/extensions/audit_events.py
@@ -0,0 +1,264 @@
+"""Support for documenting audit events."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import re
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+from docutils import nodes
+from sphinx.errors import NoUri
+from sphinx.locale import _ as sphinx_gettext
+from sphinx.transforms.post_transforms import SphinxPostTransform
+from sphinx.util import logging
+from sphinx.util.docutils import SphinxDirective
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from collections.abc import Iterator
+
+    from sphinx.application import Sphinx
+    from sphinx.builders import Builder
+    from sphinx.environment import BuildEnvironment
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+# This list of sets are allowable synonyms for event argument names.
+# If two names are in the same set, they are treated as equal for the
+# purposes of warning. This won't help if the number of arguments is
+# different!
+_SYNONYMS = [
+    frozenset({"file", "path", "fd"}),
+]
+
+
+class AuditEvents:
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.events: dict[str, list[str]] = {}
+        self.sources: dict[str, list[tuple[str, str]]] = {}
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[tuple[str, list[str], tuple[str, str]]]:
+        for name, args in self.events.items():
+            for source in self.sources[name]:
+                yield name, args, source
+
+    def add_event(
+        self, name, args: list[str], source: tuple[str, str]
+    ) -> None:
+        if name in self.events:
+            self._check_args_match(name, args)
+        else:
+            self.events[name] = args
+        self.sources.setdefault(name, []).append(source)
+
+    def _check_args_match(self, name: str, args: list[str]) -> None:
+        current_args = self.events[name]
+        msg = (
+            f"Mismatched arguments for audit-event {name}: "
+            f"{current_args!r} != {args!r}"
+        )
+        if current_args == args:
+            return
+        if len(current_args) != len(args):
+            logger.warning(msg)
+            return
+        for a1, a2 in zip(current_args, args, strict=False):
+            if a1 == a2:
+                continue
+            if any(a1 in s and a2 in s for s in _SYNONYMS):
+                continue
+            logger.warning(msg)
+            return
+
+    def id_for(self, name) -> str:
+        source_count = len(self.sources.get(name, ()))
+        name_clean = re.sub(r"\W", "_", name)
+        return f"audit_event_{name_clean}_{source_count}"
+
+    def rows(self) -> Iterator[tuple[str, list[str], list[tuple[str, str]]]]:
+        for name in sorted(self.events.keys()):
+            yield name, self.events[name], self.sources[name]
+
+
+def initialise_audit_events(app: Sphinx) -> None:
+    """Initialise the audit_events attribute on the environment."""
+    if not hasattr(app.env, "audit_events"):
+        app.env.audit_events = AuditEvents()
+
+
+def audit_events_purge(
+    app: Sphinx, env: BuildEnvironment, docname: str
+) -> None:
+    """This is to remove traces of removed documents from env.audit_events."""
+    fresh_audit_events = AuditEvents()
+    for name, args, (doc, target) in env.audit_events:
+        if doc != docname:
+            fresh_audit_events.add_event(name, args, (doc, target))
+
+
+def audit_events_merge(
+    app: Sphinx,
+    env: BuildEnvironment,
+    docnames: list[str],
+    other: BuildEnvironment,
+) -> None:
+    """In Sphinx parallel builds, this merges audit_events from subprocesses."""
+    for name, args, source in other.audit_events:
+        env.audit_events.add_event(name, args, source)
+
+
+class AuditEvent(SphinxDirective):
+    has_content = True
+    required_arguments = 1
+    optional_arguments = 2
+    final_argument_whitespace = True
+
+    _label = [
+        sphinx_gettext(
+            "Raises an :ref:`auditing event <auditing>` "
+            "{name} with no arguments."
+        ),
+        sphinx_gettext(
+            "Raises an :ref:`auditing event <auditing>` "
+            "{name} with argument {args}."
+        ),
+        sphinx_gettext(
+            "Raises an :ref:`auditing event <auditing>` "
+            "{name} with arguments {args}."
+        ),
+    ]
+
+    def run(self) -> list[nodes.paragraph]:
+        name = self.arguments[0]
+        if len(self.arguments) >= 2 and self.arguments[1]:
+            args = [
+                arg
+                for argument in self.arguments[1].strip("'\"").split(",")
+                if (arg := argument.strip())
+            ]
+        else:
+            args = []
+        ids = []
+        try:
+            target = self.arguments[2].strip("\"'")
+        except (IndexError, TypeError):
+            target = None
+        if not target:
+            target = self.env.audit_events.id_for(name)
+            ids.append(target)
+        self.env.audit_events.add_event(name, args, (self.env.docname, target))
+
+        node = nodes.paragraph("", classes=["audit-hook"], ids=ids)
+        self.set_source_info(node)
+        if self.content:
+            node.rawsource = '\n'.join(self.content)  # for gettext
+            self.state.nested_parse(self.content, self.content_offset, node)
+        else:
+            num_args = min(2, len(args))
+            text = self._label[num_args].format(
+                name=f"``{name}``",
+                args=", ".join(f"``{a}``" for a in args),
+            )
+            node.rawsource = text  # for gettext
+            parsed, messages = self.state.inline_text(text, self.lineno)
+            node += parsed
+            node += messages
+        return [node]
+
+
+class audit_event_list(nodes.General, nodes.Element):  # noqa: N801
+    pass
+
+
+class AuditEventListDirective(SphinxDirective):
+    def run(self) -> list[audit_event_list]:
+        return [audit_event_list()]
+
+
+class AuditEventListTransform(SphinxPostTransform):
+    default_priority = 500
+
+    def run(self) -> None:
+        if self.document.next_node(audit_event_list) is None:
+            return
+
+        table = self._make_table(self.app.builder, self.env.docname)
+        for node in self.document.findall(audit_event_list):
+            node.replace_self(table)
+
+    def _make_table(self, builder: Builder, docname: str) -> nodes.table:
+        table = nodes.table(cols=3)
+        group = nodes.tgroup(
+            "",
+            nodes.colspec(colwidth=30),
+            nodes.colspec(colwidth=55),
+            nodes.colspec(colwidth=15),
+            cols=3,
+        )
+        head = nodes.thead()
+        body = nodes.tbody()
+
+        table += group
+        group += head
+        group += body
+
+        head += nodes.row(
+            "",
+            nodes.entry("", nodes.paragraph("", "Audit event")),
+            nodes.entry("", nodes.paragraph("", "Arguments")),
+            nodes.entry("", nodes.paragraph("", "References")),
+        )
+
+        for name, args, sources in builder.env.audit_events.rows():
+            body += self._make_row(builder, docname, name, args, sources)
+
+        return table
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _make_row(
+        builder: Builder,
+        docname: str,
+        name: str,
+        args: list[str],
+        sources: list[tuple[str, str]],
+    ) -> nodes.row:
+        row = nodes.row()
+        name_node = nodes.paragraph("", nodes.Text(name))
+        row += nodes.entry("", name_node)
+
+        args_node = nodes.paragraph()
+        for arg in args:
+            args_node += nodes.literal(arg, arg)
+            args_node += nodes.Text(", ")
+        if len(args_node.children) > 0:
+            args_node.children.pop()  # remove trailing comma
+        row += nodes.entry("", args_node)
+
+        backlinks_node = nodes.paragraph()
+        backlinks = enumerate(sorted(set(sources)), start=1)
+        for i, (doc, label) in backlinks:
+            if isinstance(label, str):
+                ref = nodes.reference("", f"[{i}]", internal=True)
+                try:
+                    target = (
+                        f"{builder.get_relative_uri(docname, doc)}#{label}"
+                    )
+                except NoUri:
+                    continue
+                else:
+                    ref["refuri"] = target
+                    backlinks_node += ref
+        row += nodes.entry("", backlinks_node)
+        return row
+
+
+def setup(app: Sphinx):
+    app.add_directive("audit-event", AuditEvent)
+    app.add_directive("audit-event-table", AuditEventListDirective)
+    app.add_post_transform(AuditEventListTransform)
+    app.connect("builder-inited", initialise_audit_events)
+    app.connect("env-purge-doc", audit_events_purge)
+    app.connect("env-merge-info", audit_events_merge)
+    return {
+        "version": "1.0",
+        "parallel_read_safe": True,
+        "parallel_write_safe": True,
+    }
diff --git a/Doc/tools/extensions/availability.py b/Doc/tools/extensions/availability.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..47833fdcb87590
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Doc/tools/extensions/availability.py
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+"""Support for documenting platform availability"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+from docutils import nodes
+from sphinx import addnodes
+from sphinx.util import logging
+from sphinx.util.docutils import SphinxDirective
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from sphinx.application import Sphinx
+    from sphinx.util.typing import ExtensionMetadata
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("availability")
+
+# known platform, libc, and threading implementations
+_PLATFORMS = frozenset({
+    "AIX",
+    "Android",
+    "BSD",
+    "DragonFlyBSD",
+    "Emscripten",
+    "FreeBSD",
+    "GNU/kFreeBSD",
+    "iOS",
+    "Linux",
+    "macOS",
+    "NetBSD",
+    "OpenBSD",
+    "POSIX",
+    "Solaris",
+    "Unix",
+    "VxWorks",
+    "WASI",
+    "Windows",
+})
+_LIBC = frozenset({
+    "BSD libc",
+    "glibc",
+    "musl",
+})
+_THREADING = frozenset({
+    # POSIX platforms with pthreads
+    "pthreads",
+})
+KNOWN_PLATFORMS = _PLATFORMS | _LIBC | _THREADING
+
+
+class Availability(SphinxDirective):
+    has_content = True
+    required_arguments = 1
+    optional_arguments = 0
+    final_argument_whitespace = True
+
+    def run(self) -> list[nodes.container]:
+        title = "Availability"
+        refnode = addnodes.pending_xref(
+            title,
+            nodes.inline(title, title, classes=["xref", "std", "std-ref"]),
+            refdoc=self.env.docname,
+            refdomain="std",
+            refexplicit=True,
+            reftarget="availability",
+            reftype="ref",
+            refwarn=True,
+        )
+        sep = nodes.Text(": ")
+        parsed, msgs = self.state.inline_text(self.arguments[0], self.lineno)
+        pnode = nodes.paragraph(title, "", refnode, sep, *parsed, *msgs)
+        self.set_source_info(pnode)
+        cnode = nodes.container("", pnode, classes=["availability"])
+        self.set_source_info(cnode)
+        if self.content:
+            self.state.nested_parse(self.content, self.content_offset, cnode)
+        self.parse_platforms()
+
+        return [cnode]
+
+    def parse_platforms(self) -> dict[str, str | bool]:
+        """Parse platform information from arguments
+
+        Arguments is a comma-separated string of platforms. A platform may
+        be prefixed with "not " to indicate that a feature is not available.
+
+        Example::
+
+           .. availability:: Windows, Linux >= 4.2, not WASI
+
+        Arguments like "Linux >= 3.17 with glibc >= 2.27" are currently not
+        parsed into separate tokens.
+        """
+        platforms = {}
+        for arg in self.arguments[0].rstrip(".").split(","):
+            arg = arg.strip()
+            platform, _, version = arg.partition(" >= ")
+            if platform.startswith("not "):
+                version = False
+                platform = platform.removeprefix("not ")
+            elif not version:
+                version = True
+            platforms[platform] = version
+
+        if unknown := set(platforms).difference(KNOWN_PLATFORMS):
+            logger.warning(
+                "Unknown platform%s or syntax '%s' in '.. availability:: %s', "
+                "see %s:KNOWN_PLATFORMS for a set of known platforms.",
+                "s" if len(platforms) != 1 else "",
+                " ".join(sorted(unknown)),
+                self.arguments[0],
+                __file__,
+            )
+
+        return platforms
+
+
+def setup(app: Sphinx) -> ExtensionMetadata:
+    app.add_directive("availability", Availability)
+
+    return {
+        "version": "1.0",
+        "parallel_read_safe": True,
+        "parallel_write_safe": True,
+    }
diff --git a/Doc/tools/extensions/c_annotations.py b/Doc/tools/extensions/c_annotations.py
index 7916b178f1c0f1..50065d34a2c27a 100644
--- a/Doc/tools/extensions/c_annotations.py
+++ b/Doc/tools/extensions/c_annotations.py
@@ -1,226 +1,302 @@
-"""
-    c_annotations.py
-    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-    Supports annotations for C API elements:
+"""Support annotations for C API elements.
 
-    * reference count annotations for C API functions.  Based on
-      refcount.py and anno-api.py in the old Python documentation tools.
+* Reference count annotations for C API functions.
+* Stable ABI annotations
+* Limited API annotations
 
-    * stable API annotations
+Configuration:
+* Set ``refcount_file`` to the path to the reference count data file.
+* Set ``stable_abi_file`` to the path to stable ABI list.
+"""
 
-    Usage:
-    * Set the `refcount_file` config value to the path to the reference
-    count data file.
-    * Set the `stable_abi_file` config value to the path to stable ABI list.
+from __future__ import annotations
 
-    :copyright: Copyright 2007-2014 by Georg Brandl.
-    :license: Python license.
-"""
+import csv
+import dataclasses
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 
-from os import path
+import sphinx
 from docutils import nodes
-from docutils.parsers.rst import directives
-from docutils.parsers.rst import Directive
 from docutils.statemachine import StringList
-from sphinx.locale import _ as sphinx_gettext
-import csv
-
 from sphinx import addnodes
-from sphinx.domains.c import CObject
+from sphinx.locale import _ as sphinx_gettext
+from sphinx.util.docutils import SphinxDirective
 
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from sphinx.application import Sphinx
+    from sphinx.util.typing import ExtensionMetadata
 
-REST_ROLE_MAP = {
-    'function': 'func',
-    'macro': 'macro',
-    'member': 'member',
-    'type': 'type',
-    'var': 'data',
+ROLE_TO_OBJECT_TYPE = {
+    "func": "function",
+    "macro": "macro",
+    "member": "member",
+    "type": "type",
+    "data": "var",
 }
 
 
-class RCEntry:
-    def __init__(self, name):
-        self.name = name
-        self.args = []
-        self.result_type = ''
-        self.result_refs = None
-
-
-class Annotations:
-    def __init__(self, refcount_filename, stable_abi_file):
-        self.refcount_data = {}
-        with open(refcount_filename, encoding='utf8') as fp:
-            for line in fp:
-                line = line.strip()
-                if line[:1] in ("", "#"):
-                    # blank lines and comments
-                    continue
-                parts = line.split(":", 4)
-                if len(parts) != 5:
-                    raise ValueError(f"Wrong field count in {line!r}")
-                function, type, arg, refcount, comment = parts
-                # Get the entry, creating it if needed:
-                try:
-                    entry = self.refcount_data[function]
-                except KeyError:
-                    entry = self.refcount_data[function] = RCEntry(function)
-                if not refcount or refcount == "null":
-                    refcount = None
-                else:
-                    refcount = int(refcount)
-                # Update the entry with the new parameter or the result
-                # information.
-                if arg:
-                    entry.args.append((arg, type, refcount))
-                else:
-                    entry.result_type = type
-                    entry.result_refs = refcount
-
-        self.stable_abi_data = {}
-        with open(stable_abi_file, encoding='utf8') as fp:
-            for record in csv.DictReader(fp):
-                name = record['name']
-                self.stable_abi_data[name] = record
-
-    def add_annotations(self, app, doctree):
-        for node in doctree.findall(addnodes.desc_content):
-            par = node.parent
-            if par['domain'] != 'c':
-                continue
-            if not par[0].has_key('ids') or not par[0]['ids']:
-                continue
-            name = par[0]['ids'][0]
-            if name.startswith("c."):
-                name = name[2:]
-
-            objtype = par['objtype']
-
-            # Stable ABI annotation. These have two forms:
-            #   Part of the [Stable ABI](link).
-            #   Part of the [Stable ABI](link) since version X.Y.
-            # For structs, there's some more info in the message:
-            #   Part of the [Limited API](link) (as an opaque struct).
-            #   Part of the [Stable ABI](link) (including all members).
-            #   Part of the [Limited API](link) (Only some members are part
-            #       of the stable ABI.).
-            # ... all of which can have "since version X.Y" appended.
-            record = self.stable_abi_data.get(name)
-            if record:
-                if record['role'] != objtype:
-                    raise ValueError(
-                        f"Object type mismatch in limited API annotation "
-                        f"for {name}: {record['role']!r} != {objtype!r}")
-                stable_added = record['added']
-                message = sphinx_gettext('Part of the')
-                message = message.center(len(message) + 2)
-                emph_node = nodes.emphasis(message, message,
-                                           classes=['stableabi'])
-                ref_node = addnodes.pending_xref(
-                    'Stable ABI', refdomain="std", reftarget='stable',
-                    reftype='ref', refexplicit="False")
-                struct_abi_kind = record['struct_abi_kind']
-                if struct_abi_kind in {'opaque', 'members'}:
-                    ref_node += nodes.Text(sphinx_gettext('Limited API'))
-                else:
-                    ref_node += nodes.Text(sphinx_gettext('Stable ABI'))
-                emph_node += ref_node
-                if struct_abi_kind == 'opaque':
-                    emph_node += nodes.Text(' ' + sphinx_gettext('(as an opaque struct)'))
-                elif struct_abi_kind == 'full-abi':
-                    emph_node += nodes.Text(' ' + sphinx_gettext('(including all members)'))
-                if record['ifdef_note']:
-                    emph_node += nodes.Text(' ' + record['ifdef_note'])
-                if stable_added == '3.2':
-                    # Stable ABI was introduced in 3.2.
-                    pass
-                else:
-                    emph_node += nodes.Text(' ' + sphinx_gettext('since version %s') % stable_added)
-                emph_node += nodes.Text('.')
-                if struct_abi_kind == 'members':
-                    emph_node += nodes.Text(
-                        ' ' + sphinx_gettext('(Only some members are part of the stable ABI.)'))
-                node.insert(0, emph_node)
-
-            # Unstable API annotation.
-            if name.startswith('PyUnstable'):
-                warn_node = nodes.admonition(
-                    classes=['unstable-c-api', 'warning'])
-                message = sphinx_gettext('This is') + ' '
-                emph_node = nodes.emphasis(message, message)
-                ref_node = addnodes.pending_xref(
-                    'Unstable API', refdomain="std",
-                    reftarget='unstable-c-api',
-                    reftype='ref', refexplicit="False")
-                ref_node += nodes.Text(sphinx_gettext('Unstable API'))
-                emph_node += ref_node
-                emph_node += nodes.Text(sphinx_gettext('. It may change without warning in minor releases.'))
-                warn_node += emph_node
-                node.insert(0, warn_node)
-
-            # Return value annotation
-            if objtype != 'function':
-                continue
-            entry = self.refcount_data.get(name)
-            if not entry:
-                continue
-            elif not entry.result_type.endswith("Object*"):
-                continue
-            classes = ['refcount']
-            if entry.result_refs is None:
-                rc = sphinx_gettext('Return value: Always NULL.')
-                classes.append('return_null')
-            elif entry.result_refs:
-                rc = sphinx_gettext('Return value: New reference.')
-                classes.append('return_new_ref')
-            else:
-                rc = sphinx_gettext('Return value: Borrowed reference.')
-                classes.append('return_borrowed_ref')
-            node.insert(0, nodes.emphasis(rc, rc, classes=classes))
-
-
-def init_annotations(app):
-    annotations = Annotations(
-        path.join(app.srcdir, app.config.refcount_file),
-        path.join(app.srcdir, app.config.stable_abi_file),
+@dataclasses.dataclass(slots=True)
+class RefCountEntry:
+    # Name of the function.
+    name: str
+    # List of (argument name, type, refcount effect) tuples.
+    # (Currently not used. If it was, a dataclass might work better.)
+    args: list = dataclasses.field(default_factory=list)
+    # Return type of the function.
+    result_type: str = ""
+    # Reference count effect for the return value.
+    result_refs: int | None = None
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True, slots=True)
+class StableABIEntry:
+    # Role of the object.
+    # Source: Each [item_kind] in stable_abi.toml is mapped to a C Domain role.
+    role: str
+    # Name of the object.
+    # Source: [<item_kind>.*] in stable_abi.toml.
+    name: str
+    # Version when the object was added to the stable ABI.
+    # (Source: [<item_kind>.*.added] in stable_abi.toml.
+    added: str
+    # An explananatory blurb for the ifdef.
+    # Source: ``feature_macro.*.doc`` in stable_abi.toml.
+    ifdef_note: str
+    # Defines how much of the struct is exposed. Only relevant for structs.
+    # Source: [<item_kind>.*.struct_abi_kind] in stable_abi.toml.
+    struct_abi_kind: str
+
+
+def read_refcount_data(refcount_filename: Path) -> dict[str, RefCountEntry]:
+    refcount_data = {}
+    refcounts = refcount_filename.read_text(encoding="utf8")
+    for line in refcounts.splitlines():
+        line = line.strip()
+        if not line or line.startswith("#"):
+            # blank lines and comments
+            continue
+
+        # Each line is of the form
+        # function ':' type ':' [param name] ':' [refcount effect] ':' [comment]
+        parts = line.split(":", 4)
+        if len(parts) != 5:
+            raise ValueError(f"Wrong field count in {line!r}")
+        function, type, arg, refcount, _comment = parts
+
+        # Get the entry, creating it if needed:
+        try:
+            entry = refcount_data[function]
+        except KeyError:
+            entry = refcount_data[function] = RefCountEntry(function)
+        if not refcount or refcount == "null":
+            refcount = None
+        else:
+            refcount = int(refcount)
+        # Update the entry with the new parameter
+        # or the result information.
+        if arg:
+            entry.args.append((arg, type, refcount))
+        else:
+            entry.result_type = type
+            entry.result_refs = refcount
+
+    return refcount_data
+
+
+def read_stable_abi_data(stable_abi_file: Path) -> dict[str, StableABIEntry]:
+    stable_abi_data = {}
+    with open(stable_abi_file, encoding="utf8") as fp:
+        for record in csv.DictReader(fp):
+            name = record["name"]
+            stable_abi_data[name] = StableABIEntry(**record)
+
+    return stable_abi_data
+
+
+def add_annotations(app: Sphinx, doctree: nodes.document) -> None:
+    state = app.env.domaindata["c_annotations"]
+    refcount_data = state["refcount_data"]
+    stable_abi_data = state["stable_abi_data"]
+    for node in doctree.findall(addnodes.desc_content):
+        par = node.parent
+        if par["domain"] != "c":
+            continue
+        if not par[0].get("ids", None):
+            continue
+        name = par[0]["ids"][0].removeprefix("c.")
+        objtype = par["objtype"]
+
+        # Stable ABI annotation.
+        if record := stable_abi_data.get(name):
+            if ROLE_TO_OBJECT_TYPE[record.role] != objtype:
+                msg = (
+                    f"Object type mismatch in limited API annotation for {name}: "
+                    f"{ROLE_TO_OBJECT_TYPE[record.role]!r} != {objtype!r}"
+                )
+                raise ValueError(msg)
+            annotation = _stable_abi_annotation(record)
+            node.insert(0, annotation)
+
+        # Unstable API annotation.
+        if name.startswith("PyUnstable"):
+            annotation = _unstable_api_annotation()
+            node.insert(0, annotation)
+
+        # Return value annotation
+        if objtype != "function":
+            continue
+        if name not in refcount_data:
+            continue
+        entry = refcount_data[name]
+        if not entry.result_type.endswith("Object*"):
+            continue
+        annotation = _return_value_annotation(entry.result_refs)
+        node.insert(0, annotation)
+
+
+def _stable_abi_annotation(record: StableABIEntry) -> nodes.emphasis:
+    """Create the Stable ABI annotation.
+
+    These have two forms:
+      Part of the `Stable ABI <link>`_.
+      Part of the `Stable ABI <link>`_ since version X.Y.
+    For structs, there's some more info in the message:
+      Part of the `Limited API <link>`_ (as an opaque struct).
+      Part of the `Stable ABI <link>`_ (including all members).
+      Part of the `Limited API <link>`_ (Only some members are part
+          of the stable ABI.).
+    ... all of which can have "since version X.Y" appended.
+    """
+    stable_added = record.added
+    message = sphinx_gettext("Part of the")
+    message = message.center(len(message) + 2)
+    emph_node = nodes.emphasis(message, message, classes=["stableabi"])
+    ref_node = addnodes.pending_xref(
+        "Stable ABI",
+        refdomain="std",
+        reftarget="stable",
+        reftype="ref",
+        refexplicit="False",
     )
-    app.connect('doctree-read', annotations.add_annotations)
+    struct_abi_kind = record.struct_abi_kind
+    if struct_abi_kind in {"opaque", "members"}:
+        ref_node += nodes.Text(sphinx_gettext("Limited API"))
+    else:
+        ref_node += nodes.Text(sphinx_gettext("Stable ABI"))
+    emph_node += ref_node
+    if struct_abi_kind == "opaque":
+        emph_node += nodes.Text(" " + sphinx_gettext("(as an opaque struct)"))
+    elif struct_abi_kind == "full-abi":
+        emph_node += nodes.Text(
+            " " + sphinx_gettext("(including all members)")
+        )
+    if record.ifdef_note:
+        emph_node += nodes.Text(f" {record.ifdef_note}")
+    if stable_added == "3.2":
+        # Stable ABI was introduced in 3.2.
+        pass
+    else:
+        emph_node += nodes.Text(
+            " " + sphinx_gettext("since version %s") % stable_added
+        )
+    emph_node += nodes.Text(".")
+    if struct_abi_kind == "members":
+        msg = " " + sphinx_gettext(
+            "(Only some members are part of the stable ABI.)"
+        )
+        emph_node += nodes.Text(msg)
+    return emph_node
 
-    class LimitedAPIList(Directive):
 
-        has_content = False
-        required_arguments = 0
-        optional_arguments = 0
-        final_argument_whitespace = True
+def _unstable_api_annotation() -> nodes.admonition:
+    ref_node = addnodes.pending_xref(
+        "Unstable API",
+        nodes.Text(sphinx_gettext("Unstable API")),
+        refdomain="std",
+        reftarget="unstable-c-api",
+        reftype="ref",
+        refexplicit="False",
+    )
+    emph_node = nodes.emphasis(
+        "This is ",
+        sphinx_gettext("This is") + " ",
+        ref_node,
+        nodes.Text(
+            sphinx_gettext(
+                ". It may change without warning in minor releases."
+            )
+        ),
+    )
+    return nodes.admonition(
+        "",
+        emph_node,
+        classes=["unstable-c-api", "warning"],
+    )
 
-        def run(self):
-            content = []
-            for record in annotations.stable_abi_data.values():
-                role = REST_ROLE_MAP[record['role']]
-                name = record['name']
-                content.append(f'* :c:{role}:`{name}`')
 
-            pnode = nodes.paragraph()
-            self.state.nested_parse(StringList(content), 0, pnode)
-            return [pnode]
+def _return_value_annotation(result_refs: int | None) -> nodes.emphasis:
+    classes = ["refcount"]
+    if result_refs is None:
+        rc = sphinx_gettext("Return value: Always NULL.")
+        classes.append("return_null")
+    elif result_refs:
+        rc = sphinx_gettext("Return value: New reference.")
+        classes.append("return_new_ref")
+    else:
+        rc = sphinx_gettext("Return value: Borrowed reference.")
+        classes.append("return_borrowed_ref")
+    return nodes.emphasis(rc, rc, classes=classes)
 
-    app.add_directive('limited-api-list', LimitedAPIList)
 
+class LimitedAPIList(SphinxDirective):
+    has_content = False
+    required_arguments = 0
+    optional_arguments = 0
+    final_argument_whitespace = True
 
-def setup(app):
-    app.add_config_value('refcount_file', '', True)
-    app.add_config_value('stable_abi_file', '', True)
-    app.connect('builder-inited', init_annotations)
+    def run(self) -> list[nodes.Node]:
+        state = self.env.domaindata["c_annotations"]
+        content = [
+            f"* :c:{record.role}:`{record.name}`"
+            for record in state["stable_abi_data"].values()
+        ]
+        node = nodes.paragraph()
+        self.state.nested_parse(StringList(content), 0, node)
+        return [node]
+
+
+def init_annotations(app: Sphinx) -> None:
+    # Using domaindata is a bit hack-ish,
+    # but allows storing state without a global variable or closure.
+    app.env.domaindata["c_annotations"] = state = {}
+    state["refcount_data"] = read_refcount_data(
+        Path(app.srcdir, app.config.refcount_file)
+    )
+    state["stable_abi_data"] = read_stable_abi_data(
+        Path(app.srcdir, app.config.stable_abi_file)
+    )
 
-    # monkey-patch C object...
-    CObject.option_spec = {
-        'noindex': directives.flag,
-        'stableabi': directives.flag,
-    }
-    old_handle_signature = CObject.handle_signature
 
-    def new_handle_signature(self, sig, signode):
-        signode.parent['stableabi'] = 'stableabi' in self.options
-        return old_handle_signature(self, sig, signode)
-    CObject.handle_signature = new_handle_signature
-    return {'version': '1.0', 'parallel_read_safe': True}
+def setup(app: Sphinx) -> ExtensionMetadata:
+    app.add_config_value("refcount_file", "", "env", types={str})
+    app.add_config_value("stable_abi_file", "", "env", types={str})
+    app.add_directive("limited-api-list", LimitedAPIList)
+    app.connect("builder-inited", init_annotations)
+    app.connect("doctree-read", add_annotations)
+
+    if sphinx.version_info[:2] < (7, 2):
+        from docutils.parsers.rst import directives
+        from sphinx.domains.c import CObject
+
+        # monkey-patch C object...
+        CObject.option_spec |= {
+            "no-index-entry": directives.flag,
+            "no-contents-entry": directives.flag,
+        }
+
+    return {
+        "version": "1.0",
+        "parallel_read_safe": True,
+        "parallel_write_safe": True,
+    }
diff --git a/Doc/tools/extensions/escape4chm.py b/Doc/tools/extensions/escape4chm.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 89970975b9032b..00000000000000
--- a/Doc/tools/extensions/escape4chm.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,58 +0,0 @@
-"""
-Escape the `body` part of .chm source file to 7-bit ASCII, to fix visual
-effect on some MBCS Windows systems.
-
-https://bugs.python.org/issue32174
-"""
-
-import pathlib
-import re
-from html.entities import codepoint2name
-
-from sphinx.util.logging import getLogger
-
-# escape the characters which codepoint > 0x7F
-def _process(string):
-    def escape(matchobj):
-        codepoint = ord(matchobj.group(0))
-
-        name = codepoint2name.get(codepoint)
-        if name is None:
-            return '&#%d;' % codepoint
-        else:
-            return '&%s;' % name
-
-    return re.sub(r'[^\x00-\x7F]', escape, string)
-
-def escape_for_chm(app, pagename, templatename, context, doctree):
-    # only works for .chm output
-    if getattr(app.builder, 'name', '') != 'htmlhelp':
-        return
-
-    # escape the `body` part to 7-bit ASCII
-    body = context.get('body')
-    if body is not None:
-        context['body'] = _process(body)
-
-def fixup_keywords(app, exception):
-    # only works for .chm output
-    if getattr(app.builder, 'name', '') != 'htmlhelp' or exception:
-        return
-
-    getLogger(__name__).info('fixing HTML escapes in keywords file...')
-    outdir = pathlib.Path(app.builder.outdir)
-    outname = app.builder.config.htmlhelp_basename
-    with open(outdir / (outname + '.hhk'), 'rb') as f:
-        index = f.read()
-    with open(outdir / (outname + '.hhk'), 'wb') as f:
-        f.write(index.replace(b'&#x27;', b'&#39;'))
-
-def setup(app):
-    # `html-page-context` event emitted when the HTML builder has
-    # created a context dictionary to render a template with.
-    app.connect('html-page-context', escape_for_chm)
-    # `build-finished` event emitted when all the files have been
-    # output.
-    app.connect('build-finished', fixup_keywords)
-
-    return {'version': '1.0', 'parallel_read_safe': True}
diff --git a/Doc/tools/extensions/glossary_search.py b/Doc/tools/extensions/glossary_search.py
index 7c93b1e4990603..502b6cd95bcb94 100644
--- a/Doc/tools/extensions/glossary_search.py
+++ b/Doc/tools/extensions/glossary_search.py
@@ -1,63 +1,63 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-"""
-    glossary_search.py
-    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+"""Feature search results for glossary items prominently."""
 
-    Feature search results for glossary items prominently.
+from __future__ import annotations
 
-    :license: Python license.
-"""
 import json
-import os.path
-from docutils.nodes import definition_list_item
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+from docutils import nodes
 from sphinx.addnodes import glossary
 from sphinx.util import logging
 
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from sphinx.application import Sphinx
+    from sphinx.util.typing import ExtensionMetadata
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-STATIC_DIR = '_static'
-JSON = 'glossary.json'
 
 
-def process_glossary_nodes(app, doctree, fromdocname):
+def process_glossary_nodes(
+    app: Sphinx,
+    doctree: nodes.document,
+    _docname: str,
+) -> None:
     if app.builder.format != 'html' or app.builder.embedded:
         return
 
-    terms = {}
+    if hasattr(app.env, 'glossary_terms'):
+        terms = app.env.glossary_terms
+    else:
+        terms = app.env.glossary_terms = {}
 
     for node in doctree.findall(glossary):
-        for glossary_item in node.findall(definition_list_item):
-            term = glossary_item[0].astext().lower()
-            definition = glossary_item[1]
+        for glossary_item in node.findall(nodes.definition_list_item):
+            term = glossary_item[0].astext()
+            definition = glossary_item[-1]
 
             rendered = app.builder.render_partial(definition)
-            terms[term] = {
-                'title': glossary_item[0].astext(),
-                'body': rendered['html_body']
+            terms[term.lower()] = {
+                'title': term,
+                'body': rendered['html_body'],
             }
 
-    if hasattr(app.env, 'glossary_terms'):
-        app.env.glossary_terms.update(terms)
-    else:
-        app.env.glossary_terms = terms
 
-def on_build_finish(app, exc):
-    if not hasattr(app.env, 'glossary_terms'):
-        return
-    if not app.env.glossary_terms:
+def write_glossary_json(app: Sphinx, _exc: Exception) -> None:
+    if not getattr(app.env, 'glossary_terms', None):
         return
 
-    logger.info(f'Writing {JSON}', color='green')
-
-    dest_dir = os.path.join(app.outdir, STATIC_DIR)
-    os.makedirs(dest_dir, exist_ok=True)
-
-    with open(os.path.join(dest_dir, JSON), 'w') as f:
-        json.dump(app.env.glossary_terms, f)
+    logger.info('Writing glossary.json', color='green')
+    dest = Path(app.outdir, '_static', 'glossary.json')
+    dest.parent.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
+    dest.write_text(json.dumps(app.env.glossary_terms), encoding='utf-8')
 
 
-def setup(app):
+def setup(app: Sphinx) -> ExtensionMetadata:
     app.connect('doctree-resolved', process_glossary_nodes)
-    app.connect('build-finished', on_build_finish)
+    app.connect('build-finished', write_glossary_json)
 
-    return {'version': '0.1', 'parallel_read_safe': True}
+    return {
+        'version': '1.0',
+        'parallel_read_safe': True,
+        'parallel_write_safe': True,
+    }
diff --git a/Doc/tools/extensions/lexers/__init__.py b/Doc/tools/extensions/lexers/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..e12ac5be8139cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Doc/tools/extensions/lexers/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+from .asdl_lexer import ASDLLexer
+from .peg_lexer import PEGLexer
+
+
+def setup(app):
+    # Used for highlighting Parser/Python.asdl in library/ast.rst
+    app.add_lexer("asdl", ASDLLexer)
+    # Used for highlighting Grammar/python.gram in reference/grammar.rst
+    app.add_lexer("peg", PEGLexer)
+
+    return {
+        "version": "1.0",
+        "parallel_read_safe": True,
+        "parallel_write_safe": True,
+    }
diff --git a/Doc/tools/extensions/asdl_highlight.py b/Doc/tools/extensions/lexers/asdl_lexer.py
similarity index 62%
rename from Doc/tools/extensions/asdl_highlight.py
rename to Doc/tools/extensions/lexers/asdl_lexer.py
index 42863a4b3bcd6a..3a74174a1f7dfb 100644
--- a/Doc/tools/extensions/asdl_highlight.py
+++ b/Doc/tools/extensions/lexers/asdl_lexer.py
@@ -1,15 +1,6 @@
-import sys
-from pathlib import Path
+from pygments.lexer import RegexLexer, bygroups, include
+from pygments.token import Comment, Keyword, Name, Operator, Punctuation, Text
 
-CPYTHON_ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent.parent.parent
-sys.path.append(str(CPYTHON_ROOT / "Parser"))
-
-from pygments.lexer import RegexLexer, bygroups, include, words
-from pygments.token import (Comment, Keyword, Name, Operator,
-                            Punctuation, Text)
-
-from asdl import builtin_types
-from sphinx.highlighting import lexers
 
 class ASDLLexer(RegexLexer):
     name = "ASDL"
@@ -34,7 +25,10 @@ class ASDLLexer(RegexLexer):
                 r"(\w+)(\*\s|\?\s|\s)(\w+)",
                 bygroups(Name.Builtin.Pseudo, Operator, Name),
             ),
-            (words(builtin_types), Name.Builtin),
+            # Keep in line with ``builtin_types`` from Parser/asdl.py.
+            # ASDL's 4 builtin types are
+            # constant, identifier, int, string
+            ("constant|identifier|int|string", Name.Builtin),
             (r"attributes", Name.Builtin),
             (
                 _name + _text_ws + "(=)",
@@ -46,8 +40,3 @@ class ASDLLexer(RegexLexer):
             (r".", Text),
         ],
     }
-
-
-def setup(app):
-    lexers["asdl"] = ASDLLexer()
-    return {'version': '1.0', 'parallel_read_safe': True}
diff --git a/Doc/tools/extensions/peg_highlight.py b/Doc/tools/extensions/lexers/peg_lexer.py
similarity index 94%
rename from Doc/tools/extensions/peg_highlight.py
rename to Doc/tools/extensions/lexers/peg_lexer.py
index 4bdc2ee1861334..827af205583f61 100644
--- a/Doc/tools/extensions/peg_highlight.py
+++ b/Doc/tools/extensions/lexers/peg_lexer.py
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 from pygments.lexer import RegexLexer, bygroups, include
 from pygments.token import Comment, Keyword, Name, Operator, Punctuation, Text
 
-from sphinx.highlighting import lexers
-
 
 class PEGLexer(RegexLexer):
     """Pygments Lexer for PEG grammar (.gram) files
@@ -79,8 +77,3 @@ class PEGLexer(RegexLexer):
             (r".", Text),
         ],
     }
-
-
-def setup(app):
-    lexers["peg"] = PEGLexer()
-    return {"version": "1.0", "parallel_read_safe": True}
diff --git a/Doc/tools/extensions/patchlevel.py b/Doc/tools/extensions/patchlevel.py
index 617f28c2527ddf..9ccaec3dd5ce0f 100644
--- a/Doc/tools/extensions/patchlevel.py
+++ b/Doc/tools/extensions/patchlevel.py
@@ -1,68 +1,81 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-"""
-    patchlevel.py
-    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+"""Extract version information from Include/patchlevel.h."""
 
-    Extract version info from Include/patchlevel.h.
-    Adapted from Doc/tools/getversioninfo.
+import re
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Literal, NamedTuple
 
-    :copyright: 2007-2008 by Georg Brandl.
-    :license: Python license.
-"""
+CPYTHON_ROOT = Path(
+    __file__,  # cpython/Doc/tools/extensions/patchlevel.py
+    "..",  # cpython/Doc/tools/extensions
+    "..",  # cpython/Doc/tools
+    "..",  # cpython/Doc
+    "..",  # cpython
+).resolve()
+PATCHLEVEL_H = CPYTHON_ROOT / "Include" / "patchlevel.h"
 
-from __future__ import print_function
+RELEASE_LEVELS = {
+    "PY_RELEASE_LEVEL_ALPHA": "alpha",
+    "PY_RELEASE_LEVEL_BETA": "beta",
+    "PY_RELEASE_LEVEL_GAMMA": "candidate",
+    "PY_RELEASE_LEVEL_FINAL": "final",
+}
 
-import os
-import re
-import sys
 
-def get_header_version_info(srcdir):
-    patchlevel_h = os.path.join(srcdir, '..', 'Include', 'patchlevel.h')
+class version_info(NamedTuple):  # noqa: N801
+    major: int  #: Major release number
+    minor: int  #: Minor release number
+    micro: int  #: Patch release number
+    releaselevel: Literal["alpha", "beta", "candidate", "final"]
+    serial: int  #: Serial release number
 
-    # This won't pick out all #defines, but it will pick up the ones we
-    # care about.
-    rx = re.compile(r'\s*#define\s+([a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z_0-9]*)\s+([a-zA-Z_0-9]+)')
 
-    d = {}
-    with open(patchlevel_h) as f:
-        for line in f:
-            m = rx.match(line)
-            if m is not None:
-                name, value = m.group(1, 2)
-                d[name] = value
+def get_header_version_info() -> version_info:
+    # Capture PY_ prefixed #defines.
+    pat = re.compile(r"\s*#define\s+(PY_\w*)\s+(\w+)", re.ASCII)
 
-    release = version = '%s.%s' % (d['PY_MAJOR_VERSION'], d['PY_MINOR_VERSION'])
-    micro = int(d['PY_MICRO_VERSION'])
-    release += '.' + str(micro)
+    defines = {}
+    patchlevel_h = PATCHLEVEL_H.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+    for line in patchlevel_h.splitlines():
+        if (m := pat.match(line)) is not None:
+            name, value = m.groups()
+            defines[name] = value
 
-    level = d['PY_RELEASE_LEVEL']
-    suffixes = {
-        'PY_RELEASE_LEVEL_ALPHA': 'a',
-        'PY_RELEASE_LEVEL_BETA':  'b',
-        'PY_RELEASE_LEVEL_GAMMA': 'rc',
-        }
-    if level != 'PY_RELEASE_LEVEL_FINAL':
-        release += suffixes[level] + str(int(d['PY_RELEASE_SERIAL']))
-    return version, release
+    return version_info(
+        major=int(defines["PY_MAJOR_VERSION"]),
+        minor=int(defines["PY_MINOR_VERSION"]),
+        micro=int(defines["PY_MICRO_VERSION"]),
+        releaselevel=RELEASE_LEVELS[defines["PY_RELEASE_LEVEL"]],
+        serial=int(defines["PY_RELEASE_SERIAL"]),
+    )
 
 
-def get_sys_version_info():
-    major, minor, micro, level, serial = sys.version_info
-    release = version = '%s.%s' % (major, minor)
-    release += '.%s' % micro
-    if level != 'final':
-        release += '%s%s' % (level[0], serial)
+def format_version_info(info: version_info) -> tuple[str, str]:
+    version = f"{info.major}.{info.minor}"
+    release = f"{info.major}.{info.minor}.{info.micro}"
+    if info.releaselevel != "final":
+        suffix = {"alpha": "a", "beta": "b", "candidate": "rc"}
+        release += f"{suffix[info.releaselevel]}{info.serial}"
     return version, release
 
 
 def get_version_info():
     try:
-        return get_header_version_info('.')
-    except (IOError, OSError):
-        version, release = get_sys_version_info()
-        print('Can\'t get version info from Include/patchlevel.h, ' \
-              'using version of this interpreter (%s).' % release, file=sys.stderr)
+        info = get_header_version_info()
+        return format_version_info(info)
+    except OSError:
+        version, release = format_version_info(sys.version_info)
+        print(
+            f"Failed to get version info from Include/patchlevel.h, "
+            f"using version of this interpreter ({release}).",
+            file=sys.stderr,
+        )
         return version, release
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    print(get_header_version_info('.')[1])
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    short_ver, full_ver = format_version_info(get_header_version_info())
+    if sys.argv[1:2] == ["--short"]:
+        print(short_ver)
+    else:
+        print(full_ver)
diff --git a/Doc/tools/extensions/pyspecific.py b/Doc/tools/extensions/pyspecific.py
index 8b592d4b4adcea..f4df7ec0839339 100644
--- a/Doc/tools/extensions/pyspecific.py
+++ b/Doc/tools/extensions/pyspecific.py
@@ -15,16 +15,15 @@
 from time import asctime
 from pprint import pformat
 
-from docutils import nodes, utils
+from docutils import nodes
 from docutils.io import StringOutput
-from docutils.parsers.rst import Directive
-from docutils.utils import new_document
+from docutils.parsers.rst import directives
+from docutils.utils import new_document, unescape
 from sphinx import addnodes
 from sphinx.builders import Builder
-from sphinx.domains.python import PyFunction, PyMethod
-from sphinx.errors import NoUri
+from sphinx.domains.changeset import VersionChange, versionlabels, versionlabel_classes
+from sphinx.domains.python import PyFunction, PyMethod, PyModule
 from sphinx.locale import _ as sphinx_gettext
-from sphinx.util import logging
 from sphinx.util.docutils import SphinxDirective
 from sphinx.writers.text import TextWriter, TextTranslator
 from sphinx.util.display import status_iterator
@@ -48,11 +47,14 @@
 
 std.token_re = re.compile(r'`((~?[\w-]*:)?\w+)`')
 
+# backport :no-index:
+PyModule.option_spec['no-index'] = directives.flag
+
 
 # Support for marking up and linking to bugs.python.org issues
 
 def issue_role(typ, rawtext, text, lineno, inliner, options={}, content=[]):
-    issue = utils.unescape(text)
+    issue = unescape(text)
     # sanity check: there are no bpo issues within these two values
     if 47261 < int(issue) < 400000:
         msg = inliner.reporter.error(f'The BPO ID {text!r} seems too high -- '
@@ -67,7 +69,7 @@ def issue_role(typ, rawtext, text, lineno, inliner, options={}, content=[]):
 # Support for marking up and linking to GitHub issues
 
 def gh_issue_role(typ, rawtext, text, lineno, inliner, options={}, content=[]):
-    issue = utils.unescape(text)
+    issue = unescape(text)
     # sanity check: all GitHub issues have ID >= 32426
     # even though some of them are also valid BPO IDs
     if int(issue) < 32426:
@@ -82,7 +84,7 @@ def gh_issue_role(typ, rawtext, text, lineno, inliner, options={}, content=[]):
 
 # Support for marking up implementation details
 
-class ImplementationDetail(Directive):
+class ImplementationDetail(SphinxDirective):
 
     has_content = True
     final_argument_whitespace = True
@@ -105,217 +107,6 @@ def run(self):
         return [pnode]
 
 
-# Support for documenting platform availability
-
-class Availability(SphinxDirective):
-
-    has_content = True
-    required_arguments = 1
-    optional_arguments = 0
-    final_argument_whitespace = True
-
-    # known platform, libc, and threading implementations
-    known_platforms = frozenset({
-        "AIX", "Android", "BSD", "DragonFlyBSD", "Emscripten", "FreeBSD",
-        "GNU/kFreeBSD", "Linux", "NetBSD", "OpenBSD", "POSIX", "Solaris",
-        "Unix", "VxWorks", "WASI", "Windows", "macOS", "iOS",
-        # libc
-        "BSD libc", "glibc", "musl",
-        # POSIX platforms with pthreads
-        "pthreads",
-    })
-
-    def run(self):
-        availability_ref = ':ref:`Availability <availability>`: '
-        avail_nodes, avail_msgs = self.state.inline_text(
-            availability_ref + self.arguments[0],
-            self.lineno)
-        pnode = nodes.paragraph(availability_ref + self.arguments[0],
-                                '', *avail_nodes, *avail_msgs)
-        self.set_source_info(pnode)
-        cnode = nodes.container("", pnode, classes=["availability"])
-        self.set_source_info(cnode)
-        if self.content:
-            self.state.nested_parse(self.content, self.content_offset, cnode)
-        self.parse_platforms()
-
-        return [cnode]
-
-    def parse_platforms(self):
-        """Parse platform information from arguments
-
-        Arguments is a comma-separated string of platforms. A platform may
-        be prefixed with "not " to indicate that a feature is not available.
-
-        Example::
-
-           .. availability:: Windows, Linux >= 4.2, not WASI
-
-        Arguments like "Linux >= 3.17 with glibc >= 2.27" are currently not
-        parsed into separate tokens.
-        """
-        platforms = {}
-        for arg in self.arguments[0].rstrip(".").split(","):
-            arg = arg.strip()
-            platform, _, version = arg.partition(" >= ")
-            if platform.startswith("not "):
-                version = False
-                platform = platform[4:]
-            elif not version:
-                version = True
-            platforms[platform] = version
-
-        unknown = set(platforms).difference(self.known_platforms)
-        if unknown:
-            cls = type(self)
-            logger = logging.getLogger(cls.__qualname__)
-            logger.warning(
-                f"Unknown platform(s) or syntax '{' '.join(sorted(unknown))}' "
-                f"in '.. availability:: {self.arguments[0]}', see "
-                f"{__file__}:{cls.__qualname__}.known_platforms for a set "
-                "known platforms."
-            )
-
-        return platforms
-
-
-# Support for documenting audit event
-
-def audit_events_purge(app, env, docname):
-    """This is to remove from env.all_audit_events old traces of removed
-    documents.
-    """
-    if not hasattr(env, 'all_audit_events'):
-        return
-    fresh_all_audit_events = {}
-    for name, event in env.all_audit_events.items():
-        event["source"] = [(d, t) for d, t in event["source"] if d != docname]
-        if event["source"]:
-            # Only keep audit_events that have at least one source.
-            fresh_all_audit_events[name] = event
-    env.all_audit_events = fresh_all_audit_events
-
-
-def audit_events_merge(app, env, docnames, other):
-    """In Sphinx parallel builds, this merges env.all_audit_events from
-    subprocesses.
-
-    all_audit_events is a dict of names, with values like:
-    {'source': [(docname, target), ...], 'args': args}
-    """
-    if not hasattr(other, 'all_audit_events'):
-        return
-    if not hasattr(env, 'all_audit_events'):
-        env.all_audit_events = {}
-    for name, value in other.all_audit_events.items():
-        if name in env.all_audit_events:
-            env.all_audit_events[name]["source"].extend(value["source"])
-        else:
-            env.all_audit_events[name] = value
-
-
-class AuditEvent(Directive):
-
-    has_content = True
-    required_arguments = 1
-    optional_arguments = 2
-    final_argument_whitespace = True
-
-    _label = [
-        sphinx_gettext("Raises an :ref:`auditing event <auditing>` {name} with no arguments."),
-        sphinx_gettext("Raises an :ref:`auditing event <auditing>` {name} with argument {args}."),
-        sphinx_gettext("Raises an :ref:`auditing event <auditing>` {name} with arguments {args}."),
-    ]
-
-    @property
-    def logger(self):
-        cls = type(self)
-        return logging.getLogger(cls.__module__ + "." + cls.__name__)
-
-    def run(self):
-        name = self.arguments[0]
-        if len(self.arguments) >= 2 and self.arguments[1]:
-            args = (a.strip() for a in self.arguments[1].strip("'\"").split(","))
-            args = [a for a in args if a]
-        else:
-            args = []
-
-        label = self._label[min(2, len(args))]
-        text = label.format(name="``{}``".format(name),
-                            args=", ".join("``{}``".format(a) for a in args if a))
-
-        env = self.state.document.settings.env
-        if not hasattr(env, 'all_audit_events'):
-            env.all_audit_events = {}
-
-        new_info = {
-            'source': [],
-            'args': args
-        }
-        info = env.all_audit_events.setdefault(name, new_info)
-        if info is not new_info:
-            if not self._do_args_match(info['args'], new_info['args']):
-                self.logger.warning(
-                    "Mismatched arguments for audit-event {}: {!r} != {!r}"
-                    .format(name, info['args'], new_info['args'])
-                )
-
-        ids = []
-        try:
-            target = self.arguments[2].strip("\"'")
-        except (IndexError, TypeError):
-            target = None
-        if not target:
-            target = "audit_event_{}_{}".format(
-                re.sub(r'\W', '_', name),
-                len(info['source']),
-            )
-            ids.append(target)
-
-        info['source'].append((env.docname, target))
-
-        pnode = nodes.paragraph(text, classes=["audit-hook"], ids=ids)
-        pnode.line = self.lineno
-        if self.content:
-            self.state.nested_parse(self.content, self.content_offset, pnode)
-        else:
-            n, m = self.state.inline_text(text, self.lineno)
-            pnode.extend(n + m)
-
-        return [pnode]
-
-    # This list of sets are allowable synonyms for event argument names.
-    # If two names are in the same set, they are treated as equal for the
-    # purposes of warning. This won't help if number of arguments is
-    # different!
-    _SYNONYMS = [
-        {"file", "path", "fd"},
-    ]
-
-    def _do_args_match(self, args1, args2):
-        if args1 == args2:
-            return True
-        if len(args1) != len(args2):
-            return False
-        for a1, a2 in zip(args1, args2):
-            if a1 == a2:
-                continue
-            if any(a1 in s and a2 in s for s in self._SYNONYMS):
-                continue
-            return False
-        return True
-
-
-class audit_event_list(nodes.General, nodes.Element):
-    pass
-
-
-class AuditEventListDirective(Directive):
-
-    def run(self):
-        return [audit_event_list('')]
-
-
 # Support for documenting decorators
 
 class PyDecoratorMixin(object):
@@ -393,60 +184,55 @@ def run(self):
         return PyMethod.run(self)
 
 
-# Support for documenting version of removal in deprecations
+# Support for documenting version of changes, additions, deprecations
 
-class DeprecatedRemoved(Directive):
-    has_content = True
+def expand_version_arg(argument, release):
+    """Expand "next" to the current version"""
+    if argument == 'next':
+        return sphinx_gettext('{} (unreleased)').format(release)
+    return argument
+
+
+class PyVersionChange(VersionChange):
+    def run(self):
+        # Replace the 'next' special token with the current development version
+        self.arguments[0] = expand_version_arg(self.arguments[0],
+                                               self.config.release)
+        return super().run()
+
+
+class DeprecatedRemoved(VersionChange):
     required_arguments = 2
-    optional_arguments = 1
-    final_argument_whitespace = True
-    option_spec = {}
 
-    _deprecated_label = sphinx_gettext('Deprecated since version {deprecated}, will be removed in version {removed}')
-    _removed_label = sphinx_gettext('Deprecated since version {deprecated}, removed in version {removed}')
+    _deprecated_label = sphinx_gettext('Deprecated since version %s, will be removed in version %s')
+    _removed_label = sphinx_gettext('Deprecated since version %s, removed in version %s')
 
     def run(self):
-        node = addnodes.versionmodified()
-        node.document = self.state.document
-        node['type'] = 'deprecated-removed'
-        version = (self.arguments[0], self.arguments[1])
-        node['version'] = version
-        env = self.state.document.settings.env
-        current_version = tuple(int(e) for e in env.config.version.split('.'))
-        removed_version = tuple(int(e) for e in self.arguments[1].split('.'))
+        # Replace the first two arguments (deprecated version and removed version)
+        # with a single tuple of both versions.
+        version_deprecated = expand_version_arg(self.arguments[0],
+                                                self.config.release)
+        version_removed = self.arguments.pop(1)
+        if version_removed == 'next':
+            raise ValueError(
+                'deprecated-removed:: second argument cannot be `next`')
+        self.arguments[0] = version_deprecated, version_removed
+
+        # Set the label based on if we have reached the removal version
+        current_version = tuple(map(int, self.config.version.split('.')))
+        removed_version = tuple(map(int,  version_removed.split('.')))
         if current_version < removed_version:
-            label = self._deprecated_label
-        else:
-            label = self._removed_label
-
-        text = label.format(deprecated=self.arguments[0], removed=self.arguments[1])
-        if len(self.arguments) == 3:
-            inodes, messages = self.state.inline_text(self.arguments[2],
-                                                      self.lineno+1)
-            para = nodes.paragraph(self.arguments[2], '', *inodes, translatable=False)
-            node.append(para)
-        else:
-            messages = []
-        if self.content:
-            self.state.nested_parse(self.content, self.content_offset, node)
-        if len(node):
-            if isinstance(node[0], nodes.paragraph) and node[0].rawsource:
-                content = nodes.inline(node[0].rawsource, translatable=True)
-                content.source = node[0].source
-                content.line = node[0].line
-                content += node[0].children
-                node[0].replace_self(nodes.paragraph('', '', content, translatable=False))
-            node[0].insert(0, nodes.inline('', '%s: ' % text,
-                                           classes=['versionmodified']))
+            versionlabels[self.name] = self._deprecated_label
+            versionlabel_classes[self.name] = 'deprecated'
         else:
-            para = nodes.paragraph('', '',
-                                   nodes.inline('', '%s.' % text,
-                                                classes=['versionmodified']),
-                                   translatable=False)
-            node.append(para)
-        env = self.state.document.settings.env
-        env.get_domain('changeset').note_changeset(node)
-        return [node] + messages
+            versionlabels[self.name] = self._removed_label
+            versionlabel_classes[self.name] = 'removed'
+        try:
+            return super().run()
+        finally:
+            # reset versionlabels and versionlabel_classes
+            versionlabels[self.name] = ''
+            versionlabel_classes[self.name] = ''
 
 
 # Support for including Misc/NEWS
@@ -456,7 +242,7 @@ def run(self):
 whatsnew_re = re.compile(r"(?im)^what's new in (.*?)\??$")
 
 
-class MiscNews(Directive):
+class MiscNews(SphinxDirective):
     has_content = False
     required_arguments = 1
     optional_arguments = 0
@@ -471,7 +257,7 @@ def run(self):
         if not source_dir:
             source_dir = path.dirname(path.abspath(source))
         fpath = path.join(source_dir, fname)
-        self.state.document.settings.record_dependencies.add(fpath)
+        self.env.note_dependency(path.abspath(fpath))
         try:
             with io.open(fpath, encoding='utf-8') as fp:
                 content = fp.read()
@@ -492,8 +278,8 @@ def run(self):
 # Support for building "topic help" for pydoc
 
 pydoc_topic_labels = [
-    'assert', 'assignment', 'async', 'atom-identifiers', 'atom-literals',
-    'attribute-access', 'attribute-references', 'augassign', 'await',
+    'assert', 'assignment', 'assignment-expressions', 'async',  'atom-identifiers',
+    'atom-literals', 'attribute-access', 'attribute-references', 'augassign', 'await',
     'binary', 'bitwise', 'bltin-code-objects', 'bltin-ellipsis-object',
     'bltin-null-object', 'bltin-type-objects', 'booleans',
     'break', 'callable-types', 'calls', 'class', 'comparisons', 'compound',
@@ -603,70 +389,6 @@ def parse_monitoring_event(env, sig, signode):
     return sig
 
 
-def process_audit_events(app, doctree, fromdocname):
-    for node in doctree.findall(audit_event_list):
-        break
-    else:
-        return
-
-    env = app.builder.env
-
-    table = nodes.table(cols=3)
-    group = nodes.tgroup(
-        '',
-        nodes.colspec(colwidth=30),
-        nodes.colspec(colwidth=55),
-        nodes.colspec(colwidth=15),
-        cols=3,
-    )
-    head = nodes.thead()
-    body = nodes.tbody()
-
-    table += group
-    group += head
-    group += body
-
-    row = nodes.row()
-    row += nodes.entry('', nodes.paragraph('', nodes.Text('Audit event')))
-    row += nodes.entry('', nodes.paragraph('', nodes.Text('Arguments')))
-    row += nodes.entry('', nodes.paragraph('', nodes.Text('References')))
-    head += row
-
-    for name in sorted(getattr(env, "all_audit_events", ())):
-        audit_event = env.all_audit_events[name]
-
-        row = nodes.row()
-        node = nodes.paragraph('', nodes.Text(name))
-        row += nodes.entry('', node)
-
-        node = nodes.paragraph()
-        for i, a in enumerate(audit_event['args']):
-            if i:
-                node += nodes.Text(", ")
-            node += nodes.literal(a, nodes.Text(a))
-        row += nodes.entry('', node)
-
-        node = nodes.paragraph()
-        backlinks = enumerate(sorted(set(audit_event['source'])), start=1)
-        for i, (doc, label) in backlinks:
-            if isinstance(label, str):
-                ref = nodes.reference("", nodes.Text("[{}]".format(i)), internal=True)
-                try:
-                    ref['refuri'] = "{}#{}".format(
-                        app.builder.get_relative_uri(fromdocname, doc),
-                        label,
-                    )
-                except NoUri:
-                    continue
-                node += ref
-        row += nodes.entry('', node)
-
-        body += row
-
-    for node in doctree.findall(audit_event_list):
-        node.replace_self(table)
-
-
 def patch_pairindextypes(app, _env) -> None:
     """Remove all entries from ``pairindextypes`` before writing POT files.
 
@@ -695,9 +417,10 @@ def setup(app):
     app.add_role('issue', issue_role)
     app.add_role('gh', gh_issue_role)
     app.add_directive('impl-detail', ImplementationDetail)
-    app.add_directive('availability', Availability)
-    app.add_directive('audit-event', AuditEvent)
-    app.add_directive('audit-event-table', AuditEventListDirective)
+    app.add_directive('versionadded', PyVersionChange, override=True)
+    app.add_directive('versionchanged', PyVersionChange, override=True)
+    app.add_directive('versionremoved', PyVersionChange, override=True)
+    app.add_directive('deprecated', PyVersionChange, override=True)
     app.add_directive('deprecated-removed', DeprecatedRemoved)
     app.add_builder(PydocTopicsBuilder)
     app.add_object_type('opcode', 'opcode', '%s (opcode)', parse_opcode_signature)
@@ -711,8 +434,6 @@ def setup(app):
     app.add_directive_to_domain('py', 'awaitablemethod', PyAwaitableMethod)
     app.add_directive_to_domain('py', 'abstractmethod', PyAbstractMethod)
     app.add_directive('miscnews', MiscNews)
+    app.add_css_file('sidebar-wrap.css')
     app.connect('env-check-consistency', patch_pairindextypes)
-    app.connect('doctree-resolved', process_audit_events)
-    app.connect('env-merge-info', audit_events_merge)
-    app.connect('env-purge-doc', audit_events_purge)
     return {'version': '1.0', 'parallel_read_safe': True}
diff --git a/Doc/tools/static/glossary_search.js b/Doc/tools/static/glossary_search.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..13d728dc027f1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Doc/tools/static/glossary_search.js
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+"use strict";
+
+const GLOSSARY_PAGE = "glossary.html";
+
+const glossary_search = async () => {
+  const response = await fetch("_static/glossary.json");
+  if (!response.ok) {
+    throw new Error("Failed to fetch glossary.json");
+  }
+  const glossary = await response.json();
+
+  const params = new URLSearchParams(document.location.search).get("q");
+  if (!params) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const searchParam = params.toLowerCase();
+  const glossaryItem = glossary[searchParam];
+  if (!glossaryItem) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // set up the title text with a link to the glossary page
+  const glossaryTitle = document.getElementById("glossary-title");
+  glossaryTitle.textContent = "Glossary: " + glossaryItem.title;
+  const linkTarget = searchParam.replace(/ /g, "-");
+  glossaryTitle.href = GLOSSARY_PAGE + "#term-" + linkTarget;
+
+  // rewrite any anchor links (to other glossary terms)
+  // to have a full reference to the glossary page
+  const glossaryBody = document.getElementById("glossary-body");
+  glossaryBody.innerHTML = glossaryItem.body;
+  const anchorLinks = glossaryBody.querySelectorAll('a[href^="#"]');
+  anchorLinks.forEach(function (link) {
+    const currentUrl = link.getAttribute("href");
+    link.href = GLOSSARY_PAGE + currentUrl;
+  });
+
+  const glossaryResult = document.getElementById("glossary-result");
+  glossaryResult.style.display = "";
+};
+
+if (document.readyState !== "loading") {
+  glossary_search().catch(console.error);
+} else {
+  document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", glossary_search);
+}
diff --git a/Doc/tools/static/rtd_switcher.js b/Doc/tools/static/rtd_switcher.js
index a67bb85505a9ca..2bf01a002db90c 100644
--- a/Doc/tools/static/rtd_switcher.js
+++ b/Doc/tools/static/rtd_switcher.js
@@ -6,42 +6,9 @@
 
  document.addEventListener("readthedocs-addons-data-ready", function(event) {
    const config = event.detail.data()
-
-   // Add some mocked hardcoded versions pointing to the official
-   // documentation while migrating to Read the Docs.
-   // These are only for testing purposes.
-   // TODO: remove them when managing all the versions on Read the Docs,
-   // since all the "active, built and not hidden" versions will be shown automatically.
-   let versions = config.versions.active.concat([
-       {
-           slug: "dev (3.14)",
-           urls: {
-               documentation: "https://docs.python.org/3.14/",
-           }
-       },
-       {
-           slug: "dev (3.13)",
-           urls: {
-               documentation: "https://docs.python.org/3.13/",
-           }
-       },
-       {
-           slug: "3.12",
-           urls: {
-               documentation: "https://docs.python.org/3.12/",
-           }
-       },
-       {
-           slug: "3.11",
-           urls: {
-               documentation: "https://docs.python.org/3.11/",
-           }
-       },
-   ]);
-
    const versionSelect = `
-   <select id="version_select">
-   ${ versions.map(
+   <select id="version_select" aria-label="Python version">
+   ${ config.versions.active.map(
        (version) => `
        <option
            value="${ version.slug }"
@@ -58,7 +25,7 @@
    languages = languages.sort((a, b) => a.language.name.localeCompare(b.language.name));
 
    const languageSelect = `
-   <select id="language_select">
+   <select id="language_select" aria-label="Language">
    ${ languages.map(
        (translation) => `
        <option
diff --git a/Doc/tools/static/sidebar-wrap.css b/Doc/tools/static/sidebar-wrap.css
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..0a80f516f28349
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Doc/tools/static/sidebar-wrap.css
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+div.sphinxsidebarwrapper {
+    overflow-x: scroll;
+}
+div.sphinxsidebarwrapper li code {
+    overflow-wrap: normal;
+}
diff --git a/Doc/tools/templates/download.html b/Doc/tools/templates/download.html
index b5353d6fb77ab4..45ec436fee72d7 100644
--- a/Doc/tools/templates/download.html
+++ b/Doc/tools/templates/download.html
@@ -1,64 +1,75 @@
 {% extends "layout.html" %}
-{% set title = 'Download' %}
+{% set title = _('Download') %}
 {% if daily is defined %}
-  {% set dlbase = pathto('archives', 1) %}
+  {% set dl_base = pathto('archives', resource=True) %}
+  {% set dl_version = version %}
 {% else %}
   {#
     The link below returns HTTP 404 until the first related alpha release.
     This is expected; use daily documentation builds for CPython development.
   #}
-  {% set dlbase = 'https://docs.python.org/ftp/python/doc/' + release %}
+  {% set dl_base = 'https://www.python.org/ftp/python/doc/' + release %}
+  {% set dl_version = release %}
 {% endif %}
 
 {% block body %}
-<h1>Download Python {{ release }} Documentation</h1>
+<h1>{% trans %}Download Python {{ dl_version }} Documentation{% endtrans %}</h1>
 
-{% if last_updated %}<p><b>Last updated on: {{ last_updated }}.</b></p>{% endif %}
+{% if last_updated %}<p><b>{% trans %}Last updated on: {{ last_updated }}.{% endtrans %}</b></p>{% endif %}
 
-<p>To download an archive containing all the documents for this version of
-Python in one of various formats, follow one of links in this table.</p>
+<p>{% trans %}To download an archive containing all the documents for this version of
+Python in one of various formats, follow one of links in this table.{% endtrans %}</p>
 
 <table class="docutils">
-  <tr><th>Format</th><th>Packed as .zip</th><th>Packed as .tar.bz2</th></tr>
-  <tr><td>PDF (US-Letter paper size)</td>
-    <td><a href="{{ dlbase }}/python-{{ release }}-docs-pdf-letter.zip">Download</a> (ca. 13 MiB)</td>
-    <td><a href="{{ dlbase }}/python-{{ release }}-docs-pdf-letter.tar.bz2">Download</a> (ca. 13 MiB)</td>
+  <tr>
+    <th>{% trans %}Format{% endtrans %}</th>
+    <th>{% trans %}Packed as .zip{% endtrans %}</th>
+    <th>{% trans %}Packed as .tar.bz2{% endtrans %}</th>
   </tr>
-  <tr><td>PDF (A4 paper size)</td>
-    <td><a href="{{ dlbase }}/python-{{ release }}-docs-pdf-a4.zip">Download</a> (ca. 13 MiB)</td>
-    <td><a href="{{ dlbase }}/python-{{ release }}-docs-pdf-a4.tar.bz2">Download</a> (ca. 13 MiB)</td>
+  <tr>
+    <td>{% trans %}PDF{% endtrans %}</td>
+    <td>{% trans download_size="17" %}<a href="{{ dl_base }}/python-{{ dl_version }}-docs-pdf-a4.zip">Download</a> (ca. {{ download_size }} MiB){% endtrans %}</td>
+    <td>{% trans download_size="17" %}<a href="{{ dl_base }}/python-{{ dl_version }}-docs-pdf-a4.tar.bz2">Download</a> (ca. {{ download_size }} MiB){% endtrans %}</td>
   </tr>
-  <tr><td>HTML</td>
-    <td><a href="{{ dlbase }}/python-{{ release }}-docs-html.zip">Download</a> (ca. 9 MiB)</td>
-    <td><a href="{{ dlbase }}/python-{{ release }}-docs-html.tar.bz2">Download</a> (ca. 6 MiB)</td>
+  <tr>
+    <td>{% trans %}HTML{% endtrans %}</td>
+    <td>{% trans download_size="13" %}<a href="{{ dl_base }}/python-{{ dl_version }}-docs-html.zip">Download</a> (ca. {{ download_size }} MiB){% endtrans %}</td>
+    <td>{% trans download_size="8" %}<a href="{{ dl_base }}/python-{{ dl_version }}-docs-html.tar.bz2">Download</a> (ca. {{ download_size }} MiB){% endtrans %}</td>
   </tr>
-  <tr><td>Plain Text</td>
-    <td><a href="{{ dlbase }}/python-{{ release }}-docs-text.zip">Download</a> (ca. 3 MiB)</td>
-    <td><a href="{{ dlbase }}/python-{{ release }}-docs-text.tar.bz2">Download</a> (ca. 2 MiB)</td>
+  <tr>
+    <td>{% trans %}Plain text{% endtrans %}</td>
+    <td>{% trans download_size="4" %}<a href="{{ dl_base }}/python-{{ dl_version }}-docs-text.zip">Download</a> (ca. {{ download_size }} MiB){% endtrans %}</td>
+    <td>{% trans download_size="3" %}<a href="{{ dl_base }}/python-{{ dl_version }}-docs-text.tar.bz2">Download</a> (ca. {{ download_size }} MiB){% endtrans %}</td>
   </tr>
- <tr><td>EPUB</td>
-    <td><a href="{{ dlbase }}/python-{{ release }}-docs.epub">Download</a> (ca. 5 MiB)</td>
+  <tr>
+    <td>{% trans %}Texinfo{% endtrans %}</td>
+    <td>{% trans download_size="9" %}<a href="{{ dl_base }}/python-{{ dl_version }}-docs-texinfo.zip">Download</a> (ca. {{ download_size }} MiB){% endtrans %}</td>
+    <td>{% trans download_size="7" %}<a href="{{ dl_base }}/python-{{ dl_version }}-docs-texinfo.tar.bz2">Download</a> (ca. {{ download_size }} MiB){% endtrans %}</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+    <td>{% trans %}EPUB{% endtrans %}</td>
+    <td>{% trans download_size="6" %}<a href="{{ dl_base }}/python-{{ dl_version }}-docs.epub">Download</a> (ca. {{ download_size }} MiB){% endtrans %}</td>
     <td></td>
   </tr>
 </table>
 
-<p>These archives contain all the content in the documentation.</p>
+<p>{% trans %}These archives contain all the content in the documentation.{% endtrans %}</p>
 
 
-<h2>Unpacking</h2>
+<h2>{% trans %}Unpacking{% endtrans %}</h2>
 
-<p>Unix users should download the .tar.bz2 archives; these are bzipped tar
+<p>{% trans %}Unix users should download the .tar.bz2 archives; these are bzipped tar
 archives and can be handled in the usual way using tar and the bzip2
 program. The <a href="https://infozip.sourceforge.net">Info-ZIP</a> unzip program can be
 used to handle the ZIP archives if desired. The .tar.bz2 archives provide the
-best compression and fastest download times.</p>
+best compression and fastest download times.{% endtrans %}</p>
 
-<p>Windows users can use the ZIP archives since those are customary on that
-platform. These are created on Unix using the Info-ZIP zip program.</p>
+<p>{% trans %}Windows users can use the ZIP archives since those are customary on that
+platform. These are created on Unix using the Info-ZIP zip program.{% endtrans %}</p>
 
 
-<h2>Problems</h2>
+<h2>{% trans %}Problems{% endtrans %}</h2>
 
-<p>If you have comments or suggestions for the Python documentation, please send
-email to <a href="mailto:docs@python.org">docs@python.org</a>.</p>
+<p>{% trans %}If you have comments or suggestions for the Python documentation, please send
+email to <a href="mailto:docs@python.org">docs@python.org</a>.{% endtrans %}</p>
 {% endblock %}
diff --git a/Doc/tools/templates/indexcontent.html b/Doc/tools/templates/indexcontent.html
index 6f854e86ab8ef1..2686f48dad2a95 100644
--- a/Doc/tools/templates/indexcontent.html
+++ b/Doc/tools/templates/indexcontent.html
@@ -33,6 +33,8 @@ <h1>{{ docstitle|e }}</h1>
          <span class="linkdescr">{% trans %}C API reference{% endtrans %}</span></p>
       <p class="biglink"><a class="biglink" href="{{ pathto("faq/index") }}">{% trans %}FAQs{% endtrans %}</a><br/>
          <span class="linkdescr">{% trans %}Frequently asked questions (with answers!){% endtrans %}</span></p>
+      <p class="biglink"><a class="biglink" href="{{ pathto("deprecations/index") }}">{% trans %}Deprecations{% endtrans %}</a><br/>
+         <span class="linkdescr">{% trans %}Deprecated functionality{% endtrans %}</span></p>
     </td></tr>
   </table>
 
@@ -57,7 +59,7 @@ <h1>{{ docstitle|e }}</h1>
   <table class="contentstable" align="center"><tr>
     <td width="50%">
       <p class="biglink"><a class="biglink" href="{{ pathto("bugs") }}">{% trans %}Reporting issues{% endtrans %}</a></p>
-      <p class="biglink"><a class="biglink" href="https://devguide.python.org/docquality/#helping-with-documentation">{% trans %}Contributing to Docs{% endtrans %}</a></p>
+      <p class="biglink"><a class="biglink" href="https://devguide.python.org/documentation/help-documenting/">{% trans %}Contributing to Docs{% endtrans %}</a></p>
       <p class="biglink"><a class="biglink" href="{{ pathto("download") }}">{% trans %}Download the documentation{% endtrans %}</a></p>
     </td><td width="50%">
       <p class="biglink"><a class="biglink" href="{{ pathto("license") }}">{% trans %}History and license of Python{% endtrans %}</a></p>
diff --git a/Doc/tools/templates/search.html b/Doc/tools/templates/search.html
index 852974461380f2..6ddac5f828bab1 100644
--- a/Doc/tools/templates/search.html
+++ b/Doc/tools/templates/search.html
@@ -2,61 +2,16 @@
 {% block extrahead %}
     {{ super() }}
     <meta name="robots" content="noindex">
-    <script type="text/javascript">
-        const GLOSSARY_PAGE = 'glossary.html';
-
-        document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
-          fetch('_static/glossary.json')
-            .then(function(response) {
-              if (response.ok) {
-                return response.json();
-              } else {
-                throw new Error('Failed to fetch glossary.json');
-              }
-            })
-            .then(function(glossary) {
-              const RESULT_TEMPLATE = '<div style="display: none" class="admonition seealso" id="glossary-result">' +
-                                      '  <p class="topic-title">' +
-                                      '    <a class="glossary-title" href="#"></a>' +
-                                      '  </p>' +
-                                      '  <div class="glossary-body"></div>' +
-                                      '</div>';
-              let searchResults = document.getElementById('search-results');
-              searchResults.insertAdjacentHTML('afterbegin', RESULT_TEMPLATE);
-
-              const params = new URLSearchParams(document.location.search).get("q");
-              if (params) {
-                const searchParam = params.toLowerCase();
-                const glossaryItem = glossary[searchParam];
-                if (glossaryItem) {
-                  let resultDiv = document.getElementById('glossary-result');
-
-                  // set up the title text with a link to the glossary page
-                  let glossaryTitle = resultDiv.querySelector('.glossary-title');
-                  glossaryTitle.textContent = 'Glossary: ' + glossaryItem.title;
-                  const linkTarget = searchParam.replace(/ /g, '-');
-                  glossaryTitle.href = GLOSSARY_PAGE + '#term-' + linkTarget;
-
-                  // rewrite any anchor links (to other glossary terms)
-                  // to have a full reference to the glossary page
-                  let body = document.createElement('div');
-                  body.innerHTML = glossaryItem.body;
-                  const anchorLinks = body.querySelectorAll('a[href^="#"]');
-                  anchorLinks.forEach(function(link) {
-                    const currentUrl = link.getAttribute('href');
-                    link.href = GLOSSARY_PAGE + currentUrl;
-                  });
-                  resultDiv.querySelector('.glossary-body').appendChild(body);
-
-                  resultDiv.style.display = '';
-                } else {
-                  document.getElementById('glossary-result').style.display = 'none';
-                }
-              }
-            })
-            .catch(function(error) {
-              console.error(error);
-            });
-        });
-    </script>
+    <script type="text/javascript" src="{{ pathto('_static/glossary_search.js', resource=True) }}"></script>
+{% endblock %}
+{% block searchresults %}
+<div id="search-results">
+  {# For glossary_search.js #}
+  <div style="display: none;" class="admonition seealso" id="glossary-result">
+    <p class="topic-title">
+    <a id="glossary-title" href="#"></a>
+    </p>
+  <div id="glossary-body"></div>
+</div>
+</div>
 {% endblock %}
diff --git a/Doc/tutorial/appendix.rst b/Doc/tutorial/appendix.rst
index b8faf756698097..6a1611afadb57c 100644
--- a/Doc/tutorial/appendix.rst
+++ b/Doc/tutorial/appendix.rst
@@ -14,13 +14,13 @@ There are two variants of the interactive :term:`REPL`.  The classic
 basic interpreter is supported on all platforms with minimal line
 control capabilities.
 
-On Unix-like systems (e.g. Linux or macOS) with :mod:`curses` and
-:mod:`readline` support, a new interactive shell is used by default.
+On Windows, or Unix-like systems with :mod:`curses` support,
+a new interactive shell is used by default.
 This one supports color, multiline editing, history browsing, and
 paste mode.  To disable color, see :ref:`using-on-controlling-color` for
 details.  Function keys provide some additional functionality.
 :kbd:`F1` enters the interactive help browser :mod:`pydoc`.
-:kbd:`F2` allows for browsing command-line history without output nor the
+:kbd:`F2` allows for browsing command-line history with neither output nor the
 :term:`>>>` and :term:`...` prompts. :kbd:`F3` enters "paste mode", which
 makes pasting larger blocks of code easier. Press :kbd:`F3` to return to
 the regular prompt.
diff --git a/Doc/tutorial/classes.rst b/Doc/tutorial/classes.rst
index 1b64741c349ee9..492568961d8a51 100644
--- a/Doc/tutorial/classes.rst
+++ b/Doc/tutorial/classes.rst
@@ -276,8 +276,8 @@ definition looked like this::
 then ``MyClass.i`` and ``MyClass.f`` are valid attribute references, returning
 an integer and a function object, respectively. Class attributes can also be
 assigned to, so you can change the value of ``MyClass.i`` by assignment.
-:attr:`!__doc__` is also a valid attribute, returning the docstring belonging to
-the class: ``"A simple example class"``.
+:attr:`~type.__doc__` is also a valid attribute, returning the docstring
+belonging to the class: ``"A simple example class"``.
 
 Class *instantiation* uses function notation.  Just pretend that the class
 object is a parameterless function that returns a new instance of the class.
@@ -688,6 +688,11 @@ current class name with leading underscore(s) stripped.  This mangling is done
 without regard to the syntactic position of the identifier, as long as it
 occurs within the definition of a class.
 
+.. seealso::
+
+   The :ref:`private name mangling specifications <private-name-mangling>`
+   for details and special cases.
+
 Name mangling is helpful for letting subclasses override methods without
 breaking intraclass method calls.  For example::
 
@@ -927,6 +932,6 @@ Examples::
 
 .. [#] Except for one thing.  Module objects have a secret read-only attribute called
    :attr:`~object.__dict__` which returns the dictionary used to implement the module's
-   namespace; the name :attr:`~object.__dict__` is an attribute but not a global name.
+   namespace; the name ``__dict__`` is an attribute but not a global name.
    Obviously, using this violates the abstraction of namespace implementation, and
    should be restricted to things like post-mortem debuggers.
diff --git a/Doc/tutorial/controlflow.rst b/Doc/tutorial/controlflow.rst
index 77444f9cb8358d..b830ce94ba4f47 100644
--- a/Doc/tutorial/controlflow.rst
+++ b/Doc/tutorial/controlflow.rst
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ they appear in the sequence.  For example (no pun intended):
 ::
 
    >>> # Measure some strings:
-   ... words = ['cat', 'window', 'defenestrate']
+   >>> words = ['cat', 'window', 'defenestrate']
    >>> for w in words:
    ...     print(w, len(w))
    ...
@@ -160,21 +160,59 @@ arguments.  In chapter :ref:`tut-structures`, we will discuss in more detail abo
 
 .. _tut-break:
 
-:keyword:`!break` and :keyword:`!continue` Statements, and :keyword:`!else` Clauses on Loops
-============================================================================================
+:keyword:`!break` and :keyword:`!continue` Statements
+=====================================================
 
 The :keyword:`break` statement breaks out of the innermost enclosing
-:keyword:`for` or :keyword:`while` loop.
+:keyword:`for` or :keyword:`while` loop::
 
-A :keyword:`!for` or :keyword:`!while` loop can include an :keyword:`!else` clause.
+    >>> for n in range(2, 10):
+    ...     for x in range(2, n):
+    ...         if n % x == 0:
+    ...             print(f"{n} equals {x} * {n//x}")
+    ...             break
+    ...
+    4 equals 2 * 2
+    6 equals 2 * 3
+    8 equals 2 * 4
+    9 equals 3 * 3
+
+The :keyword:`continue` statement continues with the next
+iteration of the loop::
+
+    >>> for num in range(2, 10):
+    ...     if num % 2 == 0:
+    ...         print(f"Found an even number {num}")
+    ...         continue
+    ...     print(f"Found an odd number {num}")
+    ...
+    Found an even number 2
+    Found an odd number 3
+    Found an even number 4
+    Found an odd number 5
+    Found an even number 6
+    Found an odd number 7
+    Found an even number 8
+    Found an odd number 9
+
+.. _tut-for-else:
+
+:keyword:`!else` Clauses on Loops
+=================================
+
+In a :keyword:`!for` or :keyword:`!while` loop the :keyword:`!break` statement
+may be paired with an :keyword:`!else` clause.  If the loop finishes without
+executing the :keyword:`!break`, the :keyword:`!else` clause executes.
 
 In a :keyword:`for` loop, the :keyword:`!else` clause is executed
-after the loop reaches its final iteration.
+after the loop finishes its final iteration, that is, if no break occurred.
 
 In a :keyword:`while` loop, it's executed after the loop's condition becomes false.
 
-In either kind of loop, the :keyword:`!else` clause is **not** executed
-if the loop was terminated by a :keyword:`break`.
+In either kind of loop, the :keyword:`!else` clause is **not** executed if the
+loop was terminated by a :keyword:`break`.  Of course, other ways of ending the
+loop early, such as a :keyword:`return` or a raised exception, will also skip
+execution of the :keyword:`else` clause.
 
 This is exemplified in the following :keyword:`!for` loop,
 which searches for prime numbers::
@@ -198,32 +236,19 @@ which searches for prime numbers::
    9 equals 3 * 3
 
 (Yes, this is the correct code.  Look closely: the ``else`` clause belongs to
-the :keyword:`for` loop, **not** the :keyword:`if` statement.)
+the ``for`` loop, **not** the ``if`` statement.)
 
-When used with a loop, the ``else`` clause has more in common with the
-``else`` clause of a :keyword:`try` statement than it does with that of
-:keyword:`if` statements: a :keyword:`try` statement's ``else`` clause runs
-when no exception occurs, and a loop's ``else`` clause runs when no ``break``
-occurs. For more on the :keyword:`!try` statement and exceptions, see
-:ref:`tut-handling`.
-
-The :keyword:`continue` statement, also borrowed from C, continues with the next
-iteration of the loop::
+One way to think of the else clause is to imagine it paired with the ``if``
+inside the loop.  As the loop executes, it will run a sequence like
+if/if/if/else. The ``if`` is inside the loop, encountered a number of times. If
+the condition is ever true, a ``break`` will happen. If the condition is never
+true, the ``else`` clause outside the loop will execute.
 
-    >>> for num in range(2, 10):
-    ...     if num % 2 == 0:
-    ...         print("Found an even number", num)
-    ...         continue
-    ...     print("Found an odd number", num)
-    ...
-    Found an even number 2
-    Found an odd number 3
-    Found an even number 4
-    Found an odd number 5
-    Found an even number 6
-    Found an odd number 7
-    Found an even number 8
-    Found an odd number 9
+When used with a loop, the ``else`` clause has more in common with the ``else``
+clause of a :keyword:`try` statement than it does with that of ``if``
+statements: a ``try`` statement's ``else`` clause runs when no exception
+occurs, and a loop's ``else`` clause runs when no ``break`` occurs. For more on
+the ``try`` statement and exceptions, see :ref:`tut-handling`.
 
 .. _tut-pass:
 
@@ -436,8 +461,8 @@ Defining Functions
 We can create a function that writes the Fibonacci series to an arbitrary
 boundary::
 
-   >>> def fib(n):    # write Fibonacci series up to n
-   ...     """Print a Fibonacci series up to n."""
+   >>> def fib(n):    # write Fibonacci series less than n
+   ...     """Print a Fibonacci series less than n."""
    ...     a, b = 0, 1
    ...     while a < n:
    ...         print(a, end=' ')
@@ -445,7 +470,7 @@ boundary::
    ...     print()
    ...
    >>> # Now call the function we just defined:
-   ... fib(2000)
+   >>> fib(2000)
    0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 89 144 233 377 610 987 1597
 
 .. index::
@@ -807,7 +832,7 @@ parameters as there is a ``/`` in the function definition::
      File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
    TypeError: pos_only_arg() got some positional-only arguments passed as keyword arguments: 'arg'
 
-The third function ``kwd_only_args`` only allows keyword arguments as indicated
+The third function ``kwd_only_arg`` only allows keyword arguments as indicated
 by a ``*`` in the function definition::
 
    >>> kwd_only_arg(3)
diff --git a/Doc/tutorial/datastructures.rst b/Doc/tutorial/datastructures.rst
index a1492298bdb867..31941bc112a135 100644
--- a/Doc/tutorial/datastructures.rst
+++ b/Doc/tutorial/datastructures.rst
@@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ objects:
 .. method:: list.append(x)
    :noindex:
 
-   Add an item to the end of the list.  Equivalent to ``a[len(a):] = [x]``.
+   Add an item to the end of the list.  Similar to ``a[len(a):] = [x]``.
 
 
 .. method:: list.extend(iterable)
    :noindex:
 
-   Extend the list by appending all the items from the iterable.  Equivalent to
+   Extend the list by appending all the items from the iterable.  Similar to
    ``a[len(a):] = iterable``.
 
 
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ objects:
 .. method:: list.clear()
    :noindex:
 
-   Remove all items from the list.  Equivalent to ``del a[:]``.
+   Remove all items from the list.  Similar to ``del a[:]``.
 
 
 .. method:: list.index(x[, start[, end]])
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ objects:
 .. method:: list.copy()
    :noindex:
 
-   Return a shallow copy of the list.  Equivalent to ``a[:]``.
+   Return a shallow copy of the list.  Similar to ``a[:]``.
 
 
 An example that uses most of the list methods::
@@ -383,16 +383,16 @@ A tuple consists of a number of values separated by commas, for instance::
    >>> t
    (12345, 54321, 'hello!')
    >>> # Tuples may be nested:
-   ... u = t, (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+   >>> u = t, (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
    >>> u
    ((12345, 54321, 'hello!'), (1, 2, 3, 4, 5))
    >>> # Tuples are immutable:
-   ... t[0] = 88888
+   >>> t[0] = 88888
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
    TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment
    >>> # but they can contain mutable objects:
-   ... v = ([1, 2, 3], [3, 2, 1])
+   >>> v = ([1, 2, 3], [3, 2, 1])
    >>> v
    ([1, 2, 3], [3, 2, 1])
 
@@ -465,7 +465,7 @@ Here is a brief demonstration::
    False
 
    >>> # Demonstrate set operations on unique letters from two words
-   ...
+   >>>
    >>> a = set('abracadabra')
    >>> b = set('alacazam')
    >>> a                                  # unique letters in a
diff --git a/Doc/tutorial/errors.rst b/Doc/tutorial/errors.rst
index 981b14f5a4212b..4c61cbb2b5bc3d 100644
--- a/Doc/tutorial/errors.rst
+++ b/Doc/tutorial/errors.rst
@@ -45,14 +45,20 @@ programs, however, and result in error messages as shown here::
    >>> 10 * (1/0)
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
+       10 * (1/0)
+             ~^~
    ZeroDivisionError: division by zero
    >>> 4 + spam*3
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
+       4 + spam*3
+           ^^^^
    NameError: name 'spam' is not defined
    >>> '2' + 2
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
+       '2' + 2
+       ~~~~^~~
    TypeError: can only concatenate str (not "int") to str
 
 The last line of the error message indicates what happened. Exceptions come in
@@ -252,6 +258,7 @@ exception to occur. For example::
    >>> raise NameError('HiThere')
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
+       raise NameError('HiThere')
    NameError: HiThere
 
 The sole argument to :keyword:`raise` indicates the exception to be raised.
@@ -275,6 +282,7 @@ re-raise the exception::
    An exception flew by!
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "<stdin>", line 2, in <module>
+       raise NameError('HiThere')
    NameError: HiThere
 
 
@@ -294,12 +302,15 @@ message::
     ...
     Traceback (most recent call last):
       File "<stdin>", line 2, in <module>
+        open("database.sqlite")
+        ~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
     FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'database.sqlite'
     <BLANKLINE>
     During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
     <BLANKLINE>
     Traceback (most recent call last):
       File "<stdin>", line 4, in <module>
+        raise RuntimeError("unable to handle error")
     RuntimeError: unable to handle error
 
 To indicate that an exception is a direct consequence of another, the
@@ -320,6 +331,8 @@ This can be useful when you are transforming exceptions. For example::
     ...
     Traceback (most recent call last):
       File "<stdin>", line 2, in <module>
+        func()
+        ~~~~^^
       File "<stdin>", line 2, in func
     ConnectionError
     <BLANKLINE>
@@ -327,6 +340,7 @@ This can be useful when you are transforming exceptions. For example::
     <BLANKLINE>
     Traceback (most recent call last):
       File "<stdin>", line 4, in <module>
+        raise RuntimeError('Failed to open database') from exc
     RuntimeError: Failed to open database
 
 It also allows disabling automatic exception chaining using the ``from None``
@@ -339,6 +353,7 @@ idiom::
     ...
     Traceback (most recent call last):
       File "<stdin>", line 4, in <module>
+        raise RuntimeError from None
     RuntimeError
 
 For more information about chaining mechanics, see :ref:`bltin-exceptions`.
@@ -381,6 +396,7 @@ example::
    Goodbye, world!
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "<stdin>", line 2, in <module>
+       raise KeyboardInterrupt
    KeyboardInterrupt
 
 If a :keyword:`finally` clause is present, the :keyword:`!finally`
@@ -448,7 +464,11 @@ A more complicated example::
    executing finally clause
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
+       divide("2", "1")
+       ~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^
      File "<stdin>", line 3, in divide
+       result = x / y
+                ~~^~~
    TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for /: 'str' and 'str'
 
 As you can see, the :keyword:`finally` clause is executed in any event.  The
@@ -511,8 +531,11 @@ caught like any other exception. ::
    >>> f()
      + Exception Group Traceback (most recent call last):
      |   File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
+     |     f()
+     |     ~^^
      |   File "<stdin>", line 3, in f
-     | ExceptionGroup: there were problems
+     |     raise ExceptionGroup('there were problems', excs)
+     | ExceptionGroup: there were problems (2 sub-exceptions)
      +-+---------------- 1 ----------------
        | OSError: error 1
        +---------------- 2 ----------------
@@ -560,10 +583,15 @@ other clauses and eventually to be reraised. ::
    There were SystemErrors
      + Exception Group Traceback (most recent call last):
      |   File "<stdin>", line 2, in <module>
+     |     f()
+     |     ~^^
      |   File "<stdin>", line 2, in f
-     | ExceptionGroup: group1
+     |     raise ExceptionGroup(
+     |     ...<12 lines>...
+     |     )
+     | ExceptionGroup: group1 (1 sub-exception)
      +-+---------------- 1 ----------------
-       | ExceptionGroup: group2
+       | ExceptionGroup: group2 (1 sub-exception)
        +-+---------------- 1 ----------------
          | RecursionError: 4
          +------------------------------------
@@ -607,6 +635,7 @@ includes all notes, in the order they were added, after the exception. ::
    ...
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "<stdin>", line 2, in <module>
+       raise TypeError('bad type')
    TypeError: bad type
    Add some information
    Add some more information
@@ -630,23 +659,33 @@ exception in the group has a note indicating when this error has occurred. ::
    >>> raise ExceptionGroup('We have some problems', excs)
      + Exception Group Traceback (most recent call last):
      |   File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
+     |     raise ExceptionGroup('We have some problems', excs)
      | ExceptionGroup: We have some problems (3 sub-exceptions)
      +-+---------------- 1 ----------------
        | Traceback (most recent call last):
        |   File "<stdin>", line 3, in <module>
+       |     f()
+       |     ~^^
        |   File "<stdin>", line 2, in f
+       |     raise OSError('operation failed')
        | OSError: operation failed
        | Happened in Iteration 1
        +---------------- 2 ----------------
        | Traceback (most recent call last):
        |   File "<stdin>", line 3, in <module>
+       |     f()
+       |     ~^^
        |   File "<stdin>", line 2, in f
+       |     raise OSError('operation failed')
        | OSError: operation failed
        | Happened in Iteration 2
        +---------------- 3 ----------------
        | Traceback (most recent call last):
        |   File "<stdin>", line 3, in <module>
+       |     f()
+       |     ~^^
        |   File "<stdin>", line 2, in f
+       |     raise OSError('operation failed')
        | OSError: operation failed
        | Happened in Iteration 3
        +------------------------------------
diff --git a/Doc/tutorial/floatingpoint.rst b/Doc/tutorial/floatingpoint.rst
index 0795e2fef98830..dfe2d1d3a8378f 100644
--- a/Doc/tutorial/floatingpoint.rst
+++ b/Doc/tutorial/floatingpoint.rst
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 .. _tut-fp-issues:
 
 **************************************************
-Floating Point Arithmetic:  Issues and Limitations
+Floating-Point Arithmetic:  Issues and Limitations
 **************************************************
 
 .. sectionauthor:: Tim Peters <tim_one@users.sourceforge.net>
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ the one with 17 significant digits, ``0.10000000000000001``.   Starting with
 Python 3.1, Python (on most systems) is now able to choose the shortest of
 these and simply display ``0.1``.
 
-Note that this is in the very nature of binary floating-point: this is not a bug
+Note that this is in the very nature of binary floating point: this is not a bug
 in Python, and it is not a bug in your code either.  You'll see the same kind of
 thing in all languages that support your hardware's floating-point arithmetic
 (although some languages may not *display* the difference by default, or in all
@@ -148,13 +148,13 @@ Binary floating-point arithmetic holds many surprises like this.  The problem
 with "0.1" is explained in precise detail below, in the "Representation Error"
 section.  See `Examples of Floating Point Problems
 <https://jvns.ca/blog/2023/01/13/examples-of-floating-point-problems/>`_ for
-a pleasant summary of how binary floating-point works and the kinds of
+a pleasant summary of how binary floating point works and the kinds of
 problems commonly encountered in practice.  Also see
 `The Perils of Floating Point <http://www.indowsway.com/floatingpoint.htm>`_
 for a more complete account of other common surprises.
 
 As that says near the end, "there are no easy answers."  Still, don't be unduly
-wary of floating-point!  The errors in Python float operations are inherited
+wary of floating point!  The errors in Python float operations are inherited
 from the floating-point hardware, and on most machines are on the order of no
 more than 1 part in 2\*\*53 per operation.  That's more than adequate for most
 tasks, but you do need to keep in mind that it's not decimal arithmetic and
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ accumulate to the point where they affect the final total:
    >>> sum([0.1] * 10) == 1.0
    True
 
-The :func:`math.fsum()` goes further and tracks all of the "lost digits"
+The :func:`math.fsum` goes further and tracks all of the "lost digits"
 as values are added onto a running total so that the result has only a
 single rounding.  This is slower than :func:`sum` but will be more
 accurate in uncommon cases where large magnitude inputs mostly cancel
diff --git a/Doc/tutorial/inputoutput.rst b/Doc/tutorial/inputoutput.rst
index b93a0e8cec2d38..2e6fd419b21106 100644
--- a/Doc/tutorial/inputoutput.rst
+++ b/Doc/tutorial/inputoutput.rst
@@ -87,12 +87,12 @@ Some examples::
    >>> print(s)
    The value of x is 32.5, and y is 40000...
    >>> # The repr() of a string adds string quotes and backslashes:
-   ... hello = 'hello, world\n'
+   >>> hello = 'hello, world\n'
    >>> hellos = repr(hello)
    >>> print(hellos)
    'hello, world\n'
    >>> # The argument to repr() may be any Python object:
-   ... repr((x, y, ('spam', 'eggs')))
+   >>> repr((x, y, ('spam', 'eggs')))
    "(32.5, 40000, ('spam', 'eggs'))"
 
 The :mod:`string` module contains a :class:`~string.Template` class that offers
diff --git a/Doc/tutorial/introduction.rst b/Doc/tutorial/introduction.rst
index 0f16dae8b1418f..65e3b1938bca9c 100644
--- a/Doc/tutorial/introduction.rst
+++ b/Doc/tutorial/introduction.rst
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ For example::
    20
    >>> (50 - 5*6) / 4
    5.0
-   >>> 8 / 5  # division always returns a floating point number
+   >>> 8 / 5  # division always returns a floating-point number
    1.6
 
 The integer numbers (e.g. ``2``, ``4``, ``20``) have type :class:`int`,
@@ -197,21 +197,19 @@ and workarounds.
 String literals can span multiple lines.  One way is using triple-quotes:
 ``"""..."""`` or ``'''...'''``.  End of lines are automatically
 included in the string, but it's possible to prevent this by adding a ``\`` at
-the end of the line.  The following example::
-
-   print("""\
+the end of the line.  In the following example, the initial newline is not
+included::
+
+   >>> print("""\
+   ... Usage: thingy [OPTIONS]
+   ...      -h                        Display this usage message
+   ...      -H hostname               Hostname to connect to
+   ... """)
    Usage: thingy [OPTIONS]
         -h                        Display this usage message
         -H hostname               Hostname to connect to
-   """)
-
-produces the following output (note that the initial newline is not included):
 
-.. code-block:: text
-
-   Usage: thingy [OPTIONS]
-        -h                        Display this usage message
-        -H hostname               Hostname to connect to
+   >>>
 
 Strings can be concatenated (glued together) with the ``+`` operator, and
 repeated with ``*``::
@@ -501,8 +499,8 @@ together.  For instance, we can write an initial sub-sequence of the
 as follows::
 
    >>> # Fibonacci series:
-   ... # the sum of two elements defines the next
-   ... a, b = 0, 1
+   >>> # the sum of two elements defines the next
+   >>> a, b = 0, 1
    >>> while a < 10:
    ...     print(a)
    ...     a, b = b, a+b
@@ -544,7 +542,7 @@ This example introduces several new features.
 * The :func:`print` function writes the value of the argument(s) it is given.
   It differs from just writing the expression you want to write (as we did
   earlier in the calculator examples) in the way it handles multiple arguments,
-  floating point quantities, and strings.  Strings are printed without quotes,
+  floating-point quantities, and strings.  Strings are printed without quotes,
   and a space is inserted between items, so you can format things nicely, like
   this::
 
diff --git a/Doc/tutorial/modules.rst b/Doc/tutorial/modules.rst
index 0316239e776a95..de7aa0e2342946 100644
--- a/Doc/tutorial/modules.rst
+++ b/Doc/tutorial/modules.rst
@@ -585,8 +585,9 @@ as the main module of a Python application must always use absolute imports.
 Packages in Multiple Directories
 --------------------------------
 
-Packages support one more special attribute, :attr:`__path__`.  This is
-initialized to be a list containing the name of the directory holding the
+Packages support one more special attribute, :attr:`~module.__path__`.  This is
+initialized to be a :term:`sequence` of strings containing the name of the
+directory holding the
 package's :file:`__init__.py` before the code in that file is executed.  This
 variable can be modified; doing so affects future searches for modules and
 subpackages contained in the package.
diff --git a/Doc/tutorial/stdlib.rst b/Doc/tutorial/stdlib.rst
index 86c94429339dfc..4b3eef313e76d7 100644
--- a/Doc/tutorial/stdlib.rst
+++ b/Doc/tutorial/stdlib.rst
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ Mathematics
 ===========
 
 The :mod:`math` module gives access to the underlying C library functions for
-floating point math::
+floating-point math::
 
    >>> import math
    >>> math.cos(math.pi / 4)
diff --git a/Doc/tutorial/stdlib2.rst b/Doc/tutorial/stdlib2.rst
index 4bc810ce36c71b..a2f96b34b2dead 100644
--- a/Doc/tutorial/stdlib2.rst
+++ b/Doc/tutorial/stdlib2.rst
@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ Many data structure needs can be met with the built-in list type. However,
 sometimes there is a need for alternative implementations with different
 performance trade-offs.
 
-The :mod:`array` module provides an :class:`~array.array()` object that is like
+The :mod:`array` module provides an :class:`~array.array` object that is like
 a list that stores only homogeneous data and stores it more compactly.  The
 following example shows an array of numbers stored as two byte unsigned binary
 numbers (typecode ``"H"``) rather than the usual 16 bytes per entry for regular
@@ -306,7 +306,7 @@ lists of Python int objects::
    >>> a[1:3]
    array('H', [10, 700])
 
-The :mod:`collections` module provides a :class:`~collections.deque()` object
+The :mod:`collections` module provides a :class:`~collections.deque` object
 that is like a list with faster appends and pops from the left side but slower
 lookups in the middle. These objects are well suited for implementing queues
 and breadth first tree searches::
@@ -352,11 +352,11 @@ not want to run a full list sort::
 
 .. _tut-decimal-fp:
 
-Decimal Floating Point Arithmetic
+Decimal Floating-Point Arithmetic
 =================================
 
 The :mod:`decimal` module offers a :class:`~decimal.Decimal` datatype for
-decimal floating point arithmetic.  Compared to the built-in :class:`float`
+decimal floating-point arithmetic.  Compared to the built-in :class:`float`
 implementation of binary floating point, the class is especially helpful for
 
 * financial applications and other uses which require exact decimal
diff --git a/Doc/tutorial/venv.rst b/Doc/tutorial/venv.rst
index 91e4ce18acef1d..f362e1943b666f 100644
--- a/Doc/tutorial/venv.rst
+++ b/Doc/tutorial/venv.rst
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ virtual environment you're using, and modify the environment so that running
 ``python`` will get you that particular version and installation of Python.
 For example:
 
-.. code-block:: bash
+.. code-block:: console
 
   $ source ~/envs/tutorial-env/bin/activate
   (tutorial-env) $ python
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ complete documentation for ``pip``.)
 
 You can install the latest version of a package by specifying a package's name:
 
-.. code-block:: bash
+.. code-block:: console
 
   (tutorial-env) $ python -m pip install novas
   Collecting novas
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ You can install the latest version of a package by specifying a package's name:
 You can also install a specific version of a package by giving the
 package name  followed by ``==`` and the version number:
 
-.. code-block:: bash
+.. code-block:: console
 
   (tutorial-env) $ python -m pip install requests==2.6.0
   Collecting requests==2.6.0
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ version is already installed and do nothing.  You can supply a
 different version number to get that version, or you can run ``python
 -m pip install --upgrade`` to upgrade the package to the latest version:
 
-.. code-block:: bash
+.. code-block:: console
 
   (tutorial-env) $ python -m pip install --upgrade requests
   Collecting requests
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ remove the packages from the virtual environment.
 
 ``python -m pip show`` will display information about a particular package:
 
-.. code-block:: bash
+.. code-block:: console
 
   (tutorial-env) $ python -m pip show requests
   ---
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ remove the packages from the virtual environment.
 ``python -m pip list`` will display all of the packages installed in
 the virtual environment:
 
-.. code-block:: bash
+.. code-block:: console
 
   (tutorial-env) $ python -m pip list
   novas (3.1.1.3)
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ the virtual environment:
 but the output uses the format that ``python -m pip install`` expects.
 A common convention is to put this list in a ``requirements.txt`` file:
 
-.. code-block:: bash
+.. code-block:: console
 
   (tutorial-env) $ python -m pip freeze > requirements.txt
   (tutorial-env) $ cat requirements.txt
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ The ``requirements.txt`` can then be committed to version control and
 shipped as part of an application.  Users can then install all the
 necessary packages with ``install -r``:
 
-.. code-block:: bash
+.. code-block:: console
 
   (tutorial-env) $ python -m pip install -r requirements.txt
   Collecting novas==3.1.1.3 (from -r requirements.txt (line 1))
diff --git a/Doc/using/android.rst b/Doc/using/android.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..957705f7f5e189
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Doc/using/android.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+.. _using-android:
+
+=======================
+Using Python on Android
+=======================
+
+Python on Android is unlike Python on desktop platforms. On a desktop platform,
+Python is generally installed as a system resource that can be used by any user
+of that computer. Users then interact with Python by running a :program:`python`
+executable and entering commands at an interactive prompt, or by running a
+Python script.
+
+On Android, there is no concept of installing as a system resource. The only unit
+of software distribution is an "app". There is also no console where you could
+run a :program:`python` executable, or interact with a Python REPL.
+
+As a result, the only way you can use Python on Android is in embedded mode – that
+is, by writing a native Android application, embedding a Python interpreter
+using ``libpython``, and invoking Python code using the :ref:`Python embedding
+API <embedding>`. The full Python interpreter, the standard library, and all
+your Python code is then packaged into your app for its own private use.
+
+The Python standard library has some notable omissions and restrictions on
+Android. See the :ref:`API availability guide <mobile-availability>` for
+details.
+
+Adding Python to an Android app
+-------------------------------
+
+These instructions are only needed if you're planning to compile Python for
+Android yourself. Most users should *not* need to do this. Instead, use one of
+the following tools, which will provide a much easier experience:
+
+* `Briefcase <https://briefcase.readthedocs.io>`__, from the BeeWare project
+* `Buildozer <https://buildozer.readthedocs.io>`__, from the Kivy project
+* `Chaquopy <https://chaquo.com/chaquopy>`__
+* `pyqtdeploy <https://www.riverbankcomputing.com/static/Docs/pyqtdeploy/>`__
+* `Termux <https://termux.dev/en/>`__
+
+If you're sure you want to do all of this manually, read on. You can use the
+:source:`testbed app <Android/testbed>` as a guide; each step below contains a
+link to the relevant file.
+
+* Build Python by following the instructions in :source:`Android/README.md`.
+
+* Add code to your :source:`build.gradle <Android/testbed/app/build.gradle.kts>`
+  file to copy the following items into your project. All except your own Python
+  code can be copied from ``cross-build/HOST/prefix/lib``:
+
+  * In your JNI libraries:
+
+    * ``libpython*.*.so``
+    * ``lib*_python.so`` (external libraries such as OpenSSL)
+
+  * In your assets:
+
+    * ``python*.*`` (the Python standard library)
+    * ``python*.*/site-packages`` (your own Python code)
+
+* Add code to your app to :source:`extract the assets to the filesystem
+  <Android/testbed/app/src/main/java/org/python/testbed/MainActivity.kt>`.
+
+* Add code to your app to :source:`start Python in embedded mode
+  <Android/testbed/app/src/main/c/main_activity.c>`. This will need to be C code
+  called via JNI.
diff --git a/Doc/using/cmdline.rst b/Doc/using/cmdline.rst
index 7b2019625eb27a..6cf42b27718022 100644
--- a/Doc/using/cmdline.rst
+++ b/Doc/using/cmdline.rst
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ Command line
 
 When invoking Python, you may specify any of these options::
 
-    python [-bBdEhiIOqsSuvVWx?] [-c command | -m module-name | script | - ] [args]
+    python [-bBdEhiIOPqRsSuvVWx?] [-c command | -m module-name | script | - ] [args]
 
 The most common use case is, of course, a simple invocation of a script::
 
@@ -447,6 +447,7 @@ Miscellaneous options
        -Wdefault  # Warn once per call location
        -Werror    # Convert to exceptions
        -Walways   # Warn every time
+       -Wall      # Same as -Walways
        -Wmodule   # Warn once per calling module
        -Wonce     # Warn once per Python process
        -Wignore   # Never warn
@@ -621,9 +622,9 @@ Miscellaneous options
      .. versionadded:: 3.13
 
    * :samp:`-X gil={0,1}` forces the GIL to be disabled or enabled,
-     respectively. Only available in builds configured with
+     respectively. Setting to ``0`` is only available in builds configured with
      :option:`--disable-gil`. See also :envvar:`PYTHON_GIL` and
-     :ref:`free-threaded-cpython`.
+     :ref:`whatsnew313-free-threaded-cpython`.
 
      .. versionadded:: 3.13
 
@@ -792,6 +793,15 @@ conflict.
    This variable can also be modified by Python code using :data:`os.environ`
    to force inspect mode on program termination.
 
+   .. audit-event:: cpython.run_stdin "" ""
+
+   .. versionchanged:: 3.12.5 (also 3.11.10, 3.10.15, 3.9.20, and 3.8.20)
+      Emits audit events.
+
+   .. versionchanged:: 3.13
+      Uses PyREPL if possible, in which case :envvar:`PYTHONSTARTUP` is
+      also executed. Emits audit events.
+
 
 .. envvar:: PYTHONUNBUFFERED
 
@@ -915,6 +925,7 @@ conflict.
        PYTHONWARNINGS=default  # Warn once per call location
        PYTHONWARNINGS=error    # Convert to exceptions
        PYTHONWARNINGS=always   # Warn every time
+       PYTHONWARNINGS=all      # Same as PYTHONWARNINGS=always
        PYTHONWARNINGS=module   # Warn once per calling module
        PYTHONWARNINGS=once     # Warn once per Python process
        PYTHONWARNINGS=ignore   # Never warn
@@ -1020,7 +1031,7 @@ conflict.
    'surrogatepass' are used.
 
    This may also be enabled at runtime with
-   :func:`sys._enablelegacywindowsfsencoding()`.
+   :func:`sys._enablelegacywindowsfsencoding`.
 
    .. availability:: Windows.
 
@@ -1210,12 +1221,11 @@ conflict.
 .. envvar:: PYTHON_GIL
 
    If this variable is set to ``1``, the global interpreter lock (GIL) will be
-   forced on. Setting it to ``0`` forces the GIL off.
+   forced on. Setting it to ``0`` forces the GIL off (needs Python configured with
+   the :option:`--disable-gil` build option).
 
    See also the :option:`-X gil <-X>` command-line option, which takes
-   precedence over this variable, and :ref:`free-threaded-cpython`.
-
-   Needs Python configured with the :option:`--disable-gil` build option.
+   precedence over this variable, and :ref:`whatsnew313-free-threaded-cpython`.
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.13
 
diff --git a/Doc/using/configure.rst b/Doc/using/configure.rst
index 428ee5275276a0..0e7b1be5b4bc2e 100644
--- a/Doc/using/configure.rst
+++ b/Doc/using/configure.rst
@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@ Features and minimum versions required to build CPython:
 
 * On Windows, Microsoft Visual Studio 2017 or later is required.
 
-* Support for `IEEE 754 <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_754>`_ floating
-  point numbers and `floating point Not-a-Number (NaN)
+* Support for `IEEE 754 <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_754>`_
+  floating-point numbers and `floating-point Not-a-Number (NaN)
   <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NaN#Floating_point>`_.
 
 * Support for threads.
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ Features and minimum versions required to build CPython:
 
 * Tcl/Tk 8.5.12 for the :mod:`tkinter` module.
 
-* Autoconf 2.71 and aclocal 1.16.4 are required to regenerate the
+* Autoconf 2.71 and aclocal 1.16.5 are required to regenerate the
   :file:`configure` script.
 
 .. versionchanged:: 3.1
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ Features and minimum versions required to build CPython:
    Tcl/Tk version 8.5.12 is now required for the :mod:`tkinter` module.
 
 .. versionchanged:: 3.13
-   Autoconf 2.71, aclocal 1.16.4 and SQLite 3.15.2 are now required.
+   Autoconf 2.71, aclocal 1.16.5 and SQLite 3.15.2 are now required.
 
 See also :pep:`7` "Style Guide for C Code" and :pep:`11` "CPython platform
 support".
@@ -183,12 +183,6 @@ General Options
 
    See :envvar:`PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE` and the :pep:`538`.
 
-.. option:: --without-freelists
-
-   Disable all freelists except the empty tuple singleton.
-
-   .. versionadded:: 3.11
-
 .. option:: --with-platlibdir=DIRNAME
 
    Python library directory name (default is ``lib``).
@@ -299,7 +293,7 @@ General Options
    Defines the ``Py_GIL_DISABLED`` macro and adds ``"t"`` to
    :data:`sys.abiflags`.
 
-   See :ref:`free-threaded-cpython` for more detail.
+   See :ref:`whatsnew313-free-threaded-cpython` for more detail.
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.13
 
@@ -427,7 +421,7 @@ Options for third-party dependencies
 .. option:: PANEL_CFLAGS
 .. option:: PANEL_LIBS
 
-   C compiler and Linker flags for PANEL, overriding ``pkg-config``.
+   C compiler and linker flags for PANEL, overriding ``pkg-config``.
 
    C compiler and linker flags for ``libpanel`` or ``libpanelw``, used by
    :mod:`curses.panel` module, overriding ``pkg-config``.
@@ -615,7 +609,7 @@ also be used to improve performance.
 
 .. option:: --without-mimalloc
 
-   Disable the fast mimalloc allocator :ref:`mimalloc <mimalloc>`
+   Disable the fast :ref:`mimalloc <mimalloc>` allocator
    (enabled by default).
 
    See also :envvar:`PYTHONMALLOC` environment variable.
@@ -708,7 +702,7 @@ Debug options
    Effects:
 
    * Define the ``Py_TRACE_REFS`` macro.
-   * Add :func:`!sys.getobjects` function.
+   * Add :func:`sys.getobjects` function.
    * Add :envvar:`PYTHONDUMPREFS` environment variable.
 
    The :envvar:`PYTHONDUMPREFS` environment variable can be used to dump
@@ -907,6 +901,38 @@ Security Options
       The settings ``python`` and *STRING* also set TLS 1.2 as minimum
       protocol version.
 
+.. option:: --disable-safety
+
+   Disable compiler options that are `recommended by OpenSSF`_ for security reasons with no performance overhead.
+   If this option is not enabled, CPython will be built based on safety compiler options with no slow down.
+   When this option is enabled, CPython will not be built with the compiler options listed below.
+
+   The following compiler options are disabled with :option:`!--disable-safety`:
+
+   * `-fstack-protector-strong`_: Enable run-time checks for stack-based buffer overflows.
+   * `-Wtrampolines`_: Enable warnings about trampolines that require executable stacks.
+
+   .. _recommended by OpenSSF: https://github.com/ossf/wg-best-practices-os-developers/blob/main/docs/Compiler-Hardening-Guides/Compiler-Options-Hardening-Guide-for-C-and-C++.md
+   .. _-fstack-protector-strong: https://github.com/ossf/wg-best-practices-os-developers/blob/main/docs/Compiler-Hardening-Guides/Compiler-Options-Hardening-Guide-for-C-and-C++.md#enable-run-time-checks-for-stack-based-buffer-overflows
+   .. _-Wtrampolines: https://github.com/ossf/wg-best-practices-os-developers/blob/main/docs/Compiler-Hardening-Guides/Compiler-Options-Hardening-Guide-for-C-and-C++.md#enable-warning-about-trampolines-that-require-executable-stacks
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.14
+
+.. option:: --enable-slower-safety
+
+   Enable compiler options that are `recommended by OpenSSF`_ for security reasons which require overhead.
+   If this option is not enabled, CPython will not be built based on safety compiler options which performance impact.
+   When this option is enabled, CPython will be built with the compiler options listed below.
+
+   The following compiler options are enabled with :option:`!--enable-slower-safety`:
+
+   * `-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=3`_: Fortify sources with compile- and run-time checks for unsafe libc usage and buffer overflows.
+
+   .. _-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=3: https://github.com/ossf/wg-best-practices-os-developers/blob/main/docs/Compiler-Hardening-Guides/Compiler-Options-Hardening-Guide-for-C-and-C++.md#fortify-sources-for-unsafe-libc-usage-and-buffer-overflows
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.14
+
+
 macOS Options
 -------------
 
@@ -945,6 +971,17 @@ See :source:`Mac/README.rst`.
    Specify the name for the python framework on macOS only valid when
    :option:`--enable-framework` is set (default: ``Python``).
 
+.. option:: --with-app-store-compliance
+.. option:: --with-app-store-compliance=PATCH-FILE
+
+   The Python standard library contains strings that are known to trigger
+   automated inspection tool errors when submitted for distribution by
+   the macOS and iOS App Stores. If enabled, this option will apply the list of
+   patches that are known to correct app store compliance. A custom patch
+   file can also be specified. This option is disabled by default.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.13
+
 iOS Options
 -----------
 
@@ -1090,7 +1127,7 @@ Remove built files.
 make distclean
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
-In addition to the the work done by ``make clean``, remove files
+In addition to the work done by ``make clean``, remove files
 created by the configure script.  ``configure`` will have to be run
 before building again. [#]_
 
diff --git a/Doc/using/index.rst b/Doc/using/index.rst
index f55a12f1ab8a0d..90fdfc0bec0583 100644
--- a/Doc/using/index.rst
+++ b/Doc/using/index.rst
@@ -12,11 +12,13 @@ interpreter and things that make working with Python easier.
 
 .. toctree::
    :numbered:
+   :maxdepth: 2
 
    cmdline.rst
    unix.rst
    configure.rst
    windows.rst
    mac.rst
+   android.rst
    ios.rst
    editors.rst
diff --git a/Doc/using/ios.rst b/Doc/using/ios.rst
index 71fc29c450c8eb..4d4eb2031ee980 100644
--- a/Doc/using/ios.rst
+++ b/Doc/using/ios.rst
@@ -33,6 +33,17 @@ running, so you only need to deal with the Python code itself.
 Python at runtime on iOS
 ========================
 
+iOS version compatibility
+-------------------------
+
+The minimum supported iOS version is specified at compile time, using the
+:option:`--host` option to ``configure``. By default, when compiled for iOS,
+Python will be compiled with a minimum supported iOS version of 13.0. To use a
+different minimum iOS version, provide the version number as part of the
+:option:`!--host` argument - for example,
+``--host=arm64-apple-ios15.4-simulator`` would compile an ARM64 simulator build
+with a deployment target of 15.4.
+
 Platform identification
 -----------------------
 
@@ -42,17 +53,17 @@ the simulator or a physical device.
 
 Information about the specific runtime environment, including the iOS version,
 device model, and whether the device is a simulator, can be obtained using
-:func:`platform.ios_ver()`. :func:`platform.system()` will report ``iOS`` or
+:func:`platform.ios_ver`. :func:`platform.system` will report ``iOS`` or
 ``iPadOS``, depending on the device.
 
-:func:`os.uname()` reports kernel-level details; it will report a name of
+:func:`os.uname` reports kernel-level details; it will report a name of
 ``Darwin``.
 
 Standard library availability
 -----------------------------
 
 The Python standard library has some notable omissions and restrictions on
-iOS. See the :ref:`API availability guide for iOS <iOS-availability>` for
+iOS. See the :ref:`API availability guide for iOS <mobile-availability>` for
 details.
 
 Binary extension modules
@@ -312,3 +323,21 @@ modules in your app, some additional steps will be required:
 
 * If you're using a separate folder for third-party packages, ensure that folder
   is included as part of the ``PYTHONPATH`` configuration in step 10.
+
+App Store Compliance
+====================
+
+The only mechanism for distributing apps to third-party iOS devices is to
+submit the app to the iOS App Store; apps submitted for distribution must pass
+Apple's app review process. This process includes a set of automated validation
+rules that inspect the submitted application bundle for problematic code.
+
+The Python standard library contains some code that is known to violate these
+automated rules. While these violations appear to be false positives, Apple's
+review rules cannot be challenged; so, it is necessary to modify the Python
+standard library for an app to pass App Store review.
+
+The Python source tree contains
+:source:`a patch file <Mac/Resources/app-store-compliance.patch>` that will remove
+all code that is known to cause issues with the App Store review process. This
+patch is applied automatically when building for iOS.
diff --git a/Doc/using/mac.rst b/Doc/using/mac.rst
index 31d37aad2a7408..4b6c884f3d4f25 100644
--- a/Doc/using/mac.rst
+++ b/Doc/using/mac.rst
@@ -2,140 +2,223 @@
 .. _using-on-mac:
 
 *********************
-Using Python on a Mac
+Using Python on macOS
 *********************
 
-:Author: Bob Savage <bobsavage@mac.com>
+.. sectionauthor:: Bob Savage <bobsavage@mac.com>
+.. sectionauthor:: Ned Deily <nad@python.org>
 
+This document aims to give an overview of macOS-specific behavior you should
+know about to get started with Python on Mac computers.
+Python on a Mac running macOS is very similar to Python on other Unix-derived platforms,
+but there are some differences in installation and some features.
 
-Python on a Mac running macOS is in principle very similar to Python on
-any other Unix platform, but there are a number of additional features such as
-the integrated development environment (IDE) and the Package Manager that are
-worth pointing out.
+There are various ways to obtain and install Python for macOS.
+Pre-built versions of the most recent versions of Python are available
+from a number of distributors. Much of this document describes use of
+the Pythons provided by the CPython release team for download from
+the `python.org website <https://www.python.org/downloads/>`_. See
+:ref:`alternative_bundles` for some other options.
 
+.. |usemac_x_dot_y| replace:: 3.13
+.. |usemac_python_x_dot_y_literal| replace:: ``python3.13``
+.. |usemac_python_x_dot_y_t_literal| replace:: ``python3.13t``
+.. |usemac_python_x_dot_y_t_literal_config| replace:: ``python3.13t-config``
+.. |usemac_applications_folder_name| replace:: ``Python 3.13``
+.. |usemac_applications_folder_version| replace:: ``/Applications/Python 3.13/``
 
 .. _getting-osx:
 .. _getting-and-installing-macpython:
 
-Getting and Installing Python
-=============================
+Using Python for macOS from ``python.org``
+==========================================
 
-macOS used to come with Python 2.7 pre-installed between versions
-10.8 and `12.3 <https://developer.apple.com/documentation/macos-release-notes/macos-12_3-release-notes#Python>`_.
-You are invited to install the most recent version of Python 3 from the `Python
-website <https://www.python.org/downloads/macos/>`__.
-A current "universal2 binary" build of Python, which runs natively on the Mac's
-new Apple Silicon and legacy Intel processors, is available there.
+Installation steps
+------------------
 
-What you get after installing is a number of things:
+For `current Python versions <https://www.python.org/downloads/>`_
+(other than those in ``security`` status), the release team produces a
+**Python for macOS** installer package for each new release.
+A list of available installers
+is available `here <https://www.python.org/downloads/macos/>`_.
+We recommend using the most recent supported Python version where possible.
+Current installers provide a
+`universal2 binary <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_binary>`_ build
+of Python which runs natively on all Macs (Apple Silicon and Intel) that are
+supported by a wide range of macOS versions,
+currently typically from at least **macOS 10.13 High Sierra** on.
 
-* A |python_version_literal| folder in your :file:`Applications` folder. In here
-  you find IDLE, the development environment that is a standard part of official
+The downloaded file is a standard macOS installer package file (``.pkg``).
+File integrity information (checksum, size, sigstore signature, etc) for each file is included
+on the release download page. Installer packages and their contents are signed and notarized
+with ``Python Software Foundation`` Apple Developer ID certificates
+to meet `macOS Gatekeeper requirements <https://support.apple.com/en-us/102445>`_.
+
+For a default installation, double-click on the downloaded installer package file.
+This should launch the standard macOS Installer app and display the first of several
+installer windows steps.
+
+.. image:: mac_installer_01_introduction.png
+
+Clicking on the **Continue** button brings up the **Read Me** for this installer.
+Besides other important information, the **Read Me** documents which Python version is
+going to be installed and on what versions of macOS it is supported. You may need
+to scroll through to read the whole file. By default, this **Read Me** will also be
+installed in |usemac_applications_folder_version| and available to read anytime.
+
+.. image:: mac_installer_02_readme.png
+
+Clicking on **Continue** proceeds to display the license for Python and for
+other included software. You will then need to **Agree** to the license terms
+before proceeding to the next step. This license file will also be installed
+and available to be read later.
+
+.. image:: mac_installer_03_license.png
+
+After the license terms are accepted, the next step is the **Installation Type**
+display. For most uses, the standard set of installation operations is appropriate.
+
+.. image:: mac_installer_04_installation_type.png
+
+By pressing the **Customize** button, you can choose to omit or select certain package
+components of the installer. Click on each package name to see a description of
+what it installs.
+To also install support for the optional experimental free-threaded feature,
+see :ref:`install-freethreaded-macos`.
+
+.. image:: mac_installer_05_custom_install.png
+
+In either case, clicking **Install** will begin the install process by asking
+permission to install new software. A macOS user name with ``Administrator`` privilege
+is needed as the installed Python will be available to all users of the Mac.
+
+When the installation is complete, the **Summary** window will appear.
+
+.. image:: mac_installer_06_summary.png
+
+Double-click on the :command:`Install Certificates.command`
+icon or file in the |usemac_applications_folder_version| window to complete the
+installation.
+
+.. image:: mac_installer_07_applications.png
+
+This will open a temporary :program:`Terminal` shell window that
+will use the new Python to download and install SSL root certificates
+for its use.
+
+.. image:: mac_installer_08_install_certificates.png
+
+If ``Successfully installed certifi`` and ``update complete`` appears
+in the terminal window, the installation is complete.
+Close this terminal window and the installer window.
+
+A default install will include:
+
+* A |usemac_applications_folder_name| folder in your :file:`Applications` folder. In here
+  you find :program:`IDLE`, the development environment that is a standard part of official
   Python distributions; and :program:`Python Launcher`, which handles double-clicking Python
-  scripts from the Finder.
+  scripts from the macOS `Finder <https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT201732>`_.
 
 * A framework :file:`/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework`, which includes the
   Python executable and libraries. The installer adds this location to your shell
-  path. To uninstall Python, you can remove these three things. A
-  symlink to the Python executable is placed in :file:`/usr/local/bin/`.
+  path. To uninstall Python, you can remove these three things.
+  Symlinks to the Python executable are placed in :file:`/usr/local/bin/`.
 
 .. note::
 
-   On macOS 10.8-12.3, the Apple-provided build of Python is installed in
-   :file:`/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework` and :file:`/usr/bin/python`,
-   respectively. You should never modify or delete these, as they are
-   Apple-controlled and are used by Apple- or third-party software.  Remember that
-   if you choose to install a newer Python version from python.org, you will have
-   two different but functional Python installations on your computer, so it will
-   be important that your paths and usages are consistent with what you want to do.
-
-IDLE includes a Help menu that allows you to access Python documentation. If you
-are completely new to Python you should start reading the tutorial introduction
-in that document.
-
-If you are familiar with Python on other Unix platforms you should read the
-section on running Python scripts from the Unix shell.
-
+   Recent versions of macOS include a :command:`python3` command in :file:`/usr/bin/python3`
+   that links to a usually older and incomplete version of Python provided by and for use by
+   the Apple development tools, :program:`Xcode` or the :program:`Command Line Tools for Xcode`.
+   You should never modify or attempt to delete this installation, as it is
+   Apple-controlled and is used by Apple-provided or third-party software.  If
+   you choose to install a newer Python version from ``python.org``, you will have
+   two different but functional Python installations on your computer that
+   can co-exist. The default installer options should ensure that its :command:`python3`
+   will be used instead of the system :command:`python3`.
 
 How to run a Python script
 --------------------------
 
-Your best way to get started with Python on macOS is through the IDLE
-integrated development environment; see section :ref:`ide` and use the Help menu
-when the IDE is running.
+There are two ways to invoke the Python interpreter.
+If you are familiar with using a Unix shell in a terminal
+window, you can invoke |usemac_python_x_dot_y_literal| or ``python3`` optionally
+followed by one or more command line options (described in :ref:`using-on-general`).
+The Python tutorial also has a useful section on
+:ref:`using Python interactively from a shell <tut-interac>`.
+
+You can also invoke the interpreter through an integrated
+development environment.
+:ref:`idle` is a basic editor and interpreter environment
+which is included with the standard distribution of Python.
+:program:`IDLE` includes a Help menu that allows you to access Python documentation. If you
+are completely new to Python, you can read the tutorial introduction
+in that document.
+
+There are many other editors and IDEs available, see :ref:`editors`
+for more information.
 
-If you want to run Python scripts from the Terminal window command line or from
-the Finder you first need an editor to create your script. macOS comes with a
-number of standard Unix command line editors, :program:`vim`
-:program:`nano` among them. If you want a more Mac-like editor,
-:program:`BBEdit` from Bare Bones Software (see
-https://www.barebones.com/products/bbedit/index.html) are good choices, as is
-:program:`TextMate` (see https://macromates.com). Other editors include
-:program:`MacVim` (https://macvim.org) and :program:`Aquamacs`
-(https://aquamacs.org).
+To run a Python script file from the terminal window, you can
+invoke the interpreter with the name of the script file:
 
-To run your script from the Terminal window you must make sure that
-:file:`/usr/local/bin` is in your shell search path.
+    |usemac_python_x_dot_y_literal| ``myscript.py``
 
-To run your script from the Finder you have two options:
+To run your script from the Finder, you can either:
 
 * Drag it to :program:`Python Launcher`.
 
 * Select :program:`Python Launcher` as the default application to open your
-  script (or any ``.py`` script) through the finder Info window and double-click it.
+  script (or any ``.py`` script) through the Finder Info window and double-click it.
   :program:`Python Launcher` has various preferences to control how your script is
   launched. Option-dragging allows you to change these for one invocation, or use
-  its Preferences menu to change things globally.
-
+  its ``Preferences`` menu to change things globally.
 
-.. _osx-gui-scripts:
-
-Running scripts with a GUI
---------------------------
+Be aware that running the script directly from the macOS Finder might
+produce different results than when running from a terminal window as
+the script will not be run in the usual shell environment including
+any setting of environment variables in shell profiles.
+And, as with any other script or program,
+be certain of what you are about to run.
 
-With older versions of Python, there is one macOS quirk that you need to be
-aware of: programs that talk to the Aqua window manager (in other words,
-anything that has a GUI) need to be run in a special way. Use :program:`pythonw`
-instead of :program:`python` to start such scripts.
+.. _alternative_bundles:
 
-With Python 3.9, you can use either :program:`python` or :program:`pythonw`.
+Alternative Distributions
+=========================
 
+Besides the standard ``python.org`` for macOS installer, there are third-party
+distributions for macOS that may include additional functionality.
+Some popular distributions and their key features:
 
-Configuration
--------------
+`ActivePython <https://www.activestate.com/products/python/>`_
+    Installer with multi-platform compatibility, documentation
 
-Python on macOS honors all standard Unix environment variables such as
-:envvar:`PYTHONPATH`, but setting these variables for programs started from the
-Finder is non-standard as the Finder does not read your :file:`.profile` or
-:file:`.cshrc` at startup. You need to create a file
-:file:`~/.MacOSX/environment.plist`. See Apple's
-`Technical Q&A QA1067 <https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/qa/qa1067/_index.html>`__
-for details.
+`Anaconda <https://www.anaconda.com/download/>`_
+    Popular scientific modules (such as numpy, scipy, and pandas) and the
+    ``conda`` package manager.
 
-For more information on installation Python packages, see section
-:ref:`mac-package-manager`.
+`Homebrew <https://brew.sh>`_
+    Package manager for macOS including multiple versions of Python and many
+    third-party Python-based packages (including numpy, scipy, and pandas).
 
+`MacPorts <https://www.macports.org>`_
+    Another package manager for macOS including multiple versions of Python and many
+    third-party Python-based packages. May include pre-built versions of Python and
+    many packages for older versions of macOS.
 
-.. _ide:
-
-The IDE
-=======
-
-Python ships with the standard IDLE development environment. A good
-introduction to using IDLE can be found at
-https://www.hashcollision.org/hkn/python/idle_intro/index.html.
-
+Note that distributions might not include the latest versions of Python or
+other libraries, and are not maintained or supported by the core Python team.
 
 .. _mac-package-manager:
 
 Installing Additional Python Packages
 =====================================
 
-This section has moved to the `Python Packaging User Guide`_.
+Refer to the `Python Packaging User Guide`_ for more information.
 
 .. _Python Packaging User Guide: https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/tutorials/installing-packages/
 
 
+.. _osx-gui-scripts:
+
 .. _gui-programming-on-the-mac:
 
 GUI Programming
@@ -143,36 +226,209 @@ GUI Programming
 
 There are several options for building GUI applications on the Mac with Python.
 
-*PyObjC* is a Python binding to Apple's Objective-C/Cocoa framework, which is
-the foundation of most modern Mac development. Information on PyObjC is
-available from :pypi:`pyobjc`.
-
 The standard Python GUI toolkit is :mod:`tkinter`, based on the cross-platform
-Tk toolkit (https://www.tcl.tk). An Aqua-native version of Tk is bundled with
-macOS by Apple, and the latest version can be downloaded and installed from
-https://www.activestate.com; it can also be built from source.
+Tk toolkit (https://www.tcl.tk). A macOS-native version of Tk is included with
+the installer.
 
-A number of alternative macOS GUI toolkits are available:
+*PyObjC* is a Python binding to Apple's Objective-C/Cocoa framework.
+Information on PyObjC is available from :pypi:`pyobjc`.
 
-* `PySide <https://www.qt.io/qt-for-python>`__: Official Python bindings to the
-  `Qt GUI toolkit <https://qt.io>`__.
+A number of alternative macOS GUI toolkits are available including:
 
-* `PyQt <https://riverbankcomputing.com/software/pyqt/intro>`__: Alternative
+* `PySide <https://www.qt.io/qt-for-python>`_: Official Python bindings to the
+  `Qt GUI toolkit <https://wiki.qt.io/Qt_for_Python>`_.
+
+* `PyQt <https://riverbankcomputing.com/software/pyqt/>`_: Alternative
   Python bindings to Qt.
 
-* `Kivy <https://kivy.org>`__: A cross-platform GUI toolkit that supports
+* `Kivy <https://kivy.org>`_: A cross-platform GUI toolkit that supports
   desktop and mobile platforms.
 
-* `Toga <https://toga.readthedocs.io>`__: Part of the `BeeWare Project
-  <https://beeware.org>`__; supports desktop, mobile, web and console apps.
+* `Toga <https://toga.readthedocs.io>`_: Part of the `BeeWare Project
+  <https://beeware.org>`_; supports desktop, mobile, web and console apps.
 
-* `wxPython <https://www.wxpython.org>`__: A cross-platform toolkit that
+* `wxPython <https://wxpython.org>`_: A cross-platform toolkit that
   supports desktop operating systems.
 
+
+Advanced Topics
+===============
+
+.. _install-freethreaded-macos:
+
+Installing Free-threaded Binaries
+---------------------------------
+
+.. versionadded:: 3.13 (Experimental)
+
+.. note::
+
+   Everything described in this section is considered experimental,
+   and should be expected to change in future releases.
+
+The ``python.org`` :ref:`Python for macOS <getting-and-installing-macpython>`
+installer package can optionally install an additional build of
+Python |usemac_x_dot_y| that supports :pep:`703`, the experimental free-threading feature
+(running with the :term:`global interpreter lock` disabled).
+Check the release page on ``python.org`` for possible updated information.
+
+Because this feature is still considered experimental, the support for it
+is not installed by default. It is packaged as a separate install option,
+available by clicking the **Customize** button on the **Installation Type**
+step of the installer as described above.
+
+.. image:: mac_installer_09_custom_install_free_threaded.png
+
+If the box next to the **Free-threaded Python** package name is checked,
+a separate :file:`PythonT.framework` will also be installed
+alongside the normal :file:`Python.framework` in :file:`/Library/Frameworks`.
+This configuration allows a free-threaded Python |usemac_x_dot_y| build to co-exist
+on your system with a traditional (GIL only) Python |usemac_x_dot_y| build with
+minimal risk while installing or testing. This installation layout is itself
+experimental and is subject to change in future releases.
+
+Known cautions and limitations:
+
+- The **UNIX command-line tools** package, which is selected by default,
+  will install links in :file:`/usr/local/bin` for |usemac_python_x_dot_y_t_literal|,
+  the free-threaded interpreter, and |usemac_python_x_dot_y_t_literal_config|,
+  a configuration utility which may be useful for package builders.
+  Since :file:`/usr/local/bin` is typically included in your shell ``PATH``,
+  in most cases no changes to your ``PATH`` environment variables should
+  be needed to use |usemac_python_x_dot_y_t_literal|.
+
+- For this release, the **Shell profile updater** package and the
+  :file:`Update Shell Profile.command` in |usemac_applications_folder_version|
+  do not support the free-threaded package.
+
+- The free-threaded build and the traditional build have separate search
+  paths and separate :file:`site-packages` directories so, by default,
+  if you need a package available in both builds, it may need to be installed in both.
+  The free-threaded package will install a separate instance of :program:`pip` for use
+  with |usemac_python_x_dot_y_t_literal|.
+
+  - To install a package using :command:`pip` without a :command:`venv`:
+
+        |usemac_python_x_dot_y_t_literal| ``-m pip install <package_name>``
+
+- When working with multiple Python environments, it is usually safest and easiest
+  to :ref:`create and use virtual environments <tut-venv>`.
+  This can avoid possible command name conflicts and confusion about which Python is in use:
+
+      |usemac_python_x_dot_y_t_literal| ``-m venv <venv_name>``
+
+  then :command:`activate`.
+
+- To run a free-threaded version of IDLE:
+
+      |usemac_python_x_dot_y_t_literal| ``-m idlelib``
+
+- The interpreters in both builds respond to the same
+  :ref:`PYTHON environment variables <using-on-envvars>`
+  which may have unexpected results, for example, if you have ``PYTHONPATH``
+  set in a shell profile. If necessary, there are
+  :ref:`command line options <using-on-interface-options>` like ``-E``
+  to ignore these environment variables.
+
+- The free-threaded build links to the third-party shared libraries,
+  such as ``OpenSSL`` and ``Tk``, installed in the traditional framework.
+  This means that both builds also share one set of trust certificates
+  as installed by the :command:`Install Certificates.command` script,
+  thus it only needs to be run once.
+
+- If you cannot depend on the link in ``/usr/local/bin`` pointing to the
+  ``python.org`` free-threaded |usemac_python_x_dot_y_t_literal| (for example, if you want
+  to install your own version there or some other distribution does),
+  you can explicitly set your shell ``PATH`` environment variable to
+  include the ``PythonT`` framework ``bin`` directory:
+
+  .. code-block:: sh
+
+     export PATH="/Library/Frameworks/PythonT.framework/Versions/3.13/bin":"$PATH"
+
+  The traditional framework installation by default does something similar,
+  except for :file:`Python.framework`. Be aware that having both framework ``bin``
+  directories in ``PATH`` can lead to confusion if there are duplicate names
+  like ``python3.13`` in both; which one is actually used depends on the order
+  they appear in ``PATH``. The ``which python3.x`` or ``which python3.xt``
+  commands can show which path is being used. Using virtual environments
+  can help avoid such ambiguities. Another option might be to create
+  a shell :command:`alias` to the desired interpreter, like:
+
+  .. code-block:: sh
+
+     alias py3.13="/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.13/bin/python3.13"
+     alias py3.13t="/Library/Frameworks/PythonT.framework/Versions/3.13/bin/python3.13t"
+
+Installing using the command line
+---------------------------------
+
+If you want to use automation to install the ``python.org`` installer package
+(rather than by using the familiar macOS :program:`Installer` GUI app),
+the macOS command line :command:`installer` utility lets you select non-default
+options, too. If you are not familiar with :command:`installer`, it can be
+somewhat cryptic (see :command:`man installer` for more information).
+As an example, the following shell snippet shows one way to do it,
+using the ``3.13.0b2`` release and selecting the free-threaded interpreter
+option:
+
+..  code-block:: sh
+
+    RELEASE="python-3.13.0b2-macos11.pkg"
+
+    # download installer pkg
+    curl -O https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.0/${RELEASE}
+
+    # create installer choicechanges to customize the install:
+    #    enable the PythonTFramework-3.13 package
+    #    while accepting the other defaults (install all other packages)
+    cat > ./choicechanges.plist <<EOF
+    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+    <!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
+    <plist version="1.0">
+    <array>
+            <dict>
+                    <key>attributeSetting</key>
+                    <integer>1</integer>
+                    <key>choiceAttribute</key>
+                    <string>selected</string>
+                    <key>choiceIdentifier</key>
+                    <string>org.python.Python.PythonTFramework-3.13</string>
+            </dict>
+    </array>
+    </plist>
+    EOF
+
+    sudo installer -pkg ./${RELEASE} -applyChoiceChangesXML ./choicechanges.plist -target /
+
+
+You can then test that both installer builds are now available with something like:
+
+..  code-block:: console
+
+    $ # test that the free-threaded interpreter was installed if the Unix Command Tools package was enabled
+    $ /usr/local/bin/python3.13t -VV
+    Python 3.13.0b2 experimental free-threading build (v3.13.0b2:3a83b172af, Jun  5 2024, 12:57:31) [Clang 15.0.0 (clang-1500.3.9.4)]
+    $ #    and the traditional interpreter
+    $ /usr/local/bin/python3.13 -VV
+    Python 3.13.0b2 (v3.13.0b2:3a83b172af, Jun  5 2024, 12:50:24) [Clang 15.0.0 (clang-1500.3.9.4)]
+    $ # test that they are also available without the prefix if /usr/local/bin is on $PATH
+    $ python3.13t -VV
+    Python 3.13.0b2 experimental free-threading build (v3.13.0b2:3a83b172af, Jun  5 2024, 12:57:31) [Clang 15.0.0 (clang-1500.3.9.4)]
+    $ python3.13 -VV
+    Python 3.13.0b2 (v3.13.0b2:3a83b172af, Jun  5 2024, 12:50:24) [Clang 15.0.0 (clang-1500.3.9.4)]
+
+.. note::
+
+   Current ``python.org`` installers only install to fixed locations like
+   :file:`/Library/Frameworks/`, :file:`/Applications`, and :file:`/usr/local/bin`.
+   You cannot use the :command:`installer` ``-domain`` option to install to
+   other locations.
+
 .. _distributing-python-applications-on-the-mac:
 
 Distributing Python Applications
-================================
+--------------------------------
 
 A range of tools exist for converting your Python code into a standalone
 distributable application:
@@ -180,22 +436,39 @@ distributable application:
 * :pypi:`py2app`: Supports creating macOS ``.app``
   bundles from a Python project.
 
-* `Briefcase <https://briefcase.readthedocs.io>`__: Part of the `BeeWare Project
-  <https://beeware.org>`__; a cross-platform packaging tool that supports
+* `Briefcase <https://briefcase.readthedocs.io>`_: Part of the `BeeWare Project
+  <https://beeware.org>`_; a cross-platform packaging tool that supports
   creation of ``.app`` bundles on macOS, as well as managing signing and
   notarization.
 
-* `PyInstaller <https://pyinstaller.org/>`__: A cross-platform packaging tool that creates
+* `PyInstaller <https://pyinstaller.org/>`_: A cross-platform packaging tool that creates
   a single file or folder as a distributable artifact.
 
-Other Resources
-===============
+App Store Compliance
+--------------------
+
+Apps submitted for distribution through the macOS App Store must pass Apple's
+app review process. This process includes a set of automated validation rules
+that inspect the submitted application bundle for problematic code.
 
-The Pythonmac-SIG mailing list is an excellent support resource for Python users
-and developers on the Mac:
+The Python standard library contains some code that is known to violate these
+automated rules. While these violations appear to be false positives, Apple's
+review rules cannot be challenged. Therefore, it is necessary to modify the
+Python standard library for an app to pass App Store review.
 
-https://www.python.org/community/sigs/current/pythonmac-sig/
+The Python source tree contains
+:source:`a patch file <Mac/Resources/app-store-compliance.patch>` that will remove
+all code that is known to cause issues with the App Store review process. This
+patch is applied automatically when CPython is configured with the
+:option:`--with-app-store-compliance` option.
 
-Another useful resource is the MacPython wiki:
+This patch is not normally required to use CPython on a Mac; nor is it required
+if you are distributing an app *outside* the macOS App Store. It is *only*
+required if you are using the macOS App Store as a distribution channel.
+
+Other Resources
+===============
 
-https://wiki.python.org/moin/MacPython
+The `python.org Help page <https://www.python.org/about/help/>`_ has links to many useful resources.
+The `Pythonmac-SIG mailing list <https://www.python.org/community/sigs/current/pythonmac-sig/>`_
+is another support resource specifically for Python users and developers on the Mac.
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diff --git a/Doc/using/unix.rst b/Doc/using/unix.rst
index 58838c28e6eb86..a2bcdab09a9282 100644
--- a/Doc/using/unix.rst
+++ b/Doc/using/unix.rst
@@ -17,12 +17,12 @@ On Linux
 
 Python comes preinstalled on most Linux distributions, and is available as a
 package on all others.  However there are certain features you might want to use
-that are not available on your distro's package.  You can easily compile the
+that are not available on your distro's package.  You can compile the
 latest version of Python from source.
 
-In the event that Python doesn't come preinstalled and isn't in the repositories as
-well, you can easily make packages for your own distro.  Have a look at the
-following links:
+In the event that the latest version of Python doesn't come preinstalled and isn't
+in the repositories as well, you can make packages for your own distro.  Have a
+look at the following links:
 
 .. seealso::
 
diff --git a/Doc/using/venv-create.inc b/Doc/using/venv-create.inc
deleted file mode 100644
index 354eb1541ceac2..00000000000000
--- a/Doc/using/venv-create.inc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,121 +0,0 @@
-Creation of :ref:`virtual environments <venv-def>` is done by executing the
-command ``venv``::
-
-    python -m venv /path/to/new/virtual/environment
-
-Running this command creates the target directory (creating any parent
-directories that don't exist already) and places a ``pyvenv.cfg`` file in it
-with a ``home`` key pointing to the Python installation from which the command
-was run (a common name for the target directory is ``.venv``).  It also creates
-a ``bin`` (or ``Scripts`` on Windows) subdirectory containing a copy/symlink
-of the Python binary/binaries (as appropriate for the platform or arguments
-used at environment creation time). It also creates an (initially empty)
-``lib/pythonX.Y/site-packages`` subdirectory (on Windows, this is
-``Lib\site-packages``). If an existing directory is specified, it will be
-re-used.
-
-.. versionchanged:: 3.5
-   The use of ``venv`` is now recommended for creating virtual environments.
-
-.. deprecated:: 3.6
-   ``pyvenv`` was the recommended tool for creating virtual environments for
-   Python 3.3 and 3.4, and is
-   :ref:`deprecated in Python 3.6 <whatsnew36-venv>`.
-
-.. highlight:: none
-
-On Windows, invoke the ``venv`` command as follows::
-
-    c:\>Python35\python -m venv c:\path\to\myenv
-
-Alternatively, if you configured the ``PATH`` and ``PATHEXT`` variables for
-your :ref:`Python installation <using-on-windows>`::
-
-    c:\>python -m venv c:\path\to\myenv
-
-The command, if run with ``-h``, will show the available options::
-
-   usage: venv [-h] [--system-site-packages] [--symlinks | --copies] [--clear]
-               [--upgrade] [--without-pip] [--prompt PROMPT] [--upgrade-deps]
-               [--without-scm-ignore-file]
-               ENV_DIR [ENV_DIR ...]
-
-   Creates virtual Python environments in one or more target directories.
-
-   positional arguments:
-   ENV_DIR               A directory to create the environment in.
-
-   options:
-   -h, --help            show this help message and exit
-   --system-site-packages
-                           Give the virtual environment access to the system
-                           site-packages dir.
-   --symlinks            Try to use symlinks rather than copies, when
-                           symlinks are not the default for the platform.
-   --copies              Try to use copies rather than symlinks, even when
-                           symlinks are the default for the platform.
-   --clear               Delete the contents of the environment directory if
-                           it already exists, before environment creation.
-   --upgrade             Upgrade the environment directory to use this
-                           version of Python, assuming Python has been upgraded
-                           in-place.
-   --without-pip         Skips installing or upgrading pip in the virtual
-                           environment (pip is bootstrapped by default)
-   --prompt PROMPT       Provides an alternative prompt prefix for this
-                           environment.
-   --upgrade-deps        Upgrade core dependencies (pip) to the latest
-                           version in PyPI
-   --without-scm-ignore-file
-                           Skips adding the default SCM ignore file to the
-                           environment directory (the default is a .gitignore
-                           file).
-
-   Once an environment has been created, you may wish to activate it, e.g. by
-   sourcing an activate script in its bin directory.
-
-.. versionchanged:: 3.13
-
-   ``--without-scm-ignore-file`` was added along with creating an ignore file
-   for ``git`` by default.
-
-.. versionchanged:: 3.12
-
-   ``setuptools`` is no longer a core venv dependency.
-
-.. versionchanged:: 3.9
-   Add ``--upgrade-deps`` option to upgrade pip + setuptools to the latest on PyPI
-
-.. versionchanged:: 3.4
-   Installs pip by default, added the ``--without-pip``  and ``--copies``
-   options
-
-.. versionchanged:: 3.4
-   In earlier versions, if the target directory already existed, an error was
-   raised, unless the ``--clear`` or ``--upgrade`` option was provided.
-
-.. note::
-   While symlinks are supported on Windows, they are not recommended. Of
-   particular note is that double-clicking ``python.exe`` in File Explorer
-   will resolve the symlink eagerly and ignore the virtual environment.
-
-.. note::
-   On Microsoft Windows, it may be required to enable the ``Activate.ps1``
-   script by setting the execution policy for the user. You can do this by
-   issuing the following PowerShell command:
-
-   PS C:\> Set-ExecutionPolicy -ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned -Scope CurrentUser
-
-   See `About Execution Policies
-   <https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=135170>`_
-   for more information.
-
-The created ``pyvenv.cfg`` file also includes the
-``include-system-site-packages`` key, set to ``true`` if ``venv`` is
-run with the ``--system-site-packages`` option, ``false`` otherwise.
-
-Unless the ``--without-pip`` option is given, :mod:`ensurepip` will be
-invoked to bootstrap ``pip`` into the virtual environment.
-
-Multiple paths can be given to ``venv``, in which case an identical virtual
-environment will be created, according to the given options, at each provided
-path.
diff --git a/Doc/using/windows.rst b/Doc/using/windows.rst
index ef98d32e8674ec..daaf8822af1161 100644
--- a/Doc/using/windows.rst
+++ b/Doc/using/windows.rst
@@ -23,8 +23,9 @@ available for application-local distributions.
 
 As specified in :pep:`11`, a Python release only supports a Windows platform
 while Microsoft considers the platform under extended support. This means that
-Python |version| supports Windows 8.1 and newer. If you require Windows 7
-support, please install Python 3.8.
+Python |version| supports Windows 10 and newer. If you require Windows 7
+support, please install Python 3.8. If you require Windows 8.1 support,
+please install Python 3.12.
 
 There are a number of different installers available for Windows, each with
 certain benefits and downsides.
@@ -608,7 +609,7 @@ key features:
     Popular scientific modules (such as numpy, scipy and pandas) and the
     ``conda`` package manager.
 
-`Enthought Deployment Manager <https://www.enthought.com/edm/>`_
+`Enthought Deployment Manager <https://assets.enthought.com/downloads/edm/>`_
     "The Next Generation Python Environment and Package Manager".
 
     Previously Enthought provided Canopy, but it `reached end of life in 2016
@@ -837,8 +838,8 @@ The short form of the argument (``-3``) only ever selects from core Python
 releases, and not other distributions. However, the longer form (``-V:3``) will
 select from any.
 
-The Company is matched on the full string, case-insenitive. The Tag is matched
-oneither the full string, or a prefix, provided the next character is a dot or a
+The Company is matched on the full string, case-insensitive. The Tag is matched
+on either the full string, or a prefix, provided the next character is a dot or a
 hyphen. This allows ``-V:3.1`` to match ``3.1-32``, but not ``3.10``. Tags are
 sorted using numerical ordering (``3.10`` is newer than ``3.1``), but are
 compared using text (``-V:3.01`` does not match ``3.1``).
@@ -1305,7 +1306,7 @@ shipped with PyWin32.  It is an embeddable IDE with a built-in debugger.
 
 .. seealso::
 
-   `Win32 How Do I...? <http://timgolden.me.uk/python/win32_how_do_i.html>`_
+   `Win32 How Do I...? <https://timgolden.me.uk/python/win32_how_do_i.html>`_
       by Tim Golden
 
    `Python and COM <https://www.boddie.org.uk/python/COM.html>`_
diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/2.1.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/2.1.rst
index b4002f06e92adc..f23f27c994d717 100644
--- a/Doc/whatsnew/2.1.rst
+++ b/Doc/whatsnew/2.1.rst
@@ -443,8 +443,8 @@ Python syntax::
    f.grammar = "A ::= B (C D)*"
 
 The dictionary containing attributes can be accessed as the function's
-:attr:`~object.__dict__`. Unlike the :attr:`~object.__dict__` attribute of class instances, in
-functions you can actually assign a new dictionary to :attr:`~object.__dict__`, though
+:attr:`~function.__dict__`. Unlike the :attr:`~type.__dict__` attribute of class instances, in
+functions you can actually assign a new dictionary to :attr:`~function.__dict__`, though
 the new value is restricted to a regular Python dictionary; you *can't* be
 tricky and set it to a :class:`!UserDict` instance, or any other random object
 that behaves like a mapping.
@@ -644,9 +644,9 @@ New and Improved Modules
   lists the function arguments and the local variables for each frame.
 
 * Various functions in the :mod:`time` module, such as :func:`~time.asctime` and
-  :func:`~time.localtime`, require a floating point argument containing the time in
+  :func:`~time.localtime`, require a floating-point argument containing the time in
   seconds since the epoch.  The most common use of these functions is to work with
-  the current time, so the floating point argument has been made optional; when a
+  the current time, so the floating-point argument has been made optional; when a
   value isn't provided, the current time will be used.  For example, log file
   entries usually need a string containing the current time; in Python 2.1,
   ``time.asctime()`` can be used, instead of the lengthier
diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/2.2.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/2.2.rst
index d4dbe0570fbda5..856be5ecfa56ad 100644
--- a/Doc/whatsnew/2.2.rst
+++ b/Doc/whatsnew/2.2.rst
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ attributes of their own:
 
 * :attr:`~definition.__name__` is the attribute's name.
 
-* :attr:`!__doc__` is the attribute's docstring.
+* :attr:`~definition.__doc__` is the attribute's docstring.
 
 * ``__get__(object)`` is a method that retrieves the attribute value from
   *object*.
@@ -186,7 +186,8 @@ are::
    descriptor = obj.__class__.x
    descriptor.__get__(obj)
 
-For methods, :meth:`!descriptor.__get__` returns a temporary object that's
+For methods, :meth:`descriptor.__get__ <object.__get__>` returns a temporary
+object that's
 callable, and wraps up the instance and the method to be called on it. This is
 also why static methods and class methods are now possible; they have
 descriptors that wrap up just the method, or the method and the class.  As a
@@ -1249,7 +1250,7 @@ Some of the more notable changes are:
 
 * The :func:`pow` built-in function no longer supports 3 arguments when
   floating-point numbers are supplied. ``pow(x, y, z)`` returns ``(x**y) % z``,
-  but this is never useful for floating point numbers, and the final result varies
+  but this is never useful for floating-point numbers, and the final result varies
   unpredictably depending on the platform.  A call such as ``pow(2.0, 8.0, 7.0)``
   will now raise a :exc:`TypeError` exception.
 
diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/2.3.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/2.3.rst
index 8adf36e316c6fb..ac463f82cfb8ca 100644
--- a/Doc/whatsnew/2.3.rst
+++ b/Doc/whatsnew/2.3.rst
@@ -1113,10 +1113,10 @@ Here are all of the changes that Python 2.3 makes to the core Python language.
      <type '_socket.socket'>
 
 * One of the noted incompatibilities between old- and new-style classes has been
-  removed: you can now assign to the :attr:`~definition.__name__` and :attr:`~class.__bases__`
+  removed: you can now assign to the :attr:`~type.__name__` and :attr:`~type.__bases__`
   attributes of new-style classes.  There are some restrictions on what can be
-  assigned to :attr:`~class.__bases__` along the lines of those relating to assigning to
-  an instance's :attr:`~instance.__class__` attribute.
+  assigned to :attr:`!__bases__` along the lines of those relating to assigning to
+  an instance's :attr:`~object.__class__` attribute.
 
 .. ======================================================================
 
@@ -1382,7 +1382,7 @@ complete list of changes, or look through the CVS logs for all the details.
   In Python 2.4, the default will change to always returning floats.
 
   Application developers should enable this feature only if all their libraries
-  work properly when confronted with floating point time stamps, or if they use
+  work properly when confronted with floating-point time stamps, or if they use
   the tuple API. If used, the feature should be activated on an application level
   instead of trying to enable it on a per-use basis.
 
@@ -1925,8 +1925,8 @@ Changes to Python's build process and to the C API include:
   dependence on a system version or local installation of Expat.
 
 * If you dynamically allocate type objects in your extension, you should be
-  aware of a change in the rules relating to the :attr:`!__module__` and
-  :attr:`~definition.__name__` attributes.  In summary, you will want to ensure the type's
+  aware of a change in the rules relating to the :attr:`~type.__module__` and
+  :attr:`~type.__name__` attributes.  In summary, you will want to ensure the type's
   dictionary contains a ``'__module__'`` key; making the module name the part of
   the type name leading up to the final period will no longer have the desired
   effect.  For more detail, read the API reference documentation or the  source.
diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/2.4.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/2.4.rst
index 7e235d4370edaa..7628cfefe0ec96 100644
--- a/Doc/whatsnew/2.4.rst
+++ b/Doc/whatsnew/2.4.rst
@@ -684,11 +684,11 @@ includes a quick-start tutorial and a reference.
       Written by Facundo Batista and implemented by Facundo Batista, Eric Price,
       Raymond Hettinger, Aahz, and Tim Peters.
 
-   http://www.lahey.com/float.htm
+   `http://www.lahey.com/float.htm <https://web.archive.org/web/20230604072523/http://www.lahey.com/float.htm>`__
       The article uses Fortran code to illustrate many of the problems that
       floating-point inaccuracy can cause.
 
-   http://speleotrove.com/decimal/
+   https://speleotrove.com/decimal/
       A description of a decimal-based representation.  This representation is being
       proposed as a standard, and underlies the new Python decimal type.  Much of this
       material was written by Mike Cowlishaw, designer of the Rexx language.
@@ -757,7 +757,7 @@ API that perform ASCII-only conversions, ignoring the locale setting:
   :c:expr:`double` to an ASCII string.
 
 The code for these functions came from the GLib library
-(https://developer-old.gnome.org/glib/2.26/), whose developers kindly
+(`https://developer-old.gnome.org/glib/2.26/ <http://web.archive.org/web/20210306104320/https://developer.gnome.org/glib/2.26/>`__), whose developers kindly
 relicensed the relevant functions and donated them to the Python Software
 Foundation.  The :mod:`locale` module  can now change the numeric locale,
 letting extensions such as GTK+  produce the correct results.
diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/2.5.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/2.5.rst
index 2ae26e7a106a0b..3430ac8668e280 100644
--- a/Doc/whatsnew/2.5.rst
+++ b/Doc/whatsnew/2.5.rst
@@ -1724,7 +1724,7 @@ attribute of the function object to  change this::
 :mod:`ctypes` also provides a wrapper for Python's C API  as the
 ``ctypes.pythonapi`` object.  This object does *not*  release the global
 interpreter lock before calling a function, because the lock must be held when
-calling into the interpreter's code.   There's a :class:`py_object()` type
+calling into the interpreter's code.   There's a :class:`~ctypes.py_object` type
 constructor that will create a  :c:expr:`PyObject *` pointer.  A simple usage::
 
    import ctypes
@@ -1734,7 +1734,7 @@ constructor that will create a  :c:expr:`PyObject *` pointer.  A simple usage::
              ctypes.py_object("abc"),  ctypes.py_object(1))
    # d is now {'abc', 1}.
 
-Don't forget to use :class:`py_object()`; if it's omitted you end  up with a
+Don't forget to use :func:`~ctypes.py_object`; if it's omitted you end  up with a
 segmentation fault.
 
 :mod:`ctypes` has been around for a while, but people still write  and
diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/2.6.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/2.6.rst
index fc2de7124859a8..fdccfb7deb1ed7 100644
--- a/Doc/whatsnew/2.6.rst
+++ b/Doc/whatsnew/2.6.rst
@@ -502,12 +502,12 @@ Python's :option:`-m` switch allows running a module as a script.
 When you ran a module that was located inside a package, relative
 imports didn't work correctly.
 
-The fix for Python 2.6 adds a :attr:`__package__` attribute to
-modules.  When this attribute is present, relative imports will be
+The fix for Python 2.6 adds a :attr:`module.__package__` attribute.
+When this attribute is present, relative imports will be
 relative to the value of this attribute instead of the
-:attr:`__name__` attribute.
+:attr:`~module.__name__` attribute.
 
-PEP 302-style importers can then set :attr:`__package__` as necessary.
+PEP 302-style importers can then set :attr:`~module.__package__` as necessary.
 The :mod:`runpy` module that implements the :option:`-m` switch now
 does this, so relative imports will now work correctly in scripts
 running from inside a package.
@@ -1453,7 +1453,7 @@ that will be the numerator and denominator of the resulting fraction. ::
     Fraction(5, 3)
 
 For converting floating-point numbers to rationals,
-the float type now has an :meth:`as_integer_ratio()` method that returns
+the float type now has an :meth:`as_integer_ratio` method that returns
 the numerator and denominator for a fraction that evaluates to the same
 floating-point value::
 
@@ -2273,7 +2273,7 @@ changes, or look through the Subversion logs for all the details.
   (Contributed by Guido van Rossum from work for Google App Engine;
   :issue:`3487`.)
 
-* The :mod:`rlcompleter` module's :meth:`Completer.complete()` method
+* The :mod:`rlcompleter` module's :meth:`Completer.complete` method
   will now ignore exceptions triggered while evaluating a name.
   (Fixed by Lorenz Quack; :issue:`2250`.)
 
@@ -2566,7 +2566,7 @@ changes, or look through the Subversion logs for all the details.
     :meth:`tracer`, and :meth:`speed` methods.
   * The ability to set new shapes for the turtle, and to
     define a new coordinate system.
-  * Turtles now have an :meth:`undo()` method that can roll back actions.
+  * Turtles now have an :meth:`undo` method that can roll back actions.
   * Simple support for reacting to input events such as mouse and keyboard
     activity, making it possible to write simple games.
   * A :file:`turtle.cfg` file can be used to customize the starting appearance
@@ -3051,7 +3051,7 @@ Changes to Python's build process and to the C API include:
 
 * Several functions return information about the platform's
   floating-point support.  :c:func:`PyFloat_GetMax` returns
-  the maximum representable floating point value,
+  the maximum representable floating-point value,
   and :c:func:`PyFloat_GetMin` returns the minimum
   positive value.  :c:func:`PyFloat_GetInfo` returns an object
   containing more information from the :file:`float.h` file, such as
diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst
index c45f0887b41f4f..0e4dee0bd24fb2 100644
--- a/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst
+++ b/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst
@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ modules.
   configuration files can now be read, modified, and then written back
   in their original order.
 
-* The :meth:`~collections.somenamedtuple._asdict()` method for
+* The :meth:`~collections.somenamedtuple._asdict` method for
   :func:`collections.namedtuple` now returns an ordered dictionary with the
   values appearing in the same order as the underlying tuple indices.
 
@@ -1198,7 +1198,7 @@ changes, or look through the Subversion logs for all the details.
   of the operands.  Previously such comparisons would fall back to
   Python's default rules for comparing objects, which produced arbitrary
   results based on their type.  Note that you still cannot combine
-  :class:`!Decimal` and floating-point in other operations such as addition,
+  :class:`!Decimal` and floating point in other operations such as addition,
   since you should be explicitly choosing how to convert between float and
   :class:`!Decimal`.  (Fixed by Mark Dickinson; :issue:`2531`.)
 
@@ -1548,7 +1548,7 @@ changes, or look through the Subversion logs for all the details.
   *ciphers* argument that's a string listing the encryption algorithms
   to be allowed; the format of the string is described
   `in the OpenSSL documentation
-  <https://www.openssl.org/docs/man1.0.2/man1/ciphers.html>`__.
+  <https://docs.openssl.org/1.0.2/man1/ciphers/>`__.
   (Added by Antoine Pitrou; :issue:`8322`.)
 
   Another change makes the extension load all of OpenSSL's ciphers and
@@ -2680,14 +2680,12 @@ automatic ``PATH`` modifications to have ``pip`` available from the command
 line by default, otherwise it can still be accessed through the Python
 launcher for Windows as ``py -m pip``.
 
-As `discussed in the PEP`__, platform packagers may choose not to install
+As :pep:`discussed in the PEP <0477#disabling-ensurepip-by-downstream-distributors>`,
+platform packagers may choose not to install
 these commands by default, as long as, when invoked, they provide clear and
 simple directions on how to install them on that platform (usually using
 the system package manager).
 
-__ https://peps.python.org/pep-0477/#disabling-ensurepip-by-downstream-distributors
-
-
 Documentation Changes
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/3.0.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/3.0.rst
index 888e6279754fc2..d97f5fdd9eaa4a 100644
--- a/Doc/whatsnew/3.0.rst
+++ b/Doc/whatsnew/3.0.rst
@@ -357,8 +357,8 @@ New Syntax
   provides a standardized way of annotating a function's parameters
   and return value.  There are no semantics attached to such
   annotations except that they can be introspected at runtime using
-  the :attr:`__annotations__` attribute.  The intent is to encourage
-  experimentation through metaclasses, decorators or frameworks.
+  the :attr:`~object.__annotations__` attribute.  The intent is to
+  encourage experimentation through metaclasses, decorators or frameworks.
 
 * :pep:`3102`: Keyword-only arguments.  Named parameters occurring
   after ``*args`` in the parameter list *must* be specified using
diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/3.1.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/3.1.rst
index 69b273e58385d2..b9606beb5f9ef9 100644
--- a/Doc/whatsnew/3.1.rst
+++ b/Doc/whatsnew/3.1.rst
@@ -205,9 +205,9 @@ Some smaller changes made to the core Python language are:
 
   (Contributed by Mark Dickinson; :issue:`4707`.)
 
-* Python now uses David Gay's algorithm for finding the shortest floating
-  point representation that doesn't change its value.  This should help
-  mitigate some of the confusion surrounding binary floating point
+* Python now uses David Gay's algorithm for finding the shortest floating-point
+  representation that doesn't change its value.  This should help
+  mitigate some of the confusion surrounding binary floating-point
   numbers.
 
   The significance is easily seen with a number like ``1.1`` which does not
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ Some smaller changes made to the core Python language are:
   equivalent, an expression like ``float('1.1')`` evaluates to the nearest
   representable value which is ``0x1.199999999999ap+0`` in hex or
   ``1.100000000000000088817841970012523233890533447265625`` in decimal. That
-  nearest value was and still is used in subsequent floating point
+  nearest value was and still is used in subsequent floating-point
   calculations.
 
   What is new is how the number gets displayed.  Formerly, Python used a
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ Some smaller changes made to the core Python language are:
   using 17 digits was that it relied on IEEE-754 guarantees to assure that
   ``eval(repr(1.1))`` would round-trip exactly to its original value.  The
   disadvantage is that many people found the output to be confusing (mistaking
-  intrinsic limitations of binary floating point representation as being a
+  intrinsic limitations of binary floating-point representation as being a
   problem with Python itself).
 
   The new algorithm for ``repr(1.1)`` is smarter and returns ``'1.1'``.
@@ -236,8 +236,8 @@ Some smaller changes made to the core Python language are:
   it does not change the underlying values.  So, it is still the case that
   ``1.1 + 2.2 != 3.3`` even though the representations may suggest otherwise.
 
-  The new algorithm depends on certain features in the underlying floating
-  point implementation.  If the required features are not found, the old
+  The new algorithm depends on certain features in the underlying floating-point
+  implementation.  If the required features are not found, the old
   algorithm will continue to be used.  Also, the text pickle protocols
   assure cross-platform portability by using the old algorithm.
 
@@ -550,7 +550,7 @@ Porting to Python 3.1
 This section lists previously described changes and other bugfixes
 that may require changes to your code:
 
-* The new floating point string representations can break existing doctests.
+* The new floating-point string representations can break existing doctests.
   For example::
 
     def e():
diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/3.10.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/3.10.rst
index b939ccd17903f2..e4699fbf8edaf7 100644
--- a/Doc/whatsnew/3.10.rst
+++ b/Doc/whatsnew/3.10.rst
@@ -1233,7 +1233,7 @@ also now un-stringize stringized annotations.
 itertools
 ---------
 
-Add :func:`itertools.pairwise()`.
+Add :func:`itertools.pairwise`.
 (Contributed by Raymond Hettinger in :issue:`38200`.)
 
 linecache
@@ -1245,14 +1245,14 @@ When a module does not define ``__loader__``, fall back to ``__spec__.loader``.
 os
 --
 
-Add :func:`os.cpu_count()` support for VxWorks RTOS.
+Add :func:`os.cpu_count` support for VxWorks RTOS.
 (Contributed by Peixing Xin in :issue:`41440`.)
 
 Add a new function :func:`os.eventfd` and related helpers to wrap the
 ``eventfd2`` syscall on Linux.
 (Contributed by Christian Heimes in :issue:`41001`.)
 
-Add :func:`os.splice()` that allows to move data between two file
+Add :func:`os.splice` that allows to move data between two file
 descriptors without copying between kernel address space and user
 address space, where one of the file descriptors must refer to a
 pipe. (Contributed by Pablo Galindo in :issue:`41625`.)
@@ -1292,7 +1292,7 @@ functions in the :mod:`os` module.
 platform
 --------
 
-Add :func:`platform.freedesktop_os_release()` to retrieve operation system
+Add :func:`platform.freedesktop_os_release` to retrieve operation system
 identification from `freedesktop.org os-release
 <https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/os-release.html>`_ standard file.
 (Contributed by Christian Heimes in :issue:`28468`.)
diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/3.11.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/3.11.rst
index 7a74df330a86c7..e5c6d7cd308504 100644
--- a/Doc/whatsnew/3.11.rst
+++ b/Doc/whatsnew/3.11.rst
@@ -768,6 +768,21 @@ functools
   (Contributed by Yurii Karabas in :issue:`46014`.)
 
 
+.. _whatsnew311-gzip:
+
+gzip
+----
+
+* The :func:`gzip.compress` function is now faster when used with the
+  **mtime=0** argument as it delegates the compression entirely to a single
+  :func:`zlib.compress` operation. There is one side effect of this change: The
+  gzip file header contains an "OS" byte in its header. That was traditionally
+  always set to a value of 255 representing "unknown" by the :mod:`gzip`
+  module. Now, when using :func:`~gzip.compress` with **mtime=0**, it may be
+  set to a different value by the underlying zlib C library Python was linked
+  against.
+  (See :gh:`112346` for details on the side effect.)
+
 .. _whatsnew311-hashlib:
 
 hashlib
@@ -2017,8 +2032,8 @@ Removed C APIs are :ref:`listed separately <whatsnew311-c-api-removed>`.
   It was introduced in Python 3.4 but has been broken since Python 3.7.
   (Contributed by Inada Naoki in :issue:`23882`.)
 
-* Removed the undocumented private :meth:`!float.__set_format__()` method,
-  previously known as :meth:`!float.__setformat__()` in Python 3.7.
+* Removed the undocumented private :meth:`!float.__set_format__` method,
+  previously known as :meth:`!float.__setformat__` in Python 3.7.
   Its docstring said: "You probably don't want to use this function.
   It exists mainly to be used in Python's test suite."
   (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`46852`.)
@@ -2123,7 +2138,7 @@ Build Changes
     :issue:`45440` and :issue:`46640`.)
 
   * Support for `IEEE 754 <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_754>`_
-    floating point numbers.
+    floating-point numbers.
     (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`46917`.)
 
 * The :c:macro:`!Py_NO_NAN` macro has been removed.
@@ -2153,7 +2168,7 @@ Build Changes
   (Contributed by Donghee Na and Brett Holman in :issue:`44340`.)
 
 * Freelists for object structs can now be disabled. A new :program:`configure`
-  option :option:`--without-freelists` can be used to disable all freelists
+  option ``--without-freelists`` can be used to disable all freelists
   except empty tuple singleton.
   (Contributed by Christian Heimes in :issue:`45522`.)
 
diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/3.12.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/3.12.rst
index 28b28e9ce50e11..463fc269ee8fcc 100644
--- a/Doc/whatsnew/3.12.rst
+++ b/Doc/whatsnew/3.12.rst
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ Summary -- Release highlights
 .. This section singles out the most important changes in Python 3.12.
    Brevity is key.
 
-Python 3.12 is the latest stable release of the Python programming language,
+Python 3.12 is a stable release of the Python programming language,
 with a mix of changes to the language and the standard library.
 The library changes focus on cleaning up deprecated APIs, usability, and correctness.
 Of note, the :mod:`!distutils` package has been removed from the standard library.
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ Important deprecations, removals or restrictions:
   reducing the size of every :class:`str` object by at least 8 bytes.
 
 * :pep:`632`: Remove the :mod:`!distutils` package.
-  See `the migration guide <https://peps.python.org/pep-0632/#migration-advice>`_
+  See :pep:`the migration guide <0632#migration-advice>`
   for advice replacing the APIs it provided.
   The third-party `Setuptools <https://setuptools.pypa.io/en/latest/deprecated/distutils-legacy.html>`__
   package continues to provide :mod:`!distutils`,
@@ -359,7 +359,7 @@ create an interpreter with its own GIL:
    /* The new interpreter is now active in the current thread. */
 
 For further examples how to use the C-API for sub-interpreters with a
-per-interpreter GIL, see :source:`Modules/_xxsubinterpretersmodule.c`.
+per-interpreter GIL, see ``Modules/_xxsubinterpretersmodule.c``.
 
 (Contributed by Eric Snow in :gh:`104210`, etc.)
 
@@ -652,14 +652,14 @@ asyncio
   making some use-cases 2x to 5x faster.
   (Contributed by Jacob Bower & Itamar Oren in :gh:`102853`, :gh:`104140`, and :gh:`104138`)
 
-* On Linux, :mod:`asyncio` uses :class:`asyncio.PidfdChildWatcher` by default
+* On Linux, :mod:`asyncio` uses :class:`!asyncio.PidfdChildWatcher` by default
   if :func:`os.pidfd_open` is available and functional instead of
-  :class:`asyncio.ThreadedChildWatcher`.
+  :class:`!asyncio.ThreadedChildWatcher`.
   (Contributed by Kumar Aditya in :gh:`98024`.)
 
 * The event loop now uses the best available child watcher for each platform
-  (:class:`asyncio.PidfdChildWatcher` if supported and
-  :class:`asyncio.ThreadedChildWatcher` otherwise), so manually
+  (:class:`!asyncio.PidfdChildWatcher` if supported and
+  :class:`!asyncio.ThreadedChildWatcher` otherwise), so manually
   configuring a child watcher is not recommended.
   (Contributed by Kumar Aditya in :gh:`94597`.)
 
@@ -739,7 +739,7 @@ inspect
 itertools
 ---------
 
-* Add :class:`itertools.batched()` for collecting into even-sized
+* Add :func:`itertools.batched` for collecting into even-sized
   tuples where the last batch may be shorter than the rest.
   (Contributed by Raymond Hettinger in :gh:`98363`.)
 
@@ -1162,15 +1162,15 @@ Deprecated
 
 * :mod:`asyncio`:
 
-  * The child watcher classes :class:`asyncio.MultiLoopChildWatcher`,
-    :class:`asyncio.FastChildWatcher`, :class:`asyncio.AbstractChildWatcher`
-    and :class:`asyncio.SafeChildWatcher` are deprecated and
+  * The child watcher classes :class:`!asyncio.MultiLoopChildWatcher`,
+    :class:`!asyncio.FastChildWatcher`, :class:`!asyncio.AbstractChildWatcher`
+    and :class:`!asyncio.SafeChildWatcher` are deprecated and
     will be removed in Python 3.14.
     (Contributed by Kumar Aditya in :gh:`94597`.)
 
-  * :func:`asyncio.set_child_watcher`, :func:`asyncio.get_child_watcher`,
-    :meth:`asyncio.AbstractEventLoopPolicy.set_child_watcher` and
-    :meth:`asyncio.AbstractEventLoopPolicy.get_child_watcher` are deprecated
+  * :func:`!asyncio.set_child_watcher`, :func:`!asyncio.get_child_watcher`,
+    :meth:`!asyncio.AbstractEventLoopPolicy.set_child_watcher` and
+    :meth:`!asyncio.AbstractEventLoopPolicy.get_child_watcher` are deprecated
     and will be removed in Python 3.14.
     (Contributed by Kumar Aditya in :gh:`94597`.)
 
@@ -1254,7 +1254,7 @@ Deprecated
     We added the warning to raise awareness as issues encountered by code doing
     this are becoming more frequent. See the :func:`os.fork` documentation for
     more details along with `this discussion on fork being incompatible with threads
-    <https://discuss.python.org/t/33555>`_ for *why* we're now surfacing this
+    <https://discuss.python.org/t/concerns-regarding-deprecation-of-fork-with-alive-threads/33555>`_ for *why* we're now surfacing this
     longstanding platform compatibility problem to developers.
 
   When this warning appears due to usage of :mod:`multiprocessing` or
@@ -1309,17 +1309,18 @@ Deprecated
   may be removed in a future version of Python. Use the single-arg versions
   of these functions instead. (Contributed by Ofey Chan in :gh:`89874`.)
 
-* :exc:`DeprecationWarning` is now raised when ``__package__`` on a
-  module differs from ``__spec__.parent`` (previously it was
-  :exc:`ImportWarning`).
+* :exc:`DeprecationWarning` is now raised when :attr:`~module.__package__` on a
+  module differs from
+  :attr:`__spec__.parent <importlib.machinery.ModuleSpec.parent>` (previously
+  it was :exc:`ImportWarning`).
   (Contributed by Brett Cannon in :gh:`65961`.)
 
-* Setting ``__package__`` or ``__cached__`` on a module is deprecated,
-  and will cease to be set or taken into consideration by the import system in Python 3.14.
-  (Contributed by Brett Cannon in :gh:`65961`.)
+* Setting :attr:`~module.__package__` or :attr:`~module.__cached__` on a
+  module is deprecated, and will cease to be set or taken into consideration by
+  the import system in Python 3.14. (Contributed by Brett Cannon in :gh:`65961`.)
 
 * The bitwise inversion operator (``~``) on bool is deprecated. It will throw an
-  error in Python 3.14. Use ``not`` for logical negation of bools instead.
+  error in Python 3.16. Use ``not`` for logical negation of bools instead.
   In the rare case that you really need the bitwise inversion of the underlying
   ``int``, convert to int explicitly: ``~int(x)``. (Contributed by Tim Hoffmann
   in :gh:`103487`.)
@@ -1330,155 +1331,15 @@ Deprecated
   therefore it will be removed in 3.14.
   (Contributed by Nikita Sobolev in :gh:`101866`.)
 
-Pending Removal in Python 3.13
-------------------------------
-
-The following modules and APIs have been deprecated in earlier Python releases,
-and will be removed in Python 3.13.
-
-Modules (see :pep:`594`):
-
-* :mod:`!aifc`
-* :mod:`!audioop`
-* :mod:`!cgi`
-* :mod:`!cgitb`
-* :mod:`!chunk`
-* :mod:`!crypt`
-* :mod:`!imghdr`
-* :mod:`!mailcap`
-* :mod:`!msilib`
-* :mod:`!nis`
-* :mod:`!nntplib`
-* :mod:`!ossaudiodev`
-* :mod:`!pipes`
-* :mod:`!sndhdr`
-* :mod:`!spwd`
-* :mod:`!sunau`
-* :mod:`!telnetlib`
-* :mod:`!uu`
-* :mod:`!xdrlib`
-
-Other modules:
-
-* :mod:`!lib2to3`, and the :program:`2to3` program (:gh:`84540`)
-
-APIs:
-
-* :class:`!configparser.LegacyInterpolation` (:gh:`90765`)
-* ``locale.resetlocale()`` (:gh:`90817`)
-* :meth:`!turtle.RawTurtle.settiltangle` (:gh:`50096`)
-* :func:`!unittest.findTestCases` (:gh:`50096`)
-* :func:`!unittest.getTestCaseNames` (:gh:`50096`)
-* :func:`!unittest.makeSuite` (:gh:`50096`)
-* :meth:`!unittest.TestProgram.usageExit` (:gh:`67048`)
-* :class:`!webbrowser.MacOSX` (:gh:`86421`)
-* :class:`classmethod` descriptor chaining (:gh:`89519`)
-* :mod:`importlib.resources` deprecated methods:
-
-  * ``contents()``
-  * ``is_resource()``
-  * ``open_binary()``
-  * ``open_text()``
-  * ``path()``
-  * ``read_binary()``
-  * ``read_text()``
-
-  Use :func:`importlib.resources.files()` instead.  Refer to `importlib-resources: Migrating from Legacy
-  <https://importlib-resources.readthedocs.io/en/latest/using.html#migrating-from-legacy>`_ (:gh:`106531`)
-
-Pending Removal in Python 3.14
-------------------------------
-
-The following APIs have been deprecated
-and will be removed in Python 3.14.
-
-* :mod:`argparse`: The *type*, *choices*, and *metavar* parameters
-  of :class:`!argparse.BooleanOptionalAction`
-
-* :mod:`ast`:
-
-  * :class:`!ast.Num`
-  * :class:`!ast.Str`
-  * :class:`!ast.Bytes`
-  * :class:`!ast.NameConstant`
-  * :class:`!ast.Ellipsis`
-
-* :mod:`asyncio`:
-
-  * :class:`!asyncio.MultiLoopChildWatcher`
-  * :class:`!asyncio.FastChildWatcher`
-  * :class:`!asyncio.AbstractChildWatcher`
-  * :class:`!asyncio.SafeChildWatcher`
-  * :func:`!asyncio.set_child_watcher`
-  * :func:`!asyncio.get_child_watcher`,
-  * :meth:`!asyncio.AbstractEventLoopPolicy.set_child_watcher`
-  * :meth:`!asyncio.AbstractEventLoopPolicy.get_child_watcher`
-
-* :mod:`collections.abc`: :class:`!collections.abc.ByteString`.
-
-* :mod:`email`: the *isdst* parameter in :func:`email.utils.localtime`.
-
-* :mod:`importlib.abc`:
-
-  * :class:`!importlib.abc.ResourceReader`
-  * :class:`!importlib.abc.Traversable`
-  * :class:`!importlib.abc.TraversableResources`
-
-* :mod:`itertools`: Support for copy, deepcopy, and pickle operations.
-
-* :mod:`pkgutil`:
-
-  * :func:`!pkgutil.find_loader`
-  * :func:`!pkgutil.get_loader`.
-
-* :mod:`pty`:
-
-  * :func:`!pty.master_open`
-  * :func:`!pty.slave_open`
-
-* :mod:`shutil`: The *onerror* argument of :func:`shutil.rmtree`
-
-* :mod:`typing`: :class:`!typing.ByteString`
-
-* The ``__package__`` and ``__cached__`` attributes on module objects.
-
-* The :attr:`~codeobject.co_lnotab` attribute of code objects.
-
-Pending Removal in Python 3.15
-------------------------------
+.. include:: ../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst
 
-The following APIs have been deprecated
-and will be removed in Python 3.15.
+.. include:: ../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst
 
-APIs:
+.. include:: ../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst
 
-* :func:`locale.getdefaultlocale` (:gh:`90817`)
-
-
-Pending Removal in Future Versions
-----------------------------------
-
-The following APIs were deprecated in earlier Python versions and will be removed,
-although there is currently no date scheduled for their removal.
-
-* :mod:`array`'s ``'u'`` format code (:gh:`57281`)
-
-* :class:`typing.Text` (:gh:`92332`)
-
-* :mod:`xml.etree.ElementTree`: Testing the truth value of an
-  :class:`xml.etree.ElementTree.Element` is deprecated. In a future release it
-  will always return True. Prefer explicit ``len(elem)`` or
-  ``elem is not None`` tests instead.
-
-* Currently Python accepts numeric literals immediately followed by keywords,
-  for example ``0in x``, ``1or x``, ``0if 1else 2``.  It allows confusing
-  and ambiguous expressions like ``[0x1for x in y]`` (which can be
-  interpreted as ``[0x1 for x in y]`` or ``[0x1f or x in y]``).
-  A syntax warning is raised if the numeric literal is
-  immediately followed by one of keywords :keyword:`and`, :keyword:`else`,
-  :keyword:`for`, :keyword:`if`, :keyword:`in`, :keyword:`is` and :keyword:`or`.
-  In a future release it will be changed to a syntax error. (:gh:`87999`)
+.. include:: ../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.rst
 
+.. include:: ../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst
 
 Removed
 =======
@@ -1562,9 +1423,9 @@ hashlib
 -------
 
 * Remove the pure Python implementation of :mod:`hashlib`'s
-  :func:`hashlib.pbkdf2_hmac()`, deprecated in Python 3.10. Python 3.10 and
+  :func:`hashlib.pbkdf2_hmac`, deprecated in Python 3.10. Python 3.10 and
   newer requires OpenSSL 1.1.1 (:pep:`644`): this OpenSSL version provides
-  a C implementation of :func:`~hashlib.pbkdf2_hmac()` which is faster.
+  a C implementation of :func:`~hashlib.pbkdf2_hmac` which is faster.
   (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`94199`.)
 
 importlib
@@ -1573,7 +1434,7 @@ importlib
 * Many previously deprecated cleanups in :mod:`importlib` have now been
   completed:
 
-  * References to, and support for :meth:`!module_repr()` has been removed.
+  * References to, and support for :meth:`!module_repr` has been removed.
     (Contributed by Barry Warsaw in :gh:`97850`.)
 
   * ``importlib.util.set_package``, ``importlib.util.set_loader`` and
@@ -2027,7 +1888,7 @@ New Features
 
   The :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT` and :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_WEAKREF`
   flags have been added. This allows extensions classes to support object
-  ``__dict__`` and weakrefs with less bookkeeping,
+  :attr:`~object.__dict__` and weakrefs with less bookkeeping,
   using less memory and with faster access.
 
 * API for performing calls using
@@ -2146,7 +2007,7 @@ Porting to Python 3.12
   internal-only field directly.
 
   To get a list of subclasses, call the Python method
-  :py:meth:`~class.__subclasses__` (using :c:func:`PyObject_CallMethod`,
+  :py:meth:`~type.__subclasses__` (using :c:func:`PyObject_CallMethod`,
   for example).
 
 * Add support of more formatting options (left aligning, octals, uppercase
@@ -2165,7 +2026,7 @@ Porting to Python 3.12
   :c:func:`PyUnicode_FromFormatV`.
   (Contributed by Philip Georgi in :gh:`95504`.)
 
-* Extension classes wanting to add a ``__dict__`` or weak reference slot
+* Extension classes wanting to add a :attr:`~object.__dict__` or weak reference slot
   should use :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT` and
   :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_WEAKREF` instead of ``tp_dictoffset`` and
   ``tp_weaklistoffset``, respectively.
@@ -2350,92 +2211,13 @@ Deprecated
   overrides :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` is deprecated.
   Call the metaclass instead.
 
-Pending Removal in Python 3.14
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-* The ``ma_version_tag`` field in :c:type:`PyDictObject` for extension modules
-  (:pep:`699`; :gh:`101193`).
-
-* Global configuration variables:
+.. Add deprecations above alphabetically, not here at the end.
 
-  * :c:var:`Py_DebugFlag`: use :c:member:`PyConfig.parser_debug`
-  * :c:var:`Py_VerboseFlag`: use :c:member:`PyConfig.verbose`
-  * :c:var:`Py_QuietFlag`: use :c:member:`PyConfig.quiet`
-  * :c:var:`Py_InteractiveFlag`: use :c:member:`PyConfig.interactive`
-  * :c:var:`Py_InspectFlag`: use :c:member:`PyConfig.inspect`
-  * :c:var:`Py_OptimizeFlag`: use :c:member:`PyConfig.optimization_level`
-  * :c:var:`Py_NoSiteFlag`: use :c:member:`PyConfig.site_import`
-  * :c:var:`Py_BytesWarningFlag`: use :c:member:`PyConfig.bytes_warning`
-  * :c:var:`Py_FrozenFlag`: use :c:member:`PyConfig.pathconfig_warnings`
-  * :c:var:`Py_IgnoreEnvironmentFlag`: use :c:member:`PyConfig.use_environment`
-  * :c:var:`Py_DontWriteBytecodeFlag`: use :c:member:`PyConfig.write_bytecode`
-  * :c:var:`Py_NoUserSiteDirectory`: use :c:member:`PyConfig.user_site_directory`
-  * :c:var:`Py_UnbufferedStdioFlag`: use :c:member:`PyConfig.buffered_stdio`
-  * :c:var:`Py_HashRandomizationFlag`: use :c:member:`PyConfig.use_hash_seed`
-    and :c:member:`PyConfig.hash_seed`
-  * :c:var:`Py_IsolatedFlag`: use :c:member:`PyConfig.isolated`
-  * :c:var:`Py_LegacyWindowsFSEncodingFlag`: use :c:member:`PyPreConfig.legacy_windows_fs_encoding`
-  * :c:var:`Py_LegacyWindowsStdioFlag`: use :c:member:`PyConfig.legacy_windows_stdio`
-  * :c:var:`!Py_FileSystemDefaultEncoding`: use :c:member:`PyConfig.filesystem_encoding`
-  * :c:var:`!Py_HasFileSystemDefaultEncoding`: use :c:member:`PyConfig.filesystem_encoding`
-  * :c:var:`!Py_FileSystemDefaultEncodeErrors`: use :c:member:`PyConfig.filesystem_errors`
-  * :c:var:`!Py_UTF8Mode`: use :c:member:`PyPreConfig.utf8_mode` (see :c:func:`Py_PreInitialize`)
+.. include:: ../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst
 
-  The :c:func:`Py_InitializeFromConfig` API should be used with
-  :c:type:`PyConfig` instead.
+.. include:: ../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.15.rst
 
-* Creating :c:data:`immutable types <Py_TPFLAGS_IMMUTABLETYPE>` with mutable
-  bases (:gh:`95388`).
-
-Pending Removal in Python 3.15
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-* :c:func:`PyImport_ImportModuleNoBlock`: use :c:func:`PyImport_ImportModule`
-* :c:type:`!Py_UNICODE_WIDE` type: use :c:type:`wchar_t`
-* :c:type:`Py_UNICODE` type: use :c:type:`wchar_t`
-* Python initialization functions:
-
-  * :c:func:`PySys_ResetWarnOptions`: clear :data:`sys.warnoptions` and
-    :data:`!warnings.filters`
-  * :c:func:`Py_GetExecPrefix`: get :data:`sys.exec_prefix`
-  * :c:func:`Py_GetPath`: get :data:`sys.path`
-  * :c:func:`Py_GetPrefix`: get :data:`sys.prefix`
-  * :c:func:`Py_GetProgramFullPath`: get :data:`sys.executable`
-  * :c:func:`Py_GetProgramName`: get :data:`sys.executable`
-  * :c:func:`Py_GetPythonHome`: get :c:member:`PyConfig.home` or
-    the :envvar:`PYTHONHOME` environment variable
-
-Pending Removal in Future Versions
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-The following APIs are deprecated and will be removed,
-although there is currently no date scheduled for their removal.
-
-* :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_FINALIZE`: unneeded since Python 3.8
-* :c:func:`PyErr_Fetch`: use :c:func:`PyErr_GetRaisedException`
-* :c:func:`PyErr_NormalizeException`: use :c:func:`PyErr_GetRaisedException`
-* :c:func:`PyErr_Restore`: use :c:func:`PyErr_SetRaisedException`
-* :c:func:`PyModule_GetFilename`: use :c:func:`PyModule_GetFilenameObject`
-* :c:func:`PyOS_AfterFork`: use :c:func:`PyOS_AfterFork_Child`
-* :c:func:`PySlice_GetIndicesEx`: use :c:func:`PySlice_Unpack` and :c:func:`PySlice_AdjustIndices`
-* :c:func:`!PyUnicode_AsDecodedObject`: use :c:func:`PyCodec_Decode`
-* :c:func:`!PyUnicode_AsDecodedUnicode`: use :c:func:`PyCodec_Decode`
-* :c:func:`!PyUnicode_AsEncodedObject`: use :c:func:`PyCodec_Encode`
-* :c:func:`!PyUnicode_AsEncodedUnicode`: use :c:func:`PyCodec_Encode`
-* :c:func:`PyUnicode_READY`: unneeded since Python 3.12
-* :c:func:`!PyErr_Display`: use :c:func:`PyErr_DisplayException`
-* :c:func:`!_PyErr_ChainExceptions`: use ``_PyErr_ChainExceptions1``
-* :c:member:`!PyBytesObject.ob_shash` member:
-  call :c:func:`PyObject_Hash` instead
-* :c:member:`!PyDictObject.ma_version_tag` member
-* Thread Local Storage (TLS) API:
-
-  * :c:func:`PyThread_create_key`: use :c:func:`PyThread_tss_alloc`
-  * :c:func:`PyThread_delete_key`: use :c:func:`PyThread_tss_free`
-  * :c:func:`PyThread_set_key_value`: use :c:func:`PyThread_tss_set`
-  * :c:func:`PyThread_get_key_value`: use :c:func:`PyThread_tss_get`
-  * :c:func:`PyThread_delete_key_value`: use :c:func:`PyThread_tss_delete`
-  * :c:func:`PyThread_ReInitTLS`: unneeded since Python 3.7
+.. include:: ../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst
 
 Removed
 -------
diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/3.13.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/3.13.rst
index 81daaabdb889d7..de4c7fd4c0486b 100644
--- a/Doc/whatsnew/3.13.rst
+++ b/Doc/whatsnew/3.13.rst
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
   What's New In Python 3.13
 ****************************
 
-:Editor: Thomas Wouters
+:Editors: Adam Turner and Thomas Wouters
 
 .. Rules for maintenance:
 
@@ -46,19 +46,13 @@
    when researching a change.
 
 This article explains the new features in Python 3.13, compared to 3.12.
-
+Python 3.13 was released on October 7, 2024.
 For full details, see the :ref:`changelog <changelog>`.
 
 .. seealso::
 
    :pep:`719` -- Python 3.13 Release Schedule
 
-.. note::
-
-   Prerelease users should be aware that this document is currently in draft
-   form. It will be updated substantially as Python 3.13 moves towards release,
-   so it's worth checking back even after reading earlier versions.
-
 
 Summary -- Release Highlights
 =============================
@@ -66,14 +60,38 @@ Summary -- Release Highlights
 .. This section singles out the most important changes in Python 3.13.
    Brevity is key.
 
-Python 3.13 beta is the pre-release of the next version of the Python
-programming language, with a mix of changes to the language, the
-implementation and the standard library. The biggest changes to the
-implementation include a new interactive interpreter, and experimental
-support for dropping the Global Interpreter Lock (:pep:`703`) and a
-Just-In-Time compiler (:pep:`744`). The library changes contain removal of
-deprecated APIs and modules, as well as the usual improvements in
-user-friendliness and correctness.
+Python 3.13 is the latest stable release of the Python programming
+language, with a mix of changes to the language, the implementation
+and the standard library.
+The biggest changes include a new `interactive interpreter
+<whatsnew313-better-interactive-interpreter_>`_,
+experimental support for running in a `free-threaded mode
+<whatsnew313-free-threaded-cpython_>`_ (:pep:`703`),
+and a `Just-In-Time compiler <whatsnew313-jit-compiler_>`_ (:pep:`744`).
+
+Error messages continue to improve, with tracebacks now highlighted in color
+by default. The :func:`locals` builtin now has :ref:`defined semantics
+<whatsnew313-locals-semantics>` for changing the returned mapping,
+and type parameters now support default values.
+
+The library changes contain removal of deprecated APIs and modules,
+as well as the usual improvements in user-friendliness and correctness.
+Several legacy standard library modules have now `been removed
+<whatsnew313-pep594_>`_ following their deprecation in Python 3.11 (:pep:`594`).
+
+This article doesn't attempt to provide a complete specification
+of all new features, but instead gives a convenient overview.
+For full details refer to the documentation,
+such as the :ref:`Library Reference <library-index>`
+and :ref:`Language Reference <reference-index>`.
+To understand the complete implementation and design rationale for a change,
+refer to the PEP for a particular new feature;
+but note that PEPs usually are not kept up-to-date
+once a feature has been fully implemented.
+See `Porting to Python 3.13`_ for guidance on upgrading from
+earlier versions of Python.
+
+--------------
 
 .. PEP-sized items next.
 
@@ -82,118 +100,160 @@ Interpreter improvements:
 * A greatly improved :ref:`interactive interpreter
   <whatsnew313-better-interactive-interpreter>` and
   :ref:`improved error messages <whatsnew313-improved-error-messages>`.
-
-* Color support in the new :ref:`interactive interpreter
-  <whatsnew313-better-interactive-interpreter>`,
-  as well as in :ref:`tracebacks <whatsnew313-improved-error-messages>`
-  and :ref:`doctest <whatsnew313-doctest>` output. This can be disabled through the
-  :envvar:`PYTHON_COLORS` and |NO_COLOR|_ environment variables.
-
-* :pep:`744`: A basic :ref:`JIT compiler <whatsnew313-jit-compiler>` was added.
-  It is currently disabled by default (though we may turn it on later).
-  Performance improvements are modest -- we expect to be improving this
-  over the next few releases.
-
 * :pep:`667`: The :func:`locals` builtin now has
   :ref:`defined semantics <whatsnew313-locals-semantics>` when mutating the
   returned mapping. Python debuggers and similar tools may now more reliably
   update local variables in optimized scopes even during concurrent code
   execution.
+* :pep:`703`: CPython 3.13 has experimental support for running with the
+  :term:`global interpreter lock` disabled. See :ref:`Free-threaded CPython
+  <whatsnew313-free-threaded-cpython>` for more details.
+* :pep:`744`: A basic :ref:`JIT compiler <whatsnew313-jit-compiler>` was added.
+  It is currently disabled by default (though we may turn it on later).
+  Performance improvements are modest -- we expect to improve this
+  over the next few releases.
+* Color support in the new :ref:`interactive interpreter
+  <whatsnew313-better-interactive-interpreter>`,
+  as well as in :ref:`tracebacks <whatsnew313-improved-error-messages>`
+  and :ref:`doctest <whatsnew313-doctest>` output.
+  This can be disabled through the :envvar:`PYTHON_COLORS` and |NO_COLOR|_
+  environment variables.
+
+Python data model improvements:
+
+* :attr:`~type.__static_attributes__` stores the names of attributes accessed
+  through ``self.X`` in any function in a class body.
+* :attr:`~type.__firstlineno__` records the first line number of a class
+  definition.
+
+Significant improvements in the standard library:
+
+* Add a new :exc:`PythonFinalizationError` exception, raised when an operation
+  is blocked during :term:`finalization <interpreter shutdown>`.
+* The :mod:`argparse` module now supports deprecating command-line options,
+  positional arguments, and subcommands.
+* The new functions :func:`base64.z85encode` and :func:`base64.z85decode`
+  support encoding and decoding `Z85 data`_.
+* The :mod:`copy` module now has a :func:`copy.replace` function,
+  with support for many builtin types and any class defining
+  the :func:`~object.__replace__` method.
+* The new :mod:`dbm.sqlite3` module is now the default :mod:`dbm` backend.
+* The :mod:`os` module has a :ref:`suite of new functions <os-timerfd>`
+  for working with Linux's timer notification file descriptors.
+* The :mod:`random` module now has a :ref:`command-line interface <random-cli>`.
+
+Security improvements:
+
+* :func:`ssl.create_default_context` sets :data:`ssl.VERIFY_X509_PARTIAL_CHAIN`
+  and :data:`ssl.VERIFY_X509_STRICT` as default flags.
+
+C API improvements:
+
+* The :c:data:`Py_mod_gil` slot is now used to indicate that
+  an extension module supports running with the :term:`GIL` disabled.
+* The :doc:`PyTime C API </c-api/time>` has been added,
+  providing access to system clocks.
+* :c:type:`PyMutex` is a new lightweight mutex that occupies a single byte.
+* There is a new :ref:`suite of functions <c-api-monitoring>`
+  for generating :pep:`669` monitoring events in the C API.
 
 New typing features:
 
 * :pep:`696`: Type parameters (:data:`typing.TypeVar`, :data:`typing.ParamSpec`,
   and :data:`typing.TypeVarTuple`) now support defaults.
-
-* :pep:`702`: Support for marking deprecations in the type system using the
-  new :func:`warnings.deprecated` decorator.
-
-* :pep:`742`: :data:`typing.TypeIs` was added, providing more intuitive
-  type narrowing behavior.
-
-* :pep:`705`: :data:`typing.ReadOnly` was added, to mark an item of a
+* :pep:`702`: The new :func:`warnings.deprecated` decorator adds support
+  for marking deprecations in the type system and at runtime.
+* :pep:`705`: :data:`typing.ReadOnly` can be used to mark an item of a
   :class:`typing.TypedDict` as read-only for type checkers.
-
-Free-threading:
-
-* :pep:`703`: CPython 3.13 has experimental support for running with the
-  :term:`global interpreter lock` disabled when built with ``--disable-gil``.
-  See :ref:`Free-threaded CPython <free-threaded-cpython>` for more details.
+* :pep:`742`: :data:`typing.TypeIs` provides more intuitive
+  type narrowing behavior, as an alternative to :data:`typing.TypeGuard`.
 
 Platform support:
 
-* :pep:`730`: Apple's iOS is now an officially supported platform. Official
-  Android support (:pep:`738`) is in the works as well.
+* :pep:`730`: Apple's iOS is now an :ref:`officially supported platform
+  <whatsnew313-platform-support>`, at :pep:`tier 3 <11#tier-3>`.
+* :pep:`738`: Android is now an :ref:`officially supported platform
+  <whatsnew313-platform-support>`, at :pep:`tier 3 <11#tier-3>`.
+* ``wasm32-wasi`` is now supported as a :pep:`tier 2 <11#tier-2>` platform.
+* ``wasm32-emscripten`` is no longer an officially supported platform.
 
-Removed modules:
+Important removals:
 
 * :ref:`PEP 594 <whatsnew313-pep594>`: The remaining 19 "dead batteries"
-  have been removed from the standard library:
+  (legacy stdlib modules) have been removed from the standard library:
   :mod:`!aifc`, :mod:`!audioop`, :mod:`!cgi`, :mod:`!cgitb`, :mod:`!chunk`,
   :mod:`!crypt`, :mod:`!imghdr`, :mod:`!mailcap`, :mod:`!msilib`, :mod:`!nis`,
-  :mod:`!nntplib`, :mod:`!ossaudiodev`, :mod:`!pipes`, :mod:`!sndhdr`, :mod:`!spwd`,
-  :mod:`!sunau`, :mod:`!telnetlib`, :mod:`!uu` and :mod:`!xdrlib`.
-
-* Also removed were the :mod:`!tkinter.tix` and :mod:`!lib2to3` modules, and the
-  ``2to3`` program.
+  :mod:`!nntplib`, :mod:`!ossaudiodev`, :mod:`!pipes`, :mod:`!sndhdr`,
+  :mod:`!spwd`, :mod:`!sunau`, :mod:`!telnetlib`, :mod:`!uu` and :mod:`!xdrlib`.
+* Remove the :program:`2to3` tool and :mod:`!lib2to3` module
+  (deprecated in Python 3.11).
+* Remove the :mod:`!tkinter.tix` module (deprecated in Python 3.6).
+* Remove the :func:`!locale.resetlocale` function.
+* Remove the :mod:`!typing.io` and :mod:`!typing.re` namespaces.
+* Remove chained :class:`classmethod` descriptors.
 
 Release schedule changes:
 
-* :pep:`602` ("Annual Release Cycle for Python") has been updated:
+:pep:`602` ("Annual Release Cycle for Python") has been updated
+to extend the full support ('bugfix') period for new releases to two years.
+This updated policy means that:
+
+* Python 3.9--3.12 have one and a half years of full support,
+  followed by three and a half years of security fixes.
+* Python 3.13 and later have two years of full support,
+  followed by three years of security fixes.
 
-  * Python 3.9 - 3.12 have one and a half years of full support,
-    followed by three and a half years of security fixes.
-  * Python 3.13 and later have two years of full support,
-    followed by three years of security fixes.
 
 New Features
 ============
 
+
 .. _whatsnew313-better-interactive-interpreter:
 
-A Better Interactive Interpreter
+A better interactive interpreter
 --------------------------------
 
-On Unix-like systems like Linux or macOS as well as Windows, Python now
-uses a new :term:`interactive` shell. When the user starts the
-:term:`REPL` from an interactive terminal the interactive shell now
-supports the following new features:
+Python now uses a new :term:`interactive` shell by default, based on code
+from the `PyPy project`_.
+When the user starts the :term:`REPL` from an interactive terminal,
+the following new features are now supported:
 
-* Colorized prompts.
 * Multiline editing with history preservation.
+* Direct support for REPL-specific commands like :kbd:`help`, :kbd:`exit`,
+  and :kbd:`quit`, without the need to call them as functions.
+* Prompts and tracebacks with :ref:`color enabled by default
+  <using-on-controlling-color>`.
 * Interactive help browsing using :kbd:`F1` with a separate command
   history.
 * History browsing using :kbd:`F2` that skips output as well as the
   :term:`>>>` and :term:`...` prompts.
 * "Paste mode" with :kbd:`F3` that makes pasting larger blocks of code
   easier (press :kbd:`F3` again to return to the regular prompt).
-* The ability to issue REPL-specific commands like :kbd:`help`, :kbd:`exit`,
-  and :kbd:`quit` without the need to use call parentheses after the command
-  name.
-
-If the new interactive shell is not desired, it can be disabled via
-the :envvar:`PYTHON_BASIC_REPL` environment variable.
-
-The new shell requires :mod:`curses` on Unix-like systems.
 
+To disable the new interactive shell,
+set the :envvar:`PYTHON_BASIC_REPL` environment variable.
 For more on interactive mode, see :ref:`tut-interac`.
 
 (Contributed by Pablo Galindo Salgado, Łukasz Langa, and
 Lysandros Nikolaou in :gh:`111201` based on code from the PyPy project.
 Windows support contributed by Dino Viehland and Anthony Shaw.)
 
+.. _`PyPy project`: https://pypy.org/
+
+
 .. _whatsnew313-improved-error-messages:
 
-Improved Error Messages
+Improved error messages
 -----------------------
 
-* The interpreter now colorizes error messages when displaying tracebacks by default.
-  This feature can be controlled via the new :envvar:`PYTHON_COLORS` environment
-  variable as well as the canonical |NO_COLOR|_ and |FORCE_COLOR|_ environment
-  variables. See also :ref:`using-on-controlling-color`.
+* The interpreter now uses color by default when displaying tracebacks in the
+  terminal. This feature :ref:`can be controlled <using-on-controlling-color>`
+  via the new :envvar:`PYTHON_COLORS` environment variable as well as
+  the canonical |NO_COLOR|_ and |FORCE_COLOR|_ environment variables.
   (Contributed by Pablo Galindo Salgado in :gh:`112730`.)
 
 .. Apparently this how you hack together a formatted link:
+   (https://www.docutils.org/docs/ref/rst/directives.html#replacement-text)
 
 .. |FORCE_COLOR| replace:: ``FORCE_COLOR``
 .. _FORCE_COLOR: https://force-color.org/
@@ -205,892 +265,1031 @@ Improved Error Messages
   standard library module. When this results in errors, we now
   display a more helpful error message:
 
-  .. code-block:: shell-session
+  .. code-block:: pytb
 
-    $ python random.py
-    Traceback (most recent call last):
-      File "/home/random.py", line 1, in <module>
-        import random; print(random.randint(5))
-        ^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-      File "/home/random.py", line 1, in <module>
-        import random; print(random.randint(5))
-                            ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-    AttributeError: module 'random' has no attribute 'randint' (consider renaming '/home/random.py' since it has the same name as the standard library module named 'random' and the import system gives it precedence)
+     $ python random.py
+     Traceback (most recent call last):
+       File "/home/me/random.py", line 1, in <module>
+         import random
+       File "/home/me/random.py", line 3, in <module>
+         print(random.randint(5))
+               ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+     AttributeError: module 'random' has no attribute 'randint' (consider renaming '/home/me/random.py' since it has the same name as the standard library module named 'random' and prevents importing that standard library module)
 
   Similarly, if a script has the same name as a third-party
-  module it attempts to import, and this results in errors,
+  module that it attempts to import and this results in errors,
   we also display a more helpful error message:
 
-  .. code-block:: shell-session
+  .. code-block:: pytb
 
-    $ python numpy.py
-    Traceback (most recent call last):
-      File "/home/numpy.py", line 1, in <module>
-        import numpy as np; np.array([1,2,3])
-        ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-      File "/home/numpy.py", line 1, in <module>
-        import numpy as np; np.array([1,2,3])
-                            ^^^^^^^^
-    AttributeError: module 'numpy' has no attribute 'array' (consider renaming '/home/numpy.py' if it has the same name as a third-party module you intended to import)
+     $ python numpy.py
+     Traceback (most recent call last):
+       File "/home/me/numpy.py", line 1, in <module>
+         import numpy as np
+       File "/home/me/numpy.py", line 3, in <module>
+         np.array([1, 2, 3])
+         ^^^^^^^^
+     AttributeError: module 'numpy' has no attribute 'array' (consider renaming '/home/me/numpy.py' if it has the same name as a library you intended to import)
 
   (Contributed by Shantanu Jain in :gh:`95754`.)
 
-* When an incorrect keyword argument is passed to a function, the error message
-  now potentially suggests the correct keyword argument.
-  (Contributed by Pablo Galindo Salgado and Shantanu Jain in :gh:`107944`.)
+* The error message now tries to suggest the correct keyword argument
+  when an incorrect keyword argument is passed to a function.
 
-    >>> "better error messages!".split(max_split=1)
-    Traceback (most recent call last):
-      File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
-        "better error messages!".split(max_split=1)
-        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-    TypeError: split() got an unexpected keyword argument 'max_split'. Did you mean 'maxsplit'?
+  .. code-block:: pycon
 
-* Classes have a new :attr:`~class.__static_attributes__` attribute, populated by the compiler,
-  with a tuple of names of attributes of this class which are accessed
-  through ``self.X`` from any function in its body. (Contributed by Irit Katriel
-  in :gh:`115775`.)
+     >>> "Better error messages!".split(max_split=1)
+     Traceback (most recent call last):
+       File "<python-input-0>", line 1, in <module>
+         "Better error messages!".split(max_split=1)
+         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+     TypeError: split() got an unexpected keyword argument 'max_split'. Did you mean 'maxsplit'?
 
-.. _whatsnew313-locals-semantics:
+  (Contributed by Pablo Galindo Salgado and Shantanu Jain in :gh:`107944`.)
 
-Defined mutation semantics for ``locals()``
--------------------------------------------
 
-Historically, the expected result of mutating the return value of :func:`locals`
-has been left to individual Python implementations to define.
-
-Through :pep:`667`, Python 3.13 standardises the historical behaviour of CPython
-for most code execution scopes, but changes
-:term:`optimized scopes <optimized scope>` (functions, generators, coroutines,
-comprehensions, and generator expressions) to explicitly return independent
-snapshots of the currently assigned local variables, including locally
-referenced nonlocal variables captured in closures.
-
-This change to the semantics of :func:`locals` in optimized scopes also affects the default
-behaviour of code execution functions that implicitly target ``locals()`` if no explicit
-namespace is provided (such as :func:`exec` and :func:`eval`). In previous versions, whether
-or not changes could be accessed by calling ``locals()`` after calling the code execution
-function was implementation dependent. In CPython specifically, such code would typically
-appear to work as desired, but could sometimes fail in optimized scopes based on other code
-(including debuggers and code execution tracing tools) potentially resetting the shared
-snapshot in that scope. Now, the code will always run against an independent snapshot of the
-local variables in optimized scopes, and hence the changes will never be visible in
-subsequent calls to ``locals()``. To access the changes made in these cases, an explicit
-namespace reference must now be passed to the relevant function. Alternatively, it may make
-sense to update affected code to use a higher level code execution API that returns the
-resulting code execution namespace (e.g. :func:`runpy.run_path` when executing Python
-files from disk).
+.. _whatsnew313-free-threaded-cpython:
 
-To ensure debuggers and similar tools can reliably update local variables in
-scopes affected by this change, :attr:`FrameType.f_locals <frame.f_locals>` now
-returns a write-through proxy to the frame's local and locally referenced
-nonlocal variables in these scopes, rather than returning an inconsistently
-updated shared  ``dict`` instance with undefined runtime semantics.
+Free-threaded CPython
+---------------------
 
-See :pep:`667` for more details, including related C API changes and deprecations. Porting
-notes are also provided below for the affected :ref:`Python APIs <pep667-porting-notes-py>`
-and :ref:`C APIs <pep667-porting-notes-c>`.
+CPython now has experimental support for running in a free-threaded mode,
+with the :term:`global interpreter lock` (GIL) disabled.
+This is an experimental feature and therefore is not enabled by default.
+The free-threaded mode requires a different executable,
+usually called ``python3.13t`` or ``python3.13t.exe``.
+Pre-built binaries marked as *free-threaded* can be installed as part of
+the official :ref:`Windows <install-freethreaded-windows>`
+and :ref:`macOS <install-freethreaded-macos>` installers,
+or CPython can be built from source with the :option:`--disable-gil` option.
 
-(PEP and implementation contributed by Mark Shannon and Tian Gao in
-:gh:`74929`. Documentation updates provided by Guido van Rossum and
-Alyssa Coghlan.)
+Free-threaded execution allows for full utilization of the available
+processing power by running threads in parallel on available CPU cores.
+While not all software will benefit from this automatically, programs
+designed with threading in mind will run faster on multi-core hardware.
+**The free-threaded mode is experimental** and work is ongoing to improve it:
+expect some bugs and a substantial single-threaded performance hit.
+Free-threaded builds of CPython support optionally running with the GIL
+enabled at runtime using the environment variable :envvar:`PYTHON_GIL` or
+the command-line option :option:`-X gil=1`.
 
-Incremental Garbage Collection
-------------------------------
+To check if the current interpreter supports free-threading, :option:`python -VV <-V>`
+and :attr:`sys.version` contain "experimental free-threading build".
+The new :func:`!sys._is_gil_enabled` function can be used to check whether
+the GIL is actually disabled in the running process.
 
-* The cycle garbage collector is now incremental.
-  This means that maximum pause times are reduced
-  by an order of magnitude or more for larger heaps.
+C-API extension modules need to be built specifically for the free-threaded
+build. Extensions that support running with the :term:`GIL` disabled should
+use the :c:data:`Py_mod_gil` slot. Extensions using single-phase init should
+use :c:func:`PyUnstable_Module_SetGIL` to indicate whether they support
+running with the GIL disabled. Importing C extensions that don't use these
+mechanisms will cause the GIL to be enabled, unless the GIL was explicitly
+disabled with the :envvar:`PYTHON_GIL` environment variable or the
+:option:`-X gil=0` option.
+pip 24.1 or newer is required to install packages with C extensions in the
+free-threaded build.
 
-Support For Mobile Platforms
-----------------------------
+This work was made possible thanks to many individuals and
+organizations, including the large community of contributors to Python
+and third-party projects to test and enable free-threading support.
+Notable contributors include:
+Sam Gross, Ken Jin, Donghee Na, Itamar Oren, Matt Page, Brett Simmers,
+Dino Viehland, Carl Meyer, Nathan Goldbaum, Ralf Gommers,
+Lysandros Nikolaou, and many others.
+Many of these contributors are employed by Meta, which has
+provided significant engineering resources to support this project.
 
-* iOS is now a :pep:`11` supported platform. ``arm64-apple-ios``
-  (iPhone and iPad devices released after 2013) and
-  ``arm64-apple-ios-simulator`` (Xcode iOS simulator running on Apple Silicon
-  hardware) are now tier 3 platforms.
+.. seealso::
 
-  ``x86_64-apple-ios-simulator`` (Xcode iOS simulator running on older x86_64
-  hardware) is not a tier 3 supported platform, but will be supported on a
-  best-effort basis.
+   :pep:`703` "Making the Global Interpreter Lock Optional in CPython"
+   contains rationale and information surrounding this work.
 
-  See :pep:`730`: for more details.
+   `Porting Extension Modules to Support Free-Threading
+   <https://py-free-threading.github.io/porting/>`_: A community-maintained
+   porting guide for extension authors.
 
-  (PEP written and implementation contributed by Russell Keith-Magee in
-  :gh:`114099`.)
 
 .. _whatsnew313-jit-compiler:
 
-Experimental JIT Compiler
-=========================
+An experimental just-in-time (JIT) compiler
+-------------------------------------------
 
-When CPython is configured using the ``--enable-experimental-jit`` option,
-a just-in-time compiler is added which may speed up some Python programs.
+When CPython is configured and built using
+the :option:`!--enable-experimental-jit` option,
+a just-in-time (JIT) compiler is added which may speed up some Python programs.
+On Windows, use ``PCbuild/build.bat --experimental-jit`` to enable the JIT
+or ``--experimental-jit-interpreter`` to enable the Tier 2 interpreter.
+Build requirements and further supporting information `are contained at`__
+:file:`Tools/jit/README.md`.
 
-The internal architecture is roughly as follows.
+__ https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/main/Tools/jit/README.md
 
-* We start with specialized *Tier 1 bytecode*.
-  See :ref:`What's new in 3.11 <whatsnew311-pep659>` for details.
+The :option:`!--enable-experimental-jit` option takes these (optional) values,
+defaulting to ``yes`` if :option:`!--enable-experimental-jit` is present
+without the optional value.
 
-* When the Tier 1 bytecode gets hot enough, it gets translated
-  to a new, purely internal *Tier 2 IR*, a.k.a. micro-ops ("uops").
+* ``no``: Disable the entire Tier 2 and JIT pipeline.
+* ``yes``: Enable the JIT.
+  To disable the JIT at runtime, pass the environment variable ``PYTHON_JIT=0``.
+* ``yes-off``: Build the JIT but disable it by default.
+  To enable the JIT at runtime, pass the environment variable ``PYTHON_JIT=1``.
+* ``interpreter``: Enable the Tier 2 interpreter but disable the JIT.
+  The interpreter can be disabled by running with ``PYTHON_JIT=0``.
 
-* The Tier 2 IR uses the same stack-based VM as Tier 1, but the
-  instruction format is better suited to translation to machine code.
+The internal architecture is roughly as follows:
 
+* We start with specialized *Tier 1 bytecode*.
+  See :ref:`What's new in 3.11 <whatsnew311-pep659>` for details.
+* When the Tier 1 bytecode gets hot enough, it gets translated
+  to a new purely internal intermediate representation (IR),
+  called the *Tier 2 IR*, and sometimes referred to as micro-ops ("uops").
+* The Tier 2 IR uses the same stack-based virtual machine as Tier 1,
+  but the instruction format is better suited to translation to machine code.
 * We have several optimization passes for Tier 2 IR, which are applied
   before it is interpreted or translated to machine code.
-
 * There is a Tier 2 interpreter, but it is mostly intended for debugging
   the earlier stages of the optimization pipeline.
   The Tier 2 interpreter can be enabled by configuring Python
   with ``--enable-experimental-jit=interpreter``.
-
 * When the JIT is enabled, the optimized
   Tier 2 IR is translated to machine code, which is then executed.
-
 * The machine code translation process uses a technique called
   *copy-and-patch*. It has no runtime dependencies, but there is a new
   build-time dependency on LLVM.
 
-The ``--enable-experimental-jit`` flag has the following optional values:
-
-* ``no`` (default) -- Disable the entire Tier 2 and JIT pipeline.
-
-* ``yes`` (default if the flag is present without optional value)
-  -- Enable the JIT. To disable the JIT at runtime,
-  pass the environment variable ``PYTHON_JIT=0``.
-
-* ``yes-off`` -- Build the JIT but disable it by default.
-  To enable the JIT at runtime, pass the environment variable
-  ``PYTHON_JIT=1``.
-
-* ``interpreter`` -- Enable the Tier 2 interpreter but disable the JIT.
-  The interpreter can be disabled by running with
-  ``PYTHON_JIT=0``.
-
-(On Windows, use ``PCbuild/build.bat --experimental-jit`` to enable the JIT
-or ``--experimental-jit-interpreter`` to enable the Tier 2 interpreter.)
-
-See :pep:`744` for more details.
+.. seealso:: :pep:`744`
 
 (JIT by Brandt Bucher, inspired by a paper by Haoran Xu and Fredrik Kjolstad.
 Tier 2 IR by Mark Shannon and Guido van Rossum.
 Tier 2 optimizer by Ken Jin.)
 
-.. _free-threaded-cpython:
-
-Free-threaded CPython
-=====================
 
-CPython will run with the :term:`global interpreter lock` (GIL) disabled when
-configured using the ``--disable-gil`` option at build time. This is an
-experimental feature and therefore isn't used by default. Users need to
-either compile their own interpreter, or install one of the experimental
-builds that are marked as *free-threaded*. See :pep:`703` "Making the Global
-Interpreter Lock Optional in CPython" for more detail.
+.. _whatsnew313-locals-semantics:
 
-Free-threaded execution allows for full utilization of the available
-processing power by running threads in parallel on available CPU cores.
-While not all software will benefit from this automatically, programs
-designed with threading in mind will run faster on multicore hardware.
+Defined mutation semantics for :py:func:`locals`
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Historically, the expected result of mutating the return value of
+:func:`locals` has been left to individual Python implementations to define.
+Starting from Python 3.13, :pep:`667` standardises
+the historical behavior of CPython for most code execution scopes,
+but changes :term:`optimized scopes <optimized scope>`
+(functions, generators, coroutines, comprehensions, and generator expressions)
+to explicitly return independent snapshots of the currently assigned local
+variables, including locally referenced nonlocal variables captured in closures.
+
+This change to the semantics of :func:`locals` in optimized scopes also
+affects the default behavior of code execution functions that implicitly
+target :func:`!locals` if no explicit namespace is provided
+(such as :func:`exec` and :func:`eval`).
+In previous versions, whether or not changes could be accessed by calling
+:func:`!locals` after calling the code execution function was
+implementation-dependent. In CPython specifically, such code would typically
+appear to work as desired, but could sometimes fail in optimized scopes based
+on other code (including debuggers and code execution tracing tools)
+potentially resetting the shared snapshot in that scope.
+Now, the code will always run against an independent snapshot of
+the local variables in optimized scopes, and hence the changes will never
+be visible in subsequent calls to :func:`!locals`.
+To access the changes made in these cases, an explicit namespace reference
+must now be passed to the relevant function.
+Alternatively, it may make sense to update affected code to use a higher level
+code execution API that returns the resulting code execution namespace
+(e.g. :func:`runpy.run_path` when executing Python files from disk).
 
-Work is still ongoing: expect some bugs and a substantial single-threaded
-performance hit.
+To ensure debuggers and similar tools can reliably update local variables in
+scopes affected by this change, :attr:`FrameType.f_locals <frame.f_locals>` now
+returns a write-through proxy to the frame's local and locally referenced
+nonlocal variables in these scopes, rather than returning an inconsistently
+updated shared ``dict`` instance with undefined runtime semantics.
 
-The free-threaded build still supports optionally running with the GIL
-enabled at runtime using the environment variable :envvar:`PYTHON_GIL` or
-the command line option :option:`-X gil`.
+See :pep:`667` for more details, including related C API changes
+and deprecations. Porting notes are also provided below for the affected
+:ref:`Python APIs <pep667-porting-notes-py>` and :ref:`C APIs
+<pep667-porting-notes-c>`.
 
-To check if the current interpreter is configured with ``--disable-gil``,
-use ``sysconfig.get_config_var("Py_GIL_DISABLED")``. To check if the :term:`GIL`
-is actually disabled in the running process, the :func:`!sys._is_gil_enabled`
-function can be used.
+(PEP and implementation contributed by Mark Shannon and Tian Gao in
+:gh:`74929`. Documentation updates provided by Guido van Rossum and
+Alyssa Coghlan.)
 
-C-API extension modules need to be built specifically for the free-threaded
-build. Extensions that support running with the :term:`GIL` disabled should
-use the :c:data:`Py_mod_gil` slot. Extensions using single-phase init should
-use :c:func:`PyUnstable_Module_SetGIL` to indicate whether they support
-running with the GIL disabled. Importing C extensions that don't use these
-mechanisms will cause the GIL to be enabled, unless the GIL was explicitly
-disabled with the :envvar:`PYTHON_GIL` environment variable or the
-:option:`-X gil=0` option.
 
-pip 24.1b1 or newer is required to install packages with C extensions in the
-free-threaded build.
+.. _whatsnew313-platform-support:
 
-Other Language Changes
-======================
+Support for mobile platforms
+----------------------------
 
-* Allow the *count* argument of :meth:`str.replace` to be a keyword.
-  (Contributed by Hugo van Kemenade in :gh:`106487`.)
+:pep:`730`: iOS is now a :pep:`11` supported platform, with the
+``arm64-apple-ios`` and ``arm64-apple-ios-simulator`` targets at tier 3
+(iPhone and iPad devices released after 2013 and the Xcode iOS simulator
+running on Apple silicon hardware, respectively).
+``x86_64-apple-ios-simulator``
+(the Xcode iOS simulator running on older ``x86_64`` hardware)
+is not a tier 3 supported platform, but will have best-effort support.
+(PEP written and implementation contributed by Russell Keith-Magee in
+:gh:`114099`.)
 
-* Compiler now strip indents from docstrings.
-  This will reduce the size of :term:`bytecode cache <bytecode>` (e.g. ``.pyc`` file).
-  For example, cache file size for ``sqlalchemy.orm.session`` in SQLAlchemy 2.0
-  is reduced by about 5%.
-  This change will affect tools using docstrings, like :mod:`doctest`.
-  (Contributed by Inada Naoki in :gh:`81283`.)
+:pep:`738`: Android is now a :pep:`11` supported platform, with the
+``aarch64-linux-android`` and ``x86_64-linux-android`` targets at tier 3.
+The 32-bit targets ``arm-linux-androideabi`` and ``i686-linux-android``
+are not tier 3 supported platforms, but will have best-effort support.
+(PEP written and implementation contributed by Malcolm Smith in
+:gh:`116622`.)
 
-* The :func:`compile` built-in can now accept a new flag,
-  ``ast.PyCF_OPTIMIZED_AST``, which is similar to ``ast.PyCF_ONLY_AST``
-  except that the returned ``AST`` is optimized according to the value
-  of the ``optimize`` argument.
-  (Contributed by Irit Katriel in :gh:`108113`).
+.. seealso:: :pep:`730`, :pep:`738`
 
-* :mod:`multiprocessing`, :mod:`concurrent.futures`, :mod:`compileall`:
-  Replace :func:`os.cpu_count` with :func:`os.process_cpu_count` to select the
-  default number of worker threads and processes. Get the CPU affinity
-  if supported.
-  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`109649`.)
 
-* :func:`os.path.realpath` now resolves MS-DOS style file names even if
-  the file is not accessible.
-  (Contributed by Moonsik Park in :gh:`82367`.)
+Other Language Changes
+======================
 
-* Fixed a bug where a :keyword:`global` declaration in an :keyword:`except` block
-  is rejected when the global is used in the :keyword:`else` block.
-  (Contributed by Irit Katriel in :gh:`111123`.)
+* The compiler now strips common leading whitespace
+  from every line in a docstring.
+  This reduces the size of the :term:`bytecode cache <bytecode>`
+  (such as ``.pyc`` files), with reductions in file size of around 5%,
+  for example in :mod:`!sqlalchemy.orm.session` from SQLAlchemy 2.0.
+  This change affects tools that use docstrings, such as :mod:`doctest`.
+
+  .. doctest::
+
+     >>> def spam():
+     ...     """
+     ...         This is a docstring with
+     ...           leading whitespace.
+     ...
+     ...         It even has multiple paragraphs!
+     ...     """
+     ...
+     >>> spam.__doc__
+     '\nThis is a docstring with\n  leading whitespace.\n\nIt even has multiple paragraphs!\n'
 
-* Many functions now emit a warning if a boolean value is passed as
-  a file descriptor argument.
-  This can help catch some errors earlier.
-  (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`82626`.)
+  (Contributed by Inada Naoki in :gh:`81283`.)
 
-* Added a new environment variable :envvar:`PYTHON_FROZEN_MODULES`. It
-  determines whether or not frozen modules are ignored by the import machinery,
-  equivalent of the :option:`-X frozen_modules <-X>` command-line option.
-  (Contributed by Yilei Yang in :gh:`111374`.)
+* :ref:`Annotation scopes <annotation-scopes>` within class scopes
+  can now contain lambdas and comprehensions.
+  Comprehensions that are located within class scopes
+  are not inlined into their parent scope.
 
-* Add :ref:`support for the perf profiler <perf_profiling>` working without
-  frame pointers through the new environment variable
-  :envvar:`PYTHON_PERF_JIT_SUPPORT` and command-line option :option:`-X perf_jit
-  <-X>` (Contributed by Pablo Galindo in :gh:`118518`.)
+  .. code-block:: python
 
-* The new :envvar:`PYTHON_HISTORY` environment variable can be used to change
-  the location of a ``.python_history`` file.
-  (Contributed by Levi Sabah, Zackery Spytz and Hugo van Kemenade in
-  :gh:`73965`.)
+     class C[T]:
+         type Alias = lambda: T
 
-* Add :exc:`PythonFinalizationError` exception. This exception derived from
-  :exc:`RuntimeError` is raised when an operation is blocked during
-  the :term:`Python finalization <interpreter shutdown>`.
+  (Contributed by Jelle Zijlstra in :gh:`109118` and :gh:`118160`.)
 
-  The following functions now raise PythonFinalizationError, instead of
-  :exc:`RuntimeError`:
+* :ref:`Future statements <future>` are no longer triggered by
+  relative imports of the :mod:`__future__` module,
+  meaning that statements of the form ``from .__future__ import ...``
+  are now simply standard relative imports, with no special features activated.
+  (Contributed by Jeremiah Gabriel Pascual in :gh:`118216`.)
 
-  * :func:`_thread.start_new_thread`.
-  * :class:`subprocess.Popen`.
-  * :func:`os.fork`.
-  * :func:`os.forkpty`.
+* :keyword:`global` declarations are now permitted in :keyword:`except` blocks
+  when that global is used in the :keyword:`else` block.
+  Previously this raised an erroneous :exc:`SyntaxError`.
+  (Contributed by Irit Katriel in :gh:`111123`.)
 
-  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`114570`.)
+* Add :envvar:`PYTHON_FROZEN_MODULES`, a new environment variable that
+  determines whether frozen modules are ignored by the import machinery,
+  equivalent to the :option:`-X frozen_modules <-X>` command-line option.
+  (Contributed by Yilei Yang in :gh:`111374`.)
 
-* Added :attr:`!name` and :attr:`!mode` attributes for compressed
-  and archived file-like objects in modules :mod:`bz2`, :mod:`lzma`,
-  :mod:`tarfile` and :mod:`zipfile`.
-  (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`115961`.)
+* Add :ref:`support for the perf profiler <perf_profiling>` working
+  without `frame pointers <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Call_stack>`_ through
+  the new environment variable :envvar:`PYTHON_PERF_JIT_SUPPORT`
+  and command-line option :option:`-X perf_jit <-X>`.
+  (Contributed by Pablo Galindo in :gh:`118518`.)
 
-* Allow controlling Expat >=2.6.0 reparse deferral (:cve:`2023-52425`)
-  by adding five new methods:
+* The location of a :file:`.python_history` file can be changed via the
+  new :envvar:`PYTHON_HISTORY` environment variable.
+  (Contributed by Levi Sabah, Zackery Spytz and Hugo van Kemenade
+  in :gh:`73965`.)
 
-  * :meth:`xml.etree.ElementTree.XMLParser.flush`
-  * :meth:`xml.etree.ElementTree.XMLPullParser.flush`
-  * :meth:`xml.parsers.expat.xmlparser.GetReparseDeferralEnabled`
-  * :meth:`xml.parsers.expat.xmlparser.SetReparseDeferralEnabled`
-  * :meth:`!xml.sax.expatreader.ExpatParser.flush`
+* Classes have a new :attr:`~type.__static_attributes__` attribute.
+  This is populated by the compiler with a tuple of the class's attribute names
+  which are assigned through ``self.<name>`` from any function in its body.
+  (Contributed by Irit Katriel in :gh:`115775`.)
 
-  (Contributed by Sebastian Pipping in :gh:`115623`.)
+* The compiler now creates a :attr:`!__firstlineno__` attribute on classes
+  with the line number of the first line of the class definition.
+  (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`118465`.)
 
-* The :func:`ssl.create_default_context` API now includes
-  :data:`ssl.VERIFY_X509_PARTIAL_CHAIN` and :data:`ssl.VERIFY_X509_STRICT`
-  in its default flags.
+* The :func:`exec` and :func:`eval` builtins now accept
+  the *globals* and *locals* arguments as keywords.
+  (Contributed by Raphael Gaschignard in :gh:`105879`)
 
-  .. note::
+* The :func:`compile` builtin now accepts a new flag,
+  ``ast.PyCF_OPTIMIZED_AST``, which is similar to ``ast.PyCF_ONLY_AST``
+  except that the returned AST is optimized according to
+  the value of the *optimize* argument.
+  (Contributed by Irit Katriel in :gh:`108113`).
 
-   :data:`ssl.VERIFY_X509_STRICT` may reject pre-:rfc:`5280` or malformed
-   certificates that the underlying OpenSSL implementation otherwise would
-   accept. While disabling this is not recommended, you can do so using::
+* Add a :attr:`~property.__name__` attribute on :class:`property` objects.
+  (Contributed by Eugene Toder in :gh:`101860`.)
 
-      ctx = ssl.create_default_context()
-      ctx.verify_flags &= ~ssl.VERIFY_X509_STRICT
+* Add :exc:`PythonFinalizationError`, a new exception derived from
+  :exc:`RuntimeError` and used to signal when operations are blocked
+  during :term:`finalization <interpreter shutdown>`.
+  The following callables now raise :exc:`!PythonFinalizationError`,
+  instead of :exc:`RuntimeError`:
 
-  (Contributed by William Woodruff in :gh:`112389`.)
+  * :func:`_thread.start_new_thread`
+  * :func:`os.fork`
+  * :func:`os.forkpty`
+  * :class:`subprocess.Popen`
 
-* The :class:`configparser.ConfigParser` now accepts unnamed sections before named
-  ones if configured to do so.
-  (Contributed by Pedro Sousa Lacerda in :gh:`66449`.)
+  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`114570`.)
 
-* :ref:`annotation scope <annotation-scopes>` within class scopes can now
-  contain lambdas and comprehensions. Comprehensions that are located within
-  class scopes are not inlined into their parent scope. (Contributed by
-  Jelle Zijlstra in :gh:`109118` and :gh:`118160`.)
+* Allow the *count* argument of :meth:`str.replace` to be a keyword.
+  (Contributed by Hugo van Kemenade in :gh:`106487`.)
 
-* Classes have a new :attr:`!__firstlineno__` attribute,
-  populated by the compiler, with the line number of the first line
-  of the class definition.
-  (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`118465`.)
+* Many functions now emit a warning if a boolean value is passed as
+  a file descriptor argument.
+  This can help catch some errors earlier.
+  (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`82626`.)
 
-* ``from __future__ import ...`` statements are now just normal
-  relative imports if dots are present before the module name.
-  (Contributed by Jeremiah Gabriel Pascual in :gh:`118216`.)
+* Added :attr:`!name` and :attr:`!mode` attributes
+  for compressed and archived file-like objects in
+  the :mod:`bz2`, :mod:`lzma`, :mod:`tarfile`, and :mod:`zipfile` modules.
+  (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`115961`.)
 
 
 New Modules
 ===========
 
-* None.
+* :mod:`dbm.sqlite3`: An SQLite backend for :mod:`dbm`.
+  (Contributed by Raymond Hettinger and Erlend E. Aasland in :gh:`100414`.)
 
 
 Improved Modules
 ================
 
+
 argparse
 --------
 
-* Add parameter *deprecated* in methods
-  :meth:`~argparse.ArgumentParser.add_argument` and :meth:`!add_parser`
-  which allows to deprecate command-line options, positional arguments and
-  subcommands.
+* Add the *deprecated* parameter to the
+  :meth:`~argparse.ArgumentParser.add_argument`
+  and :meth:`!add_parser` methods, to enable deprecating
+  command-line options, positional arguments, and subcommands.
   (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`83648`.)
 
+
 array
 -----
 
-* Add ``'w'`` type code (``Py_UCS4``) that can be used for Unicode strings.
-  It can be used instead of ``'u'`` type code, which is deprecated.
+* Add the ``'w'`` type code (``Py_UCS4``) for Unicode characters.
+  It should be used instead of the deprecated ``'u'`` type code.
   (Contributed by Inada Naoki in :gh:`80480`.)
 
-* Add ``clear()`` method in order to implement ``MutableSequence``.
+* Register :class:`array.array` as a :class:`~collections.abc.MutableSequence`
+  by implementing the :meth:`~array.array.clear` method.
   (Contributed by Mike Zimin in :gh:`114894`.)
 
+
 ast
 ---
 
-* The constructors of node types in the :mod:`ast` module are now stricter
-  in the arguments they accept, and have more intuitive behaviour when
-  arguments are omitted.
+* The constructors of node types in the :mod:`ast` module are now
+  stricter in the arguments they accept,
+  with more intuitive behavior when arguments are omitted.
 
   If an optional field on an AST node is not included as an argument when
   constructing an instance, the field will now be set to ``None``. Similarly,
   if a list field is omitted, that field will now be set to an empty list,
-  and if a :class:`!ast.expr_context` field is omitted, it defaults to
+  and if an :class:`!expr_context` field is omitted, it defaults to
   :class:`Load() <ast.Load>`.
   (Previously, in all cases, the attribute would be missing on the newly
   constructed AST node instance.)
 
-  If other arguments are omitted, a :exc:`DeprecationWarning` is emitted.
-  This will cause an exception in Python 3.15. Similarly, passing a keyword
-  argument that does not map to a field on the AST node is now deprecated,
+  In all other cases, where a required argument is omitted,
+  the node constructor will emit a :exc:`DeprecationWarning`.
+  This will raise an exception in Python 3.15.
+  Similarly, passing a keyword argument to the constructor
+  that does not map to a field on the AST node is now deprecated,
   and will raise an exception in Python 3.15.
 
-  These changes do not apply to user-defined subclasses of :class:`ast.AST`,
-  unless the class opts in to the new behavior by setting the attribute
-  :attr:`ast.AST._field_types`.
+  These changes do not apply to user-defined subclasses of :class:`ast.AST`
+  unless the class opts in to the new behavior
+  by defining the :attr:`.AST._field_types` mapping.
 
   (Contributed by Jelle Zijlstra in :gh:`105858`, :gh:`117486`, and :gh:`118851`.)
 
 * :func:`ast.parse` now accepts an optional argument *optimize*
-  which is passed on to the :func:`compile` built-in. This makes it
-  possible to obtain an optimized AST.
+  which is passed on to :func:`compile`.
+  This makes it possible to obtain an optimized AST.
   (Contributed by Irit Katriel in :gh:`108113`.)
 
+
 asyncio
 -------
 
+* :func:`asyncio.as_completed` now returns an object that is both an
+  :term:`asynchronous iterator` and a plain :term:`iterator`
+  of :term:`awaitables <awaitable>`.
+  The awaitables yielded by asynchronous iteration include original task
+  or future objects that were passed in,
+  making it easier to associate results with the tasks being completed.
+  (Contributed by Justin Arthur in :gh:`77714`.)
+
 * :meth:`asyncio.loop.create_unix_server` will now automatically remove
   the Unix socket when the server is closed.
   (Contributed by Pierre Ossman in :gh:`111246`.)
 
-* :meth:`asyncio.DatagramTransport.sendto` will now send zero-length
-  datagrams if called with an empty bytes object. The transport flow
-  control also now accounts for the datagram header when calculating
-  the buffer size.
+* :meth:`.DatagramTransport.sendto` will now send zero-length
+  datagrams if called with an empty bytes object.
+  The transport flow control also now accounts for the datagram header
+  when calculating the buffer size.
   (Contributed by Jamie Phan in :gh:`115199`.)
 
-* Add :meth:`asyncio.Server.close_clients` and
-  :meth:`asyncio.Server.abort_clients` methods which allow to more
-  forcefully close an asyncio server.
-  (Contributed by Pierre Ossman in :gh:`113538`.)
+* Add :meth:`Queue.shutdown <asyncio.Queue.shutdown>`
+  and :exc:`~asyncio.QueueShutDown` to manage queue termination.
+  (Contributed by Laurie Opperman and Yves Duprat in :gh:`104228`.)
 
-* :func:`asyncio.as_completed` now returns an object that is both an
-  :term:`asynchronous iterator` and a plain :term:`iterator` of awaitables.
-  The awaitables yielded by asynchronous iteration include original task or
-  future objects that were passed in, making it easier to associate results
-  with the tasks being completed.
-  (Contributed by Justin Arthur in :gh:`77714`.)
+* Add the :meth:`.Server.close_clients` and :meth:`.Server.abort_clients`
+  methods, which more forcefully close an asyncio server.
+  (Contributed by Pierre Ossman in :gh:`113538`.)
 
-* When :func:`asyncio.TaskGroup.create_task` is called on an inactive
-  :class:`asyncio.TaskGroup`, the given coroutine will be closed (which
-  prevents a :exc:`RuntimeWarning` about the given coroutine being
-  never awaited).
-  (Contributed by Arthur Tacca and Jason Zhang in :gh:`115957`.)
+* Accept a tuple of separators in :meth:`.StreamReader.readuntil`,
+  stopping when any one of them is encountered.
+  (Contributed by Bruce Merry in :gh:`81322`.)
 
-* Improved behavior of :class:`asyncio.TaskGroup` when an external cancellation
-  collides with an internal cancellation. For example, when two task groups
-  are nested and both experience an exception in a child task simultaneously,
-  it was possible that the outer task group would hang, because its internal
-  cancellation was swallowed by the inner task group.
+* Improve the behavior of :class:`~asyncio.TaskGroup` when
+  an external cancellation collides with an internal cancellation.
+  For example, when two task groups are nested
+  and both experience an exception in a child task simultaneously,
+  it was possible that the outer task group would hang,
+  because its internal cancellation was swallowed by the inner task group.
 
-  In the case where a task group is cancelled externally and also must
-  raise an :exc:`ExceptionGroup`, it will now call the parent task's
-  :meth:`~asyncio.Task.cancel` method.  This ensures that a
-  :exc:`asyncio.CancelledError` will be raised at the next
-  :keyword:`await`, so the cancellation is not lost.
+  In the case where a task group is cancelled externally
+  and also must raise an :exc:`ExceptionGroup`,
+  it will now call the parent task's :meth:`~asyncio.Task.cancel` method.
+  This ensures that a :exc:`~asyncio.CancelledError` will be raised
+  at the next :keyword:`await`, so the cancellation is not lost.
 
-  An added benefit of these changes is that task groups now preserve the
-  cancellation count (:meth:`asyncio.Task.cancelling`).
+  An added benefit of these changes is that task groups now preserve
+  the cancellation count (:meth:`~asyncio.Task.cancelling`).
 
-  In order to handle some corner cases, :meth:`asyncio.Task.uncancel` may now
-  reset the undocumented ``_must_cancel`` flag when the cancellation count
-  reaches zero.
+  In order to handle some corner cases, :meth:`~asyncio.Task.uncancel` may now
+  reset the undocumented ``_must_cancel`` flag
+  when the cancellation count reaches zero.
 
   (Inspired by an issue reported by Arthur Tacca in :gh:`116720`.)
 
-* Add :meth:`asyncio.Queue.shutdown` (along with
-  :exc:`asyncio.QueueShutDown`) for queue termination.
-  (Contributed by Laurie Opperman and Yves Duprat in :gh:`104228`.)
+* When :meth:`.TaskGroup.create_task` is called on an inactive
+  :class:`~asyncio.TaskGroup`, the given coroutine will be closed (which
+  prevents a :exc:`RuntimeWarning` about the given coroutine being
+  never awaited).
+  (Contributed by Arthur Tacca and Jason Zhang in :gh:`115957`.)
 
-* Accept a tuple of separators in :meth:`asyncio.StreamReader.readuntil`,
-  stopping when one of them is encountered.
-  (Contributed by Bruce Merry in :gh:`81322`.)
 
 base64
 ------
 
-* Add :func:`base64.z85encode` and :func:`base64.z85decode` functions which allow encoding
-  and decoding Z85 data.
-  See `Z85  specification <https://rfc.zeromq.org/spec/32/>`_ for more information.
+* Add :func:`~base64.z85encode` and :func:`~base64.z85decode` functions
+  for encoding :class:`bytes` as `Z85 data`_
+  and decoding Z85-encoded data to :class:`!bytes`.
   (Contributed by Matan Perelman in :gh:`75299`.)
 
+  .. _Z85 data: https://rfc.zeromq.org/spec/32/
+
+
+compileall
+----------
+
+* The default number of worker threads and processes is now selected using
+  :func:`os.process_cpu_count` instead of :func:`os.cpu_count`.
+  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`109649`.)
+
+
+concurrent.futures
+------------------
+
+* The default number of worker threads and processes is now selected using
+  :func:`os.process_cpu_count` instead of :func:`os.cpu_count`.
+  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`109649`.)
+
+
+configparser
+------------
+
+* :class:`~configparser.ConfigParser` now has support for unnamed sections,
+  which allows for top-level key-value pairs.
+  This can be enabled with the new *allow_unnamed_section* parameter.
+  (Contributed by Pedro Sousa Lacerda in :gh:`66449`.)
+
+
 copy
 ----
 
-* Add :func:`copy.replace` function which allows to create a modified copy of
-  an object, which is especially useful for immutable objects.
-  It supports named tuples created with the factory function
-  :func:`collections.namedtuple`, :class:`~dataclasses.dataclass` instances,
-  various :mod:`datetime` objects, :class:`~inspect.Signature` objects,
-  :class:`~inspect.Parameter` objects, :ref:`code object <code-objects>`, and
-  any user classes which define the :meth:`!__replace__` method.
+* The new :func:`~copy.replace` function and the :meth:`replace protocol
+  <object.__replace__>` make creating modified copies of objects much simpler.
+  This is especially useful when working with immutable objects.
+  The following types support the :func:`~copy.replace` function
+  and implement the replace protocol:
+
+  * :func:`collections.namedtuple`
+  * :class:`dataclasses.dataclass`
+  * :class:`datetime.datetime`, :class:`datetime.date`, :class:`datetime.time`
+  * :class:`inspect.Signature`, :class:`inspect.Parameter`
+  * :class:`types.SimpleNamespace`
+  * :ref:`code objects <code-objects>`
+
+  Any user-defined class can also support :func:`copy.replace` by defining
+  the :meth:`~object.__replace__` method.
   (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`108751`.)
 
+
 ctypes
 ------
 
-* The layout of :ref:`bit fields <ctypes-bit-fields-in-structures-unions>` in
-  :class:`~ctypes.Structure` and :class:`~ctypes.Union` was improved to better
-  match platform defaults (GCC/Clang or MSC). In particular, fields no longer
-  overlap.
-  (Contributed by Matthias Görgens in :gh:`97702`.)
-* A :attr:`ctypes.Structure._layout_` class attribute can be set
-  to help match a non-default ABI.
-  (Contributed by Petr Viktorin in :gh:`97702`.)
+* As a consequence of necessary internal refactoring, initialization of
+  internal metaclasses now happens in ``__init__`` rather
+  than in ``__new__``. This affects projects that subclass these internal
+  metaclasses to provide custom initialization.
+  Generally:
+
+  - Custom logic that was done in ``__new__`` after calling ``super().__new__``
+    should be moved to ``__init__``.
+  - To create a class, call the metaclass, not only the metaclass's
+    ``__new__`` method.
+
+  See :gh:`124520` for discussion and links to changes in some affected
+  projects.
+
+* :class:`ctypes.Structure` objects have a new :attr:`~ctypes.Structure._align_`
+  attribute which allows the alignment of the structure being packed to/from
+  memory to be specified explicitly.
+  (Contributed by Matt Sanderson in :gh:`112433`)
 
 dbm
 ---
 
-* Add :meth:`dbm.gnu.gdbm.clear` and :meth:`dbm.ndbm.ndbm.clear`  methods that remove all items
-  from the database.
+* Add :mod:`dbm.sqlite3`, a new module which implements an SQLite backend,
+  and make it the default :mod:`!dbm` backend.
+  (Contributed by Raymond Hettinger and Erlend E. Aasland in :gh:`100414`.)
+
+* Allow removing all items from the database through
+  the new :meth:`.gdbm.clear` and :meth:`.ndbm.clear` methods.
   (Contributed by Donghee Na in :gh:`107122`.)
 
-* Add new :mod:`dbm.sqlite3` backend, and make it the default :mod:`!dbm` backend.
-  (Contributed by Raymond Hettinger and Erlend E. Aasland in :gh:`100414`.)
 
 dis
 ---
 
 * Change the output of :mod:`dis` module functions to show logical
   labels for jump targets and exception handlers, rather than offsets.
-  The offsets can be added with the new ``-O`` command line option or
-  the ``show_offsets`` parameter.
+  The offsets can be added with the new
+  :option:`-O <dis --show-offsets>` command-line option
+  or the *show_offsets* argument.
   (Contributed by Irit Katriel in :gh:`112137`.)
 
-* :meth:`~dis.get_instructions` no longer represents cache entries as
-  separate instructions. Instead, it returns them as part of the
-  :class:`~dis.Instruction`, in the new *cache_info* field. The
-  *show_caches* argument to :meth:`~dis.get_instructions` is
-  deprecated and no longer has any effect.
+* :meth:`~dis.get_instructions` no longer represents cache entries
+  as separate instructions.
+  Instead, it returns them as part of the :class:`~dis.Instruction`,
+  in the new *cache_info* field.
+  The *show_caches* argument to :meth:`~dis.get_instructions` is deprecated
+  and no longer has any effect.
   (Contributed by Irit Katriel in :gh:`112962`.)
 
+
 .. _whatsnew313-doctest:
 
 doctest
 -------
 
-* Color is added to the output by default.
+* :mod:`doctest` output is now colored by default.
   This can be controlled via the new :envvar:`PYTHON_COLORS` environment
-  variable as well as the canonical |NO_COLOR|_ and |FORCE_COLOR|_ environment
-  variables. See also :ref:`using-on-controlling-color`.
+  variable as well as the canonical |NO_COLOR|_
+  and |FORCE_COLOR|_ environment variables.
+  See also :ref:`using-on-controlling-color`.
   (Contributed by Hugo van Kemenade in :gh:`117225`.)
 
-* The :meth:`doctest.DocTestRunner.run` method now counts the number of skipped
-  tests. Add :attr:`doctest.DocTestRunner.skips` and
-  :attr:`doctest.TestResults.skipped` attributes.
+* The :meth:`.DocTestRunner.run` method now counts the number of skipped tests.
+  Add the :attr:`.DocTestRunner.skips` and :attr:`.TestResults.skipped` attributes.
   (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`108794`.)
 
+
 email
 -----
 
-* :func:`email.utils.getaddresses` and :func:`email.utils.parseaddr` now return
-  ``('', '')`` 2-tuples in more situations where invalid email addresses are
-  encountered instead of potentially inaccurate values. Add optional *strict*
-  parameter to these two functions: use ``strict=False`` to get the old
-  behavior, accept malformed inputs.
-  ``getattr(email.utils, 'supports_strict_parsing', False)`` can be used to
-  check if the *strict* parameter is available.
+* Headers with embedded newlines are now quoted on output.
+  The :mod:`~email.generator` will now refuse to serialize (write) headers
+  that are improperly folded or delimited, such that they would be parsed as
+  multiple headers or joined with adjacent data.
+  If you need to turn this safety feature off,
+  set :attr:`~email.policy.Policy.verify_generated_headers`.
+  (Contributed by Bas Bloemsaat and Petr Viktorin in :gh:`121650`.)
+
+* :func:`~email.utils.getaddresses` and :func:`~email.utils.parseaddr` now
+  return ``('', '')`` pairs in more situations where invalid email addresses
+  are encountered instead of potentially inaccurate values.
+  The two functions have a new optional *strict* parameter (default ``True``).
+  To get the old behavior (accepting malformed input), use ``strict=False``.
+  ``getattr(email.utils, 'supports_strict_parsing', False)`` can be used
+  to check if the *strict* parameter is available.
   (Contributed by Thomas Dwyer and Victor Stinner for :gh:`102988` to improve
   the :cve:`2023-27043` fix.)
 
+
 fractions
 ---------
 
-* Formatting for objects of type :class:`fractions.Fraction` now supports
-  the standard format specification mini-language rules for fill, alignment,
-  sign handling, minimum width and grouping. (Contributed by Mark Dickinson
-  in :gh:`111320`.)
-
-gc
---
+* :class:`~fractions.Fraction` objects now support the standard
+  :ref:`format specification mini-language <formatspec>` rules
+  for fill, alignment, sign handling, minimum width, and grouping.
+  (Contributed by Mark Dickinson in :gh:`111320`.)
 
-* The cyclic garbage collector is now incremental, which changes the meanings
-  of the results of :meth:`gc.get_threshold` and :meth:`gc.set_threshold` as
-  well as :meth:`gc.get_count` and :meth:`gc.get_stats`.
-
-  * :meth:`gc.get_threshold` returns a three-item tuple for backwards compatibility.
-    The first value is the threshold for young collections, as before; the second
-    value determines the rate at which the old collection is scanned (the
-    default is 10, and higher values mean that the old collection is scanned more slowly).
-    The third value is meaningless and is always zero.
-  * :meth:`gc.set_threshold` ignores any items after the second.
-  * :meth:`gc.get_count` and :meth:`gc.get_stats`
-    return the same format of results as before.
-    The only difference is that instead of the results referring to
-    the young, aging and old generations, the results refer to the
-    young generation and the aging and collecting spaces of the old generation.
-
-  In summary, code that attempted to manipulate the behavior of the cycle GC may
-  not work exactly as intended, but it is very unlikely to be harmful.
-  All other code will work just fine.
 
 glob
 ----
 
-* Add :func:`glob.translate` function that converts a path specification with
-  shell-style wildcards to a regular expression.
+* Add :func:`~glob.translate`, a function to convert a path specification
+  with shell-style wildcards to a regular expression.
   (Contributed by Barney Gale in :gh:`72904`.)
 
+
 importlib
 ---------
 
-* Previously deprecated :mod:`importlib.resources` functions are un-deprecated:
+* The following functions in :mod:`importlib.resources` now allow accessing
+  a directory (or tree) of resources, using multiple positional arguments
+  (the *encoding* and *errors* arguments in the text-reading functions
+  are now keyword-only):
 
-    * :func:`~importlib.resources.is_resource()`
-    * :func:`~importlib.resources.open_binary()`
-    * :func:`~importlib.resources.open_text()`
-    * :func:`~importlib.resources.path()`
-    * :func:`~importlib.resources.read_binary()`
-    * :func:`~importlib.resources.read_text()`
+  * :func:`~importlib.resources.is_resource`
+  * :func:`~importlib.resources.open_binary`
+  * :func:`~importlib.resources.open_text`
+  * :func:`~importlib.resources.path`
+  * :func:`~importlib.resources.read_binary`
+  * :func:`~importlib.resources.read_text`
 
-  All now allow for a directory (or tree) of resources, using multiple positional
-  arguments.
+  These functions are no longer deprecated and are not scheduled for removal.
+  (Contributed by Petr Viktorin in :gh:`116608`.)
 
-  For text-reading functions, the *encoding* and *errors* must now be given as
-  keyword arguments.
-
-  The :func:`~importlib.resources.contents()` remains deprecated in favor of
-  the full-featured :class:`~importlib.resources.abc.Traversable` API.
+* :func:`~importlib.resources.contents` remains deprecated in favor of
+  the fully-featured :class:`~importlib.resources.abc.Traversable` API.
   However, there is now no plan to remove it.
+  (Contributed by Petr Viktorin in :gh:`116608`.)
 
-  (Contributed by Petr Viktorin in :gh:`106532`.)
 
 io
 --
 
-* The :class:`io.IOBase` finalizer now logs the ``close()`` method errors with
-  :data:`sys.unraisablehook`. Previously, errors were ignored silently by default,
-  and only logged in :ref:`Python Development Mode <devmode>` or on :ref:`Python
-  built on debug mode <debug-build>`.
+* The :class:`~io.IOBase` finalizer now logs any errors raised by
+  the :meth:`~io.IOBase.close` method with :data:`sys.unraisablehook`.
+  Previously, errors were ignored silently by default,
+  and only logged in :ref:`Python Development Mode <devmode>`
+  or when using a :ref:`Python debug build <debug-build>`.
   (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`62948`.)
 
+
 ipaddress
 ---------
 
-* Add the :attr:`ipaddress.IPv4Address.ipv6_mapped` property, which returns the IPv4-mapped IPv6 address.
+* Add the :attr:`.IPv4Address.ipv6_mapped` property,
+  which returns the IPv4-mapped IPv6 address.
   (Contributed by Charles Machalow in :gh:`109466`.)
+
 * Fix ``is_global`` and ``is_private`` behavior in
-  :class:`~ipaddress.IPv4Address`,
-  :class:`~ipaddress.IPv6Address`,
-  :class:`~ipaddress.IPv4Network` and
-  :class:`~ipaddress.IPv6Network`.
+  :class:`~ipaddress.IPv4Address`, :class:`~ipaddress.IPv6Address`,
+  :class:`~ipaddress.IPv4Network`, and :class:`~ipaddress.IPv6Network`.
+  (Contributed by Jakub Stasiak in :gh:`113171`.)
+
 
 itertools
 ---------
 
-* Added a ``strict`` option to :func:`itertools.batched`.
-  This raises a :exc:`ValueError` if the final batch is shorter
+* :func:`~itertools.batched` has a new *strict* parameter,
+  which raises a :exc:`ValueError` if the final batch is shorter
   than the specified batch size.
   (Contributed by Raymond Hettinger in :gh:`113202`.)
 
+
 marshal
 -------
 
 * Add the *allow_code* parameter in module functions.
-  Passing ``allow_code=False`` prevents serialization and de-serialization of
-  code objects which are incompatible between Python versions.
+  Passing ``allow_code=False`` prevents serialization and de-serialization
+  of code objects which are incompatible between Python versions.
   (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`113626`.)
 
+
 math
 ----
 
-* A new function :func:`~math.fma` for fused multiply-add operations has been
-  added. This function computes ``x * y + z`` with only a single round, and so
-  avoids any intermediate loss of precision. It wraps the ``fma()`` function
-  provided by C99, and follows the specification of the IEEE 754
-  "fusedMultiplyAdd" operation for special cases.
+* The new function :func:`~math.fma` performs fused multiply-add operations.
+  This computes ``x * y + z`` with only a single round,
+  and so avoids any intermediate loss of precision.
+  It wraps the ``fma()`` function provided by C99,
+  and follows the specification of the IEEE 754 "fusedMultiplyAdd" operation
+  for special cases.
   (Contributed by Mark Dickinson and Victor Stinner in :gh:`73468`.)
 
+
 mimetypes
 ---------
 
-* Add the :func:`~mimetypes.guess_file_type` function which works with file path.
-  Passing file path instead of URL in :func:`~mimetypes.guess_type` is :term:`soft deprecated`.
+* Add the :func:`~mimetypes.guess_file_type` function to guess a MIME type
+  from a filesystem path.
+  Using paths with :func:`~mimetypes.guess_type` is now :term:`soft deprecated`.
   (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`66543`.)
 
+
 mmap
 ----
 
-* The :class:`mmap.mmap` class now has an :meth:`~mmap.mmap.seekable` method
+* :class:`~mmap.mmap` is now protected from crashing on Windows when the
+  mapped memory is inaccessible due to file system errors or access violations.
+  (Contributed by Jannis Weigend in :gh:`118209`.)
+
+* :class:`~mmap.mmap` has a new :meth:`~mmap.mmap.seekable` method
   that can be used when a seekable file-like object is required.
   The :meth:`~mmap.mmap.seek` method now returns the new absolute position.
   (Contributed by Donghee Na and Sylvie Liberman in :gh:`111835`.)
-* :class:`mmap.mmap` now has a *trackfd* parameter on Unix; if it is ``False``,
-  the file descriptor specified by *fileno* will not be duplicated.
+
+* The new UNIX-only *trackfd* parameter for :class:`~mmap.mmap` controls
+  file descriptor duplication;
+  if false, the file descriptor specified by *fileno* will not be duplicated.
   (Contributed by Zackery Spytz and Petr Viktorin in :gh:`78502`.)
-* :class:`mmap.mmap` is now protected from crashing on Windows when the mapped memory
-  is inaccessible due to file system errors or access violations.
-  (Contributed by Jannis Weigend in :gh:`118209`.)
 
-opcode
-------
 
-* Move ``opcode.ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION`` to ``_opcode.ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION``.
-  This field was added in 3.12, it was never documented and is not intended for
-  external usage. (Contributed by Irit Katriel in :gh:`105481`.)
+multiprocessing
+---------------
+
+* The default number of worker threads and processes is now selected using
+  :func:`os.process_cpu_count` instead of :func:`os.cpu_count`.
+  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`109649`.)
 
-* Removed ``opcode.is_pseudo``, ``opcode.MIN_PSEUDO_OPCODE`` and
-  ``opcode.MAX_PSEUDO_OPCODE``, which were added in 3.12, were never
-  documented or exposed through ``dis``, and were not intended to be
-  used externally.
 
 os
 --
 
-* Add :func:`os.process_cpu_count` function to get the number of logical CPUs
-  usable by the calling thread of the current process.
+* Add :func:`~os.process_cpu_count` function to get the number
+  of logical CPU cores usable by the calling thread of the current process.
   (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`109649`.)
 
-* Add a low level interface for Linux's timer notification file descriptors
-  via :func:`os.timerfd_create`,
-  :func:`os.timerfd_settime`, :func:`os.timerfd_settime_ns`,
-  :func:`os.timerfd_gettime`, and :func:`os.timerfd_gettime_ns`,
-  :const:`os.TFD_NONBLOCK`, :const:`os.TFD_CLOEXEC`,
-  :const:`os.TFD_TIMER_ABSTIME`, and :const:`os.TFD_TIMER_CANCEL_ON_SET`
-  (Contributed by Masaru Tsuchiyama in :gh:`108277`.)
-
-* :func:`os.cpu_count` and :func:`os.process_cpu_count` can be overridden through
-  the new environment variable :envvar:`PYTHON_CPU_COUNT` or the new command-line option
-  :option:`-X cpu_count <-X>`. This option is useful for users who need to limit
-  CPU resources of a container system without having to modify the container (application code).
+* :func:`~os.cpu_count` and :func:`~os.process_cpu_count` can be overridden
+  through the new environment variable :envvar:`PYTHON_CPU_COUNT`
+  or the new command-line option :option:`-X cpu_count <-X>`.
+  This option is useful for users who need to limit CPU resources
+  of a container system without having to modify application code
+  or the container itself.
   (Contributed by Donghee Na in :gh:`109595`.)
 
-* Add support of :func:`os.lchmod` and the *follow_symlinks* argument
-  in :func:`os.chmod` on Windows.
-  Note that the default value of *follow_symlinks* in :func:`!os.lchmod` is
-  ``False`` on Windows.
+* Add a :ref:`low level interface <os-timerfd>` to Linux's
+  :manpage:`timer file descriptors <timerfd_create(2)>`
+  via :func:`~os.timerfd_create`,
+  :func:`~os.timerfd_settime`, :func:`~os.timerfd_settime_ns`,
+  :func:`~os.timerfd_gettime`, :func:`~os.timerfd_gettime_ns`,
+  :const:`~os.TFD_NONBLOCK`, :const:`~os.TFD_CLOEXEC`,
+  :const:`~os.TFD_TIMER_ABSTIME`, and :const:`~os.TFD_TIMER_CANCEL_ON_SET`
+  (Contributed by Masaru Tsuchiyama in :gh:`108277`.)
+
+* :func:`~os.lchmod` and the *follow_symlinks* argument of :func:`~os.chmod`
+  are both now available on Windows.
+  Note that the default value of *follow_symlinks*
+  in :func:`!lchmod` is ``False`` on Windows.
   (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`59616`.)
 
-* Add support of :func:`os.fchmod` and a file descriptor
-  in :func:`os.chmod` on Windows.
+* :func:`~os.fchmod` and support for file descriptors in :func:`~os.chmod`
+  are both now available on Windows.
   (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`113191`.)
 
-* :func:`os.posix_spawn` now accepts ``env=None``, which makes the newly spawned
-  process use the current process environment.
+* On Windows, :func:`~os.mkdir` and :func:`~os.makedirs` now support passing
+  a *mode* value of ``0o700`` to apply access control to the new directory.
+  This implicitly affects :func:`tempfile.mkdtemp`
+  and is a mitigation for :cve:`2024-4030`.
+  Other values for *mode* continue to be ignored.
+  (Contributed by Steve Dower in :gh:`118486`.)
+
+* :func:`~os.posix_spawn` now accepts ``None`` for the *env* argument,
+  which makes the newly spawned process use the current process environment.
   (Contributed by Jakub Kulik in :gh:`113119`.)
 
-* :func:`os.posix_spawn` gains an :attr:`os.POSIX_SPAWN_CLOSEFROM` attribute for
-  use in ``file_actions=`` on platforms that support
+* :func:`~os.posix_spawn` can now use the :attr:`~os.POSIX_SPAWN_CLOSEFROM`
+  attribute in the *file_actions* parameter on platforms that support
   :c:func:`!posix_spawn_file_actions_addclosefrom_np`.
   (Contributed by Jakub Kulik in :gh:`113117`.)
 
-* :func:`os.mkdir` and :func:`os.makedirs` on Windows now support passing a
-  *mode* value of ``0o700`` to apply access control to the new directory. This
-  implicitly affects :func:`tempfile.mkdtemp` and is a mitigation for
-  :cve:`2024-4030`. Other values for *mode* continue to be ignored.
-  (Contributed by Steve Dower in :gh:`118486`.)
 
 os.path
 -------
 
-* Add :func:`os.path.isreserved` to check if a path is reserved on the current
-  system. This function is only available on Windows.
+* Add :func:`~os.path.isreserved` to check if a path is reserved
+  on the current system.
+  This function is only available on Windows.
   (Contributed by Barney Gale in :gh:`88569`.)
-* On Windows, :func:`os.path.isabs` no longer considers paths starting with
-  exactly one (back)slash to be absolute.
+
+* On Windows, :func:`~os.path.isabs` no longer considers paths
+  starting with exactly one slash (``\`` or ``/``) to be absolute.
   (Contributed by Barney Gale and Jon Foster in :gh:`44626`.)
 
-* Add support of *dir_fd* and *follow_symlinks* keyword arguments in
-  :func:`shutil.chown`.
-  (Contributed by Berker Peksag and Tahia K in :gh:`62308`)
+* :func:`~os.path.realpath` now resolves MS-DOS style file names
+  even if the file is not accessible.
+  (Contributed by Moonsik Park in :gh:`82367`.)
+
 
 pathlib
 -------
 
-* Add :exc:`pathlib.UnsupportedOperation`, which is raised instead of
+* Add :exc:`~pathlib.UnsupportedOperation`, which is raised instead of
   :exc:`NotImplementedError` when a path operation isn't supported.
   (Contributed by Barney Gale in :gh:`89812`.)
 
-* Add :meth:`pathlib.Path.from_uri`, a new constructor to create a :class:`pathlib.Path`
-  object from a 'file' URI (``file://``).
+* Add a new constructor for creating :class:`~pathlib.Path` objects
+  from 'file' URIs (``file:///``), :meth:`.Path.from_uri`.
   (Contributed by Barney Gale in :gh:`107465`.)
 
-* Add :meth:`pathlib.PurePath.full_match` for matching paths with
+* Add :meth:`.PurePath.full_match` for matching paths with
   shell-style wildcards, including the recursive wildcard "``**``".
   (Contributed by Barney Gale in :gh:`73435`.)
 
-* Add :attr:`pathlib.PurePath.parser` class attribute that stores the
-  implementation of :mod:`os.path` used for low-level path parsing and
-  joining: either ``posixpath`` or ``ntpath``.
+* Add the :attr:`.PurePath.parser` class attribute to store the
+  implementation of :mod:`os.path` used
+  for low-level path parsing and joining.
+  This will be either :mod:`!posixpath` or :mod:`!ntpath`.
 
-* Add *recurse_symlinks* keyword-only argument to :meth:`pathlib.Path.glob`
-  and :meth:`~pathlib.Path.rglob`.
+* Add *recurse_symlinks* keyword-only argument to
+  :meth:`.Path.glob` and :meth:`~pathlib.Path.rglob`.
   (Contributed by Barney Gale in :gh:`77609`.)
 
-* Add *follow_symlinks* keyword-only argument to :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_file`,
-  :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_dir`, :meth:`~pathlib.Path.owner`,
-  :meth:`~pathlib.Path.group`.
-  (Contributed by Barney Gale in :gh:`105793`, and Kamil Turek in
-  :gh:`107962`.)
-
-* Return files and directories from :meth:`pathlib.Path.glob` and
-  :meth:`~pathlib.Path.rglob` when given a pattern that ends with "``**``". In
-  earlier versions, only directories were returned.
+* :meth:`.Path.glob` and :meth:`~pathlib.Path.rglob`
+  now return files and directories when given a pattern that ends with "``**``".
+  Previously, only directories were returned.
   (Contributed by Barney Gale in :gh:`70303`.)
 
+* Add the *follow_symlinks* keyword-only argument to
+  :meth:`Path.is_file <pathlib.Path.is_file>`,
+  :meth:`Path.is_dir <pathlib.Path.is_dir>`,
+  :meth:`.Path.owner`, and :meth:`.Path.group`.
+  (Contributed by Barney Gale in :gh:`105793` and Kamil Turek in :gh:`107962`.)
+
+
 pdb
 ---
 
-* Add ability to move between chained exceptions during post mortem debugging in :func:`~pdb.pm` using
-  the new ``exceptions [exc_number]`` command for Pdb. (Contributed by Matthias
-  Bussonnier in :gh:`106676`.)
-
-* Expressions/statements whose prefix is a pdb command are now correctly
-  identified and executed.
-  (Contributed by Tian Gao in :gh:`108464`.)
+* :func:`breakpoint` and :func:`~pdb.set_trace` now enter the debugger immediately
+  rather than on the next line of code to be executed. This change prevents the
+  debugger from breaking outside of the context when :func:`!breakpoint` is positioned
+  at the end of the context.
+  (Contributed by Tian Gao in :gh:`118579`.)
 
-* ``sys.path[0]`` will no longer be replaced by the directory of the script
-  being debugged when ``sys.flags.safe_path`` is set (via the :option:`-P`
-  command line option or :envvar:`PYTHONSAFEPATH` environment variable).
+* ``sys.path[0]`` is no longer replaced by the directory of the script
+  being debugged when :attr:`sys.flags.safe_path` is set.
   (Contributed by Tian Gao and Christian Walther in :gh:`111762`.)
 
-* :mod:`zipapp` is supported as a debugging target.
+* :mod:`zipapp` is now supported as a debugging target.
   (Contributed by Tian Gao in :gh:`118501`.)
 
-* ``breakpoint()`` and ``pdb.set_trace()`` now enter the debugger immediately
-  rather than on the next line of code to be executed. This change prevents the
-  debugger from breaking outside of the context when ``breakpoint()`` is positioned
-  at the end of the context.
-  (Contributed by Tian Gao in :gh:`118579`.)
+* Add ability to move between chained exceptions during
+  post-mortem debugging in :func:`~pdb.pm` using
+  the new :pdbcmd:`exceptions [exc_number] <exceptions>` command for Pdb.
+  (Contributed by Matthias Bussonnier in :gh:`106676`.)
+
+* Expressions and statements whose prefix is a pdb command are now correctly
+  identified and executed.
+  (Contributed by Tian Gao in :gh:`108464`.)
+
 
 queue
 -----
 
-* Add :meth:`queue.Queue.shutdown` (along with :exc:`queue.ShutDown`) for queue
-  termination.
+* Add :meth:`Queue.shutdown <queue.Queue.shutdown>` and :exc:`~queue.ShutDown`
+  to manage queue termination.
   (Contributed by Laurie Opperman and Yves Duprat in :gh:`104750`.)
 
+
 random
 ------
 
 * Add a :ref:`command-line interface <random-cli>`.
   (Contributed by Hugo van Kemenade in :gh:`118131`.)
 
+
 re
 --
-* Rename :exc:`!re.error` to :exc:`re.PatternError` for improved clarity.
+
+* Rename :exc:`!re.error` to :exc:`~re.PatternError` for improved clarity.
   :exc:`!re.error` is kept for backward compatibility.
 
+
+shutil
+------
+
+* Support the *dir_fd* and *follow_symlinks* keyword arguments
+  in :func:`~shutil.chown`.
+  (Contributed by Berker Peksag and Tahia K in :gh:`62308`)
+
+
 site
 ----
 
-* :file:`.pth` files are now decoded by UTF-8 first, and then by the
-  :term:`locale encoding` if the UTF-8 decoding fails.
+* :file:`.pth` files are now decoded using UTF-8 first,
+  and then with the :term:`locale encoding` if UTF-8 decoding fails.
   (Contributed by Inada Naoki in :gh:`117802`.)
 
+
 sqlite3
 -------
 
-* A :exc:`ResourceWarning` is now emitted if a :class:`sqlite3.Connection`
+* A :exc:`ResourceWarning` is now emitted if a :class:`~sqlite3.Connection`
   object is not :meth:`closed <sqlite3.Connection.close>` explicitly.
   (Contributed by Erlend E. Aasland in :gh:`105539`.)
 
-* Add *filter* keyword-only parameter to :meth:`sqlite3.Connection.iterdump`
+* Add the *filter* keyword-only parameter to :meth:`.Connection.iterdump`
   for filtering database objects to dump.
   (Contributed by Mariusz Felisiak in :gh:`91602`.)
 
-statistics
+
+ssl
+---
+
+* The :func:`~ssl.create_default_context` API now includes
+  :data:`~ssl.VERIFY_X509_PARTIAL_CHAIN` and :data:`~ssl.VERIFY_X509_STRICT`
+  in its default flags.
+
+  .. note::
+
+     :data:`~ssl.VERIFY_X509_STRICT` may reject pre-:rfc:`5280`
+     or malformed certificates that the underlying OpenSSL implementation
+     might otherwise accept.
+     Whilst disabling this is not recommended, you can do so using:
+
+     .. code-block:: python
+
+        import ssl
+
+        ctx = ssl.create_default_context()
+        ctx.verify_flags &= ~ssl.VERIFY_X509_STRICT
+
+  (Contributed by William Woodruff in :gh:`112389`.)
+
+
+statistics
 ----------
 
-* Add :func:`statistics.kde` for kernel density estimation.
+* Add :func:`~statistics.kde` for kernel density estimation.
   This makes it possible to estimate a continuous probability density function
-  from a fixed number of discrete samples.  Also added :func:`statistics.kde_random`
-  for sampling from the estimated probability density function.
+  from a fixed number of discrete samples.
+  (Contributed by Raymond Hettinger in :gh:`115863`.)
+
+* Add :func:`~statistics.kde_random` for sampling from an
+  estimated probability density function created by :func:`~statistics.kde`.
   (Contributed by Raymond Hettinger in :gh:`115863`.)
 
+
 .. _whatsnew313-subprocess:
 
 subprocess
 ----------
 
-* The :mod:`subprocess` module now uses the :func:`os.posix_spawn` function in
-  more situations.  Notably in the default case of ``close_fds=True`` on more
-  recent versions of platforms including Linux, FreeBSD, and Solaris where the
-  C library provides :c:func:`!posix_spawn_file_actions_addclosefrom_np`.
-  On Linux this should perform similar to our existing Linux :c:func:`!vfork`
-  based code.  A private control knob :attr:`!subprocess._USE_POSIX_SPAWN` can
-  be set to ``False`` if you need to force :mod:`subprocess` not to ever use
-  :func:`os.posix_spawn`.  Please report your reason and platform details in
-  the CPython issue tracker if you set this so that we can improve our API
-  selection logic for everyone.
+* The :mod:`subprocess` module now uses the :func:`~os.posix_spawn` function in
+  more situations.
+
+  Notably, when *close_fds* is ``True`` (the default),
+  :func:`~os.posix_spawn` will be used when the C library provides
+  :c:func:`!posix_spawn_file_actions_addclosefrom_np`,
+  which includes recent versions of Linux, FreeBSD, and Solaris.
+  On Linux, this should perform similarly to the existing
+  Linux :c:func:`!vfork` based code.
+
+  A private control knob :attr:`!subprocess._USE_POSIX_SPAWN` can
+  be set to ``False`` if you need to force :mod:`subprocess`
+  to never use :func:`~os.posix_spawn`.
+  Please report your reason and platform details in
+  the :ref:`issue tracker <using-the-tracker>` if you set this
+  so that we can improve our API selection logic for everyone.
   (Contributed by Jakub Kulik in :gh:`113117`.)
 
+
 sys
 ---
 
-* Add the :func:`sys._is_interned` function to test if the string was interned.
+* Add the :func:`~sys._is_interned` function to test if a string was interned.
   This function is not guaranteed to exist in all implementations of Python.
   (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`78573`.)
 
+
 tempfile
 --------
 
 * On Windows, the default mode ``0o700`` used by :func:`tempfile.mkdtemp` now
-  limits access to the new directory due to changes to :func:`os.mkdir`. This
-  is a mitigation for :cve:`2024-4030`.
+  limits access to the new directory due to changes to :func:`os.mkdir`.
+  This is a mitigation for :cve:`2024-4030`.
   (Contributed by Steve Dower in :gh:`118486`.)
 
+
 time
 ----
 
-* On Windows, :func:`time.monotonic()` now uses the
-  ``QueryPerformanceCounter()`` clock to have a resolution better than 1 us,
-  instead of the ``GetTickCount64()`` clock which has a resolution of 15.6 ms.
+* On Windows, :func:`~time.monotonic` now uses the
+  ``QueryPerformanceCounter()`` clock for a resolution of 1 microsecond,
+  instead of the ``GetTickCount64()`` clock which has
+  a resolution of 15.6 milliseconds.
   (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`88494`.)
 
-* On Windows, :func:`time.time()` now uses the
-  ``GetSystemTimePreciseAsFileTime()`` clock to have a resolution better
-  than 1 μs, instead of the ``GetSystemTimeAsFileTime()`` clock which has a
-  resolution of 15.6 ms.
+* On Windows, :func:`~time.time` now uses the
+  ``GetSystemTimePreciseAsFileTime()`` clock for a resolution of 1 microsecond,
+  instead of the ``GetSystemTimeAsFileTime()`` clock which has
+  a resolution of 15.6 milliseconds.
   (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`63207`.)
 
 
@@ -1105,20 +1304,21 @@ tkinter
 
 * The :mod:`tkinter` widget method :meth:`!wm_attributes` now accepts
   the attribute name without the minus prefix to get window attributes,
-  e.g. ``w.wm_attributes('alpha')`` and allows to specify attributes and
-  values to set as keyword arguments, e.g. ``w.wm_attributes(alpha=0.5)``.
-  Add new optional keyword-only parameter *return_python_dict*: calling
-  ``w.wm_attributes(return_python_dict=True)`` returns the attributes as
-  a dict instead of a tuple.
+  for example ``w.wm_attributes('alpha')``
+  and allows specifying attributes and values to set as keyword arguments,
+  for example ``w.wm_attributes(alpha=0.5)``.
   (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`43457`.)
 
-* Add new optional keyword-only parameter *return_ints* in
-  the :meth:`!Text.count` method.
-  Passing ``return_ints=True`` makes it always returning the single count
-  as an integer instead of a 1-tuple or ``None``.
+* :meth:`!wm_attributes` can now return attributes as a :class:`dict`,
+  by using the new optional keyword-only parameter *return_python_dict*.
+  (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`43457`.)
+
+* :meth:`!Text.count` can now return a simple :class:`int`
+  when the new optional keyword-only parameter *return_ints* is used.
+  Otherwise, the single count is returned as a 1-tuple or ``None``.
   (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`97928`.)
 
-* Add support of the "vsapi" element type in
+* Support the "vsapi" element type in
   the :meth:`~tkinter.ttk.Style.element_create` method of
   :class:`tkinter.ttk.Style`.
   (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`68166`.)
@@ -1126,304 +1326,375 @@ tkinter
 * Add the :meth:`!after_info` method for Tkinter widgets.
   (Contributed by Cheryl Sabella in :gh:`77020`.)
 
-* Add the :class:`!PhotoImage` method :meth:`!copy_replace` to copy a region
-  from one image to other image, possibly with pixel zooming and/or
-  subsampling.
-  Add *from_coords* parameter to :class:`!PhotoImage` methods :meth:`!copy()`,
-  :meth:`!zoom()` and :meth:`!subsample()`.
-  Add *zoom* and *subsample* parameters to :class:`!PhotoImage` method
-  :meth:`!copy()`.
+* Add a new :meth:`!copy_replace` method to :class:`!PhotoImage`
+  to copy a region from one image to another,
+  possibly with pixel zooming, subsampling, or both.
+  (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`118225`.)
+
+* Add *from_coords* parameter to the :class:`!PhotoImage` methods
+  :meth:`!copy`, :meth:`!zoom` and :meth:`!subsample`.
+  Add *zoom* and *subsample* parameters to the :class:`!PhotoImage` method
+  :meth:`!copy`.
   (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`118225`.)
 
-* Add the :class:`!PhotoImage` methods :meth:`!read` to read
-  an image from a file and :meth:`!data` to get the image data.
-  Add *background* and *grayscale* parameters to :class:`!PhotoImage` method
-  :meth:`!write`.
+* Add the :class:`!PhotoImage` methods
+  :meth:`!read` to read an image from a file
+  and :meth:`!data` to get the image data.
+  Add *background* and *grayscale* parameters to the :meth:`!write` method.
   (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`118271`.)
 
+
 traceback
 ---------
 
-* Add *show_group* parameter to :func:`traceback.TracebackException.format_exception_only`
-  to format the nested exceptions of a :exc:`BaseExceptionGroup` instance, recursively.
+* Add the :attr:`~traceback.TracebackException.exc_type_str` attribute
+  to :class:`~traceback.TracebackException`,
+  which holds a string display of the *exc_type*.
+  Deprecate the :attr:`~traceback.TracebackException.exc_type` attribute,
+  which holds the type object itself.
+  Add parameter *save_exc_type* (default ``True``)
+  to indicate whether ``exc_type`` should be saved.
+  (Contributed by Irit Katriel in :gh:`112332`.)
+
+* Add a new *show_group* keyword-only parameter to
+  :meth:`.TracebackException.format_exception_only` to (recursively) format
+  the nested exceptions of a :exc:`BaseExceptionGroup` instance.
   (Contributed by Irit Katriel in :gh:`105292`.)
 
-* Add the field *exc_type_str* to :class:`~traceback.TracebackException`, which
-  holds a string display of the *exc_type*. Deprecate the field *exc_type*
-  which holds the type object itself. Add parameter *save_exc_type* (default
-  ``True``) to indicate whether ``exc_type`` should be saved.
-  (Contributed by Irit Katriel in :gh:`112332`.)
 
 types
 -----
 
-* :class:`~types.SimpleNamespace` constructor now allows specifying initial
-  values of attributes as a positional argument which must be a mapping or
-  an iterable of key-value pairs.
+* :class:`~types.SimpleNamespace` can now take a single positional argument
+  to initialise the namespace's arguments.
+  This argument must either be a mapping or an iterable of key-value pairs.
   (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`108191`.)
 
+
 typing
 ------
 
-* Add :func:`typing.get_protocol_members` to return the set of members
-  defining a :class:`typing.Protocol`. Add :func:`typing.is_protocol` to
-  check whether a class is a :class:`typing.Protocol`. (Contributed by Jelle Zijlstra in
-  :gh:`104873`.)
+* :pep:`705`: Add :data:`~typing.ReadOnly`, a special typing construct
+  to mark a :class:`~typing.TypedDict` item as read-only for type checkers.
+
+* :pep:`742`: Add :data:`~typing.TypeIs`, a typing construct
+  that can be used to instruct a type checker how to narrow a type.
+
+* Add :data:`~typing.NoDefault`, a sentinel object used to represent
+  the defaults of some parameters in the :mod:`typing` module.
+  (Contributed by Jelle Zijlstra in :gh:`116126`.)
+
+* Add :func:`~typing.get_protocol_members` to return the set of members
+  defining a :class:`typing.Protocol`.
+  (Contributed by Jelle Zijlstra in :gh:`104873`.)
+
+* Add :func:`~typing.is_protocol` to check whether a class
+  is a :class:`~typing.Protocol`.
+  (Contributed by Jelle Zijlstra in :gh:`104873`.)
 
-* Add :data:`typing.ReadOnly`, a special typing construct to mark
-  an item of a :class:`typing.TypedDict` as read-only for type checkers.
-  See :pep:`705` for more details.
+* :data:`~typing.ClassVar` can now be nested in :data:`~typing.Final`,
+  and vice versa.
+  (Contributed by Mehdi Drissi in :gh:`89547`.)
 
-* Add :data:`typing.NoDefault`, a sentinel object used to represent the defaults
-  of some parameters in the :mod:`typing` module. (Contributed by Jelle Zijlstra in
-  :gh:`116126`.)
 
 unicodedata
 -----------
 
-* The Unicode database has been updated to version 15.1.0. (Contributed by
-  James Gerity in :gh:`109559`.)
+* Update the Unicode database to `version 15.1.0`__.
+  (Contributed by James Gerity in :gh:`109559`.)
+
+  __ https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode15.1.0/
+
 
 venv
 ----
 
-* Add support for adding source control management (SCM) ignore files to a
-  virtual environment's directory. By default, Git is supported. This is
-  implemented as opt-in via the API which can be extended to support other SCMs
-  (:class:`venv.EnvBuilder` and :func:`venv.create`), and opt-out via the CLI
-  (using ``--without-scm-ignore-files``). (Contributed by Brett Cannon in
-  :gh:`108125`.)
+* Add support for creating source control management (SCM) ignore files
+  in a virtual environment's directory.
+  By default, Git is supported.
+  This is implemented as opt-in via the API,
+  which can be extended to support other SCMs
+  (:class:`~venv.EnvBuilder` and :func:`~venv.create`),
+  and opt-out via the CLI, using :option:`!--without-scm-ignore-files`.
+  (Contributed by Brett Cannon in :gh:`108125`.)
+
 
 warnings
 --------
 
-* The new :func:`warnings.deprecated` decorator provides a way to communicate
-  deprecations to :term:`static type checkers <static type checker>` and
-  to warn on usage of deprecated classes and functions. A runtime deprecation
-  warning may also be emitted when a decorated function or class is used at runtime.
-  See :pep:`702`. (Contributed by Jelle Zijlstra in :gh:`104003`.)
+* :pep:`702`: The new :func:`warnings.deprecated` decorator provides a way to
+  communicate deprecations to a :term:`static type checker`
+  and to warn on usage of deprecated classes and functions.
+  A :exc:`DeprecationWarning` may also be emitted when
+  a decorated function or class is used at runtime.
+  (Contributed by Jelle Zijlstra in :gh:`104003`.)
 
-xml.etree.ElementTree
----------------------
+
+xml
+---
+
+* Allow controlling Expat >=2.6.0 reparse deferral (:cve:`2023-52425`)
+  by adding five new methods:
+
+  * :meth:`xml.etree.ElementTree.XMLParser.flush`
+  * :meth:`xml.etree.ElementTree.XMLPullParser.flush`
+  * :meth:`xml.parsers.expat.xmlparser.GetReparseDeferralEnabled`
+  * :meth:`xml.parsers.expat.xmlparser.SetReparseDeferralEnabled`
+  * :meth:`!xml.sax.expatreader.ExpatParser.flush`
+
+  (Contributed by Sebastian Pipping in :gh:`115623`.)
 
 * Add the :meth:`!close` method for the iterator returned by
-  :func:`~xml.etree.ElementTree.iterparse` for explicit cleaning up.
+  :func:`~xml.etree.ElementTree.iterparse` for explicit cleanup.
   (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`69893`.)
 
+
 zipimport
 ---------
 
-* Gains support for ZIP64 format files.  Everybody loves huge code right?
+* Add support for ZIP64_ format files.
+  Everybody loves huge data, right?
   (Contributed by Tim Hatch in :gh:`94146`.)
 
-.. Add improved modules above alphabetically, not here at the end.
+  .. _ZIP64: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zip_(file_format)#ZIP64
+
 
 Optimizations
 =============
 
-* :func:`textwrap.indent` is now ~30% faster than before for large input.
+* Several standard library modules have had
+  their import times significantly improved.
+  For example, the import time of the :mod:`typing` module
+  has been reduced by around a third by removing dependencies
+  on :mod:`re` and :mod:`contextlib`.
+  Other modules to enjoy import-time speedups include
+  :mod:`email.utils`, :mod:`enum`, :mod:`functools`,
+  :mod:`importlib.metadata`, and :mod:`threading`.
+  (Contributed by Alex Waygood, Shantanu Jain, Adam Turner, Daniel Hollas,
+  and others in :gh:`109653`.)
+
+* :func:`textwrap.indent` is now around 30% faster than before for large input.
   (Contributed by Inada Naoki in :gh:`107369`.)
 
-* The :mod:`subprocess` module uses :func:`os.posix_spawn` in more situations
-  including the default where ``close_fds=True`` on many modern platforms.  This
-  should provide a noteworthy performance increase launching processes on
-  FreeBSD and Solaris.  See the :ref:`subprocess <whatsnew313-subprocess>`
-  section above for details.
+* The :mod:`subprocess` module now uses the :func:`~os.posix_spawn` function in
+  more situations, including when *close_fds* is ``True`` (the default)
+  on many modern platforms.
+  This should provide a notable performance increase
+  when launching processes on FreeBSD and Solaris.
+  See the :ref:`subprocess <whatsnew313-subprocess>` section above for details.
   (Contributed by Jakub Kulik in :gh:`113117`.)
 
-* Several standard library modules have had their import times significantly
-  improved. For example, the import time of the :mod:`typing` module has been
-  reduced by around a third by removing dependencies on :mod:`re` and
-  :mod:`contextlib`. Other modules to enjoy import-time speedups include
-  :mod:`importlib.metadata`, :mod:`threading`, :mod:`enum`, :mod:`functools`
-  and :mod:`email.utils`.
-  (Contributed by Alex Waygood, Shantanu Jain, Adam Turner, Daniel Hollas and
-  others in :gh:`109653`.)
 
 Removed Modules And APIs
 ========================
 
-.. _whatsnew313-pep594:
-
-PEP 594: dead batteries (and other module removals)
----------------------------------------------------
-
-* :pep:`594` removed 19 modules from the standard library,
-  deprecated in Python 3.11:
-
-  * :mod:`!aifc`.
-    (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`104773`.)
-
-  * :mod:`!audioop`.
-    (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`104773`.)
-
-  * :mod:`!chunk`.
-    (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`104773`.)
-
-  * :mod:`!cgi` and :mod:`!cgitb`.
-
-    * ``cgi.FieldStorage`` can typically be replaced with
-      :func:`urllib.parse.parse_qsl` for ``GET`` and ``HEAD`` requests,
-      and the :mod:`email.message` module or :pypi:`multipart`
-      PyPI project for ``POST`` and ``PUT``.
-
-    * ``cgi.parse()`` can be replaced by calling :func:`urllib.parse.parse_qs`
-      directly on the desired query string, except for ``multipart/form-data``
-      input, which can be handled as described for ``cgi.parse_multipart()``.
-
-    * ``cgi.parse_header()`` can be replaced with the functionality in the
-      :mod:`email` package, which implements the same MIME RFCs. For example,
-      with :class:`email.message.EmailMessage`::
-
-          from email.message import EmailMessage
-          msg = EmailMessage()
-          msg['content-type'] = 'application/json; charset="utf8"'
-          main, params = msg.get_content_type(), msg['content-type'].params
-
-    * ``cgi.parse_multipart()`` can be replaced with the functionality in the
-      :mod:`email` package (e.g. :class:`email.message.EmailMessage` and
-      :class:`email.message.Message`) which implements the same MIME RFCs, or
-      with the :pypi:`multipart` PyPI project.
-
-    (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`104773`.)
 
-  * :mod:`!crypt` module and its private :mod:`!_crypt` extension.
-    The :mod:`hashlib` module is a potential replacement for certain use cases.
-    Otherwise, the following PyPI projects can be used:
-
-    * :pypi:`bcrypt`:
-      Modern password hashing for your software and your servers.
-    * :pypi:`passlib`:
-      Comprehensive password hashing framework supporting over 30 schemes.
-    * :pypi:`argon2-cffi`:
-      The secure Argon2 password hashing algorithm.
-    * :pypi:`legacycrypt`:
-      :mod:`ctypes` wrapper to the POSIX crypt library call and associated functionality.
-    * :pypi:`crypt_r`:
-      Fork of the :mod:`!crypt` module, wrapper to the :manpage:`crypt_r(3)` library
-      call and associated functionality.
-
-    (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`104773`.)
-
-  * :mod:`!imghdr`: use the projects :pypi:`filetype`,
-    :pypi:`puremagic`, or :pypi:`python-magic` instead.
-    (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`104773`.)
-
-  * :mod:`!mailcap`.
-    The :mod:`mimetypes` module provides an alternative.
-    (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`104773`.)
-
-  * :mod:`!msilib`.
-    (Contributed by Zachary Ware in :gh:`104773`.)
-
-  * :mod:`!nis`.
-    (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`104773`.)
-
-  * :mod:`!nntplib`:
-    the :pypi:`nntplib` PyPI project can be used instead.
-    (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`104773`.)
-
-  * :mod:`!ossaudiodev`: use the
-    `pygame project <https://www.pygame.org/>`_ for audio playback.
-    (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`104780`.)
-
-  * :mod:`!pipes`: use the :mod:`subprocess` module instead.
-    (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`104773`.)
-
-  * :mod:`!sndhdr`: use the projects :pypi:`filetype`,
-    :pypi:`puremagic`, or :pypi:`python-magic` instead.
-    (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`104773`.)
-
-  * :mod:`!spwd`:
-    the :pypi:`python-pam` project can be used instead.
-    (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`104773`.)
+.. _whatsnew313-pep594:
 
-  * :mod:`!sunau`.
-    (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`104773`.)
+PEP 594: Remove "dead batteries" from the standard library
+----------------------------------------------------------
+
+:pep:`594` proposed removing 19 modules from the standard library,
+colloquially referred to as 'dead batteries' due to their
+historic, obsolete, or insecure status.
+All of the following modules were deprecated in Python 3.11,
+and are now removed:
+
+* :mod:`!aifc`
+* :mod:`!audioop`
+* :mod:`!chunk`
+* :mod:`!cgi` and :mod:`!cgitb`
+
+  * :class:`!cgi.FieldStorage` can typically be replaced with
+    :func:`urllib.parse.parse_qsl` for ``GET`` and ``HEAD`` requests,
+    and the :mod:`email.message` module or the :pypi:`multipart` library
+    for ``POST`` and ``PUT`` requests.
+
+  * :func:`!cgi.parse` can be replaced by calling
+    :func:`urllib.parse.parse_qs` directly on the desired query string,
+    unless the input is ``multipart/form-data``,
+    which should be replaced as described below for :func:`!cgi.parse_multipart`.
+
+  * :func:`!cgi.parse_header` can be replaced with the functionality
+    in the :mod:`email` package, which implements the same MIME RFCs.
+    For example, with :class:`email.message.EmailMessage`:
+
+    .. code-block:: python
+
+       from email.message import EmailMessage
+
+       msg = EmailMessage()
+       msg['content-type'] = 'application/json; charset="utf8"'
+       main, params = msg.get_content_type(), msg['content-type'].params
+
+  * :func:`!cgi.parse_multipart` can be replaced with the functionality
+    in the :mod:`email` package, which implements the same MIME RFCs,
+    or with the :pypi:`multipart` library.
+    For example, the :class:`email.message.EmailMessage`
+    and :class:`email.message.Message` classes.
+
+* :mod:`!crypt` and the private :mod:`!_crypt` extension.
+  The :mod:`hashlib` module may be an appropriate replacement
+  when simply hashing a value is required.
+  Otherwise, various third-party libraries on PyPI are available:
+
+  * :pypi:`bcrypt`:
+    Modern password hashing for your software and your servers.
+  * :pypi:`passlib`:
+    Comprehensive password hashing framework supporting over 30 schemes.
+  * :pypi:`argon2-cffi`:
+    The secure Argon2 password hashing algorithm.
+  * :pypi:`legacycrypt`:
+    :mod:`ctypes` wrapper to the POSIX crypt library call
+    and associated functionality.
+  * :pypi:`crypt_r`:
+    Fork of the :mod:`!crypt` module,
+    wrapper to the :manpage:`crypt_r(3)` library call
+    and associated functionality.
+
+* :mod:`!imghdr`:
+  The :pypi:`filetype`, :pypi:`puremagic`, or :pypi:`python-magic` libraries
+  should be used as replacements.
+  For example, the :func:`!puremagic.what` function can be used
+  to replace the :func:`!imghdr.what` function for all file formats
+  that were supported by :mod:`!imghdr`.
+* :mod:`!mailcap`:
+  Use the :mod:`mimetypes` module instead.
+* :mod:`!msilib`
+* :mod:`!nis`
+* :mod:`!nntplib`:
+  Use the :pypi:`pynntp` library from PyPI instead.
+* :mod:`!ossaudiodev`:
+  For audio playback, use the :pypi:`pygame` library from PyPI instead.
+* :mod:`!pipes`:
+  Use the :mod:`subprocess` module instead.
+* :mod:`!sndhdr`:
+  The :pypi:`filetype`, :pypi:`puremagic`, or :pypi:`python-magic` libraries
+  should be used as replacements.
+* :mod:`!spwd`:
+  Use the :pypi:`python-pam` library from PyPI instead.
+* :mod:`!sunau`
+* :mod:`!telnetlib`,
+  Use the :pypi:`telnetlib3` or :pypi:`Exscript` libraries from PyPI instead.
+* :mod:`!uu`:
+  Use the :mod:`base64` module instead, as a modern alternative.
+* :mod:`!xdrlib`
+
+(Contributed by Victor Stinner and Zachary Ware in :gh:`104773` and :gh:`104780`.)
+
+
+2to3
+----
 
-  * :mod:`!telnetlib`, use the projects :pypi:`telnetlib3` or
-    :pypi:`Exscript` instead.
-    (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`104773`.)
+* Remove the :program:`2to3` program and the :mod:`!lib2to3` module,
+  previously deprecated in Python 3.11.
+  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`104780`.)
 
-  * :mod:`!uu`: the :mod:`base64` module is a modern alternative.
-    (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`104773`.)
 
-  * :mod:`!xdrlib`.
-    (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`104773`.)
+builtins
+--------
 
-* Remove the ``2to3`` program and the :mod:`!lib2to3` module,
-  deprecated in Python 3.11.
-  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`104780`.)
+* Remove support for chained :class:`classmethod` descriptors
+  (introduced in :gh:`63272`).
+  These can no longer be used to wrap other descriptors,
+  such as :class:`property`.
+  The core design of this feature was flawed and led to several problems.
+  To "pass-through" a :class:`classmethod`, consider using
+  the :attr:`!__wrapped__` attribute that was added in Python 3.10.
+  (Contributed by Raymond Hettinger in :gh:`89519`.)
+
+* Raise a :exc:`RuntimeError` when calling :meth:`frame.clear`
+  on a suspended frame (as has always been the case for an executing frame).
+  (Contributed by Irit Katriel in :gh:`79932`.)
 
-* Remove the :mod:`!tkinter.tix` module, deprecated in Python 3.6.  The
-  third-party Tix library which the module wrapped is unmaintained.
-  (Contributed by Zachary Ware in :gh:`75552`.)
 
 configparser
 ------------
 
-* Remove the undocumented :class:`!configparser.LegacyInterpolation` class,
+* Remove the undocumented :class:`!LegacyInterpolation` class,
   deprecated in the docstring since Python 3.2,
-  and with a deprecation warning since Python 3.11.
+  and at runtime since Python 3.11.
   (Contributed by Hugo van Kemenade in :gh:`104886`.)
 
-importlib
----------
 
-* Remove deprecated :meth:`~object.__getitem__` access for
-  :class:`!importlib.metadata.EntryPoint` objects.
+importlib.metadata
+------------------
+
+* Remove deprecated subscript (:meth:`~object.__getitem__`) access for
+  :ref:`EntryPoint <entry-points>` objects.
   (Contributed by Jason R. Coombs in :gh:`113175`.)
 
+
 locale
 ------
 
-* Remove ``locale.resetlocale()`` function deprecated in Python 3.11:
-  use ``locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, "")`` instead.
+* Remove the :func:`!locale.resetlocale` function, deprecated in Python 3.11.
+  Use ``locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, "")`` instead.
   (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`104783`.)
 
-logging
--------
 
-* :mod:`logging`: Remove undocumented and untested ``Logger.warn()`` and
-  ``LoggerAdapter.warn()`` methods and ``logging.warn()`` function. Deprecated
-  since Python 3.3, they were aliases to the :meth:`logging.Logger.warning`
-  method, :meth:`!logging.LoggerAdapter.warning` method and
-  :func:`logging.warning` function.
-  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`105376`.)
+opcode
+------
+
+* Move :attr:`!opcode.ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION` to :attr:`!_opcode.ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION`.
+  This field was added in 3.12, it was never documented,
+  and is not intended for external use.
+  (Contributed by Irit Katriel in :gh:`105481`.)
+
+* Remove :func:`!opcode.is_pseudo`, :attr:`!opcode.MIN_PSEUDO_OPCODE`,
+  and :attr:`!opcode.MAX_PSEUDO_OPCODE`, which were added in Python 3.12,
+  but were neither documented nor exposed through :mod:`dis`,
+  and were not intended to be used externally.
+  (Contributed by Irit Katriel in :gh:`105481`.)
+
 
 pathlib
 -------
 
-* Remove support for using :class:`pathlib.Path` objects as context managers.
-  This functionality was deprecated and made a no-op in Python 3.9.
+* Remove the ability to use :class:`~pathlib.Path` objects as context managers.
+  This functionality was deprecated and has had no effect since Python 3.9.
+  (Contributed by Barney Gale in :gh:`83863`.)
+
 
 re
 --
 
-* Remove undocumented, never working, and deprecated ``re.template`` function
-  and ``re.TEMPLATE`` flag (and ``re.T`` alias).
+* Remove the undocumented, deprecated, and broken
+  :func:`!re.template` function and :attr:`!re.TEMPLATE` / :attr:`!re.T` flag.
   (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka and Nikita Sobolev in :gh:`105687`.)
 
 
+tkinter.tix
+-----------
+
+* Remove the :mod:`!tkinter.tix` module, deprecated in Python 3.6.
+  The third-party Tix library which the module wrapped is unmaintained.
+  (Contributed by Zachary Ware in :gh:`75552`.)
+
+
 turtle
 ------
 
-* Remove the :meth:`!turtle.RawTurtle.settiltangle` method,
-  deprecated in docs since Python 3.1
-  and with a deprecation warning since Python 3.11.
+* Remove the :meth:`!RawTurtle.settiltangle` method,
+  deprecated in the documentation since Python 3.1
+  and at runtime since Python 3.11.
   (Contributed by Hugo van Kemenade in :gh:`104876`.)
 
+
 typing
 ------
 
-* Namespaces ``typing.io`` and ``typing.re``, deprecated in Python 3.8,
-  are now removed. The items in those namespaces can be imported directly
-  from :mod:`typing`. (Contributed by Sebastian Rittau in :gh:`92871`.)
+* Remove the :mod:`!typing.io` and :mod:`!typing.re` namespaces,
+  deprecated since Python 3.8.
+  The items in those namespaces can be imported directly
+  from the :mod:`typing` module.
+  (Contributed by Sebastian Rittau in :gh:`92871`.)
 
-* Remove support for the keyword-argument method of creating
-  :class:`typing.TypedDict` types, deprecated in Python 3.11.
+* Remove the keyword-argument method of creating
+  :class:`~typing.TypedDict` types, deprecated in Python 3.11.
   (Contributed by Tomas Roun in :gh:`104786`.)
 
+
 unittest
 --------
 
@@ -1435,771 +1706,785 @@ unittest
 
   Use :class:`~unittest.TestLoader` methods instead:
 
-  * :meth:`unittest.TestLoader.loadTestsFromModule`
-  * :meth:`unittest.TestLoader.loadTestsFromTestCase`
-  * :meth:`unittest.TestLoader.getTestCaseNames`
+  * :meth:`~unittest.TestLoader.loadTestsFromModule`
+  * :meth:`~unittest.TestLoader.loadTestsFromTestCase`
+  * :meth:`~unittest.TestLoader.getTestCaseNames`
 
   (Contributed by Hugo van Kemenade in :gh:`104835`.)
 
-* Remove the untested and undocumented :meth:`!unittest.TestProgram.usageExit`
+* Remove the untested and undocumented :meth:`!TestProgram.usageExit`
   method, deprecated in Python 3.11.
   (Contributed by Hugo van Kemenade in :gh:`104992`.)
 
+
 urllib
 ------
 
-* Remove *cafile*, *capath* and *cadefault* parameters of the
-  :func:`urllib.request.urlopen` function, deprecated in Python 3.6: pass
-  the *context* parameter instead. Use
-  :meth:`ssl.SSLContext.load_cert_chain` to load specific certificates, or
-  let :func:`ssl.create_default_context` select the system's trusted CA
-  certificates for you.
+* Remove the *cafile*, *capath*, and *cadefault* parameters of the
+  :func:`urllib.request.urlopen` function, deprecated in Python 3.6.
+  Use the *context* parameter instead with an :class:`~ssl.SSLContext` instance.
+  The :meth:`ssl.SSLContext.load_cert_chain` function
+  can be used to load specific certificates,
+  or let :func:`ssl.create_default_context` select
+  the operating system's trusted certificate authority (CA) certificates.
   (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`105382`.)
 
+
 webbrowser
 ----------
 
-* Remove the untested and undocumented :mod:`webbrowser` :class:`!MacOSX` class,
+* Remove the untested and undocumented :class:`!MacOSX` class,
   deprecated in Python 3.11.
   Use the :class:`!MacOSXOSAScript` class (introduced in Python 3.2) instead.
   (Contributed by Hugo van Kemenade in :gh:`104804`.)
 
-* Remove deprecated ``webbrowser.MacOSXOSAScript._name`` attribute.
-  Use :attr:`webbrowser.MacOSXOSAScript.name <webbrowser.controller.name>`
+* Remove the deprecated :attr:`!MacOSXOSAScript._name` attribute.
+  Use the :attr:`MacOSXOSAScript.name <webbrowser.controller.name>`
   attribute instead.
   (Contributed by Nikita Sobolev in :gh:`105546`.)
 
+
 New Deprecations
 ================
 
-* Removed chained :class:`classmethod` descriptors (introduced in
-  :gh:`63272`).  This can no longer be used to wrap other descriptors
-  such as :class:`property`.  The core design of this feature was flawed
-  and caused a number of downstream problems.  To "pass-through" a
-  :class:`classmethod`, consider using the :attr:`!__wrapped__`
-  attribute that was added in Python 3.10.  (Contributed by Raymond
-  Hettinger in :gh:`89519`.)
-
-* :mod:`array`: :mod:`array`'s ``'u'`` format code, deprecated in docs since Python 3.3,
-  emits :exc:`DeprecationWarning` since 3.13
-  and will be removed in Python 3.16.
-  Use the ``'w'`` format code instead.
-  (Contributed by Hugo van Kemenade in :gh:`80480`.)
-
-* :mod:`ctypes`: Deprecate undocumented :func:`!ctypes.SetPointerType`
-  and :func:`!ctypes.ARRAY` functions.
-  Replace ``ctypes.ARRAY(item_type, size)`` with ``item_type * size``.
-  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`105733`.)
-
-* :mod:`decimal`: Deprecate non-standard format specifier "N" for
-  :class:`decimal.Decimal`.
-  It was not documented and only supported in the C implementation.
-  (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`89902`.)
-
-* :mod:`dis`: The ``dis.HAVE_ARGUMENT`` separator is deprecated. Check
-  membership in :data:`~dis.hasarg` instead.
-  (Contributed by Irit Katriel in :gh:`109319`.)
-
-* :ref:`frame-objects`:
-  Calling :meth:`frame.clear` on a suspended frame raises :exc:`RuntimeError`
-  (as has always been the case for an executing frame).
-  (Contributed by Irit Katriel in :gh:`79932`.)
+* :ref:`User-defined functions <user-defined-funcs>`:
 
-* :mod:`getopt` and :mod:`optparse` modules: They are now
-  :term:`soft deprecated`: the :mod:`argparse` module should be used for new projects.
-  Previously, the :mod:`optparse` module was already deprecated, its removal
-  was not scheduled, and no warnings was emitted: so there is no change in
-  practice.
-  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`106535`.)
-
-* :mod:`gettext`: Emit deprecation warning for non-integer numbers in
-  :mod:`gettext` functions and methods that consider plural forms even if the
-  translation was not found.
-  (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`88434`.)
-
-* :mod:`glob`: The undocumented :func:`!glob.glob0` and :func:`!glob.glob1`
-  functions are deprecated. Use :func:`glob.glob` and pass a directory to its
-  *root_dir* argument instead.
-  (Contributed by Barney Gale in :gh:`117337`.)
-
-* :mod:`http.server`: :class:`http.server.CGIHTTPRequestHandler` now emits a
-  :exc:`DeprecationWarning` as it will be removed in 3.15.  Process-based CGI
-  HTTP servers have been out of favor for a very long time.  This code was
-  outdated, unmaintained, and rarely used.  It has a high potential for both
-  security and functionality bugs.  This includes removal of the ``--cgi``
-  flag to the ``python -m http.server`` command line in 3.15.
-
-* :mod:`mimetypes`: Passing file path instead of URL in :func:`~mimetypes.guess_type` is
-  :term:`soft deprecated`. Use :func:`~mimetypes.guess_file_type` instead.
-  (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`66543`.)
+  * Deprecate assignment to a function's :attr:`~function.__code__` attribute,
+    where the new code object's type does not match the function's type.
+    The different types are:
+    plain function, generator, async generator, and coroutine.
+    (Contributed by Irit Katriel in :gh:`81137`.)
 
-* :mod:`re`: Passing optional arguments *maxsplit*, *count* and *flags* in module-level
-  functions :func:`re.split`, :func:`re.sub` and :func:`re.subn` as positional
-  arguments is now deprecated. In future Python versions these parameters will be
-  :ref:`keyword-only <keyword-only_parameter>`.
-  (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`56166`.)
+* :mod:`array`:
 
-* :mod:`pathlib`:
-  :meth:`pathlib.PurePath.is_reserved` is deprecated and scheduled for
-  removal in Python 3.15. Use :func:`os.path.isreserved` to detect reserved
-  paths on Windows.
+  * Deprecate the ``'u'`` format code (:c:type:`wchar_t`) at runtime.
+    This format code has been deprecated in documentation since Python 3.3,
+    and will be removed in Python 3.16.
+    Use the ``'w'`` format code (:c:type:`Py_UCS4`)
+    for Unicode characters instead.
+    (Contributed by Hugo van Kemenade in :gh:`80480`.)
 
-* :mod:`platform`:
-  :func:`~platform.java_ver` is deprecated and will be removed in 3.15.
-  It was largely untested, had a confusing API,
-  and was only useful for Jython support.
-  (Contributed by Nikita Sobolev in :gh:`116349`.)
+* :mod:`ctypes`:
+
+  * Deprecate the undocumented :func:`!SetPointerType` function,
+    to be removed in Python 3.15.
+    (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`105733`.)
+
+  * :term:`Soft-deprecate <soft deprecated>` the :func:`~ctypes.ARRAY`
+    function in favour of ``type * length`` multiplication.
+    (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`105733`.)
+
+* :mod:`decimal`:
+
+  * Deprecate the non-standard and undocumented :class:`~decimal.Decimal`
+    format specifier ``'N'``,
+    which is only supported in the :mod:`!decimal` module's C implementation.
+    (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`89902`.)
+
+* :mod:`dis`:
+
+  * Deprecate the :attr:`!HAVE_ARGUMENT` separator.
+    Check membership in :data:`~dis.hasarg` instead.
+    (Contributed by Irit Katriel in :gh:`109319`.)
+
+* :mod:`getopt` and :mod:`optparse`:
+
+  * Both modules are now :term:`soft deprecated`,
+    with :mod:`argparse` preferred for new projects.
+    This is a new soft-deprecation for the :mod:`!getopt` module,
+    whereas the :mod:`!optparse` module was already *de facto* soft deprecated.
+    (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`106535`.)
+
+* :mod:`gettext`:
 
-* :mod:`pydoc`: Deprecate undocumented :func:`!pydoc.ispackage` function.
-  (Contributed by Zackery Spytz in :gh:`64020`.)
+  * Deprecate non-integer numbers as arguments to functions and methods
+    that consider plural forms in the :mod:`!gettext` module,
+    even if no translation was found.
+    (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`88434`.)
 
-* :mod:`sqlite3`: Passing more than one positional argument to
-  :func:`sqlite3.connect` and the :class:`sqlite3.Connection` constructor is
-  deprecated. The remaining parameters will become keyword-only in Python 3.15.
+* :mod:`glob`:
 
-  Deprecate passing name, number of arguments, and the callable as keyword
-  arguments for the following :class:`sqlite3.Connection` APIs:
+  * Deprecate the undocumented :func:`!glob0` and :func:`!glob1` functions.
+    Use :func:`~glob.glob` and pass a :term:`path-like object` specifying
+    the root directory to the *root_dir* parameter instead.
+    (Contributed by Barney Gale in :gh:`117337`.)
 
-  * :meth:`~sqlite3.Connection.create_function`
-  * :meth:`~sqlite3.Connection.create_aggregate`
+* :mod:`http.server`:
 
-  Deprecate passing the callback callable by keyword for the following
-  :class:`sqlite3.Connection` APIs:
+  * Deprecate :class:`~http.server.CGIHTTPRequestHandler`,
+    to be removed in Python 3.15.
+    Process-based CGI HTTP servers have been out of favor for a very long time.
+    This code was outdated, unmaintained, and rarely used.
+    It has a high potential for both security and functionality bugs.
+    (Contributed by Gregory P. Smith in :gh:`109096`.)
 
-  * :meth:`~sqlite3.Connection.set_authorizer`
-  * :meth:`~sqlite3.Connection.set_progress_handler`
-  * :meth:`~sqlite3.Connection.set_trace_callback`
+  * Deprecate the :option:`!--cgi` flag to
+    the :program:`python -m http.server` command-line interface,
+    to be removed in Python 3.15.
+    (Contributed by Gregory P. Smith in :gh:`109096`.)
 
-  The affected parameters will become positional-only in Python 3.15.
+* :mod:`mimetypes`:
 
-  (Contributed by Erlend E. Aasland in :gh:`107948` and :gh:`108278`.)
+  * :term:`Soft-deprecate <soft deprecated>` file path arguments
+    to :func:`~mimetypes.guess_type`,
+    use :func:`~mimetypes.guess_file_type` instead.
+    (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`66543`.)
 
-* :mod:`sys`: :func:`sys._enablelegacywindowsfsencoding` function.
-  Replace it with the :envvar:`PYTHONLEGACYWINDOWSFSENCODING` environment variable.
-  (Contributed by Inada Naoki in :gh:`73427`.)
+* :mod:`re`:
+
+  * Deprecate passing the optional *maxsplit*, *count*, or *flags* arguments
+    as positional arguments to the module-level
+    :func:`~re.split`, :func:`~re.sub`, and :func:`~re.subn` functions.
+    These parameters will become :ref:`keyword-only <keyword-only_parameter>`
+    in a future version of Python.
+    (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`56166`.)
+
+* :mod:`pathlib`:
+
+  * Deprecate :meth:`.PurePath.is_reserved`,
+    to be removed in Python 3.15.
+    Use :func:`os.path.isreserved` to detect reserved paths on Windows.
+    (Contributed by Barney Gale in :gh:`88569`.)
+
+* :mod:`platform`:
+
+  * Deprecate :func:`~platform.java_ver`,
+    to be removed in Python 3.15.
+    This function is only useful for Jython support, has a confusing API,
+    and is largely untested.
+    (Contributed by Nikita Sobolev in :gh:`116349`.)
+
+* :mod:`pydoc`:
+
+  * Deprecate the undocumented :func:`!ispackage` function.
+    (Contributed by Zackery Spytz in :gh:`64020`.)
+
+* :mod:`sqlite3`:
+
+  * Deprecate passing more than one positional argument to
+    the :func:`~sqlite3.connect` function
+    and the :class:`~sqlite3.Connection` constructor.
+    The remaining parameters will become keyword-only in Python 3.15.
+    (Contributed by Erlend E. Aasland in :gh:`107948`.)
+
+  * Deprecate passing name, number of arguments, and the callable as keyword
+    arguments for :meth:`.Connection.create_function`
+    and :meth:`.Connection.create_aggregate`
+    These parameters will become positional-only in Python 3.15.
+    (Contributed by Erlend E. Aasland in :gh:`108278`.)
+
+  * Deprecate passing the callback callable by keyword for the
+    :meth:`~sqlite3.Connection.set_authorizer`,
+    :meth:`~sqlite3.Connection.set_progress_handler`, and
+    :meth:`~sqlite3.Connection.set_trace_callback`
+    :class:`~sqlite3.Connection` methods.
+    The callback callables will become positional-only in Python 3.15.
+    (Contributed by Erlend E. Aasland in :gh:`108278`.)
+
+* :mod:`sys`:
+
+  * Deprecate the :func:`~sys._enablelegacywindowsfsencoding` function,
+    to be removed in Python 3.16.
+    Use the :envvar:`PYTHONLEGACYWINDOWSFSENCODING` environment variable instead.
+    (Contributed by Inada Naoki in :gh:`73427`.)
 
 * :mod:`tarfile`:
-  The undocumented and unused ``tarfile`` attribute of :class:`tarfile.TarFile`
-  is deprecated and scheduled for removal in Python 3.16.
 
-* :mod:`traceback`: The field *exc_type* of :class:`traceback.TracebackException`
-  is deprecated. Use *exc_type_str* instead.
+  * Deprecate the undocumented and unused :attr:`!TarFile.tarfile` attribute,
+    to be removed in Python 3.16.
+    (Contributed in :gh:`115256`.)
+
+* :mod:`traceback`:
+
+  * Deprecate the :attr:`.TracebackException.exc_type` attribute.
+    Use :attr:`.TracebackException.exc_type_str` instead.
+    (Contributed by Irit Katriel in :gh:`112332`.)
 
 * :mod:`typing`:
 
-  * Creating a :class:`typing.NamedTuple` class using keyword arguments to denote
-    the fields (``NT = NamedTuple("NT", x=int, y=int)``) is deprecated, and will
-    be disallowed in Python 3.15. Use the class-based syntax or the functional
-    syntax instead. (Contributed by Alex Waygood in :gh:`105566`.)
-
-  * When using the functional syntax to create a :class:`typing.NamedTuple`
-    class or a :class:`typing.TypedDict` class, failing to pass a value to the
-    'fields' parameter (``NT = NamedTuple("NT")`` or ``TD = TypedDict("TD")``) is
-    deprecated. Passing ``None`` to the 'fields' parameter
-    (``NT = NamedTuple("NT", None)`` or ``TD = TypedDict("TD", None)``) is also
-    deprecated. Both will be disallowed in Python 3.15. To create a NamedTuple
-    class with 0 fields, use ``class NT(NamedTuple): pass`` or
-    ``NT = NamedTuple("NT", [])``. To create a TypedDict class with 0 fields, use
-    ``class TD(TypedDict): pass`` or ``TD = TypedDict("TD", {})``.
+  * Deprecate the undocumented keyword argument syntax for creating
+    :class:`~typing.NamedTuple` classes
+    (e.g. ``Point = NamedTuple("Point", x=int, y=int)``),
+    to be removed in Python 3.15.
+    Use the class-based syntax or the functional syntax instead.
+    (Contributed by Alex Waygood in :gh:`105566`.)
+
+  * Deprecate omitting the *fields* parameter when creating
+    a :class:`~typing.NamedTuple` or :class:`typing.TypedDict` class,
+    and deprecate passing ``None`` to the *fields* parameter of both types.
+    Python 3.15 will require a valid sequence for the *fields* parameter.
+    To create a NamedTuple class with zero fields,
+    use ``class NT(NamedTuple): pass`` or ``NT = NamedTuple("NT", ())``.
+    To create a TypedDict class with zero fields,
+    use ``class TD(TypedDict): pass`` or ``TD = TypedDict("TD", {})``.
     (Contributed by Alex Waygood in :gh:`105566` and :gh:`105570`.)
 
-  * :func:`typing.no_type_check_decorator` is deprecated, and scheduled for
-    removal in Python 3.15. After eight years in the :mod:`typing` module, it
-    has yet to be supported by any major type checkers.
+  * Deprecate the :func:`typing.no_type_check_decorator` decorator function,
+    to be removed in in Python 3.15.
+    After eight years in the :mod:`typing` module,
+    it has yet to be supported by any major type checker.
     (Contributed by Alex Waygood in :gh:`106309`.)
 
-  * :data:`typing.AnyStr` is deprecated. In Python 3.16, it will be removed from
-    ``typing.__all__``, and a :exc:`DeprecationWarning` will be emitted when it
-    is imported or accessed. It will be removed entirely in Python 3.18. Use
-    the new :ref:`type parameter syntax <type-params>` instead.
+  * Deprecate :data:`typing.AnyStr`.
+    In Python 3.16, it will be removed from ``typing.__all__``,
+    and a :exc:`DeprecationWarning` will be emitted at runtime
+    when it is imported or accessed.
+    It will be removed entirely in Python 3.18.
+    Use the new :ref:`type parameter syntax <type-params>` instead.
     (Contributed by Michael The in :gh:`107116`.)
 
-* :ref:`user-defined-funcs`:
-  Assignment to a function's :attr:`~function.__code__` attribute where the new code
-  object's type does not match the function's type, is deprecated. The
-  different types are: plain function, generator, async generator and
-  coroutine.
-  (Contributed by Irit Katriel in :gh:`81137`.)
+* :mod:`wave`:
 
-* :mod:`wave`: Deprecate the ``getmark()``, ``setmark()`` and ``getmarkers()``
-  methods of the :class:`wave.Wave_read` and :class:`wave.Wave_write` classes.
-  They will be removed in Python 3.15.
-  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`105096`.)
+  * Deprecate the :meth:`~wave.Wave_read.getmark`, :meth:`!setmark`,
+    and :meth:`~wave.Wave_read.getmarkers` methods of
+    the :class:`~wave.Wave_read` and :class:`~wave.Wave_write` classes,
+    to be removed in Python 3.15.
+    (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`105096`.)
 
 .. Add deprecations above alphabetically, not here at the end.
 
-Pending Removal in Python 3.14
-------------------------------
+.. include:: ../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst
 
-* :mod:`argparse`: The *type*, *choices*, and *metavar* parameters
-  of :class:`!argparse.BooleanOptionalAction` are deprecated
-  and will be removed in 3.14.
-  (Contributed by Nikita Sobolev in :gh:`92248`.)
+.. include:: ../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst
 
-* :mod:`ast`: The following features have been deprecated in documentation
-  since Python 3.8, now cause a :exc:`DeprecationWarning` to be emitted at
-  runtime when they are accessed or used, and will be removed in Python 3.14:
+.. include:: ../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.rst
 
-  * :class:`!ast.Num`
-  * :class:`!ast.Str`
-  * :class:`!ast.Bytes`
-  * :class:`!ast.NameConstant`
-  * :class:`!ast.Ellipsis`
+.. include:: ../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst
 
-  Use :class:`ast.Constant` instead.
-  (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`90953`.)
+CPython Bytecode Changes
+========================
 
-* :mod:`collections.abc`: Deprecated :class:`!collections.abc.ByteString`.
-  Prefer :class:`!Sequence` or :class:`~collections.abc.Buffer`.
-  For use in typing, prefer a union, like ``bytes | bytearray``,
-  or :class:`collections.abc.Buffer`.
-  (Contributed by Shantanu Jain in :gh:`91896`.)
+* The oparg of :opcode:`YIELD_VALUE` is now
+  ``1`` if the yield is part of a yield-from or await, and ``0`` otherwise.
+  The oparg of :opcode:`RESUME` was changed to add a bit indicating
+  if the except-depth is 1, which is needed to optimize closing of generators.
+  (Contributed by Irit Katriel in :gh:`111354`.)
 
-* :mod:`email`: Deprecated the *isdst* parameter in :func:`email.utils.localtime`.
-  (Contributed by Alan Williams in :gh:`72346`.)
 
-* :mod:`importlib`: ``__package__`` and ``__cached__`` will cease to be set or
-  taken into consideration by the import system (:gh:`97879`).
+C API Changes
+=============
 
-* :mod:`importlib.abc` deprecated classes:
+New Features
+------------
 
-  * :class:`!importlib.abc.ResourceReader`
-  * :class:`!importlib.abc.Traversable`
-  * :class:`!importlib.abc.TraversableResources`
+* Add the :ref:`PyMonitoring C API <c-api-monitoring>`
+  for generating :pep:`669` monitoring events:
+
+  * :c:type:`PyMonitoringState`
+  * :c:func:`PyMonitoring_FirePyStartEvent`
+  * :c:func:`PyMonitoring_FirePyResumeEvent`
+  * :c:func:`PyMonitoring_FirePyReturnEvent`
+  * :c:func:`PyMonitoring_FirePyYieldEvent`
+  * :c:func:`PyMonitoring_FireCallEvent`
+  * :c:func:`PyMonitoring_FireLineEvent`
+  * :c:func:`PyMonitoring_FireJumpEvent`
+  * :c:func:`PyMonitoring_FireBranchEvent`
+  * :c:func:`PyMonitoring_FireCReturnEvent`
+  * :c:func:`PyMonitoring_FirePyThrowEvent`
+  * :c:func:`PyMonitoring_FireRaiseEvent`
+  * :c:func:`PyMonitoring_FireCRaiseEvent`
+  * :c:func:`PyMonitoring_FireReraiseEvent`
+  * :c:func:`PyMonitoring_FireExceptionHandledEvent`
+  * :c:func:`PyMonitoring_FirePyUnwindEvent`
+  * :c:func:`PyMonitoring_FireStopIterationEvent`
+  * :c:func:`PyMonitoring_EnterScope`
+  * :c:func:`PyMonitoring_ExitScope`
+
+  (Contributed by Irit Katriel in :gh:`111997`).
+
+* Add :c:type:`PyMutex`, a lightweight mutex that occupies a single byte,
+  and the new :c:func:`PyMutex_Lock` and :c:func:`PyMutex_Unlock` functions.
+  :c:func:`!PyMutex_Lock` will release the :term:`GIL` (if currently held)
+  if the operation needs to block.
+  (Contributed by Sam Gross in :gh:`108724`.)
+
+* Add the :ref:`PyTime C API <c-api-time>` to provide access to system clocks:
+
+  * :c:type:`PyTime_t`.
+  * :c:var:`PyTime_MIN` and :c:var:`PyTime_MAX`.
+  * :c:func:`PyTime_AsSecondsDouble`.
+  * :c:func:`PyTime_Monotonic`.
+  * :c:func:`PyTime_MonotonicRaw`.
+  * :c:func:`PyTime_PerfCounter`.
+  * :c:func:`PyTime_PerfCounterRaw`.
+  * :c:func:`PyTime_Time`.
+  * :c:func:`PyTime_TimeRaw`.
 
-  Use :mod:`importlib.resources.abc` classes instead:
+  (Contributed by Victor Stinner and Petr Viktorin in :gh:`110850`.)
 
-  * :class:`importlib.resources.abc.Traversable`
-  * :class:`importlib.resources.abc.TraversableResources`
+* Add the :c:func:`PyDict_ContainsString` function
+  with the same behavior as :c:func:`PyDict_Contains`,
+  but *key* is specified as a :c:expr:`const char*` UTF-8 encoded bytes string,
+  rather than a :c:expr:`PyObject*`.
+  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`108314`.)
 
-  (Contributed by Jason R. Coombs and Hugo van Kemenade in :gh:`93963`.)
+* Add the :c:func:`PyDict_GetItemRef` and :c:func:`PyDict_GetItemStringRef`
+  functions,
+  which behave similarly to :c:func:`PyDict_GetItemWithError`,
+  but return a  :term:`strong reference` instead of a :term:`borrowed reference`.
+  Moreover, these functions return ``-1`` on error,
+  removing the need to check :c:func:`!PyErr_Occurred`.
+  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`106004`.)
 
-* :mod:`itertools` had undocumented, inefficient, historically buggy,
-  and inconsistent support for copy, deepcopy, and pickle operations.
-  This will be removed in 3.14 for a significant reduction in code
-  volume and maintenance burden.
-  (Contributed by Raymond Hettinger in :gh:`101588`.)
+* Add the :c:func:`PyDict_SetDefaultRef` function,
+  which behaves similarly to :c:func:`PyDict_SetDefault`,
+  but returns a :term:`strong reference` instead of a :term:`borrowed reference`.
+  This function returns ``-1`` on error,
+  ``0`` on insertion,
+  and ``1`` if the key was already present in the dictionary.
+  (Contributed by Sam Gross in :gh:`112066`.)
 
-* :mod:`multiprocessing`: The default start method will change to a safer one on
-  Linux, BSDs, and other non-macOS POSIX platforms where ``'fork'`` is currently
-  the default (:gh:`84559`). Adding a runtime warning about this was deemed too
-  disruptive as the majority of code is not expected to care. Use the
-  :func:`~multiprocessing.get_context` or
-  :func:`~multiprocessing.set_start_method` APIs to explicitly specify when
-  your code *requires* ``'fork'``.  See :ref:`multiprocessing-start-methods`.
+* Add the :c:func:`PyDict_Pop` and :c:func:`PyDict_PopString` functions
+  to remove a key from a dictionary and optionally return the removed value.
+  This is similar to :meth:`dict.pop`,
+  though there is no default value,
+  and :exc:`KeyError` is not raised for missing keys.
+  (Contributed by Stefan Behnel and Victor Stinner in :gh:`111262`.)
 
-* :mod:`pathlib`: :meth:`~pathlib.PurePath.is_relative_to` and
-  :meth:`~pathlib.PurePath.relative_to`: passing additional arguments is
-  deprecated.
+* Add the :c:func:`PyMapping_GetOptionalItem`
+  and :c:func:`PyMapping_GetOptionalItemString` functions
+  as alternatives to :c:func:`PyObject_GetItem`
+  and :c:func:`PyMapping_GetItemString` respectively.
+  The new functions do not raise :exc:`KeyError`
+  if the requested key is missing from the mapping.
+  These variants are more convenient and faster
+  if a missing key should not be treated as a failure.
+  (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`106307`.)
 
-* :mod:`pkgutil`: :func:`~pkgutil.find_loader` and :func:`~pkgutil.get_loader`
-  now raise :exc:`DeprecationWarning`;
-  use :func:`importlib.util.find_spec` instead.
-  (Contributed by Nikita Sobolev in :gh:`97850`.)
+* Add the :c:func:`PyObject_GetOptionalAttr`
+  and :c:func:`PyObject_GetOptionalAttrString` functions
+  as alternatives to  :c:func:`PyObject_GetAttr`
+  and :c:func:`PyObject_GetAttrString` respectively.
+  The new functions do not raise :exc:`AttributeError`
+  if the requested attribute is not found on the object.
+  These variants are more convenient and faster
+  if the missing attribute should not be treated as a failure.
+  (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`106521`.)
 
-* :mod:`pty`:
+* Add the :c:func:`PyErr_FormatUnraisable` function
+  as an extension to :c:func:`PyErr_WriteUnraisable`
+  that allows customizing the warning message.
+  (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`108082`.)
 
-  * ``master_open()``: use :func:`pty.openpty`.
-  * ``slave_open()``: use :func:`pty.openpty`.
+* Add new functions that return a :term:`strong reference` instead of
+  a :term:`borrowed reference` for frame locals, globals, and builtins,
+  as part of :ref:`PEP 667 <whatsnew313-locals-semantics>`:
 
-* :mod:`sqlite3`:
+  * :c:func:`PyEval_GetFrameBuiltins` replaces :c:func:`PyEval_GetBuiltins`
+  * :c:func:`PyEval_GetFrameGlobals` replaces :c:func:`PyEval_GetGlobals`
+  * :c:func:`PyEval_GetFrameLocals` replaces :c:func:`PyEval_GetLocals`
 
-  * :data:`!version` and :data:`!version_info`.
+  (Contributed by Mark Shannon and Tian Gao in :gh:`74929`.)
 
-  * :meth:`~sqlite3.Cursor.execute` and :meth:`~sqlite3.Cursor.executemany`
-    if :ref:`named placeholders <sqlite3-placeholders>` are used and
-    *parameters* is a sequence instead of a :class:`dict`.
+* Add the :c:func:`Py_GetConstant` and :c:func:`Py_GetConstantBorrowed`
+  functions to get :term:`strong <strong reference>`
+  or :term:`borrowed <borrowed reference>` references to constants.
+  For example, ``Py_GetConstant(Py_CONSTANT_ZERO)`` returns a strong reference
+  to the constant zero.
+  (Contributed by Victor  Stinner in :gh:`115754`.)
 
-  * date and datetime adapter, date and timestamp converter:
-    see the :mod:`sqlite3` documentation for suggested replacement recipes.
+* Add the :c:func:`PyImport_AddModuleRef` function
+  as a replacement for :c:func:`PyImport_AddModule`
+  that returns a :term:`strong reference` instead of a :term:`borrowed reference`.
+  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`105922`.)
 
-* :class:`types.CodeType`: Accessing :attr:`~codeobject.co_lnotab` was
-  deprecated in :pep:`626`
-  since 3.10 and was planned to be removed in 3.12,
-  but it only got a proper :exc:`DeprecationWarning` in 3.12.
-  May be removed in 3.14.
-  (Contributed by Nikita Sobolev in :gh:`101866`.)
+* Add the :c:func:`Py_IsFinalizing` function to check
+  whether the main Python interpreter is
+  :term:`shutting down <interpreter shutdown>`.
+  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`108014`.)
 
-* :mod:`typing`: :class:`!typing.ByteString`, deprecated since Python 3.9,
-  now causes a :exc:`DeprecationWarning` to be emitted when it is used.
+* Add the :c:func:`PyList_GetItemRef` function
+  as a replacement for :c:func:`PyList_GetItem`
+  that returns a :term:`strong reference` instead of a :term:`borrowed reference`.
+  (Contributed by Sam Gross in :gh:`114329`.)
 
-* :mod:`urllib`:
-  :class:`!urllib.parse.Quoter` is deprecated: it was not intended to be a
-  public API.
-  (Contributed by Gregory P. Smith in :gh:`88168`.)
+* Add the :c:func:`PyList_Extend` and :c:func:`PyList_Clear` functions,
+  mirroring the Python :meth:`!list.extend` and :meth:`!list.clear` methods.
+  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`111138`.)
 
-Pending Removal in Python 3.15
-------------------------------
+* Add the :c:func:`PyLong_AsInt` function.
+  It behaves similarly to :c:func:`PyLong_AsLong`,
+  but stores the result in a C :c:expr:`int` instead of a C :c:expr:`long`.
+  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`108014`.)
 
-* :class:`http.server.CGIHTTPRequestHandler` will be removed along with its
-  related ``--cgi`` flag to ``python -m http.server``.  It was obsolete and
-  rarely used.  No direct replacement exists.  *Anything* is better than CGI
-  to interface a web server with a request handler.
+* Add the :c:func:`PyLong_AsNativeBytes`, :c:func:`PyLong_FromNativeBytes`,
+  and :c:func:`PyLong_FromUnsignedNativeBytes` functions
+  to simplify converting between native integer types
+  and Python :class:`int` objects.
+  (Contributed by Steve Dower in :gh:`111140`.)
 
-* :class:`locale`: :func:`locale.getdefaultlocale` was deprecated in Python 3.11
-  and originally planned for removal in Python 3.13 (:gh:`90817`),
-  but removal has been postponed to Python 3.15.
-  Use :func:`locale.setlocale()`, :func:`locale.getencoding()` and
-  :func:`locale.getlocale()` instead.
-  (Contributed by Hugo van Kemenade in :gh:`111187`.)
+* Add :c:func:`PyModule_Add` function, which is similar to
+  :c:func:`PyModule_AddObjectRef` and :c:func:`PyModule_AddObject`,
+  but always steals a reference to the value.
+  (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`86493`.)
 
-* :mod:`pathlib`:
-  :meth:`pathlib.PurePath.is_reserved` is deprecated and scheduled for
-  removal in Python 3.15. Use :func:`os.path.isreserved` to detect reserved
-  paths on Windows.
+* Add the :c:func:`PyObject_GenericHash` function
+  that implements the default hashing function of a Python object.
+  (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`113024`.)
 
-* :mod:`platform`:
-  :func:`~platform.java_ver` is deprecated and will be removed in 3.15.
-  It was largely untested, had a confusing API,
-  and was only useful for Jython support.
-  (Contributed by Nikita Sobolev in :gh:`116349`.)
-
-* :mod:`threading`:
-  Passing any arguments to :func:`threading.RLock` is now deprecated.
-  C version allows any numbers of args and kwargs,
-  but they are just ignored. Python version does not allow any arguments.
-  All arguments will be removed from :func:`threading.RLock` in Python 3.15.
-  (Contributed by Nikita Sobolev in :gh:`102029`.)
-
-* :class:`typing.NamedTuple`:
-
-  * The undocumented keyword argument syntax for creating :class:`!NamedTuple` classes
-    (``NT = NamedTuple("NT", x=int)``) is deprecated, and will be disallowed in
-    3.15. Use the class-based syntax or the functional syntax instead.
-
-  * When using the functional syntax to create a :class:`!NamedTuple` class, failing to
-    pass a value to the *fields* parameter (``NT = NamedTuple("NT")``) is
-    deprecated. Passing ``None`` to the *fields* parameter
-    (``NT = NamedTuple("NT", None)``) is also deprecated. Both will be
-    disallowed in Python 3.15. To create a :class:`!NamedTuple` class with 0 fields, use
-    ``class NT(NamedTuple): pass`` or ``NT = NamedTuple("NT", [])``.
-
-* :class:`typing.TypedDict`: When using the functional syntax to create a
-  :class:`!TypedDict` class, failing to pass a value to the *fields* parameter (``TD =
-  TypedDict("TD")``) is deprecated. Passing ``None`` to the *fields* parameter
-  (``TD = TypedDict("TD", None)``) is also deprecated. Both will be disallowed
-  in Python 3.15. To create a :class:`!TypedDict` class with 0 fields, use ``class
-  TD(TypedDict): pass`` or ``TD = TypedDict("TD", {})``.
-
-* :mod:`wave`: Deprecate the ``getmark()``, ``setmark()`` and ``getmarkers()``
-  methods of the :class:`wave.Wave_read` and :class:`wave.Wave_write` classes.
-  They will be removed in Python 3.15.
-  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`105096`.)
-
-Pending Removal in Python 3.16
-------------------------------
-
-* :class:`array.array` ``'u'`` type (:c:type:`wchar_t`):
-  use the ``'w'`` type instead (``Py_UCS4``).
-
-Pending Removal in Future Versions
-----------------------------------
-
-The following APIs were deprecated in earlier Python versions and will be removed,
-although there is currently no date scheduled for their removal.
-
-* :mod:`argparse`: Nesting argument groups and nesting mutually exclusive
-  groups are deprecated.
-
-* :mod:`builtins`:
-
-  * ``~bool``, bitwise inversion on bool.
-  * ``bool(NotImplemented)``.
-  * Generators: ``throw(type, exc, tb)`` and ``athrow(type, exc, tb)``
-    signature is deprecated: use ``throw(exc)`` and ``athrow(exc)`` instead,
-    the single argument signature.
-  * Currently Python accepts numeric literals immediately followed by keywords,
-    for example ``0in x``, ``1or x``, ``0if 1else 2``.  It allows confusing and
-    ambiguous expressions like ``[0x1for x in y]`` (which can be interpreted as
-    ``[0x1 for x in y]`` or ``[0x1f or x in y]``).  A syntax warning is raised
-    if the numeric literal is immediately followed by one of keywords
-    :keyword:`and`, :keyword:`else`, :keyword:`for`, :keyword:`if`,
-    :keyword:`in`, :keyword:`is` and :keyword:`or`.  In a future release it
-    will be changed to a syntax error. (:gh:`87999`)
-  * Support for ``__index__()`` and ``__int__()`` method returning non-int type:
-    these methods will be required to return an instance of a strict subclass of
-    :class:`int`.
-  * Support for ``__float__()`` method returning a strict subclass of
-    :class:`float`: these methods will be required to return an instance of
-    :class:`float`.
-  * Support for ``__complex__()`` method returning a strict subclass of
-    :class:`complex`: these methods will be required to return an instance of
-    :class:`complex`.
-  * Delegation of ``int()`` to ``__trunc__()`` method.
-
-* :mod:`calendar`: ``calendar.January`` and ``calendar.February`` constants are
-  deprecated and replaced by :data:`calendar.JANUARY` and
-  :data:`calendar.FEBRUARY`.
-  (Contributed by Prince Roshan in :gh:`103636`.)
-
-* :attr:`codeobject.co_lnotab`: use the :meth:`codeobject.co_lines` method
-  instead.
-
-* :mod:`datetime`:
-
-  * :meth:`~datetime.datetime.utcnow`:
-    use ``datetime.datetime.now(tz=datetime.UTC)``.
-  * :meth:`~datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp`:
-    use ``datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(timestamp, tz=datetime.UTC)``.
-
-* :mod:`gettext`: Plural value must be an integer.
-
-* :mod:`importlib`:
-
-  * ``load_module()`` method: use ``exec_module()`` instead.
-  * :func:`~importlib.util.cache_from_source` *debug_override* parameter is
-    deprecated: use the *optimization* parameter instead.
-
-* :mod:`importlib.metadata`:
-
-  * ``EntryPoints`` tuple interface.
-  * Implicit ``None`` on return values.
-
-* :mod:`mailbox`: Use of StringIO input and text mode is deprecated, use
-  BytesIO and binary mode instead.
-
-* :mod:`os`: Calling :func:`os.register_at_fork` in multi-threaded process.
-
-* :class:`!pydoc.ErrorDuringImport`: A tuple value for *exc_info* parameter is
-  deprecated, use an exception instance.
-
-* :mod:`re`: More strict rules are now applied for numerical group references
-  and group names in regular expressions.  Only sequence of ASCII digits is now
-  accepted as a numerical reference.  The group name in bytes patterns and
-  replacement strings can now only contain ASCII letters and digits and
-  underscore.
-  (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`91760`.)
-
-* :mod:`!sre_compile`, :mod:`!sre_constants` and :mod:`!sre_parse` modules.
-
-* :mod:`shutil`: :func:`~shutil.rmtree`'s *onerror* parameter is deprecated in
-  Python 3.12; use the *onexc* parameter instead.
-
-* :mod:`ssl` options and protocols:
-
-  * :class:`ssl.SSLContext` without protocol argument is deprecated.
-  * :class:`ssl.SSLContext`: :meth:`~ssl.SSLContext.set_npn_protocols` and
-    :meth:`!selected_npn_protocol` are deprecated: use ALPN
-    instead.
-  * ``ssl.OP_NO_SSL*`` options
-  * ``ssl.OP_NO_TLS*`` options
-  * ``ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv3``
-  * ``ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS``
-  * ``ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1``
-  * ``ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_1``
-  * ``ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2``
-  * ``ssl.TLSVersion.SSLv3``
-  * ``ssl.TLSVersion.TLSv1``
-  * ``ssl.TLSVersion.TLSv1_1``
-
-* :func:`sysconfig.is_python_build` *check_home* parameter is deprecated and
-  ignored.
-
-* :mod:`threading` methods:
-
-  * :meth:`!threading.Condition.notifyAll`: use :meth:`~threading.Condition.notify_all`.
-  * :meth:`!threading.Event.isSet`: use :meth:`~threading.Event.is_set`.
-  * :meth:`!threading.Thread.isDaemon`, :meth:`threading.Thread.setDaemon`:
-    use :attr:`threading.Thread.daemon` attribute.
-  * :meth:`!threading.Thread.getName`, :meth:`threading.Thread.setName`:
-    use :attr:`threading.Thread.name` attribute.
-  * :meth:`!threading.currentThread`: use :meth:`threading.current_thread`.
-  * :meth:`!threading.activeCount`: use :meth:`threading.active_count`.
-
-* :class:`typing.Text` (:gh:`92332`).
-
-* :class:`unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase`: it is deprecated to return a value
-  that is not ``None`` from a test case.
-
-* :mod:`urllib.parse` deprecated functions: :func:`~urllib.parse.urlparse` instead
-
-  * ``splitattr()``
-  * ``splithost()``
-  * ``splitnport()``
-  * ``splitpasswd()``
-  * ``splitport()``
-  * ``splitquery()``
-  * ``splittag()``
-  * ``splittype()``
-  * ``splituser()``
-  * ``splitvalue()``
-  * ``to_bytes()``
+* Add the :c:func:`Py_HashPointer` function to hash a raw pointer.
+  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`111545`.)
 
-* :mod:`urllib.request`: :class:`~urllib.request.URLopener` and
-  :class:`~urllib.request.FancyURLopener` style of invoking requests is
-  deprecated. Use newer :func:`~urllib.request.urlopen` functions and methods.
+* Add the :c:func:`PyObject_VisitManagedDict` and
+  :c:func:`PyObject_ClearManagedDict` functions.
+  which must be called by the traverse and clear functions of a type using
+  the :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT` flag.
+  The `pythoncapi-compat project`_ can be used to
+  use these functions with Python 3.11 and 3.12.
+  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`107073`.)
 
-* :mod:`wsgiref`: ``SimpleHandler.stdout.write()`` should not do partial
-  writes.
+* Add the :c:func:`PyRefTracer_SetTracer`
+  and :c:func:`PyRefTracer_GetTracer` functions,
+  which enable tracking object creation and destruction
+  in the same way that the :mod:`tracemalloc` module does.
+  (Contributed by Pablo Galindo in :gh:`93502`.)
 
-* :mod:`xml.etree.ElementTree`: Testing the truth value of an
-  :class:`~xml.etree.ElementTree.Element` is deprecated. In a future release it
-  it will always return ``True``. Prefer explicit ``len(elem)`` or
-  ``elem is not None`` tests instead.
+* Add the :c:func:`PySys_AuditTuple` function
+  as an alternative to :c:func:`PySys_Audit`
+  that takes event arguments as a Python :class:`tuple` object.
+  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`85283`.)
 
-* :meth:`zipimport.zipimporter.load_module` is deprecated:
-  use :meth:`~zipimport.zipimporter.exec_module` instead.
+* Add the :c:func:`PyThreadState_GetUnchecked()` function
+  as an alternative to :c:func:`PyThreadState_Get()`
+  that doesn't kill the process with a fatal error if it is ``NULL``.
+  The caller is responsible for checking if the result is ``NULL``.
+  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`108867`.)
 
+* Add the :c:func:`PyType_GetFullyQualifiedName` function
+  to get the type's fully qualified name.
+  The module name is prepended if :attr:`type.__module__` is
+  a string and is not equal to either ``'builtins'`` or ``'__main__'``.
+  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`111696`.)
 
-CPython Bytecode Changes
-========================
+* Add the :c:func:`PyType_GetModuleName` function
+  to get the type's module name. This is equivalent to getting the
+  :attr:`type.__module__` attribute.
+  (Contributed by Eric Snow and Victor Stinner in :gh:`111696`.)
 
-* The oparg of ``YIELD_VALUE`` is now ``1`` if the yield is part of a
-  yield-from or await, and ``0`` otherwise. The oparg of ``RESUME`` was
-  changed to add a bit indicating whether the except-depth is 1, which
-  is needed to optimize closing of generators.
-  (Contributed by Irit Katriel in :gh:`111354`.)
+* Add the :c:func:`PyUnicode_EqualToUTF8AndSize`
+  and :c:func:`PyUnicode_EqualToUTF8` functions
+  to compare a Unicode object with a :c:expr:`const char*` UTF-8 encoded string
+  and ``1`` if they are equal or ``0`` otherwise.
+  These functions do not raise exceptions.
+  (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`110289`.)
+
+* Add the :c:func:`PyWeakref_GetRef` function
+  as an alternative to  :c:func:`PyWeakref_GetObject`
+  that returns a :term:`strong reference`
+  or ``NULL`` if the referent is no longer live.
+  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`105927`.)
 
+* Add fixed variants of functions which silently ignore errors:
 
-C API Changes
-=============
+  * :c:func:`PyObject_HasAttrWithError` replaces :c:func:`PyObject_HasAttr`.
+  * :c:func:`PyObject_HasAttrStringWithError`
+    replaces :c:func:`PyObject_HasAttrString`.
+  * :c:func:`PyMapping_HasKeyWithError` replaces :c:func:`PyMapping_HasKey`.
+  * :c:func:`PyMapping_HasKeyStringWithError`
+    replaces :c:func:`PyMapping_HasKeyString`.
 
-New Features
-------------
+  The new functions return ``-1`` for errors
+  and the standard ``1`` for true and ``0`` for false.
+
+  (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`108511`.)
+
+
+Changed C APIs
+--------------
+
+* The *keywords* parameter of :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords`
+  and :c:func:`PyArg_VaParseTupleAndKeywords`
+  now has type :c:expr:`char * const *` in C
+  and :c:expr:`const char * const *` in C++,
+  instead of :c:expr:`char **`.
+  In C++, this makes these functions compatible with arguments
+  of type :c:expr:`const char * const *`, :c:expr:`const char **`,
+  or :c:expr:`char * const *` without an explicit type cast.
+  In C, the functions only support arguments of type :c:expr:`char * const *`.
+  This can be overridden with the :c:macro:`PY_CXX_CONST` macro.
+  (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`65210`.)
+
+* :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords` now supports
+  non-ASCII keyword parameter names.
+  (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`110815`.)
 
-* You no longer have to define the ``PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN`` macro before including
-  :file:`Python.h` when using ``#`` formats in
+* The :c:func:`!PyCode_GetFirstFree` function is now unstable API
+  and is now named :c:func:`PyUnstable_Code_GetFirstFree`.
+  (Contributed by Bogdan Romanyuk in :gh:`115781`.)
+
+* The :c:func:`PyDict_GetItem`, :c:func:`PyDict_GetItemString`,
+  :c:func:`PyMapping_HasKey`, :c:func:`PyMapping_HasKeyString`,
+  :c:func:`PyObject_HasAttr`, :c:func:`PyObject_HasAttrString`,
+  and :c:func:`PySys_GetObject` functions,
+  each of which clears all errors which occurred when calling them
+  now reports these errors using :func:`sys.unraisablehook`.
+  You may replace them with other functions as recommended in the documentation.
+  (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`106672`.)
+
+* Add support for the ``%T``, ``%#T``, ``%N`` and ``%#N`` formats
+  to :c:func:`PyUnicode_FromFormat`:
+
+  * ``%T``: Get the fully qualified name of an object type
+  * ``%#T``: As above, but use a colon as the separator
+  * ``%N``: Get the fully qualified name of a type
+  * ``%#N``: As above, but use a colon as the separator
+
+  See :pep:`737` for more information.
+  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`111696`.)
+
+* You no longer have to define the ``PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN`` macro before
+  including :file:`Python.h` when using ``#`` formats in
   :ref:`format codes <arg-parsing-string-and-buffers>`.
   APIs accepting the format codes always use ``Py_ssize_t`` for ``#`` formats.
   (Contributed by Inada Naoki in :gh:`104922`.)
 
-* The *keywords* parameter of :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords` and
-  :c:func:`PyArg_VaParseTupleAndKeywords` now has type :c:expr:`char * const *`
-  in C and :c:expr:`const char * const *` in C++, instead of :c:expr:`char **`.
-  It makes these functions compatible with arguments of type
-  :c:expr:`const char * const *`, :c:expr:`const char **` or
-  :c:expr:`char * const *` in C++ and :c:expr:`char * const *` in C
-  without an explicit type cast.
-  This can be overridden with the :c:macro:`PY_CXX_CONST` macro.
-  (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`65210`.)
+* If Python is built in :ref:`debug mode <debug-build>`
+  or :option:`with assertions <--with-assertions>`,
+  :c:func:`PyTuple_SET_ITEM` and :c:func:`PyList_SET_ITEM`
+  now check the index argument with an assertion.
+  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`106168`.)
 
-* Add :c:func:`PyImport_AddModuleRef`: similar to
-  :c:func:`PyImport_AddModule`, but return a :term:`strong reference` instead
-  of a :term:`borrowed reference`.
-  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`105922`.)
 
-* Add :c:func:`PyWeakref_GetRef` function: similar to
-  :c:func:`PyWeakref_GetObject` but returns a :term:`strong reference`, or
-  ``NULL`` if the referent is no longer live.
-  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`105927`.)
+Limited C API Changes
+---------------------
 
-* Add :c:func:`PyObject_GetOptionalAttr` and
-  :c:func:`PyObject_GetOptionalAttrString`, variants of
-  :c:func:`PyObject_GetAttr` and :c:func:`PyObject_GetAttrString` which
-  don't raise :exc:`AttributeError` if the attribute is not found.
-  These variants are more convenient and faster if the missing attribute
-  should not be treated as a failure.
-  (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`106521`.)
+* The following functions are now included in the Limited C API:
 
-* Add :c:func:`PyMapping_GetOptionalItem` and
-  :c:func:`PyMapping_GetOptionalItemString`: variants of
-  :c:func:`PyObject_GetItem` and :c:func:`PyMapping_GetItemString` which don't
-  raise :exc:`KeyError` if the key is not found.
-  These variants are more convenient and faster if the missing key should not
-  be treated as a failure.
-  (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`106307`.)
+  * :c:func:`PyMem_RawMalloc`
+  * :c:func:`PyMem_RawCalloc`
+  * :c:func:`PyMem_RawRealloc`
+  * :c:func:`PyMem_RawFree`
+  * :c:func:`PySys_Audit`
+  * :c:func:`PySys_AuditTuple`
+  * :c:func:`PyType_GetModuleByDef`
 
-* Add fixed variants of functions which silently ignore errors:
+  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`85283`, :gh:`85283`, and :gh:`116936`.)
 
-  - :c:func:`PyObject_HasAttrWithError` replaces :c:func:`PyObject_HasAttr`.
-  - :c:func:`PyObject_HasAttrStringWithError` replaces :c:func:`PyObject_HasAttrString`.
-  - :c:func:`PyMapping_HasKeyWithError` replaces :c:func:`PyMapping_HasKey`.
-  - :c:func:`PyMapping_HasKeyStringWithError` replaces :c:func:`PyMapping_HasKeyString`.
+* Python built with :option:`--with-trace-refs` (tracing references)
+  now supports the :ref:`Limited API <limited-c-api>`.
+  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`108634`.)
 
-  New functions return not only ``1`` for true and ``0`` for false, but also
-  ``-1`` for error.
 
-  (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`108511`.)
+Removed C APIs
+--------------
 
-* If Python is built in :ref:`debug mode <debug-build>` or :option:`with
-  assertions <--with-assertions>`, :c:func:`PyTuple_SET_ITEM` and
-  :c:func:`PyList_SET_ITEM` now check the index argument with an assertion.
-  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`106168`.)
+* Remove several functions, macros, variables, etc
+  with names prefixed by ``_Py`` or ``_PY`` (which are considered private).
+  If your project is affected  by one of these removals
+  and you believe that the removed API should remain available,
+  please :ref:`open a new issue <using-the-tracker>` to request a public C API
+  and add ``cc: @vstinner`` to the issue to notify Victor Stinner.
+  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`106320`.)
 
-* Add :c:func:`PyModule_Add` function: similar to
-  :c:func:`PyModule_AddObjectRef` and :c:func:`PyModule_AddObject` but
-  always steals a reference to the value.
-  (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`86493`.)
+* Remove old buffer protocols deprecated in Python 3.0.
+  Use :ref:`bufferobjects` instead.
 
-* Add :c:func:`PyDict_GetItemRef` and :c:func:`PyDict_GetItemStringRef`
-  functions: similar to :c:func:`PyDict_GetItemWithError` but returning a
-  :term:`strong reference` instead of a :term:`borrowed reference`. Moreover,
-  these functions return -1 on error and so checking ``PyErr_Occurred()`` is
-  not needed.
-  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`106004`.)
+  * :c:func:`!PyObject_CheckReadBuffer`:
+    Use :c:func:`PyObject_CheckBuffer` to test
+    whether the object supports the buffer protocol.
+    Note that :c:func:`PyObject_CheckBuffer` doesn't guarantee
+    that :c:func:`PyObject_GetBuffer` will succeed.
+    To test if the object is actually readable,
+    see the next example of :c:func:`PyObject_GetBuffer`.
 
-* Added :c:func:`PyDict_SetDefaultRef`, which is similar to
-  :c:func:`PyDict_SetDefault` but returns a :term:`strong reference` instead of
-  a :term:`borrowed reference`. This function returns ``-1`` on error, ``0`` on
-  insertion, and ``1`` if the key was already present in the dictionary.
-  (Contributed by Sam Gross in :gh:`112066`.)
+  * :c:func:`!PyObject_AsCharBuffer`, :c:func:`!PyObject_AsReadBuffer`:
+    Use :c:func:`PyObject_GetBuffer` and :c:func:`PyBuffer_Release` instead:
 
-* Add :c:func:`PyDict_ContainsString` function: same as
-  :c:func:`PyDict_Contains`, but *key* is specified as a :c:expr:`const char*`
-  UTF-8 encoded bytes string, rather than a :c:expr:`PyObject*`.
-  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`108314`.)
+    .. code-block:: c
 
-* Added :c:func:`PyList_GetItemRef` function: similar to
-  :c:func:`PyList_GetItem` but returns a :term:`strong reference` instead of
-  a :term:`borrowed reference`.
+       Py_buffer view;
+       if (PyObject_GetBuffer(obj, &view, PyBUF_SIMPLE) < 0) {
+           return NULL;
+       }
+       // Use `view.buf` and `view.len` to read from the buffer.
+       // You may need to cast buf as `(const char*)view.buf`.
+       PyBuffer_Release(&view);
 
-* Add :c:func:`Py_IsFinalizing` function: check if the main Python interpreter is
-  :term:`shutting down <interpreter shutdown>`.
-  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`108014`.)
+  * :c:func:`!PyObject_AsWriteBuffer`:
+    Use :c:func:`PyObject_GetBuffer` and :c:func:`PyBuffer_Release` instead:
 
-* Add :c:func:`PyLong_AsInt` function: similar to :c:func:`PyLong_AsLong`, but
-  store the result in a C :c:expr:`int` instead of a C :c:expr:`long`.
-  Previously, it was known as the private function :c:func:`!_PyLong_AsInt`
-  (with an underscore prefix).
-  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`108014`.)
+    .. code-block:: c
 
-* Python built with :file:`configure` :option:`--with-trace-refs` (tracing
-  references) now supports the :ref:`Limited API <limited-c-api>`.
-  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`108634`.)
+       Py_buffer view;
+       if (PyObject_GetBuffer(obj, &view, PyBUF_WRITABLE) < 0) {
+           return NULL;
+       }
+       // Use `view.buf` and `view.len` to write to the buffer.
+       PyBuffer_Release(&view);
 
-* Add :c:func:`PyObject_VisitManagedDict` and
-  :c:func:`PyObject_ClearManagedDict` functions which must be called by the
-  traverse and clear functions of a type using
-  :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT` flag.  The `pythoncapi-compat project
-  <https://github.com/python/pythoncapi-compat/>`__ can be used to get these
-  functions on Python 3.11 and 3.12.
-  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`107073`.)
+  (Contributed by Inada Naoki in :gh:`85275`.)
 
-* Add :c:func:`PyUnicode_EqualToUTF8AndSize` and :c:func:`PyUnicode_EqualToUTF8`
-  functions: compare Unicode object with a :c:expr:`const char*` UTF-8 encoded
-  string and return true (``1``) if they are equal, or false (``0``) otherwise.
-  These functions do not raise exceptions.
-  (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`110289`.)
+* Remove various functions deprecated in Python 3.9:
 
-* Add :c:func:`PyThreadState_GetUnchecked()` function: similar to
-  :c:func:`PyThreadState_Get()`, but don't kill the process with a fatal error
-  if it is NULL. The caller is responsible to check if the result is NULL.
-  Previously, the function was private and known as
-  ``_PyThreadState_UncheckedGet()``.
-  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`108867`.)
+  * :c:func:`!PyEval_CallObject`, :c:func:`!PyEval_CallObjectWithKeywords`:
+    Use :c:func:`PyObject_CallNoArgs` or :c:func:`PyObject_Call` instead.
 
-* Add :c:func:`PySys_AuditTuple` function: similar to :c:func:`PySys_Audit`,
-  but pass event arguments as a Python :class:`tuple` object.
-  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`85283`.)
+    .. warning::
 
-* :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords` now supports non-ASCII keyword
-  parameter names.
-  (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`110815`.)
+       In :c:func:`PyObject_Call`, positional arguments must be a :class:`tuple`
+       and must not be ``NULL``,
+       and keyword arguments must be a :class:`dict` or ``NULL``,
+       whereas the removed functions checked argument types
+       and accepted ``NULL`` positional and keyword arguments.
+       To replace ``PyEval_CallObjectWithKeywords(func, NULL, kwargs)`` with
+       :c:func:`PyObject_Call`,
+       pass an empty tuple as positional arguments using
+       :c:func:`PyTuple_New(0) <PyTuple_New>`.
 
-* Add :c:func:`PyMem_RawMalloc`, :c:func:`PyMem_RawCalloc`,
-  :c:func:`PyMem_RawRealloc` and :c:func:`PyMem_RawFree` to the limited C API
-  (version 3.13).
-  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`85283`.)
+  * :c:func:`!PyEval_CallFunction`:
+    Use :c:func:`PyObject_CallFunction` instead.
+  * :c:func:`!PyEval_CallMethod`:
+    Use :c:func:`PyObject_CallMethod` instead.
+  * :c:func:`!PyCFunction_Call`:
+    Use :c:func:`PyObject_Call` instead.
 
-* Add :c:func:`PySys_Audit` and :c:func:`PySys_AuditTuple` functions to the
-  limited C API.
-  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`85283`.)
+  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`105107`.)
 
-* Add :c:func:`PyErr_FormatUnraisable` function: similar to
-  :c:func:`PyErr_WriteUnraisable`, but allow customizing the warning message.
-  (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`108082`.)
+* Remove the following old functions to configure the Python initialization,
+  deprecated in Python 3.11:
 
-* Add :c:func:`PyList_Extend` and :c:func:`PyList_Clear` functions: similar to
-  Python ``list.extend()`` and ``list.clear()`` methods.
-  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`111138`.)
+  * :c:func:`!PySys_AddWarnOptionUnicode`:
+    Use :c:member:`PyConfig.warnoptions` instead.
+  * :c:func:`!PySys_AddWarnOption`:
+    Use :c:member:`PyConfig.warnoptions` instead.
+  * :c:func:`!PySys_AddXOption`:
+    Use :c:member:`PyConfig.xoptions` instead.
+  * :c:func:`!PySys_HasWarnOptions`:
+    Use :c:member:`PyConfig.xoptions` instead.
+  * :c:func:`!PySys_SetPath`:
+    Set :c:member:`PyConfig.module_search_paths` instead.
+  * :c:func:`!Py_SetPath`:
+    Set :c:member:`PyConfig.module_search_paths` instead.
+  * :c:func:`!Py_SetStandardStreamEncoding`:
+    Set :c:member:`PyConfig.stdio_encoding` instead,
+    and set also maybe :c:member:`PyConfig.legacy_windows_stdio` (on Windows).
+  * :c:func:`!_Py_SetProgramFullPath`:
+    Set :c:member:`PyConfig.executable` instead.
 
-* Add :c:func:`PyDict_Pop` and :c:func:`PyDict_PopString` functions: remove a
-  key from a dictionary and optionally return the removed value. This is
-  similar to :meth:`dict.pop`, but without the default value and not raising
-  :exc:`KeyError` if the key is missing.
-  (Contributed by Stefan Behnel and Victor Stinner in :gh:`111262`.)
+  Use the new :c:type:`PyConfig` API of the :ref:`Python Initialization
+  Configuration <init-config>` instead (:pep:`587`), added to Python 3.8.
+  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`105145`.)
 
-* Add :c:func:`Py_HashPointer` function to hash a pointer.
-  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`111545`.)
+* Remove :c:func:`!PyEval_AcquireLock` and :c:func:`!PyEval_ReleaseLock` functions,
+  deprecated in Python 3.2.
+  They didn't update the current thread state.
+  They can be replaced with:
 
-* Add :c:func:`PyObject_GenericHash` function that implements the default
-  hashing function of a Python object.
-  (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`113024`.)
+  * :c:func:`PyEval_SaveThread` and :c:func:`PyEval_RestoreThread`;
+  * low-level :c:func:`PyEval_AcquireThread` and :c:func:`PyEval_RestoreThread`;
+  * or :c:func:`PyGILState_Ensure` and :c:func:`PyGILState_Release`.
 
-* Add PyTime C API:
+  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`105182`.)
 
-  * :c:type:`PyTime_t` type.
-  * :c:var:`PyTime_MIN` and :c:var:`PyTime_MAX` constants.
-  * Add functions:
+* Remove the :c:func:`!PyEval_ThreadsInitialized` function,
+  deprecated in Python 3.9.
+  Since Python 3.7, :c:func:`!Py_Initialize` always creates the GIL:
+  calling :c:func:`!PyEval_InitThreads` does nothing and
+  :c:func:`!PyEval_ThreadsInitialized` always returns non-zero.
+  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`105182`.)
 
-    * :c:func:`PyTime_AsSecondsDouble`.
-    * :c:func:`PyTime_Monotonic`.
-    * :c:func:`PyTime_MonotonicRaw`.
-    * :c:func:`PyTime_PerfCounter`.
-    * :c:func:`PyTime_PerfCounterRaw`.
-    * :c:func:`PyTime_Time`.
-    * :c:func:`PyTime_TimeRaw`.
+* Remove the :c:func:`!_PyInterpreterState_Get` alias to
+  :c:func:`PyInterpreterState_Get()`
+  which was kept for backward compatibility with Python 3.8.
+  The `pythoncapi-compat project`_ can be used to get
+  :c:func:`PyInterpreterState_Get()` on Python 3.8 and older.
+  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`106320`.)
 
-  (Contributed by Victor Stinner and Petr Viktorin in :gh:`110850`.)
+* Remove the private :c:func:`!_PyObject_FastCall` function:
+  use :c:func:`!PyObject_Vectorcall` which is available since Python 3.8
+  (:pep:`590`).
+  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`106023`.)
 
-* Add :c:func:`PyLong_AsNativeBytes`, :c:func:`PyLong_FromNativeBytes` and
-  :c:func:`PyLong_FromUnsignedNativeBytes` functions to simplify converting
-  between native integer types and Python :class:`int` objects.
-  (Contributed by Steve Dower in :gh:`111140`.)
+* Remove the ``cpython/pytime.h`` header file,
+  which only contained private functions.
+  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`106316`.)
 
-* Add :c:func:`PyType_GetFullyQualifiedName` function to get the type's fully
-  qualified name. Equivalent to ``f"{type.__module__}.{type.__qualname__}"``,
-  or ``type.__qualname__`` if ``type.__module__`` is not a string or is equal
-  to ``"builtins"``.
-  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`111696`.)
+* Remove the undocumented ``PY_TIMEOUT_MAX`` constant from the limited C API.
+  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`110014`.)
 
-* Add :c:func:`PyType_GetModuleName` function to get the type's module name.
-  Equivalent to getting the ``type.__module__`` attribute.
-  (Contributed by Eric Snow and Victor Stinner in :gh:`111696`.)
+* Remove the old trashcan macros ``Py_TRASHCAN_SAFE_BEGIN``
+  and ``Py_TRASHCAN_SAFE_END``.
+  Replace both with the new macros ``Py_TRASHCAN_BEGIN``
+  and ``Py_TRASHCAN_END``.
+  (Contributed by Irit Katriel in :gh:`105111`.)
 
-* Add support for ``%T``, ``%#T``, ``%N`` and ``%#N`` formats to
-  :c:func:`PyUnicode_FromFormat`: format the fully qualified name of an object
-  type and of a type: call :c:func:`PyType_GetModuleName`. See :pep:`737` for
-  more information.
-  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`111696`.)
+Deprecated C APIs
+-----------------
 
-* Add :c:func:`Py_GetConstant` and :c:func:`Py_GetConstantBorrowed` functions
-  to get constants. For example, ``Py_GetConstant(Py_CONSTANT_ZERO)`` returns a
-  :term:`strong reference` to the constant zero.
-  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`115754`.)
+* Deprecate old Python initialization functions:
 
-* Add :c:func:`PyType_GetModuleByDef` to the limited C API
-  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`116936`.)
+  * :c:func:`PySys_ResetWarnOptions`:
+    Clear :data:`sys.warnoptions` and :data:`!warnings.filters` instead.
+  * :c:func:`Py_GetExecPrefix`:
+    Get :data:`sys.exec_prefix` instead.
+  * :c:func:`Py_GetPath`:
+    Get :data:`sys.path` instead.
+  * :c:func:`Py_GetPrefix`:
+    Get :data:`sys.prefix` instead.
+  * :c:func:`Py_GetProgramFullPath`:
+    Get :data:`sys.executable` instead.
+  * :c:func:`Py_GetProgramName`:
+    Get :data:`sys.executable` instead.
+  * :c:func:`Py_GetPythonHome`:
+    Get :c:member:`PyConfig.home`
+    or the :envvar:`PYTHONHOME` environment variable instead.
 
-* Add two new functions to the C-API, :c:func:`PyRefTracer_SetTracer` and
-  :c:func:`PyRefTracer_GetTracer`, that allows to track object creation and
-  destruction the same way the :mod:`tracemalloc` module does. (Contributed
-  by Pablo Galindo in :gh:`93502`.)
+  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`105145`.)
 
-* Add :c:func:`PyEval_GetFrameBuiltins`, :c:func:`PyEval_GetFrameGlobals`, and
-  :c:func:`PyEval_GetFrameLocals` to the C API. These replacements for
-  :c:func:`PyEval_GetBuiltins`, :c:func:`PyEval_GetGlobals`, and
-  :c:func:`PyEval_GetLocals` return :term:`strong references <strong reference>`
-  rather than borrowed references. (Added as part of :pep:`667`.)
+* :term:`Soft deprecate <soft deprecated>` the
+  :c:func:`PyEval_GetBuiltins`, :c:func:`PyEval_GetGlobals`,
+  and :c:func:`PyEval_GetLocals` functions,
+  which return a :term:`borrowed reference`.
+  (Soft deprecated as part of :pep:`667`.)
 
-Build Changes
-=============
+* Deprecate the :c:func:`PyImport_ImportModuleNoBlock` function,
+  which is just an alias to :c:func:`PyImport_ImportModule` since Python 3.3.
+  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`105396`.)
 
-* The :file:`configure` option :option:`--with-system-libmpdec` now defaults
-  to ``yes``. The bundled copy of ``libmpdecimal`` will be removed in Python
-  3.15.
+* :term:`Soft deprecate <soft deprecated>` the
+  :c:func:`PyModule_AddObject` function.
+  It should be replaced with :c:func:`PyModule_Add`
+  or :c:func:`PyModule_AddObjectRef`.
+  (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`86493`.)
 
-* Autoconf 2.71 and aclocal 1.16.4 are now required to regenerate
-  the :file:`configure` script.
-  (Contributed by Christian Heimes in :gh:`89886`.)
+* Deprecate the old ``Py_UNICODE`` and ``PY_UNICODE_TYPE`` types
+  and the :c:macro:`!Py_UNICODE_WIDE` define.
+  Use the :c:type:`wchar_t` type directly instead.
+  Since Python 3.3, ``Py_UNICODE`` and ``PY_UNICODE_TYPE``
+  are just aliases to :c:type:`!wchar_t`.
+  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`105156`.)
 
-* SQLite 3.15.2 or newer is required to build the :mod:`sqlite3` extension module.
-  (Contributed by Erlend Aasland in :gh:`105875`.)
+* Deprecate the :c:func:`PyWeakref_GetObject` and
+  :c:func:`PyWeakref_GET_OBJECT` functions,
+  which return a :term:`borrowed reference`.
+  Replace them with the new :c:func:`PyWeakref_GetRef` function,
+  which returns a :term:`strong reference`.
+  The `pythoncapi-compat project`_ can be used to get
+  :c:func:`PyWeakref_GetRef` on Python 3.12 and older.
+  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`105927`.)
 
-* Python built with :file:`configure` :option:`--with-trace-refs` (tracing
-  references) is now ABI compatible with the Python release build and
-  :ref:`debug build <debug-build>`.
-  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`108634`.)
+.. Add deprecations above alphabetically, not here at the end.
 
-* Building CPython now requires a compiler with support for the C11 atomic
-  library, GCC built-in atomic functions, or MSVC interlocked intrinsics.
+.. include:: ../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst
 
-* The ``errno``, ``fcntl``, ``grp``, ``md5``, ``pwd``, ``resource``,
-  ``termios``, ``winsound``,
-  ``_ctypes_test``, ``_multiprocessing.posixshmem``, ``_scproxy``, ``_stat``,
-  ``_statistics``, ``_testconsole``, ``_testimportmultiple`` and ``_uuid``
-  C extensions are now built with the :ref:`limited C API <limited-c-api>`.
-  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`85283`.)
+.. include:: ../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.15.rst
+
+.. include:: ../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst
+
+.. _pythoncapi-compat project: https://github.com/python/pythoncapi-compat/
+
+Build Changes
+=============
+
+* ``arm64-apple-ios`` and ``arm64-apple-ios-simulator`` are both
+  now :pep:`11` tier 3 platforms.
+  (:ref:`PEP 730 <whatsnew313-platform-support>` written
+  and implementation contributed by Russell Keith-Magee in :gh:`114099`.)
+
+* ``aarch64-linux-android`` and ``x86_64-linux-android`` are both
+  now :pep:`11` tier 3 platforms.
+  (:ref:`PEP 738 <whatsnew313-platform-support>` written
+  and implementation contributed by Malcolm Smith in :gh:`116622`.)
 
 * ``wasm32-wasi`` is now a :pep:`11` tier 2 platform.
   (Contributed by Brett Cannon in :gh:`115192`.)
@@ -2207,15 +2492,45 @@ Build Changes
 * ``wasm32-emscripten`` is no longer a :pep:`11` supported platform.
   (Contributed by Brett Cannon in :gh:`115192`.)
 
-* Python now bundles the `mimalloc library <https://github.com/microsoft/mimalloc>`__.
-  It is licensed under the MIT license; see :ref:`mimalloc license <mimalloc-license>`.
+* Building CPython now requires a compiler with support for the C11 atomic
+  library, GCC built-in atomic functions, or MSVC interlocked intrinsics.
+
+* Autoconf 2.71 and aclocal 1.16.5 are now required to regenerate
+  the :file:`configure` script.
+  (Contributed by Christian Heimes in :gh:`89886` and by Victor Stinner in :gh:`112090`.)
+
+* SQLite 3.15.2 or newer is required to build
+  the :mod:`sqlite3` extension module.
+  (Contributed by Erlend Aasland in :gh:`105875`.)
+
+* CPython now bundles the `mimalloc library`_ by default.
+  It is licensed under the MIT license;
+  see :ref:`mimalloc license <mimalloc-license>`.
   The bundled mimalloc has custom changes, see :gh:`113141` for details.
   (Contributed by Dino Viehland in :gh:`109914`.)
 
+  .. _mimalloc library: https://github.com/microsoft/mimalloc/
+
+* The :file:`configure` option :option:`--with-system-libmpdec`
+  now defaults to ``yes``.
+  The bundled copy of ``libmpdecimal`` will be removed in Python 3.15.
+
+* Python built with :file:`configure` :option:`--with-trace-refs`
+  (tracing references) is now ABI compatible with the Python release build
+  and :ref:`debug build <debug-build>`.
+  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`108634`.)
+
 * On POSIX systems, the pkg-config (``.pc``) filenames now include the ABI
   flags.  For example, the free-threaded build generates ``python-3.13t.pc``
   and the debug build generates ``python-3.13d.pc``.
 
+* The ``errno``, ``fcntl``, ``grp``, ``md5``, ``pwd``, ``resource``,
+  ``termios``, ``winsound``,
+  ``_ctypes_test``, ``_multiprocessing.posixshmem``, ``_scproxy``, ``_stat``,
+  ``_statistics``, ``_testconsole``, ``_testimportmultiple`` and ``_uuid``
+  C extensions are now built with the :ref:`limited C API <limited-c-api>`.
+  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`85283`.)
+
 
 Porting to Python 3.13
 ======================
@@ -2226,78 +2541,89 @@ that may require changes to your code.
 Changes in the Python API
 -------------------------
 
-* An :exc:`OSError` is now raised by :func:`getpass.getuser` for any failure to
-  retrieve a username, instead of :exc:`ImportError` on non-Unix platforms or
-  :exc:`KeyError` on Unix platforms where the password database is empty.
-
-* The :mod:`threading` module now expects the :mod:`!_thread` module to have
-  an ``_is_main_interpreter`` attribute.  It is a function with no
-  arguments that returns ``True`` if the current interpreter is the
-  main interpreter.
+.. _pep667-porting-notes-py:
 
-  Any library or application that provides a custom ``_thread`` module
-  must provide ``_is_main_interpreter()``, just like the module's
-  other "private" attributes.
-  (See :gh:`112826`.)
+* :ref:`PEP 667 <whatsnew313-locals-semantics>` introduces several changes
+  to the semantics of :func:`locals` and :attr:`f_locals <frame.f_locals>`:
+
+  * Calling :func:`locals` in an :term:`optimized scope` now produces an
+    independent snapshot on each call, and hence no longer implicitly updates
+    previously returned references. Obtaining the legacy CPython behavior now
+    requires explicit calls to update the initially returned dictionary with the
+    results of subsequent calls to :func:`!locals`. Code execution functions that
+    implicitly target :func:`!locals` (such as ``exec`` and ``eval``) must be
+    passed an explicit namespace to access their results in an optimized scope.
+    (Changed as part of :pep:`667`.)
+
+  * Calling :func:`locals` from a comprehension at module or class scope
+    (including via ``exec`` or ``eval``) once more behaves as if the comprehension
+    were running as an independent nested function (i.e. the local variables from
+    the containing scope are not included). In Python 3.12, this had changed
+    to include the local variables from the containing scope when implementing
+    :pep:`709`. (Changed as part of :pep:`667`.)
+
+  * Accessing :attr:`FrameType.f_locals <frame.f_locals>` in an
+    :term:`optimized scope` now returns a write-through proxy rather than a
+    snapshot that gets updated at ill-specified times. If a snapshot is desired,
+    it must be created explicitly with ``dict`` or the proxy's ``.copy()`` method.
+    (Changed as part of :pep:`667`.)
+
+* :class:`functools.partial` now emits a :exc:`FutureWarning`
+  when used as a method.
+  The behavior will change in future Python versions.
+  Wrap it in :func:`staticmethod` if you want to preserve the old behavior.
+  (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`121027`.)
+
+* An :exc:`OSError` is now raised by :func:`getpass.getuser`
+  for any failure to retrieve a username,
+  instead of :exc:`ImportError` on non-Unix platforms
+  or :exc:`KeyError` on Unix platforms where the password database is empty.
+
+* The value of the :attr:`!mode` attribute of :class:`gzip.GzipFile`
+  is now a string (``'rb'`` or ``'wb'``) instead of an integer (``1`` or ``2``).
+  The value of the :attr:`!mode` attribute of the readable file-like object
+  returned by :meth:`zipfile.ZipFile.open` is now ``'rb'`` instead of ``'r'``.
+  (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`115961`.)
 
-* :class:`mailbox.Maildir` now ignores files with a leading dot.
+* :class:`mailbox.Maildir` now ignores files with a leading dot (``.``).
   (Contributed by Zackery Spytz in :gh:`65559`.)
 
 * :meth:`pathlib.Path.glob` and :meth:`~pathlib.Path.rglob` now return both
-  files and directories if a pattern that ends with "``**``" is given, rather
-  than directories only. Users may add a trailing slash to match only
-  directories.
+  files and directories if a pattern that ends with "``**``" is given,
+  rather than directories only.
+  Add a trailing slash to keep the previous behavior and only match directories.
 
-* The value of the :attr:`!mode` attribute of :class:`gzip.GzipFile` was
-  changed from integer (``1`` or ``2``) to string (``'rb'`` or ``'wb'``).
-  The value of the :attr:`!mode` attribute of the readable file-like object
-  returned by :meth:`zipfile.ZipFile.open` was changed from ``'r'`` to ``'rb'``.
-  (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`115961`.)
+* The :mod:`threading` module now expects the :mod:`!_thread` module
+  to have an :func:`!_is_main_interpreter` function.
+  This function takes no arguments and returns ``True``
+  if the current interpreter is the main interpreter.
 
-.. _pep667-porting-notes-py:
+  Any library or application that provides a custom :mod:`!_thread` module
+  must provide :func:`!_is_main_interpreter`,
+  just like the module's other "private" attributes.
+  (:gh:`112826`.)
 
-* Calling :func:`locals` in an :term:`optimized scope` now produces an
-  independent snapshot on each call, and hence no longer implicitly updates
-  previously returned references. Obtaining the legacy CPython behaviour now
-  requires explicit calls to update the initially returned dictionary with the
-  results of subsequent calls to ``locals()``. Code execution functions that
-  implicitly target ``locals()`` (such as ``exec`` and ``eval``) must be
-  passed an explicit namespace to access their results in an optimized scope.
-  (Changed as part of :pep:`667`.)
-
-* Calling :func:`locals` from a comprehension at module or class scope
-  (including via ``exec`` or ``eval``) once more behaves as if the comprehension
-  were running as an independent nested function (i.e. the local variables from
-  the containing scope are not included). In Python 3.12, this had changed
-  to include the local variables from the containing scope when implementing
-  :pep:`709`. (Changed as part of :pep:`667`.)
-
-* Accessing :attr:`FrameType.f_locals <frame.f_locals>` in an
-  :term:`optimized scope` now returns a write-through proxy rather than a
-  snapshot that gets updated at ill-specified times. If a snapshot is desired,
-  it must be created explicitly with ``dict`` or the proxy's ``.copy()`` method.
-  (Changed as part of :pep:`667`.)
 
 Changes in the C API
 --------------------
 
 * ``Python.h`` no longer includes the ``<ieeefp.h>`` standard header. It was
-  included for the ``finite()`` function which is now provided by the
+  included for the :c:func:`!finite` function which is now provided by the
   ``<math.h>`` header. It should now be included explicitly if needed. Remove
   also the ``HAVE_IEEEFP_H`` macro.
   (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`108765`.)
 
 * ``Python.h`` no longer includes these standard header files: ``<time.h>``,
   ``<sys/select.h>`` and ``<sys/time.h>``. If needed, they should now be
-  included explicitly. For example, ``<time.h>`` provides the ``clock()`` and
-  ``gmtime()`` functions, ``<sys/select.h>`` provides the ``select()``
-  function, and ``<sys/time.h>`` provides the ``futimes()``, ``gettimeofday()``
-  and ``setitimer()`` functions.
+  included explicitly. For example, ``<time.h>`` provides the :c:func:`!clock` and
+  :c:func:`!gmtime` functions, ``<sys/select.h>`` provides the :c:func:`!select`
+  function, and ``<sys/time.h>`` provides the :c:func:`!futimes`, :c:func:`!gettimeofday`
+  and :c:func:`!setitimer` functions.
   (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`108765`.)
 
 * On Windows, ``Python.h`` no longer includes the ``<stddef.h>`` standard
   header file. If needed, it should now be included explicitly. For example, it
-  provides ``offsetof()`` function, and ``size_t`` and ``ptrdiff_t`` types.
+  provides :c:func:`!offsetof` function, and ``size_t`` and ``ptrdiff_t`` types.
   Including ``<stddef.h>`` explicitly was already needed by all other
   platforms, the ``HAVE_STDDEF_H`` macro is only defined on Windows.
   (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`108765`.)
@@ -2338,303 +2664,39 @@ Changes in the C API
   added in Python 3.8 and the old macros were deprecated in Python 3.11.
   (Contributed by Irit Katriel in :gh:`105111`.)
 
-* Functions :c:func:`PyDict_GetItem`, :c:func:`PyDict_GetItemString`,
-  :c:func:`PyMapping_HasKey`, :c:func:`PyMapping_HasKeyString`,
-  :c:func:`PyObject_HasAttr`, :c:func:`PyObject_HasAttrString`, and
-  :c:func:`PySys_GetObject`, which clear all errors which occurred when calling
-  them, now report them using :func:`sys.unraisablehook`.
-  You may replace them with other functions as
-  recommended in the documentation.
-  (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`106672`.)
-
-* :c:func:`!PyCode_GetFirstFree` is an unstable API now and has been renamed
-  to :c:func:`PyUnstable_Code_GetFirstFree`.
-  (Contributed by Bogdan Romanyuk in :gh:`115781`.)
-
 .. _pep667-porting-notes-c:
 
-* The effects of mutating the dictionary returned from :c:func:`PyEval_GetLocals` in an
-  :term:`optimized scope` have changed. New dict entries added this way will now *only* be
-  visible to subsequent :c:func:`PyEval_GetLocals` calls in that frame, as
-  :c:func:`PyFrame_GetLocals`, :func:`locals`, and
-  :attr:`FrameType.f_locals <frame.f_locals>` no longer access the same underlying cached
-  dictionary. Changes made to entries for actual variable names and names added via the
-  write-through proxy interfaces will be overwritten on subsequent calls to
-  :c:func:`PyEval_GetLocals` in that frame. The recommended code update depends on how the
-  function was being used, so refer to the deprecation notice on the function for details.
-  (Changed as part of :pep:`667`.)
-
-* Calling :c:func:`PyFrame_GetLocals` in an :term:`optimized scope` now returns a
-  write-through proxy rather than a snapshot that gets updated at ill-specified times.
-  If a snapshot is desired, it must be created explicitly (e.g. with :c:func:`PyDict_Copy`)
-  or by calling the new :c:func:`PyEval_GetFrameLocals` API. (Changed as part of :pep:`667`.)
-
-* :c:func:`!PyFrame_FastToLocals` and :c:func:`!PyFrame_FastToLocalsWithError`
-  no longer have any effect. Calling these functions has been redundant since
-  Python 3.11, when :c:func:`PyFrame_GetLocals` was first introduced.
-  (Changed as part of :pep:`667`.)
-
-* :c:func:`!PyFrame_LocalsToFast` no longer has any effect. Calling this function
-  is redundant now that :c:func:`PyFrame_GetLocals` returns a write-through proxy
-  for :term:`optimized scopes <optimized scope>`. (Changed as part of :pep:`667`.)
-
-Removed C APIs
---------------
-
-* Remove many APIs (functions, macros, variables) with names prefixed by
-  ``_Py`` or ``_PY`` (considered as private API). If your project is affected
-  by one of these removals and you consider that the removed API should remain
-  available, please open a new issue to request a public C API and
-  add ``cc @vstinner`` to the issue to notify Victor Stinner.
-  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`106320`.)
-
-* Remove functions deprecated in Python 3.9:
-
-  * ``PyEval_CallObject()``, ``PyEval_CallObjectWithKeywords()``: use
-    :c:func:`PyObject_CallNoArgs` or :c:func:`PyObject_Call` instead.
-    Warning: :c:func:`PyObject_Call` positional arguments must be a
-    :class:`tuple` and must not be ``NULL``, keyword arguments must be a
-    :class:`dict` or ``NULL``, whereas removed functions checked arguments type
-    and accepted ``NULL`` positional and keyword arguments.
-    To replace ``PyEval_CallObjectWithKeywords(func, NULL, kwargs)`` with
-    :c:func:`PyObject_Call`, pass an empty tuple as positional arguments using
-    :c:func:`PyTuple_New(0) <PyTuple_New>`.
-  * ``PyEval_CallFunction()``: use :c:func:`PyObject_CallFunction` instead.
-  * ``PyEval_CallMethod()``: use :c:func:`PyObject_CallMethod` instead.
-  * ``PyCFunction_Call()``: use :c:func:`PyObject_Call` instead.
-
-  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`105107`.)
-
-* Remove old buffer protocols deprecated in Python 3.0. Use :ref:`bufferobjects` instead.
-
-  * :c:func:`!PyObject_CheckReadBuffer`: Use :c:func:`PyObject_CheckBuffer` to
-    test if the object supports the buffer protocol.
-    Note that :c:func:`PyObject_CheckBuffer` doesn't guarantee that
-    :c:func:`PyObject_GetBuffer` will succeed.
-    To test if the object is actually readable, see the next example
-    of :c:func:`PyObject_GetBuffer`.
-
-  * :c:func:`!PyObject_AsCharBuffer`, :c:func:`!PyObject_AsReadBuffer`:
-    :c:func:`PyObject_GetBuffer` and :c:func:`PyBuffer_Release` instead:
-
-    .. code-block:: c
-
-       Py_buffer view;
-       if (PyObject_GetBuffer(obj, &view, PyBUF_SIMPLE) < 0) {
-           return NULL;
-       }
-       // Use `view.buf` and `view.len` to read from the buffer.
-       // You may need to cast buf as `(const char*)view.buf`.
-       PyBuffer_Release(&view);
-
-  * :c:func:`!PyObject_AsWriteBuffer`: Use
-    :c:func:`PyObject_GetBuffer` and :c:func:`PyBuffer_Release` instead:
-
-    .. code-block:: c
-
-       Py_buffer view;
-       if (PyObject_GetBuffer(obj, &view, PyBUF_WRITABLE) < 0) {
-           return NULL;
-       }
-       // Use `view.buf` and `view.len` to write to the buffer.
-       PyBuffer_Release(&view);
-
-  (Contributed by Inada Naoki in :gh:`85275`.)
-
-* Remove the following old functions to configure the Python initialization,
-  deprecated in Python 3.11:
-
-  * ``PySys_AddWarnOptionUnicode()``: use :c:member:`PyConfig.warnoptions` instead.
-  * ``PySys_AddWarnOption()``: use :c:member:`PyConfig.warnoptions` instead.
-  * ``PySys_AddXOption()``: use :c:member:`PyConfig.xoptions` instead.
-  * ``PySys_HasWarnOptions()``: use :c:member:`PyConfig.xoptions` instead.
-  * ``PySys_SetPath()``: set :c:member:`PyConfig.module_search_paths` instead.
-  * ``Py_SetPath()``: set :c:member:`PyConfig.module_search_paths` instead.
-  * ``Py_SetStandardStreamEncoding()``: set :c:member:`PyConfig.stdio_encoding`
-    instead, and set also maybe :c:member:`PyConfig.legacy_windows_stdio` (on
-    Windows).
-  * ``_Py_SetProgramFullPath()``: set :c:member:`PyConfig.executable` instead.
-
-  Use the new :c:type:`PyConfig` API of the :ref:`Python Initialization
-  Configuration <init-config>` instead (:pep:`587`), added to Python 3.8.
-  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`105145`.)
-
-* Remove ``PyEval_ThreadsInitialized()``
-  function, deprecated in Python 3.9. Since Python 3.7, ``Py_Initialize()``
-  always creates the GIL: calling ``PyEval_InitThreads()`` does nothing and
-  ``PyEval_ThreadsInitialized()`` always returned non-zero.
-  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`105182`.)
-
-* Remove ``PyEval_AcquireLock()`` and ``PyEval_ReleaseLock()`` functions,
-  deprecated in Python 3.2. They didn't update the current thread state.
-  They can be replaced with:
-
-  * :c:func:`PyEval_SaveThread` and :c:func:`PyEval_RestoreThread`;
-  * low-level :c:func:`PyEval_AcquireThread` and :c:func:`PyEval_RestoreThread`;
-  * or :c:func:`PyGILState_Ensure` and :c:func:`PyGILState_Release`.
-
-  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`105182`.)
-
-* Remove private ``_PyObject_FastCall()`` function:
-  use ``PyObject_Vectorcall()`` which is available since Python 3.8
-  (:pep:`590`).
-  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`106023`.)
-
-* Remove ``cpython/pytime.h`` header file: it only contained private functions.
-  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`106316`.)
-
-* Remove ``_PyInterpreterState_Get()`` alias to
-  :c:func:`PyInterpreterState_Get()` which was kept for backward compatibility
-  with Python 3.8. The `pythoncapi-compat project
-  <https://github.com/python/pythoncapi-compat/>`__ can be used to get
-  :c:func:`PyInterpreterState_Get()` on Python 3.8 and older.
-  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`106320`.)
-
-* The :c:func:`PyModule_AddObject` function is now :term:`soft deprecated`:
-  :c:func:`PyModule_Add` or :c:func:`PyModule_AddObjectRef` functions should
-  be used instead.
-  (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`86493`.)
-
-Deprecated C APIs
------------------
-
-* Deprecate the old ``Py_UNICODE`` and ``PY_UNICODE_TYPE`` types: use directly
-  the :c:type:`wchar_t` type instead. Since Python 3.3, ``Py_UNICODE`` and
-  ``PY_UNICODE_TYPE`` are just aliases to :c:type:`wchar_t`.
-  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`105156`.)
-
-* Deprecate old Python initialization functions:
-
-  * :c:func:`PySys_ResetWarnOptions`:
-    clear :data:`sys.warnoptions` and :data:`!warnings.filters` instead.
-  * :c:func:`Py_GetExecPrefix`: get :data:`sys.exec_prefix` instead.
-  * :c:func:`Py_GetPath`: get :data:`sys.path` instead.
-  * :c:func:`Py_GetPrefix`: get :data:`sys.prefix` instead.
-  * :c:func:`Py_GetProgramFullPath`: get :data:`sys.executable` instead.
-  * :c:func:`Py_GetProgramName`: get :data:`sys.executable` instead.
-  * :c:func:`Py_GetPythonHome`: get :c:member:`PyConfig.home` or
-    :envvar:`PYTHONHOME` environment variable instead.
-
-  Functions scheduled for removal in Python 3.15.
-  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`105145`.)
-
-* Deprecate the :c:func:`PyImport_ImportModuleNoBlock` function which is just
-  an alias to :c:func:`PyImport_ImportModule` since Python 3.3.
-  Scheduled for removal in Python 3.15.
-  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`105396`.)
-
-* Deprecate the :c:func:`PyWeakref_GetObject` and
-  :c:func:`PyWeakref_GET_OBJECT` functions, which return a :term:`borrowed
-  reference`: use the new :c:func:`PyWeakref_GetRef` function instead, it
-  returns a :term:`strong reference`. The `pythoncapi-compat project
-  <https://github.com/python/pythoncapi-compat/>`__ can be used to get
-  :c:func:`PyWeakref_GetRef` on Python 3.12 and older.
-  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`105927`.)
-
-* Deprecate the :c:func:`PyEval_GetBuiltins`, :c:func:`PyEval_GetGlobals`, and
-  :c:func:`PyEval_GetLocals` functions, which return a :term:`borrowed reference`.
-  Refer to the deprecation notices on each function for their recommended replacements.
-  (Soft deprecated as part of :pep:`667`.)
-
-Pending Removal in Python 3.14
-------------------------------
-
-* Creating immutable types (:c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_IMMUTABLETYPE`) with mutable
-  bases using the C API.
-
-* Functions to configure the Python initialization, deprecated in Python 3.11:
-
-  * ``PySys_SetArgvEx()``: set :c:member:`PyConfig.argv` instead.
-  * ``PySys_SetArgv()``: set :c:member:`PyConfig.argv` instead.
-  * ``Py_SetProgramName()``: set :c:member:`PyConfig.program_name` instead.
-  * ``Py_SetPythonHome()``: set :c:member:`PyConfig.home` instead.
-
-  The :c:func:`Py_InitializeFromConfig` API should be used with
-  :c:type:`PyConfig` instead.
-
-* Global configuration variables:
-
-  * :c:var:`Py_DebugFlag`: use :c:member:`PyConfig.parser_debug`
-  * :c:var:`Py_VerboseFlag`: use :c:member:`PyConfig.verbose`
-  * :c:var:`Py_QuietFlag`: use :c:member:`PyConfig.quiet`
-  * :c:var:`Py_InteractiveFlag`: use :c:member:`PyConfig.interactive`
-  * :c:var:`Py_InspectFlag`: use :c:member:`PyConfig.inspect`
-  * :c:var:`Py_OptimizeFlag`: use :c:member:`PyConfig.optimization_level`
-  * :c:var:`Py_NoSiteFlag`: use :c:member:`PyConfig.site_import`
-  * :c:var:`Py_BytesWarningFlag`: use :c:member:`PyConfig.bytes_warning`
-  * :c:var:`Py_FrozenFlag`: use :c:member:`PyConfig.pathconfig_warnings`
-  * :c:var:`Py_IgnoreEnvironmentFlag`: use :c:member:`PyConfig.use_environment`
-  * :c:var:`Py_DontWriteBytecodeFlag`: use :c:member:`PyConfig.write_bytecode`
-  * :c:var:`Py_NoUserSiteDirectory`: use :c:member:`PyConfig.user_site_directory`
-  * :c:var:`Py_UnbufferedStdioFlag`: use :c:member:`PyConfig.buffered_stdio`
-  * :c:var:`Py_HashRandomizationFlag`: use :c:member:`PyConfig.use_hash_seed`
-    and :c:member:`PyConfig.hash_seed`
-  * :c:var:`Py_IsolatedFlag`: use :c:member:`PyConfig.isolated`
-  * :c:var:`Py_LegacyWindowsFSEncodingFlag`: use :c:member:`PyPreConfig.legacy_windows_fs_encoding`
-  * :c:var:`Py_LegacyWindowsStdioFlag`: use :c:member:`PyConfig.legacy_windows_stdio`
-  * :c:var:`!Py_FileSystemDefaultEncoding`: use :c:member:`PyConfig.filesystem_encoding`
-  * :c:var:`!Py_HasFileSystemDefaultEncoding`: use :c:member:`PyConfig.filesystem_encoding`
-  * :c:var:`!Py_FileSystemDefaultEncodeErrors`: use :c:member:`PyConfig.filesystem_errors`
-  * :c:var:`!Py_UTF8Mode`: use :c:member:`PyPreConfig.utf8_mode` (see :c:func:`Py_PreInitialize`)
-
-  The :c:func:`Py_InitializeFromConfig` API should be used with
-  :c:type:`PyConfig` instead.
-
-Pending Removal in Python 3.15
-------------------------------
-
-* The bundled copy of ``libmpdecimal``.
-* :c:func:`PyImport_ImportModuleNoBlock`: use :c:func:`PyImport_ImportModule`.
-* :c:func:`PyWeakref_GET_OBJECT`: use :c:func:`PyWeakref_GetRef` instead.
-* :c:func:`PyWeakref_GetObject`: use :c:func:`PyWeakref_GetRef` instead.
-* :c:type:`!Py_UNICODE_WIDE` type: use :c:type:`wchar_t` instead.
-* :c:type:`Py_UNICODE` type: use :c:type:`wchar_t` instead.
-* Python initialization functions:
-
-  * :c:func:`PySys_ResetWarnOptions`: clear :data:`sys.warnoptions` and
-    :data:`!warnings.filters` instead.
-  * :c:func:`Py_GetExecPrefix`: get :data:`sys.exec_prefix` instead.
-  * :c:func:`Py_GetPath`: get :data:`sys.path` instead.
-  * :c:func:`Py_GetPrefix`: get :data:`sys.prefix` instead.
-  * :c:func:`Py_GetProgramFullPath`: get :data:`sys.executable` instead.
-  * :c:func:`Py_GetProgramName`: get :data:`sys.executable` instead.
-  * :c:func:`Py_GetPythonHome`: get :c:member:`PyConfig.home` or
-    :envvar:`PYTHONHOME` environment variable instead.
-
-Pending Removal in Future Versions
-----------------------------------
-
-The following APIs were deprecated in earlier Python versions and will be
-removed, although there is currently no date scheduled for their removal.
-
-* :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_FINALIZE`: no needed since Python 3.8.
-* :c:func:`PyErr_Fetch`: use :c:func:`PyErr_GetRaisedException`.
-* :c:func:`PyErr_NormalizeException`: use :c:func:`PyErr_GetRaisedException`.
-* :c:func:`PyErr_Restore`: use :c:func:`PyErr_SetRaisedException`.
-* :c:func:`PyModule_GetFilename`: use :c:func:`PyModule_GetFilenameObject`.
-* :c:func:`PyOS_AfterFork`: use :c:func:`PyOS_AfterFork_Child()`.
-* :c:func:`PySlice_GetIndicesEx`.
-* :c:func:`!PyUnicode_AsDecodedObject`.
-* :c:func:`!PyUnicode_AsDecodedUnicode`.
-* :c:func:`!PyUnicode_AsEncodedObject`.
-* :c:func:`!PyUnicode_AsEncodedUnicode`.
-* :c:func:`PyUnicode_READY`: not needed since Python 3.12.
-* :c:func:`!_PyErr_ChainExceptions`.
-* :c:member:`!PyBytesObject.ob_shash` member:
-  call :c:func:`PyObject_Hash` instead.
-* :c:member:`!PyDictObject.ma_version_tag` member.
-* TLS API:
-
-  * :c:func:`PyThread_create_key`: use :c:func:`PyThread_tss_alloc`.
-  * :c:func:`PyThread_delete_key`: use :c:func:`PyThread_tss_free`.
-  * :c:func:`PyThread_set_key_value`: use :c:func:`PyThread_tss_set`.
-  * :c:func:`PyThread_get_key_value`: use :c:func:`PyThread_tss_get`.
-  * :c:func:`PyThread_delete_key_value`: use :c:func:`PyThread_tss_delete`.
-  * :c:func:`PyThread_ReInitTLS`: no longer needed.
-
-* Remove undocumented ``PY_TIMEOUT_MAX`` constant from the limited C API.
-  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`110014`.)
-
+* :ref:`PEP 667 <whatsnew313-locals-semantics>` introduces several changes
+  to frame-related functions:
+
+  * The effects of mutating the dictionary returned from
+    :c:func:`PyEval_GetLocals` in an :term:`optimized scope` have changed.
+    New dict entries added this way will now *only* be visible to
+    subsequent :c:func:`PyEval_GetLocals` calls in that frame,
+    as :c:func:`PyFrame_GetLocals`, :func:`locals`,
+    and :attr:`FrameType.f_locals <frame.f_locals>` no longer access
+    the same underlying cached dictionary.
+    Changes made to entries for actual variable names and names added via
+    the write-through proxy interfaces will be overwritten on subsequent calls
+    to :c:func:`PyEval_GetLocals` in that frame.
+    The recommended code update depends on how the function was being used,
+    so refer to the deprecation notice on the function for details.
+
+  * Calling :c:func:`PyFrame_GetLocals` in an :term:`optimized scope`
+    now returns a write-through proxy rather than a snapshot
+    that gets updated at ill-specified times.
+    If a snapshot is desired, it must be created explicitly
+    (e.g. with :c:func:`PyDict_Copy`),
+    or by calling the new :c:func:`PyEval_GetFrameLocals` API.
+
+  * :c:func:`!PyFrame_FastToLocals` and :c:func:`!PyFrame_FastToLocalsWithError`
+    no longer have any effect.
+    Calling these functions has been redundant since Python 3.11,
+    when :c:func:`PyFrame_GetLocals` was first introduced.
+
+  * :c:func:`!PyFrame_LocalsToFast` no longer has any effect.
+    Calling this function is redundant now that :c:func:`PyFrame_GetLocals`
+    returns a write-through proxy for :term:`optimized scopes <optimized scope>`.
 
 Regression Test Changes
 =======================
diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/3.14.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/3.14.rst
index b2dd80b64a691a..a6f595ccf08bf4 100644
--- a/Doc/whatsnew/3.14.rst
+++ b/Doc/whatsnew/3.14.rst
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 
 ****************************
-  What's New In Python 3.14
+  What's new in Python 3.14
 ****************************
 
 :Editor: TBD
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ For full details, see the :ref:`changelog <changelog>`.
    so it's worth checking back even after reading earlier versions.
 
 
-Summary -- Release highlights
+Summary -- release highlights
 =============================
 
 .. This section singles out the most important changes in Python 3.14.
@@ -67,47 +67,451 @@ Summary -- Release highlights
 
 
 
-New Features
+New features
 ============
 
+.. _whatsnew314-pep649:
+
+PEP 649: deferred evaluation of annotations
+-------------------------------------------
+
+The :term:`annotations <annotation>` on functions, classes, and modules are no
+longer evaluated eagerly. Instead, annotations are stored in special-purpose
+:term:`annotate functions <annotate function>` and evaluated only when
+necessary. This is specified in :pep:`649` and :pep:`749`.
+
+This change is designed to make annotations in Python more performant and more
+usable in most circumstances. The runtime cost for defining annotations is
+minimized, but it remains possible to introspect annotations at runtime.
+It is usually no longer necessary to enclose annotations in strings if they
+contain forward references.
+
+The new :mod:`annotationlib` module provides tools for inspecting deferred
+annotations. Annotations may be evaluated in the :attr:`~annotationlib.Format.VALUE`
+format (which evaluates annotations to runtime values, similar to the behavior in
+earlier Python versions), the :attr:`~annotationlib.Format.FORWARDREF` format
+(which replaces undefined names with special markers), and the
+:attr:`~annotationlib.Format.STRING` format (which returns annotations as strings).
+
+This example shows how these formats behave:
+
+.. doctest::
+
+   >>> from annotationlib import get_annotations, Format
+   >>> def func(arg: Undefined):
+   ...     pass
+   >>> get_annotations(func, format=Format.VALUE)
+   Traceback (most recent call last):
+     ...
+   NameError: name 'Undefined' is not defined
+   >>> get_annotations(func, format=Format.FORWARDREF)
+   {'arg': ForwardRef('Undefined')}
+   >>> get_annotations(func, format=Format.STRING)
+   {'arg': 'Undefined'}
+
+Implications for annotated code
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+If you define annotations in your code (for example, for use with a static type
+checker), then this change probably does not affect you: you can keep
+writing annotations the same way you did with previous versions of Python.
+
+You will likely be able to remove quoted strings in annotations, which are frequently
+used for forward references. Similarly, if you use ``from __future__ import annotations``
+to avoid having to write strings in annotations, you may well be able to
+remove that import. However, if you rely on third-party libraries that read annotations,
+those libraries may need changes to support unquoted annotations before they
+work as expected.
+
+Implications for readers of ``__annotations__``
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+If your code reads the ``__annotations__`` attribute on objects, you may want
+to make changes in order to support code that relies on deferred evaluation of
+annotations. For example, you may want to use :func:`annotationlib.get_annotations`
+with the :attr:`~annotationlib.Format.FORWARDREF` format, as the :mod:`dataclasses`
+module now does.
+
+Related changes
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+The changes in Python 3.14 are designed to rework how ``__annotations__``
+works at runtime while minimizing breakage to code that contains
+annotations in source code and to code that reads ``__annotations__``. However,
+if you rely on undocumented details of the annotation behavior or on private
+functions in the standard library, there are many ways in which your code may
+not work in Python 3.14. To safeguard your code against future changes,
+use only the documented functionality of the :mod:`annotationlib` module.
+
+``from __future__ import annotations``
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+In Python 3.7, :pep:`563` introduced the ``from __future__ import annotations``
+directive, which turns all annotations into strings. This directive is now
+considered deprecated and it is expected to be removed in a future version of Python.
+However, this removal will not happen until after Python 3.13, the last version of
+Python without deferred evaluation of annotations, reaches its end of life in 2029.
+In Python 3.14, the behavior of code using ``from __future__ import annotations``
+is unchanged.
+
+
+Improved error messages
+-----------------------
+
+* When unpacking assignment fails due to incorrect number of variables, the
+  error message prints the received number of values in more cases than before.
+  (Contributed by Tushar Sadhwani in :gh:`122239`.)
+
+  .. code-block:: pycon
+
+     >>> x, y, z = 1, 2, 3, 4
+     Traceback (most recent call last):
+       File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
+         x, y, z = 1, 2, 3, 4
+         ^^^^^^^
+     ValueError: too many values to unpack (expected 3, got 4)
+
+
+Other language changes
+======================
 
+* Incorrect usage of :keyword:`await` and asynchronous comprehensions
+  is now detected even if the code is optimized away by the :option:`-O`
+  command-line option. For example, ``python -O -c 'assert await 1'``
+  now produces a :exc:`SyntaxError`. (Contributed by Jelle Zijlstra in :gh:`121637`.)
 
-Other Language Changes
-======================
+* Writes to ``__debug__`` are now detected even if the code is optimized
+  away by the :option:`-O` command-line option. For example,
+  ``python -O -c 'assert (__debug__ := 1)'`` now produces a
+  :exc:`SyntaxError`. (Contributed by Irit Katriel in :gh:`122245`.)
+
+* Add class methods :meth:`float.from_number` and :meth:`complex.from_number`
+  to convert a number to :class:`float` or :class:`complex` type correspondingly.
+  They raise an error if the argument is a string.
+  (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`84978`.)
+
+* :class:`super` objects are now :mod:`pickleable <pickle>` and
+  :mod:`copyable <copy>`.
+  (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`125767`.)
 
+* The :class:`memoryview` type now supports subscription,
+  making it a :term:`generic type`.
+  (Contributed by Brian Schubert in :gh:`126012`.)
 
 
-New Modules
+New modules
 ===========
 
-* None yet.
+* :mod:`annotationlib`: For introspecting :term:`annotations <annotation>`.
+  See :pep:`749` for more details.
+  (Contributed by Jelle Zijlstra in :gh:`119180`.)
 
 
-Improved Modules
+Improved modules
 ================
 
+argparse
+--------
+
+* The default value of the :ref:`program name <prog>` for
+  :class:`argparse.ArgumentParser` now reflects the way the Python
+  interpreter was instructed to find the ``__main__`` module code.
+  (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka and Alyssa Coghlan in :gh:`66436`.)
+
+* Introduced the optional *suggest_on_error* parameter to
+  :class:`argparse.ArgumentParser`, enabling suggestions for argument choices
+  and subparser names if mistyped by the user.
+  (Contributed by Savannah Ostrowski in :gh:`124456`)
+
 ast
 ---
 
-Added :func:`ast.compare` for comparing two ASTs.
-(Contributed by Batuhan Taskaya and Jeremy Hylton in :issue:`15987`.)
+* Add :func:`ast.compare` for comparing two ASTs.
+  (Contributed by Batuhan Taskaya and Jeremy Hylton in :gh:`60191`.)
+
+* Add support for :func:`copy.replace` for AST nodes.
+  (Contributed by Bénédikt Tran in :gh:`121141`.)
+
+* Docstrings are now removed from an optimized AST in optimization level 2.
+  (Contributed by Irit Katriel in :gh:`123958`.)
+
+* The ``repr()`` output for AST nodes now includes more information.
+  (Contributed by Tomas R in :gh:`116022`.)
+
+concurrent.futures
+------------------
+
+* Add :class:`~concurrent.futures.InterpreterPoolExecutor`,
+  which exposes "subinterpreters (multiple Python interpreters in the
+  same process) to Python code.  This is separate from the proposed API
+  in :pep:`734`.
+  (Contributed by Eric Snow in :gh:`124548`.)
+
+ctypes
+------
+
+* The layout of :ref:`bit fields <ctypes-bit-fields-in-structures-unions>`
+  in :class:`~ctypes.Structure` and :class:`~ctypes.Union`
+  now matches platform defaults (GCC/Clang or MVSC) more closely.
+  In particular, fields no longer overlap.
+  (Contributed by Matthias Görgens in :gh:`97702`.)
+
+* The :attr:`.Structure._layout_` class attribute can now be set
+  to help match a non-default ABI.
+  (Contributed by Petr Viktorin in :gh:`97702`.)
+
+decimal
+-------
+
+* Add alternative :class:`~decimal.Decimal` constructor
+  :meth:`Decimal.from_number() <decimal.Decimal.from_number>`.
+  (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`121798`.)
+
+datetime
+--------
+
+* Add :meth:`datetime.time.strptime` and :meth:`datetime.date.strptime`.
+  (Contributed by Wannes Boeykens in :gh:`41431`.)
+
+dis
+---
+
+* Add support for rendering full source location information of
+  :class:`instructions <dis.Instruction>`, rather than only the line number.
+  This feature is added to the following interfaces via the *show_positions*
+  keyword argument:
+
+  - :class:`dis.Bytecode`
+  - :func:`dis.dis`
+  - :func:`dis.distb`
+  - :func:`dis.disassemble`
+
+  This feature is also exposed via :option:`dis --show-positions`.
+  (Contributed by Bénédikt Tran in :gh:`123165`.)
+
+
+fractions
+---------
+
+* Add support for converting any objects that have the
+  :meth:`!as_integer_ratio` method to a :class:`~fractions.Fraction`.
+  (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`82017`.)
+
+* Add alternative :class:`~fractions.Fraction` constructor
+  :meth:`Fraction.from_number() <fractions.Fraction.from_number>`.
+  (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`121797`.)
+
+
+functools
+---------
+
+* Add support to :func:`functools.partial` and
+  :func:`functools.partialmethod` for :data:`functools.Placeholder` sentinels
+  to reserve a place for positional arguments.
+  (Contributed by Dominykas Grigonis in :gh:`119127`.)
+
+
+http
+----
+
+* Directory lists and error pages generated by the :mod:`http.server`
+  module allow the browser to apply its default dark mode.
+  (Contributed by Yorik Hansen in :gh:`123430`.)
+
+
+inspect
+-------
+
+* :func:`inspect.signature` takes a new argument *annotation_format* to control
+  the :class:`annotationlib.Format` used for representing annotations.
+  (Contributed by Jelle Zijlstra in :gh:`101552`.)
+
+* :meth:`inspect.Signature.format` takes a new argument *unquote_annotations*.
+  If true, string :term:`annotations <annotation>` are displayed without surrounding quotes.
+  (Contributed by Jelle Zijlstra in :gh:`101552`.)
+
+* Add function :func:`inspect.ispackage` to determine whether an object is a
+  :term:`package` or not.
+  (Contributed by Zhikang Yan in :gh:`125634`.)
+
+
+json
+----
+
+* Add notes for JSON serialization errors that allow to identify the source
+  of the error.
+  (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`122163`.)
+
+* Enable the :mod:`json` module to work as a script using the :option:`-m`
+  switch: :program:`python -m json`.
+  See the :ref:`JSON command-line interface <json-commandline>` documentation.
+  (Contributed by Trey Hunner in :gh:`122873`.)
+
+
+operator
+--------
+
+* Two new functions :func:`operator.is_none` and :func:`operator.is_not_none`
+  have been added, such that ``operator.is_none(obj)`` is equivalent
+  to ``obj is None`` and ``operator.is_not_none(obj)`` is equivalent
+  to ``obj is not None``.
+  (Contributed by Raymond Hettinger and Nico Mexis in :gh:`115808`.)
+
+
+os
+--
+
+* Add the :data:`os.environ.refresh() <os.environ>` method to update
+  :data:`os.environ` with changes to the environment made by :func:`os.putenv`,
+  by :func:`os.unsetenv`, or made outside Python in the same process.
+  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`120057`.)
+
+
+pathlib
+-------
+
+* Add methods to :class:`pathlib.Path` to recursively copy or move files and
+  directories:
+
+  * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.copy` copies a file or directory tree to a destination.
+  * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.copy_into` copies *into* a destination directory.
+  * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.move` moves a file or directory tree to a destination.
+  * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.move_into` moves *into* a destination directory.
+
+  (Contributed by Barney Gale in :gh:`73991`.)
+
+
+pdb
+---
+
+* Hardcoded breakpoints (:func:`breakpoint` and :func:`pdb.set_trace`) now
+  reuse the most recent :class:`~pdb.Pdb` instance that calls
+  :meth:`~pdb.Pdb.set_trace`, instead of creating a new one each time.
+  As a result, all the instance specific data like :pdbcmd:`display` and
+  :pdbcmd:`commands` are preserved across hardcoded breakpoints.
+  (Contributed by Tian Gao in :gh:`121450`.)
+
+* Add a new argument *mode* to :class:`pdb.Pdb`. Disable the ``restart``
+  command when :mod:`pdb` is in ``inline`` mode.
+  (Contributed by Tian Gao in :gh:`123757`.)
+
+pickle
+------
+
+* Set the default protocol version on the :mod:`pickle` module to 5.
+  For more details, see :ref:`pickle protocols <pickle-protocols>`.
+
+* Add notes for pickle serialization errors that allow to identify the source
+  of the error.
+  (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`122213`.)
+
+pydoc
+-----
+
+* :term:`Annotations <annotation>` in help output are now usually
+  displayed in a format closer to that in the original source.
+  (Contributed by Jelle Zijlstra in :gh:`101552`.)
+
+
+symtable
+--------
+
+* Expose the following :class:`symtable.Symbol` methods:
+
+  * :meth:`~symtable.Symbol.is_comp_cell`
+  * :meth:`~symtable.Symbol.is_comp_iter`
+  * :meth:`~symtable.Symbol.is_free_class`
+
+  (Contributed by Bénédikt Tran in :gh:`120029`.)
+
+
+sys
+---
+
+* The previously undocumented special function :func:`sys.getobjects`,
+  which only exists in specialized builds of Python, may now return objects
+  from other interpreters than the one it's called in.
 
 
+unicodedata
+-----------
+
+* The Unicode database has been updated to Unicode 16.0.0.
+
+
+unittest
+--------
+
+* unittest discovery supports :term:`namespace package` as start
+  directory again. It was removed in Python 3.11.
+  (Contributed by Jacob Walls in :gh:`80958`.)
+
+
+.. Add improved modules above alphabetically, not here at the end.
 
 Optimizations
 =============
 
+asyncio
+-------
 
-
+* :mod:`asyncio` now uses double linked list implementation for native tasks
+  which speeds up execution by 10% on standard pyperformance benchmarks and
+  reduces memory usage.
+  (Contributed by Kumar Aditya in :gh:`107803`.)
 
 Deprecated
 ==========
 
-* Passing a complex number as the *real* or *imag* argument in the
+* :mod:`argparse`:
+  Passing the undocumented keyword argument *prefix_chars* to
+  :meth:`~argparse.ArgumentParser.add_argument_group` is now
+  deprecated.
+  (Contributed by Savannah Ostrowski in :gh:`125563`.)
+
+* :mod:`asyncio`:
+  :func:`!asyncio.iscoroutinefunction` is deprecated
+  and will be removed in Python 3.16,
+  use :func:`inspect.iscoroutinefunction` instead.
+  (Contributed by Jiahao Li and Kumar Aditya in :gh:`122875`.)
+
+* :mod:`builtins`:
+  Passing a complex number as the *real* or *imag* argument in the
   :func:`complex` constructor is now deprecated; it should only be passed
   as a single positional argument.
   (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`109218`.)
 
+* :mod:`argparse`:
+  Deprecated the :class:`argparse.FileType` type converter.
+  Anything with resource management should be done downstream after the
+  arguments are parsed.
+  (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`58032`.)
+
+* :mod:`multiprocessing` and :mod:`concurrent.futures`:
+  The default start method (see :ref:`multiprocessing-start-methods`) changed
+  away from *fork* to *forkserver* on platforms where it was not already
+  *spawn* (Windows & macOS). If you require the threading incompatible *fork*
+  start method you must explicitly specify it when using :mod:`multiprocessing`
+  or :mod:`concurrent.futures` APIs.
+  (Contributed by Gregory P. Smith in :gh:`84559`.)
+
+* :mod:`os`:
+  :term:`Soft deprecate <soft deprecated>` :func:`os.popen` and
+  :func:`os.spawn* <os.spawnl>` functions. They should no longer be used to
+  write new code.  The :mod:`subprocess` module is recommended instead.
+  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`120743`.)
+
+* :mod:`symtable`:
+  Deprecate :meth:`symtable.Class.get_methods` due to the lack of interest.
+  (Contributed by Bénédikt Tran in :gh:`119698`.)
+
+.. Add deprecations above alphabetically, not here at the end.
+
+.. include:: ../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst
+
+.. include:: ../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.rst
+
+.. include:: ../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst
 
 Removed
 =======
@@ -125,17 +529,17 @@ ast
 * Remove the following classes. They were all deprecated since Python 3.8,
   and have emitted deprecation warnings since Python 3.12:
 
-  * :class:`!ast.Num`
-  * :class:`!ast.Str`
   * :class:`!ast.Bytes`
-  * :class:`!ast.NameConstant`
   * :class:`!ast.Ellipsis`
+  * :class:`!ast.NameConstant`
+  * :class:`!ast.Num`
+  * :class:`!ast.Str`
 
   Use :class:`ast.Constant` instead. As a consequence of these removals,
   user-defined ``visit_Num``, ``visit_Str``, ``visit_Bytes``,
   ``visit_NameConstant`` and ``visit_Ellipsis`` methods on custom
   :class:`ast.NodeVisitor` subclasses will no longer be called when the
-  ``NodeVisitor`` subclass is visiting an AST. Define a ``visit_Constant``
+  :class:`!NodeVisitor` subclass is visiting an AST. Define a ``visit_Constant``
   method instead.
 
   Also, remove the following deprecated properties on :class:`ast.Constant`,
@@ -148,6 +552,25 @@ ast
 
   (Contributed by Alex Waygood in :gh:`119562`.)
 
+asyncio
+-------
+
+* Remove the following classes and functions. They were all deprecated and
+  emitted deprecation warnings since Python 3.12:
+
+  * :func:`!asyncio.get_child_watcher`
+  * :func:`!asyncio.set_child_watcher`
+  * :meth:`!asyncio.AbstractEventLoopPolicy.get_child_watcher`
+  * :meth:`!asyncio.AbstractEventLoopPolicy.set_child_watcher`
+  * :class:`!asyncio.AbstractChildWatcher`
+  * :class:`!asyncio.FastChildWatcher`
+  * :class:`!asyncio.MultiLoopChildWatcher`
+  * :class:`!asyncio.PidfdChildWatcher`
+  * :class:`!asyncio.SafeChildWatcher`
+  * :class:`!asyncio.ThreadedChildWatcher`
+
+  (Contributed by Kumar Aditya in :gh:`120804`.)
+
 collections.abc
 ---------------
 
@@ -194,7 +617,7 @@ pathlib
   arguments are joined onto *other*.
 
 pty
-___
+---
 
 * Remove deprecated :func:`!pty.master_open` and :func:`!pty.slave_open`.
   They had previously raised a :exc:`DeprecationWarning` since Python 3.12.
@@ -244,23 +667,136 @@ Porting to Python 3.14
 This section lists previously described changes and other bugfixes
 that may require changes to your code.
 
+Changes in the Python API
+-------------------------
+
+* :class:`functools.partial` is now a method descriptor.
+  Wrap it in :func:`staticmethod` if you want to preserve the old behavior.
+  (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka and Dominykas Grigonis in :gh:`121027`.)
+
+* The :func:`locale.nl_langinfo` function now sets temporarily the ``LC_CTYPE``
+  locale in some cases.
+  This temporary change affects other threads.
+  (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`69998`.)
 
-Build Changes
+
+Build changes
 =============
 
 
-C API Changes
+C API changes
 =============
 
-New Features
+New features
 ------------
 
 * Add :c:func:`PyLong_GetSign` function to get the sign of :class:`int` objects.
   (Contributed by Sergey B Kirpichev in :gh:`116560`.)
 
+* Add a new :c:type:`PyUnicodeWriter` API to create a Python :class:`str`
+  object:
+
+  * :c:func:`PyUnicodeWriter_Create`
+  * :c:func:`PyUnicodeWriter_DecodeUTF8Stateful`
+  * :c:func:`PyUnicodeWriter_Discard`
+  * :c:func:`PyUnicodeWriter_Finish`
+  * :c:func:`PyUnicodeWriter_Format`
+  * :c:func:`PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar`
+  * :c:func:`PyUnicodeWriter_WriteRepr`
+  * :c:func:`PyUnicodeWriter_WriteStr`
+  * :c:func:`PyUnicodeWriter_WriteSubstring`
+  * :c:func:`PyUnicodeWriter_WriteUCS4`
+  * :c:func:`PyUnicodeWriter_WriteUTF8`
+  * :c:func:`PyUnicodeWriter_WriteWideChar`
+
+  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`119182`.)
+
+* Add :c:func:`PyIter_NextItem` to replace :c:func:`PyIter_Next`,
+  which has an ambiguous return value.
+  (Contributed by Irit Katriel and Erlend Aasland in :gh:`105201`.)
+
+* :c:func:`Py_Finalize` now deletes all interned strings. This
+  is backwards incompatible to any C-Extension that holds onto an interned
+  string after a call to :c:func:`Py_Finalize` and is then reused after a
+  call to :c:func:`Py_Initialize`.  Any issues arising from this behavior will
+  normally result in crashes during the execution of the subsequent call to
+  :c:func:`Py_Initialize` from accessing uninitialized memory. To fix, use
+  an address sanitizer to identify any use-after-free coming from
+  an interned string and deallocate it during module shutdown.
+  (Contributed by Eddie Elizondo in :gh:`113601`.)
+
+* Add new functions to convert C ``<stdint.h>`` numbers from/to Python
+  :class:`int`:
+
+  * :c:func:`PyLong_AsInt32`
+  * :c:func:`PyLong_AsInt64`
+  * :c:func:`PyLong_AsUInt32`
+  * :c:func:`PyLong_AsUInt64`
+  * :c:func:`PyLong_FromInt32`
+  * :c:func:`PyLong_FromInt64`
+  * :c:func:`PyLong_FromUInt32`
+  * :c:func:`PyLong_FromUInt64`
+
+  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`120389`.)
+
+* Add :c:func:`PyBytes_Join(sep, iterable) <PyBytes_Join>` function,
+  similar to ``sep.join(iterable)`` in Python.
+  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`121645`.)
+
+* Add :c:func:`Py_HashBuffer` to compute and return the hash value of a buffer.
+  (Contributed by Antoine Pitrou and Victor Stinner in :gh:`122854`.)
+
+* Add functions to get and set the current runtime Python configuration
+  (:pep:`741`):
+
+  * :c:func:`PyConfig_Get`
+  * :c:func:`PyConfig_GetInt`
+  * :c:func:`PyConfig_Set`
+  * :c:func:`PyConfig_Names`
+
+  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`107954`.)
+
+* Add functions to configure the Python initialization (:pep:`741`):
+
+  * :c:func:`Py_InitializeFromInitConfig`
+  * :c:func:`PyInitConfig_AddModule`
+  * :c:func:`PyInitConfig_Create`
+  * :c:func:`PyInitConfig_Free`
+  * :c:func:`PyInitConfig_FreeStrList`
+  * :c:func:`PyInitConfig_GetError`
+  * :c:func:`PyInitConfig_GetExitCode`
+  * :c:func:`PyInitConfig_GetInt`
+  * :c:func:`PyInitConfig_GetStr`
+  * :c:func:`PyInitConfig_GetStrList`
+  * :c:func:`PyInitConfig_HasOption`
+  * :c:func:`PyInitConfig_SetInt`
+  * :c:func:`PyInitConfig_SetStr`
+  * :c:func:`PyInitConfig_SetStrList`
+
+  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`107954`.)
+
+* Add :c:func:`PyType_GetBaseByToken` and :c:data:`Py_tp_token` slot for easier
+  superclass identification, which attempts to resolve the `type checking issue
+  <https://peps.python.org/pep-0630/#type-checking>`__ mentioned in :pep:`630`
+  (:gh:`124153`).
+
+* Add :c:func:`PyUnicode_Equal` function to the limited C API:
+  test if two strings are equal.
+  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`124502`.)
+
+
+* Add :c:func:`PyType_Freeze` function to make a type immutable.
+  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`121654`.)
+
 Porting to Python 3.14
 ----------------------
 
+* In the limited C API 3.14 and newer, :c:func:`Py_TYPE` and
+  :c:func:`Py_REFCNT` are now implemented as an opaque function call to hide
+  implementation details.
+  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`120600` and :gh:`124127`.)
+
+
 Deprecated
 ----------
 
@@ -270,6 +806,12 @@ Deprecated
   :c:macro:`!isfinite` available from :file:`math.h`
   since C99.  (Contributed by Sergey B Kirpichev in :gh:`119613`.)
 
+.. Add C API deprecations above alphabetically, not here at the end.
+
+.. include:: ../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.15.rst
+
+.. include:: ../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst
+
 Removed
 -------
 
diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/3.2.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/3.2.rst
index a6b38207b70c93..7104904c956a7a 100644
--- a/Doc/whatsnew/3.2.rst
+++ b/Doc/whatsnew/3.2.rst
@@ -312,8 +312,8 @@ cluttering source directories, the *pyc* files are now collected in a
 Aside from the filenames and target directories, the new scheme has a few
 aspects that are visible to the programmer:
 
-* Imported modules now have a :attr:`__cached__` attribute which stores the name
-  of the actual file that was imported:
+* Imported modules now have a :attr:`~module.__cached__` attribute which stores
+  the name of the actual file that was imported:
 
    >>> import collections
    >>> collections.__cached__ # doctest: +SKIP
@@ -531,7 +531,7 @@ Some smaller changes made to the core Python language are:
 
   (Proposed and implemented by Mark Dickinson; :issue:`9337`.)
 
-* :class:`memoryview` objects now have a :meth:`~memoryview.release()` method
+* :class:`memoryview` objects now have a :meth:`~memoryview.release` method
   and they also now support the context management protocol.  This allows timely
   release of any resources that were acquired when requesting a buffer from the
   original object.
@@ -1312,7 +1312,7 @@ An early decision to limit the interoperability of various numeric types has
 been relaxed.  It is still unsupported (and ill-advised) to have implicit
 mixing in arithmetic expressions such as ``Decimal('1.1') + float('1.1')``
 because the latter loses information in the process of constructing the binary
-float.  However, since existing floating point value can be converted losslessly
+float.  However, since existing floating-point value can be converted losslessly
 to either a decimal or rational representation, it makes sense to add them to
 the constructor and to support mixed-type comparisons.
 
@@ -1325,7 +1325,7 @@ the constructor and to support mixed-type comparisons.
   and :class:`fractions.Fraction` (:issue:`2531` and :issue:`8188`).
 
 Similar changes were made to :class:`fractions.Fraction` so that the
-:meth:`~fractions.Fraction.from_float()` and :meth:`~fractions.Fraction.from_decimal`
+:meth:`~fractions.Fraction.from_float` and :meth:`~fractions.Fraction.from_decimal`
 methods are no longer needed (:issue:`8294`):
 
 >>> from decimal import Decimal
@@ -1622,7 +1622,7 @@ socket
 
 The :mod:`socket` module has two new improvements.
 
-* Socket objects now have a :meth:`~socket.socket.detach()` method which puts
+* Socket objects now have a :meth:`~socket.socket.detach` method which puts
   the socket into closed state without actually closing the underlying file
   descriptor.  The latter can then be reused for other purposes.
   (Added by Antoine Pitrou; :issue:`8524`.)
@@ -1650,7 +1650,7 @@ for secure (encrypted, authenticated) internet connections:
 * The :func:`ssl.wrap_socket() <ssl.SSLContext.wrap_socket>` constructor function now takes a *ciphers*
   argument.  The *ciphers* string lists the allowed encryption algorithms using
   the format described in the `OpenSSL documentation
-  <https://www.openssl.org/docs/man1.0.2/man1/ciphers.html#CIPHER-LIST-FORMAT>`__.
+  <https://docs.openssl.org/1.0.2/man1/ciphers/#cipher-list-format>`__.
 
 * When linked against recent versions of OpenSSL, the :mod:`ssl` module now
   supports the Server Name Indication extension to the TLS protocol, allowing
@@ -1859,11 +1859,11 @@ asyncore
 --------
 
 :class:`!asyncore.dispatcher` now provides a
-:meth:`!handle_accepted()` method
+:meth:`!handle_accepted` method
 returning a ``(sock, addr)`` pair which is called when a connection has actually
 been established with a new remote endpoint. This is supposed to be used as a
-replacement for old :meth:`!handle_accept()` and avoids
-the user  to call :meth:`!accept()` directly.
+replacement for old :meth:`!handle_accept` and avoids
+the user  to call :meth:`!accept` directly.
 
 (Contributed by Giampaolo Rodolà; :issue:`6706`.)
 
@@ -2321,7 +2321,7 @@ Multi-threading
   intervals and reduced overhead due to lock contention and the number of
   ensuing system calls.  The notion of a "check interval" to allow thread
   switches has been abandoned and replaced by an absolute duration expressed in
-  seconds.  This parameter is tunable through :func:`sys.setswitchinterval()`.
+  seconds.  This parameter is tunable through :func:`sys.setswitchinterval`.
   It currently defaults to 5 milliseconds.
 
   Additional details about the implementation can be read from a `python-dev
diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/3.3.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/3.3.rst
index 29b4034e32821c..f814c4e90d5719 100644
--- a/Doc/whatsnew/3.3.rst
+++ b/Doc/whatsnew/3.3.rst
@@ -549,9 +549,11 @@ separation of binary and text data).
 PEP 3155: Qualified name for classes and functions
 ==================================================
 
-Functions and class objects have a new ``__qualname__`` attribute representing
+Functions and class objects have a new :attr:`~definition.__qualname__`
+attribute representing
 the "path" from the module top-level to their definition.  For global functions
-and classes, this is the same as ``__name__``.  For other functions and classes,
+and classes, this is the same as :attr:`~definition.__name__`.
+For other functions and classes,
 it provides better information about where they were actually defined, and
 how they might be accessible from the global scope.
 
@@ -779,8 +781,8 @@ Other Language Changes
 Some smaller changes made to the core Python language are:
 
 * Added support for Unicode name aliases and named sequences.
-  Both :func:`unicodedata.lookup()` and ``'\N{...}'`` now resolve name aliases,
-  and :func:`unicodedata.lookup()` resolves named sequences too.
+  Both :func:`unicodedata.lookup` and ``'\N{...}'`` now resolve name aliases,
+  and :func:`unicodedata.lookup` resolves named sequences too.
 
   (Contributed by Ezio Melotti in :issue:`12753`.)
 
@@ -1097,12 +1099,12 @@ decimal
    C-module and libmpdec written by Stefan Krah.
 
 The new C version of the decimal module integrates the high speed libmpdec
-library for arbitrary precision correctly rounded decimal floating point
+library for arbitrary precision correctly rounded decimal floating-point
 arithmetic. libmpdec conforms to IBM's General Decimal Arithmetic Specification.
 
 Performance gains range from 10x for database applications to 100x for
 numerically intensive applications. These numbers are expected gains
-for standard precisions used in decimal floating point arithmetic. Since
+for standard precisions used in decimal floating-point arithmetic. Since
 the precision is user configurable, the exact figures may vary. For example,
 in integer bignum arithmetic the differences can be significantly higher.
 
diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/3.4.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/3.4.rst
index 8aef0f5ac26728..9d746b378995c3 100644
--- a/Doc/whatsnew/3.4.rst
+++ b/Doc/whatsnew/3.4.rst
@@ -215,13 +215,12 @@ automatic ``PATH`` modifications to have ``pip`` available from the command
 line by default, otherwise it can still be accessed through the Python
 launcher for Windows as ``py -m pip``.
 
-As `discussed in the PEP`__, platform packagers may choose not to install
+As :pep:`discussed in the PEP <0453#recommendations-for-downstream-distributors>`
+platform packagers may choose not to install
 these commands by default, as long as, when invoked, they provide clear and
 simple directions on how to install them on that platform (usually using
 the system package manager).
 
-__ https://peps.python.org/pep-0453/#recommendations-for-downstream-distributors
-
 .. note::
 
    To avoid conflicts between parallel Python 2 and Python 3 installations,
@@ -1495,7 +1494,7 @@ The dictionary returned by :meth:`.SSLSocket.getpeercert` contains additional
 stat
 ----
 
-The :mod:`stat` module is now backed by a C implementation in :mod:`_stat`. A C
+The :mod:`stat` module is now backed by a C implementation in :mod:`!_stat`. A C
 implementation is required as most of the values aren't standardized and
 are platform-dependent.  (Contributed by Christian Heimes in :issue:`11016`.)
 
@@ -1963,11 +1962,11 @@ Other Improvements
   <https://devguide.python.org/coverage/#measuring-coverage-of-c-code-with-gcov-and-lcov>`_
   will build python, run the test suite, and generate an HTML coverage report
   for the C codebase using ``gcov`` and `lcov
-  <https://ltp.sourceforge.net/coverage/lcov.php>`_.
+  <https://github.com/linux-test-project/lcov>`_.
 
 * The ``-R`` option to the :ref:`python regression test suite <regrtest>` now
   also checks for memory allocation leaks, using
-  :func:`sys.getallocatedblocks()`.  (Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in
+  :func:`sys.getallocatedblocks`.  (Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in
   :issue:`13390`.)
 
 * ``python -m`` now works with namespace packages.
@@ -2272,7 +2271,8 @@ Changes in the Python API
   :func:`super` and falling through all the way to the ABCs. For compatibility,
   catch both :exc:`NotImplementedError` or the appropriate exception as needed.
 
-* The module type now initializes the :attr:`__package__` and :attr:`__loader__`
+* The module type now initializes the :attr:`~module.__package__` and
+  :attr:`~module.__loader__`
   attributes to ``None`` by default. To determine if these attributes were set
   in a backwards-compatible fashion, use e.g.
   ``getattr(module, '__loader__', None) is not None``.  (:issue:`17115`.)
diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/3.5.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/3.5.rst
index cd8a903327cc2f..3f3f634171dab6 100644
--- a/Doc/whatsnew/3.5.rst
+++ b/Doc/whatsnew/3.5.rst
@@ -423,8 +423,8 @@ are declared in the annotations::
         return 'Hello ' + name
 
 While these annotations are available at runtime through the usual
-:attr:`__annotations__` attribute, *no automatic type checking happens at
-runtime*.  Instead, it is assumed that a separate off-line type checker
+:attr:`~object.__annotations__` attribute, *no automatic type checking happens
+at runtime*.  Instead, it is assumed that a separate off-line type checker
 (e.g. `mypy <https://mypy-lang.org>`_) will be used for on-demand
 source code analysis.
 
@@ -1667,7 +1667,7 @@ Both the :class:`!SMTPServer` and :class:`!SMTPChannel` classes now
 accept a *decode_data* keyword argument to determine if the ``DATA`` portion of
 the SMTP transaction is decoded using the ``"utf-8"`` codec or is instead
 provided to the
-:meth:`!SMTPServer.process_message()`
+:meth:`!SMTPServer.process_message`
 method as a byte string.  The default is ``True`` for backward compatibility
 reasons, but will change to ``False`` in Python 3.6.  If *decode_data* is set
 to ``False``, the ``process_message`` method must be prepared to accept keyword
@@ -1677,14 +1677,14 @@ arguments.
 The :class:`!SMTPServer` class now advertises the ``8BITMIME`` extension
 (:rfc:`6152`) if *decode_data* has been set ``True``.  If the client
 specifies ``BODY=8BITMIME`` on the ``MAIL`` command, it is passed to
-:meth:`!SMTPServer.process_message()`
+:meth:`!SMTPServer.process_message`
 via the *mail_options* keyword.
 (Contributed by Milan Oberkirch and R.  David Murray in :issue:`21795`.)
 
 The :class:`!SMTPServer` class now also supports the ``SMTPUTF8``
 extension (:rfc:`6531`: Internationalized Email).  If the client specified
 ``SMTPUTF8 BODY=8BITMIME`` on the ``MAIL`` command, they are passed to
-:meth:`!SMTPServer.process_message()`
+:meth:`!SMTPServer.process_message`
 via the *mail_options* keyword.  It is the responsibility of the
 ``process_message`` method to correctly handle the ``SMTPUTF8`` data.
 (Contributed by Milan Oberkirch in :issue:`21725`.)
@@ -1935,8 +1935,8 @@ specifying the namespace in which the code will be running.
 tkinter
 -------
 
-The :mod:`tkinter._fix` module used for setting up the Tcl/Tk environment
-on Windows has been replaced by a private function in the :mod:`_tkinter`
+The :mod:`!tkinter._fix` module used for setting up the Tcl/Tk environment
+on Windows has been replaced by a private function in the :mod:`!_tkinter`
 module which makes no permanent changes to environment variables.
 (Contributed by Zachary Ware in :issue:`20035`.)
 
@@ -2405,7 +2405,7 @@ Changes in the Python API
   error-prone and has been removed in Python 3.5.  See :issue:`13936` for full
   details.
 
-* The :meth:`ssl.SSLSocket.send()` method now raises either
+* The :meth:`ssl.SSLSocket.send` method now raises either
   :exc:`ssl.SSLWantReadError` or :exc:`ssl.SSLWantWriteError`
   on a non-blocking socket if the operation would block.  Previously,
   it would return ``0``.  (Contributed by Nikolaus Rath in :issue:`20951`.)
@@ -2526,9 +2526,9 @@ Changes in the C API
   to format the :func:`repr` of the object.
   (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`22453`.)
 
-* Because the lack of the :attr:`__module__` attribute breaks pickling and
+* Because the lack of the :attr:`~type.__module__` attribute breaks pickling and
   introspection, a deprecation warning is now raised for builtin types without
-  the :attr:`__module__` attribute.  This would be an AttributeError in
+  the :attr:`~type.__module__` attribute.  This will be an :exc:`AttributeError` in
   the future.
   (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`20204`.)
 
diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst
index 68ab43462b743a..2276fed60c8db3 100644
--- a/Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst
+++ b/Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst
@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ allowed.
 
 The :ref:`string formatting <formatspec>` language also now has support
 for the ``'_'`` option to signal the use of an underscore for a thousands
-separator for floating point presentation types and for integer
+separator for floating-point presentation types and for integer
 presentation type ``'d'``.  For integer presentation types ``'b'``,
 ``'o'``, ``'x'``, and ``'X'``, underscores will be inserted every 4
 digits::
@@ -511,10 +511,10 @@ correct.
 Prior to Python 3.6, data loss could result when using bytes paths on Windows.
 With this change, using bytes to represent paths is now supported on Windows,
 provided those bytes are encoded with the encoding returned by
-:func:`sys.getfilesystemencoding()`, which now defaults to ``'utf-8'``.
+:func:`sys.getfilesystemencoding`, which now defaults to ``'utf-8'``.
 
 Applications that do not use str to represent paths should use
-:func:`os.fsencode()` and :func:`os.fsdecode()` to ensure their bytes are
+:func:`os.fsencode` and :func:`os.fsdecode` to ensure their bytes are
 correctly encoded. To revert to the previous behaviour, set
 :envvar:`PYTHONLEGACYWINDOWSFSENCODING` or call
 :func:`sys._enablelegacywindowsfsencoding`.
@@ -549,7 +549,7 @@ PEP 520: Preserving Class Attribute Definition Order
 
 Attributes in a class definition body have a natural ordering: the same
 order in which the names appear in the source.  This order is now
-preserved in the new class's :attr:`~object.__dict__` attribute.
+preserved in the new class's :attr:`~type.__dict__` attribute.
 
 Also, the effective default class *execution* namespace (returned from
 :ref:`type.__prepare__() <prepare>`) is now an insertion-order-preserving
@@ -780,7 +780,7 @@ for managing secrets, such as account authentication, tokens, and similar.
 
   Note that the pseudo-random generators in the :mod:`random` module
   should *NOT* be used for security purposes.  Use :mod:`secrets`
-  on Python 3.6+ and :func:`os.urandom()` on Python 3.5 and earlier.
+  on Python 3.6+ and :func:`os.urandom` on Python 3.5 and earlier.
 
 .. seealso::
 
@@ -934,7 +934,7 @@ asynchronous generators.
 
 The :func:`~collections.namedtuple` function now accepts an optional
 keyword argument *module*, which, when specified, is used for
-the ``__module__`` attribute of the returned named tuple class.
+the :attr:`~type.__module__` attribute of the returned named tuple class.
 (Contributed by Raymond Hettinger in :issue:`17941`.)
 
 The *verbose* and *rename* arguments for
@@ -1316,7 +1316,7 @@ Storchaka in :issue:`24164`.)
 pickletools
 -----------
 
-:func:`pickletools.dis()` now outputs the implicit memo index for the
+:func:`pickletools.dis` now outputs the implicit memo index for the
 ``MEMOIZE`` opcode.
 (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`25382`.)
 
diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/3.7.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/3.7.rst
index 69d043bcf7efd5..2d433ef4759d52 100644
--- a/Doc/whatsnew/3.7.rst
+++ b/Doc/whatsnew/3.7.rst
@@ -339,7 +339,7 @@ PEP 564: New Time Functions With Nanosecond Resolution
 ------------------------------------------------------
 
 The resolution of clocks in modern systems can exceed the limited precision
-of a floating point number returned by the :func:`time.time` function
+of a floating-point number returned by the :func:`time.time` function
 and its variants.  To avoid loss of precision, :pep:`564` adds six new
 "nanosecond" variants of the existing timer functions to the :mod:`time`
 module:
@@ -353,7 +353,7 @@ module:
 
 The new functions return the number of nanoseconds as an integer value.
 
-`Measurements <https://peps.python.org/pep-0564/#annex-clocks-resolution-in-python>`_
+:pep:`Measurements <0564#annex-clocks-resolution-in-python>`
 show that on Linux and Windows the resolution of :func:`time.time_ns` is
 approximately 3 times better than that of :func:`time.time`.
 
@@ -603,7 +603,7 @@ The new :mod:`importlib.resources` module provides several new APIs and one
 new ABC for access to, opening, and reading *resources* inside packages.
 Resources are roughly similar to files inside packages, but they needn't
 be actual files on the physical file system.  Module loaders can provide a
-:meth:`get_resource_reader()` function which returns
+:meth:`get_resource_reader` function which returns
 a :class:`importlib.abc.ResourceReader` instance to support this
 new API.  Built-in file path loaders and zip file loaders both support this.
 
@@ -1133,7 +1133,7 @@ The MIME type of .bmp has been changed from ``'image/x-ms-bmp'`` to
 msilib
 ------
 
-The new :meth:`!Database.Close()` method can be used
+The new :meth:`!Database.Close` method can be used
 to close the :abbr:`MSI` database.
 (Contributed by Berker Peksag in :issue:`20486`.)
 
@@ -2017,11 +2017,11 @@ importlib
 ---------
 
 Methods
-:meth:`!MetaPathFinder.find_module()`
+:meth:`!MetaPathFinder.find_module`
 (replaced by
 :meth:`MetaPathFinder.find_spec() <importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder.find_spec>`)
 and
-:meth:`!PathEntryFinder.find_loader()`
+:meth:`!PathEntryFinder.find_loader`
 (replaced by
 :meth:`PathEntryFinder.find_spec() <importlib.abc.PathEntryFinder.find_spec>`)
 both deprecated in Python 3.4 now emit :exc:`DeprecationWarning`.
@@ -2048,7 +2048,7 @@ The :mod:`macpath` is now deprecated and will be removed in Python 3.8.
 threading
 ---------
 
-:mod:`dummy_threading` and :mod:`_dummy_thread` have been deprecated.  It is
+:mod:`!dummy_threading` and :mod:`!_dummy_thread` have been deprecated.  It is
 no longer possible to build Python with threading disabled.
 Use :mod:`threading` instead.
 (Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`31370`.)
@@ -2184,7 +2184,7 @@ The following features and APIs have been removed from Python 3.7:
   ``socket.socketpair`` on Python 3.5 and newer.
 
 * :mod:`asyncio` no longer exports the :mod:`selectors` and
-  :mod:`_overlapped` modules as ``asyncio.selectors`` and
+  :mod:`!_overlapped` modules as ``asyncio.selectors`` and
   ``asyncio._overlapped``. Replace ``from asyncio import selectors`` with
   ``import selectors``.
 
@@ -2366,7 +2366,7 @@ Changes in the Python API
   positions 2--3.  To match only blank lines, the pattern should be rewritten
   as ``r'(?m)^[^\S\n]*$'``.
 
-  :func:`re.sub()` now replaces empty matches adjacent to a previous
+  :func:`re.sub` now replaces empty matches adjacent to a previous
   non-empty match.  For example ``re.sub('x*', '-', 'abxd')`` returns now
   ``'-a-b--d-'`` instead of ``'-a-b-d-'`` (the first minus between 'b' and
   'd' replaces 'x', and the second minus replaces an empty string between
@@ -2425,7 +2425,7 @@ Changes in the Python API
   to :meth:`ArgumentParser.add_subparsers() <argparse.ArgumentParser.add_subparsers>`.
   (Contributed by Anthony Sottile in :issue:`26510`.)
 
-* :meth:`ast.literal_eval()` is now stricter.  Addition and subtraction of
+* :meth:`ast.literal_eval` is now stricter.  Addition and subtraction of
   arbitrary numbers are no longer allowed.
   (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`31778`.)
 
diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/3.8.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/3.8.rst
index 1356f24547b424..fc9f49e65af847 100644
--- a/Doc/whatsnew/3.8.rst
+++ b/Doc/whatsnew/3.8.rst
@@ -428,9 +428,9 @@ Other Language Changes
   normal assignment syntax::
 
     >>> def parse(family):
-            lastname, *members = family.split()
-            return lastname.upper(), *members
-
+    ...     lastname, *members = family.split()
+    ...     return lastname.upper(), *members
+    ...
     >>> parse('simpsons homer marge bart lisa maggie')
     ('SIMPSONS', 'homer', 'marge', 'bart', 'lisa', 'maggie')
 
@@ -936,7 +936,7 @@ Add option ``--json-lines`` to parse every input line as a separate JSON object.
 logging
 -------
 
-Added a *force* keyword argument to :func:`logging.basicConfig()`
+Added a *force* keyword argument to :func:`logging.basicConfig`
 When set to true, any existing handlers attached
 to the root logger are removed and closed before carrying out the
 configuration specified by the other arguments.
@@ -1077,16 +1077,16 @@ pathlib
 -------
 
 :mod:`pathlib.Path` methods that return a boolean result like
-:meth:`~pathlib.Path.exists()`, :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_dir()`,
-:meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_file()`, :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_mount()`,
-:meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_symlink()`, :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_block_device()`,
-:meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_char_device()`, :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_fifo()`,
-:meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_socket()` now return ``False`` instead of raising
+:meth:`~pathlib.Path.exists`, :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_dir`,
+:meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_file`, :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_mount`,
+:meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_symlink`, :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_block_device`,
+:meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_char_device`, :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_fifo`,
+:meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_socket` now return ``False`` instead of raising
 :exc:`ValueError` or its subclass :exc:`UnicodeEncodeError` for paths that
 contain characters unrepresentable at the OS level.
 (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`33721`.)
 
-Added :meth:`!pathlib.Path.link_to()` which creates a hard link pointing
+Added :meth:`!pathlib.Path.link_to` which creates a hard link pointing
 to a path.
 (Contributed by Joannah Nanjekye in :issue:`26978`)
 Note that ``link_to`` was deprecated in 3.10 and removed in 3.12 in
@@ -1170,13 +1170,13 @@ recursively removing their contents first.
 socket
 ------
 
-Added :meth:`~socket.create_server()` and :meth:`~socket.has_dualstack_ipv6()`
+Added :meth:`~socket.create_server` and :meth:`~socket.has_dualstack_ipv6`
 convenience functions to automate the necessary tasks usually involved when
 creating a server socket, including accepting both IPv4 and IPv6 connections
 on the same socket.  (Contributed by Giampaolo Rodolà in :issue:`17561`.)
 
-The :func:`socket.if_nameindex()`, :func:`socket.if_nametoindex()`, and
-:func:`socket.if_indextoname()` functions have been implemented on Windows.
+The :func:`socket.if_nameindex`, :func:`socket.if_nametoindex`, and
+:func:`socket.if_indextoname` functions have been implemented on Windows.
 (Contributed by Zackery Spytz in :issue:`37007`.)
 
 
@@ -1192,11 +1192,11 @@ post-handshake authentication.
 statistics
 ----------
 
-Added :func:`statistics.fmean` as a faster, floating point variant of
-:func:`statistics.mean()`.  (Contributed by Raymond Hettinger and
+Added :func:`statistics.fmean` as a faster, floating-point variant of
+:func:`statistics.mean`.  (Contributed by Raymond Hettinger and
 Steven D'Aprano in :issue:`35904`.)
 
-Added :func:`statistics.geometric_mean()`
+Added :func:`statistics.geometric_mean`
 (Contributed by Raymond Hettinger in :issue:`27181`.)
 
 Added :func:`statistics.multimode` that returns a list of the most
@@ -1367,10 +1367,10 @@ Added :class:`~unittest.mock.AsyncMock` to support an asynchronous version of
 have been added as well.
 (Contributed by Lisa Roach in :issue:`26467`).
 
-Added :func:`~unittest.addModuleCleanup()` and
-:meth:`~unittest.TestCase.addClassCleanup()` to unittest to support
-cleanups for :func:`~unittest.setUpModule()` and
-:meth:`~unittest.TestCase.setUpClass()`.
+Added :func:`~unittest.addModuleCleanup` and
+:meth:`~unittest.TestCase.addClassCleanup` to unittest to support
+cleanups for :func:`~unittest.setUpModule` and
+:meth:`~unittest.TestCase.setUpClass`.
 (Contributed by Lisa Roach in :issue:`24412`.)
 
 Several mock assert functions now also print a list of actual calls upon
@@ -1432,7 +1432,7 @@ and ``{namespace}*`` which returns all tags in the given namespace.
 (Contributed by Stefan Behnel in :issue:`28238`.)
 
 The :mod:`xml.etree.ElementTree` module provides a new function
-:func:`–xml.etree.ElementTree.canonicalize()` that implements C14N 2.0.
+:func:`–xml.etree.ElementTree.canonicalize` that implements C14N 2.0.
 (Contributed by Stefan Behnel in :issue:`13611`.)
 
 The target object of :class:`xml.etree.ElementTree.XMLParser` can
@@ -1712,7 +1712,7 @@ Deprecated
   the ``l*gettext()`` functions.
   (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`33710`.)
 
-* The :meth:`~threading.Thread.isAlive()` method of :class:`threading.Thread`
+* The :meth:`~threading.Thread.isAlive` method of :class:`threading.Thread`
   has been deprecated.
   (Contributed by Donghee Na in :issue:`35283`.)
 
@@ -1755,7 +1755,7 @@ The following features and APIs have been removed from Python 3.8:
 *  Starting with Python 3.3, importing ABCs from :mod:`collections` was
    deprecated, and importing should be done from :mod:`collections.abc`. Being
    able to import from collections was marked for removal in 3.8, but has been
-   delayed to 3.9. (See :issue:`36952`.)
+   delayed to 3.9. (See :gh:`81134`.)
 
 * The :mod:`macpath` module, deprecated in Python 3.7, has been removed.
   (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`35471`.)
diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/3.9.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/3.9.rst
index 90bdcf9541613c..6118b02dd9bd48 100644
--- a/Doc/whatsnew/3.9.rst
+++ b/Doc/whatsnew/3.9.rst
@@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ that schedules a shutdown for the default executor that waits on the
 :func:`asyncio.run` has been updated to use the new :term:`coroutine`.
 (Contributed by Kyle Stanley in :issue:`34037`.)
 
-Added :class:`asyncio.PidfdChildWatcher`, a Linux-specific child watcher
+Added :class:`!asyncio.PidfdChildWatcher`, a Linux-specific child watcher
 implementation that polls process file descriptors. (:issue:`38692`)
 
 Added a new :term:`coroutine` :func:`asyncio.to_thread`. It is mainly used for
@@ -408,8 +408,8 @@ Added :func:`curses.get_escdelay`, :func:`curses.set_escdelay`,
 
 datetime
 --------
-The :meth:`~datetime.date.isocalendar()` of :class:`datetime.date`
-and :meth:`~datetime.datetime.isocalendar()` of :class:`datetime.datetime`
+The :meth:`~datetime.date.isocalendar` of :class:`datetime.date`
+and :meth:`~datetime.datetime.isocalendar` of :class:`datetime.datetime`
 methods now returns a :func:`~collections.namedtuple` instead of a :class:`tuple`.
 (Contributed by Donghee Na in :issue:`24416`.)
 
@@ -610,7 +610,7 @@ convert a wait status to an exit code.
 pathlib
 -------
 
-Added :meth:`pathlib.Path.readlink()` which acts similarly to
+Added :meth:`pathlib.Path.readlink` which acts similarly to
 :func:`os.readlink`.
 (Contributed by Girts Folkmanis in :issue:`30618`)
 
@@ -637,7 +637,8 @@ pydoc
 -----
 
 The documentation string is now shown not only for class, function,
-method etc, but for any object that has its own ``__doc__`` attribute.
+method etc, but for any object that has its own :attr:`~definition.__doc__`
+attribute.
 (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`40257`.)
 
 random
@@ -983,13 +984,13 @@ Removed
   (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`37312`.)
 
 * ``aifc.openfp()`` alias to ``aifc.open()``, ``sunau.openfp()`` alias to
-  ``sunau.open()``, and ``wave.openfp()`` alias to :func:`wave.open()` have been
+  ``sunau.open()``, and ``wave.openfp()`` alias to :func:`wave.open` have been
   removed. They were deprecated since Python 3.7.
   (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`37320`.)
 
-* The :meth:`!isAlive()` method of :class:`threading.Thread`
+* The :meth:`!isAlive` method of :class:`threading.Thread`
   has been removed. It was deprecated since Python 3.8.
-  Use :meth:`~threading.Thread.is_alive()` instead.
+  Use :meth:`~threading.Thread.is_alive` instead.
   (Contributed by Donghee Na in :issue:`37804`.)
 
 * Methods ``getchildren()`` and ``getiterator()`` of classes
diff --git a/Grammar/python.gram b/Grammar/python.gram
index b14e5dd096cdf4..b47028460b94f4 100644
--- a/Grammar/python.gram
+++ b/Grammar/python.gram
@@ -151,9 +151,9 @@ assignment[stmt_ty]:
     | a=('(' b=single_target ')' { b }
          | single_subscript_attribute_target) ':' b=expression c=['=' d=annotated_rhs { d }] {
         CHECK_VERSION(stmt_ty, 6, "Variable annotations syntax is", _PyAST_AnnAssign(a, b, c, 0, EXTRA)) }
-    | a[asdl_expr_seq*]=(z=star_targets '=' { z })+ b=(yield_expr | star_expressions) !'=' tc=[TYPE_COMMENT] {
+    | a[asdl_expr_seq*]=(z=star_targets '=' { z })+ b=annotated_rhs !'=' tc=[TYPE_COMMENT] {
          _PyAST_Assign(a, b, NEW_TYPE_COMMENT(p, tc), EXTRA) }
-    | a=single_target b=augassign ~ c=(yield_expr | star_expressions) {
+    | a=single_target b=augassign ~ c=annotated_rhs {
          _PyAST_AugAssign(a, b->kind, c, EXTRA) }
     | invalid_assignment
 
@@ -434,7 +434,7 @@ except_star_block[excepthandler_ty]:
     | invalid_except_star_stmt_indent
     | 'except' '*' e=expression t=['as' z=NAME { z }] ':' b=block {
         _PyAST_ExceptHandler(e, (t) ? ((expr_ty) t)->v.Name.id : NULL, b, EXTRA) }
-    | invalid_except_stmt
+    | invalid_except_star_stmt
 finally_block[asdl_stmt_seq*]:
     | invalid_finally_stmt
     | 'finally' &&':' a=block { a }
@@ -1340,11 +1340,21 @@ invalid_try_stmt:
     | 'try' ':' block* except_star_block+ a='except' [expression ['as' NAME]] ':' {
         RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, "cannot have both 'except' and 'except*' on the same 'try'") }
 invalid_except_stmt:
-    | 'except' '*'? a=expression ',' expressions ['as' NAME ] ':' {
+    | 'except' a=expression ',' expressions ['as' NAME ] ':' {
         RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_STARTING_FROM(a, "multiple exception types must be parenthesized") }
-    | a='except' '*'? expression ['as' NAME ] NEWLINE { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR("expected ':'") }
+    | a='except' expression ['as' NAME ] NEWLINE { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR("expected ':'") }
     | a='except' NEWLINE { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR("expected ':'") }
+    | 'except' expression 'as' a=expression {
+        RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(
+            a, "cannot use except statement with %s", _PyPegen_get_expr_name(a)) }
+invalid_except_star_stmt:
+    | 'except' '*' a=expression ',' expressions ['as' NAME ] ':' {
+        RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_STARTING_FROM(a, "multiple exception types must be parenthesized") }
+    | a='except' '*' expression ['as' NAME ] NEWLINE { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR("expected ':'") }
     | a='except' '*' (NEWLINE | ':') { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR("expected one or more exception types") }
+    | 'except' '*' expression 'as' a=expression {
+        RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(
+            a, "cannot use except* statement with %s", _PyPegen_get_expr_name(a)) }
 invalid_finally_stmt:
     | a='finally' ':' NEWLINE !INDENT {
         RAISE_INDENTATION_ERROR("expected an indented block after 'finally' statement on line %d", a->lineno) }
@@ -1365,7 +1375,9 @@ invalid_case_block:
         RAISE_INDENTATION_ERROR("expected an indented block after 'case' statement on line %d", a->lineno) }
 invalid_as_pattern:
     | or_pattern 'as' a="_" { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, "cannot use '_' as a target") }
-    | or_pattern 'as' !NAME a=expression { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, "invalid pattern target") }
+    | or_pattern 'as' a=expression {
+        RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(
+            a, "cannot use %s as pattern target", _PyPegen_get_expr_name(a)) }
 invalid_class_pattern:
     | name_or_attr '(' a=invalid_class_argument_pattern  { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_RANGE(
         PyPegen_first_item(a, pattern_ty),
diff --git a/Include/Python.h b/Include/Python.h
index 502c5ec5aeaa3c..717e27feab62db 100644
--- a/Include/Python.h
+++ b/Include/Python.h
@@ -51,6 +51,14 @@
 #  error "The limited API is not currently supported in the free-threaded build"
 #endif
 
+#if defined(Py_GIL_DISABLED) && defined(_MSC_VER)
+#  include <intrin.h>             // __readgsqword()
+#endif
+
+#if defined(Py_GIL_DISABLED) && defined(__MINGW32__)
+#  include <intrin.h>             // __readgsqword()
+#endif
+
 // Include Python header files
 #include "pyport.h"
 #include "pymacro.h"
@@ -60,6 +68,7 @@
 #include "pybuffer.h"
 #include "pystats.h"
 #include "pyatomic.h"
+#include "lock.h"
 #include "object.h"
 #include "refcount.h"
 #include "objimpl.h"
@@ -115,17 +124,18 @@
 #include "pylifecycle.h"
 #include "ceval.h"
 #include "sysmodule.h"
+#include "audit.h"
 #include "osmodule.h"
 #include "intrcheck.h"
 #include "import.h"
 #include "abstract.h"
 #include "bltinmodule.h"
+#include "critical_section.h"
 #include "cpython/pyctype.h"
 #include "pystrtod.h"
 #include "pystrcmp.h"
 #include "fileutils.h"
 #include "cpython/pyfpe.h"
 #include "cpython/tracemalloc.h"
-#include "cpython/optimizer.h"
 
 #endif /* !Py_PYTHON_H */
diff --git a/Include/abstract.h b/Include/abstract.h
index f0e49c1afb8164..7cfee1332ccaa4 100644
--- a/Include/abstract.h
+++ b/Include/abstract.h
@@ -397,13 +397,23 @@ PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyIter_Check(PyObject *);
    This function always succeeds. */
 PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyAIter_Check(PyObject *);
 
+#if !defined(Py_LIMITED_API) || Py_LIMITED_API+0 >= 0x030e0000
+/* Return 1 and set 'item' to the next item of 'iter' on success.
+ * Return 0 and set 'item' to NULL when there are no remaining values.
+ * Return -1, set 'item' to NULL and set an exception on error.
+ */
+PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyIter_NextItem(PyObject *iter, PyObject **item);
+#endif
+
 /* Takes an iterator object and calls its tp_iternext slot,
    returning the next value.
 
    If the iterator is exhausted, this returns NULL without setting an
    exception.
 
-   NULL with an exception means an error occurred. */
+   NULL with an exception means an error occurred.
+
+   Prefer PyIter_NextItem() instead. */
 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyIter_Next(PyObject *);
 
 #if !defined(Py_LIMITED_API) || Py_LIMITED_API+0 >= 0x030A0000
diff --git a/Include/audit.h b/Include/audit.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..793b7077e1027b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Include/audit.h
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#ifndef Py_AUDIT_H
+#define Py_AUDIT_H
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+
+#if !defined(Py_LIMITED_API) || Py_LIMITED_API+0 >= 0x030d0000
+PyAPI_FUNC(int) PySys_Audit(
+    const char *event,
+    const char *argFormat,
+    ...);
+
+PyAPI_FUNC(int) PySys_AuditTuple(
+    const char *event,
+    PyObject *args);
+#endif
+
+
+#ifndef Py_LIMITED_API
+#  define Py_CPYTHON_AUDIT_H
+#  include "cpython/audit.h"
+#  undef Py_CPYTHON_AUDIT_H
+#endif
+
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+#endif /* !Py_AUDIT_H */
diff --git a/Include/ceval.h b/Include/ceval.h
index e9df8684996e23..32ab38972e548f 100644
--- a/Include/ceval.h
+++ b/Include/ceval.h
@@ -133,6 +133,13 @@ PyAPI_FUNC(void) PyEval_ReleaseThread(PyThreadState *tstate);
 #define FVS_MASK      0x4
 #define FVS_HAVE_SPEC 0x4
 
+/* Special methods used by LOAD_SPECIAL */
+#define SPECIAL___ENTER__   0
+#define SPECIAL___EXIT__    1
+#define SPECIAL___AENTER__  2
+#define SPECIAL___AEXIT__   3
+#define SPECIAL_MAX   3
+
 #ifndef Py_LIMITED_API
 #  define Py_CPYTHON_CEVAL_H
 #  include "cpython/ceval.h"
diff --git a/Include/cpython/audit.h b/Include/cpython/audit.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..3c5c7a8c06091d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Include/cpython/audit.h
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#ifndef Py_CPYTHON_AUDIT_H
+#  error "this header file must not be included directly"
+#endif
+
+
+typedef int(*Py_AuditHookFunction)(const char *, PyObject *, void *);
+
+PyAPI_FUNC(int) PySys_AddAuditHook(Py_AuditHookFunction, void*);
diff --git a/Include/cpython/bytesobject.h b/Include/cpython/bytesobject.h
index 816823716e9a6f..cf3f0387ecf323 100644
--- a/Include/cpython/bytesobject.h
+++ b/Include/cpython/bytesobject.h
@@ -31,3 +31,8 @@ static inline Py_ssize_t PyBytes_GET_SIZE(PyObject *op) {
     return Py_SIZE(self);
 }
 #define PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self) PyBytes_GET_SIZE(_PyObject_CAST(self))
+
+PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject*) PyBytes_Join(PyObject *sep, PyObject *iterable);
+
+// Alias kept for backward compatibility
+#define _PyBytes_Join PyBytes_Join
diff --git a/Include/cpython/ceval.h b/Include/cpython/ceval.h
index 78f7405661662f..ca8109e3248a8d 100644
--- a/Include/cpython/ceval.h
+++ b/Include/cpython/ceval.h
@@ -23,3 +23,21 @@ _PyEval_RequestCodeExtraIndex(freefunc f) {
 
 PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyEval_SliceIndex(PyObject *, Py_ssize_t *);
 PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyEval_SliceIndexNotNone(PyObject *, Py_ssize_t *);
+
+
+// Trampoline API
+
+typedef struct {
+    FILE* perf_map;
+    PyThread_type_lock map_lock;
+} PerfMapState;
+
+PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyUnstable_PerfMapState_Init(void);
+PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyUnstable_WritePerfMapEntry(
+    const void *code_addr,
+    unsigned int code_size,
+    const char *entry_name);
+PyAPI_FUNC(void) PyUnstable_PerfMapState_Fini(void);
+PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyUnstable_CopyPerfMapFile(const char* parent_filename);
+PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyUnstable_PerfTrampoline_CompileCode(PyCodeObject *);
+PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyUnstable_PerfTrampoline_SetPersistAfterFork(int enable);
diff --git a/Include/cpython/code.h b/Include/cpython/code.h
index ef8f9304ccab56..af9149b9c38e62 100644
--- a/Include/cpython/code.h
+++ b/Include/cpython/code.h
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@
 extern "C" {
 #endif
 
+/* Total tool ids available */
+#define  _PY_MONITORING_TOOL_IDS 8
 /* Count of all local monitoring events */
 #define  _PY_MONITORING_LOCAL_EVENTS 10
 /* Count of all "real" monitoring events (not derived from other events) */
@@ -24,58 +26,6 @@ typedef struct _Py_GlobalMonitors {
     uint8_t tools[_PY_MONITORING_UNGROUPED_EVENTS];
 } _Py_GlobalMonitors;
 
-typedef struct {
-    union {
-        struct {
-            uint16_t backoff : 4;
-            uint16_t value : 12;
-        };
-        uint16_t as_counter;  // For printf("%#x", ...)
-    };
-} _Py_BackoffCounter;
-
-/* Each instruction in a code object is a fixed-width value,
- * currently 2 bytes: 1-byte opcode + 1-byte oparg.  The EXTENDED_ARG
- * opcode allows for larger values but the current limit is 3 uses
- * of EXTENDED_ARG (see Python/compile.c), for a maximum
- * 32-bit value.  This aligns with the note in Python/compile.c
- * (compiler_addop_i_line) indicating that the max oparg value is
- * 2**32 - 1, rather than INT_MAX.
- */
-
-typedef union {
-    uint16_t cache;
-    struct {
-        uint8_t code;
-        uint8_t arg;
-    } op;
-    _Py_BackoffCounter counter;  // First cache entry of specializable op
-} _Py_CODEUNIT;
-
-
-/* These macros only remain defined for compatibility. */
-#define _Py_OPCODE(word) ((word).op.code)
-#define _Py_OPARG(word) ((word).op.arg)
-
-static inline _Py_CODEUNIT
-_py_make_codeunit(uint8_t opcode, uint8_t oparg)
-{
-    // No designated initialisers because of C++ compat
-    _Py_CODEUNIT word;
-    word.op.code = opcode;
-    word.op.arg = oparg;
-    return word;
-}
-
-static inline void
-_py_set_opcode(_Py_CODEUNIT *word, uint8_t opcode)
-{
-    word->op.code = opcode;
-}
-
-#define _Py_MAKE_CODEUNIT(opcode, oparg) _py_make_codeunit((opcode), (oparg))
-#define _Py_SET_OPCODE(word, opcode) _py_set_opcode(&(word), (opcode))
-
 
 typedef struct {
     PyObject *_co_code;
@@ -109,6 +59,8 @@ typedef struct {
     _Py_LocalMonitors active_monitors;
     /* The tools that are to be notified for events for the matching code unit */
     uint8_t *tools;
+    /* The version of tools when they instrument the code */
+    uintptr_t tool_versions[_PY_MONITORING_TOOL_IDS];
     /* Information to support line events */
     _PyCoLineInstrumentationData *lines;
     /* The tools that are to be notified for line events for the matching code unit */
@@ -180,6 +132,7 @@ typedef struct {
     _PyCoCached *_co_cached;      /* cached co_* attributes */                 \
     uintptr_t _co_instrumentation_version; /* current instrumentation version */ \
     _PyCoMonitoringData *_co_monitoring; /* Monitoring data */                 \
+    Py_ssize_t _co_unique_id;     /* ID used for per-thread refcounting */   \
     int _co_firsttraceable;       /* index of first traceable instruction */   \
     /* Scratch space for extra data relating to the code object.               \
        Type is a void* to keep the format private in codeobject.c to force     \
@@ -246,9 +199,6 @@ Py_DEPRECATED(3.13) static inline int PyCode_GetFirstFree(PyCodeObject *op) {
     return PyUnstable_Code_GetFirstFree(op);
 }
 
-#define _PyCode_CODE(CO) _Py_RVALUE((_Py_CODEUNIT *)(CO)->co_code_adaptive)
-#define _PyCode_NBYTES(CO) (Py_SIZE(CO) * (Py_ssize_t)sizeof(_Py_CODEUNIT))
-
 /* Unstable public interface */
 PyAPI_FUNC(PyCodeObject *) PyUnstable_Code_New(
         int, int, int, int, int, PyObject *, PyObject *,
diff --git a/Include/cpython/context.h b/Include/cpython/context.h
index a3249fc29b082e..3a7a4b459c09ad 100644
--- a/Include/cpython/context.h
+++ b/Include/cpython/context.h
@@ -27,6 +27,39 @@ PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyContext_CopyCurrent(void);
 PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyContext_Enter(PyObject *);
 PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyContext_Exit(PyObject *);
 
+typedef enum {
+    /*
+     * The current context has switched to a different context.  The object
+     * passed to the watch callback is the now-current contextvars.Context
+     * object, or None if no context is current.
+     */
+    Py_CONTEXT_SWITCHED = 1,
+} PyContextEvent;
+
+/*
+ * Context object watcher callback function.  The object passed to the callback
+ * is event-specific; see PyContextEvent for details.
+ *
+ * if the callback returns with an exception set, it must return -1. Otherwise
+ * it should return 0
+ */
+typedef int (*PyContext_WatchCallback)(PyContextEvent, PyObject *);
+
+/*
+ * Register a per-interpreter callback that will be invoked for context object
+ * enter/exit events.
+ *
+ * Returns a handle that may be passed to PyContext_ClearWatcher on success,
+ * or -1 and sets and error if no more handles are available.
+ */
+PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyContext_AddWatcher(PyContext_WatchCallback callback);
+
+/*
+ * Clear the watcher associated with the watcher_id handle.
+ *
+ * Returns 0 on success or -1 if no watcher exists for the provided id.
+ */
+PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyContext_ClearWatcher(int watcher_id);
 
 /* Create a new context variable.
 
diff --git a/Include/cpython/critical_section.h b/Include/cpython/critical_section.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..35db3fb6a59ce6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Include/cpython/critical_section.h
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+#ifndef Py_CPYTHON_CRITICAL_SECTION_H
+#  error "this header file must not be included directly"
+#endif
+
+// Python critical sections
+//
+// Conceptually, critical sections are a deadlock avoidance layer on top of
+// per-object locks. These helpers, in combination with those locks, replace
+// our usage of the global interpreter lock to provide thread-safety for
+// otherwise thread-unsafe objects, such as dict.
+//
+// NOTE: These APIs are no-ops in non-free-threaded builds.
+//
+// Straightforward per-object locking could introduce deadlocks that were not
+// present when running with the GIL. Threads may hold locks for multiple
+// objects simultaneously because Python operations can nest. If threads were
+// to acquire the same locks in different orders, they would deadlock.
+//
+// One way to avoid deadlocks is to allow threads to hold only the lock (or
+// locks) for a single operation at a time (typically a single lock, but some
+// operations involve two locks). When a thread begins a nested operation it
+// could suspend the locks for any outer operation: before beginning the nested
+// operation, the locks for the outer operation are released and when the
+// nested operation completes, the locks for the outer operation are
+// reacquired.
+//
+// To improve performance, this API uses a variation of the above scheme.
+// Instead of immediately suspending locks any time a nested operation begins,
+// locks are only suspended if the thread would block. This reduces the number
+// of lock acquisitions and releases for nested operations, while still
+// avoiding deadlocks.
+//
+// Additionally, the locks for any active operation are suspended around
+// other potentially blocking operations, such as I/O. This is because the
+// interaction between locks and blocking operations can lead to deadlocks in
+// the same way as the interaction between multiple locks.
+//
+// Each thread's critical sections and their corresponding locks are tracked in
+// a stack in `PyThreadState.critical_section`. When a thread calls
+// `_PyThreadState_Detach()`, such as before a blocking I/O operation or when
+// waiting to acquire a lock, the thread suspends all of its active critical
+// sections, temporarily releasing the associated locks. When the thread calls
+// `_PyThreadState_Attach()`, it resumes the top-most (i.e., most recent)
+// critical section by reacquiring the associated lock or locks.  See
+// `_PyCriticalSection_Resume()`.
+//
+// NOTE: Only the top-most critical section is guaranteed to be active.
+// Operations that need to lock two objects at once must use
+// `Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION2()`. You *CANNOT* use nested critical sections
+// to lock more than one object at once, because the inner critical section
+// may  suspend the outer critical sections. This API does not provide a way
+// to lock more than two objects at once (though it could be added later
+// if actually needed).
+//
+// NOTE: Critical sections implicitly behave like reentrant locks because
+// attempting to acquire the same lock will suspend any outer (earlier)
+// critical sections. However, they are less efficient for this use case than
+// purposefully designed reentrant locks.
+//
+// Example usage:
+//  Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(op);
+//  ...
+//  Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+//
+// To lock two objects at once:
+//  Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION2(op1, op2);
+//  ...
+//  Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION2();
+
+typedef struct PyCriticalSection PyCriticalSection;
+typedef struct PyCriticalSection2 PyCriticalSection2;
+
+PyAPI_FUNC(void)
+PyCriticalSection_Begin(PyCriticalSection *c, PyObject *op);
+
+PyAPI_FUNC(void)
+PyCriticalSection_End(PyCriticalSection *c);
+
+PyAPI_FUNC(void)
+PyCriticalSection2_Begin(PyCriticalSection2 *c, PyObject *a, PyObject *b);
+
+PyAPI_FUNC(void)
+PyCriticalSection2_End(PyCriticalSection2 *c);
+
+#ifndef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+# define Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(op)      \
+    {
+# define Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION()          \
+    }
+# define Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION2(a, b)   \
+    {
+# define Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION2()         \
+    }
+#else /* !Py_GIL_DISABLED */
+
+// NOTE: the contents of this struct are private and may change betweeen
+// Python releases without a deprecation period.
+struct PyCriticalSection {
+    // Tagged pointer to an outer active critical section (or 0).
+    uintptr_t _cs_prev;
+
+    // Mutex used to protect critical section
+    PyMutex *_cs_mutex;
+};
+
+// A critical section protected by two mutexes. Use
+// Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION2 and Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION2.
+// NOTE: the contents of this struct are private and may change betweeen
+// Python releases without a deprecation period.
+struct PyCriticalSection2 {
+    PyCriticalSection _cs_base;
+
+    PyMutex *_cs_mutex2;
+};
+
+# define Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(op)                                  \
+    {                                                                   \
+        PyCriticalSection _py_cs;                                       \
+        PyCriticalSection_Begin(&_py_cs, _PyObject_CAST(op))
+
+# define Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION()                                      \
+        PyCriticalSection_End(&_py_cs);                                 \
+    }
+
+# define Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION2(a, b)                               \
+    {                                                                   \
+        PyCriticalSection2 _py_cs2;                                     \
+        PyCriticalSection2_Begin(&_py_cs2, _PyObject_CAST(a), _PyObject_CAST(b))
+
+# define Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION2()                                     \
+        PyCriticalSection2_End(&_py_cs2);                               \
+    }
+
+#endif
diff --git a/Include/cpython/dictobject.h b/Include/cpython/dictobject.h
index e2861c963266ea..78473e54898fa5 100644
--- a/Include/cpython/dictobject.h
+++ b/Include/cpython/dictobject.h
@@ -14,16 +14,13 @@ typedef struct {
     /* Number of items in the dictionary */
     Py_ssize_t ma_used;
 
-    /* Dictionary version: globally unique, value change each time
-       the dictionary is modified */
-#ifdef Py_BUILD_CORE
-    /* Bits 0-7 are for dict watchers.
+    /* This is a private field for CPython's internal use.
+     * Bits 0-7 are for dict watchers.
      * Bits 8-11 are for the watched mutation counter (used by tier2 optimization)
-     * The remaining bits (12-63) are the actual version tag. */
-    uint64_t ma_version_tag;
-#else
-    Py_DEPRECATED(3.12) uint64_t ma_version_tag;
-#endif
+     * Bits 12-31 are currently unused
+     * Bits 32-63 are a unique id in the free threading build (used for per-thread refcounting)
+     */
+    uint64_t _ma_watcher_tag;
 
     PyDictKeysObject *ma_keys;
 
diff --git a/Include/cpython/genobject.h b/Include/cpython/genobject.h
index 49e46c277d75ae..f75884e597e2c2 100644
--- a/Include/cpython/genobject.h
+++ b/Include/cpython/genobject.h
@@ -9,29 +9,7 @@ extern "C" {
 
 /* --- Generators --------------------------------------------------------- */
 
-/* _PyGenObject_HEAD defines the initial segment of generator
-   and coroutine objects. */
-#define _PyGenObject_HEAD(prefix)                                           \
-    PyObject_HEAD                                                           \
-    /* List of weak reference. */                                           \
-    PyObject *prefix##_weakreflist;                                         \
-    /* Name of the generator. */                                            \
-    PyObject *prefix##_name;                                                \
-    /* Qualified name of the generator. */                                  \
-    PyObject *prefix##_qualname;                                            \
-    _PyErr_StackItem prefix##_exc_state;                                    \
-    PyObject *prefix##_origin_or_finalizer;                                 \
-    char prefix##_hooks_inited;                                             \
-    char prefix##_closed;                                                   \
-    char prefix##_running_async;                                            \
-    /* The frame */                                                         \
-    int8_t prefix##_frame_state;                                            \
-    PyObject *prefix##_iframe[1];                                           \
-
-typedef struct {
-    /* The gi_ prefix is intended to remind of generator-iterator. */
-    _PyGenObject_HEAD(gi)
-} PyGenObject;
+typedef struct _PyGenObject PyGenObject;
 
 PyAPI_DATA(PyTypeObject) PyGen_Type;
 
@@ -46,9 +24,7 @@ PyAPI_FUNC(PyCodeObject *) PyGen_GetCode(PyGenObject *gen);
 
 /* --- PyCoroObject ------------------------------------------------------- */
 
-typedef struct {
-    _PyGenObject_HEAD(cr)
-} PyCoroObject;
+typedef struct _PyCoroObject PyCoroObject;
 
 PyAPI_DATA(PyTypeObject) PyCoro_Type;
 
@@ -59,9 +35,7 @@ PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyCoro_New(PyFrameObject *,
 
 /* --- Asynchronous Generators -------------------------------------------- */
 
-typedef struct {
-    _PyGenObject_HEAD(ag)
-} PyAsyncGenObject;
+typedef struct _PyAsyncGenObject PyAsyncGenObject;
 
 PyAPI_DATA(PyTypeObject) PyAsyncGen_Type;
 PyAPI_DATA(PyTypeObject) _PyAsyncGenASend_Type;
@@ -73,7 +47,6 @@ PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyAsyncGen_New(PyFrameObject *,
 
 #define PyAsyncGenASend_CheckExact(op) Py_IS_TYPE((op), &_PyAsyncGenASend_Type)
 
-
 #undef _PyGenObject_HEAD
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
diff --git a/Include/cpython/initconfig.h b/Include/cpython/initconfig.h
index 5da5ef9e5431b1..c2cb4e3cdd92fb 100644
--- a/Include/cpython/initconfig.h
+++ b/Include/cpython/initconfig.h
@@ -260,6 +260,14 @@ PyAPI_FUNC(PyStatus) PyConfig_SetWideStringList(PyConfig *config,
     Py_ssize_t length, wchar_t **items);
 
 
+/* --- PyConfig_Get() ----------------------------------------- */
+
+PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject*) PyConfig_Get(const char *name);
+PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyConfig_GetInt(const char *name, int *value);
+PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject*) PyConfig_Names(void);
+PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyConfig_Set(const char *name, PyObject *value);
+
+
 /* --- Helper functions --------------------------------------- */
 
 /* Get the original command line arguments, before Python modified them.
@@ -267,6 +275,51 @@ PyAPI_FUNC(PyStatus) PyConfig_SetWideStringList(PyConfig *config,
    See also PyConfig.orig_argv. */
 PyAPI_FUNC(void) Py_GetArgcArgv(int *argc, wchar_t ***argv);
 
+
+// --- PyInitConfig ---------------------------------------------------------
+
+typedef struct PyInitConfig PyInitConfig;
+
+PyAPI_FUNC(PyInitConfig*) PyInitConfig_Create(void);
+PyAPI_FUNC(void) PyInitConfig_Free(PyInitConfig *config);
+
+PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyInitConfig_GetError(PyInitConfig* config,
+    const char **err_msg);
+PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyInitConfig_GetExitCode(PyInitConfig* config,
+    int *exitcode);
+
+PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyInitConfig_HasOption(PyInitConfig *config,
+    const char *name);
+PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyInitConfig_GetInt(PyInitConfig *config,
+    const char *name,
+    int64_t *value);
+PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyInitConfig_GetStr(PyInitConfig *config,
+    const char *name,
+    char **value);
+PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyInitConfig_GetStrList(PyInitConfig *config,
+    const char *name,
+    size_t *length,
+    char ***items);
+PyAPI_FUNC(void) PyInitConfig_FreeStrList(size_t length, char **items);
+
+PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyInitConfig_SetInt(PyInitConfig *config,
+    const char *name,
+    int64_t value);
+PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyInitConfig_SetStr(PyInitConfig *config,
+    const char *name,
+    const char *value);
+PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyInitConfig_SetStrList(PyInitConfig *config,
+    const char *name,
+    size_t length,
+    char * const *items);
+
+PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyInitConfig_AddModule(PyInitConfig *config,
+    const char *name,
+    PyObject* (*initfunc)(void));
+
+PyAPI_FUNC(int) Py_InitializeFromInitConfig(PyInitConfig *config);
+
+
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif
diff --git a/Include/cpython/lock.h b/Include/cpython/lock.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..8ee03e82f74dfd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Include/cpython/lock.h
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+#ifndef Py_CPYTHON_LOCK_H
+#  error "this header file must not be included directly"
+#endif
+
+#define _Py_UNLOCKED    0
+#define _Py_LOCKED      1
+
+// A mutex that occupies one byte. The lock can be zero initialized to
+// represent the unlocked state.
+//
+// Typical initialization:
+//   PyMutex m = (PyMutex){0};
+//
+// Or initialize as global variables:
+//   static PyMutex m;
+//
+// Typical usage:
+//   PyMutex_Lock(&m);
+//   ...
+//   PyMutex_Unlock(&m);
+//
+// The contents of the PyMutex are not part of the public API, but are
+// described to aid in understanding the implementation and debugging. Only
+// the two least significant bits are used. The remaining bits are always zero:
+// 0b00: unlocked
+// 0b01: locked
+// 0b10: unlocked and has parked threads
+// 0b11: locked and has parked threads
+typedef struct PyMutex {
+    uint8_t _bits;  // (private)
+} PyMutex;
+
+// exported function for locking the mutex
+PyAPI_FUNC(void) PyMutex_Lock(PyMutex *m);
+
+// exported function for unlocking the mutex
+PyAPI_FUNC(void) PyMutex_Unlock(PyMutex *m);
+
+// Locks the mutex.
+//
+// If the mutex is currently locked, the calling thread will be parked until
+// the mutex is unlocked. If the current thread holds the GIL, then the GIL
+// will be released while the thread is parked.
+static inline void
+_PyMutex_Lock(PyMutex *m)
+{
+    uint8_t expected = _Py_UNLOCKED;
+    if (!_Py_atomic_compare_exchange_uint8(&m->_bits, &expected, _Py_LOCKED)) {
+        PyMutex_Lock(m);
+    }
+}
+#define PyMutex_Lock _PyMutex_Lock
+
+// Unlocks the mutex.
+static inline void
+_PyMutex_Unlock(PyMutex *m)
+{
+    uint8_t expected = _Py_LOCKED;
+    if (!_Py_atomic_compare_exchange_uint8(&m->_bits, &expected, _Py_UNLOCKED)) {
+        PyMutex_Unlock(m);
+    }
+}
+#define PyMutex_Unlock _PyMutex_Unlock
diff --git a/Include/cpython/longintrepr.h b/Include/cpython/longintrepr.h
index 3246908ba982e2..c60ccc463653f9 100644
--- a/Include/cpython/longintrepr.h
+++ b/Include/cpython/longintrepr.h
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ PyAPI_FUNC(PyLongObject*) _PyLong_FromDigits(
 
 static inline int
 _PyLong_IsCompact(const PyLongObject* op) {
-    assert(PyType_HasFeature((op)->ob_base.ob_type, Py_TPFLAGS_LONG_SUBCLASS));
+    assert(PyType_HasFeature(op->ob_base.ob_type, Py_TPFLAGS_LONG_SUBCLASS));
     return op->long_value.lv_tag < (2 << _PyLong_NON_SIZE_BITS);
 }
 
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ static inline Py_ssize_t
 _PyLong_CompactValue(const PyLongObject *op)
 {
     Py_ssize_t sign;
-    assert(PyType_HasFeature((op)->ob_base.ob_type, Py_TPFLAGS_LONG_SUBCLASS));
+    assert(PyType_HasFeature(op->ob_base.ob_type, Py_TPFLAGS_LONG_SUBCLASS));
     assert(PyUnstable_Long_IsCompact(op));
     sign = 1 - (op->long_value.lv_tag & _PyLong_SIGN_MASK);
     return sign * (Py_ssize_t)op->long_value.ob_digit[0];
diff --git a/Include/cpython/longobject.h b/Include/cpython/longobject.h
index 19a6722d07734a..c1214d5e3714ea 100644
--- a/Include/cpython/longobject.h
+++ b/Include/cpython/longobject.h
@@ -2,6 +2,9 @@
 #  error "this header file must not be included directly"
 #endif
 
+#define _PyLong_CAST(op) \
+    (assert(PyLong_Check(op)), _Py_CAST(PyLongObject*, (op)))
+
 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject*) PyLong_FromUnicodeObject(PyObject *u, int base);
 
 #define Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_DEFAULTS -1
@@ -10,6 +13,7 @@ PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject*) PyLong_FromUnicodeObject(PyObject *u, int base);
 #define Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_NATIVE_ENDIAN 3
 #define Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_UNSIGNED_BUFFER 4
 #define Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_REJECT_NEGATIVE 8
+#define Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_ALLOW_INDEX 16
 
 /* PyLong_AsNativeBytes: Copy the integer value to a native variable.
    buffer points to the first byte of the variable.
@@ -20,8 +24,10 @@ PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject*) PyLong_FromUnicodeObject(PyObject *u, int base);
    * 2 - native endian
    * 4 - unsigned destination (e.g. don't reject copying 255 into one byte)
    * 8 - raise an exception for negative inputs
-   If flags is -1 (all bits set), native endian is used and value truncation
-   behaves most like C (allows negative inputs and allow MSB set).
+   * 16 - call __index__ on non-int types
+   If flags is -1 (all bits set), native endian is used, value truncation
+   behaves most like C (allows negative inputs and allow MSB set), and non-int
+   objects will raise a TypeError.
    Big endian mode will write the most significant byte into the address
    directly referenced by buffer; little endian will write the least significant
    byte into that address.
@@ -68,10 +74,9 @@ PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyLong_Sign(PyObject *v);
    absolute value of a long.  For example, this returns 1 for 1 and -1, 2
    for 2 and -2, and 2 for 3 and -3.  It returns 0 for 0.
    v must not be NULL, and must be a normalized long.
-   (size_t)-1 is returned and OverflowError set if the true result doesn't
-   fit in a size_t.
+   Always successful.
 */
-PyAPI_FUNC(size_t) _PyLong_NumBits(PyObject *v);
+PyAPI_FUNC(int64_t) _PyLong_NumBits(PyObject *v);
 
 /* _PyLong_FromByteArray:  View the n unsigned bytes as a binary integer in
    base 256, and return a Python int with the same numeric value.
diff --git a/Include/cpython/modsupport.h b/Include/cpython/modsupport.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..d3b88f58c82ca3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Include/cpython/modsupport.h
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#ifndef Py_CPYTHON_MODSUPPORT_H
+#  error "this header file must not be included directly"
+#endif
+
+// A data structure that can be used to run initialization code once in a
+// thread-safe manner. The C++11 equivalent is std::call_once.
+typedef struct {
+    uint8_t v;
+} _PyOnceFlag;
+
+typedef struct _PyArg_Parser {
+    const char *format;
+    const char * const *keywords;
+    const char *fname;
+    const char *custom_msg;
+    _PyOnceFlag once;       /* atomic one-time initialization flag */
+    int is_kwtuple_owned;   /* does this parser own the kwtuple object? */
+    int pos;                /* number of positional-only arguments */
+    int min;                /* minimal number of arguments */
+    int max;                /* maximal number of positional arguments */
+    PyObject *kwtuple;      /* tuple of keyword parameter names */
+    struct _PyArg_Parser *next;
+} _PyArg_Parser;
+
+PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywordsFast(PyObject *, PyObject *,
+                                                 struct _PyArg_Parser *, ...);
diff --git a/Include/cpython/object.h b/Include/cpython/object.h
index 0ab94e5e2a15e5..f0f61796cd3ec8 100644
--- a/Include/cpython/object.h
+++ b/Include/cpython/object.h
@@ -269,7 +269,11 @@ typedef struct _heaptypeobject {
     struct _dictkeysobject *ht_cached_keys;
     PyObject *ht_module;
     char *_ht_tpname;  // Storage for "tp_name"; see PyType_FromModuleAndSpec
+    void *ht_token;  // Storage for the "Py_tp_token" slot
     struct _specialization_cache _spec_cache; // For use by the specializer.
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    Py_ssize_t unique_id;  // ID used for per-thread refcounting
+#endif
     /* here are optional user slots, followed by the members. */
 } PyHeapTypeObject;
 
@@ -288,6 +292,8 @@ PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject **) _PyObject_GetDictPtr(PyObject *);
 PyAPI_FUNC(void) PyObject_CallFinalizer(PyObject *);
 PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_CallFinalizerFromDealloc(PyObject *);
 
+PyAPI_FUNC(void) PyUnstable_Object_ClearWeakRefsNoCallbacks(PyObject *);
+
 /* Same as PyObject_Generic{Get,Set}Attr, but passing the attributes
    dict as the last parameter. */
 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *)
diff --git a/Include/cpython/optimizer.h b/Include/cpython/optimizer.h
deleted file mode 100644
index f2093a1e5f6aa4..00000000000000
--- a/Include/cpython/optimizer.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,135 +0,0 @@
-
-#ifndef Py_LIMITED_API
-#ifndef Py_OPTIMIZER_H
-#define Py_OPTIMIZER_H
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-extern "C" {
-#endif
-
-typedef struct _PyExecutorLinkListNode {
-    struct _PyExecutorObject *next;
-    struct _PyExecutorObject *previous;
-} _PyExecutorLinkListNode;
-
-
-/* Bloom filter with m = 256
- * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloom_filter */
-#define _Py_BLOOM_FILTER_WORDS 8
-
-typedef struct {
-    uint32_t bits[_Py_BLOOM_FILTER_WORDS];
-} _PyBloomFilter;
-
-typedef struct {
-    uint8_t opcode;
-    uint8_t oparg;
-    uint8_t valid;
-    uint8_t linked;
-    int index;           // Index of ENTER_EXECUTOR (if code isn't NULL, below).
-    _PyBloomFilter bloom;
-    _PyExecutorLinkListNode links;
-    PyCodeObject *code;  // Weak (NULL if no corresponding ENTER_EXECUTOR).
-} _PyVMData;
-
-/* Depending on the format,
- * the 32 bits between the oparg and operand are:
- * UOP_FORMAT_TARGET:
- *    uint32_t target;
- * UOP_FORMAT_EXIT
- *    uint16_t exit_index;
- *    uint16_t error_target;
- * UOP_FORMAT_JUMP
- *    uint16_t jump_target;
- *    uint16_t error_target;
- */
-typedef struct {
-    uint16_t opcode:14;
-    uint16_t format:2;
-    uint16_t oparg;
-    union {
-        uint32_t target;
-        struct {
-            union {
-                uint16_t exit_index;
-                uint16_t jump_target;
-            };
-            uint16_t error_target;
-        };
-    };
-    uint64_t operand;  // A cache entry
-} _PyUOpInstruction;
-
-typedef struct {
-    uint32_t target;
-    _Py_BackoffCounter temperature;
-    const struct _PyExecutorObject *executor;
-} _PyExitData;
-
-typedef struct _PyExecutorObject {
-    PyObject_VAR_HEAD
-    const _PyUOpInstruction *trace;
-    _PyVMData vm_data; /* Used by the VM, but opaque to the optimizer */
-    uint32_t exit_count;
-    uint32_t code_size;
-    size_t jit_size;
-    void *jit_code;
-    void *jit_side_entry;
-    _PyExitData exits[1];
-} _PyExecutorObject;
-
-typedef struct _PyOptimizerObject _PyOptimizerObject;
-
-/* Should return > 0 if a new executor is created. O if no executor is produced and < 0 if an error occurred. */
-typedef int (*_Py_optimize_func)(
-    _PyOptimizerObject* self, struct _PyInterpreterFrame *frame,
-    _Py_CODEUNIT *instr, _PyExecutorObject **exec_ptr,
-    int curr_stackentries);
-
-struct _PyOptimizerObject {
-    PyObject_HEAD
-    _Py_optimize_func optimize;
-    /* Data needed by the optimizer goes here, but is opaque to the VM */
-};
-
-/** Test support **/
-typedef struct {
-    _PyOptimizerObject base;
-    int64_t count;
-} _PyCounterOptimizerObject;
-
-PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyUnstable_Replace_Executor(PyCodeObject *code, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr, _PyExecutorObject *executor);
-
-_PyOptimizerObject *_Py_SetOptimizer(PyInterpreterState *interp, _PyOptimizerObject* optimizer);
-
-PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyUnstable_SetOptimizer(_PyOptimizerObject* optimizer);
-
-PyAPI_FUNC(_PyOptimizerObject *) PyUnstable_GetOptimizer(void);
-
-PyAPI_FUNC(_PyExecutorObject *) PyUnstable_GetExecutor(PyCodeObject *code, int offset);
-
-void _Py_ExecutorInit(_PyExecutorObject *, const _PyBloomFilter *);
-void _Py_ExecutorDetach(_PyExecutorObject *);
-void _Py_BloomFilter_Init(_PyBloomFilter *);
-void _Py_BloomFilter_Add(_PyBloomFilter *bloom, void *obj);
-PyAPI_FUNC(void) _Py_Executor_DependsOn(_PyExecutorObject *executor, void *obj);
-/* For testing */
-PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *)PyUnstable_Optimizer_NewCounter(void);
-PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *)PyUnstable_Optimizer_NewUOpOptimizer(void);
-
-#define _Py_MAX_ALLOWED_BUILTINS_MODIFICATIONS 3
-#define _Py_MAX_ALLOWED_GLOBALS_MODIFICATIONS 6
-
-#ifdef _Py_TIER2
-PyAPI_FUNC(void) _Py_Executors_InvalidateDependency(PyInterpreterState *interp, void *obj, int is_invalidation);
-PyAPI_FUNC(void) _Py_Executors_InvalidateAll(PyInterpreterState *interp, int is_invalidation);
-#else
-#  define _Py_Executors_InvalidateDependency(A, B, C) ((void)0)
-#  define _Py_Executors_InvalidateAll(A, B) ((void)0)
-#endif
-
-
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-}
-#endif
-#endif /* !Py_OPTIMIZER_H */
-#endif /* Py_LIMITED_API */
diff --git a/Include/cpython/pyatomic.h b/Include/cpython/pyatomic.h
index 55a139bb9158db..4ecef4f56edf42 100644
--- a/Include/cpython/pyatomic.h
+++ b/Include/cpython/pyatomic.h
@@ -510,6 +510,9 @@ _Py_atomic_load_ssize_acquire(const Py_ssize_t *obj);
 // See https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/atomic/atomic_thread_fence
 static inline void _Py_atomic_fence_seq_cst(void);
 
+// Acquire fence
+static inline void _Py_atomic_fence_acquire(void);
+
 // Release fence
 static inline void _Py_atomic_fence_release(void);
 
diff --git a/Include/cpython/pyatomic_gcc.h b/Include/cpython/pyatomic_gcc.h
index c0f3747be45758..ef09954d53ac1d 100644
--- a/Include/cpython/pyatomic_gcc.h
+++ b/Include/cpython/pyatomic_gcc.h
@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ _Py_atomic_load_ssize(const Py_ssize_t *obj)
 
 static inline void *
 _Py_atomic_load_ptr(const void *obj)
-{ return (void *)__atomic_load_n((void **)obj, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST); }
+{ return (void *)__atomic_load_n((void * const *)obj, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST); }
 
 
 // --- _Py_atomic_load_relaxed -----------------------------------------------
@@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ _Py_atomic_load_ssize_relaxed(const Py_ssize_t *obj)
 
 static inline void *
 _Py_atomic_load_ptr_relaxed(const void *obj)
-{ return (void *)__atomic_load_n((const void **)obj, __ATOMIC_RELAXED); }
+{ return (void *)__atomic_load_n((void * const *)obj, __ATOMIC_RELAXED); }
 
 static inline unsigned long long
 _Py_atomic_load_ullong_relaxed(const unsigned long long *obj)
@@ -490,11 +490,11 @@ _Py_atomic_store_ullong_relaxed(unsigned long long *obj,
 
 static inline void *
 _Py_atomic_load_ptr_acquire(const void *obj)
-{ return (void *)__atomic_load_n((void **)obj, __ATOMIC_ACQUIRE); }
+{ return (void *)__atomic_load_n((void * const *)obj, __ATOMIC_ACQUIRE); }
 
 static inline uintptr_t
 _Py_atomic_load_uintptr_acquire(const uintptr_t *obj)
-{ return (uintptr_t)__atomic_load_n((uintptr_t *)obj, __ATOMIC_ACQUIRE); }
+{ return (uintptr_t)__atomic_load_n(obj, __ATOMIC_ACQUIRE); }
 
 static inline void
 _Py_atomic_store_ptr_release(void *obj, void *value)
@@ -542,6 +542,10 @@ static inline void
 _Py_atomic_fence_seq_cst(void)
 { __atomic_thread_fence(__ATOMIC_SEQ_CST); }
 
+ static inline void
+_Py_atomic_fence_acquire(void)
+{ __atomic_thread_fence(__ATOMIC_ACQUIRE); }
+
  static inline void
 _Py_atomic_fence_release(void)
 { __atomic_thread_fence(__ATOMIC_RELEASE); }
diff --git a/Include/cpython/pyatomic_msc.h b/Include/cpython/pyatomic_msc.h
index f32995c1f578ac..84da21bdcbff4f 100644
--- a/Include/cpython/pyatomic_msc.h
+++ b/Include/cpython/pyatomic_msc.h
@@ -1066,6 +1066,18 @@ _Py_atomic_fence_seq_cst(void)
 #else
 #  error "no implementation of _Py_atomic_fence_seq_cst"
 #endif
+}
+
+ static inline void
+_Py_atomic_fence_acquire(void)
+{
+#if defined(_M_ARM64)
+    __dmb(_ARM64_BARRIER_ISHLD);
+#elif defined(_M_X64) || defined(_M_IX86)
+    _ReadBarrier();
+#else
+#  error "no implementation of _Py_atomic_fence_acquire"
+#endif
 }
 
  static inline void
diff --git a/Include/cpython/pyatomic_std.h b/Include/cpython/pyatomic_std.h
index 0cdce4e6dd39f0..7c71e94c68f8e6 100644
--- a/Include/cpython/pyatomic_std.h
+++ b/Include/cpython/pyatomic_std.h
@@ -961,6 +961,13 @@ _Py_atomic_fence_seq_cst(void)
     atomic_thread_fence(memory_order_seq_cst);
 }
 
+ static inline void
+_Py_atomic_fence_acquire(void)
+{
+    _Py_USING_STD;
+    atomic_thread_fence(memory_order_acquire);
+}
+
  static inline void
 _Py_atomic_fence_release(void)
 {
diff --git a/Include/cpython/pyerrors.h b/Include/cpython/pyerrors.h
index 42b4b03b10ca20..b36b4681f5dddb 100644
--- a/Include/cpython/pyerrors.h
+++ b/Include/cpython/pyerrors.h
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject*) PyUnstable_Exc_PrepReraiseStar(
 
 /* In signalmodule.c */
 
-int PySignal_SetWakeupFd(int fd);
+PyAPI_FUNC(int) PySignal_SetWakeupFd(int fd);
 
 /* Support for adding program text to SyntaxErrors */
 
diff --git a/Include/cpython/pyhash.h b/Include/cpython/pyhash.h
index 825c034a8d8474..876a7f0ea44f4d 100644
--- a/Include/cpython/pyhash.h
+++ b/Include/cpython/pyhash.h
@@ -45,3 +45,5 @@ PyAPI_FUNC(PyHash_FuncDef*) PyHash_GetFuncDef(void);
 
 PyAPI_FUNC(Py_hash_t) Py_HashPointer(const void *ptr);
 PyAPI_FUNC(Py_hash_t) PyObject_GenericHash(PyObject *);
+
+PyAPI_FUNC(Py_hash_t) Py_HashBuffer(const void *ptr, Py_ssize_t len);
diff --git a/Include/cpython/pystate.h b/Include/cpython/pystate.h
index ed3ee090ae53db..32f68378ea5d72 100644
--- a/Include/cpython/pystate.h
+++ b/Include/cpython/pystate.h
@@ -97,10 +97,11 @@ struct _ts {
 #ifdef Py_BUILD_CORE
 #  define _PyThreadState_WHENCE_NOTSET -1
 #  define _PyThreadState_WHENCE_UNKNOWN 0
-#  define _PyThreadState_WHENCE_INTERP 1
-#  define _PyThreadState_WHENCE_THREADING 2
-#  define _PyThreadState_WHENCE_GILSTATE 3
-#  define _PyThreadState_WHENCE_EXEC 4
+#  define _PyThreadState_WHENCE_INIT 1
+#  define _PyThreadState_WHENCE_FINI 2
+#  define _PyThreadState_WHENCE_THREADING 3
+#  define _PyThreadState_WHENCE_GILSTATE 4
+#  define _PyThreadState_WHENCE_EXEC 5
 #endif
     int _whence;
 
@@ -191,6 +192,14 @@ struct _ts {
     PyObject *previous_executor;
 
     uint64_t dict_global_version;
+
+    /* Used to store/retrieve `threading.local` keys/values for this thread */
+    PyObject *threading_local_key;
+
+    /* Used by `threading.local`s to be remove keys/values for dying threads.
+       The PyThreadObject must hold the only reference to this value.
+    */
+    PyObject *threading_local_sentinel;
 };
 
 #ifdef Py_DEBUG
@@ -209,9 +218,15 @@ struct _ts {
 #  define Py_C_RECURSION_LIMIT 3000
 #elif defined(_Py_ADDRESS_SANITIZER)
 #  define Py_C_RECURSION_LIMIT 4000
+#elif defined(__sparc__)
+   // test_descr crashed on sparc64 with >7000 but let's keep a margin of error.
+#  define Py_C_RECURSION_LIMIT 4000
 #elif defined(__wasi__)
    // Based on wasmtime 16.
 #  define Py_C_RECURSION_LIMIT 5000
+#elif defined(__hppa__) || defined(__powerpc64__)
+   // test_descr crashed with >8000 but let's keep a margin of error.
+#  define Py_C_RECURSION_LIMIT 5000
 #else
    // This value is duplicated in Lib/test/support/__init__.py
 #  define Py_C_RECURSION_LIMIT 10000
diff --git a/Include/cpython/pystats.h b/Include/cpython/pystats.h
index 38480a4f6cd78f..f1ca54839fbc38 100644
--- a/Include/cpython/pystats.h
+++ b/Include/cpython/pystats.h
@@ -19,12 +19,12 @@
 // Define _PY_INTERPRETER macro to increment interpreter_increfs and
 // interpreter_decrefs. Otherwise, increment increfs and decrefs.
 
-#include "pycore_uop_ids.h"
-
 #ifndef Py_CPYTHON_PYSTATS_H
 #  error "this header file must not be included directly"
 #endif
 
+#define PYSTATS_MAX_UOP_ID 512
+
 #define SPECIALIZATION_FAILURE_KINDS 36
 
 /* Stats for determining who is calling PyEval_EvalFrame */
@@ -70,6 +70,10 @@ typedef struct _object_stats {
     uint64_t decrefs;
     uint64_t interpreter_increfs;
     uint64_t interpreter_decrefs;
+    uint64_t immortal_increfs;
+    uint64_t immortal_decrefs;
+    uint64_t interpreter_immortal_increfs;
+    uint64_t interpreter_immortal_decrefs;
     uint64_t allocations;
     uint64_t allocations512;
     uint64_t allocations4k;
@@ -100,7 +104,7 @@ typedef struct _gc_stats {
 typedef struct _uop_stats {
     uint64_t execution_count;
     uint64_t miss;
-    uint64_t pair_count[MAX_UOP_ID + 1];
+    uint64_t pair_count[PYSTATS_MAX_UOP_ID + 1];
 } UOpStats;
 
 #define _Py_UOP_HIST_SIZE 32
@@ -118,7 +122,7 @@ typedef struct _optimization_stats {
     uint64_t recursive_call;
     uint64_t low_confidence;
     uint64_t executors_invalidated;
-    UOpStats opcode[MAX_UOP_ID+1];
+    UOpStats opcode[PYSTATS_MAX_UOP_ID + 1];
     uint64_t unsupported_opcode[256];
     uint64_t trace_length_hist[_Py_UOP_HIST_SIZE];
     uint64_t trace_run_length_hist[_Py_UOP_HIST_SIZE];
@@ -128,7 +132,7 @@ typedef struct _optimization_stats {
     uint64_t optimizer_failure_reason_no_memory;
     uint64_t remove_globals_builtins_changed;
     uint64_t remove_globals_incorrect_keys;
-    uint64_t error_in_opcode[MAX_UOP_ID+1];
+    uint64_t error_in_opcode[PYSTATS_MAX_UOP_ID + 1];
 } OptimizationStats;
 
 typedef struct _rare_event_stats {
@@ -163,7 +167,11 @@ PyAPI_DATA(PyStats*) _Py_stats;
 #ifdef _PY_INTERPRETER
 #  define _Py_INCREF_STAT_INC() do { if (_Py_stats) _Py_stats->object_stats.interpreter_increfs++; } while (0)
 #  define _Py_DECREF_STAT_INC() do { if (_Py_stats) _Py_stats->object_stats.interpreter_decrefs++; } while (0)
+#  define _Py_INCREF_IMMORTAL_STAT_INC() do { if (_Py_stats) _Py_stats->object_stats.interpreter_immortal_increfs++; } while (0)
+#  define _Py_DECREF_IMMORTAL_STAT_INC() do { if (_Py_stats) _Py_stats->object_stats.interpreter_immortal_decrefs++; } while (0)
 #else
 #  define _Py_INCREF_STAT_INC() do { if (_Py_stats) _Py_stats->object_stats.increfs++; } while (0)
 #  define _Py_DECREF_STAT_INC() do { if (_Py_stats) _Py_stats->object_stats.decrefs++; } while (0)
+#  define _Py_INCREF_IMMORTAL_STAT_INC() do { if (_Py_stats) _Py_stats->object_stats.immortal_increfs++; } while (0)
+#  define _Py_DECREF_IMMORTAL_STAT_INC() do { if (_Py_stats) _Py_stats->object_stats.immortal_decrefs++; } while (0)
 #endif
diff --git a/Include/cpython/sysmodule.h b/Include/cpython/sysmodule.h
deleted file mode 100644
index a3ac07f538a94f..00000000000000
--- a/Include/cpython/sysmodule.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef Py_CPYTHON_SYSMODULE_H
-#  error "this header file must not be included directly"
-#endif
-
-typedef int(*Py_AuditHookFunction)(const char *, PyObject *, void *);
-
-PyAPI_FUNC(int) PySys_AddAuditHook(Py_AuditHookFunction, void*);
-
-typedef struct {
-    FILE* perf_map;
-    PyThread_type_lock map_lock;
-} PerfMapState;
-
-PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyUnstable_PerfMapState_Init(void);
-PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyUnstable_WritePerfMapEntry(
-    const void *code_addr,
-    unsigned int code_size,
-    const char *entry_name);
-PyAPI_FUNC(void) PyUnstable_PerfMapState_Fini(void);
-PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyUnstable_CopyPerfMapFile(const char* parent_filename);
-PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyUnstable_PerfTrampoline_CompileCode(PyCodeObject *);
-PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyUnstable_PerfTrampoline_SetPersistAfterFork(int enable);
diff --git a/Include/cpython/unicodeobject.h b/Include/cpython/unicodeobject.h
index d9b54bce83202d..91799137101280 100644
--- a/Include/cpython/unicodeobject.h
+++ b/Include/cpython/unicodeobject.h
@@ -444,7 +444,54 @@ PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject*) PyUnicode_FromKindAndData(
     Py_ssize_t size);
 
 
-/* --- _PyUnicodeWriter API ----------------------------------------------- */
+/* --- Public PyUnicodeWriter API ----------------------------------------- */
+
+typedef struct PyUnicodeWriter PyUnicodeWriter;
+
+PyAPI_FUNC(PyUnicodeWriter*) PyUnicodeWriter_Create(Py_ssize_t length);
+PyAPI_FUNC(void) PyUnicodeWriter_Discard(PyUnicodeWriter *writer);
+PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject*) PyUnicodeWriter_Finish(PyUnicodeWriter *writer);
+
+PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar(
+    PyUnicodeWriter *writer,
+    Py_UCS4 ch);
+PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyUnicodeWriter_WriteUTF8(
+    PyUnicodeWriter *writer,
+    const char *str,
+    Py_ssize_t size);
+PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyUnicodeWriter_WriteWideChar(
+    PyUnicodeWriter *writer,
+    const wchar_t *str,
+    Py_ssize_t size);
+PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyUnicodeWriter_WriteUCS4(
+    PyUnicodeWriter *writer,
+    Py_UCS4 *str,
+    Py_ssize_t size);
+
+PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyUnicodeWriter_WriteStr(
+    PyUnicodeWriter *writer,
+    PyObject *obj);
+PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyUnicodeWriter_WriteRepr(
+    PyUnicodeWriter *writer,
+    PyObject *obj);
+PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyUnicodeWriter_WriteSubstring(
+    PyUnicodeWriter *writer,
+    PyObject *str,
+    Py_ssize_t start,
+    Py_ssize_t end);
+PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyUnicodeWriter_Format(
+    PyUnicodeWriter *writer,
+    const char *format,
+    ...);
+PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyUnicodeWriter_DecodeUTF8Stateful(
+    PyUnicodeWriter *writer,
+    const char *string,         /* UTF-8 encoded string */
+    Py_ssize_t length,          /* size of string */
+    const char *errors,         /* error handling */
+    Py_ssize_t *consumed);      /* bytes consumed */
+
+
+/* --- Private _PyUnicodeWriter API --------------------------------------- */
 
 typedef struct {
     PyObject *buffer;
@@ -466,7 +513,7 @@ typedef struct {
     /* If readonly is 1, buffer is a shared string (cannot be modified)
        and size is set to 0. */
     unsigned char readonly;
-} _PyUnicodeWriter ;
+} _PyUnicodeWriter;
 
 // Initialize a Unicode writer.
 //
diff --git a/Include/cpython/weakrefobject.h b/Include/cpython/weakrefobject.h
index dcca166d7357cc..9aa1a92c413fe9 100644
--- a/Include/cpython/weakrefobject.h
+++ b/Include/cpython/weakrefobject.h
@@ -36,19 +36,19 @@ struct _PyWeakReference {
      * Normally this can be derived from wr_object, but in some cases we need
      * to lock after wr_object has been set to Py_None.
      */
-    struct _PyMutex *weakrefs_lock;
+    PyMutex *weakrefs_lock;
 #endif
 };
 
 PyAPI_FUNC(void) _PyWeakref_ClearRef(PyWeakReference *self);
 
+#define _PyWeakref_CAST(op) \
+    (assert(PyWeakref_Check(op)), _Py_CAST(PyWeakReference*, (op)))
+
 Py_DEPRECATED(3.13) static inline PyObject* PyWeakref_GET_OBJECT(PyObject *ref_obj)
 {
-    PyWeakReference *ref;
-    PyObject *obj;
-    assert(PyWeakref_Check(ref_obj));
-    ref = _Py_CAST(PyWeakReference*, ref_obj);
-    obj = ref->wr_object;
+    PyWeakReference *ref = _PyWeakref_CAST(ref_obj);
+    PyObject *obj = ref->wr_object;
     // Explanation for the Py_REFCNT() check: when a weakref's target is part
     // of a long chain of deallocations which triggers the trashcan mechanism,
     // clearing the weakrefs can be delayed long after the target's refcount
diff --git a/Include/critical_section.h b/Include/critical_section.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..3b37615a8b17e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Include/critical_section.h
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#ifndef Py_CRITICAL_SECTION_H
+#define Py_CRITICAL_SECTION_H
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+#ifndef Py_LIMITED_API
+#  define Py_CPYTHON_CRITICAL_SECTION_H
+#  include "cpython/critical_section.h"
+#  undef Py_CPYTHON_CRITICAL_SECTION_H
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+#endif /* !Py_CRITICAL_SECTION_H */
diff --git a/Include/exports.h b/Include/exports.h
index ce601216f17156..0c646d5beb6ad6 100644
--- a/Include/exports.h
+++ b/Include/exports.h
@@ -41,11 +41,8 @@
  * we may still need to support gcc >= 4, as some Ubuntu LTS and Centos versions
  * have 4 < gcc < 5.
  */
-    #ifndef __has_attribute
-      #define __has_attribute(x) 0  // Compatibility with non-clang compilers.
-    #endif
     #if (defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ >= 4)) ||\
-        (defined(__clang__) && __has_attribute(visibility))
+        (defined(__clang__) && _Py__has_attribute(visibility))
         #define Py_IMPORTED_SYMBOL __attribute__ ((visibility ("default")))
         #define Py_EXPORTED_SYMBOL __attribute__ ((visibility ("default")))
         #define Py_LOCAL_SYMBOL  __attribute__ ((visibility ("hidden")))
diff --git a/Include/floatobject.h b/Include/floatobject.h
index 999441ac536e1d..8963c16832a4bc 100644
--- a/Include/floatobject.h
+++ b/Include/floatobject.h
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 /* Float object interface */
 
 /*
-PyFloatObject represents a (double precision) floating point number.
+PyFloatObject represents a (double precision) floating-point number.
 */
 
 #ifndef Py_FLOATOBJECT_H
diff --git a/Include/internal/mimalloc/mimalloc/atomic.h b/Include/internal/mimalloc/mimalloc/atomic.h
index 52f82487685cdb..cdd9c372beafd5 100644
--- a/Include/internal/mimalloc/mimalloc/atomic.h
+++ b/Include/internal/mimalloc/mimalloc/atomic.h
@@ -23,7 +23,9 @@ terms of the MIT license. A copy of the license can be found in the file
 #define  _Atomic(tp)            std::atomic<tp>
 #define  mi_atomic(name)        std::atomic_##name
 #define  mi_memory_order(name)  std::memory_order_##name
-#if !defined(ATOMIC_VAR_INIT) || (__cplusplus >= 202002L) // c++20, see issue #571
+#if (__cplusplus >= 202002L)    // c++20, see issue #571
+ #define MI_ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(x)  x
+#elif !defined(ATOMIC_VAR_INIT)
  #define MI_ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(x)  x
 #else
  #define MI_ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(x)  ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(x)
@@ -39,7 +41,9 @@ terms of the MIT license. A copy of the license can be found in the file
 #include <stdatomic.h>
 #define  mi_atomic(name)        atomic_##name
 #define  mi_memory_order(name)  memory_order_##name
-#if !defined(ATOMIC_VAR_INIT) || (__STDC_VERSION__ >= 201710L) // c17, see issue #735
+#if (__STDC_VERSION__ >= 201710L) // c17, see issue #735
+ #define MI_ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(x) x
+#elif !defined(ATOMIC_VAR_INIT)
  #define MI_ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(x) x
 #else
  #define MI_ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(x) ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(x)
diff --git a/Include/internal/mimalloc/mimalloc/prim.h b/Include/internal/mimalloc/mimalloc/prim.h
index 8a60d528458e6c..322ab29e6b41c2 100644
--- a/Include/internal/mimalloc/mimalloc/prim.h
+++ b/Include/internal/mimalloc/mimalloc/prim.h
@@ -151,9 +151,9 @@ static inline mi_threadid_t _mi_prim_thread_id(void) mi_attr_noexcept {
 // If you test on another platform and it works please send a PR :-)
 // see also https://akkadia.org/drepper/tls.pdf for more info on the TLS register.
 #elif defined(__GNUC__) && ( \
-           (defined(__GLIBC__)   && (defined(__x86_64__) || defined(__i386__) || defined(__arm__) || defined(__aarch64__))) \
+           (defined(__GLIBC__)   && (defined(__x86_64__) || defined(__i386__) || (defined(__arm__) && __ARM_ARCH >= 7) || defined(__aarch64__))) \
         || (defined(__APPLE__)   && (defined(__x86_64__) || defined(__aarch64__))) \
-        || (defined(__BIONIC__)  && (defined(__x86_64__) || defined(__i386__) || defined(__arm__) || defined(__aarch64__))) \
+        || (defined(__BIONIC__)  && (defined(__x86_64__) || defined(__i386__) || (defined(__arm__) && __ARM_ARCH >= 7) || defined(__aarch64__))) \
         || (defined(__FreeBSD__) && (defined(__x86_64__) || defined(__i386__) || defined(__aarch64__))) \
         || (defined(__OpenBSD__) && (defined(__x86_64__) || defined(__i386__) || defined(__aarch64__))) \
       )
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_audit.h b/Include/internal/pycore_audit.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..2811aaa6236123
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_audit.h
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#ifndef Py_INTERNAL_AUDIT_H
+#define Py_INTERNAL_AUDIT_H
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+#ifndef Py_BUILD_CORE
+#  error "this header requires Py_BUILD_CORE define"
+#endif
+
+
+/* Runtime audit hook state */
+
+typedef struct _Py_AuditHookEntry {
+    struct _Py_AuditHookEntry *next;
+    Py_AuditHookFunction hookCFunction;
+    void *userData;
+} _Py_AuditHookEntry;
+
+
+extern int _PySys_Audit(
+    PyThreadState *tstate,
+    const char *event,
+    const char *argFormat,
+    ...);
+
+// _PySys_ClearAuditHooks() must not be exported: use extern rather than
+// PyAPI_FUNC(). We want minimal exposure of this function.
+extern void _PySys_ClearAuditHooks(PyThreadState *tstate);
+
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+#endif /* !Py_INTERNAL_AUDIT_H */
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_backoff.h b/Include/internal/pycore_backoff.h
index 90735b202c7a93..20436a68b69677 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_backoff.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_backoff.h
@@ -13,6 +13,12 @@ extern "C" {
 #include <stdbool.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 
+
+typedef struct {
+    uint16_t value_and_backoff;
+} _Py_BackoffCounter;
+
+
 /* 16-bit countdown counters using exponential backoff.
 
    These are used by the adaptive specializer to count down until
@@ -26,17 +32,19 @@ extern "C" {
    and a 4-bit 'backoff' field. When resetting the counter, the
    backoff field is incremented (until it reaches a limit) and the
    value is set to a bit mask representing the value 2**backoff - 1.
-   The maximum backoff is 12 (the number of value bits).
+   The maximum backoff is 12 (the number of bits in the value).
 
    There is an exceptional value which must not be updated, 0xFFFF.
 */
 
-#define UNREACHABLE_BACKOFF 0xFFFF
+#define BACKOFF_BITS 4
+#define MAX_BACKOFF 12
+#define UNREACHABLE_BACKOFF 15
 
 static inline bool
 is_unreachable_backoff_counter(_Py_BackoffCounter counter)
 {
-    return counter.as_counter == UNREACHABLE_BACKOFF;
+    return counter.value_and_backoff == UNREACHABLE_BACKOFF;
 }
 
 static inline _Py_BackoffCounter
@@ -45,8 +53,7 @@ make_backoff_counter(uint16_t value, uint16_t backoff)
     assert(backoff <= 15);
     assert(value <= 0xFFF);
     _Py_BackoffCounter result;
-    result.value = value;
-    result.backoff = backoff;
+    result.value_and_backoff = (value << BACKOFF_BITS) | backoff;
     return result;
 }
 
@@ -54,7 +61,7 @@ static inline _Py_BackoffCounter
 forge_backoff_counter(uint16_t counter)
 {
     _Py_BackoffCounter result;
-    result.as_counter = counter;
+    result.value_and_backoff = counter;
     return result;
 }
 
@@ -62,41 +69,42 @@ static inline _Py_BackoffCounter
 restart_backoff_counter(_Py_BackoffCounter counter)
 {
     assert(!is_unreachable_backoff_counter(counter));
-    if (counter.backoff < 12) {
-        return make_backoff_counter((1 << (counter.backoff + 1)) - 1, counter.backoff + 1);
+    int backoff = counter.value_and_backoff & 15;
+    if (backoff < MAX_BACKOFF) {
+        return make_backoff_counter((1 << (backoff + 1)) - 1, backoff + 1);
     }
     else {
-        return make_backoff_counter((1 << 12) - 1, 12);
+        return make_backoff_counter((1 << MAX_BACKOFF) - 1, MAX_BACKOFF);
     }
 }
 
 static inline _Py_BackoffCounter
 pause_backoff_counter(_Py_BackoffCounter counter)
 {
-    return make_backoff_counter(counter.value | 1, counter.backoff);
+    _Py_BackoffCounter result;
+    result.value_and_backoff = counter.value_and_backoff | (1 << BACKOFF_BITS);
+    return result;
 }
 
 static inline _Py_BackoffCounter
 advance_backoff_counter(_Py_BackoffCounter counter)
 {
-    if (!is_unreachable_backoff_counter(counter)) {
-        return make_backoff_counter((counter.value - 1) & 0xFFF, counter.backoff);
-    }
-    else {
-        return counter;
-    }
+    _Py_BackoffCounter result;
+    result.value_and_backoff = counter.value_and_backoff - (1 << BACKOFF_BITS);
+    return result;
 }
 
 static inline bool
 backoff_counter_triggers(_Py_BackoffCounter counter)
 {
-    return counter.value == 0;
+    /* Test whether the value is zero and the backoff is not UNREACHABLE_BACKOFF */
+    return counter.value_and_backoff < UNREACHABLE_BACKOFF;
 }
 
 /* Initial JUMP_BACKWARD counter.
  * This determines when we create a trace for a loop.
 * Backoff sequence 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024, 2048, 4096. */
-#define JUMP_BACKWARD_INITIAL_VALUE 16
+#define JUMP_BACKWARD_INITIAL_VALUE 15
 #define JUMP_BACKWARD_INITIAL_BACKOFF 4
 static inline _Py_BackoffCounter
 initial_jump_backoff_counter(void)
@@ -110,21 +118,21 @@ initial_jump_backoff_counter(void)
  * otherwise when a side exit warms up we may construct
  * a new trace before the Tier 1 code has properly re-specialized.
  * Backoff sequence 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024, 2048, 4096. */
-#define COLD_EXIT_INITIAL_VALUE 64
-#define COLD_EXIT_INITIAL_BACKOFF 6
+#define SIDE_EXIT_INITIAL_VALUE 63
+#define SIDE_EXIT_INITIAL_BACKOFF 6
 
 static inline _Py_BackoffCounter
 initial_temperature_backoff_counter(void)
 {
-    return make_backoff_counter(COLD_EXIT_INITIAL_VALUE,
-                                COLD_EXIT_INITIAL_BACKOFF);
+    return make_backoff_counter(SIDE_EXIT_INITIAL_VALUE,
+                                SIDE_EXIT_INITIAL_BACKOFF);
 }
 
 /* Unreachable backoff counter. */
 static inline _Py_BackoffCounter
 initial_unreachable_backoff_counter(void)
 {
-    return forge_backoff_counter(UNREACHABLE_BACKOFF);
+    return make_backoff_counter(0, UNREACHABLE_BACKOFF);
 }
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_bytesobject.h b/Include/internal/pycore_bytesobject.h
index 94d421a9eb742a..300e7f4896a39e 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_bytesobject.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_bytesobject.h
@@ -23,10 +23,6 @@ extern PyObject* _PyBytes_FromHex(
 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject*) _PyBytes_DecodeEscape(const char *, Py_ssize_t,
                                             const char *, const char **);
 
-/* _PyBytes_Join(sep, x) is like sep.join(x).  sep must be PyBytesObject*,
-   x must be an iterable object. */
-extern PyObject* _PyBytes_Join(PyObject *sep, PyObject *x);
-
 
 // Substring Search.
 //
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_call.h b/Include/internal/pycore_call.h
index c92028a01299e2..49f5c3322de267 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_call.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_call.h
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ extern "C" {
 #  error "this header requires Py_BUILD_CORE define"
 #endif
 
-#include "pycore_identifier.h"    // _Py_Identifier
 #include "pycore_pystate.h"       // _PyThreadState_GET()
 
 /* Suggested size (number of positional arguments) for arrays of PyObject*
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_ceval.h b/Include/internal/pycore_ceval.h
index 26ede31b1904b4..411bbff106dd69 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_ceval.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_ceval.h
@@ -83,9 +83,6 @@ extern void _PyEval_Fini(void);
 
 
 extern PyObject* _PyEval_GetBuiltins(PyThreadState *tstate);
-extern PyObject* _PyEval_BuiltinsFromGlobals(
-    PyThreadState *tstate,
-    PyObject *globals);
 
 // Trampoline API
 
@@ -245,6 +242,14 @@ typedef PyObject *(*conversion_func)(PyObject *);
 PyAPI_DATA(const binaryfunc) _PyEval_BinaryOps[];
 PyAPI_DATA(const conversion_func) _PyEval_ConversionFuncs[];
 
+typedef struct _special_method {
+    PyObject *name;
+    const char *error;
+} _Py_SpecialMethod;
+
+PyAPI_DATA(const _Py_SpecialMethod) _Py_SpecialMethods[];
+PyAPI_DATA(const size_t) _Py_FunctionAttributeOffsets[];
+
 PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyEval_CheckExceptStarTypeValid(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject* right);
 PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyEval_CheckExceptTypeValid(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject* right);
 PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyEval_ExceptionGroupMatch(PyObject* exc_value, PyObject *match_type, PyObject **match, PyObject **rest);
@@ -252,11 +257,23 @@ PyAPI_FUNC(void) _PyEval_FormatAwaitableError(PyThreadState *tstate, PyTypeObjec
 PyAPI_FUNC(void) _PyEval_FormatExcCheckArg(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *exc, const char *format_str, PyObject *obj);
 PyAPI_FUNC(void) _PyEval_FormatExcUnbound(PyThreadState *tstate, PyCodeObject *co, int oparg);
 PyAPI_FUNC(void) _PyEval_FormatKwargsError(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *func, PyObject *kwargs);
+PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _PyEval_ImportFrom(PyThreadState *, PyObject *, PyObject *);
+PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _PyEval_ImportName(PyThreadState *, _PyInterpreterFrame *, PyObject *, PyObject *, PyObject *);
 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *)_PyEval_MatchClass(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *subject, PyObject *type, Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObject *kwargs);
 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *)_PyEval_MatchKeys(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *map, PyObject *keys);
-PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyEval_UnpackIterable(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *v, int argcnt, int argcntafter, PyObject **sp);
+PyAPI_FUNC(void) _PyEval_MonitorRaise(PyThreadState *tstate, _PyInterpreterFrame *frame, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr);
+PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyEval_UnpackIterableStackRef(PyThreadState *tstate, _PyStackRef v, int argcnt, int argcntafter, _PyStackRef *sp);
 PyAPI_FUNC(void) _PyEval_FrameClearAndPop(PyThreadState *tstate, _PyInterpreterFrame *frame);
+PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject **) _PyObjectArray_FromStackRefArray(_PyStackRef *input, Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObject **scratch);
 
+PyAPI_FUNC(void) _PyObjectArray_Free(PyObject **array, PyObject **scratch);
+
+PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _PyEval_GetANext(PyObject *aiter);
+PyAPI_FUNC(void) _PyEval_LoadGlobalStackRef(PyObject *globals, PyObject *builtins, PyObject *name, _PyStackRef *writeto);
+PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _PyEval_GetAwaitable(PyObject *iterable, int oparg);
+PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _PyEval_LoadName(PyThreadState *tstate, _PyInterpreterFrame *frame, PyObject *name);
+PyAPI_FUNC(int)
+_Py_Check_ArgsIterable(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *func, PyObject *args);
 
 /* Bits that can be set in PyThreadState.eval_breaker */
 #define _PY_GIL_DROP_REQUEST_BIT (1U << 0)
@@ -266,6 +283,7 @@ PyAPI_FUNC(void) _PyEval_FrameClearAndPop(PyThreadState *tstate, _PyInterpreterF
 #define _PY_GC_SCHEDULED_BIT (1U << 4)
 #define _PY_EVAL_PLEASE_STOP_BIT (1U << 5)
 #define _PY_EVAL_EXPLICIT_MERGE_BIT (1U << 6)
+#define _PY_EVAL_JIT_INVALIDATE_COLD_BIT (1U << 7)
 
 /* Reserve a few bits for future use */
 #define _PY_EVAL_EVENTS_BITS 8
@@ -295,6 +313,8 @@ _Py_eval_breaker_bit_is_set(PyThreadState *tstate, uintptr_t bit)
 void _Py_set_eval_breaker_bit_all(PyInterpreterState *interp, uintptr_t bit);
 void _Py_unset_eval_breaker_bit_all(PyInterpreterState *interp, uintptr_t bit);
 
+PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _PyFloat_FromDouble_ConsumeInputs(_PyStackRef left, _PyStackRef right, double value);
+
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_code.h b/Include/internal/pycore_code.h
index bcbaf60f226c77..57e0a14bb9b5bd 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_code.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_code.h
@@ -8,7 +8,55 @@ extern "C" {
 #  error "this header requires Py_BUILD_CORE define"
 #endif
 
+#include "pycore_stackref.h"    // _PyStackRef
 #include "pycore_lock.h"        // PyMutex
+#include "pycore_backoff.h"     // _Py_BackoffCounter
+
+
+/* Each instruction in a code object is a fixed-width value,
+ * currently 2 bytes: 1-byte opcode + 1-byte oparg.  The EXTENDED_ARG
+ * opcode allows for larger values but the current limit is 3 uses
+ * of EXTENDED_ARG (see Python/compile.c), for a maximum
+ * 32-bit value.  This aligns with the note in Python/compile.c
+ * (compiler_addop_i_line) indicating that the max oparg value is
+ * 2**32 - 1, rather than INT_MAX.
+ */
+
+typedef union {
+    uint16_t cache;
+    struct {
+        uint8_t code;
+        uint8_t arg;
+    } op;
+    _Py_BackoffCounter counter;  // First cache entry of specializable op
+} _Py_CODEUNIT;
+
+#define _PyCode_CODE(CO) _Py_RVALUE((_Py_CODEUNIT *)(CO)->co_code_adaptive)
+#define _PyCode_NBYTES(CO) (Py_SIZE(CO) * (Py_ssize_t)sizeof(_Py_CODEUNIT))
+
+
+/* These macros only remain defined for compatibility. */
+#define _Py_OPCODE(word) ((word).op.code)
+#define _Py_OPARG(word) ((word).op.arg)
+
+static inline _Py_CODEUNIT
+_py_make_codeunit(uint8_t opcode, uint8_t oparg)
+{
+    // No designated initialisers because of C++ compat
+    _Py_CODEUNIT word;
+    word.op.code = opcode;
+    word.op.arg = oparg;
+    return word;
+}
+
+static inline void
+_py_set_opcode(_Py_CODEUNIT *word, uint8_t opcode)
+{
+    word->op.code = opcode;
+}
+
+#define _Py_MAKE_CODEUNIT(opcode, oparg) _py_make_codeunit((opcode), (oparg))
+#define _Py_SET_OPCODE(word, opcode) _py_set_opcode(&(word), (opcode))
 
 
 // We hide some of the newer PyCodeObject fields behind macros.
@@ -108,6 +156,7 @@ typedef struct {
 } _PyCallCache;
 
 #define INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL CACHE_ENTRIES(_PyCallCache)
+#define INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL_KW CACHE_ENTRIES(_PyCallCache)
 
 typedef struct {
     _Py_BackoffCounter counter;
@@ -273,30 +322,32 @@ extern void _PyCode_Clear_Executors(PyCodeObject *code);
 
 /* Specialization functions */
 
-extern void _Py_Specialize_LoadSuperAttr(PyObject *global_super, PyObject *cls,
+extern void _Py_Specialize_LoadSuperAttr(_PyStackRef global_super, _PyStackRef cls,
                                          _Py_CODEUNIT *instr, int load_method);
-extern void _Py_Specialize_LoadAttr(PyObject *owner, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr,
+extern void _Py_Specialize_LoadAttr(_PyStackRef owner, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr,
                                     PyObject *name);
-extern void _Py_Specialize_StoreAttr(PyObject *owner, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr,
+extern void _Py_Specialize_StoreAttr(_PyStackRef owner, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr,
                                      PyObject *name);
 extern void _Py_Specialize_LoadGlobal(PyObject *globals, PyObject *builtins,
                                       _Py_CODEUNIT *instr, PyObject *name);
-extern void _Py_Specialize_BinarySubscr(PyObject *sub, PyObject *container,
+extern void _Py_Specialize_BinarySubscr(_PyStackRef sub, _PyStackRef container,
                                         _Py_CODEUNIT *instr);
-extern void _Py_Specialize_StoreSubscr(PyObject *container, PyObject *sub,
+extern void _Py_Specialize_StoreSubscr(_PyStackRef container, _PyStackRef sub,
                                        _Py_CODEUNIT *instr);
-extern void _Py_Specialize_Call(PyObject *callable, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr,
+extern void _Py_Specialize_Call(_PyStackRef callable, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr,
                                 int nargs);
-extern void _Py_Specialize_BinaryOp(PyObject *lhs, PyObject *rhs, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr,
-                                    int oparg, PyObject **locals);
-extern void _Py_Specialize_CompareOp(PyObject *lhs, PyObject *rhs,
+extern void _Py_Specialize_CallKw(_PyStackRef callable, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr,
+                                  int nargs);
+extern void _Py_Specialize_BinaryOp(_PyStackRef lhs, _PyStackRef rhs, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr,
+                                    int oparg, _PyStackRef *locals);
+extern void _Py_Specialize_CompareOp(_PyStackRef lhs, _PyStackRef rhs,
                                      _Py_CODEUNIT *instr, int oparg);
-extern void _Py_Specialize_UnpackSequence(PyObject *seq, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr,
+extern void _Py_Specialize_UnpackSequence(_PyStackRef seq, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr,
                                           int oparg);
-extern void _Py_Specialize_ForIter(PyObject *iter, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr, int oparg);
-extern void _Py_Specialize_Send(PyObject *receiver, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr);
-extern void _Py_Specialize_ToBool(PyObject *value, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr);
-extern void _Py_Specialize_ContainsOp(PyObject *value, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr);
+extern void _Py_Specialize_ForIter(_PyStackRef iter, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr, int oparg);
+extern void _Py_Specialize_Send(_PyStackRef receiver, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr);
+extern void _Py_Specialize_ToBool(_PyStackRef value, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr);
+extern void _Py_Specialize_ContainsOp(_PyStackRef value, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr);
 
 #ifdef Py_STATS
 
@@ -333,6 +384,7 @@ extern void _Py_Specialize_ContainsOp(PyObject *value, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr);
         } \
     } while (0)
 #define RARE_EVENT_STAT_INC(name) do { if (_Py_stats) _Py_stats->rare_event_stats.name++; } while (0)
+#define OPCODE_DEFERRED_INC(opname) do { if (_Py_stats && opcode == opname) _Py_stats->opcode_stats[opname].specialization.deferred++; } while (0)
 
 // Export for '_opcode' shared extension
 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject*) _Py_GetSpecializationStats(void);
@@ -354,6 +406,7 @@ PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject*) _Py_GetSpecializationStats(void);
 #define OPT_ERROR_IN_OPCODE(opname) ((void)0)
 #define OPT_HIST(length, name) ((void)0)
 #define RARE_EVENT_STAT_INC(name) ((void)0)
+#define OPCODE_DEFERRED_INC(opname) ((void)0)
 #endif  // !Py_STATS
 
 // Utility functions for reading/writing 32/64-bit values in the inline caches.
@@ -490,8 +543,9 @@ write_location_entry_start(uint8_t *ptr, int code, int length)
 #define ADAPTIVE_COOLDOWN_BACKOFF 0
 
 // Can't assert this in pycore_backoff.h because of header order dependencies
-static_assert(COLD_EXIT_INITIAL_VALUE > ADAPTIVE_COOLDOWN_VALUE,
-    "Cold exit value should be larger than adaptive cooldown value");
+#if SIDE_EXIT_INITIAL_VALUE <= ADAPTIVE_COOLDOWN_VALUE
+#  error  "Cold exit value should be larger than adaptive cooldown value"
+#endif
 
 static inline _Py_BackoffCounter
 adaptive_counter_bits(uint16_t value, uint16_t backoff) {
@@ -538,10 +592,14 @@ adaptive_counter_backoff(_Py_BackoffCounter counter) {
 
 extern int _Py_Instrument(PyCodeObject *co, PyInterpreterState *interp);
 
-extern int _Py_GetBaseOpcode(PyCodeObject *code, int offset);
+extern _Py_CODEUNIT _Py_GetBaseCodeUnit(PyCodeObject *code, int offset);
 
 extern int _PyInstruction_GetLength(PyCodeObject *code, int offset);
 
+struct _PyCode8 _PyCode_DEF(8);
+
+PyAPI_DATA(const struct _PyCode8) _Py_InitCleanup;
+
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_codecs.h b/Include/internal/pycore_codecs.h
index 5e2d5c5ce9d868..4400be8b33dee7 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_codecs.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_codecs.h
@@ -21,6 +21,17 @@ extern void _PyCodec_Fini(PyInterpreterState *interp);
 
 extern PyObject* _PyCodec_Lookup(const char *encoding);
 
+/*
+ * Un-register the error handling callback function registered under
+ * the given 'name'. Only custom error handlers can be un-registered.
+ *
+ * - Return -1 and set an exception if 'name' refers to a built-in
+ *   error handling name (e.g., 'strict'), or if an error occurred.
+ * - Return 0 if no custom error handler can be found for 'name'.
+ * - Return 1 if the custom error handler was successfully removed.
+ */
+extern int _PyCodec_UnregisterError(const char *name);
+
 /* Text codec specific encoding and decoding API.
 
    Checks the encoding against a list of codecs which do not
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_compile.h b/Include/internal/pycore_compile.h
index a1ac034e3e44af..9f0ca33892a43b 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_compile.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_compile.h
@@ -8,6 +8,9 @@ extern "C" {
 #  error "this header requires Py_BUILD_CORE define"
 #endif
 
+#include <stdbool.h>
+
+#include "pycore_ast.h"       // mod_ty
 #include "pycore_symtable.h"  // _Py_SourceLocation
 #include "pycore_instruction_sequence.h"
 
@@ -30,8 +33,6 @@ extern int _PyCompile_AstOptimize(
     int optimize,
     struct _arena *arena);
 
-struct _Py_SourceLocation;
-
 extern int _PyAST_Optimize(
     struct _mod *,
     struct _arena *arena,
@@ -63,6 +64,115 @@ typedef struct {
     int u_firstlineno; /* the first lineno of the block */
 } _PyCompile_CodeUnitMetadata;
 
+struct _PyCompiler;
+
+typedef enum {
+    COMPILE_OP_FAST,
+    COMPILE_OP_GLOBAL,
+    COMPILE_OP_DEREF,
+    COMPILE_OP_NAME,
+} _PyCompile_optype;
+
+/* _PyCompile_FBlockInfo tracks the current frame block.
+ *
+ * A frame block is used to handle loops, try/except, and try/finally.
+ * It's called a frame block to distinguish it from a basic block in the
+ * compiler IR.
+ */
+
+enum _PyCompile_FBlockType {
+     COMPILE_FBLOCK_WHILE_LOOP,
+     COMPILE_FBLOCK_FOR_LOOP,
+     COMPILE_FBLOCK_TRY_EXCEPT,
+     COMPILE_FBLOCK_FINALLY_TRY,
+     COMPILE_FBLOCK_FINALLY_END,
+     COMPILE_FBLOCK_WITH,
+     COMPILE_FBLOCK_ASYNC_WITH,
+     COMPILE_FBLOCK_HANDLER_CLEANUP,
+     COMPILE_FBLOCK_POP_VALUE,
+     COMPILE_FBLOCK_EXCEPTION_HANDLER,
+     COMPILE_FBLOCK_EXCEPTION_GROUP_HANDLER,
+     COMPILE_FBLOCK_ASYNC_COMPREHENSION_GENERATOR,
+     COMPILE_FBLOCK_STOP_ITERATION,
+};
+
+typedef struct {
+    enum _PyCompile_FBlockType fb_type;
+    _PyJumpTargetLabel fb_block;
+    _Py_SourceLocation fb_loc;
+    /* (optional) type-specific exit or cleanup block */
+    _PyJumpTargetLabel fb_exit;
+    /* (optional) additional information required for unwinding */
+    void *fb_datum;
+} _PyCompile_FBlockInfo;
+
+
+int _PyCompile_PushFBlock(struct _PyCompiler *c, _Py_SourceLocation loc,
+                          enum _PyCompile_FBlockType t,
+                          _PyJumpTargetLabel block_label,
+                          _PyJumpTargetLabel exit, void *datum);
+void _PyCompile_PopFBlock(struct _PyCompiler *c, enum _PyCompile_FBlockType t,
+                          _PyJumpTargetLabel block_label);
+_PyCompile_FBlockInfo *_PyCompile_TopFBlock(struct _PyCompiler *c);
+
+int _PyCompile_EnterScope(struct _PyCompiler *c, identifier name, int scope_type,
+                          void *key, int lineno, PyObject *private,
+                          _PyCompile_CodeUnitMetadata *umd);
+void _PyCompile_ExitScope(struct _PyCompiler *c);
+Py_ssize_t _PyCompile_AddConst(struct _PyCompiler *c, PyObject *o);
+_PyInstructionSequence *_PyCompile_InstrSequence(struct _PyCompiler *c);
+int _PyCompile_FutureFeatures(struct _PyCompiler *c);
+PyObject *_PyCompile_DeferredAnnotations(struct _PyCompiler *c);
+PyObject *_PyCompile_Mangle(struct _PyCompiler *c, PyObject *name);
+PyObject *_PyCompile_MaybeMangle(struct _PyCompiler *c, PyObject *name);
+int _PyCompile_MaybeAddStaticAttributeToClass(struct _PyCompiler *c, expr_ty e);
+int _PyCompile_GetRefType(struct _PyCompiler *c, PyObject *name);
+int _PyCompile_LookupCellvar(struct _PyCompiler *c, PyObject *name);
+int _PyCompile_ResolveNameop(struct _PyCompiler *c, PyObject *mangled, int scope,
+                             _PyCompile_optype *optype, Py_ssize_t *arg);
+
+int _PyCompile_IsInteractiveTopLevel(struct _PyCompiler *c);
+int _PyCompile_IsInInlinedComp(struct _PyCompiler *c);
+int _PyCompile_ScopeType(struct _PyCompiler *c);
+int _PyCompile_OptimizationLevel(struct _PyCompiler *c);
+int _PyCompile_LookupArg(struct _PyCompiler *c, PyCodeObject *co, PyObject *name);
+PyObject *_PyCompile_Qualname(struct _PyCompiler *c);
+_PyCompile_CodeUnitMetadata *_PyCompile_Metadata(struct _PyCompiler *c);
+PyObject *_PyCompile_StaticAttributesAsTuple(struct _PyCompiler *c);
+
+struct symtable *_PyCompile_Symtable(struct _PyCompiler *c);
+PySTEntryObject *_PyCompile_SymtableEntry(struct _PyCompiler *c);
+
+enum {
+    COMPILE_SCOPE_MODULE,
+    COMPILE_SCOPE_CLASS,
+    COMPILE_SCOPE_FUNCTION,
+    COMPILE_SCOPE_ASYNC_FUNCTION,
+    COMPILE_SCOPE_LAMBDA,
+    COMPILE_SCOPE_COMPREHENSION,
+    COMPILE_SCOPE_ANNOTATIONS,
+};
+
+
+typedef struct {
+    PyObject *pushed_locals;
+    PyObject *temp_symbols;
+    PyObject *fast_hidden;
+    _PyJumpTargetLabel cleanup;
+} _PyCompile_InlinedComprehensionState;
+
+int _PyCompile_TweakInlinedComprehensionScopes(struct _PyCompiler *c, _Py_SourceLocation loc,
+                                               PySTEntryObject *entry,
+                                               _PyCompile_InlinedComprehensionState *state);
+int _PyCompile_RevertInlinedComprehensionScopes(struct _PyCompiler *c, _Py_SourceLocation loc,
+                                                _PyCompile_InlinedComprehensionState *state);
+int _PyCompile_AddDeferredAnnotaion(struct _PyCompiler *c, stmt_ty s);
+
+int _PyCodegen_AddReturnAtEnd(struct _PyCompiler *c, int addNone);
+int _PyCodegen_EnterAnonymousScope(struct _PyCompiler* c, mod_ty mod);
+int _PyCodegen_Expression(struct _PyCompiler *c, expr_ty e);
+int _PyCodegen_Body(struct _PyCompiler *c, _Py_SourceLocation loc, asdl_stmt_seq *stmts,
+                    bool is_interactive);
 
 /* Utility for a number of growing arrays used in the compiler */
 int _PyCompile_EnsureArrayLargeEnough(
@@ -74,17 +184,13 @@ int _PyCompile_EnsureArrayLargeEnough(
 
 int _PyCompile_ConstCacheMergeOne(PyObject *const_cache, PyObject **obj);
 
+PyCodeObject *_PyCompile_OptimizeAndAssemble(struct _PyCompiler *c, int addNone);
 
-// Export for '_opcode' extension module
-PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyCompile_OpcodeIsValid(int opcode);
-PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyCompile_OpcodeHasArg(int opcode);
-PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyCompile_OpcodeHasConst(int opcode);
-PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyCompile_OpcodeHasName(int opcode);
-PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyCompile_OpcodeHasJump(int opcode);
-PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyCompile_OpcodeHasFree(int opcode);
-PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyCompile_OpcodeHasLocal(int opcode);
-PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyCompile_OpcodeHasExc(int opcode);
+Py_ssize_t _PyCompile_DictAddObj(PyObject *dict, PyObject *o);
+int _PyCompile_Error(struct _PyCompiler *c, _Py_SourceLocation loc, const char *format, ...);
+int _PyCompile_Warn(struct _PyCompiler *c, _Py_SourceLocation loc, const char *format, ...);
 
+// Export for '_opcode' extension module
 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject*) _PyCompile_GetUnaryIntrinsicName(int index);
 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject*) _PyCompile_GetBinaryIntrinsicName(int index);
 
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_context.h b/Include/internal/pycore_context.h
index ae5c47f195eb7f..c2b98d15da68fa 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_context.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_context.h
@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@
 #  error "this header requires Py_BUILD_CORE define"
 #endif
 
-#include "pycore_freelist.h"      // _PyFreeListState
 #include "pycore_hamt.h"          // PyHamtObject
 
+#define CONTEXT_MAX_WATCHERS 8
 
 extern PyTypeObject _PyContextTokenMissing_Type;
 
@@ -35,9 +35,11 @@ struct _pycontextvarobject {
     PyObject_HEAD
     PyObject *var_name;
     PyObject *var_default;
+#ifndef Py_GIL_DISABLED
     PyObject *var_cached;
     uint64_t var_cached_tsid;
     uint64_t var_cached_tsver;
+#endif
     Py_hash_t var_hash;
 };
 
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_critical_section.h b/Include/internal/pycore_critical_section.h
index 7bebcdb67c7169..78cd0d54972660 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_critical_section.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_critical_section.h
@@ -13,75 +13,9 @@
 extern "C" {
 #endif
 
-// Implementation of Python critical sections
-//
-// Conceptually, critical sections are a deadlock avoidance layer on top of
-// per-object locks. These helpers, in combination with those locks, replace
-// our usage of the global interpreter lock to provide thread-safety for
-// otherwise thread-unsafe objects, such as dict.
-//
-// NOTE: These APIs are no-ops in non-free-threaded builds.
-//
-// Straightforward per-object locking could introduce deadlocks that were not
-// present when running with the GIL. Threads may hold locks for multiple
-// objects simultaneously because Python operations can nest. If threads were
-// to acquire the same locks in different orders, they would deadlock.
-//
-// One way to avoid deadlocks is to allow threads to hold only the lock (or
-// locks) for a single operation at a time (typically a single lock, but some
-// operations involve two locks). When a thread begins a nested operation it
-// could suspend the locks for any outer operation: before beginning the nested
-// operation, the locks for the outer operation are released and when the
-// nested operation completes, the locks for the outer operation are
-// reacquired.
-//
-// To improve performance, this API uses a variation of the above scheme.
-// Instead of immediately suspending locks any time a nested operation begins,
-// locks are only suspended if the thread would block. This reduces the number
-// of lock acquisitions and releases for nested operations, while still
-// avoiding deadlocks.
-//
-// Additionally, the locks for any active operation are suspended around
-// other potentially blocking operations, such as I/O. This is because the
-// interaction between locks and blocking operations can lead to deadlocks in
-// the same way as the interaction between multiple locks.
-//
-// Each thread's critical sections and their corresponding locks are tracked in
-// a stack in `PyThreadState.critical_section`. When a thread calls
-// `_PyThreadState_Detach()`, such as before a blocking I/O operation or when
-// waiting to acquire a lock, the thread suspends all of its active critical
-// sections, temporarily releasing the associated locks. When the thread calls
-// `_PyThreadState_Attach()`, it resumes the top-most (i.e., most recent)
-// critical section by reacquiring the associated lock or locks.  See
-// `_PyCriticalSection_Resume()`.
-//
-// NOTE: Only the top-most critical section is guaranteed to be active.
-// Operations that need to lock two objects at once must use
-// `Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION2()`. You *CANNOT* use nested critical sections
-// to lock more than one object at once, because the inner critical section
-// may  suspend the outer critical sections. This API does not provide a way
-// to lock more than two objects at once (though it could be added later
-// if actually needed).
-//
-// NOTE: Critical sections implicitly behave like reentrant locks because
-// attempting to acquire the same lock will suspend any outer (earlier)
-// critical sections. However, they are less efficient for this use case than
-// purposefully designed reentrant locks.
-//
-// Example usage:
-//  Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(op);
-//  ...
-//  Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
-//
-// To lock two objects at once:
-//  Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION2(op1, op2);
-//  ...
-//  Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION2();
-
-
 // Tagged pointers to critical sections use the two least significant bits to
 // mark if the pointed-to critical section is inactive and whether it is a
-// _PyCriticalSection2 object.
+// PyCriticalSection2 object.
 #define _Py_CRITICAL_SECTION_INACTIVE       0x1
 #define _Py_CRITICAL_SECTION_TWO_MUTEXES    0x2
 #define _Py_CRITICAL_SECTION_MASK           0x3
@@ -89,24 +23,13 @@ extern "C" {
 #ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
 # define Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION_MUT(mutex)                           \
     {                                                                   \
-        _PyCriticalSection _cs;                                         \
-        _PyCriticalSection_Begin(&_cs, mutex)
-
-# define Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(op)                                  \
-        Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION_MUT(&_PyObject_CAST(op)->ob_mutex)
+        PyCriticalSection _py_cs;                                       \
+        _PyCriticalSection_BeginMutex(&_py_cs, mutex)
 
-# define Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION()                                      \
-        _PyCriticalSection_End(&_cs);                                   \
-    }
-
-# define Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION2(a, b)                               \
+# define Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION2_MUT(m1, m2)                         \
     {                                                                   \
-        _PyCriticalSection2 _cs2;                                       \
-        _PyCriticalSection2_Begin(&_cs2, &_PyObject_CAST(a)->ob_mutex, &_PyObject_CAST(b)->ob_mutex)
-
-# define Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION2()                                     \
-        _PyCriticalSection2_End(&_cs2);                                 \
-    }
+        PyCriticalSection2 _py_cs2;                                     \
+        _PyCriticalSection2_BeginMutex(&_py_cs2, m1, m2)
 
 // Specialized version of critical section locking to safely use
 // PySequence_Fast APIs without the GIL. For performance, the argument *to*
@@ -117,21 +40,21 @@ extern "C" {
     {                                                                   \
         PyObject *_orig_seq = _PyObject_CAST(original);                 \
         const bool _should_lock_cs = PyList_CheckExact(_orig_seq);      \
-        _PyCriticalSection _cs;                                         \
+        PyCriticalSection _cs;                                          \
         if (_should_lock_cs) {                                          \
-            _PyCriticalSection_Begin(&_cs, &_orig_seq->ob_mutex);       \
+            _PyCriticalSection_Begin(&_cs, _orig_seq);                  \
         }
 
 # define Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION_SEQUENCE_FAST()                        \
         if (_should_lock_cs) {                                          \
-            _PyCriticalSection_End(&_cs);                               \
+            PyCriticalSection_End(&_cs);                                \
         }                                                               \
     }
 
 // Asserts that the mutex is locked.  The mutex must be held by the
 // top-most critical section otherwise there's the possibility
 // that the mutex would be swalled out in some code paths.
-#define  _Py_CRITICAL_SECTION_ASSERT_MUTEX_LOCKED(mutex) \
+#define _Py_CRITICAL_SECTION_ASSERT_MUTEX_LOCKED(mutex) \
     _PyCriticalSection_AssertHeld(mutex)
 
 // Asserts that the mutex for the given object is locked. The mutex must
@@ -139,73 +62,57 @@ extern "C" {
 // possibility that the mutex would be swalled out in some code paths.
 #ifdef Py_DEBUG
 
-#define  _Py_CRITICAL_SECTION_ASSERT_OBJECT_LOCKED(op)                           \
+# define _Py_CRITICAL_SECTION_ASSERT_OBJECT_LOCKED(op)                           \
     if (Py_REFCNT(op) != 1) {                                                    \
         _Py_CRITICAL_SECTION_ASSERT_MUTEX_LOCKED(&_PyObject_CAST(op)->ob_mutex); \
     }
 
 #else   /* Py_DEBUG */
 
-#define  _Py_CRITICAL_SECTION_ASSERT_OBJECT_LOCKED(op)
+# define _Py_CRITICAL_SECTION_ASSERT_OBJECT_LOCKED(op)
 
 #endif  /* Py_DEBUG */
 
 #else  /* !Py_GIL_DISABLED */
 // The critical section APIs are no-ops with the GIL.
-# define Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION_MUT(mut)
-# define Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(op)
-# define Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION()
-# define Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION2(a, b)
-# define Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION2()
-# define Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION_SEQUENCE_FAST(original)
-# define Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION_SEQUENCE_FAST()
+# define Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION_MUT(mut) {
+# define Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION2_MUT(m1, m2) {
+# define Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION_SEQUENCE_FAST(original) {
+# define Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION_SEQUENCE_FAST() }
 # define _Py_CRITICAL_SECTION_ASSERT_MUTEX_LOCKED(mutex)
 # define _Py_CRITICAL_SECTION_ASSERT_OBJECT_LOCKED(op)
 #endif  /* !Py_GIL_DISABLED */
 
-typedef struct {
-    // Tagged pointer to an outer active critical section (or 0).
-    // The two least-significant-bits indicate whether the pointed-to critical
-    // section is inactive and whether it is a _PyCriticalSection2 object.
-    uintptr_t prev;
-
-    // Mutex used to protect critical section
-    PyMutex *mutex;
-} _PyCriticalSection;
-
-// A critical section protected by two mutexes. Use
-// _PyCriticalSection2_Begin and _PyCriticalSection2_End.
-typedef struct {
-    _PyCriticalSection base;
-
-    PyMutex *mutex2;
-} _PyCriticalSection2;
-
-static inline int
-_PyCriticalSection_IsActive(uintptr_t tag)
-{
-    return tag != 0 && (tag & _Py_CRITICAL_SECTION_INACTIVE) == 0;
-}
-
 // Resumes the top-most critical section.
 PyAPI_FUNC(void)
 _PyCriticalSection_Resume(PyThreadState *tstate);
 
 // (private) slow path for locking the mutex
 PyAPI_FUNC(void)
-_PyCriticalSection_BeginSlow(_PyCriticalSection *c, PyMutex *m);
+_PyCriticalSection_BeginSlow(PyCriticalSection *c, PyMutex *m);
 
 PyAPI_FUNC(void)
-_PyCriticalSection2_BeginSlow(_PyCriticalSection2 *c, PyMutex *m1, PyMutex *m2,
+_PyCriticalSection2_BeginSlow(PyCriticalSection2 *c, PyMutex *m1, PyMutex *m2,
                              int is_m1_locked);
 
+PyAPI_FUNC(void)
+_PyCriticalSection_SuspendAll(PyThreadState *tstate);
+
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+
+static inline int
+_PyCriticalSection_IsActive(uintptr_t tag)
+{
+    return tag != 0 && (tag & _Py_CRITICAL_SECTION_INACTIVE) == 0;
+}
+
 static inline void
-_PyCriticalSection_Begin(_PyCriticalSection *c, PyMutex *m)
+_PyCriticalSection_BeginMutex(PyCriticalSection *c, PyMutex *m)
 {
-    if (PyMutex_LockFast(&m->v)) {
+    if (PyMutex_LockFast(&m->_bits)) {
         PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
-        c->mutex = m;
-        c->prev = tstate->critical_section;
+        c->_cs_mutex = m;
+        c->_cs_prev = tstate->critical_section;
         tstate->critical_section = (uintptr_t)c;
     }
     else {
@@ -213,14 +120,21 @@ _PyCriticalSection_Begin(_PyCriticalSection *c, PyMutex *m)
     }
 }
 
+static inline void
+_PyCriticalSection_Begin(PyCriticalSection *c, PyObject *op)
+{
+    _PyCriticalSection_BeginMutex(c, &op->ob_mutex);
+}
+#define PyCriticalSection_Begin _PyCriticalSection_Begin
+
 // Removes the top-most critical section from the thread's stack of critical
 // sections. If the new top-most critical section is inactive, then it is
 // resumed.
 static inline void
-_PyCriticalSection_Pop(_PyCriticalSection *c)
+_PyCriticalSection_Pop(PyCriticalSection *c)
 {
     PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
-    uintptr_t prev = c->prev;
+    uintptr_t prev = c->_cs_prev;
     tstate->critical_section = prev;
 
     if ((prev & _Py_CRITICAL_SECTION_INACTIVE) != 0) {
@@ -229,20 +143,21 @@ _PyCriticalSection_Pop(_PyCriticalSection *c)
 }
 
 static inline void
-_PyCriticalSection_End(_PyCriticalSection *c)
+_PyCriticalSection_End(PyCriticalSection *c)
 {
-    PyMutex_Unlock(c->mutex);
+    PyMutex_Unlock(c->_cs_mutex);
     _PyCriticalSection_Pop(c);
 }
+#define PyCriticalSection_End _PyCriticalSection_End
 
 static inline void
-_PyCriticalSection2_Begin(_PyCriticalSection2 *c, PyMutex *m1, PyMutex *m2)
+_PyCriticalSection2_BeginMutex(PyCriticalSection2 *c, PyMutex *m1, PyMutex *m2)
 {
     if (m1 == m2) {
         // If the two mutex arguments are the same, treat this as a critical
         // section with a single mutex.
-        c->mutex2 = NULL;
-        _PyCriticalSection_Begin(&c->base, m1);
+        c->_cs_mutex2 = NULL;
+        _PyCriticalSection_BeginMutex(&c->_cs_base, m1);
         return;
     }
 
@@ -255,12 +170,12 @@ _PyCriticalSection2_Begin(_PyCriticalSection2 *c, PyMutex *m1, PyMutex *m2)
         m2 = tmp;
     }
 
-    if (PyMutex_LockFast(&m1->v)) {
-        if (PyMutex_LockFast(&m2->v)) {
+    if (PyMutex_LockFast(&m1->_bits)) {
+        if (PyMutex_LockFast(&m2->_bits)) {
             PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
-            c->base.mutex = m1;
-            c->mutex2 = m2;
-            c->base.prev = tstate->critical_section;
+            c->_cs_base._cs_mutex = m1;
+            c->_cs_mutex2 = m2;
+            c->_cs_base._cs_prev = tstate->critical_section;
 
             uintptr_t p = (uintptr_t)c | _Py_CRITICAL_SECTION_TWO_MUTEXES;
             tstate->critical_section = p;
@@ -275,19 +190,22 @@ _PyCriticalSection2_Begin(_PyCriticalSection2 *c, PyMutex *m1, PyMutex *m2)
 }
 
 static inline void
-_PyCriticalSection2_End(_PyCriticalSection2 *c)
+_PyCriticalSection2_Begin(PyCriticalSection2 *c, PyObject *a, PyObject *b)
 {
-    if (c->mutex2) {
-        PyMutex_Unlock(c->mutex2);
-    }
-    PyMutex_Unlock(c->base.mutex);
-    _PyCriticalSection_Pop(&c->base);
+    _PyCriticalSection2_BeginMutex(c, &a->ob_mutex, &b->ob_mutex);
 }
+#define PyCriticalSection2_Begin _PyCriticalSection2_Begin
 
-PyAPI_FUNC(void)
-_PyCriticalSection_SuspendAll(PyThreadState *tstate);
-
-#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+static inline void
+_PyCriticalSection2_End(PyCriticalSection2 *c)
+{
+    if (c->_cs_mutex2) {
+        PyMutex_Unlock(c->_cs_mutex2);
+    }
+    PyMutex_Unlock(c->_cs_base._cs_mutex);
+    _PyCriticalSection_Pop(&c->_cs_base);
+}
+#define PyCriticalSection2_End _PyCriticalSection2_End
 
 static inline void
 _PyCriticalSection_AssertHeld(PyMutex *mutex)
@@ -296,18 +214,18 @@ _PyCriticalSection_AssertHeld(PyMutex *mutex)
     PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
     uintptr_t prev = tstate->critical_section;
     if (prev & _Py_CRITICAL_SECTION_TWO_MUTEXES) {
-        _PyCriticalSection2 *cs = (_PyCriticalSection2 *)(prev & ~_Py_CRITICAL_SECTION_MASK);
-        assert(cs != NULL && (cs->base.mutex == mutex || cs->mutex2 == mutex));
+        PyCriticalSection2 *cs = (PyCriticalSection2 *)(prev & ~_Py_CRITICAL_SECTION_MASK);
+        assert(cs != NULL && (cs->_cs_base._cs_mutex == mutex || cs->_cs_mutex2 == mutex));
     }
     else {
-        _PyCriticalSection *cs = (_PyCriticalSection *)(tstate->critical_section & ~_Py_CRITICAL_SECTION_MASK);
-        assert(cs != NULL && cs->mutex == mutex);
+        PyCriticalSection *cs = (PyCriticalSection *)(tstate->critical_section & ~_Py_CRITICAL_SECTION_MASK);
+        assert(cs != NULL && cs->_cs_mutex == mutex);
     }
 
 #endif
 }
 
-#endif
+#endif /* Py_GIL_DISABLED */
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_debug_offsets.h b/Include/internal/pycore_debug_offsets.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..184f4b9360b6d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_debug_offsets.h
@@ -0,0 +1,269 @@
+#ifndef Py_INTERNAL_DEBUG_OFFSETS_H
+#define Py_INTERNAL_DEBUG_OFFSETS_H
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+#ifndef Py_BUILD_CORE
+#  error "this header requires Py_BUILD_CORE define"
+#endif
+
+
+#define _Py_Debug_Cookie "xdebugpy"
+
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+# define _Py_Debug_gilruntimestate_enabled offsetof(struct _gil_runtime_state, enabled)
+# define _Py_Debug_Free_Threaded 1
+#else
+# define _Py_Debug_gilruntimestate_enabled 0
+# define _Py_Debug_Free_Threaded 0
+#endif
+
+
+typedef struct _Py_DebugOffsets {
+    char cookie[8];
+    uint64_t version;
+    uint64_t free_threaded;
+    // Runtime state offset;
+    struct _runtime_state {
+        uint64_t size;
+        uint64_t finalizing;
+        uint64_t interpreters_head;
+    } runtime_state;
+
+    // Interpreter state offset;
+    struct _interpreter_state {
+        uint64_t size;
+        uint64_t id;
+        uint64_t next;
+        uint64_t threads_head;
+        uint64_t gc;
+        uint64_t imports_modules;
+        uint64_t sysdict;
+        uint64_t builtins;
+        uint64_t ceval_gil;
+        uint64_t gil_runtime_state;
+        uint64_t gil_runtime_state_enabled;
+        uint64_t gil_runtime_state_locked;
+        uint64_t gil_runtime_state_holder;
+    } interpreter_state;
+
+    // Thread state offset;
+    struct _thread_state{
+        uint64_t size;
+        uint64_t prev;
+        uint64_t next;
+        uint64_t interp;
+        uint64_t current_frame;
+        uint64_t thread_id;
+        uint64_t native_thread_id;
+        uint64_t datastack_chunk;
+        uint64_t status;
+    } thread_state;
+
+    // InterpreterFrame offset;
+    struct _interpreter_frame {
+        uint64_t size;
+        uint64_t previous;
+        uint64_t executable;
+        uint64_t instr_ptr;
+        uint64_t localsplus;
+        uint64_t owner;
+    } interpreter_frame;
+
+    // Code object offset;
+    struct _code_object {
+        uint64_t size;
+        uint64_t filename;
+        uint64_t name;
+        uint64_t qualname;
+        uint64_t linetable;
+        uint64_t firstlineno;
+        uint64_t argcount;
+        uint64_t localsplusnames;
+        uint64_t localspluskinds;
+        uint64_t co_code_adaptive;
+    } code_object;
+
+    // PyObject offset;
+    struct _pyobject {
+        uint64_t size;
+        uint64_t ob_type;
+    } pyobject;
+
+    // PyTypeObject object offset;
+    struct _type_object {
+        uint64_t size;
+        uint64_t tp_name;
+        uint64_t tp_repr;
+        uint64_t tp_flags;
+    } type_object;
+
+    // PyTuple object offset;
+    struct _tuple_object {
+        uint64_t size;
+        uint64_t ob_item;
+        uint64_t ob_size;
+    } tuple_object;
+
+    // PyList object offset;
+    struct _list_object {
+        uint64_t size;
+        uint64_t ob_item;
+        uint64_t ob_size;
+    } list_object;
+
+    // PyDict object offset;
+    struct _dict_object {
+        uint64_t size;
+        uint64_t ma_keys;
+        uint64_t ma_values;
+    } dict_object;
+
+    // PyFloat object offset;
+    struct _float_object {
+        uint64_t size;
+        uint64_t ob_fval;
+    } float_object;
+
+    // PyLong object offset;
+    struct _long_object {
+        uint64_t size;
+        uint64_t lv_tag;
+        uint64_t ob_digit;
+    } long_object;
+
+    // PyBytes object offset;
+    struct _bytes_object {
+        uint64_t size;
+        uint64_t ob_size;
+        uint64_t ob_sval;
+    } bytes_object;
+
+    // Unicode object offset;
+    struct _unicode_object {
+        uint64_t size;
+        uint64_t state;
+        uint64_t length;
+        uint64_t asciiobject_size;
+    } unicode_object;
+
+    // GC runtime state offset;
+    struct _gc {
+        uint64_t size;
+        uint64_t collecting;
+    } gc;
+} _Py_DebugOffsets;
+
+
+#define _Py_DebugOffsets_INIT(debug_cookie) { \
+    .cookie = debug_cookie, \
+    .version = PY_VERSION_HEX, \
+    .free_threaded = _Py_Debug_Free_Threaded, \
+    .runtime_state = { \
+        .size = sizeof(_PyRuntimeState), \
+        .finalizing = offsetof(_PyRuntimeState, _finalizing), \
+        .interpreters_head = offsetof(_PyRuntimeState, interpreters.head), \
+    }, \
+    .interpreter_state = { \
+        .size = sizeof(PyInterpreterState), \
+        .id = offsetof(PyInterpreterState, id), \
+        .next = offsetof(PyInterpreterState, next), \
+        .threads_head = offsetof(PyInterpreterState, threads.head), \
+        .gc = offsetof(PyInterpreterState, gc), \
+        .imports_modules = offsetof(PyInterpreterState, imports.modules), \
+        .sysdict = offsetof(PyInterpreterState, sysdict), \
+        .builtins = offsetof(PyInterpreterState, builtins), \
+        .ceval_gil = offsetof(PyInterpreterState, ceval.gil), \
+        .gil_runtime_state = offsetof(PyInterpreterState, _gil), \
+        .gil_runtime_state_enabled = _Py_Debug_gilruntimestate_enabled, \
+        .gil_runtime_state_locked = offsetof(PyInterpreterState, _gil.locked), \
+        .gil_runtime_state_holder = offsetof(PyInterpreterState, _gil.last_holder), \
+    }, \
+    .thread_state = { \
+        .size = sizeof(PyThreadState), \
+        .prev = offsetof(PyThreadState, prev), \
+        .next = offsetof(PyThreadState, next), \
+        .interp = offsetof(PyThreadState, interp), \
+        .current_frame = offsetof(PyThreadState, current_frame), \
+        .thread_id = offsetof(PyThreadState, thread_id), \
+        .native_thread_id = offsetof(PyThreadState, native_thread_id), \
+        .datastack_chunk = offsetof(PyThreadState, datastack_chunk), \
+        .status = offsetof(PyThreadState, _status), \
+    }, \
+    .interpreter_frame = { \
+        .size = sizeof(_PyInterpreterFrame), \
+        .previous = offsetof(_PyInterpreterFrame, previous), \
+        .executable = offsetof(_PyInterpreterFrame, f_executable), \
+        .instr_ptr = offsetof(_PyInterpreterFrame, instr_ptr), \
+        .localsplus = offsetof(_PyInterpreterFrame, localsplus), \
+        .owner = offsetof(_PyInterpreterFrame, owner), \
+    }, \
+    .code_object = { \
+        .size = sizeof(PyCodeObject), \
+        .filename = offsetof(PyCodeObject, co_filename), \
+        .name = offsetof(PyCodeObject, co_name), \
+        .qualname = offsetof(PyCodeObject, co_qualname), \
+        .linetable = offsetof(PyCodeObject, co_linetable), \
+        .firstlineno = offsetof(PyCodeObject, co_firstlineno), \
+        .argcount = offsetof(PyCodeObject, co_argcount), \
+        .localsplusnames = offsetof(PyCodeObject, co_localsplusnames), \
+        .localspluskinds = offsetof(PyCodeObject, co_localspluskinds), \
+        .co_code_adaptive = offsetof(PyCodeObject, co_code_adaptive), \
+    }, \
+    .pyobject = { \
+        .size = sizeof(PyObject), \
+        .ob_type = offsetof(PyObject, ob_type), \
+    }, \
+    .type_object = { \
+        .size = sizeof(PyTypeObject), \
+        .tp_name = offsetof(PyTypeObject, tp_name), \
+        .tp_repr = offsetof(PyTypeObject, tp_repr), \
+        .tp_flags = offsetof(PyTypeObject, tp_flags), \
+    }, \
+    .tuple_object = { \
+        .size = sizeof(PyTupleObject), \
+        .ob_item = offsetof(PyTupleObject, ob_item), \
+        .ob_size = offsetof(PyTupleObject, ob_base.ob_size), \
+    }, \
+    .list_object = { \
+        .size = sizeof(PyListObject), \
+        .ob_item = offsetof(PyListObject, ob_item), \
+        .ob_size = offsetof(PyListObject, ob_base.ob_size), \
+    }, \
+    .dict_object = { \
+        .size = sizeof(PyDictObject), \
+        .ma_keys = offsetof(PyDictObject, ma_keys), \
+        .ma_values = offsetof(PyDictObject, ma_values), \
+    }, \
+    .float_object = { \
+        .size = sizeof(PyFloatObject), \
+        .ob_fval = offsetof(PyFloatObject, ob_fval), \
+    }, \
+    .long_object = { \
+        .size = sizeof(PyLongObject), \
+        .lv_tag = offsetof(PyLongObject, long_value.lv_tag), \
+        .ob_digit = offsetof(PyLongObject, long_value.ob_digit), \
+    }, \
+    .bytes_object = { \
+        .size = sizeof(PyBytesObject), \
+        .ob_size = offsetof(PyBytesObject, ob_base.ob_size), \
+        .ob_sval = offsetof(PyBytesObject, ob_sval), \
+    }, \
+    .unicode_object = { \
+        .size = sizeof(PyUnicodeObject), \
+        .state = offsetof(PyUnicodeObject, _base._base.state), \
+        .length = offsetof(PyUnicodeObject, _base._base.length), \
+        .asciiobject_size = sizeof(PyASCIIObject), \
+    }, \
+    .gc = { \
+        .size = sizeof(struct _gc_runtime_state), \
+        .collecting = offsetof(struct _gc_runtime_state, collecting), \
+    }, \
+}
+
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+#endif /* !Py_INTERNAL_DEBUG_OFFSETS_H */
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_dict.h b/Include/internal/pycore_dict.h
index cfe837b1e2b3ab..c5399ad8e0497f 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_dict.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_dict.h
@@ -8,16 +8,19 @@ extern "C" {
 #  error "this header requires Py_BUILD_CORE define"
 #endif
 
-#include "pycore_freelist.h"             // _PyFreeListState
-#include "pycore_identifier.h"           // _Py_Identifier
 #include "pycore_object.h"               // PyManagedDictPointer
 #include "pycore_pyatomic_ft_wrappers.h" // FT_ATOMIC_LOAD_SSIZE_ACQUIRE
+#include "pycore_stackref.h"             // _PyStackRef
 
 // Unsafe flavor of PyDict_GetItemWithError(): no error checking
 extern PyObject* _PyDict_GetItemWithError(PyObject *dp, PyObject *key);
 
-extern int _PyDict_DelItemIf(PyObject *mp, PyObject *key,
-                             int (*predicate)(PyObject *value));
+// Delete an item from a dict if a predicate is true
+// Returns -1 on error, 1 if the item was deleted, 0 otherwise
+// Export for '_asyncio' shared extension
+PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyDict_DelItemIf(PyObject *mp, PyObject *key,
+                                  int (*predicate)(PyObject *value, void *arg),
+                                  void *arg);
 
 // "KnownHash" variants
 // Export for '_asyncio' shared extension
@@ -81,7 +84,7 @@ typedef struct {
     PyObject *me_value; /* This field is only meaningful for combined tables */
 } PyDictUnicodeEntry;
 
-extern PyDictKeysObject *_PyDict_NewKeysForClass(void);
+extern PyDictKeysObject *_PyDict_NewKeysForClass(PyHeapTypeObject *);
 extern PyObject *_PyDict_FromKeys(PyObject *, PyObject *, PyObject *);
 
 /* Gets a version number unique to the current state of the keys of dict, if possible.
@@ -98,16 +101,26 @@ extern void _PyDictKeys_DecRef(PyDictKeysObject *keys);
  */
 extern Py_ssize_t _Py_dict_lookup(PyDictObject *mp, PyObject *key, Py_hash_t hash, PyObject **value_addr);
 extern Py_ssize_t _Py_dict_lookup_threadsafe(PyDictObject *mp, PyObject *key, Py_hash_t hash, PyObject **value_addr);
+extern Py_ssize_t _Py_dict_lookup_threadsafe_stackref(PyDictObject *mp, PyObject *key, Py_hash_t hash, _PyStackRef *value_addr);
 
 extern Py_ssize_t _PyDict_LookupIndex(PyDictObject *, PyObject *);
 extern Py_ssize_t _PyDictKeys_StringLookup(PyDictKeysObject* dictkeys, PyObject *key);
 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *)_PyDict_LoadGlobal(PyDictObject *, PyDictObject *, PyObject *);
+PyAPI_FUNC(void) _PyDict_LoadGlobalStackRef(PyDictObject *, PyDictObject *, PyObject *, _PyStackRef *);
+
+// Loads the __builtins__ object from the globals dict. Returns a new reference.
+extern PyObject *_PyDict_LoadBuiltinsFromGlobals(PyObject *globals);
 
 /* Consumes references to key and value */
 PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyDict_SetItem_Take2(PyDictObject *op, PyObject *key, PyObject *value);
 extern int _PyDict_SetItem_LockHeld(PyDictObject *dict, PyObject *name, PyObject *value);
-extern int _PyDict_GetItemRef_Unicode_LockHeld(PyDictObject *op, PyObject *key, PyObject **result);
+// Export for '_asyncio' shared extension
+PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyDict_SetItem_KnownHash_LockHeld(PyDictObject *mp, PyObject *key,
+                                                   PyObject *value, Py_hash_t hash);
+// Export for '_asyncio' shared extension
+PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyDict_GetItemRef_KnownHash_LockHeld(PyDictObject *op, PyObject *key, Py_hash_t hash, PyObject **result);
 extern int _PyDict_GetItemRef_KnownHash(PyDictObject *op, PyObject *key, Py_hash_t hash, PyObject **result);
+extern int _PyDict_GetItemRef_Unicode_LockHeld(PyDictObject *op, PyObject *key, PyObject **result);
 extern int _PyObjectDict_SetItem(PyTypeObject *tp, PyObject *obj, PyObject **dictptr, PyObject *name, PyObject *value);
 
 extern int _PyDict_Pop_KnownHash(
@@ -219,32 +232,9 @@ static inline PyDictUnicodeEntry* DK_UNICODE_ENTRIES(PyDictKeysObject *dk) {
 #define DICT_VERSION_INCREMENT (1 << (DICT_MAX_WATCHERS + DICT_WATCHED_MUTATION_BITS))
 #define DICT_WATCHER_MASK ((1 << DICT_MAX_WATCHERS) - 1)
 #define DICT_WATCHER_AND_MODIFICATION_MASK ((1 << (DICT_MAX_WATCHERS + DICT_WATCHED_MUTATION_BITS)) - 1)
+#define DICT_UNIQUE_ID_SHIFT (32)
+#define DICT_UNIQUE_ID_MAX ((UINT64_C(1) << (64 - DICT_UNIQUE_ID_SHIFT)) - 1)
 
-#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
-
-#define THREAD_LOCAL_DICT_VERSION_COUNT 256
-#define THREAD_LOCAL_DICT_VERSION_BATCH THREAD_LOCAL_DICT_VERSION_COUNT * DICT_VERSION_INCREMENT
-
-static inline uint64_t
-dict_next_version(PyInterpreterState *interp)
-{
-    PyThreadState *tstate = PyThreadState_GET();
-    uint64_t cur_progress = (tstate->dict_global_version &
-                            (THREAD_LOCAL_DICT_VERSION_BATCH - 1));
-    if (cur_progress == 0) {
-        uint64_t next = _Py_atomic_add_uint64(&interp->dict_state.global_version,
-                                              THREAD_LOCAL_DICT_VERSION_BATCH);
-        tstate->dict_global_version = next;
-    }
-    return tstate->dict_global_version += DICT_VERSION_INCREMENT;
-}
-
-#define DICT_NEXT_VERSION(INTERP) dict_next_version(INTERP)
-
-#else
-#define DICT_NEXT_VERSION(INTERP) \
-    ((INTERP)->dict_state.global_version += DICT_VERSION_INCREMENT)
-#endif
 
 PyAPI_FUNC(void)
 _PyDict_SendEvent(int watcher_bits,
@@ -253,7 +243,7 @@ _PyDict_SendEvent(int watcher_bits,
                   PyObject *key,
                   PyObject *value);
 
-static inline uint64_t
+static inline void
 _PyDict_NotifyEvent(PyInterpreterState *interp,
                     PyDict_WatchEvent event,
                     PyDictObject *mp,
@@ -261,12 +251,11 @@ _PyDict_NotifyEvent(PyInterpreterState *interp,
                     PyObject *value)
 {
     assert(Py_REFCNT((PyObject*)mp) > 0);
-    int watcher_bits = mp->ma_version_tag & DICT_WATCHER_MASK;
+    int watcher_bits = mp->_ma_watcher_tag & DICT_WATCHER_MASK;
     if (watcher_bits) {
         RARE_EVENT_STAT_INC(watched_dict_modification);
         _PyDict_SendEvent(watcher_bits, event, mp, key, value);
     }
-    return DICT_NEXT_VERSION(interp) | (mp->ma_version_tag & DICT_WATCHER_AND_MODIFICATION_MASK);
 }
 
 extern PyDictObject *_PyObject_MaterializeManagedDict(PyObject *obj);
@@ -323,6 +312,66 @@ _PyInlineValuesSize(PyTypeObject *tp)
 int
 _PyDict_DetachFromObject(PyDictObject *dict, PyObject *obj);
 
+// Enables per-thread ref counting on this dict in the free threading build
+extern void _PyDict_EnablePerThreadRefcounting(PyObject *op);
+
+PyDictObject *_PyObject_MaterializeManagedDict_LockHeld(PyObject *);
+
+// See `_Py_INCREF_TYPE()` in pycore_object.h
+#ifndef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+#  define _Py_INCREF_DICT Py_INCREF
+#  define _Py_DECREF_DICT Py_DECREF
+#  define _Py_INCREF_BUILTINS Py_INCREF
+#  define _Py_DECREF_BUILTINS Py_DECREF
+#else
+static inline Py_ssize_t
+_PyDict_UniqueId(PyDictObject *mp)
+{
+    // Offset by one so that _ma_watcher_tag=0 represents an unassigned id
+    return (Py_ssize_t)(mp->_ma_watcher_tag >> DICT_UNIQUE_ID_SHIFT) - 1;
+}
+
+static inline void
+_Py_INCREF_DICT(PyObject *op)
+{
+    assert(PyDict_Check(op));
+    Py_ssize_t id = _PyDict_UniqueId((PyDictObject *)op);
+    _Py_THREAD_INCREF_OBJECT(op, id);
+}
+
+static inline void
+_Py_DECREF_DICT(PyObject *op)
+{
+    assert(PyDict_Check(op));
+    Py_ssize_t id = _PyDict_UniqueId((PyDictObject *)op);
+    _Py_THREAD_DECREF_OBJECT(op, id);
+}
+
+// Like `_Py_INCREF_DICT`, but also handles non-dict objects because builtins
+// may not be a dict.
+static inline void
+_Py_INCREF_BUILTINS(PyObject *op)
+{
+    if (PyDict_CheckExact(op)) {
+        _Py_INCREF_DICT(op);
+    }
+    else {
+        Py_INCREF(op);
+    }
+}
+
+static inline void
+_Py_DECREF_BUILTINS(PyObject *op)
+{
+    if (PyDict_CheckExact(op)) {
+        _Py_DECREF_DICT(op);
+    }
+    else {
+        Py_DECREF(op);
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_dict_state.h b/Include/internal/pycore_dict_state.h
index 1a44755c7a01a3..11932b8d1e1ab6 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_dict_state.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_dict_state.h
@@ -12,10 +12,6 @@ extern "C" {
 #define DICT_WATCHED_MUTATION_BITS 4
 
 struct _Py_dict_state {
-    /*Global counter used to set ma_version_tag field of dictionary.
-     * It is incremented each time that a dictionary is created and each
-     * time that a dictionary is modified. */
-    uint64_t global_version;
     uint32_t next_keys_version;
     PyDict_WatchCallback watchers[DICT_MAX_WATCHERS];
 };
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_dtoa.h b/Include/internal/pycore_dtoa.h
index c5cfdf4ce8f823..e4222c5267d6be 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_dtoa.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_dtoa.h
@@ -11,8 +11,6 @@ extern "C" {
 #include "pycore_pymath.h"        // _PY_SHORT_FLOAT_REPR
 
 
-#if _PY_SHORT_FLOAT_REPR == 1
-
 typedef uint32_t ULong;
 
 struct
@@ -22,15 +20,15 @@ Bigint {
     ULong x[1];
 };
 
-#ifdef Py_USING_MEMORY_DEBUGGER
+#if defined(Py_USING_MEMORY_DEBUGGER) || _PY_SHORT_FLOAT_REPR == 0
 
 struct _dtoa_state {
     int _not_used;
 };
-#define _dtoa_interp_state_INIT(INTERP) \
+#define _dtoa_state_INIT(INTERP) \
     {0}
 
-#else  // !Py_USING_MEMORY_DEBUGGER
+#else  // !Py_USING_MEMORY_DEBUGGER && _PY_SHORT_FLOAT_REPR != 0
 
 /* The size of the Bigint freelist */
 #define Bigint_Kmax 7
@@ -66,8 +64,6 @@ extern char* _Py_dg_dtoa(double d, int mode, int ndigits,
                          int *decpt, int *sign, char **rve);
 extern void _Py_dg_freedtoa(char *s);
 
-#endif // _PY_SHORT_FLOAT_REPR == 1
-
 
 extern PyStatus _PyDtoa_Init(PyInterpreterState *interp);
 extern void _PyDtoa_Fini(PyInterpreterState *interp);
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_floatobject.h b/Include/internal/pycore_floatobject.h
index f984df695696c3..be1c6cc97720d2 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_floatobject.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_floatobject.h
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ extern "C" {
 #  error "this header requires Py_BUILD_CORE define"
 #endif
 
-#include "pycore_freelist.h"      // _PyFreeListState
 #include "pycore_unicodeobject.h" // _PyUnicodeWriter
 
 /* runtime lifecycle */
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_frame.h b/Include/internal/pycore_frame.h
index 994900c007f4bd..c9ac3819d0390b 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_frame.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_frame.h
@@ -11,8 +11,9 @@ extern "C" {
 #include <stdbool.h>
 #include <stddef.h>               // offsetof()
 #include "pycore_code.h"          // STATS
+#include "pycore_stackref.h"      // _PyStackRef
 
-/* See Objects/frame_layout.md for an explanation of the frame stack
+/* See InternalDocs/frames.md for an explanation of the frame stack
  * including explanation of the PyFrameObject and _PyInterpreterFrame
  * structs. */
 
@@ -26,6 +27,10 @@ struct _frame {
     char f_trace_lines;         /* Emit per-line trace events? */
     char f_trace_opcodes;       /* Emit per-opcode trace events? */
     PyObject *f_extra_locals;   /* Dict for locals set by users using f_locals, could be NULL */
+    /* This is purely for backwards compatibility for PyEval_GetLocals.
+       PyEval_GetLocals requires a borrowed reference so the actual reference
+       is stored here */
+    PyObject *f_locals_cache;
     /* The frame data, if this frame object owns the frame */
     PyObject *_f_frame_data[1];
 };
@@ -55,48 +60,55 @@ enum _frameowner {
 };
 
 typedef struct _PyInterpreterFrame {
-    PyObject *f_executable; /* Strong reference (code object or None) */
+    _PyStackRef f_executable; /* Deferred or strong reference (code object or None) */
     struct _PyInterpreterFrame *previous;
-    PyObject *f_funcobj; /* Strong reference. Only valid if not on C stack */
+    _PyStackRef f_funcobj; /* Deferred or strong reference. Only valid if not on C stack */
     PyObject *f_globals; /* Borrowed reference. Only valid if not on C stack */
     PyObject *f_builtins; /* Borrowed reference. Only valid if not on C stack */
     PyObject *f_locals; /* Strong reference, may be NULL. Only valid if not on C stack */
     PyFrameObject *frame_obj; /* Strong reference, may be NULL. Only valid if not on C stack */
     _Py_CODEUNIT *instr_ptr; /* Instruction currently executing (or about to begin) */
-    int stacktop;  /* Offset of TOS from localsplus  */
+    _PyStackRef *stackpointer;
     uint16_t return_offset;  /* Only relevant during a function call */
     char owner;
     /* Locals and stack */
-    PyObject *localsplus[1];
+    _PyStackRef localsplus[1];
 } _PyInterpreterFrame;
 
 #define _PyInterpreterFrame_LASTI(IF) \
     ((int)((IF)->instr_ptr - _PyCode_CODE(_PyFrame_GetCode(IF))))
 
 static inline PyCodeObject *_PyFrame_GetCode(_PyInterpreterFrame *f) {
-    assert(PyCode_Check(f->f_executable));
-    return (PyCodeObject *)f->f_executable;
+    PyObject *executable = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(f->f_executable);
+    assert(PyCode_Check(executable));
+    return (PyCodeObject *)executable;
 }
 
-static inline PyObject **_PyFrame_Stackbase(_PyInterpreterFrame *f) {
-    return f->localsplus + _PyFrame_GetCode(f)->co_nlocalsplus;
+static inline PyFunctionObject *_PyFrame_GetFunction(_PyInterpreterFrame *f) {
+    PyObject *func = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(f->f_funcobj);
+    assert(PyFunction_Check(func));
+    return (PyFunctionObject *)func;
 }
 
-static inline PyObject *_PyFrame_StackPeek(_PyInterpreterFrame *f) {
-    assert(f->stacktop > _PyFrame_GetCode(f)->co_nlocalsplus);
-    assert(f->localsplus[f->stacktop-1] != NULL);
-    return f->localsplus[f->stacktop-1];
+static inline _PyStackRef *_PyFrame_Stackbase(_PyInterpreterFrame *f) {
+    return (f->localsplus + _PyFrame_GetCode(f)->co_nlocalsplus);
 }
 
-static inline PyObject *_PyFrame_StackPop(_PyInterpreterFrame *f) {
-    assert(f->stacktop > _PyFrame_GetCode(f)->co_nlocalsplus);
-    f->stacktop--;
-    return f->localsplus[f->stacktop];
+static inline _PyStackRef _PyFrame_StackPeek(_PyInterpreterFrame *f) {
+    assert(f->stackpointer >  f->localsplus + _PyFrame_GetCode(f)->co_nlocalsplus);
+    assert(!PyStackRef_IsNull(f->stackpointer[-1]));
+    return f->stackpointer[-1];
 }
 
-static inline void _PyFrame_StackPush(_PyInterpreterFrame *f, PyObject *value) {
-    f->localsplus[f->stacktop] = value;
-    f->stacktop++;
+static inline _PyStackRef _PyFrame_StackPop(_PyInterpreterFrame *f) {
+    assert(f->stackpointer >  f->localsplus + _PyFrame_GetCode(f)->co_nlocalsplus);
+    f->stackpointer--;
+    return *f->stackpointer;
+}
+
+static inline void _PyFrame_StackPush(_PyInterpreterFrame *f, _PyStackRef value) {
+    *f->stackpointer = value;
+    f->stackpointer++;
 }
 
 #define FRAME_SPECIALS_SIZE ((int)((sizeof(_PyInterpreterFrame)-1)/sizeof(PyObject *)))
@@ -112,14 +124,24 @@ _PyFrame_NumSlotsForCodeObject(PyCodeObject *code)
 
 static inline void _PyFrame_Copy(_PyInterpreterFrame *src, _PyInterpreterFrame *dest)
 {
-    assert(src->stacktop >= _PyFrame_GetCode(src)->co_nlocalsplus);
     *dest = *src;
-    for (int i = 1; i < src->stacktop; i++) {
+    assert(src->stackpointer != NULL);
+    int stacktop = (int)(src->stackpointer - src->localsplus);
+    assert(stacktop >= _PyFrame_GetCode(src)->co_nlocalsplus);
+    dest->stackpointer = dest->localsplus + stacktop;
+    for (int i = 1; i < stacktop; i++) {
         dest->localsplus[i] = src->localsplus[i];
     }
     // Don't leave a dangling pointer to the old frame when creating generators
     // and coroutines:
     dest->previous = NULL;
+
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    PyCodeObject *co = _PyFrame_GetCode(dest);
+    for (int i = stacktop; i < co->co_nlocalsplus + co->co_stacksize; i++) {
+        dest->localsplus[i] = PyStackRef_NULL;
+    }
+#endif
 }
 
 /* Consumes reference to func and locals.
@@ -128,50 +150,63 @@ static inline void _PyFrame_Copy(_PyInterpreterFrame *src, _PyInterpreterFrame *
  */
 static inline void
 _PyFrame_Initialize(
-    _PyInterpreterFrame *frame, PyFunctionObject *func,
-    PyObject *locals, PyCodeObject *code, int null_locals_from)
+    _PyInterpreterFrame *frame, _PyStackRef func,
+    PyObject *locals, PyCodeObject *code, int null_locals_from, _PyInterpreterFrame *previous)
 {
-    frame->f_funcobj = (PyObject *)func;
-    frame->f_executable = Py_NewRef(code);
-    frame->f_builtins = func->func_builtins;
-    frame->f_globals = func->func_globals;
+    frame->previous = previous;
+    frame->f_funcobj = func;
+    frame->f_executable = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(code);
+    PyFunctionObject *func_obj = (PyFunctionObject *)PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(func);
+    frame->f_builtins = func_obj->func_builtins;
+    frame->f_globals = func_obj->func_globals;
     frame->f_locals = locals;
-    frame->stacktop = code->co_nlocalsplus;
+    frame->stackpointer = frame->localsplus + code->co_nlocalsplus;
     frame->frame_obj = NULL;
     frame->instr_ptr = _PyCode_CODE(code);
     frame->return_offset = 0;
     frame->owner = FRAME_OWNED_BY_THREAD;
 
     for (int i = null_locals_from; i < code->co_nlocalsplus; i++) {
-        frame->localsplus[i] = NULL;
+        frame->localsplus[i] = PyStackRef_NULL;
+    }
+
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    // On GIL disabled, we walk the entire stack in GC. Since stacktop
+    // is not always in sync with the real stack pointer, we have
+    // no choice but to traverse the entire stack.
+    // This just makes sure we don't pass the GC invalid stack values.
+    for (int i = code->co_nlocalsplus; i < code->co_nlocalsplus + code->co_stacksize; i++) {
+        frame->localsplus[i] = PyStackRef_NULL;
     }
+#endif
 }
 
 /* Gets the pointer to the locals array
  * that precedes this frame.
  */
-static inline PyObject**
+static inline _PyStackRef*
 _PyFrame_GetLocalsArray(_PyInterpreterFrame *frame)
 {
     return frame->localsplus;
 }
 
-/* Fetches the stack pointer, and sets stacktop to -1.
-   Having stacktop <= 0 ensures that invalid
-   values are not visible to the cycle GC.
-   We choose -1 rather than 0 to assist debugging. */
-static inline PyObject**
+/* Fetches the stack pointer, and sets stackpointer to NULL.
+   Having stackpointer == NULL ensures that invalid
+   values are not visible to the cycle GC. */
+static inline _PyStackRef*
 _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(_PyInterpreterFrame *frame)
 {
-    PyObject **sp = frame->localsplus + frame->stacktop;
-    frame->stacktop = -1;
+    assert(frame->stackpointer != NULL);
+    _PyStackRef *sp = frame->stackpointer;
+    frame->stackpointer = NULL;
     return sp;
 }
 
 static inline void
-_PyFrame_SetStackPointer(_PyInterpreterFrame *frame, PyObject **stack_pointer)
+_PyFrame_SetStackPointer(_PyInterpreterFrame *frame, _PyStackRef *stack_pointer)
 {
-    frame->stacktop = (int)(stack_pointer - frame->localsplus);
+    assert(frame->stackpointer == NULL);
+    frame->stackpointer = stack_pointer;
 }
 
 /* Determine whether a frame is incomplete.
@@ -214,7 +249,7 @@ _PyFrame_MakeAndSetFrameObject(_PyInterpreterFrame *frame);
 
 /* Gets the PyFrameObject for this frame, lazily
  * creating it if necessary.
- * Returns a borrowed referennce */
+ * Returns a borrowed reference */
 static inline PyFrameObject *
 _PyFrame_GetFrameObject(_PyInterpreterFrame *frame)
 {
@@ -272,53 +307,56 @@ PyAPI_FUNC(void) _PyThreadState_PopFrame(PyThreadState *tstate, _PyInterpreterFr
  * Must be guarded by _PyThreadState_HasStackSpace()
  * Consumes reference to func. */
 static inline _PyInterpreterFrame *
-_PyFrame_PushUnchecked(PyThreadState *tstate, PyFunctionObject *func, int null_locals_from)
+_PyFrame_PushUnchecked(PyThreadState *tstate, _PyStackRef func, int null_locals_from, _PyInterpreterFrame * previous)
 {
     CALL_STAT_INC(frames_pushed);
-    PyCodeObject *code = (PyCodeObject *)func->func_code;
+    PyFunctionObject *func_obj = (PyFunctionObject *)PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(func);
+    PyCodeObject *code = (PyCodeObject *)func_obj->func_code;
     _PyInterpreterFrame *new_frame = (_PyInterpreterFrame *)tstate->datastack_top;
     tstate->datastack_top += code->co_framesize;
     assert(tstate->datastack_top < tstate->datastack_limit);
-    _PyFrame_Initialize(new_frame, func, NULL, code, null_locals_from);
+    _PyFrame_Initialize(new_frame, func, NULL, code, null_locals_from, previous);
     return new_frame;
 }
 
 /* Pushes a trampoline frame without checking for space.
  * Must be guarded by _PyThreadState_HasStackSpace() */
 static inline _PyInterpreterFrame *
-_PyFrame_PushTrampolineUnchecked(PyThreadState *tstate, PyCodeObject *code, int stackdepth)
+_PyFrame_PushTrampolineUnchecked(PyThreadState *tstate, PyCodeObject *code, int stackdepth, _PyInterpreterFrame * previous)
 {
     CALL_STAT_INC(frames_pushed);
     _PyInterpreterFrame *frame = (_PyInterpreterFrame *)tstate->datastack_top;
     tstate->datastack_top += code->co_framesize;
     assert(tstate->datastack_top < tstate->datastack_limit);
-    frame->f_funcobj = Py_None;
-    frame->f_executable = Py_NewRef(code);
+    frame->previous = previous;
+    frame->f_funcobj = PyStackRef_None;
+    frame->f_executable = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(code);
 #ifdef Py_DEBUG
     frame->f_builtins = NULL;
     frame->f_globals = NULL;
 #endif
     frame->f_locals = NULL;
-    frame->stacktop = code->co_nlocalsplus + stackdepth;
+    assert(stackdepth <= code->co_stacksize);
+    frame->stackpointer = frame->localsplus + code->co_nlocalsplus + stackdepth;
     frame->frame_obj = NULL;
     frame->instr_ptr = _PyCode_CODE(code);
     frame->owner = FRAME_OWNED_BY_THREAD;
     frame->return_offset = 0;
-    return frame;
-}
 
-static inline
-PyGenObject *_PyFrame_GetGenerator(_PyInterpreterFrame *frame)
-{
-    assert(frame->owner == FRAME_OWNED_BY_GENERATOR);
-    size_t offset_in_gen = offsetof(PyGenObject, gi_iframe);
-    return (PyGenObject *)(((char *)frame) - offset_in_gen);
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    assert(code->co_nlocalsplus == 0);
+    for (int i = 0; i < code->co_stacksize; i++) {
+        frame->localsplus[i] = PyStackRef_NULL;
+    }
+#endif
+    return frame;
 }
 
 PyAPI_FUNC(_PyInterpreterFrame *)
-_PyEvalFramePushAndInit(PyThreadState *tstate, PyFunctionObject *func,
-                        PyObject *locals, PyObject* const* args,
-                        size_t argcount, PyObject *kwnames);
+_PyEvalFramePushAndInit(PyThreadState *tstate, _PyStackRef func,
+                        PyObject *locals, _PyStackRef const* args,
+                        size_t argcount, PyObject *kwnames,
+                        _PyInterpreterFrame *previous);
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_freelist.h b/Include/internal/pycore_freelist.h
index e684e084b8bef8..da2d7bf6ae1393 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_freelist.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_freelist.h
@@ -8,144 +8,101 @@ extern "C" {
 #  error "this header requires Py_BUILD_CORE define"
 #endif
 
-// PyTuple_MAXSAVESIZE - largest tuple to save on free list
-// PyTuple_MAXFREELIST - maximum number of tuples of each size to save
-
-#ifdef WITH_FREELISTS
-// with freelists
-#  define PyTuple_MAXSAVESIZE 20
-#  define PyTuple_NFREELISTS PyTuple_MAXSAVESIZE
-#  define PyTuple_MAXFREELIST 2000
-#  define PyList_MAXFREELIST 80
-#  define PyDict_MAXFREELIST 80
-#  define PyFloat_MAXFREELIST 100
-#  define PyContext_MAXFREELIST 255
-# define _PyAsyncGen_MAXFREELIST 80
-#  define _PyObjectStackChunk_MAXFREELIST 4
-#else
-#  define PyTuple_NFREELISTS 0
-#  define PyTuple_MAXFREELIST 0
-#  define PyList_MAXFREELIST 0
-#  define PyDict_MAXFREELIST 0
-#  define PyFloat_MAXFREELIST 0
-#  define PyContext_MAXFREELIST 0
-#  define _PyAsyncGen_MAXFREELIST 0
-#  define _PyObjectStackChunk_MAXFREELIST 0
-#endif
-
-struct _Py_list_freelist {
-#ifdef WITH_FREELISTS
-    PyListObject *items[PyList_MAXFREELIST];
-    int numfree;
+#include "pycore_freelist_state.h"      // struct _Py_freelists
+#include "pycore_object.h"              // _PyObject_IS_GC
+#include "pycore_pystate.h"             // _PyThreadState_GET
+#include "pycore_code.h"                // OBJECT_STAT_INC
+
+static inline struct _Py_freelists *
+_Py_freelists_GET(void)
+{
+    PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
+#ifdef Py_DEBUG
+    _Py_EnsureTstateNotNULL(tstate);
 #endif
-};
-
-struct _Py_tuple_freelist {
-#if WITH_FREELISTS
-    /* There is one freelist for each size from 1 to PyTuple_MAXSAVESIZE.
-       The empty tuple is handled separately.
 
-       Each tuple stored in the array is the head of the linked list
-       (and the next available tuple) for that size.  The actual tuple
-       object is used as the linked list node, with its first item
-       (ob_item[0]) pointing to the next node (i.e. the previous head).
-       Each linked list is initially NULL. */
-    PyTupleObject *items[PyTuple_NFREELISTS];
-    int numfree[PyTuple_NFREELISTS];
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    return &((_PyThreadStateImpl*)tstate)->freelists;
 #else
-    char _unused;  // Empty structs are not allowed.
-#endif
-};
-
-struct _Py_float_freelist {
-#ifdef WITH_FREELISTS
-    /* Special free list
-       free_list is a singly-linked list of available PyFloatObjects,
-       linked via abuse of their ob_type members. */
-    int numfree;
-    PyFloatObject *items;
-#endif
-};
-
-struct _Py_dict_freelist {
-#ifdef WITH_FREELISTS
-    /* Dictionary reuse scheme to save calls to malloc and free */
-    PyDictObject *items[PyDict_MAXFREELIST];
-    int numfree;
+    return &tstate->interp->object_state.freelists;
 #endif
-};
-
-struct _Py_dictkeys_freelist {
-#ifdef WITH_FREELISTS
-    /* Dictionary keys reuse scheme to save calls to malloc and free */
-    PyDictKeysObject *items[PyDict_MAXFREELIST];
-    int numfree;
-#endif
-};
-
-struct _Py_slice_freelist {
-#ifdef WITH_FREELISTS
-    /* Using a cache is very effective since typically only a single slice is
-       created and then deleted again. */
-    PySliceObject *slice_cache;
-#endif
-};
-
-struct _Py_context_freelist {
-#ifdef WITH_FREELISTS
-    // List of free PyContext objects
-    PyContext *items;
-    int numfree;
-#endif
-};
+}
 
-struct _Py_async_gen_freelist {
-#ifdef WITH_FREELISTS
-    /* Freelists boost performance 6-10%; they also reduce memory
-       fragmentation, as _PyAsyncGenWrappedValue and PyAsyncGenASend
-       are short-living objects that are instantiated for every
-       __anext__() call. */
-    struct _PyAsyncGenWrappedValue* items[_PyAsyncGen_MAXFREELIST];
-    int numfree;
-#endif
-};
+// Pushes `op` to the freelist, calls `freefunc` if the freelist is full
+#define _Py_FREELIST_FREE(NAME, op, freefunc) \
+    _PyFreeList_Free(&_Py_freelists_GET()->NAME, _PyObject_CAST(op), \
+                     Py_ ## NAME ## _MAXFREELIST, freefunc)
+// Pushes `op` to the freelist, returns 1 if successful, 0 if the freelist is full
+#define _Py_FREELIST_PUSH(NAME, op, limit) \
+    _PyFreeList_Push(&_Py_freelists_GET()->NAME, _PyObject_CAST(op), limit)
+
+// Pops a PyObject from the freelist, returns NULL if the freelist is empty.
+#define _Py_FREELIST_POP(TYPE, NAME) \
+    _Py_CAST(TYPE*, _PyFreeList_Pop(&_Py_freelists_GET()->NAME))
+
+// Pops a non-PyObject data structure from the freelist, returns NULL if the
+// freelist is empty.
+#define _Py_FREELIST_POP_MEM(NAME) \
+    _PyFreeList_PopMem(&_Py_freelists_GET()->NAME)
+
+#define _Py_FREELIST_SIZE(NAME) (int)((_Py_freelists_GET()->NAME).size)
+
+static inline int
+_PyFreeList_Push(struct _Py_freelist *fl, void *obj, Py_ssize_t maxsize)
+{
+    if (fl->size < maxsize && fl->size >= 0) {
+        *(void **)obj = fl->freelist;
+        fl->freelist = obj;
+        fl->size++;
+        OBJECT_STAT_INC(to_freelist);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
 
-struct _Py_async_gen_asend_freelist {
-#ifdef WITH_FREELISTS
-    struct PyAsyncGenASend* items[_PyAsyncGen_MAXFREELIST];
-    int numfree;
-#endif
-};
+static inline void
+_PyFreeList_Free(struct _Py_freelist *fl, void *obj, Py_ssize_t maxsize,
+                 freefunc dofree)
+{
+    if (!_PyFreeList_Push(fl, obj, maxsize)) {
+        dofree(obj);
+    }
+}
 
-struct _PyObjectStackChunk;
+static inline void *
+_PyFreeList_PopNoStats(struct _Py_freelist *fl)
+{
+    void *obj = fl->freelist;
+    if (obj != NULL) {
+        assert(fl->size > 0);
+        fl->freelist = *(void **)obj;
+        fl->size--;
+    }
+    return obj;
+}
 
-struct _Py_object_stack_freelist {
-    struct _PyObjectStackChunk *items;
-    Py_ssize_t numfree;
-};
+static inline PyObject *
+_PyFreeList_Pop(struct _Py_freelist *fl)
+{
+    PyObject *op = _PyFreeList_PopNoStats(fl);
+    if (op != NULL) {
+        OBJECT_STAT_INC(from_freelist);
+        _Py_NewReference(op);
+    }
+    return op;
+}
 
-struct _Py_object_freelists {
-    struct _Py_float_freelist floats;
-    struct _Py_tuple_freelist tuples;
-    struct _Py_list_freelist lists;
-    struct _Py_dict_freelist dicts;
-    struct _Py_dictkeys_freelist dictkeys;
-    struct _Py_slice_freelist slices;
-    struct _Py_context_freelist contexts;
-    struct _Py_async_gen_freelist async_gens;
-    struct _Py_async_gen_asend_freelist async_gen_asends;
-    struct _Py_object_stack_freelist object_stacks;
-};
+static inline void *
+_PyFreeList_PopMem(struct _Py_freelist *fl)
+{
+    void *op = _PyFreeList_PopNoStats(fl);
+    if (op != NULL) {
+        OBJECT_STAT_INC(from_freelist);
+    }
+    return op;
+}
 
-extern void _PyObject_ClearFreeLists(struct _Py_object_freelists *freelists, int is_finalization);
-extern void _PyTuple_ClearFreeList(struct _Py_object_freelists *freelists, int is_finalization);
-extern void _PyFloat_ClearFreeList(struct _Py_object_freelists *freelists, int is_finalization);
-extern void _PyList_ClearFreeList(struct _Py_object_freelists *freelists, int is_finalization);
-extern void _PySlice_ClearFreeList(struct _Py_object_freelists *freelists, int is_finalization);
-extern void _PyDict_ClearFreeList(struct _Py_object_freelists *freelists, int is_finalization);
-extern void _PyAsyncGen_ClearFreeLists(struct _Py_object_freelists *freelists, int is_finalization);
-extern void _PyContext_ClearFreeList(struct _Py_object_freelists *freelists, int is_finalization);
-extern void _PyObjectStackChunk_ClearFreeList(struct _Py_object_freelists *freelists, int is_finalization);
+extern void _PyObject_ClearFreeLists(struct _Py_freelists *freelists, int is_finalization);
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_freelist_state.h b/Include/internal/pycore_freelist_state.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..4e04cf431e0b31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_freelist_state.h
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+#ifndef Py_INTERNAL_FREELIST_STATE_H
+#define Py_INTERNAL_FREELIST_STATE_H
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+#ifndef Py_BUILD_CORE
+#  error "this header requires Py_BUILD_CORE define"
+#endif
+
+#  define PyTuple_MAXSAVESIZE 20     // Largest tuple to save on freelist
+#  define Py_tuple_MAXFREELIST 2000  // Maximum number of tuples of each size to save
+#  define Py_lists_MAXFREELIST 80
+#  define Py_dicts_MAXFREELIST 80
+#  define Py_dictkeys_MAXFREELIST 80
+#  define Py_floats_MAXFREELIST 100
+#  define Py_slices_MAXFREELIST 1
+#  define Py_contexts_MAXFREELIST 255
+#  define Py_async_gens_MAXFREELIST 80
+#  define Py_async_gen_asends_MAXFREELIST 80
+#  define Py_futureiters_MAXFREELIST 255
+#  define Py_object_stack_chunks_MAXFREELIST 4
+#  define Py_unicode_writers_MAXFREELIST 1
+
+// A generic freelist of either PyObjects or other data structures.
+struct _Py_freelist {
+    // Entries are linked together using the first word of the object.
+    // For PyObjects, this overlaps with the `ob_refcnt` field or the `ob_tid`
+    // field.
+    void *freelist;
+
+    // The number of items in the free list or -1 if the free list is disabled
+    Py_ssize_t size;
+};
+
+struct _Py_freelists {
+    struct _Py_freelist floats;
+    struct _Py_freelist tuples[PyTuple_MAXSAVESIZE];
+    struct _Py_freelist lists;
+    struct _Py_freelist dicts;
+    struct _Py_freelist dictkeys;
+    struct _Py_freelist slices;
+    struct _Py_freelist contexts;
+    struct _Py_freelist async_gens;
+    struct _Py_freelist async_gen_asends;
+    struct _Py_freelist futureiters;
+    struct _Py_freelist object_stack_chunks;
+    struct _Py_freelist unicode_writers;
+};
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+#endif /* !Py_INTERNAL_FREELIST_STATE_H */
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_function.h b/Include/internal/pycore_function.h
index 6d44e933e8a8cb..c45d281125febb 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_function.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_function.h
@@ -18,6 +18,10 @@ extern PyObject* _PyFunction_Vectorcall(
 
 #define FUNC_MAX_WATCHERS 8
 
+#define FUNC_VERSION_UNSET 0
+#define FUNC_VERSION_CLEARED 1
+#define FUNC_VERSION_FIRST_VALID 2
+
 #define FUNC_VERSION_CACHE_SIZE (1<<12)  /* Must be a power of 2 */
 
 struct _func_version_cache_item {
@@ -41,6 +45,12 @@ struct _py_func_state {
 
 extern PyFunctionObject* _PyFunction_FromConstructor(PyFrameConstructor *constr);
 
+static inline int
+_PyFunction_IsVersionValid(uint32_t version)
+{
+    return version >= FUNC_VERSION_FIRST_VALID;
+}
+
 extern uint32_t _PyFunction_GetVersionForCurrentState(PyFunctionObject *func);
 PyAPI_FUNC(void) _PyFunction_SetVersion(PyFunctionObject *func, uint32_t version);
 void _PyFunction_ClearCodeByVersion(uint32_t version);
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_gc.h b/Include/internal/pycore_gc.h
index ba8b8e1903f307..b85957df5a6b9f 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_gc.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_gc.h
@@ -8,8 +8,6 @@ extern "C" {
 #  error "this header requires Py_BUILD_CORE define"
 #endif
 
-#include "pycore_freelist.h"   // _PyFreeListState
-
 /* GC information is stored BEFORE the object structure. */
 typedef struct {
     // Pointer to next object in the list.
@@ -142,9 +140,9 @@ static inline void _PyObject_GC_SET_SHARED_INLINE(PyObject *op) {
 
 /* Bit flags for _gc_prev */
 /* Bit 0 is set when tp_finalize is called */
-#define _PyGC_PREV_MASK_FINALIZED  1
+#define _PyGC_PREV_MASK_FINALIZED  ((uintptr_t)1)
 /* Bit 1 is set when the object is in generation which is GCed currently. */
-#define _PyGC_PREV_MASK_COLLECTING 2
+#define _PyGC_PREV_MASK_COLLECTING ((uintptr_t)2)
 
 /* Bit 0 in _gc_next is the old space bit.
  * It is set as follows:
@@ -344,14 +342,6 @@ struct _gc_runtime_state {
        collections, and are awaiting to undergo a full collection for
        the first time. */
     Py_ssize_t long_lived_pending;
-
-    /* gh-117783: Deferred reference counting is not fully implemented yet, so
-       as a temporary measure we treat objects using deferred referenence
-       counting as immortal. The value may be zero, one, or a negative number:
-        0: immortalize deferred RC objects once the first thread is created
-        1: immortalize all deferred RC objects immediately
-        <0: suppressed; don't immortalize objects */
-    int immortalize;
 #endif
 };
 
@@ -383,10 +373,22 @@ extern void _PyGC_ClearAllFreeLists(PyInterpreterState *interp);
 extern void _Py_ScheduleGC(PyThreadState *tstate);
 extern void _Py_RunGC(PyThreadState *tstate);
 
-#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
-// gh-117783: Immortalize objects that use deferred reference counting
-extern void _PyGC_ImmortalizeDeferredObjects(PyInterpreterState *interp);
-#endif
+union _PyStackRef;
+
+// GC visit callback for tracked interpreter frames
+extern int _PyGC_VisitFrameStack(struct _PyInterpreterFrame *frame, visitproc visit, void *arg);
+extern int _PyGC_VisitStackRef(union _PyStackRef *ref, visitproc visit, void *arg);
+
+// Like Py_VISIT but for _PyStackRef fields
+#define _Py_VISIT_STACKREF(ref)                                         \
+    do {                                                                \
+        if (!PyStackRef_IsNull(ref)) {                                  \
+            int vret = _PyGC_VisitStackRef(&(ref), visit, arg);         \
+            if (vret)                                                   \
+                return vret;                                            \
+        }                                                               \
+    } while (0)
+
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_genobject.h b/Include/internal/pycore_genobject.h
index 9463c822ad8669..f6d7e6d367177b 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_genobject.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_genobject.h
@@ -8,7 +8,49 @@ extern "C" {
 #  error "this header requires Py_BUILD_CORE define"
 #endif
 
-#include "pycore_freelist.h"
+#include "pycore_frame.h"
+
+/* _PyGenObject_HEAD defines the initial segment of generator
+   and coroutine objects. */
+#define _PyGenObject_HEAD(prefix)                                           \
+    PyObject_HEAD                                                           \
+    /* List of weak reference. */                                           \
+    PyObject *prefix##_weakreflist;                                         \
+    /* Name of the generator. */                                            \
+    PyObject *prefix##_name;                                                \
+    /* Qualified name of the generator. */                                  \
+    PyObject *prefix##_qualname;                                            \
+    _PyErr_StackItem prefix##_exc_state;                                    \
+    PyObject *prefix##_origin_or_finalizer;                                 \
+    char prefix##_hooks_inited;                                             \
+    char prefix##_closed;                                                   \
+    char prefix##_running_async;                                            \
+    /* The frame */                                                         \
+    int8_t prefix##_frame_state;                                            \
+    struct _PyInterpreterFrame prefix##_iframe;                             \
+
+struct _PyGenObject {
+    /* The gi_ prefix is intended to remind of generator-iterator. */
+    _PyGenObject_HEAD(gi)
+};
+
+struct _PyCoroObject {
+    _PyGenObject_HEAD(cr)
+};
+
+struct _PyAsyncGenObject {
+    _PyGenObject_HEAD(ag)
+};
+
+#undef _PyGenObject_HEAD
+
+static inline
+PyGenObject *_PyGen_GetGeneratorFromFrame(_PyInterpreterFrame *frame)
+{
+    assert(frame->owner == FRAME_OWNED_BY_GENERATOR);
+    size_t offset_in_gen = offsetof(PyGenObject, gi_iframe);
+    return (PyGenObject *)(((char *)frame) - offset_in_gen);
+}
 
 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *)_PyGen_yf(PyGenObject *);
 extern void _PyGen_Finalize(PyObject *self);
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_global_objects.h b/Include/internal/pycore_global_objects.h
index 327fcc24cb29f1..e3f7ac707f0c37 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_global_objects.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_global_objects.h
@@ -66,9 +66,6 @@ struct _Py_static_objects {
 struct _Py_interp_cached_objects {
     PyObject *interned_strings;
 
-    /* AST */
-    PyObject *str_replace_inf;
-
     /* object.__reduce__ */
     PyObject *objreduce;
     PyObject *type_slots_pname;
@@ -81,6 +78,7 @@ struct _Py_interp_cached_objects {
     PyTypeObject *paramspec_type;
     PyTypeObject *paramspecargs_type;
     PyTypeObject *paramspeckwargs_type;
+    PyTypeObject *constevaluator_type;
 };
 
 #define _Py_INTERP_STATIC_OBJECT(interp, NAME) \
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_global_objects_fini_generated.h b/Include/internal/pycore_global_objects_fini_generated.h
index b186408931c92e..2fd7d5d13a98b2 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_global_objects_fini_generated.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_global_objects_fini_generated.h
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ extern "C" {
 #ifdef Py_DEBUG
 static inline void
 _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt(PyObject *obj) {
-    if (Py_REFCNT(obj) < _Py_IMMORTAL_REFCNT) {
+    if (!_Py_IsImmortal(obj)) {
         fprintf(stderr, "Immortal Object has less refcnt than expected.\n");
         _PyObject_Dump(obj);
     }
@@ -551,21 +551,18 @@ _PyStaticObjects_CheckRefcnt(PyInterpreterState *interp) {
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_STR(anon_setcomp));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_STR(anon_string));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_STR(anon_unknown));
-    _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_STR(close_br));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_STR(dbl_close_br));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_STR(dbl_open_br));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_STR(dbl_percent));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_STR(defaults));
-    _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_STR(dot));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_STR(dot_locals));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_STR(empty));
+    _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_STR(format));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_STR(generic_base));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_STR(json_decoder));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_STR(kwdefaults));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_STR(list_err));
-    _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_STR(newline));
-    _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_STR(open_br));
-    _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_STR(percent));
+    _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_STR(str_replace_inf));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_STR(type_params));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_STR(utf_8));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(CANCELLED));
@@ -577,7 +574,6 @@ _PyStaticObjects_CheckRefcnt(PyInterpreterState *interp) {
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(TextIOWrapper));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(True));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(WarningMessage));
-    _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(_));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(_WindowsConsoleIO));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(__IOBase_closed));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(__abc_tpflags__));
@@ -593,7 +589,6 @@ _PyStaticObjects_CheckRefcnt(PyInterpreterState *interp) {
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(__annotate__));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(__annotations__));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(__args__));
-    _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(__asyncio_running_event_loop__));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(__await__));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(__bases__));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(__bool__));
@@ -610,7 +605,6 @@ _PyStaticObjects_CheckRefcnt(PyInterpreterState *interp) {
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(__classdictcell__));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(__complex__));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(__contains__));
-    _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(__copy__));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(__ctypes_from_outparam__));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(__del__));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(__delattr__));
@@ -744,8 +738,6 @@ _PyStaticObjects_CheckRefcnt(PyInterpreterState *interp) {
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(_abc_impl));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(_abstract_));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(_active));
-    _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(_align_));
-    _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(_annotation));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(_anonymous_));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(_argtypes_));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(_as_parameter_));
@@ -766,24 +758,25 @@ _PyStaticObjects_CheckRefcnt(PyInterpreterState *interp) {
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(_initializing));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(_io));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(_is_text_encoding));
-    _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(_layout_));
+    _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(_isatty_open_only));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(_length_));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(_limbo));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(_lock_unlock_module));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(_loop));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(_needs_com_addref_));
-    _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(_pack_));
+    _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(_only_immortal));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(_restype_));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(_showwarnmsg));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(_shutdown));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(_slotnames));
-    _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(_strptime_datetime));
-    _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(_swappedbytes_));
+    _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(_strptime));
+    _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(_strptime_datetime_date));
+    _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(_strptime_datetime_datetime));
+    _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(_strptime_datetime_time));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(_type_));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(_uninitialized_submodules));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(_warn_unawaited_coroutine));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(_xoptions));
-    _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(a));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(abs_tol));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(access));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(aclose));
@@ -793,6 +786,7 @@ _PyStaticObjects_CheckRefcnt(PyInterpreterState *interp) {
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(after_in_parent));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(aggregate_class));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(alias));
+    _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(align));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(allow_code));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(append));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(arg));
@@ -807,12 +801,12 @@ _PyStaticObjects_CheckRefcnt(PyInterpreterState *interp) {
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(attribute));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(authorizer_callback));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(autocommit));
-    _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(b));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(backtick));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(base));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(before));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(big));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(binary_form));
+    _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(bit_size));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(block));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(bound));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(buffer));
@@ -825,7 +819,6 @@ _PyStaticObjects_CheckRefcnt(PyInterpreterState *interp) {
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(byteorder));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(bytes));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(bytes_per_sep));
-    _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(c));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(c_call));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(c_exception));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(c_return));
@@ -881,7 +874,6 @@ _PyStaticObjects_CheckRefcnt(PyInterpreterState *interp) {
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(count));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(covariant));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(cwd));
-    _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(d));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(data));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(database));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(day));
@@ -907,10 +899,10 @@ _PyStaticObjects_CheckRefcnt(PyInterpreterState *interp) {
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(displayhook));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(dklen));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(doc));
+    _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(done));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(dont_inherit));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(dst));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(dst_dir_fd));
-    _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(e));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(eager_start));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(effective_ids));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(element_factory));
@@ -934,7 +926,6 @@ _PyStaticObjects_CheckRefcnt(PyInterpreterState *interp) {
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(exp));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(extend));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(extra_tokens));
-    _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(f));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(facility));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(factory));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(false));
@@ -944,6 +935,7 @@ _PyStaticObjects_CheckRefcnt(PyInterpreterState *interp) {
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(fd2));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(fdel));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(fget));
+    _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(fields));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(file));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(file_actions));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(filename));
@@ -960,6 +952,7 @@ _PyStaticObjects_CheckRefcnt(PyInterpreterState *interp) {
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(fold));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(follow_symlinks));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(format));
+    _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(format_spec));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(from_param));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(fromlist));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(fromtimestamp));
@@ -967,7 +960,6 @@ _PyStaticObjects_CheckRefcnt(PyInterpreterState *interp) {
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(fset));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(func));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(future));
-    _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(g));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(generation));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(genexpr));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(get));
@@ -981,7 +973,6 @@ _PyStaticObjects_CheckRefcnt(PyInterpreterState *interp) {
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(globals));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(groupindex));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(groups));
-    _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(h));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(handle));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(handle_seq));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(has_location));
@@ -998,6 +989,7 @@ _PyStaticObjects_CheckRefcnt(PyInterpreterState *interp) {
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(importlib));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(in_fd));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(incoming));
+    _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(index));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(indexgroup));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(inf));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(infer_variance));
@@ -1018,6 +1010,7 @@ _PyStaticObjects_CheckRefcnt(PyInterpreterState *interp) {
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(intersection));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(interval));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(is_running));
+    _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(is_struct));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(isatty));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(isinstance));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(isoformat));
@@ -1092,7 +1085,6 @@ _PyStaticObjects_CheckRefcnt(PyInterpreterState *interp) {
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(msg));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(mutex));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(mycmp));
-    _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(n));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(n_arg));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(n_fields));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(n_sequence_fields));
@@ -1138,7 +1130,6 @@ _PyStaticObjects_CheckRefcnt(PyInterpreterState *interp) {
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(outgoing));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(overlapped));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(owner));
-    _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(p));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(pages));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(parent));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(password));
@@ -1166,7 +1157,6 @@ _PyStaticObjects_CheckRefcnt(PyInterpreterState *interp) {
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(ps2));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(query));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(quotetabs));
-    _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(r));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(raw));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(read));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(read1));
@@ -1190,7 +1180,6 @@ _PyStaticObjects_CheckRefcnt(PyInterpreterState *interp) {
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(return));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(reverse));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(reversed));
-    _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(s));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(salt));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(sched_priority));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(scheduler));
@@ -1297,7 +1286,6 @@ _PyStaticObjects_CheckRefcnt(PyInterpreterState *interp) {
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(writable));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(write));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(write_through));
-    _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(x));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(year));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_ID(zdict));
     _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt((PyObject *)&_Py_SINGLETON(strings).ascii[0]);
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_global_strings.h b/Include/internal/pycore_global_strings.h
index e1808c85acfb2d..fc3871570cc49d 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_global_strings.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_global_strings.h
@@ -37,21 +37,18 @@ struct _Py_global_strings {
         STRUCT_FOR_STR(anon_setcomp, "<setcomp>")
         STRUCT_FOR_STR(anon_string, "<string>")
         STRUCT_FOR_STR(anon_unknown, "<unknown>")
-        STRUCT_FOR_STR(close_br, "}")
         STRUCT_FOR_STR(dbl_close_br, "}}")
         STRUCT_FOR_STR(dbl_open_br, "{{")
         STRUCT_FOR_STR(dbl_percent, "%%")
         STRUCT_FOR_STR(defaults, ".defaults")
-        STRUCT_FOR_STR(dot, ".")
         STRUCT_FOR_STR(dot_locals, ".<locals>")
         STRUCT_FOR_STR(empty, "")
+        STRUCT_FOR_STR(format, ".format")
         STRUCT_FOR_STR(generic_base, ".generic_base")
         STRUCT_FOR_STR(json_decoder, "json.decoder")
         STRUCT_FOR_STR(kwdefaults, ".kwdefaults")
         STRUCT_FOR_STR(list_err, "list index out of range")
-        STRUCT_FOR_STR(newline, "\n")
-        STRUCT_FOR_STR(open_br, "{")
-        STRUCT_FOR_STR(percent, "%")
+        STRUCT_FOR_STR(str_replace_inf, "1e309")
         STRUCT_FOR_STR(type_params, ".type_params")
         STRUCT_FOR_STR(utf_8, "utf-8")
     } literals;
@@ -66,7 +63,6 @@ struct _Py_global_strings {
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(TextIOWrapper)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(True)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(WarningMessage)
-        STRUCT_FOR_ID(_)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(_WindowsConsoleIO)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(__IOBase_closed)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(__abc_tpflags__)
@@ -82,7 +78,6 @@ struct _Py_global_strings {
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(__annotate__)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(__annotations__)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(__args__)
-        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__asyncio_running_event_loop__)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(__await__)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(__bases__)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(__bool__)
@@ -99,7 +94,6 @@ struct _Py_global_strings {
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(__classdictcell__)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(__complex__)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(__contains__)
-        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__copy__)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(__ctypes_from_outparam__)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(__del__)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(__delattr__)
@@ -233,8 +227,6 @@ struct _Py_global_strings {
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(_abc_impl)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(_abstract_)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(_active)
-        STRUCT_FOR_ID(_align_)
-        STRUCT_FOR_ID(_annotation)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(_anonymous_)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(_argtypes_)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(_as_parameter_)
@@ -255,24 +247,25 @@ struct _Py_global_strings {
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(_initializing)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(_io)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(_is_text_encoding)
-        STRUCT_FOR_ID(_layout_)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(_isatty_open_only)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(_length_)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(_limbo)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(_lock_unlock_module)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(_loop)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(_needs_com_addref_)
-        STRUCT_FOR_ID(_pack_)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(_only_immortal)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(_restype_)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(_showwarnmsg)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(_shutdown)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(_slotnames)
-        STRUCT_FOR_ID(_strptime_datetime)
-        STRUCT_FOR_ID(_swappedbytes_)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(_strptime)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(_strptime_datetime_date)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(_strptime_datetime_datetime)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(_strptime_datetime_time)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(_type_)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(_uninitialized_submodules)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(_warn_unawaited_coroutine)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(_xoptions)
-        STRUCT_FOR_ID(a)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(abs_tol)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(access)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(aclose)
@@ -282,6 +275,7 @@ struct _Py_global_strings {
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(after_in_parent)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(aggregate_class)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(alias)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(align)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(allow_code)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(append)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(arg)
@@ -296,12 +290,12 @@ struct _Py_global_strings {
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(attribute)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(authorizer_callback)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(autocommit)
-        STRUCT_FOR_ID(b)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(backtick)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(base)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(before)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(big)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(binary_form)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(bit_size)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(block)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(bound)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(buffer)
@@ -314,7 +308,6 @@ struct _Py_global_strings {
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(byteorder)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(bytes)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(bytes_per_sep)
-        STRUCT_FOR_ID(c)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(c_call)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(c_exception)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(c_return)
@@ -370,7 +363,6 @@ struct _Py_global_strings {
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(count)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(covariant)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(cwd)
-        STRUCT_FOR_ID(d)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(data)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(database)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(day)
@@ -396,10 +388,10 @@ struct _Py_global_strings {
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(displayhook)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(dklen)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(doc)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(done)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(dont_inherit)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(dst)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(dst_dir_fd)
-        STRUCT_FOR_ID(e)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(eager_start)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(effective_ids)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(element_factory)
@@ -423,7 +415,6 @@ struct _Py_global_strings {
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(exp)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(extend)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(extra_tokens)
-        STRUCT_FOR_ID(f)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(facility)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(factory)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(false)
@@ -433,6 +424,7 @@ struct _Py_global_strings {
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(fd2)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(fdel)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(fget)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(fields)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(file)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(file_actions)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(filename)
@@ -449,6 +441,7 @@ struct _Py_global_strings {
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(fold)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(follow_symlinks)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(format)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(format_spec)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(from_param)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(fromlist)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(fromtimestamp)
@@ -456,7 +449,6 @@ struct _Py_global_strings {
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(fset)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(func)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(future)
-        STRUCT_FOR_ID(g)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(generation)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(genexpr)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(get)
@@ -470,7 +462,6 @@ struct _Py_global_strings {
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(globals)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(groupindex)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(groups)
-        STRUCT_FOR_ID(h)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(handle)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(handle_seq)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(has_location)
@@ -487,6 +478,7 @@ struct _Py_global_strings {
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(importlib)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(in_fd)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(incoming)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(index)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(indexgroup)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(inf)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(infer_variance)
@@ -507,6 +499,7 @@ struct _Py_global_strings {
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(intersection)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(interval)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(is_running)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(is_struct)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(isatty)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(isinstance)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(isoformat)
@@ -581,7 +574,6 @@ struct _Py_global_strings {
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(msg)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(mutex)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(mycmp)
-        STRUCT_FOR_ID(n)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(n_arg)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(n_fields)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(n_sequence_fields)
@@ -627,7 +619,6 @@ struct _Py_global_strings {
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(outgoing)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(overlapped)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(owner)
-        STRUCT_FOR_ID(p)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(pages)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(parent)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(password)
@@ -655,7 +646,6 @@ struct _Py_global_strings {
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(ps2)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(query)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(quotetabs)
-        STRUCT_FOR_ID(r)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(raw)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(read)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(read1)
@@ -679,7 +669,6 @@ struct _Py_global_strings {
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(return)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(reverse)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(reversed)
-        STRUCT_FOR_ID(s)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(salt)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(sched_priority)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(scheduler)
@@ -786,7 +775,6 @@ struct _Py_global_strings {
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(writable)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(write)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(write_through)
-        STRUCT_FOR_ID(x)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(year)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(zdict)
     } identifiers;
@@ -809,6 +797,10 @@ struct _Py_global_strings {
      (_Py_SINGLETON(strings.identifiers._py_ ## NAME._ascii.ob_base))
 #define _Py_STR(NAME) \
      (_Py_SINGLETON(strings.literals._py_ ## NAME._ascii.ob_base))
+#define _Py_LATIN1_CHR(CH) \
+    ((CH) < 128 \
+     ? (PyObject*)&_Py_SINGLETON(strings).ascii[(CH)] \
+     : (PyObject*)&_Py_SINGLETON(strings).latin1[(CH) - 128])
 
 /* _Py_DECLARE_STR() should precede all uses of _Py_STR() in a function.
 
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_identifier.h b/Include/internal/pycore_identifier.h
deleted file mode 100644
index cda28810a48196..00000000000000
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_identifier.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-/* String Literals: _Py_Identifier API */
-
-#ifndef Py_INTERNAL_IDENTIFIER_H
-#define Py_INTERNAL_IDENTIFIER_H
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-extern "C" {
-#endif
-
-#ifndef Py_BUILD_CORE
-#  error "this header requires Py_BUILD_CORE define"
-#endif
-
-extern PyObject* _PyType_LookupId(PyTypeObject *, _Py_Identifier *);
-extern PyObject* _PyObject_LookupSpecialId(PyObject *, _Py_Identifier *);
-extern int _PyObject_SetAttrId(PyObject *, _Py_Identifier *, PyObject *);
-
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-}
-#endif
-#endif  // !Py_INTERNAL_IDENTIFIER_H
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_importdl.h b/Include/internal/pycore_importdl.h
index e5f222b371a113..525a16f6b97274 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_importdl.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_importdl.h
@@ -56,9 +56,11 @@ extern int _Py_ext_module_loader_info_init_for_core(
 extern int _Py_ext_module_loader_info_init_for_builtin(
     struct _Py_ext_module_loader_info *p_info,
     PyObject *name);
+#ifdef HAVE_DYNAMIC_LOADING
 extern int _Py_ext_module_loader_info_init_from_spec(
     struct _Py_ext_module_loader_info *info,
     PyObject *spec);
+#endif
 
 /* The result from running an extension module's init function. */
 struct _Py_ext_module_loader_result {
@@ -87,9 +89,11 @@ extern void _Py_ext_module_loader_result_apply_error(
 
 /* The module init function. */
 typedef PyObject *(*PyModInitFunction)(void);
+#ifdef HAVE_DYNAMIC_LOADING
 extern PyModInitFunction _PyImport_GetModInitFunc(
     struct _Py_ext_module_loader_info *info,
     FILE *fp);
+#endif
 extern int _PyImport_RunModInitFunc(
     PyModInitFunction p0,
     struct _Py_ext_module_loader_info *info,
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_initconfig.h b/Include/internal/pycore_initconfig.h
index 6bf1b53bffd3ba..25ec8cec3bd249 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_initconfig.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_initconfig.h
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ extern PyStatus _PyConfig_Write(const PyConfig *config,
 extern PyStatus _PyConfig_SetPyArgv(
     PyConfig *config,
     const _PyArgv *args);
-
+extern PyObject* _PyConfig_CreateXOptionsDict(const PyConfig *config);
 
 extern void _Py_DumpPathConfig(PyThreadState *tstate);
 
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_instruction_sequence.h b/Include/internal/pycore_instruction_sequence.h
index d6a79616db71fa..099f2fd124007a 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_instruction_sequence.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_instruction_sequence.h
@@ -51,6 +51,11 @@ typedef struct {
     int id;
 } _PyJumpTargetLabel;
 
+#define NO_LABEL ((const _PyJumpTargetLabel){-1})
+
+#define SAME_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(L1, L2) ((L1).id == (L2).id)
+#define IS_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(L) (!SAME_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL((L), (NO_LABEL)))
+
 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject*)_PyInstructionSequence_New(void);
 
 int _PyInstructionSequence_UseLabel(_PyInstructionSequence *seq, int lbl);
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_interp.h b/Include/internal/pycore_interp.h
index 86dada5061e7b5..36cd71e5a007d5 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_interp.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_interp.h
@@ -23,17 +23,19 @@ extern "C" {
 #include "pycore_floatobject.h"   // struct _Py_float_state
 #include "pycore_function.h"      // FUNC_MAX_WATCHERS
 #include "pycore_gc.h"            // struct _gc_runtime_state
-#include "pycore_genobject.h"     // struct _Py_async_gen_state
+#include "pycore_genobject.h"     // _PyGen_FetchStopIterationValue
 #include "pycore_global_objects.h"// struct _Py_interp_cached_objects
 #include "pycore_import.h"        // struct _import_state
 #include "pycore_instruments.h"   // _PY_MONITORING_EVENTS
 #include "pycore_list.h"          // struct _Py_list_state
 #include "pycore_mimalloc.h"      // struct _mimalloc_interp_state
 #include "pycore_object_state.h"  // struct _py_object_state
+#include "pycore_optimizer.h"     // _PyOptimizerObject
 #include "pycore_obmalloc.h"      // struct _obmalloc_state
 #include "pycore_qsbr.h"          // struct _qsbr_state
 #include "pycore_tstate.h"        // _PyThreadStateImpl
 #include "pycore_tuple.h"         // struct _Py_tuple_state
+#include "pycore_uniqueid.h"      // struct _Py_unique_id_pool
 #include "pycore_typeobject.h"    // struct types_state
 #include "pycore_unicodeobject.h" // struct _Py_unicode_state
 #include "pycore_warnings.h"      // struct _warnings_runtime_state
@@ -100,9 +102,8 @@ struct _is {
     PyInterpreterState *next;
 
     int64_t id;
-    int64_t id_refcount;
+    Py_ssize_t id_refcount;
     int requires_idref;
-    PyThread_type_lock id_mutex;
 
 #define _PyInterpreterState_WHENCE_NOTSET -1
 #define _PyInterpreterState_WHENCE_UNKNOWN 0
@@ -219,6 +220,7 @@ struct _is {
 #if defined(Py_GIL_DISABLED)
     struct _mimalloc_interp_state mimalloc;
     struct _brc_state brc;  // biased reference counting state
+    struct _Py_unique_id_pool unique_ids;  // object ids for per-thread refcounts
     PyMutex weakref_locks[NUM_WEAKREF_LIST_LOCKS];
 #endif
 
@@ -237,8 +239,10 @@ struct _is {
     PyObject *audit_hooks;
     PyType_WatchCallback type_watchers[TYPE_MAX_WATCHERS];
     PyCode_WatchCallback code_watchers[CODE_MAX_WATCHERS];
+    PyContext_WatchCallback context_watchers[CONTEXT_MAX_WATCHERS];
     // One bit is set for each non-NULL entry in code_watchers
     uint8_t active_code_watchers;
+    uint8_t active_context_watchers;
 
     struct _py_object_state object_state;
     struct _Py_unicode_state unicode;
@@ -256,7 +260,7 @@ struct _is {
     struct callable_cache callable_cache;
     _PyOptimizerObject *optimizer;
     _PyExecutorObject *executor_list_head;
-
+    size_t trace_run_counter;
     _rare_events rare_events;
     PyDict_WatchCallback builtins_dict_watcher;
 
@@ -267,6 +271,7 @@ struct _is {
     Py_ssize_t sys_tracing_threads; /* Count of threads with c_tracefunc set */
     PyObject *monitoring_callables[PY_MONITORING_TOOL_IDS][_PY_MONITORING_EVENTS];
     PyObject *monitoring_tool_names[PY_MONITORING_TOOL_IDS];
+    uintptr_t monitoring_tool_versions[PY_MONITORING_TOOL_IDS];
 
     struct _Py_interp_cached_objects cached_objects;
     struct _Py_interp_static_objects static_objects;
@@ -312,8 +317,7 @@ _PyInterpreterState_SetFinalizing(PyInterpreterState *interp, PyThreadState *tst
 PyAPI_FUNC(int64_t) _PyInterpreterState_ObjectToID(PyObject *);
 PyAPI_FUNC(PyInterpreterState *) _PyInterpreterState_LookUpID(int64_t);
 PyAPI_FUNC(PyInterpreterState *) _PyInterpreterState_LookUpIDObject(PyObject *);
-PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyInterpreterState_IDInitref(PyInterpreterState *);
-PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyInterpreterState_IDIncref(PyInterpreterState *);
+PyAPI_FUNC(void) _PyInterpreterState_IDIncref(PyInterpreterState *);
 PyAPI_FUNC(void) _PyInterpreterState_IDDecref(PyInterpreterState *);
 
 PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyInterpreterState_IsReady(PyInterpreterState *interp);
@@ -401,7 +405,10 @@ PyAPI_FUNC(PyStatus) _PyInterpreterState_New(
 #define RARE_EVENT_INTERP_INC(interp, name) \
     do { \
         /* saturating add */ \
-        if (interp->rare_events.name < UINT8_MAX) interp->rare_events.name++; \
+        int val = FT_ATOMIC_LOAD_UINT8_RELAXED(interp->rare_events.name); \
+        if (val < UINT8_MAX) { \
+            FT_ATOMIC_STORE_UINT8(interp->rare_events.name, val + 1); \
+        } \
         RARE_EVENT_STAT_INC(name); \
     } while (0); \
 
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_jit.h b/Include/internal/pycore_jit.h
index 17bd23f0752be2..4d6cc35a7a3de7 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_jit.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_jit.h
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ extern "C" {
 
 #ifdef _Py_JIT
 
-typedef _Py_CODEUNIT *(*jit_func)(_PyInterpreterFrame *frame, PyObject **stack_pointer, PyThreadState *tstate);
+typedef _Py_CODEUNIT *(*jit_func)(_PyInterpreterFrame *frame, _PyStackRef *stack_pointer, PyThreadState *tstate);
 
 int _PyJIT_Compile(_PyExecutorObject *executor, const _PyUOpInstruction *trace, size_t length);
 void _PyJIT_Free(_PyExecutorObject *executor);
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_list.h b/Include/internal/pycore_list.h
index 73695d10e0c372..2c666f9be4bd79 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_list.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_list.h
@@ -8,8 +8,6 @@ extern "C" {
 #  error "this header requires Py_BUILD_CORE define"
 #endif
 
-#include "pycore_freelist.h"  // _PyFreeListState
-
 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject*) _PyList_Extend(PyListObject *, PyObject *);
 extern void _PyList_DebugMallocStats(FILE *out);
 
@@ -47,7 +45,7 @@ _Py_memory_repeat(char* dest, Py_ssize_t len_dest, Py_ssize_t len_src)
     Py_ssize_t copied = len_src;
     while (copied < len_dest) {
         Py_ssize_t bytes_to_copy = Py_MIN(copied, len_dest - copied);
-        memcpy(dest + copied, dest, bytes_to_copy);
+        memcpy(dest + copied, dest, (size_t)bytes_to_copy);
         copied += bytes_to_copy;
     }
 }
@@ -58,7 +56,10 @@ typedef struct {
     PyListObject *it_seq; /* Set to NULL when iterator is exhausted */
 } _PyListIterObject;
 
-PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *)_PyList_FromArraySteal(PyObject *const *src, Py_ssize_t n);
+union _PyStackRef;
+
+PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *)_PyList_FromStackRefSteal(const union _PyStackRef *src, Py_ssize_t n);
+
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_lock.h b/Include/internal/pycore_lock.h
index 882c4888e5058c..57cbce8f126aca 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_lock.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_lock.h
@@ -13,48 +13,10 @@ extern "C" {
 #  error "this header requires Py_BUILD_CORE define"
 #endif
 
-
-// A mutex that occupies one byte. The lock can be zero initialized.
-//
-// Only the two least significant bits are used. The remaining bits should be
-// zero:
-// 0b00: unlocked
-// 0b01: locked
-// 0b10: unlocked and has parked threads
-// 0b11: locked and has parked threads
-//
-// Typical initialization:
-//   PyMutex m = (PyMutex){0};
-//
-// Or initialize as global variables:
-//   static PyMutex m;
-//
-// Typical usage:
-//   PyMutex_Lock(&m);
-//   ...
-//   PyMutex_Unlock(&m);
-
-// NOTE: In Py_GIL_DISABLED builds, `struct _PyMutex` is defined in Include/object.h.
-// The Py_GIL_DISABLED builds need the definition in Include/object.h for the
-// `ob_mutex` field in PyObject. For the default (non-free-threaded) build,
-// we define the struct here to avoid exposing it in the public API.
-#ifndef Py_GIL_DISABLED
-struct _PyMutex { uint8_t v; };
-#endif
-
-typedef struct _PyMutex PyMutex;
-
-#define _Py_UNLOCKED    0
-#define _Py_LOCKED      1
+//_Py_UNLOCKED is defined as 0 and _Py_LOCKED as 1 in Include/cpython/lock.h
 #define _Py_HAS_PARKED  2
 #define _Py_ONCE_INITIALIZED 4
 
-// (private) slow path for locking the mutex
-PyAPI_FUNC(void) _PyMutex_LockSlow(PyMutex *m);
-
-// (private) slow path for unlocking the mutex
-PyAPI_FUNC(void) _PyMutex_UnlockSlow(PyMutex *m);
-
 static inline int
 PyMutex_LockFast(uint8_t *lock_bits)
 {
@@ -62,35 +24,11 @@ PyMutex_LockFast(uint8_t *lock_bits)
     return _Py_atomic_compare_exchange_uint8(lock_bits, &expected, _Py_LOCKED);
 }
 
-// Locks the mutex.
-//
-// If the mutex is currently locked, the calling thread will be parked until
-// the mutex is unlocked. If the current thread holds the GIL, then the GIL
-// will be released while the thread is parked.
-static inline void
-PyMutex_Lock(PyMutex *m)
-{
-    uint8_t expected = _Py_UNLOCKED;
-    if (!_Py_atomic_compare_exchange_uint8(&m->v, &expected, _Py_LOCKED)) {
-        _PyMutex_LockSlow(m);
-    }
-}
-
-// Unlocks the mutex.
-static inline void
-PyMutex_Unlock(PyMutex *m)
-{
-    uint8_t expected = _Py_LOCKED;
-    if (!_Py_atomic_compare_exchange_uint8(&m->v, &expected, _Py_UNLOCKED)) {
-        _PyMutex_UnlockSlow(m);
-    }
-}
-
 // Checks if the mutex is currently locked.
 static inline int
 PyMutex_IsLocked(PyMutex *m)
 {
-    return (_Py_atomic_load_uint8(&m->v) & _Py_LOCKED) != 0;
+    return (_Py_atomic_load_uint8(&m->_bits) & _Py_LOCKED) != 0;
 }
 
 // Re-initializes the mutex after a fork to the unlocked state.
@@ -121,13 +59,13 @@ static inline void
 PyMutex_LockFlags(PyMutex *m, _PyLockFlags flags)
 {
     uint8_t expected = _Py_UNLOCKED;
-    if (!_Py_atomic_compare_exchange_uint8(&m->v, &expected, _Py_LOCKED)) {
+    if (!_Py_atomic_compare_exchange_uint8(&m->_bits, &expected, _Py_LOCKED)) {
         _PyMutex_LockTimed(m, -1, flags);
     }
 }
 
-// Unlock a mutex, returns 0 if the mutex is not locked (used for improved
-// error messages).
+// Unlock a mutex, returns -1 if the mutex is not locked (used for improved
+// error messages) otherwise returns 0.
 extern int _PyMutex_TryUnlock(PyMutex *m);
 
 
@@ -190,12 +128,6 @@ _PyRawMutex_Unlock(_PyRawMutex *m)
     _PyRawMutex_UnlockSlow(m);
 }
 
-// A data structure that can be used to run initialization code once in a
-// thread-safe manner. The C++11 equivalent is std::call_once.
-typedef struct {
-    uint8_t v;
-} _PyOnceFlag;
-
 // Type signature for one-time initialization functions. The function should
 // return 0 on success and -1 on failure.
 typedef int _Py_once_fn_t(void *arg);
@@ -228,8 +160,9 @@ typedef struct {
 
 PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyRecursiveMutex_IsLockedByCurrentThread(_PyRecursiveMutex *m);
 PyAPI_FUNC(void) _PyRecursiveMutex_Lock(_PyRecursiveMutex *m);
+extern PyLockStatus _PyRecursiveMutex_LockTimed(_PyRecursiveMutex *m, PyTime_t timeout, _PyLockFlags flags);
 PyAPI_FUNC(void) _PyRecursiveMutex_Unlock(_PyRecursiveMutex *m);
-
+extern int _PyRecursiveMutex_TryUnlock(_PyRecursiveMutex *m);
 
 // A readers-writer (RW) lock. The lock supports multiple concurrent readers or
 // a single writer. The lock is write-preferring: if a writer is waiting while
@@ -296,12 +229,12 @@ PyAPI_FUNC(void) _PySeqLock_AbandonWrite(_PySeqLock *seqlock);
 PyAPI_FUNC(uint32_t) _PySeqLock_BeginRead(_PySeqLock *seqlock);
 
 // End the read operation and confirm that the sequence number has not changed.
-// Returns 1 if the read was successful or 0 if the read should be re-tried.
-PyAPI_FUNC(uint32_t) _PySeqLock_EndRead(_PySeqLock *seqlock, uint32_t previous);
+// Returns 1 if the read was successful or 0 if the read should be retried.
+PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PySeqLock_EndRead(_PySeqLock *seqlock, uint32_t previous);
 
 // Check if the lock was held during a fork and clear the lock.  Returns 1
-// if the lock was held and any associated datat should be cleared.
-PyAPI_FUNC(uint32_t) _PySeqLock_AfterFork(_PySeqLock *seqlock);
+// if the lock was held and any associated data should be cleared.
+PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PySeqLock_AfterFork(_PySeqLock *seqlock);
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_long.h b/Include/internal/pycore_long.h
index 8513695c22e703..196b4152280a35 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_long.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_long.h
@@ -79,14 +79,13 @@ static inline PyObject* _PyLong_FromUnsignedChar(unsigned char i)
 }
 
 // _PyLong_Frexp returns a double x and an exponent e such that the
-// true value is approximately equal to x * 2**e.  e is >= 0.  x is
+// true value is approximately equal to x * 2**e.  x is
 // 0.0 if and only if the input is 0 (in which case, e and x are both
-// zeroes); otherwise, 0.5 <= abs(x) < 1.0.  On overflow, which is
-// possible if the number of bits doesn't fit into a Py_ssize_t, sets
-// OverflowError and returns -1.0 for x, 0 for e.
+// zeroes); otherwise, 0.5 <= abs(x) < 1.0.
+// Always successful.
 //
 // Export for 'math' shared extension
-PyAPI_DATA(double) _PyLong_Frexp(PyLongObject *a, Py_ssize_t *e);
+PyAPI_DATA(double) _PyLong_Frexp(PyLongObject *a, int64_t *e);
 
 extern PyObject* _PyLong_FromBytes(const char *, Py_ssize_t, int);
 
@@ -105,10 +104,10 @@ PyAPI_DATA(PyObject*) _PyLong_DivmodNear(PyObject *, PyObject *);
 PyAPI_DATA(PyObject*) _PyLong_Format(PyObject *obj, int base);
 
 // Export for 'math' shared extension
-PyAPI_DATA(PyObject*) _PyLong_Rshift(PyObject *, size_t);
+PyAPI_DATA(PyObject*) _PyLong_Rshift(PyObject *, int64_t);
 
 // Export for 'math' shared extension
-PyAPI_DATA(PyObject*) _PyLong_Lshift(PyObject *, size_t);
+PyAPI_DATA(PyObject*) _PyLong_Lshift(PyObject *, int64_t);
 
 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject*) _PyLong_Add(PyLongObject *left, PyLongObject *right);
 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject*) _PyLong_Multiply(PyLongObject *left, PyLongObject *right);
@@ -178,8 +177,12 @@ PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyLong_Size_t_Converter(PyObject *, void *);
  * we define them to the numbers in both places and then assert that
  * they're the same.
  */
-static_assert(SIGN_MASK == _PyLong_SIGN_MASK, "SIGN_MASK does not match _PyLong_SIGN_MASK");
-static_assert(NON_SIZE_BITS == _PyLong_NON_SIZE_BITS, "NON_SIZE_BITS does not match _PyLong_NON_SIZE_BITS");
+#if SIGN_MASK != _PyLong_SIGN_MASK
+#  error "SIGN_MASK does not match _PyLong_SIGN_MASK"
+#endif
+#if NON_SIZE_BITS != _PyLong_NON_SIZE_BITS
+#  error "NON_SIZE_BITS does not match _PyLong_NON_SIZE_BITS"
+#endif
 
 /* All *compact" values are guaranteed to fit into
  * a Py_ssize_t with at least one bit to spare.
@@ -224,7 +227,7 @@ static inline Py_ssize_t
 _PyLong_DigitCount(const PyLongObject *op)
 {
     assert(PyLong_Check(op));
-    return op->long_value.lv_tag >> NON_SIZE_BITS;
+    return (Py_ssize_t)(op->long_value.lv_tag >> NON_SIZE_BITS);
 }
 
 /* Equivalent to _PyLong_DigitCount(op) * _PyLong_NonCompactSign(op) */
@@ -240,7 +243,7 @@ static inline int
 _PyLong_CompactSign(const PyLongObject *op)
 {
     assert(PyLong_Check(op));
-    assert(_PyLong_IsCompact(op));
+    assert(_PyLong_IsCompact((PyLongObject *)op));
     return 1 - (op->long_value.lv_tag & SIGN_MASK);
 }
 
@@ -248,7 +251,7 @@ static inline int
 _PyLong_NonCompactSign(const PyLongObject *op)
 {
     assert(PyLong_Check(op));
-    assert(!_PyLong_IsCompact(op));
+    assert(!_PyLong_IsCompact((PyLongObject *)op));
     return 1 - (op->long_value.lv_tag & SIGN_MASK);
 }
 
@@ -259,7 +262,8 @@ _PyLong_SameSign(const PyLongObject *a, const PyLongObject *b)
     return (a->long_value.lv_tag & SIGN_MASK) == (b->long_value.lv_tag & SIGN_MASK);
 }
 
-#define TAG_FROM_SIGN_AND_SIZE(sign, size) ((1 - (sign)) | ((size) << NON_SIZE_BITS))
+#define TAG_FROM_SIGN_AND_SIZE(sign, size) \
+    ((uintptr_t)(1 - (sign)) | ((uintptr_t)(size) << NON_SIZE_BITS))
 
 static inline void
 _PyLong_SetSignAndDigitCount(PyLongObject *op, int sign, Py_ssize_t size)
@@ -267,7 +271,7 @@ _PyLong_SetSignAndDigitCount(PyLongObject *op, int sign, Py_ssize_t size)
     assert(size >= 0);
     assert(-1 <= sign && sign <= 1);
     assert(sign != 0 || size == 0);
-    op->long_value.lv_tag = TAG_FROM_SIGN_AND_SIZE(sign, (size_t)size);
+    op->long_value.lv_tag = TAG_FROM_SIGN_AND_SIZE(sign, size);
 }
 
 static inline void
@@ -277,7 +281,7 @@ _PyLong_SetDigitCount(PyLongObject *op, Py_ssize_t size)
     op->long_value.lv_tag = (((size_t)size) << NON_SIZE_BITS) | (op->long_value.lv_tag & SIGN_MASK);
 }
 
-#define NON_SIZE_MASK ~((1 << NON_SIZE_BITS) - 1)
+#define NON_SIZE_MASK ~(uintptr_t)((1 << NON_SIZE_BITS) - 1)
 
 static inline void
 _PyLong_FlipSign(PyLongObject *op) {
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_magic_number.h b/Include/internal/pycore_magic_number.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..4aa89f3cac8063
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_magic_number.h
@@ -0,0 +1,286 @@
+#ifndef Py_INTERNAL_MAGIC_NUMBER_H
+#define Py_INTERNAL_MAGIC_NUMBER_H
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+#ifndef Py_BUILD_CORE
+#  error "this header requires Py_BUILD_CORE define"
+#endif
+
+/*
+
+Magic number to reject .pyc files generated by other Python versions.
+It should change for each incompatible change to the bytecode.
+
+PYC_MAGIC_NUMBER must change whenever the bytecode emitted by the compiler may
+no longer be understood by older implementations of the eval loop (usually due
+to the addition of new opcodes).
+
+The value of CR and LF is incorporated so if you ever read or write
+a .pyc file in text mode the magic number will be wrong; also, the
+Apple MPW compiler swaps their values, botching string constants.
+
+There were a variety of old schemes for setting the magic number. Starting with
+Python 3.11, Python 3.n starts with magic number 2900+50n. Within each minor
+version, the magic number is incremented by 1 each time the file format changes.
+
+Known values:
+ Python 1.5:   20121
+ Python 1.5.1: 20121
+    Python 1.5.2: 20121
+    Python 1.6:   50428
+    Python 2.0:   50823
+    Python 2.0.1: 50823
+    Python 2.1:   60202
+    Python 2.1.1: 60202
+    Python 2.1.2: 60202
+    Python 2.2:   60717
+    Python 2.3a0: 62011
+    Python 2.3a0: 62021
+    Python 2.3a0: 62011 (!)
+    Python 2.4a0: 62041
+    Python 2.4a3: 62051
+    Python 2.4b1: 62061
+    Python 2.5a0: 62071
+    Python 2.5a0: 62081 (ast-branch)
+    Python 2.5a0: 62091 (with)
+    Python 2.5a0: 62092 (changed WITH_CLEANUP opcode)
+    Python 2.5b3: 62101 (fix wrong code: for x, in ...)
+    Python 2.5b3: 62111 (fix wrong code: x += yield)
+    Python 2.5c1: 62121 (fix wrong lnotab with for loops and
+                         storing constants that should have been removed)
+    Python 2.5c2: 62131 (fix wrong code: for x, in ... in listcomp/genexp)
+    Python 2.6a0: 62151 (peephole optimizations and STORE_MAP opcode)
+    Python 2.6a1: 62161 (WITH_CLEANUP optimization)
+    Python 2.7a0: 62171 (optimize list comprehensions/change LIST_APPEND)
+    Python 2.7a0: 62181 (optimize conditional branches:
+                         introduce POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE and POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE)
+    Python 2.7a0  62191 (introduce SETUP_WITH)
+    Python 2.7a0  62201 (introduce BUILD_SET)
+    Python 2.7a0  62211 (introduce MAP_ADD and SET_ADD)
+    Python 3000:   3000
+                   3010 (removed UNARY_CONVERT)
+                   3020 (added BUILD_SET)
+                   3030 (added keyword-only parameters)
+                   3040 (added signature annotations)
+                   3050 (print becomes a function)
+                   3060 (PEP 3115 metaclass syntax)
+                   3061 (string literals become unicode)
+                   3071 (PEP 3109 raise changes)
+                   3081 (PEP 3137 make __file__ and __name__ unicode)
+                   3091 (kill str8 interning)
+                   3101 (merge from 2.6a0, see 62151)
+                   3103 (__file__ points to source file)
+    Python 3.0a4: 3111 (WITH_CLEANUP optimization).
+    Python 3.0b1: 3131 (lexical exception stacking, including POP_EXCEPT
+                          #3021)
+    Python 3.1a1: 3141 (optimize list, set and dict comprehensions:
+                        change LIST_APPEND and SET_ADD, add MAP_ADD #2183)
+    Python 3.1a1: 3151 (optimize conditional branches:
+                        introduce POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE and POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE
+                          #4715)
+    Python 3.2a1: 3160 (add SETUP_WITH #6101)
+    Python 3.2a2: 3170 (add DUP_TOP_TWO, remove DUP_TOPX and ROT_FOUR #9225)
+    Python 3.2a3  3180 (add DELETE_DEREF #4617)
+    Python 3.3a1  3190 (__class__ super closure changed)
+    Python 3.3a1  3200 (PEP 3155 __qualname__ added #13448)
+    Python 3.3a1  3210 (added size modulo 2**32 to the pyc header #13645)
+    Python 3.3a2  3220 (changed PEP 380 implementation #14230)
+    Python 3.3a4  3230 (revert changes to implicit __class__ closure #14857)
+    Python 3.4a1  3250 (evaluate positional default arguments before
+                       keyword-only defaults #16967)
+    Python 3.4a1  3260 (add LOAD_CLASSDEREF; allow locals of class to override
+                       free vars #17853)
+    Python 3.4a1  3270 (various tweaks to the __class__ closure #12370)
+    Python 3.4a1  3280 (remove implicit class argument)
+    Python 3.4a4  3290 (changes to __qualname__ computation #19301)
+    Python 3.4a4  3300 (more changes to __qualname__ computation #19301)
+    Python 3.4rc2 3310 (alter __qualname__ computation #20625)
+    Python 3.5a1  3320 (PEP 465: Matrix multiplication operator #21176)
+    Python 3.5b1  3330 (PEP 448: Additional Unpacking Generalizations #2292)
+    Python 3.5b2  3340 (fix dictionary display evaluation order #11205)
+    Python 3.5b3  3350 (add GET_YIELD_FROM_ITER opcode #24400)
+    Python 3.5.2  3351 (fix BUILD_MAP_UNPACK_WITH_CALL opcode #27286)
+    Python 3.6a0  3360 (add FORMAT_VALUE opcode #25483)
+    Python 3.6a1  3361 (lineno delta of code.co_lnotab becomes signed #26107)
+    Python 3.6a2  3370 (16 bit wordcode #26647)
+    Python 3.6a2  3371 (add BUILD_CONST_KEY_MAP opcode #27140)
+    Python 3.6a2  3372 (MAKE_FUNCTION simplification, remove MAKE_CLOSURE
+                        #27095)
+    Python 3.6b1  3373 (add BUILD_STRING opcode #27078)
+    Python 3.6b1  3375 (add SETUP_ANNOTATIONS and STORE_ANNOTATION opcodes
+                        #27985)
+    Python 3.6b1  3376 (simplify CALL_FUNCTIONs & BUILD_MAP_UNPACK_WITH_CALL
+                          #27213)
+    Python 3.6b1  3377 (set __class__ cell from type.__new__ #23722)
+    Python 3.6b2  3378 (add BUILD_TUPLE_UNPACK_WITH_CALL #28257)
+    Python 3.6rc1 3379 (more thorough __class__ validation #23722)
+    Python 3.7a1  3390 (add LOAD_METHOD and CALL_METHOD opcodes #26110)
+    Python 3.7a2  3391 (update GET_AITER #31709)
+    Python 3.7a4  3392 (PEP 552: Deterministic pycs #31650)
+    Python 3.7b1  3393 (remove STORE_ANNOTATION opcode #32550)
+    Python 3.7b5  3394 (restored docstring as the first stmt in the body;
+                        this might affected the first line number #32911)
+    Python 3.8a1  3400 (move frame block handling to compiler #17611)
+    Python 3.8a1  3401 (add END_ASYNC_FOR #33041)
+    Python 3.8a1  3410 (PEP570 Python Positional-Only Parameters #36540)
+    Python 3.8b2  3411 (Reverse evaluation order of key: value in dict
+                        comprehensions #35224)
+    Python 3.8b2  3412 (Swap the position of positional args and positional
+                        only args in ast.arguments #37593)
+    Python 3.8b4  3413 (Fix "break" and "continue" in "finally" #37830)
+    Python 3.9a0  3420 (add LOAD_ASSERTION_ERROR #34880)
+    Python 3.9a0  3421 (simplified bytecode for with blocks #32949)
+    Python 3.9a0  3422 (remove BEGIN_FINALLY, END_FINALLY, CALL_FINALLY, POP_FINALLY bytecodes #33387)
+    Python 3.9a2  3423 (add IS_OP, CONTAINS_OP and JUMP_IF_NOT_EXC_MATCH bytecodes #39156)
+    Python 3.9a2  3424 (simplify bytecodes for *value unpacking)
+    Python 3.9a2  3425 (simplify bytecodes for **value unpacking)
+    Python 3.10a1 3430 (Make 'annotations' future by default)
+    Python 3.10a1 3431 (New line number table format -- PEP 626)
+    Python 3.10a2 3432 (Function annotation for MAKE_FUNCTION is changed from dict to tuple bpo-42202)
+    Python 3.10a2 3433 (RERAISE restores f_lasti if oparg != 0)
+    Python 3.10a6 3434 (PEP 634: Structural Pattern Matching)
+    Python 3.10a7 3435 Use instruction offsets (as opposed to byte offsets).
+    Python 3.10b1 3436 (Add GEN_START bytecode #43683)
+    Python 3.10b1 3437 (Undo making 'annotations' future by default - We like to dance among core devs!)
+    Python 3.10b1 3438 Safer line number table handling.
+    Python 3.10b1 3439 (Add ROT_N)
+    Python 3.11a1 3450 Use exception table for unwinding ("zero cost" exception handling)
+    Python 3.11a1 3451 (Add CALL_METHOD_KW)
+    Python 3.11a1 3452 (drop nlocals from marshaled code objects)
+    Python 3.11a1 3453 (add co_fastlocalnames and co_fastlocalkinds)
+    Python 3.11a1 3454 (compute cell offsets relative to locals bpo-43693)
+    Python 3.11a1 3455 (add MAKE_CELL bpo-43693)
+    Python 3.11a1 3456 (interleave cell args bpo-43693)
+    Python 3.11a1 3457 (Change localsplus to a bytes object bpo-43693)
+    Python 3.11a1 3458 (imported objects now don't use LOAD_METHOD/CALL_METHOD)
+    Python 3.11a1 3459 (PEP 657: add end line numbers and column offsets for instructions)
+    Python 3.11a1 3460 (Add co_qualname field to PyCodeObject bpo-44530)
+    Python 3.11a1 3461 (JUMP_ABSOLUTE must jump backwards)
+    Python 3.11a2 3462 (bpo-44511: remove COPY_DICT_WITHOUT_KEYS, change
+                        MATCH_CLASS and MATCH_KEYS, and add COPY)
+    Python 3.11a3 3463 (bpo-45711: JUMP_IF_NOT_EXC_MATCH no longer pops the
+                        active exception)
+    Python 3.11a3 3464 (bpo-45636: Merge numeric BINARY_*INPLACE_* into
+                        BINARY_OP)
+    Python 3.11a3 3465 (Add COPY_FREE_VARS opcode)
+    Python 3.11a4 3466 (bpo-45292: PEP-654 except*)
+    Python 3.11a4 3467 (Change CALL_xxx opcodes)
+    Python 3.11a4 3468 (Add SEND opcode)
+    Python 3.11a4 3469 (bpo-45711: remove type, traceback from exc_info)
+    Python 3.11a4 3470 (bpo-46221: PREP_RERAISE_STAR no longer pushes lasti)
+    Python 3.11a4 3471 (bpo-46202: remove pop POP_EXCEPT_AND_RERAISE)
+    Python 3.11a4 3472 (bpo-46009: replace GEN_START with POP_TOP)
+    Python 3.11a4 3473 (Add POP_JUMP_IF_NOT_NONE/POP_JUMP_IF_NONE opcodes)
+    Python 3.11a4 3474 (Add RESUME opcode)
+    Python 3.11a5 3475 (Add RETURN_GENERATOR opcode)
+    Python 3.11a5 3476 (Add ASYNC_GEN_WRAP opcode)
+    Python 3.11a5 3477 (Replace DUP_TOP/DUP_TOP_TWO with COPY and
+                        ROT_TWO/ROT_THREE/ROT_FOUR/ROT_N with SWAP)
+    Python 3.11a5 3478 (New CALL opcodes)
+    Python 3.11a5 3479 (Add PUSH_NULL opcode)
+    Python 3.11a5 3480 (New CALL opcodes, second iteration)
+    Python 3.11a5 3481 (Use inline cache for BINARY_OP)
+    Python 3.11a5 3482 (Use inline caching for UNPACK_SEQUENCE and LOAD_GLOBAL)
+    Python 3.11a5 3483 (Use inline caching for COMPARE_OP and BINARY_SUBSCR)
+    Python 3.11a5 3484 (Use inline caching for LOAD_ATTR, LOAD_METHOD, and
+                        STORE_ATTR)
+    Python 3.11a5 3485 (Add an oparg to GET_AWAITABLE)
+    Python 3.11a6 3486 (Use inline caching for PRECALL and CALL)
+    Python 3.11a6 3487 (Remove the adaptive "oparg counter" mechanism)
+    Python 3.11a6 3488 (LOAD_GLOBAL can push additional NULL)
+    Python 3.11a6 3489 (Add JUMP_BACKWARD, remove JUMP_ABSOLUTE)
+    Python 3.11a6 3490 (remove JUMP_IF_NOT_EXC_MATCH, add CHECK_EXC_MATCH)
+    Python 3.11a6 3491 (remove JUMP_IF_NOT_EG_MATCH, add CHECK_EG_MATCH,
+                        add JUMP_BACKWARD_NO_INTERRUPT, make JUMP_NO_INTERRUPT virtual)
+    Python 3.11a7 3492 (make POP_JUMP_IF_NONE/NOT_NONE/TRUE/FALSE relative)
+    Python 3.11a7 3493 (Make JUMP_IF_TRUE_OR_POP/JUMP_IF_FALSE_OR_POP relative)
+    Python 3.11a7 3494 (New location info table)
+    Python 3.11b4 3495 (Set line number of module's RESUME instr to 0 per PEP 626)
+    Python 3.12a1 3500 (Remove PRECALL opcode)
+    Python 3.12a1 3501 (YIELD_VALUE oparg == stack_depth)
+    Python 3.12a1 3502 (LOAD_FAST_CHECK, no NULL-check in LOAD_FAST)
+    Python 3.12a1 3503 (Shrink LOAD_METHOD cache)
+    Python 3.12a1 3504 (Merge LOAD_METHOD back into LOAD_ATTR)
+    Python 3.12a1 3505 (Specialization/Cache for FOR_ITER)
+    Python 3.12a1 3506 (Add BINARY_SLICE and STORE_SLICE instructions)
+    Python 3.12a1 3507 (Set lineno of module's RESUME to 0)
+    Python 3.12a1 3508 (Add CLEANUP_THROW)
+    Python 3.12a1 3509 (Conditional jumps only jump forward)
+    Python 3.12a2 3510 (FOR_ITER leaves iterator on the stack)
+    Python 3.12a2 3511 (Add STOPITERATION_ERROR instruction)
+    Python 3.12a2 3512 (Remove all unused consts from code objects)
+    Python 3.12a4 3513 (Add CALL_INTRINSIC_1 instruction, removed STOPITERATION_ERROR, PRINT_EXPR, IMPORT_STAR)
+    Python 3.12a4 3514 (Remove ASYNC_GEN_WRAP, LIST_TO_TUPLE, and UNARY_POSITIVE)
+    Python 3.12a5 3515 (Embed jump mask in COMPARE_OP oparg)
+    Python 3.12a5 3516 (Add COMPARE_AND_BRANCH instruction)
+    Python 3.12a5 3517 (Change YIELD_VALUE oparg to exception block depth)
+    Python 3.12a6 3518 (Add RETURN_CONST instruction)
+    Python 3.12a6 3519 (Modify SEND instruction)
+    Python 3.12a6 3520 (Remove PREP_RERAISE_STAR, add CALL_INTRINSIC_2)
+    Python 3.12a7 3521 (Shrink the LOAD_GLOBAL caches)
+    Python 3.12a7 3522 (Removed JUMP_IF_FALSE_OR_POP/JUMP_IF_TRUE_OR_POP)
+    Python 3.12a7 3523 (Convert COMPARE_AND_BRANCH back to COMPARE_OP)
+    Python 3.12a7 3524 (Shrink the BINARY_SUBSCR caches)
+    Python 3.12b1 3525 (Shrink the CALL caches)
+    Python 3.12b1 3526 (Add instrumentation support)
+    Python 3.12b1 3527 (Add LOAD_SUPER_ATTR)
+    Python 3.12b1 3528 (Add LOAD_SUPER_ATTR_METHOD specialization)
+    Python 3.12b1 3529 (Inline list/dict/set comprehensions)
+    Python 3.12b1 3530 (Shrink the LOAD_SUPER_ATTR caches)
+    Python 3.12b1 3531 (Add PEP 695 changes)
+    Python 3.13a1 3550 (Plugin optimizer support)
+    Python 3.13a1 3551 (Compact superinstructions)
+    Python 3.13a1 3552 (Remove LOAD_FAST__LOAD_CONST and LOAD_CONST__LOAD_FAST)
+    Python 3.13a1 3553 (Add SET_FUNCTION_ATTRIBUTE)
+    Python 3.13a1 3554 (more efficient bytecodes for f-strings)
+    Python 3.13a1 3555 (generate specialized opcodes metadata from bytecodes.c)
+    Python 3.13a1 3556 (Convert LOAD_CLOSURE to a pseudo-op)
+    Python 3.13a1 3557 (Make the conversion to boolean in jumps explicit)
+    Python 3.13a1 3558 (Reorder the stack items for CALL)
+    Python 3.13a1 3559 (Generate opcode IDs from bytecodes.c)
+    Python 3.13a1 3560 (Add RESUME_CHECK instruction)
+    Python 3.13a1 3561 (Add cache entry to branch instructions)
+    Python 3.13a1 3562 (Assign opcode IDs for internal ops in separate range)
+    Python 3.13a1 3563 (Add CALL_KW and remove KW_NAMES)
+    Python 3.13a1 3564 (Removed oparg from YIELD_VALUE, changed oparg values of RESUME)
+    Python 3.13a1 3565 (Oparg of YIELD_VALUE indicates whether it is in a yield-from)
+    Python 3.13a1 3566 (Emit JUMP_NO_INTERRUPT instead of JUMP for non-loop no-lineno cases)
+    Python 3.13a1 3567 (Reimplement line number propagation by the compiler)
+    Python 3.13a1 3568 (Change semantics of END_FOR)
+    Python 3.13a5 3569 (Specialize CONTAINS_OP)
+    Python 3.13a6 3570 (Add __firstlineno__ class attribute)
+    Python 3.13b1 3571 (Fix miscompilation of private names in generic classes)
+    Python 3.14a1 3600 (Add LOAD_COMMON_CONSTANT)
+    Python 3.14a1 3601 (Fix miscompilation of private names in generic classes)
+    Python 3.14a1 3602 (Add LOAD_SPECIAL. Remove BEFORE_WITH and BEFORE_ASYNC_WITH)
+    Python 3.14a1 3603 (Remove BUILD_CONST_KEY_MAP)
+    Python 3.14a1 3604 (Do not duplicate test at end of while statements)
+    Python 3.14a1 3605 (Move ENTER_EXECUTOR to opcode 255)
+    Python 3.14a1 3606 (Specialize CALL_KW)
+    Python 3.14a1 3607 (Add pseudo instructions JUMP_IF_TRUE/FALSE)
+    Python 3.14a1 3608 (Add support for slices)
+
+    Python 3.15 will start with 3650
+
+    Please don't copy-paste the same pre-release tag for new entries above!!!
+    You should always use the *upcoming* tag. For example, if 3.12a6 came out
+    a week ago, I should put "Python 3.12a7" next to my new magic number.
+
+Whenever PYC_MAGIC_NUMBER is changed, the ranges in the magic_values array in
+PC/launcher.c must also be updated.
+
+*/
+
+#define PYC_MAGIC_NUMBER 3608
+/* This is equivalent to converting PYC_MAGIC_NUMBER to 2 bytes
+   (little-endian) and then appending b'\r\n'. */
+#define PYC_MAGIC_NUMBER_TOKEN \
+    ((uint32_t)PYC_MAGIC_NUMBER | ((uint32_t)'\r' << 16) | ((uint32_t)'\n' << 24))
+
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+#endif  // !Py_INTERNAL_MAGIC_NUMBER_H
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_mimalloc.h b/Include/internal/pycore_mimalloc.h
index d10b01d5b49b19..d870d01beb702c 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_mimalloc.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_mimalloc.h
@@ -36,9 +36,18 @@ typedef enum {
 #  define MI_TSAN 1
 #endif
 
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C++" {
+#endif
+
 #include "mimalloc/mimalloc.h"
 #include "mimalloc/mimalloc/types.h"
 #include "mimalloc/mimalloc/internal.h"
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
 #endif
 
 #ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_modsupport.h b/Include/internal/pycore_modsupport.h
index 3d3cd6722528e9..11fde814875938 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_modsupport.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_modsupport.h
@@ -67,24 +67,6 @@ PyAPI_FUNC(void) _PyArg_BadArgument(
 
 // --- _PyArg_Parser API ---------------------------------------------------
 
-typedef struct _PyArg_Parser {
-    const char *format;
-    const char * const *keywords;
-    const char *fname;
-    const char *custom_msg;
-    _PyOnceFlag once;       /* atomic one-time initialization flag */
-    int is_kwtuple_owned;   /* does this parser own the kwtuple object? */
-    int pos;                /* number of positional-only arguments */
-    int min;                /* minimal number of arguments */
-    int max;                /* maximal number of positional arguments */
-    PyObject *kwtuple;      /* tuple of keyword parameter names */
-    struct _PyArg_Parser *next;
-} _PyArg_Parser;
-
-// Export for '_testclinic' shared extension
-PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywordsFast(PyObject *, PyObject *,
-                                                 struct _PyArg_Parser *, ...);
-
 // Export for '_dbm' shared extension
 PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyArg_ParseStackAndKeywords(
     PyObject *const *args,
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_moduleobject.h b/Include/internal/pycore_moduleobject.h
index 049677b292e235..9bb282a13a9659 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_moduleobject.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_moduleobject.h
@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ extern "C" {
 extern void _PyModule_Clear(PyObject *);
 extern void _PyModule_ClearDict(PyObject *);
 extern int _PyModuleSpec_IsInitializing(PyObject *);
+extern int _PyModuleSpec_GetFileOrigin(PyObject *, PyObject **);
+extern int _PyModule_IsPossiblyShadowing(PyObject *);
 
 extern int _PyModule_IsExtension(PyObject *obj);
 
@@ -46,7 +48,7 @@ static inline PyObject* _PyModule_GetDict(PyObject *mod) {
 }
 
 PyObject* _Py_module_getattro_impl(PyModuleObject *m, PyObject *name, int suppress);
-PyObject* _Py_module_getattro(PyModuleObject *m, PyObject *name);
+PyObject* _Py_module_getattro(PyObject *m, PyObject *name);
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_object.h b/Include/internal/pycore_object.h
index 6f133014ce06e2..c7af720b1ce43d 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_object.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_object.h
@@ -14,6 +14,19 @@ extern "C" {
 #include "pycore_interp.h"        // PyInterpreterState.gc
 #include "pycore_pyatomic_ft_wrappers.h"  // FT_ATOMIC_STORE_PTR_RELAXED
 #include "pycore_pystate.h"       // _PyInterpreterState_GET()
+#include "pycore_uniqueid.h"      // _PyObject_ThreadIncrefSlow()
+
+// This value is added to `ob_ref_shared` for objects that use deferred
+// reference counting so that they are not immediately deallocated when the
+// non-deferred reference count drops to zero.
+//
+// The value is half the maximum shared refcount because the low two bits of
+// `ob_ref_shared` are used for flags.
+#define _Py_REF_DEFERRED (PY_SSIZE_T_MAX / 8)
+
+/* For backwards compatibility -- Do not use this */
+#define _Py_IsImmortalLoose(op) _Py_IsImmortal
+
 
 /* Check if an object is consistent. For example, ensure that the reference
    counter is greater than or equal to 1, and ensure that ob_type is not NULL.
@@ -64,7 +77,7 @@ PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyObject_IsFreed(PyObject *);
 #else
 #define _PyObject_HEAD_INIT(type)         \
     {                                     \
-        .ob_refcnt = _Py_IMMORTAL_REFCNT, \
+        .ob_refcnt = _Py_IMMORTAL_INITIAL_REFCNT, \
         .ob_type = (type)                 \
     }
 #endif
@@ -126,8 +139,25 @@ static inline void _Py_RefcntAdd(PyObject* op, Py_ssize_t n)
 }
 #define _Py_RefcntAdd(op, n) _Py_RefcntAdd(_PyObject_CAST(op), n)
 
-extern void _Py_SetImmortal(PyObject *op);
-extern void _Py_SetImmortalUntracked(PyObject *op);
+// Checks if an object has a single, unique reference. If the caller holds a
+// unique reference, it may be able to safely modify the object in-place.
+static inline int
+_PyObject_IsUniquelyReferenced(PyObject *ob)
+{
+#if !defined(Py_GIL_DISABLED)
+    return Py_REFCNT(ob) == 1;
+#else
+    // NOTE: the entire ob_ref_shared field must be zero, including flags, to
+    // ensure that other threads cannot concurrently create new references to
+    // this object.
+    return (_Py_IsOwnedByCurrentThread(ob) &&
+            _Py_atomic_load_uint32_relaxed(&ob->ob_ref_local) == 1 &&
+            _Py_atomic_load_ssize_relaxed(&ob->ob_ref_shared) == 0);
+#endif
+}
+
+PyAPI_FUNC(void) _Py_SetImmortal(PyObject *op);
+PyAPI_FUNC(void) _Py_SetImmortalUntracked(PyObject *op);
 
 // Makes an immortal object mortal again with the specified refcnt. Should only
 // be used during runtime finalization.
@@ -159,26 +189,12 @@ static inline void _Py_ClearImmortal(PyObject *op)
         op = NULL; \
     } while (0)
 
-// Mark an object as supporting deferred reference counting. This is a no-op
-// in the default (with GIL) build. Objects that use deferred reference
-// counting should be tracked by the GC so that they are eventually collected.
-extern void _PyObject_SetDeferredRefcount(PyObject *op);
-
-static inline int
-_PyObject_HasDeferredRefcount(PyObject *op)
-{
-#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
-    return _PyObject_HAS_GC_BITS(op, _PyGC_BITS_DEFERRED);
-#else
-    return 0;
-#endif
-}
-
 #if !defined(Py_GIL_DISABLED)
 static inline void
 _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(PyObject *op, const destructor destruct)
 {
     if (_Py_IsImmortal(op)) {
+        _Py_DECREF_IMMORTAL_STAT_INC();
         return;
     }
     _Py_DECREF_STAT_INC();
@@ -192,6 +208,11 @@ _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(PyObject *op, const destructor destruct)
 #ifdef Py_TRACE_REFS
         _Py_ForgetReference(op);
 #endif
+        struct _reftracer_runtime_state *tracer = &_PyRuntime.ref_tracer;
+        if (tracer->tracer_func != NULL) {
+            void* data = tracer->tracer_data;
+            tracer->tracer_func(op, PyRefTracer_DESTROY, data);
+        }
         destruct(op);
     }
 }
@@ -200,6 +221,7 @@ static inline void
 _Py_DECREF_NO_DEALLOC(PyObject *op)
 {
     if (_Py_IsImmortal(op)) {
+        _Py_DECREF_IMMORTAL_STAT_INC();
         return;
     }
     _Py_DECREF_STAT_INC();
@@ -262,7 +284,7 @@ extern int _PyTraceMalloc_TraceRef(PyObject *op, PyRefTracerEvent event, void*);
 // Fast inlined version of PyType_HasFeature()
 static inline int
 _PyType_HasFeature(PyTypeObject *type, unsigned long feature) {
-    return ((type->tp_flags & feature) != 0);
+    return ((FT_ATOMIC_LOAD_ULONG_RELAXED(type->tp_flags) & feature) != 0);
 }
 
 extern void _PyType_InitCache(PyInterpreterState *interp);
@@ -271,6 +293,117 @@ extern PyStatus _PyObject_InitState(PyInterpreterState *interp);
 extern void _PyObject_FiniState(PyInterpreterState *interp);
 extern bool _PyRefchain_IsTraced(PyInterpreterState *interp, PyObject *obj);
 
+// Macros used for per-thread reference counting in the free threading build.
+// They resolve to normal Py_INCREF/DECREF calls in the default build.
+//
+// The macros are used for only a few references that would otherwise cause
+// scaling bottlenecks in the free threading build:
+// - The reference from an object to `ob_type`.
+// - The reference from a function to `func_code`.
+// - The reference from a function to `func_globals` and `func_builtins`.
+//
+// It's safe, but not performant or necessary, to use these macros for other
+// references to code, type, or dict objects. It's also safe to mix their
+// usage with normal Py_INCREF/DECREF calls.
+//
+// See also Include/internal/pycore_dict.h for _Py_INCREF_DICT/_Py_DECREF_DICT.
+#ifndef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+#  define _Py_INCREF_TYPE Py_INCREF
+#  define _Py_DECREF_TYPE Py_DECREF
+#  define _Py_INCREF_CODE Py_INCREF
+#  define _Py_DECREF_CODE Py_DECREF
+#else
+static inline void
+_Py_THREAD_INCREF_OBJECT(PyObject *obj, Py_ssize_t unique_id)
+{
+    _PyThreadStateImpl *tstate = (_PyThreadStateImpl *)_PyThreadState_GET();
+
+    // Unsigned comparison so that `unique_id=-1`, which indicates that
+    // per-thread refcounting has been disabled on this object, is handled by
+    // the "else".
+    if ((size_t)unique_id < (size_t)tstate->refcounts.size) {
+#  ifdef Py_REF_DEBUG
+        _Py_INCREF_IncRefTotal();
+#  endif
+        _Py_INCREF_STAT_INC();
+        tstate->refcounts.values[unique_id]++;
+    }
+    else {
+        // The slow path resizes the per-thread refcount array if necessary.
+        // It handles the unique_id=-1 case to keep the inlinable function smaller.
+        _PyObject_ThreadIncrefSlow(obj, unique_id);
+    }
+}
+
+static inline void
+_Py_INCREF_TYPE(PyTypeObject *type)
+{
+    if (!_PyType_HasFeature(type, Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE)) {
+        assert(_Py_IsImmortal(type));
+        _Py_INCREF_IMMORTAL_STAT_INC();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // gh-122974: GCC 11 warns about the access to PyHeapTypeObject fields when
+    // _Py_INCREF_TYPE() is called on a statically allocated type.  The
+    // _PyType_HasFeature check above ensures that the type is a heap type.
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ >= 11
+#  pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#  pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Warray-bounds"
+#endif
+    _Py_THREAD_INCREF_OBJECT((PyObject *)type, ((PyHeapTypeObject *)type)->unique_id);
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ >= 11
+#  pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+}
+
+static inline void
+_Py_INCREF_CODE(PyCodeObject *co)
+{
+    _Py_THREAD_INCREF_OBJECT((PyObject *)co, co->_co_unique_id);
+}
+
+static inline void
+_Py_THREAD_DECREF_OBJECT(PyObject *obj, Py_ssize_t unique_id)
+{
+    _PyThreadStateImpl *tstate = (_PyThreadStateImpl *)_PyThreadState_GET();
+
+    // Unsigned comparison so that `unique_id=-1`, which indicates that
+    // per-thread refcounting has been disabled on this object, is handled by
+    // the "else".
+    if ((size_t)unique_id < (size_t)tstate->refcounts.size) {
+#  ifdef Py_REF_DEBUG
+        _Py_DECREF_DecRefTotal();
+#  endif
+        _Py_DECREF_STAT_INC();
+        tstate->refcounts.values[unique_id]--;
+    }
+    else {
+        // Directly decref the object if the id is not assigned or if
+        // per-thread refcounting has been disabled on this object.
+        Py_DECREF(obj);
+    }
+}
+
+static inline void
+_Py_DECREF_TYPE(PyTypeObject *type)
+{
+    if (!_PyType_HasFeature(type, Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE)) {
+        assert(_Py_IsImmortal(type));
+        _Py_DECREF_IMMORTAL_STAT_INC();
+        return;
+    }
+    PyHeapTypeObject *ht = (PyHeapTypeObject *)type;
+    _Py_THREAD_DECREF_OBJECT((PyObject *)type, ht->unique_id);
+}
+
+static inline void
+_Py_DECREF_CODE(PyCodeObject *co)
+{
+    _Py_THREAD_DECREF_OBJECT((PyObject *)co, co->_co_unique_id);
+}
+#endif
+
 /* Inline functions trading binary compatibility for speed:
    _PyObject_Init() is the fast version of PyObject_Init(), and
    _PyObject_InitVar() is the fast version of PyObject_InitVar().
@@ -282,7 +415,7 @@ _PyObject_Init(PyObject *op, PyTypeObject *typeobj)
     assert(op != NULL);
     Py_SET_TYPE(op, typeobj);
     assert(_PyType_HasFeature(typeobj, Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE) || _Py_IsImmortal(typeobj));
-    Py_INCREF(typeobj);
+    _Py_INCREF_TYPE(typeobj);
     _Py_NewReference(op);
 }
 
@@ -334,7 +467,7 @@ static inline void _PyObject_GC_TRACK(
     _PyGCHead_SET_NEXT(last, gc);
     _PyGCHead_SET_PREV(gc, last);
     /* Young objects will be moved into the visited space during GC, so set the bit here */
-    gc->_gc_next = ((uintptr_t)generation0) | interp->gc.visited_space;
+    gc->_gc_next = ((uintptr_t)generation0) | (uintptr_t)interp->gc.visited_space;
     generation0->_gc_prev = (uintptr_t)gc;
 #endif
 }
@@ -403,6 +536,7 @@ _Py_TryIncrefFast(PyObject *op) {
     local += 1;
     if (local == 0) {
         // immortal
+        _Py_INCREF_IMMORTAL_STAT_INC();
         return 1;
     }
     if (_Py_IsOwnedByCurrentThread(op)) {
@@ -619,26 +753,40 @@ _PyObject_GET_WEAKREFS_LISTPTR_FROM_OFFSET(PyObject *op)
     return (PyWeakReference **)((char *)op + offset);
 }
 
+// Fast inlined version of PyType_IS_GC()
+#define _PyType_IS_GC(t) _PyType_HasFeature((t), Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC)
+
 // Fast inlined version of PyObject_IS_GC()
 static inline int
 _PyObject_IS_GC(PyObject *obj)
 {
     PyTypeObject *type = Py_TYPE(obj);
-    return (PyType_IS_GC(type)
+    return (_PyType_IS_GC(type)
             && (type->tp_is_gc == NULL || type->tp_is_gc(obj)));
 }
 
-// Fast inlined version of PyType_IS_GC()
-#define _PyType_IS_GC(t) _PyType_HasFeature((t), Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC)
+// Fast inlined version of PyObject_Hash()
+static inline Py_hash_t
+_PyObject_HashFast(PyObject *op)
+{
+    if (PyUnicode_CheckExact(op)) {
+        Py_hash_t hash = FT_ATOMIC_LOAD_SSIZE_RELAXED(
+                             _PyASCIIObject_CAST(op)->hash);
+        if (hash != -1) {
+            return hash;
+        }
+    }
+    return PyObject_Hash(op);
+}
 
 static inline size_t
 _PyType_PreHeaderSize(PyTypeObject *tp)
 {
     return (
 #ifndef Py_GIL_DISABLED
-        _PyType_IS_GC(tp) * sizeof(PyGC_Head) +
+        (size_t)_PyType_IS_GC(tp) * sizeof(PyGC_Head) +
 #endif
-        _PyType_HasFeature(tp, Py_TPFLAGS_PREHEADER) * 2 * sizeof(PyObject *)
+        (size_t)_PyType_HasFeature(tp, Py_TPFLAGS_PREHEADER) * 2 * sizeof(PyObject *)
     );
 }
 
@@ -656,7 +804,7 @@ static inline int _PyType_SUPPORTS_WEAKREFS(PyTypeObject *type) {
 }
 
 extern PyObject* _PyType_AllocNoTrack(PyTypeObject *type, Py_ssize_t nitems);
-extern PyObject *_PyType_NewManagedObject(PyTypeObject *type);
+PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _PyType_NewManagedObject(PyTypeObject *type);
 
 extern PyTypeObject* _PyType_CalculateMetaclass(PyTypeObject *, PyObject *);
 extern PyObject* _PyType_GetDocFromInternalDoc(const char *, const char *);
@@ -698,10 +846,11 @@ _PyObject_GetManagedDict(PyObject *obj)
 static inline PyDictValues *
 _PyObject_InlineValues(PyObject *obj)
 {
+    PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(obj);
+    assert(tp->tp_basicsize > 0 && (size_t)tp->tp_basicsize % sizeof(PyObject *) == 0);
     assert(Py_TYPE(obj)->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_INLINE_VALUES);
     assert(Py_TYPE(obj)->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT);
-    assert(Py_TYPE(obj)->tp_basicsize == sizeof(PyObject));
-    return (PyDictValues *)((char *)obj + sizeof(PyObject));
+    return (PyDictValues *)((char *)obj + tp->tp_basicsize);
 }
 
 extern PyObject ** _PyObject_ComputedDictPointer(PyObject *);
@@ -709,6 +858,7 @@ extern int _PyObject_IsInstanceDictEmpty(PyObject *);
 
 // Export for 'math' shared extension
 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject*) _PyObject_LookupSpecial(PyObject *, PyObject *);
+PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject*) _PyObject_LookupSpecialMethod(PyObject *self, PyObject *attr, PyObject **self_or_null);
 
 extern int _PyObject_IsAbstract(PyObject *);
 
@@ -733,13 +883,7 @@ PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject*) _PyObject_GetState(PyObject *);
  * Third party code unintentionally rely on problematic fpcasts. The call
  * trampoline mitigates common occurrences of bad fpcasts on Emscripten.
  */
-#if defined(__EMSCRIPTEN__) && defined(PY_CALL_TRAMPOLINE)
-#define _PyCFunction_TrampolineCall(meth, self, args) \
-    _PyCFunctionWithKeywords_TrampolineCall( \
-        (*(PyCFunctionWithKeywords)(void(*)(void))(meth)), (self), (args), NULL)
-extern PyObject* _PyCFunctionWithKeywords_TrampolineCall(
-    PyCFunctionWithKeywords meth, PyObject *, PyObject *, PyObject *);
-#else
+#if !(defined(__EMSCRIPTEN__) && defined(PY_CALL_TRAMPOLINE))
 #define _PyCFunction_TrampolineCall(meth, self, args) \
     (meth)((self), (args))
 #define _PyCFunctionWithKeywords_TrampolineCall(meth, self, args, kw) \
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_object_deferred.h b/Include/internal/pycore_object_deferred.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..c070d768b7d771
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_object_deferred.h
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#ifndef Py_INTERNAL_OBJECT_DEFERRED_H
+#define Py_INTERNAL_OBJECT_DEFERRED_H
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+#include "pycore_gc.h"
+
+#ifndef Py_BUILD_CORE
+#  error "this header requires Py_BUILD_CORE define"
+#endif
+
+// Mark an object as supporting deferred reference counting. This is a no-op
+// in the default (with GIL) build. Objects that use deferred reference
+// counting should be tracked by the GC so that they are eventually collected.
+extern void _PyObject_SetDeferredRefcount(PyObject *op);
+
+static inline int
+_PyObject_HasDeferredRefcount(PyObject *op)
+{
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    return _PyObject_HAS_GC_BITS(op, _PyGC_BITS_DEFERRED);
+#else
+    return 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+#endif  // !Py_INTERNAL_OBJECT_DEFERRED_H
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_object_stack.h b/Include/internal/pycore_object_stack.h
index fc130b1e9920b4..39e69b7cde52a1 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_object_stack.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_object_stack.h
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 #ifndef Py_INTERNAL_OBJECT_STACK_H
 #define Py_INTERNAL_OBJECT_STACK_H
 
-#include "pycore_freelist.h"        // _PyFreeListState
-
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 extern "C" {
 #endif
@@ -73,6 +71,16 @@ _PyObjectStack_Pop(_PyObjectStack *stack)
     return obj;
 }
 
+static inline Py_ssize_t
+_PyObjectStack_Size(_PyObjectStack *stack)
+{
+    Py_ssize_t size = 0;
+    for (_PyObjectStackChunk *buf = stack->head; buf != NULL; buf = buf->prev) {
+        size += buf->n;
+    }
+    return size;
+}
+
 // Merge src into dst, leaving src empty
 extern void
 _PyObjectStack_Merge(_PyObjectStack *dst, _PyObjectStack *src);
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_object_state.h b/Include/internal/pycore_object_state.h
index cd7c9335b3e611..8a47a6d9e6eb0d 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_object_state.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_object_state.h
@@ -8,8 +8,16 @@ extern "C" {
 #  error "this header requires Py_BUILD_CORE define"
 #endif
 
-#include "pycore_freelist.h"      // _PyObject_freelists
-#include "pycore_hashtable.h"     // _Py_hashtable_t
+#include "pycore_freelist_state.h"  // _Py_freelists
+#include "pycore_hashtable.h"       // _Py_hashtable_t
+
+
+/* Reference tracer state */
+struct _reftracer_runtime_state {
+    PyRefTracer tracer_func;
+    void* tracer_data;
+};
+
 
 struct _py_object_runtime_state {
 #ifdef Py_REF_DEBUG
@@ -20,7 +28,7 @@ struct _py_object_runtime_state {
 
 struct _py_object_state {
 #if !defined(Py_GIL_DISABLED)
-    struct _Py_object_freelists freelists;
+    struct _Py_freelists freelists;
 #endif
 #ifdef Py_REF_DEBUG
     Py_ssize_t reftotal;
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_obmalloc.h b/Include/internal/pycore_obmalloc.h
index 9140d8f08f0af1..a7ba8f340737aa 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_obmalloc.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_obmalloc.h
@@ -255,8 +255,8 @@ struct pool_header {
     union { pymem_block *_padding;
             uint count; } ref;          /* number of allocated blocks    */
     pymem_block *freeblock;             /* pool's free list head         */
-    struct pool_header *nextpool;       /* next pool of this size class  */
-    struct pool_header *prevpool;       /* previous pool       ""        */
+    struct pool_header *nextpool;       /* see "Pool table" for meaning  */
+    struct pool_header *prevpool;       /* "                             */
     uint arenaindex;                    /* index into arenas of base adr */
     uint szidx;                         /* block size class index        */
     uint nextoffset;                    /* bytes to virgin block         */
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_opcode_metadata.h b/Include/internal/pycore_opcode_metadata.h
index 0b835230974e39..93c9e718bb0cf6 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_opcode_metadata.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_opcode_metadata.h
@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@ extern "C" {
     ((OP) == STORE_FAST_MAYBE_NULL) || \
     ((OP) == JUMP) || \
     ((OP) == JUMP_NO_INTERRUPT) || \
+    ((OP) == JUMP_IF_FALSE) || \
+    ((OP) == JUMP_IF_TRUE) || \
     ((OP) == SETUP_FINALLY) || \
     ((OP) == SETUP_CLEANUP) || \
     ((OP) == SETUP_WITH) || \
@@ -33,10 +35,6 @@ extern int _PyOpcode_num_popped(int opcode, int oparg);
 #ifdef NEED_OPCODE_METADATA
 int _PyOpcode_num_popped(int opcode, int oparg)  {
     switch(opcode) {
-        case BEFORE_ASYNC_WITH:
-            return 1;
-        case BEFORE_WITH:
-            return 1;
         case BINARY_OP:
             return 2;
         case BINARY_OP_ADD_FLOAT:
@@ -69,8 +67,6 @@ int _PyOpcode_num_popped(int opcode, int oparg)  {
             return 2;
         case BINARY_SUBSCR_TUPLE_INT:
             return 2;
-        case BUILD_CONST_KEY_MAP:
-            return 1 + oparg;
         case BUILD_LIST:
             return oparg;
         case BUILD_MAP:
@@ -111,6 +107,12 @@ int _PyOpcode_num_popped(int opcode, int oparg)  {
             return 2 + oparg;
         case CALL_KW:
             return 3 + oparg;
+        case CALL_KW_BOUND_METHOD:
+            return 3 + oparg;
+        case CALL_KW_NON_PY:
+            return 3 + oparg;
+        case CALL_KW_PY:
+            return 3 + oparg;
         case CALL_LEN:
             return 2 + oparg;
         case CALL_LIST_APPEND:
@@ -220,7 +222,7 @@ int _PyOpcode_num_popped(int opcode, int oparg)  {
         case IMPORT_NAME:
             return 2;
         case INSTRUMENTED_CALL:
-            return 0;
+            return 2 + oparg;
         case INSTRUMENTED_CALL_FUNCTION_EX:
             return 0;
         case INSTRUMENTED_CALL_KW:
@@ -237,8 +239,10 @@ int _PyOpcode_num_popped(int opcode, int oparg)  {
             return 0;
         case INSTRUMENTED_JUMP_FORWARD:
             return 0;
+        case INSTRUMENTED_LINE:
+            return 0;
         case INSTRUMENTED_LOAD_SUPER_ATTR:
-            return 3;
+            return 0;
         case INSTRUMENTED_POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE:
             return 0;
         case INSTRUMENTED_POP_JUMP_IF_NONE:
@@ -267,6 +271,10 @@ int _PyOpcode_num_popped(int opcode, int oparg)  {
             return 0;
         case JUMP_FORWARD:
             return 0;
+        case JUMP_IF_FALSE:
+            return 1;
+        case JUMP_IF_TRUE:
+            return 1;
         case JUMP_NO_INTERRUPT:
             return 0;
         case LIST_APPEND:
@@ -277,6 +285,8 @@ int _PyOpcode_num_popped(int opcode, int oparg)  {
             return 1;
         case LOAD_ATTR_CLASS:
             return 1;
+        case LOAD_ATTR_CLASS_WITH_METACLASS_CHECK:
+            return 1;
         case LOAD_ATTR_GETATTRIBUTE_OVERRIDDEN:
             return 1;
         case LOAD_ATTR_INSTANCE_VALUE:
@@ -331,6 +341,8 @@ int _PyOpcode_num_popped(int opcode, int oparg)  {
             return 0;
         case LOAD_NAME:
             return 0;
+        case LOAD_SPECIAL:
+            return 1;
         case LOAD_SUPER_ATTR:
             return 3;
         case LOAD_SUPER_ATTR_ATTR:
@@ -468,7 +480,7 @@ int _PyOpcode_num_popped(int opcode, int oparg)  {
         case UNPACK_SEQUENCE_TWO_TUPLE:
             return 1;
         case WITH_EXCEPT_START:
-            return 4;
+            return 5;
         case YIELD_VALUE:
             return 1;
         default:
@@ -482,10 +494,6 @@ extern int _PyOpcode_num_pushed(int opcode, int oparg);
 #ifdef NEED_OPCODE_METADATA
 int _PyOpcode_num_pushed(int opcode, int oparg)  {
     switch(opcode) {
-        case BEFORE_ASYNC_WITH:
-            return 2;
-        case BEFORE_WITH:
-            return 2;
         case BINARY_OP:
             return 1;
         case BINARY_OP_ADD_FLOAT:
@@ -511,15 +519,13 @@ int _PyOpcode_num_pushed(int opcode, int oparg)  {
         case BINARY_SUBSCR_DICT:
             return 1;
         case BINARY_SUBSCR_GETITEM:
-            return 1;
+            return 0;
         case BINARY_SUBSCR_LIST_INT:
             return 1;
         case BINARY_SUBSCR_STR_INT:
             return 1;
         case BINARY_SUBSCR_TUPLE_INT:
             return 1;
-        case BUILD_CONST_KEY_MAP:
-            return 1;
         case BUILD_LIST:
             return 1;
         case BUILD_MAP:
@@ -537,7 +543,7 @@ int _PyOpcode_num_pushed(int opcode, int oparg)  {
         case CALL:
             return 1;
         case CALL_ALLOC_AND_ENTER_INIT:
-            return 1;
+            return 0;
         case CALL_BOUND_METHOD_EXACT_ARGS:
             return 0;
         case CALL_BOUND_METHOD_GENERAL:
@@ -560,10 +566,16 @@ int _PyOpcode_num_pushed(int opcode, int oparg)  {
             return 1;
         case CALL_KW:
             return 1;
+        case CALL_KW_BOUND_METHOD:
+            return 0;
+        case CALL_KW_NON_PY:
+            return 1;
+        case CALL_KW_PY:
+            return 0;
         case CALL_LEN:
             return 1;
         case CALL_LIST_APPEND:
-            return 1;
+            return 0;
         case CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_FAST:
             return 1;
         case CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_FAST_WITH_KEYWORDS:
@@ -669,7 +681,7 @@ int _PyOpcode_num_pushed(int opcode, int oparg)  {
         case IMPORT_NAME:
             return 1;
         case INSTRUMENTED_CALL:
-            return 0;
+            return 1;
         case INSTRUMENTED_CALL_FUNCTION_EX:
             return 0;
         case INSTRUMENTED_CALL_KW:
@@ -686,8 +698,10 @@ int _PyOpcode_num_pushed(int opcode, int oparg)  {
             return 0;
         case INSTRUMENTED_JUMP_FORWARD:
             return 0;
+        case INSTRUMENTED_LINE:
+            return 0;
         case INSTRUMENTED_LOAD_SUPER_ATTR:
-            return 1 + (oparg & 1);
+            return 0;
         case INSTRUMENTED_POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE:
             return 0;
         case INSTRUMENTED_POP_JUMP_IF_NONE:
@@ -699,9 +713,9 @@ int _PyOpcode_num_pushed(int opcode, int oparg)  {
         case INSTRUMENTED_RESUME:
             return 0;
         case INSTRUMENTED_RETURN_CONST:
-            return 0;
+            return 1;
         case INSTRUMENTED_RETURN_VALUE:
-            return 0;
+            return 1;
         case INSTRUMENTED_YIELD_VALUE:
             return 1;
         case INTERPRETER_EXIT:
@@ -716,6 +730,10 @@ int _PyOpcode_num_pushed(int opcode, int oparg)  {
             return 0;
         case JUMP_FORWARD:
             return 0;
+        case JUMP_IF_FALSE:
+            return 1;
+        case JUMP_IF_TRUE:
+            return 1;
         case JUMP_NO_INTERRUPT:
             return 0;
         case LIST_APPEND:
@@ -726,6 +744,8 @@ int _PyOpcode_num_pushed(int opcode, int oparg)  {
             return 1 + (oparg & 1);
         case LOAD_ATTR_CLASS:
             return 1 + (oparg & 1);
+        case LOAD_ATTR_CLASS_WITH_METACLASS_CHECK:
+            return 1 + (oparg & 1);
         case LOAD_ATTR_GETATTRIBUTE_OVERRIDDEN:
             return 1;
         case LOAD_ATTR_INSTANCE_VALUE:
@@ -743,7 +763,7 @@ int _PyOpcode_num_pushed(int opcode, int oparg)  {
         case LOAD_ATTR_NONDESCRIPTOR_WITH_VALUES:
             return 1;
         case LOAD_ATTR_PROPERTY:
-            return 1;
+            return 0;
         case LOAD_ATTR_SLOT:
             return 1 + (oparg & 1);
         case LOAD_ATTR_WITH_HINT:
@@ -780,6 +800,8 @@ int _PyOpcode_num_pushed(int opcode, int oparg)  {
             return 1;
         case LOAD_NAME:
             return 1;
+        case LOAD_SPECIAL:
+            return 2;
         case LOAD_SUPER_ATTR:
             return 1 + (oparg & 1);
         case LOAD_SUPER_ATTR_ATTR:
@@ -831,15 +853,15 @@ int _PyOpcode_num_pushed(int opcode, int oparg)  {
         case RESUME_CHECK:
             return 0;
         case RETURN_CONST:
-            return 0;
+            return 1;
         case RETURN_GENERATOR:
             return 1;
         case RETURN_VALUE:
-            return 0;
+            return 1;
         case SEND:
             return 2;
         case SEND_GEN:
-            return 2;
+            return 1;
         case SETUP_ANNOTATIONS:
             return 0;
         case SETUP_CLEANUP:
@@ -907,7 +929,7 @@ int _PyOpcode_num_pushed(int opcode, int oparg)  {
         case UNARY_NOT:
             return 1;
         case UNPACK_EX:
-            return 1 + (oparg >> 8) + (oparg & 0xFF);
+            return 1 + (oparg & 0xFF) + (oparg >> 8);
         case UNPACK_SEQUENCE:
             return oparg;
         case UNPACK_SEQUENCE_LIST:
@@ -917,7 +939,7 @@ int _PyOpcode_num_pushed(int opcode, int oparg)  {
         case UNPACK_SEQUENCE_TWO_TUPLE:
             return 2;
         case WITH_EXCEPT_START:
-            return 5;
+            return 6;
         case YIELD_VALUE:
             return 1;
         default:
@@ -940,7 +962,7 @@ enum InstructionFormat {
 };
 
 #define IS_VALID_OPCODE(OP) \
-    (((OP) >= 0) && ((OP) < 264) && \
+    (((OP) >= 0) && ((OP) < 266) && \
      (_PyOpcode_opcode_metadata[(OP)].valid_entry))
 
 #define HAS_ARG_FLAG (1)
@@ -989,31 +1011,28 @@ struct opcode_metadata {
     int16_t flags;
 };
 
-extern const struct opcode_metadata _PyOpcode_opcode_metadata[264];
+extern const struct opcode_metadata _PyOpcode_opcode_metadata[266];
 #ifdef NEED_OPCODE_METADATA
-const struct opcode_metadata _PyOpcode_opcode_metadata[264] = {
-    [BEFORE_ASYNC_WITH] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IX, HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_NO_POP_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
-    [BEFORE_WITH] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IX, HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_NO_POP_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
+const struct opcode_metadata _PyOpcode_opcode_metadata[266] = {
     [BINARY_OP] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
-    [BINARY_OP_ADD_FLOAT] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IXC, HAS_EXIT_FLAG },
+    [BINARY_OP_ADD_FLOAT] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IXC, HAS_EXIT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG },
     [BINARY_OP_ADD_INT] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IXC, HAS_EXIT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG },
     [BINARY_OP_ADD_UNICODE] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IXC, HAS_EXIT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG },
-    [BINARY_OP_INPLACE_ADD_UNICODE] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IXC, HAS_LOCAL_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_EXIT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
-    [BINARY_OP_MULTIPLY_FLOAT] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IXC, HAS_EXIT_FLAG },
+    [BINARY_OP_INPLACE_ADD_UNICODE] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IXC, HAS_LOCAL_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_EXIT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG },
+    [BINARY_OP_MULTIPLY_FLOAT] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IXC, HAS_EXIT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG },
     [BINARY_OP_MULTIPLY_INT] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IXC, HAS_EXIT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG },
-    [BINARY_OP_SUBTRACT_FLOAT] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IXC, HAS_EXIT_FLAG },
+    [BINARY_OP_SUBTRACT_FLOAT] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IXC, HAS_EXIT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG },
     [BINARY_OP_SUBTRACT_INT] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IXC, HAS_EXIT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG },
     [BINARY_SLICE] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IX, HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [BINARY_SUBSCR] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IXC, HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [BINARY_SUBSCR_DICT] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IXC, HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
-    [BINARY_SUBSCR_GETITEM] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IXC, HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
+    [BINARY_SUBSCR_GETITEM] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IXC, HAS_DEOPT_FLAG },
     [BINARY_SUBSCR_LIST_INT] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IXC, HAS_DEOPT_FLAG },
     [BINARY_SUBSCR_STR_INT] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IXC, HAS_DEOPT_FLAG },
     [BINARY_SUBSCR_TUPLE_INT] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IXC, HAS_DEOPT_FLAG },
-    [BUILD_CONST_KEY_MAP] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IB, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [BUILD_LIST] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IB, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG },
     [BUILD_MAP] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IB, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
-    [BUILD_SET] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IB, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_NO_POP_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
+    [BUILD_SET] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IB, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [BUILD_SLICE] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IB, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG },
     [BUILD_STRING] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IB, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG },
     [BUILD_TUPLE] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IB, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG },
@@ -1025,18 +1044,21 @@ const struct opcode_metadata _PyOpcode_opcode_metadata[264] = {
     [CALL_BUILTIN_CLASS] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC00, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_EVAL_BREAK_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [CALL_BUILTIN_FAST] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC00, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_EVAL_BREAK_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [CALL_BUILTIN_FAST_WITH_KEYWORDS] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC00, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_EVAL_BREAK_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
-    [CALL_BUILTIN_O] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC00, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_EVAL_BREAK_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
+    [CALL_BUILTIN_O] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC00, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_EVAL_BREAK_FLAG | HAS_EXIT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [CALL_FUNCTION_EX] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IB, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_EVAL_BREAK_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_NO_POP_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [CALL_INTRINSIC_1] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IB, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [CALL_INTRINSIC_2] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IB, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [CALL_ISINSTANCE] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC00, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_NO_POP_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
-    [CALL_KW] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IB, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_EVAL_BREAK_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_NO_POP_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
+    [CALL_KW] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC00, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_NO_POP_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
+    [CALL_KW_BOUND_METHOD] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC00, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_EXIT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_NO_POP_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
+    [CALL_KW_NON_PY] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC00, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_EVAL_BREAK_FLAG | HAS_EXIT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
+    [CALL_KW_PY] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC00, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_EXIT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_NO_POP_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [CALL_LEN] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC00, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_NO_POP_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
-    [CALL_LIST_APPEND] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC00, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_NO_POP_FLAG },
-    [CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_FAST] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC00, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_EVAL_BREAK_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
-    [CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_FAST_WITH_KEYWORDS] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC00, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_EVAL_BREAK_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
-    [CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_NOARGS] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC00, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_EVAL_BREAK_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
-    [CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_O] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC00, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_EVAL_BREAK_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
+    [CALL_LIST_APPEND] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC00, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG },
+    [CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_FAST] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC00, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_EVAL_BREAK_FLAG | HAS_EXIT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
+    [CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_FAST_WITH_KEYWORDS] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC00, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_EVAL_BREAK_FLAG | HAS_EXIT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
+    [CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_NOARGS] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC00, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_EVAL_BREAK_FLAG | HAS_EXIT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
+    [CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_O] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC00, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_EVAL_BREAK_FLAG | HAS_EXIT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [CALL_NON_PY_GENERAL] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC00, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_EVAL_BREAK_FLAG | HAS_EXIT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [CALL_PY_EXACT_ARGS] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC00, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_EXIT_FLAG },
     [CALL_PY_GENERAL] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC00, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_EXIT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_NO_POP_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
@@ -1053,7 +1075,7 @@ const struct opcode_metadata _PyOpcode_opcode_metadata[264] = {
     [CONTAINS_OP] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [CONTAINS_OP_DICT] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [CONTAINS_OP_SET] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
-    [CONVERT_VALUE] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IB, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG },
+    [CONVERT_VALUE] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IB, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [COPY] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IB, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_PURE_FLAG },
     [COPY_FREE_VARS] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IB, HAS_ARG_FLAG },
     [DELETE_ATTR] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IB, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_NAME_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
@@ -1085,25 +1107,26 @@ const struct opcode_metadata _PyOpcode_opcode_metadata[264] = {
     [GET_YIELD_FROM_ITER] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IX, HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_NO_POP_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [IMPORT_FROM] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IB, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_NAME_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [IMPORT_NAME] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IB, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_NAME_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
-    [INSTRUMENTED_CALL] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC00, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
+    [INSTRUMENTED_CALL] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC00, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_EVAL_BREAK_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_NO_POP_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [INSTRUMENTED_CALL_FUNCTION_EX] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IX, 0 },
-    [INSTRUMENTED_CALL_KW] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IB, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
-    [INSTRUMENTED_END_FOR] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IX, HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_NO_POP_FLAG },
-    [INSTRUMENTED_END_SEND] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IX, HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_NO_POP_FLAG },
+    [INSTRUMENTED_CALL_KW] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC00, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
+    [INSTRUMENTED_END_FOR] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IX, HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_NO_POP_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
+    [INSTRUMENTED_END_SEND] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IX, HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_NO_POP_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [INSTRUMENTED_FOR_ITER] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_NO_POP_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [INSTRUMENTED_INSTRUCTION] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IX, HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
-    [INSTRUMENTED_JUMP_BACKWARD] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_EVAL_BREAK_FLAG },
+    [INSTRUMENTED_JUMP_BACKWARD] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_EVAL_BREAK_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [INSTRUMENTED_JUMP_FORWARD] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IB, HAS_ARG_FLAG },
-    [INSTRUMENTED_LOAD_SUPER_ATTR] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC, HAS_ARG_FLAG },
+    [INSTRUMENTED_LINE] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IX, HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
+    [INSTRUMENTED_LOAD_SUPER_ATTR] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IXC, 0 },
     [INSTRUMENTED_POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC, HAS_ARG_FLAG },
     [INSTRUMENTED_POP_JUMP_IF_NONE] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC, HAS_ARG_FLAG },
     [INSTRUMENTED_POP_JUMP_IF_NOT_NONE] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC, HAS_ARG_FLAG },
     [INSTRUMENTED_POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC, HAS_ARG_FLAG },
     [INSTRUMENTED_RESUME] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IB, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_EVAL_BREAK_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_NO_POP_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
-    [INSTRUMENTED_RETURN_CONST] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IB, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_CONST_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_NO_POP_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
-    [INSTRUMENTED_RETURN_VALUE] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IX, HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_NO_POP_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
+    [INSTRUMENTED_RETURN_CONST] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IB, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_CONST_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
+    [INSTRUMENTED_RETURN_VALUE] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IX, HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [INSTRUMENTED_YIELD_VALUE] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IB, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_NO_POP_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
-    [INTERPRETER_EXIT] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IX, HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
+    [INTERPRETER_EXIT] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IX, 0 },
     [IS_OP] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IB, HAS_ARG_FLAG },
     [JUMP_BACKWARD] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_JUMP_FLAG | HAS_EVAL_BREAK_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [JUMP_BACKWARD_NO_INTERRUPT] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IB, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_JUMP_FLAG },
@@ -1111,8 +1134,9 @@ const struct opcode_metadata _PyOpcode_opcode_metadata[264] = {
     [LIST_APPEND] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IB, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG },
     [LIST_EXTEND] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IB, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [LOAD_ATTR] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC00000000, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_NAME_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
-    [LOAD_ATTR_CLASS] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC00000000, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG },
-    [LOAD_ATTR_GETATTRIBUTE_OVERRIDDEN] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC00000000, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_NAME_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
+    [LOAD_ATTR_CLASS] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC00000000, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_EXIT_FLAG },
+    [LOAD_ATTR_CLASS_WITH_METACLASS_CHECK] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC00000000, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_EXIT_FLAG },
+    [LOAD_ATTR_GETATTRIBUTE_OVERRIDDEN] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC00000000, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_NAME_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG },
     [LOAD_ATTR_INSTANCE_VALUE] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC00000000, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_EXIT_FLAG },
     [LOAD_ATTR_METHOD_LAZY_DICT] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC00000000, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_EXIT_FLAG },
     [LOAD_ATTR_METHOD_NO_DICT] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC00000000, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_EXIT_FLAG },
@@ -1120,7 +1144,7 @@ const struct opcode_metadata _PyOpcode_opcode_metadata[264] = {
     [LOAD_ATTR_MODULE] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC00000000, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG },
     [LOAD_ATTR_NONDESCRIPTOR_NO_DICT] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC00000000, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_EXIT_FLAG },
     [LOAD_ATTR_NONDESCRIPTOR_WITH_VALUES] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC00000000, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_EXIT_FLAG },
-    [LOAD_ATTR_PROPERTY] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC00000000, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
+    [LOAD_ATTR_PROPERTY] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC00000000, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_EXIT_FLAG },
     [LOAD_ATTR_SLOT] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC00000000, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_EXIT_FLAG },
     [LOAD_ATTR_WITH_HINT] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC00000000, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_NAME_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_EXIT_FLAG },
     [LOAD_BUILD_CLASS] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IX, HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
@@ -1137,12 +1161,13 @@ const struct opcode_metadata _PyOpcode_opcode_metadata[264] = {
     [LOAD_GLOBAL_BUILTIN] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC000, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG },
     [LOAD_GLOBAL_MODULE] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC000, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG },
     [LOAD_LOCALS] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IX, HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
-    [LOAD_NAME] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IB, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_NAME_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_NO_POP_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
+    [LOAD_NAME] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IB, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_NAME_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
+    [LOAD_SPECIAL] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IB, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [LOAD_SUPER_ATTR] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_NAME_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [LOAD_SUPER_ATTR_ATTR] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_NAME_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [LOAD_SUPER_ATTR_METHOD] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_NAME_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [MAKE_CELL] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IB, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_FREE_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_NO_POP_FLAG },
-    [MAKE_FUNCTION] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IX, HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_NO_POP_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
+    [MAKE_FUNCTION] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IX, HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [MAP_ADD] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IB, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [MATCH_CLASS] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IB, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [MATCH_KEYS] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IX, HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
@@ -1160,19 +1185,19 @@ const struct opcode_metadata _PyOpcode_opcode_metadata[264] = {
     [RAISE_VARARGS] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IB, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_NO_POP_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [RERAISE] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IB, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_NO_POP_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [RESERVED] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IX, 0 },
-    [RESUME] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IB, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_EVAL_BREAK_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
+    [RESUME] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IB, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_EVAL_BREAK_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_NO_POP_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [RESUME_CHECK] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IX, HAS_DEOPT_FLAG },
     [RETURN_CONST] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IB, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_CONST_FLAG },
-    [RETURN_GENERATOR] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IX, HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_NO_POP_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
+    [RETURN_GENERATOR] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IX, HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [RETURN_VALUE] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IX, 0 },
-    [SEND] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_JUMP_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_NO_POP_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
+    [SEND] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_JUMP_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [SEND_GEN] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG },
     [SETUP_ANNOTATIONS] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IX, HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [SET_ADD] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IB, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
-    [SET_FUNCTION_ATTRIBUTE] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IB, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
+    [SET_FUNCTION_ATTRIBUTE] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IB, HAS_ARG_FLAG },
     [SET_UPDATE] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IB, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [STORE_ATTR] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC000, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_NAME_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
-    [STORE_ATTR_INSTANCE_VALUE] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IXC000, HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_EXIT_FLAG },
+    [STORE_ATTR_INSTANCE_VALUE] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IXC000, HAS_EXIT_FLAG },
     [STORE_ATTR_SLOT] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IXC000, HAS_EXIT_FLAG },
     [STORE_ATTR_WITH_HINT] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC000, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_NAME_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_EXIT_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [STORE_DEREF] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IB, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_FREE_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
@@ -1202,8 +1227,10 @@ const struct opcode_metadata _PyOpcode_opcode_metadata[264] = {
     [UNPACK_SEQUENCE_TUPLE] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG },
     [UNPACK_SEQUENCE_TWO_TUPLE] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG },
     [WITH_EXCEPT_START] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IX, HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
-    [YIELD_VALUE] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IB, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
+    [YIELD_VALUE] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IB, HAS_ARG_FLAG },
     [JUMP] = { true, -1, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_JUMP_FLAG | HAS_EVAL_BREAK_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
+    [JUMP_IF_FALSE] = { true, -1, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_JUMP_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
+    [JUMP_IF_TRUE] = { true, -1, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_JUMP_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [JUMP_NO_INTERRUPT] = { true, -1, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_JUMP_FLAG },
     [LOAD_CLOSURE] = { true, -1, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_LOCAL_FLAG | HAS_PURE_FLAG },
     [POP_BLOCK] = { true, -1, HAS_PURE_FLAG },
@@ -1228,6 +1255,7 @@ _PyOpcode_macro_expansion[256] = {
     [BINARY_OP_ADD_FLOAT] = { .nuops = 2, .uops = { { _GUARD_BOTH_FLOAT, 0, 0 }, { _BINARY_OP_ADD_FLOAT, 0, 0 } } },
     [BINARY_OP_ADD_INT] = { .nuops = 2, .uops = { { _GUARD_BOTH_INT, 0, 0 }, { _BINARY_OP_ADD_INT, 0, 0 } } },
     [BINARY_OP_ADD_UNICODE] = { .nuops = 2, .uops = { { _GUARD_BOTH_UNICODE, 0, 0 }, { _BINARY_OP_ADD_UNICODE, 0, 0 } } },
+    [BINARY_OP_INPLACE_ADD_UNICODE] = { .nuops = 2, .uops = { { _GUARD_BOTH_UNICODE, 0, 0 }, { _BINARY_OP_INPLACE_ADD_UNICODE, 0, 0 } } },
     [BINARY_OP_MULTIPLY_FLOAT] = { .nuops = 2, .uops = { { _GUARD_BOTH_FLOAT, 0, 0 }, { _BINARY_OP_MULTIPLY_FLOAT, 0, 0 } } },
     [BINARY_OP_MULTIPLY_INT] = { .nuops = 2, .uops = { { _GUARD_BOTH_INT, 0, 0 }, { _BINARY_OP_MULTIPLY_INT, 0, 0 } } },
     [BINARY_OP_SUBTRACT_FLOAT] = { .nuops = 2, .uops = { { _GUARD_BOTH_FLOAT, 0, 0 }, { _BINARY_OP_SUBTRACT_FLOAT, 0, 0 } } },
@@ -1235,15 +1263,17 @@ _PyOpcode_macro_expansion[256] = {
     [BINARY_SLICE] = { .nuops = 1, .uops = { { _BINARY_SLICE, 0, 0 } } },
     [BINARY_SUBSCR] = { .nuops = 1, .uops = { { _BINARY_SUBSCR, 0, 0 } } },
     [BINARY_SUBSCR_DICT] = { .nuops = 1, .uops = { { _BINARY_SUBSCR_DICT, 0, 0 } } },
+    [BINARY_SUBSCR_GETITEM] = { .nuops = 4, .uops = { { _CHECK_PEP_523, 0, 0 }, { _BINARY_SUBSCR_CHECK_FUNC, 0, 0 }, { _BINARY_SUBSCR_INIT_CALL, 0, 0 }, { _PUSH_FRAME, 0, 0 } } },
     [BINARY_SUBSCR_LIST_INT] = { .nuops = 1, .uops = { { _BINARY_SUBSCR_LIST_INT, 0, 0 } } },
     [BINARY_SUBSCR_STR_INT] = { .nuops = 1, .uops = { { _BINARY_SUBSCR_STR_INT, 0, 0 } } },
     [BINARY_SUBSCR_TUPLE_INT] = { .nuops = 1, .uops = { { _BINARY_SUBSCR_TUPLE_INT, 0, 0 } } },
-    [BUILD_CONST_KEY_MAP] = { .nuops = 1, .uops = { { _BUILD_CONST_KEY_MAP, 0, 0 } } },
     [BUILD_LIST] = { .nuops = 1, .uops = { { _BUILD_LIST, 0, 0 } } },
     [BUILD_MAP] = { .nuops = 1, .uops = { { _BUILD_MAP, 0, 0 } } },
+    [BUILD_SET] = { .nuops = 1, .uops = { { _BUILD_SET, 0, 0 } } },
     [BUILD_SLICE] = { .nuops = 1, .uops = { { _BUILD_SLICE, 0, 0 } } },
     [BUILD_STRING] = { .nuops = 1, .uops = { { _BUILD_STRING, 0, 0 } } },
     [BUILD_TUPLE] = { .nuops = 1, .uops = { { _BUILD_TUPLE, 0, 0 } } },
+    [CALL_ALLOC_AND_ENTER_INIT] = { .nuops = 4, .uops = { { _CHECK_PEP_523, 0, 0 }, { _CHECK_AND_ALLOCATE_OBJECT, 2, 1 }, { _CREATE_INIT_FRAME, 0, 0 }, { _PUSH_FRAME, 0, 0 } } },
     [CALL_BOUND_METHOD_EXACT_ARGS] = { .nuops = 9, .uops = { { _CHECK_PEP_523, 0, 0 }, { _CHECK_CALL_BOUND_METHOD_EXACT_ARGS, 0, 0 }, { _INIT_CALL_BOUND_METHOD_EXACT_ARGS, 0, 0 }, { _CHECK_FUNCTION_VERSION, 2, 1 }, { _CHECK_FUNCTION_EXACT_ARGS, 0, 0 }, { _CHECK_STACK_SPACE, 0, 0 }, { _INIT_CALL_PY_EXACT_ARGS, 0, 0 }, { _SAVE_RETURN_OFFSET, 7, 3 }, { _PUSH_FRAME, 0, 0 } } },
     [CALL_BOUND_METHOD_GENERAL] = { .nuops = 6, .uops = { { _CHECK_PEP_523, 0, 0 }, { _CHECK_METHOD_VERSION, 2, 1 }, { _EXPAND_METHOD, 0, 0 }, { _PY_FRAME_GENERAL, 0, 0 }, { _SAVE_RETURN_OFFSET, 7, 3 }, { _PUSH_FRAME, 0, 0 } } },
     [CALL_BUILTIN_CLASS] = { .nuops = 2, .uops = { { _CALL_BUILTIN_CLASS, 0, 0 }, { _CHECK_PERIODIC, 0, 0 } } },
@@ -1253,7 +1283,11 @@ _PyOpcode_macro_expansion[256] = {
     [CALL_INTRINSIC_1] = { .nuops = 1, .uops = { { _CALL_INTRINSIC_1, 0, 0 } } },
     [CALL_INTRINSIC_2] = { .nuops = 1, .uops = { { _CALL_INTRINSIC_2, 0, 0 } } },
     [CALL_ISINSTANCE] = { .nuops = 1, .uops = { { _CALL_ISINSTANCE, 0, 0 } } },
+    [CALL_KW_BOUND_METHOD] = { .nuops = 6, .uops = { { _CHECK_PEP_523, 0, 0 }, { _CHECK_METHOD_VERSION_KW, 2, 1 }, { _EXPAND_METHOD_KW, 0, 0 }, { _PY_FRAME_KW, 0, 0 }, { _SAVE_RETURN_OFFSET, 7, 3 }, { _PUSH_FRAME, 0, 0 } } },
+    [CALL_KW_NON_PY] = { .nuops = 3, .uops = { { _CHECK_IS_NOT_PY_CALLABLE_KW, 0, 0 }, { _CALL_KW_NON_PY, 0, 0 }, { _CHECK_PERIODIC, 0, 0 } } },
+    [CALL_KW_PY] = { .nuops = 5, .uops = { { _CHECK_PEP_523, 0, 0 }, { _CHECK_FUNCTION_VERSION_KW, 2, 1 }, { _PY_FRAME_KW, 0, 0 }, { _SAVE_RETURN_OFFSET, 7, 3 }, { _PUSH_FRAME, 0, 0 } } },
     [CALL_LEN] = { .nuops = 1, .uops = { { _CALL_LEN, 0, 0 } } },
+    [CALL_LIST_APPEND] = { .nuops = 1, .uops = { { _CALL_LIST_APPEND, 0, 0 } } },
     [CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_FAST] = { .nuops = 2, .uops = { { _CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_FAST, 0, 0 }, { _CHECK_PERIODIC, 0, 0 } } },
     [CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_FAST_WITH_KEYWORDS] = { .nuops = 2, .uops = { { _CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_FAST_WITH_KEYWORDS, 0, 0 }, { _CHECK_PERIODIC, 0, 0 } } },
     [CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_NOARGS] = { .nuops = 2, .uops = { { _CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_NOARGS, 0, 0 }, { _CHECK_PERIODIC, 0, 0 } } },
@@ -1300,11 +1334,14 @@ _PyOpcode_macro_expansion[256] = {
     [GET_ITER] = { .nuops = 1, .uops = { { _GET_ITER, 0, 0 } } },
     [GET_LEN] = { .nuops = 1, .uops = { { _GET_LEN, 0, 0 } } },
     [GET_YIELD_FROM_ITER] = { .nuops = 1, .uops = { { _GET_YIELD_FROM_ITER, 0, 0 } } },
+    [IMPORT_FROM] = { .nuops = 1, .uops = { { _IMPORT_FROM, 0, 0 } } },
+    [IMPORT_NAME] = { .nuops = 1, .uops = { { _IMPORT_NAME, 0, 0 } } },
     [IS_OP] = { .nuops = 1, .uops = { { _IS_OP, 0, 0 } } },
     [LIST_APPEND] = { .nuops = 1, .uops = { { _LIST_APPEND, 0, 0 } } },
     [LIST_EXTEND] = { .nuops = 1, .uops = { { _LIST_EXTEND, 0, 0 } } },
     [LOAD_ATTR] = { .nuops = 1, .uops = { { _LOAD_ATTR, 0, 0 } } },
     [LOAD_ATTR_CLASS] = { .nuops = 2, .uops = { { _CHECK_ATTR_CLASS, 2, 1 }, { _LOAD_ATTR_CLASS, 4, 5 } } },
+    [LOAD_ATTR_CLASS_WITH_METACLASS_CHECK] = { .nuops = 3, .uops = { { _CHECK_ATTR_CLASS, 2, 1 }, { _GUARD_TYPE_VERSION, 2, 3 }, { _LOAD_ATTR_CLASS, 4, 5 } } },
     [LOAD_ATTR_INSTANCE_VALUE] = { .nuops = 3, .uops = { { _GUARD_TYPE_VERSION, 2, 1 }, { _CHECK_MANAGED_OBJECT_HAS_VALUES, 0, 0 }, { _LOAD_ATTR_INSTANCE_VALUE, 1, 3 } } },
     [LOAD_ATTR_METHOD_LAZY_DICT] = { .nuops = 3, .uops = { { _GUARD_TYPE_VERSION, 2, 1 }, { _CHECK_ATTR_METHOD_LAZY_DICT, 1, 3 }, { _LOAD_ATTR_METHOD_LAZY_DICT, 4, 5 } } },
     [LOAD_ATTR_METHOD_NO_DICT] = { .nuops = 2, .uops = { { _GUARD_TYPE_VERSION, 2, 1 }, { _LOAD_ATTR_METHOD_NO_DICT, 4, 5 } } },
@@ -1312,6 +1349,7 @@ _PyOpcode_macro_expansion[256] = {
     [LOAD_ATTR_MODULE] = { .nuops = 2, .uops = { { _CHECK_ATTR_MODULE, 2, 1 }, { _LOAD_ATTR_MODULE, 1, 3 } } },
     [LOAD_ATTR_NONDESCRIPTOR_NO_DICT] = { .nuops = 2, .uops = { { _GUARD_TYPE_VERSION, 2, 1 }, { _LOAD_ATTR_NONDESCRIPTOR_NO_DICT, 4, 5 } } },
     [LOAD_ATTR_NONDESCRIPTOR_WITH_VALUES] = { .nuops = 4, .uops = { { _GUARD_TYPE_VERSION, 2, 1 }, { _GUARD_DORV_VALUES_INST_ATTR_FROM_DICT, 0, 0 }, { _GUARD_KEYS_VERSION, 2, 3 }, { _LOAD_ATTR_NONDESCRIPTOR_WITH_VALUES, 4, 5 } } },
+    [LOAD_ATTR_PROPERTY] = { .nuops = 5, .uops = { { _CHECK_PEP_523, 0, 0 }, { _GUARD_TYPE_VERSION, 2, 1 }, { _LOAD_ATTR_PROPERTY_FRAME, 4, 5 }, { _SAVE_RETURN_OFFSET, 7, 9 }, { _PUSH_FRAME, 0, 0 } } },
     [LOAD_ATTR_SLOT] = { .nuops = 2, .uops = { { _GUARD_TYPE_VERSION, 2, 1 }, { _LOAD_ATTR_SLOT, 1, 3 } } },
     [LOAD_ATTR_WITH_HINT] = { .nuops = 3, .uops = { { _GUARD_TYPE_VERSION, 2, 1 }, { _CHECK_ATTR_WITH_HINT, 0, 0 }, { _LOAD_ATTR_WITH_HINT, 1, 3 } } },
     [LOAD_BUILD_CLASS] = { .nuops = 1, .uops = { { _LOAD_BUILD_CLASS, 0, 0 } } },
@@ -1324,9 +1362,11 @@ _PyOpcode_macro_expansion[256] = {
     [LOAD_FAST_LOAD_FAST] = { .nuops = 2, .uops = { { _LOAD_FAST, 5, 0 }, { _LOAD_FAST, 6, 0 } } },
     [LOAD_FROM_DICT_OR_DEREF] = { .nuops = 1, .uops = { { _LOAD_FROM_DICT_OR_DEREF, 0, 0 } } },
     [LOAD_GLOBAL] = { .nuops = 1, .uops = { { _LOAD_GLOBAL, 0, 0 } } },
-    [LOAD_GLOBAL_BUILTIN] = { .nuops = 3, .uops = { { _GUARD_GLOBALS_VERSION, 1, 1 }, { _GUARD_BUILTINS_VERSION, 1, 2 }, { _LOAD_GLOBAL_BUILTINS, 1, 3 } } },
-    [LOAD_GLOBAL_MODULE] = { .nuops = 2, .uops = { { _GUARD_GLOBALS_VERSION, 1, 1 }, { _LOAD_GLOBAL_MODULE, 1, 3 } } },
+    [LOAD_GLOBAL_BUILTIN] = { .nuops = 3, .uops = { { _GUARD_GLOBALS_VERSION, 1, 1 }, { _GUARD_BUILTINS_VERSION_PUSH_KEYS, 1, 2 }, { _LOAD_GLOBAL_BUILTINS_FROM_KEYS, 1, 3 } } },
+    [LOAD_GLOBAL_MODULE] = { .nuops = 2, .uops = { { _GUARD_GLOBALS_VERSION_PUSH_KEYS, 1, 1 }, { _LOAD_GLOBAL_MODULE_FROM_KEYS, 1, 3 } } },
     [LOAD_LOCALS] = { .nuops = 1, .uops = { { _LOAD_LOCALS, 0, 0 } } },
+    [LOAD_NAME] = { .nuops = 1, .uops = { { _LOAD_NAME, 0, 0 } } },
+    [LOAD_SPECIAL] = { .nuops = 1, .uops = { { _LOAD_SPECIAL, 0, 0 } } },
     [LOAD_SUPER_ATTR_ATTR] = { .nuops = 1, .uops = { { _LOAD_SUPER_ATTR_ATTR, 0, 0 } } },
     [LOAD_SUPER_ATTR_METHOD] = { .nuops = 1, .uops = { { _LOAD_SUPER_ATTR_METHOD, 0, 0 } } },
     [MAKE_CELL] = { .nuops = 1, .uops = { { _MAKE_CELL, 0, 0 } } },
@@ -1346,9 +1386,10 @@ _PyOpcode_macro_expansion[256] = {
     [PUSH_EXC_INFO] = { .nuops = 1, .uops = { { _PUSH_EXC_INFO, 0, 0 } } },
     [PUSH_NULL] = { .nuops = 1, .uops = { { _PUSH_NULL, 0, 0 } } },
     [RESUME_CHECK] = { .nuops = 1, .uops = { { _RESUME_CHECK, 0, 0 } } },
-    [RETURN_CONST] = { .nuops = 2, .uops = { { _LOAD_CONST, 0, 0 }, { _POP_FRAME, 0, 0 } } },
+    [RETURN_CONST] = { .nuops = 2, .uops = { { _LOAD_CONST, 0, 0 }, { _RETURN_VALUE, 0, 0 } } },
     [RETURN_GENERATOR] = { .nuops = 1, .uops = { { _RETURN_GENERATOR, 0, 0 } } },
-    [RETURN_VALUE] = { .nuops = 1, .uops = { { _POP_FRAME, 0, 0 } } },
+    [RETURN_VALUE] = { .nuops = 1, .uops = { { _RETURN_VALUE, 0, 0 } } },
+    [SEND_GEN] = { .nuops = 3, .uops = { { _CHECK_PEP_523, 0, 0 }, { _SEND_GEN_FRAME, 0, 0 }, { _PUSH_FRAME, 0, 0 } } },
     [SETUP_ANNOTATIONS] = { .nuops = 1, .uops = { { _SETUP_ANNOTATIONS, 0, 0 } } },
     [SET_ADD] = { .nuops = 1, .uops = { { _SET_ADD, 0, 0 } } },
     [SET_FUNCTION_ATTRIBUTE] = { .nuops = 1, .uops = { { _SET_FUNCTION_ATTRIBUTE, 0, 0 } } },
@@ -1388,11 +1429,9 @@ _PyOpcode_macro_expansion[256] = {
 };
 #endif // NEED_OPCODE_METADATA
 
-extern const char *_PyOpcode_OpName[264];
+extern const char *_PyOpcode_OpName[266];
 #ifdef NEED_OPCODE_METADATA
-const char *_PyOpcode_OpName[264] = {
-    [BEFORE_ASYNC_WITH] = "BEFORE_ASYNC_WITH",
-    [BEFORE_WITH] = "BEFORE_WITH",
+const char *_PyOpcode_OpName[266] = {
     [BINARY_OP] = "BINARY_OP",
     [BINARY_OP_ADD_FLOAT] = "BINARY_OP_ADD_FLOAT",
     [BINARY_OP_ADD_INT] = "BINARY_OP_ADD_INT",
@@ -1409,7 +1448,6 @@ const char *_PyOpcode_OpName[264] = {
     [BINARY_SUBSCR_LIST_INT] = "BINARY_SUBSCR_LIST_INT",
     [BINARY_SUBSCR_STR_INT] = "BINARY_SUBSCR_STR_INT",
     [BINARY_SUBSCR_TUPLE_INT] = "BINARY_SUBSCR_TUPLE_INT",
-    [BUILD_CONST_KEY_MAP] = "BUILD_CONST_KEY_MAP",
     [BUILD_LIST] = "BUILD_LIST",
     [BUILD_MAP] = "BUILD_MAP",
     [BUILD_SET] = "BUILD_SET",
@@ -1430,6 +1468,9 @@ const char *_PyOpcode_OpName[264] = {
     [CALL_INTRINSIC_2] = "CALL_INTRINSIC_2",
     [CALL_ISINSTANCE] = "CALL_ISINSTANCE",
     [CALL_KW] = "CALL_KW",
+    [CALL_KW_BOUND_METHOD] = "CALL_KW_BOUND_METHOD",
+    [CALL_KW_NON_PY] = "CALL_KW_NON_PY",
+    [CALL_KW_PY] = "CALL_KW_PY",
     [CALL_LEN] = "CALL_LEN",
     [CALL_LIST_APPEND] = "CALL_LIST_APPEND",
     [CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_FAST] = "CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_FAST",
@@ -1509,11 +1550,14 @@ const char *_PyOpcode_OpName[264] = {
     [JUMP_BACKWARD] = "JUMP_BACKWARD",
     [JUMP_BACKWARD_NO_INTERRUPT] = "JUMP_BACKWARD_NO_INTERRUPT",
     [JUMP_FORWARD] = "JUMP_FORWARD",
+    [JUMP_IF_FALSE] = "JUMP_IF_FALSE",
+    [JUMP_IF_TRUE] = "JUMP_IF_TRUE",
     [JUMP_NO_INTERRUPT] = "JUMP_NO_INTERRUPT",
     [LIST_APPEND] = "LIST_APPEND",
     [LIST_EXTEND] = "LIST_EXTEND",
     [LOAD_ATTR] = "LOAD_ATTR",
     [LOAD_ATTR_CLASS] = "LOAD_ATTR_CLASS",
+    [LOAD_ATTR_CLASS_WITH_METACLASS_CHECK] = "LOAD_ATTR_CLASS_WITH_METACLASS_CHECK",
     [LOAD_ATTR_GETATTRIBUTE_OVERRIDDEN] = "LOAD_ATTR_GETATTRIBUTE_OVERRIDDEN",
     [LOAD_ATTR_INSTANCE_VALUE] = "LOAD_ATTR_INSTANCE_VALUE",
     [LOAD_ATTR_METHOD_LAZY_DICT] = "LOAD_ATTR_METHOD_LAZY_DICT",
@@ -1541,6 +1585,7 @@ const char *_PyOpcode_OpName[264] = {
     [LOAD_GLOBAL_MODULE] = "LOAD_GLOBAL_MODULE",
     [LOAD_LOCALS] = "LOAD_LOCALS",
     [LOAD_NAME] = "LOAD_NAME",
+    [LOAD_SPECIAL] = "LOAD_SPECIAL",
     [LOAD_SUPER_ATTR] = "LOAD_SUPER_ATTR",
     [LOAD_SUPER_ATTR_ATTR] = "LOAD_SUPER_ATTR_ATTR",
     [LOAD_SUPER_ATTR_METHOD] = "LOAD_SUPER_ATTR_METHOD",
@@ -1617,7 +1662,6 @@ const char *_PyOpcode_OpName[264] = {
 extern const uint8_t _PyOpcode_Caches[256];
 #ifdef NEED_OPCODE_METADATA
 const uint8_t _PyOpcode_Caches[256] = {
-    [JUMP_BACKWARD] = 1,
     [TO_BOOL] = 3,
     [BINARY_SUBSCR] = 1,
     [STORE_SUBSCR] = 1,
@@ -1629,12 +1673,14 @@ const uint8_t _PyOpcode_Caches[256] = {
     [LOAD_ATTR] = 9,
     [COMPARE_OP] = 1,
     [CONTAINS_OP] = 1,
+    [JUMP_BACKWARD] = 1,
     [POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE] = 1,
     [POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE] = 1,
     [POP_JUMP_IF_NONE] = 1,
     [POP_JUMP_IF_NOT_NONE] = 1,
     [FOR_ITER] = 1,
     [CALL] = 3,
+    [CALL_KW] = 3,
     [BINARY_OP] = 1,
 };
 #endif
@@ -1642,8 +1688,6 @@ const uint8_t _PyOpcode_Caches[256] = {
 extern const uint8_t _PyOpcode_Deopt[256];
 #ifdef NEED_OPCODE_METADATA
 const uint8_t _PyOpcode_Deopt[256] = {
-    [BEFORE_ASYNC_WITH] = BEFORE_ASYNC_WITH,
-    [BEFORE_WITH] = BEFORE_WITH,
     [BINARY_OP] = BINARY_OP,
     [BINARY_OP_ADD_FLOAT] = BINARY_OP,
     [BINARY_OP_ADD_INT] = BINARY_OP,
@@ -1660,7 +1704,6 @@ const uint8_t _PyOpcode_Deopt[256] = {
     [BINARY_SUBSCR_LIST_INT] = BINARY_SUBSCR,
     [BINARY_SUBSCR_STR_INT] = BINARY_SUBSCR,
     [BINARY_SUBSCR_TUPLE_INT] = BINARY_SUBSCR,
-    [BUILD_CONST_KEY_MAP] = BUILD_CONST_KEY_MAP,
     [BUILD_LIST] = BUILD_LIST,
     [BUILD_MAP] = BUILD_MAP,
     [BUILD_SET] = BUILD_SET,
@@ -1681,6 +1724,9 @@ const uint8_t _PyOpcode_Deopt[256] = {
     [CALL_INTRINSIC_2] = CALL_INTRINSIC_2,
     [CALL_ISINSTANCE] = CALL,
     [CALL_KW] = CALL_KW,
+    [CALL_KW_BOUND_METHOD] = CALL_KW,
+    [CALL_KW_NON_PY] = CALL_KW,
+    [CALL_KW_PY] = CALL_KW,
     [CALL_LEN] = CALL,
     [CALL_LIST_APPEND] = CALL,
     [CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_FAST] = CALL,
@@ -1763,6 +1809,7 @@ const uint8_t _PyOpcode_Deopt[256] = {
     [LIST_EXTEND] = LIST_EXTEND,
     [LOAD_ATTR] = LOAD_ATTR,
     [LOAD_ATTR_CLASS] = LOAD_ATTR,
+    [LOAD_ATTR_CLASS_WITH_METACLASS_CHECK] = LOAD_ATTR,
     [LOAD_ATTR_GETATTRIBUTE_OVERRIDDEN] = LOAD_ATTR,
     [LOAD_ATTR_INSTANCE_VALUE] = LOAD_ATTR,
     [LOAD_ATTR_METHOD_LAZY_DICT] = LOAD_ATTR,
@@ -1789,6 +1836,7 @@ const uint8_t _PyOpcode_Deopt[256] = {
     [LOAD_GLOBAL_MODULE] = LOAD_GLOBAL,
     [LOAD_LOCALS] = LOAD_LOCALS,
     [LOAD_NAME] = LOAD_NAME,
+    [LOAD_SPECIAL] = LOAD_SPECIAL,
     [LOAD_SUPER_ATTR] = LOAD_SUPER_ATTR,
     [LOAD_SUPER_ATTR_ATTR] = LOAD_SUPER_ATTR,
     [LOAD_SUPER_ATTR_METHOD] = LOAD_SUPER_ATTR,
@@ -1859,6 +1907,9 @@ const uint8_t _PyOpcode_Deopt[256] = {
 #endif // NEED_OPCODE_METADATA
 
 #define EXTRA_CASES \
+    case 116: \
+    case 117: \
+    case 118: \
     case 119: \
     case 120: \
     case 121: \
@@ -1889,10 +1940,6 @@ const uint8_t _PyOpcode_Deopt[256] = {
     case 146: \
     case 147: \
     case 148: \
-    case 223: \
-    case 224: \
-    case 225: \
-    case 226: \
     case 227: \
     case 228: \
     case 229: \
@@ -1902,28 +1949,30 @@ const uint8_t _PyOpcode_Deopt[256] = {
     case 233: \
     case 234: \
     case 235: \
-    case 255: \
         ;
 struct pseudo_targets {
-    uint8_t targets[3];
+    uint8_t as_sequence;
+    uint8_t targets[4];
 };
-extern const struct pseudo_targets _PyOpcode_PseudoTargets[8];
+extern const struct pseudo_targets _PyOpcode_PseudoTargets[10];
 #ifdef NEED_OPCODE_METADATA
-const struct pseudo_targets _PyOpcode_PseudoTargets[8] = {
-    [LOAD_CLOSURE-256] = { { LOAD_FAST, 0, 0 } },
-    [STORE_FAST_MAYBE_NULL-256] = { { STORE_FAST, 0, 0 } },
-    [JUMP-256] = { { JUMP_FORWARD, JUMP_BACKWARD, 0 } },
-    [JUMP_NO_INTERRUPT-256] = { { JUMP_FORWARD, JUMP_BACKWARD_NO_INTERRUPT, 0 } },
-    [SETUP_FINALLY-256] = { { NOP, 0, 0 } },
-    [SETUP_CLEANUP-256] = { { NOP, 0, 0 } },
-    [SETUP_WITH-256] = { { NOP, 0, 0 } },
-    [POP_BLOCK-256] = { { NOP, 0, 0 } },
+const struct pseudo_targets _PyOpcode_PseudoTargets[10] = {
+    [LOAD_CLOSURE-256] = { 0, { LOAD_FAST, 0, 0, 0 } },
+    [STORE_FAST_MAYBE_NULL-256] = { 0, { STORE_FAST, 0, 0, 0 } },
+    [JUMP-256] = { 0, { JUMP_FORWARD, JUMP_BACKWARD, 0, 0 } },
+    [JUMP_NO_INTERRUPT-256] = { 0, { JUMP_FORWARD, JUMP_BACKWARD_NO_INTERRUPT, 0, 0 } },
+    [JUMP_IF_FALSE-256] = { 1, { COPY, TO_BOOL, POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE, 0 } },
+    [JUMP_IF_TRUE-256] = { 1, { COPY, TO_BOOL, POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE, 0 } },
+    [SETUP_FINALLY-256] = { 0, { NOP, 0, 0, 0 } },
+    [SETUP_CLEANUP-256] = { 0, { NOP, 0, 0, 0 } },
+    [SETUP_WITH-256] = { 0, { NOP, 0, 0, 0 } },
+    [POP_BLOCK-256] = { 0, { NOP, 0, 0, 0 } },
 };
 
 #endif // NEED_OPCODE_METADATA
 static inline bool
 is_pseudo_target(int pseudo, int target) {
-    if (pseudo < 256 || pseudo >= 264) {
+    if (pseudo < 256 || pseudo >= 266) {
         return false;
     }
     for (int i = 0; _PyOpcode_PseudoTargets[pseudo-256].targets[i]; i++) {
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_opcode_utils.h b/Include/internal/pycore_opcode_utils.h
index b06e469dd5bd91..e76f4840a66891 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_opcode_utils.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_opcode_utils.h
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ extern "C" {
 #define MAKE_FUNCTION_KWDEFAULTS  0x02
 #define MAKE_FUNCTION_ANNOTATIONS 0x04
 #define MAKE_FUNCTION_CLOSURE     0x08
+#define MAKE_FUNCTION_ANNOTATE    0x10
 
 /* Values used as the oparg for LOAD_COMMON_CONSTANT */
 #define CONSTANT_ASSERTIONERROR 0
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_optimizer.h b/Include/internal/pycore_optimizer.h
index 76123987ac99f5..f92c0a0cddf906 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_optimizer.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_optimizer.h
@@ -11,12 +11,138 @@ extern "C" {
 #include "pycore_uop_ids.h"
 #include <stdbool.h>
 
+
+typedef struct _PyExecutorLinkListNode {
+    struct _PyExecutorObject *next;
+    struct _PyExecutorObject *previous;
+} _PyExecutorLinkListNode;
+
+
+/* Bloom filter with m = 256
+ * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloom_filter */
+#define _Py_BLOOM_FILTER_WORDS 8
+
+typedef struct {
+    uint32_t bits[_Py_BLOOM_FILTER_WORDS];
+} _PyBloomFilter;
+
+typedef struct {
+    uint8_t opcode;
+    uint8_t oparg;
+    uint8_t valid:1;
+    uint8_t linked:1;
+    uint8_t chain_depth:6;  // Must be big enough for MAX_CHAIN_DEPTH - 1.
+    bool warm;
+    int index;           // Index of ENTER_EXECUTOR (if code isn't NULL, below).
+    _PyBloomFilter bloom;
+    _PyExecutorLinkListNode links;
+    PyCodeObject *code;  // Weak (NULL if no corresponding ENTER_EXECUTOR).
+} _PyVMData;
+
+/* Depending on the format,
+ * the 32 bits between the oparg and operand are:
+ * UOP_FORMAT_TARGET:
+ *    uint32_t target;
+ * UOP_FORMAT_JUMP
+ *    uint16_t jump_target;
+ *    uint16_t error_target;
+ */
+typedef struct {
+    uint16_t opcode:15;
+    uint16_t format:1;
+    uint16_t oparg;
+    union {
+        uint32_t target;
+        struct {
+            uint16_t jump_target;
+            uint16_t error_target;
+        };
+    };
+    uint64_t operand;  // A cache entry
+} _PyUOpInstruction;
+
+typedef struct {
+    uint32_t target;
+    _Py_BackoffCounter temperature;
+    const struct _PyExecutorObject *executor;
+} _PyExitData;
+
+typedef struct _PyExecutorObject {
+    PyObject_VAR_HEAD
+    const _PyUOpInstruction *trace;
+    _PyVMData vm_data; /* Used by the VM, but opaque to the optimizer */
+    uint32_t exit_count;
+    uint32_t code_size;
+    size_t jit_size;
+    void *jit_code;
+    void *jit_side_entry;
+    _PyExitData exits[1];
+} _PyExecutorObject;
+
+typedef struct _PyOptimizerObject _PyOptimizerObject;
+
+/* Should return > 0 if a new executor is created. O if no executor is produced and < 0 if an error occurred. */
+typedef int (*_Py_optimize_func)(
+    _PyOptimizerObject* self, struct _PyInterpreterFrame *frame,
+    _Py_CODEUNIT *instr, _PyExecutorObject **exec_ptr,
+    int curr_stackentries, bool progress_needed);
+
+struct _PyOptimizerObject {
+    PyObject_HEAD
+    _Py_optimize_func optimize;
+    /* Data needed by the optimizer goes here, but is opaque to the VM */
+};
+
+/** Test support **/
+typedef struct {
+    _PyOptimizerObject base;
+    int64_t count;
+} _PyCounterOptimizerObject;
+
+_PyOptimizerObject *_Py_SetOptimizer(PyInterpreterState *interp, _PyOptimizerObject* optimizer);
+
+
+// Export for '_opcode' shared extension (JIT compiler).
+PyAPI_FUNC(_PyExecutorObject*) _Py_GetExecutor(PyCodeObject *code, int offset);
+
+void _Py_ExecutorInit(_PyExecutorObject *, const _PyBloomFilter *);
+void _Py_ExecutorDetach(_PyExecutorObject *);
+void _Py_BloomFilter_Init(_PyBloomFilter *);
+void _Py_BloomFilter_Add(_PyBloomFilter *bloom, void *obj);
+PyAPI_FUNC(void) _Py_Executor_DependsOn(_PyExecutorObject *executor, void *obj);
+
+// For testing
+// Export for '_testinternalcapi' shared extension.
+PyAPI_FUNC(_PyOptimizerObject *) _Py_GetOptimizer(void);
+PyAPI_FUNC(int) _Py_SetTier2Optimizer(_PyOptimizerObject* optimizer);
+PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _PyOptimizer_NewCounter(void);
+PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _PyOptimizer_NewUOpOptimizer(void);
+
+#define _Py_MAX_ALLOWED_BUILTINS_MODIFICATIONS 3
+#define _Py_MAX_ALLOWED_GLOBALS_MODIFICATIONS 6
+
+#ifdef _Py_TIER2
+PyAPI_FUNC(void) _Py_Executors_InvalidateDependency(PyInterpreterState *interp, void *obj, int is_invalidation);
+PyAPI_FUNC(void) _Py_Executors_InvalidateAll(PyInterpreterState *interp, int is_invalidation);
+PyAPI_FUNC(void) _Py_Executors_InvalidateCold(PyInterpreterState *interp);
+
+#else
+#  define _Py_Executors_InvalidateDependency(A, B, C) ((void)0)
+#  define _Py_Executors_InvalidateAll(A, B) ((void)0)
+#  define _Py_Executors_InvalidateCold(A) ((void)0)
+
+#endif
+
+// Used as the threshold to trigger executor invalidation when
+// trace_run_counter is greater than this value.
+#define JIT_CLEANUP_THRESHOLD 100000
+
 // This is the length of the trace we project initially.
 #define UOP_MAX_TRACE_LENGTH 800
 
 #define TRACE_STACK_SIZE 5
 
-int _Py_uop_analyze_and_optimize(_PyInterpreterFrame *frame,
+int _Py_uop_analyze_and_optimize(struct _PyInterpreterFrame *frame,
     _PyUOpInstruction *trace, int trace_len, int curr_stackentries,
     _PyBloomFilter *dependencies);
 
@@ -33,12 +159,11 @@ struct _Py_UopsSymbol {
     int flags;  // 0 bits: Top; 2 or more bits: Bottom
     PyTypeObject *typ;  // Borrowed reference
     PyObject *const_val;  // Owned reference (!)
+    unsigned int type_version; // currently stores type version
 };
 
 #define UOP_FORMAT_TARGET 0
-#define UOP_FORMAT_EXIT 1
-#define UOP_FORMAT_JUMP 2
-#define UOP_FORMAT_UNUSED 3
+#define UOP_FORMAT_JUMP 1
 
 static inline uint32_t uop_get_target(const _PyUOpInstruction *inst)
 {
@@ -46,12 +171,6 @@ static inline uint32_t uop_get_target(const _PyUOpInstruction *inst)
     return inst->target;
 }
 
-static inline uint16_t uop_get_exit_index(const _PyUOpInstruction *inst)
-{
-    assert(inst->format == UOP_FORMAT_EXIT);
-    return inst->exit_index;
-}
-
 static inline uint16_t uop_get_jump_target(const _PyUOpInstruction *inst)
 {
     assert(inst->format == UOP_FORMAT_JUMP);
@@ -72,6 +191,12 @@ static inline uint16_t uop_get_error_target(const _PyUOpInstruction *inst)
 // Need extras for root frame and for overflow frame (see TRACE_STACK_PUSH())
 #define MAX_ABSTRACT_FRAME_DEPTH (TRACE_STACK_SIZE + 2)
 
+// The maximum number of side exits that we can take before requiring forward
+// progress (and inserting a new ENTER_EXECUTOR instruction). In practice, this
+// is the "maximum amount of polymorphism" that an isolated trace tree can
+// handle before rejoining the rest of the program.
+#define MAX_CHAIN_DEPTH 4
+
 typedef struct _Py_UopsSymbol _Py_UopsSymbol;
 
 struct _Py_UOpsAbstractFrame {
@@ -123,9 +248,11 @@ extern _Py_UopsSymbol *_Py_uop_sym_new_const(_Py_UOpsContext *ctx, PyObject *con
 extern _Py_UopsSymbol *_Py_uop_sym_new_null(_Py_UOpsContext *ctx);
 extern bool _Py_uop_sym_has_type(_Py_UopsSymbol *sym);
 extern bool _Py_uop_sym_matches_type(_Py_UopsSymbol *sym, PyTypeObject *typ);
+extern bool _Py_uop_sym_matches_type_version(_Py_UopsSymbol *sym, unsigned int version);
 extern void _Py_uop_sym_set_null(_Py_UOpsContext *ctx, _Py_UopsSymbol *sym);
 extern void _Py_uop_sym_set_non_null(_Py_UOpsContext *ctx, _Py_UopsSymbol *sym);
 extern void _Py_uop_sym_set_type(_Py_UOpsContext *ctx, _Py_UopsSymbol *sym, PyTypeObject *typ);
+extern bool _Py_uop_sym_set_type_version(_Py_UOpsContext *ctx, _Py_UopsSymbol *sym, unsigned int version);
 extern void _Py_uop_sym_set_const(_Py_UOpsContext *ctx, _Py_UopsSymbol *sym, PyObject *const_val);
 extern bool _Py_uop_sym_is_bottom(_Py_UopsSymbol *sym);
 extern int _Py_uop_sym_truthiness(_Py_UopsSymbol *sym);
@@ -138,14 +265,24 @@ extern void _Py_uop_abstractcontext_fini(_Py_UOpsContext *ctx);
 extern _Py_UOpsAbstractFrame *_Py_uop_frame_new(
     _Py_UOpsContext *ctx,
     PyCodeObject *co,
-    _Py_UopsSymbol **localsplus_start,
-    int n_locals_already_filled,
-    int curr_stackentries);
+    int curr_stackentries,
+    _Py_UopsSymbol **args,
+    int arg_len);
 extern int _Py_uop_frame_pop(_Py_UOpsContext *ctx);
 
 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _Py_uop_symbols_test(PyObject *self, PyObject *ignored);
 
-PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyOptimizer_Optimize(_PyInterpreterFrame *frame, _Py_CODEUNIT *start, PyObject **stack_pointer, _PyExecutorObject **exec_ptr);
+PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyOptimizer_Optimize(struct _PyInterpreterFrame *frame, _Py_CODEUNIT *start, _PyStackRef *stack_pointer, _PyExecutorObject **exec_ptr, int chain_depth);
+
+static inline int is_terminator(const _PyUOpInstruction *uop)
+{
+    int opcode = uop->opcode;
+    return (
+        opcode == _EXIT_TRACE ||
+        opcode == _JUMP_TO_TOP ||
+        opcode == _DYNAMIC_EXIT
+    );
+}
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_parser.h b/Include/internal/pycore_parser.h
index 067b34c12c4e7f..b16084aaa15515 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_parser.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_parser.h
@@ -21,6 +21,9 @@ extern "C" {
 struct _parser_runtime_state {
 #ifdef Py_DEBUG
     long memo_statistics[_PYPEGEN_NSTATISTICS];
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    PyMutex mutex;
+#endif
 #else
     int _not_used;
 #endif
@@ -28,8 +31,10 @@ struct _parser_runtime_state {
 };
 
 _Py_DECLARE_STR(empty, "")
+#if defined(Py_DEBUG) && defined(Py_GIL_DISABLED)
 #define _parser_runtime_state_INIT \
     { \
+        .mutex = {0}, \
         .dummy_name = { \
             .kind = Name_kind, \
             .v.Name.id = &_Py_STR(empty), \
@@ -40,6 +45,20 @@ _Py_DECLARE_STR(empty, "")
             .end_col_offset = 0, \
         }, \
     }
+#else
+#define _parser_runtime_state_INIT \
+    { \
+        .dummy_name = { \
+            .kind = Name_kind, \
+            .v.Name.id = &_Py_STR(empty), \
+            .v.Name.ctx = Load, \
+            .lineno = 1, \
+            .col_offset = 0, \
+            .end_lineno = 1, \
+            .end_col_offset = 0, \
+        }, \
+    }
+#endif
 
 extern struct _mod* _PyParser_ASTFromString(
     const char *str,
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_pyatomic_ft_wrappers.h b/Include/internal/pycore_pyatomic_ft_wrappers.h
index bc6aba56cf9fc7..a1bb383bcd22e9 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_pyatomic_ft_wrappers.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_pyatomic_ft_wrappers.h
@@ -45,6 +45,8 @@ extern "C" {
     _Py_atomic_load_uint16_relaxed(&value)
 #define FT_ATOMIC_LOAD_UINT32_RELAXED(value) \
     _Py_atomic_load_uint32_relaxed(&value)
+#define FT_ATOMIC_LOAD_ULONG_RELAXED(value) \
+    _Py_atomic_load_ulong_relaxed(&value)
 #define FT_ATOMIC_STORE_PTR_RELAXED(value, new_value) \
     _Py_atomic_store_ptr_relaxed(&value, new_value)
 #define FT_ATOMIC_STORE_PTR_RELEASE(value, new_value) \
@@ -75,6 +77,7 @@ extern "C" {
 #define FT_ATOMIC_LOAD_UINT8_RELAXED(value) value
 #define FT_ATOMIC_LOAD_UINT16_RELAXED(value) value
 #define FT_ATOMIC_LOAD_UINT32_RELAXED(value) value
+#define FT_ATOMIC_LOAD_ULONG_RELAXED(value) value
 #define FT_ATOMIC_STORE_PTR_RELAXED(value, new_value) value = new_value
 #define FT_ATOMIC_STORE_PTR_RELEASE(value, new_value) value = new_value
 #define FT_ATOMIC_STORE_UINTPTR_RELEASE(value, new_value) value = new_value
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_pyerrors.h b/Include/internal/pycore_pyerrors.h
index 683d87a0d0b129..02945f0e71a145 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_pyerrors.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_pyerrors.h
@@ -120,6 +120,11 @@ extern void _PyErr_SetNone(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *exception);
 
 extern PyObject* _PyErr_NoMemory(PyThreadState *tstate);
 
+extern int _PyErr_EmitSyntaxWarning(PyObject *msg, PyObject *filename, int lineno, int col_offset,
+                                    int end_lineno, int end_col_offset);
+extern void _PyErr_RaiseSyntaxError(PyObject *msg, PyObject *filename, int lineno, int col_offset,
+                                    int end_lineno, int end_col_offset);
+
 PyAPI_FUNC(void) _PyErr_SetString(
     PyThreadState *tstate,
     PyObject *exception,
@@ -161,12 +166,18 @@ extern PyObject* _Py_Offer_Suggestions(PyObject* exception);
 PyAPI_FUNC(Py_ssize_t) _Py_UTF8_Edit_Cost(PyObject *str_a, PyObject *str_b,
                                           Py_ssize_t max_cost);
 
-void _PyErr_FormatNote(const char *format, ...);
+// Export for '_json' shared extension
+PyAPI_FUNC(void) _PyErr_FormatNote(const char *format, ...);
 
 /* Context manipulation (PEP 3134) */
 
 Py_DEPRECATED(3.12) extern void _PyErr_ChainExceptions(PyObject *, PyObject *, PyObject *);
 
+// implementation detail for the codeop module.
+// Exported for test.test_peg_generator.test_c_parser
+PyAPI_DATA(PyTypeObject) _PyExc_IncompleteInputError;
+#define PyExc_IncompleteInputError ((PyObject *)(&_PyExc_IncompleteInputError))
+
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_pyhash.h b/Include/internal/pycore_pyhash.h
index 0ce08900e96f0b..9414e7761171d2 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_pyhash.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_pyhash.h
@@ -20,9 +20,6 @@ _Py_HashPointerRaw(const void *ptr)
     return (Py_hash_t)x;
 }
 
-// Export for '_datetime' shared extension
-PyAPI_FUNC(Py_hash_t) _Py_HashBytes(const void*, Py_ssize_t);
-
 /* Hash secret
  *
  * memory layout on 64 bit systems
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_pystate.h b/Include/internal/pycore_pystate.h
index a668d78b969bd9..fade55945b7dbf 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_pystate.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_pystate.h
@@ -8,11 +8,9 @@ extern "C" {
 #  error "this header requires Py_BUILD_CORE define"
 #endif
 
-#include "pycore_freelist.h"      // _PyFreeListState
 #include "pycore_runtime.h"       // _PyRuntime
 #include "pycore_tstate.h"        // _PyThreadStateImpl
 
-
 // Values for PyThreadState.state. A thread must be in the "attached" state
 // before calling most Python APIs. If the GIL is enabled, then "attached"
 // implies that the thread holds the GIL and "detached" implies that the
@@ -217,10 +215,14 @@ static inline PyInterpreterState* _PyInterpreterState_GET(void) {
 
 // PyThreadState functions
 
-extern PyThreadState * _PyThreadState_New(
+// Export for _testinternalcapi
+PyAPI_FUNC(PyThreadState *) _PyThreadState_New(
     PyInterpreterState *interp,
     int whence);
 extern void _PyThreadState_Bind(PyThreadState *tstate);
+PyAPI_FUNC(PyThreadState *) _PyThreadState_NewBound(
+    PyInterpreterState *interp,
+    int whence);
 extern PyThreadState * _PyThreadState_RemoveExcept(PyThreadState *tstate);
 extern void _PyThreadState_DeleteList(PyThreadState *list);
 extern void _PyThreadState_ClearMimallocHeaps(PyThreadState *tstate);
@@ -275,20 +277,6 @@ PyAPI_FUNC(const PyConfig*) _Py_GetConfig(void);
 // See also PyInterpreterState_Get() and _PyInterpreterState_GET().
 extern PyInterpreterState* _PyGILState_GetInterpreterStateUnsafe(void);
 
-static inline struct _Py_object_freelists* _Py_object_freelists_GET(void)
-{
-    PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
-#ifdef Py_DEBUG
-    _Py_EnsureTstateNotNULL(tstate);
-#endif
-
-#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
-    return &((_PyThreadStateImpl*)tstate)->freelists;
-#else
-    return &tstate->interp->object_state.freelists;
-#endif
-}
-
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_pythread.h b/Include/internal/pycore_pythread.h
index f3f5942444e851..a1e084cf67d58d 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_pythread.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_pythread.h
@@ -152,6 +152,19 @@ PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyThread_join_thread(PyThread_handle_t);
  * a non-zero value on failure.
  */
 PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyThread_detach_thread(PyThread_handle_t);
+/*
+ * Hangs the thread indefinitely without exiting it.
+ *
+ * gh-87135: There is no safe way to exit a thread other than returning
+ * normally from its start function.  This is used during finalization in lieu
+ * of actually exiting the thread.  Since the program is expected to terminate
+ * soon anyway, it does not matter if the thread stack stays around until then.
+ *
+ * This is unfortunate for embedders who may not be terminating their process
+ * when they're done with the interpreter, but our C API design does not allow
+ * for safely exiting threads attempting to re-enter Python post finalization.
+ */
+void _Py_NO_RETURN PyThread_hang_thread(void);
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_runtime.h b/Include/internal/pycore_runtime.h
index f58eccf729cb2a..7f592aa6cf9f05 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_runtime.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_runtime.h
@@ -9,8 +9,10 @@ extern "C" {
 #endif
 
 #include "pycore_atexit.h"          // struct _atexit_runtime_state
+#include "pycore_audit.h"           // _Py_AuditHookEntry
 #include "pycore_ceval_state.h"     // struct _ceval_runtime_state
-#include "pycore_crossinterp.h"   // struct _xidregistry
+#include "pycore_crossinterp.h"     // struct _xidregistry
+#include "pycore_debug_offsets.h"   // _Py_DebugOffsets
 #include "pycore_faulthandler.h"    // struct _faulthandler_runtime_state
 #include "pycore_floatobject.h"     // struct _Py_float_runtime_state
 #include "pycore_import.h"          // struct _import_runtime_state
@@ -25,123 +27,12 @@ extern "C" {
 #include "pycore_typeobject.h"      // struct _types_runtime_state
 #include "pycore_unicodeobject.h"   // struct _Py_unicode_runtime_state
 
-struct _getargs_runtime_state {
-    struct _PyArg_Parser *static_parsers;
-};
-
-/* GIL state */
-
-struct _gilstate_runtime_state {
-    /* bpo-26558: Flag to disable PyGILState_Check().
-       If set to non-zero, PyGILState_Check() always return 1. */
-    int check_enabled;
-    /* The single PyInterpreterState used by this process'
-       GILState implementation
-    */
-    /* TODO: Given interp_main, it may be possible to kill this ref */
-    PyInterpreterState *autoInterpreterState;
-};
-
-/* Runtime audit hook state */
-
-typedef struct _Py_AuditHookEntry {
-    struct _Py_AuditHookEntry *next;
-    Py_AuditHookFunction hookCFunction;
-    void *userData;
-} _Py_AuditHookEntry;
-
-typedef struct _Py_DebugOffsets {
-    char cookie[8];
-    uint64_t version;
-    // Runtime state offset;
-    struct _runtime_state {
-        uint64_t finalizing;
-        uint64_t interpreters_head;
-    } runtime_state;
-
-    // Interpreter state offset;
-    struct _interpreter_state {
-        uint64_t next;
-        uint64_t threads_head;
-        uint64_t gc;
-        uint64_t imports_modules;
-        uint64_t sysdict;
-        uint64_t builtins;
-        uint64_t ceval_gil;
-        uint64_t gil_runtime_state_locked;
-        uint64_t gil_runtime_state_holder;
-    } interpreter_state;
-
-    // Thread state offset;
-    struct _thread_state{
-        uint64_t prev;
-        uint64_t next;
-        uint64_t interp;
-        uint64_t current_frame;
-        uint64_t thread_id;
-        uint64_t native_thread_id;
-    } thread_state;
-
-    // InterpreterFrame offset;
-    struct _interpreter_frame {
-        uint64_t previous;
-        uint64_t executable;
-        uint64_t instr_ptr;
-        uint64_t localsplus;
-        uint64_t owner;
-    } interpreter_frame;
-
-    // CFrame offset;
-    struct _cframe {
-        uint64_t current_frame;
-        uint64_t previous;
-    } cframe;
-
-    // Code object offset;
-    struct _code_object {
-        uint64_t filename;
-        uint64_t name;
-        uint64_t linetable;
-        uint64_t firstlineno;
-        uint64_t argcount;
-        uint64_t localsplusnames;
-        uint64_t localspluskinds;
-        uint64_t co_code_adaptive;
-    } code_object;
-
-    // PyObject offset;
-    struct _pyobject {
-        uint64_t ob_type;
-    } pyobject;
-
-    // PyTypeObject object offset;
-    struct _type_object {
-        uint64_t tp_name;
-    } type_object;
-
-    // PyTuple object offset;
-    struct _tuple_object {
-        uint64_t ob_item;
-    } tuple_object;
-
-    // Unicode object offset;
-    struct _unicode_object {
-        uint64_t state;
-        uint64_t length;
-        size_t asciiobject_size;
-    } unicode_object;
-} _Py_DebugOffsets;
-
-/* Reference tracer state */
-struct _reftracer_runtime_state {
-    PyRefTracer tracer_func;
-    void* tracer_data;
-};
 
 /* Full Python runtime state */
 
 /* _PyRuntimeState holds the global state for the CPython runtime.
-   That data is exposed in the internal API as a static variable (_PyRuntime).
+   That data is exported by the internal API as a global variable
+   (_PyRuntime, defined near the top of pylifecycle.c).
    */
 typedef struct pyruntimestate {
     /* This field must be first to facilitate locating it by out of process
@@ -237,8 +128,19 @@ typedef struct pyruntimestate {
 
     struct _import_runtime_state imports;
     struct _ceval_runtime_state ceval;
-    struct _gilstate_runtime_state gilstate;
-    struct _getargs_runtime_state getargs;
+    struct _gilstate_runtime_state {
+        /* bpo-26558: Flag to disable PyGILState_Check().
+           If set to non-zero, PyGILState_Check() always return 1. */
+        int check_enabled;
+        /* The single PyInterpreterState used by this process'
+           GILState implementation
+        */
+        /* TODO: Given interp_main, it may be possible to kill this ref */
+        PyInterpreterState *autoInterpreterState;
+    } gilstate;
+    struct _getargs_runtime_state {
+        struct _PyArg_Parser *static_parsers;
+    } getargs;
     struct _fileutils_state fileutils;
     struct _faulthandler_runtime_state faulthandler;
     struct _tracemalloc_runtime_state tracemalloc;
@@ -342,6 +244,7 @@ _PyRuntimeState_SetFinalizing(_PyRuntimeState *runtime, PyThreadState *tstate) {
     }
 }
 
+
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_runtime_init.h b/Include/internal/pycore_runtime_init.h
index 98920dbb7c7a92..e99febab2f3d57 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_runtime_init.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_runtime_init.h
@@ -9,8 +9,10 @@ extern "C" {
 #endif
 
 #include "pycore_ceval_state.h"   // _PyEval_RUNTIME_PERF_INIT
+#include "pycore_debug_offsets.h"  // _Py_DebugOffsets_INIT()
 #include "pycore_faulthandler.h"  // _faulthandler_runtime_state_INIT
 #include "pycore_floatobject.h"   // _py_float_format_unknown
+#include "pycore_function.h"
 #include "pycore_object.h"        // _PyObject_HEAD_INIT
 #include "pycore_obmalloc_init.h" // _obmalloc_global_state_INIT
 #include "pycore_parser.h"        // _parser_runtime_state_INIT
@@ -29,66 +31,9 @@ extern PyTypeObject _PyExc_MemoryError;
 /* The static initializers defined here should only be used
    in the runtime init code (in pystate.c and pylifecycle.c). */
 
-#define _PyRuntimeState_INIT(runtime) \
+#define _PyRuntimeState_INIT(runtime, debug_cookie) \
     { \
-        .debug_offsets = { \
-            .cookie = "xdebugpy", \
-            .version = PY_VERSION_HEX, \
-            .runtime_state = { \
-                .finalizing = offsetof(_PyRuntimeState, _finalizing), \
-                .interpreters_head = offsetof(_PyRuntimeState, interpreters.head), \
-            }, \
-            .interpreter_state = { \
-                .next = offsetof(PyInterpreterState, next), \
-                .threads_head = offsetof(PyInterpreterState, threads.head), \
-                .gc = offsetof(PyInterpreterState, gc), \
-                .imports_modules = offsetof(PyInterpreterState, imports.modules), \
-                .sysdict = offsetof(PyInterpreterState, sysdict), \
-                .builtins = offsetof(PyInterpreterState, builtins), \
-                .ceval_gil = offsetof(PyInterpreterState, ceval.gil), \
-                .gil_runtime_state_locked = offsetof(PyInterpreterState, _gil.locked), \
-                .gil_runtime_state_holder = offsetof(PyInterpreterState, _gil.last_holder), \
-            }, \
-            .thread_state = { \
-                .prev = offsetof(PyThreadState, prev), \
-                .next = offsetof(PyThreadState, next), \
-                .interp = offsetof(PyThreadState, interp), \
-                .current_frame = offsetof(PyThreadState, current_frame), \
-                .thread_id = offsetof(PyThreadState, thread_id), \
-                .native_thread_id = offsetof(PyThreadState, native_thread_id), \
-            }, \
-            .interpreter_frame = { \
-                .previous = offsetof(_PyInterpreterFrame, previous), \
-                .executable = offsetof(_PyInterpreterFrame, f_executable), \
-                .instr_ptr = offsetof(_PyInterpreterFrame, instr_ptr), \
-                .localsplus = offsetof(_PyInterpreterFrame, localsplus), \
-                .owner = offsetof(_PyInterpreterFrame, owner), \
-            }, \
-            .code_object = { \
-                .filename = offsetof(PyCodeObject, co_filename), \
-                .name = offsetof(PyCodeObject, co_name), \
-                .linetable = offsetof(PyCodeObject, co_linetable), \
-                .firstlineno = offsetof(PyCodeObject, co_firstlineno), \
-                .argcount = offsetof(PyCodeObject, co_argcount), \
-                .localsplusnames = offsetof(PyCodeObject, co_localsplusnames), \
-                .localspluskinds = offsetof(PyCodeObject, co_localspluskinds), \
-                .co_code_adaptive = offsetof(PyCodeObject, co_code_adaptive), \
-            }, \
-            .pyobject = { \
-                .ob_type = offsetof(PyObject, ob_type), \
-            }, \
-            .type_object = { \
-                .tp_name = offsetof(PyTypeObject, tp_name), \
-            }, \
-            .tuple_object = { \
-                .ob_item = offsetof(PyTupleObject, ob_item), \
-            }, \
-            .unicode_object = { \
-                .state = offsetof(PyUnicodeObject, _base._base.state), \
-                .length = offsetof(PyUnicodeObject, _base._base.length), \
-                .asciiobject_size = sizeof(PyASCIIObject), \
-            }, \
-        }, \
+        .debug_offsets = _Py_DebugOffsets_INIT(debug_cookie), \
         .allocators = { \
             .standard = _pymem_allocators_standard_INIT(runtime), \
             .debug = _pymem_allocators_debug_INIT, \
@@ -196,7 +141,7 @@ extern PyTypeObject _PyExc_MemoryError;
         .dict_state = _dict_state_INIT, \
         .mem_free_queue = _Py_mem_free_queue_INIT(INTERP.mem_free_queue), \
         .func_state = { \
-            .next_version = 1, \
+            .next_version = FUNC_VERSION_FIRST_VALID, \
         }, \
         .types = { \
             .next_version_tag = _Py_TYPE_BASE_VERSION_TAG, \
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_runtime_init_generated.h b/Include/internal/pycore_runtime_init_generated.h
index 2dde6febc2cae4..3b80e265b0ca50 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_runtime_init_generated.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_runtime_init_generated.h
@@ -546,21 +546,18 @@ extern "C" {
     INIT_STR(anon_setcomp, "<setcomp>"), \
     INIT_STR(anon_string, "<string>"), \
     INIT_STR(anon_unknown, "<unknown>"), \
-    INIT_STR(close_br, "}"), \
     INIT_STR(dbl_close_br, "}}"), \
     INIT_STR(dbl_open_br, "{{"), \
     INIT_STR(dbl_percent, "%%"), \
     INIT_STR(defaults, ".defaults"), \
-    INIT_STR(dot, "."), \
     INIT_STR(dot_locals, ".<locals>"), \
     INIT_STR(empty, ""), \
+    INIT_STR(format, ".format"), \
     INIT_STR(generic_base, ".generic_base"), \
     INIT_STR(json_decoder, "json.decoder"), \
     INIT_STR(kwdefaults, ".kwdefaults"), \
     INIT_STR(list_err, "list index out of range"), \
-    INIT_STR(newline, "\n"), \
-    INIT_STR(open_br, "{"), \
-    INIT_STR(percent, "%"), \
+    INIT_STR(str_replace_inf, "1e309"), \
     INIT_STR(type_params, ".type_params"), \
     INIT_STR(utf_8, "utf-8"), \
 }
@@ -575,7 +572,6 @@ extern "C" {
     INIT_ID(TextIOWrapper), \
     INIT_ID(True), \
     INIT_ID(WarningMessage), \
-    INIT_ID(_), \
     INIT_ID(_WindowsConsoleIO), \
     INIT_ID(__IOBase_closed), \
     INIT_ID(__abc_tpflags__), \
@@ -591,7 +587,6 @@ extern "C" {
     INIT_ID(__annotate__), \
     INIT_ID(__annotations__), \
     INIT_ID(__args__), \
-    INIT_ID(__asyncio_running_event_loop__), \
     INIT_ID(__await__), \
     INIT_ID(__bases__), \
     INIT_ID(__bool__), \
@@ -608,7 +603,6 @@ extern "C" {
     INIT_ID(__classdictcell__), \
     INIT_ID(__complex__), \
     INIT_ID(__contains__), \
-    INIT_ID(__copy__), \
     INIT_ID(__ctypes_from_outparam__), \
     INIT_ID(__del__), \
     INIT_ID(__delattr__), \
@@ -742,8 +736,6 @@ extern "C" {
     INIT_ID(_abc_impl), \
     INIT_ID(_abstract_), \
     INIT_ID(_active), \
-    INIT_ID(_align_), \
-    INIT_ID(_annotation), \
     INIT_ID(_anonymous_), \
     INIT_ID(_argtypes_), \
     INIT_ID(_as_parameter_), \
@@ -764,24 +756,25 @@ extern "C" {
     INIT_ID(_initializing), \
     INIT_ID(_io), \
     INIT_ID(_is_text_encoding), \
-    INIT_ID(_layout_), \
+    INIT_ID(_isatty_open_only), \
     INIT_ID(_length_), \
     INIT_ID(_limbo), \
     INIT_ID(_lock_unlock_module), \
     INIT_ID(_loop), \
     INIT_ID(_needs_com_addref_), \
-    INIT_ID(_pack_), \
+    INIT_ID(_only_immortal), \
     INIT_ID(_restype_), \
     INIT_ID(_showwarnmsg), \
     INIT_ID(_shutdown), \
     INIT_ID(_slotnames), \
-    INIT_ID(_strptime_datetime), \
-    INIT_ID(_swappedbytes_), \
+    INIT_ID(_strptime), \
+    INIT_ID(_strptime_datetime_date), \
+    INIT_ID(_strptime_datetime_datetime), \
+    INIT_ID(_strptime_datetime_time), \
     INIT_ID(_type_), \
     INIT_ID(_uninitialized_submodules), \
     INIT_ID(_warn_unawaited_coroutine), \
     INIT_ID(_xoptions), \
-    INIT_ID(a), \
     INIT_ID(abs_tol), \
     INIT_ID(access), \
     INIT_ID(aclose), \
@@ -791,6 +784,7 @@ extern "C" {
     INIT_ID(after_in_parent), \
     INIT_ID(aggregate_class), \
     INIT_ID(alias), \
+    INIT_ID(align), \
     INIT_ID(allow_code), \
     INIT_ID(append), \
     INIT_ID(arg), \
@@ -805,12 +799,12 @@ extern "C" {
     INIT_ID(attribute), \
     INIT_ID(authorizer_callback), \
     INIT_ID(autocommit), \
-    INIT_ID(b), \
     INIT_ID(backtick), \
     INIT_ID(base), \
     INIT_ID(before), \
     INIT_ID(big), \
     INIT_ID(binary_form), \
+    INIT_ID(bit_size), \
     INIT_ID(block), \
     INIT_ID(bound), \
     INIT_ID(buffer), \
@@ -823,7 +817,6 @@ extern "C" {
     INIT_ID(byteorder), \
     INIT_ID(bytes), \
     INIT_ID(bytes_per_sep), \
-    INIT_ID(c), \
     INIT_ID(c_call), \
     INIT_ID(c_exception), \
     INIT_ID(c_return), \
@@ -879,7 +872,6 @@ extern "C" {
     INIT_ID(count), \
     INIT_ID(covariant), \
     INIT_ID(cwd), \
-    INIT_ID(d), \
     INIT_ID(data), \
     INIT_ID(database), \
     INIT_ID(day), \
@@ -905,10 +897,10 @@ extern "C" {
     INIT_ID(displayhook), \
     INIT_ID(dklen), \
     INIT_ID(doc), \
+    INIT_ID(done), \
     INIT_ID(dont_inherit), \
     INIT_ID(dst), \
     INIT_ID(dst_dir_fd), \
-    INIT_ID(e), \
     INIT_ID(eager_start), \
     INIT_ID(effective_ids), \
     INIT_ID(element_factory), \
@@ -932,7 +924,6 @@ extern "C" {
     INIT_ID(exp), \
     INIT_ID(extend), \
     INIT_ID(extra_tokens), \
-    INIT_ID(f), \
     INIT_ID(facility), \
     INIT_ID(factory), \
     INIT_ID(false), \
@@ -942,6 +933,7 @@ extern "C" {
     INIT_ID(fd2), \
     INIT_ID(fdel), \
     INIT_ID(fget), \
+    INIT_ID(fields), \
     INIT_ID(file), \
     INIT_ID(file_actions), \
     INIT_ID(filename), \
@@ -958,6 +950,7 @@ extern "C" {
     INIT_ID(fold), \
     INIT_ID(follow_symlinks), \
     INIT_ID(format), \
+    INIT_ID(format_spec), \
     INIT_ID(from_param), \
     INIT_ID(fromlist), \
     INIT_ID(fromtimestamp), \
@@ -965,7 +958,6 @@ extern "C" {
     INIT_ID(fset), \
     INIT_ID(func), \
     INIT_ID(future), \
-    INIT_ID(g), \
     INIT_ID(generation), \
     INIT_ID(genexpr), \
     INIT_ID(get), \
@@ -979,7 +971,6 @@ extern "C" {
     INIT_ID(globals), \
     INIT_ID(groupindex), \
     INIT_ID(groups), \
-    INIT_ID(h), \
     INIT_ID(handle), \
     INIT_ID(handle_seq), \
     INIT_ID(has_location), \
@@ -996,6 +987,7 @@ extern "C" {
     INIT_ID(importlib), \
     INIT_ID(in_fd), \
     INIT_ID(incoming), \
+    INIT_ID(index), \
     INIT_ID(indexgroup), \
     INIT_ID(inf), \
     INIT_ID(infer_variance), \
@@ -1016,6 +1008,7 @@ extern "C" {
     INIT_ID(intersection), \
     INIT_ID(interval), \
     INIT_ID(is_running), \
+    INIT_ID(is_struct), \
     INIT_ID(isatty), \
     INIT_ID(isinstance), \
     INIT_ID(isoformat), \
@@ -1090,7 +1083,6 @@ extern "C" {
     INIT_ID(msg), \
     INIT_ID(mutex), \
     INIT_ID(mycmp), \
-    INIT_ID(n), \
     INIT_ID(n_arg), \
     INIT_ID(n_fields), \
     INIT_ID(n_sequence_fields), \
@@ -1136,7 +1128,6 @@ extern "C" {
     INIT_ID(outgoing), \
     INIT_ID(overlapped), \
     INIT_ID(owner), \
-    INIT_ID(p), \
     INIT_ID(pages), \
     INIT_ID(parent), \
     INIT_ID(password), \
@@ -1164,7 +1155,6 @@ extern "C" {
     INIT_ID(ps2), \
     INIT_ID(query), \
     INIT_ID(quotetabs), \
-    INIT_ID(r), \
     INIT_ID(raw), \
     INIT_ID(read), \
     INIT_ID(read1), \
@@ -1188,7 +1178,6 @@ extern "C" {
     INIT_ID(return), \
     INIT_ID(reverse), \
     INIT_ID(reversed), \
-    INIT_ID(s), \
     INIT_ID(salt), \
     INIT_ID(sched_priority), \
     INIT_ID(scheduler), \
@@ -1295,7 +1284,6 @@ extern "C" {
     INIT_ID(writable), \
     INIT_ID(write), \
     INIT_ID(write_through), \
-    INIT_ID(x), \
     INIT_ID(year), \
     INIT_ID(zdict), \
 }
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_stackref.h b/Include/internal/pycore_stackref.h
index 93898174789f7b..588e57f6cd97e0 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_stackref.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_stackref.h
@@ -8,185 +8,254 @@ extern "C" {
 #  error "this header requires Py_BUILD_CORE define"
 #endif
 
+#include "pycore_object_deferred.h"
+
 #include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+
+/*
+  This file introduces a new API for handling references on the stack, called
+  _PyStackRef. This API is inspired by HPy.
+
+  There are 3 main operations, that convert _PyStackRef to PyObject* and
+  vice versa:
+
+    1. Borrow (discouraged)
+    2. Steal
+    3. New
+
+  Borrow means that the reference is converted without any change in ownership.
+  This is discouraged because it makes verification much harder. It also makes
+  unboxed integers harder in the future.
+
+  Steal means that ownership is transferred to something else. The total
+  number of references to the object stays the same.
+
+  New creates a new reference from the old reference. The old reference
+  is still valid.
+
+  With these 3 API, a strict stack discipline must be maintained. All
+  _PyStackRef must be operated on by the new reference operations:
+
+    1. DUP
+    2. CLOSE
+
+   DUP is roughly equivalent to Py_NewRef. It creates a new reference from an old
+   reference. The old reference remains unchanged.
 
-typedef union {
+   CLOSE is roughly equivalent to Py_DECREF. It destroys a reference.
+
+   Note that it is unsafe to borrow a _PyStackRef and then do normal
+   CPython refcounting operations on it!
+*/
+
+typedef union _PyStackRef {
     uintptr_t bits;
 } _PyStackRef;
 
-static const _PyStackRef Py_STACKREF_NULL = { .bits = 0 };
 
 #define Py_TAG_DEFERRED (1)
 
-// Gets a PyObject * from a _PyStackRef
-#if defined(Py_GIL_DISABLED)
+#define Py_TAG_PTR      ((uintptr_t)0)
+#define Py_TAG_BITS     ((uintptr_t)1)
+
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+
+static const _PyStackRef PyStackRef_NULL = { .bits = Py_TAG_DEFERRED};
+#define PyStackRef_IsNull(stackref) ((stackref).bits == PyStackRef_NULL.bits)
+#define PyStackRef_True ((_PyStackRef){.bits = ((uintptr_t)&_Py_TrueStruct) | Py_TAG_DEFERRED })
+#define PyStackRef_False ((_PyStackRef){.bits = ((uintptr_t)&_Py_FalseStruct) | Py_TAG_DEFERRED })
+#define PyStackRef_None ((_PyStackRef){.bits = ((uintptr_t)&_Py_NoneStruct) | Py_TAG_DEFERRED })
+
 static inline PyObject *
-PyStackRef_Get(_PyStackRef tagged)
+PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(_PyStackRef stackref)
 {
-    PyObject *cleared = ((PyObject *)((tagged).bits & (~Py_TAG_DEFERRED)));
+    PyObject *cleared = ((PyObject *)((stackref).bits & (~Py_TAG_BITS)));
     return cleared;
 }
-#else
-#   define PyStackRef_Get(tagged) ((PyObject *)((tagged).bits))
-#endif
 
-// Converts a PyObject * to a PyStackRef, stealing the reference.
-#if defined(Py_GIL_DISABLED)
+#define PyStackRef_IsDeferred(ref) (((ref).bits & Py_TAG_BITS) == Py_TAG_DEFERRED)
+
+static inline PyObject *
+PyStackRef_NotDeferred_AsPyObject(_PyStackRef stackref)
+{
+    assert(!PyStackRef_IsDeferred(stackref));
+    return (PyObject *)stackref.bits;
+}
+
+static inline PyObject *
+PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(_PyStackRef stackref)
+{
+    assert(!PyStackRef_IsNull(stackref));
+    if (PyStackRef_IsDeferred(stackref)) {
+        return Py_NewRef(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(stackref));
+    }
+    return PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(stackref);
+}
+
 static inline _PyStackRef
-_PyStackRef_StealRef(PyObject *obj)
+_PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(PyObject *obj)
 {
+    assert(obj != NULL);
     // Make sure we don't take an already tagged value.
-    assert(((uintptr_t)obj & Py_TAG_DEFERRED) == 0);
-    return ((_PyStackRef){.bits = ((uintptr_t)(obj))});
+    assert(((uintptr_t)obj & Py_TAG_BITS) == 0);
+    unsigned int tag = _Py_IsImmortal(obj) ? (Py_TAG_DEFERRED) : Py_TAG_PTR;
+    return ((_PyStackRef){.bits = ((uintptr_t)(obj)) | tag});
 }
-#   define PyStackRef_StealRef(obj) _PyStackRef_StealRef(_PyObject_CAST(obj))
-#else
-#   define PyStackRef_StealRef(obj) ((_PyStackRef){.bits = ((uintptr_t)(obj))})
-#endif
+#   define PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(obj) _PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(_PyObject_CAST(obj))
 
-// Converts a PyObject * to a PyStackRef, with a new reference
-#if defined(Py_GIL_DISABLED)
 static inline _PyStackRef
-_PyStackRef_NewRefDeferred(PyObject *obj)
+PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(PyObject *obj)
 {
     // Make sure we don't take an already tagged value.
-    assert(((uintptr_t)obj & Py_TAG_DEFERRED) == 0);
+    assert(((uintptr_t)obj & Py_TAG_BITS) == 0);
     assert(obj != NULL);
-    if (_PyObject_HasDeferredRefcount(obj)) {
+    if (_Py_IsImmortal(obj) || _PyObject_HasDeferredRefcount(obj)) {
         return (_PyStackRef){ .bits = (uintptr_t)obj | Py_TAG_DEFERRED };
     }
     else {
-        return (_PyStackRef){ .bits = (uintptr_t)Py_NewRef(obj) };
+        return (_PyStackRef){ .bits = (uintptr_t)(Py_NewRef(obj)) | Py_TAG_PTR };
     }
 }
-#   define PyStackRef_NewRefDeferred(obj) _PyStackRef_NewRefDeferred(_PyObject_CAST(obj))
-#else
-#   define PyStackRef_NewRefDeferred(obj) PyStackRef_NewRef(((_PyStackRef){.bits = ((uintptr_t)(obj))}))
-#endif
+#define PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(obj) PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(_PyObject_CAST(obj))
 
-#if defined(Py_GIL_DISABLED)
 static inline _PyStackRef
-_PyStackRef_XNewRefDeferred(PyObject *obj)
+PyStackRef_FromPyObjectImmortal(PyObject *obj)
 {
     // Make sure we don't take an already tagged value.
-    assert(((uintptr_t)obj & Py_TAG_DEFERRED) == 0);
-    if (obj == NULL) {
-        return Py_STACKREF_NULL;
-    }
-    return _PyStackRef_NewRefDeferred(obj);
+    assert(((uintptr_t)obj & Py_TAG_BITS) == 0);
+    assert(obj != NULL);
+    assert(_Py_IsImmortal(obj));
+    return (_PyStackRef){ .bits = (uintptr_t)obj | Py_TAG_DEFERRED };
 }
-#   define PyStackRef_XNewRefDeferred(obj) _PyStackRef_XNewRefDeferred(_PyObject_CAST(obj))
-#else
-#   define PyStackRef_XNewRefDeferred(obj) PyStackRef_XNewRef(((_PyStackRef){.bits = ((uintptr_t)(obj))}))
-#endif
+#define PyStackRef_FromPyObjectImmortal(obj) PyStackRef_FromPyObjectImmortal(_PyObject_CAST(obj))
 
-// Converts a PyStackRef back to a PyObject *.
-#if defined(Py_GIL_DISABLED)
-static inline PyObject *
-PyStackRef_StealObject(_PyStackRef tagged)
-{
-    if ((tagged.bits & Py_TAG_DEFERRED) == Py_TAG_DEFERRED) {
-        assert(_PyObject_HasDeferredRefcount(PyStackRef_Get(tagged)));
-        return Py_NewRef(PyStackRef_Get(tagged));
-    }
-    return PyStackRef_Get(tagged);
-}
-#else
-#   define PyStackRef_StealObject(tagged) PyStackRef_Get(tagged)
-#endif
+#define PyStackRef_CLOSE(REF)                                        \
+        do {                                                            \
+            _PyStackRef _close_tmp = (REF);                             \
+            assert(!PyStackRef_IsNull(_close_tmp));                     \
+            if (!PyStackRef_IsDeferred(_close_tmp)) {                   \
+                Py_DECREF(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(_close_tmp));     \
+            }                                                           \
+        } while (0)
 
-static inline void
-_Py_untag_stack_borrowed(PyObject **dst, const _PyStackRef *src, size_t length)
+static inline _PyStackRef
+PyStackRef_DUP(_PyStackRef stackref)
 {
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < length; i++) {
-        dst[i] = PyStackRef_Get(src[i]);
+    assert(!PyStackRef_IsNull(stackref));
+    if (PyStackRef_IsDeferred(stackref)) {
+        assert(_Py_IsImmortal(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(stackref)) ||
+               _PyObject_HasDeferredRefcount(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(stackref))
+        );
+        return stackref;
     }
+    Py_INCREF(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(stackref));
+    return stackref;
 }
 
-static inline void
-_Py_untag_stack_steal(PyObject **dst, const _PyStackRef *src, size_t length)
+// Convert a possibly deferred reference to a strong reference.
+static inline _PyStackRef
+PyStackRef_AsStrongReference(_PyStackRef stackref)
 {
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < length; i++) {
-        dst[i] = PyStackRef_StealObject(src[i]);
-    }
+    return PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(stackref));
 }
 
+#define PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED(stackref, dealloc) PyStackRef_CLOSE(stackref)
 
-#define PyStackRef_XSETREF(dst, src) \
-    do { \
-        _PyStackRef *_tmp_dst_ptr = &(dst); \
-        _PyStackRef _tmp_old_dst = (*_tmp_dst_ptr); \
-        *_tmp_dst_ptr = (src); \
-        PyStackRef_XDECREF(_tmp_old_dst); \
-    } while (0)
 
-#define PyStackRef_SETREF(dst, src) \
-    do { \
-        _PyStackRef *_tmp_dst_ptr = &(dst); \
-        _PyStackRef _tmp_old_dst = (*_tmp_dst_ptr); \
-        *_tmp_dst_ptr = (src); \
-        PyStackRef_DECREF(_tmp_old_dst); \
-    } while (0)
+#else // Py_GIL_DISABLED
+
+// With GIL
+static const _PyStackRef PyStackRef_NULL = { .bits = 0 };
+#define PyStackRef_IsNull(stackref) ((stackref).bits == 0)
+#define PyStackRef_True ((_PyStackRef){.bits = (uintptr_t)&_Py_TrueStruct })
+#define PyStackRef_False ((_PyStackRef){.bits = ((uintptr_t)&_Py_FalseStruct) })
+#define PyStackRef_None ((_PyStackRef){.bits = ((uintptr_t)&_Py_NoneStruct) })
+
+#define PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(stackref) ((PyObject *)(stackref).bits)
+
+#define PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(stackref) PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(stackref)
+
+#define PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(obj) ((_PyStackRef){.bits = ((uintptr_t)(obj))})
+
+#define PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(obj) ((_PyStackRef){ .bits = (uintptr_t)(Py_NewRef(obj)) })
+
+#define PyStackRef_FromPyObjectImmortal(obj) ((_PyStackRef){ .bits = (uintptr_t)(obj) })
+
+#define PyStackRef_CLOSE(stackref) Py_DECREF(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(stackref))
+
+#define PyStackRef_DUP(stackref) PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(Py_NewRef(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(stackref)))
+
+#define PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED(stackref, dealloc) _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(stackref), dealloc)
+
+#endif // Py_GIL_DISABLED
+
+// Note: this is a macro because MSVC (Windows) has trouble inlining it.
+
+#define PyStackRef_Is(a, b) ((a).bits == (b).bits)
+
+// Converts a PyStackRef back to a PyObject *, converting the
+// stackref to a new reference.
+#define PyStackRef_AsPyObjectNew(stackref) Py_NewRef(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(stackref))
+
+#define PyStackRef_TYPE(stackref) Py_TYPE(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(stackref))
 
 #define PyStackRef_CLEAR(op) \
     do { \
         _PyStackRef *_tmp_op_ptr = &(op); \
         _PyStackRef _tmp_old_op = (*_tmp_op_ptr); \
-        if (_tmp_old_op.bits != Py_STACKREF_NULL.bits) { \
-            *_tmp_op_ptr = Py_STACKREF_NULL; \
-            PyStackRef_DECREF(_tmp_old_op); \
+        if (!PyStackRef_IsNull(_tmp_old_op)) { \
+            *_tmp_op_ptr = PyStackRef_NULL; \
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(_tmp_old_op); \
         } \
     } while (0)
 
-#if defined(Py_GIL_DISABLED)
-static inline void
-PyStackRef_DECREF(_PyStackRef tagged)
+#define PyStackRef_XCLOSE(stackref) \
+    do {                            \
+        _PyStackRef _tmp = (stackref); \
+        if (!PyStackRef_IsNull(_tmp)) { \
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(_tmp); \
+        } \
+    } while (0);
+
+
+
+// StackRef type checks
+
+static inline bool
+PyStackRef_GenCheck(_PyStackRef stackref)
 {
-    if ((tagged.bits & Py_TAG_DEFERRED) == Py_TAG_DEFERRED) {
-        return;
-    }
-    Py_DECREF(PyStackRef_Get(tagged));
+    return PyGen_Check(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(stackref));
 }
-#else
-#   define PyStackRef_DECREF(op) Py_DECREF(PyStackRef_Get(op))
-#endif
 
-#if defined(Py_GIL_DISABLED)
-static inline void
-PyStackRef_INCREF(_PyStackRef tagged)
+static inline bool
+PyStackRef_BoolCheck(_PyStackRef stackref)
 {
-    if ((tagged.bits & Py_TAG_DEFERRED) == Py_TAG_DEFERRED) {
-        assert(_PyObject_HasDeferredRefcount(PyStackRef_Get(tagged)));
-        return;
-    }
-    Py_INCREF(PyStackRef_Get(tagged));
+    return PyBool_Check(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(stackref));
 }
-#else
-#   define PyStackRef_INCREF(op) Py_INCREF(PyStackRef_Get(op))
-#endif
 
-static inline void
-PyStackRef_XDECREF(_PyStackRef op)
+static inline bool
+PyStackRef_LongCheck(_PyStackRef stackref)
 {
-    if (op.bits != Py_STACKREF_NULL.bits) {
-        PyStackRef_DECREF(op);
-    }
+    return PyLong_Check(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(stackref));
 }
 
-static inline _PyStackRef
-PyStackRef_NewRef(_PyStackRef obj)
+static inline bool
+PyStackRef_ExceptionInstanceCheck(_PyStackRef stackref)
 {
-    PyStackRef_INCREF(obj);
-    return obj;
+    return PyExceptionInstance_Check(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(stackref));
 }
 
-static inline _PyStackRef
-PyStackRef_XNewRef(_PyStackRef obj)
+static inline bool
+PyStackRef_CodeCheck(_PyStackRef stackref)
 {
-    if (obj.bits == Py_STACKREF_NULL.bits) {
-        return obj;
-    }
-    return PyStackRef_NewRef(obj);
+    return PyCode_Check(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(stackref));
+}
+
+static inline bool
+PyStackRef_FunctionCheck(_PyStackRef stackref)
+{
+    return PyFunction_Check(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(stackref));
 }
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_symtable.h b/Include/internal/pycore_symtable.h
index ac6c499c08264e..7e3d45adcecc1a 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_symtable.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_symtable.h
@@ -12,14 +12,27 @@ struct _mod;   // Type defined in pycore_ast.h
 
 typedef enum _block_type {
     FunctionBlock, ClassBlock, ModuleBlock,
-    // Used for annotations if 'from __future__ import annotations' is active.
-    // Annotation blocks cannot bind names and are not evaluated.
+    // Used for annotations. If 'from __future__ import annotations' is active,
+    // annotation blocks cannot bind names and are not evaluated. Otherwise, they
+    // are lazily evaluated (see PEP 649).
     AnnotationBlock,
-    // Used for generics and type aliases. These work mostly like functions
-    // (see PEP 695 for details). The three different blocks function identically;
-    // they are different enum entries only so that error messages can be more
-    // precise.
-    TypeVarBoundBlock, TypeAliasBlock, TypeParamBlock
+
+    // The following blocks are used for generics and type aliases. These work
+    // mostly like functions (see PEP 695 for details). The three different
+    // blocks function identically; they are different enum entries only so
+    // that error messages can be more precise.
+
+    // The block to enter when processing a "type" (PEP 695) construction,
+    // e.g., "type MyGeneric[T] = list[T]".
+    TypeAliasBlock,
+    // The block to enter when processing a "generic" (PEP 695) object,
+    // e.g., "def foo[T](): pass" or "class A[T]: pass".
+    TypeParametersBlock,
+    // The block to enter when processing the bound, the constraint tuple
+    // or the default value of a single "type variable" in the formal sense,
+    // i.e., a TypeVar, a TypeVarTuple or a ParamSpec object (the latter two
+    // do not support a bound or a constraint tuple).
+    TypeVariableBlock,
 } _Py_block_ty;
 
 typedef enum _comprehension_type {
@@ -82,13 +95,20 @@ typedef struct _symtable_entry {
     PyObject *ste_children;  /* list of child blocks */
     PyObject *ste_directives;/* locations of global and nonlocal statements */
     PyObject *ste_mangled_names; /* set of names for which mangling should be applied */
+
     _Py_block_ty ste_type;
+    // Optional string set by symtable.c and used when reporting errors.
+    // The content of that string is a description of the current "context".
+    //
+    // For instance, if we are processing the default value of the type
+    // variable "T" in "def foo[T = int](): pass", `ste_scope_info` is
+    // set to "a TypeVar default".
+    const char *ste_scope_info;
+
     int ste_nested;      /* true if block is nested */
-    unsigned ste_free : 1;        /* true if block has free variables */
-    unsigned ste_child_free : 1;  /* true if a child block has free vars,
-                                     including free refs to globals */
     unsigned ste_generator : 1;   /* true if namespace is a generator */
     unsigned ste_coroutine : 1;   /* true if namespace is a coroutine */
+    unsigned ste_annotations_used : 1;  /* true if there are any annotations in this scope */
     _Py_comprehension_ty ste_comprehension;  /* Kind of comprehension (if any) */
     unsigned ste_varargs : 1;     /* true if block has varargs */
     unsigned ste_varkeywords : 1; /* true if block has varkeywords */
@@ -104,12 +124,8 @@ typedef struct _symtable_entry {
     unsigned ste_can_see_class_scope : 1; /* true if this block can see names bound in an
                                              enclosing class scope */
     int ste_comp_iter_expr; /* non-zero if visiting a comprehension range expression */
-    int ste_lineno;          /* first line of block */
-    int ste_col_offset;      /* offset of first line of block */
-    int ste_end_lineno;      /* end line of block */
-    int ste_end_col_offset;  /* end offset of first line of block */
-    int ste_opt_lineno;      /* lineno of last exec or import * */
-    int ste_opt_col_offset;  /* offset of last exec or import * */
+    _Py_SourceLocation ste_loc; /* source location of block */
+    struct _symtable_entry *ste_annotation_block; /* symbol table entry for this entry's annotations */
     struct symtable *ste_table;
 } PySTEntryObject;
 
@@ -126,6 +142,7 @@ extern struct symtable* _PySymtable_Build(
     PyObject *filename,
     _PyFutureFeatures *future);
 extern PySTEntryObject* _PySymtable_Lookup(struct symtable *, void *);
+extern int _PySymtable_LookupOptional(struct symtable *, void *, PySTEntryObject **);
 
 extern void _PySymtable_Free(struct symtable *);
 
@@ -139,7 +156,6 @@ extern PyObject* _Py_Mangle(PyObject *p, PyObject *name);
 #define DEF_PARAM (2<<1)         /* formal parameter */
 #define DEF_NONLOCAL (2<<2)      /* nonlocal stmt */
 #define USE (2<<3)               /* name is used */
-#define DEF_FREE (2<<4)          /* name used but not defined in nested block */
 #define DEF_FREE_CLASS (2<<5)    /* free variable from class's method */
 #define DEF_IMPORT (2<<6)        /* assignment occurred via import */
 #define DEF_ANNOT (2<<7)         /* this name is annotated */
@@ -150,11 +166,12 @@ extern PyObject* _Py_Mangle(PyObject *p, PyObject *name);
 #define DEF_BOUND (DEF_LOCAL | DEF_PARAM | DEF_IMPORT)
 
 /* GLOBAL_EXPLICIT and GLOBAL_IMPLICIT are used internally by the symbol
-   table.  GLOBAL is returned from PyST_GetScope() for either of them.
+   table.  GLOBAL is returned from _PyST_GetScope() for either of them.
    It is stored in ste_symbols at bits 13-16.
 */
 #define SCOPE_OFFSET 12
 #define SCOPE_MASK (DEF_GLOBAL | DEF_LOCAL | DEF_PARAM | DEF_NONLOCAL)
+#define SYMBOL_TO_SCOPE(S) (((S) >> SCOPE_OFFSET) & SCOPE_MASK)
 
 #define LOCAL 1
 #define GLOBAL_EXPLICIT 2
@@ -162,9 +179,6 @@ extern PyObject* _Py_Mangle(PyObject *p, PyObject *name);
 #define FREE 4
 #define CELL 5
 
-#define GENERATOR 1
-#define GENERATOR_EXPRESSION 2
-
 // Used by symtablemodule.c
 extern struct symtable* _Py_SymtableStringObjectFlags(
     const char *str,
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_sysmodule.h b/Include/internal/pycore_sysmodule.h
index 9b8eafd3d6cfd3..99968df54a45f6 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_sysmodule.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_sysmodule.h
@@ -14,21 +14,14 @@ PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject*) _PySys_GetAttr(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *name);
 // Export for '_pickle' shared extension
 PyAPI_FUNC(size_t) _PySys_GetSizeOf(PyObject *);
 
-extern int _PySys_Audit(
-    PyThreadState *tstate,
-    const char *event,
-    const char *argFormat,
-    ...);
-
-// _PySys_ClearAuditHooks() must not be exported: use extern rather than
-// PyAPI_FUNC(). We want minimal exposure of this function.
-extern void _PySys_ClearAuditHooks(PyThreadState *tstate);
-
 extern int _PySys_SetAttr(PyObject *, PyObject *);
 
 extern int _PySys_ClearAttrString(PyInterpreterState *interp,
                                   const char *name, int verbose);
 
+extern int _PySys_SetFlagObj(Py_ssize_t pos, PyObject *new_value);
+extern int _PySys_SetIntMaxStrDigits(int maxdigits);
+
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_time.h b/Include/internal/pycore_time.h
index 15806552e0a384..205ac5d3781ddd 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_time.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_time.h
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 // Time formats:
 //
 // * Seconds.
-// * Seconds as a floating point number (C double).
+// * Seconds as a floating-point number (C double).
 // * Milliseconds (10^-3 seconds).
 // * Microseconds (10^-6 seconds).
 // * 100 nanoseconds (10^-7 seconds), used on Windows.
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_tstate.h b/Include/internal/pycore_tstate.h
index 733e3172a1c0ff..e0e7d5ebf0912c 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_tstate.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_tstate.h
@@ -8,17 +8,10 @@ extern "C" {
 #  error "this header requires Py_BUILD_CORE define"
 #endif
 
-#include "pycore_brc.h"           // struct _brc_thread_state
-#include "pycore_freelist.h"      // struct _Py_freelist_state
-#include "pycore_mimalloc.h"      // struct _mimalloc_thread_state
-#include "pycore_qsbr.h"          // struct qsbr
-
-
-static inline void
-_PyThreadState_SetWhence(PyThreadState *tstate, int whence)
-{
-    tstate->_whence = whence;
-}
+#include "pycore_brc.h"             // struct _brc_thread_state
+#include "pycore_freelist_state.h"  // struct _Py_freelists
+#include "pycore_mimalloc.h"        // struct _mimalloc_thread_state
+#include "pycore_qsbr.h"            // struct qsbr
 
 
 // Every PyThreadState is actually allocated as a _PyThreadStateImpl. The
@@ -28,14 +21,29 @@ typedef struct _PyThreadStateImpl {
     // semi-public fields are in PyThreadState.
     PyThreadState base;
 
+    PyObject *asyncio_running_loop; // Strong reference
+
     struct _qsbr_thread_state *qsbr;  // only used by free-threaded build
     struct llist_node mem_free_queue; // delayed free queue
 
 #ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
     struct _gc_thread_state gc;
     struct _mimalloc_thread_state mimalloc;
-    struct _Py_object_freelists freelists;
+    struct _Py_freelists freelists;
     struct _brc_thread_state brc;
+    struct {
+        // The per-thread refcounts
+        Py_ssize_t *values;
+
+        // Size of the refcounts array.
+        Py_ssize_t size;
+
+        // If set, don't use per-thread refcounts
+        int is_finalized;
+    } refcounts;
+
+    // When >1, code objects do not immortalize their non-string constants.
+    int suppress_co_const_immortalization;
 #endif
 
 #if defined(Py_REF_DEBUG) && defined(Py_GIL_DISABLED)
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_tuple.h b/Include/internal/pycore_tuple.h
index 14a9e42c3a324c..dfbbd6fd0c7de5 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_tuple.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_tuple.h
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ extern PyStatus _PyTuple_InitGlobalObjects(PyInterpreterState *);
 #define _PyTuple_ITEMS(op) _Py_RVALUE(_PyTuple_CAST(op)->ob_item)
 
 extern PyObject *_PyTuple_FromArray(PyObject *const *, Py_ssize_t);
+PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *)_PyTuple_FromStackRefSteal(const union _PyStackRef *, Py_ssize_t);
 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *)_PyTuple_FromArraySteal(PyObject *const *, Py_ssize_t);
 
 typedef struct {
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_typeobject.h b/Include/internal/pycore_typeobject.h
index 8664ae0e44533f..118bc98b35d5e3 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_typeobject.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_typeobject.h
@@ -17,11 +17,25 @@ extern "C" {
 #define _Py_TYPE_BASE_VERSION_TAG (2<<16)
 #define _Py_MAX_GLOBAL_TYPE_VERSION_TAG (_Py_TYPE_BASE_VERSION_TAG - 1)
 
+/* For now we hard-code this to a value for which we are confident
+   all the static builtin types will fit (for all builds). */
+#define _Py_MAX_MANAGED_STATIC_BUILTIN_TYPES 200
+#define _Py_MAX_MANAGED_STATIC_EXT_TYPES 10
+#define _Py_MAX_MANAGED_STATIC_TYPES \
+    (_Py_MAX_MANAGED_STATIC_BUILTIN_TYPES + _Py_MAX_MANAGED_STATIC_EXT_TYPES)
+
 struct _types_runtime_state {
     /* Used to set PyTypeObject.tp_version_tag for core static types. */
     // bpo-42745: next_version_tag remains shared by all interpreters
     // because of static types.
     unsigned int next_version_tag;
+
+    struct {
+        struct {
+            PyTypeObject *type;
+            int64_t interp_count;
+        } types[_Py_MAX_MANAGED_STATIC_TYPES];
+    } managed_static;
 };
 
 
@@ -42,11 +56,6 @@ struct type_cache {
     struct type_cache_entry hashtable[1 << MCACHE_SIZE_EXP];
 };
 
-/* For now we hard-code this to a value for which we are confident
-   all the static builtin types will fit (for all builds). */
-#define _Py_MAX_MANAGED_STATIC_BUILTIN_TYPES 200
-#define _Py_MAX_MANAGED_STATIC_EXT_TYPES 10
-
 typedef struct {
     PyTypeObject *type;
     int isbuiltin;
@@ -63,6 +72,8 @@ typedef struct {
     PyObject *tp_weaklist;
 } managed_static_type_state;
 
+#define TYPE_VERSION_CACHE_SIZE (1<<12)  /* Must be a power of 2 */
+
 struct types_state {
     /* Used to set PyTypeObject.tp_version_tag.
        It starts at _Py_MAX_GLOBAL_TYPE_VERSION_TAG + 1,
@@ -118,6 +129,12 @@ struct types_state {
         managed_static_type_state initialized[_Py_MAX_MANAGED_STATIC_EXT_TYPES];
     } for_extensions;
     PyMutex mutex;
+
+    // Borrowed references to type objects whose
+    // tp_version_tag % TYPE_VERSION_CACHE_SIZE
+    // once was equal to the index in the table.
+    // They are cleared when the type object is deallocated.
+    PyTypeObject *type_version_cache[TYPE_VERSION_CACHE_SIZE];
 };
 
 
@@ -125,6 +142,7 @@ struct types_state {
 
 extern PyStatus _PyTypes_InitTypes(PyInterpreterState *);
 extern void _PyTypes_FiniTypes(PyInterpreterState *);
+extern void _PyTypes_FiniExtTypes(PyInterpreterState *interp);
 extern void _PyTypes_Fini(PyInterpreterState *);
 extern void _PyTypes_AfterFork(void);
 
@@ -163,10 +181,9 @@ extern managed_static_type_state * _PyStaticType_GetState(
 PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyStaticType_InitForExtension(
     PyInterpreterState *interp,
      PyTypeObject *self);
-PyAPI_FUNC(void) _PyStaticType_FiniForExtension(
-    PyInterpreterState *interp,
-     PyTypeObject *self,
-     int final);
+
+// Export for _testinternalcapi extension.
+PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _PyStaticType_GetBuiltins(void);
 
 
 /* Like PyType_GetModuleState, but skips verification
@@ -192,7 +209,9 @@ extern PyObject * _PyType_GetBases(PyTypeObject *type);
 extern PyObject * _PyType_GetMRO(PyTypeObject *type);
 extern PyObject* _PyType_GetSubclasses(PyTypeObject *);
 extern int _PyType_HasSubclasses(PyTypeObject *);
-PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _PyType_GetModuleByDef2(PyTypeObject *, PyTypeObject *, PyModuleDef *);
+
+// Export for _testinternalcapi extension.
+PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _PyType_GetSlotWrapperNames(void);
 
 // PyType_Ready() must be called if _PyType_IsReady() is false.
 // See also the Py_TPFLAGS_READY flag.
@@ -230,6 +249,9 @@ extern void _PyType_SetFlags(PyTypeObject *self, unsigned long mask,
 extern void _PyType_SetFlagsRecursive(PyTypeObject *self, unsigned long mask,
                                       unsigned long flags);
 
+extern unsigned int _PyType_GetVersionForCurrentState(PyTypeObject *tp);
+PyAPI_FUNC(void) _PyType_SetVersion(PyTypeObject *tp, unsigned int version);
+PyTypeObject *_PyType_LookupByVersion(unsigned int version);
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_typevarobject.h b/Include/internal/pycore_typevarobject.h
index a368edebd622a1..4d7556e68cdaee 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_typevarobject.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_typevarobject.h
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ extern PyObject *_Py_subscript_generic(PyThreadState *, PyObject *);
 extern PyObject *_Py_set_typeparam_default(PyThreadState *, PyObject *, PyObject *);
 extern int _Py_initialize_generic(PyInterpreterState *);
 extern void _Py_clear_generic_types(PyInterpreterState *);
+extern int _Py_typing_type_repr(PyUnicodeWriter *, PyObject *);
 
 extern PyTypeObject _PyTypeAlias_Type;
 extern PyTypeObject _PyNoDefault_Type;
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_unicodeobject.h b/Include/internal/pycore_unicodeobject.h
index 026d6e461f2108..a60372f58295a9 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_unicodeobject.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_unicodeobject.h
@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@ extern "C" {
 
 #include "pycore_lock.h"          // PyMutex
 #include "pycore_fileutils.h"     // _Py_error_handler
-#include "pycore_identifier.h"    // _Py_Identifier
 #include "pycore_ucnhash.h"       // _PyUnicode_Name_CAPI
+#include "pycore_global_objects.h"  // _Py_SINGLETON
 
 /* --- Characters Type APIs ----------------------------------------------- */
 
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(
 
 PyAPI_FUNC(void) _PyUnicode_ExactDealloc(PyObject *op);
 extern Py_ssize_t _PyUnicode_InternedSize(void);
+extern Py_ssize_t _PyUnicode_InternedSize_Immortal(void);
 
 // Get a copy of a Unicode string.
 // Export for '_datetime' shared extension.
@@ -251,11 +252,7 @@ extern Py_ssize_t _PyUnicode_InsertThousandsGrouping(
 
 extern PyObject* _PyUnicode_FormatLong(PyObject *, int, int, int);
 
-/* Fast equality check when the inputs are known to be exact unicode types
-   and where the hash values are equal (i.e. a very probable match) */
-extern int _PyUnicode_EQ(PyObject *, PyObject *);
-
-// Equality check.
+// Fast equality check when the inputs are known to be exact unicode types.
 // Export for '_pickle' shared extension.
 PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyUnicode_Equal(PyObject *, PyObject *);
 
@@ -275,6 +272,18 @@ extern void _PyUnicode_FiniTypes(PyInterpreterState *);
 
 extern PyTypeObject _PyUnicodeASCIIIter_Type;
 
+/* --- Interning ---------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+// All these are "ref-neutral", like the public PyUnicode_InternInPlace.
+
+// Explicit interning routines:
+PyAPI_FUNC(void) _PyUnicode_InternMortal(PyInterpreterState *interp, PyObject **);
+PyAPI_FUNC(void) _PyUnicode_InternImmortal(PyInterpreterState *interp, PyObject **);
+// Left here to help backporting:
+PyAPI_FUNC(void) _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(PyInterpreterState *interp, PyObject **p);
+// Only for singletons in the _PyRuntime struct:
+extern void _PyUnicode_InternStatic(PyInterpreterState *interp, PyObject **);
+
 /* --- Other API ---------------------------------------------------------- */
 
 struct _Py_unicode_runtime_ids {
@@ -311,7 +320,6 @@ struct _Py_unicode_state {
     struct _Py_unicode_ids ids;
 };
 
-extern void _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(PyInterpreterState *interp, PyObject **p);
 extern void _PyUnicode_ClearInterned(PyInterpreterState *interp);
 
 // Like PyUnicode_AsUTF8(), but check for embedded null characters.
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_unicodeobject_generated.h b/Include/internal/pycore_unicodeobject_generated.h
index b00119a1bad7ff..eb2eca06ec4d4f 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_unicodeobject_generated.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_unicodeobject_generated.h
@@ -13,2201 +13,2989 @@ static inline void
 _PyUnicode_InitStaticStrings(PyInterpreterState *interp) {
     PyObject *string;
     string = &_Py_ID(CANCELLED);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(FINISHED);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(False);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(JSONDecodeError);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(PENDING);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(Py_Repr);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(TextIOWrapper);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(True);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(WarningMessage);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
-    string = &_Py_ID(_);
-    assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(_WindowsConsoleIO);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__IOBase_closed);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__abc_tpflags__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__abs__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__abstractmethods__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__add__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__aenter__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__aexit__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__aiter__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__all__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__and__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__anext__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__annotate__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__annotations__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__args__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
-    string = &_Py_ID(__asyncio_running_event_loop__);
-    assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__await__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__bases__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__bool__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__buffer__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__build_class__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__builtins__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__bytes__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__call__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__cantrace__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__class__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__class_getitem__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__classcell__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__classdict__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__classdictcell__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__complex__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__contains__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
-    string = &_Py_ID(__copy__);
-    assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__ctypes_from_outparam__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__del__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__delattr__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__delete__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__delitem__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__dict__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__dictoffset__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__dir__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__divmod__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__doc__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__enter__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__eq__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__exit__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__file__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__firstlineno__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__float__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__floordiv__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__format__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__fspath__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__ge__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__get__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__getattr__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__getattribute__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__getinitargs__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__getitem__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__getnewargs__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__getnewargs_ex__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__getstate__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__gt__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__hash__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__iadd__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__iand__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__ifloordiv__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__ilshift__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__imatmul__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__imod__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__import__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__imul__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__index__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__init__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__init_subclass__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__instancecheck__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__int__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__invert__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__ior__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__ipow__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__irshift__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__isabstractmethod__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__isub__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__iter__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__itruediv__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__ixor__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__le__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__len__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__length_hint__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__lltrace__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__loader__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__lshift__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__lt__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__main__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__match_args__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__matmul__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__missing__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__mod__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__module__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__mro_entries__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__mul__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__name__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__ne__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__neg__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__new__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__newobj__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__newobj_ex__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__next__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__notes__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__or__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__orig_class__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__origin__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__package__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__parameters__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__path__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__pos__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__pow__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__prepare__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__qualname__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__radd__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__rand__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__rdivmod__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__reduce__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__reduce_ex__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__release_buffer__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__repr__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__reversed__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__rfloordiv__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__rlshift__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__rmatmul__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__rmod__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__rmul__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__ror__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__round__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__rpow__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__rrshift__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__rshift__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__rsub__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__rtruediv__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__rxor__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__set__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__set_name__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__setattr__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__setitem__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__setstate__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__sizeof__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__slotnames__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__slots__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__spec__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__static_attributes__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__str__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__sub__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__subclasscheck__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__subclasshook__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__truediv__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__type_params__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__typing_is_unpacked_typevartuple__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__typing_prepare_subst__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__typing_subst__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__typing_unpacked_tuple_args__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__warningregistry__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__weaklistoffset__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__weakref__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(__xor__);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(_abc_impl);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(_abstract_);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(_active);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
-    string = &_Py_ID(_align_);
-    assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
-    string = &_Py_ID(_annotation);
-    assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(_anonymous_);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(_argtypes_);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(_as_parameter_);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(_asyncio_future_blocking);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(_blksize);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(_bootstrap);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(_check_retval_);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(_dealloc_warn);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(_feature_version);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(_field_types);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(_fields_);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(_finalizing);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(_find_and_load);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(_fix_up_module);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(_flags_);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(_get_sourcefile);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(_handle_fromlist);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(_initializing);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(_io);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(_is_text_encoding);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
-    string = &_Py_ID(_layout_);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
+    string = &_Py_ID(_isatty_open_only);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(_length_);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(_limbo);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(_lock_unlock_module);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(_loop);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(_needs_com_addref_);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
-    string = &_Py_ID(_pack_);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
+    string = &_Py_ID(_only_immortal);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(_restype_);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(_showwarnmsg);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(_shutdown);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(_slotnames);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
+    assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
+    string = &_Py_ID(_strptime);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
+    assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
+    string = &_Py_ID(_strptime_datetime_date);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
-    string = &_Py_ID(_strptime_datetime);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
+    string = &_Py_ID(_strptime_datetime_datetime);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
-    string = &_Py_ID(_swappedbytes_);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
+    string = &_Py_ID(_strptime_datetime_time);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(_type_);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(_uninitialized_submodules);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(_warn_unawaited_coroutine);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(_xoptions);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
-    string = &_Py_ID(a);
-    assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(abs_tol);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(access);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(aclose);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(add);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(add_done_callback);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(after_in_child);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(after_in_parent);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(aggregate_class);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(alias);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
+    assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
+    string = &_Py_ID(align);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(allow_code);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(append);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(arg);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(argdefs);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(args);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(arguments);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(argv);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(as_integer_ratio);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(asend);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(ast);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(athrow);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(attribute);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(authorizer_callback);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(autocommit);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
-    string = &_Py_ID(b);
-    assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(backtick);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(base);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(before);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(big);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(binary_form);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
+    string = &_Py_ID(bit_size);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
+    assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(block);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(bound);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(buffer);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(buffer_callback);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(buffer_size);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(buffering);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(buffers);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(bufsize);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(builtins);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(byteorder);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(bytes);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(bytes_per_sep);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
-    string = &_Py_ID(c);
-    assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(c_call);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(c_exception);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(c_return);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(cached_datetime_module);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(cached_statements);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(cadata);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(cafile);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(call);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(call_exception_handler);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(call_soon);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(callback);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(cancel);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(capath);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(category);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(cb_type);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(certfile);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(check_same_thread);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(clear);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(close);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(closed);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(closefd);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(closure);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(co_argcount);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(co_cellvars);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(co_code);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(co_consts);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(co_exceptiontable);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(co_filename);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(co_firstlineno);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(co_flags);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(co_freevars);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(co_kwonlyargcount);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(co_linetable);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(co_name);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(co_names);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(co_nlocals);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(co_posonlyargcount);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(co_qualname);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(co_stacksize);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(co_varnames);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(code);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(col_offset);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(command);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(comment_factory);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(compile_mode);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(consts);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(context);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(contravariant);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(cookie);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(copy);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(copyreg);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(coro);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(count);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(covariant);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(cwd);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
-    string = &_Py_ID(d);
-    assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(data);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(database);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(day);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(decode);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(decoder);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(default);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(defaultaction);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(delete);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(depth);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(desired_access);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(detect_types);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(deterministic);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(device);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(dict);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(dictcomp);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(difference_update);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(digest);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(digest_size);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(digestmod);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(dir_fd);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(discard);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(dispatch_table);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(displayhook);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(dklen);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(doc);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
+    string = &_Py_ID(done);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
+    assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(dont_inherit);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(dst);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(dst_dir_fd);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
-    string = &_Py_ID(e);
-    assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(eager_start);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(effective_ids);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(element_factory);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(encode);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(encoding);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(end);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(end_col_offset);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(end_lineno);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(end_offset);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(endpos);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(entrypoint);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(env);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(errors);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(event);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(eventmask);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(exc_type);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(exc_value);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(excepthook);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(exception);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(existing_file_name);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(exp);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(extend);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(extra_tokens);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
-    string = &_Py_ID(f);
-    assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(facility);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(factory);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(false);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(family);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(fanout);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(fd);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(fd2);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(fdel);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(fget);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
+    string = &_Py_ID(fields);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
+    assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(file);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(file_actions);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(filename);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(fileno);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(filepath);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(fillvalue);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(filter);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(filters);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(final);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(find_class);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(fix_imports);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(flags);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(flush);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(fold);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(follow_symlinks);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(format);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
+    assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
+    string = &_Py_ID(format_spec);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(from_param);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(fromlist);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(fromtimestamp);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(fromutc);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(fset);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(func);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(future);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
-    string = &_Py_ID(g);
-    assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(generation);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(genexpr);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(get);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(get_debug);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(get_event_loop);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(get_loop);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(get_source);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(getattr);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(getstate);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(gid);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(globals);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(groupindex);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(groups);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
-    string = &_Py_ID(h);
-    assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(handle);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(handle_seq);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(has_location);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(hash_name);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(header);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(headers);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(hi);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(hook);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(hour);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(ident);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(identity_hint);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(ignore);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(imag);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(importlib);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(in_fd);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(incoming);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
+    assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
+    string = &_Py_ID(index);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(indexgroup);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(inf);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(infer_variance);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(inherit_handle);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(inheritable);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(initial);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(initial_bytes);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(initial_owner);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(initial_state);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(initial_value);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(initval);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(inner_size);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(input);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(insert_comments);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(insert_pis);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(instructions);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(intern);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(intersection);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(interval);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(is_running);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
+    assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
+    string = &_Py_ID(is_struct);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(isatty);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(isinstance);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(isoformat);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(isolation_level);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(istext);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(item);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(items);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(iter);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(iterable);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(iterations);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(join);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(jump);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(keepends);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(key);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(keyfile);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(keys);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(kind);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(kw);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(kw1);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(kw2);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(kwdefaults);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(label);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(lambda);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(last);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(last_exc);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(last_node);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(last_traceback);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(last_type);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(last_value);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(latin1);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(leaf_size);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(len);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(length);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(level);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(limit);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(line);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(line_buffering);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(lineno);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(listcomp);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(little);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(lo);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(locale);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(locals);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(logoption);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(loop);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(manual_reset);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(mapping);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(match);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(max_length);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(maxdigits);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(maxevents);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(maxlen);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(maxmem);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(maxsplit);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(maxvalue);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(memLevel);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(memlimit);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(message);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(metaclass);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(metadata);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(method);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(microsecond);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(milliseconds);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(minute);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(mod);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(mode);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(module);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(module_globals);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(modules);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(month);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(mro);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(msg);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(mutex);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(mycmp);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
-    string = &_Py_ID(n);
-    assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(n_arg);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(n_fields);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(n_sequence_fields);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(n_unnamed_fields);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(name);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(name_from);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(namespace_separator);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(namespaces);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(narg);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(ndigits);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(nested);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(new_file_name);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(new_limit);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(newline);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(newlines);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(next);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(nlocals);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(node_depth);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(node_offset);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(ns);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(nstype);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(nt);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(null);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(number);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(obj);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(object);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(offset);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(offset_dst);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(offset_src);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(on_type_read);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(onceregistry);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(only_keys);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(oparg);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(opcode);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(open);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(opener);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(operation);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(optimize);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(options);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(order);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(origin);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(out_fd);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(outgoing);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(overlapped);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(owner);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
-    string = &_Py_ID(p);
-    assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(pages);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(parent);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(password);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(path);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(pattern);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(peek);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(persistent_id);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(persistent_load);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(person);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(pi_factory);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(pid);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(policy);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(pos);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(pos1);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(pos2);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(posix);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(print_file_and_line);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(priority);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(progress);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(progress_handler);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(progress_routine);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(proto);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(protocol);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(ps1);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(ps2);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(query);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(quotetabs);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
-    string = &_Py_ID(r);
-    assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(raw);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(read);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(read1);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(readable);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(readall);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(readinto);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(readinto1);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(readline);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(readonly);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(real);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(reducer_override);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(registry);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(rel_tol);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(release);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(reload);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(repl);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(replace);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(reserved);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(reset);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(resetids);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(return);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(reverse);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(reversed);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
-    string = &_Py_ID(s);
-    assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(salt);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(sched_priority);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(scheduler);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(second);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(security_attributes);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(seek);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(seekable);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(selectors);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(self);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(send);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(sep);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(sequence);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(server_hostname);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(server_side);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(session);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(setcomp);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(setpgroup);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(setsid);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(setsigdef);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(setsigmask);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(setstate);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(shape);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(show_cmd);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(signed);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(size);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(sizehint);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(skip_file_prefixes);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(sleep);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(sock);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(sort);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(source);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(source_traceback);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(spam);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(src);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(src_dir_fd);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(stacklevel);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(start);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(statement);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(status);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(stderr);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(stdin);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(stdout);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(step);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(steps);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(store_name);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(strategy);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(strftime);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(strict);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(strict_mode);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(string);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(sub_key);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(symmetric_difference_update);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(tabsize);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(tag);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(target);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(target_is_directory);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(task);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(tb_frame);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(tb_lasti);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(tb_lineno);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(tb_next);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(tell);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(template);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(term);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(text);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(threading);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(throw);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(timeout);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(times);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(timetuple);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(top);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(trace_callback);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(traceback);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(trailers);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(translate);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(true);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(truncate);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(twice);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(txt);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(type);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(type_params);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(tz);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(tzinfo);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(tzname);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(uid);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(unlink);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(unraisablehook);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(uri);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(usedforsecurity);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(value);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(values);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(version);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(volume);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(wait_all);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(warn_on_full_buffer);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(warnings);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(warnoptions);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(wbits);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(week);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(weekday);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(which);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(who);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(withdata);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(writable);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(write);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(write_through);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
-    string = &_Py_ID(x);
-    assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(year);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
     string = &_Py_ID(zdict);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
+    assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
+    string = &_Py_STR(empty);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
+    assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
+    string = &_Py_STR(dbl_percent);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
+    assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
+    string = &_Py_STR(dot_locals);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
+    assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
+    string = &_Py_STR(defaults);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
+    assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
+    string = &_Py_STR(format);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
+    assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
+    string = &_Py_STR(generic_base);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
+    assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
+    string = &_Py_STR(kwdefaults);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
+    assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
+    string = &_Py_STR(type_params);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
+    assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
+    string = &_Py_STR(str_replace_inf);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
+    assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
+    string = &_Py_STR(anon_null);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
+    assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
+    string = &_Py_STR(anon_dictcomp);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
+    assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
+    string = &_Py_STR(anon_genexpr);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
+    assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
+    string = &_Py_STR(anon_lambda);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
+    assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
+    string = &_Py_STR(anon_listcomp);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
+    assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
+    string = &_Py_STR(anon_module);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
+    assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
+    string = &_Py_STR(anon_setcomp);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
+    assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
+    string = &_Py_STR(anon_string);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
+    assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
+    string = &_Py_STR(anon_unknown);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
+    assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
+    string = &_Py_STR(json_decoder);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
+    assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
+    string = &_Py_STR(list_err);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
+    assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
+    string = &_Py_STR(utf_8);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
+    assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
+    string = &_Py_STR(dbl_open_br);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
+    assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
+    string = &_Py_STR(dbl_close_br);
+    _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);
+    assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);
 }
 /* End auto-generated code */
 #ifdef __cplusplus
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_uniqueid.h b/Include/internal/pycore_uniqueid.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..d3db49ddb78103
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_uniqueid.h
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+#ifndef Py_INTERNAL_UNIQUEID_H
+#define Py_INTERNAL_UNIQUEID_H
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+#ifndef Py_BUILD_CORE
+#  error "this header requires Py_BUILD_CORE define"
+#endif
+
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+
+// This contains code for allocating unique ids to objects for per-thread
+// reference counting.
+//
+// Per-thread reference counting is used along with deferred reference
+// counting to avoid scaling bottlenecks due to reference count contention.
+//
+// An id of -1 is used to indicate that an object doesn't use per-thread
+// refcounting. This value is used when the object is finalized by the GC
+// and during interpreter shutdown to allow the object to be
+// deallocated promptly when the object's refcount reaches zero.
+//
+// Each entry implicitly represents a unique id based on its offset in the
+// table. Non-allocated entries form a free-list via the 'next' pointer.
+// Allocated entries store the corresponding PyObject.
+typedef union _Py_unique_id_entry {
+    // Points to the next free type id, when part of the freelist
+    union _Py_unique_id_entry *next;
+
+    // Stores the object when the id is assigned
+    PyObject *obj;
+} _Py_unique_id_entry;
+
+struct _Py_unique_id_pool {
+    PyMutex mutex;
+
+    // combined table of object with allocated unique ids and unallocated ids.
+    _Py_unique_id_entry *table;
+
+    // Next entry to allocate inside 'table' or NULL
+    _Py_unique_id_entry *freelist;
+
+    // size of 'table'
+    Py_ssize_t size;
+};
+
+// Assigns the next id from the pool of ids.
+extern Py_ssize_t _PyObject_AssignUniqueId(PyObject *obj);
+
+// Releases the allocated id back to the pool.
+extern void _PyObject_ReleaseUniqueId(Py_ssize_t unique_id);
+
+// Releases the allocated id back to the pool.
+extern void _PyObject_DisablePerThreadRefcounting(PyObject *obj);
+
+// Merges the per-thread reference counts into the corresponding objects.
+extern void _PyObject_MergePerThreadRefcounts(_PyThreadStateImpl *tstate);
+
+// Like _PyObject_MergePerThreadRefcounts, but also frees the per-thread
+// array of refcounts.
+extern void _PyObject_FinalizePerThreadRefcounts(_PyThreadStateImpl *tstate);
+
+// Frees the interpreter's pool of type ids.
+extern void _PyObject_FinalizeUniqueIdPool(PyInterpreterState *interp);
+
+// Increfs the object, resizing the thread-local refcount array if necessary.
+PyAPI_FUNC(void) _PyObject_ThreadIncrefSlow(PyObject *obj, Py_ssize_t unique_id);
+
+#endif   /* Py_GIL_DISABLED */
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+#endif   /* !Py_INTERNAL_UNIQUEID_H */
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_uop_ids.h b/Include/internal/pycore_uop_ids.h
index 19e2b823ed0140..1951c65a2871cf 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_uop_ids.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_uop_ids.h
@@ -11,266 +11,282 @@ extern "C" {
 
 #define _EXIT_TRACE 300
 #define _SET_IP 301
-#define _BEFORE_ASYNC_WITH BEFORE_ASYNC_WITH
-#define _BEFORE_WITH BEFORE_WITH
 #define _BINARY_OP 302
 #define _BINARY_OP_ADD_FLOAT 303
 #define _BINARY_OP_ADD_INT 304
 #define _BINARY_OP_ADD_UNICODE 305
-#define _BINARY_OP_MULTIPLY_FLOAT 306
-#define _BINARY_OP_MULTIPLY_INT 307
-#define _BINARY_OP_SUBTRACT_FLOAT 308
-#define _BINARY_OP_SUBTRACT_INT 309
-#define _BINARY_SLICE BINARY_SLICE
-#define _BINARY_SUBSCR 310
+#define _BINARY_OP_INPLACE_ADD_UNICODE 306
+#define _BINARY_OP_MULTIPLY_FLOAT 307
+#define _BINARY_OP_MULTIPLY_INT 308
+#define _BINARY_OP_SUBTRACT_FLOAT 309
+#define _BINARY_OP_SUBTRACT_INT 310
+#define _BINARY_SLICE 311
+#define _BINARY_SUBSCR 312
+#define _BINARY_SUBSCR_CHECK_FUNC 313
 #define _BINARY_SUBSCR_DICT BINARY_SUBSCR_DICT
-#define _BINARY_SUBSCR_GETITEM BINARY_SUBSCR_GETITEM
+#define _BINARY_SUBSCR_INIT_CALL 314
 #define _BINARY_SUBSCR_LIST_INT BINARY_SUBSCR_LIST_INT
 #define _BINARY_SUBSCR_STR_INT BINARY_SUBSCR_STR_INT
 #define _BINARY_SUBSCR_TUPLE_INT BINARY_SUBSCR_TUPLE_INT
-#define _BUILD_CONST_KEY_MAP BUILD_CONST_KEY_MAP
 #define _BUILD_LIST BUILD_LIST
 #define _BUILD_MAP BUILD_MAP
 #define _BUILD_SET BUILD_SET
 #define _BUILD_SLICE BUILD_SLICE
 #define _BUILD_STRING BUILD_STRING
 #define _BUILD_TUPLE BUILD_TUPLE
-#define _CALL 311
-#define _CALL_ALLOC_AND_ENTER_INIT CALL_ALLOC_AND_ENTER_INIT
-#define _CALL_BUILTIN_CLASS 312
-#define _CALL_BUILTIN_FAST 313
-#define _CALL_BUILTIN_FAST_WITH_KEYWORDS 314
-#define _CALL_BUILTIN_O 315
-#define _CALL_FUNCTION_EX CALL_FUNCTION_EX
+#define _CALL_BUILTIN_CLASS 315
+#define _CALL_BUILTIN_FAST 316
+#define _CALL_BUILTIN_FAST_WITH_KEYWORDS 317
+#define _CALL_BUILTIN_O 318
 #define _CALL_INTRINSIC_1 CALL_INTRINSIC_1
 #define _CALL_INTRINSIC_2 CALL_INTRINSIC_2
 #define _CALL_ISINSTANCE CALL_ISINSTANCE
-#define _CALL_KW CALL_KW
+#define _CALL_KW_NON_PY 319
 #define _CALL_LEN CALL_LEN
-#define _CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_FAST 316
-#define _CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_FAST_WITH_KEYWORDS 317
-#define _CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_NOARGS 318
-#define _CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_O 319
-#define _CALL_NON_PY_GENERAL 320
-#define _CALL_STR_1 321
-#define _CALL_TUPLE_1 322
+#define _CALL_LIST_APPEND CALL_LIST_APPEND
+#define _CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_FAST 320
+#define _CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_FAST_WITH_KEYWORDS 321
+#define _CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_NOARGS 322
+#define _CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_O 323
+#define _CALL_NON_PY_GENERAL 324
+#define _CALL_STR_1 325
+#define _CALL_TUPLE_1 326
 #define _CALL_TYPE_1 CALL_TYPE_1
-#define _CHECK_ATTR_CLASS 323
-#define _CHECK_ATTR_METHOD_LAZY_DICT 324
-#define _CHECK_ATTR_MODULE 325
-#define _CHECK_ATTR_WITH_HINT 326
-#define _CHECK_CALL_BOUND_METHOD_EXACT_ARGS 327
+#define _CHECK_AND_ALLOCATE_OBJECT 327
+#define _CHECK_ATTR_CLASS 328
+#define _CHECK_ATTR_METHOD_LAZY_DICT 329
+#define _CHECK_ATTR_MODULE 330
+#define _CHECK_ATTR_WITH_HINT 331
+#define _CHECK_CALL_BOUND_METHOD_EXACT_ARGS 332
 #define _CHECK_EG_MATCH CHECK_EG_MATCH
 #define _CHECK_EXC_MATCH CHECK_EXC_MATCH
-#define _CHECK_FUNCTION 328
-#define _CHECK_FUNCTION_EXACT_ARGS 329
-#define _CHECK_FUNCTION_VERSION 330
-#define _CHECK_IS_NOT_PY_CALLABLE 331
-#define _CHECK_MANAGED_OBJECT_HAS_VALUES 332
-#define _CHECK_METHOD_VERSION 333
-#define _CHECK_PEP_523 334
-#define _CHECK_PERIODIC 335
-#define _CHECK_STACK_SPACE 336
-#define _CHECK_STACK_SPACE_OPERAND 337
-#define _CHECK_VALIDITY 338
-#define _CHECK_VALIDITY_AND_SET_IP 339
-#define _COLD_EXIT 340
-#define _COMPARE_OP 341
-#define _COMPARE_OP_FLOAT 342
-#define _COMPARE_OP_INT 343
-#define _COMPARE_OP_STR 344
-#define _CONTAINS_OP 345
+#define _CHECK_FUNCTION 333
+#define _CHECK_FUNCTION_EXACT_ARGS 334
+#define _CHECK_FUNCTION_VERSION 335
+#define _CHECK_FUNCTION_VERSION_KW 336
+#define _CHECK_IS_NOT_PY_CALLABLE 337
+#define _CHECK_IS_NOT_PY_CALLABLE_KW 338
+#define _CHECK_MANAGED_OBJECT_HAS_VALUES 339
+#define _CHECK_METHOD_VERSION 340
+#define _CHECK_METHOD_VERSION_KW 341
+#define _CHECK_PEP_523 342
+#define _CHECK_PERIODIC 343
+#define _CHECK_PERIODIC_IF_NOT_YIELD_FROM 344
+#define _CHECK_STACK_SPACE 345
+#define _CHECK_STACK_SPACE_OPERAND 346
+#define _CHECK_VALIDITY 347
+#define _CHECK_VALIDITY_AND_SET_IP 348
+#define _COMPARE_OP 349
+#define _COMPARE_OP_FLOAT 350
+#define _COMPARE_OP_INT 351
+#define _COMPARE_OP_STR 352
+#define _CONTAINS_OP 353
 #define _CONTAINS_OP_DICT CONTAINS_OP_DICT
 #define _CONTAINS_OP_SET CONTAINS_OP_SET
 #define _CONVERT_VALUE CONVERT_VALUE
 #define _COPY COPY
 #define _COPY_FREE_VARS COPY_FREE_VARS
+#define _CREATE_INIT_FRAME 354
 #define _DELETE_ATTR DELETE_ATTR
 #define _DELETE_DEREF DELETE_DEREF
 #define _DELETE_FAST DELETE_FAST
 #define _DELETE_GLOBAL DELETE_GLOBAL
 #define _DELETE_NAME DELETE_NAME
 #define _DELETE_SUBSCR DELETE_SUBSCR
-#define _DEOPT 346
+#define _DEOPT 355
 #define _DICT_MERGE DICT_MERGE
 #define _DICT_UPDATE DICT_UPDATE
-#define _DYNAMIC_EXIT 347
+#define _DO_CALL 356
+#define _DO_CALL_FUNCTION_EX 357
+#define _DO_CALL_KW 358
+#define _DYNAMIC_EXIT 359
 #define _END_SEND END_SEND
-#define _ERROR_POP_N 348
+#define _ERROR_POP_N 360
 #define _EXIT_INIT_CHECK EXIT_INIT_CHECK
-#define _EXPAND_METHOD 349
-#define _FATAL_ERROR 350
+#define _EXPAND_METHOD 361
+#define _EXPAND_METHOD_KW 362
+#define _FATAL_ERROR 363
 #define _FORMAT_SIMPLE FORMAT_SIMPLE
 #define _FORMAT_WITH_SPEC FORMAT_WITH_SPEC
-#define _FOR_ITER 351
-#define _FOR_ITER_GEN_FRAME 352
-#define _FOR_ITER_TIER_TWO 353
+#define _FOR_ITER 364
+#define _FOR_ITER_GEN_FRAME 365
+#define _FOR_ITER_TIER_TWO 366
 #define _GET_AITER GET_AITER
 #define _GET_ANEXT GET_ANEXT
 #define _GET_AWAITABLE GET_AWAITABLE
 #define _GET_ITER GET_ITER
 #define _GET_LEN GET_LEN
 #define _GET_YIELD_FROM_ITER GET_YIELD_FROM_ITER
-#define _GUARD_BOTH_FLOAT 354
-#define _GUARD_BOTH_INT 355
-#define _GUARD_BOTH_UNICODE 356
-#define _GUARD_BUILTINS_VERSION 357
-#define _GUARD_DORV_NO_DICT 358
-#define _GUARD_DORV_VALUES_INST_ATTR_FROM_DICT 359
-#define _GUARD_GLOBALS_VERSION 360
-#define _GUARD_IS_FALSE_POP 361
-#define _GUARD_IS_NONE_POP 362
-#define _GUARD_IS_NOT_NONE_POP 363
-#define _GUARD_IS_TRUE_POP 364
-#define _GUARD_KEYS_VERSION 365
-#define _GUARD_NOS_FLOAT 366
-#define _GUARD_NOS_INT 367
-#define _GUARD_NOT_EXHAUSTED_LIST 368
-#define _GUARD_NOT_EXHAUSTED_RANGE 369
-#define _GUARD_NOT_EXHAUSTED_TUPLE 370
-#define _GUARD_TOS_FLOAT 371
-#define _GUARD_TOS_INT 372
-#define _GUARD_TYPE_VERSION 373
-#define _INIT_CALL_BOUND_METHOD_EXACT_ARGS 374
-#define _INIT_CALL_PY_EXACT_ARGS 375
-#define _INIT_CALL_PY_EXACT_ARGS_0 376
-#define _INIT_CALL_PY_EXACT_ARGS_1 377
-#define _INIT_CALL_PY_EXACT_ARGS_2 378
-#define _INIT_CALL_PY_EXACT_ARGS_3 379
-#define _INIT_CALL_PY_EXACT_ARGS_4 380
-#define _INSTRUMENTED_CALL INSTRUMENTED_CALL
+#define _GUARD_BOTH_FLOAT 367
+#define _GUARD_BOTH_INT 368
+#define _GUARD_BOTH_UNICODE 369
+#define _GUARD_BUILTINS_VERSION_PUSH_KEYS 370
+#define _GUARD_DORV_NO_DICT 371
+#define _GUARD_DORV_VALUES_INST_ATTR_FROM_DICT 372
+#define _GUARD_GLOBALS_VERSION 373
+#define _GUARD_GLOBALS_VERSION_PUSH_KEYS 374
+#define _GUARD_IS_FALSE_POP 375
+#define _GUARD_IS_NONE_POP 376
+#define _GUARD_IS_NOT_NONE_POP 377
+#define _GUARD_IS_TRUE_POP 378
+#define _GUARD_KEYS_VERSION 379
+#define _GUARD_NOS_FLOAT 380
+#define _GUARD_NOS_INT 381
+#define _GUARD_NOT_EXHAUSTED_LIST 382
+#define _GUARD_NOT_EXHAUSTED_RANGE 383
+#define _GUARD_NOT_EXHAUSTED_TUPLE 384
+#define _GUARD_TOS_FLOAT 385
+#define _GUARD_TOS_INT 386
+#define _GUARD_TYPE_VERSION 387
+#define _IMPORT_FROM IMPORT_FROM
+#define _IMPORT_NAME IMPORT_NAME
+#define _INIT_CALL_BOUND_METHOD_EXACT_ARGS 388
+#define _INIT_CALL_PY_EXACT_ARGS 389
+#define _INIT_CALL_PY_EXACT_ARGS_0 390
+#define _INIT_CALL_PY_EXACT_ARGS_1 391
+#define _INIT_CALL_PY_EXACT_ARGS_2 392
+#define _INIT_CALL_PY_EXACT_ARGS_3 393
+#define _INIT_CALL_PY_EXACT_ARGS_4 394
 #define _INSTRUMENTED_CALL_FUNCTION_EX INSTRUMENTED_CALL_FUNCTION_EX
 #define _INSTRUMENTED_CALL_KW INSTRUMENTED_CALL_KW
 #define _INSTRUMENTED_FOR_ITER INSTRUMENTED_FOR_ITER
 #define _INSTRUMENTED_INSTRUCTION INSTRUMENTED_INSTRUCTION
-#define _INSTRUMENTED_JUMP_BACKWARD INSTRUMENTED_JUMP_BACKWARD
 #define _INSTRUMENTED_JUMP_FORWARD INSTRUMENTED_JUMP_FORWARD
+#define _INSTRUMENTED_LINE INSTRUMENTED_LINE
 #define _INSTRUMENTED_LOAD_SUPER_ATTR INSTRUMENTED_LOAD_SUPER_ATTR
 #define _INSTRUMENTED_POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE INSTRUMENTED_POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE
 #define _INSTRUMENTED_POP_JUMP_IF_NONE INSTRUMENTED_POP_JUMP_IF_NONE
 #define _INSTRUMENTED_POP_JUMP_IF_NOT_NONE INSTRUMENTED_POP_JUMP_IF_NOT_NONE
 #define _INSTRUMENTED_POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE INSTRUMENTED_POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE
-#define _INSTRUMENTED_RESUME INSTRUMENTED_RESUME
-#define _INSTRUMENTED_RETURN_CONST INSTRUMENTED_RETURN_CONST
-#define _INSTRUMENTED_RETURN_VALUE INSTRUMENTED_RETURN_VALUE
-#define _INSTRUMENTED_YIELD_VALUE INSTRUMENTED_YIELD_VALUE
-#define _INTERNAL_INCREMENT_OPT_COUNTER 381
-#define _IS_NONE 382
+#define _INTERNAL_INCREMENT_OPT_COUNTER 395
+#define _IS_NONE 396
 #define _IS_OP IS_OP
-#define _ITER_CHECK_LIST 383
-#define _ITER_CHECK_RANGE 384
-#define _ITER_CHECK_TUPLE 385
-#define _ITER_JUMP_LIST 386
-#define _ITER_JUMP_RANGE 387
-#define _ITER_JUMP_TUPLE 388
-#define _ITER_NEXT_LIST 389
-#define _ITER_NEXT_RANGE 390
-#define _ITER_NEXT_TUPLE 391
-#define _JUMP_TO_TOP 392
+#define _ITER_CHECK_LIST 397
+#define _ITER_CHECK_RANGE 398
+#define _ITER_CHECK_TUPLE 399
+#define _ITER_JUMP_LIST 400
+#define _ITER_JUMP_RANGE 401
+#define _ITER_JUMP_TUPLE 402
+#define _ITER_NEXT_LIST 403
+#define _ITER_NEXT_RANGE 404
+#define _ITER_NEXT_TUPLE 405
+#define _JUMP_TO_TOP 406
 #define _LIST_APPEND LIST_APPEND
 #define _LIST_EXTEND LIST_EXTEND
-#define _LOAD_ATTR 393
-#define _LOAD_ATTR_CLASS 394
-#define _LOAD_ATTR_CLASS_0 395
-#define _LOAD_ATTR_CLASS_1 396
+#define _LOAD_ATTR 407
+#define _LOAD_ATTR_CLASS 408
+#define _LOAD_ATTR_CLASS_0 409
+#define _LOAD_ATTR_CLASS_1 410
 #define _LOAD_ATTR_GETATTRIBUTE_OVERRIDDEN LOAD_ATTR_GETATTRIBUTE_OVERRIDDEN
-#define _LOAD_ATTR_INSTANCE_VALUE 397
-#define _LOAD_ATTR_INSTANCE_VALUE_0 398
-#define _LOAD_ATTR_INSTANCE_VALUE_1 399
-#define _LOAD_ATTR_METHOD_LAZY_DICT 400
-#define _LOAD_ATTR_METHOD_NO_DICT 401
-#define _LOAD_ATTR_METHOD_WITH_VALUES 402
-#define _LOAD_ATTR_MODULE 403
-#define _LOAD_ATTR_NONDESCRIPTOR_NO_DICT 404
-#define _LOAD_ATTR_NONDESCRIPTOR_WITH_VALUES 405
-#define _LOAD_ATTR_PROPERTY LOAD_ATTR_PROPERTY
-#define _LOAD_ATTR_SLOT 406
-#define _LOAD_ATTR_SLOT_0 407
-#define _LOAD_ATTR_SLOT_1 408
-#define _LOAD_ATTR_WITH_HINT 409
+#define _LOAD_ATTR_INSTANCE_VALUE 411
+#define _LOAD_ATTR_INSTANCE_VALUE_0 412
+#define _LOAD_ATTR_INSTANCE_VALUE_1 413
+#define _LOAD_ATTR_METHOD_LAZY_DICT 414
+#define _LOAD_ATTR_METHOD_NO_DICT 415
+#define _LOAD_ATTR_METHOD_WITH_VALUES 416
+#define _LOAD_ATTR_MODULE 417
+#define _LOAD_ATTR_NONDESCRIPTOR_NO_DICT 418
+#define _LOAD_ATTR_NONDESCRIPTOR_WITH_VALUES 419
+#define _LOAD_ATTR_PROPERTY_FRAME 420
+#define _LOAD_ATTR_SLOT 421
+#define _LOAD_ATTR_SLOT_0 422
+#define _LOAD_ATTR_SLOT_1 423
+#define _LOAD_ATTR_WITH_HINT 424
 #define _LOAD_BUILD_CLASS LOAD_BUILD_CLASS
 #define _LOAD_COMMON_CONSTANT LOAD_COMMON_CONSTANT
 #define _LOAD_CONST LOAD_CONST
-#define _LOAD_CONST_INLINE 410
-#define _LOAD_CONST_INLINE_BORROW 411
-#define _LOAD_CONST_INLINE_BORROW_WITH_NULL 412
-#define _LOAD_CONST_INLINE_WITH_NULL 413
+#define _LOAD_CONST_INLINE 425
+#define _LOAD_CONST_INLINE_BORROW 426
+#define _LOAD_CONST_INLINE_BORROW_WITH_NULL 427
+#define _LOAD_CONST_INLINE_WITH_NULL 428
 #define _LOAD_DEREF LOAD_DEREF
-#define _LOAD_FAST 414
-#define _LOAD_FAST_0 415
-#define _LOAD_FAST_1 416
-#define _LOAD_FAST_2 417
-#define _LOAD_FAST_3 418
-#define _LOAD_FAST_4 419
-#define _LOAD_FAST_5 420
-#define _LOAD_FAST_6 421
-#define _LOAD_FAST_7 422
+#define _LOAD_FAST 429
+#define _LOAD_FAST_0 430
+#define _LOAD_FAST_1 431
+#define _LOAD_FAST_2 432
+#define _LOAD_FAST_3 433
+#define _LOAD_FAST_4 434
+#define _LOAD_FAST_5 435
+#define _LOAD_FAST_6 436
+#define _LOAD_FAST_7 437
 #define _LOAD_FAST_AND_CLEAR LOAD_FAST_AND_CLEAR
 #define _LOAD_FAST_CHECK LOAD_FAST_CHECK
 #define _LOAD_FAST_LOAD_FAST LOAD_FAST_LOAD_FAST
 #define _LOAD_FROM_DICT_OR_DEREF LOAD_FROM_DICT_OR_DEREF
 #define _LOAD_FROM_DICT_OR_GLOBALS LOAD_FROM_DICT_OR_GLOBALS
-#define _LOAD_GLOBAL 423
-#define _LOAD_GLOBAL_BUILTINS 424
-#define _LOAD_GLOBAL_MODULE 425
+#define _LOAD_GLOBAL 438
+#define _LOAD_GLOBAL_BUILTINS 439
+#define _LOAD_GLOBAL_BUILTINS_FROM_KEYS 440
+#define _LOAD_GLOBAL_MODULE 441
+#define _LOAD_GLOBAL_MODULE_FROM_KEYS 442
 #define _LOAD_LOCALS LOAD_LOCALS
 #define _LOAD_NAME LOAD_NAME
+#define _LOAD_SPECIAL LOAD_SPECIAL
 #define _LOAD_SUPER_ATTR_ATTR LOAD_SUPER_ATTR_ATTR
 #define _LOAD_SUPER_ATTR_METHOD LOAD_SUPER_ATTR_METHOD
+#define _MAKE_CALLARGS_A_TUPLE 443
 #define _MAKE_CELL MAKE_CELL
 #define _MAKE_FUNCTION MAKE_FUNCTION
+#define _MAKE_WARM 444
 #define _MAP_ADD MAP_ADD
 #define _MATCH_CLASS MATCH_CLASS
 #define _MATCH_KEYS MATCH_KEYS
 #define _MATCH_MAPPING MATCH_MAPPING
 #define _MATCH_SEQUENCE MATCH_SEQUENCE
+#define _MAYBE_EXPAND_METHOD 445
+#define _MAYBE_EXPAND_METHOD_KW 446
+#define _MONITOR_CALL 447
+#define _MONITOR_JUMP_BACKWARD 448
+#define _MONITOR_RESUME 449
 #define _NOP NOP
 #define _POP_EXCEPT POP_EXCEPT
-#define _POP_FRAME 426
-#define _POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE 427
-#define _POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE 428
+#define _POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE 450
+#define _POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE 451
 #define _POP_TOP POP_TOP
-#define _POP_TOP_LOAD_CONST_INLINE_BORROW 429
+#define _POP_TOP_LOAD_CONST_INLINE_BORROW 452
 #define _PUSH_EXC_INFO PUSH_EXC_INFO
-#define _PUSH_FRAME 430
+#define _PUSH_FRAME 453
 #define _PUSH_NULL PUSH_NULL
-#define _PY_FRAME_GENERAL 431
-#define _REPLACE_WITH_TRUE 432
+#define _PY_FRAME_GENERAL 454
+#define _PY_FRAME_KW 455
+#define _QUICKEN_RESUME 456
+#define _REPLACE_WITH_TRUE 457
 #define _RESUME_CHECK RESUME_CHECK
 #define _RETURN_GENERATOR RETURN_GENERATOR
-#define _SAVE_RETURN_OFFSET 433
-#define _SEND 434
-#define _SEND_GEN SEND_GEN
+#define _RETURN_VALUE RETURN_VALUE
+#define _SAVE_RETURN_OFFSET 458
+#define _SEND 459
+#define _SEND_GEN_FRAME 460
 #define _SETUP_ANNOTATIONS SETUP_ANNOTATIONS
 #define _SET_ADD SET_ADD
 #define _SET_FUNCTION_ATTRIBUTE SET_FUNCTION_ATTRIBUTE
 #define _SET_UPDATE SET_UPDATE
-#define _START_EXECUTOR 435
-#define _STORE_ATTR 436
-#define _STORE_ATTR_INSTANCE_VALUE 437
-#define _STORE_ATTR_SLOT 438
-#define _STORE_ATTR_WITH_HINT 439
+#define _START_EXECUTOR 461
+#define _STORE_ATTR 462
+#define _STORE_ATTR_INSTANCE_VALUE 463
+#define _STORE_ATTR_SLOT 464
+#define _STORE_ATTR_WITH_HINT 465
 #define _STORE_DEREF STORE_DEREF
-#define _STORE_FAST 440
-#define _STORE_FAST_0 441
-#define _STORE_FAST_1 442
-#define _STORE_FAST_2 443
-#define _STORE_FAST_3 444
-#define _STORE_FAST_4 445
-#define _STORE_FAST_5 446
-#define _STORE_FAST_6 447
-#define _STORE_FAST_7 448
+#define _STORE_FAST 466
+#define _STORE_FAST_0 467
+#define _STORE_FAST_1 468
+#define _STORE_FAST_2 469
+#define _STORE_FAST_3 470
+#define _STORE_FAST_4 471
+#define _STORE_FAST_5 472
+#define _STORE_FAST_6 473
+#define _STORE_FAST_7 474
 #define _STORE_FAST_LOAD_FAST STORE_FAST_LOAD_FAST
 #define _STORE_FAST_STORE_FAST STORE_FAST_STORE_FAST
 #define _STORE_GLOBAL STORE_GLOBAL
 #define _STORE_NAME STORE_NAME
-#define _STORE_SLICE STORE_SLICE
-#define _STORE_SUBSCR 449
+#define _STORE_SLICE 475
+#define _STORE_SUBSCR 476
 #define _STORE_SUBSCR_DICT STORE_SUBSCR_DICT
 #define _STORE_SUBSCR_LIST_INT STORE_SUBSCR_LIST_INT
 #define _SWAP SWAP
-#define _TIER2_RESUME_CHECK 450
-#define _TO_BOOL 451
+#define _TIER2_RESUME_CHECK 477
+#define _TO_BOOL 478
 #define _TO_BOOL_BOOL TO_BOOL_BOOL
 #define _TO_BOOL_INT TO_BOOL_INT
 #define _TO_BOOL_LIST TO_BOOL_LIST
@@ -280,13 +296,13 @@ extern "C" {
 #define _UNARY_NEGATIVE UNARY_NEGATIVE
 #define _UNARY_NOT UNARY_NOT
 #define _UNPACK_EX UNPACK_EX
-#define _UNPACK_SEQUENCE 452
+#define _UNPACK_SEQUENCE 479
 #define _UNPACK_SEQUENCE_LIST UNPACK_SEQUENCE_LIST
 #define _UNPACK_SEQUENCE_TUPLE UNPACK_SEQUENCE_TUPLE
 #define _UNPACK_SEQUENCE_TWO_TUPLE UNPACK_SEQUENCE_TWO_TUPLE
 #define _WITH_EXCEPT_START WITH_EXCEPT_START
 #define _YIELD_VALUE YIELD_VALUE
-#define MAX_UOP_ID 452
+#define MAX_UOP_ID 479
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_uop_metadata.h b/Include/internal/pycore_uop_metadata.h
index 690ae34a6eef98..2f0a7fb2f6e549 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_uop_metadata.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_uop_metadata.h
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ extern int _PyUop_num_popped(int opcode, int oparg);
 #ifdef NEED_OPCODE_METADATA
 const uint16_t _PyUop_Flags[MAX_UOP_ID+1] = {
     [_NOP] = HAS_PURE_FLAG,
+    [_CHECK_PERIODIC] = HAS_EVAL_BREAK_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
+    [_CHECK_PERIODIC_IF_NOT_YIELD_FROM] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_EVAL_BREAK_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_RESUME_CHECK] = HAS_DEOPT_FLAG,
     [_LOAD_FAST_CHECK] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_LOCAL_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_LOAD_FAST_0] = HAS_LOCAL_FLAG | HAS_PURE_FLAG,
@@ -67,11 +69,12 @@ const uint16_t _PyUop_Flags[MAX_UOP_ID+1] = {
     [_GUARD_BOTH_FLOAT] = HAS_EXIT_FLAG,
     [_GUARD_NOS_FLOAT] = HAS_EXIT_FLAG,
     [_GUARD_TOS_FLOAT] = HAS_EXIT_FLAG,
-    [_BINARY_OP_MULTIPLY_FLOAT] = HAS_PURE_FLAG,
-    [_BINARY_OP_ADD_FLOAT] = HAS_PURE_FLAG,
-    [_BINARY_OP_SUBTRACT_FLOAT] = HAS_PURE_FLAG,
+    [_BINARY_OP_MULTIPLY_FLOAT] = HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_PURE_FLAG,
+    [_BINARY_OP_ADD_FLOAT] = HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_PURE_FLAG,
+    [_BINARY_OP_SUBTRACT_FLOAT] = HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_PURE_FLAG,
     [_GUARD_BOTH_UNICODE] = HAS_EXIT_FLAG,
     [_BINARY_OP_ADD_UNICODE] = HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_PURE_FLAG,
+    [_BINARY_OP_INPLACE_ADD_UNICODE] = HAS_LOCAL_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG,
     [_BINARY_SUBSCR] = HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_BINARY_SLICE] = HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_STORE_SLICE] = HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
@@ -79,6 +82,8 @@ const uint16_t _PyUop_Flags[MAX_UOP_ID+1] = {
     [_BINARY_SUBSCR_STR_INT] = HAS_DEOPT_FLAG,
     [_BINARY_SUBSCR_TUPLE_INT] = HAS_DEOPT_FLAG,
     [_BINARY_SUBSCR_DICT] = HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
+    [_BINARY_SUBSCR_CHECK_FUNC] = HAS_DEOPT_FLAG,
+    [_BINARY_SUBSCR_INIT_CALL] = 0,
     [_LIST_APPEND] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG,
     [_SET_ADD] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_STORE_SUBSCR] = HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
@@ -87,11 +92,12 @@ const uint16_t _PyUop_Flags[MAX_UOP_ID+1] = {
     [_DELETE_SUBSCR] = HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_CALL_INTRINSIC_1] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_CALL_INTRINSIC_2] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
-    [_POP_FRAME] = 0,
+    [_RETURN_VALUE] = 0,
     [_GET_AITER] = HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_GET_ANEXT] = HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_NO_POP_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_GET_AWAITABLE] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
-    [_YIELD_VALUE] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
+    [_SEND_GEN_FRAME] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG,
+    [_YIELD_VALUE] = HAS_ARG_FLAG,
     [_POP_EXCEPT] = HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_LOAD_COMMON_CONSTANT] = HAS_ARG_FLAG,
     [_LOAD_BUILD_CLASS] = HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
@@ -107,11 +113,13 @@ const uint16_t _PyUop_Flags[MAX_UOP_ID+1] = {
     [_STORE_GLOBAL] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_NAME_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_DELETE_GLOBAL] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_NAME_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_NO_POP_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_LOAD_LOCALS] = HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
+    [_LOAD_NAME] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_NAME_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_LOAD_GLOBAL] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_NAME_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_GUARD_GLOBALS_VERSION] = HAS_DEOPT_FLAG,
-    [_GUARD_BUILTINS_VERSION] = HAS_DEOPT_FLAG,
-    [_LOAD_GLOBAL_MODULE] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG,
-    [_LOAD_GLOBAL_BUILTINS] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG,
+    [_GUARD_GLOBALS_VERSION_PUSH_KEYS] = HAS_DEOPT_FLAG,
+    [_GUARD_BUILTINS_VERSION_PUSH_KEYS] = HAS_DEOPT_FLAG,
+    [_LOAD_GLOBAL_MODULE_FROM_KEYS] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG,
+    [_LOAD_GLOBAL_BUILTINS_FROM_KEYS] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG,
     [_DELETE_FAST] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_LOCAL_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_MAKE_CELL] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_FREE_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_NO_POP_FLAG,
     [_DELETE_DEREF] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_FREE_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_NO_POP_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
@@ -124,9 +132,9 @@ const uint16_t _PyUop_Flags[MAX_UOP_ID+1] = {
     [_BUILD_LIST] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG,
     [_LIST_EXTEND] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_SET_UPDATE] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
+    [_BUILD_SET] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_BUILD_MAP] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_SETUP_ANNOTATIONS] = HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
-    [_BUILD_CONST_KEY_MAP] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_DICT_UPDATE] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_DICT_MERGE] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_MAP_ADD] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
@@ -140,16 +148,17 @@ const uint16_t _PyUop_Flags[MAX_UOP_ID+1] = {
     [_LOAD_ATTR_INSTANCE_VALUE] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_OPARG_AND_1_FLAG,
     [_CHECK_ATTR_MODULE] = HAS_DEOPT_FLAG,
     [_LOAD_ATTR_MODULE] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG,
-    [_CHECK_ATTR_WITH_HINT] = HAS_DEOPT_FLAG,
+    [_CHECK_ATTR_WITH_HINT] = HAS_EXIT_FLAG,
     [_LOAD_ATTR_WITH_HINT] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_NAME_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG,
     [_LOAD_ATTR_SLOT_0] = HAS_DEOPT_FLAG,
     [_LOAD_ATTR_SLOT_1] = HAS_DEOPT_FLAG,
     [_LOAD_ATTR_SLOT] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_OPARG_AND_1_FLAG,
-    [_CHECK_ATTR_CLASS] = HAS_DEOPT_FLAG,
+    [_CHECK_ATTR_CLASS] = HAS_EXIT_FLAG,
     [_LOAD_ATTR_CLASS_0] = 0,
     [_LOAD_ATTR_CLASS_1] = 0,
     [_LOAD_ATTR_CLASS] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_OPARG_AND_1_FLAG,
-    [_GUARD_DORV_NO_DICT] = HAS_DEOPT_FLAG,
+    [_LOAD_ATTR_PROPERTY_FRAME] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG,
+    [_GUARD_DORV_NO_DICT] = HAS_EXIT_FLAG,
     [_STORE_ATTR_INSTANCE_VALUE] = 0,
     [_STORE_ATTR_WITH_HINT] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_NAME_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_STORE_ATTR_SLOT] = 0,
@@ -163,6 +172,8 @@ const uint16_t _PyUop_Flags[MAX_UOP_ID+1] = {
     [_CONTAINS_OP_DICT] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_CHECK_EG_MATCH] = HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_CHECK_EXC_MATCH] = HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
+    [_IMPORT_NAME] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_NAME_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
+    [_IMPORT_FROM] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_NAME_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_IS_NONE] = 0,
     [_GET_LEN] = HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_MATCH_CLASS] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
@@ -171,7 +182,7 @@ const uint16_t _PyUop_Flags[MAX_UOP_ID+1] = {
     [_MATCH_KEYS] = HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_GET_ITER] = HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_GET_YIELD_FROM_ITER] = HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_NO_POP_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
-    [_FOR_ITER_TIER_TWO] = HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_NO_POP_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
+    [_FOR_ITER_TIER_TWO] = HAS_EXIT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_NO_POP_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_ITER_CHECK_LIST] = HAS_EXIT_FLAG,
     [_GUARD_NOT_EXHAUSTED_LIST] = HAS_EXIT_FLAG,
     [_ITER_NEXT_LIST] = 0,
@@ -182,6 +193,7 @@ const uint16_t _PyUop_Flags[MAX_UOP_ID+1] = {
     [_GUARD_NOT_EXHAUSTED_RANGE] = HAS_EXIT_FLAG,
     [_ITER_NEXT_RANGE] = HAS_ERROR_FLAG,
     [_FOR_ITER_GEN_FRAME] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG,
+    [_LOAD_SPECIAL] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_WITH_EXCEPT_START] = HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_PUSH_EXC_INFO] = 0,
     [_GUARD_DORV_VALUES_INST_ATTR_FROM_DICT] = HAS_DEOPT_FLAG,
@@ -192,7 +204,7 @@ const uint16_t _PyUop_Flags[MAX_UOP_ID+1] = {
     [_LOAD_ATTR_NONDESCRIPTOR_NO_DICT] = HAS_ARG_FLAG,
     [_CHECK_ATTR_METHOD_LAZY_DICT] = HAS_DEOPT_FLAG,
     [_LOAD_ATTR_METHOD_LAZY_DICT] = HAS_ARG_FLAG,
-    [_CHECK_PERIODIC] = HAS_EVAL_BREAK_FLAG,
+    [_MAYBE_EXPAND_METHOD] = HAS_ARG_FLAG,
     [_PY_FRAME_GENERAL] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_NO_POP_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_CHECK_FUNCTION_VERSION] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_EXIT_FLAG,
     [_CHECK_METHOD_VERSION] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_EXIT_FLAG,
@@ -214,22 +226,33 @@ const uint16_t _PyUop_Flags[MAX_UOP_ID+1] = {
     [_CALL_TYPE_1] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG,
     [_CALL_STR_1] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_CALL_TUPLE_1] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
+    [_CHECK_AND_ALLOCATE_OBJECT] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_NO_POP_FLAG,
+    [_CREATE_INIT_FRAME] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_NO_POP_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_EXIT_INIT_CHECK] = HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_NO_POP_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_CALL_BUILTIN_CLASS] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
-    [_CALL_BUILTIN_O] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
+    [_CALL_BUILTIN_O] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_EXIT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_CALL_BUILTIN_FAST] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_CALL_BUILTIN_FAST_WITH_KEYWORDS] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_CALL_LEN] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_NO_POP_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_CALL_ISINSTANCE] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_NO_POP_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
-    [_CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_O] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
-    [_CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_FAST_WITH_KEYWORDS] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
-    [_CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_NOARGS] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
-    [_CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_FAST] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
-    [_MAKE_FUNCTION] = HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_NO_POP_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
-    [_SET_FUNCTION_ATTRIBUTE] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
-    [_RETURN_GENERATOR] = HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_NO_POP_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
+    [_CALL_LIST_APPEND] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG,
+    [_CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_O] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_EXIT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
+    [_CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_FAST_WITH_KEYWORDS] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_EXIT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
+    [_CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_NOARGS] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_EXIT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
+    [_CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_FAST] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_EXIT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
+    [_MAYBE_EXPAND_METHOD_KW] = HAS_ARG_FLAG,
+    [_PY_FRAME_KW] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_NO_POP_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
+    [_CHECK_FUNCTION_VERSION_KW] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_EXIT_FLAG,
+    [_CHECK_METHOD_VERSION_KW] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_EXIT_FLAG,
+    [_EXPAND_METHOD_KW] = HAS_ARG_FLAG,
+    [_CHECK_IS_NOT_PY_CALLABLE_KW] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_EXIT_FLAG,
+    [_CALL_KW_NON_PY] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
+    [_MAKE_CALLARGS_A_TUPLE] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_NO_POP_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
+    [_MAKE_FUNCTION] = HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
+    [_SET_FUNCTION_ATTRIBUTE] = HAS_ARG_FLAG,
+    [_RETURN_GENERATOR] = HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_BUILD_SLICE] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG,
-    [_CONVERT_VALUE] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG,
+    [_CONVERT_VALUE] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_FORMAT_SIMPLE] = HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_FORMAT_WITH_SPEC] = HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_COPY] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_PURE_FLAG,
@@ -243,7 +266,7 @@ const uint16_t _PyUop_Flags[MAX_UOP_ID+1] = {
     [_SET_IP] = 0,
     [_CHECK_STACK_SPACE_OPERAND] = HAS_DEOPT_FLAG,
     [_SAVE_RETURN_OFFSET] = HAS_ARG_FLAG,
-    [_EXIT_TRACE] = 0,
+    [_EXIT_TRACE] = HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_CHECK_VALIDITY] = HAS_DEOPT_FLAG,
     [_LOAD_CONST_INLINE] = HAS_PURE_FLAG,
     [_LOAD_CONST_INLINE_BORROW] = HAS_PURE_FLAG,
@@ -251,10 +274,12 @@ const uint16_t _PyUop_Flags[MAX_UOP_ID+1] = {
     [_LOAD_CONST_INLINE_WITH_NULL] = HAS_PURE_FLAG,
     [_LOAD_CONST_INLINE_BORROW_WITH_NULL] = HAS_PURE_FLAG,
     [_CHECK_FUNCTION] = HAS_DEOPT_FLAG,
+    [_LOAD_GLOBAL_MODULE] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG,
+    [_LOAD_GLOBAL_BUILTINS] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG,
     [_INTERNAL_INCREMENT_OPT_COUNTER] = 0,
-    [_COLD_EXIT] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
-    [_DYNAMIC_EXIT] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
-    [_START_EXECUTOR] = HAS_DEOPT_FLAG,
+    [_DYNAMIC_EXIT] = HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
+    [_START_EXECUTOR] = 0,
+    [_MAKE_WARM] = 0,
     [_FATAL_ERROR] = 0,
     [_CHECK_VALIDITY_AND_SET_IP] = HAS_DEOPT_FLAG,
     [_DEOPT] = 0,
@@ -273,19 +298,22 @@ const char *const _PyOpcode_uop_name[MAX_UOP_ID+1] = {
     [_BINARY_OP_ADD_FLOAT] = "_BINARY_OP_ADD_FLOAT",
     [_BINARY_OP_ADD_INT] = "_BINARY_OP_ADD_INT",
     [_BINARY_OP_ADD_UNICODE] = "_BINARY_OP_ADD_UNICODE",
+    [_BINARY_OP_INPLACE_ADD_UNICODE] = "_BINARY_OP_INPLACE_ADD_UNICODE",
     [_BINARY_OP_MULTIPLY_FLOAT] = "_BINARY_OP_MULTIPLY_FLOAT",
     [_BINARY_OP_MULTIPLY_INT] = "_BINARY_OP_MULTIPLY_INT",
     [_BINARY_OP_SUBTRACT_FLOAT] = "_BINARY_OP_SUBTRACT_FLOAT",
     [_BINARY_OP_SUBTRACT_INT] = "_BINARY_OP_SUBTRACT_INT",
     [_BINARY_SLICE] = "_BINARY_SLICE",
     [_BINARY_SUBSCR] = "_BINARY_SUBSCR",
+    [_BINARY_SUBSCR_CHECK_FUNC] = "_BINARY_SUBSCR_CHECK_FUNC",
     [_BINARY_SUBSCR_DICT] = "_BINARY_SUBSCR_DICT",
+    [_BINARY_SUBSCR_INIT_CALL] = "_BINARY_SUBSCR_INIT_CALL",
     [_BINARY_SUBSCR_LIST_INT] = "_BINARY_SUBSCR_LIST_INT",
     [_BINARY_SUBSCR_STR_INT] = "_BINARY_SUBSCR_STR_INT",
     [_BINARY_SUBSCR_TUPLE_INT] = "_BINARY_SUBSCR_TUPLE_INT",
-    [_BUILD_CONST_KEY_MAP] = "_BUILD_CONST_KEY_MAP",
     [_BUILD_LIST] = "_BUILD_LIST",
     [_BUILD_MAP] = "_BUILD_MAP",
+    [_BUILD_SET] = "_BUILD_SET",
     [_BUILD_SLICE] = "_BUILD_SLICE",
     [_BUILD_STRING] = "_BUILD_STRING",
     [_BUILD_TUPLE] = "_BUILD_TUPLE",
@@ -296,7 +324,9 @@ const char *const _PyOpcode_uop_name[MAX_UOP_ID+1] = {
     [_CALL_INTRINSIC_1] = "_CALL_INTRINSIC_1",
     [_CALL_INTRINSIC_2] = "_CALL_INTRINSIC_2",
     [_CALL_ISINSTANCE] = "_CALL_ISINSTANCE",
+    [_CALL_KW_NON_PY] = "_CALL_KW_NON_PY",
     [_CALL_LEN] = "_CALL_LEN",
+    [_CALL_LIST_APPEND] = "_CALL_LIST_APPEND",
     [_CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_FAST] = "_CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_FAST",
     [_CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_FAST_WITH_KEYWORDS] = "_CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_FAST_WITH_KEYWORDS",
     [_CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_NOARGS] = "_CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_NOARGS",
@@ -305,6 +335,7 @@ const char *const _PyOpcode_uop_name[MAX_UOP_ID+1] = {
     [_CALL_STR_1] = "_CALL_STR_1",
     [_CALL_TUPLE_1] = "_CALL_TUPLE_1",
     [_CALL_TYPE_1] = "_CALL_TYPE_1",
+    [_CHECK_AND_ALLOCATE_OBJECT] = "_CHECK_AND_ALLOCATE_OBJECT",
     [_CHECK_ATTR_CLASS] = "_CHECK_ATTR_CLASS",
     [_CHECK_ATTR_METHOD_LAZY_DICT] = "_CHECK_ATTR_METHOD_LAZY_DICT",
     [_CHECK_ATTR_MODULE] = "_CHECK_ATTR_MODULE",
@@ -315,16 +346,19 @@ const char *const _PyOpcode_uop_name[MAX_UOP_ID+1] = {
     [_CHECK_FUNCTION] = "_CHECK_FUNCTION",
     [_CHECK_FUNCTION_EXACT_ARGS] = "_CHECK_FUNCTION_EXACT_ARGS",
     [_CHECK_FUNCTION_VERSION] = "_CHECK_FUNCTION_VERSION",
+    [_CHECK_FUNCTION_VERSION_KW] = "_CHECK_FUNCTION_VERSION_KW",
     [_CHECK_IS_NOT_PY_CALLABLE] = "_CHECK_IS_NOT_PY_CALLABLE",
+    [_CHECK_IS_NOT_PY_CALLABLE_KW] = "_CHECK_IS_NOT_PY_CALLABLE_KW",
     [_CHECK_MANAGED_OBJECT_HAS_VALUES] = "_CHECK_MANAGED_OBJECT_HAS_VALUES",
     [_CHECK_METHOD_VERSION] = "_CHECK_METHOD_VERSION",
+    [_CHECK_METHOD_VERSION_KW] = "_CHECK_METHOD_VERSION_KW",
     [_CHECK_PEP_523] = "_CHECK_PEP_523",
     [_CHECK_PERIODIC] = "_CHECK_PERIODIC",
+    [_CHECK_PERIODIC_IF_NOT_YIELD_FROM] = "_CHECK_PERIODIC_IF_NOT_YIELD_FROM",
     [_CHECK_STACK_SPACE] = "_CHECK_STACK_SPACE",
     [_CHECK_STACK_SPACE_OPERAND] = "_CHECK_STACK_SPACE_OPERAND",
     [_CHECK_VALIDITY] = "_CHECK_VALIDITY",
     [_CHECK_VALIDITY_AND_SET_IP] = "_CHECK_VALIDITY_AND_SET_IP",
-    [_COLD_EXIT] = "_COLD_EXIT",
     [_COMPARE_OP] = "_COMPARE_OP",
     [_COMPARE_OP_FLOAT] = "_COMPARE_OP_FLOAT",
     [_COMPARE_OP_INT] = "_COMPARE_OP_INT",
@@ -335,6 +369,7 @@ const char *const _PyOpcode_uop_name[MAX_UOP_ID+1] = {
     [_CONVERT_VALUE] = "_CONVERT_VALUE",
     [_COPY] = "_COPY",
     [_COPY_FREE_VARS] = "_COPY_FREE_VARS",
+    [_CREATE_INIT_FRAME] = "_CREATE_INIT_FRAME",
     [_DELETE_ATTR] = "_DELETE_ATTR",
     [_DELETE_DEREF] = "_DELETE_DEREF",
     [_DELETE_FAST] = "_DELETE_FAST",
@@ -350,6 +385,7 @@ const char *const _PyOpcode_uop_name[MAX_UOP_ID+1] = {
     [_EXIT_INIT_CHECK] = "_EXIT_INIT_CHECK",
     [_EXIT_TRACE] = "_EXIT_TRACE",
     [_EXPAND_METHOD] = "_EXPAND_METHOD",
+    [_EXPAND_METHOD_KW] = "_EXPAND_METHOD_KW",
     [_FATAL_ERROR] = "_FATAL_ERROR",
     [_FORMAT_SIMPLE] = "_FORMAT_SIMPLE",
     [_FORMAT_WITH_SPEC] = "_FORMAT_WITH_SPEC",
@@ -364,10 +400,11 @@ const char *const _PyOpcode_uop_name[MAX_UOP_ID+1] = {
     [_GUARD_BOTH_FLOAT] = "_GUARD_BOTH_FLOAT",
     [_GUARD_BOTH_INT] = "_GUARD_BOTH_INT",
     [_GUARD_BOTH_UNICODE] = "_GUARD_BOTH_UNICODE",
-    [_GUARD_BUILTINS_VERSION] = "_GUARD_BUILTINS_VERSION",
+    [_GUARD_BUILTINS_VERSION_PUSH_KEYS] = "_GUARD_BUILTINS_VERSION_PUSH_KEYS",
     [_GUARD_DORV_NO_DICT] = "_GUARD_DORV_NO_DICT",
     [_GUARD_DORV_VALUES_INST_ATTR_FROM_DICT] = "_GUARD_DORV_VALUES_INST_ATTR_FROM_DICT",
     [_GUARD_GLOBALS_VERSION] = "_GUARD_GLOBALS_VERSION",
+    [_GUARD_GLOBALS_VERSION_PUSH_KEYS] = "_GUARD_GLOBALS_VERSION_PUSH_KEYS",
     [_GUARD_IS_FALSE_POP] = "_GUARD_IS_FALSE_POP",
     [_GUARD_IS_NONE_POP] = "_GUARD_IS_NONE_POP",
     [_GUARD_IS_NOT_NONE_POP] = "_GUARD_IS_NOT_NONE_POP",
@@ -381,6 +418,8 @@ const char *const _PyOpcode_uop_name[MAX_UOP_ID+1] = {
     [_GUARD_TOS_FLOAT] = "_GUARD_TOS_FLOAT",
     [_GUARD_TOS_INT] = "_GUARD_TOS_INT",
     [_GUARD_TYPE_VERSION] = "_GUARD_TYPE_VERSION",
+    [_IMPORT_FROM] = "_IMPORT_FROM",
+    [_IMPORT_NAME] = "_IMPORT_NAME",
     [_INIT_CALL_BOUND_METHOD_EXACT_ARGS] = "_INIT_CALL_BOUND_METHOD_EXACT_ARGS",
     [_INIT_CALL_PY_EXACT_ARGS] = "_INIT_CALL_PY_EXACT_ARGS",
     [_INIT_CALL_PY_EXACT_ARGS_0] = "_INIT_CALL_PY_EXACT_ARGS_0",
@@ -413,6 +452,7 @@ const char *const _PyOpcode_uop_name[MAX_UOP_ID+1] = {
     [_LOAD_ATTR_MODULE] = "_LOAD_ATTR_MODULE",
     [_LOAD_ATTR_NONDESCRIPTOR_NO_DICT] = "_LOAD_ATTR_NONDESCRIPTOR_NO_DICT",
     [_LOAD_ATTR_NONDESCRIPTOR_WITH_VALUES] = "_LOAD_ATTR_NONDESCRIPTOR_WITH_VALUES",
+    [_LOAD_ATTR_PROPERTY_FRAME] = "_LOAD_ATTR_PROPERTY_FRAME",
     [_LOAD_ATTR_SLOT] = "_LOAD_ATTR_SLOT",
     [_LOAD_ATTR_SLOT_0] = "_LOAD_ATTR_SLOT_0",
     [_LOAD_ATTR_SLOT_1] = "_LOAD_ATTR_SLOT_1",
@@ -440,30 +480,40 @@ const char *const _PyOpcode_uop_name[MAX_UOP_ID+1] = {
     [_LOAD_FROM_DICT_OR_DEREF] = "_LOAD_FROM_DICT_OR_DEREF",
     [_LOAD_GLOBAL] = "_LOAD_GLOBAL",
     [_LOAD_GLOBAL_BUILTINS] = "_LOAD_GLOBAL_BUILTINS",
+    [_LOAD_GLOBAL_BUILTINS_FROM_KEYS] = "_LOAD_GLOBAL_BUILTINS_FROM_KEYS",
     [_LOAD_GLOBAL_MODULE] = "_LOAD_GLOBAL_MODULE",
+    [_LOAD_GLOBAL_MODULE_FROM_KEYS] = "_LOAD_GLOBAL_MODULE_FROM_KEYS",
     [_LOAD_LOCALS] = "_LOAD_LOCALS",
+    [_LOAD_NAME] = "_LOAD_NAME",
+    [_LOAD_SPECIAL] = "_LOAD_SPECIAL",
     [_LOAD_SUPER_ATTR_ATTR] = "_LOAD_SUPER_ATTR_ATTR",
     [_LOAD_SUPER_ATTR_METHOD] = "_LOAD_SUPER_ATTR_METHOD",
+    [_MAKE_CALLARGS_A_TUPLE] = "_MAKE_CALLARGS_A_TUPLE",
     [_MAKE_CELL] = "_MAKE_CELL",
     [_MAKE_FUNCTION] = "_MAKE_FUNCTION",
+    [_MAKE_WARM] = "_MAKE_WARM",
     [_MAP_ADD] = "_MAP_ADD",
     [_MATCH_CLASS] = "_MATCH_CLASS",
     [_MATCH_KEYS] = "_MATCH_KEYS",
     [_MATCH_MAPPING] = "_MATCH_MAPPING",
     [_MATCH_SEQUENCE] = "_MATCH_SEQUENCE",
+    [_MAYBE_EXPAND_METHOD] = "_MAYBE_EXPAND_METHOD",
+    [_MAYBE_EXPAND_METHOD_KW] = "_MAYBE_EXPAND_METHOD_KW",
     [_NOP] = "_NOP",
     [_POP_EXCEPT] = "_POP_EXCEPT",
-    [_POP_FRAME] = "_POP_FRAME",
     [_POP_TOP] = "_POP_TOP",
     [_POP_TOP_LOAD_CONST_INLINE_BORROW] = "_POP_TOP_LOAD_CONST_INLINE_BORROW",
     [_PUSH_EXC_INFO] = "_PUSH_EXC_INFO",
     [_PUSH_FRAME] = "_PUSH_FRAME",
     [_PUSH_NULL] = "_PUSH_NULL",
     [_PY_FRAME_GENERAL] = "_PY_FRAME_GENERAL",
+    [_PY_FRAME_KW] = "_PY_FRAME_KW",
     [_REPLACE_WITH_TRUE] = "_REPLACE_WITH_TRUE",
     [_RESUME_CHECK] = "_RESUME_CHECK",
     [_RETURN_GENERATOR] = "_RETURN_GENERATOR",
+    [_RETURN_VALUE] = "_RETURN_VALUE",
     [_SAVE_RETURN_OFFSET] = "_SAVE_RETURN_OFFSET",
+    [_SEND_GEN_FRAME] = "_SEND_GEN_FRAME",
     [_SETUP_ANNOTATIONS] = "_SETUP_ANNOTATIONS",
     [_SET_ADD] = "_SET_ADD",
     [_SET_FUNCTION_ATTRIBUTE] = "_SET_FUNCTION_ATTRIBUTE",
@@ -516,6 +566,10 @@ int _PyUop_num_popped(int opcode, int oparg)
     switch(opcode) {
         case _NOP:
             return 0;
+        case _CHECK_PERIODIC:
+            return 0;
+        case _CHECK_PERIODIC_IF_NOT_YIELD_FROM:
+            return 0;
         case _RESUME_CHECK:
             return 0;
         case _LOAD_FAST_CHECK:
@@ -620,6 +674,8 @@ int _PyUop_num_popped(int opcode, int oparg)
             return 2;
         case _BINARY_OP_ADD_UNICODE:
             return 2;
+        case _BINARY_OP_INPLACE_ADD_UNICODE:
+            return 2;
         case _BINARY_SUBSCR:
             return 2;
         case _BINARY_SLICE:
@@ -634,6 +690,10 @@ int _PyUop_num_popped(int opcode, int oparg)
             return 2;
         case _BINARY_SUBSCR_DICT:
             return 2;
+        case _BINARY_SUBSCR_CHECK_FUNC:
+            return 2;
+        case _BINARY_SUBSCR_INIT_CALL:
+            return 2;
         case _LIST_APPEND:
             return 2 + (oparg-1);
         case _SET_ADD:
@@ -650,7 +710,7 @@ int _PyUop_num_popped(int opcode, int oparg)
             return 1;
         case _CALL_INTRINSIC_2:
             return 2;
-        case _POP_FRAME:
+        case _RETURN_VALUE:
             return 1;
         case _GET_AITER:
             return 1;
@@ -658,6 +718,8 @@ int _PyUop_num_popped(int opcode, int oparg)
             return 1;
         case _GET_AWAITABLE:
             return 1;
+        case _SEND_GEN_FRAME:
+            return 2;
         case _YIELD_VALUE:
             return 1;
         case _POP_EXCEPT:
@@ -690,16 +752,20 @@ int _PyUop_num_popped(int opcode, int oparg)
             return 0;
         case _LOAD_LOCALS:
             return 0;
+        case _LOAD_NAME:
+            return 0;
         case _LOAD_GLOBAL:
             return 0;
         case _GUARD_GLOBALS_VERSION:
             return 0;
-        case _GUARD_BUILTINS_VERSION:
+        case _GUARD_GLOBALS_VERSION_PUSH_KEYS:
             return 0;
-        case _LOAD_GLOBAL_MODULE:
-            return 0;
-        case _LOAD_GLOBAL_BUILTINS:
+        case _GUARD_BUILTINS_VERSION_PUSH_KEYS:
             return 0;
+        case _LOAD_GLOBAL_MODULE_FROM_KEYS:
+            return 1;
+        case _LOAD_GLOBAL_BUILTINS_FROM_KEYS:
+            return 1;
         case _DELETE_FAST:
             return 0;
         case _MAKE_CELL:
@@ -724,12 +790,12 @@ int _PyUop_num_popped(int opcode, int oparg)
             return 2 + (oparg-1);
         case _SET_UPDATE:
             return 2 + (oparg-1);
+        case _BUILD_SET:
+            return oparg;
         case _BUILD_MAP:
             return oparg*2;
         case _SETUP_ANNOTATIONS:
             return 0;
-        case _BUILD_CONST_KEY_MAP:
-            return 1 + oparg;
         case _DICT_UPDATE:
             return 2 + (oparg - 1);
         case _DICT_MERGE:
@@ -774,6 +840,8 @@ int _PyUop_num_popped(int opcode, int oparg)
             return 1;
         case _LOAD_ATTR_CLASS:
             return 1;
+        case _LOAD_ATTR_PROPERTY_FRAME:
+            return 1;
         case _GUARD_DORV_NO_DICT:
             return 1;
         case _STORE_ATTR_INSTANCE_VALUE:
@@ -802,6 +870,10 @@ int _PyUop_num_popped(int opcode, int oparg)
             return 2;
         case _CHECK_EXC_MATCH:
             return 2;
+        case _IMPORT_NAME:
+            return 2;
+        case _IMPORT_FROM:
+            return 1;
         case _IS_NONE:
             return 1;
         case _GET_LEN:
@@ -840,8 +912,10 @@ int _PyUop_num_popped(int opcode, int oparg)
             return 1;
         case _FOR_ITER_GEN_FRAME:
             return 1;
+        case _LOAD_SPECIAL:
+            return 1;
         case _WITH_EXCEPT_START:
-            return 4;
+            return 5;
         case _PUSH_EXC_INFO:
             return 1;
         case _GUARD_DORV_VALUES_INST_ATTR_FROM_DICT:
@@ -860,8 +934,8 @@ int _PyUop_num_popped(int opcode, int oparg)
             return 1;
         case _LOAD_ATTR_METHOD_LAZY_DICT:
             return 1;
-        case _CHECK_PERIODIC:
-            return 0;
+        case _MAYBE_EXPAND_METHOD:
+            return 2 + oparg;
         case _PY_FRAME_GENERAL:
             return 2 + oparg;
         case _CHECK_FUNCTION_VERSION:
@@ -904,6 +978,10 @@ int _PyUop_num_popped(int opcode, int oparg)
             return 3;
         case _CALL_TUPLE_1:
             return 3;
+        case _CHECK_AND_ALLOCATE_OBJECT:
+            return 2 + oparg;
+        case _CREATE_INIT_FRAME:
+            return 2 + oparg;
         case _EXIT_INIT_CHECK:
             return 1;
         case _CALL_BUILTIN_CLASS:
@@ -918,6 +996,8 @@ int _PyUop_num_popped(int opcode, int oparg)
             return 2 + oparg;
         case _CALL_ISINSTANCE:
             return 2 + oparg;
+        case _CALL_LIST_APPEND:
+            return 3;
         case _CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_O:
             return 2 + oparg;
         case _CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_FAST_WITH_KEYWORDS:
@@ -926,6 +1006,22 @@ int _PyUop_num_popped(int opcode, int oparg)
             return 2 + oparg;
         case _CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_FAST:
             return 2 + oparg;
+        case _MAYBE_EXPAND_METHOD_KW:
+            return 3 + oparg;
+        case _PY_FRAME_KW:
+            return 3 + oparg;
+        case _CHECK_FUNCTION_VERSION_KW:
+            return 3 + oparg;
+        case _CHECK_METHOD_VERSION_KW:
+            return 3 + oparg;
+        case _EXPAND_METHOD_KW:
+            return 3 + oparg;
+        case _CHECK_IS_NOT_PY_CALLABLE_KW:
+            return 3 + oparg;
+        case _CALL_KW_NON_PY:
+            return 3 + oparg;
+        case _MAKE_CALLARGS_A_TUPLE:
+            return 3 + (oparg & 1);
         case _MAKE_FUNCTION:
             return 1;
         case _SET_FUNCTION_ATTRIBUTE:
@@ -978,14 +1074,18 @@ int _PyUop_num_popped(int opcode, int oparg)
             return 0;
         case _CHECK_FUNCTION:
             return 0;
+        case _LOAD_GLOBAL_MODULE:
+            return 0;
+        case _LOAD_GLOBAL_BUILTINS:
+            return 0;
         case _INTERNAL_INCREMENT_OPT_COUNTER:
             return 1;
-        case _COLD_EXIT:
-            return 0;
         case _DYNAMIC_EXIT:
             return 0;
         case _START_EXECUTOR:
             return 0;
+        case _MAKE_WARM:
+            return 0;
         case _FATAL_ERROR:
             return 0;
         case _CHECK_VALIDITY_AND_SET_IP:
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_warnings.h b/Include/internal/pycore_warnings.h
index 114796df42b2b6..f9f6559312f4ef 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_warnings.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_warnings.h
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ struct _warnings_runtime_state {
     PyObject *filters;  /* List */
     PyObject *once_registry;  /* Dict */
     PyObject *default_action; /* String */
-    struct _PyMutex mutex;
+    PyMutex mutex;
     long filters_version;
 };
 
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_weakref.h b/Include/internal/pycore_weakref.h
index cc6c7ff9a9b438..94aadb2c1547dd 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_weakref.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_weakref.h
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ extern Py_ssize_t _PyWeakref_GetWeakrefCount(PyObject *obj);
 
 // Clear all the weak references to obj but leave their callbacks uncalled and
 // intact.
-extern void _PyWeakref_ClearWeakRefsExceptCallbacks(PyObject *obj);
+extern void _PyWeakref_ClearWeakRefsNoCallbacks(PyObject *obj);
 
 PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyWeakref_IsDead(PyObject *weakref);
 
diff --git a/Include/lock.h b/Include/lock.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..782b9dbc70d056
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Include/lock.h
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#ifndef Py_LOCK_H
+#define Py_LOCK_H
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+#ifndef Py_LIMITED_API
+#  define Py_CPYTHON_LOCK_H
+#  include "cpython/lock.h"
+#  undef Py_CPYTHON_LOCK_H
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+#endif /* !Py_LOCK_H */
diff --git a/Include/longobject.h b/Include/longobject.h
index 19104cd9d1bef9..45c0d218c13f2f 100644
--- a/Include/longobject.h
+++ b/Include/longobject.h
@@ -30,6 +30,18 @@ PyAPI_FUNC(unsigned long) PyLong_AsUnsignedLongMask(PyObject *);
 PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyLong_AsInt(PyObject *);
 #endif
 
+#if !defined(Py_LIMITED_API) || Py_LIMITED_API+0 >= 0x030e0000
+PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject*) PyLong_FromInt32(int32_t value);
+PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject*) PyLong_FromUInt32(uint32_t value);
+PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject*) PyLong_FromInt64(int64_t value);
+PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject*) PyLong_FromUInt64(uint64_t value);
+
+PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyLong_AsInt32(PyObject *obj, int32_t *value);
+PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyLong_AsUInt32(PyObject *obj, uint32_t *value);
+PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyLong_AsInt64(PyObject *obj, int64_t *value);
+PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyLong_AsUInt64(PyObject *obj, uint64_t *value);
+#endif
+
 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyLong_GetInfo(void);
 
 /* It may be useful in the future. I've added it in the PyInt -> PyLong
diff --git a/Include/modsupport.h b/Include/modsupport.h
index ea4c0fce9f4562..af995f567b004c 100644
--- a/Include/modsupport.h
+++ b/Include/modsupport.h
@@ -134,6 +134,12 @@ PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyModule_FromDefAndSpec2(PyModuleDef *def,
 
 #endif /* New in 3.5 */
 
+#ifndef Py_LIMITED_API
+#  define Py_CPYTHON_MODSUPPORT_H
+#  include "cpython/modsupport.h"
+#  undef Py_CPYTHON_MODSUPPORT_H
+#endif
+
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif
diff --git a/Include/object.h b/Include/object.h
index c8c63b9b2b1450..3876d8449afbe2 100644
--- a/Include/object.h
+++ b/Include/object.h
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ whose size is determined when the object is allocated.
 #else
 #define PyObject_HEAD_INIT(type)    \
     {                               \
-        { _Py_IMMORTAL_REFCNT },    \
+        { _Py_IMMORTAL_INITIAL_REFCNT },    \
         (type)                      \
     },
 #endif
@@ -137,17 +137,13 @@ struct _object {
 // fields have been merged.
 #define _Py_UNOWNED_TID             0
 
-// NOTE: In non-free-threaded builds, `struct _PyMutex` is defined in
-// pycore_lock.h. See pycore_lock.h for more details.
-struct _PyMutex { uint8_t v; };
-
 struct _object {
     // ob_tid stores the thread id (or zero). It is also used by the GC and the
     // trashcan mechanism as a linked list pointer and by the GC to store the
     // computed "gc_refs" refcount.
     uintptr_t ob_tid;
     uint16_t _padding;
-    struct _PyMutex ob_mutex;   // per-object lock
+    PyMutex ob_mutex;           // per-object lock
     uint8_t ob_gc_bits;         // gc-related state
     uint32_t ob_ref_local;      // local reference count
     Py_ssize_t ob_ref_shared;   // shared (atomic) reference count
@@ -184,13 +180,19 @@ _Py_ThreadId(void)
     tid = __readfsdword(24);
 #elif defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(_M_ARM64)
     tid = __getReg(18);
+#elif defined(__MINGW32__) && defined(_M_X64)
+    tid = __readgsqword(48);
+#elif defined(__MINGW32__) && defined(_M_IX86)
+    tid = __readfsdword(24);
+#elif defined(__MINGW32__) && defined(_M_ARM64)
+    tid = __getReg(18);
 #elif defined(__i386__)
     __asm__("movl %%gs:0, %0" : "=r" (tid));  // 32-bit always uses GS
 #elif defined(__MACH__) && defined(__x86_64__)
     __asm__("movq %%gs:0, %0" : "=r" (tid));  // x86_64 macOSX uses GS
 #elif defined(__x86_64__)
    __asm__("movq %%fs:0, %0" : "=r" (tid));  // x86_64 Linux, BSD uses FS
-#elif defined(__arm__)
+#elif defined(__arm__) && __ARM_ARCH >= 7
     __asm__ ("mrc p15, 0, %0, c13, c0, 3\nbic %0, %0, #3" : "=r" (tid));
 #elif defined(__aarch64__) && defined(__APPLE__)
     __asm__ ("mrs %0, tpidrro_el0" : "=r" (tid));
@@ -244,12 +246,22 @@ _Py_IsOwnedByCurrentThread(PyObject *ob)
 }
 #endif
 
-// bpo-39573: The Py_SET_TYPE() function must be used to set an object type.
-static inline PyTypeObject* Py_TYPE(PyObject *ob) {
-    return ob->ob_type;
-}
-#if !defined(Py_LIMITED_API) || Py_LIMITED_API+0 < 0x030b0000
-#  define Py_TYPE(ob) Py_TYPE(_PyObject_CAST(ob))
+// Py_TYPE() implementation for the stable ABI
+PyAPI_FUNC(PyTypeObject*) Py_TYPE(PyObject *ob);
+
+#if defined(Py_LIMITED_API) && Py_LIMITED_API+0 >= 0x030e0000
+    // Stable ABI implements Py_TYPE() as a function call
+    // on limited C API version 3.14 and newer.
+#else
+    static inline PyTypeObject* _Py_TYPE(PyObject *ob)
+    {
+        return ob->ob_type;
+    }
+    #if !defined(Py_LIMITED_API) || Py_LIMITED_API+0 < 0x030b0000
+    #   define Py_TYPE(ob) _Py_TYPE(_PyObject_CAST(ob))
+    #else
+    #   define Py_TYPE(ob) _Py_TYPE(ob)
+    #endif
 #endif
 
 PyAPI_DATA(PyTypeObject) PyLong_Type;
@@ -257,8 +269,8 @@ PyAPI_DATA(PyTypeObject) PyBool_Type;
 
 // bpo-39573: The Py_SET_SIZE() function must be used to set an object size.
 static inline Py_ssize_t Py_SIZE(PyObject *ob) {
-    assert(ob->ob_type != &PyLong_Type);
-    assert(ob->ob_type != &PyBool_Type);
+    assert(Py_TYPE(ob) != &PyLong_Type);
+    assert(Py_TYPE(ob) != &PyBool_Type);
     return  _PyVarObject_CAST(ob)->ob_size;
 }
 #if !defined(Py_LIMITED_API) || Py_LIMITED_API+0 < 0x030b0000
@@ -281,8 +293,8 @@ static inline void Py_SET_TYPE(PyObject *ob, PyTypeObject *type) {
 #endif
 
 static inline void Py_SET_SIZE(PyVarObject *ob, Py_ssize_t size) {
-    assert(ob->ob_base.ob_type != &PyLong_Type);
-    assert(ob->ob_base.ob_type != &PyBool_Type);
+    assert(Py_TYPE(_PyObject_CAST(ob)) != &PyLong_Type);
+    assert(Py_TYPE(_PyObject_CAST(ob)) != &PyBool_Type);
 #ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
     _Py_atomic_store_ssize_relaxed(&ob->ob_size, size);
 #else
@@ -385,6 +397,10 @@ PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyType_FromMetaclass(PyTypeObject*, PyObject*, PyType_Spe
 PyAPI_FUNC(void *) PyObject_GetTypeData(PyObject *obj, PyTypeObject *cls);
 PyAPI_FUNC(Py_ssize_t) PyType_GetTypeDataSize(PyTypeObject *cls);
 #endif
+#if !defined(Py_LIMITED_API) || Py_LIMITED_API+0 >= 0x030E0000
+PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyType_GetBaseByToken(PyTypeObject *, void *, PyTypeObject **);
+#define Py_TP_USE_SPEC NULL
+#endif
 
 /* Generic type check */
 PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyType_IsSubtype(PyTypeObject *, PyTypeObject *);
@@ -548,7 +564,7 @@ given type object has a specified feature.
 /* Objects behave like an unbound method */
 #define Py_TPFLAGS_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR (1UL << 17)
 
-/* Object has up-to-date type attribute cache */
+/* Unused. Legacy flag */
 #define Py_TPFLAGS_VALID_VERSION_TAG  (1UL << 19)
 
 /* Type is abstract and cannot be instantiated */
@@ -748,7 +764,11 @@ PyType_HasFeature(PyTypeObject *type, unsigned long feature)
     // PyTypeObject is opaque in the limited C API
     flags = PyType_GetFlags(type);
 #else
-    flags = type->tp_flags;
+#   ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+        flags = _Py_atomic_load_ulong_relaxed(&type->tp_flags);
+#   else
+        flags = type->tp_flags;
+#   endif
 #endif
     return ((flags & feature) != 0);
 }
@@ -776,6 +796,10 @@ static inline int PyType_CheckExact(PyObject *op) {
 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyType_GetModuleByDef(PyTypeObject *, PyModuleDef *);
 #endif
 
+#if !defined(Py_LIMITED_API) || Py_LIMITED_API+0 >= 0x030e0000
+PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyType_Freeze(PyTypeObject *type);
+#endif
+
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif
diff --git a/Include/opcode_ids.h b/Include/opcode_ids.h
index 5b37de25703560..327bdb792464a0 100644
--- a/Include/opcode_ids.h
+++ b/Include/opcode_ids.h
@@ -11,124 +11,121 @@ extern "C" {
 
 /* Instruction opcodes for compiled code */
 #define CACHE                                    0
-#define BEFORE_ASYNC_WITH                        1
-#define BEFORE_WITH                              2
+#define BINARY_SLICE                             1
+#define BINARY_SUBSCR                            2
 #define BINARY_OP_INPLACE_ADD_UNICODE            3
-#define BINARY_SLICE                             4
-#define BINARY_SUBSCR                            5
-#define CHECK_EG_MATCH                           6
-#define CHECK_EXC_MATCH                          7
-#define CLEANUP_THROW                            8
-#define DELETE_SUBSCR                            9
-#define END_ASYNC_FOR                           10
-#define END_FOR                                 11
-#define END_SEND                                12
-#define EXIT_INIT_CHECK                         13
-#define FORMAT_SIMPLE                           14
-#define FORMAT_WITH_SPEC                        15
-#define GET_AITER                               16
+#define CHECK_EG_MATCH                           4
+#define CHECK_EXC_MATCH                          5
+#define CLEANUP_THROW                            6
+#define DELETE_SUBSCR                            7
+#define END_ASYNC_FOR                            8
+#define END_FOR                                  9
+#define END_SEND                                10
+#define EXIT_INIT_CHECK                         11
+#define FORMAT_SIMPLE                           12
+#define FORMAT_WITH_SPEC                        13
+#define GET_AITER                               14
+#define GET_ANEXT                               15
+#define GET_ITER                                16
 #define RESERVED                                17
-#define GET_ANEXT                               18
-#define GET_ITER                                19
-#define GET_LEN                                 20
-#define GET_YIELD_FROM_ITER                     21
-#define INTERPRETER_EXIT                        22
-#define LOAD_BUILD_CLASS                        23
-#define LOAD_LOCALS                             24
-#define MAKE_FUNCTION                           25
-#define MATCH_KEYS                              26
-#define MATCH_MAPPING                           27
-#define MATCH_SEQUENCE                          28
-#define NOP                                     29
-#define POP_EXCEPT                              30
-#define POP_TOP                                 31
-#define PUSH_EXC_INFO                           32
-#define PUSH_NULL                               33
-#define RETURN_GENERATOR                        34
-#define RETURN_VALUE                            35
-#define SETUP_ANNOTATIONS                       36
-#define STORE_SLICE                             37
-#define STORE_SUBSCR                            38
-#define TO_BOOL                                 39
-#define UNARY_INVERT                            40
-#define UNARY_NEGATIVE                          41
-#define UNARY_NOT                               42
-#define WITH_EXCEPT_START                       43
-#define BINARY_OP                               44
-#define BUILD_CONST_KEY_MAP                     45
-#define BUILD_LIST                              46
-#define BUILD_MAP                               47
-#define BUILD_SET                               48
-#define BUILD_SLICE                             49
-#define BUILD_STRING                            50
-#define BUILD_TUPLE                             51
-#define CALL                                    52
-#define CALL_FUNCTION_EX                        53
-#define CALL_INTRINSIC_1                        54
-#define CALL_INTRINSIC_2                        55
-#define CALL_KW                                 56
-#define COMPARE_OP                              57
-#define CONTAINS_OP                             58
-#define CONVERT_VALUE                           59
-#define COPY                                    60
-#define COPY_FREE_VARS                          61
-#define DELETE_ATTR                             62
-#define DELETE_DEREF                            63
-#define DELETE_FAST                             64
-#define DELETE_GLOBAL                           65
-#define DELETE_NAME                             66
-#define DICT_MERGE                              67
-#define DICT_UPDATE                             68
-#define ENTER_EXECUTOR                          69
-#define EXTENDED_ARG                            70
-#define FOR_ITER                                71
-#define GET_AWAITABLE                           72
-#define IMPORT_FROM                             73
-#define IMPORT_NAME                             74
-#define IS_OP                                   75
-#define JUMP_BACKWARD                           76
-#define JUMP_BACKWARD_NO_INTERRUPT              77
-#define JUMP_FORWARD                            78
-#define LIST_APPEND                             79
-#define LIST_EXTEND                             80
-#define LOAD_ATTR                               81
-#define LOAD_COMMON_CONSTANT                    82
-#define LOAD_CONST                              83
-#define LOAD_DEREF                              84
-#define LOAD_FAST                               85
-#define LOAD_FAST_AND_CLEAR                     86
-#define LOAD_FAST_CHECK                         87
-#define LOAD_FAST_LOAD_FAST                     88
-#define LOAD_FROM_DICT_OR_DEREF                 89
-#define LOAD_FROM_DICT_OR_GLOBALS               90
-#define LOAD_GLOBAL                             91
-#define LOAD_NAME                               92
-#define LOAD_SUPER_ATTR                         93
-#define MAKE_CELL                               94
-#define MAP_ADD                                 95
-#define MATCH_CLASS                             96
-#define POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE                       97
-#define POP_JUMP_IF_NONE                        98
-#define POP_JUMP_IF_NOT_NONE                    99
-#define POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE                       100
-#define RAISE_VARARGS                          101
-#define RERAISE                                102
-#define RETURN_CONST                           103
-#define SEND                                   104
-#define SET_ADD                                105
-#define SET_FUNCTION_ATTRIBUTE                 106
-#define SET_UPDATE                             107
-#define STORE_ATTR                             108
-#define STORE_DEREF                            109
-#define STORE_FAST                             110
-#define STORE_FAST_LOAD_FAST                   111
-#define STORE_FAST_STORE_FAST                  112
-#define STORE_GLOBAL                           113
-#define STORE_NAME                             114
-#define SWAP                                   115
-#define UNPACK_EX                              116
-#define UNPACK_SEQUENCE                        117
-#define YIELD_VALUE                            118
+#define GET_LEN                                 18
+#define GET_YIELD_FROM_ITER                     19
+#define INTERPRETER_EXIT                        20
+#define LOAD_BUILD_CLASS                        21
+#define LOAD_LOCALS                             22
+#define MAKE_FUNCTION                           23
+#define MATCH_KEYS                              24
+#define MATCH_MAPPING                           25
+#define MATCH_SEQUENCE                          26
+#define NOP                                     27
+#define POP_EXCEPT                              28
+#define POP_TOP                                 29
+#define PUSH_EXC_INFO                           30
+#define PUSH_NULL                               31
+#define RETURN_GENERATOR                        32
+#define RETURN_VALUE                            33
+#define SETUP_ANNOTATIONS                       34
+#define STORE_SLICE                             35
+#define STORE_SUBSCR                            36
+#define TO_BOOL                                 37
+#define UNARY_INVERT                            38
+#define UNARY_NEGATIVE                          39
+#define UNARY_NOT                               40
+#define WITH_EXCEPT_START                       41
+#define BINARY_OP                               42
+#define BUILD_LIST                              43
+#define BUILD_MAP                               44
+#define BUILD_SET                               45
+#define BUILD_SLICE                             46
+#define BUILD_STRING                            47
+#define BUILD_TUPLE                             48
+#define CALL                                    49
+#define CALL_FUNCTION_EX                        50
+#define CALL_INTRINSIC_1                        51
+#define CALL_INTRINSIC_2                        52
+#define CALL_KW                                 53
+#define COMPARE_OP                              54
+#define CONTAINS_OP                             55
+#define CONVERT_VALUE                           56
+#define COPY                                    57
+#define COPY_FREE_VARS                          58
+#define DELETE_ATTR                             59
+#define DELETE_DEREF                            60
+#define DELETE_FAST                             61
+#define DELETE_GLOBAL                           62
+#define DELETE_NAME                             63
+#define DICT_MERGE                              64
+#define DICT_UPDATE                             65
+#define EXTENDED_ARG                            66
+#define FOR_ITER                                67
+#define GET_AWAITABLE                           68
+#define IMPORT_FROM                             69
+#define IMPORT_NAME                             70
+#define IS_OP                                   71
+#define JUMP_BACKWARD                           72
+#define JUMP_BACKWARD_NO_INTERRUPT              73
+#define JUMP_FORWARD                            74
+#define LIST_APPEND                             75
+#define LIST_EXTEND                             76
+#define LOAD_ATTR                               77
+#define LOAD_COMMON_CONSTANT                    78
+#define LOAD_CONST                              79
+#define LOAD_DEREF                              80
+#define LOAD_FAST                               81
+#define LOAD_FAST_AND_CLEAR                     82
+#define LOAD_FAST_CHECK                         83
+#define LOAD_FAST_LOAD_FAST                     84
+#define LOAD_FROM_DICT_OR_DEREF                 85
+#define LOAD_FROM_DICT_OR_GLOBALS               86
+#define LOAD_GLOBAL                             87
+#define LOAD_NAME                               88
+#define LOAD_SPECIAL                            89
+#define LOAD_SUPER_ATTR                         90
+#define MAKE_CELL                               91
+#define MAP_ADD                                 92
+#define MATCH_CLASS                             93
+#define POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE                       94
+#define POP_JUMP_IF_NONE                        95
+#define POP_JUMP_IF_NOT_NONE                    96
+#define POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE                        97
+#define RAISE_VARARGS                           98
+#define RERAISE                                 99
+#define RETURN_CONST                           100
+#define SEND                                   101
+#define SET_ADD                                102
+#define SET_FUNCTION_ATTRIBUTE                 103
+#define SET_UPDATE                             104
+#define STORE_ATTR                             105
+#define STORE_DEREF                            106
+#define STORE_FAST                             107
+#define STORE_FAST_LOAD_FAST                   108
+#define STORE_FAST_STORE_FAST                  109
+#define STORE_GLOBAL                           110
+#define STORE_NAME                             111
+#define SWAP                                   112
+#define UNPACK_EX                              113
+#define UNPACK_SEQUENCE                        114
+#define YIELD_VALUE                            115
 #define RESUME                                 149
 #define BINARY_OP_ADD_FLOAT                    150
 #define BINARY_OP_ADD_INT                      151
@@ -150,88 +147,96 @@ extern "C" {
 #define CALL_BUILTIN_FAST_WITH_KEYWORDS        167
 #define CALL_BUILTIN_O                         168
 #define CALL_ISINSTANCE                        169
-#define CALL_LEN                               170
-#define CALL_LIST_APPEND                       171
-#define CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_FAST            172
-#define CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_FAST_WITH_KEYWORDS 173
-#define CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_NOARGS          174
-#define CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_O               175
-#define CALL_NON_PY_GENERAL                    176
-#define CALL_PY_EXACT_ARGS                     177
-#define CALL_PY_GENERAL                        178
-#define CALL_STR_1                             179
-#define CALL_TUPLE_1                           180
-#define CALL_TYPE_1                            181
-#define COMPARE_OP_FLOAT                       182
-#define COMPARE_OP_INT                         183
-#define COMPARE_OP_STR                         184
-#define CONTAINS_OP_DICT                       185
-#define CONTAINS_OP_SET                        186
-#define FOR_ITER_GEN                           187
-#define FOR_ITER_LIST                          188
-#define FOR_ITER_RANGE                         189
-#define FOR_ITER_TUPLE                         190
-#define LOAD_ATTR_CLASS                        191
-#define LOAD_ATTR_GETATTRIBUTE_OVERRIDDEN      192
-#define LOAD_ATTR_INSTANCE_VALUE               193
-#define LOAD_ATTR_METHOD_LAZY_DICT             194
-#define LOAD_ATTR_METHOD_NO_DICT               195
-#define LOAD_ATTR_METHOD_WITH_VALUES           196
-#define LOAD_ATTR_MODULE                       197
-#define LOAD_ATTR_NONDESCRIPTOR_NO_DICT        198
-#define LOAD_ATTR_NONDESCRIPTOR_WITH_VALUES    199
-#define LOAD_ATTR_PROPERTY                     200
-#define LOAD_ATTR_SLOT                         201
-#define LOAD_ATTR_WITH_HINT                    202
-#define LOAD_GLOBAL_BUILTIN                    203
-#define LOAD_GLOBAL_MODULE                     204
-#define LOAD_SUPER_ATTR_ATTR                   205
-#define LOAD_SUPER_ATTR_METHOD                 206
-#define RESUME_CHECK                           207
-#define SEND_GEN                               208
-#define STORE_ATTR_INSTANCE_VALUE              209
-#define STORE_ATTR_SLOT                        210
-#define STORE_ATTR_WITH_HINT                   211
-#define STORE_SUBSCR_DICT                      212
-#define STORE_SUBSCR_LIST_INT                  213
-#define TO_BOOL_ALWAYS_TRUE                    214
-#define TO_BOOL_BOOL                           215
-#define TO_BOOL_INT                            216
-#define TO_BOOL_LIST                           217
-#define TO_BOOL_NONE                           218
-#define TO_BOOL_STR                            219
-#define UNPACK_SEQUENCE_LIST                   220
-#define UNPACK_SEQUENCE_TUPLE                  221
-#define UNPACK_SEQUENCE_TWO_TUPLE              222
-#define INSTRUMENTED_RESUME                    236
-#define INSTRUMENTED_END_FOR                   237
-#define INSTRUMENTED_END_SEND                  238
-#define INSTRUMENTED_RETURN_VALUE              239
-#define INSTRUMENTED_RETURN_CONST              240
-#define INSTRUMENTED_YIELD_VALUE               241
-#define INSTRUMENTED_LOAD_SUPER_ATTR           242
-#define INSTRUMENTED_FOR_ITER                  243
-#define INSTRUMENTED_CALL                      244
-#define INSTRUMENTED_CALL_KW                   245
-#define INSTRUMENTED_CALL_FUNCTION_EX          246
-#define INSTRUMENTED_INSTRUCTION               247
-#define INSTRUMENTED_JUMP_FORWARD              248
-#define INSTRUMENTED_JUMP_BACKWARD             249
-#define INSTRUMENTED_POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE          250
-#define INSTRUMENTED_POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE         251
-#define INSTRUMENTED_POP_JUMP_IF_NONE          252
-#define INSTRUMENTED_POP_JUMP_IF_NOT_NONE      253
+#define CALL_KW_BOUND_METHOD                   170
+#define CALL_KW_NON_PY                         171
+#define CALL_KW_PY                             172
+#define CALL_LEN                               173
+#define CALL_LIST_APPEND                       174
+#define CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_FAST            175
+#define CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_FAST_WITH_KEYWORDS 176
+#define CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_NOARGS          177
+#define CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_O               178
+#define CALL_NON_PY_GENERAL                    179
+#define CALL_PY_EXACT_ARGS                     180
+#define CALL_PY_GENERAL                        181
+#define CALL_STR_1                             182
+#define CALL_TUPLE_1                           183
+#define CALL_TYPE_1                            184
+#define COMPARE_OP_FLOAT                       185
+#define COMPARE_OP_INT                         186
+#define COMPARE_OP_STR                         187
+#define CONTAINS_OP_DICT                       188
+#define CONTAINS_OP_SET                        189
+#define FOR_ITER_GEN                           190
+#define FOR_ITER_LIST                          191
+#define FOR_ITER_RANGE                         192
+#define FOR_ITER_TUPLE                         193
+#define LOAD_ATTR_CLASS                        194
+#define LOAD_ATTR_CLASS_WITH_METACLASS_CHECK   195
+#define LOAD_ATTR_GETATTRIBUTE_OVERRIDDEN      196
+#define LOAD_ATTR_INSTANCE_VALUE               197
+#define LOAD_ATTR_METHOD_LAZY_DICT             198
+#define LOAD_ATTR_METHOD_NO_DICT               199
+#define LOAD_ATTR_METHOD_WITH_VALUES           200
+#define LOAD_ATTR_MODULE                       201
+#define LOAD_ATTR_NONDESCRIPTOR_NO_DICT        202
+#define LOAD_ATTR_NONDESCRIPTOR_WITH_VALUES    203
+#define LOAD_ATTR_PROPERTY                     204
+#define LOAD_ATTR_SLOT                         205
+#define LOAD_ATTR_WITH_HINT                    206
+#define LOAD_GLOBAL_BUILTIN                    207
+#define LOAD_GLOBAL_MODULE                     208
+#define LOAD_SUPER_ATTR_ATTR                   209
+#define LOAD_SUPER_ATTR_METHOD                 210
+#define RESUME_CHECK                           211
+#define SEND_GEN                               212
+#define STORE_ATTR_INSTANCE_VALUE              213
+#define STORE_ATTR_SLOT                        214
+#define STORE_ATTR_WITH_HINT                   215
+#define STORE_SUBSCR_DICT                      216
+#define STORE_SUBSCR_LIST_INT                  217
+#define TO_BOOL_ALWAYS_TRUE                    218
+#define TO_BOOL_BOOL                           219
+#define TO_BOOL_INT                            220
+#define TO_BOOL_LIST                           221
+#define TO_BOOL_NONE                           222
+#define TO_BOOL_STR                            223
+#define UNPACK_SEQUENCE_LIST                   224
+#define UNPACK_SEQUENCE_TUPLE                  225
+#define UNPACK_SEQUENCE_TWO_TUPLE              226
+#define INSTRUMENTED_END_FOR                   236
+#define INSTRUMENTED_END_SEND                  237
+#define INSTRUMENTED_LOAD_SUPER_ATTR           238
+#define INSTRUMENTED_FOR_ITER                  239
+#define INSTRUMENTED_CALL_KW                   240
+#define INSTRUMENTED_CALL_FUNCTION_EX          241
+#define INSTRUMENTED_INSTRUCTION               242
+#define INSTRUMENTED_JUMP_FORWARD              243
+#define INSTRUMENTED_POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE          244
+#define INSTRUMENTED_POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE         245
+#define INSTRUMENTED_POP_JUMP_IF_NONE          246
+#define INSTRUMENTED_POP_JUMP_IF_NOT_NONE      247
+#define INSTRUMENTED_RESUME                    248
+#define INSTRUMENTED_RETURN_VALUE              249
+#define INSTRUMENTED_RETURN_CONST              250
+#define INSTRUMENTED_YIELD_VALUE               251
+#define INSTRUMENTED_CALL                      252
+#define INSTRUMENTED_JUMP_BACKWARD             253
 #define INSTRUMENTED_LINE                      254
+#define ENTER_EXECUTOR                         255
 #define JUMP                                   256
-#define JUMP_NO_INTERRUPT                      257
-#define LOAD_CLOSURE                           258
-#define POP_BLOCK                              259
-#define SETUP_CLEANUP                          260
-#define SETUP_FINALLY                          261
-#define SETUP_WITH                             262
-#define STORE_FAST_MAYBE_NULL                  263
+#define JUMP_IF_FALSE                          257
+#define JUMP_IF_TRUE                           258
+#define JUMP_NO_INTERRUPT                      259
+#define LOAD_CLOSURE                           260
+#define POP_BLOCK                              261
+#define SETUP_CLEANUP                          262
+#define SETUP_FINALLY                          263
+#define SETUP_WITH                             264
+#define STORE_FAST_MAYBE_NULL                  265
 
-#define HAVE_ARGUMENT                           43
+#define HAVE_ARGUMENT                           41
+#define MIN_SPECIALIZED_OPCODE                 150
 #define MIN_INSTRUMENTED_OPCODE                236
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
diff --git a/Include/patchlevel.h b/Include/patchlevel.h
index d63af11dbd220a..f7b33a8038570b 100644
--- a/Include/patchlevel.h
+++ b/Include/patchlevel.h
@@ -20,10 +20,10 @@
 #define PY_MINOR_VERSION        14
 #define PY_MICRO_VERSION        0
 #define PY_RELEASE_LEVEL        PY_RELEASE_LEVEL_ALPHA
-#define PY_RELEASE_SERIAL       0
+#define PY_RELEASE_SERIAL       1
 
 /* Version as a string */
-#define PY_VERSION              "3.14.0a0"
+#define PY_VERSION              "3.14.0a1+"
 /*--end constants--*/
 
 /* Version as a single 4-byte hex number, e.g. 0x010502B2 == 1.5.2b2.
diff --git a/Include/py_curses.h b/Include/py_curses.h
index a51d9980eee401..e11bfedb17d205 100644
--- a/Include/py_curses.h
+++ b/Include/py_curses.h
@@ -36,13 +36,21 @@
 #define NCURSES_OPAQUE 0
 #endif
 
-#ifdef HAVE_NCURSES_H
-#include <ncurses.h>
-#else
-#include <curses.h>
+#if defined(HAVE_NCURSESW_NCURSES_H)
+#  include <ncursesw/ncurses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_NCURSESW_CURSES_H)
+#  include <ncursesw/curses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_NCURSES_NCURSES_H)
+#  include <ncurses/ncurses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_NCURSES_CURSES_H)
+#  include <ncurses/curses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_NCURSES_H)
+#  include <ncurses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_CURSES_H)
+#  include <curses.h>
 #endif
 
-#ifdef HAVE_NCURSES_H
+#ifdef NCURSES_VERSION
 /* configure was checking <curses.h>, but we will
    use <ncurses.h>, which has some or all these features. */
 #if !defined(WINDOW_HAS_FLAGS) && \
@@ -73,8 +81,6 @@ typedef struct {
     char *encoding;
 } PyCursesWindowObject;
 
-#define PyCursesWindow_Check(v) Py_IS_TYPE((v), &PyCursesWindow_Type)
-
 #define PyCurses_CAPSULE_NAME "_curses._C_API"
 
 
@@ -91,6 +97,8 @@ static void **PyCurses_API;
 #define PyCursesInitialised      {if (! ((int (*)(void))PyCurses_API[2]) () ) return NULL;}
 #define PyCursesInitialisedColor {if (! ((int (*)(void))PyCurses_API[3]) () ) return NULL;}
 
+#define PyCursesWindow_Check(v)     Py_IS_TYPE((v), &PyCursesWindow_Type)
+
 #define import_curses() \
     PyCurses_API = (void **)PyCapsule_Import(PyCurses_CAPSULE_NAME, 1);
 
diff --git a/Include/pyerrors.h b/Include/pyerrors.h
index 68d7985dac8876..5d0028c116e2d8 100644
--- a/Include/pyerrors.h
+++ b/Include/pyerrors.h
@@ -108,7 +108,6 @@ PyAPI_DATA(PyObject *) PyExc_NotImplementedError;
 PyAPI_DATA(PyObject *) PyExc_SyntaxError;
 PyAPI_DATA(PyObject *) PyExc_IndentationError;
 PyAPI_DATA(PyObject *) PyExc_TabError;
-PyAPI_DATA(PyObject *) PyExc_IncompleteInputError;
 PyAPI_DATA(PyObject *) PyExc_ReferenceError;
 PyAPI_DATA(PyObject *) PyExc_SystemError;
 PyAPI_DATA(PyObject *) PyExc_SystemExit;
diff --git a/Include/pymacro.h b/Include/pymacro.h
index b388c2a4a663ce..e0378f9d27a048 100644
--- a/Include/pymacro.h
+++ b/Include/pymacro.h
@@ -15,11 +15,11 @@
 // MSVC makes static_assert a keyword in C11-17, contrary to the standards.
 //
 // In C++11 and C2x, static_assert is a keyword, redefining is undefined
-// behaviour. So only define if building as C (if __STDC_VERSION__ is defined),
-// not C++, and only for C11-17.
+// behaviour. So only define if building as C, not C++ (if __cplusplus is
+// not defined), and only for C11-17.
 #if !defined(static_assert) && (defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)) \
-     && defined(__STDC_VERSION__) && __STDC_VERSION__ >= 201112L \
-     && __STDC_VERSION__ <= 201710L
+     && !defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__STDC_VERSION__) \
+     && __STDC_VERSION__ >= 201112L && __STDC_VERSION__ <= 201710L
 #  define static_assert _Static_assert
 #endif
 
@@ -46,7 +46,8 @@
 /* Argument must be a char or an int in [-128, 127] or [0, 255]. */
 #define Py_CHARMASK(c) ((unsigned char)((c) & 0xff))
 
-#if defined(__STDC_VERSION__) && __STDC_VERSION__ >= 201112L
+#if (defined(__STDC_VERSION__) && __STDC_VERSION__ >= 201112L \
+     && !defined(__cplusplus) && !defined(_MSC_VER))
 #  define Py_BUILD_ASSERT_EXPR(cond) \
     ((void)sizeof(struct { int dummy; _Static_assert(cond, #cond); }), \
      0)
diff --git a/Include/pyport.h b/Include/pyport.h
index 1f7a9b41e0ae2b..2b6bd4c21110e5 100644
--- a/Include/pyport.h
+++ b/Include/pyport.h
@@ -9,6 +9,24 @@
 #endif
 
 
+// Preprocessor check for a builtin preprocessor function. Always return 0
+// if __has_builtin() macro is not defined.
+//
+// __has_builtin() is available on clang and GCC 10.
+#ifdef __has_builtin
+#  define _Py__has_builtin(x) __has_builtin(x)
+#else
+#  define _Py__has_builtin(x) 0
+#endif
+
+// Preprocessor check for a compiler __attribute__. Always return 0
+// if __has_attribute() macro is not defined.
+#ifdef __has_attribute
+#  define _Py__has_attribute(x) __has_attribute(x)
+#else
+#  define _Py__has_attribute(x) 0
+#endif
+
 // Macro to use C++ static_cast<> in the Python C API.
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 #  define _Py_STATIC_CAST(type, expr) static_cast<type>(expr)
@@ -532,16 +550,6 @@ extern "C" {
 #endif
 
 
-// Preprocessor check for a builtin preprocessor function. Always return 0
-// if __has_builtin() macro is not defined.
-//
-// __has_builtin() is available on clang and GCC 10.
-#ifdef __has_builtin
-#  define _Py__has_builtin(x) __has_builtin(x)
-#else
-#  define _Py__has_builtin(x) 0
-#endif
-
 // _Py_TYPEOF(expr) gets the type of an expression.
 //
 // Example: _Py_TYPEOF(x) x_copy = (x);
@@ -607,4 +615,21 @@ extern "C" {
 #  define _SGI_MP_SOURCE
 #endif
 
+// Explicit fallthrough in switch case to avoid warnings
+// with compiler flag -Wimplicit-fallthrough.
+//
+// Usage example:
+//
+//     switch (value) {
+//     case 1: _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
+//     case 2: code; break;
+//     }
+//
+// __attribute__((fallthrough)) was introduced in GCC 7.
+#if _Py__has_attribute(fallthrough)
+#  define _Py_FALLTHROUGH __attribute__((fallthrough))
+#else
+#  define _Py_FALLTHROUGH do { } while (0)
+#endif
+
 #endif /* Py_PYPORT_H */
diff --git a/Include/pystats.h b/Include/pystats.h
index acfa32201711e0..a515570d1bb3bc 100644
--- a/Include/pystats.h
+++ b/Include/pystats.h
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@ extern "C" {
 #else
 #  define _Py_INCREF_STAT_INC() ((void)0)
 #  define _Py_DECREF_STAT_INC() ((void)0)
+#  define _Py_INCREF_IMMORTAL_STAT_INC() ((void)0)
+#  define _Py_DECREF_IMMORTAL_STAT_INC() ((void)0)
 #endif  // !Py_STATS
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
diff --git a/Include/pythread.h b/Include/pythread.h
index a3216c51d66165..82247daf8e0aa0 100644
--- a/Include/pythread.h
+++ b/Include/pythread.h
@@ -17,7 +17,26 @@ typedef enum PyLockStatus {
 
 PyAPI_FUNC(void) PyThread_init_thread(void);
 PyAPI_FUNC(unsigned long) PyThread_start_new_thread(void (*)(void *), void *);
-PyAPI_FUNC(void) _Py_NO_RETURN PyThread_exit_thread(void);
+/* Terminates the current thread. Considered unsafe.
+ *
+ * WARNING: This function is only safe to call if all functions in the full call
+ * stack are written to safely allow it.  Additionally, the behavior is
+ * platform-dependent.  This function should be avoided, and is no longer called
+ * by Python itself.  It is retained only for compatibility with existing C
+ * extension code.
+ *
+ * With pthreads, calls `pthread_exit` causes some libcs (glibc?) to attempt to
+ * unwind the stack and call C++ destructors; if a `noexcept` function is
+ * reached, they may terminate the process. Others (macOS) do unwinding.
+ *
+ * On Windows, calls `_endthreadex` which kills the thread without calling C++
+ * destructors.
+ *
+ * In either case there is a risk of invalid references remaining to data on the
+ * thread stack.
+ */
+Py_DEPRECATED(3.14) PyAPI_FUNC(void) _Py_NO_RETURN PyThread_exit_thread(void);
+
 PyAPI_FUNC(unsigned long) PyThread_get_thread_ident(void);
 
 #if (defined(__APPLE__) || defined(__linux__) || defined(_WIN32) \
diff --git a/Include/refcount.h b/Include/refcount.h
index a0bd2087fb1b57..141cbd34dd72e6 100644
--- a/Include/refcount.h
+++ b/Include/refcount.h
@@ -21,25 +21,30 @@ cleanup during runtime finalization.
 
 #if SIZEOF_VOID_P > 4
 /*
-In 64+ bit systems, an object will be marked as immortal by setting all of the
-lower 32 bits of the reference count field, which is equal to: 0xFFFFFFFF
+In 64+ bit systems, any object whose 32 bit reference count is >= 2**31
+will be treated as immortal.
 
 Using the lower 32 bits makes the value backwards compatible by allowing
 C-Extensions without the updated checks in Py_INCREF and Py_DECREF to safely
-increase and decrease the objects reference count. The object would lose its
-immortality, but the execution would still be correct.
+increase and decrease the objects reference count.
+
+In order to offer sufficient resilience to C extensions using the stable ABI
+compiled against 3.11 or earlier, we set the initial value near the
+middle of the range (2**31, 2**32). That way the the refcount can be
+off by ~1 billion without affecting immortality.
 
 Reference count increases will use saturated arithmetic, taking advantage of
 having all the lower 32 bits set, which will avoid the reference count to go
 beyond the refcount limit. Immortality checks for reference count decreases will
 be done by checking the bit sign flag in the lower 32 bits.
+
 */
-#define _Py_IMMORTAL_REFCNT _Py_CAST(Py_ssize_t, UINT_MAX)
+#define _Py_IMMORTAL_INITIAL_REFCNT ((Py_ssize_t)(3UL << 30))
 
 #else
 /*
-In 32 bit systems, an object will be marked as immortal by setting all of the
-lower 30 bits of the reference count field, which is equal to: 0x3FFFFFFF
+In 32 bit systems, an object will be treated as immortal if its reference
+count equals or exceeds _Py_IMMORTAL_MINIMUM_REFCNT (2**30).
 
 Using the lower 30 bits makes the value backwards compatible by allowing
 C-Extensions without the updated checks in Py_INCREF and Py_DECREF to safely
@@ -47,9 +52,10 @@ increase and decrease the objects reference count. The object would lose its
 immortality, but the execution would still be correct.
 
 Reference count increases and decreases will first go through an immortality
-check by comparing the reference count field to the immortality reference count.
+check by comparing the reference count field to the minimum immortality refcount.
 */
-#define _Py_IMMORTAL_REFCNT _Py_CAST(Py_ssize_t, UINT_MAX >> 2)
+#define _Py_IMMORTAL_INITIAL_REFCNT ((Py_ssize_t)(3L << 29))
+#define _Py_IMMORTAL_MINIMUM_REFCNT ((Py_ssize_t)(1L << 30))
 #endif
 
 // Py_GIL_DISABLED builds indicate immortal objects using `ob_ref_local`, which is
@@ -77,21 +83,29 @@ check by comparing the reference count field to the immortality reference count.
 #endif  // Py_GIL_DISABLED
 
 
-static inline Py_ssize_t Py_REFCNT(PyObject *ob) {
-#if !defined(Py_GIL_DISABLED)
-    return ob->ob_refcnt;
+// Py_REFCNT() implementation for the stable ABI
+PyAPI_FUNC(Py_ssize_t) Py_REFCNT(PyObject *ob);
+
+#if defined(Py_LIMITED_API) && Py_LIMITED_API+0 >= 0x030e0000
+    // Stable ABI implements Py_REFCNT() as a function call
+    // on limited C API version 3.14 and newer.
 #else
-    uint32_t local = _Py_atomic_load_uint32_relaxed(&ob->ob_ref_local);
-    if (local == _Py_IMMORTAL_REFCNT_LOCAL) {
-        return _Py_IMMORTAL_REFCNT;
+    static inline Py_ssize_t _Py_REFCNT(PyObject *ob) {
+    #if !defined(Py_GIL_DISABLED)
+        return ob->ob_refcnt;
+    #else
+        uint32_t local = _Py_atomic_load_uint32_relaxed(&ob->ob_ref_local);
+        if (local == _Py_IMMORTAL_REFCNT_LOCAL) {
+            return _Py_IMMORTAL_INITIAL_REFCNT;
+        }
+        Py_ssize_t shared = _Py_atomic_load_ssize_relaxed(&ob->ob_ref_shared);
+        return _Py_STATIC_CAST(Py_ssize_t, local) +
+               Py_ARITHMETIC_RIGHT_SHIFT(Py_ssize_t, shared, _Py_REF_SHARED_SHIFT);
+    #endif
     }
-    Py_ssize_t shared = _Py_atomic_load_ssize_relaxed(&ob->ob_ref_shared);
-    return _Py_STATIC_CAST(Py_ssize_t, local) +
-           Py_ARITHMETIC_RIGHT_SHIFT(Py_ssize_t, shared, _Py_REF_SHARED_SHIFT);
-#endif
-}
-#if !defined(Py_LIMITED_API) || Py_LIMITED_API+0 < 0x030b0000
-#  define Py_REFCNT(ob) Py_REFCNT(_PyObject_CAST(ob))
+    #if !defined(Py_LIMITED_API) || Py_LIMITED_API+0 < 0x030b0000
+    #  define Py_REFCNT(ob) _Py_REFCNT(_PyObject_CAST(ob))
+    #endif
 #endif
 
 
@@ -101,9 +115,9 @@ static inline Py_ALWAYS_INLINE int _Py_IsImmortal(PyObject *op)
     return (_Py_atomic_load_uint32_relaxed(&op->ob_ref_local) ==
             _Py_IMMORTAL_REFCNT_LOCAL);
 #elif SIZEOF_VOID_P > 4
-    return (_Py_CAST(PY_INT32_T, op->ob_refcnt) < 0);
+    return _Py_CAST(PY_INT32_T, op->ob_refcnt) < 0;
 #else
-    return (op->ob_refcnt == _Py_IMMORTAL_REFCNT);
+    return op->ob_refcnt >= _Py_IMMORTAL_MINIMUM_REFCNT;
 #endif
 }
 #define _Py_IsImmortal(op) _Py_IsImmortal(_PyObject_CAST(op))
@@ -227,7 +241,8 @@ static inline Py_ALWAYS_INLINE void Py_INCREF(PyObject *op)
     uint32_t local = _Py_atomic_load_uint32_relaxed(&op->ob_ref_local);
     uint32_t new_local = local + 1;
     if (new_local == 0) {
-        // local is equal to _Py_IMMORTAL_REFCNT: do nothing
+        _Py_INCREF_IMMORTAL_STAT_INC();
+        // local is equal to _Py_IMMORTAL_REFCNT_LOCAL: do nothing
         return;
     }
     if (_Py_IsOwnedByCurrentThread(op)) {
@@ -237,18 +252,16 @@ static inline Py_ALWAYS_INLINE void Py_INCREF(PyObject *op)
         _Py_atomic_add_ssize(&op->ob_ref_shared, (1 << _Py_REF_SHARED_SHIFT));
     }
 #elif SIZEOF_VOID_P > 4
-    // Portable saturated add, branching on the carry flag and set low bits
     PY_UINT32_T cur_refcnt = op->ob_refcnt_split[PY_BIG_ENDIAN];
-    PY_UINT32_T new_refcnt = cur_refcnt + 1;
-    if (new_refcnt == 0) {
-        // cur_refcnt is equal to _Py_IMMORTAL_REFCNT: the object is immortal,
-        // do nothing
+    if (((int32_t)cur_refcnt) < 0) {
+        // the object is immortal
+        _Py_INCREF_IMMORTAL_STAT_INC();
         return;
     }
-    op->ob_refcnt_split[PY_BIG_ENDIAN] = new_refcnt;
+    op->ob_refcnt_split[PY_BIG_ENDIAN] = cur_refcnt + 1;
 #else
-    // Explicitly check immortality against the immortal value
     if (_Py_IsImmortal(op)) {
+        _Py_INCREF_IMMORTAL_STAT_INC();
         return;
     }
     op->ob_refcnt++;
@@ -295,6 +308,7 @@ static inline void Py_DECREF(const char *filename, int lineno, PyObject *op)
 {
     uint32_t local = _Py_atomic_load_uint32_relaxed(&op->ob_ref_local);
     if (local == _Py_IMMORTAL_REFCNT_LOCAL) {
+        _Py_DECREF_IMMORTAL_STAT_INC();
         return;
     }
     _Py_DECREF_STAT_INC();
@@ -320,6 +334,7 @@ static inline void Py_DECREF(PyObject *op)
 {
     uint32_t local = _Py_atomic_load_uint32_relaxed(&op->ob_ref_local);
     if (local == _Py_IMMORTAL_REFCNT_LOCAL) {
+        _Py_DECREF_IMMORTAL_STAT_INC();
         return;
     }
     _Py_DECREF_STAT_INC();
@@ -343,6 +358,7 @@ static inline void Py_DECREF(const char *filename, int lineno, PyObject *op)
         _Py_NegativeRefcount(filename, lineno, op);
     }
     if (_Py_IsImmortal(op)) {
+        _Py_DECREF_IMMORTAL_STAT_INC();
         return;
     }
     _Py_DECREF_STAT_INC();
@@ -359,6 +375,7 @@ static inline Py_ALWAYS_INLINE void Py_DECREF(PyObject *op)
     // Non-limited C API and limited C API for Python 3.9 and older access
     // directly PyObject.ob_refcnt.
     if (_Py_IsImmortal(op)) {
+        _Py_DECREF_IMMORTAL_STAT_INC();
         return;
     }
     _Py_DECREF_STAT_INC();
diff --git a/Include/sysmodule.h b/Include/sysmodule.h
index 5a0af2e1578eb7..c1d5f610fe08a5 100644
--- a/Include/sysmodule.h
+++ b/Include/sysmodule.h
@@ -21,23 +21,6 @@ Py_DEPRECATED(3.13) PyAPI_FUNC(void) PySys_ResetWarnOptions(void);
 
 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PySys_GetXOptions(void);
 
-#if !defined(Py_LIMITED_API) || Py_LIMITED_API+0 >= 0x030d0000
-PyAPI_FUNC(int) PySys_Audit(
-    const char *event,
-    const char *argFormat,
-    ...);
-
-PyAPI_FUNC(int) PySys_AuditTuple(
-    const char *event,
-    PyObject *args);
-#endif
-
-#ifndef Py_LIMITED_API
-#  define Py_CPYTHON_SYSMODULE_H
-#  include "cpython/sysmodule.h"
-#  undef Py_CPYTHON_SYSMODULE_H
-#endif
-
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif
diff --git a/Include/typeslots.h b/Include/typeslots.h
index 506b05580de146..a7f3017ec02e92 100644
--- a/Include/typeslots.h
+++ b/Include/typeslots.h
@@ -86,3 +86,11 @@
 /* New in 3.10 */
 #define Py_am_send 81
 #endif
+#if !defined(Py_LIMITED_API) || Py_LIMITED_API+0 >= 0x030E0000
+/* New in 3.14 */
+#define Py_tp_vectorcall 82
+#endif
+#if !defined(Py_LIMITED_API) || Py_LIMITED_API+0 >= 0x030E0000
+/* New in 3.14 */
+#define Py_tp_token 83
+#endif
diff --git a/Include/unicodeobject.h b/Include/unicodeobject.h
index dee00715b3c51d..2ce3a008b7129e 100644
--- a/Include/unicodeobject.h
+++ b/Include/unicodeobject.h
@@ -966,6 +966,10 @@ PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyUnicode_EqualToUTF8(PyObject *, const char *);
 PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyUnicode_EqualToUTF8AndSize(PyObject *, const char *, Py_ssize_t);
 #endif
 
+#if !defined(Py_LIMITED_API) || Py_LIMITED_API+0 >= 0x030e0000
+PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyUnicode_Equal(PyObject *str1, PyObject *str2);
+#endif
+
 /* Rich compare two strings and return one of the following:
 
    - NULL in case an exception was raised
diff --git a/InternalDocs/README.md b/InternalDocs/README.md
index a2502fbf198735..2ef6e653ac19d4 100644
--- a/InternalDocs/README.md
+++ b/InternalDocs/README.md
@@ -12,6 +12,33 @@ it is not, please report that through the
 [issue tracker](https://github.com/python/cpython/issues).
 
 
-[Exception Handling](exception_handling.md)
+Compiling Python Source Code
+---
 
-[Adaptive Instruction Families](adaptive.md)
+- [Guide to the parser](parser.md)
+
+- [Compiler Design](compiler.md)
+
+- [Changing Python's Grammar](changing_grammar.md)
+
+Runtime Objects
+---
+
+- [Code Objects (coming soon)](code_objects.md)
+
+- [The Source Code Locations Table](locations.md)
+
+- [Generators (coming soon)](generators.md)
+
+- [Frames](frames.md)
+
+Program Execution
+---
+
+- [The Interpreter](interpreter.md)
+
+- [Adaptive Instruction Families](adaptive.md)
+
+- [Garbage Collector Design](garbage_collector.md)
+
+- [Exception Handling](exception_handling.md)
diff --git a/InternalDocs/adaptive.md b/InternalDocs/adaptive.md
index 09245730b271fa..4ae9e85b387f39 100644
--- a/InternalDocs/adaptive.md
+++ b/InternalDocs/adaptive.md
@@ -31,8 +31,7 @@ although these are not fundamental and may change:
 
 ## Example family
 
-The `LOAD_GLOBAL` instruction (in
-[Python/bytecodes.c](https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/main/Python/bytecodes.c))
+The `LOAD_GLOBAL` instruction (in [Python/bytecodes.c](../Python/bytecodes.c))
 already has an adaptive family that serves as a relatively simple example.
 
 The `LOAD_GLOBAL` instruction performs adaptive specialization,
diff --git a/InternalDocs/changing_grammar.md b/InternalDocs/changing_grammar.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..1a5eebdc1418dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/InternalDocs/changing_grammar.md
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+# Changing CPython's grammar
+
+There's more to changing Python's grammar than editing
+[`Grammar/python.gram`](../Grammar/python.gram).
+Below is a checklist of things that may need to change.
+
+> [!NOTE]
+>
+> Many of these changes require re-generating some of the derived
+> files. If things mysteriously don't work, it may help to run
+> ``make clean``.
+
+## Checklist
+
+* [`Grammar/python.gram`](../Grammar/python.gram): The grammar definition,
+  with actions that build AST nodes.
+  After changing it, run ``make regen-pegen`` (or ``build.bat --regen`` on Windows),
+  to regenerate [`Parser/parser.c`](../Parser/parser.c).
+  (This runs Python's parser generator, [`Tools/peg_generator`](../Tools/peg_generator)).
+
+* [`Grammar/Tokens`](../Grammar/Tokens) is a place for adding new token types.  After
+  changing it, run ``make regen-token`` to regenerate
+  [`Include/internal/pycore_token.h`](../Include/internal/pycore_token.h),
+  [`Parser/token.c`](../Parser/token.c), [`Lib/token.py`](../Lib/token.py)
+  and [`Doc/library/token-list.inc`](../Doc/library/token-list.inc).
+  If you change both ``python.gram`` and ``Tokens``, run ``make regen-token``
+  before ``make regen-pegen``.
+  On Windows, ``build.bat --regen`` will regenerate both at the same time.
+
+* [`Parser/Python.asdl`](../Parser/Python.asdl) may need changes to match the grammar.
+  Then run ``make regen-ast`` to regenerate
+  [`Include/internal/pycore_ast.h`](../Include/internal/pycore_ast.h) and
+  [`Python/Python-ast.c`](../Python/Python-ast.c).
+
+* [`Parser/lexer/`](../Parser/lexer/) contains the tokenization code.
+  This is where you would add a new type of comment or string literal, for example.
+
+* [`Python/ast.c`](../Python/ast.c) will need changes to validate AST objects
+  involved with the grammar change.
+
+* [`Python/ast_unparse.c`](../Python/ast_unparse.c) will need changes to unparse
+  AST involved with the grammar change ("unparsing" is used to turn annotations
+  into strings per [PEP 563](https://peps.python.org/pep-0563/).
+
+* The [`compiler`](compiler.md) may need to change when there are changes
+  to the `AST`.
+
+* ``_Unparser`` in the [`Lib/ast.py`](../Lib/ast.py) file may need changes
+  to accommodate any modifications in the AST nodes.
+
+* [`Doc/library/ast.rst`](../Doc/library/ast.rst) may need to be updated
+  to reflect changes to AST nodes.
+
+* Add some usage of your new syntax to ``test_grammar.py``.
+
+* Certain changes may require tweaks to the library module
+  [`pyclbr`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/pyclbr.html#module-pyclbr).
+
+* [`Lib/tokenize.py`](../Lib/tokenize.py) needs changes to match changes
+  to the tokenizer.
+
+* Documentation must be written! Specifically, one or more of the pages in
+  [`Doc/reference/`](../Doc/reference/) will need to be updated.
diff --git a/InternalDocs/code_objects.md b/InternalDocs/code_objects.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..284a8b7aee5765
--- /dev/null
+++ b/InternalDocs/code_objects.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+
+Code objects
+============ 
+
+Coming soon.
diff --git a/InternalDocs/compiler.md b/InternalDocs/compiler.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..0da4670c792cb5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/InternalDocs/compiler.md
@@ -0,0 +1,621 @@
+
+Compiler design
+===============
+
+Abstract
+--------
+
+In CPython, the compilation from source code to bytecode involves several steps:
+
+1. Tokenize the source code [Parser/lexer/](../Parser/lexer/)
+   and [Parser/tokenizer/](../Parser/tokenizer/).
+2. Parse the stream of tokens into an Abstract Syntax Tree
+   [Parser/parser.c](../Parser/parser.c).
+3. Transform AST into an instruction sequence
+   [Python/compile.c](../Python/compile.c).
+4. Construct a Control Flow Graph and apply optimizations to it
+   [Python/flowgraph.c](../Python/flowgraph.c).
+5. Emit bytecode based on the Control Flow Graph
+   [Python/assemble.c](../Python/assemble.c).
+
+This document outlines how these steps of the process work.
+
+This document only describes parsing in enough depth to explain what is needed
+for understanding compilation.  This document provides a detailed, though not
+exhaustive, view of the how the entire system works.  You will most likely need
+to read some source code to have an exact understanding of all details.
+
+
+Parsing
+=======
+
+As of Python 3.9, Python's parser is a PEG parser of a somewhat
+unusual design. It is unusual in the sense that the parser's input is a stream
+of tokens rather than a stream of characters which is more common with PEG
+parsers.
+
+The grammar file for Python can be found in
+[Grammar/python.gram](../Grammar/python.gram).
+The definitions for literal tokens (such as `:`, numbers, etc.) can be found in
+[Grammar/Tokens](../Grammar/Tokens).  Various C files, including
+[Parser/parser.c](../Parser/parser.c) are generated from these.
+
+See Also:
+
+* [Guide to the parser](https://devguide.python.org/internals/parser/index.html)
+  for a detailed description of the parser.
+
+* [Changing CPython’s grammar](https://devguide.python.org/developer-workflow/grammar/#grammar)
+  for a detailed description of the grammar.
+
+
+Abstract syntax trees (AST)
+===========================
+
+
+The abstract syntax tree (AST) is a high-level representation of the
+program structure without the necessity of containing the source code;
+it can be thought of as an abstract representation of the source code.  The
+specification of the AST nodes is specified using the Zephyr Abstract
+Syntax Definition Language (ASDL) [^1], [^2].
+
+The definition of the AST nodes for Python is found in the file
+[Parser/Python.asdl](../Parser/Python.asdl).
+
+Each AST node (representing statements, expressions, and several
+specialized types, like list comprehensions and exception handlers) is
+defined by the ASDL.  Most definitions in the AST correspond to a
+particular source construct, such as an 'if' statement or an attribute
+lookup.  The definition is independent of its realization in any
+particular programming language.
+
+The following fragment of the Python ASDL construct demonstrates the
+approach and syntax:
+
+```
+   module Python
+   {
+       stmt = FunctionDef(identifier name, arguments args, stmt* body,
+                          expr* decorators)
+              | Return(expr? value) | Yield(expr? value)
+              attributes (int lineno)
+   }
+```
+
+The preceding example describes two different kinds of statements and an
+expression: function definitions, return statements, and yield expressions.
+All three kinds are considered of type `stmt` as shown by `|` separating
+the various kinds.  They all take arguments of various kinds and amounts.
+
+Modifiers on the argument type specify the number of values needed; `?`
+means it is optional, `*` means 0 or more, while no modifier means only one
+value for the argument and it is required.  `FunctionDef`, for instance,
+takes an `identifier` for the *name*, `arguments` for *args*, zero or more
+`stmt` arguments for *body*, and zero or more `expr` arguments for
+*decorators*.
+
+Do notice that something like 'arguments', which is a node type, is
+represented as a single AST node and not as a sequence of nodes as with
+stmt as one might expect.
+
+All three kinds also have an 'attributes' argument; this is shown by the
+fact that 'attributes' lacks a '|' before it.
+
+The statement definitions above generate the following C structure type:
+
+
+```
+  typedef struct _stmt *stmt_ty;
+
+  struct _stmt {
+        enum { FunctionDef_kind=1, Return_kind=2, Yield_kind=3 } kind;
+        union {
+                struct {
+                        identifier name;
+                        arguments_ty args;
+                        asdl_seq *body;
+                } FunctionDef;
+
+                struct {
+                        expr_ty value;
+                } Return;
+
+                struct {
+                        expr_ty value;
+                } Yield;
+        } v;
+        int lineno;
+   }
+```
+
+Also generated are a series of constructor functions that allocate (in
+this case) a `stmt_ty` struct with the appropriate initialization.  The
+`kind` field specifies which component of the union is initialized.  The
+`FunctionDef()` constructor function sets 'kind' to `FunctionDef_kind` and
+initializes the *name*, *args*, *body*, and *attributes* fields.
+
+See also
+[Green Tree Snakes - The missing Python AST docs](https://greentreesnakes.readthedocs.io/en/latest)
+ by Thomas Kluyver.
+
+Memory management
+=================
+
+Before discussing the actual implementation of the compiler, a discussion of
+how memory is handled is in order.  To make memory management simple, an **arena**
+is used that pools memory in a single location for easy
+allocation and removal.  This enables the removal of explicit memory
+deallocation.  Because memory allocation for all needed memory in the compiler
+registers that memory with the arena, a single call to free the arena is all
+that is needed to completely free all memory used by the compiler.
+
+In general, unless you are working on the critical core of the compiler, memory
+management can be completely ignored.  But if you are working at either the
+very beginning of the compiler or the end, you need to care about how the arena
+works.  All code relating to the arena is in either
+[Include/internal/pycore_pyarena.h](../Include/internal/pycore_pyarena.h)
+or [Python/pyarena.c](../Python/pyarena.c).
+
+`PyArena_New()` will create a new arena.  The returned `PyArena` structure
+will store pointers to all memory given to it.  This does the bookkeeping of
+what memory needs to be freed when the compiler is finished with the memory it
+used. That freeing is done with `PyArena_Free()`.  This only needs to be
+called in strategic areas where the compiler exits.
+
+As stated above, in general you should not have to worry about memory
+management when working on the compiler.  The technical details of memory
+management have been designed to be hidden from you for most cases.
+
+The only exception comes about when managing a PyObject.  Since the rest
+of Python uses reference counting, there is extra support added
+to the arena to cleanup each PyObject that was allocated.  These cases
+are very rare.  However, if you've allocated a PyObject, you must tell
+the arena about it by calling `PyArena_AddPyObject()`.
+
+
+Source code to AST
+==================
+
+The AST is generated from source code using the function
+`_PyParser_ASTFromString()` or `_PyParser_ASTFromFile()`
+[Parser/peg_api.c](../Parser/peg_api.c).
+
+After some checks, a helper function in
+[Parser/parser.c](../Parser/parser.c)
+begins applying production rules on the source code it receives; converting source
+code to tokens and matching these tokens recursively to their corresponding rule.  The
+production rule's corresponding rule function is called on every match.  These rule
+functions follow the format `xx_rule`.  Where *xx* is the grammar rule
+that the function handles and is automatically derived from
+[Grammar/python.gram](../Grammar/python.gram) by
+[Tools/peg_generator/pegen/c_generator.py](../Tools/peg_generator/pegen/c_generator.py).
+
+Each rule function in turn creates an AST node as it goes along.  It does this
+by allocating all the new nodes it needs, calling the proper AST node creation
+functions for any required supporting functions and connecting them as needed.
+This continues until all nonterminal symbols are replaced with terminals.  If an
+error occurs, the rule functions backtrack and try another rule function.  If
+there are no more rules, an error is set and the parsing ends.
+
+The AST node creation helper functions have the name `_PyAST_{xx}`
+where *xx* is the AST node that the function creates.  These are defined by the
+ASDL grammar and contained in [Python/Python-ast.c](../Python/Python-ast.c)
+(which is generated by [Parser/asdl_c.py](../Parser/asdl_c.py)
+from [Parser/Python.asdl](../Parser/Python.asdl)).
+This all leads to a sequence of AST nodes stored in `asdl_seq` structs.
+
+To demonstrate everything explained so far, here's the
+rule function responsible for a simple named import statement such as
+`import sys`.  Note that error-checking and debugging code has been
+omitted.  Removed parts are represented by `...`.
+Furthermore, some comments have been added for explanation.  These comments
+may not be present in the actual code.
+
+
+```
+   // This is the production rule (from python.gram) the rule function
+   // corresponds to:
+   // import_name: 'import' dotted_as_names
+   static stmt_ty
+   import_name_rule(Parser *p)
+   {
+       ...
+       stmt_ty _res = NULL;
+       { // 'import' dotted_as_names
+           ...
+           Token * _keyword;
+           asdl_alias_seq* a;
+           // The tokenizing steps.
+           if (
+               (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 513))  // token='import'
+               &&
+               (a = dotted_as_names_rule(p))  // dotted_as_names
+           )
+           {
+               ...
+               // Generate an AST for the import statement.
+               _res = _PyAST_Import ( a , ...);
+               ...
+               goto done;
+           }
+           ...
+       }
+       _res = NULL;
+     done:
+       ...
+       return _res;
+   }
+```
+
+
+To improve backtracking performance, some rules (chosen by applying a
+`(memo)` flag in the grammar file) are memoized.  Each rule function checks if
+a memoized version exists and returns that if so, else it continues in the
+manner stated in the previous paragraphs.
+
+There are macros for creating and using `asdl_xx_seq *` types, where *xx* is
+a type of the ASDL sequence.  Three main types are defined
+manually -- `generic`, `identifier` and `int`.  These types are found in
+[Python/asdl.c](../Python/asdl.c) and its corresponding header file
+[Include/internal/pycore_asdl.h](../Include/internal/pycore_asdl.h).
+Functions and macros for creating `asdl_xx_seq *` types are as follows:
+
+`_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(Py_ssize_t, PyArena *)`
+        Allocate memory for an `asdl_generic_seq` of the specified length
+`_Py_asdl_identifier_seq_new(Py_ssize_t, PyArena *)`
+        Allocate memory for an `asdl_identifier_seq` of the specified length
+`_Py_asdl_int_seq_new(Py_ssize_t, PyArena *)`
+        Allocate memory for an `asdl_int_seq` of the specified length
+
+In addition to the three types mentioned above, some ASDL sequence types are
+automatically generated by [Parser/asdl_c.py](../Parser/asdl_c.py) and found in
+[Include/internal/pycore_ast.h](../Include/internal/pycore_ast.h).
+Macros for using both manually defined and automatically generated ASDL
+sequence types are as follows:
+
+`asdl_seq_GET(asdl_xx_seq *, int)`
+        Get item held at a specific position in an `asdl_xx_seq`
+`asdl_seq_SET(asdl_xx_seq *, int, stmt_ty)`
+        Set a specific index in an `asdl_xx_seq` to the specified value
+
+Untyped counterparts exist for some of the typed macros.  These are useful
+when a function needs to manipulate a generic ASDL sequence:
+
+`asdl_seq_GET_UNTYPED(asdl_seq *, int)`
+        Get item held at a specific position in an `asdl_seq`
+`asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(asdl_seq *, int, stmt_ty)`
+        Set a specific index in an `asdl_seq` to the specified value
+`asdl_seq_LEN(asdl_seq *)`
+        Return the length of an `asdl_seq` or `asdl_xx_seq`
+
+Note that typed macros and functions are recommended over their untyped
+counterparts.  Typed macros carry out checks in debug mode and aid
+debugging errors caused by incorrectly casting from `void *`.
+
+If you are working with statements, you must also worry about keeping
+track of what line number generated the statement.  Currently the line
+number is passed as the last parameter to each `stmt_ty` function.
+
+See also [PEP 617: New PEG parser for CPython](https://peps.python.org/pep-0617/).
+
+
+Control flow graphs
+===================
+
+A **control flow graph** (often referenced by its acronym, **CFG**) is a
+directed graph that models the flow of a program.  A node of a CFG is
+not an individual bytecode instruction, but instead represents a
+sequence of bytecode instructions that always execute sequentially.
+Each node is called a *basic block* and must always execute from
+start to finish, with a single entry point at the beginning and a
+single exit point at the end.  If some bytecode instruction *a* needs
+to jump to some other bytecode instruction *b*, then *a* must occur at
+the end of its basic block, and *b* must occur at the start of its
+basic block.
+
+As an example, consider the following code snippet:
+
+```python
+if x < 10:
+    f1()
+    f2()
+else:
+    g()
+end()
+```
+
+The `x < 10` guard is represented by its own basic block that
+compares `x` with `10` and then ends in a conditional jump based on
+the result of the comparison.  This conditional jump allows the block
+to point to both the body of the `if` and the body of the `else`.  The
+`if` basic block contains the `f1()` and `f2()` calls and points to
+the `end()` basic block. The `else` basic block contains the `g()`
+call and similarly points to the `end()` block.
+
+Note that more complex code in the guard, the `if` body, or the `else`
+body may be represented by multiple basic blocks. For instance,
+short-circuiting boolean logic in a guard like `if x or y:`
+will produce one basic block that tests the truth value of `x`
+and then points both (1) to the start of the `if` body and (2) to
+a different basic block that tests the truth value of y.
+
+CFGs are useful as an intermediate representation of the code because
+they are a convenient data structure for optimizations.
+
+AST to CFG to bytecode
+======================
+
+The conversion of an `AST` to bytecode is initiated by a call to the function
+`_PyAST_Compile()` in [Python/compile.c](../Python/compile.c).
+
+The first step is to construct the symbol table. This is implemented by
+`_PySymtable_Build()` in [Python/symtable.c](../Python/symtable.c).
+This function begins by entering the starting code block for the AST (passed-in)
+and then calling the proper `symtable_visit_{xx}` function (with *xx* being the
+AST node type).  Next, the AST tree is walked with the various code blocks that
+delineate the reach of a local variable as blocks are entered and exited using
+`symtable_enter_block()` and `symtable_exit_block()`, respectively.
+
+Once the symbol table is created, the `AST` is transformed by `compiler_codegen()`
+in [Python/compile.c](../Python/compile.c) into a sequence of pseudo instructions.
+These are similar to bytecode, but in some cases they are more abstract, and are
+resolved later into actual bytecode. The construction of this instruction sequence
+is handled by several functions that break the task down by various AST node types.
+The functions are all named `compiler_visit_{xx}` where *xx* is the name of the node
+type (such as `stmt`, `expr`, etc.).  Each function receives a `struct compiler *`
+and `{xx}_ty` where *xx* is the AST node type.  Typically these functions
+consist of a large 'switch' statement, branching based on the kind of
+node type passed to it.  Simple things are handled inline in the
+'switch' statement with more complex transformations farmed out to other
+functions named `compiler_{xx}` with *xx* being a descriptive name of what is
+being handled.
+
+When transforming an arbitrary AST node, use the `VISIT()` macro.
+The appropriate `compiler_visit_{xx}` function is called, based on the value
+passed in for <node type> (so `VISIT({c}, expr, {node})` calls
+`compiler_visit_expr({c}, {node})`).  The `VISIT_SEQ()` macro is very similar,
+but is called on AST node sequences (those values that were created as
+arguments to a node that used the '*' modifier).
+
+Emission of bytecode is handled by the following macros:
+
+* `ADDOP(struct compiler *, location, int)`
+    add a specified opcode
+* `ADDOP_IN_SCOPE(struct compiler *, location, int)`
+    like `ADDOP`, but also exits current scope; used for adding return value
+    opcodes in lambdas and closures
+* `ADDOP_I(struct compiler *, location, int, Py_ssize_t)`
+    add an opcode that takes an integer argument
+* `ADDOP_O(struct compiler *, location, int, PyObject *, TYPE)`
+    add an opcode with the proper argument based on the position of the
+    specified PyObject in PyObject sequence object, but with no handling of
+    mangled names; used for when you
+    need to do named lookups of objects such as globals, consts, or
+    parameters where name mangling is not possible and the scope of the
+    name is known; *TYPE* is the name of PyObject sequence
+    (`names` or `varnames`)
+* `ADDOP_N(struct compiler *, location, int, PyObject *, TYPE)`
+    just like `ADDOP_O`, but steals a reference to PyObject
+* `ADDOP_NAME(struct compiler *, location, int, PyObject *, TYPE)`
+    just like `ADDOP_O`, but name mangling is also handled; used for
+    attribute loading or importing based on name
+* `ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(struct compiler *, location, PyObject *)`
+    add the `LOAD_CONST` opcode with the proper argument based on the
+    position of the specified PyObject in the consts table.
+* `ADDOP_LOAD_CONST_NEW(struct compiler *, location, PyObject *)`
+    just like `ADDOP_LOAD_CONST_NEW`, but steals a reference to PyObject
+* `ADDOP_JUMP(struct compiler *, location, int, basicblock *)`
+    create a jump to a basic block
+
+The `location` argument is a struct with the source location to be
+associated with this instruction. It is typically extracted from an
+`AST` node with the `LOC` macro. The `NO_LOCATION` can be used
+for *synthetic* instructions, which we do not associate with a line
+number at this stage. For example, the implicit `return None`
+which is added at the end of a function is not associated with any
+line in the source code.
+
+There are several helper functions that will emit pseudo-instructions
+and are named `compiler_{xx}()` where *xx* is what the function helps
+with (`list`, `boolop`, etc.).  A rather useful one is `compiler_nameop()`.
+This function looks up the scope of a variable and, based on the
+expression context, emits the proper opcode to load, store, or delete
+the variable.
+
+Once the instruction sequence is created, it is transformed into a CFG
+by `_PyCfg_FromInstructionSequence()`. Then `_PyCfg_OptimizeCodeUnit()`
+applies various peephole optimizations, and
+`_PyCfg_OptimizedCfgToInstructionSequence()` converts the optimized `CFG`
+back into an instruction sequence. These conversions and optimizations are
+implemented in [Python/flowgraph.c](../Python/flowgraph.c).
+
+Finally, the sequence of pseudo-instructions is converted into actual
+bytecode. This includes transforming pseudo instructions into actual instructions,
+converting jump targets from logical labels to relative offsets, and
+construction of the [exception table](exception_handling.md) and
+[locations table](locations.md).
+The bytecode and tables are then wrapped into a `PyCodeObject` along with additional
+metadata, including the `consts` and `names` arrays, information about function
+reference to the source code (filename, etc). All of this is implemented by
+`_PyAssemble_MakeCodeObject()` in [Python/assemble.c](../Python/assemble.c).
+
+
+Code objects
+============
+
+The result of `PyAST_CompileObject()` is a `PyCodeObject` which is defined in
+[Include/cpython/code.h](../Include/cpython/code.h).
+And with that you now have executable Python bytecode!
+
+The code objects (byte code) are executed in [Python/ceval.c](../Python/ceval.c).
+This file will also need a new case statement for the new opcode in the big switch
+statement in `_PyEval_EvalFrameDefault()`.
+
+
+Important files
+===============
+
+* [Parser/](../Parser/)
+
+  * [Parser/Python.asdl](../Parser/Python.asdl):
+    ASDL syntax file.
+
+  * [Parser/asdl.py](../Parser/asdl.py):
+    Parser for ASDL definition files.
+    Reads in an ASDL description and parses it into an AST that describes it.
+
+  * [Parser/asdl_c.py](../Parser/asdl_c.py):
+    Generate C code from an ASDL description.  Generates
+    [Python/Python-ast.c](../Python/Python-ast.c) and
+    [Include/internal/pycore_ast.h](../Include/internal/pycore_ast.h).
+
+  * [Parser/parser.c](../Parser/parser.c):
+    The new PEG parser introduced in Python 3.9.  Generated by
+    [Tools/peg_generator/pegen/c_generator.py](../Tools/peg_generator/pegen/c_generator.py)
+    from the grammar [Grammar/python.gram](../Grammar/python.gram).
+    Creates the AST from source code.  Rule functions for their corresponding production
+    rules are found here.
+
+  * [Parser/peg_api.c](../Parser/peg_api.c):
+    Contains high-level functions which are used by the interpreter to create
+    an AST from source code.
+
+  * [Parser/pegen.c](../Parser/pegen.c):
+    Contains helper functions which are used by functions in
+    [Parser/parser.c](../Parser/parser.c) to construct the AST.  Also contains
+    helper functions which help raise better error messages when parsing source code.
+
+  * [Parser/pegen.h](../Parser/pegen.h):
+    Header file for the corresponding [Parser/pegen.c](../Parser/pegen.c).
+    Also contains definitions of the `Parser` and `Token` structs.
+
+* [Python/](../Python)
+
+  * [Python/Python-ast.c](../Python/Python-ast.c):
+    Creates C structs corresponding to the ASDL types.  Also contains code for
+    marshalling AST nodes (core ASDL types have marshalling code in
+    [Python/asdl.c](../Python/asdl.c)).
+    File automatically generated by [Parser/asdl_c.py](../Parser/asdl_c.py).
+    This file must be committed separately after every grammar change
+    is committed since the `__version__` value is set to the latest
+    grammar change revision number.
+
+  * [Python/asdl.c](../Python/asdl.c):
+    Contains code to handle the ASDL sequence type.
+    Also has code to handle marshalling the core ASDL types, such as number
+    and identifier.  Used by [Python/Python-ast.c](../Python/Python-ast.c)
+    for marshalling AST nodes.
+
+  * [Python/ast.c](../Python/ast.c):
+    Used for validating the AST.
+
+  * [Python/ast_opt.c](../Python/ast_opt.c):
+    Optimizes the AST.
+
+  * [Python/ast_unparse.c](../Python/ast_unparse.c):
+    Converts the AST expression node back into a string (for string annotations).
+
+  * [Python/ceval.c](../Python/ceval.c):
+    Executes byte code (aka, eval loop).
+
+  * [Python/symtable.c](../Python/symtable.c):
+    Generates a symbol table from AST.
+
+  * [Python/pyarena.c](../Python/pyarena.c):
+    Implementation of the arena memory manager.
+
+  * [Python/compile.c](../Python/compile.c):
+    Emits pseudo bytecode based on the AST.
+
+  * [Python/flowgraph.c](../Python/flowgraph.c):
+    Implements peephole optimizations.
+
+  * [Python/assemble.c](../Python/assemble.c):
+    Constructs a code object from a sequence of pseudo instructions.
+
+  * [Python/instruction_sequence.c](../Python/instruction_sequence.c):
+    A data structure representing a sequence of bytecode-like pseudo-instructions.
+
+* [Include/](../Include/)
+
+  * [Include/cpython/code.h](../Include/cpython/code.h)
+    : Header file for [Objects/codeobject.c](../Objects/codeobject.c);
+    contains definition of `PyCodeObject`.
+
+  * [Include/opcode.h](../Include/opcode.h)
+    : One of the files that must be modified whenever
+    [Lib/opcode.py](../Lib/opcode.py) is.
+
+  * [Include/internal/pycore_ast.h](../Include/internal/pycore_ast.h)
+    : Contains the actual definitions of the C structs as generated by
+    [Python/Python-ast.c](../Python/Python-ast.c).
+    Automatically generated by [Parser/asdl_c.py](../Parser/asdl_c.py).
+
+  * [Include/internal/pycore_asdl.h](../Include/internal/pycore_asdl.h)
+    : Header for the corresponding [Python/ast.c](../Python/ast.c).
+
+  * [Include/internal/pycore_ast.h](../Include/internal/pycore_ast.h)
+    : Declares `_PyAST_Validate()` external (from [Python/ast.c](../Python/ast.c)).
+
+  * [Include/internal/pycore_symtable.h](../Include/internal/pycore_symtable.h)
+    :  Header for [Python/symtable.c](../Python/symtable.c).
+    `struct symtable` and `PySTEntryObject` are defined here.
+
+  * [Include/internal/pycore_parser.h](../Include/internal/pycore_parser.h)
+    : Header for the corresponding [Parser/peg_api.c](../Parser/peg_api.c).
+
+  * [Include/internal/pycore_pyarena.h](../Include/internal/pycore_pyarena.h)
+    : Header file for the corresponding [Python/pyarena.c](../Python/pyarena.c).
+
+  * [Include/opcode_ids.h](../Include/opcode_ids.h)
+    : List of opcodes. Generated from [Python/bytecodes.c](../Python/bytecodes.c)
+    by
+    [Tools/cases_generator/opcode_id_generator.py](../Tools/cases_generator/opcode_id_generator.py).
+
+* [Objects/](../Objects/)
+
+  * [Objects/codeobject.c](../Objects/codeobject.c)
+    : Contains PyCodeObject-related code.
+
+  * [Objects/frameobject.c](../Objects/frameobject.c)
+    : Contains the `frame_setlineno()` function which should determine whether it is allowed
+    to make a jump between two points in a bytecode.
+
+* [Lib/](../Lib/)
+
+  * [Lib/opcode.py](../Lib/opcode.py)
+    : opcode utilities exposed to Python.
+
+  * [Include/core/pycore_magic_number.h](../Include/internal/pycore_magic_number.h)
+    : Home of the magic number (named `MAGIC_NUMBER`) for bytecode versioning.
+
+
+Objects
+=======
+
+* [Locations](locations.md): Describes the location table
+* [Frames](frames.md): Describes frames and the frame stack
+* [Objects/object_layout.md](../Objects/object_layout.md): Describes object layout for 3.11 and later
+* [Exception Handling](exception_handling.md): Describes the exception table
+
+
+Specializing Adaptive Interpreter
+=================================
+
+Adding a specializing, adaptive interpreter to CPython will bring significant
+performance improvements. These documents provide more information:
+
+* [PEP 659: Specializing Adaptive Interpreter](https://peps.python.org/pep-0659/).
+* [Adding or extending a family of adaptive instructions](adaptive.md)
+
+
+References
+==========
+
+[^1]:  Daniel C. Wang, Andrew W. Appel, Jeff L. Korn, and Chris
+       S. Serra.  `The Zephyr Abstract Syntax Description Language.`_
+       In Proceedings of the Conference on Domain-Specific Languages,
+       pp. 213--227, 1997.
+
+[^2]: The Zephyr Abstract Syntax Description Language.:
+      https://www.cs.princeton.edu/research/techreps/TR-554-97
diff --git a/InternalDocs/exception_handling.md b/InternalDocs/exception_handling.md
index ec09e0769929fa..14066a5864b4da 100644
--- a/InternalDocs/exception_handling.md
+++ b/InternalDocs/exception_handling.md
@@ -68,17 +68,16 @@ Handling Exceptions
 -------------------
 
 At runtime, when an exception occurs, the interpreter calls
-``get_exception_handler()`` in
-[Python/ceval.c](https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/main/Python/ceval.c)
+`get_exception_handler()` in [Python/ceval.c](../Python/ceval.c)
 to look up the offset of the current instruction in the exception
 table. If it finds a handler, control flow transfers to it. Otherwise, the
 exception bubbles up to the caller, and the caller's frame is
 checked for a handler covering the `CALL` instruction. This
 repeats until a handler is found or the topmost frame is reached.
-If no handler is found, the program terminates. During unwinding,
+If no handler is found, then the interpreter function
+(`_PyEval_EvalFrameDefault()`) returns NULL. During unwinding,
 the traceback is constructed as each frame is added to it by
-``PyTraceBack_Here()``, which is in
-[Python/traceback.c](https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/main/Python/traceback.c).
+`PyTraceBack_Here()`, which is in [Python/traceback.c](../Python/traceback.c).
 
 Along with the location of an exception handler, each entry of the
 exception table also contains the stack depth of the `try` instruction
@@ -173,12 +172,20 @@ which is then encoded as:
 
 for a total of five bytes.
 
-The code to construct the exception table is in ``assemble_exception_table()``
-in [Python/assemble.c](https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/main/Python/assemble.c).
+The code to construct the exception table is in `assemble_exception_table()`
+in [Python/assemble.c](../Python/assemble.c).
 
 The interpreter's function to lookup the table by instruction offset is
-``get_exception_handler()`` in
-[Python/ceval.c](https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/main/Python/ceval.c).
-The Python function ``_parse_exception_table()`` in
-[Lib/dis.py](https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/main/Lib/dis.py)
+`get_exception_handler()` in [Python/ceval.c](../Python/ceval.c).
+The Python function `_parse_exception_table()` in [Lib/dis.py](../Lib/dis.py)
 returns the exception table content as a list of namedtuple instances.
+
+Exception Chaining Implementation
+---------------------------------
+
+[Exception chaining](https://docs.python.org/dev/tutorial/errors.html#exception-chaining)
+refers to setting the `__context__` and `__cause__` fields of an exception as it is
+being raised. The `__context__` field is set by `_PyErr_SetObject()` in
+[Python/errors.c](../Python/errors.c) (which is ultimately called by all
+`PyErr_Set*()` functions).  The `__cause__` field (explicit chaining) is set by
+the `RAISE_VARARGS` bytecode.
diff --git a/Objects/frame_layout.md b/InternalDocs/frames.md
similarity index 64%
rename from Objects/frame_layout.md
rename to InternalDocs/frames.md
index b348e85689f507..06dc8f0702c3d9 100644
--- a/Objects/frame_layout.md
+++ b/InternalDocs/frames.md
@@ -1,51 +1,46 @@
-# The Frame Stack
-
-Each call to a Python function has an activation record,
-commonly known as a "frame".
-Python semantics allows frames to outlive the activation,
-so they have (before 3.11) been allocated on the heap.
-This is expensive as it requires many allocations and
-results in poor locality of reference.
-
-In 3.11, rather than have these frames scattered about memory,
-as happens for heap-allocated objects, frames are allocated
-contiguously in a per-thread stack.
-This improves performance significantly for two reasons:
-* It reduces allocation overhead to a pointer comparison and increment.
-* Stack allocated data has the best possible locality and will always be in
-  CPU cache.
-
-Generator and coroutines still need heap allocated activation records, but
-can be linked into the per-thread stack so as to not impact performance too much.
+# Frames
 
-## Layout
-
-Each activation record consists of four conceptual sections:
+Each call to a Python function has an activation record, commonly known as a
+"frame". It contains information about the function being executed, consisting
+of three conceptual sections:
 
 * Local variables (including arguments, cells and free variables)
 * Evaluation stack
-* Specials: The per-frame object references needed by the VM: globals dict,
-  code object, etc.
-* Linkage: Pointer to the previous activation record, stack depth, etc.
+* Specials: The per-frame object references needed by the VM, including
+  globals dict, code object, instruction pointer, stack depth, the
+  previous frame, etc.
+
+The definition of the `_PyInterpreterFrame` struct is in
+[Include/internal/pycore_frame.h](../Include/internal/pycore_frame.h).
 
-### Layout
+# Allocation
 
-The specials and linkage sections are a fixed size, so are grouped together.
+Python semantics allows frames to outlive the activation, so they need to
+be allocated outside the C call stack. To reduce overhead and improve locality
+of reference, most frames are allocated contiguously in a per-thread stack
+(see `_PyThreadState_PushFrame` in [Python/pystate.c](../Python/pystate.c)).
+
+Frames of generators and coroutines are embedded in the generator and coroutine
+objects, so are not allocated in the per-thread stack. See `PyGenObject` in
+[Include/internal/pycore_genobject.h](../Include/internal/pycore_genobject.h).
+
+## Layout
 
 Each activation record is laid out as:
-* Specials and linkage
+* Specials
 * Locals
 * Stack
 
 This seems to provide the best performance without excessive complexity.
-It needs the interpreter to hold two pointers, a frame pointer and a stack pointer.
+The specials have a fixed size, so the offset of the locals is know. The
+interpreter needs to hold two pointers, a frame pointer and a stack pointer.
 
 #### Alternative layout
 
 An alternative layout that was used for part of 3.11 alpha was:
 
 * Locals
-* Specials and linkage
+* Specials
 * Stack
 
 This has the advantage that no copying is required when making a call,
@@ -53,19 +48,6 @@ as the arguments on the stack are (usually) already in the correct
 location for the parameters. However, it requires the VM to maintain
 an extra pointer for the locals, which can hurt performance.
 
-A variant that only needs the need two pointers is to reverse the numbering
-of the locals, so that the last one is numbered `0`, and the first in memory
-is numbered `N-1`.
-This allows the locals, specials and linkage to accessed from the frame pointer.
-We may implement this in the future.
-
-#### Note:
-
-> In a contiguous stack, we would need to save one fewer registers, as the
-> top of the caller's activation record would be the same at the base of the
-> callee's. However, since some activation records are kept on the heap we
-> cannot do this.
-
 ### Generators and Coroutines
 
 Generators and coroutines contain a `_PyInterpreterFrame`
@@ -92,25 +74,22 @@ section. The `frame_obj` field is initially `NULL`.
 The `PyFrameObject` may outlive a stack-allocated `_PyInterpreterFrame`.
 If it does then `_PyInterpreterFrame` is copied into the `PyFrameObject`,
 except the evaluation stack which must be empty at this point.
-The linkage section is updated to reflect the new location of the frame.
+The previous frame link is updated to reflect the new location of the frame.
 
 This mechanism provides the appearance of persistent, heap-allocated
 frames for each activation, but with low runtime overhead.
 
 ### Generators and Coroutines
 
-
-Generator objects have a `_PyInterpreterFrame` embedded in them.
-This means that creating a generator requires only a single allocation,
-reducing allocation overhead and improving locality of reference.
-The embedded frame is linked into the per-thread frame when iterated or
-awaited.
+Generators (objects of type `PyGen_Type`, `PyCoro_Type` or
+`PyAsyncGen_Type`) have a `_PyInterpreterFrame` embedded in them, so
+that they can be created with a single memory allocation.
+When such an embedded frame is iterated or awaited, it can be linked with
+frames on the per-thread stack via the linkage fields.
 
 If a frame object associated with a generator outlives the generator, then
-the embedded `_PyInterpreterFrame` is copied into the frame object.
-
-
-All the above applies to coroutines and async generators as well.
+the embedded `_PyInterpreterFrame` is copied into the frame object (see
+`take_ownership()` in [Python/frame.c](../Python/frame.c)).
 
 ### Field names
 
@@ -119,7 +98,7 @@ Thus, some of the field names may be a bit misleading.
 
 For example the `f_globals` field has a `f_` prefix implying it belongs to the
 `PyFrameObject` struct, although it belongs to the `_PyInterpreterFrame` struct.
-We may rationalize this naming scheme for 3.12.
+We may rationalize this naming scheme for a later version.
 
 
 ### Shim frames
diff --git a/InternalDocs/garbage_collector.md b/InternalDocs/garbage_collector.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..d624cf4befd31a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/InternalDocs/garbage_collector.md
@@ -0,0 +1,596 @@
+
+Garbage collector design
+========================
+
+Abstract
+========
+
+The main garbage collection algorithm used by CPython is reference counting. The basic idea is
+that CPython counts how many different places there are that have a reference to an
+object. Such a place could be another object, or a global (or static) C variable, or
+a local variable in some C function. When an object’s reference count becomes zero,
+the object is deallocated. If it contains references to other objects, their
+reference counts are decremented. Those other objects may be deallocated in turn, if
+this decrement makes their reference count become zero, and so on. The reference
+count field can be examined using the `sys.getrefcount()` function (notice that the
+value returned by this function is always 1 more as the function also has a reference
+to the object when called):
+
+```pycon
+    >>> x = object()
+    >>> sys.getrefcount(x)
+    2
+    >>> y = x
+    >>> sys.getrefcount(x)
+    3
+    >>> del y
+    >>> sys.getrefcount(x)
+    2
+```
+
+The main problem with the reference counting scheme is that it does not handle reference
+cycles. For instance, consider this code:
+
+```pycon
+    >>> container = []
+    >>> container.append(container)
+    >>> sys.getrefcount(container)
+    3
+    >>> del container
+```
+
+In this example, `container` holds a reference to itself, so even when we remove
+our reference to it (the variable "container") the reference count never falls to 0
+because it still has its own internal reference. Therefore it would never be
+cleaned just by simple reference counting. For this reason some additional machinery
+is needed to clean these reference cycles between objects once they become
+unreachable. This is the cyclic garbage collector, usually called just Garbage
+Collector (GC), even though reference counting is also a form of garbage collection.
+
+Starting in version 3.13, CPython contains two GC implementations:
+
+- The default build implementation relies on the
+  [global interpreter lock](https://docs.python.org/3/glossary.html#term-global-interpreter-lock)
+  for thread safety.
+- The free-threaded build implementation pauses other executing threads when
+  performing a collection for thread safety.
+
+Both implementations use the same basic algorithms, but operate on different
+data structures.  See the section on
+[Differences between GC implementations](#Differences-between-GC-implementations)
+for the details.
+
+
+Memory layout and object structure
+==================================
+
+The garbage collector requires additional fields in Python objects to support
+garbage collection.  These extra fields are different in the default and the
+free-threaded builds.
+
+
+GC for the default build
+------------------------
+
+Normally the C structure supporting a regular Python object looks as follows:
+
+```
+    object -----> +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ \
+                  |                    ob_refcnt                  | |
+                  +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ | PyObject_HEAD
+                  |                    *ob_type                   | |
+                  +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ /
+                  |                      ...                      |
+```
+
+In order to support the garbage collector, the memory layout of objects is altered
+to accommodate extra information **before** the normal layout:
+
+```
+                  +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ \
+                  |                    *_gc_next                  | |
+                  +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ | PyGC_Head
+                  |                    *_gc_prev                  | |
+    object -----> +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ /
+                  |                    ob_refcnt                  | \
+                  +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ | PyObject_HEAD
+                  |                    *ob_type                   | |
+                  +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ /
+                  |                      ...                      |
+```
+
+
+In this way the object can be treated as a normal python object and when the extra
+information associated to the GC is needed the previous fields can be accessed by a
+simple type cast from the original object: `((PyGC_Head *)(the_object)-1)`.
+
+As is explained later in the
+[Optimization: reusing fields to save memory](#optimization-reusing-fields-to-save-memory)
+section, these two extra fields are normally used to keep doubly linked lists of all the
+objects tracked by the garbage collector (these lists are the GC generations, more on
+that in the [Optimization: generations](#Optimization-generations) section), but
+they are also reused to fulfill other purposes when the full doubly linked list
+structure is not needed as a memory optimization.
+
+Doubly linked lists are used because they efficiently support the most frequently required operations.  In
+general, the collection of all objects tracked by GC is partitioned into disjoint sets, each in its own
+doubly linked list.  Between collections, objects are partitioned into "generations", reflecting how
+often they've survived collection attempts.  During collections, the generation(s) being collected
+are further partitioned into, for example, sets of reachable and unreachable objects.  Doubly linked lists
+support moving an object from one partition to another, adding a new object,  removing an object
+entirely (objects tracked by GC are most often reclaimed by the refcounting system when GC
+isn't running at all!), and merging partitions, all with a small constant number of pointer updates.
+With care, they also support iterating over a partition while objects are being added to - and
+removed from - it, which is frequently required while GC is running.
+
+GC for the free-threaded build
+------------------------------
+
+In the free-threaded build, Python objects contain a 1-byte field
+`ob_gc_bits` that is used to track garbage collection related state. The
+field exists in all objects, including ones that do not support cyclic
+garbage collection.  The field is used to identify objects that are tracked
+by the collector, ensure that finalizers are called only once per object,
+and, during garbage collection, differentiate reachable vs. unreachable objects.
+
+```
+    object -----> +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ \
+                  |                     ob_tid                    | |
+                  +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ |
+                  | pad | ob_mutex | ob_gc_bits |  ob_ref_local   | |
+                  +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ | PyObject_HEAD
+                  |                  ob_ref_shared                | |
+                  +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ |
+                  |                    *ob_type                   | |
+                  +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ /
+                  |                      ...                      |
+```
+
+Note that not all fields are to scale. `pad` is two bytes, `ob_mutex` and
+`ob_gc_bits` are each one byte, and `ob_ref_local` is four bytes. The
+other fields, `ob_tid`, `ob_ref_shared`, and `ob_type`, are all
+pointer-sized (that is, eight bytes on a 64-bit platform).
+
+
+The garbage collector also temporarily repurposes the `ob_tid` (thread ID)
+and `ob_ref_local` (local reference count) fields for other purposes during
+collections.
+
+
+C APIs
+------
+
+Specific APIs are offered to allocate, deallocate, initialize, track, and untrack
+objects with GC support. These APIs can be found in the
+[Garbage Collector C API documentation](https://docs.python.org/3/c-api/gcsupport.html).
+
+Apart from this object structure, the type object for objects supporting garbage
+collection must include the `Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC` in its `tp_flags` slot and
+provide an implementation of the `tp_traverse` handler. Unless it can be proven
+that the objects cannot form reference cycles with only objects of its type or unless
+the type is immutable, a `tp_clear` implementation must also be provided.
+
+
+Identifying reference cycles
+============================
+
+The algorithm that CPython uses to detect those reference cycles is
+implemented in the `gc` module. The garbage collector **only focuses**
+on cleaning container objects (that is, objects that can contain a reference
+to one or more objects). These can be arrays, dictionaries, lists, custom
+class instances, classes in extension modules, etc. One could think that
+cycles are uncommon but the truth is that many internal references needed by
+the interpreter create cycles everywhere. Some notable examples:
+
+- Exceptions contain traceback objects that contain a list of frames that
+  contain the exception itself.
+- Module-level functions reference the module's dict (which is needed to resolve globals),
+  which in turn contains entries for the module-level functions.
+- Instances have references to their class which itself references its module, and the module
+  contains references to everything that is inside (and maybe other modules)
+  and this can lead back to the original instance.
+- When representing data structures like graphs, it is very typical for them to
+  have internal links to themselves.
+
+To correctly dispose of these objects once they become unreachable, they need
+to be identified first.  To understand how the algorithm works, let’s take
+the case of a circular linked list which has one link referenced by a
+variable `A`, and one self-referencing object which is completely
+unreachable:
+
+```pycon
+    >>> import gc
+
+    >>> class Link:
+    ...    def __init__(self, next_link=None):
+    ...        self.next_link = next_link
+
+    >>> link_3 = Link()
+    >>> link_2 = Link(link_3)
+    >>> link_1 = Link(link_2)
+    >>> link_3.next_link = link_1
+    >>> A = link_1
+    >>> del link_1, link_2, link_3
+
+    >>> link_4 = Link()
+    >>> link_4.next_link = link_4
+    >>> del link_4
+
+    # Collect the unreachable Link object (and its .__dict__ dict).
+    >>> gc.collect()
+    2
+```
+
+The GC starts with a set of candidate objects it wants to scan.  In the
+default build, these "objects to scan" might be all container objects or a
+smaller subset (or "generation").  In the free-threaded build, the collector
+always scans all container objects.
+
+The objective is to identify all the unreachable objects.  The collector does
+this by identifying reachable objects; the remaining objects must be
+unreachable.  The first step is to identify all of the "to scan" objects that
+are **directly** reachable from outside the set of candidate objects.  These
+objects have a refcount larger than the number of incoming references from
+within the candidate set.
+
+Every object that supports garbage collection will have an extra reference
+count field initialized to the reference count (`gc_ref` in the figures)
+of that object when the algorithm starts. This is because the algorithm needs
+to modify the reference count to do the computations and in this way the
+interpreter will not modify the real reference count field.
+
+![gc-image1](images/python-cyclic-gc-1-new-page.png)
+
+The GC then iterates over all containers in the first list and decrements by one the
+`gc_ref` field of any other object that container is referencing.  Doing
+this makes use of the `tp_traverse` slot in the container class (implemented
+using the C API or inherited by a superclass) to know what objects are referenced by
+each container. After all the objects have been scanned, only the objects that have
+references from outside the “objects to scan” list will have `gc_ref > 0`.
+
+![gc-image2](images/python-cyclic-gc-2-new-page.png)
+
+Notice that having `gc_ref == 0` does not imply that the object is unreachable.
+This is because another object that is reachable from the outside (`gc_ref > 0`)
+can still have references to it. For instance, the `link_2` object in our example
+ended having `gc_ref == 0` but is referenced still by the `link_1` object that
+is reachable from the outside. To obtain the set of objects that are really
+unreachable, the garbage collector re-scans the container objects using the
+`tp_traverse` slot; this time with a different traverse function that marks objects with
+`gc_ref == 0` as "tentatively unreachable" and then moves them to the
+tentatively unreachable list. The following image depicts the state of the lists in a
+moment when the GC processed the `link_3` and `link_4` objects but has not
+processed `link_1` and `link_2` yet.
+
+![gc-image3](images/python-cyclic-gc-3-new-page.png)
+
+Then the GC scans the next `link_1` object. Because it has `gc_ref == 1`,
+the gc does not do anything special because it knows it has to be reachable (and is
+already in what will become the reachable list):
+
+![gc-image4](images/python-cyclic-gc-4-new-page.png)
+
+When the GC encounters an object which is reachable (`gc_ref > 0`), it traverses
+its references using the `tp_traverse` slot to find all the objects that are
+reachable from it, moving them to the end of the list of reachable objects (where
+they started originally) and setting its `gc_ref` field to 1. This is what happens
+to `link_2` and `link_3` below as they are reachable from `link_1`.  From the
+state in the previous image and after examining the objects referred to by `link_1`
+the GC knows that `link_3` is reachable after all, so it is moved back to the
+original list and its `gc_ref` field is set to 1 so that if the GC visits it again,
+it will know that it's reachable. To avoid visiting an object twice, the GC marks all
+objects that have already been visited once (by unsetting the `PREV_MASK_COLLECTING`
+flag) so that if an object that has already been processed is referenced by some other
+object, the GC does not process it twice.
+
+![gc-image5](images/python-cyclic-gc-5-new-page.png)
+
+Notice that an object that was marked as "tentatively unreachable" and was later
+moved back to the reachable list will be visited again by the garbage collector
+as now all the references that that object has need to be processed as well. This
+process is really a breadth first search over the object graph. Once all the objects
+are scanned, the GC knows that all container objects in the tentatively unreachable
+list are really unreachable and can thus be garbage collected.
+
+Pragmatically, it's important to note that no recursion is required by any of this,
+and neither does it in any other way require additional memory proportional to the
+number of objects, number of pointers, or the lengths of pointer chains.  Apart from
+`O(1)` storage for internal C needs, the objects themselves contain all the storage
+the GC algorithms require.
+
+Why moving unreachable objects is better
+----------------------------------------
+
+It sounds logical to move the unreachable objects under the premise that most objects
+are usually reachable, until you think about it: the reason it pays isn't actually
+obvious.
+
+Suppose we create objects A, B, C in that order. They appear in the young generation
+in the same order. If B points to A, and C to B, and C is reachable from outside,
+then the adjusted refcounts after the first step of the algorithm runs will be 0, 0,
+and 1 respectively because the only reachable object from the outside is C.
+
+When the next step of the algorithm finds A, A is moved to the unreachable list. The
+same for B when it's first encountered. Then C is traversed, B is moved *back* to
+the reachable list. B is eventually traversed, and then A is moved back to the reachable
+list.
+
+So instead of not moving at all, the reachable objects B and A are each moved twice.
+Why is this a win? A straightforward algorithm to move the reachable objects instead
+would move A, B, and C once each. The key is that this dance leaves the objects in
+order C, B, A - it's reversed from the original order.  On all *subsequent* scans,
+none of them will move.  Since most objects aren't in cycles, this can save an
+unbounded number of moves across an unbounded number of later collections. The only
+time the cost can be higher is the first time the chain is scanned.
+
+Destroying unreachable objects
+==============================
+
+Once the GC knows the list of unreachable objects, a very delicate process starts
+with the objective of completely destroying these objects. Roughly, the process
+follows these steps in order:
+
+1. Handle and clear weak references (if any). Weak references to unreachable objects
+   are set to `None`. If the weak reference has an associated callback, the callback
+   is enqueued to be called once the clearing of weak references is finished.  We only
+   invoke callbacks for weak references that are themselves reachable. If both the weak
+   reference and the pointed-to object are unreachable we do not execute the callback.
+   This is partly for historical reasons: the callback could resurrect an unreachable
+   object and support for weak references predates support for object resurrection.
+   Ignoring the weak reference's callback is fine because both the object and the weakref
+   are going away, so it's legitimate to say the weak reference is going away first.
+2. If an object has legacy finalizers (`tp_del` slot) move it to the
+   `gc.garbage` list.
+3. Call the finalizers (`tp_finalize` slot) and mark the objects as already
+   finalized to avoid calling finalizers twice if the objects are resurrected or
+   if other finalizers have removed the object first.
+4. Deal with resurrected objects. If some objects have been resurrected, the GC
+   finds the new subset of objects that are still unreachable by running the cycle
+   detection algorithm again and continues with them.
+5. Call the `tp_clear` slot of every object so all internal links are broken and
+   the reference counts fall to 0, triggering the destruction of all unreachable
+   objects.
+
+Optimization: generations
+=========================
+
+In order to limit the time each garbage collection takes, the GC
+implementation for the default build uses a popular optimization:
+generations. The main idea behind this concept is the assumption that most
+objects have a very short lifespan and can thus be collected soon after their
+creation. This has proven to be very close to the reality of many Python
+programs as many temporary objects are created and destroyed very quickly.
+
+To take advantage of this fact, all container objects are segregated into
+three spaces/generations. Every new
+object starts in the first generation (generation 0). The previous algorithm is
+executed only over the objects of a particular generation and if an object
+survives a collection of its generation it will be moved to the next one
+(generation 1), where it will be surveyed for collection less often. If
+the same object survives another GC round in this new generation (generation 1)
+it will be moved to the last generation (generation 2) where it will be
+surveyed the least often.
+
+The GC implementation for the free-threaded build does not use multiple
+generations.  Every collection operates on the entire heap.
+
+In order to decide when to run, the collector keeps track of the number of object
+allocations and deallocations since the last collection. When the number of
+allocations minus the number of deallocations exceeds `threshold_0`,
+collection starts. Initially only generation 0 is examined. If generation 0 has
+been examined more than `threshold_1` times since generation 1 has been
+examined, then generation 1 is examined as well. With generation 2,
+things are a bit more complicated; see
+[Collecting the oldest generation](#Collecting-the-oldest-generation) for
+more information. These thresholds can be examined using the
+[`gc.get_threshold()`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/gc.html#gc.get_threshold)
+function:
+
+```pycon
+    >>> import gc
+    >>> gc.get_threshold()
+    (700, 10, 10)
+```
+
+The content of these generations can be examined using the
+`gc.get_objects(generation=NUM)` function and collections can be triggered
+specifically in a generation by calling `gc.collect(generation=NUM)`.
+
+```pycon
+    >>> import gc
+    >>> class MyObj:
+    ...     pass
+    ...
+
+    # Move everything to the last generation so it's easier to inspect
+    # the younger generations.
+
+    >>> gc.collect()
+    0
+
+    # Create a reference cycle.
+
+    >>> x = MyObj()
+    >>> x.self = x
+
+    # Initially the object is in the youngest generation.
+
+    >>> gc.get_objects(generation=0)
+    [..., <__main__.MyObj object at 0x7fbcc12a3400>, ...]
+
+    # After a collection of the youngest generation the object
+    # moves to the next generation.
+
+    >>> gc.collect(generation=0)
+    0
+    >>> gc.get_objects(generation=0)
+    []
+    >>> gc.get_objects(generation=1)
+    [..., <__main__.MyObj object at 0x7fbcc12a3400>, ...]
+```
+
+Collecting the oldest generation
+--------------------------------
+
+In addition to the various configurable thresholds, the GC only triggers a full
+collection of the oldest generation if the ratio `long_lived_pending / long_lived_total`
+is above a given value (hardwired to 25%). The reason is that, while "non-full"
+collections (that is, collections of the young and middle generations) will always
+examine roughly the same number of objects (determined by the aforementioned
+thresholds) the cost of a full collection is proportional to the total
+number of long-lived objects, which is virtually unbounded.  Indeed, it has
+been remarked that doing a full collection every <constant number> of object
+creations entails a dramatic performance degradation in workloads which consist
+of creating and storing lots of long-lived objects (for example, building a large list
+of GC-tracked objects would show quadratic performance, instead of linear as
+expected). Using the above ratio, instead, yields amortized linear performance
+in the total number of objects (the effect of which can be summarized thusly:
+"each full garbage collection is more and more costly as the number of objects
+grows, but we do fewer and fewer of them").
+
+Optimization: reusing fields to save memory
+===========================================
+
+In order to save memory, the two linked list pointers in every object with GC
+support are reused for several purposes. This is a common optimization known
+as "fat pointers" or "tagged pointers": pointers that carry additional data,
+"folded" into the pointer, meaning stored inline in the data representing the
+address, taking advantage of certain properties of memory addressing. This is
+possible as most architectures align certain types of data
+to the size of the data, often a word or multiple thereof. This discrepancy
+leaves a few of the least significant bits of the pointer unused, which can be
+used for tags or to keep other information – most often as a bit field (each
+bit a separate tag) – as long as code that uses the pointer masks out these
+bits before accessing memory.  For example, on a 32-bit architecture (for both
+addresses and word size), a word is 32 bits = 4 bytes, so word-aligned
+addresses are always a multiple of 4, hence end in `00`, leaving the last 2 bits
+available; while on a 64-bit architecture, a word is 64 bits = 8 bytes, so
+word-aligned addresses end in `000`, leaving the last 3 bits available.
+
+The CPython GC makes use of two fat pointers that correspond to the extra fields
+of `PyGC_Head` discussed in the `Memory layout and object structure`_ section:
+
+> [!WARNING]
+> Because the presence of extra information, "tagged" or "fat" pointers cannot be
+> dereferenced directly and the extra information must be stripped off before
+> obtaining the real memory address. Special care needs to be taken with
+> functions that directly manipulate the linked lists, as these functions
+> normally assume the pointers inside the lists are in a consistent state.
+
+
+- The `_gc_prev` field is normally used as the "previous" pointer to maintain the
+  doubly linked list but its lowest two bits are used to keep the flags
+  `PREV_MASK_COLLECTING` and `_PyGC_PREV_MASK_FINALIZED`. Between collections,
+  the only flag that can be present is `_PyGC_PREV_MASK_FINALIZED` that indicates
+  if an object has been already finalized. During collections `_gc_prev` is
+  temporarily used for storing a copy of the reference count (`gc_ref`), in
+  addition to two flags, and the GC linked list becomes a singly linked list until
+  `_gc_prev` is restored.
+
+- The `_gc_next` field is used as the "next" pointer to maintain the doubly linked
+  list but during collection its lowest bit is used to keep the
+  `NEXT_MASK_UNREACHABLE` flag that indicates if an object is tentatively
+  unreachable during the cycle detection algorithm.  This is a drawback to using only
+  doubly linked lists to implement partitions:  while most needed operations are
+  constant-time, there is no efficient way to determine which partition an object is
+  currently in.  Instead, when that's needed, ad hoc tricks (like the
+  `NEXT_MASK_UNREACHABLE` flag) are employed.
+
+Optimization: delay tracking containers
+=======================================
+
+Certain types of containers cannot participate in a reference cycle, and so do
+not need to be tracked by the garbage collector. Untracking these objects
+reduces the cost of garbage collection. However, determining which objects may
+be untracked is not free, and the costs must be weighed against the benefits
+for garbage collection. There are two possible strategies for when to untrack
+a container:
+
+1. When the container is created.
+2. When the container is examined by the garbage collector.
+
+As a general rule, instances of atomic types aren't tracked and instances of
+non-atomic types (containers, user-defined objects...) are.  However, some
+type-specific optimizations can be present in order to suppress the garbage
+collector footprint of simple instances. Some examples of native types that
+benefit from delayed tracking:
+
+- Tuples containing only immutable objects (integers, strings etc,
+  and recursively, tuples of immutable objects) do not need to be tracked. The
+  interpreter creates a large number of tuples, many of which will not survive
+  until garbage collection. It is therefore not worthwhile to untrack eligible
+  tuples at creation time. Instead, all tuples except the empty tuple are tracked
+  when created. During garbage collection it is determined whether any surviving
+  tuples can be untracked. A tuple can be untracked if all of its contents are
+  already not tracked. Tuples are examined for untracking in all garbage collection
+  cycles. It may take more than one cycle to untrack a tuple.
+
+- Dictionaries containing only immutable objects also do not need to be tracked.
+  Dictionaries are untracked when created. If a tracked item is inserted into a
+  dictionary (either as a key or value), the dictionary becomes tracked. During a
+  full garbage collection (all generations), the collector will untrack any dictionaries
+  whose contents are not tracked.
+
+The garbage collector module provides the Python function `is_tracked(obj)`, which returns
+the current tracking status of the object. Subsequent garbage collections may change the
+tracking status of the object.
+
+```pycon
+      >>> gc.is_tracked(0)
+      False
+      >>> gc.is_tracked("a")
+      False
+      >>> gc.is_tracked([])
+      True
+      >>> gc.is_tracked({})
+      False
+      >>> gc.is_tracked({"a": 1})
+      False
+      >>> gc.is_tracked({"a": []})
+      True
+```
+
+Differences between GC implementations
+======================================
+
+This section summarizes the differences between the GC implementation in the
+default build and the implementation in the free-threaded build.
+
+The default build implementation makes extensive use of the `PyGC_Head` data
+structure, while the free-threaded build implementation does not use that
+data structure.
+
+- The default build implementation stores all tracked objects in a doubly
+  linked list using `PyGC_Head`.  The free-threaded build implementation
+  instead relies on the embedded mimalloc memory allocator to scan the heap
+  for tracked objects.
+- The default build implementation uses `PyGC_Head` for the unreachable
+  object list.  The free-threaded build implementation repurposes the
+  `ob_tid` field to store a unreachable objects linked list.
+- The default build implementation stores flags in the `_gc_prev` field of
+  `PyGC_Head`.  The free-threaded build implementation stores these flags
+  in `ob_gc_bits`.
+
+
+The default build implementation relies on the
+[global interpreter lock](https://docs.python.org/3/glossary.html#term-global-interpreter-lock)
+for thread safety.  The free-threaded build implementation has two "stop the
+world" pauses, in which all other executing threads are temporarily paused so
+that the GC can safely access reference counts and object attributes.
+
+The default build implementation is a generational collector.  The
+free-threaded build is non-generational; each collection scans the entire
+heap.
+
+- Keeping track of object generations is simple and inexpensive in the default
+  build.  The free-threaded build relies on mimalloc for finding tracked
+  objects; identifying "young" objects without scanning the entire heap would
+  be more difficult.
+
+
+> [!NOTE] 
+> **Document history**
+>   
+>   Pablo Galindo Salgado - Original author
+> 
+>   Irit Katriel - Convert to Markdown
diff --git a/InternalDocs/generators.md b/InternalDocs/generators.md
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+
+Generators
+========== 
+
+Coming soon.
+
+<!--
+- Generators, async functions, async generators, and ``yield from`` (next, send, throw, close; and await; and how this code breaks the interpreter abstraction)
+-->
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+
+The bytecode interpreter
+========================
+
+Overview
+--------
+
+This document describes the workings and implementation of the bytecode
+interpreter, the part of python that executes compiled Python code. Its
+entry point is in [Python/ceval.c](../Python/ceval.c).
+
+At a high level, the interpreter consists of a loop that iterates over the
+bytecode instructions, executing each of them via a switch statement that
+has a case implementing each opcode. This switch statement is generated
+from the instruction definitions in [Python/bytecodes.c](../Python/bytecodes.c)
+which are written in [a DSL](../Tools/cases_generator/interpreter_definition.md)
+developed for this purpose.
+
+Recall that the [Python Compiler](compiler.md) produces a [`CodeObject`](code_object.md),
+which contains the bytecode instructions along with static data that is required to execute them,
+such as the consts list, variable names,
+[exception table](exception_handling.md#format-of-the-exception-table), and so on.
+
+When the interpreter's
+[`PyEval_EvalCode()`](https://docs.python.org/3.14/c-api/veryhigh.html#c.PyEval_EvalCode)
+function is called to execute a `CodeObject`, it constructs a [`Frame`](frames.md) and calls
+[`_PyEval_EvalFrame()`](https://docs.python.org/3.14/c-api/veryhigh.html#c.PyEval_EvalCode)
+to execute the code object in this frame. The frame hold the dynamic state of the
+`CodeObject`'s execution, including the instruction pointer, the globals and builtins.
+It also has a reference to the `CodeObject` itself.
+
+In addition to the frame, `_PyEval_EvalFrame()` also receives a
+[`Thread State`](https://docs.python.org/3/c-api/init.html#c.PyThreadState)
+object, `tstate`, which includes things like the exception state and the
+recursion depth.  The thread state also provides access to the per-interpreter
+state (`tstate->interp`), which has a pointer to the per-runtime (that is,
+truly global) state (`tstate->interp->runtime`).
+
+Finally, `_PyEval_EvalFrame()` receives an integer argument `throwflag`
+which, when nonzero, indicates that the interpreter should just raise the current exception
+(this is used in the implementation of
+[`gen.throw`](https://docs.python.org/3.14/reference/expressions.html#generator.throw).
+
+By default, [`_PyEval_EvalFrame()`](https://docs.python.org/3.14/c-api/veryhigh.html#c.PyEval_EvalCode)
+simply calls [`_PyEval_EvalFrameDefault()`] to execute the frame. However, as per
+[`PEP 523`](https://peps.python.org/pep-0523/) this is configurable by setting
+`interp->eval_frame`. In the following, we describe the default function,
+`_PyEval_EvalFrameDefault()`.
+
+
+Instruction decoding
+--------------------
+
+The first task of the interpreter is to decode the bytecode instructions.
+Bytecode is stored as an array of 16-bit code units (`_Py_CODEUNIT`).
+Each code unit contains an 8-bit `opcode` and an 8-bit argument (`oparg`), both unsigned.
+In order to make the bytecode format independent of the machine byte order when stored on disk,
+`opcode` is always the first byte and `oparg` is always the second byte.
+Macros are used to extract the `opcode` and `oparg` from a code unit
+(`_Py_OPCODE(word)` and `_Py_OPARG(word)`).
+Some instructions (for example, `NOP` or `POP_TOP`) have no argument -- in this case
+we ignore `oparg`.
+
+A simplified version of the interpreter's main loop looks like this:
+
+```c
+    _Py_CODEUNIT *first_instr = code->co_code_adaptive;
+    _Py_CODEUNIT *next_instr = first_instr;
+    while (1) {
+        _Py_CODEUNIT word = *next_instr++;
+        unsigned char opcode = _Py_OPCODE(word);
+        unsigned int oparg = _Py_OPARG(word);
+        switch (opcode) {
+        // ... A case for each opcode ...
+        }
+    }
+```
+
+This loop iterates over the instructions, decoding each into its `opcode`
+and `oparg`, and then executes the switch case that implements this `opcode`.
+
+The instruction format supports 256 different opcodes, which is sufficient.
+However, it also limits `oparg` to 8-bit values, which is too restrictive.
+To overcome this, the `EXTENDED_ARG` opcode allows us to prefix any instruction
+with one or more additional data bytes, which combine into a larger oparg.
+For example, this sequence of code units:
+
+    EXTENDED_ARG  1
+    EXTENDED_ARG  0
+    LOAD_CONST    2
+
+would set `opcode` to `LOAD_CONST` and `oparg` to `65538` (that is, `0x1_00_02`).
+The compiler should limit itself to at most three `EXTENDED_ARG` prefixes, to allow the
+resulting `oparg` to fit in 32 bits, but the interpreter does not check this.
+
+In the following, a `code unit` is always two bytes, while an `instruction` is a
+sequence of code units consisting of zero to three `EXTENDED_ARG` opcodes followed by
+a primary opcode.
+
+The following loop, to be inserted just above the `switch` statement, will make the above
+snippet decode a complete instruction:
+
+```c
+    while (opcode == EXTENDED_ARG) {
+        word = *next_instr++;
+        opcode = _Py_OPCODE(word);
+        oparg = (oparg << 8) | _Py_OPARG(word);
+    }
+```
+
+For various reasons we'll get to later (mostly efficiency, given that `EXTENDED_ARG`
+is rare) the actual code is different.
+
+Jumps
+=====
+
+Note that when the `switch` statement is reached, `next_instr` (the "instruction offset")
+already points to the next instruction.
+Thus, jump instructions can be implemented by manipulating `next_instr`:
+
+- A jump forward (`JUMP_FORWARD`) sets `next_instr += oparg`.
+- A jump backward sets `next_instr -= oparg`.
+
+Inline cache entries
+====================
+
+Some (specialized or specializable) instructions have an associated "inline cache".
+The inline cache consists of one or more two-byte entries included in the bytecode
+array as additional words following the `opcode`/`oparg` pair.
+The size of the inline cache for a particular instruction is fixed by its `opcode`.
+Moreover, the inline cache size for all instructions in a
+[family of specialized/specializable instructions](adaptive.md)
+(for example, `LOAD_ATTR`, `LOAD_ATTR_SLOT`, `LOAD_ATTR_MODULE`) must all be
+the same.  Cache entries are reserved by the compiler and initialized with zeros.
+Although they are represented by code units, cache entries do not conform to the
+`opcode` / `oparg` format.
+
+If an instruction has an inline cache, the layout of its cache is described by
+a `struct` definition in (`pycore_code.h`)[../Include/internal/pycore_code.h].
+This allows us to access the cache by casting `next_instr` to a pointer to this `struct`.
+The size of such a `struct` must be independent of the machine architecture, word size
+and alignment requirements.  For a 32-bit field, the `struct` should use `_Py_CODEUNIT field[2]`.
+
+The instruction implementation is responsible for advancing `next_instr` past the inline cache.
+For example, if an instruction's inline cache is four bytes (that is, two code units) in size,
+the code for the instruction must contain `next_instr += 2;`.
+This is equivalent to a relative forward jump by that many code units.
+(In the interpreter definition DSL, this is coded as `JUMPBY(n)`, where `n` is the number
+of code units to jump, typically given as a named constant.)
+
+Serializing non-zero cache entries would present a problem because the serialization
+(:mod:`marshal`) format must be independent of the machine byte order.
+
+More information about the use of inline caches can be found in
+[PEP 659](https://peps.python.org/pep-0659/#ancillary-data).
+
+The evaluation stack
+--------------------
+
+Most instructions read or write some data in the form of object references (`PyObject *`).
+The CPython bytecode interpreter is a stack machine, meaning that its instructions operate
+by pushing data onto and popping it off the stack.
+The stack is forms part of the frame for the code object. Its maximum depth is calculated
+by the compiler and stored in the `co_stacksize` field of the code object, so that the
+stack can be pre-allocated is a contiguous array of `PyObject*` pointers, when the frame
+is created.
+
+The stack effects of each instruction are also exposed through the
+[opcode metadata](../Include/internal/pycore_opcode_metadata.h) through two
+functions that report how many stack elements the instructions consumes,
+and how many it produces (`_PyOpcode_num_popped` and `_PyOpcode_num_pushed`).
+For example, the `BINARY_OP` instruction pops two objects from the stack and pushes the
+result back onto the stack.
+
+The stack grows up in memory; the operation `PUSH(x)` is equivalent to `*stack_pointer++ = x`,
+whereas `x = POP()` means `x = *--stack_pointer`.
+Overflow and underflow checks are active in debug mode, but are otherwise optimized away.
+
+At any point during execution, the stack level is knowable based on the instruction pointer
+alone, and some properties of each item on the stack are also known.
+In particular, only a few instructions may push a `NULL` onto the stack, and the positions
+that may be `NULL` are known.
+A few other instructions (`GET_ITER`, `FOR_ITER`) push or pop an object that is known to
+be an iterator.
+
+Instruction sequences that do not allow statically knowing the stack depth are deemed illegal;
+the bytecode compiler never generates such sequences.
+For example, the following sequence is illegal, because it keeps pushing items on the stack:
+
+    LOAD_FAST 0
+    JUMP_BACKWARD 2
+
+> [!NOTE]
+> Do not confuse the evaluation stack with the call stack, which is used to implement calling
+> and returning from functions.
+
+Error handling
+--------------
+
+When the implementation of an opcode raises an exception, it jumps to the
+`exception_unwind` label in [Python/ceval.c](../Python/ceval.c).
+The exception is then handled as described in the
+[`exception handling documentation`](exception_handling.md#handling-exceptions).
+
+Python-to-Python calls
+----------------------
+
+The `_PyEval_EvalFrameDefault()` function is recursive, because sometimes
+the interpreter calls some C function that calls back into the interpreter.
+In 3.10 and before, this was the case even when a Python function called
+another Python function:
+The `CALL` opcode would call the `tp_call` dispatch function of the
+callee, which would extract the code object, create a new frame for the call
+stack, and then call back into the interpreter.  This approach is very general
+but consumes several C stack frames for each nested Python call, thereby
+increasing the risk of an (unrecoverable) C stack overflow.
+
+Since 3.11, the `CALL` instruction special-cases function objects to "inline"
+the call.  When a call gets inlined, a new frame gets pushed onto the call
+stack and the interpreter "jumps" to the start of the callee's bytecode.
+When an inlined callee executes a `RETURN_VALUE` instruction, the frame is
+popped off the call stack and the interpreter returns to its caller,
+by popping a frame off the call stack and "jumping" to the return address.
+There is a flag in the frame (`frame->is_entry`) that indicates whether
+the frame was inlined (set if it wasn't).
+If `RETURN_VALUE` finds this flag set, it performs the usual cleanup and
+returns from `_PyEval_EvalFrameDefault()` altogether, to a C caller.
+
+A similar check is performed when an unhandled exception occurs.
+
+The call stack
+--------------
+
+Up through 3.10, the call stack was implemented as a singly-linked list of
+[frame objects](frames.md). This was expensive because each call would require a
+heap allocation for the stack frame.
+
+Since 3.11, frames are no longer fully-fledged objects. Instead, a leaner internal
+`_PyInterpreterFrame` structure is used, which is allocated using a custom allocator
+function (`_PyThreadState_BumpFramePointer()`), which allocates and initializes a
+frame structure. Usually a frame allocation is just a pointer bump, which improves
+memory locality.
+
+Sometimes an actual `PyFrameObject` is needed, such as when Python code calls
+`sys._getframe()` or an extension module calls
+[`PyEval_GetFrame()`](https://docs.python.org/3/c-api/reflection.html#c.PyEval_GetFrame).
+In this case we allocate a proper `PyFrameObject` and initialize it from the
+`_PyInterpreterFrame`.
+
+Things get more complicated when generators are involved, since those do not
+follow the push/pop model. This includes async functions, which are based on
+the same mechanism.  A generator object has space for a `_PyInterpreterFrame`
+structure, including the variable-size part (used for locals and the eval stack).
+When a generator (or async) function is first called, a special opcode
+`RETURN_GENERATOR` is executed, which is responsible for creating the
+generator object.  The generator object's `_PyInterpreterFrame` is initialized
+with a copy of the current stack frame.  The current stack frame is then popped
+off the frame stack and the generator object is returned.
+(Details differ depending on the `is_entry` flag.)
+When the generator is resumed, the interpreter pushes its `_PyInterpreterFrame`
+onto the frame stack and resumes execution.
+See also the [generators](generators.md) section.
+
+<!--
+
+All sorts of variables
+----------------------
+
+The bytecode compiler determines the scope in which each variable name is defined,
+and generates instructions accordingly.  For example, loading a local variable
+onto the stack is done using `LOAD_FAST`, while loading a global is done using
+`LOAD_GLOBAL`.
+The key types of variables are:
+
+- fast locals: used in functions
+- (slow or regular) locals: used in classes and at the top level
+- globals and builtins: the compiler cannot distinguish between globals and
+builtins (though at runtime, the specializing interpreter can)
+- cells: used for nonlocal references
+
+(TODO: Write the rest of this section. Alas, the author got distracted and won't have time to continue this for a while.)
+
+-->
+
+<!--
+
+Other topics
+------------
+
+(TODO: Each of the following probably deserves its own section.)
+
+- co_consts, co_names, co_varnames, and their ilk
+- How calls work (how args are transferred, return, exceptions)
+- Eval breaker (interrupts, GIL)
+- Tracing
+- Setting the current lineno (debugger-induced jumps)
+- Specialization, inline caches etc.
+
+-->
+
+Introducing a new bytecode instruction
+--------------------------------------
+
+It is occasionally necessary to add a new opcode in order to implement
+a new feature or change the way that existing features are compiled.
+This section describes the changes required to do this.
+
+First, you must choose a name for the bytecode, implement it in
+[`Python/bytecodes.c`](../Python/bytecodes.c) and add a documentation
+entry in [`Doc/library/dis.rst`](../Doc/library/dis.rst).
+Then run `make regen-cases` to assign a number for it (see
+[`Include/opcode_ids.h`](../Include/opcode_ids.h)) and regenerate a
+number of files with the actual implementation of the bytecode in
+[`Python/generated_cases.c.h`](../Python/generated_cases.c.h) and
+metadata about it in additional files.
+
+With a new bytecode you must also change what is called the "magic number" for
+.pyc files: bump the value of the variable `MAGIC_NUMBER` in
+[`Lib/importlib/_bootstrap_external.py`](../Lib/importlib/_bootstrap_external.py).
+Changing this number will lead to all .pyc files with the old `MAGIC_NUMBER`
+to be recompiled by the interpreter on import.  Whenever `MAGIC_NUMBER` is
+changed, the ranges in the `magic_values` array in
+[`PC/launcher.c`](../PC/launcher.c) may also need to be updated.  Changes to
+[`Lib/importlib/_bootstrap_external.py`](../Lib/importlib/_bootstrap_external.py)
+will take effect only after running `make regen-importlib`.
+
+> [!NOTE]
+> Running `make regen-importlib` before adding the new bytecode target to
+> [`Python/bytecodes.c`](../Python/bytecodes.c)
+> (followed by `make regen-cases`) will result in an error. You should only run
+> `make regen-importlib` after the new bytecode target has been added.
+
+> [!NOTE]
+> On Windows, running the `./build.bat` script will automatically
+> regenerate the required files without requiring additional arguments.
+
+Finally, you need to introduce the use of the new bytecode.  Update
+[`Python/codegen.c`](../Python/codegen.c) to emit code with this bytecode.
+Optimizations in [`Python/flowgraph.c`](../Python/flowgraph.c) may also
+need to be updated.  If the new opcode affects a control flow or the block
+stack, you may have to update the `frame_setlineno()` function in
+[`Objects/frameobject.c`](../Objects/frameobject.c).  It may also be necessary
+to update [`Lib/dis.py`](../Lib/dis.py) if the new opcode interprets its
+argument in a special way (like `FORMAT_VALUE` or `MAKE_FUNCTION`).
+
+If you make a change here that can affect the output of bytecode that
+is already in existence and you do not change the magic number, make
+sure to delete your old .py(c|o) files!  Even though you will end up changing
+the magic number if you change the bytecode, while you are debugging your work
+you may be changing the bytecode output without constantly bumping up the
+magic number.  This can leave you with stale .pyc files that will not be
+recreated.
+Running `find . -name '*.py[co]' -exec rm -f '{}' +` should delete all .pyc
+files you have, forcing new ones to be created and thus allow you test out your
+new bytecode properly.  Run `make regen-importlib` for updating the
+bytecode of frozen importlib files.  You have to run `make` again after this
+to recompile the generated C files.
+
+Additional resources
+--------------------
+
+* Brandt Bucher's talk about the specializing interpreter at PyCon US 2023.
+  [Slides](https://github.com/brandtbucher/brandtbucher/blob/master/2023/04/21/inside_cpython_311s_new_specializing_adaptive_interpreter.pdf)
+  [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PGZPSWZSkJI&t=1470s)
diff --git a/Objects/locations.md b/InternalDocs/locations.md
similarity index 88%
rename from Objects/locations.md
rename to InternalDocs/locations.md
index 18a338a95978a9..91a7824e2a8e4d 100644
--- a/Objects/locations.md
+++ b/InternalDocs/locations.md
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 # Locations table
 
-For versions up to 3.10 see ./lnotab_notes.txt
+The `co_linetable` bytes object of code objects contains a compact
+representation of the source code positions of instructions, which are
+returned by the `co_positions()` iterator.
 
-In version 3.11 the `co_linetable` bytes object of code objects contains a compact representation of the positions returned by the `co_positions()` iterator.
-
-The `co_linetable` consists of a sequence of location entries.
+`co_linetable` consists of a sequence of location entries.
 Each entry starts with a byte with the most significant bit set, followed by zero or more bytes with most significant bit unset.
 
 Each entry contains the following information:
diff --git a/InternalDocs/parser.md b/InternalDocs/parser.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..6398ba6cd2838f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/InternalDocs/parser.md
@@ -0,0 +1,882 @@
+
+Guide to the parser
+===================
+
+Abstract
+--------
+
+Python's Parser is currently a
+[`PEG` (Parser Expression Grammar)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parsing_expression_grammar)
+parser. It was introduced in
+[PEP 617: New PEG parser for CPython](https://peps.python.org/pep-0617/) to replace
+the original [`LL(1)`](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LL_parser) parser.
+
+The code implementing the parser is generated from a grammar definition by a
+[parser generator](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compiler-compiler).
+Therefore, changes to the Python language are made by modifying the
+[grammar file](../Grammar/python.gram).
+Developers rarely need to modify the generator itself.
+
+See the devguide's [Changing CPython's grammar](https://devguide.python.org/developer-workflow/grammar/#grammar)
+for a detailed description of the grammar and the process for changing it.
+
+How PEG parsers work
+====================
+
+A PEG (Parsing Expression Grammar) grammar differs from a
+[context-free grammar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Context-free_grammar)
+in that the way it is written more closely reflects how the parser will operate
+when parsing. The fundamental technical difference is that the choice operator
+is ordered. This means that when writing:
+
+```
+    rule: A | B | C
+```
+
+a parser that implements a context-free-grammar (such as an `LL(1)` parser) will
+generate constructions that, given an input string, *deduce* which alternative
+(`A`, `B` or `C`) must be expanded. On the other hand, a PEG parser will
+check each alternative, in the order in which they are specified, and select
+that first one that succeeds.
+
+This means that in a PEG grammar, the choice operator is not commutative.
+Furthermore, unlike context-free grammars, the derivation according to a
+PEG grammar cannot be ambiguous: if a string parses, it has exactly one
+valid parse tree.
+
+PEG parsers are usually constructed as a recursive descent parser in which every
+rule in the grammar corresponds to a function in the program implementing the
+parser, and the parsing expression (the "expansion" or "definition" of the rule)
+represents the "code" in said function. Each parsing function conceptually takes
+an input string as its argument, and yields one of the following results:
+
+* A "success" result. This result indicates that the expression can be parsed by
+  that rule and the function may optionally move forward or consume one or more
+  characters of the input string supplied to it.
+* A "failure" result, in which case no input is consumed.
+
+Note that "failure" results do not imply that the program is incorrect, nor do
+they necessarily mean that the parsing has failed. Since the choice operator is
+ordered, a failure very often merely indicates "try the following option".  A
+direct implementation of a PEG parser as a recursive descent parser will present
+exponential time performance in the worst case, because PEG parsers have
+infinite lookahead (this means that they can consider an arbitrary number of
+tokens before deciding for a rule).  Usually, PEG parsers avoid this exponential
+time complexity with a technique called
+["packrat parsing"](https://pdos.csail.mit.edu/~baford/packrat/thesis/)
+which not only loads the entire program in memory before parsing it but also
+allows the parser to backtrack arbitrarily. This is made efficient by memoizing
+the rules already matched for each position. The cost of the memoization cache
+is that the parser will naturally use more memory than a simple `LL(1)` parser,
+which normally are table-based.
+
+
+Key ideas
+---------
+
+- Alternatives are ordered ( `A | B` is not the same as `B | A` ).
+- If a rule returns a failure, it doesn't mean that the parsing has failed,
+  it just means "try something else".
+- By default PEG parsers run in exponential time, which can be optimized to linear by
+  using memoization.
+- If parsing fails completely (no rule succeeds in parsing all the input text), the
+  PEG parser doesn't have a concept of "where the
+  [`SyntaxError`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/exceptions.html#SyntaxError) is".
+
+
+> [!IMPORTANT]
+> Don't try to reason about a PEG grammar in the same way you would to with an
+> [EBNF](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended_Backus–Naur_form)
+> or context free grammar. PEG is optimized to describe **how** input strings will
+> be parsed, while context-free grammars are optimized to generate strings of the
+> language they describe (in EBNF, to know whether a given string is in the
+> language, you need to do work to find out as it is not immediately obvious from
+> the grammar).
+
+
+Consequences of the ordered choice operator
+-------------------------------------------
+
+Although PEG may look like EBNF, its meaning is quite different. The fact
+that the alternatives are ordered in a PEG grammer (which is at the core of
+how PEG parsers work) has deep consequences, other than removing ambiguity.
+
+If a rule has two alternatives and the first of them succeeds, the second one is
+**not** attempted even if the caller rule fails to parse the rest of the input.
+Thus the parser is said to be "eager". To illustrate this, consider
+the following two rules (in these examples, a token is an individual character):
+
+```
+    first_rule:  ( 'a' | 'aa' ) 'a'
+    second_rule: ('aa' | 'a'  ) 'a'
+```
+
+In a regular EBNF grammar, both rules specify the language `{aa, aaa}` but
+in PEG, one of these two rules accepts the string `aaa` but not the string
+`aa`. The other does the opposite -- it accepts the string `aa`
+but not the string `aaa`. The rule `('a'|'aa')'a'` does
+not accept `aaa` because `'a'|'aa'` consumes the first `a`, letting the
+final `a` in the rule consume the second, and leaving out the third `a`.
+As the rule has succeeded, no attempt is ever made to go back and let
+`'a'|'aa'` try the second alternative. The expression `('aa'|'a')'a'` does
+not accept `aa` because `'aa'|'a'` accepts all of `aa`, leaving nothing
+for the final `a`. Again, the second alternative of `'aa'|'a'` is not
+tried.
+
+> [!CAUTION]
+> The effects of ordered choice, such as the ones illustrated above, may be
+> hidden by many levels of rules.
+
+For this reason, writing rules where an alternative is contained in the next
+one is in almost all cases a mistake, for example:
+
+```
+    my_rule:
+      | 'if' expression 'then' block
+      | 'if' expression 'then' block 'else' block
+```
+
+In this example, the second alternative will never be tried because the first one will
+succeed first (even if the input string has an `'else' block` that follows). To correctly
+write this rule you can simply alter the order:
+
+```
+    my_rule:
+      | 'if' expression 'then' block 'else' block
+      | 'if' expression 'then' block
+```
+
+In this case, if the input string doesn't have an `'else' block`, the first alternative
+will fail and the second will be attempted.
+
+Grammar Syntax
+==============
+
+The grammar consists of a sequence of rules of the form:
+
+```
+    rule_name: expression
+```
+
+Optionally, a type can be included right after the rule name, which
+specifies the return type of the C or Python function corresponding to
+the rule:
+
+```
+    rule_name[return_type]: expression
+```
+
+If the return type is omitted, then a `void *` is returned in C and an
+`Any` in Python.
+
+Grammar expressions
+-------------------
+
+| Expression      | Description and Example                                                                                               |
+|-----------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| `# comment`     | Python-style comments.                                                                                                |
+| `e1 e2`         | Match `e1`, then match `e2`. <br> `rule_name: first_rule second_rule`                                                 |
+| `e1 \| e2`      | Match `e1` or `e2`. <br> `rule_name[return_type]:`<br>`    \| first_alt`<br>`    \| second_alt`                       |
+| `( e )`         | Grouping operator: Match `e`. <br> `rule_name: (e)`<br>`rule_name: (e1 e2)*`                                          |
+| `[ e ]` or `e?` | Optionally match `e`. <br> `rule_name: [e]`<br>`rule_name: e (',' e)* [',']`                                          |
+| `e*`            | Match zero or more occurrences of `e`. <br> `rule_name: (e1 e2)*`                                                     |
+| `e+`            | Match one or more occurrences of `e`. <br> `rule_name: (e1 e2)+`                                                      |
+| `s.e+`          | Match one or more occurrences of `e`, separated by `s`. <br> `rule_name: ','.e+`                                      |
+| `&e`            | Positive lookahead: Succeed if `e` can be parsed, without consuming input.                                            |
+| `!e`            | Negative lookahead: Fail if `e` can be parsed, without consuming input. <br> `primary: atom !'.' !'(' !'['`           |
+| `~`             | Commit to the current alternative, even if it fails to parse (cut). <br> `rule_name: '(' ~ some_rule ')' \| some_alt` |
+
+
+Left recursion
+--------------
+
+PEG parsers normally do not support left recursion, but CPython's parser
+generator implements a technique similar to the one described in
+[Medeiros et al.](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1207.0443) but using the memoization
+cache instead of static variables. This approach is closer to the one described
+in [Warth et al.](http://web.cs.ucla.edu/~todd/research/pepm08.pdf). This
+allows us to write not only simple left-recursive rules but also more
+complicated rules that involve indirect left-recursion like:
+
+```
+    rule1: rule2 | 'a'
+    rule2: rule3 | 'b'
+    rule3: rule1 | 'c'
+```
+
+and "hidden left-recursion" like:
+
+```
+    rule: 'optional'? rule '@' some_other_rule
+```
+
+Variables in the grammar
+------------------------
+
+A sub-expression can be named by preceding it with an identifier and an
+`=` sign. The name can then be used in the action (see below), like this:
+
+```
+    rule_name[return_type]: '(' a=some_other_rule ')' { a }
+```
+
+Grammar actions
+---------------
+
+To avoid the intermediate steps that obscure the relationship between the
+grammar and the AST generation, the PEG parser allows directly generating AST
+nodes for a rule via grammar actions. Grammar actions are language-specific
+expressions that are evaluated when a grammar rule is successfully parsed. These
+expressions can be written in Python or C depending on the desired output of the
+parser generator. This means that if one would want to generate a parser in
+Python and another in C, two grammar files should be written, each one with a
+different set of actions, keeping everything else apart from said actions
+identical in both files. As an example of a grammar with Python actions, the
+piece of the parser generator that parses grammar files is bootstrapped from a
+meta-grammar file with Python actions that generate the grammar tree as a result
+of the parsing.
+
+In the specific case of the PEG grammar for Python, having actions allows
+directly describing how the AST is composed in the grammar itself, making it
+more clear and maintainable. This AST generation process is supported by the use
+of some helper functions that factor out common AST object manipulations and
+some other required operations that are not directly related to the grammar.
+
+To indicate these actions each alternative can be followed by the action code
+inside curly-braces, which specifies the return value of the alternative:
+
+```
+    rule_name[return_type]:
+       | first_alt1 first_alt2 { first_alt1 }
+       | second_alt1 second_alt2 { second_alt1 }
+```
+
+If the action is omitted, a default action is generated:
+
+- If there is a single name in the rule, it gets returned.
+- If there multiple names in the rule, a collection with all parsed
+  expressions gets returned (the type of the collection will be different
+  in C and Python).
+
+This default behaviour is primarily made for very simple situations and for
+debugging purposes.
+
+> [!WARNING]
+> It's important that the actions don't mutate any AST nodes that are passed
+> into them via variables referring to other rules. The reason for mutation
+> being not allowed is that the AST nodes are cached by memoization and could
+> potentially be reused in a different context, where the mutation would be
+> invalid. If an action needs to change an AST node, it should instead make a
+> new copy of the node and change that.
+
+The full meta-grammar for the grammars supported by the PEG generator is:
+
+```
+    start[Grammar]: grammar ENDMARKER { grammar }
+
+    grammar[Grammar]:
+        | metas rules { Grammar(rules, metas) }
+        | rules { Grammar(rules, []) }
+
+    metas[MetaList]:
+        | meta metas { [meta] + metas }
+        | meta { [meta] }
+
+    meta[MetaTuple]:
+        | "@" NAME NEWLINE { (name.string, None) }
+        | "@" a=NAME b=NAME NEWLINE { (a.string, b.string) }
+        | "@" NAME STRING NEWLINE { (name.string, literal_eval(string.string)) }
+
+    rules[RuleList]:
+        | rule rules { [rule] + rules }
+        | rule { [rule] }
+
+    rule[Rule]:
+        | rulename ":" alts NEWLINE INDENT more_alts DEDENT {
+                Rule(rulename[0], rulename[1], Rhs(alts.alts + more_alts.alts)) }
+        | rulename ":" NEWLINE INDENT more_alts DEDENT { Rule(rulename[0], rulename[1], more_alts) }
+        | rulename ":" alts NEWLINE { Rule(rulename[0], rulename[1], alts) }
+
+    rulename[RuleName]:
+        | NAME '[' type=NAME '*' ']' {(name.string, type.string+"*")}
+        | NAME '[' type=NAME ']' {(name.string, type.string)}
+        | NAME {(name.string, None)}
+
+    alts[Rhs]:
+        | alt "|" alts { Rhs([alt] + alts.alts)}
+        | alt { Rhs([alt]) }
+
+    more_alts[Rhs]:
+        | "|" alts NEWLINE more_alts { Rhs(alts.alts + more_alts.alts) }
+        | "|" alts NEWLINE { Rhs(alts.alts) }
+
+    alt[Alt]:
+        | items '$' action { Alt(items + [NamedItem(None, NameLeaf('ENDMARKER'))], action=action) }
+        | items '$' { Alt(items + [NamedItem(None, NameLeaf('ENDMARKER'))], action=None) }
+        | items action { Alt(items, action=action) }
+        | items { Alt(items, action=None) }
+
+    items[NamedItemList]:
+        | named_item items { [named_item] + items }
+        | named_item { [named_item] }
+
+    named_item[NamedItem]:
+        | NAME '=' ~ item {NamedItem(name.string, item)}
+        | item {NamedItem(None, item)}
+        | it=lookahead {NamedItem(None, it)}
+
+    lookahead[LookaheadOrCut]:
+        | '&' ~ atom {PositiveLookahead(atom)}
+        | '!' ~ atom {NegativeLookahead(atom)}
+        | '~' {Cut()}
+
+    item[Item]:
+        | '[' ~ alts ']' {Opt(alts)}
+        |  atom '?' {Opt(atom)}
+        |  atom '*' {Repeat0(atom)}
+        |  atom '+' {Repeat1(atom)}
+        |  sep=atom '.' node=atom '+' {Gather(sep, node)}
+        |  atom {atom}
+
+    atom[Plain]:
+        | '(' ~ alts ')' {Group(alts)}
+        | NAME {NameLeaf(name.string) }
+        | STRING {StringLeaf(string.string)}
+
+    # Mini-grammar for the actions
+
+    action[str]: "{" ~ target_atoms "}" { target_atoms }
+
+    target_atoms[str]:
+        | target_atom target_atoms { target_atom + " " + target_atoms }
+        | target_atom { target_atom }
+
+    target_atom[str]:
+        | "{" ~ target_atoms "}" { "{" + target_atoms + "}" }
+        | NAME { name.string }
+        | NUMBER { number.string }
+        | STRING { string.string }
+        | "?" { "?" }
+        | ":" { ":" }
+```
+
+As an illustrative example this simple grammar file allows directly
+generating a full parser that can parse simple arithmetic expressions and that
+returns a valid C-based Python AST:
+
+```
+    start[mod_ty]: a=expr_stmt* ENDMARKER { _PyAST_Module(a, NULL, p->arena) }
+    expr_stmt[stmt_ty]: a=expr NEWLINE { _PyAST_Expr(a, EXTRA) }
+
+    expr[expr_ty]:
+        | l=expr '+' r=term { _PyAST_BinOp(l, Add, r, EXTRA) }
+        | l=expr '-' r=term { _PyAST_BinOp(l, Sub, r, EXTRA) }
+        | term
+
+    term[expr_ty]:
+        | l=term '*' r=factor { _PyAST_BinOp(l, Mult, r, EXTRA) }
+        | l=term '/' r=factor { _PyAST_BinOp(l, Div, r, EXTRA) }
+        | factor
+
+    factor[expr_ty]:
+        | '(' e=expr ')' { e }
+        | atom
+
+    atom[expr_ty]:
+        | NAME
+        | NUMBER
+```
+
+Here `EXTRA` is a macro that expands to `start_lineno, start_col_offset,
+end_lineno, end_col_offset, p->arena`, those being variables automatically
+injected by the parser; `p` points to an object that holds on to all state
+for the parser.
+
+A similar grammar written to target Python AST objects:
+
+```
+    start[ast.Module]: a=expr_stmt* ENDMARKER { ast.Module(body=a or [] }
+    expr_stmt: a=expr NEWLINE { ast.Expr(value=a, EXTRA) }
+
+    expr:
+        | l=expr '+' r=term { ast.BinOp(left=l, op=ast.Add(), right=r, EXTRA) }
+        | l=expr '-' r=term { ast.BinOp(left=l, op=ast.Sub(), right=r, EXTRA) }
+        | term
+
+    term:
+        | l=term '*' r=factor { ast.BinOp(left=l, op=ast.Mult(), right=r, EXTRA) }
+        | l=term '/' r=factor { ast.BinOp(left=l, op=ast.Div(), right=r, EXTRA) }
+        | factor
+
+    factor:
+        | '(' e=expr ')' { e }
+        | atom
+
+    atom:
+        | NAME
+        | NUMBER
+```
+
+Pegen
+=====
+
+Pegen is the parser generator used in CPython to produce the final PEG parser
+used by the interpreter. It is the program that can be used to read the python
+grammar located in [`Grammar/python.gram`](../Grammar/python.gram) and produce
+the final C parser. It contains the following pieces:
+
+- A parser generator that can read a grammar file and produce a PEG parser
+  written in Python or C that can parse said grammar. The generator is located at
+  [`Tools/peg_generator/pegen`](../Tools/peg_generator/pegen).
+- A PEG meta-grammar that automatically generates a Python parser which is used
+  for the parser generator itself (this means that there are no manually-written
+  parsers). The meta-grammar is located at
+  [`Tools/peg_generator/pegen/metagrammar.gram`](../Tools/peg_generator/pegen/metagrammar.gram).
+- A generated parser (using the parser generator) that can directly produce C and Python AST objects.
+
+The source code for Pegen lives at [`Tools/peg_generator/pegen`](../Tools/peg_generator/pegen)
+but normally all typical commands to interact with the parser generator are executed from
+the main makefile.
+
+How to regenerate the parser
+----------------------------
+
+Once you have made the changes to the grammar files, to regenerate the `C`
+parser (the one used by the interpreter) just execute:
+
+```
+    make regen-pegen
+```
+
+using the `Makefile` in the main directory.  If you are on Windows you can
+use the Visual Studio project files to regenerate the parser or to execute:
+
+```
+    ./PCbuild/build.bat --regen
+```
+
+The generated parser file is located at [`Parser/parser.c`](../Parser/parser.c).
+
+How to regenerate the meta-parser
+---------------------------------
+
+The meta-grammar (the grammar that describes the grammar for the grammar files
+themselves) is located at
+[`Tools/peg_generator/pegen/metagrammar.gram`](../Tools/peg_generator/pegen/metagrammar.gram).
+Although it is very unlikely that you will ever need to modify it, if you make
+any modifications to this file (in order to implement new Pegen features) you will
+need to regenerate the meta-parser (the parser that parses the grammar files).
+To do so just execute:
+
+```
+    make regen-pegen-metaparser
+```
+
+If you are on Windows you can use the Visual Studio project files
+to regenerate the parser or to execute:
+
+```
+    ./PCbuild/build.bat --regen
+```
+
+
+Grammatical elements and rules
+------------------------------
+
+Pegen has some special grammatical elements and rules:
+
+- Strings with single quotes (') (for example, `'class'`) denote KEYWORDS.
+- Strings with double quotes (") (for example, `"match"`) denote SOFT KEYWORDS.
+- Uppercase names (for example, `NAME`) denote tokens in the
+  [`Grammar/Tokens`](../Grammar/Tokens) file.
+- Rule names starting with `invalid_` are used for specialized syntax errors.
+
+  - These rules are NOT used in the first pass of the parser.
+  - Only if the first pass fails to parse, a second pass including the invalid
+    rules will be executed.
+  - If the parser fails in the second phase with a generic syntax error, the
+    location of the generic failure of the first pass will be used (this avoids
+    reporting incorrect locations due to the invalid rules).
+  - The order of the alternatives involving invalid rules matter
+    (like any rule in PEG).
+
+Tokenization
+------------
+
+It is common among PEG parser frameworks that the parser does both the parsing
+and the tokenization, but this does not happen in Pegen. The reason is that the
+Python language needs a custom tokenizer to handle things like indentation
+boundaries, some special keywords like `ASYNC` and `AWAIT` (for
+compatibility purposes), backtracking errors (such as unclosed parenthesis),
+dealing with encoding, interactive mode and much more. Some of these reasons
+are also there for historical purposes, and some others are useful even today.
+
+The list of tokens (all uppercase names in the grammar) that you can use can
+be found in the [`Grammar/Tokens`](../Grammar/Tokens)
+file. If you change this file to add new tokens, make sure to regenerate the
+files by executing:
+
+```
+    make regen-token
+```
+
+If you are on Windows you can use the Visual Studio project files to regenerate
+the tokens or to execute:
+
+```
+    ./PCbuild/build.bat --regen
+```
+
+How tokens are generated and the rules governing this are completely up to the tokenizer
+([`Parser/lexer`](../Parser/lexer) and [`Parser/tokenizer`](../Parser/tokenizer));
+the parser just receives tokens from it.
+
+Memoization
+-----------
+
+As described previously, to avoid exponential time complexity in the parser,
+memoization is used.
+
+The C parser used by Python is highly optimized and memoization can be expensive
+both in memory and time. Although the memory cost is obvious (the parser needs
+memory for storing previous results in the cache) the execution time cost comes
+for continuously checking if the given rule has a cache hit or not. In many
+situations, just parsing it again can be faster. Pegen **disables memoization
+by default** except for rules with the special marker `memo` after the rule
+name (and type, if present):
+
+```
+    rule_name[typr] (memo):
+      ...
+```
+
+By selectively turning on memoization for a handful of rules, the parser becomes
+faster and uses less memory.
+
+> [!NOTE]
+> Left-recursive rules always use memoization, since the implementation of
+> left-recursion depends on it.
+
+To determine whether a new rule needs memoization or not, benchmarking is required
+(comparing execution times and memory usage of some considerably large files with
+and without memoization). There is a very simple instrumentation API available
+in the generated C parse code that allows to measure how much each rule uses
+memoization (check the [`Parser/pegen.c`](../Parser/pegen.c)
+file for more information) but it needs to be manually activated.
+
+Automatic variables
+-------------------
+
+To make writing actions easier, Pegen injects some automatic variables in the
+namespace available when writing actions. In the C parser, some of these
+automatic variable names are:
+
+- `p`: The parser structure.
+- `EXTRA`: This is a macro that expands to
+  `(_start_lineno, _start_col_offset, _end_lineno, _end_col_offset, p->arena)`,
+  which is normally used to create AST nodes as almost all constructors need these
+  attributes to be provided. All of the location variables are taken from the
+  location information of the current token.
+
+Hard and soft keywords
+----------------------
+
+> [!NOTE]
+> In the grammar files, keywords are defined using **single quotes** (for example,
+> `'class'`) while soft keywords are defined using **double quotes** (for example,
+> `"match"`).
+
+There are two kinds of keywords allowed in pegen grammars: *hard* and *soft*
+keywords. The difference between hard and soft keywords is that hard keywords
+are always reserved words, even in positions where they make no sense
+(for example, `x = class + 1`), while soft keywords only get a special
+meaning in context. Trying to use a hard keyword as a variable will always
+fail:
+
+```
+    >>> class = 3
+    File "<stdin>", line 1
+        class = 3
+            ^
+    SyntaxError: invalid syntax
+    >>> foo(class=3)
+    File "<stdin>", line 1
+        foo(class=3)
+            ^^^^^
+    SyntaxError: invalid syntax
+```
+
+While soft keywords don't have this limitation if used in a context other the
+one where they are defined as keywords:
+
+```
+    >>> match = 45
+    >>> foo(match="Yeah!")
+```
+
+The `match` and `case` keywords are soft keywords, so that they are
+recognized as keywords at the beginning of a match statement or case block
+respectively, but are allowed to be used in other places as variable or
+argument names.
+
+You can get a list of all keywords defined in the grammar from Python:
+
+```
+    >>> import keyword
+    >>> keyword.kwlist
+    ['False', 'None', 'True', 'and', 'as', 'assert', 'async', 'await', 'break',
+    'class', 'continue', 'def', 'del', 'elif', 'else', 'except', 'finally', 'for',
+    'from', 'global', 'if', 'import', 'in', 'is', 'lambda', 'nonlocal', 'not', 'or',
+    'pass', 'raise', 'return', 'try', 'while', 'with', 'yield']
+```
+
+as well as soft keywords:
+
+```
+    >>> import keyword
+    >>> keyword.softkwlist
+    ['_', 'case', 'match']
+```
+
+> [!CAUTION]
+> Soft keywords can be a bit challenging to manage as they can be accepted in
+> places you don't intend, given how the order alternatives behave in PEG
+> parsers (see the
+> [consequences of ordered choice](#consequences-of-the-ordered-choice-operator)
+> section for some background on this). In general, try to define them in places
+> where there are not many alternatives.
+
+Error handling
+--------------
+
+When a pegen-generated parser detects that an exception is raised, it will
+**automatically stop parsing**, no matter what the current state of the parser
+is, and it will unwind the stack and report the exception. This means that if a
+[rule action](#grammar-actions) raises an exception, all parsing will
+stop at that exact point. This is done to allow to correctly propagate any
+exception set by calling Python's C API functions. This also includes
+[`SyntaxError`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/exceptions.html#SyntaxError)
+exceptions and it is the main mechanism the parser uses to report custom syntax
+error messages.
+
+> [!NOTE]
+> Tokenizer errors are normally reported by raising exceptions but some special
+> tokenizer errors such as unclosed parenthesis will be reported only after the
+> parser finishes without returning anything.
+
+How syntax errors are reported
+------------------------------
+
+As described previously in the [how PEG parsers work](#how-peg-parsers-work)
+section, PEG parsers don't have a defined concept of where errors happened
+in the grammar, because a rule failure doesn't imply a parsing failure like
+in context free grammars. This means that a heuristic has to be used to report
+generic errors unless something is explicitly declared as an error in the
+grammar.
+
+To report generic syntax errors, pegen uses a common heuristic in PEG parsers:
+the location of *generic* syntax errors is reported to be the furthest token that
+was attempted to be matched but failed. This is only done if parsing has failed
+(the parser returns `NULL` in C or `None` in Python) but no exception has
+been raised.
+
+As the Python grammar was primordially written as an `LL(1)` grammar, this heuristic
+has an extremely high success rate, but some PEG features, such as lookaheads,
+can impact this.
+
+> [!CAUTION]
+> Positive and negative lookaheads will try to match a token so they will affect
+> the location of generic syntax errors. Use them carefully at boundaries
+> between rules.
+
+To generate more precise syntax errors, custom rules are used. This is a common
+practice also in context free grammars: the parser will try to accept some
+construct that is known to be incorrect just to report a specific syntax error
+for that construct. In pegen grammars, these rules start with the `invalid_`
+prefix. This is because trying to match these rules normally has a performance
+impact on parsing (and can also affect the 'correct' grammar itself in some
+tricky cases, depending on the ordering of the rules) so the generated parser
+acts in two phases:
+
+1. The first phase will try to parse the input stream without taking into
+   account rules that start with the `invalid_` prefix. If the parsing
+   succeeds it will return the generated AST and the second phase will be
+   skipped.
+
+2. If the first phase failed, a second parsing attempt is done including the
+   rules that start with an `invalid_` prefix. By design this attempt
+   **cannot succeed** and is only executed to give to the invalid rules a
+   chance to detect specific situations where custom, more precise, syntax
+   errors can be raised. This also allows to trade a bit of performance for
+   precision reporting errors: given that we know that the input text is
+   invalid, there is typically no need to be fast because execution is going
+   to stop anyway.
+
+> [!IMPORTANT]
+> When defining invalid rules:
+>
+> - Make sure all custom invalid rules raise
+>   [`SyntaxError`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/exceptions.html#SyntaxError)
+>   exceptions (or a subclass of it).
+> - Make sure **all** invalid rules start with the `invalid_` prefix to not
+>   impact performance of parsing correct Python code.
+> - Make sure the parser doesn't behave differently for regular rules when you introduce invalid rules
+>   (see the [how PEG parsers work](#how-peg-parsers-work) section for more information).
+
+You can find a collection of macros to raise specialized syntax errors in the
+[`Parser/pegen.h`](../Parser/pegen.h)
+header file. These macros allow also to report ranges for
+the custom errors, which will be highlighted in the tracebacks that will be
+displayed when the error is reported.
+
+
+> [!TIP]
+> A good way to test whether an invalid rule will be triggered when you expect
+> is to test if introducing a syntax error **after** valid code triggers the
+> rule or not. For example:
+
+```
+   <valid python code> $ 42
+```
+
+should trigger the syntax error in the `$` character. If your rule is not correctly defined this
+won't happen. As another example, suppose that you try to define a rule to match Python 2 style
+`print` statements in order to create a better error message and you define it as:
+
+```
+    invalid_print: "print" expression
+```
+
+This will **seem** to work because the parser will correctly parse `print(something)` because it is valid
+code and the second phase will never execute but if you try to parse `print(something) $ 3` the first pass
+of the parser will fail (because of the `$`) and in the second phase, the rule will match the
+`print(something)` as `print` followed by the variable `something` between parentheses and the error
+will be reported there instead of the `$` character.
+
+Generating AST objects
+----------------------
+
+The output of the C parser used by CPython,  which is generated from the
+[grammar file](../Grammar/python.gram), is a Python AST object (using C
+structures). This means that the actions in the grammar file generate AST
+objects when they succeed. Constructing these objects can be quite cumbersome
+(see the [AST compiler section](compiler.md#abstract-syntax-trees-ast)
+for more information on how these objects are constructed and how they are used
+by the compiler), so special helper functions are used. These functions are
+declared in the [`Parser/pegen.h`](../Parser/pegen.h) header file and defined
+in the [`Parser/action_helpers.c`](../Parser/action_helpers.c) file. The
+helpers include functions that join AST sequences, get specific elements
+from them or to perform extra processing on the generated tree.
+
+
+> [!CAUTION]
+> Actions must **never** be used to accept or reject rules. It may be tempting
+> in some situations to write a very generic rule and then check the generated
+> AST to decide whether it is valid or not, but this will render the
+> (official grammar)[https://docs.python.org/3/reference/grammar.html] partially
+> incorrect (because it does not include actions) and will make it more difficult
+> for other Python implementations to adapt the grammar to their own needs.
+
+As a general rule, if an action spawns multiple lines or requires something more
+complicated than a single expression of C code, is normally better to create a
+custom helper in [`Parser/action_helpers.c`](../Parser/action_helpers.c)
+and expose it in the [`Parser/pegen.h`](../Parser/pegen.h) header file so that
+it can be used from the grammar.
+
+When parsing succeeds, the parser **must** return a **valid** AST object.
+
+Testing
+=======
+
+There are three files that contain tests for the grammar and the parser:
+
+- [test_grammar.py](../Lib/test/test_grammar.py)
+- [test_syntax.py](../Lib/test/test_syntax.py)
+- [test_exceptions.py](../Lib/test/test_exceptions.py)
+
+Check the contents of these files to know which is the best place for new
+tests, depending on the nature of the new feature you are adding.
+
+Tests for the parser generator itself can be found in the
+[test_peg_generator](../Lib/test_peg_generator) directory.
+
+
+Debugging generated parsers
+===========================
+
+Making experiments
+------------------
+
+As the generated C parser is the one used by Python, this means that if
+something goes wrong when adding some new rules to the grammar, you cannot
+correctly compile and execute Python anymore. This makes it a bit challenging
+to debug when something goes wrong, especially when experimenting.
+
+For this reason it is a good idea to experiment first by generating a Python
+parser. To do this, you can go to the [Tools/peg_generator](../Tools/peg_generator)
+directory on the CPython repository and manually call the parser generator by executing:
+
+```
+    $ python -m pegen python <PATH TO YOUR GRAMMAR FILE>
+```
+
+This will generate a file called `parse.py` in the same directory that you
+can use to parse some input:
+
+```
+    $ python parse.py file_with_source_code_to_test.py
+```
+
+As the generated `parse.py` file is just Python code, you can modify it
+and add breakpoints to debug or better understand some complex situations.
+
+
+Verbose mode
+------------
+
+When Python is compiled in debug mode (by adding `--with-pydebug` when
+running the configure step in Linux or by adding `-d` when calling the
+[PCbuild/build.bat](../PCbuild/build.bat)), it is possible to activate a
+**very** verbose mode in the generated parser. This is very useful to
+debug the generated parser and to understand how it works, but it
+can be a bit hard to understand at first.
+
+> [!NOTE]
+> When activating verbose mode in the Python parser, it is better to not use
+> interactive mode as it can be much harder to understand, because interactive
+> mode involves some special steps compared to regular parsing.
+
+To activate verbose mode you can add the `-d` flag when executing Python:
+
+```
+    $ python -d file_to_test.py
+```
+
+This will print **a lot** of output to `stderr` so it is probably better to dump
+it to a file for further analysis. The output consists of trace lines with the
+following structure::
+
+```
+    <indentation> ('>'|'-'|'+'|'!') <rule_name>[<token_location>]: <alternative> ...
+```
+
+Every line is indented by a different amount (`<indentation>`) depending on how
+deep the call stack is. The next character marks the type of the trace:
+
+- `>` indicates that a rule is going to be attempted to be parsed.
+- `-` indicates that a rule has failed to be parsed.
+- `+` indicates that a rule has been parsed correctly.
+- `!` indicates that an exception or an error has been detected and the parser is unwinding.
+
+The `<token_location>` part indicates the current index in the token array,
+the `<rule_name>` part indicates what rule is being parsed and
+the `<alternative>` part indicates what alternative within that rule
+is being attempted.
+
+
+> [!NOTE]
+> **Document history**
+>
+>   Pablo Galindo Salgado - Original author
+>
+>   Irit Katriel and Jacob Coffee - Convert to Markdown
diff --git a/InternalDocs/string_interning.md b/InternalDocs/string_interning.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..e0d20632516142
--- /dev/null
+++ b/InternalDocs/string_interning.md
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+# String interning
+
+*Interned* strings are conceptually part of an interpreter-global
+*set* of interned strings, meaning that:
+- no two interned strings have the same content (across an interpreter);
+- two interned strings can be safely compared using pointer equality
+  (Python `is`).
+
+This is used to optimize dict and attribute lookups, among other things.
+
+Python uses two different mechanisms to intern strings: singletons and
+dynamic interning.
+
+## Singletons
+
+The 256 possible one-character latin-1 strings, which can be retrieved with
+`_Py_LATIN1_CHR(c)`, are stored in statically allocated arrays,
+`_PyRuntime.static_objects.strings.ascii` and
+`_PyRuntime.static_objects.strings.latin1`.
+
+Longer singleton strings are marked in C source with `_Py_ID` (if the string
+is a valid C identifier fragment) or `_Py_STR` (if it needs a separate
+C-compatible name.)
+These are also stored in statically allocated arrays.
+They are collected from CPython sources using `make regen-global-objects`
+(`Tools/build/generate_global_objects.py`), which generates code
+for declaration, initialization and finalization.
+
+The empty string is one of the singletons: `_Py_STR(empty)`.
+
+The three sets of singletons (`_Py_LATIN1_CHR`, `_Py_ID`, `_Py_STR`)
+are disjoint.
+If you have such a singleton, it (and no other copy) will be interned.
+
+These singletons are interned in a runtime-global lookup table,
+`_PyRuntime.cached_objects.interned_strings` (`INTERNED_STRINGS`),
+at runtime initialization, and immutable until it's torn down
+at runtime finalization.
+It is shared across threads and interpreters without any synchronization.
+
+
+## Dynamically allocated strings
+
+All other strings are allocated dynamically, and have their
+`_PyUnicode_STATE(s).statically_allocated` flag set to zero.
+When interned, such strings are added to an interpreter-wide dict,
+`PyInterpreterState.cached_objects.interned_strings`.
+
+The key and value of each entry in this dict reference the same object.
+
+
+## Immortality and reference counting
+
+Invariant: Every immortal string is interned.
+
+In practice, this means that you must not use `_Py_SetImmortal` on
+a string. (If you know it's already immortal, don't immortalize it;
+if you know it's not interned you might be immortalizing a redundant copy;
+if it's interned and mortal it needs extra processing in
+`_PyUnicode_InternImmortal`.)
+
+The converse is not true: interned strings can be mortal.
+For mortal interned strings:
+- the 2 references from the interned dict (key & value) are excluded from
+  their refcount
+- the deallocator (`unicode_dealloc`) removes the string from the interned dict
+- at shutdown, when the interned dict is cleared, the references are added back
+
+As with any type, you should only immortalize strings that will live until
+interpreter shutdown.
+We currently also immortalize strings contained in code objects and similar,
+specifically in the compiler and in `marshal`.
+These are “close enough” to immortal: even in use cases like hot reloading
+or `eval`-ing user input, the number of distinct identifiers and string
+constants is expected to stay low.
+
+
+## Internal API
+
+We have the following *internal* API for interning:
+
+- `_PyUnicode_InternMortal`: just intern the string
+- `_PyUnicode_InternImmortal`: intern, and immortalize the result
+- `_PyUnicode_InternStatic`: intern a static singleton (`_Py_STR`, `_Py_ID`
+  or one-byte). Not for general use.
+
+All take an interpreter state, and a pointer to a `PyObject*` which they
+modify in place.
+
+The functions take ownership of (“steal”) the reference to their argument,
+and update the argument with a *new* reference.
+This means:
+- They're “reference neutral”.
+- They must not be called with a borrowed reference.
+
+
+## State
+
+The intern state (retrieved by `PyUnicode_CHECK_INTERNED(s)`;
+stored in `_PyUnicode_STATE(s).interned`) can be:
+
+- `SSTATE_NOT_INTERNED` (defined as 0, which is useful in a boolean context)
+- `SSTATE_INTERNED_MORTAL` (1)
+- `SSTATE_INTERNED_IMMORTAL` (2)
+- `SSTATE_INTERNED_IMMORTAL_STATIC` (3)
+
+The valid transitions between these states are:
+
+- For dynamically allocated strings:
+
+  - 0 -> 1 (`_PyUnicode_InternMortal`)
+  - 1 -> 2 or 0 -> 2 (`_PyUnicode_InternImmortal`)
+
+  Using `_PyUnicode_InternStatic` on these is an error; the other cases
+  don't change the state.
+
+- Singletons are interned (0 -> 3) at runtime init;
+  after that all interning functions don't change the state.
diff --git a/Lib/_android_support.py b/Lib/_android_support.py
index 590e85ea8c2db1..7572745c851847 100644
--- a/Lib/_android_support.py
+++ b/Lib/_android_support.py
@@ -1,19 +1,20 @@
 import io
 import sys
-
+from threading import RLock
+from time import sleep, time
 
 # The maximum length of a log message in bytes, including the level marker and
-# tag, is defined as LOGGER_ENTRY_MAX_PAYLOAD in
-# platform/system/logging/liblog/include/log/log.h. As of API level 30, messages
-# longer than this will be be truncated by logcat. This limit has already been
-# reduced at least once in the history of Android (from 4076 to 4068 between API
-# level 23 and 26), so leave some headroom.
+# tag, is defined as LOGGER_ENTRY_MAX_PAYLOAD at
+# https://cs.android.com/android/platform/superproject/+/android-14.0.0_r1:system/logging/liblog/include/log/log.h;l=71.
+# Messages longer than this will be be truncated by logcat. This limit has already
+# been reduced at least once in the history of Android (from 4076 to 4068 between
+# API level 23 and 26), so leave some headroom.
 MAX_BYTES_PER_WRITE = 4000
 
 # UTF-8 uses a maximum of 4 bytes per character, so limiting text writes to this
-# size ensures that TextIOWrapper can always avoid exceeding MAX_BYTES_PER_WRITE.
+# size ensures that we can always avoid exceeding MAX_BYTES_PER_WRITE.
 # However, if the actual number of bytes per character is smaller than that,
-# then TextIOWrapper may still join multiple consecutive text writes into binary
+# then we may still join multiple consecutive text writes into binary
 # writes containing a larger number of characters.
 MAX_CHARS_PER_WRITE = MAX_BYTES_PER_WRITE // 4
 
@@ -26,18 +27,27 @@ def init_streams(android_log_write, stdout_prio, stderr_prio):
     if sys.executable:
         return  # Not embedded in an app.
 
+    global logcat
+    logcat = Logcat(android_log_write)
+
     sys.stdout = TextLogStream(
-        android_log_write, stdout_prio, "python.stdout", errors=sys.stdout.errors)
+        stdout_prio, "python.stdout", sys.stdout.fileno())
     sys.stderr = TextLogStream(
-        android_log_write, stderr_prio, "python.stderr", errors=sys.stderr.errors)
+        stderr_prio, "python.stderr", sys.stderr.fileno())
 
 
 class TextLogStream(io.TextIOWrapper):
-    def __init__(self, android_log_write, prio, tag, **kwargs):
+    def __init__(self, prio, tag, fileno=None, **kwargs):
+        # The default is surrogateescape for stdout and backslashreplace for
+        # stderr, but in the context of an Android log, readability is more
+        # important than reversibility.
         kwargs.setdefault("encoding", "UTF-8")
-        kwargs.setdefault("line_buffering", True)
-        super().__init__(BinaryLogStream(android_log_write, prio, tag), **kwargs)
-        self._CHUNK_SIZE = MAX_BYTES_PER_WRITE
+        kwargs.setdefault("errors", "backslashreplace")
+
+        super().__init__(BinaryLogStream(prio, tag, fileno), **kwargs)
+        self._lock = RLock()
+        self._pending_bytes = []
+        self._pending_bytes_count = 0
 
     def __repr__(self):
         return f"<TextLogStream {self.buffer.tag!r}>"
@@ -52,21 +62,51 @@ def write(self, s):
         s = str.__str__(s)
 
         # We want to emit one log message per line wherever possible, so split
-        # the string before sending it to the superclass. Note that
-        # "".splitlines() == [], so nothing will be logged for an empty string.
-        for line in s.splitlines(keepends=True):
-            while line:
-                super().write(line[:MAX_CHARS_PER_WRITE])
-                line = line[MAX_CHARS_PER_WRITE:]
+        # the string into lines first. Note that "".splitlines() == [], so
+        # nothing will be logged for an empty string.
+        with self._lock:
+            for line in s.splitlines(keepends=True):
+                while line:
+                    chunk = line[:MAX_CHARS_PER_WRITE]
+                    line = line[MAX_CHARS_PER_WRITE:]
+                    self._write_chunk(chunk)
 
         return len(s)
 
+    # The size and behavior of TextIOWrapper's buffer is not part of its public
+    # API, so we handle buffering ourselves to avoid truncation.
+    def _write_chunk(self, s):
+        b = s.encode(self.encoding, self.errors)
+        if self._pending_bytes_count + len(b) > MAX_BYTES_PER_WRITE:
+            self.flush()
+
+        self._pending_bytes.append(b)
+        self._pending_bytes_count += len(b)
+        if (
+            self.write_through
+            or b.endswith(b"\n")
+            or self._pending_bytes_count > MAX_BYTES_PER_WRITE
+        ):
+            self.flush()
+
+    def flush(self):
+        with self._lock:
+            self.buffer.write(b"".join(self._pending_bytes))
+            self._pending_bytes.clear()
+            self._pending_bytes_count = 0
+
+    # Since this is a line-based logging system, line buffering cannot be turned
+    # off, i.e. a newline always causes a flush.
+    @property
+    def line_buffering(self):
+        return True
+
 
 class BinaryLogStream(io.RawIOBase):
-    def __init__(self, android_log_write, prio, tag):
-        self.android_log_write = android_log_write
+    def __init__(self, prio, tag, fileno=None):
         self.prio = prio
         self.tag = tag
+        self._fileno = fileno
 
     def __repr__(self):
         return f"<BinaryLogStream {self.tag!r}>"
@@ -85,10 +125,57 @@ def write(self, b):
 
         # Writing an empty string to the stream should have no effect.
         if b:
-            # Encode null bytes using "modified UTF-8" to avoid truncating the
-            # message. This should not affect the return value, as the caller
-            # may be expecting it to match the length of the input.
-            self.android_log_write(self.prio, self.tag,
-                                   b.replace(b"\x00", b"\xc0\x80"))
-
+            logcat.write(self.prio, self.tag, b)
         return len(b)
+
+    # This is needed by the test suite --timeout option, which uses faulthandler.
+    def fileno(self):
+        if self._fileno is None:
+            raise io.UnsupportedOperation("fileno")
+        return self._fileno
+
+
+# When a large volume of data is written to logcat at once, e.g. when a test
+# module fails in --verbose3 mode, there's a risk of overflowing logcat's own
+# buffer and losing messages. We avoid this by imposing a rate limit using the
+# token bucket algorithm, based on a conservative estimate of how fast `adb
+# logcat` can consume data.
+MAX_BYTES_PER_SECOND = 1024 * 1024
+
+# The logcat buffer size of a device can be determined by running `logcat -g`.
+# We set the token bucket size to half of the buffer size of our current minimum
+# API level, because other things on the system will be producing messages as
+# well.
+BUCKET_SIZE = 128 * 1024
+
+# https://cs.android.com/android/platform/superproject/+/android-14.0.0_r1:system/logging/liblog/include/log/log_read.h;l=39
+PER_MESSAGE_OVERHEAD = 28
+
+
+class Logcat:
+    def __init__(self, android_log_write):
+        self.android_log_write = android_log_write
+        self._lock = RLock()
+        self._bucket_level = 0
+        self._prev_write_time = time()
+
+    def write(self, prio, tag, message):
+        # Encode null bytes using "modified UTF-8" to avoid them truncating the
+        # message.
+        message = message.replace(b"\x00", b"\xc0\x80")
+
+        with self._lock:
+            now = time()
+            self._bucket_level += (
+                (now - self._prev_write_time) * MAX_BYTES_PER_SECOND)
+
+            # If the bucket level is still below zero, the clock must have gone
+            # backwards, so reset it to zero and continue.
+            self._bucket_level = max(0, min(self._bucket_level, BUCKET_SIZE))
+            self._prev_write_time = now
+
+            self._bucket_level -= PER_MESSAGE_OVERHEAD + len(tag) + len(message)
+            if self._bucket_level < 0:
+                sleep(-self._bucket_level / MAX_BYTES_PER_SECOND)
+
+            self.android_log_write(prio, tag, message)
diff --git a/Lib/_collections_abc.py b/Lib/_collections_abc.py
index 1135e17e379059..06667b7434ccef 100644
--- a/Lib/_collections_abc.py
+++ b/Lib/_collections_abc.py
@@ -85,6 +85,10 @@ def _f(): pass
 dict_items = type({}.items())
 ## misc ##
 mappingproxy = type(type.__dict__)
+def _get_framelocalsproxy():
+    return type(sys._getframe().f_locals)
+framelocalsproxy = _get_framelocalsproxy()
+del _get_framelocalsproxy
 generator = type((lambda: (yield))())
 ## coroutine ##
 async def _coro(): pass
@@ -481,9 +485,10 @@ def __new__(cls, origin, args):
     def __repr__(self):
         if len(self.__args__) == 2 and _is_param_expr(self.__args__[0]):
             return super().__repr__()
+        from annotationlib import value_to_string
         return (f'collections.abc.Callable'
-                f'[[{", ".join([_type_repr(a) for a in self.__args__[:-1]])}], '
-                f'{_type_repr(self.__args__[-1])}]')
+                f'[[{", ".join([value_to_string(a) for a in self.__args__[:-1]])}], '
+                f'{value_to_string(self.__args__[-1])}]')
 
     def __reduce__(self):
         args = self.__args__
@@ -520,23 +525,6 @@ def _is_param_expr(obj):
     names = ('ParamSpec', '_ConcatenateGenericAlias')
     return obj.__module__ == 'typing' and any(obj.__name__ == name for name in names)
 
-def _type_repr(obj):
-    """Return the repr() of an object, special-casing types (internal helper).
-
-    Copied from :mod:`typing` since collections.abc
-    shouldn't depend on that module.
-    (Keep this roughly in sync with the typing version.)
-    """
-    if isinstance(obj, type):
-        if obj.__module__ == 'builtins':
-            return obj.__qualname__
-        return f'{obj.__module__}.{obj.__qualname__}'
-    if obj is Ellipsis:
-        return '...'
-    if isinstance(obj, FunctionType):
-        return obj.__name__
-    return repr(obj)
-
 
 class Callable(metaclass=ABCMeta):
 
@@ -836,6 +824,7 @@ def __eq__(self, other):
     __reversed__ = None
 
 Mapping.register(mappingproxy)
+Mapping.register(framelocalsproxy)
 
 
 class MappingView(Sized):
@@ -973,7 +962,7 @@ def clear(self):
 
     def update(self, other=(), /, **kwds):
         ''' D.update([E, ]**F) -> None.  Update D from mapping/iterable E and F.
-            If E present and has a .keys() method, does:     for k in E: D[k] = E[k]
+            If E present and has a .keys() method, does:     for k in E.keys(): D[k] = E[k]
             If E present and lacks .keys() method, does:     for (k, v) in E: D[k] = v
             In either case, this is followed by: for k, v in F.items(): D[k] = v
         '''
diff --git a/Lib/_opcode_metadata.py b/Lib/_opcode_metadata.py
index c5d1c79fe6b043..9a793717cf082b 100644
--- a/Lib/_opcode_metadata.py
+++ b/Lib/_opcode_metadata.py
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@
         "LOAD_ATTR_WITH_HINT",
         "LOAD_ATTR_SLOT",
         "LOAD_ATTR_CLASS",
+        "LOAD_ATTR_CLASS_WITH_METACLASS_CHECK",
         "LOAD_ATTR_PROPERTY",
         "LOAD_ATTR_GETATTRIBUTE_OVERRIDDEN",
         "LOAD_ATTR_METHOD_WITH_VALUES",
@@ -107,6 +108,11 @@
         "CALL_BOUND_METHOD_GENERAL",
         "CALL_NON_PY_GENERAL",
     ],
+    "CALL_KW": [
+        "CALL_KW_BOUND_METHOD",
+        "CALL_KW_PY",
+        "CALL_KW_NON_PY",
+    ],
 }
 
 _specialized_opmap = {
@@ -131,59 +137,63 @@
     'CALL_BUILTIN_FAST_WITH_KEYWORDS': 167,
     'CALL_BUILTIN_O': 168,
     'CALL_ISINSTANCE': 169,
-    'CALL_LEN': 170,
-    'CALL_LIST_APPEND': 171,
-    'CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_FAST': 172,
-    'CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_FAST_WITH_KEYWORDS': 173,
-    'CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_NOARGS': 174,
-    'CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_O': 175,
-    'CALL_NON_PY_GENERAL': 176,
-    'CALL_PY_EXACT_ARGS': 177,
-    'CALL_PY_GENERAL': 178,
-    'CALL_STR_1': 179,
-    'CALL_TUPLE_1': 180,
-    'CALL_TYPE_1': 181,
-    'COMPARE_OP_FLOAT': 182,
-    'COMPARE_OP_INT': 183,
-    'COMPARE_OP_STR': 184,
-    'CONTAINS_OP_DICT': 185,
-    'CONTAINS_OP_SET': 186,
-    'FOR_ITER_GEN': 187,
-    'FOR_ITER_LIST': 188,
-    'FOR_ITER_RANGE': 189,
-    'FOR_ITER_TUPLE': 190,
-    'LOAD_ATTR_CLASS': 191,
-    'LOAD_ATTR_GETATTRIBUTE_OVERRIDDEN': 192,
-    'LOAD_ATTR_INSTANCE_VALUE': 193,
-    'LOAD_ATTR_METHOD_LAZY_DICT': 194,
-    'LOAD_ATTR_METHOD_NO_DICT': 195,
-    'LOAD_ATTR_METHOD_WITH_VALUES': 196,
-    'LOAD_ATTR_MODULE': 197,
-    'LOAD_ATTR_NONDESCRIPTOR_NO_DICT': 198,
-    'LOAD_ATTR_NONDESCRIPTOR_WITH_VALUES': 199,
-    'LOAD_ATTR_PROPERTY': 200,
-    'LOAD_ATTR_SLOT': 201,
-    'LOAD_ATTR_WITH_HINT': 202,
-    'LOAD_GLOBAL_BUILTIN': 203,
-    'LOAD_GLOBAL_MODULE': 204,
-    'LOAD_SUPER_ATTR_ATTR': 205,
-    'LOAD_SUPER_ATTR_METHOD': 206,
-    'RESUME_CHECK': 207,
-    'SEND_GEN': 208,
-    'STORE_ATTR_INSTANCE_VALUE': 209,
-    'STORE_ATTR_SLOT': 210,
-    'STORE_ATTR_WITH_HINT': 211,
-    'STORE_SUBSCR_DICT': 212,
-    'STORE_SUBSCR_LIST_INT': 213,
-    'TO_BOOL_ALWAYS_TRUE': 214,
-    'TO_BOOL_BOOL': 215,
-    'TO_BOOL_INT': 216,
-    'TO_BOOL_LIST': 217,
-    'TO_BOOL_NONE': 218,
-    'TO_BOOL_STR': 219,
-    'UNPACK_SEQUENCE_LIST': 220,
-    'UNPACK_SEQUENCE_TUPLE': 221,
-    'UNPACK_SEQUENCE_TWO_TUPLE': 222,
+    'CALL_KW_BOUND_METHOD': 170,
+    'CALL_KW_NON_PY': 171,
+    'CALL_KW_PY': 172,
+    'CALL_LEN': 173,
+    'CALL_LIST_APPEND': 174,
+    'CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_FAST': 175,
+    'CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_FAST_WITH_KEYWORDS': 176,
+    'CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_NOARGS': 177,
+    'CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_O': 178,
+    'CALL_NON_PY_GENERAL': 179,
+    'CALL_PY_EXACT_ARGS': 180,
+    'CALL_PY_GENERAL': 181,
+    'CALL_STR_1': 182,
+    'CALL_TUPLE_1': 183,
+    'CALL_TYPE_1': 184,
+    'COMPARE_OP_FLOAT': 185,
+    'COMPARE_OP_INT': 186,
+    'COMPARE_OP_STR': 187,
+    'CONTAINS_OP_DICT': 188,
+    'CONTAINS_OP_SET': 189,
+    'FOR_ITER_GEN': 190,
+    'FOR_ITER_LIST': 191,
+    'FOR_ITER_RANGE': 192,
+    'FOR_ITER_TUPLE': 193,
+    'LOAD_ATTR_CLASS': 194,
+    'LOAD_ATTR_CLASS_WITH_METACLASS_CHECK': 195,
+    'LOAD_ATTR_GETATTRIBUTE_OVERRIDDEN': 196,
+    'LOAD_ATTR_INSTANCE_VALUE': 197,
+    'LOAD_ATTR_METHOD_LAZY_DICT': 198,
+    'LOAD_ATTR_METHOD_NO_DICT': 199,
+    'LOAD_ATTR_METHOD_WITH_VALUES': 200,
+    'LOAD_ATTR_MODULE': 201,
+    'LOAD_ATTR_NONDESCRIPTOR_NO_DICT': 202,
+    'LOAD_ATTR_NONDESCRIPTOR_WITH_VALUES': 203,
+    'LOAD_ATTR_PROPERTY': 204,
+    'LOAD_ATTR_SLOT': 205,
+    'LOAD_ATTR_WITH_HINT': 206,
+    'LOAD_GLOBAL_BUILTIN': 207,
+    'LOAD_GLOBAL_MODULE': 208,
+    'LOAD_SUPER_ATTR_ATTR': 209,
+    'LOAD_SUPER_ATTR_METHOD': 210,
+    'RESUME_CHECK': 211,
+    'SEND_GEN': 212,
+    'STORE_ATTR_INSTANCE_VALUE': 213,
+    'STORE_ATTR_SLOT': 214,
+    'STORE_ATTR_WITH_HINT': 215,
+    'STORE_SUBSCR_DICT': 216,
+    'STORE_SUBSCR_LIST_INT': 217,
+    'TO_BOOL_ALWAYS_TRUE': 218,
+    'TO_BOOL_BOOL': 219,
+    'TO_BOOL_INT': 220,
+    'TO_BOOL_LIST': 221,
+    'TO_BOOL_NONE': 222,
+    'TO_BOOL_STR': 223,
+    'UNPACK_SEQUENCE_LIST': 224,
+    'UNPACK_SEQUENCE_TUPLE': 225,
+    'UNPACK_SEQUENCE_TWO_TUPLE': 226,
 }
 
 opmap = {
@@ -191,149 +201,149 @@
     'RESERVED': 17,
     'RESUME': 149,
     'INSTRUMENTED_LINE': 254,
-    'BEFORE_ASYNC_WITH': 1,
-    'BEFORE_WITH': 2,
-    'BINARY_SLICE': 4,
-    'BINARY_SUBSCR': 5,
-    'CHECK_EG_MATCH': 6,
-    'CHECK_EXC_MATCH': 7,
-    'CLEANUP_THROW': 8,
-    'DELETE_SUBSCR': 9,
-    'END_ASYNC_FOR': 10,
-    'END_FOR': 11,
-    'END_SEND': 12,
-    'EXIT_INIT_CHECK': 13,
-    'FORMAT_SIMPLE': 14,
-    'FORMAT_WITH_SPEC': 15,
-    'GET_AITER': 16,
-    'GET_ANEXT': 18,
-    'GET_ITER': 19,
-    'GET_LEN': 20,
-    'GET_YIELD_FROM_ITER': 21,
-    'INTERPRETER_EXIT': 22,
-    'LOAD_BUILD_CLASS': 23,
-    'LOAD_LOCALS': 24,
-    'MAKE_FUNCTION': 25,
-    'MATCH_KEYS': 26,
-    'MATCH_MAPPING': 27,
-    'MATCH_SEQUENCE': 28,
-    'NOP': 29,
-    'POP_EXCEPT': 30,
-    'POP_TOP': 31,
-    'PUSH_EXC_INFO': 32,
-    'PUSH_NULL': 33,
-    'RETURN_GENERATOR': 34,
-    'RETURN_VALUE': 35,
-    'SETUP_ANNOTATIONS': 36,
-    'STORE_SLICE': 37,
-    'STORE_SUBSCR': 38,
-    'TO_BOOL': 39,
-    'UNARY_INVERT': 40,
-    'UNARY_NEGATIVE': 41,
-    'UNARY_NOT': 42,
-    'WITH_EXCEPT_START': 43,
-    'BINARY_OP': 44,
-    'BUILD_CONST_KEY_MAP': 45,
-    'BUILD_LIST': 46,
-    'BUILD_MAP': 47,
-    'BUILD_SET': 48,
-    'BUILD_SLICE': 49,
-    'BUILD_STRING': 50,
-    'BUILD_TUPLE': 51,
-    'CALL': 52,
-    'CALL_FUNCTION_EX': 53,
-    'CALL_INTRINSIC_1': 54,
-    'CALL_INTRINSIC_2': 55,
-    'CALL_KW': 56,
-    'COMPARE_OP': 57,
-    'CONTAINS_OP': 58,
-    'CONVERT_VALUE': 59,
-    'COPY': 60,
-    'COPY_FREE_VARS': 61,
-    'DELETE_ATTR': 62,
-    'DELETE_DEREF': 63,
-    'DELETE_FAST': 64,
-    'DELETE_GLOBAL': 65,
-    'DELETE_NAME': 66,
-    'DICT_MERGE': 67,
-    'DICT_UPDATE': 68,
-    'ENTER_EXECUTOR': 69,
-    'EXTENDED_ARG': 70,
-    'FOR_ITER': 71,
-    'GET_AWAITABLE': 72,
-    'IMPORT_FROM': 73,
-    'IMPORT_NAME': 74,
-    'IS_OP': 75,
-    'JUMP_BACKWARD': 76,
-    'JUMP_BACKWARD_NO_INTERRUPT': 77,
-    'JUMP_FORWARD': 78,
-    'LIST_APPEND': 79,
-    'LIST_EXTEND': 80,
-    'LOAD_ATTR': 81,
-    'LOAD_COMMON_CONSTANT': 82,
-    'LOAD_CONST': 83,
-    'LOAD_DEREF': 84,
-    'LOAD_FAST': 85,
-    'LOAD_FAST_AND_CLEAR': 86,
-    'LOAD_FAST_CHECK': 87,
-    'LOAD_FAST_LOAD_FAST': 88,
-    'LOAD_FROM_DICT_OR_DEREF': 89,
-    'LOAD_FROM_DICT_OR_GLOBALS': 90,
-    'LOAD_GLOBAL': 91,
-    'LOAD_NAME': 92,
-    'LOAD_SUPER_ATTR': 93,
-    'MAKE_CELL': 94,
-    'MAP_ADD': 95,
-    'MATCH_CLASS': 96,
-    'POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE': 97,
-    'POP_JUMP_IF_NONE': 98,
-    'POP_JUMP_IF_NOT_NONE': 99,
-    'POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE': 100,
-    'RAISE_VARARGS': 101,
-    'RERAISE': 102,
-    'RETURN_CONST': 103,
-    'SEND': 104,
-    'SET_ADD': 105,
-    'SET_FUNCTION_ATTRIBUTE': 106,
-    'SET_UPDATE': 107,
-    'STORE_ATTR': 108,
-    'STORE_DEREF': 109,
-    'STORE_FAST': 110,
-    'STORE_FAST_LOAD_FAST': 111,
-    'STORE_FAST_STORE_FAST': 112,
-    'STORE_GLOBAL': 113,
-    'STORE_NAME': 114,
-    'SWAP': 115,
-    'UNPACK_EX': 116,
-    'UNPACK_SEQUENCE': 117,
-    'YIELD_VALUE': 118,
-    'INSTRUMENTED_RESUME': 236,
-    'INSTRUMENTED_END_FOR': 237,
-    'INSTRUMENTED_END_SEND': 238,
-    'INSTRUMENTED_RETURN_VALUE': 239,
-    'INSTRUMENTED_RETURN_CONST': 240,
-    'INSTRUMENTED_YIELD_VALUE': 241,
-    'INSTRUMENTED_LOAD_SUPER_ATTR': 242,
-    'INSTRUMENTED_FOR_ITER': 243,
-    'INSTRUMENTED_CALL': 244,
-    'INSTRUMENTED_CALL_KW': 245,
-    'INSTRUMENTED_CALL_FUNCTION_EX': 246,
-    'INSTRUMENTED_INSTRUCTION': 247,
-    'INSTRUMENTED_JUMP_FORWARD': 248,
-    'INSTRUMENTED_JUMP_BACKWARD': 249,
-    'INSTRUMENTED_POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE': 250,
-    'INSTRUMENTED_POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE': 251,
-    'INSTRUMENTED_POP_JUMP_IF_NONE': 252,
-    'INSTRUMENTED_POP_JUMP_IF_NOT_NONE': 253,
+    'ENTER_EXECUTOR': 255,
+    'BINARY_SLICE': 1,
+    'BINARY_SUBSCR': 2,
+    'CHECK_EG_MATCH': 4,
+    'CHECK_EXC_MATCH': 5,
+    'CLEANUP_THROW': 6,
+    'DELETE_SUBSCR': 7,
+    'END_ASYNC_FOR': 8,
+    'END_FOR': 9,
+    'END_SEND': 10,
+    'EXIT_INIT_CHECK': 11,
+    'FORMAT_SIMPLE': 12,
+    'FORMAT_WITH_SPEC': 13,
+    'GET_AITER': 14,
+    'GET_ANEXT': 15,
+    'GET_ITER': 16,
+    'GET_LEN': 18,
+    'GET_YIELD_FROM_ITER': 19,
+    'INTERPRETER_EXIT': 20,
+    'LOAD_BUILD_CLASS': 21,
+    'LOAD_LOCALS': 22,
+    'MAKE_FUNCTION': 23,
+    'MATCH_KEYS': 24,
+    'MATCH_MAPPING': 25,
+    'MATCH_SEQUENCE': 26,
+    'NOP': 27,
+    'POP_EXCEPT': 28,
+    'POP_TOP': 29,
+    'PUSH_EXC_INFO': 30,
+    'PUSH_NULL': 31,
+    'RETURN_GENERATOR': 32,
+    'RETURN_VALUE': 33,
+    'SETUP_ANNOTATIONS': 34,
+    'STORE_SLICE': 35,
+    'STORE_SUBSCR': 36,
+    'TO_BOOL': 37,
+    'UNARY_INVERT': 38,
+    'UNARY_NEGATIVE': 39,
+    'UNARY_NOT': 40,
+    'WITH_EXCEPT_START': 41,
+    'BINARY_OP': 42,
+    'BUILD_LIST': 43,
+    'BUILD_MAP': 44,
+    'BUILD_SET': 45,
+    'BUILD_SLICE': 46,
+    'BUILD_STRING': 47,
+    'BUILD_TUPLE': 48,
+    'CALL': 49,
+    'CALL_FUNCTION_EX': 50,
+    'CALL_INTRINSIC_1': 51,
+    'CALL_INTRINSIC_2': 52,
+    'CALL_KW': 53,
+    'COMPARE_OP': 54,
+    'CONTAINS_OP': 55,
+    'CONVERT_VALUE': 56,
+    'COPY': 57,
+    'COPY_FREE_VARS': 58,
+    'DELETE_ATTR': 59,
+    'DELETE_DEREF': 60,
+    'DELETE_FAST': 61,
+    'DELETE_GLOBAL': 62,
+    'DELETE_NAME': 63,
+    'DICT_MERGE': 64,
+    'DICT_UPDATE': 65,
+    'EXTENDED_ARG': 66,
+    'FOR_ITER': 67,
+    'GET_AWAITABLE': 68,
+    'IMPORT_FROM': 69,
+    'IMPORT_NAME': 70,
+    'IS_OP': 71,
+    'JUMP_BACKWARD': 72,
+    'JUMP_BACKWARD_NO_INTERRUPT': 73,
+    'JUMP_FORWARD': 74,
+    'LIST_APPEND': 75,
+    'LIST_EXTEND': 76,
+    'LOAD_ATTR': 77,
+    'LOAD_COMMON_CONSTANT': 78,
+    'LOAD_CONST': 79,
+    'LOAD_DEREF': 80,
+    'LOAD_FAST': 81,
+    'LOAD_FAST_AND_CLEAR': 82,
+    'LOAD_FAST_CHECK': 83,
+    'LOAD_FAST_LOAD_FAST': 84,
+    'LOAD_FROM_DICT_OR_DEREF': 85,
+    'LOAD_FROM_DICT_OR_GLOBALS': 86,
+    'LOAD_GLOBAL': 87,
+    'LOAD_NAME': 88,
+    'LOAD_SPECIAL': 89,
+    'LOAD_SUPER_ATTR': 90,
+    'MAKE_CELL': 91,
+    'MAP_ADD': 92,
+    'MATCH_CLASS': 93,
+    'POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE': 94,
+    'POP_JUMP_IF_NONE': 95,
+    'POP_JUMP_IF_NOT_NONE': 96,
+    'POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE': 97,
+    'RAISE_VARARGS': 98,
+    'RERAISE': 99,
+    'RETURN_CONST': 100,
+    'SEND': 101,
+    'SET_ADD': 102,
+    'SET_FUNCTION_ATTRIBUTE': 103,
+    'SET_UPDATE': 104,
+    'STORE_ATTR': 105,
+    'STORE_DEREF': 106,
+    'STORE_FAST': 107,
+    'STORE_FAST_LOAD_FAST': 108,
+    'STORE_FAST_STORE_FAST': 109,
+    'STORE_GLOBAL': 110,
+    'STORE_NAME': 111,
+    'SWAP': 112,
+    'UNPACK_EX': 113,
+    'UNPACK_SEQUENCE': 114,
+    'YIELD_VALUE': 115,
+    'INSTRUMENTED_END_FOR': 236,
+    'INSTRUMENTED_END_SEND': 237,
+    'INSTRUMENTED_LOAD_SUPER_ATTR': 238,
+    'INSTRUMENTED_FOR_ITER': 239,
+    'INSTRUMENTED_CALL_KW': 240,
+    'INSTRUMENTED_CALL_FUNCTION_EX': 241,
+    'INSTRUMENTED_INSTRUCTION': 242,
+    'INSTRUMENTED_JUMP_FORWARD': 243,
+    'INSTRUMENTED_POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE': 244,
+    'INSTRUMENTED_POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE': 245,
+    'INSTRUMENTED_POP_JUMP_IF_NONE': 246,
+    'INSTRUMENTED_POP_JUMP_IF_NOT_NONE': 247,
+    'INSTRUMENTED_RESUME': 248,
+    'INSTRUMENTED_RETURN_VALUE': 249,
+    'INSTRUMENTED_RETURN_CONST': 250,
+    'INSTRUMENTED_YIELD_VALUE': 251,
+    'INSTRUMENTED_CALL': 252,
+    'INSTRUMENTED_JUMP_BACKWARD': 253,
     'JUMP': 256,
-    'JUMP_NO_INTERRUPT': 257,
-    'LOAD_CLOSURE': 258,
-    'POP_BLOCK': 259,
-    'SETUP_CLEANUP': 260,
-    'SETUP_FINALLY': 261,
-    'SETUP_WITH': 262,
-    'STORE_FAST_MAYBE_NULL': 263,
+    'JUMP_IF_FALSE': 257,
+    'JUMP_IF_TRUE': 258,
+    'JUMP_NO_INTERRUPT': 259,
+    'LOAD_CLOSURE': 260,
+    'POP_BLOCK': 261,
+    'SETUP_CLEANUP': 262,
+    'SETUP_FINALLY': 263,
+    'SETUP_WITH': 264,
+    'STORE_FAST_MAYBE_NULL': 265,
 }
 
-HAVE_ARGUMENT = 43
+HAVE_ARGUMENT = 41
 MIN_INSTRUMENTED_OPCODE = 236
diff --git a/Lib/_pydatetime.py b/Lib/_pydatetime.py
index b7d569cc41740e..78e03e32896740 100644
--- a/Lib/_pydatetime.py
+++ b/Lib/_pydatetime.py
@@ -1,8 +1,4 @@
-"""Concrete date/time and related types.
-
-See http://www.iana.org/time-zones/repository/tz-link.html for
-time zone and DST data sources.
-"""
+"""Pure Python implementation of the datetime module."""
 
 __all__ = ("date", "datetime", "time", "timedelta", "timezone", "tzinfo",
            "MINYEAR", "MAXYEAR", "UTC")
@@ -204,6 +200,28 @@ def _format_offset(off, sep=':'):
                 s += '.%06d' % ss.microseconds
     return s
 
+_normalize_century = None
+def _need_normalize_century():
+    global _normalize_century
+    if _normalize_century is None:
+        try:
+            _normalize_century = (
+                _time.strftime("%Y", (99, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0)) != "0099")
+        except ValueError:
+            _normalize_century = True
+    return _normalize_century
+
+_supports_c99 = None
+def _can_support_c99():
+    global _supports_c99
+    if _supports_c99 is None:
+        try:
+            _supports_c99 = (
+                _time.strftime("%F", (1900, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0)) == "1900-01-01")
+        except ValueError:
+            _supports_c99 = False
+    return _supports_c99
+
 # Correctly substitute for %z and %Z escapes in strftime formats.
 def _wrap_strftime(object, format, timetuple):
     # Don't call utcoffset() or tzname() unless actually needed.
@@ -261,6 +279,20 @@ def _wrap_strftime(object, format, timetuple):
                                 # strftime is going to have at this: escape %
                                 Zreplace = s.replace('%', '%%')
                     newformat.append(Zreplace)
+                # Note that datetime(1000, 1, 1).strftime('%G') == '1000' so
+                # year 1000 for %G can go on the fast path.
+                elif ((ch in 'YG' or ch in 'FC' and _can_support_c99()) and
+                        object.year < 1000 and _need_normalize_century()):
+                    if ch == 'G':
+                        year = int(_time.strftime("%G", timetuple))
+                    else:
+                        year = object.year
+                    if ch == 'C':
+                        push('{:02}'.format(year // 100))
+                    else:
+                        push('{:04}'.format(year))
+                        if ch == 'F':
+                            push('-{:02}-{:02}'.format(*timetuple[1:3]))
                 else:
                     push('%')
                     push(ch)
@@ -431,6 +463,17 @@ def _parse_isoformat_time(tstr):
 
     time_comps = _parse_hh_mm_ss_ff(timestr)
 
+    hour, minute, second, microsecond = time_comps
+    became_next_day = False
+    error_from_components = False
+    if (hour == 24):
+        if all(time_comp == 0 for time_comp in time_comps[1:]):
+            hour = 0
+            time_comps[0] = hour
+            became_next_day = True
+        else:
+            error_from_components = True
+
     tzi = None
     if tz_pos == len_str and tstr[-1] == 'Z':
         tzi = timezone.utc
@@ -463,7 +506,7 @@ def _parse_isoformat_time(tstr):
 
     time_comps.append(tzi)
 
-    return time_comps
+    return time_comps, became_next_day, error_from_components
 
 # tuple[int, int, int] -> tuple[int, int, int] version of date.fromisocalendar
 def _isoweek_to_gregorian(year, week, day):
@@ -908,6 +951,7 @@ class date:
     fromtimestamp()
     today()
     fromordinal()
+    strptime()
 
     Operators:
 
@@ -966,6 +1010,8 @@ def __new__(cls, year, month=None, day=None):
     @classmethod
     def fromtimestamp(cls, t):
         "Construct a date from a POSIX timestamp (like time.time())."
+        if t is None:
+            raise TypeError("'NoneType' object cannot be interpreted as an integer")
         y, m, d, hh, mm, ss, weekday, jday, dst = _time.localtime(t)
         return cls(y, m, d)
 
@@ -1006,6 +1052,12 @@ def fromisocalendar(cls, year, week, day):
         This is the inverse of the date.isocalendar() function"""
         return cls(*_isoweek_to_gregorian(year, week, day))
 
+    @classmethod
+    def strptime(cls, date_string, format):
+        """Parse a date string according to the given format (like time.strptime())."""
+        import _strptime
+        return _strptime._strptime_datetime_date(cls, date_string, format)
+
     # Conversions to string
 
     def __repr__(self):
@@ -1326,6 +1378,7 @@ class time:
     Constructors:
 
     __new__()
+    strptime()
 
     Operators:
 
@@ -1384,6 +1437,12 @@ def __new__(cls, hour=0, minute=0, second=0, microsecond=0, tzinfo=None, *, fold
         self._fold = fold
         return self
 
+    @classmethod
+    def strptime(cls, date_string, format):
+        """string, format -> new time parsed from a string (like time.strptime())."""
+        import _strptime
+        return _strptime._strptime_datetime_time(cls, date_string, format)
+
     # Read-only field accessors
     @property
     def hour(self):
@@ -1554,7 +1613,7 @@ def fromisoformat(cls, time_string):
         time_string = time_string.removeprefix('T')
 
         try:
-            return cls(*_parse_isoformat_time(time_string))
+            return cls(*_parse_isoformat_time(time_string)[0])
         except Exception:
             raise ValueError(f'Invalid isoformat string: {time_string!r}')
 
@@ -1868,10 +1927,27 @@ def fromisoformat(cls, date_string):
 
         if tstr:
             try:
-                time_components = _parse_isoformat_time(tstr)
+                time_components, became_next_day, error_from_components = _parse_isoformat_time(tstr)
             except ValueError:
                 raise ValueError(
                     f'Invalid isoformat string: {date_string!r}') from None
+            else:
+                if error_from_components:
+                    raise ValueError("minute, second, and microsecond must be 0 when hour is 24")
+
+                if became_next_day:
+                    year, month, day = date_components
+                    # Only wrap day/month when it was previously valid
+                    if month <= 12 and day <= (days_in_month := _days_in_month(year, month)):
+                        # Calculate midnight of the next day
+                        day += 1
+                        if day > days_in_month:
+                            day = 1
+                            month += 1
+                            if month > 12:
+                                month = 1
+                                year += 1
+                        date_components = [year, month, day]
         else:
             time_components = [0, 0, 0, 0, None]
 
@@ -2090,7 +2166,7 @@ def __str__(self):
     def strptime(cls, date_string, format):
         'string, format -> new datetime parsed from a string (like time.strptime()).'
         import _strptime
-        return _strptime._strptime_datetime(cls, date_string, format)
+        return _strptime._strptime_datetime_datetime(cls, date_string, format)
 
     def utcoffset(self):
         """Return the timezone offset as timedelta positive east of UTC (negative west of
diff --git a/Lib/_pydecimal.py b/Lib/_pydecimal.py
index 613123ec7b4329..5b60570c6c592a 100644
--- a/Lib/_pydecimal.py
+++ b/Lib/_pydecimal.py
@@ -424,7 +424,7 @@ def sin(x):
 # numbers.py for more detail.
 
 class Decimal(object):
-    """Floating point class for decimal arithmetic."""
+    """Floating-point class for decimal arithmetic."""
 
     __slots__ = ('_exp','_int','_sign', '_is_special')
     # Generally, the value of the Decimal instance is given by
@@ -582,6 +582,21 @@ def __new__(cls, value="0", context=None):
 
         raise TypeError("Cannot convert %r to Decimal" % value)
 
+    @classmethod
+    def from_number(cls, number):
+        """Converts a real number to a decimal number, exactly.
+
+        >>> Decimal.from_number(314)              # int
+        Decimal('314')
+        >>> Decimal.from_number(0.1)              # float
+        Decimal('0.1000000000000000055511151231257827021181583404541015625')
+        >>> Decimal.from_number(Decimal('3.14'))  # another decimal instance
+        Decimal('3.14')
+        """
+        if isinstance(number, (int, Decimal, float)):
+            return cls(number)
+        raise TypeError("Cannot convert %r to Decimal" % number)
+
     @classmethod
     def from_float(cls, f):
         """Converts a float to a decimal number, exactly.
diff --git a/Lib/_pyio.py b/Lib/_pyio.py
index a3fede699218a1..7b6d10c008d3cb 100644
--- a/Lib/_pyio.py
+++ b/Lib/_pyio.py
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
     _setmode = None
 
 import io
-from io import (__all__, SEEK_SET, SEEK_CUR, SEEK_END)
+from io import (__all__, SEEK_SET, SEEK_CUR, SEEK_END)  # noqa: F401
 
 valid_seek_flags = {0, 1, 2}  # Hardwired values
 if hasattr(os, 'SEEK_HOLE') :
@@ -238,18 +238,11 @@ def open(file, mode="r", buffering=-1, encoding=None, errors=None,
     result = raw
     try:
         line_buffering = False
-        if buffering == 1 or buffering < 0 and raw.isatty():
+        if buffering == 1 or buffering < 0 and raw._isatty_open_only():
             buffering = -1
             line_buffering = True
         if buffering < 0:
-            buffering = DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE
-            try:
-                bs = os.fstat(raw.fileno()).st_blksize
-            except (OSError, AttributeError):
-                pass
-            else:
-                if bs > 1:
-                    buffering = bs
+            buffering = raw._blksize
         if buffering < 0:
             raise ValueError("invalid buffering size")
         if buffering == 0:
@@ -1565,18 +1558,15 @@ def __init__(self, file, mode='r', closefd=True, opener=None):
                     os.set_inheritable(fd, False)
 
             self._closefd = closefd
-            fdfstat = os.fstat(fd)
+            self._stat_atopen = os.fstat(fd)
             try:
-                if stat.S_ISDIR(fdfstat.st_mode):
+                if stat.S_ISDIR(self._stat_atopen.st_mode):
                     raise IsADirectoryError(errno.EISDIR,
                                             os.strerror(errno.EISDIR), file)
             except AttributeError:
                 # Ignore the AttributeError if stat.S_ISDIR or errno.EISDIR
                 # don't exist.
                 pass
-            self._blksize = getattr(fdfstat, 'st_blksize', 0)
-            if self._blksize <= 1:
-                self._blksize = DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE
 
             if _setmode:
                 # don't translate newlines (\r\n <=> \n)
@@ -1622,6 +1612,17 @@ def __repr__(self):
             return ('<%s name=%r mode=%r closefd=%r>' %
                     (class_name, name, self.mode, self._closefd))
 
+    @property
+    def _blksize(self):
+        if self._stat_atopen is None:
+            return DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE
+
+        blksize = getattr(self._stat_atopen, "st_blksize", 0)
+        # WASI sets blsize to 0
+        if not blksize:
+            return DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE
+        return blksize
+
     def _checkReadable(self):
         if not self._readable:
             raise UnsupportedOperation('File not open for reading')
@@ -1654,14 +1655,22 @@ def readall(self):
         """
         self._checkClosed()
         self._checkReadable()
-        bufsize = DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE
-        try:
-            pos = os.lseek(self._fd, 0, SEEK_CUR)
-            end = os.fstat(self._fd).st_size
-            if end >= pos:
-                bufsize = end - pos + 1
-        except OSError:
-            pass
+        if self._stat_atopen is None or self._stat_atopen.st_size <= 0:
+            bufsize = DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE
+        else:
+            # In order to detect end of file, need a read() of at least 1
+            # byte which returns size 0. Oversize the buffer by 1 byte so the
+            # I/O can be completed with two read() calls (one for all data, one
+            # for EOF) without needing to resize the buffer.
+            bufsize = self._stat_atopen.st_size + 1
+
+            if self._stat_atopen.st_size > 65536:
+                try:
+                    pos = os.lseek(self._fd, 0, SEEK_CUR)
+                    if self._stat_atopen.st_size >= pos:
+                        bufsize = self._stat_atopen.st_size - pos + 1
+                except OSError:
+                    pass
 
         result = bytearray()
         while True:
@@ -1737,6 +1746,7 @@ def truncate(self, size=None):
         if size is None:
             size = self.tell()
         os.ftruncate(self._fd, size)
+        self._stat_atopen = None
         return size
 
     def close(self):
@@ -1784,6 +1794,21 @@ def isatty(self):
         self._checkClosed()
         return os.isatty(self._fd)
 
+    def _isatty_open_only(self):
+        """Checks whether the file is a TTY using an open-only optimization.
+
+        TTYs are always character devices. If the interpreter knows a file is
+        not a character device when it would call ``isatty``, can skip that
+        call. Inside ``open()``  there is a fresh stat result that contains that
+        information. Use the stat result to skip a system call. Outside of that
+        context TOCTOU issues (the fd could be arbitrarily modified by
+        surrounding code).
+        """
+        if (self._stat_atopen is not None
+            and not stat.S_ISCHR(self._stat_atopen.st_mode)):
+            return False
+        return os.isatty(self._fd)
+
     @property
     def closefd(self):
         """True if the file descriptor will be closed by close()."""
diff --git a/Lib/_pylong.py b/Lib/_pylong.py
index a8bf5cd3e638a4..be1acd17ce3592 100644
--- a/Lib/_pylong.py
+++ b/Lib/_pylong.py
@@ -348,7 +348,7 @@ def inner(n, w):
     # off-by-1 error too low. So we add 2 instead of 1 if chopping lost
     # a fraction > 0.9.
 
-    # The "WASI" test platfrom can complain about `len(s)` if it's too
+    # The "WASI" test platform can complain about `len(s)` if it's too
     # large to fit in its idea of "an index-sized integer".
     lenS = s.__len__()
     log_ub = lenS * _LOG_10_BASE_256
@@ -613,7 +613,7 @@ def int_divmod(a, b):
 #     ctx.prec = max(n.adjusted() - p256.adjusted(), 0) + GUARD
 #     hi = +n * +recip # unary `+` chops to ctx.prec digits
 #
-# we have 3 visible chopped operationa, but there's also a 4th:
+# we have 3 visible chopped operations, but there's also a 4th:
 # precomputing a truncated `recip` as part of setup.
 #
 # So the computed product is exactly equal to the true product times
@@ -703,7 +703,7 @@ def int_divmod(a, b):
 # Enable for brute-force testing of compute_powers(). This takes about a
 # minute, because it tries millions of cases.
 if 0:
-    def consumer(w, limir, need_hi):
+    def consumer(w, limit, need_hi):
         seen = set()
         need = set()
         def inner(w):
@@ -718,7 +718,7 @@ def inner(w):
             inner(lo)
             inner(hi)
         inner(w)
-        exp = compute_powers(w, 1, limir, need_hi=need_hi)
+        exp = compute_powers(w, 1, limit, need_hi=need_hi)
         assert exp.keys() == need
 
     from itertools import chain
diff --git a/Lib/_pyrepl/__main__.py b/Lib/_pyrepl/__main__.py
index dae4ba6e178b9a..3fa992eee8eeff 100644
--- a/Lib/_pyrepl/__main__.py
+++ b/Lib/_pyrepl/__main__.py
@@ -1,51 +1,6 @@
-import os
-import sys
-
-CAN_USE_PYREPL: bool
-if sys.platform != "win32":
-    CAN_USE_PYREPL = True
-else:
-    CAN_USE_PYREPL = sys.getwindowsversion().build >= 10586  # Windows 10 TH2
-
-
-def interactive_console(mainmodule=None, quiet=False, pythonstartup=False):
-    global CAN_USE_PYREPL
-    if not CAN_USE_PYREPL:
-        return sys._baserepl()
-
-    startup_path = os.getenv("PYTHONSTARTUP")
-    if pythonstartup and startup_path:
-        import tokenize
-        with tokenize.open(startup_path) as f:
-            startup_code = compile(f.read(), startup_path, "exec")
-            exec(startup_code)
-
-    # set sys.{ps1,ps2} just before invoking the interactive interpreter. This
-    # mimics what CPython does in pythonrun.c
-    if not hasattr(sys, "ps1"):
-        sys.ps1 = ">>> "
-    if not hasattr(sys, "ps2"):
-        sys.ps2 = "... "
-
-    run_interactive = None
-    try:
-        import errno
-        if not os.isatty(sys.stdin.fileno()):
-            raise OSError(errno.ENOTTY, "tty required", "stdin")
-        from .simple_interact import check
-        if err := check():
-            raise RuntimeError(err)
-        from .simple_interact import run_multiline_interactive_console
-        run_interactive = run_multiline_interactive_console
-    except Exception as e:
-        from .trace import trace
-        msg = f"warning: can't use pyrepl: {e}"
-        trace(msg)
-        print(msg, file=sys.stderr)
-        CAN_USE_PYREPL = False
-    if run_interactive is None:
-        return sys._baserepl()
-    return run_interactive(mainmodule)
+# Important: don't add things to this module, as they will end up in the REPL's
+# default globals.  Use _pyrepl.main instead.
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-    interactive_console()
+    from .main import interactive_console as __pyrepl_interactive_console
+    __pyrepl_interactive_console()
diff --git a/Lib/_pyrepl/_threading_handler.py b/Lib/_pyrepl/_threading_handler.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..82f5e8650a2072
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/_pyrepl/_threading_handler.py
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+import traceback
+
+
+TYPE_CHECKING = False
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from threading import Thread
+    from types import TracebackType
+    from typing import Protocol
+
+    class ExceptHookArgs(Protocol):
+        @property
+        def exc_type(self) -> type[BaseException]: ...
+        @property
+        def exc_value(self) -> BaseException | None: ...
+        @property
+        def exc_traceback(self) -> TracebackType | None: ...
+        @property
+        def thread(self) -> Thread | None: ...
+
+    class ShowExceptions(Protocol):
+        def __call__(self) -> int: ...
+        def add(self, s: str) -> None: ...
+
+    from .reader import Reader
+
+
+def install_threading_hook(reader: Reader) -> None:
+    import threading
+
+    @dataclass
+    class ExceptHookHandler:
+        lock: threading.Lock = field(default_factory=threading.Lock)
+        messages: list[str] = field(default_factory=list)
+
+        def show(self) -> int:
+            count = 0
+            with self.lock:
+                if not self.messages:
+                    return 0
+                reader.restore()
+                for tb in self.messages:
+                    count += 1
+                    if tb:
+                        print(tb)
+                self.messages.clear()
+                reader.scheduled_commands.append("ctrl-c")
+                reader.prepare()
+            return count
+
+        def add(self, s: str) -> None:
+            with self.lock:
+                self.messages.append(s)
+
+        def exception(self, args: ExceptHookArgs) -> None:
+            lines = traceback.format_exception(
+                args.exc_type,
+                args.exc_value,
+                args.exc_traceback,
+                colorize=reader.can_colorize,
+            )  # type: ignore[call-overload]
+            pre = f"\nException in {args.thread.name}:\n" if args.thread else "\n"
+            tb = pre + "".join(lines)
+            self.add(tb)
+
+        def __call__(self) -> int:
+            return self.show()
+
+
+    handler = ExceptHookHandler()
+    reader.threading_hook = handler
+    threading.excepthook = handler.exception
diff --git a/Lib/_pyrepl/commands.py b/Lib/_pyrepl/commands.py
index 6bffed1bfe9327..c3fce91013b001 100644
--- a/Lib/_pyrepl/commands.py
+++ b/Lib/_pyrepl/commands.py
@@ -368,8 +368,6 @@ def do(self) -> None:
         r = self.reader
         text = self.event * r.get_arg()
         r.insert(text)
-        if len(text) == 1 and r.pos == len(r.buffer):
-            r.calc_screen = r.append_to_screen
 
 
 class insert_nl(EditCommand):
@@ -483,4 +481,3 @@ def do(self) -> None:
         self.reader.paste_mode = False
         self.reader.in_bracketed_paste = False
         self.reader.dirty = True
-        self.reader.calc_screen = self.reader.calc_complete_screen
diff --git a/Lib/_pyrepl/completing_reader.py b/Lib/_pyrepl/completing_reader.py
index 8df35ccb9117b1..e856bb9807c7f6 100644
--- a/Lib/_pyrepl/completing_reader.py
+++ b/Lib/_pyrepl/completing_reader.py
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ def build_menu(
         #          D E F                       B E
         #          G                           C F
         #
-        # "fill" the table with empty words, so we always have the same amout
+        # "fill" the table with empty words, so we always have the same amount
         # of rows for each column
         missing = cols*rows - len(wordlist)
         wordlist = wordlist + ['']*missing
@@ -209,10 +209,6 @@ def do(self) -> None:
         r = self.reader  # type: ignore[assignment]
 
         commands.self_insert.do(self)
-
-        if r.cmpltn_menu_visible or r.cmpltn_message_visible:
-            r.calc_screen = r.calc_complete_screen
-
         if r.cmpltn_menu_visible:
             stem = r.get_stem()
             if len(stem) < 1:
@@ -261,8 +257,8 @@ def after_command(self, cmd: Command) -> None:
         if not isinstance(cmd, (complete, self_insert)):
             self.cmpltn_reset()
 
-    def calc_complete_screen(self) -> list[str]:
-        screen = super().calc_complete_screen()
+    def calc_screen(self) -> list[str]:
+        screen = super().calc_screen()
         if self.cmpltn_menu_visible:
             ly = self.lxy[1]
             screen[ly:ly] = self.cmpltn_menu
diff --git a/Lib/_pyrepl/console.py b/Lib/_pyrepl/console.py
index a8d3f520340dcf..03266c4dfc2dd8 100644
--- a/Lib/_pyrepl/console.py
+++ b/Lib/_pyrepl/console.py
@@ -161,17 +161,28 @@ def __init__(
         super().__init__(locals=locals, filename=filename, local_exit=local_exit)  # type: ignore[call-arg]
         self.can_colorize = _colorize.can_colorize()
 
-    def showsyntaxerror(self, filename=None):
-        super().showsyntaxerror(colorize=self.can_colorize)
+    def showsyntaxerror(self, filename=None, **kwargs):
+        super().showsyntaxerror(filename=filename, **kwargs)
 
-    def showtraceback(self):
-        super().showtraceback(colorize=self.can_colorize)
+    def _excepthook(self, typ, value, tb):
+        import traceback
+        lines = traceback.format_exception(
+                typ, value, tb,
+                colorize=self.can_colorize,
+                limit=traceback.BUILTIN_EXCEPTION_LIMIT)
+        self.write(''.join(lines))
 
     def runsource(self, source, filename="<input>", symbol="single"):
         try:
-            tree = ast.parse(source)
+            tree = self.compile.compiler(
+                source,
+                filename,
+                "exec",
+                ast.PyCF_ONLY_AST,
+                incomplete_input=False,
+            )
         except (SyntaxError, OverflowError, ValueError):
-            self.showsyntaxerror(filename)
+            self.showsyntaxerror(filename, source=source)
             return False
         if tree.body:
             *_, last_stmt = tree.body
@@ -180,7 +191,7 @@ def runsource(self, source, filename="<input>", symbol="single"):
             the_symbol = symbol if stmt is last_stmt else "exec"
             item = wrapper([stmt])
             try:
-                code = self.compile.compiler(item, filename, the_symbol, dont_inherit=True)
+                code = self.compile.compiler(item, filename, the_symbol)
             except SyntaxError as e:
                 if e.args[0] == "'await' outside function":
                     python = os.path.basename(sys.executable)
@@ -188,10 +199,10 @@ def runsource(self, source, filename="<input>", symbol="single"):
                         f"Try the asyncio REPL ({python} -m asyncio) to use"
                         f" top-level 'await' and run background asyncio tasks."
                     )
-                self.showsyntaxerror(filename)
+                self.showsyntaxerror(filename, source=source)
                 return False
             except (OverflowError, ValueError):
-                self.showsyntaxerror(filename)
+                self.showsyntaxerror(filename, source=source)
                 return False
 
             if code is None:
diff --git a/Lib/_pyrepl/historical_reader.py b/Lib/_pyrepl/historical_reader.py
index 121de33da5052f..5d416f336ad5d2 100644
--- a/Lib/_pyrepl/historical_reader.py
+++ b/Lib/_pyrepl/historical_reader.py
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 
 
 if False:
-    from .types import Callback, SimpleContextManager, KeySpec, CommandName
+    from .types import SimpleContextManager, KeySpec, CommandName
 
 
 isearch_keymap: tuple[tuple[KeySpec, CommandName], ...] = tuple(
@@ -71,6 +71,18 @@ def do(self) -> None:
         r.select_item(r.historyi - 1)
 
 
+class history_search_backward(commands.Command):
+    def do(self) -> None:
+        r = self.reader
+        r.search_next(forwards=False)
+
+
+class history_search_forward(commands.Command):
+    def do(self) -> None:
+        r = self.reader
+        r.search_next(forwards=True)
+
+
 class restore_history(commands.Command):
     def do(self) -> None:
         r = self.reader
@@ -234,6 +246,8 @@ def __post_init__(self) -> None:
             isearch_forwards,
             isearch_backwards,
             operate_and_get_next,
+            history_search_backward,
+            history_search_forward,
         ]:
             self.commands[c.__name__] = c
             self.commands[c.__name__.replace("_", "-")] = c
@@ -251,8 +265,10 @@ def collect_keymap(self) -> tuple[tuple[KeySpec, CommandName], ...]:
             (r"\C-s", "forward-history-isearch"),
             (r"\M-r", "restore-history"),
             (r"\M-.", "yank-arg"),
-            (r"\<page down>", "last-history"),
-            (r"\<page up>", "first-history"),
+            (r"\<page down>", "history-search-forward"),
+            (r"\x1b[6~", "history-search-forward"),
+            (r"\<page up>", "history-search-backward"),
+            (r"\x1b[5~", "history-search-backward"),
         )
 
     def select_item(self, i: int) -> None:
@@ -264,6 +280,7 @@ def select_item(self, i: int) -> None:
         self.historyi = i
         self.pos = len(self.buffer)
         self.dirty = True
+        self.last_refresh_cache.invalidated = True
 
     def get_item(self, i: int) -> str:
         if i != len(self.history):
@@ -304,6 +321,59 @@ def get_prompt(self, lineno: int, cursor_on_line: bool) -> str:
         else:
             return super().get_prompt(lineno, cursor_on_line)
 
+    def search_next(self, *, forwards: bool) -> None:
+        """Search history for the current line contents up to the cursor.
+
+        Selects the first item found. If nothing is under the cursor, any next
+        item in history is selected.
+        """
+        pos = self.pos
+        s = self.get_unicode()
+        history_index = self.historyi
+
+        # In multiline contexts, we're only interested in the current line.
+        nl_index = s.rfind('\n', 0, pos)
+        prefix = s[nl_index + 1:pos]
+        pos = len(prefix)
+
+        match_prefix = len(prefix)
+        len_item = 0
+        if history_index < len(self.history):
+            len_item = len(self.get_item(history_index))
+        if len_item and pos == len_item:
+            match_prefix = False
+        elif not pos:
+            match_prefix = False
+
+        while 1:
+            if forwards:
+                out_of_bounds = history_index >= len(self.history) - 1
+            else:
+                out_of_bounds = history_index == 0
+            if out_of_bounds:
+                if forwards and not match_prefix:
+                    self.pos = 0
+                    self.buffer = []
+                    self.dirty = True
+                else:
+                    self.error("not found")
+                return
+
+            history_index += 1 if forwards else -1
+            s = self.get_item(history_index)
+
+            if not match_prefix:
+                self.select_item(history_index)
+                return
+
+            len_acc = 0
+            for i, line in enumerate(s.splitlines(keepends=True)):
+                if line.startswith(prefix):
+                    self.select_item(history_index)
+                    self.pos = pos + len_acc
+                    return
+                len_acc += len(line)
+
     def isearch_next(self) -> None:
         st = self.isearch_term
         p = self.pos
diff --git a/Lib/_pyrepl/main.py b/Lib/_pyrepl/main.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..a6f824dcc4ad14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/_pyrepl/main.py
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+import errno
+import os
+import sys
+
+
+CAN_USE_PYREPL: bool
+FAIL_REASON: str
+try:
+    if sys.platform == "win32" and sys.getwindowsversion().build < 10586:
+        raise RuntimeError("Windows 10 TH2 or later required")
+    if not os.isatty(sys.stdin.fileno()):
+        raise OSError(errno.ENOTTY, "tty required", "stdin")
+    from .simple_interact import check
+    if err := check():
+        raise RuntimeError(err)
+except Exception as e:
+    CAN_USE_PYREPL = False
+    FAIL_REASON = f"warning: can't use pyrepl: {e}"
+else:
+    CAN_USE_PYREPL = True
+    FAIL_REASON = ""
+
+
+def interactive_console(mainmodule=None, quiet=False, pythonstartup=False):
+    if not CAN_USE_PYREPL:
+        if not os.getenv('PYTHON_BASIC_REPL') and FAIL_REASON:
+            from .trace import trace
+            trace(FAIL_REASON)
+            print(FAIL_REASON, file=sys.stderr)
+        return sys._baserepl()
+
+    if mainmodule:
+        namespace = mainmodule.__dict__
+    else:
+        import __main__
+        namespace = __main__.__dict__
+        namespace.pop("__pyrepl_interactive_console", None)
+
+    # sys._baserepl() above does this internally, we do it here
+    startup_path = os.getenv("PYTHONSTARTUP")
+    if pythonstartup and startup_path:
+        sys.audit("cpython.run_startup", startup_path)
+
+        import tokenize
+        with tokenize.open(startup_path) as f:
+            startup_code = compile(f.read(), startup_path, "exec")
+            exec(startup_code, namespace)
+
+    # set sys.{ps1,ps2} just before invoking the interactive interpreter. This
+    # mimics what CPython does in pythonrun.c
+    if not hasattr(sys, "ps1"):
+        sys.ps1 = ">>> "
+    if not hasattr(sys, "ps2"):
+        sys.ps2 = "... "
+
+    from .console import InteractiveColoredConsole
+    from .simple_interact import run_multiline_interactive_console
+    console = InteractiveColoredConsole(namespace, filename="<stdin>")
+    run_multiline_interactive_console(console)
diff --git a/Lib/_pyrepl/pager.py b/Lib/_pyrepl/pager.py
index 1ac733ed3573a4..1fddc63e3ee3ad 100644
--- a/Lib/_pyrepl/pager.py
+++ b/Lib/_pyrepl/pager.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 
 # types
 if False:
-    from typing import Protocol, Any
+    from typing import Protocol
     class Pager(Protocol):
         def __call__(self, text: str, title: str = "") -> None:
             ...
@@ -36,6 +36,8 @@ def get_pager() -> Pager:
         return plain_pager
     if sys.platform == 'win32':
         return lambda text, title='': tempfile_pager(plain(text), 'more <')
+    if hasattr(os, 'system') and os.system('(pager) 2>/dev/null') == 0:
+        return lambda text, title='': pipe_pager(text, 'pager', title)
     if hasattr(os, 'system') and os.system('(less) 2>/dev/null') == 0:
         return lambda text, title='': pipe_pager(text, 'less', title)
 
diff --git a/Lib/_pyrepl/reader.py b/Lib/_pyrepl/reader.py
index beee7764e0eb84..4b0700d069c621 100644
--- a/Lib/_pyrepl/reader.py
+++ b/Lib/_pyrepl/reader.py
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import sys
+
 from contextlib import contextmanager
 from dataclasses import dataclass, field, fields
 import unicodedata
@@ -34,16 +36,13 @@
 
 # types
 Command = commands.Command
-if False:
-    from typing import Callable
-    from .types import Callback, SimpleContextManager, KeySpec, CommandName
-    CalcScreen = Callable[[], list[str]]
+from .types import Callback, SimpleContextManager, KeySpec, CommandName
 
 
 def disp_str(buffer: str) -> tuple[str, list[int]]:
     """disp_str(buffer:string) -> (string, [int])
 
-    Return the string that should be the printed represenation of
+    Return the string that should be the printed representation of
     |buffer| and a list detailing where the characters of |buffer|
     get used up.  E.g.:
 
@@ -54,11 +53,19 @@ def disp_str(buffer: str) -> tuple[str, list[int]]:
     b: list[int] = []
     s: list[str] = []
     for c in buffer:
-        if ord(c) > 128 and unicodedata.category(c).startswith("C"):
+        if c == '\x1a':
+            s.append(c)
+            b.append(2)
+        elif ord(c) < 128:
+            s.append(c)
+            b.append(1)
+        elif unicodedata.category(c).startswith("C"):
             c = r"\u%04x" % ord(c)
-        s.append(c)
-        b.append(wlen(c))
-        b.extend([0] * (len(c) - 1))
+            s.append(c)
+            b.extend([0] * (len(c) - 1))
+        else:
+            s.append(c)
+            b.append(str_width(c))
     return "".join(s), b
 
 
@@ -107,7 +114,7 @@ def make_default_commands() -> dict[CommandName, type[Command]]:
         (r"\C-w", "unix-word-rubout"),
         (r"\C-x\C-u", "upcase-region"),
         (r"\C-y", "yank"),
-        (r"\C-z", "suspend"),
+        *(() if sys.platform == "win32" else ((r"\C-z", "suspend"), )),
         (r"\M-b", "backward-word"),
         (r"\M-c", "capitalize-word"),
         (r"\M-d", "kill-word"),
@@ -127,7 +134,7 @@ def make_default_commands() -> dict[CommandName, type[Command]]:
         (r"\M-7", "digit-arg"),
         (r"\M-8", "digit-arg"),
         (r"\M-9", "digit-arg"),
-        # (r'\M-\n', 'insert-nl'),
+        (r"\M-\n", "accept"),
         ("\\\\", "self-insert"),
         (r"\x1b[200~", "enable_bracketed_paste"),
         (r"\x1b[201~", "disable_bracketed_paste"),
@@ -143,6 +150,7 @@ def make_default_commands() -> dict[CommandName, type[Command]]:
         (r"\<right>", "right"),
         (r"\C-\<right>", "forward-word"),
         (r"\<delete>", "delete"),
+        (r"\x1b[3~", "delete"),
         (r"\<backspace>", "backspace"),
         (r"\M-\<backspace>", "backward-kill-word"),
         (r"\<end>", "end-of-line"),  # was 'end'
@@ -230,7 +238,6 @@ class Reader:
     commands: dict[str, type[Command]] = field(default_factory=make_default_commands)
     last_command: type[Command] | None = None
     syntax_table: dict[str, int] = field(default_factory=make_default_syntax_table)
-    msg_at_bottom: bool = True
     keymap: tuple[tuple[str, str], ...] = ()
     input_trans: input.KeymapTranslator = field(init=False)
     input_trans_stack: list[input.KeymapTranslator] = field(default_factory=list)
@@ -238,8 +245,59 @@ class Reader:
     screeninfo: list[tuple[int, list[int]]] = field(init=False)
     cxy: tuple[int, int] = field(init=False)
     lxy: tuple[int, int] = field(init=False)
-    calc_screen: CalcScreen = field(init=False)
     scheduled_commands: list[str] = field(default_factory=list)
+    can_colorize: bool = False
+    threading_hook: Callback | None = None
+
+    ## cached metadata to speed up screen refreshes
+    @dataclass
+    class RefreshCache:
+        in_bracketed_paste: bool = False
+        screen: list[str] = field(default_factory=list)
+        screeninfo: list[tuple[int, list[int]]] = field(init=False)
+        line_end_offsets: list[int] = field(default_factory=list)
+        pos: int = field(init=False)
+        cxy: tuple[int, int] = field(init=False)
+        dimensions: tuple[int, int] = field(init=False)
+        invalidated: bool = False
+
+        def update_cache(self,
+                         reader: Reader,
+                         screen: list[str],
+                         screeninfo: list[tuple[int, list[int]]],
+            ) -> None:
+            self.in_bracketed_paste = reader.in_bracketed_paste
+            self.screen = screen.copy()
+            self.screeninfo = screeninfo.copy()
+            self.pos = reader.pos
+            self.cxy = reader.cxy
+            self.dimensions = reader.console.width, reader.console.height
+            self.invalidated = False
+
+        def valid(self, reader: Reader) -> bool:
+            if self.invalidated:
+                return False
+            dimensions = reader.console.width, reader.console.height
+            dimensions_changed = dimensions != self.dimensions
+            paste_changed = reader.in_bracketed_paste != self.in_bracketed_paste
+            return not (dimensions_changed or paste_changed)
+
+        def get_cached_location(self, reader: Reader) -> tuple[int, int]:
+            if self.invalidated:
+                raise ValueError("Cache is invalidated")
+            offset = 0
+            earliest_common_pos = min(reader.pos, self.pos)
+            num_common_lines = len(self.line_end_offsets)
+            while num_common_lines > 0:
+                offset = self.line_end_offsets[num_common_lines - 1]
+                if earliest_common_pos > offset:
+                    break
+                num_common_lines -= 1
+            else:
+                offset = 0
+            return offset, num_common_lines
+
+    last_refresh_cache: RefreshCache = field(default_factory=RefreshCache)
 
     def __post_init__(self) -> None:
         # Enable the use of `insert` without a `prepare` call - necessary to
@@ -252,53 +310,68 @@ def __post_init__(self) -> None:
         self.screeninfo = [(0, [])]
         self.cxy = self.pos2xy()
         self.lxy = (self.pos, 0)
-        self.calc_screen = self.calc_complete_screen
+        self.can_colorize = can_colorize()
+
+        self.last_refresh_cache.screeninfo = self.screeninfo
+        self.last_refresh_cache.pos = self.pos
+        self.last_refresh_cache.cxy = self.cxy
+        self.last_refresh_cache.dimensions = (0, 0)
 
     def collect_keymap(self) -> tuple[tuple[KeySpec, CommandName], ...]:
         return default_keymap
 
-    def append_to_screen(self) -> list[str]:
-        new_screen = self.screen.copy() or ['']
+    def calc_screen(self) -> list[str]:
+        """Translate changes in self.buffer into changes in self.console.screen."""
+        # Since the last call to calc_screen:
+        # screen and screeninfo may differ due to a completion menu being shown
+        # pos and cxy may differ due to edits, cursor movements, or completion menus
 
-        new_character = self.buffer[-1]
-        new_character_len = wlen(new_character)
+        # Lines that are above both the old and new cursor position can't have changed,
+        # unless the terminal has been resized (which might cause reflowing) or we've
+        # entered or left paste mode (which changes prompts, causing reflowing).
+        num_common_lines = 0
+        offset = 0
+        if self.last_refresh_cache.valid(self):
+            offset, num_common_lines = self.last_refresh_cache.get_cached_location(self)
 
-        last_line_len = wlen(new_screen[-1])
-        if last_line_len + new_character_len >= self.console.width:  # We need to wrap here
-            new_screen[-1] += '\\'
-            self.screeninfo[-1][1].append(1)
-            new_screen.append(self.buffer[-1])
-            self.screeninfo.append((0, [new_character_len]))
-        else:
-            new_screen[-1] += self.buffer[-1]
-            self.screeninfo[-1][1].append(new_character_len)
-        self.cxy = self.pos2xy()
+        screen = self.last_refresh_cache.screen
+        del screen[num_common_lines:]
 
-        # Reset the function that is used for completing the screen
-        self.calc_screen = self.calc_complete_screen
-        return new_screen
+        screeninfo = self.last_refresh_cache.screeninfo
+        del screeninfo[num_common_lines:]
+
+        last_refresh_line_end_offsets = self.last_refresh_cache.line_end_offsets
+        del last_refresh_line_end_offsets[num_common_lines:]
 
-    def calc_complete_screen(self) -> list[str]:
-        """The purpose of this method is to translate changes in
-        self.buffer into changes in self.screen.  Currently it rips
-        everything down and starts from scratch, which whilst not
-        especially efficient is certainly simple(r).
-        """
-        lines = self.get_unicode().split("\n")
-        screen: list[str] = []
-        screeninfo: list[tuple[int, list[int]]] = []
         pos = self.pos
-        for ln, line in enumerate(lines):
+        pos -= offset
+
+        prompt_from_cache = (offset and self.buffer[offset - 1] != "\n")
+
+        lines = "".join(self.buffer[offset:]).split("\n")
+
+        cursor_found = False
+        lines_beyond_cursor = 0
+        for ln, line in enumerate(lines, num_common_lines):
             ll = len(line)
             if 0 <= pos <= ll:
-                if self.msg and not self.msg_at_bottom:
-                    for mline in self.msg.split("\n"):
-                        screen.append(mline)
-                        screeninfo.append((0, []))
                 self.lxy = pos, ln
-            prompt = self.get_prompt(ln, ll >= pos >= 0)
+                cursor_found = True
+            elif cursor_found:
+                lines_beyond_cursor += 1
+                if lines_beyond_cursor > self.console.height:
+                    # No need to keep formatting lines.
+                    # The console can't show them.
+                    break
+            if prompt_from_cache:
+                # Only the first line's prompt can come from the cache
+                prompt_from_cache = False
+                prompt = ""
+            else:
+                prompt = self.get_prompt(ln, ll >= pos >= 0)
             while "\n" in prompt:
                 pre_prompt, _, prompt = prompt.partition("\n")
+                last_refresh_line_end_offsets.append(offset)
                 screen.append(pre_prompt)
                 screeninfo.append((0, []))
             pos -= ll + 1
@@ -306,6 +379,8 @@ def calc_complete_screen(self) -> list[str]:
             l, l2 = disp_str(line)
             wrapcount = (wlen(l) + lp) // self.console.width
             if wrapcount == 0:
+                offset += ll + 1  # Takes all of the line plus the newline
+                last_refresh_line_end_offsets.append(offset)
                 screen.append(prompt + l)
                 screeninfo.append((lp, l2))
             else:
@@ -321,11 +396,14 @@ def calc_complete_screen(self) -> list[str]:
                         column += character_width
                     pre = prompt if i == 0 else ""
                     if len(l) > index_to_wrap_before:
+                        offset += index_to_wrap_before
                         post = "\\"
                         after = [1]
                     else:
+                        offset += index_to_wrap_before + 1  # Takes the newline
                         post = ""
                         after = []
+                    last_refresh_line_end_offsets.append(offset)
                     screen.append(pre + l[:index_to_wrap_before] + post)
                     screeninfo.append((prelen, l2[:index_to_wrap_before] + after))
                     l = l[index_to_wrap_before:]
@@ -333,10 +411,12 @@ def calc_complete_screen(self) -> list[str]:
                     i += 1
         self.screeninfo = screeninfo
         self.cxy = self.pos2xy()
-        if self.msg and self.msg_at_bottom:
+        if self.msg:
             for mline in self.msg.split("\n"):
                 screen.append(mline)
                 screeninfo.append((0, []))
+
+        self.last_refresh_cache.update_cache(self, screen, screeninfo)
         return screen
 
     @staticmethod
@@ -456,7 +536,7 @@ def get_prompt(self, lineno: int, cursor_on_line: bool) -> str:
         'lineno'."""
         if self.arg is not None and cursor_on_line:
             prompt = f"(arg: {self.arg}) "
-        elif self.paste_mode:
+        elif self.paste_mode and not self.in_bracketed_paste:
             prompt = "(paste) "
         elif "\n" in self.buffer:
             if lineno == 0:
@@ -468,7 +548,7 @@ def get_prompt(self, lineno: int, cursor_on_line: bool) -> str:
         else:
             prompt = self.ps1
 
-        if can_colorize():
+        if self.can_colorize:
             prompt = f"{ANSIColors.BOLD_MAGENTA}{prompt}{ANSIColors.RESET}"
         return prompt
 
@@ -604,6 +684,9 @@ def update_screen(self) -> None:
 
     def refresh(self) -> None:
         """Recalculate and refresh the screen."""
+        if self.in_bracketed_paste and self.buffer and not self.buffer[-1] == "\n":
+            return
+
         # this call sets up self.cxy, so call it first.
         self.screen = self.calc_screen()
         self.console.refresh(self.screen, self.cxy)
@@ -627,7 +710,7 @@ def do_cmd(self, cmd: tuple[str, list[str]]) -> None:
 
         self.after_command(command)
 
-        if self.dirty and not self.in_bracketed_paste:
+        if self.dirty:
             self.refresh()
         else:
             self.update_cursor()
@@ -640,6 +723,24 @@ def do_cmd(self, cmd: tuple[str, list[str]]) -> None:
             self.console.finish()
             self.finish()
 
+    def run_hooks(self) -> None:
+        threading_hook = self.threading_hook
+        if threading_hook is None and 'threading' in sys.modules:
+            from ._threading_handler import install_threading_hook
+            install_threading_hook(self)
+        if threading_hook is not None:
+            try:
+                threading_hook()
+            except Exception:
+                pass
+
+        input_hook = self.console.input_hook
+        if input_hook:
+            try:
+                input_hook()
+            except Exception:
+                pass
+
     def handle1(self, block: bool = True) -> bool:
         """Handle a single event.  Wait as long as it takes if block
         is true (the default), otherwise return False if no event is
@@ -650,16 +751,13 @@ def handle1(self, block: bool = True) -> bool:
             self.dirty = True
 
         while True:
-            input_hook = self.console.input_hook
-            if input_hook:
-                input_hook()
-                # We use the same timeout as in readline.c: 100ms
-                while not self.console.wait(100):
-                    input_hook()
-                event = self.console.get_event(block=False)
-            else:
-                event = self.console.get_event(block)
-            if not event:  # can only happen if we're not blocking
+            # We use the same timeout as in readline.c: 100ms
+            self.run_hooks()
+            self.console.wait(100)
+            event = self.console.get_event(block=False)
+            if not event:
+                if block:
+                    continue
                 return False
 
             translate = True
@@ -681,8 +779,7 @@ def handle1(self, block: bool = True) -> bool:
             if cmd is None:
                 if block:
                     continue
-                else:
-                    return False
+                return False
 
             self.do_cmd(cmd)
             return True
diff --git a/Lib/_pyrepl/readline.py b/Lib/_pyrepl/readline.py
index 7d811bf41773fe..5e1d3085874380 100644
--- a/Lib/_pyrepl/readline.py
+++ b/Lib/_pyrepl/readline.py
@@ -55,6 +55,11 @@
 from collections.abc import Callable, Collection
 from .types import Callback, Completer, KeySpec, CommandName
 
+TYPE_CHECKING = False
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from typing import Any, Mapping
+
 
 MoreLinesCallable = Callable[[str], bool]
 
@@ -92,7 +97,7 @@
 
 @dataclass
 class ReadlineConfig:
-    readline_completer: Completer | None = RLCompleter().complete
+    readline_completer: Completer | None = None
     completer_delims: frozenset[str] = frozenset(" \t\n`~!@#$%^&*()-=+[{]}\\|;:'\",<>/?")
 
 
@@ -244,7 +249,7 @@ def _should_auto_indent(buffer: list[str], pos: int) -> bool:
     while pos > 0:
         pos -= 1
         if last_char is None:
-            if buffer[pos] not in " \t\n":  # ignore whitespaces
+            if buffer[pos] not in " \t\n#":  # ignore whitespaces and comments
                 last_char = buffer[pos]
         else:
             # even if we found a non-whitespace character before
@@ -263,6 +268,10 @@ def do(self) -> None:
         r = self.reader  # type: ignore[assignment]
         r.dirty = True  # this is needed to hide the completion menu, if visible
 
+        if self.reader.in_bracketed_paste:
+            r.insert("\n")
+            return
+
         # if there are already several lines and the cursor
         # is not on the last one, always insert a new \n.
         text = r.get_unicode()
@@ -333,10 +342,10 @@ def do(self) -> None:
 class _ReadlineWrapper:
     f_in: int = -1
     f_out: int = -1
-    reader: ReadlineAlikeReader | None = None
+    reader: ReadlineAlikeReader | None = field(default=None, repr=False)
     saved_history_length: int = -1
     startup_hook: Callback | None = None
-    config: ReadlineConfig = field(default_factory=ReadlineConfig)
+    config: ReadlineConfig = field(default_factory=ReadlineConfig, repr=False)
 
     def __post_init__(self) -> None:
         if self.f_in == -1:
@@ -356,8 +365,12 @@ def input(self, prompt: object = "") -> str:
         except _error:
             assert raw_input is not None
             return raw_input(prompt)
-        reader.ps1 = str(prompt)
-        return reader.readline(startup_hook=self.startup_hook)
+        prompt_str = str(prompt)
+        reader.ps1 = prompt_str
+        sys.audit("builtins.input", prompt_str)
+        result = reader.readline(startup_hook=self.startup_hook)
+        sys.audit("builtins.input/result", result)
+        return result
 
     def multiline_input(self, more_lines: MoreLinesCallable, ps1: str, ps2: str) -> str:
         """Read an input on possibly multiple lines, asking for more
@@ -414,18 +427,22 @@ def read_history_file(self, filename: str = gethistoryfile()) -> None:
         history = self.get_reader().history
 
         with open(os.path.expanduser(filename), 'rb') as f:
-            lines = [line.decode('utf-8', errors='replace') for line in f.read().split(b'\n')]
+            is_editline = f.readline().startswith(b"_HiStOrY_V2_")
+            if is_editline:
+                encoding = "unicode-escape"
+            else:
+                f.seek(0)
+                encoding = "utf-8"
+
+            lines = [line.decode(encoding, errors='replace') for line in f.read().split(b'\n')]
             buffer = []
             for line in lines:
-                # Ignore readline history file header
-                if line.startswith("_HiStOrY_V2_"):
-                    continue
                 if line.endswith("\r"):
                     buffer.append(line+'\n')
                 else:
                     line = self._histline(line)
                     if buffer:
-                        line = "".join(buffer).replace("\r", "") + line
+                        line = self._histline("".join(buffer).replace("\r", "") + line)
                         del buffer[:]
                     if line:
                         history.append(line)
@@ -470,15 +487,14 @@ def add_history(self, line: str) -> None:
     def set_startup_hook(self, function: Callback | None = None) -> None:
         self.startup_hook = function
 
-    def get_line_buffer(self) -> bytes:
-        buf_str = self.get_reader().get_unicode()
-        return buf_str.encode(ENCODING)
+    def get_line_buffer(self) -> str:
+        return self.get_reader().get_unicode()
 
     def _get_idxs(self) -> tuple[int, int]:
         start = cursor = self.get_reader().pos
         buf = self.get_line_buffer()
         for i in range(cursor - 1, -1, -1):
-            if str(buf[i]) in self.get_completer_delims():
+            if buf[i] in self.get_completer_delims():
                 break
             start = i
         return start, cursor
@@ -550,7 +566,7 @@ def stub(*args: object, **kwds: object) -> None:
 # ____________________________________________________________
 
 
-def _setup() -> None:
+def _setup(namespace: Mapping[str, Any]) -> None:
     global raw_input
     if raw_input is not None:
         return  # don't run _setup twice
@@ -566,9 +582,13 @@ def _setup() -> None:
     _wrapper.f_in = f_in
     _wrapper.f_out = f_out
 
+    # set up namespace in rlcompleter, which requires it to be a bona fide dict
+    if not isinstance(namespace, dict):
+        namespace = dict(namespace)
+    _wrapper.config.readline_completer = RLCompleter(namespace).complete
+
     # this is not really what readline.c does.  Better than nothing I guess
     import builtins
-
     raw_input = builtins.input
     builtins.input = _wrapper.input
 
diff --git a/Lib/_pyrepl/simple_interact.py b/Lib/_pyrepl/simple_interact.py
index 2e5698eb131684..342a4b58bfd0f3 100644
--- a/Lib/_pyrepl/simple_interact.py
+++ b/Lib/_pyrepl/simple_interact.py
@@ -27,13 +27,19 @@
 
 import _sitebuiltins
 import linecache
+import functools
+import os
 import sys
 import code
-from types import ModuleType
 
-from .console import InteractiveColoredConsole
 from .readline import _get_reader, multiline_input
 
+TYPE_CHECKING = False
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from typing import Any
+
+
 _error: tuple[type[Exception], ...] | type[Exception]
 try:
     from .unix_console import _error
@@ -45,7 +51,9 @@ def check() -> str:
     try:
         _get_reader()
     except _error as e:
-        return str(e) or repr(e) or "unknown error"
+        if term := os.environ.get("TERM", ""):
+            term = f"; TERM={term}"
+        return str(str(e) or repr(e) or "unknown error") + term
     return ""
 
 
@@ -71,26 +79,40 @@ def _clear_screen():
     "copyright": _sitebuiltins._Printer('copyright', sys.copyright),
     "help": "help",
     "clear": _clear_screen,
+    "\x1a": _sitebuiltins.Quitter('\x1a', ''),
 }
 
 
+def _more_lines(console: code.InteractiveConsole, unicodetext: str) -> bool:
+    # ooh, look at the hack:
+    src = _strip_final_indent(unicodetext)
+    try:
+        code = console.compile(src, "<stdin>", "single")
+    except (OverflowError, SyntaxError, ValueError):
+        lines = src.splitlines(keepends=True)
+        if len(lines) == 1:
+            return False
+
+        last_line = lines[-1]
+        was_indented = last_line.startswith((" ", "\t"))
+        not_empty = last_line.strip() != ""
+        incomplete = not last_line.endswith("\n")
+        return (was_indented or not_empty) and incomplete
+    else:
+        return code is None
+
+
 def run_multiline_interactive_console(
-    mainmodule: ModuleType | None = None,
+    console: code.InteractiveConsole,
+    *,
     future_flags: int = 0,
-    console: code.InteractiveConsole | None = None,
 ) -> None:
-    import __main__
     from .readline import _setup
-    _setup()
-
-    mainmodule = mainmodule or __main__
-    if console is None:
-        console = InteractiveColoredConsole(
-            mainmodule.__dict__, filename="<stdin>"
-        )
+    _setup(console.locals)
     if future_flags:
         console.compile.compiler.flags |= future_flags
 
+    more_lines = functools.partial(_more_lines, console)
     input_n = 0
 
     def maybe_run_command(statement: str) -> bool:
@@ -116,16 +138,6 @@ def maybe_run_command(statement: str) -> bool:
 
         return False
 
-    def more_lines(unicodetext: str) -> bool:
-        # ooh, look at the hack:
-        src = _strip_final_indent(unicodetext)
-        try:
-            code = console.compile(src, "<stdin>", "single")
-        except (OverflowError, SyntaxError, ValueError):
-            return False
-        else:
-            return code is None
-
     while 1:
         try:
             try:
@@ -149,7 +161,14 @@ def more_lines(unicodetext: str) -> bool:
             assert not more
             input_n += 1
         except KeyboardInterrupt:
-            console.write("KeyboardInterrupt\n")
+            r = _get_reader()
+            if r.input_trans is r.isearch_trans:
+                r.do_cmd(("isearch-end", [""]))
+            r.pos = len(r.get_unicode())
+            r.dirty = True
+            r.refresh()
+            r.in_bracketed_paste = False
+            console.write("\nKeyboardInterrupt\n")
             console.resetbuffer()
         except MemoryError:
             console.write("\nMemoryError\n")
diff --git a/Lib/_pyrepl/unix_console.py b/Lib/_pyrepl/unix_console.py
index 2f73a59dd1fced..2576b938a34c64 100644
--- a/Lib/_pyrepl/unix_console.py
+++ b/Lib/_pyrepl/unix_console.py
@@ -27,9 +27,9 @@
 import select
 import signal
 import struct
-import sys
 import termios
 import time
+import platform
 from fcntl import ioctl
 
 from . import curses
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ def add_baudrate_if_supported(dictionary: dict[int, int], rate: int) -> None:
 try:
     poll: type[select.poll] = select.poll
 except AttributeError:
-    # this is exactly the minumum necessary to support what we
+    # this is exactly the minimum necessary to support what we
     # do with poll objects
     class MinimalPoll:
         def __init__(self):
@@ -150,6 +150,8 @@ def __init__(
 
         self.pollob = poll()
         self.pollob.register(self.input_fd, select.POLLIN)
+        self.input_buffer = b""
+        self.input_buffer_pos = 0
         curses.setupterm(term or None, self.output_fd)
         self.term = term
 
@@ -197,6 +199,24 @@ def _my_getstr(cap: str, optional: bool = False) -> bytes | None:
         self.event_queue = EventQueue(self.input_fd, self.encoding)
         self.cursor_visible = 1
 
+    def more_in_buffer(self) -> bool:
+        return bool(
+            self.input_buffer
+            and self.input_buffer_pos < len(self.input_buffer)
+        )
+
+    def __read(self, n: int) -> bytes:
+        if not self.more_in_buffer():
+            self.input_buffer = os.read(self.input_fd, 10000)
+
+        ret = self.input_buffer[self.input_buffer_pos : self.input_buffer_pos + n]
+        self.input_buffer_pos += len(ret)
+        if self.input_buffer_pos >= len(self.input_buffer):
+            self.input_buffer = b""
+            self.input_buffer_pos = 0
+        return ret
+
+
     def change_encoding(self, encoding: str) -> None:
         """
         Change the encoding used for I/O operations.
@@ -310,17 +330,21 @@ def prepare(self):
         """
         self.__svtermstate = tcgetattr(self.input_fd)
         raw = self.__svtermstate.copy()
-        raw.iflag &= ~(termios.BRKINT | termios.INPCK | termios.ISTRIP | termios.IXON)
+        raw.iflag &= ~(termios.INPCK | termios.ISTRIP | termios.IXON)
         raw.oflag &= ~(termios.OPOST)
         raw.cflag &= ~(termios.CSIZE | termios.PARENB)
         raw.cflag |= termios.CS8
-        raw.lflag &= ~(
-            termios.ICANON | termios.ECHO | termios.IEXTEN | (termios.ISIG * 1)
-        )
+        raw.iflag |= termios.BRKINT
+        raw.lflag &= ~(termios.ICANON | termios.ECHO | termios.IEXTEN)
+        raw.lflag |= termios.ISIG
         raw.cc[termios.VMIN] = 1
         raw.cc[termios.VTIME] = 0
         tcsetattr(self.input_fd, termios.TCSADRAIN, raw)
 
+        # In macOS terminal we need to deactivate line wrap via ANSI escape code
+        if platform.system() == "Darwin" and os.getenv("TERM_PROGRAM") == "Apple_Terminal":
+            os.write(self.output_fd, b"\033[?7l")
+
         self.screen = []
         self.height, self.width = self.getheightwidth()
 
@@ -349,6 +373,9 @@ def restore(self):
         self.flushoutput()
         tcsetattr(self.input_fd, termios.TCSADRAIN, self.__svtermstate)
 
+        if platform.system() == "Darwin" and os.getenv("TERM_PROGRAM") == "Apple_Terminal":
+            os.write(self.output_fd, b"\033[?7h")
+
         if hasattr(self, "old_sigwinch"):
             signal.signal(signal.SIGWINCH, self.old_sigwinch)
             del self.old_sigwinch
@@ -370,10 +397,13 @@ def get_event(self, block: bool = True) -> Event | None:
         Returns:
         - Event: Event object from the event queue.
         """
+        if not block and not self.wait(timeout=0):
+            return None
+
         while self.event_queue.empty():
             while True:
                 try:
-                    self.push_char(os.read(self.input_fd, 1))
+                    self.push_char(self.__read(1))
                 except OSError as err:
                     if err.errno == errno.EINTR:
                         if not self.event_queue.empty():
@@ -384,15 +414,17 @@ def get_event(self, block: bool = True) -> Event | None:
                         raise
                 else:
                     break
-            if not block:
-                break
         return self.event_queue.get()
 
     def wait(self, timeout: float | None = None) -> bool:
         """
         Wait for events on the console.
         """
-        return bool(self.pollob.poll(timeout))
+        return (
+            not self.event_queue.empty()
+            or self.more_in_buffer()
+            or bool(self.pollob.poll(timeout))
+        )
 
     def set_cursor_vis(self, visible):
         """
@@ -491,7 +523,7 @@ def getpending(self):
                 e.raw += e.raw
 
             amount = struct.unpack("i", ioctl(self.input_fd, FIONREAD, b"\0\0\0\0"))[0]
-            raw = os.read(self.input_fd, amount)
+            raw = self.__read(amount)
             data = str(raw, self.encoding, "replace")
             e.data += data
             e.raw += raw
@@ -514,7 +546,7 @@ def getpending(self):
                 e.raw += e.raw
 
             amount = 10000
-            raw = os.read(self.input_fd, amount)
+            raw = self.__read(amount)
             data = str(raw, self.encoding, "replace")
             e.data += data
             e.raw += raw
@@ -600,7 +632,7 @@ def __write_changed_line(self, y, oldline, newline, px_coord):
 
         # reuse the oldline as much as possible, but stop as soon as we
         # encounter an ESCAPE, because it might be the start of an escape
-        # sequene
+        # sequence
         while (
             x_coord < minlen
             and oldline[x_pos] == newline[x_pos]
diff --git a/Lib/_pyrepl/utils.py b/Lib/_pyrepl/utils.py
index 96e917e487d91a..0f36083b6ffa92 100644
--- a/Lib/_pyrepl/utils.py
+++ b/Lib/_pyrepl/utils.py
@@ -16,7 +16,10 @@ def str_width(c: str) -> int:
 
 
 def wlen(s: str) -> int:
+    if len(s) == 1:
+        return str_width(s)
     length = sum(str_width(i) for i in s)
     # remove lengths of any escape sequences
     sequence = ANSI_ESCAPE_SEQUENCE.findall(s)
-    return length - sum(len(i) for i in sequence)
+    ctrl_z_cnt = s.count('\x1a')
+    return length - sum(len(i) for i in sequence) + ctrl_z_cnt
diff --git a/Lib/_pyrepl/windows_console.py b/Lib/_pyrepl/windows_console.py
index f691ca3fbb07b8..d457d2b5a338eb 100644
--- a/Lib/_pyrepl/windows_console.py
+++ b/Lib/_pyrepl/windows_console.py
@@ -20,15 +20,12 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import io
-from multiprocessing import Value
 import os
 import sys
 import time
 import msvcrt
 
-from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
 from collections import deque
-from dataclasses import dataclass, field
 import ctypes
 from ctypes.wintypes import (
     _COORD,
@@ -66,6 +63,7 @@ def __init__(self, err: int | None, descr: str | None = None) -> None:
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from typing import IO
 
+# Virtual-Key Codes: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/inputdev/virtual-key-codes
 VK_MAP: dict[int, str] = {
     0x23: "end",  # VK_END
     0x24: "home",  # VK_HOME
@@ -90,10 +88,10 @@ def __init__(self, err: int | None, descr: str | None = None) -> None:
     0x7D: "f14",  # VK_F14
     0x7E: "f15",  # VK_F15
     0x7F: "f16",  # VK_F16
-    0x79: "f17",  # VK_F17
-    0x80: "f18",  # VK_F18
-    0x81: "f19",  # VK_F19
-    0x82: "f20",  # VK_F20
+    0x80: "f17",  # VK_F17
+    0x81: "f18",  # VK_F18
+    0x82: "f19",  # VK_F19
+    0x83: "f20",  # VK_F20
 }
 
 # Console escape codes: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/console/console-virtual-terminal-sequences
@@ -234,7 +232,7 @@ def __write_changed_line(
 
         # reuse the oldline as much as possible, but stop as soon as we
         # encounter an ESCAPE, because it might be the start of an escape
-        # sequene
+        # sequence
         while (
             x_coord < minlen
             and oldline[x_pos] == newline[x_pos]
@@ -256,7 +254,7 @@ def __write_changed_line(
         else:
             self.__posxy = wlen(newline), y
 
-            if "\x1b" in newline or y != self.__posxy[1]:
+            if "\x1b" in newline or y != self.__posxy[1] or '\x1a' in newline:
                 # ANSI escape characters are present, so we can't assume
                 # anything about the position of the cursor.  Moving the cursor
                 # to the left margin should work to get to a known position.
@@ -294,6 +292,9 @@ def _disable_blinking(self):
         self.__write("\x1b[?12l")
 
     def __write(self, text: str) -> None:
+        if "\x1a" in text:
+            text = ''.join(["^Z" if x == '\x1a' else x for x in text])
+
         if self.out is not None:
             self.out.write(text.encode(self.encoding, "replace"))
             self.out.flush()
@@ -370,15 +371,19 @@ def _getscrollbacksize(self) -> int:
 
         return info.srWindow.Bottom  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
 
-    def _read_input(self) -> INPUT_RECORD | None:
+    def _read_input(self, block: bool = True) -> INPUT_RECORD | None:
+        if not block:
+            events = DWORD()
+            if not GetNumberOfConsoleInputEvents(InHandle, events):
+                raise WinError(GetLastError())
+            if not events.value:
+                return None
+
         rec = INPUT_RECORD()
         read = DWORD()
         if not ReadConsoleInput(InHandle, rec, 1, read):
             raise WinError(GetLastError())
 
-        if read.value == 0:
-            return None
-
         return rec
 
     def get_event(self, block: bool = True) -> Event | None:
@@ -389,10 +394,8 @@ def get_event(self, block: bool = True) -> Event | None:
             return self.event_queue.pop()
 
         while True:
-            rec = self._read_input()
+            rec = self._read_input(block)
             if rec is None:
-                if block:
-                    continue
                 return None
 
             if rec.EventType == WINDOW_BUFFER_SIZE_EVENT:
@@ -463,8 +466,8 @@ def flushoutput(self) -> None:
 
     def forgetinput(self) -> None:
         """Forget all pending, but not yet processed input."""
-        while self._read_input() is not None:
-            pass
+        if not FlushConsoleInputBuffer(InHandle):
+            raise WinError(GetLastError())
 
     def getpending(self) -> Event:
         """Return the characters that have been typed but not yet
@@ -478,7 +481,7 @@ def wait(self, timeout: float | None) -> bool:
         while True:
             if msvcrt.kbhit(): # type: ignore[attr-defined]
                 return True
-            if timeout and time.time() - start_time > timeout:
+            if timeout and time.time() - start_time > timeout / 1000:
                 return False
             time.sleep(0.01)
 
@@ -589,6 +592,14 @@ class INPUT_RECORD(Structure):
     ReadConsoleInput.argtypes = [HANDLE, POINTER(INPUT_RECORD), DWORD, POINTER(DWORD)]
     ReadConsoleInput.restype = BOOL
 
+    GetNumberOfConsoleInputEvents = _KERNEL32.GetNumberOfConsoleInputEvents
+    GetNumberOfConsoleInputEvents.argtypes = [HANDLE, POINTER(DWORD)]
+    GetNumberOfConsoleInputEvents.restype = BOOL
+
+    FlushConsoleInputBuffer = _KERNEL32.FlushConsoleInputBuffer
+    FlushConsoleInputBuffer.argtypes = [HANDLE]
+    FlushConsoleInputBuffer.restype = BOOL
+
     OutHandle = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE)
     InHandle = GetStdHandle(STD_INPUT_HANDLE)
 else:
@@ -601,5 +612,7 @@ def _win_only(*args, **kwargs):
     ScrollConsoleScreenBuffer = _win_only
     SetConsoleMode = _win_only
     ReadConsoleInput = _win_only
+    GetNumberOfConsoleInputEvents = _win_only
+    FlushConsoleInputBuffer = _win_only
     OutHandle = 0
     InHandle = 0
diff --git a/Lib/_strptime.py b/Lib/_strptime.py
index e42af75af74bf5..5f4d2475c0169b 100644
--- a/Lib/_strptime.py
+++ b/Lib/_strptime.py
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 import locale
 import calendar
 from re import compile as re_compile
+from re import sub as re_sub
 from re import IGNORECASE
 from re import escape as re_escape
 from datetime import (date as datetime_date,
@@ -28,6 +29,18 @@ def _getlang():
     # Figure out what the current language is set to.
     return locale.getlocale(locale.LC_TIME)
 
+def _findall(haystack, needle):
+    # Find all positions of needle in haystack.
+    if not needle:
+        return
+    i = 0
+    while True:
+        i = haystack.find(needle, i)
+        if i < 0:
+            break
+        yield i
+        i += len(needle)
+
 class LocaleTime(object):
     """Stores and handles locale-specific information related to time.
 
@@ -102,7 +115,8 @@ def __calc_am_pm(self):
         am_pm = []
         for hour in (1, 22):
             time_tuple = time.struct_time((1999,3,17,hour,44,55,2,76,0))
-            am_pm.append(time.strftime("%p", time_tuple).lower())
+            # br_FR has AM/PM info (' ',' ').
+            am_pm.append(time.strftime("%p", time_tuple).lower().strip())
         self.am_pm = am_pm
 
     def __calc_date_time(self):
@@ -114,42 +128,130 @@ def __calc_date_time(self):
         # values within the format string is very important; it eliminates
         # possible ambiguity for what something represents.
         time_tuple = time.struct_time((1999,3,17,22,44,55,2,76,0))
-        date_time = [None, None, None]
-        date_time[0] = time.strftime("%c", time_tuple).lower()
-        date_time[1] = time.strftime("%x", time_tuple).lower()
-        date_time[2] = time.strftime("%X", time_tuple).lower()
-        replacement_pairs = [('%', '%%'), (self.f_weekday[2], '%A'),
-                    (self.f_month[3], '%B'), (self.a_weekday[2], '%a'),
-                    (self.a_month[3], '%b'), (self.am_pm[1], '%p'),
-                    ('1999', '%Y'), ('99', '%y'), ('22', '%H'),
-                    ('44', '%M'), ('55', '%S'), ('76', '%j'),
-                    ('17', '%d'), ('03', '%m'), ('3', '%m'),
-                    # '3' needed for when no leading zero.
-                    ('2', '%w'), ('10', '%I')]
-        replacement_pairs.extend([(tz, "%Z") for tz_values in self.timezone
-                                                for tz in tz_values])
-        for offset,directive in ((0,'%c'), (1,'%x'), (2,'%X')):
-            current_format = date_time[offset]
-            for old, new in replacement_pairs:
+        time_tuple2 = time.struct_time((1999,1,3,1,1,1,6,3,0))
+        replacement_pairs = [
+            ('1999', '%Y'), ('99', '%y'), ('22', '%H'),
+            ('44', '%M'), ('55', '%S'), ('76', '%j'),
+            ('17', '%d'), ('03', '%m'), ('3', '%m'),
+            # '3' needed for when no leading zero.
+            ('2', '%w'), ('10', '%I'),
+            # Non-ASCII digits
+            ('\u0661\u0669\u0669\u0669', '%Y'),
+            ('\u0669\u0669', '%Oy'),
+            ('\u0662\u0662', '%OH'),
+            ('\u0664\u0664', '%OM'),
+            ('\u0665\u0665', '%OS'),
+            ('\u0661\u0667', '%Od'),
+            ('\u0660\u0663', '%Om'),
+            ('\u0663', '%Om'),
+            ('\u0662', '%Ow'),
+            ('\u0661\u0660', '%OI'),
+        ]
+        date_time = []
+        for directive in ('%c', '%x', '%X'):
+            current_format = time.strftime(directive, time_tuple).lower()
+            current_format = current_format.replace('%', '%%')
+            # The month and the day of the week formats are treated specially
+            # because of a possible ambiguity in some locales where the full
+            # and abbreviated names are equal or names of different types
+            # are equal. See doc of __find_month_format for more details.
+            lst, fmt = self.__find_weekday_format(directive)
+            if lst:
+                current_format = current_format.replace(lst[2], fmt, 1)
+            lst, fmt = self.__find_month_format(directive)
+            if lst:
+                current_format = current_format.replace(lst[3], fmt, 1)
+            if self.am_pm[1]:
                 # Must deal with possible lack of locale info
                 # manifesting itself as the empty string (e.g., Swedish's
                 # lack of AM/PM info) or a platform returning a tuple of empty
                 # strings (e.g., MacOS 9 having timezone as ('','')).
-                if old:
-                    current_format = current_format.replace(old, new)
+                current_format = current_format.replace(self.am_pm[1], '%p')
+            for tz_values in self.timezone:
+                for tz in tz_values:
+                    if tz:
+                        current_format = current_format.replace(tz, "%Z")
+            # Transform all non-ASCII digits to digits in range U+0660 to U+0669.
+            current_format = re_sub(r'\d(?<![0-9])',
+                                    lambda m: chr(0x0660 + int(m[0])),
+                                    current_format)
+            for old, new in replacement_pairs:
+                current_format = current_format.replace(old, new)
             # If %W is used, then Sunday, 2005-01-03 will fall on week 0 since
             # 2005-01-03 occurs before the first Monday of the year.  Otherwise
             # %U is used.
-            time_tuple = time.struct_time((1999,1,3,1,1,1,6,3,0))
-            if '00' in time.strftime(directive, time_tuple):
+            if '00' in time.strftime(directive, time_tuple2):
                 U_W = '%W'
             else:
                 U_W = '%U'
-            date_time[offset] = current_format.replace('11', U_W)
+            current_format = current_format.replace('11', U_W)
+            date_time.append(current_format)
         self.LC_date_time = date_time[0]
         self.LC_date = date_time[1]
         self.LC_time = date_time[2]
 
+    def __find_month_format(self, directive):
+        """Find the month format appropriate for the current locale.
+
+        In some locales (for example French and Hebrew), the default month
+        used in __calc_date_time has the same name in full and abbreviated
+        form.  Also, the month name can by accident match other part of the
+        representation: the day of the week name (for example in Morisyen)
+        or the month number (for example in Japanese).  Thus, cycle months
+        of the year and find all positions that match the month name for
+        each month,  If no common positions are found, the representation
+        does not use the month name.
+        """
+        full_indices = abbr_indices = None
+        for m in range(1, 13):
+            time_tuple = time.struct_time((1999, m, 17, 22, 44, 55, 2, 76, 0))
+            datetime = time.strftime(directive, time_tuple).lower()
+            indices = set(_findall(datetime, self.f_month[m]))
+            if full_indices is None:
+                full_indices = indices
+            else:
+                full_indices &= indices
+            indices = set(_findall(datetime, self.a_month[m]))
+            if abbr_indices is None:
+                abbr_indices = indices
+            else:
+                abbr_indices &= indices
+            if not full_indices and not abbr_indices:
+                return None, None
+        if full_indices:
+            return self.f_month, '%B'
+        if abbr_indices:
+            return self.a_month, '%b'
+        return None, None
+
+    def __find_weekday_format(self, directive):
+        """Find the day of the week format appropriate for the current locale.
+
+        Similar to __find_month_format().
+        """
+        full_indices = abbr_indices = None
+        for wd in range(7):
+            time_tuple = time.struct_time((1999, 3, 17, 22, 44, 55, wd, 76, 0))
+            datetime = time.strftime(directive, time_tuple).lower()
+            indices = set(_findall(datetime, self.f_weekday[wd]))
+            if full_indices is None:
+                full_indices = indices
+            else:
+                full_indices &= indices
+            if self.f_weekday[wd] != self.a_weekday[wd]:
+                indices = set(_findall(datetime, self.a_weekday[wd]))
+            if abbr_indices is None:
+                abbr_indices = indices
+            else:
+                abbr_indices &= indices
+            if not full_indices and not abbr_indices:
+                return None, None
+        if full_indices:
+            return self.f_weekday, '%A'
+        if abbr_indices:
+            return self.a_weekday, '%a'
+        return None, None
+
     def __calc_timezone(self):
         # Set self.timezone by using time.tzname.
         # Do not worry about possibility of time.tzname[0] == time.tzname[1]
@@ -182,12 +284,12 @@ def __init__(self, locale_time=None):
         else:
             self.locale_time = LocaleTime()
         base = super()
-        base.__init__({
+        mapping = {
             # The " [1-9]" part of the regex is to make %c from ANSI C work
             'd': r"(?P<d>3[0-1]|[1-2]\d|0[1-9]|[1-9]| [1-9])",
             'f': r"(?P<f>[0-9]{1,6})",
             'H': r"(?P<H>2[0-3]|[0-1]\d|\d)",
-            'I': r"(?P<I>1[0-2]|0[1-9]|[1-9])",
+            'I': r"(?P<I>1[0-2]|0[1-9]|[1-9]| [1-9])",
             'G': r"(?P<G>\d\d\d\d)",
             'j': r"(?P<j>36[0-6]|3[0-5]\d|[1-2]\d\d|0[1-9]\d|00[1-9]|[1-9]\d|0[1-9]|[1-9])",
             'm': r"(?P<m>1[0-2]|0[1-9]|[1-9])",
@@ -211,11 +313,15 @@ def __init__(self, locale_time=None):
             'Z': self.__seqToRE((tz for tz_names in self.locale_time.timezone
                                         for tz in tz_names),
                                 'Z'),
-            '%': '%'})
-        base.__setitem__('W', base.__getitem__('U').replace('U', 'W'))
-        base.__setitem__('c', self.pattern(self.locale_time.LC_date_time))
-        base.__setitem__('x', self.pattern(self.locale_time.LC_date))
+            '%': '%'}
+        for d in 'dmyHIMS':
+            mapping['O' + d] = r'(?P<%s>\d\d|\d| \d)' % d
+        mapping['Ow'] = r'(?P<w>\d)'
+        mapping['W'] = mapping['U'].replace('U', 'W')
+        base.__init__(mapping)
         base.__setitem__('X', self.pattern(self.locale_time.LC_time))
+        base.__setitem__('x', self.pattern(self.locale_time.LC_date))
+        base.__setitem__('c', self.pattern(self.locale_time.LC_date_time))
 
     def __seqToRE(self, to_convert, directive):
         """Convert a list to a regex string for matching a directive.
@@ -243,39 +349,36 @@ def pattern(self, format):
         regex syntax are escaped.
 
         """
-        processed_format = ''
         # The sub() call escapes all characters that might be misconstrued
         # as regex syntax.  Cannot use re.escape since we have to deal with
         # format directives (%m, etc.).
-        regex_chars = re_compile(r"([\\.^$*+?\(\){}\[\]|])")
-        format = regex_chars.sub(r"\\\1", format)
-        whitespace_replacement = re_compile(r'\s+')
-        format = whitespace_replacement.sub(r'\\s+', format)
+        format = re_sub(r"([\\.^$*+?\(\){}\[\]|])", r"\\\1", format)
+        format = re_sub(r'\s+', r'\\s+', format)
+        format = re_sub(r"'", "['\u02bc]", format)  # needed for br_FR
         year_in_format = False
         day_of_month_in_format = False
-        while '%' in format:
-            directive_index = format.index('%')+1
-            format_char = format[directive_index]
-            processed_format = "%s%s%s" % (processed_format,
-                                           format[:directive_index-1],
-                                           self[format_char])
-            format = format[directive_index+1:]
+        def repl(m):
+            format_char = m[1]
             match format_char:
                 case 'Y' | 'y' | 'G':
+                    nonlocal year_in_format
                     year_in_format = True
                 case 'd':
+                    nonlocal day_of_month_in_format
                     day_of_month_in_format = True
+            return self[format_char]
+        format = re_sub(r'%(O?.)', repl, format)
         if day_of_month_in_format and not year_in_format:
             import warnings
             warnings.warn("""\
-Parsing dates involving a day of month without a year specified is ambiguious
+Parsing dates involving a day of month without a year specified is ambiguous
 and fails to parse leap day. The default behavior will change in Python 3.15
 to either always raise an exception or to use a different default year (TBD).
 To avoid trouble, add a specific year to the input & format.
 See https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/70647.""",
                           DeprecationWarning,
                           skip_file_prefixes=(os.path.dirname(__file__),))
-        return "%s%s" % (processed_format, format)
+        return format
 
     def compile(self, format):
         """Return a compiled re object for the format string."""
@@ -567,18 +670,40 @@ def _strptime_time(data_string, format="%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y"):
     tt = _strptime(data_string, format)[0]
     return time.struct_time(tt[:time._STRUCT_TM_ITEMS])
 
-def _strptime_datetime(cls, data_string, format="%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y"):
-    """Return a class cls instance based on the input string and the
+def _strptime_datetime_date(cls, data_string, format="%a %b %d %Y"):
+    """Return a date instance based on the input string and the
+    format string."""
+    tt, _, _ = _strptime(data_string, format)
+    args = tt[:3]
+    return cls(*args)
+
+def _parse_tz(tzname, gmtoff, gmtoff_fraction):
+    tzdelta = datetime_timedelta(seconds=gmtoff, microseconds=gmtoff_fraction)
+    if tzname:
+        return datetime_timezone(tzdelta, tzname)
+    else:
+        return datetime_timezone(tzdelta)
+
+def _strptime_datetime_time(cls, data_string, format="%H:%M:%S"):
+    """Return a time instance based on the input string and the
     format string."""
     tt, fraction, gmtoff_fraction = _strptime(data_string, format)
     tzname, gmtoff = tt[-2:]
-    args = tt[:6] + (fraction,)
-    if gmtoff is not None:
-        tzdelta = datetime_timedelta(seconds=gmtoff, microseconds=gmtoff_fraction)
-        if tzname:
-            tz = datetime_timezone(tzdelta, tzname)
-        else:
-            tz = datetime_timezone(tzdelta)
-        args += (tz,)
+    args = tt[3:6] + (fraction,)
+    if gmtoff is None:
+        return cls(*args)
+    else:
+        tz = _parse_tz(tzname, gmtoff, gmtoff_fraction)
+        return cls(*args, tz)
 
-    return cls(*args)
+def _strptime_datetime_datetime(cls, data_string, format="%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y"):
+    """Return a datetime instance based on the input string and the
+    format string."""
+    tt, fraction, gmtoff_fraction = _strptime(data_string, format)
+    tzname, gmtoff = tt[-2:]
+    args = tt[:6] + (fraction,)
+    if gmtoff is None:
+        return cls(*args)
+    else:
+        tz = _parse_tz(tzname, gmtoff, gmtoff_fraction)
+        return cls(*args, tz)
diff --git a/Lib/_weakrefset.py b/Lib/_weakrefset.py
index 489eec714e0d48..d1c7fcaeec9821 100644
--- a/Lib/_weakrefset.py
+++ b/Lib/_weakrefset.py
@@ -8,69 +8,29 @@
 __all__ = ['WeakSet']
 
 
-class _IterationGuard:
-    # This context manager registers itself in the current iterators of the
-    # weak container, such as to delay all removals until the context manager
-    # exits.
-    # This technique should be relatively thread-safe (since sets are).
-
-    def __init__(self, weakcontainer):
-        # Don't create cycles
-        self.weakcontainer = ref(weakcontainer)
-
-    def __enter__(self):
-        w = self.weakcontainer()
-        if w is not None:
-            w._iterating.add(self)
-        return self
-
-    def __exit__(self, e, t, b):
-        w = self.weakcontainer()
-        if w is not None:
-            s = w._iterating
-            s.remove(self)
-            if not s:
-                w._commit_removals()
-
-
 class WeakSet:
     def __init__(self, data=None):
         self.data = set()
+
         def _remove(item, selfref=ref(self)):
             self = selfref()
             if self is not None:
-                if self._iterating:
-                    self._pending_removals.append(item)
-                else:
-                    self.data.discard(item)
+                self.data.discard(item)
+
         self._remove = _remove
-        # A list of keys to be removed
-        self._pending_removals = []
-        self._iterating = set()
         if data is not None:
             self.update(data)
 
-    def _commit_removals(self):
-        pop = self._pending_removals.pop
-        discard = self.data.discard
-        while True:
-            try:
-                item = pop()
-            except IndexError:
-                return
-            discard(item)
-
     def __iter__(self):
-        with _IterationGuard(self):
-            for itemref in self.data:
-                item = itemref()
-                if item is not None:
-                    # Caveat: the iterator will keep a strong reference to
-                    # `item` until it is resumed or closed.
-                    yield item
+        for itemref in self.data.copy():
+            item = itemref()
+            if item is not None:
+                # Caveat: the iterator will keep a strong reference to
+                # `item` until it is resumed or closed.
+                yield item
 
     def __len__(self):
-        return len(self.data) - len(self._pending_removals)
+        return len(self.data)
 
     def __contains__(self, item):
         try:
@@ -83,21 +43,15 @@ def __reduce__(self):
         return self.__class__, (list(self),), self.__getstate__()
 
     def add(self, item):
-        if self._pending_removals:
-            self._commit_removals()
         self.data.add(ref(item, self._remove))
 
     def clear(self):
-        if self._pending_removals:
-            self._commit_removals()
         self.data.clear()
 
     def copy(self):
         return self.__class__(self)
 
     def pop(self):
-        if self._pending_removals:
-            self._commit_removals()
         while True:
             try:
                 itemref = self.data.pop()
@@ -108,18 +62,12 @@ def pop(self):
                 return item
 
     def remove(self, item):
-        if self._pending_removals:
-            self._commit_removals()
         self.data.remove(ref(item))
 
     def discard(self, item):
-        if self._pending_removals:
-            self._commit_removals()
         self.data.discard(ref(item))
 
     def update(self, other):
-        if self._pending_removals:
-            self._commit_removals()
         for element in other:
             self.add(element)
 
@@ -136,8 +84,6 @@ def difference(self, other):
     def difference_update(self, other):
         self.__isub__(other)
     def __isub__(self, other):
-        if self._pending_removals:
-            self._commit_removals()
         if self is other:
             self.data.clear()
         else:
@@ -151,8 +97,6 @@ def intersection(self, other):
     def intersection_update(self, other):
         self.__iand__(other)
     def __iand__(self, other):
-        if self._pending_removals:
-            self._commit_removals()
         self.data.intersection_update(ref(item) for item in other)
         return self
 
@@ -184,8 +128,6 @@ def symmetric_difference(self, other):
     def symmetric_difference_update(self, other):
         self.__ixor__(other)
     def __ixor__(self, other):
-        if self._pending_removals:
-            self._commit_removals()
         if self is other:
             self.data.clear()
         else:
diff --git a/Lib/annotationlib.py b/Lib/annotationlib.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..732fbfa628cf5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/annotationlib.py
@@ -0,0 +1,848 @@
+"""Helpers for introspecting and wrapping annotations."""
+
+import ast
+import builtins
+import enum
+import functools
+import keyword
+import sys
+import types
+
+__all__ = [
+    "Format",
+    "ForwardRef",
+    "call_annotate_function",
+    "call_evaluate_function",
+    "get_annotate_function",
+    "get_annotations",
+    "annotations_to_string",
+    "value_to_string",
+]
+
+
+class Format(enum.IntEnum):
+    VALUE = 1
+    FORWARDREF = 2
+    STRING = 3
+
+
+_Union = None
+_sentinel = object()
+
+# Slots shared by ForwardRef and _Stringifier. The __forward__ names must be
+# preserved for compatibility with the old typing.ForwardRef class. The remaining
+# names are private.
+_SLOTS = (
+    "__forward_evaluated__",
+    "__forward_value__",
+    "__forward_is_argument__",
+    "__forward_is_class__",
+    "__forward_module__",
+    "__weakref__",
+    "__arg__",
+    "__ast_node__",
+    "__code__",
+    "__globals__",
+    "__owner__",
+    "__cell__",
+    "__stringifier_dict__",
+)
+
+
+class ForwardRef:
+    """Wrapper that holds a forward reference.
+
+    Constructor arguments:
+    * arg: a string representing the code to be evaluated.
+    * module: the module where the forward reference was created.
+      Must be a string, not a module object.
+    * owner: The owning object (module, class, or function).
+    * is_argument: Does nothing, retained for compatibility.
+    * is_class: True if the forward reference was created in class scope.
+
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = _SLOTS
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        arg,
+        *,
+        module=None,
+        owner=None,
+        is_argument=True,
+        is_class=False,
+    ):
+        if not isinstance(arg, str):
+            raise TypeError(f"Forward reference must be a string -- got {arg!r}")
+
+        self.__arg__ = arg
+        self.__forward_evaluated__ = False
+        self.__forward_value__ = None
+        self.__forward_is_argument__ = is_argument
+        self.__forward_is_class__ = is_class
+        self.__forward_module__ = module
+        self.__code__ = None
+        self.__ast_node__ = None
+        self.__globals__ = None
+        self.__cell__ = None
+        self.__owner__ = owner
+
+    def __init_subclass__(cls, /, *args, **kwds):
+        raise TypeError("Cannot subclass ForwardRef")
+
+    def evaluate(self, *, globals=None, locals=None, type_params=None, owner=None):
+        """Evaluate the forward reference and return the value.
+
+        If the forward reference cannot be evaluated, raise an exception.
+        """
+        if self.__forward_evaluated__:
+            return self.__forward_value__
+        if self.__cell__ is not None:
+            try:
+                value = self.__cell__.cell_contents
+            except ValueError:
+                pass
+            else:
+                self.__forward_evaluated__ = True
+                self.__forward_value__ = value
+                return value
+        if owner is None:
+            owner = self.__owner__
+
+        if globals is None and self.__forward_module__ is not None:
+            globals = getattr(
+                sys.modules.get(self.__forward_module__, None), "__dict__", None
+            )
+        if globals is None:
+            globals = self.__globals__
+        if globals is None:
+            if isinstance(owner, type):
+                module_name = getattr(owner, "__module__", None)
+                if module_name:
+                    module = sys.modules.get(module_name, None)
+                    if module:
+                        globals = getattr(module, "__dict__", None)
+            elif isinstance(owner, types.ModuleType):
+                globals = getattr(owner, "__dict__", None)
+            elif callable(owner):
+                globals = getattr(owner, "__globals__", None)
+
+        # If we pass None to eval() below, the globals of this module are used.
+        if globals is None:
+            globals = {}
+
+        if locals is None:
+            locals = {}
+            if isinstance(owner, type):
+                locals.update(vars(owner))
+
+        if type_params is None and owner is not None:
+            # "Inject" type parameters into the local namespace
+            # (unless they are shadowed by assignments *in* the local namespace),
+            # as a way of emulating annotation scopes when calling `eval()`
+            type_params = getattr(owner, "__type_params__", None)
+
+        # type parameters require some special handling,
+        # as they exist in their own scope
+        # but `eval()` does not have a dedicated parameter for that scope.
+        # For classes, names in type parameter scopes should override
+        # names in the global scope (which here are called `localns`!),
+        # but should in turn be overridden by names in the class scope
+        # (which here are called `globalns`!)
+        if type_params is not None:
+            globals = dict(globals)
+            locals = dict(locals)
+            for param in type_params:
+                param_name = param.__name__
+                if not self.__forward_is_class__ or param_name not in globals:
+                    globals[param_name] = param
+                    locals.pop(param_name, None)
+
+        arg = self.__forward_arg__
+        if arg.isidentifier() and not keyword.iskeyword(arg):
+            if arg in locals:
+                value = locals[arg]
+            elif arg in globals:
+                value = globals[arg]
+            elif hasattr(builtins, arg):
+                return getattr(builtins, arg)
+            else:
+                raise NameError(arg)
+        else:
+            code = self.__forward_code__
+            value = eval(code, globals=globals, locals=locals)
+        self.__forward_evaluated__ = True
+        self.__forward_value__ = value
+        return value
+
+    def _evaluate(self, globalns, localns, type_params=_sentinel, *, recursive_guard):
+        import typing
+        import warnings
+
+        if type_params is _sentinel:
+            typing._deprecation_warning_for_no_type_params_passed(
+                "typing.ForwardRef._evaluate"
+            )
+            type_params = ()
+        warnings._deprecated(
+            "ForwardRef._evaluate",
+            "{name} is a private API and is retained for compatibility, but will be removed"
+            " in Python 3.16. Use ForwardRef.evaluate() or typing.evaluate_forward_ref() instead.",
+            remove=(3, 16),
+        )
+        return typing.evaluate_forward_ref(
+            self,
+            globals=globalns,
+            locals=localns,
+            type_params=type_params,
+            _recursive_guard=recursive_guard,
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def __forward_arg__(self):
+        if self.__arg__ is not None:
+            return self.__arg__
+        if self.__ast_node__ is not None:
+            self.__arg__ = ast.unparse(self.__ast_node__)
+            return self.__arg__
+        raise AssertionError(
+            "Attempted to access '__forward_arg__' on an uninitialized ForwardRef"
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def __forward_code__(self):
+        if self.__code__ is not None:
+            return self.__code__
+        arg = self.__forward_arg__
+        # If we do `def f(*args: *Ts)`, then we'll have `arg = '*Ts'`.
+        # Unfortunately, this isn't a valid expression on its own, so we
+        # do the unpacking manually.
+        if arg.startswith("*"):
+            arg_to_compile = f"({arg},)[0]"  # E.g. (*Ts,)[0] or (*tuple[int, int],)[0]
+        else:
+            arg_to_compile = arg
+        try:
+            self.__code__ = compile(arg_to_compile, "<string>", "eval")
+        except SyntaxError:
+            raise SyntaxError(f"Forward reference must be an expression -- got {arg!r}")
+        return self.__code__
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        if not isinstance(other, ForwardRef):
+            return NotImplemented
+        if self.__forward_evaluated__ and other.__forward_evaluated__:
+            return (
+                self.__forward_arg__ == other.__forward_arg__
+                and self.__forward_value__ == other.__forward_value__
+            )
+        return (
+            self.__forward_arg__ == other.__forward_arg__
+            and self.__forward_module__ == other.__forward_module__
+        )
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        return hash((self.__forward_arg__, self.__forward_module__))
+
+    def __or__(self, other):
+        global _Union
+        if _Union is None:
+            from typing import Union as _Union
+        return _Union[self, other]
+
+    def __ror__(self, other):
+        global _Union
+        if _Union is None:
+            from typing import Union as _Union
+        return _Union[other, self]
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        if self.__forward_module__ is None:
+            module_repr = ""
+        else:
+            module_repr = f", module={self.__forward_module__!r}"
+        return f"ForwardRef({self.__forward_arg__!r}{module_repr})"
+
+
+class _Stringifier:
+    # Must match the slots on ForwardRef, so we can turn an instance of one into an
+    # instance of the other in place.
+    __slots__ = _SLOTS
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        node,
+        globals=None,
+        owner=None,
+        is_class=False,
+        cell=None,
+        *,
+        stringifier_dict,
+    ):
+        # Either an AST node or a simple str (for the common case where a ForwardRef
+        # represent a single name).
+        assert isinstance(node, (ast.AST, str))
+        self.__arg__ = None
+        self.__forward_evaluated__ = False
+        self.__forward_value__ = None
+        self.__forward_is_argument__ = False
+        self.__forward_is_class__ = is_class
+        self.__forward_module__ = None
+        self.__code__ = None
+        self.__ast_node__ = node
+        self.__globals__ = globals
+        self.__cell__ = cell
+        self.__owner__ = owner
+        self.__stringifier_dict__ = stringifier_dict
+
+    def __convert_to_ast(self, other):
+        if isinstance(other, _Stringifier):
+            if isinstance(other.__ast_node__, str):
+                return ast.Name(id=other.__ast_node__)
+            return other.__ast_node__
+        elif isinstance(other, slice):
+            return ast.Slice(
+                lower=(
+                    self.__convert_to_ast(other.start)
+                    if other.start is not None
+                    else None
+                ),
+                upper=(
+                    self.__convert_to_ast(other.stop)
+                    if other.stop is not None
+                    else None
+                ),
+                step=(
+                    self.__convert_to_ast(other.step)
+                    if other.step is not None
+                    else None
+                ),
+            )
+        else:
+            return ast.Constant(value=other)
+
+    def __get_ast(self):
+        node = self.__ast_node__
+        if isinstance(node, str):
+            return ast.Name(id=node)
+        return node
+
+    def __make_new(self, node):
+        stringifier = _Stringifier(
+            node,
+            self.__globals__,
+            self.__owner__,
+            self.__forward_is_class__,
+            stringifier_dict=self.__stringifier_dict__,
+        )
+        self.__stringifier_dict__.stringifiers.append(stringifier)
+        return stringifier
+
+    # Must implement this since we set __eq__. We hash by identity so that
+    # stringifiers in dict keys are kept separate.
+    def __hash__(self):
+        return id(self)
+
+    def __getitem__(self, other):
+        # Special case, to avoid stringifying references to class-scoped variables
+        # as '__classdict__["x"]'.
+        if self.__ast_node__ == "__classdict__":
+            raise KeyError
+        if isinstance(other, tuple):
+            elts = [self.__convert_to_ast(elt) for elt in other]
+            other = ast.Tuple(elts)
+        else:
+            other = self.__convert_to_ast(other)
+        assert isinstance(other, ast.AST), repr(other)
+        return self.__make_new(ast.Subscript(self.__get_ast(), other))
+
+    def __getattr__(self, attr):
+        return self.__make_new(ast.Attribute(self.__get_ast(), attr))
+
+    def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        return self.__make_new(
+            ast.Call(
+                self.__get_ast(),
+                [self.__convert_to_ast(arg) for arg in args],
+                [
+                    ast.keyword(key, self.__convert_to_ast(value))
+                    for key, value in kwargs.items()
+                ],
+            )
+        )
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        yield self.__make_new(ast.Starred(self.__get_ast()))
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        if isinstance(self.__ast_node__, str):
+            return self.__ast_node__
+        return ast.unparse(self.__ast_node__)
+
+    def __format__(self, format_spec):
+        raise TypeError("Cannot stringify annotation containing string formatting")
+
+    def _make_binop(op: ast.AST):
+        def binop(self, other):
+            return self.__make_new(
+                ast.BinOp(self.__get_ast(), op, self.__convert_to_ast(other))
+            )
+
+        return binop
+
+    __add__ = _make_binop(ast.Add())
+    __sub__ = _make_binop(ast.Sub())
+    __mul__ = _make_binop(ast.Mult())
+    __matmul__ = _make_binop(ast.MatMult())
+    __truediv__ = _make_binop(ast.Div())
+    __mod__ = _make_binop(ast.Mod())
+    __lshift__ = _make_binop(ast.LShift())
+    __rshift__ = _make_binop(ast.RShift())
+    __or__ = _make_binop(ast.BitOr())
+    __xor__ = _make_binop(ast.BitXor())
+    __and__ = _make_binop(ast.BitAnd())
+    __floordiv__ = _make_binop(ast.FloorDiv())
+    __pow__ = _make_binop(ast.Pow())
+
+    del _make_binop
+
+    def _make_rbinop(op: ast.AST):
+        def rbinop(self, other):
+            return self.__make_new(
+                ast.BinOp(self.__convert_to_ast(other), op, self.__get_ast())
+            )
+
+        return rbinop
+
+    __radd__ = _make_rbinop(ast.Add())
+    __rsub__ = _make_rbinop(ast.Sub())
+    __rmul__ = _make_rbinop(ast.Mult())
+    __rmatmul__ = _make_rbinop(ast.MatMult())
+    __rtruediv__ = _make_rbinop(ast.Div())
+    __rmod__ = _make_rbinop(ast.Mod())
+    __rlshift__ = _make_rbinop(ast.LShift())
+    __rrshift__ = _make_rbinop(ast.RShift())
+    __ror__ = _make_rbinop(ast.BitOr())
+    __rxor__ = _make_rbinop(ast.BitXor())
+    __rand__ = _make_rbinop(ast.BitAnd())
+    __rfloordiv__ = _make_rbinop(ast.FloorDiv())
+    __rpow__ = _make_rbinop(ast.Pow())
+
+    del _make_rbinop
+
+    def _make_compare(op):
+        def compare(self, other):
+            return self.__make_new(
+                ast.Compare(
+                    left=self.__get_ast(),
+                    ops=[op],
+                    comparators=[self.__convert_to_ast(other)],
+                )
+            )
+
+        return compare
+
+    __lt__ = _make_compare(ast.Lt())
+    __le__ = _make_compare(ast.LtE())
+    __eq__ = _make_compare(ast.Eq())
+    __ne__ = _make_compare(ast.NotEq())
+    __gt__ = _make_compare(ast.Gt())
+    __ge__ = _make_compare(ast.GtE())
+
+    del _make_compare
+
+    def _make_unary_op(op):
+        def unary_op(self):
+            return self.__make_new(ast.UnaryOp(op, self.__get_ast()))
+
+        return unary_op
+
+    __invert__ = _make_unary_op(ast.Invert())
+    __pos__ = _make_unary_op(ast.UAdd())
+    __neg__ = _make_unary_op(ast.USub())
+
+    del _make_unary_op
+
+
+class _StringifierDict(dict):
+    def __init__(self, namespace, globals=None, owner=None, is_class=False):
+        super().__init__(namespace)
+        self.namespace = namespace
+        self.globals = globals
+        self.owner = owner
+        self.is_class = is_class
+        self.stringifiers = []
+
+    def __missing__(self, key):
+        fwdref = _Stringifier(
+            key,
+            globals=self.globals,
+            owner=self.owner,
+            is_class=self.is_class,
+            stringifier_dict=self,
+        )
+        self.stringifiers.append(fwdref)
+        return fwdref
+
+
+def call_evaluate_function(evaluate, format, *, owner=None):
+    """Call an evaluate function. Evaluate functions are normally generated for
+    the value of type aliases and the bounds, constraints, and defaults of
+    type parameter objects.
+    """
+    return call_annotate_function(evaluate, format, owner=owner, _is_evaluate=True)
+
+
+def call_annotate_function(annotate, format, *, owner=None, _is_evaluate=False):
+    """Call an __annotate__ function. __annotate__ functions are normally
+    generated by the compiler to defer the evaluation of annotations. They
+    can be called with any of the format arguments in the Format enum, but
+    compiler-generated __annotate__ functions only support the VALUE format.
+    This function provides additional functionality to call __annotate__
+    functions with the FORWARDREF and STRING formats.
+
+    *annotate* must be an __annotate__ function, which takes a single argument
+    and returns a dict of annotations.
+
+    *format* must be a member of the Format enum or one of the corresponding
+    integer values.
+
+    *owner* can be the object that owns the annotations (i.e., the module,
+    class, or function that the __annotate__ function derives from). With the
+    FORWARDREF format, it is used to provide better evaluation capabilities
+    on the generated ForwardRef objects.
+
+    """
+    try:
+        return annotate(format)
+    except NotImplementedError:
+        pass
+    if format == Format.STRING:
+        # STRING is implemented by calling the annotate function in a special
+        # environment where every name lookup results in an instance of _Stringifier.
+        # _Stringifier supports every dunder operation and returns a new _Stringifier.
+        # At the end, we get a dictionary that mostly contains _Stringifier objects (or
+        # possibly constants if the annotate function uses them directly). We then
+        # convert each of those into a string to get an approximation of the
+        # original source.
+        globals = _StringifierDict({})
+        if annotate.__closure__:
+            freevars = annotate.__code__.co_freevars
+            new_closure = []
+            for i, cell in enumerate(annotate.__closure__):
+                if i < len(freevars):
+                    name = freevars[i]
+                else:
+                    name = "__cell__"
+                fwdref = _Stringifier(name, stringifier_dict=globals)
+                new_closure.append(types.CellType(fwdref))
+            closure = tuple(new_closure)
+        else:
+            closure = None
+        func = types.FunctionType(
+            annotate.__code__,
+            globals,
+            closure=closure,
+            argdefs=annotate.__defaults__,
+            kwdefaults=annotate.__kwdefaults__,
+        )
+        annos = func(Format.VALUE)
+        if _is_evaluate:
+            return annos if isinstance(annos, str) else repr(annos)
+        return {
+            key: val if isinstance(val, str) else repr(val)
+            for key, val in annos.items()
+        }
+    elif format == Format.FORWARDREF:
+        # FORWARDREF is implemented similarly to STRING, but there are two changes,
+        # at the beginning and the end of the process.
+        # First, while STRING uses an empty dictionary as the namespace, so that all
+        # name lookups result in _Stringifier objects, FORWARDREF uses the globals
+        # and builtins, so that defined names map to their real values.
+        # Second, instead of returning strings, we want to return either real values
+        # or ForwardRef objects. To do this, we keep track of all _Stringifier objects
+        # created while the annotation is being evaluated, and at the end we convert
+        # them all to ForwardRef objects by assigning to __class__. To make this
+        # technique work, we have to ensure that the _Stringifier and ForwardRef
+        # classes share the same attributes.
+        # We use this technique because while the annotations are being evaluated,
+        # we want to support all operations that the language allows, including even
+        # __getattr__ and __eq__, and return new _Stringifier objects so we can accurately
+        # reconstruct the source. But in the dictionary that we eventually return, we
+        # want to return objects with more user-friendly behavior, such as an __eq__
+        # that returns a bool and an defined set of attributes.
+        namespace = {**annotate.__builtins__, **annotate.__globals__}
+        is_class = isinstance(owner, type)
+        globals = _StringifierDict(namespace, annotate.__globals__, owner, is_class)
+        if annotate.__closure__:
+            freevars = annotate.__code__.co_freevars
+            new_closure = []
+            for i, cell in enumerate(annotate.__closure__):
+                try:
+                    cell.cell_contents
+                except ValueError:
+                    if i < len(freevars):
+                        name = freevars[i]
+                    else:
+                        name = "__cell__"
+                    fwdref = _Stringifier(
+                        name,
+                        cell=cell,
+                        owner=owner,
+                        globals=annotate.__globals__,
+                        is_class=is_class,
+                        stringifier_dict=globals,
+                    )
+                    globals.stringifiers.append(fwdref)
+                    new_closure.append(types.CellType(fwdref))
+                else:
+                    new_closure.append(cell)
+            closure = tuple(new_closure)
+        else:
+            closure = None
+        func = types.FunctionType(
+            annotate.__code__,
+            globals,
+            closure=closure,
+            argdefs=annotate.__defaults__,
+            kwdefaults=annotate.__kwdefaults__,
+        )
+        result = func(Format.VALUE)
+        for obj in globals.stringifiers:
+            obj.__class__ = ForwardRef
+            obj.__stringifier_dict__ = None  # not needed for ForwardRef
+            if isinstance(obj.__ast_node__, str):
+                obj.__arg__ = obj.__ast_node__
+                obj.__ast_node__ = None
+        return result
+    elif format == Format.VALUE:
+        # Should be impossible because __annotate__ functions must not raise
+        # NotImplementedError for this format.
+        raise RuntimeError("annotate function does not support VALUE format")
+    else:
+        raise ValueError(f"Invalid format: {format!r}")
+
+
+# We use the descriptors from builtins.type instead of accessing
+# .__annotations__ and .__annotate__ directly on class objects, because
+# otherwise we could get wrong results in some cases involving metaclasses.
+# See PEP 749.
+_BASE_GET_ANNOTATE = type.__dict__["__annotate__"].__get__
+_BASE_GET_ANNOTATIONS = type.__dict__["__annotations__"].__get__
+
+
+def get_annotate_function(obj):
+    """Get the __annotate__ function for an object.
+
+    obj may be a function, class, or module, or a user-defined type with
+    an `__annotate__` attribute.
+
+    Returns the __annotate__ function or None.
+    """
+    if isinstance(obj, type):
+        try:
+            return _BASE_GET_ANNOTATE(obj)
+        except AttributeError:
+            # AttributeError is raised for static types.
+            return None
+    return getattr(obj, "__annotate__", None)
+
+
+def get_annotations(
+    obj, *, globals=None, locals=None, eval_str=False, format=Format.VALUE
+):
+    """Compute the annotations dict for an object.
+
+    obj may be a callable, class, or module.
+    Passing in an object of any other type raises TypeError.
+
+    Returns a dict.  get_annotations() returns a new dict every time
+    it's called; calling it twice on the same object will return two
+    different but equivalent dicts.
+
+    This function handles several details for you:
+
+      * If eval_str is true, values of type str will
+        be un-stringized using eval().  This is intended
+        for use with stringized annotations
+        ("from __future__ import annotations").
+      * If obj doesn't have an annotations dict, returns an
+        empty dict.  (Functions and methods always have an
+        annotations dict; classes, modules, and other types of
+        callables may not.)
+      * Ignores inherited annotations on classes.  If a class
+        doesn't have its own annotations dict, returns an empty dict.
+      * All accesses to object members and dict values are done
+        using getattr() and dict.get() for safety.
+      * Always, always, always returns a freshly-created dict.
+
+    eval_str controls whether or not values of type str are replaced
+    with the result of calling eval() on those values:
+
+      * If eval_str is true, eval() is called on values of type str.
+      * If eval_str is false (the default), values of type str are unchanged.
+
+    globals and locals are passed in to eval(); see the documentation
+    for eval() for more information.  If either globals or locals is
+    None, this function may replace that value with a context-specific
+    default, contingent on type(obj):
+
+      * If obj is a module, globals defaults to obj.__dict__.
+      * If obj is a class, globals defaults to
+        sys.modules[obj.__module__].__dict__ and locals
+        defaults to the obj class namespace.
+      * If obj is a callable, globals defaults to obj.__globals__,
+        although if obj is a wrapped function (using
+        functools.update_wrapper()) it is first unwrapped.
+    """
+    if eval_str and format != Format.VALUE:
+        raise ValueError("eval_str=True is only supported with format=Format.VALUE")
+
+    match format:
+        case Format.VALUE:
+            # For VALUE, we only look at __annotations__
+            ann = _get_dunder_annotations(obj)
+        case Format.FORWARDREF:
+            # For FORWARDREF, we use __annotations__ if it exists
+            try:
+                return dict(_get_dunder_annotations(obj))
+            except NameError:
+                pass
+
+            # But if __annotations__ threw a NameError, we try calling __annotate__
+            ann = _get_and_call_annotate(obj, format)
+            if ann is not None:
+                return ann
+
+            # If that didn't work either, we have a very weird object: evaluating
+            # __annotations__ threw NameError and there is no __annotate__. In that case,
+            # we fall back to trying __annotations__ again.
+            return dict(_get_dunder_annotations(obj))
+        case Format.STRING:
+            # For STRING, we try to call __annotate__
+            ann = _get_and_call_annotate(obj, format)
+            if ann is not None:
+                return ann
+            # But if we didn't get it, we use __annotations__ instead.
+            ann = _get_dunder_annotations(obj)
+            return annotations_to_string(ann)
+        case _:
+            raise ValueError(f"Unsupported format {format!r}")
+
+    if not ann:
+        return {}
+
+    if not eval_str:
+        return dict(ann)
+
+    if isinstance(obj, type):
+        # class
+        obj_globals = None
+        module_name = getattr(obj, "__module__", None)
+        if module_name:
+            module = sys.modules.get(module_name, None)
+            if module:
+                obj_globals = getattr(module, "__dict__", None)
+        obj_locals = dict(vars(obj))
+        unwrap = obj
+    elif isinstance(obj, types.ModuleType):
+        # module
+        obj_globals = getattr(obj, "__dict__")
+        obj_locals = None
+        unwrap = None
+    elif callable(obj):
+        # this includes types.Function, types.BuiltinFunctionType,
+        # types.BuiltinMethodType, functools.partial, functools.singledispatch,
+        # "class funclike" from Lib/test/test_inspect... on and on it goes.
+        obj_globals = getattr(obj, "__globals__", None)
+        obj_locals = None
+        unwrap = obj
+    elif ann is not None:
+        obj_globals = obj_locals = unwrap = None
+    else:
+        raise TypeError(f"{obj!r} is not a module, class, or callable.")
+
+    if unwrap is not None:
+        while True:
+            if hasattr(unwrap, "__wrapped__"):
+                unwrap = unwrap.__wrapped__
+                continue
+            if isinstance(unwrap, functools.partial):
+                unwrap = unwrap.func
+                continue
+            break
+        if hasattr(unwrap, "__globals__"):
+            obj_globals = unwrap.__globals__
+
+    if globals is None:
+        globals = obj_globals
+    if locals is None:
+        locals = obj_locals
+
+    # "Inject" type parameters into the local namespace
+    # (unless they are shadowed by assignments *in* the local namespace),
+    # as a way of emulating annotation scopes when calling `eval()`
+    if type_params := getattr(obj, "__type_params__", ()):
+        if locals is None:
+            locals = {}
+        locals = {param.__name__: param for param in type_params} | locals
+
+    return_value = {
+        key: value if not isinstance(value, str) else eval(value, globals, locals)
+        for key, value in ann.items()
+    }
+    return return_value
+
+
+def value_to_string(value):
+    """Convert a Python value to a format suitable for use with the STRING format.
+
+    This is inteded as a helper for tools that support the STRING format but do
+    not have access to the code that originally produced the annotations. It uses
+    repr() for most objects.
+
+    """
+    if isinstance(value, type):
+        if value.__module__ == "builtins":
+            return value.__qualname__
+        return f"{value.__module__}.{value.__qualname__}"
+    if value is ...:
+        return "..."
+    if isinstance(value, (types.FunctionType, types.BuiltinFunctionType)):
+        return value.__name__
+    return repr(value)
+
+
+def annotations_to_string(annotations):
+    """Convert an annotation dict containing values to approximately the STRING format."""
+    return {
+        n: t if isinstance(t, str) else value_to_string(t)
+        for n, t in annotations.items()
+    }
+
+
+def _get_and_call_annotate(obj, format):
+    annotate = get_annotate_function(obj)
+    if annotate is not None:
+        ann = call_annotate_function(annotate, format, owner=obj)
+        if not isinstance(ann, dict):
+            raise ValueError(f"{obj!r}.__annotate__ returned a non-dict")
+        return dict(ann)
+    return None
+
+
+def _get_dunder_annotations(obj):
+    if isinstance(obj, type):
+        try:
+            ann = _BASE_GET_ANNOTATIONS(obj)
+        except AttributeError:
+            # For static types, the descriptor raises AttributeError.
+            return {}
+    else:
+        ann = getattr(obj, "__annotations__", None)
+        if ann is None:
+            return {}
+
+    if not isinstance(ann, dict):
+        raise ValueError(f"{obj!r}.__annotations__ is neither a dict nor None")
+    return dict(ann)
diff --git a/Lib/argparse.py b/Lib/argparse.py
index cdd29d3ad568e5..9746173984c6ca 100644
--- a/Lib/argparse.py
+++ b/Lib/argparse.py
@@ -18,11 +18,12 @@
         'integers', metavar='int', nargs='+', type=int,
         help='an integer to be summed')
     parser.add_argument(
-        '--log', default=sys.stdout, type=argparse.FileType('w'),
+        '--log',
         help='the file where the sum should be written')
     args = parser.parse_args()
-    args.log.write('%s' % sum(args.integers))
-    args.log.close()
+    with (open(args.log, 'w') if args.log is not None
+          else contextlib.nullcontext(sys.stdout)) as log:
+        log.write('%s' % sum(args.integers))
 
 The module contains the following public classes:
 
@@ -39,7 +40,8 @@
 
     - FileType -- A factory for defining types of files to be created. As the
         example above shows, instances of FileType are typically passed as
-        the type= argument of add_argument() calls.
+        the type= argument of add_argument() calls. Deprecated since
+        Python 3.14.
 
     - Action -- The base class for parser actions. Typically actions are
         selected by passing strings like 'store_true' or 'append_const' to
@@ -261,13 +263,12 @@ def add_argument(self, action):
 
             # find all invocations
             get_invocation = self._format_action_invocation
-            invocations = [get_invocation(action)]
+            invocation_lengths = [len(get_invocation(action)) + self._current_indent]
             for subaction in self._iter_indented_subactions(action):
-                invocations.append(get_invocation(subaction))
+                invocation_lengths.append(len(get_invocation(subaction)) + self._current_indent)
 
             # update the maximum item length
-            invocation_length = max(map(len, invocations))
-            action_length = invocation_length + self._current_indent
+            action_length = max(invocation_lengths)
             self._action_max_length = max(self._action_max_length,
                                           action_length)
 
@@ -396,12 +397,12 @@ def _get_actions_usage_parts(self, actions, groups):
                 continue
 
             try:
-                start = actions.index(group._group_actions[0])
+                start = min(actions.index(item) for item in group._group_actions)
             except ValueError:
                 continue
             else:
                 end = start + len(group._group_actions)
-                if actions[start:end] == group._group_actions:
+                if set(actions[start:end]) == set(group._group_actions):
                     group_actions.update(group._group_actions)
                     inserts[start, end] = group
 
@@ -447,15 +448,24 @@ def _get_actions_usage_parts(self, actions, groups):
             parts.append(part)
 
         # group mutually exclusive actions
+        inserted_separators_indices = set()
         for start, end in sorted(inserts, reverse=True):
             group = inserts[start, end]
             group_parts = [item for item in parts[start:end] if item is not None]
+            group_size = len(group_parts)
             if group.required:
-                open, close = "()" if len(group_parts) > 1 else ("", "")
+                open, close = "()" if group_size > 1 else ("", "")
             else:
                 open, close = "[]"
-            parts[start] = open + " | ".join(group_parts) + close
-            for i in range(start + 1, end):
+            group_parts[0] = open + group_parts[0]
+            group_parts[-1] = group_parts[-1] + close
+            for i, part in enumerate(group_parts[:-1], start=start):
+                # insert a separator if not already done in a nested group
+                if i not in inserted_separators_indices:
+                    parts[i] = part + ' |'
+                    inserted_separators_indices.add(i)
+            parts[start + group_size - 1] = group_parts[-1]
+            for i in range(start + group_size, end):
                 parts[i] = None
 
         # return the usage parts
@@ -519,8 +529,7 @@ def _format_action(self, action):
     def _format_action_invocation(self, action):
         if not action.option_strings:
             default = self._get_default_metavar_for_positional(action)
-            metavar, = self._metavar_formatter(action, default)(1)
-            return metavar
+            return ' '.join(self._metavar_formatter(action, default)(1))
 
         else:
 
@@ -540,8 +549,7 @@ def _metavar_formatter(self, action, default_metavar):
         if action.metavar is not None:
             result = action.metavar
         elif action.choices is not None:
-            choice_strs = [str(choice) for choice in action.choices]
-            result = '{%s}' % ','.join(choice_strs)
+            result = '{%s}' % ','.join(map(str, action.choices))
         else:
             result = default_metavar
 
@@ -581,17 +589,19 @@ def _format_args(self, action, default_metavar):
         return result
 
     def _expand_help(self, action):
+        help_string = self._get_help_string(action)
+        if '%' not in help_string:
+            return help_string
         params = dict(vars(action), prog=self._prog)
         for name in list(params):
-            if params[name] is SUPPRESS:
+            value = params[name]
+            if value is SUPPRESS:
                 del params[name]
-        for name in list(params):
-            if hasattr(params[name], '__name__'):
-                params[name] = params[name].__name__
+            elif hasattr(value, '__name__'):
+                params[name] = value.__name__
         if params.get('choices') is not None:
-            choices_str = ', '.join([str(c) for c in params['choices']])
-            params['choices'] = choices_str
-        return self._get_help_string(action) % params
+            params['choices'] = ', '.join(map(str, params['choices']))
+        return help_string % params
 
     def _iter_indented_subactions(self, action):
         try:
@@ -695,11 +705,19 @@ def _get_action_name(argument):
     elif argument.option_strings:
         return '/'.join(argument.option_strings)
     elif argument.metavar not in (None, SUPPRESS):
-        return argument.metavar
+        metavar = argument.metavar
+        if not isinstance(metavar, tuple):
+            return metavar
+        if argument.nargs == ZERO_OR_MORE and len(metavar) == 2:
+            return '%s[, %s]' % metavar
+        elif argument.nargs == ONE_OR_MORE:
+            return '%s[, %s]' % metavar
+        else:
+            return ', '.join(metavar)
     elif argument.dest not in (None, SUPPRESS):
         return argument.dest
     elif argument.choices:
-        return '{' + ','.join(argument.choices) + '}'
+        return '{%s}' % ','.join(map(str, argument.choices))
     else:
         return None
 
@@ -1165,9 +1183,13 @@ def add_parser(self, name, *, deprecated=False, **kwargs):
             help = kwargs.pop('help')
             choice_action = self._ChoicesPseudoAction(name, aliases, help)
             self._choices_actions.append(choice_action)
+        else:
+            choice_action = None
 
         # create the parser and add it to the map
         parser = self._parser_class(**kwargs)
+        if choice_action is not None:
+            parser._check_help(choice_action)
         self._name_parser_map[name] = parser
 
         # make parser available under aliases also
@@ -1216,7 +1238,8 @@ def __call__(self, parser, namespace, values, option_string=None):
             setattr(namespace, key, value)
 
         if arg_strings:
-            vars(namespace).setdefault(_UNRECOGNIZED_ARGS_ATTR, [])
+            if not hasattr(namespace, _UNRECOGNIZED_ARGS_ATTR):
+                setattr(namespace, _UNRECOGNIZED_ARGS_ATTR, [])
             getattr(namespace, _UNRECOGNIZED_ARGS_ATTR).extend(arg_strings)
 
 class _ExtendAction(_AppendAction):
@@ -1231,7 +1254,7 @@ def __call__(self, parser, namespace, values, option_string=None):
 # ==============
 
 class FileType(object):
-    """Factory for creating file object types
+    """Deprecated factory for creating file object types
 
     Instances of FileType are typically passed as type= arguments to the
     ArgumentParser add_argument() method.
@@ -1248,6 +1271,12 @@ class FileType(object):
     """
 
     def __init__(self, mode='r', bufsize=-1, encoding=None, errors=None):
+        import warnings
+        warnings.warn(
+            "FileType is deprecated. Simply open files after parsing arguments.",
+            category=PendingDeprecationWarning,
+            stacklevel=2
+        )
         self._mode = mode
         self._bufsize = bufsize
         self._encoding = encoding
@@ -1351,7 +1380,7 @@ def __init__(self,
         self._defaults = {}
 
         # determines whether an "option" looks like a negative number
-        self._negative_number_matcher = _re.compile(r'^-\d+$|^-\d*\.\d+$')
+        self._negative_number_matcher = _re.compile(r'-\.?\d')
 
         # whether or not there are any optionals that look like negative
         # numbers -- uses a list so it can be shared and edited
@@ -1401,7 +1430,8 @@ def add_argument(self, *args, **kwargs):
         chars = self.prefix_chars
         if not args or len(args) == 1 and args[0][0] not in chars:
             if args and 'dest' in kwargs:
-                raise ValueError('dest supplied twice for positional argument')
+                raise ValueError('dest supplied twice for positional argument,'
+                                 ' did you mean metavar?')
             kwargs = self._get_positional_kwargs(*args, **kwargs)
 
         # otherwise, we're adding an optional argument
@@ -1417,11 +1447,17 @@ def add_argument(self, *args, **kwargs):
                 kwargs['default'] = self.argument_default
 
         # create the action object, and add it to the parser
+        action_name = kwargs.get('action')
         action_class = self._pop_action_class(kwargs)
         if not callable(action_class):
             raise ValueError('unknown action "%s"' % (action_class,))
         action = action_class(**kwargs)
 
+        # raise an error if action for positional argument does not
+        # consume arguments
+        if not action.option_strings and action.nargs == 0:
+            raise ValueError(f'action {action_name!r} is not valid for positional arguments')
+
         # raise an error if the action type is not callable
         type_func = self._registry_get('type', action.type, action.type)
         if not callable(type_func):
@@ -1433,11 +1469,12 @@ def add_argument(self, *args, **kwargs):
 
         # raise an error if the metavar does not match the type
         if hasattr(self, "_get_formatter"):
+            formatter = self._get_formatter()
             try:
-                self._get_formatter()._format_args(action, None)
+                formatter._format_args(action, None)
             except TypeError:
                 raise ValueError("length of metavar tuple does not match nargs")
-
+        self._check_help(action)
         return self._add_action(action)
 
     def add_argument_group(self, *args, **kwargs):
@@ -1505,7 +1542,11 @@ def _add_container_actions(self, container):
         # NOTE: if add_mutually_exclusive_group ever gains title= and
         # description= then this code will need to be expanded as above
         for group in container._mutually_exclusive_groups:
-            mutex_group = self.add_mutually_exclusive_group(
+            if group._container is container:
+                cont = self
+            else:
+                cont = title_group_map[group._container.title]
+            mutex_group = cont.add_mutually_exclusive_group(
                 required=group.required)
 
             # map the actions to their new mutex group
@@ -1524,9 +1565,10 @@ def _get_positional_kwargs(self, dest, **kwargs):
 
         # mark positional arguments as required if at least one is
         # always required
-        if kwargs.get('nargs') not in [OPTIONAL, ZERO_OR_MORE]:
-            kwargs['required'] = True
-        if kwargs.get('nargs') == ZERO_OR_MORE and 'default' not in kwargs:
+        nargs = kwargs.get('nargs')
+        if nargs == 0:
+            raise ValueError('nargs for positionals must be != 0')
+        if nargs not in [OPTIONAL, ZERO_OR_MORE, REMAINDER, SUPPRESS]:
             kwargs['required'] = True
 
         # return the keyword arguments with no option strings
@@ -1616,10 +1658,26 @@ def _handle_conflict_resolve(self, action, conflicting_actions):
             if not action.option_strings:
                 action.container._remove_action(action)
 
+    def _check_help(self, action):
+        if action.help and hasattr(self, "_get_formatter"):
+            formatter = self._get_formatter()
+            try:
+                formatter._expand_help(action)
+            except (ValueError, TypeError, KeyError) as exc:
+                raise ValueError('badly formed help string') from exc
+
 
 class _ArgumentGroup(_ActionsContainer):
 
     def __init__(self, container, title=None, description=None, **kwargs):
+        if 'prefix_chars' in kwargs:
+            import warnings
+            depr_msg = (
+                "The use of the undocumented 'prefix_chars' parameter in "
+                "ArgumentParser.add_argument_group() is deprecated."
+            )
+            warnings.warn(depr_msg, DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=3)
+
         # add any missing keyword arguments by checking the container
         update = kwargs.setdefault
         update('conflict_handler', container.conflict_handler)
@@ -1689,6 +1747,28 @@ def add_mutually_exclusive_group(self, *args, **kwargs):
         return super().add_mutually_exclusive_group(*args, **kwargs)
 
 
+def _prog_name(prog=None):
+    if prog is not None:
+        return prog
+    arg0 = _sys.argv[0]
+    try:
+        modspec = _sys.modules['__main__'].__spec__
+    except (KeyError, AttributeError):
+        # possibly PYTHONSTARTUP or -X presite or other weird edge case
+        # no good answer here, so fall back to the default
+        modspec = None
+    if modspec is None:
+        # simple script
+        return _os.path.basename(arg0)
+    py = _os.path.basename(_sys.executable)
+    if modspec.name != '__main__':
+        # imported module or package
+        modname = modspec.name.removesuffix('.__main__')
+        return f'{py} -m {modname}'
+    # directory or ZIP file
+    return f'{py} {arg0}'
+
+
 class ArgumentParser(_AttributeHolder, _ActionsContainer):
     """Object for parsing command line strings into Python objects.
 
@@ -1709,6 +1789,8 @@ class ArgumentParser(_AttributeHolder, _ActionsContainer):
         - allow_abbrev -- Allow long options to be abbreviated unambiguously
         - exit_on_error -- Determines whether or not ArgumentParser exits with
             error info when an error occurs
+        - suggest_on_error - Enables suggestions for mistyped argument choices
+            and subparser names. (default: ``False``)
     """
 
     def __init__(self,
@@ -1724,7 +1806,8 @@ def __init__(self,
                  conflict_handler='error',
                  add_help=True,
                  allow_abbrev=True,
-                 exit_on_error=True):
+                 exit_on_error=True,
+                 suggest_on_error=False):
 
         superinit = super(ArgumentParser, self).__init__
         superinit(description=description,
@@ -1732,11 +1815,7 @@ def __init__(self,
                   argument_default=argument_default,
                   conflict_handler=conflict_handler)
 
-        # default setting for prog
-        if prog is None:
-            prog = _os.path.basename(_sys.argv[0])
-
-        self.prog = prog
+        self.prog = _prog_name(prog)
         self.usage = usage
         self.epilog = epilog
         self.formatter_class = formatter_class
@@ -1744,6 +1823,7 @@ def __init__(self,
         self.add_help = add_help
         self.allow_abbrev = allow_abbrev
         self.exit_on_error = exit_on_error
+        self.suggest_on_error = suggest_on_error
 
         add_group = self.add_argument_group
         self._positionals = add_group(_('positional arguments'))
@@ -1791,14 +1871,14 @@ def _get_kwargs(self):
     # ==================================
     def add_subparsers(self, **kwargs):
         if self._subparsers is not None:
-            self.error(_('cannot have multiple subparser arguments'))
+            raise ArgumentError(None, _('cannot have multiple subparser arguments'))
 
         # add the parser class to the arguments if it's not present
         kwargs.setdefault('parser_class', type(self))
 
         if 'title' in kwargs or 'description' in kwargs:
-            title = _(kwargs.pop('title', 'subcommands'))
-            description = _(kwargs.pop('description', None))
+            title = kwargs.pop('title', _('subcommands'))
+            description = kwargs.pop('description', None)
             self._subparsers = self.add_argument_group(title, description)
         else:
             self._subparsers = self._positionals
@@ -1815,6 +1895,7 @@ def add_subparsers(self, **kwargs):
         # create the parsers action and add it to the positionals list
         parsers_class = self._pop_action_class(kwargs, 'parsers')
         action = parsers_class(option_strings=[], **kwargs)
+        self._check_help(action)
         self._subparsers._add_action(action)
 
         # return the created parsers action
@@ -1843,11 +1924,17 @@ def _get_positional_actions(self):
     def parse_args(self, args=None, namespace=None):
         args, argv = self.parse_known_args(args, namespace)
         if argv:
-            msg = _('unrecognized arguments: %s')
-            self.error(msg % ' '.join(argv))
+            msg = _('unrecognized arguments: %s') % ' '.join(argv)
+            if self.exit_on_error:
+                self.error(msg)
+            else:
+                raise ArgumentError(None, msg)
         return args
 
     def parse_known_args(self, args=None, namespace=None):
+        return self._parse_known_args2(args, namespace, intermixed=False)
+
+    def _parse_known_args2(self, args, namespace, intermixed):
         if args is None:
             # args default to the system args
             args = _sys.argv[1:]
@@ -1874,18 +1961,18 @@ def parse_known_args(self, args=None, namespace=None):
         # parse the arguments and exit if there are any errors
         if self.exit_on_error:
             try:
-                namespace, args = self._parse_known_args(args, namespace)
+                namespace, args = self._parse_known_args(args, namespace, intermixed)
             except ArgumentError as err:
                 self.error(str(err))
         else:
-            namespace, args = self._parse_known_args(args, namespace)
+            namespace, args = self._parse_known_args(args, namespace, intermixed)
 
         if hasattr(namespace, _UNRECOGNIZED_ARGS_ATTR):
             args.extend(getattr(namespace, _UNRECOGNIZED_ARGS_ATTR))
             delattr(namespace, _UNRECOGNIZED_ARGS_ATTR)
         return namespace, args
 
-    def _parse_known_args(self, arg_strings, namespace):
+    def _parse_known_args(self, arg_strings, namespace, intermixed):
         # replace arg strings that are file references
         if self.fromfile_prefix_chars is not None:
             arg_strings = self._read_args_from_files(arg_strings)
@@ -1917,11 +2004,11 @@ def _parse_known_args(self, arg_strings, namespace):
             # otherwise, add the arg to the arg strings
             # and note the index if it was an option
             else:
-                option_tuple = self._parse_optional(arg_string)
-                if option_tuple is None:
+                option_tuples = self._parse_optional(arg_string)
+                if option_tuples is None:
                     pattern = 'A'
                 else:
-                    option_string_indices[i] = option_tuple
+                    option_string_indices[i] = option_tuples
                     pattern = 'O'
                 arg_string_pattern_parts.append(pattern)
 
@@ -1938,9 +2025,8 @@ def take_action(action, argument_strings, option_string=None):
             argument_values = self._get_values(action, argument_strings)
 
             # error if this argument is not allowed with other previously
-            # seen arguments, assuming that actions that use the default
-            # value don't really count as "present"
-            if argument_values is not action.default:
+            # seen arguments
+            if action.option_strings or argument_strings:
                 seen_non_default_actions.add(action)
                 for conflict_action in action_conflicts.get(action, []):
                     if conflict_action in seen_non_default_actions:
@@ -1957,8 +2043,16 @@ def take_action(action, argument_strings, option_string=None):
         def consume_optional(start_index):
 
             # get the optional identified at this index
-            option_tuple = option_string_indices[start_index]
-            action, option_string, sep, explicit_arg = option_tuple
+            option_tuples = option_string_indices[start_index]
+            # if multiple actions match, the option string was ambiguous
+            if len(option_tuples) > 1:
+                options = ', '.join([option_string
+                    for action, option_string, sep, explicit_arg in option_tuples])
+                args = {'option': arg_strings[start_index], 'matches': options}
+                msg = _('ambiguous option: %(option)s could match %(matches)s')
+                raise ArgumentError(None, msg % args)
+
+            action, option_string, sep, explicit_arg = option_tuples[0]
 
             # identify additional optionals in the same arg string
             # (e.g. -xyz is the same as -x -y -z if no args are required)
@@ -1969,6 +2063,7 @@ def consume_optional(start_index):
                 # if we found no optional action, skip it
                 if action is None:
                     extras.append(arg_strings[start_index])
+                    extras_pattern.append('O')
                     return start_index + 1
 
                 # if there is an explicit argument, try to match the
@@ -2004,6 +2099,7 @@ def consume_optional(start_index):
                                 sep = ''
                         else:
                             extras.append(char + explicit_arg)
+                            extras_pattern.append('O')
                             stop = start_index + 1
                             break
                     # if the action expect exactly one argument, we've
@@ -2058,6 +2154,15 @@ def consume_positionals(start_index):
             # and add the Positional and its args to the list
             for action, arg_count in zip(positionals, arg_counts):
                 args = arg_strings[start_index: start_index + arg_count]
+                # Strip out the first '--' if it is not in REMAINDER arg.
+                if action.nargs == PARSER:
+                    if arg_strings_pattern[start_index] == '-':
+                        assert args[0] == '--'
+                        args.remove('--')
+                elif action.nargs != REMAINDER:
+                    if (arg_strings_pattern.find('-', start_index,
+                                                 start_index + arg_count) >= 0):
+                        args.remove('--')
                 start_index += arg_count
                 if args and action.deprecated and action.dest not in warned:
                     self._warning(_("argument '%(argument_name)s' is deprecated") %
@@ -2073,6 +2178,7 @@ def consume_positionals(start_index):
         # consume Positionals and Optionals alternately, until we have
         # passed the last option string
         extras = []
+        extras_pattern = []
         start_index = 0
         if option_string_indices:
             max_option_string_index = max(option_string_indices)
@@ -2086,7 +2192,7 @@ def consume_positionals(start_index):
                 if next_option_string_index in option_string_indices:
                     break
                 next_option_string_index += 1
-            if start_index != next_option_string_index:
+            if not intermixed and start_index != next_option_string_index:
                 positionals_end_index = consume_positionals(start_index)
 
                 # only try to parse the next optional if we didn't consume
@@ -2102,16 +2208,35 @@ def consume_positionals(start_index):
             if start_index not in option_string_indices:
                 strings = arg_strings[start_index:next_option_string_index]
                 extras.extend(strings)
+                extras_pattern.extend(arg_strings_pattern[start_index:next_option_string_index])
                 start_index = next_option_string_index
 
             # consume the next optional and any arguments for it
             start_index = consume_optional(start_index)
 
-        # consume any positionals following the last Optional
-        stop_index = consume_positionals(start_index)
+        if not intermixed:
+            # consume any positionals following the last Optional
+            stop_index = consume_positionals(start_index)
 
-        # if we didn't consume all the argument strings, there were extras
-        extras.extend(arg_strings[stop_index:])
+            # if we didn't consume all the argument strings, there were extras
+            extras.extend(arg_strings[stop_index:])
+        else:
+            extras.extend(arg_strings[start_index:])
+            extras_pattern.extend(arg_strings_pattern[start_index:])
+            extras_pattern = ''.join(extras_pattern)
+            assert len(extras_pattern) == len(extras)
+            # consume all positionals
+            arg_strings = [s for s, c in zip(extras, extras_pattern) if c != 'O']
+            arg_strings_pattern = extras_pattern.replace('O', '')
+            stop_index = consume_positionals(0)
+            # leave unknown optionals and non-consumed positionals in extras
+            for i, c in enumerate(extras_pattern):
+                if not stop_index:
+                    break
+                if c != 'O':
+                    stop_index -= 1
+                    extras[i] = None
+            extras = [s for s in extras if s is not None]
 
         # make sure all required actions were present and also convert
         # action defaults which were not given as arguments
@@ -2133,7 +2258,7 @@ def consume_positionals(start_index):
                                 self._get_value(action, action.default))
 
         if required_actions:
-            self.error(_('the following arguments are required: %s') %
+            raise ArgumentError(None, _('the following arguments are required: %s') %
                        ', '.join(required_actions))
 
         # make sure all required groups had one option present
@@ -2149,7 +2274,7 @@ def consume_positionals(start_index):
                              for action in group._group_actions
                              if action.help is not SUPPRESS]
                     msg = _('one of the arguments %s is required')
-                    self.error(msg % ' '.join(names))
+                    raise ArgumentError(None, msg % ' '.join(names))
 
         # return the updated namespace and the extra arguments
         return namespace, extras
@@ -2176,7 +2301,7 @@ def _read_args_from_files(self, arg_strings):
                         arg_strings = self._read_args_from_files(arg_strings)
                         new_arg_strings.extend(arg_strings)
                 except OSError as err:
-                    self.error(str(err))
+                    raise ArgumentError(None, str(err))
 
         # return the modified argument list
         return new_arg_strings
@@ -2209,18 +2334,19 @@ def _match_argument(self, action, arg_strings_pattern):
     def _match_arguments_partial(self, actions, arg_strings_pattern):
         # progressively shorten the actions list by slicing off the
         # final actions until we find a match
-        result = []
         for i in range(len(actions), 0, -1):
             actions_slice = actions[:i]
             pattern = ''.join([self._get_nargs_pattern(action)
                                for action in actions_slice])
             match = _re.match(pattern, arg_strings_pattern)
             if match is not None:
-                result.extend([len(string) for string in match.groups()])
-                break
-
-        # return the list of arg string counts
-        return result
+                result = [len(string) for string in match.groups()]
+                if (match.end() < len(arg_strings_pattern)
+                    and arg_strings_pattern[match.end()] == 'O'):
+                    while result and not result[-1]:
+                        del result[-1]
+                return result
+        return []
 
     def _parse_optional(self, arg_string):
         # if it's an empty string, it was meant to be a positional
@@ -2234,7 +2360,7 @@ def _parse_optional(self, arg_string):
         # if the option string is present in the parser, return the action
         if arg_string in self._option_string_actions:
             action = self._option_string_actions[arg_string]
-            return action, arg_string, None, None
+            return [(action, arg_string, None, None)]
 
         # if it's just a single character, it was meant to be positional
         if len(arg_string) == 1:
@@ -2244,25 +2370,14 @@ def _parse_optional(self, arg_string):
         option_string, sep, explicit_arg = arg_string.partition('=')
         if sep and option_string in self._option_string_actions:
             action = self._option_string_actions[option_string]
-            return action, option_string, sep, explicit_arg
+            return [(action, option_string, sep, explicit_arg)]
 
         # search through all possible prefixes of the option string
         # and all actions in the parser for possible interpretations
         option_tuples = self._get_option_tuples(arg_string)
 
-        # if multiple actions match, the option string was ambiguous
-        if len(option_tuples) > 1:
-            options = ', '.join([option_string
-                for action, option_string, sep, explicit_arg in option_tuples])
-            args = {'option': arg_string, 'matches': options}
-            msg = _('ambiguous option: %(option)s could match %(matches)s')
-            self.error(msg % args)
-
-        # if exactly one action matched, this segmentation is good,
-        # so return the parsed action
-        elif len(option_tuples) == 1:
-            option_tuple, = option_tuples
-            return option_tuple
+        if option_tuples:
+            return option_tuples
 
         # if it was not found as an option, but it looks like a negative
         # number, it was meant to be positional
@@ -2277,7 +2392,7 @@ def _parse_optional(self, arg_string):
 
         # it was meant to be an optional but there is no such option
         # in this parser (though it might be a valid option in a subparser)
-        return None, arg_string, None, None
+        return [(None, arg_string, None, None)]
 
     def _get_option_tuples(self, option_string):
         result = []
@@ -2300,7 +2415,9 @@ def _get_option_tuples(self, option_string):
         # but multiple character options always have to have their argument
         # separate
         elif option_string[0] in chars and option_string[1] not in chars:
-            option_prefix = option_string
+            option_prefix, sep, explicit_arg = option_string.partition('=')
+            if not sep:
+                sep = explicit_arg = None
             short_option_prefix = option_string[:2]
             short_explicit_arg = option_string[2:]
 
@@ -2309,14 +2426,14 @@ def _get_option_tuples(self, option_string):
                     action = self._option_string_actions[option_string]
                     tup = action, option_string, '', short_explicit_arg
                     result.append(tup)
-                elif option_string.startswith(option_prefix):
+                elif self.allow_abbrev and option_string.startswith(option_prefix):
                     action = self._option_string_actions[option_string]
-                    tup = action, option_string, None, None
+                    tup = action, option_string, sep, explicit_arg
                     result.append(tup)
 
         # shouldn't ever get here
         else:
-            self.error(_('unexpected option string: %s') % option_string)
+            raise ArgumentError(None, _('unexpected option string: %s') % option_string)
 
         # return the collected option tuples
         return result
@@ -2325,43 +2442,40 @@ def _get_nargs_pattern(self, action):
         # in all examples below, we have to allow for '--' args
         # which are represented as '-' in the pattern
         nargs = action.nargs
+        # if this is an optional action, -- is not allowed
+        option = action.option_strings
 
         # the default (None) is assumed to be a single argument
         if nargs is None:
-            nargs_pattern = '(-*A-*)'
+            nargs_pattern = '([A])' if option else '(-*A-*)'
 
         # allow zero or one arguments
         elif nargs == OPTIONAL:
-            nargs_pattern = '(-*A?-*)'
+            nargs_pattern = '(A?)' if option else '(-*A?-*)'
 
         # allow zero or more arguments
         elif nargs == ZERO_OR_MORE:
-            nargs_pattern = '(-*[A-]*)'
+            nargs_pattern = '(A*)' if option else '(-*[A-]*)'
 
         # allow one or more arguments
         elif nargs == ONE_OR_MORE:
-            nargs_pattern = '(-*A[A-]*)'
+            nargs_pattern = '(A+)' if option else '(-*A[A-]*)'
 
         # allow any number of options or arguments
         elif nargs == REMAINDER:
-            nargs_pattern = '([-AO]*)'
+            nargs_pattern = '([AO]*)' if option else '(.*)'
 
         # allow one argument followed by any number of options or arguments
         elif nargs == PARSER:
-            nargs_pattern = '(-*A[-AO]*)'
+            nargs_pattern = '(A[AO]*)' if option else '(-*A[-AO]*)'
 
         # suppress action, like nargs=0
         elif nargs == SUPPRESS:
-            nargs_pattern = '(-*-*)'
+            nargs_pattern = '()' if option else '(-*)'
 
         # all others should be integers
         else:
-            nargs_pattern = '(-*%s-*)' % '-*'.join('A' * nargs)
-
-        # if this is an optional action, -- is not allowed
-        if action.option_strings:
-            nargs_pattern = nargs_pattern.replace('-*', '')
-            nargs_pattern = nargs_pattern.replace('-', '')
+            nargs_pattern = '([AO]{%d})' % nargs if option else '((?:-*A){%d}-*)' % nargs
 
         # return the pattern
         return nargs_pattern
@@ -2373,8 +2487,11 @@ def _get_nargs_pattern(self, action):
     def parse_intermixed_args(self, args=None, namespace=None):
         args, argv = self.parse_known_intermixed_args(args, namespace)
         if argv:
-            msg = _('unrecognized arguments: %s')
-            self.error(msg % ' '.join(argv))
+            msg = _('unrecognized arguments: %s') % ' '.join(argv)
+            if self.exit_on_error:
+                self.error(msg)
+            else:
+                raise ArgumentError(None, msg)
         return args
 
     def parse_known_intermixed_args(self, args=None, namespace=None):
@@ -2385,10 +2502,6 @@ def parse_known_intermixed_args(self, args=None, namespace=None):
         # are then parsed.  If the parser definition is incompatible with the
         # intermixed assumptions (e.g. use of REMAINDER, subparsers) a
         # TypeError is raised.
-        #
-        # positionals are 'deactivated' by setting nargs and default to
-        # SUPPRESS.  This blocks the addition of that positional to the
-        # namespace
 
         positionals = self._get_positional_actions()
         a = [action for action in positionals
@@ -2397,80 +2510,20 @@ def parse_known_intermixed_args(self, args=None, namespace=None):
             raise TypeError('parse_intermixed_args: positional arg'
                             ' with nargs=%s'%a[0].nargs)
 
-        if [action.dest for group in self._mutually_exclusive_groups
-            for action in group._group_actions if action in positionals]:
-            raise TypeError('parse_intermixed_args: positional in'
-                            ' mutuallyExclusiveGroup')
-
-        try:
-            save_usage = self.usage
-            try:
-                if self.usage is None:
-                    # capture the full usage for use in error messages
-                    self.usage = self.format_usage()[7:]
-                for action in positionals:
-                    # deactivate positionals
-                    action.save_nargs = action.nargs
-                    # action.nargs = 0
-                    action.nargs = SUPPRESS
-                    action.save_default = action.default
-                    action.default = SUPPRESS
-                namespace, remaining_args = self.parse_known_args(args,
-                                                                  namespace)
-                for action in positionals:
-                    # remove the empty positional values from namespace
-                    if (hasattr(namespace, action.dest)
-                            and getattr(namespace, action.dest)==[]):
-                        from warnings import warn
-                        warn('Do not expect %s in %s' % (action.dest, namespace))
-                        delattr(namespace, action.dest)
-            finally:
-                # restore nargs and usage before exiting
-                for action in positionals:
-                    action.nargs = action.save_nargs
-                    action.default = action.save_default
-            optionals = self._get_optional_actions()
-            try:
-                # parse positionals.  optionals aren't normally required, but
-                # they could be, so make sure they aren't.
-                for action in optionals:
-                    action.save_required = action.required
-                    action.required = False
-                for group in self._mutually_exclusive_groups:
-                    group.save_required = group.required
-                    group.required = False
-                namespace, extras = self.parse_known_args(remaining_args,
-                                                          namespace)
-            finally:
-                # restore parser values before exiting
-                for action in optionals:
-                    action.required = action.save_required
-                for group in self._mutually_exclusive_groups:
-                    group.required = group.save_required
-        finally:
-            self.usage = save_usage
-        return namespace, extras
+        return self._parse_known_args2(args, namespace, intermixed=True)
 
     # ========================
     # Value conversion methods
     # ========================
     def _get_values(self, action, arg_strings):
-        # for everything but PARSER, REMAINDER args, strip out first '--'
-        if not action.option_strings and action.nargs not in [PARSER, REMAINDER]:
-            try:
-                arg_strings.remove('--')
-            except ValueError:
-                pass
-
         # optional argument produces a default when not present
         if not arg_strings and action.nargs == OPTIONAL:
             if action.option_strings:
                 value = action.const
             else:
                 value = action.default
-            if isinstance(value, str):
+            if isinstance(value, str) and value is not SUPPRESS:
                 value = self._get_value(action, value)
-                self._check_value(action, value)
 
         # when nargs='*' on a positional, if there were no command-line
         # args, use the default if it is anything other than None
@@ -2478,11 +2531,8 @@ def _get_values(self, action, arg_strings):
               not action.option_strings):
             if action.default is not None:
                 value = action.default
-                self._check_value(action, value)
             else:
-                # since arg_strings is always [] at this point
-                # there is no need to use self._check_value(action, value)
-                value = arg_strings
+                value = []
 
         # single argument or optional argument produces a single value
         elif len(arg_strings) == 1 and action.nargs in [None, OPTIONAL]:
@@ -2539,10 +2589,27 @@ def _get_value(self, action, arg_string):
 
     def _check_value(self, action, value):
         # converted value must be one of the choices (if specified)
-        if action.choices is not None and value not in action.choices:
-            args = {'value': value,
-                    'choices': ', '.join(map(repr, action.choices))}
+        choices = action.choices
+        if choices is None:
+            return
+
+        if isinstance(choices, str):
+            choices = iter(choices)
+
+        if value not in choices:
+            args = {'value': str(value),
+                    'choices': ', '.join(map(str, action.choices))}
             msg = _('invalid choice: %(value)r (choose from %(choices)s)')
+
+            if self.suggest_on_error and isinstance(value, str):
+                if all(isinstance(choice, str) for choice in action.choices):
+                    import difflib
+                    suggestions = difflib.get_close_matches(value, action.choices, 1)
+                    if suggestions:
+                        args['closest'] = suggestions[0]
+                        msg = _('invalid choice: %(value)r, maybe you meant %(closest)r? '
+                                '(choose from %(choices)s)')
+
             raise ArgumentError(action, msg % args)
 
     # =======================
diff --git a/Lib/ast.py b/Lib/ast.py
index fb4d21b87d8bd0..154d2c8c1f9ebb 100644
--- a/Lib/ast.py
+++ b/Lib/ast.py
@@ -422,6 +422,8 @@ def compare(
     might differ in whitespace or similar details.
     """
 
+    sentinel = object()  # handle the possibility of a missing attribute/field
+
     def _compare(a, b):
         # Compare two fields on an AST object, which may themselves be
         # AST objects, lists of AST objects, or primitive ASDL types
@@ -449,8 +451,14 @@ def _compare_fields(a, b):
         if a._fields != b._fields:
             return False
         for field in a._fields:
-            a_field = getattr(a, field)
-            b_field = getattr(b, field)
+            a_field = getattr(a, field, sentinel)
+            b_field = getattr(b, field, sentinel)
+            if a_field is sentinel and b_field is sentinel:
+                # both nodes are missing a field at runtime
+                continue
+            if a_field is sentinel or b_field is sentinel:
+                # one of the node is missing a field
+                return False
             if not _compare(a_field, b_field):
                 return False
         else:
@@ -461,8 +469,11 @@ def _compare_attributes(a, b):
             return False
         # Attributes are always ints.
         for attr in a._attributes:
-            a_attr = getattr(a, attr)
-            b_attr = getattr(b, attr)
+            a_attr = getattr(a, attr, sentinel)
+            b_attr = getattr(b, attr, sentinel)
+            if a_attr is sentinel and b_attr is sentinel:
+                # both nodes are missing an attribute at runtime
+                continue
             if a_attr != b_attr:
                 return False
         else:
@@ -1732,7 +1743,7 @@ def unparse(ast_obj):
 def main():
     import argparse
 
-    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='python -m ast')
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
     parser.add_argument('infile', nargs='?', default='-',
                         help='the file to parse; defaults to stdin')
     parser.add_argument('-m', '--mode', default='exec',
diff --git a/Lib/asyncio/__main__.py b/Lib/asyncio/__main__.py
index 91fff9aaee337b..95c636f9e02866 100644
--- a/Lib/asyncio/__main__.py
+++ b/Lib/asyncio/__main__.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import ast
 import asyncio
 import concurrent.futures
+import contextvars
 import inspect
 import os
 import site
@@ -22,6 +23,7 @@ def __init__(self, locals, loop):
         self.compile.compiler.flags |= ast.PyCF_ALLOW_TOP_LEVEL_AWAIT
 
         self.loop = loop
+        self.context = contextvars.copy_context()
 
     def runcode(self, code):
         global return_code
@@ -55,12 +57,12 @@ def callback():
                 return
 
             try:
-                repl_future = self.loop.create_task(coro)
+                repl_future = self.loop.create_task(coro, context=self.context)
                 futures._chain_future(repl_future, future)
             except BaseException as exc:
                 future.set_exception(exc)
 
-        loop.call_soon_threadsafe(callback)
+        loop.call_soon_threadsafe(callback, context=self.context)
 
         try:
             return future.result()
@@ -91,35 +93,24 @@ def run(self):
             console.write(banner)
 
             if startup_path := os.getenv("PYTHONSTARTUP"):
+                sys.audit("cpython.run_startup", startup_path)
+
                 import tokenize
                 with tokenize.open(startup_path) as f:
                     startup_code = compile(f.read(), startup_path, "exec")
                     exec(startup_code, console.locals)
 
             ps1 = getattr(sys, "ps1", ">>> ")
-            if can_colorize():
+            if can_colorize() and CAN_USE_PYREPL:
                 ps1 = f"{ANSIColors.BOLD_MAGENTA}{ps1}{ANSIColors.RESET}"
             console.write(f"{ps1}import asyncio\n")
 
-            try:
-                import errno
-                if os.getenv("PYTHON_BASIC_REPL"):
-                    raise RuntimeError("user environment requested basic REPL")
-                if not os.isatty(sys.stdin.fileno()):
-                    raise OSError(errno.ENOTTY, "tty required", "stdin")
-
-                # This import will fail on operating systems with no termios.
+            if CAN_USE_PYREPL:
                 from _pyrepl.simple_interact import (
-                    check,
                     run_multiline_interactive_console,
                 )
-                if err := check():
-                    raise RuntimeError(err)
-            except Exception as e:
-                console.interact(banner="", exitmsg=exit_message)
-            else:
                 try:
-                    run_multiline_interactive_console(console=console)
+                    run_multiline_interactive_console(console)
                 except SystemExit:
                     # expected via the `exit` and `quit` commands
                     pass
@@ -128,6 +119,8 @@ def run(self):
                     console.showtraceback()
                     console.write("Internal error, ")
                     return_code = 1
+            else:
+                console.interact(banner="", exitmsg="")
         finally:
             warnings.filterwarnings(
                 'ignore',
@@ -136,9 +129,23 @@ def run(self):
 
             loop.call_soon_threadsafe(loop.stop)
 
+    def interrupt(self) -> None:
+        if not CAN_USE_PYREPL:
+            return
+
+        from _pyrepl.simple_interact import _get_reader
+        r = _get_reader()
+        if r.threading_hook is not None:
+            r.threading_hook.add("")  # type: ignore
+
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
-    CAN_USE_PYREPL = True
+    sys.audit("cpython.run_stdin")
+
+    if os.getenv('PYTHON_BASIC_REPL'):
+        CAN_USE_PYREPL = False
+    else:
+        from _pyrepl.main import CAN_USE_PYREPL
 
     return_code = 0
     loop = asyncio.new_event_loop()
@@ -163,6 +170,7 @@ def run(self):
     interactive_hook = getattr(sys, "__interactivehook__", None)
 
     if interactive_hook is not None:
+        sys.audit("cpython.run_interactivehook", interactive_hook)
         interactive_hook()
 
     if interactive_hook is site.register_readline:
@@ -187,6 +195,7 @@ def run(self):
             keyboard_interrupted = True
             if repl_future and not repl_future.done():
                 repl_future.cancel()
+            repl_thread.interrupt()
             continue
         else:
             break
diff --git a/Lib/asyncio/base_events.py b/Lib/asyncio/base_events.py
index f0e690b61a73dd..5dbe4b28d236d3 100644
--- a/Lib/asyncio/base_events.py
+++ b/Lib/asyncio/base_events.py
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
 import collections.abc
 import concurrent.futures
 import errno
-import functools
 import heapq
 import itertools
 import os
@@ -837,7 +836,7 @@ def call_soon(self, callback, *args, context=None):
 
     def _check_callback(self, callback, method):
         if (coroutines.iscoroutine(callback) or
-                coroutines.iscoroutinefunction(callback)):
+                coroutines._iscoroutinefunction(callback)):
             raise TypeError(
                 f"coroutines cannot be used with {method}()")
         if not callable(callback):
@@ -1028,8 +1027,7 @@ async def _connect_sock(self, exceptions, addr_info, local_addr_infos=None):
                     except OSError as exc:
                         msg = (
                             f'error while attempting to bind on '
-                            f'address {laddr!r}: '
-                            f'{exc.strerror.lower()}'
+                            f'address {laddr!r}: {str(exc).lower()}'
                         )
                         exc = OSError(exc.errno, msg)
                         my_exceptions.append(exc)
@@ -1141,11 +1139,18 @@ async def create_connection(
                     except OSError:
                         continue
             else:  # using happy eyeballs
-                sock, _, _ = await staggered.staggered_race(
-                    (functools.partial(self._connect_sock,
-                                       exceptions, addrinfo, laddr_infos)
-                     for addrinfo in infos),
-                    happy_eyeballs_delay, loop=self)
+                sock = (await staggered.staggered_race(
+                    (
+                        # can't use functools.partial as it keeps a reference
+                        # to exceptions
+                        lambda addrinfo=addrinfo: self._connect_sock(
+                            exceptions, addrinfo, laddr_infos
+                        )
+                        for addrinfo in infos
+                    ),
+                    happy_eyeballs_delay,
+                    loop=self,
+                ))[0]  # can't use sock, _, _ as it keeks a reference to exceptions
 
             if sock is None:
                 exceptions = [exc for sub in exceptions for exc in sub]
@@ -1599,7 +1604,7 @@ async def create_server(
                     except OSError as err:
                         msg = ('error while attempting '
                                'to bind on address %r: %s'
-                               % (sa, err.strerror.lower()))
+                               % (sa, str(err).lower()))
                         if err.errno == errno.EADDRNOTAVAIL:
                             # Assume the family is not enabled (bpo-30945)
                             sockets.pop()
diff --git a/Lib/asyncio/base_subprocess.py b/Lib/asyncio/base_subprocess.py
index 6dbde2b696ad1f..9c2ba679ce2bf1 100644
--- a/Lib/asyncio/base_subprocess.py
+++ b/Lib/asyncio/base_subprocess.py
@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 import collections
 import subprocess
 import warnings
+import os
+import signal
+import sys
 
 from . import protocols
 from . import transports
@@ -142,17 +145,31 @@ def _check_proc(self):
         if self._proc is None:
             raise ProcessLookupError()
 
-    def send_signal(self, signal):
-        self._check_proc()
-        self._proc.send_signal(signal)
+    if sys.platform == 'win32':
+        def send_signal(self, signal):
+            self._check_proc()
+            self._proc.send_signal(signal)
+
+        def terminate(self):
+            self._check_proc()
+            self._proc.terminate()
+
+        def kill(self):
+            self._check_proc()
+            self._proc.kill()
+    else:
+        def send_signal(self, signal):
+            self._check_proc()
+            try:
+                os.kill(self._proc.pid, signal)
+            except ProcessLookupError:
+                pass
 
-    def terminate(self):
-        self._check_proc()
-        self._proc.terminate()
+        def terminate(self):
+            self.send_signal(signal.SIGTERM)
 
-    def kill(self):
-        self._check_proc()
-        self._proc.kill()
+        def kill(self):
+            self.send_signal(signal.SIGKILL)
 
     async def _connect_pipes(self, waiter):
         try:
diff --git a/Lib/asyncio/coroutines.py b/Lib/asyncio/coroutines.py
index ab4f30eb51ba2c..a51319cb72a6a9 100644
--- a/Lib/asyncio/coroutines.py
+++ b/Lib/asyncio/coroutines.py
@@ -18,7 +18,16 @@ def _is_debug_mode():
 
 
 def iscoroutinefunction(func):
+    import warnings
     """Return True if func is a decorated coroutine function."""
+    warnings._deprecated("asyncio.iscoroutinefunction",
+                         f"{warnings._DEPRECATED_MSG}; "
+                         "use inspect.iscoroutinefunction() instead",
+                         remove=(3,16))
+    return _iscoroutinefunction(func)
+
+
+def _iscoroutinefunction(func):
     return (inspect.iscoroutinefunction(func) or
             getattr(func, '_is_coroutine', None) is _is_coroutine)
 
diff --git a/Lib/asyncio/events.py b/Lib/asyncio/events.py
index be495469a0558b..b63fe6aa79604b 100644
--- a/Lib/asyncio/events.py
+++ b/Lib/asyncio/events.py
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@
     'Handle', 'TimerHandle',
     'get_event_loop_policy', 'set_event_loop_policy',
     'get_event_loop', 'set_event_loop', 'new_event_loop',
-    'get_child_watcher', 'set_child_watcher',
     '_set_running_loop', 'get_running_loop',
     '_get_running_loop',
 )
@@ -652,17 +651,6 @@ def new_event_loop(self):
         the current context, set_event_loop must be called explicitly."""
         raise NotImplementedError
 
-    # Child processes handling (Unix only).
-
-    def get_child_watcher(self):
-        "Get the watcher for child processes."
-        raise NotImplementedError
-
-    def set_child_watcher(self, watcher):
-        """Set the watcher for child processes."""
-        raise NotImplementedError
-
-
 class BaseDefaultEventLoopPolicy(AbstractEventLoopPolicy):
     """Default policy implementation for accessing the event loop.
 
@@ -837,17 +825,6 @@ def new_event_loop():
     return get_event_loop_policy().new_event_loop()
 
 
-def get_child_watcher():
-    """Equivalent to calling get_event_loop_policy().get_child_watcher()."""
-    return get_event_loop_policy().get_child_watcher()
-
-
-def set_child_watcher(watcher):
-    """Equivalent to calling
-    get_event_loop_policy().set_child_watcher(watcher)."""
-    return get_event_loop_policy().set_child_watcher(watcher)
-
-
 # Alias pure-Python implementations for testing purposes.
 _py__get_running_loop = _get_running_loop
 _py__set_running_loop = _set_running_loop
diff --git a/Lib/asyncio/futures.py b/Lib/asyncio/futures.py
index 9c1b5e49e1a70b..c95fce035cd548 100644
--- a/Lib/asyncio/futures.py
+++ b/Lib/asyncio/futures.py
@@ -43,7 +43,6 @@ class Future:
     - This class is not compatible with the wait() and as_completed()
       methods in the concurrent.futures package.
 
-    (In Python 3.4 or later we may be able to unify the implementations.)
     """
 
     # Class variables serving as defaults for instance variables.
@@ -61,7 +60,7 @@ class Future:
     #   the Future protocol (i.e. is intended to be duck-type compatible).
     #   The value must also be not-None, to enable a subclass to declare
     #   that it is not compatible by setting this to None.
-    # - It is set by __iter__() below so that Task._step() can tell
+    # - It is set by __iter__() below so that Task.__step() can tell
     #   the difference between
     #   `await Future()` or`yield from Future()` (correct) vs.
     #   `yield Future()` (incorrect).
@@ -191,8 +190,7 @@ def result(self):
         the future is done and has an exception set, this exception is raised.
         """
         if self._state == _CANCELLED:
-            exc = self._make_cancelled_error()
-            raise exc
+            raise self._make_cancelled_error()
         if self._state != _FINISHED:
             raise exceptions.InvalidStateError('Result is not ready.')
         self.__log_traceback = False
@@ -209,8 +207,7 @@ def exception(self):
         InvalidStateError.
         """
         if self._state == _CANCELLED:
-            exc = self._make_cancelled_error()
-            raise exc
+            raise self._make_cancelled_error()
         if self._state != _FINISHED:
             raise exceptions.InvalidStateError('Exception is not set.')
         self.__log_traceback = False
diff --git a/Lib/asyncio/locks.py b/Lib/asyncio/locks.py
index aaee8ff0702923..f2f8b7ec858096 100644
--- a/Lib/asyncio/locks.py
+++ b/Lib/asyncio/locks.py
@@ -341,9 +341,9 @@ def _notify(self, n):
                 fut.set_result(False)
 
     def notify_all(self):
-        """Wake up all threads waiting on this condition. This method acts
-        like notify(), but wakes up all waiting threads instead of one. If the
-        calling thread has not acquired the lock when this method is called,
+        """Wake up all tasks waiting on this condition. This method acts
+        like notify(), but wakes up all waiting tasks instead of one. If the
+        calling task has not acquired the lock when this method is called,
         a RuntimeError is raised.
         """
         self.notify(len(self._waiters))
diff --git a/Lib/asyncio/runners.py b/Lib/asyncio/runners.py
index 1b89236599aad7..0e63c34f60f4d9 100644
--- a/Lib/asyncio/runners.py
+++ b/Lib/asyncio/runners.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 import contextvars
 import enum
 import functools
+import inspect
 import threading
 import signal
 from . import coroutines
@@ -84,10 +85,7 @@ def get_loop(self):
         return self._loop
 
     def run(self, coro, *, context=None):
-        """Run a coroutine inside the embedded event loop."""
-        if not coroutines.iscoroutine(coro):
-            raise ValueError("a coroutine was expected, got {!r}".format(coro))
-
+        """Run code in the embedded event loop."""
         if events._get_running_loop() is not None:
             # fail fast with short traceback
             raise RuntimeError(
@@ -95,8 +93,19 @@ def run(self, coro, *, context=None):
 
         self._lazy_init()
 
+        if not coroutines.iscoroutine(coro):
+            if inspect.isawaitable(coro):
+                async def _wrap_awaitable(awaitable):
+                    return await awaitable
+
+                coro = _wrap_awaitable(coro)
+            else:
+                raise TypeError('An asyncio.Future, a coroutine or an '
+                                'awaitable is required')
+
         if context is None:
             context = self._context
+
         task = self._loop.create_task(coro, context=context)
 
         if (threading.current_thread() is threading.main_thread()
diff --git a/Lib/asyncio/sslproto.py b/Lib/asyncio/sslproto.py
index fa99d4533aa0a6..74c5f0d5ca0609 100644
--- a/Lib/asyncio/sslproto.py
+++ b/Lib/asyncio/sslproto.py
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ def get_protocol(self):
         return self._ssl_protocol._app_protocol
 
     def is_closing(self):
-        return self._closed
+        return self._closed or self._ssl_protocol._is_transport_closing()
 
     def close(self):
         """Close the transport.
@@ -379,6 +379,9 @@ def _get_app_transport(self):
             self._app_transport_created = True
         return self._app_transport
 
+    def _is_transport_closing(self):
+        return self._transport is not None and self._transport.is_closing()
+
     def connection_made(self, transport):
         """Called when the low-level connection is made.
 
diff --git a/Lib/asyncio/staggered.py b/Lib/asyncio/staggered.py
index c3a7441a7b091d..0f4df8855a80b9 100644
--- a/Lib/asyncio/staggered.py
+++ b/Lib/asyncio/staggered.py
@@ -69,7 +69,11 @@ async def staggered_race(coro_fns, delay, *, loop=None):
     exceptions = []
     running_tasks = []
 
-    async def run_one_coro(previous_failed) -> None:
+    async def run_one_coro(ok_to_start, previous_failed) -> None:
+        # in eager tasks this waits for the calling task to append this task
+        # to running_tasks, in regular tasks this wait is a no-op that does
+        # not yield a future. See gh-124309.
+        await ok_to_start.wait()
         # Wait for the previous task to finish, or for delay seconds
         if previous_failed is not None:
             with contextlib.suppress(exceptions_mod.TimeoutError):
@@ -85,8 +89,12 @@ async def run_one_coro(previous_failed) -> None:
             return
         # Start task that will run the next coroutine
         this_failed = locks.Event()
-        next_task = loop.create_task(run_one_coro(this_failed))
+        next_ok_to_start = locks.Event()
+        next_task = loop.create_task(run_one_coro(next_ok_to_start, this_failed))
         running_tasks.append(next_task)
+        # next_task has been appended to running_tasks so next_task is ok to
+        # start.
+        next_ok_to_start.set()
         assert len(running_tasks) == this_index + 2
         # Prepare place to put this coroutine's exceptions if not won
         exceptions.append(None)
@@ -116,8 +124,11 @@ async def run_one_coro(previous_failed) -> None:
                 if i != this_index:
                     t.cancel()
 
-    first_task = loop.create_task(run_one_coro(None))
+    ok_to_start = locks.Event()
+    first_task = loop.create_task(run_one_coro(ok_to_start, None))
     running_tasks.append(first_task)
+    # first_task has been appended to running_tasks so first_task is ok to start.
+    ok_to_start.set()
     try:
         # Wait for a growing list of tasks to all finish: poor man's version of
         # curio's TaskGroup or trio's nursery
@@ -133,6 +144,7 @@ async def run_one_coro(previous_failed) -> None:
                         raise d.exception()
         return winner_result, winner_index, exceptions
     finally:
+        del exceptions
         # Make sure no tasks are left running if we leave this function
         for t in running_tasks:
             t.cancel()
diff --git a/Lib/asyncio/taskgroups.py b/Lib/asyncio/taskgroups.py
index f2ee9648c43876..9fa772ca9d02cc 100644
--- a/Lib/asyncio/taskgroups.py
+++ b/Lib/asyncio/taskgroups.py
@@ -66,6 +66,20 @@ async def __aenter__(self):
         return self
 
     async def __aexit__(self, et, exc, tb):
+        tb = None
+        try:
+            return await self._aexit(et, exc)
+        finally:
+            # Exceptions are heavy objects that can have object
+            # cycles (bad for GC); let's not keep a reference to
+            # a bunch of them. It would be nicer to use a try/finally
+            # in __aexit__ directly but that introduced some diff noise
+            self._parent_task = None
+            self._errors = None
+            self._base_error = None
+            exc = None
+
+    async def _aexit(self, et, exc):
         self._exiting = True
 
         if (exc is not None and
@@ -122,7 +136,10 @@ async def __aexit__(self, et, exc, tb):
         assert not self._tasks
 
         if self._base_error is not None:
-            raise self._base_error
+            try:
+                raise self._base_error
+            finally:
+                exc = None
 
         if self._parent_cancel_requested:
             # If this flag is set we *must* call uncancel().
@@ -133,8 +150,14 @@ async def __aexit__(self, et, exc, tb):
 
         # Propagate CancelledError if there is one, except if there
         # are other errors -- those have priority.
-        if propagate_cancellation_error is not None and not self._errors:
-            raise propagate_cancellation_error
+        try:
+            if propagate_cancellation_error is not None and not self._errors:
+                try:
+                    raise propagate_cancellation_error
+                finally:
+                    exc = None
+        finally:
+            propagate_cancellation_error = None
 
         if et is not None and not issubclass(et, exceptions.CancelledError):
             self._errors.append(exc)
@@ -146,14 +169,14 @@ async def __aexit__(self, et, exc, tb):
             if self._parent_task.cancelling():
                 self._parent_task.uncancel()
                 self._parent_task.cancel()
-            # Exceptions are heavy objects that can have object
-            # cycles (bad for GC); let's not keep a reference to
-            # a bunch of them.
             try:
-                me = BaseExceptionGroup('unhandled errors in a TaskGroup', self._errors)
-                raise me from None
+                raise BaseExceptionGroup(
+                    'unhandled errors in a TaskGroup',
+                    self._errors,
+                ) from None
             finally:
-                self._errors = None
+                exc = None
+
 
     def create_task(self, coro, *, name=None, context=None):
         """Create a new task in this group and return it.
diff --git a/Lib/asyncio/tasks.py b/Lib/asyncio/tasks.py
index dadcb5b5f36bd7..2112dd4b99d17f 100644
--- a/Lib/asyncio/tasks.py
+++ b/Lib/asyncio/tasks.py
@@ -48,23 +48,8 @@ def all_tasks(loop=None):
     # capturing the set of eager tasks first, so if an eager task "graduates"
     # to a regular task in another thread, we don't risk missing it.
     eager_tasks = list(_eager_tasks)
-    # Looping over the WeakSet isn't safe as it can be updated from another
-    # thread, therefore we cast it to list prior to filtering. The list cast
-    # itself requires iteration, so we repeat it several times ignoring
-    # RuntimeErrors (which are not very likely to occur).
-    # See issues 34970 and 36607 for details.
-    scheduled_tasks = None
-    i = 0
-    while True:
-        try:
-            scheduled_tasks = list(_scheduled_tasks)
-        except RuntimeError:
-            i += 1
-            if i >= 1000:
-                raise
-        else:
-            break
-    return {t for t in itertools.chain(scheduled_tasks, eager_tasks)
+
+    return {t for t in itertools.chain(_scheduled_tasks, eager_tasks)
             if futures._get_loop(t) is loop and not t.done()}
 
 
@@ -281,7 +266,7 @@ def __eager_start(self):
     def __step(self, exc=None):
         if self.done():
             raise exceptions.InvalidStateError(
-                f'_step(): already done: {self!r}, {exc!r}')
+                f'__step(): already done: {self!r}, {exc!r}')
         if self._must_cancel:
             if not isinstance(exc, exceptions.CancelledError):
                 exc = self._make_cancelled_error()
@@ -379,7 +364,7 @@ def __wakeup(self, future):
         else:
             # Don't pass the value of `future.result()` explicitly,
             # as `Future.__iter__` and `Future.__await__` don't need it.
-            # If we call `_step(value, None)` instead of `_step()`,
+            # If we call `__step(value, None)` instead of `__step()`,
             # Python eval loop would use `.send(value)` method call,
             # instead of `__next__()`, which is slower for futures
             # that return non-generator iterators from their `__iter__`.
@@ -1097,14 +1082,14 @@ def _unregister_eager_task(task):
 _py_enter_task = _enter_task
 _py_leave_task = _leave_task
 _py_swap_current_task = _swap_current_task
-
+_py_all_tasks = all_tasks
 
 try:
     from _asyncio import (_register_task, _register_eager_task,
                           _unregister_task, _unregister_eager_task,
                           _enter_task, _leave_task, _swap_current_task,
                           _scheduled_tasks, _eager_tasks, _current_tasks,
-                          current_task)
+                          current_task, all_tasks)
 except ImportError:
     pass
 else:
@@ -1116,3 +1101,4 @@ def _unregister_eager_task(task):
     _c_enter_task = _enter_task
     _c_leave_task = _leave_task
     _c_swap_current_task = _swap_current_task
+    _c_all_tasks = all_tasks
diff --git a/Lib/asyncio/unix_events.py b/Lib/asyncio/unix_events.py
index 41ccf1b78fb93b..0227eb506c6016 100644
--- a/Lib/asyncio/unix_events.py
+++ b/Lib/asyncio/unix_events.py
@@ -28,9 +28,6 @@
 
 __all__ = (
     'SelectorEventLoop',
-    'AbstractChildWatcher', 'SafeChildWatcher',
-    'FastChildWatcher', 'PidfdChildWatcher',
-    'MultiLoopChildWatcher', 'ThreadedChildWatcher',
     'DefaultEventLoopPolicy',
     'EventLoop',
 )
@@ -65,6 +62,10 @@ def __init__(self, selector=None):
         super().__init__(selector)
         self._signal_handlers = {}
         self._unix_server_sockets = {}
+        if can_use_pidfd():
+            self._watcher = _PidfdChildWatcher()
+        else:
+            self._watcher = _ThreadedChildWatcher()
 
     def close(self):
         super().close()
@@ -94,7 +95,7 @@ def add_signal_handler(self, sig, callback, *args):
         Raise RuntimeError if there is a problem setting up the handler.
         """
         if (coroutines.iscoroutine(callback) or
-                coroutines.iscoroutinefunction(callback)):
+                coroutines._iscoroutinefunction(callback)):
             raise TypeError("coroutines cannot be used "
                             "with add_signal_handler()")
         self._check_signal(sig)
@@ -197,33 +198,22 @@ def _make_write_pipe_transport(self, pipe, protocol, waiter=None,
     async def _make_subprocess_transport(self, protocol, args, shell,
                                          stdin, stdout, stderr, bufsize,
                                          extra=None, **kwargs):
-        with warnings.catch_warnings():
-            warnings.simplefilter('ignore', DeprecationWarning)
-            watcher = events.get_child_watcher()
-
-        with watcher:
-            if not watcher.is_active():
-                # Check early.
-                # Raising exception before process creation
-                # prevents subprocess execution if the watcher
-                # is not ready to handle it.
-                raise RuntimeError("asyncio.get_child_watcher() is not activated, "
-                                "subprocess support is not installed.")
-            waiter = self.create_future()
-            transp = _UnixSubprocessTransport(self, protocol, args, shell,
-                                            stdin, stdout, stderr, bufsize,
-                                            waiter=waiter, extra=extra,
-                                            **kwargs)
-            watcher.add_child_handler(transp.get_pid(),
-                                    self._child_watcher_callback, transp)
-            try:
-                await waiter
-            except (SystemExit, KeyboardInterrupt):
-                raise
-            except BaseException:
-                transp.close()
-                await transp._wait()
-                raise
+        watcher = self._watcher
+        waiter = self.create_future()
+        transp = _UnixSubprocessTransport(self, protocol, args, shell,
+                                        stdin, stdout, stderr, bufsize,
+                                        waiter=waiter, extra=extra,
+                                        **kwargs)
+        watcher.add_child_handler(transp.get_pid(),
+                                self._child_watcher_callback, transp)
+        try:
+            await waiter
+        except (SystemExit, KeyboardInterrupt):
+            raise
+        except BaseException:
+            transp.close()
+            await transp._wait()
+            raise
 
         return transp
 
@@ -865,93 +855,7 @@ def _start(self, args, shell, stdin, stdout, stderr, bufsize, **kwargs):
                 stdin_w.close()
 
 
-class AbstractChildWatcher:
-    """Abstract base class for monitoring child processes.
-
-    Objects derived from this class monitor a collection of subprocesses and
-    report their termination or interruption by a signal.
-
-    New callbacks are registered with .add_child_handler(). Starting a new
-    process must be done within a 'with' block to allow the watcher to suspend
-    its activity until the new process if fully registered (this is needed to
-    prevent a race condition in some implementations).
-
-    Example:
-        with watcher:
-            proc = subprocess.Popen("sleep 1")
-            watcher.add_child_handler(proc.pid, callback)
-
-    Notes:
-        Implementations of this class must be thread-safe.
-
-        Since child watcher objects may catch the SIGCHLD signal and call
-        waitpid(-1), there should be only one active object per process.
-    """
-
-    def __init_subclass__(cls) -> None:
-        if cls.__module__ != __name__:
-            warnings._deprecated("AbstractChildWatcher",
-                             "{name!r} is deprecated as of Python 3.12 and will be "
-                             "removed in Python {remove}.",
-                              remove=(3, 14))
-
-    def add_child_handler(self, pid, callback, *args):
-        """Register a new child handler.
-
-        Arrange for callback(pid, returncode, *args) to be called when
-        process 'pid' terminates. Specifying another callback for the same
-        process replaces the previous handler.
-
-        Note: callback() must be thread-safe.
-        """
-        raise NotImplementedError()
-
-    def remove_child_handler(self, pid):
-        """Removes the handler for process 'pid'.
-
-        The function returns True if the handler was successfully removed,
-        False if there was nothing to remove."""
-
-        raise NotImplementedError()
-
-    def attach_loop(self, loop):
-        """Attach the watcher to an event loop.
-
-        If the watcher was previously attached to an event loop, then it is
-        first detached before attaching to the new loop.
-
-        Note: loop may be None.
-        """
-        raise NotImplementedError()
-
-    def close(self):
-        """Close the watcher.
-
-        This must be called to make sure that any underlying resource is freed.
-        """
-        raise NotImplementedError()
-
-    def is_active(self):
-        """Return ``True`` if the watcher is active and is used by the event loop.
-
-        Return True if the watcher is installed and ready to handle process exit
-        notifications.
-
-        """
-        raise NotImplementedError()
-
-    def __enter__(self):
-        """Enter the watcher's context and allow starting new processes
-
-        This function must return self"""
-        raise NotImplementedError()
-
-    def __exit__(self, a, b, c):
-        """Exit the watcher's context"""
-        raise NotImplementedError()
-
-
-class PidfdChildWatcher(AbstractChildWatcher):
+class _PidfdChildWatcher:
     """Child watcher implementation using Linux's pid file descriptors.
 
     This child watcher polls process file descriptors (pidfds) to await child
@@ -963,21 +867,6 @@ class PidfdChildWatcher(AbstractChildWatcher):
     recent (5.3+) kernels.
     """
 
-    def __enter__(self):
-        return self
-
-    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback):
-        pass
-
-    def is_active(self):
-        return True
-
-    def close(self):
-        pass
-
-    def attach_loop(self, loop):
-        pass
-
     def add_child_handler(self, pid, callback, *args):
         loop = events.get_running_loop()
         pidfd = os.pidfd_open(pid)
@@ -1002,386 +891,7 @@ def _do_wait(self, pid, pidfd, callback, args):
         os.close(pidfd)
         callback(pid, returncode, *args)
 
-    def remove_child_handler(self, pid):
-        # asyncio never calls remove_child_handler() !!!
-        # The method is no-op but is implemented because
-        # abstract base classes require it.
-        return True
-
-
-class BaseChildWatcher(AbstractChildWatcher):
-
-    def __init__(self):
-        self._loop = None
-        self._callbacks = {}
-
-    def close(self):
-        self.attach_loop(None)
-
-    def is_active(self):
-        return self._loop is not None and self._loop.is_running()
-
-    def _do_waitpid(self, expected_pid):
-        raise NotImplementedError()
-
-    def _do_waitpid_all(self):
-        raise NotImplementedError()
-
-    def attach_loop(self, loop):
-        assert loop is None or isinstance(loop, events.AbstractEventLoop)
-
-        if self._loop is not None and loop is None and self._callbacks:
-            warnings.warn(
-                'A loop is being detached '
-                'from a child watcher with pending handlers',
-                RuntimeWarning)
-
-        if self._loop is not None:
-            self._loop.remove_signal_handler(signal.SIGCHLD)
-
-        self._loop = loop
-        if loop is not None:
-            loop.add_signal_handler(signal.SIGCHLD, self._sig_chld)
-
-            # Prevent a race condition in case a child terminated
-            # during the switch.
-            self._do_waitpid_all()
-
-    def _sig_chld(self):
-        try:
-            self._do_waitpid_all()
-        except (SystemExit, KeyboardInterrupt):
-            raise
-        except BaseException as exc:
-            # self._loop should always be available here
-            # as '_sig_chld' is added as a signal handler
-            # in 'attach_loop'
-            self._loop.call_exception_handler({
-                'message': 'Unknown exception in SIGCHLD handler',
-                'exception': exc,
-            })
-
-
-class SafeChildWatcher(BaseChildWatcher):
-    """'Safe' child watcher implementation.
-
-    This implementation avoids disrupting other code spawning processes by
-    polling explicitly each process in the SIGCHLD handler instead of calling
-    os.waitpid(-1).
-
-    This is a safe solution but it has a significant overhead when handling a
-    big number of children (O(n) each time SIGCHLD is raised)
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self):
-        super().__init__()
-        warnings._deprecated("SafeChildWatcher",
-                             "{name!r} is deprecated as of Python 3.12 and will be "
-                             "removed in Python {remove}.",
-                              remove=(3, 14))
-
-    def close(self):
-        self._callbacks.clear()
-        super().close()
-
-    def __enter__(self):
-        return self
-
-    def __exit__(self, a, b, c):
-        pass
-
-    def add_child_handler(self, pid, callback, *args):
-        self._callbacks[pid] = (callback, args)
-
-        # Prevent a race condition in case the child is already terminated.
-        self._do_waitpid(pid)
-
-    def remove_child_handler(self, pid):
-        try:
-            del self._callbacks[pid]
-            return True
-        except KeyError:
-            return False
-
-    def _do_waitpid_all(self):
-
-        for pid in list(self._callbacks):
-            self._do_waitpid(pid)
-
-    def _do_waitpid(self, expected_pid):
-        assert expected_pid > 0
-
-        try:
-            pid, status = os.waitpid(expected_pid, os.WNOHANG)
-        except ChildProcessError:
-            # The child process is already reaped
-            # (may happen if waitpid() is called elsewhere).
-            pid = expected_pid
-            returncode = 255
-            logger.warning(
-                "Unknown child process pid %d, will report returncode 255",
-                pid)
-        else:
-            if pid == 0:
-                # The child process is still alive.
-                return
-
-            returncode = waitstatus_to_exitcode(status)
-            if self._loop.get_debug():
-                logger.debug('process %s exited with returncode %s',
-                             expected_pid, returncode)
-
-        try:
-            callback, args = self._callbacks.pop(pid)
-        except KeyError:  # pragma: no cover
-            # May happen if .remove_child_handler() is called
-            # after os.waitpid() returns.
-            if self._loop.get_debug():
-                logger.warning("Child watcher got an unexpected pid: %r",
-                               pid, exc_info=True)
-        else:
-            callback(pid, returncode, *args)
-
-
-class FastChildWatcher(BaseChildWatcher):
-    """'Fast' child watcher implementation.
-
-    This implementation reaps every terminated processes by calling
-    os.waitpid(-1) directly, possibly breaking other code spawning processes
-    and waiting for their termination.
-
-    There is no noticeable overhead when handling a big number of children
-    (O(1) each time a child terminates).
-    """
-    def __init__(self):
-        super().__init__()
-        self._lock = threading.Lock()
-        self._zombies = {}
-        self._forks = 0
-        warnings._deprecated("FastChildWatcher",
-                             "{name!r} is deprecated as of Python 3.12 and will be "
-                             "removed in Python {remove}.",
-                              remove=(3, 14))
-
-    def close(self):
-        self._callbacks.clear()
-        self._zombies.clear()
-        super().close()
-
-    def __enter__(self):
-        with self._lock:
-            self._forks += 1
-
-            return self
-
-    def __exit__(self, a, b, c):
-        with self._lock:
-            self._forks -= 1
-
-            if self._forks or not self._zombies:
-                return
-
-            collateral_victims = str(self._zombies)
-            self._zombies.clear()
-
-        logger.warning(
-            "Caught subprocesses termination from unknown pids: %s",
-            collateral_victims)
-
-    def add_child_handler(self, pid, callback, *args):
-        assert self._forks, "Must use the context manager"
-
-        with self._lock:
-            try:
-                returncode = self._zombies.pop(pid)
-            except KeyError:
-                # The child is running.
-                self._callbacks[pid] = callback, args
-                return
-
-        # The child is dead already. We can fire the callback.
-        callback(pid, returncode, *args)
-
-    def remove_child_handler(self, pid):
-        try:
-            del self._callbacks[pid]
-            return True
-        except KeyError:
-            return False
-
-    def _do_waitpid_all(self):
-        # Because of signal coalescing, we must keep calling waitpid() as
-        # long as we're able to reap a child.
-        while True:
-            try:
-                pid, status = os.waitpid(-1, os.WNOHANG)
-            except ChildProcessError:
-                # No more child processes exist.
-                return
-            else:
-                if pid == 0:
-                    # A child process is still alive.
-                    return
-
-                returncode = waitstatus_to_exitcode(status)
-
-            with self._lock:
-                try:
-                    callback, args = self._callbacks.pop(pid)
-                except KeyError:
-                    # unknown child
-                    if self._forks:
-                        # It may not be registered yet.
-                        self._zombies[pid] = returncode
-                        if self._loop.get_debug():
-                            logger.debug('unknown process %s exited '
-                                         'with returncode %s',
-                                         pid, returncode)
-                        continue
-                    callback = None
-                else:
-                    if self._loop.get_debug():
-                        logger.debug('process %s exited with returncode %s',
-                                     pid, returncode)
-
-            if callback is None:
-                logger.warning(
-                    "Caught subprocess termination from unknown pid: "
-                    "%d -> %d", pid, returncode)
-            else:
-                callback(pid, returncode, *args)
-
-
-class MultiLoopChildWatcher(AbstractChildWatcher):
-    """A watcher that doesn't require running loop in the main thread.
-
-    This implementation registers a SIGCHLD signal handler on
-    instantiation (which may conflict with other code that
-    install own handler for this signal).
-
-    The solution is safe but it has a significant overhead when
-    handling a big number of processes (*O(n)* each time a
-    SIGCHLD is received).
-    """
-
-    # Implementation note:
-    # The class keeps compatibility with AbstractChildWatcher ABC
-    # To achieve this it has empty attach_loop() method
-    # and doesn't accept explicit loop argument
-    # for add_child_handler()/remove_child_handler()
-    # but retrieves the current loop by get_running_loop()
-
-    def __init__(self):
-        self._callbacks = {}
-        self._saved_sighandler = None
-        warnings._deprecated("MultiLoopChildWatcher",
-                             "{name!r} is deprecated as of Python 3.12 and will be "
-                             "removed in Python {remove}.",
-                              remove=(3, 14))
-
-    def is_active(self):
-        return self._saved_sighandler is not None
-
-    def close(self):
-        self._callbacks.clear()
-        if self._saved_sighandler is None:
-            return
-
-        handler = signal.getsignal(signal.SIGCHLD)
-        if handler != self._sig_chld:
-            logger.warning("SIGCHLD handler was changed by outside code")
-        else:
-            signal.signal(signal.SIGCHLD, self._saved_sighandler)
-        self._saved_sighandler = None
-
-    def __enter__(self):
-        return self
-
-    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
-        pass
-
-    def add_child_handler(self, pid, callback, *args):
-        loop = events.get_running_loop()
-        self._callbacks[pid] = (loop, callback, args)
-
-        # Prevent a race condition in case the child is already terminated.
-        self._do_waitpid(pid)
-
-    def remove_child_handler(self, pid):
-        try:
-            del self._callbacks[pid]
-            return True
-        except KeyError:
-            return False
-
-    def attach_loop(self, loop):
-        # Don't save the loop but initialize itself if called first time
-        # The reason to do it here is that attach_loop() is called from
-        # unix policy only for the main thread.
-        # Main thread is required for subscription on SIGCHLD signal
-        if self._saved_sighandler is not None:
-            return
-
-        self._saved_sighandler = signal.signal(signal.SIGCHLD, self._sig_chld)
-        if self._saved_sighandler is None:
-            logger.warning("Previous SIGCHLD handler was set by non-Python code, "
-                           "restore to default handler on watcher close.")
-            self._saved_sighandler = signal.SIG_DFL
-
-        # Set SA_RESTART to limit EINTR occurrences.
-        signal.siginterrupt(signal.SIGCHLD, False)
-
-    def _do_waitpid_all(self):
-        for pid in list(self._callbacks):
-            self._do_waitpid(pid)
-
-    def _do_waitpid(self, expected_pid):
-        assert expected_pid > 0
-
-        try:
-            pid, status = os.waitpid(expected_pid, os.WNOHANG)
-        except ChildProcessError:
-            # The child process is already reaped
-            # (may happen if waitpid() is called elsewhere).
-            pid = expected_pid
-            returncode = 255
-            logger.warning(
-                "Unknown child process pid %d, will report returncode 255",
-                pid)
-            debug_log = False
-        else:
-            if pid == 0:
-                # The child process is still alive.
-                return
-
-            returncode = waitstatus_to_exitcode(status)
-            debug_log = True
-        try:
-            loop, callback, args = self._callbacks.pop(pid)
-        except KeyError:  # pragma: no cover
-            # May happen if .remove_child_handler() is called
-            # after os.waitpid() returns.
-            logger.warning("Child watcher got an unexpected pid: %r",
-                           pid, exc_info=True)
-        else:
-            if loop.is_closed():
-                logger.warning("Loop %r that handles pid %r is closed", loop, pid)
-            else:
-                if debug_log and loop.get_debug():
-                    logger.debug('process %s exited with returncode %s',
-                                 expected_pid, returncode)
-                loop.call_soon_threadsafe(callback, pid, returncode, *args)
-
-    def _sig_chld(self, signum, frame):
-        try:
-            self._do_waitpid_all()
-        except (SystemExit, KeyboardInterrupt):
-            raise
-        except BaseException:
-            logger.warning('Unknown exception in SIGCHLD handler', exc_info=True)
-
-
-class ThreadedChildWatcher(AbstractChildWatcher):
+class _ThreadedChildWatcher:
     """Threaded child watcher implementation.
 
     The watcher uses a thread per process
@@ -1398,18 +908,6 @@ def __init__(self):
         self._pid_counter = itertools.count(0)
         self._threads = {}
 
-    def is_active(self):
-        return True
-
-    def close(self):
-        pass
-
-    def __enter__(self):
-        return self
-
-    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
-        pass
-
     def __del__(self, _warn=warnings.warn):
         threads = [thread for thread in list(self._threads.values())
                    if thread.is_alive()]
@@ -1427,15 +925,6 @@ def add_child_handler(self, pid, callback, *args):
         self._threads[pid] = thread
         thread.start()
 
-    def remove_child_handler(self, pid):
-        # asyncio never calls remove_child_handler() !!!
-        # The method is no-op but is implemented because
-        # abstract base classes require it.
-        return True
-
-    def attach_loop(self, loop):
-        pass
-
     def _do_waitpid(self, loop, expected_pid, callback, args):
         assert expected_pid > 0
 
@@ -1475,61 +964,9 @@ def can_use_pidfd():
 
 
 class _UnixDefaultEventLoopPolicy(events.BaseDefaultEventLoopPolicy):
-    """UNIX event loop policy with a watcher for child processes."""
+    """UNIX event loop policy"""
     _loop_factory = _UnixSelectorEventLoop
 
-    def __init__(self):
-        super().__init__()
-        self._watcher = None
-
-    def _init_watcher(self):
-        with events._lock:
-            if self._watcher is None:  # pragma: no branch
-                if can_use_pidfd():
-                    self._watcher = PidfdChildWatcher()
-                else:
-                    self._watcher = ThreadedChildWatcher()
-
-    def set_event_loop(self, loop):
-        """Set the event loop.
-
-        As a side effect, if a child watcher was set before, then calling
-        .set_event_loop() from the main thread will call .attach_loop(loop) on
-        the child watcher.
-        """
-
-        super().set_event_loop(loop)
-
-        if (self._watcher is not None and
-                threading.current_thread() is threading.main_thread()):
-            self._watcher.attach_loop(loop)
-
-    def get_child_watcher(self):
-        """Get the watcher for child processes.
-
-        If not yet set, a ThreadedChildWatcher object is automatically created.
-        """
-        if self._watcher is None:
-            self._init_watcher()
-
-        warnings._deprecated("get_child_watcher",
-                            "{name!r} is deprecated as of Python 3.12 and will be "
-                            "removed in Python {remove}.", remove=(3, 14))
-        return self._watcher
-
-    def set_child_watcher(self, watcher):
-        """Set the watcher for child processes."""
-
-        assert watcher is None or isinstance(watcher, AbstractChildWatcher)
-
-        if self._watcher is not None:
-            self._watcher.close()
-
-        self._watcher = watcher
-        warnings._deprecated("set_child_watcher",
-                            "{name!r} is deprecated as of Python 3.12 and will be "
-                            "removed in Python {remove}.", remove=(3, 14))
-
 
 SelectorEventLoop = _UnixSelectorEventLoop
 DefaultEventLoopPolicy = _UnixDefaultEventLoopPolicy
diff --git a/Lib/bdb.py b/Lib/bdb.py
index aa621053cfb4bc..81bba8a130f97c 100644
--- a/Lib/bdb.py
+++ b/Lib/bdb.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 import fnmatch
 import sys
 import os
+import weakref
 from inspect import CO_GENERATOR, CO_COROUTINE, CO_ASYNC_GENERATOR
 
 __all__ = ["BdbQuit", "Bdb", "Breakpoint"]
@@ -36,6 +37,7 @@ def __init__(self, skip=None):
         self.frame_returning = None
         self.trace_opcodes = False
         self.enterframe = None
+        self.code_linenos = weakref.WeakKeyDictionary()
 
         self._load_breaks()
 
@@ -155,6 +157,9 @@ def dispatch_return(self, frame, arg):
         if self.stop_here(frame) or frame == self.returnframe:
             # Ignore return events in generator except when stepping.
             if self.stopframe and frame.f_code.co_flags & GENERATOR_AND_COROUTINE_FLAGS:
+                # It's possible to trigger a StopIteration exception in
+                # the caller so we must set the trace function in the caller
+                self._set_caller_tracefunc(frame)
                 return self.trace_dispatch
             try:
                 self.frame_returning = frame
@@ -273,9 +278,25 @@ def do_clear(self, arg):
         raise NotImplementedError("subclass of bdb must implement do_clear()")
 
     def break_anywhere(self, frame):
-        """Return True if there is any breakpoint for frame's filename.
+        """Return True if there is any breakpoint in that frame
+        """
+        filename = self.canonic(frame.f_code.co_filename)
+        if filename not in self.breaks:
+            return False
+        for lineno in self.breaks[filename]:
+            if self._lineno_in_frame(lineno, frame):
+                return True
+        return False
+
+    def _lineno_in_frame(self, lineno, frame):
+        """Return True if the line number is in the frame's code object.
         """
-        return self.canonic(frame.f_code.co_filename) in self.breaks
+        code = frame.f_code
+        if lineno < code.co_firstlineno:
+            return False
+        if code not in self.code_linenos:
+            self.code_linenos[code] = set(lineno for _, _, lineno in code.co_lines())
+        return lineno in self.code_linenos[code]
 
     # Derived classes should override the user_* methods
     # to gain control.
@@ -329,9 +350,10 @@ def _set_caller_tracefunc(self, current_frame):
         # Issue #13183: pdb skips frames after hitting a breakpoint and running
         # step commands.
         # Restore the trace function in the caller (that may not have been set
-        # for performance reasons) when returning from the current frame.
+        # for performance reasons) when returning from the current frame, unless
+        # the caller is the botframe.
         caller_frame = current_frame.f_back
-        if caller_frame and not caller_frame.f_trace:
+        if caller_frame and not caller_frame.f_trace and caller_frame is not self.botframe:
             caller_frame.f_trace = self.trace_dispatch
 
     # Derived classes and clients can call the following methods
@@ -360,7 +382,7 @@ def set_next(self, frame):
     def set_return(self, frame):
         """Stop when returning from the given frame."""
         if frame.f_code.co_flags & GENERATOR_AND_COROUTINE_FLAGS:
-            self._set_stopinfo(frame, None, -1)
+            self._set_stopinfo(frame, frame, -1)
         else:
             self._set_stopinfo(frame.f_back, frame)
 
@@ -369,6 +391,7 @@ def set_trace(self, frame=None):
 
         If frame is not specified, debugging starts from caller's frame.
         """
+        sys.settrace(None)
         if frame is None:
             frame = sys._getframe().f_back
         self.reset()
@@ -438,6 +461,14 @@ def set_break(self, filename, lineno, temporary=False, cond=None,
             return 'Line %s:%d does not exist' % (filename, lineno)
         self._add_to_breaks(filename, lineno)
         bp = Breakpoint(filename, lineno, temporary, cond, funcname)
+        # After we set a new breakpoint, we need to search through all frames
+        # and set f_trace to trace_dispatch if there could be a breakpoint in
+        # that frame.
+        frame = self.enterframe
+        while frame:
+            if self.break_anywhere(frame):
+                frame.f_trace = self.trace_dispatch
+            frame = frame.f_back
         return None
 
     def _load_breaks(self):
diff --git a/Lib/calendar.py b/Lib/calendar.py
index 833ce331b14a0c..069dd5174112ae 100644
--- a/Lib/calendar.py
+++ b/Lib/calendar.py
@@ -159,8 +159,8 @@ def weekday(year, month, day):
 
 
 def monthrange(year, month):
-    """Return weekday (0-6 ~ Mon-Sun) and number of days (28-31) for
-       year, month."""
+    """Return weekday of first day of month (0-6 ~ Mon-Sun)
+       and number of days (28-31) for year, month."""
     if not 1 <= month <= 12:
         raise IllegalMonthError(month)
     day1 = weekday(year, month, 1)
diff --git a/Lib/code.py b/Lib/code.py
index b93902ccf545b3..1cc2ed8b1dbf28 100644
--- a/Lib/code.py
+++ b/Lib/code.py
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ def runsource(self, source, filename="<input>", symbol="single"):
             code = self.compile(source, filename, symbol)
         except (OverflowError, SyntaxError, ValueError):
             # Case 1
-            self.showsyntaxerror(filename)
+            self.showsyntaxerror(filename, source=source)
             return False
 
         if code is None:
@@ -106,32 +106,16 @@ def showsyntaxerror(self, filename=None, **kwargs):
         The output is written by self.write(), below.
 
         """
-        colorize = kwargs.pop('colorize', False)
-        type, value, tb = sys.exc_info()
-        sys.last_exc = value
-        sys.last_type = type
-        sys.last_value = value
-        sys.last_traceback = tb
-        if filename and type is SyntaxError:
-            # Work hard to stuff the correct filename in the exception
-            try:
-                msg, (dummy_filename, lineno, offset, line) = value.args
-            except ValueError:
-                # Not the format we expect; leave it alone
-                pass
-            else:
-                # Stuff in the right filename
-                value = SyntaxError(msg, (filename, lineno, offset, line))
-                sys.last_exc = sys.last_value = value
-        if sys.excepthook is sys.__excepthook__:
-            lines = traceback.format_exception_only(type, value, colorize=colorize)
-            self.write(''.join(lines))
-        else:
-            # If someone has set sys.excepthook, we let that take precedence
-            # over self.write
-            sys.excepthook(type, value, tb)
+        try:
+            typ, value, tb = sys.exc_info()
+            if filename and issubclass(typ, SyntaxError):
+                value.filename = filename
+            source = kwargs.pop('source', "")
+            self._showtraceback(typ, value, None, source)
+        finally:
+            typ = value = tb = None
 
-    def showtraceback(self, **kwargs):
+    def showtraceback(self):
         """Display the exception that just occurred.
 
         We remove the first stack item because it is our own code.
@@ -139,20 +123,46 @@ def showtraceback(self, **kwargs):
         The output is written by self.write(), below.
 
         """
-        colorize = kwargs.pop('colorize', False)
-        sys.last_type, sys.last_value, last_tb = ei = sys.exc_info()
-        sys.last_traceback = last_tb
-        sys.last_exc = ei[1]
         try:
-            lines = traceback.format_exception(ei[0], ei[1], last_tb.tb_next, colorize=colorize)
-            if sys.excepthook is sys.__excepthook__:
-                self.write(''.join(lines))
-            else:
-                # If someone has set sys.excepthook, we let that take precedence
-                # over self.write
-                sys.excepthook(ei[0], ei[1], last_tb)
+            typ, value, tb = sys.exc_info()
+            self._showtraceback(typ, value, tb.tb_next, "")
         finally:
-            last_tb = ei = None
+            typ = value = tb = None
+
+    def _showtraceback(self, typ, value, tb, source):
+        sys.last_type = typ
+        sys.last_traceback = tb
+        value = value.with_traceback(tb)
+        # Set the line of text that the exception refers to
+        lines = source.splitlines()
+        if (source and typ is SyntaxError
+                and not value.text and value.lineno is not None
+                and len(lines) >= value.lineno):
+            value.text = lines[value.lineno - 1]
+        sys.last_exc = sys.last_value = value
+        if sys.excepthook is sys.__excepthook__:
+            self._excepthook(typ, value, tb)
+        else:
+            # If someone has set sys.excepthook, we let that take precedence
+            # over self.write
+            try:
+                sys.excepthook(typ, value, tb)
+            except SystemExit:
+                raise
+            except BaseException as e:
+                e.__context__ = None
+                e = e.with_traceback(e.__traceback__.tb_next)
+                print('Error in sys.excepthook:', file=sys.stderr)
+                sys.__excepthook__(type(e), e, e.__traceback__)
+                print(file=sys.stderr)
+                print('Original exception was:', file=sys.stderr)
+                sys.__excepthook__(typ, value, tb)
+
+    def _excepthook(self, typ, value, tb):
+        # This method is being overwritten in
+        # _pyrepl.console.InteractiveColoredConsole
+        lines = traceback.format_exception(typ, value, tb)
+        self.write(''.join(lines))
 
     def write(self, data):
         """Write a string.
@@ -355,7 +365,7 @@ def interact(banner=None, readfunc=None, local=None, exitmsg=None, local_exit=Fa
         console.raw_input = readfunc
     else:
         try:
-            import readline
+            import readline  # noqa: F401
         except ImportError:
             pass
     console.interact(banner, exitmsg)
diff --git a/Lib/codecs.py b/Lib/codecs.py
index 9b35b6127dd01c..e365e6cf22929f 100644
--- a/Lib/codecs.py
+++ b/Lib/codecs.py
@@ -1109,24 +1109,15 @@ def make_encoding_map(decoding_map):
 
 ### error handlers
 
-try:
-    strict_errors = lookup_error("strict")
-    ignore_errors = lookup_error("ignore")
-    replace_errors = lookup_error("replace")
-    xmlcharrefreplace_errors = lookup_error("xmlcharrefreplace")
-    backslashreplace_errors = lookup_error("backslashreplace")
-    namereplace_errors = lookup_error("namereplace")
-except LookupError:
-    # In --disable-unicode builds, these error handler are missing
-    strict_errors = None
-    ignore_errors = None
-    replace_errors = None
-    xmlcharrefreplace_errors = None
-    backslashreplace_errors = None
-    namereplace_errors = None
+strict_errors = lookup_error("strict")
+ignore_errors = lookup_error("ignore")
+replace_errors = lookup_error("replace")
+xmlcharrefreplace_errors = lookup_error("xmlcharrefreplace")
+backslashreplace_errors = lookup_error("backslashreplace")
+namereplace_errors = lookup_error("namereplace")
 
 # Tell modulefinder that using codecs probably needs the encodings
 # package
 _false = 0
 if _false:
-    import encodings
+    import encodings  # noqa: F401
diff --git a/Lib/codeop.py b/Lib/codeop.py
index 6ad60e7f85098d..adf000ba29f88c 100644
--- a/Lib/codeop.py
+++ b/Lib/codeop.py
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@
 # Caveat emptor: These flags are undocumented on purpose and depending
 # on their effect outside the standard library is **unsupported**.
 PyCF_DONT_IMPLY_DEDENT = 0x200
+PyCF_ONLY_AST = 0x400
 PyCF_ALLOW_INCOMPLETE_INPUT = 0x4000
 
 def _maybe_compile(compiler, source, filename, symbol):
@@ -65,7 +66,7 @@ def _maybe_compile(compiler, source, filename, symbol):
             try:
                 compiler(source + "\n", filename, symbol)
                 return None
-            except IncompleteInputError as e:
+            except _IncompleteInputError as e:
                 return None
             except SyntaxError as e:
                 pass
@@ -109,12 +110,14 @@ class Compile:
     def __init__(self):
         self.flags = PyCF_DONT_IMPLY_DEDENT | PyCF_ALLOW_INCOMPLETE_INPUT
 
-    def __call__(self, source, filename, symbol, **kwargs):
-        flags = self.flags
+    def __call__(self, source, filename, symbol, flags=0, **kwargs):
+        flags |= self.flags
         if kwargs.get('incomplete_input', True) is False:
             flags &= ~PyCF_DONT_IMPLY_DEDENT
             flags &= ~PyCF_ALLOW_INCOMPLETE_INPUT
         codeob = compile(source, filename, symbol, flags, True)
+        if flags & PyCF_ONLY_AST:
+            return codeob  # this is an ast.Module in this case
         for feature in _features:
             if codeob.co_flags & feature.compiler_flag:
                 self.flags |= feature.compiler_flag
diff --git a/Lib/collections/__init__.py b/Lib/collections/__init__.py
index a17100e6c02a0e..d688141f9b183d 100644
--- a/Lib/collections/__init__.py
+++ b/Lib/collections/__init__.py
@@ -29,6 +29,9 @@
 import _collections_abc
 import sys as _sys
 
+_sys.modules['collections.abc'] = _collections_abc
+abc = _collections_abc
+
 from itertools import chain as _chain
 from itertools import repeat as _repeat
 from itertools import starmap as _starmap
@@ -46,7 +49,8 @@
     _collections_abc.MutableSequence.register(deque)
 
 try:
-    from _collections import _deque_iterator
+    # Expose _deque_iterator to support pickling deque iterators
+    from _collections import _deque_iterator  # noqa: F401
 except ImportError:
     pass
 
diff --git a/Lib/collections/abc.py b/Lib/collections/abc.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 86ca8b8a8414b3..00000000000000
--- a/Lib/collections/abc.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-from _collections_abc import *
-from _collections_abc import __all__
-from _collections_abc import _CallableGenericAlias
diff --git a/Lib/colorsys.py b/Lib/colorsys.py
index bc897bd0f99298..e97f91718a3a30 100644
--- a/Lib/colorsys.py
+++ b/Lib/colorsys.py
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
 __all__ = ["rgb_to_yiq","yiq_to_rgb","rgb_to_hls","hls_to_rgb",
            "rgb_to_hsv","hsv_to_rgb"]
 
-# Some floating point constants
+# Some floating-point constants
 
 ONE_THIRD = 1.0/3.0
 ONE_SIXTH = 1.0/6.0
diff --git a/Lib/concurrent/futures/__init__.py b/Lib/concurrent/futures/__init__.py
index 292e886d5a88ac..7ada7431c1ab8c 100644
--- a/Lib/concurrent/futures/__init__.py
+++ b/Lib/concurrent/futures/__init__.py
@@ -23,11 +23,13 @@
     'ALL_COMPLETED',
     'CancelledError',
     'TimeoutError',
+    'InvalidStateError',
     'BrokenExecutor',
     'Future',
     'Executor',
     'wait',
     'as_completed',
+    'InterpreterPoolExecutor',
     'ProcessPoolExecutor',
     'ThreadPoolExecutor',
 )
@@ -38,7 +40,7 @@ def __dir__():
 
 
 def __getattr__(name):
-    global ProcessPoolExecutor, ThreadPoolExecutor
+    global ProcessPoolExecutor, ThreadPoolExecutor, InterpreterPoolExecutor
 
     if name == 'ProcessPoolExecutor':
         from .process import ProcessPoolExecutor as pe
@@ -50,4 +52,13 @@ def __getattr__(name):
         ThreadPoolExecutor = te
         return te
 
+    if name == 'InterpreterPoolExecutor':
+        try:
+            from .interpreter import InterpreterPoolExecutor as ie
+        except ModuleNotFoundError:
+            ie = InterpreterPoolExecutor = None
+        else:
+            InterpreterPoolExecutor = ie
+        return ie
+
     raise AttributeError(f"module {__name__!r} has no attribute {name!r}")
diff --git a/Lib/concurrent/futures/interpreter.py b/Lib/concurrent/futures/interpreter.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..d17688dc9d7346
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/concurrent/futures/interpreter.py
@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+"""Implements InterpreterPoolExecutor."""
+
+import contextlib
+import pickle
+import textwrap
+from . import thread as _thread
+import _interpreters
+import _interpqueues
+
+
+class ExecutionFailed(_interpreters.InterpreterError):
+    """An unhandled exception happened during execution."""
+
+    def __init__(self, excinfo):
+        msg = excinfo.formatted
+        if not msg:
+            if excinfo.type and excinfo.msg:
+                msg = f'{excinfo.type.__name__}: {excinfo.msg}'
+            else:
+                msg = excinfo.type.__name__ or excinfo.msg
+        super().__init__(msg)
+        self.excinfo = excinfo
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        try:
+            formatted = self.excinfo.errdisplay
+        except Exception:
+            return super().__str__()
+        else:
+            return textwrap.dedent(f"""
+{super().__str__()}
+
+Uncaught in the interpreter:
+
+{formatted}
+                """.strip())
+
+
+UNBOUND = 2  # error; this should not happen.
+
+
+class WorkerContext(_thread.WorkerContext):
+
+    @classmethod
+    def prepare(cls, initializer, initargs, shared):
+        def resolve_task(fn, args, kwargs):
+            if isinstance(fn, str):
+                # XXX Circle back to this later.
+                raise TypeError('scripts not supported')
+                if args or kwargs:
+                    raise ValueError(f'a script does not take args or kwargs, got {args!r} and {kwargs!r}')
+                data = textwrap.dedent(fn)
+                kind = 'script'
+                # Make sure the script compiles.
+                # Ideally we wouldn't throw away the resulting code
+                # object.  However, there isn't much to be done until
+                # code objects are shareable and/or we do a better job
+                # of supporting code objects in _interpreters.exec().
+                compile(data, '<string>', 'exec')
+            else:
+                # Functions defined in the __main__ module can't be pickled,
+                # so they can't be used here.  In the future, we could possibly
+                # borrow from multiprocessing to work around this.
+                data = pickle.dumps((fn, args, kwargs))
+                kind = 'function'
+            return (data, kind)
+
+        if initializer is not None:
+            try:
+                initdata = resolve_task(initializer, initargs, {})
+            except ValueError:
+                if isinstance(initializer, str) and initargs:
+                    raise ValueError(f'an initializer script does not take args, got {initargs!r}')
+                raise  # re-raise
+        else:
+            initdata = None
+        def create_context():
+            return cls(initdata, shared)
+        return create_context, resolve_task
+
+    @classmethod
+    @contextlib.contextmanager
+    def _capture_exc(cls, resultsid):
+        try:
+            yield
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            # Send the captured exception out on the results queue,
+            # but still leave it unhandled for the interpreter to handle.
+            err = pickle.dumps(exc)
+            _interpqueues.put(resultsid, (None, err), 1, UNBOUND)
+            raise  # re-raise
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _send_script_result(cls, resultsid):
+        _interpqueues.put(resultsid, (None, None), 0, UNBOUND)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _call(cls, func, args, kwargs, resultsid):
+        with cls._capture_exc(resultsid):
+            res = func(*args or (), **kwargs or {})
+        # Send the result back.
+        try:
+            _interpqueues.put(resultsid, (res, None), 0, UNBOUND)
+        except _interpreters.NotShareableError:
+            res = pickle.dumps(res)
+            _interpqueues.put(resultsid, (res, None), 1, UNBOUND)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _call_pickled(cls, pickled, resultsid):
+        with cls._capture_exc(resultsid):
+            fn, args, kwargs = pickle.loads(pickled)
+        cls._call(fn, args, kwargs, resultsid)
+
+    def __init__(self, initdata, shared=None):
+        self.initdata = initdata
+        self.shared = dict(shared) if shared else None
+        self.interpid = None
+        self.resultsid = None
+
+    def __del__(self):
+        if self.interpid is not None:
+            self.finalize()
+
+    def _exec(self, script):
+        assert self.interpid is not None
+        excinfo = _interpreters.exec(self.interpid, script, restrict=True)
+        if excinfo is not None:
+            raise ExecutionFailed(excinfo)
+
+    def initialize(self):
+        assert self.interpid is None, self.interpid
+        self.interpid = _interpreters.create(reqrefs=True)
+        try:
+            _interpreters.incref(self.interpid)
+
+            maxsize = 0
+            fmt = 0
+            self.resultsid = _interpqueues.create(maxsize, fmt, UNBOUND)
+
+            self._exec(f'from {__name__} import WorkerContext')
+
+            if self.shared:
+                _interpreters.set___main___attrs(
+                                    self.interpid, self.shared, restrict=True)
+
+            if self.initdata:
+                self.run(self.initdata)
+        except BaseException:
+            self.finalize()
+            raise  # re-raise
+
+    def finalize(self):
+        interpid = self.interpid
+        resultsid = self.resultsid
+        self.resultsid = None
+        self.interpid = None
+        if resultsid is not None:
+            try:
+                _interpqueues.destroy(resultsid)
+            except _interpqueues.QueueNotFoundError:
+                pass
+        if interpid is not None:
+            try:
+                _interpreters.decref(interpid)
+            except _interpreters.InterpreterNotFoundError:
+                pass
+
+    def run(self, task):
+        data, kind = task
+        if kind == 'script':
+            raise NotImplementedError('script kind disabled')
+            script = f"""
+with WorkerContext._capture_exc({self.resultsid}):
+{textwrap.indent(data, '    ')}
+WorkerContext._send_script_result({self.resultsid})"""
+        elif kind == 'function':
+            script = f'WorkerContext._call_pickled({data!r}, {self.resultsid})'
+        else:
+            raise NotImplementedError(kind)
+
+        try:
+            self._exec(script)
+        except ExecutionFailed as exc:
+            exc_wrapper = exc
+        else:
+            exc_wrapper = None
+
+        # Return the result, or raise the exception.
+        while True:
+            try:
+                obj = _interpqueues.get(self.resultsid)
+            except _interpqueues.QueueNotFoundError:
+                raise  # re-raise
+            except _interpqueues.QueueError:
+                continue
+            except ModuleNotFoundError:
+                # interpreters.queues doesn't exist, which means
+                # QueueEmpty doesn't.  Act as though it does.
+                continue
+            else:
+                break
+        (res, excdata), pickled, unboundop = obj
+        assert unboundop is None, unboundop
+        if excdata is not None:
+            assert res is None, res
+            assert pickled
+            assert exc_wrapper is not None
+            exc = pickle.loads(excdata)
+            raise exc from exc_wrapper
+        return pickle.loads(res) if pickled else res
+
+
+class BrokenInterpreterPool(_thread.BrokenThreadPool):
+    """
+    Raised when a worker thread in an InterpreterPoolExecutor failed initializing.
+    """
+
+
+class InterpreterPoolExecutor(_thread.ThreadPoolExecutor):
+
+    BROKEN = BrokenInterpreterPool
+
+    @classmethod
+    def prepare_context(cls, initializer, initargs, shared):
+        return WorkerContext.prepare(initializer, initargs, shared)
+
+    def __init__(self, max_workers=None, thread_name_prefix='',
+                 initializer=None, initargs=(), shared=None):
+        """Initializes a new InterpreterPoolExecutor instance.
+
+        Args:
+            max_workers: The maximum number of interpreters that can be used to
+                execute the given calls.
+            thread_name_prefix: An optional name prefix to give our threads.
+            initializer: A callable or script used to initialize
+                each worker interpreter.
+            initargs: A tuple of arguments to pass to the initializer.
+            shared: A mapping of shareabled objects to be inserted into
+                each worker interpreter.
+        """
+        super().__init__(max_workers, thread_name_prefix,
+                         initializer, initargs, shared=shared)
diff --git a/Lib/concurrent/futures/process.py b/Lib/concurrent/futures/process.py
index bb4892ebdfedf5..42eee72bc1457f 100644
--- a/Lib/concurrent/futures/process.py
+++ b/Lib/concurrent/futures/process.py
@@ -68,27 +68,31 @@
 class _ThreadWakeup:
     def __init__(self):
         self._closed = False
+        self._lock = threading.Lock()
         self._reader, self._writer = mp.Pipe(duplex=False)
 
     def close(self):
-        # Please note that we do not take the shutdown lock when
+        # Please note that we do not take the self._lock when
         # calling clear() (to avoid deadlocking) so this method can
         # only be called safely from the same thread as all calls to
-        # clear() even if you hold the shutdown lock. Otherwise we
+        # clear() even if you hold the lock. Otherwise we
         # might try to read from the closed pipe.
-        if not self._closed:
-            self._closed = True
-            self._writer.close()
-            self._reader.close()
+        with self._lock:
+            if not self._closed:
+                self._closed = True
+                self._writer.close()
+                self._reader.close()
 
     def wakeup(self):
-        if not self._closed:
-            self._writer.send_bytes(b"")
+        with self._lock:
+            if not self._closed:
+                self._writer.send_bytes(b"")
 
     def clear(self):
-        if not self._closed:
-            while self._reader.poll():
-                self._reader.recv_bytes()
+        if self._closed:
+            raise RuntimeError('operation on closed _ThreadWakeup')
+        while self._reader.poll():
+            self._reader.recv_bytes()
 
 
 def _python_exit():
@@ -167,10 +171,8 @@ def __init__(self, work_id, fn, args, kwargs):
 
 class _SafeQueue(Queue):
     """Safe Queue set exception to the future object linked to a job"""
-    def __init__(self, max_size=0, *, ctx, pending_work_items, shutdown_lock,
-                 thread_wakeup):
+    def __init__(self, max_size=0, *, ctx, pending_work_items, thread_wakeup):
         self.pending_work_items = pending_work_items
-        self.shutdown_lock = shutdown_lock
         self.thread_wakeup = thread_wakeup
         super().__init__(max_size, ctx=ctx)
 
@@ -179,8 +181,7 @@ def _on_queue_feeder_error(self, e, obj):
             tb = format_exception(type(e), e, e.__traceback__)
             e.__cause__ = _RemoteTraceback('\n"""\n{}"""'.format(''.join(tb)))
             work_item = self.pending_work_items.pop(obj.work_id, None)
-            with self.shutdown_lock:
-                self.thread_wakeup.wakeup()
+            self.thread_wakeup.wakeup()
             # work_item can be None if another process terminated. In this
             # case, the executor_manager_thread fails all work_items
             # with BrokenProcessPool
@@ -296,12 +297,10 @@ def __init__(self, executor):
         # if there is no pending work item.
         def weakref_cb(_,
                        thread_wakeup=self.thread_wakeup,
-                       shutdown_lock=self.shutdown_lock,
                        mp_util_debug=mp.util.debug):
             mp_util_debug('Executor collected: triggering callback for'
                           ' QueueManager wakeup')
-            with shutdown_lock:
-                thread_wakeup.wakeup()
+            thread_wakeup.wakeup()
 
         self.executor_reference = weakref.ref(executor, weakref_cb)
 
@@ -429,11 +428,6 @@ def wait_result_broken_or_wakeup(self):
         elif wakeup_reader in ready:
             is_broken = False
 
-        # No need to hold the _shutdown_lock here because:
-        # 1. we're the only thread to use the wakeup reader
-        # 2. we're also the only thread to call thread_wakeup.close()
-        # 3. we want to avoid a possible deadlock when both reader and writer
-        #    would block (gh-105829)
         self.thread_wakeup.clear()
 
         return result_item, is_broken, cause
@@ -589,7 +583,7 @@ def _check_system_limits():
             raise NotImplementedError(_system_limited)
     _system_limits_checked = True
     try:
-        import multiprocessing.synchronize
+        import multiprocessing.synchronize  # noqa: F401
     except ImportError:
         _system_limited = (
             "This Python build lacks multiprocessing.synchronize, usually due "
@@ -721,10 +715,9 @@ def __init__(self, max_workers=None, mp_context=None,
         # as it could result in a deadlock if a worker process dies with the
         # _result_queue write lock still acquired.
         #
-        # _shutdown_lock must be locked to access _ThreadWakeup.close() and
-        # .wakeup(). Care must also be taken to not call clear or close from
-        # more than one thread since _ThreadWakeup.clear() is not protected by
-        # the _shutdown_lock
+        # Care must be taken to only call clear and close from the
+        # executor_manager_thread, since _ThreadWakeup.clear() is not protected
+        # by a lock.
         self._executor_manager_thread_wakeup = _ThreadWakeup()
 
         # Create communication channels for the executor
@@ -735,7 +728,6 @@ def __init__(self, max_workers=None, mp_context=None,
         self._call_queue = _SafeQueue(
             max_size=queue_size, ctx=self._mp_context,
             pending_work_items=self._pending_work_items,
-            shutdown_lock=self._shutdown_lock,
             thread_wakeup=self._executor_manager_thread_wakeup)
         # Killed worker processes can produce spurious "broken pipe"
         # tracebacks in the queue's own worker thread. But we detect killed
diff --git a/Lib/concurrent/futures/thread.py b/Lib/concurrent/futures/thread.py
index a024033f35fb54..16cc5533d429ef 100644
--- a/Lib/concurrent/futures/thread.py
+++ b/Lib/concurrent/futures/thread.py
@@ -43,19 +43,46 @@ def _python_exit():
                         after_in_parent=_global_shutdown_lock.release)
 
 
+class WorkerContext:
+
+    @classmethod
+    def prepare(cls, initializer, initargs):
+        if initializer is not None:
+            if not callable(initializer):
+                raise TypeError("initializer must be a callable")
+        def create_context():
+            return cls(initializer, initargs)
+        def resolve_task(fn, args, kwargs):
+            return (fn, args, kwargs)
+        return create_context, resolve_task
+
+    def __init__(self, initializer, initargs):
+        self.initializer = initializer
+        self.initargs = initargs
+
+    def initialize(self):
+        if self.initializer is not None:
+            self.initializer(*self.initargs)
+
+    def finalize(self):
+        pass
+
+    def run(self, task):
+        fn, args, kwargs = task
+        return fn(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
 class _WorkItem:
-    def __init__(self, future, fn, args, kwargs):
+    def __init__(self, future, task):
         self.future = future
-        self.fn = fn
-        self.args = args
-        self.kwargs = kwargs
+        self.task = task
 
-    def run(self):
+    def run(self, ctx):
         if not self.future.set_running_or_notify_cancel():
             return
 
         try:
-            result = self.fn(*self.args, **self.kwargs)
+            result = ctx.run(self.task)
         except BaseException as exc:
             self.future.set_exception(exc)
             # Break a reference cycle with the exception 'exc'
@@ -66,16 +93,15 @@ def run(self):
     __class_getitem__ = classmethod(types.GenericAlias)
 
 
-def _worker(executor_reference, work_queue, initializer, initargs):
-    if initializer is not None:
-        try:
-            initializer(*initargs)
-        except BaseException:
-            _base.LOGGER.critical('Exception in initializer:', exc_info=True)
-            executor = executor_reference()
-            if executor is not None:
-                executor._initializer_failed()
-            return
+def _worker(executor_reference, ctx, work_queue):
+    try:
+        ctx.initialize()
+    except BaseException:
+        _base.LOGGER.critical('Exception in initializer:', exc_info=True)
+        executor = executor_reference()
+        if executor is not None:
+            executor._initializer_failed()
+        return
     try:
         while True:
             try:
@@ -89,7 +115,7 @@ def _worker(executor_reference, work_queue, initializer, initargs):
                 work_item = work_queue.get(block=True)
 
             if work_item is not None:
-                work_item.run()
+                work_item.run(ctx)
                 # Delete references to object. See GH-60488
                 del work_item
                 continue
@@ -110,6 +136,8 @@ def _worker(executor_reference, work_queue, initializer, initargs):
             del executor
     except BaseException:
         _base.LOGGER.critical('Exception in worker', exc_info=True)
+    finally:
+        ctx.finalize()
 
 
 class BrokenThreadPool(_base.BrokenExecutor):
@@ -120,11 +148,17 @@ class BrokenThreadPool(_base.BrokenExecutor):
 
 class ThreadPoolExecutor(_base.Executor):
 
+    BROKEN = BrokenThreadPool
+
     # Used to assign unique thread names when thread_name_prefix is not supplied.
     _counter = itertools.count().__next__
 
+    @classmethod
+    def prepare_context(cls, initializer, initargs):
+        return WorkerContext.prepare(initializer, initargs)
+
     def __init__(self, max_workers=None, thread_name_prefix='',
-                 initializer=None, initargs=()):
+                 initializer=None, initargs=(), **ctxkwargs):
         """Initializes a new ThreadPoolExecutor instance.
 
         Args:
@@ -133,6 +167,7 @@ def __init__(self, max_workers=None, thread_name_prefix='',
             thread_name_prefix: An optional name prefix to give our threads.
             initializer: A callable used to initialize worker threads.
             initargs: A tuple of arguments to pass to the initializer.
+            ctxkwargs: Additional arguments to cls.prepare_context().
         """
         if max_workers is None:
             # ThreadPoolExecutor is often used to:
@@ -146,8 +181,9 @@ def __init__(self, max_workers=None, thread_name_prefix='',
         if max_workers <= 0:
             raise ValueError("max_workers must be greater than 0")
 
-        if initializer is not None and not callable(initializer):
-            raise TypeError("initializer must be a callable")
+        (self._create_worker_context,
+         self._resolve_work_item_task,
+         ) = type(self).prepare_context(initializer, initargs, **ctxkwargs)
 
         self._max_workers = max_workers
         self._work_queue = queue.SimpleQueue()
@@ -158,13 +194,11 @@ def __init__(self, max_workers=None, thread_name_prefix='',
         self._shutdown_lock = threading.Lock()
         self._thread_name_prefix = (thread_name_prefix or
                                     ("ThreadPoolExecutor-%d" % self._counter()))
-        self._initializer = initializer
-        self._initargs = initargs
 
     def submit(self, fn, /, *args, **kwargs):
         with self._shutdown_lock, _global_shutdown_lock:
             if self._broken:
-                raise BrokenThreadPool(self._broken)
+                raise self.BROKEN(self._broken)
 
             if self._shutdown:
                 raise RuntimeError('cannot schedule new futures after shutdown')
@@ -173,7 +207,8 @@ def submit(self, fn, /, *args, **kwargs):
                                    'interpreter shutdown')
 
             f = _base.Future()
-            w = _WorkItem(f, fn, args, kwargs)
+            task = self._resolve_work_item_task(fn, args, kwargs)
+            w = _WorkItem(f, task)
 
             self._work_queue.put(w)
             self._adjust_thread_count()
@@ -196,9 +231,8 @@ def weakref_cb(_, q=self._work_queue):
                                      num_threads)
             t = threading.Thread(name=thread_name, target=_worker,
                                  args=(weakref.ref(self, weakref_cb),
-                                       self._work_queue,
-                                       self._initializer,
-                                       self._initargs))
+                                       self._create_worker_context(),
+                                       self._work_queue))
             t.start()
             self._threads.add(t)
             _threads_queues[t] = self._work_queue
@@ -214,7 +248,7 @@ def _initializer_failed(self):
                 except queue.Empty:
                     break
                 if work_item is not None:
-                    work_item.future.set_exception(BrokenThreadPool(self._broken))
+                    work_item.future.set_exception(self.BROKEN(self._broken))
 
     def shutdown(self, wait=True, *, cancel_futures=False):
         with self._shutdown_lock:
diff --git a/Lib/configparser.py b/Lib/configparser.py
index 4344a9e8baca44..420dce77c234e1 100644
--- a/Lib/configparser.py
+++ b/Lib/configparser.py
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@
            "NoOptionError", "InterpolationError", "InterpolationDepthError",
            "InterpolationMissingOptionError", "InterpolationSyntaxError",
            "ParsingError", "MissingSectionHeaderError",
-           "MultilineContinuationError",
+           "MultilineContinuationError", "UnnamedSectionDisabledError",
            "ConfigParser", "RawConfigParser",
            "Interpolation", "BasicInterpolation",  "ExtendedInterpolation",
            "SectionProxy", "ConverterMapping",
@@ -362,6 +362,14 @@ def __init__(self, filename, lineno, line):
         self.line = line
         self.args = (filename, lineno, line)
 
+
+class UnnamedSectionDisabledError(Error):
+    """Raised when an attempt to use UNNAMED_SECTION is made with the
+    feature disabled."""
+    def __init__(self):
+        Error.__init__(self, "Support for UNNAMED_SECTION is disabled.")
+
+
 class _UnnamedSection:
 
     def __repr__(self):
@@ -692,6 +700,10 @@ def add_section(self, section):
         if section == self.default_section:
             raise ValueError('Invalid section name: %r' % section)
 
+        if section is UNNAMED_SECTION:
+            if not self._allow_unnamed_section:
+                raise UnnamedSectionDisabledError
+
         if section in self._sections:
             raise DuplicateSectionError(section)
         self._sections[section] = self._dict()
@@ -1203,20 +1215,20 @@ def _convert_to_boolean(self, value):
         return self.BOOLEAN_STATES[value.lower()]
 
     def _validate_value_types(self, *, section="", option="", value=""):
-        """Raises a TypeError for non-string values.
+        """Raises a TypeError for illegal non-string values.
 
-        The only legal non-string value if we allow valueless
-        options is None, so we need to check if the value is a
-        string if:
-        - we do not allow valueless options, or
-        - we allow valueless options but the value is not None
+        Legal non-string values are UNNAMED_SECTION and falsey values if
+        they are allowed.
 
         For compatibility reasons this method is not used in classic set()
         for RawConfigParsers. It is invoked in every case for mapping protocol
         access and in ConfigParser.set().
         """
-        if not isinstance(section, str):
-            raise TypeError("section names must be strings")
+        if section is UNNAMED_SECTION:
+            if not self._allow_unnamed_section:
+                raise UnnamedSectionDisabledError
+        elif not isinstance(section, str):
+            raise TypeError("section names must be strings or UNNAMED_SECTION")
         if not isinstance(option, str):
             raise TypeError("option keys must be strings")
         if not self._allow_no_value or value:
diff --git a/Lib/copy.py b/Lib/copy.py
index 7a1907d75494d7..f27e109973cfb7 100644
--- a/Lib/copy.py
+++ b/Lib/copy.py
@@ -4,8 +4,9 @@
 
         import copy
 
-        x = copy.copy(y)        # make a shallow copy of y
-        x = copy.deepcopy(y)    # make a deep copy of y
+        x = copy.copy(y)                # make a shallow copy of y
+        x = copy.deepcopy(y)            # make a deep copy of y
+        x = copy.replace(y, a=1, b=2)   # new object with fields replaced, as defined by `__replace__`
 
 For module specific errors, copy.Error is raised.
 
@@ -56,7 +57,7 @@ class Error(Exception):
     pass
 error = Error   # backward compatibility
 
-__all__ = ["Error", "copy", "deepcopy"]
+__all__ = ["Error", "copy", "deepcopy", "replace"]
 
 def copy(x):
     """Shallow copy operation on arbitrary Python objects.
@@ -105,7 +106,7 @@ def _copy_immutable(x):
           bytes, frozenset, type, range, slice, property,
           types.BuiltinFunctionType, types.EllipsisType,
           types.NotImplementedType, types.FunctionType, types.CodeType,
-          weakref.ref):
+          weakref.ref, super):
     d[t] = _copy_immutable
 
 d[list] = list.copy
diff --git a/Lib/copyreg.py b/Lib/copyreg.py
index 578392409b403c..17c5dde67c887c 100644
--- a/Lib/copyreg.py
+++ b/Lib/copyreg.py
@@ -36,6 +36,11 @@ def pickle_union(obj):
 
 pickle(type(int | str), pickle_union)
 
+def pickle_super(obj):
+    return super, (obj.__thisclass__, obj.__self__)
+
+pickle(super, pickle_super)
+
 # Support for pickling new-style objects
 
 def _reconstructor(cls, base, state):
diff --git a/Lib/csv.py b/Lib/csv.py
index 75e35b23236795..cd202659873811 100644
--- a/Lib/csv.py
+++ b/Lib/csv.py
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ class excel:
             field contains either the quotechar or the delimiter
         csv.QUOTE_ALL means that quotes are always placed around fields.
         csv.QUOTE_NONNUMERIC means that quotes are always placed around
-            fields which do not parse as integers or floating point
+            fields which do not parse as integers or floating-point
             numbers.
         csv.QUOTE_STRINGS means that quotes are always placed around
             fields which are strings.  Note that the Python value None
diff --git a/Lib/ctypes/__init__.py b/Lib/ctypes/__init__.py
index b7ee46d664ab08..4a368f02d851c5 100644
--- a/Lib/ctypes/__init__.py
+++ b/Lib/ctypes/__init__.py
@@ -205,6 +205,18 @@ class c_longdouble(_SimpleCData):
 if sizeof(c_longdouble) == sizeof(c_double):
     c_longdouble = c_double
 
+try:
+    class c_double_complex(_SimpleCData):
+        _type_ = "C"
+    _check_size(c_double_complex)
+    class c_float_complex(_SimpleCData):
+        _type_ = "E"
+    _check_size(c_float_complex)
+    class c_longdouble_complex(_SimpleCData):
+        _type_ = "F"
+except AttributeError:
+    pass
+
 if _calcsize("l") == _calcsize("q"):
     # if long and long long have the same size, make c_longlong an alias for c_long
     c_longlong = c_long
@@ -314,8 +326,6 @@ def SetPointerType(pointer, cls):
     del _pointer_type_cache[id(pointer)]
 
 def ARRAY(typ, len):
-    import warnings
-    warnings._deprecated("ctypes.ARRAY", remove=(3, 15))
     return typ * len
 
 ################################################################
diff --git a/Lib/ctypes/_layout.py b/Lib/ctypes/_layout.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..e30db598ab22e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/ctypes/_layout.py
@@ -0,0 +1,337 @@
+"""Python implementation of computing the layout of a struct/union
+
+This code is internal and tightly coupled to the C part. The interface
+may change at any time.
+"""
+
+import sys
+import warnings
+import struct
+
+from _ctypes import CField, buffer_info
+import ctypes
+
+def round_down(n, multiple):
+    assert n >= 0
+    assert multiple > 0
+    return (n // multiple) * multiple
+
+def round_up(n, multiple):
+    assert n >= 0
+    assert multiple > 0
+    return ((n + multiple - 1) // multiple) * multiple
+
+def LOW_BIT(offset):
+    return offset & 0xFFFF
+
+def NUM_BITS(bitsize):
+    return bitsize >> 16
+
+def BUILD_SIZE(bitsize, offset):
+    assert 0 <= offset, offset
+    assert offset <= 0xFFFF, offset
+    # We don't support zero length bitfields.
+    # And GET_BITFIELD uses NUM_BITS(size) == 0,
+    # to figure out whether we are handling a bitfield.
+    assert bitsize > 0, bitsize
+    result = (bitsize << 16) + offset
+    assert bitsize == NUM_BITS(result), (bitsize, result)
+    assert offset == LOW_BIT(result), (offset, result)
+    return result
+
+def build_size(bit_size, bit_offset, big_endian, type_size):
+    if big_endian:
+        return BUILD_SIZE(bit_size, 8 * type_size - bit_offset - bit_size)
+    return BUILD_SIZE(bit_size, bit_offset)
+
+_INT_MAX = (1 << (ctypes.sizeof(ctypes.c_int) * 8) - 1) - 1
+
+
+class StructUnionLayout:
+    def __init__(self, fields, size, align, format_spec):
+        # sequence of CField objects
+        self.fields = fields
+
+        # total size of the aggregate (rounded up to alignment)
+        self.size = size
+
+        # total alignment requirement of the aggregate
+        self.align = align
+
+        # buffer format specification (as a string, UTF-8 but bes
+        # kept ASCII-only)
+        self.format_spec = format_spec
+
+
+def get_layout(cls, input_fields, is_struct, base):
+    """Return a StructUnionLayout for the given class.
+
+    Called by PyCStructUnionType_update_stginfo when _fields_ is assigned
+    to a class.
+    """
+    # Currently there are two modes, selectable using the '_layout_' attribute:
+    #
+    # 'gcc-sysv' mode places fields one after another, bit by bit.
+    #   But "each bit field must fit within a single object of its specified
+    #   type" (GCC manual, section 15.8 "Bit Field Packing"). When it doesn't,
+    #   we insert a few bits of padding to avoid that.
+    #
+    # 'ms' mode works similar except for bitfield packing.  Adjacent
+    #   bit-fields are packed into the same 1-, 2-, or 4-byte allocation unit
+    #   if the integral types are the same size and if the next bit-field fits
+    #   into the current allocation unit without crossing the boundary imposed
+    #   by the common alignment requirements of the bit-fields.
+    #
+    #   See https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/x86-Options.html#index-mms-bitfields
+    #   for details.
+
+    # We do not support zero length bitfields (we use bitsize != 0
+    # elsewhere to indicate a bitfield). Here, non-bitfields have bit_size
+    # set to size*8.
+
+    # For clarity, variables that count bits have `bit` in their names.
+
+    layout = getattr(cls, '_layout_', None)
+    if layout is None:
+        if sys.platform == 'win32' or getattr(cls, '_pack_', None):
+            gcc_layout = False
+        else:
+            gcc_layout = True
+    elif layout == 'ms':
+        gcc_layout = False
+    elif layout == 'gcc-sysv':
+        gcc_layout = True
+    else:
+        raise ValueError(f'unknown _layout_: {layout!r}')
+
+    align = getattr(cls, '_align_', 1)
+    if align < 0:
+        raise ValueError('_align_ must be a non-negative integer')
+    elif align == 0:
+        # Setting `_align_ = 0` amounts to using the default alignment
+        align == 1
+
+    if base:
+        align = max(ctypes.alignment(base), align)
+
+    swapped_bytes = hasattr(cls, '_swappedbytes_')
+    if swapped_bytes:
+        big_endian = sys.byteorder == 'little'
+    else:
+        big_endian = sys.byteorder == 'big'
+
+    pack = getattr(cls, '_pack_', None)
+    if pack is not None:
+        try:
+            pack = int(pack)
+        except (TypeError, ValueError):
+            raise ValueError("_pack_ must be an integer")
+        if pack < 0:
+            raise ValueError("_pack_ must be a non-negative integer")
+        if pack > _INT_MAX:
+            raise ValueError("_pack_ too big")
+        if gcc_layout:
+            raise ValueError('_pack_ is not compatible with gcc-sysv layout')
+
+    result_fields = []
+
+    if is_struct:
+        format_spec_parts = ["T{"]
+    else:
+        format_spec_parts = ["B"]
+
+    last_field_bit_size = 0  # used in MS layout only
+
+    # `8 * next_byte_offset + next_bit_offset` points to where the
+    # next field would start.
+    next_bit_offset = 0
+    next_byte_offset = 0
+
+    # size if this was a struct (sum of field sizes, plus padding)
+    struct_size = 0
+    # max of field sizes; only meaningful for unions
+    union_size = 0
+
+    if base:
+        struct_size = ctypes.sizeof(base)
+        if gcc_layout:
+            next_bit_offset = struct_size * 8
+        else:
+            next_byte_offset = struct_size
+
+    last_size = struct_size
+    for i, field in enumerate(input_fields):
+        if not is_struct:
+            # Unions start fresh each time
+            last_field_bit_size = 0
+            next_bit_offset = 0
+            next_byte_offset = 0
+
+        # Unpack the field
+        field = tuple(field)
+        try:
+            name, ctype = field
+        except (ValueError, TypeError):
+            try:
+                name, ctype, bit_size = field
+            except (ValueError, TypeError) as exc:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    '_fields_ must be a sequence of (name, C type) pairs '
+                    + 'or (name, C type, bit size) triples') from exc
+            is_bitfield = True
+            if bit_size <= 0:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f'number of bits invalid for bit field {name!r}')
+            type_size = ctypes.sizeof(ctype)
+            if bit_size > type_size * 8:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f'number of bits invalid for bit field {name!r}')
+        else:
+            is_bitfield = False
+            type_size = ctypes.sizeof(ctype)
+            bit_size = type_size * 8
+
+        type_bit_size = type_size * 8
+        type_align = ctypes.alignment(ctype) or 1
+        type_bit_align = type_align * 8
+
+        if gcc_layout:
+            # We don't use next_byte_offset here
+            assert pack is None
+            assert next_byte_offset == 0
+
+            # Determine whether the bit field, if placed at the next
+            # free bit, fits within a single object of its specified type.
+            # That is: determine a "slot", sized & aligned for the
+            # specified type, which contains the bitfield's beginning:
+            slot_start_bit = round_down(next_bit_offset, type_bit_align)
+            slot_end_bit = slot_start_bit + type_bit_size
+            # And see if it also contains the bitfield's last bit:
+            field_end_bit = next_bit_offset + bit_size
+            if field_end_bit > slot_end_bit:
+                # It doesn't: add padding (bump up to the next
+                # alignment boundary)
+                next_bit_offset = round_up(next_bit_offset, type_bit_align)
+
+            offset = round_down(next_bit_offset, type_bit_align) // 8
+            if is_bitfield:
+                effective_bit_offset = next_bit_offset - 8 * offset
+                size = build_size(bit_size, effective_bit_offset,
+                                  big_endian, type_size)
+                assert effective_bit_offset <= type_bit_size
+            else:
+                assert offset == next_bit_offset / 8
+                size = type_size
+
+            next_bit_offset += bit_size
+            struct_size = round_up(next_bit_offset, 8) // 8
+        else:
+            if pack:
+                type_align = min(pack, type_align)
+
+            # next_byte_offset points to end of current bitfield.
+            # next_bit_offset is generally non-positive,
+            # and 8 * next_byte_offset + next_bit_offset points just behind
+            # the end of the last field we placed.
+            if (
+                (0 < next_bit_offset + bit_size)
+                or (type_bit_size != last_field_bit_size)
+            ):
+                # Close the previous bitfield (if any)
+                # and start a new bitfield
+                next_byte_offset = round_up(next_byte_offset, type_align)
+
+                next_byte_offset += type_size
+
+                last_field_bit_size = type_bit_size
+                # Reminder: 8 * (next_byte_offset) + next_bit_offset
+                # points to where we would start a new field, namely
+                # just behind where we placed the last field plus an
+                # allowance for alignment.
+                next_bit_offset = -last_field_bit_size
+
+            assert type_bit_size == last_field_bit_size
+
+            offset = next_byte_offset - last_field_bit_size // 8
+            if is_bitfield:
+                assert 0 <= (last_field_bit_size + next_bit_offset)
+                size = build_size(bit_size,
+                                  last_field_bit_size + next_bit_offset,
+                                  big_endian, type_size)
+            else:
+                size = type_size
+            if type_bit_size:
+                assert (last_field_bit_size + next_bit_offset) < type_bit_size
+
+            next_bit_offset += bit_size
+            struct_size = next_byte_offset
+
+        assert (not is_bitfield) or (LOW_BIT(size) <= size * 8)
+
+        # Add the format spec parts
+        if is_struct:
+            padding = offset - last_size
+            format_spec_parts.append(padding_spec(padding))
+
+            fieldfmt, bf_ndim, bf_shape = buffer_info(ctype)
+
+            if bf_shape:
+                format_spec_parts.extend((
+                    "(",
+                    ','.join(str(n) for n in bf_shape),
+                    ")",
+                ))
+
+            if fieldfmt is None:
+                fieldfmt = "B"
+            if isinstance(name, bytes):
+                # a bytes name would be rejected later, but we check early
+                # to avoid a BytesWarning with `python -bb`
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "field {name!r}: name must be a string, not bytes")
+            format_spec_parts.append(f"{fieldfmt}:{name}:")
+
+        result_fields.append(CField(
+            name=name,
+            type=ctype,
+            size=size,
+            offset=offset,
+            bit_size=bit_size if is_bitfield else None,
+            index=i,
+        ))
+        if is_bitfield and not gcc_layout:
+            assert type_bit_size > 0
+
+        align = max(align, type_align)
+        last_size = struct_size
+        if not is_struct:
+            union_size = max(struct_size, union_size)
+
+    if is_struct:
+        total_size = struct_size
+    else:
+        total_size = union_size
+
+    # Adjust the size according to the alignment requirements
+    aligned_size = round_up(total_size, align)
+
+    # Finish up the format spec
+    if is_struct:
+        padding = aligned_size - total_size
+        format_spec_parts.append(padding_spec(padding))
+        format_spec_parts.append("}")
+
+    return StructUnionLayout(
+        fields=result_fields,
+        size=aligned_size,
+        align=align,
+        format_spec="".join(format_spec_parts),
+    )
+
+
+def padding_spec(padding):
+    if padding <= 0:
+        return ""
+    if padding == 1:
+        return "x"
+    return f"{padding}x"
diff --git a/Lib/ctypes/wintypes.py b/Lib/ctypes/wintypes.py
index 9c4e721438aad5..4beba0d19513e2 100644
--- a/Lib/ctypes/wintypes.py
+++ b/Lib/ctypes/wintypes.py
@@ -63,10 +63,16 @@ def __repr__(self):
 HBITMAP = HANDLE
 HBRUSH = HANDLE
 HCOLORSPACE = HANDLE
+HCONV = HANDLE
+HCONVLIST = HANDLE
+HCURSOR = HANDLE
 HDC = HANDLE
+HDDEDATA = HANDLE
 HDESK = HANDLE
+HDROP = HANDLE
 HDWP = HANDLE
 HENHMETAFILE = HANDLE
+HFILE = INT
 HFONT = HANDLE
 HGDIOBJ = HANDLE
 HGLOBAL = HANDLE
@@ -82,9 +88,11 @@ def __repr__(self):
 HMONITOR = HANDLE
 HPALETTE = HANDLE
 HPEN = HANDLE
+HRESULT = LONG
 HRGN = HANDLE
 HRSRC = HANDLE
 HSTR = HANDLE
+HSZ = HANDLE
 HTASK = HANDLE
 HWINSTA = HANDLE
 HWND = HANDLE
diff --git a/Lib/curses/__init__.py b/Lib/curses/__init__.py
index 69270bfcd2b205..6165fe6c9875c0 100644
--- a/Lib/curses/__init__.py
+++ b/Lib/curses/__init__.py
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ def start_color():
 try:
     has_key
 except NameError:
-    from .has_key import has_key
+    from .has_key import has_key  # noqa: F401
 
 # Wrapper for the entire curses-based application.  Runs a function which
 # should be the rest of your curses-based application.  If the application
diff --git a/Lib/dataclasses.py b/Lib/dataclasses.py
index 1f847150fda647..6c22881710466b 100644
--- a/Lib/dataclasses.py
+++ b/Lib/dataclasses.py
@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@
 import inspect
 import keyword
 import itertools
+import annotationlib
 import abc
 from reprlib import recursive_repr
-from types import FunctionType, GenericAlias
 
 
 __all__ = ['dataclass',
@@ -283,11 +283,12 @@ class Field:
                  'compare',
                  'metadata',
                  'kw_only',
+                 'doc',
                  '_field_type',  # Private: not to be used by user code.
                  )
 
     def __init__(self, default, default_factory, init, repr, hash, compare,
-                 metadata, kw_only):
+                 metadata, kw_only, doc):
         self.name = None
         self.type = None
         self.default = default
@@ -300,6 +301,7 @@ def __init__(self, default, default_factory, init, repr, hash, compare,
                          if metadata is None else
                          types.MappingProxyType(metadata))
         self.kw_only = kw_only
+        self.doc = doc
         self._field_type = None
 
     @recursive_repr()
@@ -315,6 +317,7 @@ def __repr__(self):
                 f'compare={self.compare!r},'
                 f'metadata={self.metadata!r},'
                 f'kw_only={self.kw_only!r},'
+                f'doc={self.doc!r},'
                 f'_field_type={self._field_type}'
                 ')')
 
@@ -333,7 +336,7 @@ def __set_name__(self, owner, name):
             # it.
             func(self.default, owner, name)
 
-    __class_getitem__ = classmethod(GenericAlias)
+    __class_getitem__ = classmethod(types.GenericAlias)
 
 
 class _DataclassParams:
@@ -382,7 +385,7 @@ def __repr__(self):
 # so that a type checker can be told (via overloads) that this is a
 # function whose type depends on its parameters.
 def field(*, default=MISSING, default_factory=MISSING, init=True, repr=True,
-          hash=None, compare=True, metadata=None, kw_only=MISSING):
+          hash=None, compare=True, metadata=None, kw_only=MISSING, doc=None):
     """Return an object to identify dataclass fields.
 
     default is the default value of the field.  default_factory is a
@@ -394,7 +397,7 @@ def field(*, default=MISSING, default_factory=MISSING, init=True, repr=True,
     comparison functions.  metadata, if specified, must be a mapping
     which is stored but not otherwise examined by dataclass.  If kw_only
     is true, the field will become a keyword-only parameter to
-    __init__().
+    __init__().  doc is an optional docstring for this field.
 
     It is an error to specify both default and default_factory.
     """
@@ -402,7 +405,7 @@ def field(*, default=MISSING, default_factory=MISSING, init=True, repr=True,
     if default is not MISSING and default_factory is not MISSING:
         raise ValueError('cannot specify both default and default_factory')
     return Field(default, default_factory, init, repr, hash, compare,
-                 metadata, kw_only)
+                 metadata, kw_only, doc)
 
 
 def _fields_in_init_order(fields):
@@ -656,7 +659,7 @@ def _init_fn(fields, std_fields, kw_only_fields, frozen, has_post_init,
     if kw_only_fields:
         # Add the keyword-only args.  Because the * can only be added if
         # there's at least one keyword-only arg, there needs to be a test here
-        # (instead of just concatenting the lists together).
+        # (instead of just concatenating the lists together).
         _init_params += ['*']
         _init_params += [_init_param(f) for f in kw_only_fields]
     func_builder.add_fn('__init__',
@@ -690,11 +693,8 @@ def _frozen_get_del_attr(cls, fields, func_builder):
 
 
 def _is_classvar(a_type, typing):
-    # This test uses a typing internal class, but it's the best way to
-    # test if this is a ClassVar.
     return (a_type is typing.ClassVar
-            or (type(a_type) is typing._GenericAlias
-                and a_type.__origin__ is typing.ClassVar))
+            or (typing.get_origin(a_type) is typing.ClassVar))
 
 
 def _is_initvar(a_type, dataclasses):
@@ -982,7 +982,8 @@ def _process_class(cls, init, repr, eq, order, unsafe_hash, frozen,
     # actual default value.  Pseudo-fields ClassVars and InitVars are
     # included, despite the fact that they're not real fields.  That's
     # dealt with later.
-    cls_annotations = inspect.get_annotations(cls)
+    cls_annotations = annotationlib.get_annotations(
+        cls, format=annotationlib.Format.FORWARDREF)
 
     # Now find fields in our class.  While doing so, validate some
     # things, and set the default values (as class attributes) where
@@ -1177,7 +1178,7 @@ def _process_class(cls, init, repr, eq, order, unsafe_hash, frozen,
     if weakref_slot and not slots:
         raise TypeError('weakref_slot is True but slots is False')
     if slots:
-        cls = _add_slots(cls, frozen, weakref_slot)
+        cls = _add_slots(cls, frozen, weakref_slot, fields)
 
     abc.update_abstractmethods(cls)
 
@@ -1208,7 +1209,7 @@ def _get_slots(cls):
             slots = []
             if getattr(cls, '__weakrefoffset__', -1) != 0:
                 slots.append('__weakref__')
-            if getattr(cls, '__dictrefoffset__', -1) != 0:
+            if getattr(cls, '__dictoffset__', -1) != 0:
                 slots.append('__dict__')
             yield from slots
         case str(slot):
@@ -1221,9 +1222,56 @@ def _get_slots(cls):
             raise TypeError(f"Slots of '{cls.__name__}' cannot be determined")
 
 
-def _add_slots(cls, is_frozen, weakref_slot):
-    # Need to create a new class, since we can't set __slots__
-    #  after a class has been created.
+def _update_func_cell_for__class__(f, oldcls, newcls):
+    # Returns True if we update a cell, else False.
+    if f is None:
+        # f will be None in the case of a property where not all of
+        # fget, fset, and fdel are used.  Nothing to do in that case.
+        return False
+    try:
+        idx = f.__code__.co_freevars.index("__class__")
+    except ValueError:
+        # This function doesn't reference __class__, so nothing to do.
+        return False
+    # Fix the cell to point to the new class, if it's already pointing
+    # at the old class.  I'm not convinced that the "is oldcls" test
+    # is needed, but other than performance can't hurt.
+    closure = f.__closure__[idx]
+    if closure.cell_contents is oldcls:
+        closure.cell_contents = newcls
+        return True
+    return False
+
+
+def _create_slots(defined_fields, inherited_slots, field_names, weakref_slot):
+    # The slots for our class.  Remove slots from our base classes.  Add
+    # '__weakref__' if weakref_slot was given, unless it is already present.
+    seen_docs = False
+    slots = {}
+    for slot in itertools.filterfalse(
+        inherited_slots.__contains__,
+        itertools.chain(
+            # gh-93521: '__weakref__' also needs to be filtered out if
+            # already present in inherited_slots
+            field_names, ('__weakref__',) if weakref_slot else ()
+        )
+    ):
+        doc = getattr(defined_fields.get(slot), 'doc', None)
+        if doc is not None:
+            seen_docs = True
+        slots.update({slot: doc})
+
+    # We only return dict if there's at least one doc member,
+    # otherwise we return tuple, which is the old default format.
+    if seen_docs:
+        return slots
+    return tuple(slots)
+
+
+def _add_slots(cls, is_frozen, weakref_slot, defined_fields):
+    # Need to create a new class, since we can't set __slots__ after a
+    # class has been created, and the @dataclass decorator is called
+    # after the class is created.
 
     # Make sure __slots__ isn't already set.
     if '__slots__' in cls.__dict__:
@@ -1236,17 +1284,9 @@ def _add_slots(cls, is_frozen, weakref_slot):
     inherited_slots = set(
         itertools.chain.from_iterable(map(_get_slots, cls.__mro__[1:-1]))
     )
-    # The slots for our class.  Remove slots from our base classes.  Add
-    # '__weakref__' if weakref_slot was given, unless it is already present.
-    cls_dict["__slots__"] = tuple(
-        itertools.filterfalse(
-            inherited_slots.__contains__,
-            itertools.chain(
-                # gh-93521: '__weakref__' also needs to be filtered out if
-                # already present in inherited_slots
-                field_names, ('__weakref__',) if weakref_slot else ()
-            )
-        ),
+
+    cls_dict["__slots__"] = _create_slots(
+        defined_fields, inherited_slots, field_names, weakref_slot,
     )
 
     for field_name in field_names:
@@ -1262,18 +1302,37 @@ def _add_slots(cls, is_frozen, weakref_slot):
 
     # And finally create the class.
     qualname = getattr(cls, '__qualname__', None)
-    cls = type(cls)(cls.__name__, cls.__bases__, cls_dict)
+    newcls = type(cls)(cls.__name__, cls.__bases__, cls_dict)
     if qualname is not None:
-        cls.__qualname__ = qualname
+        newcls.__qualname__ = qualname
 
     if is_frozen:
         # Need this for pickling frozen classes with slots.
         if '__getstate__' not in cls_dict:
-            cls.__getstate__ = _dataclass_getstate
+            newcls.__getstate__ = _dataclass_getstate
         if '__setstate__' not in cls_dict:
-            cls.__setstate__ = _dataclass_setstate
-
-    return cls
+            newcls.__setstate__ = _dataclass_setstate
+
+    # Fix up any closures which reference __class__.  This is used to
+    # fix zero argument super so that it points to the correct class
+    # (the newly created one, which we're returning) and not the
+    # original class.  We can break out of this loop as soon as we
+    # make an update, since all closures for a class will share a
+    # given cell.
+    for member in newcls.__dict__.values():
+        # If this is a wrapped function, unwrap it.
+        member = inspect.unwrap(member)
+
+        if isinstance(member, types.FunctionType):
+            if _update_func_cell_for__class__(member, cls, newcls):
+                break
+        elif isinstance(member, property):
+            if (_update_func_cell_for__class__(member.fget, cls, newcls)
+                or _update_func_cell_for__class__(member.fset, cls, newcls)
+                or _update_func_cell_for__class__(member.fdel, cls, newcls)):
+                break
+
+    return newcls
 
 
 def dataclass(cls=None, /, *, init=True, repr=True, eq=True, order=False,
@@ -1492,7 +1551,7 @@ def _astuple_inner(obj, tuple_factory):
 def make_dataclass(cls_name, fields, *, bases=(), namespace=None, init=True,
                    repr=True, eq=True, order=False, unsafe_hash=False,
                    frozen=False, match_args=True, kw_only=False, slots=False,
-                   weakref_slot=False, module=None):
+                   weakref_slot=False, module=None, decorator=dataclass):
     """Return a new dynamically created dataclass.
 
     The dataclass name will be 'cls_name'.  'fields' is an iterable
@@ -1572,8 +1631,8 @@ def exec_body_callback(ns):
     if module is not None:
         cls.__module__ = module
 
-    # Apply the normal decorator.
-    return dataclass(cls, init=init, repr=repr, eq=eq, order=order,
+    # Apply the normal provided decorator.
+    return decorator(cls, init=init, repr=repr, eq=eq, order=order,
                      unsafe_hash=unsafe_hash, frozen=frozen,
                      match_args=match_args, kw_only=kw_only, slots=slots,
                      weakref_slot=weakref_slot)
diff --git a/Lib/datetime.py b/Lib/datetime.py
index a33d2d724cb33d..14f30556584e32 100644
--- a/Lib/datetime.py
+++ b/Lib/datetime.py
@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
+"""Specific date/time and related types.
+
+See https://data.iana.org/time-zones/tz-link.html for
+time zone and DST data sources.
+"""
+
 try:
     from _datetime import *
-    from _datetime import __doc__
 except ImportError:
     from _pydatetime import *
-    from _pydatetime import __doc__
 
 __all__ = ("date", "datetime", "time", "timedelta", "timezone", "tzinfo",
            "MINYEAR", "MAXYEAR", "UTC")
diff --git a/Lib/dbm/sqlite3.py b/Lib/dbm/sqlite3.py
index 74c9d9b7e2f1d8..7e0ae2a29e3a64 100644
--- a/Lib/dbm/sqlite3.py
+++ b/Lib/dbm/sqlite3.py
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 import os
 import sqlite3
-import sys
 from pathlib import Path
 from contextlib import suppress, closing
 from collections.abc import MutableMapping
diff --git a/Lib/decimal.py b/Lib/decimal.py
index d61e374b9f9998..530bdfb38953d9 100644
--- a/Lib/decimal.py
+++ b/Lib/decimal.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-"""Decimal fixed point and floating point arithmetic.
+"""Decimal fixed-point and floating-point arithmetic.
 
-This is an implementation of decimal floating point arithmetic based on
+This is an implementation of decimal floating-point arithmetic based on
 the General Decimal Arithmetic Specification:
 
     http://speleotrove.com/decimal/decarith.html
@@ -100,9 +100,10 @@
 
 try:
     from _decimal import *
-    from _decimal import __version__
-    from _decimal import __libmpdec_version__
+    from _decimal import __version__  # noqa: F401
+    from _decimal import __libmpdec_version__  # noqa: F401
 except ImportError:
-    from _pydecimal import *
-    from _pydecimal import __version__
-    from _pydecimal import __libmpdec_version__
+    import _pydecimal
+    import sys
+    _pydecimal.__doc__ = __doc__
+    sys.modules[__name__] = _pydecimal
diff --git a/Lib/difflib.py b/Lib/difflib.py
index 0443963b4fd697..7f595b6c72e641 100644
--- a/Lib/difflib.py
+++ b/Lib/difflib.py
@@ -1264,6 +1264,12 @@ def _check_types(a, b, *args):
     if b and not isinstance(b[0], str):
         raise TypeError('lines to compare must be str, not %s (%r)' %
                         (type(b[0]).__name__, b[0]))
+    if isinstance(a, str):
+        raise TypeError('input must be a sequence of strings, not %s' %
+                        type(a).__name__)
+    if isinstance(b, str):
+        raise TypeError('input must be a sequence of strings, not %s' %
+                        type(b).__name__)
     for arg in args:
         if not isinstance(arg, str):
             raise TypeError('all arguments must be str, not: %r' % (arg,))
diff --git a/Lib/dis.py b/Lib/dis.py
index f5bb7976b5fa62..db69848e9ab8ee 100644
--- a/Lib/dis.py
+++ b/Lib/dis.py
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
     _common_constants,
     _intrinsic_1_descs,
     _intrinsic_2_descs,
+    _special_method_names,
     _specializations,
     _specialized_opmap,
 )
@@ -31,7 +32,7 @@
 CONVERT_VALUE = opmap['CONVERT_VALUE']
 
 SET_FUNCTION_ATTRIBUTE = opmap['SET_FUNCTION_ATTRIBUTE']
-FUNCTION_ATTR_FLAGS = ('defaults', 'kwdefaults', 'annotations', 'closure')
+FUNCTION_ATTR_FLAGS = ('defaults', 'kwdefaults', 'annotations', 'closure', 'annotate')
 
 ENTER_EXECUTOR = opmap['ENTER_EXECUTOR']
 LOAD_CONST = opmap['LOAD_CONST']
@@ -46,9 +47,12 @@
 CALL_INTRINSIC_1 = opmap['CALL_INTRINSIC_1']
 CALL_INTRINSIC_2 = opmap['CALL_INTRINSIC_2']
 LOAD_COMMON_CONSTANT = opmap['LOAD_COMMON_CONSTANT']
+LOAD_SPECIAL = opmap['LOAD_SPECIAL']
 LOAD_FAST_LOAD_FAST = opmap['LOAD_FAST_LOAD_FAST']
 STORE_FAST_LOAD_FAST = opmap['STORE_FAST_LOAD_FAST']
 STORE_FAST_STORE_FAST = opmap['STORE_FAST_STORE_FAST']
+IS_OP = opmap['IS_OP']
+CONTAINS_OP = opmap['CONTAINS_OP']
 
 CACHE = opmap["CACHE"]
 
@@ -78,7 +82,7 @@ def _try_compile(source, name):
     return compile(source, name, 'exec')
 
 def dis(x=None, *, file=None, depth=None, show_caches=False, adaptive=False,
-        show_offsets=False):
+        show_offsets=False, show_positions=False):
     """Disassemble classes, methods, functions, and other compiled objects.
 
     With no argument, disassemble the last traceback.
@@ -89,7 +93,7 @@ def dis(x=None, *, file=None, depth=None, show_caches=False, adaptive=False,
     """
     if x is None:
         distb(file=file, show_caches=show_caches, adaptive=adaptive,
-              show_offsets=show_offsets)
+              show_offsets=show_offsets, show_positions=show_positions)
         return
     # Extract functions from methods.
     if hasattr(x, '__func__'):
@@ -110,12 +114,12 @@ def dis(x=None, *, file=None, depth=None, show_caches=False, adaptive=False,
             if isinstance(x1, _have_code):
                 print("Disassembly of %s:" % name, file=file)
                 try:
-                    dis(x1, file=file, depth=depth, show_caches=show_caches, adaptive=adaptive, show_offsets=show_offsets)
+                    dis(x1, file=file, depth=depth, show_caches=show_caches, adaptive=adaptive, show_offsets=show_offsets, show_positions=show_positions)
                 except TypeError as msg:
                     print("Sorry:", msg, file=file)
                 print(file=file)
     elif hasattr(x, 'co_code'): # Code object
-        _disassemble_recursive(x, file=file, depth=depth, show_caches=show_caches, adaptive=adaptive, show_offsets=show_offsets)
+        _disassemble_recursive(x, file=file, depth=depth, show_caches=show_caches, adaptive=adaptive, show_offsets=show_offsets, show_positions=show_positions)
     elif isinstance(x, (bytes, bytearray)): # Raw bytecode
         labels_map = _make_labels_map(x)
         label_width = 4 + len(str(len(labels_map)))
@@ -126,12 +130,12 @@ def dis(x=None, *, file=None, depth=None, show_caches=False, adaptive=False,
         arg_resolver = ArgResolver(labels_map=labels_map)
         _disassemble_bytes(x, arg_resolver=arg_resolver, formatter=formatter)
     elif isinstance(x, str):    # Source code
-        _disassemble_str(x, file=file, depth=depth, show_caches=show_caches, adaptive=adaptive, show_offsets=show_offsets)
+        _disassemble_str(x, file=file, depth=depth, show_caches=show_caches, adaptive=adaptive, show_offsets=show_offsets, show_positions=show_positions)
     else:
         raise TypeError("don't know how to disassemble %s objects" %
                         type(x).__name__)
 
-def distb(tb=None, *, file=None, show_caches=False, adaptive=False, show_offsets=False):
+def distb(tb=None, *, file=None, show_caches=False, adaptive=False, show_offsets=False, show_positions=False):
     """Disassemble a traceback (default: last traceback)."""
     if tb is None:
         try:
@@ -142,7 +146,7 @@ def distb(tb=None, *, file=None, show_caches=False, adaptive=False, show_offsets
         except AttributeError:
             raise RuntimeError("no last traceback to disassemble") from None
         while tb.tb_next: tb = tb.tb_next
-    disassemble(tb.tb_frame.f_code, tb.tb_lasti, file=file, show_caches=show_caches, adaptive=adaptive, show_offsets=show_offsets)
+    disassemble(tb.tb_frame.f_code, tb.tb_lasti, file=file, show_caches=show_caches, adaptive=adaptive, show_offsets=show_offsets, show_positions=show_positions)
 
 # The inspect module interrogates this dictionary to build its
 # list of CO_* constants. It is also used by pretty_flags to
@@ -425,21 +429,25 @@ def __str__(self):
 class Formatter:
 
     def __init__(self, file=None, lineno_width=0, offset_width=0, label_width=0,
-                       line_offset=0, show_caches=False):
+                 line_offset=0, show_caches=False, *, show_positions=False):
         """Create a Formatter
 
         *file* where to write the output
-        *lineno_width* sets the width of the line number field (0 omits it)
+        *lineno_width* sets the width of the source location field (0 omits it).
+        Should be large enough for a line number or full positions (depending
+        on the value of *show_positions*).
         *offset_width* sets the width of the instruction offset field
         *label_width* sets the width of the label field
         *show_caches* is a boolean indicating whether to display cache lines
-
+        *show_positions* is a boolean indicating whether full positions should
+        be reported instead of only the line numbers.
         """
         self.file = file
         self.lineno_width = lineno_width
         self.offset_width = offset_width
         self.label_width = label_width
         self.show_caches = show_caches
+        self.show_positions = show_positions
 
     def print_instruction(self, instr, mark_as_current=False):
         self.print_instruction_line(instr, mark_as_current)
@@ -472,15 +480,27 @@ def print_instruction_line(self, instr, mark_as_current):
             print(file=self.file)
 
         fields = []
-        # Column: Source code line number
+        # Column: Source code locations information
         if lineno_width:
-            if instr.starts_line:
-                lineno_fmt = "%%%dd" if instr.line_number is not None else "%%%ds"
-                lineno_fmt = lineno_fmt % lineno_width
-                lineno = _NO_LINENO if instr.line_number is None else instr.line_number
-                fields.append(lineno_fmt % lineno)
+            if self.show_positions:
+                # reporting positions instead of just line numbers
+                if instr_positions := instr.positions:
+                    if all(p is None for p in instr_positions):
+                        positions_str = _NO_LINENO
+                    else:
+                        ps = tuple('?' if p is None else p for p in instr_positions)
+                        positions_str = f"{ps[0]}:{ps[2]}-{ps[1]}:{ps[3]}"
+                    fields.append(f'{positions_str:{lineno_width}}')
+                else:
+                    fields.append(' ' * lineno_width)
             else:
-                fields.append(' ' * lineno_width)
+                if instr.starts_line:
+                    lineno_fmt = "%%%dd" if instr.line_number is not None else "%%%ds"
+                    lineno_fmt = lineno_fmt % lineno_width
+                    lineno = _NO_LINENO if instr.line_number is None else instr.line_number
+                    fields.append(lineno_fmt % lineno)
+                else:
+                    fields.append(' ' * lineno_width)
         # Column: Label
         if instr.label is not None:
             lbl = f"L{instr.label}:"
@@ -609,6 +629,12 @@ def get_argval_argrepr(self, op, arg, offset):
                     argrepr = obj.__name__
                 else:
                     argrepr = repr(obj)
+            elif deop == LOAD_SPECIAL:
+                argrepr = _special_method_names[arg]
+            elif deop == IS_OP:
+                argrepr = 'is not' if argval else 'is'
+            elif deop == CONTAINS_OP:
+                argrepr = 'not in' if argval else 'in'
         return argval, argrepr
 
 def get_instructions(x, *, first_line=None, show_caches=None, adaptive=False):
@@ -752,8 +778,10 @@ def _get_instructions_bytes(code, linestarts=None, line_offset=0, co_positions=N
 
         if caches:
             cache_info = []
+            cache_offset = offset
             for name, size in _cache_format[opname[deop]].items():
-                data = code[offset + 2: offset + 2 + 2 * size]
+                data = code[cache_offset + 2: cache_offset + 2 + 2 * size]
+                cache_offset += size * 2
                 cache_info.append((name, size, data))
         else:
             cache_info = None
@@ -765,17 +793,22 @@ def _get_instructions_bytes(code, linestarts=None, line_offset=0, co_positions=N
 
 
 def disassemble(co, lasti=-1, *, file=None, show_caches=False, adaptive=False,
-                show_offsets=False):
+                show_offsets=False, show_positions=False):
     """Disassemble a code object."""
     linestarts = dict(findlinestarts(co))
     exception_entries = _parse_exception_table(co)
+    if show_positions:
+        lineno_width = _get_positions_width(co)
+    else:
+        lineno_width = _get_lineno_width(linestarts)
     labels_map = _make_labels_map(co.co_code, exception_entries=exception_entries)
     label_width = 4 + len(str(len(labels_map)))
     formatter = Formatter(file=file,
-                          lineno_width=_get_lineno_width(linestarts),
+                          lineno_width=lineno_width,
                           offset_width=len(str(max(len(co.co_code) - 2, 9999))) if show_offsets else 0,
                           label_width=label_width,
-                          show_caches=show_caches)
+                          show_caches=show_caches,
+                          show_positions=show_positions)
     arg_resolver = ArgResolver(co_consts=co.co_consts,
                                names=co.co_names,
                                varname_from_oparg=co._varname_from_oparg,
@@ -784,8 +817,8 @@ def disassemble(co, lasti=-1, *, file=None, show_caches=False, adaptive=False,
                        exception_entries=exception_entries, co_positions=co.co_positions(),
                        original_code=co.co_code, arg_resolver=arg_resolver, formatter=formatter)
 
-def _disassemble_recursive(co, *, file=None, depth=None, show_caches=False, adaptive=False, show_offsets=False):
-    disassemble(co, file=file, show_caches=show_caches, adaptive=adaptive, show_offsets=show_offsets)
+def _disassemble_recursive(co, *, file=None, depth=None, show_caches=False, adaptive=False, show_offsets=False, show_positions=False):
+    disassemble(co, file=file, show_caches=show_caches, adaptive=adaptive, show_offsets=show_offsets, show_positions=show_positions)
     if depth is None or depth > 0:
         if depth is not None:
             depth = depth - 1
@@ -795,7 +828,7 @@ def _disassemble_recursive(co, *, file=None, depth=None, show_caches=False, adap
                 print("Disassembly of %r:" % (x,), file=file)
                 _disassemble_recursive(
                     x, file=file, depth=depth, show_caches=show_caches,
-                    adaptive=adaptive, show_offsets=show_offsets
+                    adaptive=adaptive, show_offsets=show_offsets, show_positions=show_positions
                 )
 
 
@@ -828,6 +861,22 @@ def _get_lineno_width(linestarts):
         lineno_width = len(_NO_LINENO)
     return lineno_width
 
+def _get_positions_width(code):
+    # Positions are formatted as 'LINE:COL-ENDLINE:ENDCOL ' (note trailing space).
+    # A missing component appears as '?', and when all components are None, we
+    # render '_NO_LINENO'. thus the minimum width is 1 + len(_NO_LINENO).
+    #
+    # If all values are missing, positions are not printed (i.e. positions_width = 0).
+    has_value = False
+    values_width = 0
+    for positions in code.co_positions():
+        has_value |= any(isinstance(p, int) for p in positions)
+        width = sum(1 if p is None else len(str(p)) for p in positions)
+        values_width = max(width, values_width)
+    if has_value:
+        # 3 = number of separators in a normal format
+        return 1 + max(len(_NO_LINENO), 3 + values_width)
+    return 0
 
 def _disassemble_bytes(code, lasti=-1, linestarts=None,
                        *, line_offset=0, exception_entries=(),
@@ -974,7 +1023,7 @@ class Bytecode:
 
     Iterating over this yields the bytecode operations as Instruction instances.
     """
-    def __init__(self, x, *, first_line=None, current_offset=None, show_caches=False, adaptive=False, show_offsets=False):
+    def __init__(self, x, *, first_line=None, current_offset=None, show_caches=False, adaptive=False, show_offsets=False, show_positions=False):
         self.codeobj = co = _get_code_object(x)
         if first_line is None:
             self.first_line = co.co_firstlineno
@@ -989,6 +1038,7 @@ def __init__(self, x, *, first_line=None, current_offset=None, show_caches=False
         self.show_caches = show_caches
         self.adaptive = adaptive
         self.show_offsets = show_offsets
+        self.show_positions = show_positions
 
     def __iter__(self):
         co = self.codeobj
@@ -1032,16 +1082,19 @@ def dis(self):
         with io.StringIO() as output:
             code = _get_code_array(co, self.adaptive)
             offset_width = len(str(max(len(code) - 2, 9999))) if self.show_offsets else 0
-
-
+            if self.show_positions:
+                lineno_width = _get_positions_width(co)
+            else:
+                lineno_width = _get_lineno_width(self._linestarts)
             labels_map = _make_labels_map(co.co_code, self.exception_entries)
             label_width = 4 + len(str(len(labels_map)))
             formatter = Formatter(file=output,
-                                  lineno_width=_get_lineno_width(self._linestarts),
+                                  lineno_width=lineno_width,
                                   offset_width=offset_width,
                                   label_width=label_width,
                                   line_offset=self._line_offset,
-                                  show_caches=self.show_caches)
+                                  show_caches=self.show_caches,
+                                  show_positions=self.show_positions)
 
             arg_resolver = ArgResolver(co_consts=co.co_consts,
                                        names=co.co_names,
@@ -1067,6 +1120,8 @@ def main():
                         help='show inline caches')
     parser.add_argument('-O', '--show-offsets', action='store_true',
                         help='show instruction offsets')
+    parser.add_argument('-P', '--show-positions', action='store_true',
+                        help='show instruction positions')
     parser.add_argument('infile', nargs='?', default='-')
     args = parser.parse_args()
     if args.infile == '-':
@@ -1077,7 +1132,7 @@ def main():
         with open(args.infile, 'rb') as infile:
             source = infile.read()
     code = compile(source, name, "exec")
-    dis(code, show_caches=args.show_caches, show_offsets=args.show_offsets)
+    dis(code, show_caches=args.show_caches, show_offsets=args.show_offsets, show_positions=args.show_positions)
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     main()
diff --git a/Lib/doctest.py b/Lib/doctest.py
index ea7d275c91db04..bb281fc483c41c 100644
--- a/Lib/doctest.py
+++ b/Lib/doctest.py
@@ -389,11 +389,11 @@ def __init__(self, out):
         # still use input() to get user input
         self.use_rawinput = 1
 
-    def set_trace(self, frame=None):
+    def set_trace(self, frame=None, *, commands=None):
         self.__debugger_used = True
         if frame is None:
             frame = sys._getframe().f_back
-        pdb.Pdb.set_trace(self, frame)
+        pdb.Pdb.set_trace(self, frame, commands=commands)
 
     def set_continue(self):
         # Calling set_continue unconditionally would break unit test
diff --git a/Lib/email/_header_value_parser.py b/Lib/email/_header_value_parser.py
index ab3c3031ef590c..ec2215a5e5f33c 100644
--- a/Lib/email/_header_value_parser.py
+++ b/Lib/email/_header_value_parser.py
@@ -92,6 +92,8 @@
 ASPECIALS = TSPECIALS | set("*'%")
 ATTRIBUTE_ENDS = ASPECIALS | WSP
 EXTENDED_ATTRIBUTE_ENDS = ATTRIBUTE_ENDS - set('%')
+NLSET = {'\n', '\r'}
+SPECIALSNL = SPECIALS | NLSET
 
 def quote_string(value):
     return '"'+str(value).replace('\\', '\\\\').replace('"', r'\"')+'"'
@@ -2802,9 +2804,13 @@ def _refold_parse_tree(parse_tree, *, policy):
             wrap_as_ew_blocked -= 1
             continue
         tstr = str(part)
-        if part.token_type == 'ptext' and set(tstr) & SPECIALS:
-            # Encode if tstr contains special characters.
-            want_encoding = True
+        if not want_encoding:
+            if part.token_type == 'ptext':
+                # Encode if tstr contains special characters.
+                want_encoding = not SPECIALSNL.isdisjoint(tstr)
+            else:
+                # Encode if tstr contains newlines.
+                want_encoding = not NLSET.isdisjoint(tstr)
         try:
             tstr.encode(encoding)
             charset = encoding
@@ -2988,6 +2994,7 @@ def _fold_as_ew(to_encode, lines, maxlen, last_ew, ew_combine_allowed, charset,
             excess = len(encoded_word) - remaining_space
         lines[-1] += encoded_word
         to_encode = to_encode[len(to_encode_word):]
+        leading_whitespace = ''
 
         if to_encode:
             lines.append(' ')
diff --git a/Lib/email/_policybase.py b/Lib/email/_policybase.py
index 1c76ed63b61ae8..c7694a44e26639 100644
--- a/Lib/email/_policybase.py
+++ b/Lib/email/_policybase.py
@@ -157,6 +157,13 @@ class Policy(_PolicyBase, metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
     message_factory     -- the class to use to create new message objects.
                            If the value is None, the default is Message.
 
+    verify_generated_headers
+                        -- if true, the generator verifies that each header
+                           they are properly folded, so that a parser won't
+                           treat it as multiple headers, start-of-body, or
+                           part of another header.
+                           This is a check against custom Header & fold()
+                           implementations.
     """
 
     raise_on_defect = False
@@ -165,6 +172,7 @@ class Policy(_PolicyBase, metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
     max_line_length = 78
     mangle_from_ = False
     message_factory = None
+    verify_generated_headers = True
 
     def handle_defect(self, obj, defect):
         """Based on policy, either raise defect or call register_defect.
diff --git a/Lib/email/errors.py b/Lib/email/errors.py
index 3ad00565549968..02aa5eced6ae46 100644
--- a/Lib/email/errors.py
+++ b/Lib/email/errors.py
@@ -29,6 +29,10 @@ class CharsetError(MessageError):
     """An illegal charset was given."""
 
 
+class HeaderWriteError(MessageError):
+    """Error while writing headers."""
+
+
 # These are parsing defects which the parser was able to work around.
 class MessageDefect(ValueError):
     """Base class for a message defect."""
diff --git a/Lib/email/generator.py b/Lib/email/generator.py
index 9d058ceada24f8..205caf0fe9e81d 100644
--- a/Lib/email/generator.py
+++ b/Lib/email/generator.py
@@ -14,12 +14,14 @@
 from copy import deepcopy
 from io import StringIO, BytesIO
 from email.utils import _has_surrogates
+from email.errors import HeaderWriteError
 
 UNDERSCORE = '_'
 NL = '\n'  # XXX: no longer used by the code below.
 
 NLCRE = re.compile(r'\r\n|\r|\n')
 fcre = re.compile(r'^From ', re.MULTILINE)
+NEWLINE_WITHOUT_FWSP = re.compile(r'\r\n[^ \t]|\r[^ \n\t]|\n[^ \t]')
 
 
 class Generator:
@@ -222,7 +224,16 @@ def _dispatch(self, msg):
 
     def _write_headers(self, msg):
         for h, v in msg.raw_items():
-            self.write(self.policy.fold(h, v))
+            folded = self.policy.fold(h, v)
+            if self.policy.verify_generated_headers:
+                linesep = self.policy.linesep
+                if not folded.endswith(linesep):
+                    raise HeaderWriteError(
+                        f'folded header does not end with {linesep!r}: {folded!r}')
+                if NEWLINE_WITHOUT_FWSP.search(folded.removesuffix(linesep)):
+                    raise HeaderWriteError(
+                        f'folded header contains newline: {folded!r}')
+            self.write(folded)
         # A blank line always separates headers from body
         self.write(self._NL)
 
diff --git a/Lib/email/utils.py b/Lib/email/utils.py
index 6d897ca8eeee91..f276303197396b 100644
--- a/Lib/email/utils.py
+++ b/Lib/email/utils.py
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ def formatdate(timeval=None, localtime=False, usegmt=False):
 
     Fri, 09 Nov 2001 01:08:47 -0000
 
-    Optional timeval if given is a floating point time value as accepted by
+    Optional timeval if given is a floating-point time value as accepted by
     gmtime() and localtime(), otherwise the current time is used.
 
     Optional localtime is a flag that when True, interprets timeval, and
diff --git a/Lib/ensurepip/__init__.py b/Lib/ensurepip/__init__.py
index e8dd253bb55520..585afc85836c06 100644
--- a/Lib/ensurepip/__init__.py
+++ b/Lib/ensurepip/__init__.py
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 
 
 __all__ = ["version", "bootstrap"]
-_PIP_VERSION = "24.0"
+_PIP_VERSION = "24.2"
 
 # Directory of system wheel packages. Some Linux distribution packaging
 # policies recommend against bundling dependencies. For example, Fedora
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ def _uninstall_helper(*, verbosity=0):
 
 def _main(argv=None):
     import argparse
-    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog="python -m ensurepip")
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
     parser.add_argument(
         "--version",
         action="version",
diff --git a/Lib/ensurepip/_bundled/pip-24.0-py3-none-any.whl b/Lib/ensurepip/_bundled/pip-24.0-py3-none-any.whl
deleted file mode 100644
index 2e6aa9d2cb9923..00000000000000
Binary files a/Lib/ensurepip/_bundled/pip-24.0-py3-none-any.whl and /dev/null differ
diff --git a/Lib/ensurepip/_bundled/pip-24.2-py3-none-any.whl b/Lib/ensurepip/_bundled/pip-24.2-py3-none-any.whl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..542cdd1e7284ae
Binary files /dev/null and b/Lib/ensurepip/_bundled/pip-24.2-py3-none-any.whl differ
diff --git a/Lib/ensurepip/_uninstall.py b/Lib/ensurepip/_uninstall.py
index b257904328d2f5..4183c28a809008 100644
--- a/Lib/ensurepip/_uninstall.py
+++ b/Lib/ensurepip/_uninstall.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 
 def _main(argv=None):
-    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog="python -m ensurepip._uninstall")
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
     parser.add_argument(
         "--version",
         action="version",
diff --git a/Lib/enum.py b/Lib/enum.py
index c36fc75a24a239..27be3fb83b2afb 100644
--- a/Lib/enum.py
+++ b/Lib/enum.py
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ def __get__(self, instance, ownerclass=None):
             # use previous enum.property
             return self.fget(instance)
         elif self._attr_type == 'attr':
-            # look up previous attibute
+            # look up previous attribute
             return getattr(self._cls_type, self.name)
         elif self._attr_type == 'desc':
             # use previous descriptor
@@ -327,6 +327,8 @@ def __set_name__(self, enum_class, member_name):
             # to the map, and by-value lookups for this value will be
             # linear.
             enum_class._value2member_map_.setdefault(value, enum_member)
+            if value not in enum_class._hashable_values_:
+                enum_class._hashable_values_.append(value)
         except TypeError:
             # keep track of the value in a list so containment checks are quick
             enum_class._unhashable_values_.append(value)
@@ -442,7 +444,7 @@ def __setitem__(self, key, value):
                         # accepts iterable as multiple arguments?
                         value = t(auto_valued)
                     except TypeError:
-                        # then pass them in singlely
+                        # then pass them in singly
                         value = t(*auto_valued)
             self._member_names[key] = None
             if non_auto_store:
@@ -538,7 +540,8 @@ def __new__(metacls, cls, bases, classdict, *, boundary=None, _simple=False, **k
         classdict['_member_names_'] = []
         classdict['_member_map_'] = {}
         classdict['_value2member_map_'] = {}
-        classdict['_unhashable_values_'] = []
+        classdict['_hashable_values_'] = []          # for comparing with non-hashable types
+        classdict['_unhashable_values_'] = []       # e.g. frozenset() with set()
         classdict['_unhashable_values_map_'] = {}
         classdict['_member_type_'] = member_type
         # now set the __repr__ for the value
@@ -554,22 +557,16 @@ def __new__(metacls, cls, bases, classdict, *, boundary=None, _simple=False, **k
         classdict['_all_bits_'] = 0
         classdict['_inverted_'] = None
         try:
-            exc = None
             classdict['_%s__in_progress' % cls] = True
             enum_class = super().__new__(metacls, cls, bases, classdict, **kwds)
             classdict['_%s__in_progress' % cls] = False
             delattr(enum_class, '_%s__in_progress' % cls)
         except Exception as e:
-            # since 3.12 the line "Error calling __set_name__ on '_proto_member' instance ..."
-            # is tacked on to the error instead of raising a RuntimeError
-            # recreate the exception to discard
-            exc = type(e)(str(e))
-            exc.__cause__ = e.__cause__
-            exc.__context__ = e.__context__
-            tb = e.__traceback__
-        if exc is not None:
-            raise exc.with_traceback(tb)
-        #
+            # since 3.12 the note "Error calling __set_name__ on '_proto_member' instance ..."
+            # is tacked on to the error instead of raising a RuntimeError, so discard it
+            if hasattr(e, '__notes__'):
+                del e.__notes__
+            raise
         # update classdict with any changes made by __init_subclass__
         classdict.update(enum_class.__dict__)
         #
@@ -748,7 +745,10 @@ def __contains__(cls, value):
         try:
             return value in cls._value2member_map_
         except TypeError:
-            return value in cls._unhashable_values_
+            return (
+                    value in cls._unhashable_values_    # both structures are lists
+                    or value in cls._hashable_values_
+                    )
 
     def __delattr__(cls, attr):
         # nicer error message when someone tries to delete an attribute
@@ -1092,6 +1092,21 @@ def _add_member_(cls, name, member):
         # now add to _member_map_ (even aliases)
         cls._member_map_[name] = member
 
+    @property
+    def __signature__(cls):
+        from inspect import Parameter, Signature
+        if cls._member_names_:
+            return Signature([Parameter('values', Parameter.VAR_POSITIONAL)])
+        else:
+            return Signature([Parameter('new_class_name', Parameter.POSITIONAL_ONLY),
+                              Parameter('names', Parameter.POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD),
+                              Parameter('module', Parameter.KEYWORD_ONLY, default=None),
+                              Parameter('qualname', Parameter.KEYWORD_ONLY, default=None),
+                              Parameter('type', Parameter.KEYWORD_ONLY, default=None),
+                              Parameter('start', Parameter.KEYWORD_ONLY, default=1),
+                              Parameter('boundary', Parameter.KEYWORD_ONLY, default=None)])
+
+
 EnumMeta = EnumType         # keep EnumMeta name for backwards compatibility
 
 
@@ -1135,13 +1150,6 @@ class Enum(metaclass=EnumType):
     attributes -- see the documentation for details.
     """
 
-    @classmethod
-    def __signature__(cls):
-        if cls._member_names_:
-            return '(*values)'
-        else:
-            return '(new_class_name, /, names, *, module=None, qualname=None, type=None, start=1, boundary=None)'
-
     def __new__(cls, value):
         # all enum instances are actually created during class construction
         # without calling this method; this method is called by the metaclass'
@@ -1158,8 +1166,11 @@ def __new__(cls, value):
             pass
         except TypeError:
             # not there, now do long search -- O(n) behavior
-            for name, values in cls._unhashable_values_map_.items():
-                if value in values:
+            for name, unhashable_values in cls._unhashable_values_map_.items():
+                if value in unhashable_values:
+                    return cls[name]
+            for name, member in cls._member_map_.items():
+                if value == member._value_:
                     return cls[name]
         # still not found -- verify that members exist, in-case somebody got here mistakenly
         # (such as via super when trying to override __new__)
@@ -1225,6 +1236,7 @@ def _add_value_alias_(self, value):
             # to the map, and by-value lookups for this value will be
             # linear.
             cls._value2member_map_.setdefault(value, self)
+            cls._hashable_values_.append(value)
         except TypeError:
             # keep track of the value in a list so containment checks are quick
             cls._unhashable_values_.append(value)
@@ -1755,6 +1767,7 @@ def convert_class(cls):
         body['_member_names_'] = member_names = []
         body['_member_map_'] = member_map = {}
         body['_value2member_map_'] = value2member_map = {}
+        body['_hashable_values_'] = hashable_values = []
         body['_unhashable_values_'] = unhashable_values = []
         body['_unhashable_values_map_'] = {}
         body['_member_type_'] = member_type = etype._member_type_
@@ -1818,7 +1831,7 @@ def convert_class(cls):
                     contained = value2member_map.get(member._value_)
                 except TypeError:
                     contained = None
-                    if member._value_ in unhashable_values:
+                    if member._value_ in unhashable_values or member.value in hashable_values:
                         for m in enum_class:
                             if m._value_ == member._value_:
                                 contained = m
@@ -1838,6 +1851,7 @@ def convert_class(cls):
                     else:
                         enum_class._add_member_(name, member)
                     value2member_map[value] = member
+                    hashable_values.append(value)
                     if _is_single_bit(value):
                         # not a multi-bit alias, record in _member_names_ and _flag_mask_
                         member_names.append(name)
@@ -1874,7 +1888,7 @@ def convert_class(cls):
                     contained = value2member_map.get(member._value_)
                 except TypeError:
                     contained = None
-                    if member._value_ in unhashable_values:
+                    if member._value_ in unhashable_values or member._value_ in hashable_values:
                         for m in enum_class:
                             if m._value_ == member._value_:
                                 contained = m
@@ -1900,6 +1914,8 @@ def convert_class(cls):
                         # to the map, and by-value lookups for this value will be
                         # linear.
                         enum_class._value2member_map_.setdefault(value, member)
+                        if value not in hashable_values:
+                            hashable_values.append(value)
                     except TypeError:
                         # keep track of the value in a list so containment checks are quick
                         enum_class._unhashable_values_.append(value)
diff --git a/Lib/filecmp.py b/Lib/filecmp.py
index 6ffc71fc059a80..c5b8d854d77de3 100644
--- a/Lib/filecmp.py
+++ b/Lib/filecmp.py
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ def _do_cmp(f1, f2):
 class dircmp:
     """A class that manages the comparison of 2 directories.
 
-    dircmp(a, b, ignore=None, hide=None, shallow=True)
+    dircmp(a, b, ignore=None, hide=None, *, shallow=True)
       A and B are directories.
       IGNORE is a list of names to ignore,
         defaults to DEFAULT_IGNORES.
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ class dircmp:
        in common_dirs.
      """
 
-    def __init__(self, a, b, ignore=None, hide=None, shallow=True): # Initialize
+    def __init__(self, a, b, ignore=None, hide=None, *, shallow=True): # Initialize
         self.left = a
         self.right = b
         if hide is None:
@@ -164,12 +164,14 @@ def phase2(self): # Distinguish files, directories, funnies
             ok = True
             try:
                 a_stat = os.stat(a_path)
-            except OSError:
+            except (OSError, ValueError):
+                # See https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/122400
+                # for the rationale for protecting against ValueError.
                 # print('Can\'t stat', a_path, ':', why.args[1])
                 ok = False
             try:
                 b_stat = os.stat(b_path)
-            except OSError:
+            except (OSError, ValueError):
                 # print('Can\'t stat', b_path, ':', why.args[1])
                 ok = False
 
@@ -201,7 +203,7 @@ def phase4(self): # Find out differences between common subdirectories
             a_x = os.path.join(self.left, x)
             b_x = os.path.join(self.right, x)
             self.subdirs[x]  = self.__class__(a_x, b_x, self.ignore, self.hide,
-                                              self.shallow)
+                                              shallow=self.shallow)
 
     def phase4_closure(self): # Recursively call phase4() on subdirectories
         self.phase4()
@@ -285,12 +287,12 @@ def cmpfiles(a, b, common, shallow=True):
 # Return:
 #       0 for equal
 #       1 for different
-#       2 for funny cases (can't stat, etc.)
+#       2 for funny cases (can't stat, NUL bytes, etc.)
 #
 def _cmp(a, b, sh, abs=abs, cmp=cmp):
     try:
         return not abs(cmp(a, b, sh))
-    except OSError:
+    except (OSError, ValueError):
         return 2
 
 
diff --git a/Lib/fractions.py b/Lib/fractions.py
index 565503911bbe97..f0cbc8c2e6c012 100644
--- a/Lib/fractions.py
+++ b/Lib/fractions.py
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 
 """Fraction, infinite-precision, rational numbers."""
 
-from decimal import Decimal
 import functools
 import math
 import numbers
@@ -244,7 +243,9 @@ def __new__(cls, numerator=0, denominator=None):
                 self._denominator = numerator.denominator
                 return self
 
-            elif isinstance(numerator, (float, Decimal)):
+            elif (isinstance(numerator, float) or
+                  (not isinstance(numerator, type) and
+                   hasattr(numerator, 'as_integer_ratio'))):
                 # Exact conversion
                 self._numerator, self._denominator = numerator.as_integer_ratio()
                 return self
@@ -278,8 +279,8 @@ def __new__(cls, numerator=0, denominator=None):
                     numerator = -numerator
 
             else:
-                raise TypeError("argument should be a string "
-                                "or a Rational instance")
+                raise TypeError("argument should be a string or a Rational "
+                                "instance or have the as_integer_ratio() method")
 
         elif type(numerator) is int is type(denominator):
             pass # *very* normal case
@@ -305,6 +306,28 @@ def __new__(cls, numerator=0, denominator=None):
         self._denominator = denominator
         return self
 
+    @classmethod
+    def from_number(cls, number):
+        """Converts a finite real number to a rational number, exactly.
+
+        Beware that Fraction.from_number(0.3) != Fraction(3, 10).
+
+        """
+        if type(number) is int:
+            return cls._from_coprime_ints(number, 1)
+
+        elif isinstance(number, numbers.Rational):
+            return cls._from_coprime_ints(number.numerator, number.denominator)
+
+        elif (isinstance(number, float) or
+              (not isinstance(number, type) and
+               hasattr(number, 'as_integer_ratio'))):
+            return cls._from_coprime_ints(*number.as_integer_ratio())
+
+        else:
+            raise TypeError("argument should be a Rational instance or "
+                            "have the as_integer_ratio() method")
+
     @classmethod
     def from_float(cls, f):
         """Converts a finite float to a rational number, exactly.
diff --git a/Lib/functools.py b/Lib/functools.py
index a80e1a6c6a56ac..9d53d3601559b2 100644
--- a/Lib/functools.py
+++ b/Lib/functools.py
@@ -6,23 +6,22 @@
 # Written by Nick Coghlan <ncoghlan at gmail.com>,
 # Raymond Hettinger <python at rcn.com>,
 # and Łukasz Langa <lukasz at langa.pl>.
-#   Copyright (C) 2006-2013 Python Software Foundation.
+#   Copyright (C) 2006-2024 Python Software Foundation.
 # See C source code for _functools credits/copyright
 
 __all__ = ['update_wrapper', 'wraps', 'WRAPPER_ASSIGNMENTS', 'WRAPPER_UPDATES',
            'total_ordering', 'cache', 'cmp_to_key', 'lru_cache', 'reduce',
            'partial', 'partialmethod', 'singledispatch', 'singledispatchmethod',
-           'cached_property']
+           'cached_property', 'Placeholder']
 
 from abc import get_cache_token
 from collections import namedtuple
-# import types, weakref  # Deferred to single_dispatch()
+# import weakref  # Deferred to single_dispatch()
+from operator import itemgetter
 from reprlib import recursive_repr
+from types import GenericAlias, MethodType, MappingProxyType, UnionType
 from _thread import RLock
 
-# Avoid importing types, so we can speedup import time
-GenericAlias = type(list[int])
-
 ################################################################################
 ### update_wrapper() and wraps() decorator
 ################################################################################
@@ -31,7 +30,7 @@
 # wrapper functions that can handle naive introspection
 
 WRAPPER_ASSIGNMENTS = ('__module__', '__name__', '__qualname__', '__doc__',
-                       '__annotations__', '__type_params__')
+                       '__annotate__', '__type_params__')
 WRAPPER_UPDATES = ('__dict__',)
 def update_wrapper(wrapper,
                    wrapped,
@@ -273,43 +272,130 @@ def reduce(function, sequence, initial=_initial_missing):
 ### partial() argument application
 ################################################################################
 
-# Purely functional, no descriptor behaviour
-class partial:
-    """New function with partial application of the given arguments
-    and keywords.
+
+class _PlaceholderType:
+    """The type of the Placeholder singleton.
+
+    Used as a placeholder for partial arguments.
     """
+    __instance = None
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+    def __init_subclass__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
+        raise TypeError(f"type '{cls.__name__}' is not an acceptable base type")
 
-    __slots__ = "func", "args", "keywords", "__dict__", "__weakref__"
+    def __new__(cls):
+        if cls.__instance is None:
+            cls.__instance = object.__new__(cls)
+        return cls.__instance
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return 'Placeholder'
 
-    def __new__(cls, func, /, *args, **keywords):
+    def __reduce__(self):
+        return 'Placeholder'
+
+Placeholder = _PlaceholderType()
+
+def _partial_prepare_merger(args):
+    if not args:
+        return 0, None
+    nargs = len(args)
+    order = []
+    j = nargs
+    for i, a in enumerate(args):
+        if a is Placeholder:
+            order.append(j)
+            j += 1
+        else:
+            order.append(i)
+    phcount = j - nargs
+    merger = itemgetter(*order) if phcount else None
+    return phcount, merger
+
+def _partial_new(cls, func, /, *args, **keywords):
+    if issubclass(cls, partial):
+        base_cls = partial
         if not callable(func):
             raise TypeError("the first argument must be callable")
+    else:
+        base_cls = partialmethod
+        # func could be a descriptor like classmethod which isn't callable
+        if not callable(func) and not hasattr(func, "__get__"):
+            raise TypeError(f"the first argument {func!r} must be a callable "
+                            "or a descriptor")
+    if args and args[-1] is Placeholder:
+        raise TypeError("trailing Placeholders are not allowed")
+    if isinstance(func, base_cls):
+        pto_phcount = func._phcount
+        tot_args = func.args
+        if args:
+            tot_args += args
+            if pto_phcount:
+                # merge args with args of `func` which is `partial`
+                nargs = len(args)
+                if nargs < pto_phcount:
+                    tot_args += (Placeholder,) * (pto_phcount - nargs)
+                tot_args = func._merger(tot_args)
+                if nargs > pto_phcount:
+                    tot_args += args[pto_phcount:]
+            phcount, merger = _partial_prepare_merger(tot_args)
+        else:   # works for both pto_phcount == 0 and != 0
+            phcount, merger = pto_phcount, func._merger
+        keywords = {**func.keywords, **keywords}
+        func = func.func
+    else:
+        tot_args = args
+        phcount, merger = _partial_prepare_merger(tot_args)
+
+    self = object.__new__(cls)
+    self.func = func
+    self.args = tot_args
+    self.keywords = keywords
+    self._phcount = phcount
+    self._merger = merger
+    return self
+
+def _partial_repr(self):
+    cls = type(self)
+    module = cls.__module__
+    qualname = cls.__qualname__
+    args = [repr(self.func)]
+    args.extend(map(repr, self.args))
+    args.extend(f"{k}={v!r}" for k, v in self.keywords.items())
+    return f"{module}.{qualname}({', '.join(args)})"
 
-        if isinstance(func, partial):
-            args = func.args + args
-            keywords = {**func.keywords, **keywords}
-            func = func.func
+# Purely functional, no descriptor behaviour
+class partial:
+    """New function with partial application of the given arguments
+    and keywords.
+    """
 
-        self = super(partial, cls).__new__(cls)
+    __slots__ = ("func", "args", "keywords", "_phcount", "_merger",
+                 "__dict__", "__weakref__")
 
-        self.func = func
-        self.args = args
-        self.keywords = keywords
-        return self
+    __new__ = _partial_new
+    __repr__ = recursive_repr()(_partial_repr)
 
     def __call__(self, /, *args, **keywords):
+        phcount = self._phcount
+        if phcount:
+            try:
+                pto_args = self._merger(self.args + args)
+                args = args[phcount:]
+            except IndexError:
+                raise TypeError("missing positional arguments "
+                                "in 'partial' call; expected "
+                                f"at least {phcount}, got {len(args)}")
+        else:
+            pto_args = self.args
         keywords = {**self.keywords, **keywords}
-        return self.func(*self.args, *args, **keywords)
+        return self.func(*pto_args, *args, **keywords)
 
-    @recursive_repr()
-    def __repr__(self):
-        cls = type(self)
-        qualname = cls.__qualname__
-        module = cls.__module__
-        args = [repr(self.func)]
-        args.extend(repr(x) for x in self.args)
-        args.extend(f"{k}={v!r}" for (k, v) in self.keywords.items())
-        return f"{module}.{qualname}({', '.join(args)})"
+    def __get__(self, obj, objtype=None):
+        if obj is None:
+            return self
+        return MethodType(self, obj)
 
     def __reduce__(self):
         return type(self), (self.func,), (self.func, self.args,
@@ -326,6 +412,10 @@ def __setstate__(self, state):
            (namespace is not None and not isinstance(namespace, dict))):
             raise TypeError("invalid partial state")
 
+        if args and args[-1] is Placeholder:
+            raise TypeError("trailing Placeholders are not allowed")
+        phcount, merger = _partial_prepare_merger(args)
+
         args = tuple(args) # just in case it's a subclass
         if kwds is None:
             kwds = {}
@@ -338,55 +428,40 @@ def __setstate__(self, state):
         self.func = func
         self.args = args
         self.keywords = kwds
+        self._phcount = phcount
+        self._merger = merger
 
 try:
-    from _functools import partial
+    from _functools import partial, Placeholder, _PlaceholderType
 except ImportError:
     pass
 
 # Descriptor version
-class partialmethod(object):
+class partialmethod:
     """Method descriptor with partial application of the given arguments
     and keywords.
 
     Supports wrapping existing descriptors and handles non-descriptor
     callables as instance methods.
     """
-
-    def __init__(self, func, /, *args, **keywords):
-        if not callable(func) and not hasattr(func, "__get__"):
-            raise TypeError("{!r} is not callable or a descriptor"
-                                 .format(func))
-
-        # func could be a descriptor like classmethod which isn't callable,
-        # so we can't inherit from partial (it verifies func is callable)
-        if isinstance(func, partialmethod):
-            # flattening is mandatory in order to place cls/self before all
-            # other arguments
-            # it's also more efficient since only one function will be called
-            self.func = func.func
-            self.args = func.args + args
-            self.keywords = {**func.keywords, **keywords}
-        else:
-            self.func = func
-            self.args = args
-            self.keywords = keywords
-
-    def __repr__(self):
-        args = ", ".join(map(repr, self.args))
-        keywords = ", ".join("{}={!r}".format(k, v)
-                                 for k, v in self.keywords.items())
-        format_string = "{module}.{cls}({func}, {args}, {keywords})"
-        return format_string.format(module=self.__class__.__module__,
-                                    cls=self.__class__.__qualname__,
-                                    func=self.func,
-                                    args=args,
-                                    keywords=keywords)
+    __new__ = _partial_new
+    __repr__ = _partial_repr
 
     def _make_unbound_method(self):
         def _method(cls_or_self, /, *args, **keywords):
+            phcount = self._phcount
+            if phcount:
+                try:
+                    pto_args = self._merger(self.args + args)
+                    args = args[phcount:]
+                except IndexError:
+                    raise TypeError("missing positional arguments "
+                                    "in 'partialmethod' call; expected "
+                                    f"at least {phcount}, got {len(args)}")
+            else:
+                pto_args = self.args
             keywords = {**self.keywords, **keywords}
-            return self.func(cls_or_self, *self.args, *args, **keywords)
+            return self.func(cls_or_self, *pto_args, *args, **keywords)
         _method.__isabstractmethod__ = self.__isabstractmethod__
         _method.__partialmethod__ = self
         return _method
@@ -822,7 +897,7 @@ def singledispatch(func):
     # There are many programs that use functools without singledispatch, so we
     # trade-off making singledispatch marginally slower for the benefit of
     # making start-up of such applications slightly faster.
-    import types, weakref
+    import weakref
 
     registry = {}
     dispatch_cache = weakref.WeakKeyDictionary()
@@ -853,7 +928,7 @@ def dispatch(cls):
 
     def _is_union_type(cls):
         from typing import get_origin, Union
-        return get_origin(cls) in {Union, types.UnionType}
+        return get_origin(cls) in {Union, UnionType}
 
     def _is_valid_dispatch_type(cls):
         if isinstance(cls, type):
@@ -878,8 +953,8 @@ def register(cls, func=None):
                     f"Invalid first argument to `register()`. "
                     f"{cls!r} is not a class or union type."
                 )
-            ann = getattr(cls, '__annotations__', {})
-            if not ann:
+            ann = getattr(cls, '__annotate__', None)
+            if ann is None:
                 raise TypeError(
                     f"Invalid first argument to `register()`: {cls!r}. "
                     f"Use either `@register(some_class)` or plain `@register` "
@@ -889,13 +964,19 @@ def register(cls, func=None):
 
             # only import typing if annotation parsing is necessary
             from typing import get_type_hints
-            argname, cls = next(iter(get_type_hints(func).items()))
+            from annotationlib import Format, ForwardRef
+            argname, cls = next(iter(get_type_hints(func, format=Format.FORWARDREF).items()))
             if not _is_valid_dispatch_type(cls):
                 if _is_union_type(cls):
                     raise TypeError(
                         f"Invalid annotation for {argname!r}. "
                         f"{cls!r} not all arguments are classes."
                     )
+                elif isinstance(cls, ForwardRef):
+                    raise TypeError(
+                        f"Invalid annotation for {argname!r}. "
+                        f"{cls!r} is an unresolved forward reference."
+                    )
                 else:
                     raise TypeError(
                         f"Invalid annotation for {argname!r}. "
@@ -924,7 +1005,7 @@ def wrapper(*args, **kw):
     registry[object] = func
     wrapper.register = register
     wrapper.dispatch = dispatch
-    wrapper.registry = types.MappingProxyType(registry)
+    wrapper.registry = MappingProxyType(registry)
     wrapper._clear_cache = dispatch_cache.clear
     update_wrapper(wrapper, func)
     return wrapper
diff --git a/Lib/gettext.py b/Lib/gettext.py
index 62cff81b7b3d49..a0d81cf846a05c 100644
--- a/Lib/gettext.py
+++ b/Lib/gettext.py
@@ -648,7 +648,7 @@ def npgettext(context, msgid1, msgid2, n):
 #    import gettext
 #    cat = gettext.Catalog(PACKAGE, localedir=LOCALEDIR)
 #    _ = cat.gettext
-#    print _('Hello World')
+#    print(_('Hello World'))
 
 # The resulting catalog object currently don't support access through a
 # dictionary API, which was supported (but apparently unused) in GNOME
diff --git a/Lib/glob.py b/Lib/glob.py
index fbb1d35aab71fa..574e5ad51b601d 100644
--- a/Lib/glob.py
+++ b/Lib/glob.py
@@ -328,8 +328,8 @@ def _compile_pattern(pat, sep, case_sensitive, recursive=True):
     return re.compile(regex, flags=flags).match
 
 
-class _Globber:
-    """Class providing shell-style pattern matching and globbing.
+class _GlobberBase:
+    """Abstract class providing shell-style pattern matching and globbing.
     """
 
     def __init__(self, sep, case_sensitive, case_pedantic=False, recursive=False):
@@ -338,29 +338,37 @@ def __init__(self, sep, case_sensitive, case_pedantic=False, recursive=False):
         self.case_pedantic = case_pedantic
         self.recursive = recursive
 
-    # Low-level methods
+    # Abstract methods
 
-    lexists = operator.methodcaller('exists', follow_symlinks=False)
-    add_slash = operator.methodcaller('joinpath', '')
+    @staticmethod
+    def lexists(path):
+        """Implements os.path.lexists().
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
 
     @staticmethod
     def scandir(path):
-        """Emulates os.scandir(), which returns an object that can be used as
-        a context manager. This method is called by walk() and glob().
+        """Implements os.scandir().
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def add_slash(path):
+        """Returns a path with a trailing slash added.
         """
-        return contextlib.nullcontext(path.iterdir())
+        raise NotImplementedError
 
     @staticmethod
     def concat_path(path, text):
-        """Appends text to the given path.
+        """Implements path concatenation.
         """
-        return path.with_segments(path._raw_path + text)
+        raise NotImplementedError
 
     @staticmethod
     def parse_entry(entry):
         """Returns the path of an entry yielded from scandir().
         """
-        return entry
+        raise NotImplementedError
 
     # High-level methods
 
@@ -520,7 +528,9 @@ def select_exists(self, path, exists=False):
             yield path
 
 
-class _StringGlobber(_Globber):
+class _StringGlobber(_GlobberBase):
+    """Provides shell-style pattern matching and globbing for string paths.
+    """
     lexists = staticmethod(os.path.lexists)
     scandir = staticmethod(os.scandir)
     parse_entry = operator.attrgetter('path')
diff --git a/Lib/graphlib.py b/Lib/graphlib.py
index 636545648e12d3..1438a5fc54b9cb 100644
--- a/Lib/graphlib.py
+++ b/Lib/graphlib.py
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ def prepare(self):
         # nodes as possible before cycles block more progress
         cycle = self._find_cycle()
         if cycle:
-            raise CycleError(f"nodes are in a cycle", cycle)
+            raise CycleError("nodes are in a cycle", cycle)
 
     def get_ready(self):
         """Return a tuple of all the nodes that are ready.
diff --git a/Lib/gzip.py b/Lib/gzip.py
index 0d19c84c59cfa7..1a3c82ce7e0711 100644
--- a/Lib/gzip.py
+++ b/Lib/gzip.py
@@ -580,43 +580,21 @@ def _rewind(self):
         self._new_member = True
 
 
-def _create_simple_gzip_header(compresslevel: int,
-                               mtime = None) -> bytes:
-    """
-    Write a simple gzip header with no extra fields.
-    :param compresslevel: Compresslevel used to determine the xfl bytes.
-    :param mtime: The mtime (must support conversion to a 32-bit integer).
-    :return: A bytes object representing the gzip header.
-    """
-    if mtime is None:
-        mtime = time.time()
-    if compresslevel == _COMPRESS_LEVEL_BEST:
-        xfl = 2
-    elif compresslevel == _COMPRESS_LEVEL_FAST:
-        xfl = 4
-    else:
-        xfl = 0
-    # Pack ID1 and ID2 magic bytes, method (8=deflate), header flags (no extra
-    # fields added to header), mtime, xfl and os (255 for unknown OS).
-    return struct.pack("<BBBBLBB", 0x1f, 0x8b, 8, 0, int(mtime), xfl, 255)
-
-
-def compress(data, compresslevel=_COMPRESS_LEVEL_BEST, *, mtime=None):
+def compress(data, compresslevel=_COMPRESS_LEVEL_BEST, *, mtime=0):
     """Compress data in one shot and return the compressed string.
 
     compresslevel sets the compression level in range of 0-9.
-    mtime can be used to set the modification time. The modification time is
-    set to the current time by default.
+    mtime can be used to set the modification time.
+    The modification time is set to 0 by default, for reproducibility.
     """
-    if mtime == 0:
-        # Use zlib as it creates the header with 0 mtime by default.
-        # This is faster and with less overhead.
-        return zlib.compress(data, level=compresslevel, wbits=31)
-    header = _create_simple_gzip_header(compresslevel, mtime)
-    trailer = struct.pack("<LL", zlib.crc32(data), (len(data) & 0xffffffff))
-    # Wbits=-15 creates a raw deflate block.
-    return (header + zlib.compress(data, level=compresslevel, wbits=-15) +
-            trailer)
+    # Wbits=31 automatically includes a gzip header and trailer.
+    gzip_data = zlib.compress(data, level=compresslevel, wbits=31)
+    if mtime is None:
+        mtime = time.time()
+    # Reuse gzip header created by zlib, replace mtime and OS byte for
+    # consistency.
+    header = struct.pack("<4sLBB", gzip_data, int(mtime), gzip_data[8], 255)
+    return header + gzip_data[10:]
 
 
 def decompress(data):
diff --git a/Lib/hashlib.py b/Lib/hashlib.py
index 1b16441cb60ba7..1b2c30cc32f564 100644
--- a/Lib/hashlib.py
+++ b/Lib/hashlib.py
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
  - hexdigest():  Like digest() except the digest is returned as a string
                  of double length, containing only hexadecimal digits.
  - copy():       Return a copy (clone) of the hash object. This can be used to
-                 efficiently compute the digests of datas that share a common
+                 efficiently compute the digests of data that share a common
                  initial substring.
 
 For example, to obtain the digest of the byte string 'Nobody inspects the
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ def __hash_new(name, data=b'', **kwargs):
 
 try:
     # OpenSSL's scrypt requires OpenSSL 1.1+
-    from _hashlib import scrypt
+    from _hashlib import scrypt  # noqa: F401
 except ImportError:
     pass
 
diff --git a/Lib/http/cookies.py b/Lib/http/cookies.py
index 35ac2dc6ae280c..6b9ed24ad8ec78 100644
--- a/Lib/http/cookies.py
+++ b/Lib/http/cookies.py
@@ -184,8 +184,13 @@ def _quote(str):
         return '"' + str.translate(_Translator) + '"'
 
 
-_OctalPatt = re.compile(r"\\[0-3][0-7][0-7]")
-_QuotePatt = re.compile(r"[\\].")
+_unquote_sub = re.compile(r'\\(?:([0-3][0-7][0-7])|(.))').sub
+
+def _unquote_replace(m):
+    if m[1]:
+        return chr(int(m[1], 8))
+    else:
+        return m[2]
 
 def _unquote(str):
     # If there aren't any doublequotes,
@@ -205,36 +210,13 @@ def _unquote(str):
     #    \012 --> \n
     #    \"   --> "
     #
-    i = 0
-    n = len(str)
-    res = []
-    while 0 <= i < n:
-        o_match = _OctalPatt.search(str, i)
-        q_match = _QuotePatt.search(str, i)
-        if not o_match and not q_match:              # Neither matched
-            res.append(str[i:])
-            break
-        # else:
-        j = k = -1
-        if o_match:
-            j = o_match.start(0)
-        if q_match:
-            k = q_match.start(0)
-        if q_match and (not o_match or k < j):     # QuotePatt matched
-            res.append(str[i:k])
-            res.append(str[k+1])
-            i = k + 2
-        else:                                      # OctalPatt matched
-            res.append(str[i:j])
-            res.append(chr(int(str[j+1:j+4], 8)))
-            i = j + 4
-    return _nulljoin(res)
+    return _unquote_sub(_unquote_replace, str)
 
 # The _getdate() routine is used to set the expiration time in the cookie's HTTP
 # header.  By default, _getdate() returns the current time in the appropriate
 # "expires" format for a Set-Cookie header.  The one optional argument is an
 # offset from now, in seconds.  For example, an offset of -3600 means "one hour
-# ago".  The offset may be a floating point number.
+# ago".  The offset may be a floating-point number.
 #
 
 _weekdayname = ['Mon', 'Tue', 'Wed', 'Thu', 'Fri', 'Sat', 'Sun']
diff --git a/Lib/http/server.py b/Lib/http/server.py
index 7d0da5052d2d4d..a6f7aecc78763f 100644
--- a/Lib/http/server.py
+++ b/Lib/http/server.py
@@ -114,6 +114,11 @@
 <html lang="en">
     <head>
         <meta charset="utf-8">
+        <style type="text/css">
+            :root {
+                color-scheme: light dark;
+            }
+        </style>
         <title>Error response</title>
     </head>
     <body>
@@ -129,7 +134,8 @@
 
 class HTTPServer(socketserver.TCPServer):
 
-    allow_reuse_address = 1    # Seems to make sense in testing environment
+    allow_reuse_address = True    # Seems to make sense in testing environment
+    allow_reuse_port = True
 
     def server_bind(self):
         """Override server_bind to store the server name."""
@@ -803,6 +809,7 @@ def list_directory(self, path):
         r.append('<html lang="en">')
         r.append('<head>')
         r.append(f'<meta charset="{enc}">')
+        r.append('<style type="text/css">\n:root {\ncolor-scheme: light dark;\n}\n</style>')
         r.append(f'<title>{title}</title>\n</head>')
         r.append(f'<body>\n<h1>{title}</h1>')
         r.append('<hr>\n<ul>')
diff --git a/Lib/idlelib/HISTORY.txt b/Lib/idlelib/HISTORY.txt
index 731fabd185fbbf..a601b25b5f838f 100644
--- a/Lib/idlelib/HISTORY.txt
+++ b/Lib/idlelib/HISTORY.txt
@@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ Command to format a paragraph.
 Debug menu:
 
 JIT (Just-In-Time) stack viewer toggle -- if set, the stack viewer
-automaticall pops up when you get a traceback.
+automatically pops up when you get a traceback.
 
 Windows menu:
 
diff --git a/Lib/idlelib/Icons/README.txt b/Lib/idlelib/Icons/README.txt
index d91c4d5d8d8cfa..e245bc0b26e121 100644
--- a/Lib/idlelib/Icons/README.txt
+++ b/Lib/idlelib/Icons/README.txt
@@ -1,13 +1,51 @@
-The IDLE icons are from https://bugs.python.org/issue1490384
+IDLE-PYTHON LOGOS
 
-Created by Andrew Clover.
+These are sent to tk on Windows, *NIX, and non-Aqua macOS
+in pyshell following "# set application icon".
 
-The original sources are available from Andrew's website:
+
+2006?: Andrew Clover made variously sized python icons for win23.
 https://www.doxdesk.com/software/py/pyicons.html
 
-Various different formats and sizes are available at this GitHub Pull Request:
-https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/17473
+2006: 16, 32, and 48 bit .png versions were copied to CPython
+as Python application icons, maybe in PC/icons/py.ico.
+https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/43372
+
+2014: They were copied (perhaps a bit revised) to idlelib/Icons.
+https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/64605
+.gif versions were also added.
+
+2020: Add Clover's 256-bit image.
+https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/82620
+Other fixups were done.
+
+The idle.ico file used for Windows was created with ImageMagick:
+  $ convert idle_16.png idle_32.png idle_48.png idle_256.png idle.ico
+** This needs redoing whenever files are changed.
+?? Do Start, Desktop, and Taskbar use idlelib/Icons files?
+
+Issue added Windows Store PC/icons/idlex44.png and .../idlex150.png.
+https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/22817
+?? Should these be updated with major changes?
+
+2022: Optimize .png images in CPython repository with external program.
+https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/21348
+idle.ico (and idlex##) were not updated.
+
+The idlexx.gif files are only needed for *nix running tcl/tk 8.5.
+As of 2022, this was known true for 1 'major' Linux distribution.
+(Same would be true for any non-Aqua macOS with 8.5, but now none?)
+Can be deleted when we require 8.6 or it is known always used.
+
+Future: Derivatives of Python logo should be submitted for approval.
+PSF Trademark Working Group / Committee psf-trademarks@python.org
+https://www.python.org/community/logos/  # Original files
+https://www.python.org/psf/trademarks-faq/
+https://www.python.org/psf/trademarks/  # Usage.
+
+
+OTHER GIFS: These are used by browsers using idlelib.tree.
+At least some will not be used when tree is replaced by ttk.Treeview.
 
-The idle.ico file was created with ImageMagick:
 
-    $ convert idle_16.png idle_32.png idle_48.png idle_256.png idle.ico
+Edited 2024 August 26 by TJR.
diff --git a/Lib/idlelib/News3.txt b/Lib/idlelib/News3.txt
index fb07d7b3b3fad8..37ff93f9866e3c 100644
--- a/Lib/idlelib/News3.txt
+++ b/Lib/idlelib/News3.txt
@@ -4,6 +4,16 @@ Released on 2024-10-xx
 =========================
 
 
+gh-120083: Add explicit black IDLE Hovertip foreground color needed for
+recent macOS. Fixes Sonoma showing unreadable white on pale yellow.
+Patch by John Riggles.
+
+gh-122482: Change About IDLE to direct users to discuss.python.org
+instead of the now unused idle-dev email and mailing list.
+
+gh-78889: Stop Shell freezes by blocking user access to non-method
+sys.stdout.shell attributes, which are all private.
+
 gh-78955: Use user-selected color theme for Help => IDLE Doc.
 
 gh-96905: In idlelib code, stop redefining built-ins 'dict' and 'object'.
@@ -568,14 +578,14 @@ bpo-33679: Enable theme-specific color configuration for Code Context.
 color setting, default or custom, on the extensions tab, that applied
 to all themes.)  For built-in themes, the foreground is the same as
 normal text and the background is a contrasting gray.  Context colors for
-custom themes are set on the Hightlights tab along with other colors.
+custom themes are set on the Highlights tab along with other colors.
 When one starts IDLE from a console and loads a custom theme without
 definitions for 'context', one will see a warning message on the
 console.
 
 bpo-33642: Display up to maxlines non-blank lines for Code Context.
 If there is no current context, show a single blank line.  (Previously,
-the Code Contex had numlines lines, usually with some blank.)  The use
+the Code Context had numlines lines, usually with some blank.)  The use
 of a new option, 'maxlines' (default 15), avoids possible interference
 with user settings of the old option, 'numlines' (default 3).
 
@@ -729,7 +739,7 @@ not affect their keyset-specific customization after 3.6.3. and vice
 versa.
   Initial patch by Charles Wohlganger, revised by Terry Jan Reedy.
 
-bpo-31051:  Rearrange condigdialog General tab.
+bpo-31051:  Rearrange configdialog General tab.
 Sort non-Help options into Window (Shell+Editor) and Editor (only).
 Leave room for the addition of new options.
 Patch by Terry Jan Reedy.
diff --git a/Lib/idlelib/TODO.txt b/Lib/idlelib/TODO.txt
index e2f1ac0f274001..41b86b0c6d5bbd 100644
--- a/Lib/idlelib/TODO.txt
+++ b/Lib/idlelib/TODO.txt
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ it -- i.e. you can only edit the current command, and the cursor can't
 escape from the command area.  (Albert Brandl)
 
 - Set X11 class to "idle/Idle", set icon and title to something
-beginning with "idle" -- for window manangers.  (Randall Hopper)
+beginning with "idle" -- for window managers.  (Randall Hopper)
 
 - Config files editable through a preferences dialog.  (me) DONE
 
diff --git a/Lib/idlelib/config.py b/Lib/idlelib/config.py
index 6a5acac9be8888..d10c88a43f9231 100644
--- a/Lib/idlelib/config.py
+++ b/Lib/idlelib/config.py
@@ -600,7 +600,7 @@ def GetCoreKeys(self, keySetName=None):
         """
         # TODO: = dict(sorted([(v-event, keys), ...]))?
         keyBindings={
-            # vitual-event: list of key events.
+            # virtual-event: list of key events.
             '<<copy>>': ['<Control-c>', '<Control-C>'],
             '<<cut>>': ['<Control-x>', '<Control-X>'],
             '<<paste>>': ['<Control-v>', '<Control-V>'],
diff --git a/Lib/idlelib/configdialog.py b/Lib/idlelib/configdialog.py
index eedf97bf74fe6a..4d2adb48570d49 100644
--- a/Lib/idlelib/configdialog.py
+++ b/Lib/idlelib/configdialog.py
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ def create_widgets(self):
             load_configs: Load pages except for extensions.
             activate_config_changes: Tell editors to reload.
         """
-        self.frame = frame = Frame(self, padding="5px")
+        self.frame = frame = Frame(self, padding=5)
         self.frame.grid(sticky="nwes")
         self.note = note = Notebook(frame)
         self.extpage = ExtPage(note)
diff --git a/Lib/idlelib/editor.py b/Lib/idlelib/editor.py
index 7bfa0932500d81..c76db20c58792d 100644
--- a/Lib/idlelib/editor.py
+++ b/Lib/idlelib/editor.py
@@ -914,7 +914,7 @@ def RemoveKeybindings(self):
     def ApplyKeybindings(self):
         """Apply the virtual, configurable keybindings.
 
-        Alse update hotkeys to current keyset.
+        Also update hotkeys to current keyset.
         """
         # Called from configdialog.activate_config_changes.
         self.mainmenu.default_keydefs = keydefs = idleConf.GetCurrentKeySet()
diff --git a/Lib/idlelib/extend.txt b/Lib/idlelib/extend.txt
index b482f76c4fb0f7..2522758ceb4f70 100644
--- a/Lib/idlelib/extend.txt
+++ b/Lib/idlelib/extend.txt
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ should probably be refined in the future.)
 
 Extensions are not required to define menu entries for all the events they
 implement.  (They are also not required to create keybindings, but in that
-case there must be empty bindings in cofig-extensions.def)
+case there must be empty bindings in config-extensions.def)
 
 Here is a partial example from zzdummy.py:
 
diff --git a/Lib/idlelib/grep.py b/Lib/idlelib/grep.py
index ef14349960bfa2..42048ff2395fe1 100644
--- a/Lib/idlelib/grep.py
+++ b/Lib/idlelib/grep.py
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ def grep_it(self, prog, path):
 
 
 def _grep_dialog(parent):  # htest #
-    from tkinter import Toplevel, Text, SEL, END
+    from tkinter import Toplevel, Text, SEL
     from tkinter.ttk import Frame, Button
     from idlelib.pyshell import PyShellFileList
 
diff --git a/Lib/idlelib/help.html b/Lib/idlelib/help.html
index 827d230b54e159..2a4adc6a4d395f 100644
--- a/Lib/idlelib/help.html
+++ b/Lib/idlelib/help.html
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
     <meta charset="utf-8" />
     <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
 
-    <title>IDLE &#8212; Python 3.13.0a2 documentation</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
+    <title>IDLE &#8212; Python 3.14.0a0 documentation</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
 
     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../_static/pygments.css" />
     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../_static/pydoctheme.css?digest=b37c26da2f7529d09fe70b41c4b2133fe4931a90" />
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
     <script src="../_static/sidebar.js"></script>
 
     <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml"
-          title="Search within Python 3.13.0a2 documentation"
+          title="Search within Python 3.14.0a0 documentation"
           href="../_static/opensearch.xml"/>
     <link rel="author" title="About these documents" href="../about.html" />
     <link rel="index" title="Index" href="../genindex.html" />
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
     <link rel="copyright" title="Copyright" href="../copyright.html" />
     <link rel="next" title="Development Tools" href="development.html" />
     <link rel="prev" title="tkinter.ttk — Tk themed widgets" href="tkinter.ttk.html" />
+
     <link rel="canonical" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/idle.html" />
 
 
@@ -45,6 +46,8 @@
             <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/menu.js"></script>
             <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/search-focus.js"></script>
             <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/themetoggle.js"></script>
+            <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/rtd_switcher.js"></script>
+            <meta name="readthedocs-addons-api-version" content="1">
 
   </head>
 <body>
@@ -184,7 +187,7 @@ <h3>Navigation</h3>
 
           </li>
     <li id="cpython-language-and-version">
-      <a href="../index.html">3.13.0a2 Documentation</a> &#187;
+      <a href="../index.html">3.14.0a0 Documentation</a> &#187;
     </li>
 
           <li class="nav-item nav-item-1"><a href="index.html" >The Python Standard Library</a> &#187;</li>
@@ -554,7 +557,7 @@ <h3>Key bindings<a class="headerlink" href="#key-bindings" title="Permalink to t
 delete characters.  Deletion does not puts text on the clipboard,
 but IDLE has an undo list.  Wherever this doc discusses keys,
 ‘C’ refers to the <kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">Control</kbd> key on Windows and
-Unix and the <kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">Command</kbd> key on macOS.  (And all such dicussions
+Unix and the <kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">Command</kbd> key on macOS.  (And all such discussions
 assume that the keys have not been re-bound to something else.)</p>
 <ul class="simple">
 <li><p>Arrow keys move the cursor one character or line.</p></li>
@@ -562,8 +565,8 @@ <h3>Key bindings<a class="headerlink" href="#key-bindings" title="Permalink to t
 <li><p><kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">Home</kbd> and <kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">End</kbd> go to the beginning or end of the line.</p></li>
 <li><p><kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">Page Up</kbd> and <kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">Page Down</kbd> go up or down one screen.</p></li>
 <li><p><kbd class="kbd compound docutils literal notranslate"><kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">C</kbd>-<kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">Home</kbd></kbd> and <kbd class="kbd compound docutils literal notranslate"><kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">C</kbd>-<kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">End</kbd></kbd> go to beginning or end of the file.</p></li>
-<li><p><kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">Backspace</kbd> and <kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">Del</kbd> (or <cite>C-d</cite>) delete the previous or
-next character.</p></li>
+<li><p><kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">Backspace</kbd> and <kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">Del</kbd> (or <kbd class="kbd compound docutils literal notranslate"><kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">C</kbd>-<kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">d</kbd></kbd>) delete the previous
+or next character.</p></li>
 <li><p><kbd class="kbd compound docutils literal notranslate"><kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">C</kbd>-<kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">Backspace</kbd></kbd> and <kbd class="kbd compound docutils literal notranslate"><kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">C</kbd>-<kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">Del</kbd></kbd> delete one word left or right.</p></li>
 <li><p><kbd class="kbd compound docutils literal notranslate"><kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">C</kbd>-<kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">k</kbd></kbd> deletes (‘kills’) everything to the right.</p></li>
 </ul>
@@ -694,7 +697,7 @@ <h3>Shell window<a class="headerlink" href="#shell-window" title="Permalink to t
 <p>The editing features described in previous subsections work when entering
 code interactively.  IDLE’s Shell window also responds to the following:</p>
 <ul class="simple">
-<li><p><kbd class="kbd compound docutils literal notranslate"><kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">C</kbd>-<kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">c</kbd></kbd> attemps to interrupt statement execution (but may fail).</p></li>
+<li><p><kbd class="kbd compound docutils literal notranslate"><kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">C</kbd>-<kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">c</kbd></kbd> attempts to interrupt statement execution (but may fail).</p></li>
 <li><p><kbd class="kbd compound docutils literal notranslate"><kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">C</kbd>-<kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">d</kbd></kbd> closes Shell if typed at a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span></code> prompt.</p></li>
 <li><p><kbd class="kbd compound docutils literal notranslate"><kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">Alt</kbd>-<kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">p</kbd></kbd> and <kbd class="kbd compound docutils literal notranslate"><kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">Alt</kbd>-<kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">n</kbd></kbd> (<kbd class="kbd compound docutils literal notranslate"><kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">C</kbd>-<kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">p</kbd></kbd> and <kbd class="kbd compound docutils literal notranslate"><kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">C</kbd>-<kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">n</kbd></kbd> on macOS)
 retrieve to the current prompt the previous or next previously
@@ -1136,7 +1139,7 @@ <h3>Navigation</h3>
 
           </li>
     <li id="cpython-language-and-version">
-      <a href="../index.html">3.13.0a2 Documentation</a> &#187;
+      <a href="../index.html">3.14.0a0 Documentation</a> &#187;
     </li>
 
           <li class="nav-item nav-item-1"><a href="index.html" >The Python Standard Library</a> &#187;</li>
@@ -1180,7 +1183,7 @@ <h3>Navigation</h3>
 <br />
     <br />
 
-    Last updated on Jan 17, 2024 (06:57 UTC).
+    Last updated on Oct 14, 2024 (20:27 UTC).
     <a href="/bugs.html">Found a bug</a>?
     <br />
 
diff --git a/Lib/idlelib/help_about.py b/Lib/idlelib/help_about.py
index aa1c352897f9e7..81c65f6264e7b9 100644
--- a/Lib/idlelib/help_about.py
+++ b/Lib/idlelib/help_about.py
@@ -85,15 +85,18 @@ def create_widgets(self):
         byline = Label(frame_background, text=byline_text, justify=LEFT,
                        fg=self.fg, bg=self.bg)
         byline.grid(row=2, column=0, sticky=W, columnspan=3, padx=10, pady=5)
-        email = Label(frame_background, text='email:  idle-dev@python.org',
-                      justify=LEFT, fg=self.fg, bg=self.bg)
-        email.grid(row=6, column=0, columnspan=2, sticky=W, padx=10, pady=0)
+
+        forums_url = "https://discuss.python.org"
+        forums = Label(frame_background, text="Python forums: "+forums_url,
+                        justify=LEFT, fg=self.fg, bg=self.bg)
+        forums.grid(row=6, column=0, sticky=W, padx=10, pady=0)
+        forums.bind("<Button-1>", lambda event: webbrowser.open(forums_url))
         docs_url = ("https://docs.python.org/%d.%d/library/idle.html" %
                     sys.version_info[:2])
         docs = Label(frame_background, text=docs_url,
                      justify=LEFT, fg=self.fg, bg=self.bg)
         docs.grid(row=7, column=0, columnspan=2, sticky=W, padx=10, pady=0)
-        docs.bind("<Button-1>", lambda event: webbrowser.open(docs['text']))
+        docs.bind("<Button-1>", lambda event: webbrowser.open(docs_url))
 
         Frame(frame_background, borderwidth=1, relief=SUNKEN,
               height=2, bg=self.bg).grid(row=8, column=0, sticky=EW,
@@ -123,9 +126,7 @@ def create_widgets(self):
               height=2, bg=self.bg).grid(row=11, column=0, sticky=EW,
                                          columnspan=3, padx=5, pady=5)
 
-        idle = Label(frame_background,
-                        text='IDLE',
-                        fg=self.fg, bg=self.bg)
+        idle = Label(frame_background, text='IDLE', fg=self.fg, bg=self.bg)
         idle.grid(row=12, column=0, sticky=W, padx=10, pady=0)
         idle_buttons = Frame(frame_background, bg=self.bg)
         idle_buttons.grid(row=13, column=0, columnspan=3, sticky=NSEW)
diff --git a/Lib/idlelib/idle_test/example_stub.pyi b/Lib/idlelib/idle_test/example_stub.pyi
index 17b58010a9d8de..abcdbc17529974 100644
--- a/Lib/idlelib/idle_test/example_stub.pyi
+++ b/Lib/idlelib/idle_test/example_stub.pyi
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-" Example to test recognition of .pyi file as Python source code.
+# An example file to test recognition of a .pyi file as Python source code.
 
 class Example:
     def method(self, argument1: str, argument2: list[int]) -> None: ...
diff --git a/Lib/idlelib/idle_test/test_outwin.py b/Lib/idlelib/idle_test/test_outwin.py
index d6e85ad674417c..81f4aad7e95e95 100644
--- a/Lib/idlelib/idle_test/test_outwin.py
+++ b/Lib/idlelib/idle_test/test_outwin.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 "Test outwin, coverage 76%."
 
 from idlelib import outwin
+import sys
 import unittest
 from test.support import requires
 from tkinter import Tk, Text
@@ -18,6 +19,10 @@ def setUpClass(cls):
         root.withdraw()
         w = cls.window = outwin.OutputWindow(None, None, None, root)
         cls.text = w.text = Text(root)
+        if sys.platform == 'darwin':  # Issue 112938
+            cls.text.update = cls.text.update_idletasks
+            # Without this, test write, writelines, and goto... fail.
+            # The reasons and why macOS-specific are unclear.
 
     @classmethod
     def tearDownClass(cls):
diff --git a/Lib/idlelib/outwin.py b/Lib/idlelib/outwin.py
index 5ed3f35a7af655..8baa657550de94 100644
--- a/Lib/idlelib/outwin.py
+++ b/Lib/idlelib/outwin.py
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ def write(self, s, tags=(), mark="insert"):
         assert isinstance(s, str)
         self.text.insert(mark, s, tags)
         self.text.see(mark)
-        self.text.update_idletasks()
+        self.text.update()
         return len(s)
 
     def writelines(self, lines):
diff --git a/Lib/idlelib/pyshell.py b/Lib/idlelib/pyshell.py
index d8b2652d5d7979..e882c6cb3b8d19 100755
--- a/Lib/idlelib/pyshell.py
+++ b/Lib/idlelib/pyshell.py
@@ -706,7 +706,7 @@ def prepend_syspath(self, filename):
             del _filename, _sys, _dirname, _dir
             \n""".format(filename))
 
-    def showsyntaxerror(self, filename=None):
+    def showsyntaxerror(self, filename=None, **kwargs):
         """Override Interactive Interpreter method: Use Colorizing
 
         Color the offending position instead of printing it and pointing at it
diff --git a/Lib/idlelib/run.py b/Lib/idlelib/run.py
index 53e80a9b42801f..a30db99a619a93 100644
--- a/Lib/idlelib/run.py
+++ b/Lib/idlelib/run.py
@@ -91,21 +91,28 @@ def capture_warnings(capture):
             _warnings_showwarning = None
 
 capture_warnings(True)
-tcl = tkinter.Tcl()
 
-def handle_tk_events(tcl=tcl):
-    """Process any tk events that are ready to be dispatched if tkinter
-    has been imported, a tcl interpreter has been created and tk has been
-    loaded."""
-    tcl.eval("update")
+if idlelib.testing:
+    # gh-121008: When testing IDLE, don't create a Tk object to avoid side
+    # effects such as installing a PyOS_InputHook hook.
+    def handle_tk_events():
+        pass
+else:
+    tcl = tkinter.Tcl()
+
+    def handle_tk_events(tcl=tcl):
+        """Process any tk events that are ready to be dispatched if tkinter
+        has been imported, a tcl interpreter has been created and tk has been
+        loaded."""
+        tcl.eval("update")
 
 # Thread shared globals: Establish a queue between a subthread (which handles
 # the socket) and the main thread (which runs user code), plus global
-# completion, exit and interruptable (the main thread) flags:
+# completion, exit and interruptible (the main thread) flags:
 
 exit_now = False
 quitting = False
-interruptable = False
+interruptible = False
 
 def main(del_exitfunc=False):
     """Start the Python execution server in a subprocess
@@ -436,6 +443,9 @@ class StdioFile(io.TextIOBase):
 
     def __init__(self, shell, tags, encoding='utf-8', errors='strict'):
         self.shell = shell
+        # GH-78889: accessing unpickleable attributes freezes Shell.
+        # IDLE only needs methods; allow 'width' for possible use.
+        self.shell._RPCProxy__attributes = {'width': 1}
         self.tags = tags
         self._encoding = encoding
         self._errors = errors
@@ -572,14 +582,14 @@ def __init__(self, rpchandler):
             self.locals = {}
 
     def runcode(self, code):
-        global interruptable
+        global interruptible
         try:
             self.user_exc_info = None
-            interruptable = True
+            interruptible = True
             try:
                 exec(code, self.locals)
             finally:
-                interruptable = False
+                interruptible = False
         except SystemExit as e:
             if e.args:  # SystemExit called with an argument.
                 ob = e.args[0]
@@ -605,7 +615,7 @@ def runcode(self, code):
             flush_stdout()
 
     def interrupt_the_server(self):
-        if interruptable:
+        if interruptible:
             thread.interrupt_main()
 
     def start_the_debugger(self, gui_adap_oid):
diff --git a/Lib/idlelib/searchbase.py b/Lib/idlelib/searchbase.py
index 64ed50c7364be3..c68a6ca339af04 100644
--- a/Lib/idlelib/searchbase.py
+++ b/Lib/idlelib/searchbase.py
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ def create_widgets(self):
         top.wm_iconname(self.icon)
         _setup_dialog(top)
         self.top = top
-        self.frame = Frame(top, padding="5px")
+        self.frame = Frame(top, padding=5)
         self.frame.grid(sticky="nwes")
         top.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=100)
         top.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=100)
diff --git a/Lib/idlelib/tooltip.py b/Lib/idlelib/tooltip.py
index 3983690dd41177..df5b1fe1dcfb08 100644
--- a/Lib/idlelib/tooltip.py
+++ b/Lib/idlelib/tooltip.py
@@ -144,7 +144,8 @@ def hidetip(self):
 
 class Hovertip(OnHoverTooltipBase):
     "A tooltip that pops up when a mouse hovers over an anchor widget."
-    def __init__(self, anchor_widget, text, hover_delay=1000):
+    def __init__(self, anchor_widget, text, hover_delay=1000,
+                 foreground="#000000", background="#ffffe0"):
         """Create a text tooltip with a mouse hover delay.
 
         anchor_widget: the widget next to which the tooltip will be shown
@@ -156,10 +157,13 @@ def __init__(self, anchor_widget, text, hover_delay=1000):
         """
         super().__init__(anchor_widget, hover_delay=hover_delay)
         self.text = text
+        self.foreground = foreground
+        self.background = background
 
     def showcontents(self):
         label = Label(self.tipwindow, text=self.text, justify=LEFT,
-                      background="#ffffe0", relief=SOLID, borderwidth=1)
+                       relief=SOLID,  borderwidth=1,
+                       foreground=self.foreground, background=self.background)
         label.pack()
 
 
diff --git a/Lib/idlelib/tree.py b/Lib/idlelib/tree.py
index 0726d7e23660f6..182ce7189614da 100644
--- a/Lib/idlelib/tree.py
+++ b/Lib/idlelib/tree.py
@@ -83,6 +83,8 @@ def wheel_event(event, widget=None):
 
 class TreeNode:
 
+    dy = 0
+
     def __init__(self, canvas, parent, item):
         self.canvas = canvas
         self.parent = parent
@@ -199,23 +201,22 @@ def update(self):
 
     def draw(self, x, y):
         # XXX This hard-codes too many geometry constants!
-        dy = 20
         self.x, self.y = x, y
         self.drawicon()
         self.drawtext()
         if self.state != 'expanded':
-            return y + dy
+            return y + TreeNode.dy
         # draw children
         if not self.children:
             sublist = self.item._GetSubList()
             if not sublist:
                 # _IsExpandable() was mistaken; that's allowed
-                return y+17
+                return y + TreeNode.dy
             for item in sublist:
                 child = self.__class__(self.canvas, self, item)
                 self.children.append(child)
         cx = x+20
-        cy = y + dy
+        cy = y + TreeNode.dy
         cylast = 0
         for child in self.children:
             cylast = cy
@@ -289,6 +290,11 @@ def drawtext(self):
             self.label.bind("<Button-4>", lambda e: wheel_event(e, self.canvas))
             self.label.bind("<Button-5>", lambda e: wheel_event(e, self.canvas))
         self.text_id = id
+        if TreeNode.dy == 0:
+            # The first row doesn't matter what the dy is, just measure its
+            # size to get the value of the subsequent dy
+            coords = self.canvas.bbox(id)
+            TreeNode.dy = max(20, coords[3] - coords[1] - 3)
 
     def select_or_edit(self, event=None):
         if self.selected and self.item.IsEditable():
diff --git a/Lib/importlib/__init__.py b/Lib/importlib/__init__.py
index f38fe5c1ab461a..a7d57561ead046 100644
--- a/Lib/importlib/__init__.py
+++ b/Lib/importlib/__init__.py
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ def reload(module):
         try:
             name = module.__name__
         except AttributeError:
-            raise TypeError("reload() argument must be a module")
+            raise TypeError("reload() argument must be a module") from None
 
     if sys.modules.get(name) is not module:
         raise ImportError(f"module {name} not in sys.modules", name=name)
diff --git a/Lib/importlib/_bootstrap.py b/Lib/importlib/_bootstrap.py
index de5651f0a7fc36..b70d09b32abce6 100644
--- a/Lib/importlib/_bootstrap.py
+++ b/Lib/importlib/_bootstrap.py
@@ -1241,7 +1241,6 @@ def _find_spec(name, path, target=None):
     """Find a module's spec."""
     meta_path = sys.meta_path
     if meta_path is None:
-        # PyImport_Cleanup() is running or has been called.
         raise ImportError("sys.meta_path is None, Python is likely "
                           "shutting down")
 
diff --git a/Lib/importlib/_bootstrap_external.py b/Lib/importlib/_bootstrap_external.py
index 30c91801212374..1b76328429f63a 100644
--- a/Lib/importlib/_bootstrap_external.py
+++ b/Lib/importlib/_bootstrap_external.py
@@ -221,278 +221,7 @@ def _write_atomic(path, data, mode=0o666):
 
 _code_type = type(_write_atomic.__code__)
 
-
-# Finder/loader utility code ###############################################
-
-# Magic word to reject .pyc files generated by other Python versions.
-# It should change for each incompatible change to the bytecode.
-#
-# The value of CR and LF is incorporated so if you ever read or write
-# a .pyc file in text mode the magic number will be wrong; also, the
-# Apple MPW compiler swaps their values, botching string constants.
-#
-# There were a variety of old schemes for setting the magic number.
-# The current working scheme is to increment the previous value by
-# 10.
-#
-# Starting with the adoption of PEP 3147 in Python 3.2, every bump in magic
-# number also includes a new "magic tag", i.e. a human readable string used
-# to represent the magic number in __pycache__ directories.  When you change
-# the magic number, you must also set a new unique magic tag.  Generally this
-# can be named after the Python major version of the magic number bump, but
-# it can really be anything, as long as it's different than anything else
-# that's come before.  The tags are included in the following table, starting
-# with Python 3.2a0.
-#
-# Known values:
-#  Python 1.5:   20121
-#  Python 1.5.1: 20121
-#     Python 1.5.2: 20121
-#     Python 1.6:   50428
-#     Python 2.0:   50823
-#     Python 2.0.1: 50823
-#     Python 2.1:   60202
-#     Python 2.1.1: 60202
-#     Python 2.1.2: 60202
-#     Python 2.2:   60717
-#     Python 2.3a0: 62011
-#     Python 2.3a0: 62021
-#     Python 2.3a0: 62011 (!)
-#     Python 2.4a0: 62041
-#     Python 2.4a3: 62051
-#     Python 2.4b1: 62061
-#     Python 2.5a0: 62071
-#     Python 2.5a0: 62081 (ast-branch)
-#     Python 2.5a0: 62091 (with)
-#     Python 2.5a0: 62092 (changed WITH_CLEANUP opcode)
-#     Python 2.5b3: 62101 (fix wrong code: for x, in ...)
-#     Python 2.5b3: 62111 (fix wrong code: x += yield)
-#     Python 2.5c1: 62121 (fix wrong lnotab with for loops and
-#                          storing constants that should have been removed)
-#     Python 2.5c2: 62131 (fix wrong code: for x, in ... in listcomp/genexp)
-#     Python 2.6a0: 62151 (peephole optimizations and STORE_MAP opcode)
-#     Python 2.6a1: 62161 (WITH_CLEANUP optimization)
-#     Python 2.7a0: 62171 (optimize list comprehensions/change LIST_APPEND)
-#     Python 2.7a0: 62181 (optimize conditional branches:
-#                          introduce POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE and POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE)
-#     Python 2.7a0  62191 (introduce SETUP_WITH)
-#     Python 2.7a0  62201 (introduce BUILD_SET)
-#     Python 2.7a0  62211 (introduce MAP_ADD and SET_ADD)
-#     Python 3000:   3000
-#                    3010 (removed UNARY_CONVERT)
-#                    3020 (added BUILD_SET)
-#                    3030 (added keyword-only parameters)
-#                    3040 (added signature annotations)
-#                    3050 (print becomes a function)
-#                    3060 (PEP 3115 metaclass syntax)
-#                    3061 (string literals become unicode)
-#                    3071 (PEP 3109 raise changes)
-#                    3081 (PEP 3137 make __file__ and __name__ unicode)
-#                    3091 (kill str8 interning)
-#                    3101 (merge from 2.6a0, see 62151)
-#                    3103 (__file__ points to source file)
-#     Python 3.0a4: 3111 (WITH_CLEANUP optimization).
-#     Python 3.0b1: 3131 (lexical exception stacking, including POP_EXCEPT
-                          #3021)
-#     Python 3.1a1: 3141 (optimize list, set and dict comprehensions:
-#                         change LIST_APPEND and SET_ADD, add MAP_ADD #2183)
-#     Python 3.1a1: 3151 (optimize conditional branches:
-#                         introduce POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE and POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE
-                          #4715)
-#     Python 3.2a1: 3160 (add SETUP_WITH #6101)
-#                   tag: cpython-32
-#     Python 3.2a2: 3170 (add DUP_TOP_TWO, remove DUP_TOPX and ROT_FOUR #9225)
-#                   tag: cpython-32
-#     Python 3.2a3  3180 (add DELETE_DEREF #4617)
-#     Python 3.3a1  3190 (__class__ super closure changed)
-#     Python 3.3a1  3200 (PEP 3155 __qualname__ added #13448)
-#     Python 3.3a1  3210 (added size modulo 2**32 to the pyc header #13645)
-#     Python 3.3a2  3220 (changed PEP 380 implementation #14230)
-#     Python 3.3a4  3230 (revert changes to implicit __class__ closure #14857)
-#     Python 3.4a1  3250 (evaluate positional default arguments before
-#                        keyword-only defaults #16967)
-#     Python 3.4a1  3260 (add LOAD_CLASSDEREF; allow locals of class to override
-#                        free vars #17853)
-#     Python 3.4a1  3270 (various tweaks to the __class__ closure #12370)
-#     Python 3.4a1  3280 (remove implicit class argument)
-#     Python 3.4a4  3290 (changes to __qualname__ computation #19301)
-#     Python 3.4a4  3300 (more changes to __qualname__ computation #19301)
-#     Python 3.4rc2 3310 (alter __qualname__ computation #20625)
-#     Python 3.5a1  3320 (PEP 465: Matrix multiplication operator #21176)
-#     Python 3.5b1  3330 (PEP 448: Additional Unpacking Generalizations #2292)
-#     Python 3.5b2  3340 (fix dictionary display evaluation order #11205)
-#     Python 3.5b3  3350 (add GET_YIELD_FROM_ITER opcode #24400)
-#     Python 3.5.2  3351 (fix BUILD_MAP_UNPACK_WITH_CALL opcode #27286)
-#     Python 3.6a0  3360 (add FORMAT_VALUE opcode #25483)
-#     Python 3.6a1  3361 (lineno delta of code.co_lnotab becomes signed #26107)
-#     Python 3.6a2  3370 (16 bit wordcode #26647)
-#     Python 3.6a2  3371 (add BUILD_CONST_KEY_MAP opcode #27140)
-#     Python 3.6a2  3372 (MAKE_FUNCTION simplification, remove MAKE_CLOSURE
-#                         #27095)
-#     Python 3.6b1  3373 (add BUILD_STRING opcode #27078)
-#     Python 3.6b1  3375 (add SETUP_ANNOTATIONS and STORE_ANNOTATION opcodes
-#                         #27985)
-#     Python 3.6b1  3376 (simplify CALL_FUNCTIONs & BUILD_MAP_UNPACK_WITH_CALL
-                          #27213)
-#     Python 3.6b1  3377 (set __class__ cell from type.__new__ #23722)
-#     Python 3.6b2  3378 (add BUILD_TUPLE_UNPACK_WITH_CALL #28257)
-#     Python 3.6rc1 3379 (more thorough __class__ validation #23722)
-#     Python 3.7a1  3390 (add LOAD_METHOD and CALL_METHOD opcodes #26110)
-#     Python 3.7a2  3391 (update GET_AITER #31709)
-#     Python 3.7a4  3392 (PEP 552: Deterministic pycs #31650)
-#     Python 3.7b1  3393 (remove STORE_ANNOTATION opcode #32550)
-#     Python 3.7b5  3394 (restored docstring as the first stmt in the body;
-#                         this might affected the first line number #32911)
-#     Python 3.8a1  3400 (move frame block handling to compiler #17611)
-#     Python 3.8a1  3401 (add END_ASYNC_FOR #33041)
-#     Python 3.8a1  3410 (PEP570 Python Positional-Only Parameters #36540)
-#     Python 3.8b2  3411 (Reverse evaluation order of key: value in dict
-#                         comprehensions #35224)
-#     Python 3.8b2  3412 (Swap the position of positional args and positional
-#                         only args in ast.arguments #37593)
-#     Python 3.8b4  3413 (Fix "break" and "continue" in "finally" #37830)
-#     Python 3.9a0  3420 (add LOAD_ASSERTION_ERROR #34880)
-#     Python 3.9a0  3421 (simplified bytecode for with blocks #32949)
-#     Python 3.9a0  3422 (remove BEGIN_FINALLY, END_FINALLY, CALL_FINALLY, POP_FINALLY bytecodes #33387)
-#     Python 3.9a2  3423 (add IS_OP, CONTAINS_OP and JUMP_IF_NOT_EXC_MATCH bytecodes #39156)
-#     Python 3.9a2  3424 (simplify bytecodes for *value unpacking)
-#     Python 3.9a2  3425 (simplify bytecodes for **value unpacking)
-#     Python 3.10a1 3430 (Make 'annotations' future by default)
-#     Python 3.10a1 3431 (New line number table format -- PEP 626)
-#     Python 3.10a2 3432 (Function annotation for MAKE_FUNCTION is changed from dict to tuple bpo-42202)
-#     Python 3.10a2 3433 (RERAISE restores f_lasti if oparg != 0)
-#     Python 3.10a6 3434 (PEP 634: Structural Pattern Matching)
-#     Python 3.10a7 3435 Use instruction offsets (as opposed to byte offsets).
-#     Python 3.10b1 3436 (Add GEN_START bytecode #43683)
-#     Python 3.10b1 3437 (Undo making 'annotations' future by default - We like to dance among core devs!)
-#     Python 3.10b1 3438 Safer line number table handling.
-#     Python 3.10b1 3439 (Add ROT_N)
-#     Python 3.11a1 3450 Use exception table for unwinding ("zero cost" exception handling)
-#     Python 3.11a1 3451 (Add CALL_METHOD_KW)
-#     Python 3.11a1 3452 (drop nlocals from marshaled code objects)
-#     Python 3.11a1 3453 (add co_fastlocalnames and co_fastlocalkinds)
-#     Python 3.11a1 3454 (compute cell offsets relative to locals bpo-43693)
-#     Python 3.11a1 3455 (add MAKE_CELL bpo-43693)
-#     Python 3.11a1 3456 (interleave cell args bpo-43693)
-#     Python 3.11a1 3457 (Change localsplus to a bytes object bpo-43693)
-#     Python 3.11a1 3458 (imported objects now don't use LOAD_METHOD/CALL_METHOD)
-#     Python 3.11a1 3459 (PEP 657: add end line numbers and column offsets for instructions)
-#     Python 3.11a1 3460 (Add co_qualname field to PyCodeObject bpo-44530)
-#     Python 3.11a1 3461 (JUMP_ABSOLUTE must jump backwards)
-#     Python 3.11a2 3462 (bpo-44511: remove COPY_DICT_WITHOUT_KEYS, change
-#                         MATCH_CLASS and MATCH_KEYS, and add COPY)
-#     Python 3.11a3 3463 (bpo-45711: JUMP_IF_NOT_EXC_MATCH no longer pops the
-#                         active exception)
-#     Python 3.11a3 3464 (bpo-45636: Merge numeric BINARY_*/INPLACE_* into
-#                         BINARY_OP)
-#     Python 3.11a3 3465 (Add COPY_FREE_VARS opcode)
-#     Python 3.11a4 3466 (bpo-45292: PEP-654 except*)
-#     Python 3.11a4 3467 (Change CALL_xxx opcodes)
-#     Python 3.11a4 3468 (Add SEND opcode)
-#     Python 3.11a4 3469 (bpo-45711: remove type, traceback from exc_info)
-#     Python 3.11a4 3470 (bpo-46221: PREP_RERAISE_STAR no longer pushes lasti)
-#     Python 3.11a4 3471 (bpo-46202: remove pop POP_EXCEPT_AND_RERAISE)
-#     Python 3.11a4 3472 (bpo-46009: replace GEN_START with POP_TOP)
-#     Python 3.11a4 3473 (Add POP_JUMP_IF_NOT_NONE/POP_JUMP_IF_NONE opcodes)
-#     Python 3.11a4 3474 (Add RESUME opcode)
-#     Python 3.11a5 3475 (Add RETURN_GENERATOR opcode)
-#     Python 3.11a5 3476 (Add ASYNC_GEN_WRAP opcode)
-#     Python 3.11a5 3477 (Replace DUP_TOP/DUP_TOP_TWO with COPY and
-#                         ROT_TWO/ROT_THREE/ROT_FOUR/ROT_N with SWAP)
-#     Python 3.11a5 3478 (New CALL opcodes)
-#     Python 3.11a5 3479 (Add PUSH_NULL opcode)
-#     Python 3.11a5 3480 (New CALL opcodes, second iteration)
-#     Python 3.11a5 3481 (Use inline cache for BINARY_OP)
-#     Python 3.11a5 3482 (Use inline caching for UNPACK_SEQUENCE and LOAD_GLOBAL)
-#     Python 3.11a5 3483 (Use inline caching for COMPARE_OP and BINARY_SUBSCR)
-#     Python 3.11a5 3484 (Use inline caching for LOAD_ATTR, LOAD_METHOD, and
-#                         STORE_ATTR)
-#     Python 3.11a5 3485 (Add an oparg to GET_AWAITABLE)
-#     Python 3.11a6 3486 (Use inline caching for PRECALL and CALL)
-#     Python 3.11a6 3487 (Remove the adaptive "oparg counter" mechanism)
-#     Python 3.11a6 3488 (LOAD_GLOBAL can push additional NULL)
-#     Python 3.11a6 3489 (Add JUMP_BACKWARD, remove JUMP_ABSOLUTE)
-#     Python 3.11a6 3490 (remove JUMP_IF_NOT_EXC_MATCH, add CHECK_EXC_MATCH)
-#     Python 3.11a6 3491 (remove JUMP_IF_NOT_EG_MATCH, add CHECK_EG_MATCH,
-#                         add JUMP_BACKWARD_NO_INTERRUPT, make JUMP_NO_INTERRUPT virtual)
-#     Python 3.11a7 3492 (make POP_JUMP_IF_NONE/NOT_NONE/TRUE/FALSE relative)
-#     Python 3.11a7 3493 (Make JUMP_IF_TRUE_OR_POP/JUMP_IF_FALSE_OR_POP relative)
-#     Python 3.11a7 3494 (New location info table)
-#     Python 3.11b4 3495 (Set line number of module's RESUME instr to 0 per PEP 626)
-#     Python 3.12a1 3500 (Remove PRECALL opcode)
-#     Python 3.12a1 3501 (YIELD_VALUE oparg == stack_depth)
-#     Python 3.12a1 3502 (LOAD_FAST_CHECK, no NULL-check in LOAD_FAST)
-#     Python 3.12a1 3503 (Shrink LOAD_METHOD cache)
-#     Python 3.12a1 3504 (Merge LOAD_METHOD back into LOAD_ATTR)
-#     Python 3.12a1 3505 (Specialization/Cache for FOR_ITER)
-#     Python 3.12a1 3506 (Add BINARY_SLICE and STORE_SLICE instructions)
-#     Python 3.12a1 3507 (Set lineno of module's RESUME to 0)
-#     Python 3.12a1 3508 (Add CLEANUP_THROW)
-#     Python 3.12a1 3509 (Conditional jumps only jump forward)
-#     Python 3.12a2 3510 (FOR_ITER leaves iterator on the stack)
-#     Python 3.12a2 3511 (Add STOPITERATION_ERROR instruction)
-#     Python 3.12a2 3512 (Remove all unused consts from code objects)
-#     Python 3.12a4 3513 (Add CALL_INTRINSIC_1 instruction, removed STOPITERATION_ERROR, PRINT_EXPR, IMPORT_STAR)
-#     Python 3.12a4 3514 (Remove ASYNC_GEN_WRAP, LIST_TO_TUPLE, and UNARY_POSITIVE)
-#     Python 3.12a5 3515 (Embed jump mask in COMPARE_OP oparg)
-#     Python 3.12a5 3516 (Add COMPARE_AND_BRANCH instruction)
-#     Python 3.12a5 3517 (Change YIELD_VALUE oparg to exception block depth)
-#     Python 3.12a6 3518 (Add RETURN_CONST instruction)
-#     Python 3.12a6 3519 (Modify SEND instruction)
-#     Python 3.12a6 3520 (Remove PREP_RERAISE_STAR, add CALL_INTRINSIC_2)
-#     Python 3.12a7 3521 (Shrink the LOAD_GLOBAL caches)
-#     Python 3.12a7 3522 (Removed JUMP_IF_FALSE_OR_POP/JUMP_IF_TRUE_OR_POP)
-#     Python 3.12a7 3523 (Convert COMPARE_AND_BRANCH back to COMPARE_OP)
-#     Python 3.12a7 3524 (Shrink the BINARY_SUBSCR caches)
-#     Python 3.12b1 3525 (Shrink the CALL caches)
-#     Python 3.12b1 3526 (Add instrumentation support)
-#     Python 3.12b1 3527 (Add LOAD_SUPER_ATTR)
-#     Python 3.12b1 3528 (Add LOAD_SUPER_ATTR_METHOD specialization)
-#     Python 3.12b1 3529 (Inline list/dict/set comprehensions)
-#     Python 3.12b1 3530 (Shrink the LOAD_SUPER_ATTR caches)
-#     Python 3.12b1 3531 (Add PEP 695 changes)
-#     Python 3.13a1 3550 (Plugin optimizer support)
-#     Python 3.13a1 3551 (Compact superinstructions)
-#     Python 3.13a1 3552 (Remove LOAD_FAST__LOAD_CONST and LOAD_CONST__LOAD_FAST)
-#     Python 3.13a1 3553 (Add SET_FUNCTION_ATTRIBUTE)
-#     Python 3.13a1 3554 (more efficient bytecodes for f-strings)
-#     Python 3.13a1 3555 (generate specialized opcodes metadata from bytecodes.c)
-#     Python 3.13a1 3556 (Convert LOAD_CLOSURE to a pseudo-op)
-#     Python 3.13a1 3557 (Make the conversion to boolean in jumps explicit)
-#     Python 3.13a1 3558 (Reorder the stack items for CALL)
-#     Python 3.13a1 3559 (Generate opcode IDs from bytecodes.c)
-#     Python 3.13a1 3560 (Add RESUME_CHECK instruction)
-#     Python 3.13a1 3561 (Add cache entry to branch instructions)
-#     Python 3.13a1 3562 (Assign opcode IDs for internal ops in separate range)
-#     Python 3.13a1 3563 (Add CALL_KW and remove KW_NAMES)
-#     Python 3.13a1 3564 (Removed oparg from YIELD_VALUE, changed oparg values of RESUME)
-#     Python 3.13a1 3565 (Oparg of YIELD_VALUE indicates whether it is in a yield-from)
-#     Python 3.13a1 3566 (Emit JUMP_NO_INTERRUPT instead of JUMP for non-loop no-lineno cases)
-#     Python 3.13a1 3567 (Reimplement line number propagation by the compiler)
-#     Python 3.13a1 3568 (Change semantics of END_FOR)
-#     Python 3.13a5 3569 (Specialize CONTAINS_OP)
-#     Python 3.13a6 3570 (Add __firstlineno__ class attribute)
-#     Python 3.14a1 3600 (Add LOAD_COMMON_CONSTANT)
-#     Python 3.14a1 3601 (Fix miscompilation of private names in generic classes)
-
-#     Python 3.15 will start with 3700
-
-#     Please don't copy-paste the same pre-release tag for new entries above!!!
-#     You should always use the *upcoming* tag. For example, if 3.12a6 came out
-#     a week ago, I should put "Python 3.12a7" next to my new magic number.
-
-# MAGIC must change whenever the bytecode emitted by the compiler may no
-# longer be understood by older implementations of the eval loop (usually
-# due to the addition of new opcodes).
-#
-# Starting with Python 3.11, Python 3.n starts with magic number 2900+50n.
-#
-# Whenever MAGIC_NUMBER is changed, the ranges in the magic_values array
-# in PC/launcher.c must also be updated.
-
-MAGIC_NUMBER = (3601).to_bytes(2, 'little') + b'\r\n'
-
-_RAW_MAGIC_NUMBER = int.from_bytes(MAGIC_NUMBER, 'little')  # For import.c
+MAGIC_NUMBER = _imp.pyc_magic_number_token.to_bytes(4, 'little')
 
 _PYCACHE = '__pycache__'
 _OPT = 'opt-'
@@ -1131,7 +860,7 @@ def get_code(self, fullname):
                                  _imp.check_hash_based_pycs == 'always')):
                                 source_bytes = self.get_data(source_path)
                                 source_hash = _imp.source_hash(
-                                    _RAW_MAGIC_NUMBER,
+                                    _imp.pyc_magic_number_token,
                                     source_bytes,
                                 )
                                 _validate_hash_pyc(data, source_hash, fullname,
@@ -1160,7 +889,7 @@ def get_code(self, fullname):
                 source_mtime is not None):
             if hash_based:
                 if source_hash is None:
-                    source_hash = _imp.source_hash(_RAW_MAGIC_NUMBER,
+                    source_hash = _imp.source_hash(_imp.pyc_magic_number_token,
                                                    source_bytes)
                 data = _code_to_hash_pyc(code_object, source_hash, check_source)
             else:
@@ -1794,14 +1523,14 @@ def _get_supported_file_loaders():
 
     Each item is a tuple (loader, suffixes).
     """
-    if sys.platform in {"ios", "tvos", "watchos"}:
-        extension_loaders = [(AppleFrameworkLoader, [
-            suffix.replace(".so", ".fwork")
-            for suffix in _imp.extension_suffixes()
-        ])]
-    else:
-        extension_loaders = []
-    extension_loaders.append((ExtensionFileLoader, _imp.extension_suffixes()))
+    extension_loaders = []
+    if hasattr(_imp, 'create_dynamic'):
+        if sys.platform in {"ios", "tvos", "watchos"}:
+            extension_loaders = [(AppleFrameworkLoader, [
+                suffix.replace(".so", ".fwork")
+                for suffix in _imp.extension_suffixes()
+            ])]
+        extension_loaders.append((ExtensionFileLoader, _imp.extension_suffixes()))
     source = SourceFileLoader, SOURCE_SUFFIXES
     bytecode = SourcelessFileLoader, BYTECODE_SUFFIXES
     return extension_loaders + [source, bytecode]
diff --git a/Lib/importlib/abc.py b/Lib/importlib/abc.py
index b6b2c791a3b03f..eea6b38af6fa13 100644
--- a/Lib/importlib/abc.py
+++ b/Lib/importlib/abc.py
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@
     _frozen_importlib_external = _bootstrap_external
 from ._abc import Loader
 import abc
-import warnings
 
 
 __all__ = [
diff --git a/Lib/importlib/machinery.py b/Lib/importlib/machinery.py
index fbd30b159fb752..6e294d59bfdcb9 100644
--- a/Lib/importlib/machinery.py
+++ b/Lib/importlib/machinery.py
@@ -19,3 +19,11 @@
 def all_suffixes():
     """Returns a list of all recognized module suffixes for this process"""
     return SOURCE_SUFFIXES + BYTECODE_SUFFIXES + EXTENSION_SUFFIXES
+
+
+__all__ = ['AppleFrameworkLoader', 'BYTECODE_SUFFIXES', 'BuiltinImporter',
+           'DEBUG_BYTECODE_SUFFIXES', 'EXTENSION_SUFFIXES',
+           'ExtensionFileLoader', 'FileFinder', 'FrozenImporter', 'ModuleSpec',
+           'NamespaceLoader', 'OPTIMIZED_BYTECODE_SUFFIXES', 'PathFinder',
+           'SOURCE_SUFFIXES', 'SourceFileLoader', 'SourcelessFileLoader',
+           'WindowsRegistryFinder', 'all_suffixes']
diff --git a/Lib/importlib/metadata/__init__.py b/Lib/importlib/metadata/__init__.py
index 245f905737cb15..8ce62dd864fc27 100644
--- a/Lib/importlib/metadata/__init__.py
+++ b/Lib/importlib/metadata/__init__.py
@@ -567,7 +567,7 @@ def _read_files_egginfo_installed(self):
         paths = (
             (subdir / name)
             .resolve()
-            .relative_to(self.locate_file('').resolve())
+            .relative_to(self.locate_file('').resolve(), walk_up=True)
             .as_posix()
             for name in text.splitlines()
         )
diff --git a/Lib/importlib/resources/_common.py b/Lib/importlib/resources/_common.py
index ca5b06743b46a6..c2c92254370f71 100644
--- a/Lib/importlib/resources/_common.py
+++ b/Lib/importlib/resources/_common.py
@@ -93,12 +93,13 @@ def _infer_caller():
     """
 
     def is_this_file(frame_info):
-        return frame_info.filename == __file__
+        return frame_info.filename == stack[0].filename
 
     def is_wrapper(frame_info):
         return frame_info.function == 'wrapper'
 
-    not_this_file = itertools.filterfalse(is_this_file, inspect.stack())
+    stack = inspect.stack()
+    not_this_file = itertools.filterfalse(is_this_file, stack)
     # also exclude 'wrapper' due to singledispatch in the call stack
     callers = itertools.filterfalse(is_wrapper, not_this_file)
     return next(callers).frame
@@ -182,7 +183,7 @@ def _(path):
 @contextlib.contextmanager
 def _temp_path(dir: tempfile.TemporaryDirectory):
     """
-    Wrap tempfile.TemporyDirectory to return a pathlib object.
+    Wrap tempfile.TemporaryDirectory to return a pathlib object.
     """
     with dir as result:
         yield pathlib.Path(result)
diff --git a/Lib/importlib/resources/_functional.py b/Lib/importlib/resources/_functional.py
index 9e3ea1547d486a..f59416f2dd627d 100644
--- a/Lib/importlib/resources/_functional.py
+++ b/Lib/importlib/resources/_functional.py
@@ -57,11 +57,7 @@ def contents(anchor, *path_names):
         DeprecationWarning,
         stacklevel=1,
     )
-    return (
-        resource.name
-        for resource
-        in _get_resource(anchor, path_names).iterdir()
-    )
+    return (resource.name for resource in _get_resource(anchor, path_names).iterdir())
 
 
 def _get_encoding_arg(path_names, encoding):
diff --git a/Lib/importlib/resources/readers.py b/Lib/importlib/resources/readers.py
index b86cdeff57c4c2..ccc5abbeb4e56e 100644
--- a/Lib/importlib/resources/readers.py
+++ b/Lib/importlib/resources/readers.py
@@ -34,8 +34,10 @@ def files(self):
 
 class ZipReader(abc.TraversableResources):
     def __init__(self, loader, module):
-        _, _, name = module.rpartition('.')
-        self.prefix = loader.prefix.replace('\\', '/') + name + '/'
+        self.prefix = loader.prefix.replace('\\', '/')
+        if loader.is_package(module):
+            _, _, name = module.rpartition('.')
+            self.prefix += name + '/'
         self.archive = loader.archive
 
     def open_resource(self, resource):
diff --git a/Lib/importlib/util.py b/Lib/importlib/util.py
index c94a148e4c50e0..2b564e9b52e0cb 100644
--- a/Lib/importlib/util.py
+++ b/Lib/importlib/util.py
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
 from ._bootstrap import spec_from_loader
 from ._bootstrap import _find_spec
 from ._bootstrap_external import MAGIC_NUMBER
-from ._bootstrap_external import _RAW_MAGIC_NUMBER
 from ._bootstrap_external import cache_from_source
 from ._bootstrap_external import decode_source
 from ._bootstrap_external import source_from_cache
@@ -13,13 +12,12 @@
 
 import _imp
 import sys
-import threading
 import types
 
 
 def source_hash(source_bytes):
     "Return the hash of *source_bytes* as used in hash-based pyc files."
-    return _imp.source_hash(_RAW_MAGIC_NUMBER, source_bytes)
+    return _imp.source_hash(_imp.pyc_magic_number_token, source_bytes)
 
 
 def resolve_name(name, package):
@@ -257,6 +255,9 @@ def create_module(self, spec):
 
     def exec_module(self, module):
         """Make the module load lazily."""
+        # Threading is only needed for lazy loading, and importlib.util can
+        # be pulled in at interpreter startup, so defer until needed.
+        import threading
         module.__spec__.loader = self.loader
         module.__loader__ = self.loader
         # Don't need to worry about deep-copying as trying to set an attribute
@@ -270,3 +271,9 @@ def exec_module(self, module):
         loader_state['is_loading'] = False
         module.__spec__.loader_state = loader_state
         module.__class__ = _LazyModule
+
+
+__all__ = ['LazyLoader', 'Loader', 'MAGIC_NUMBER',
+           'cache_from_source', 'decode_source', 'find_spec',
+           'module_from_spec', 'resolve_name', 'source_from_cache',
+           'source_hash', 'spec_from_file_location', 'spec_from_loader']
diff --git a/Lib/inspect.py b/Lib/inspect.py
index 132146edc7288e..0950d233da80ad 100644
--- a/Lib/inspect.py
+++ b/Lib/inspect.py
@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@
 
 Here are some of the useful functions provided by this module:
 
-    ismodule(), isclass(), ismethod(), isfunction(), isgeneratorfunction(),
-        isgenerator(), istraceback(), isframe(), iscode(), isbuiltin(),
-        isroutine() - check object types
+    ismodule(), isclass(), ismethod(), ispackage(), isfunction(),
+        isgeneratorfunction(), isgenerator(), istraceback(), isframe(),
+        iscode(), isbuiltin(), isroutine() - check object types
     getmembers() - get members of an object that satisfy a given condition
 
     getfile(), getsourcefile(), getsource() - find an object's source code
@@ -24,8 +24,6 @@
     stack(), trace() - get info about frames on the stack or in a traceback
 
     signature() - get a Signature object for the callable
-
-    get_annotations() - safely compute an object's annotations
 """
 
 # This module is in the public domain.  No warranties.
@@ -131,6 +129,7 @@
     "ismethoddescriptor",
     "ismethodwrapper",
     "ismodule",
+    "ispackage",
     "isroutine",
     "istraceback",
     "markcoroutinefunction",
@@ -144,6 +143,8 @@
 
 
 import abc
+from annotationlib import Format
+from annotationlib import get_annotations  # re-exported
 import ast
 import dis
 import collections.abc
@@ -175,121 +176,6 @@
 TPFLAGS_IS_ABSTRACT = 1 << 20
 
 
-def get_annotations(obj, *, globals=None, locals=None, eval_str=False):
-    """Compute the annotations dict for an object.
-
-    obj may be a callable, class, or module.
-    Passing in an object of any other type raises TypeError.
-
-    Returns a dict.  get_annotations() returns a new dict every time
-    it's called; calling it twice on the same object will return two
-    different but equivalent dicts.
-
-    This function handles several details for you:
-
-      * If eval_str is true, values of type str will
-        be un-stringized using eval().  This is intended
-        for use with stringized annotations
-        ("from __future__ import annotations").
-      * If obj doesn't have an annotations dict, returns an
-        empty dict.  (Functions and methods always have an
-        annotations dict; classes, modules, and other types of
-        callables may not.)
-      * Ignores inherited annotations on classes.  If a class
-        doesn't have its own annotations dict, returns an empty dict.
-      * All accesses to object members and dict values are done
-        using getattr() and dict.get() for safety.
-      * Always, always, always returns a freshly-created dict.
-
-    eval_str controls whether or not values of type str are replaced
-    with the result of calling eval() on those values:
-
-      * If eval_str is true, eval() is called on values of type str.
-      * If eval_str is false (the default), values of type str are unchanged.
-
-    globals and locals are passed in to eval(); see the documentation
-    for eval() for more information.  If either globals or locals is
-    None, this function may replace that value with a context-specific
-    default, contingent on type(obj):
-
-      * If obj is a module, globals defaults to obj.__dict__.
-      * If obj is a class, globals defaults to
-        sys.modules[obj.__module__].__dict__ and locals
-        defaults to the obj class namespace.
-      * If obj is a callable, globals defaults to obj.__globals__,
-        although if obj is a wrapped function (using
-        functools.update_wrapper()) it is first unwrapped.
-    """
-    if isinstance(obj, type):
-        # class
-        obj_dict = getattr(obj, '__dict__', None)
-        if obj_dict and hasattr(obj_dict, 'get'):
-            ann = obj_dict.get('__annotations__', None)
-            if isinstance(ann, types.GetSetDescriptorType):
-                ann = None
-        else:
-            ann = None
-
-        obj_globals = None
-        module_name = getattr(obj, '__module__', None)
-        if module_name:
-            module = sys.modules.get(module_name, None)
-            if module:
-                obj_globals = getattr(module, '__dict__', None)
-        obj_locals = dict(vars(obj))
-        unwrap = obj
-    elif isinstance(obj, types.ModuleType):
-        # module
-        ann = getattr(obj, '__annotations__', None)
-        obj_globals = getattr(obj, '__dict__')
-        obj_locals = None
-        unwrap = None
-    elif callable(obj):
-        # this includes types.Function, types.BuiltinFunctionType,
-        # types.BuiltinMethodType, functools.partial, functools.singledispatch,
-        # "class funclike" from Lib/test/test_inspect... on and on it goes.
-        ann = getattr(obj, '__annotations__', None)
-        obj_globals = getattr(obj, '__globals__', None)
-        obj_locals = None
-        unwrap = obj
-    else:
-        raise TypeError(f"{obj!r} is not a module, class, or callable.")
-
-    if ann is None:
-        return {}
-
-    if not isinstance(ann, dict):
-        raise ValueError(f"{obj!r}.__annotations__ is neither a dict nor None")
-
-    if not ann:
-        return {}
-
-    if not eval_str:
-        return dict(ann)
-
-    if unwrap is not None:
-        while True:
-            if hasattr(unwrap, '__wrapped__'):
-                unwrap = unwrap.__wrapped__
-                continue
-            if isinstance(unwrap, functools.partial):
-                unwrap = unwrap.func
-                continue
-            break
-        if hasattr(unwrap, "__globals__"):
-            obj_globals = unwrap.__globals__
-
-    if globals is None:
-        globals = obj_globals
-    if locals is None:
-        locals = obj_locals
-
-    return_value = {key:
-        value if not isinstance(value, str) else eval(value, globals, locals)
-        for key, value in ann.items() }
-    return return_value
-
-
 # ----------------------------------------------------------- type-checking
 def ismodule(object):
     """Return true if the object is a module."""
@@ -303,15 +189,20 @@ def ismethod(object):
     """Return true if the object is an instance method."""
     return isinstance(object, types.MethodType)
 
+def ispackage(object):
+    """Return true if the object is a package."""
+    return ismodule(object) and hasattr(object, "__path__")
+
 def ismethoddescriptor(object):
     """Return true if the object is a method descriptor.
 
     But not if ismethod() or isclass() or isfunction() are true.
 
     This is new in Python 2.2, and, for example, is true of int.__add__.
-    An object passing this test has a __get__ attribute but not a __set__
-    attribute, but beyond that the set of attributes varies.  __name__ is
-    usually sensible, and __doc__ often is.
+    An object passing this test has a __get__ attribute, but not a
+    __set__ attribute or a __delete__ attribute. Beyond that, the set
+    of attributes varies; __name__ is usually sensible, and __doc__
+    often is.
 
     Methods implemented via descriptors that also pass one of the other
     tests return false from the ismethoddescriptor() test, simply because
@@ -321,7 +212,9 @@ def ismethoddescriptor(object):
         # mutual exclusion
         return False
     tp = type(object)
-    return hasattr(tp, "__get__") and not hasattr(tp, "__set__")
+    return (hasattr(tp, "__get__")
+            and not hasattr(tp, "__set__")
+            and not hasattr(tp, "__delete__"))
 
 def isdatadescriptor(object):
     """Return true if the object is a data descriptor.
@@ -377,11 +270,16 @@ def isfunction(object):
     Function objects provide these attributes:
         __doc__         documentation string
         __name__        name with which this function was defined
+        __qualname__    qualified name of this function
+        __module__      name of the module the function was defined in or None
         __code__        code object containing compiled function bytecode
         __defaults__    tuple of any default values for arguments
         __globals__     global namespace in which this function was defined
         __annotations__ dict of parameter annotations
-        __kwdefaults__  dict of keyword only parameters with defaults"""
+        __kwdefaults__  dict of keyword only parameters with defaults
+        __dict__        namespace which is supporting arbitrary function attributes
+        __closure__     a tuple of cells or None
+        __type_params__ tuple of type parameters"""
     return isinstance(object, types.FunctionType)
 
 def _has_code_flag(f, flag):
@@ -446,17 +344,18 @@ def isgenerator(object):
     """Return true if the object is a generator.
 
     Generator objects provide these attributes:
-        __iter__        defined to support iteration over container
-        close           raises a new GeneratorExit exception inside the
-                        generator to terminate the iteration
         gi_code         code object
         gi_frame        frame object or possibly None once the generator has
                         been exhausted
         gi_running      set to 1 when generator is executing, 0 otherwise
-        next            return the next item from the container
-        send            resumes the generator and "sends" a value that becomes
+        gi_yieldfrom    object being iterated by yield from or None
+
+        __iter__()      defined to support iteration over container
+        close()         raises a new GeneratorExit exception inside the
+                        generator to terminate the iteration
+        send()          resumes the generator and "sends" a value that becomes
                         the result of the current yield-expression
-        throw           used to raise an exception inside the generator"""
+        throw()         used to raise an exception inside the generator"""
     return isinstance(object, types.GeneratorType)
 
 def iscoroutine(object):
@@ -491,7 +390,11 @@ def isframe(object):
         f_lasti         index of last attempted instruction in bytecode
         f_lineno        current line number in Python source code
         f_locals        local namespace seen by this frame
-        f_trace         tracing function for this frame, or None"""
+        f_trace         tracing function for this frame, or None
+        f_trace_lines   is a tracing event triggered for each source line?
+        f_trace_opcodes are per-opcode events being requested?
+
+        clear()          used to clear all references to local variables"""
     return isinstance(object, types.FrameType)
 
 def iscode(object):
@@ -516,7 +419,12 @@ def iscode(object):
         co_names            tuple of names other than arguments and function locals
         co_nlocals          number of local variables
         co_stacksize        virtual machine stack space required
-        co_varnames         tuple of names of arguments and local variables"""
+        co_varnames         tuple of names of arguments and local variables
+        co_qualname         fully qualified function name
+
+        co_lines()          returns an iterator that yields successive bytecode ranges
+        co_positions()      returns an iterator of source code positions for each bytecode instruction
+        replace()           returns a copy of the code object with a new values"""
     return isinstance(object, types.CodeType)
 
 def isbuiltin(object):
@@ -1070,10 +978,12 @@ def findsource(object):
 
     if isclass(object):
         try:
-            firstlineno = object.__firstlineno__
-        except AttributeError:
+            lnum = vars(object)['__firstlineno__'] - 1
+        except (TypeError, KeyError):
             raise OSError('source code not available')
-        return lines, object.__firstlineno__ - 1
+        if lnum >= len(lines):
+            raise OSError('lineno is out of bounds')
+        return lines, lnum
 
     if ismethod(object):
         object = object.__func__
@@ -1417,7 +1327,9 @@ def getargvalues(frame):
     args, varargs, varkw = getargs(frame.f_code)
     return ArgInfo(args, varargs, varkw, frame.f_locals)
 
-def formatannotation(annotation, base_module=None):
+def formatannotation(annotation, base_module=None, *, quote_annotation_strings=True):
+    if not quote_annotation_strings and isinstance(annotation, str):
+        return annotation
     if getattr(annotation, '__module__', None) == 'typing':
         def repl(match):
             text = match.group()
@@ -2015,7 +1927,12 @@ def _signature_partial(sig, args, kwargs):
             if param.kind is _POSITIONAL_ONLY:
                 # If positional-only parameter is bound by partial,
                 # it effectively disappears from the signature
-                new_params.pop(param_name)
+                # However, if it is a Placeholder it is not removed
+                # And also looses default value
+                if arg_value is functools.Placeholder:
+                    new_params[param_name] = param.replace(default=_empty)
+                else:
+                    new_params.pop(param_name)
                 continue
 
             if param.kind is _POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD:
@@ -2037,7 +1954,17 @@ def _signature_partial(sig, args, kwargs):
                     new_params[param_name] = param.replace(default=arg_value)
                 else:
                     # was passed as a positional argument
-                    new_params.pop(param.name)
+                    # Do not pop if it is a Placeholder
+                    #   also change kind to positional only
+                    #   and remove default
+                    if arg_value is functools.Placeholder:
+                        new_param = param.replace(
+                            kind=_POSITIONAL_ONLY,
+                            default=_empty
+                        )
+                        new_params[param_name] = new_param
+                    else:
+                        new_params.pop(param_name)
                     continue
 
             if param.kind is _KEYWORD_ONLY:
@@ -2084,6 +2011,17 @@ def _signature_partialmethod(sig, args, kwargs):
         # First argument of the wrapped callable is `*args`, as in
         # `partialmethod(lambda *args)`.
         return new_sig
+    else:
+        sig_params = tuple(new_sig.parameters.values())
+        assert (not sig_params or
+                first_wrapped_param is not sig_params[0])
+        # If there were placeholders set,
+        #   first param is transformed to positional only
+        if args.count(functools.Placeholder):
+            first_wrapped_param = first_wrapped_param.replace(
+                kind=Parameter.POSITIONAL_ONLY)
+        new_params = (first_wrapped_param,) + sig_params
+        return new_sig.replace(parameters=new_params)
     sig_params = tuple(new_sig.parameters.values())
     assert not sig_params or first_wrapped_param is not sig_params[0]
     new_params = (first_wrapped_param, *sig_params)
@@ -2364,7 +2302,8 @@ def _signature_from_builtin(cls, func, skip_bound_arg=True):
 
 
 def _signature_from_function(cls, func, skip_bound_arg=True,
-                             globals=None, locals=None, eval_str=False):
+                             globals=None, locals=None, eval_str=False,
+                             *, annotation_format=Format.VALUE):
     """Private helper: constructs Signature for the given python function."""
 
     is_duck_function = False
@@ -2390,7 +2329,8 @@ def _signature_from_function(cls, func, skip_bound_arg=True,
     positional = arg_names[:pos_count]
     keyword_only_count = func_code.co_kwonlyargcount
     keyword_only = arg_names[pos_count:pos_count + keyword_only_count]
-    annotations = get_annotations(func, globals=globals, locals=locals, eval_str=eval_str)
+    annotations = get_annotations(func, globals=globals, locals=locals, eval_str=eval_str,
+                                  format=annotation_format)
     defaults = func.__defaults__
     kwdefaults = func.__kwdefaults__
 
@@ -2473,7 +2413,8 @@ def _signature_from_callable(obj, *,
                              globals=None,
                              locals=None,
                              eval_str=False,
-                             sigcls):
+                             sigcls,
+                             annotation_format=Format.VALUE):
 
     """Private helper function to get signature for arbitrary
     callable objects.
@@ -2485,7 +2426,8 @@ def _signature_from_callable(obj, *,
                                 globals=globals,
                                 locals=locals,
                                 sigcls=sigcls,
-                                eval_str=eval_str)
+                                eval_str=eval_str,
+                                annotation_format=annotation_format)
 
     if not callable(obj):
         raise TypeError('{!r} is not a callable object'.format(obj))
@@ -2518,18 +2460,10 @@ def _signature_from_callable(obj, *,
         pass
     else:
         if sig is not None:
-            # since __text_signature__ is not writable on classes, __signature__
-            # may contain text (or be a callable that returns text);
-            # if so, convert it
-            o_sig = sig
-            if not isinstance(sig, (Signature, str)) and callable(sig):
-                sig = sig()
-            if isinstance(sig, str):
-                sig = _signature_fromstr(sigcls, obj, sig)
             if not isinstance(sig, Signature):
                 raise TypeError(
                     'unexpected object {!r} in __signature__ '
-                    'attribute'.format(o_sig))
+                    'attribute'.format(sig))
             return sig
 
     try:
@@ -2546,31 +2480,34 @@ def _signature_from_callable(obj, *,
             # automatically (as for boundmethods)
 
             wrapped_sig = _get_signature_of(partialmethod.func)
+
             try:
                 return _signature_partialmethod(wrapped_sig, partialmethod.args, partialmethod.keywords)
             except TypeError as ex:
                 msg = f'partial object {partialmethod!r} has incorrect arguments'
                 raise ValueError(msg) from ex
 
+    if isinstance(obj, functools.partial):
+        wrapped_sig = _get_signature_of(obj.func)
+        try:
+            return _signature_partial(wrapped_sig, obj.args, obj.keywords)
+        except TypeError as ex:
+            msg = f'partial object {obj!r} has incorrect arguments'
+            raise ValueError(msg) from ex
+        return _signature_get_partial(wrapped_sig, obj)
+
     if isfunction(obj) or _signature_is_functionlike(obj):
         # If it's a pure Python function, or an object that is duck type
         # of a Python function (Cython functions, for instance), then:
         return _signature_from_function(sigcls, obj,
                                         skip_bound_arg=skip_bound_arg,
-                                        globals=globals, locals=locals, eval_str=eval_str)
+                                        globals=globals, locals=locals, eval_str=eval_str,
+                                        annotation_format=annotation_format)
 
     if _signature_is_builtin(obj):
         return _signature_from_builtin(sigcls, obj,
                                        skip_bound_arg=skip_bound_arg)
 
-    if isinstance(obj, functools.partial):
-        wrapped_sig = _get_signature_of(obj.func)
-        try:
-            return _signature_partial(wrapped_sig, obj.args, obj.keywords)
-        except TypeError as ex:
-            msg = f'partial object {obj!r} has incorrect arguments'
-            raise ValueError(msg) from ex
-
     if isinstance(obj, type):
         # obj is a class or a metaclass
 
@@ -2802,13 +2739,17 @@ def replace(self, *, name=_void, kind=_void,
     __replace__ = replace
 
     def __str__(self):
+        return self._format()
+
+    def _format(self, *, quote_annotation_strings=True):
         kind = self.kind
         formatted = self._name
 
         # Add annotation and default value
         if self._annotation is not _empty:
-            formatted = '{}: {}'.format(formatted,
-                                       formatannotation(self._annotation))
+            annotation = formatannotation(self._annotation,
+                                          quote_annotation_strings=quote_annotation_strings)
+            formatted = '{}: {}'.format(formatted, annotation)
 
         if self._default is not _empty:
             if self._annotation is not _empty:
@@ -3054,11 +2995,13 @@ def __init__(self, parameters=None, *, return_annotation=_empty,
 
     @classmethod
     def from_callable(cls, obj, *,
-                      follow_wrapped=True, globals=None, locals=None, eval_str=False):
+                      follow_wrapped=True, globals=None, locals=None, eval_str=False,
+                      annotation_format=Format.VALUE):
         """Constructs Signature for the given callable object."""
         return _signature_from_callable(obj, sigcls=cls,
                                         follow_wrapper_chains=follow_wrapped,
-                                        globals=globals, locals=locals, eval_str=eval_str)
+                                        globals=globals, locals=locals, eval_str=eval_str,
+                                        annotation_format=annotation_format)
 
     @property
     def parameters(self):
@@ -3273,19 +3216,24 @@ def __repr__(self):
     def __str__(self):
         return self.format()
 
-    def format(self, *, max_width=None):
+    def format(self, *, max_width=None, quote_annotation_strings=True):
         """Create a string representation of the Signature object.
 
         If *max_width* integer is passed,
         signature will try to fit into the *max_width*.
         If signature is longer than *max_width*,
         all parameters will be on separate lines.
+
+        If *quote_annotation_strings* is False, annotations
+        in the signature are displayed without opening and closing quotation
+        marks. This is useful when the signature was created with the
+        STRING format or when ``from __future__ import annotations`` was used.
         """
         result = []
         render_pos_only_separator = False
         render_kw_only_separator = True
         for param in self.parameters.values():
-            formatted = str(param)
+            formatted = param._format(quote_annotation_strings=quote_annotation_strings)
 
             kind = param.kind
 
@@ -3322,7 +3270,8 @@ def format(self, *, max_width=None):
             rendered = '(\n    {}\n)'.format(',\n    '.join(result))
 
         if self.return_annotation is not _empty:
-            anno = formatannotation(self.return_annotation)
+            anno = formatannotation(self.return_annotation,
+                                    quote_annotation_strings=quote_annotation_strings)
             rendered += ' -> {}'.format(anno)
 
         return rendered
@@ -3339,11 +3288,12 @@ def __init__(self, signatures):
 
     @staticmethod
     def from_callable(obj, *,
-                      follow_wrapped=True, globals=None, locals=None, eval_str=False):
+                      follow_wrapped=True, globals=None, locals=None, eval_str=False, annotation_format=Format.VALUE):
         """Constructs MultiSignature for the given callable object."""
         signature = Signature.from_callable(obj, follow_wrapped=follow_wrapped,
                                             globals=globals, locals=locals,
-                                            eval_str=eval_str)
+                                            eval_str=eval_str,
+                                            annotation_format=annotation_format)
         if not isinstance(signature, MultiSignature):
             signature = MultiSignature((signature,))
         return signature
@@ -3446,16 +3396,20 @@ def format(self, *, max_width=None):
                          for sig in self._signatures)
 
 
-def signature(obj, *, follow_wrapped=True, globals=None, locals=None, eval_str=False):
+def signature(obj, *, follow_wrapped=True, globals=None, locals=None, eval_str=False,
+              annotation_format=Format.VALUE):
     """Get a signature object for the passed callable."""
     return Signature.from_callable(obj, follow_wrapped=follow_wrapped,
-                                   globals=globals, locals=locals, eval_str=eval_str)
+                                   globals=globals, locals=locals, eval_str=eval_str,
+                                   annotation_format=annotation_format)
 
-def signatures(obj, *, follow_wrapped=True, globals=None, locals=None, eval_str=False):
+def signatures(obj, *, follow_wrapped=True, globals=None, locals=None, eval_str=False,
+               annotation_format=Format.VALUE):
     """Get a multi-signature object for the passed callable."""
     return MultiSignature.from_callable(obj, follow_wrapped=follow_wrapped,
                                         globals=globals, locals=locals,
-                                        eval_str=eval_str)
+                                        eval_str=eval_str,
+                                        annotation_format=annotation_format)
 
 
 class BufferFlags(enum.IntFlag):
diff --git a/Lib/ipaddress.py b/Lib/ipaddress.py
index 9cef275f7ae2fc..703fa289dda1fb 100644
--- a/Lib/ipaddress.py
+++ b/Lib/ipaddress.py
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ def summarize_address_range(first, last):
     else:
         raise ValueError('unknown IP version')
 
-    ip_bits = first._max_prefixlen
+    ip_bits = first.max_prefixlen
     first_int = first._ip
     last_int = last._ip
     while first_int <= last_int:
@@ -326,12 +326,12 @@ def collapse_addresses(addresses):
     # split IP addresses and networks
     for ip in addresses:
         if isinstance(ip, _BaseAddress):
-            if ips and ips[-1]._version != ip._version:
+            if ips and ips[-1].version != ip.version:
                 raise TypeError("%s and %s are not of the same version" % (
                                  ip, ips[-1]))
             ips.append(ip)
-        elif ip._prefixlen == ip._max_prefixlen:
-            if ips and ips[-1]._version != ip._version:
+        elif ip._prefixlen == ip.max_prefixlen:
+            if ips and ips[-1].version != ip.version:
                 raise TypeError("%s and %s are not of the same version" % (
                                  ip, ips[-1]))
             try:
@@ -339,7 +339,7 @@ def collapse_addresses(addresses):
             except AttributeError:
                 ips.append(ip.network_address)
         else:
-            if nets and nets[-1]._version != ip._version:
+            if nets and nets[-1].version != ip.version:
                 raise TypeError("%s and %s are not of the same version" % (
                                  ip, nets[-1]))
             nets.append(ip)
@@ -407,26 +407,21 @@ def reverse_pointer(self):
         """
         return self._reverse_pointer()
 
-    @property
-    def version(self):
-        msg = '%200s has no version specified' % (type(self),)
-        raise NotImplementedError(msg)
-
     def _check_int_address(self, address):
         if address < 0:
             msg = "%d (< 0) is not permitted as an IPv%d address"
-            raise AddressValueError(msg % (address, self._version))
+            raise AddressValueError(msg % (address, self.version))
         if address > self._ALL_ONES:
             msg = "%d (>= 2**%d) is not permitted as an IPv%d address"
-            raise AddressValueError(msg % (address, self._max_prefixlen,
-                                           self._version))
+            raise AddressValueError(msg % (address, self.max_prefixlen,
+                                           self.version))
 
     def _check_packed_address(self, address, expected_len):
         address_len = len(address)
         if address_len != expected_len:
             msg = "%r (len %d != %d) is not permitted as an IPv%d address"
             raise AddressValueError(msg % (address, address_len,
-                                           expected_len, self._version))
+                                           expected_len, self.version))
 
     @classmethod
     def _ip_int_from_prefix(cls, prefixlen):
@@ -455,12 +450,12 @@ def _prefix_from_ip_int(cls, ip_int):
             ValueError: If the input intermingles zeroes & ones
         """
         trailing_zeroes = _count_righthand_zero_bits(ip_int,
-                                                     cls._max_prefixlen)
-        prefixlen = cls._max_prefixlen - trailing_zeroes
+                                                     cls.max_prefixlen)
+        prefixlen = cls.max_prefixlen - trailing_zeroes
         leading_ones = ip_int >> trailing_zeroes
         all_ones = (1 << prefixlen) - 1
         if leading_ones != all_ones:
-            byteslen = cls._max_prefixlen // 8
+            byteslen = cls.max_prefixlen // 8
             details = ip_int.to_bytes(byteslen, 'big')
             msg = 'Netmask pattern %r mixes zeroes & ones'
             raise ValueError(msg % details)
@@ -492,7 +487,7 @@ def _prefix_from_prefix_string(cls, prefixlen_str):
             prefixlen = int(prefixlen_str)
         except ValueError:
             cls._report_invalid_netmask(prefixlen_str)
-        if not (0 <= prefixlen <= cls._max_prefixlen):
+        if not (0 <= prefixlen <= cls.max_prefixlen):
             cls._report_invalid_netmask(prefixlen_str)
         return prefixlen
 
@@ -542,7 +537,7 @@ def _split_addr_prefix(cls, address):
         """
         # a packed address or integer
         if isinstance(address, (bytes, int)):
-            return address, cls._max_prefixlen
+            return address, cls.max_prefixlen
 
         if not isinstance(address, tuple):
             # Assume input argument to be string or any object representation
@@ -552,7 +547,7 @@ def _split_addr_prefix(cls, address):
         # Constructing from a tuple (addr, [mask])
         if len(address) > 1:
             return address
-        return address[0], cls._max_prefixlen
+        return address[0], cls.max_prefixlen
 
     def __reduce__(self):
         return self.__class__, (str(self),)
@@ -577,14 +572,14 @@ def __int__(self):
     def __eq__(self, other):
         try:
             return (self._ip == other._ip
-                    and self._version == other._version)
+                    and self.version == other.version)
         except AttributeError:
             return NotImplemented
 
     def __lt__(self, other):
         if not isinstance(other, _BaseAddress):
             return NotImplemented
-        if self._version != other._version:
+        if self.version != other.version:
             raise TypeError('%s and %s are not of the same version' % (
                              self, other))
         if self._ip != other._ip:
@@ -613,7 +608,7 @@ def __hash__(self):
         return hash(hex(int(self._ip)))
 
     def _get_address_key(self):
-        return (self._version, self)
+        return (self.version, self)
 
     def __reduce__(self):
         return self.__class__, (self._ip,)
@@ -649,15 +644,15 @@ def __format__(self, fmt):
 
         # Set some defaults
         if fmt_base == 'n':
-            if self._version == 4:
+            if self.version == 4:
                 fmt_base = 'b'  # Binary is default for ipv4
             else:
                 fmt_base = 'x'  # Hex is default for ipv6
 
         if fmt_base == 'b':
-            padlen = self._max_prefixlen
+            padlen = self.max_prefixlen
         else:
-            padlen = self._max_prefixlen // 4
+            padlen = self.max_prefixlen // 4
 
         if grouping:
             padlen += padlen // 4 - 1
@@ -716,7 +711,7 @@ def __getitem__(self, n):
     def __lt__(self, other):
         if not isinstance(other, _BaseNetwork):
             return NotImplemented
-        if self._version != other._version:
+        if self.version != other.version:
             raise TypeError('%s and %s are not of the same version' % (
                              self, other))
         if self.network_address != other.network_address:
@@ -727,7 +722,7 @@ def __lt__(self, other):
 
     def __eq__(self, other):
         try:
-            return (self._version == other._version and
+            return (self.version == other.version and
                     self.network_address == other.network_address and
                     int(self.netmask) == int(other.netmask))
         except AttributeError:
@@ -738,7 +733,7 @@ def __hash__(self):
 
     def __contains__(self, other):
         # always false if one is v4 and the other is v6.
-        if self._version != other._version:
+        if self.version != other.version:
             return False
         # dealing with another network.
         if isinstance(other, _BaseNetwork):
@@ -829,7 +824,7 @@ def address_exclude(self, other):
             ValueError: If other is not completely contained by self.
 
         """
-        if not self._version == other._version:
+        if not self.version == other.version:
             raise TypeError("%s and %s are not of the same version" % (
                              self, other))
 
@@ -901,10 +896,10 @@ def compare_networks(self, other):
 
         """
         # does this need to raise a ValueError?
-        if self._version != other._version:
+        if self.version != other.version:
             raise TypeError('%s and %s are not of the same type' % (
                              self, other))
-        # self._version == other._version below here:
+        # self.version == other.version below here:
         if self.network_address < other.network_address:
             return -1
         if self.network_address > other.network_address:
@@ -924,7 +919,7 @@ def _get_networks_key(self):
         and list.sort().
 
         """
-        return (self._version, self.network_address, self.netmask)
+        return (self.version, self.network_address, self.netmask)
 
     def subnets(self, prefixlen_diff=1, new_prefix=None):
         """The subnets which join to make the current subnet.
@@ -952,7 +947,7 @@ def subnets(self, prefixlen_diff=1, new_prefix=None):
               number means a larger network)
 
         """
-        if self._prefixlen == self._max_prefixlen:
+        if self._prefixlen == self.max_prefixlen:
             yield self
             return
 
@@ -967,7 +962,7 @@ def subnets(self, prefixlen_diff=1, new_prefix=None):
             raise ValueError('prefix length diff must be > 0')
         new_prefixlen = self._prefixlen + prefixlen_diff
 
-        if new_prefixlen > self._max_prefixlen:
+        if new_prefixlen > self.max_prefixlen:
             raise ValueError(
                 'prefix length diff %d is invalid for netblock %s' % (
                     new_prefixlen, self))
@@ -1036,7 +1031,7 @@ def is_multicast(self):
     def _is_subnet_of(a, b):
         try:
             # Always false if one is v4 and the other is v6.
-            if a._version != b._version:
+            if a.version != b.version:
                 raise TypeError(f"{a} and {b} are not of the same version")
             return (b.network_address <= a.network_address and
                     b.broadcast_address >= a.broadcast_address)
@@ -1146,11 +1141,11 @@ class _BaseV4:
     """
 
     __slots__ = ()
-    _version = 4
+    version = 4
     # Equivalent to 255.255.255.255 or 32 bits of 1's.
     _ALL_ONES = (2**IPV4LENGTH) - 1
 
-    _max_prefixlen = IPV4LENGTH
+    max_prefixlen = IPV4LENGTH
     # There are only a handful of valid v4 netmasks, so we cache them all
     # when constructed (see _make_netmask()).
     _netmask_cache = {}
@@ -1170,7 +1165,7 @@ def _make_netmask(cls, arg):
         if arg not in cls._netmask_cache:
             if isinstance(arg, int):
                 prefixlen = arg
-                if not (0 <= prefixlen <= cls._max_prefixlen):
+                if not (0 <= prefixlen <= cls.max_prefixlen):
                     cls._report_invalid_netmask(prefixlen)
             else:
                 try:
@@ -1268,15 +1263,6 @@ def _reverse_pointer(self):
         reverse_octets = str(self).split('.')[::-1]
         return '.'.join(reverse_octets) + '.in-addr.arpa'
 
-    @property
-    def max_prefixlen(self):
-        return self._max_prefixlen
-
-    @property
-    def version(self):
-        return self._version
-
-
 class IPv4Address(_BaseV4, _BaseAddress):
 
     """Represent and manipulate single IPv4 Addresses."""
@@ -1556,9 +1542,9 @@ def __init__(self, address, strict=True):
                 self.network_address = IPv4Address(packed &
                                                    int(self.netmask))
 
-        if self._prefixlen == (self._max_prefixlen - 1):
+        if self._prefixlen == (self.max_prefixlen - 1):
             self.hosts = self.__iter__
-        elif self._prefixlen == (self._max_prefixlen):
+        elif self._prefixlen == (self.max_prefixlen):
             self.hosts = lambda: [IPv4Address(addr)]
 
     @property
@@ -1628,11 +1614,11 @@ class _BaseV6:
     """
 
     __slots__ = ()
-    _version = 6
+    version = 6
     _ALL_ONES = (2**IPV6LENGTH) - 1
     _HEXTET_COUNT = 8
     _HEX_DIGITS = frozenset('0123456789ABCDEFabcdef')
-    _max_prefixlen = IPV6LENGTH
+    max_prefixlen = IPV6LENGTH
 
     # There are only a bunch of valid v6 netmasks, so we cache them all
     # when constructed (see _make_netmask()).
@@ -1650,7 +1636,7 @@ def _make_netmask(cls, arg):
         if arg not in cls._netmask_cache:
             if isinstance(arg, int):
                 prefixlen = arg
-                if not (0 <= prefixlen <= cls._max_prefixlen):
+                if not (0 <= prefixlen <= cls.max_prefixlen):
                     cls._report_invalid_netmask(prefixlen)
             else:
                 prefixlen = cls._prefix_from_prefix_string(arg)
@@ -1912,15 +1898,6 @@ def _split_scope_id(ip_str):
             raise AddressValueError('Invalid IPv6 address: "%r"' % ip_str)
         return addr, scope_id
 
-    @property
-    def max_prefixlen(self):
-        return self._max_prefixlen
-
-    @property
-    def version(self):
-        return self._version
-
-
 class IPv6Address(_BaseV6, _BaseAddress):
 
     """Represent and manipulate single IPv6 Addresses."""
@@ -1970,12 +1947,21 @@ def __init__(self, address):
     def _explode_shorthand_ip_string(self):
         ipv4_mapped = self.ipv4_mapped
         if ipv4_mapped is None:
-            long_form = super()._explode_shorthand_ip_string()
-        else:
-            prefix_len = 30
-            raw_exploded_str = super()._explode_shorthand_ip_string()
-            long_form = "%s%s" % (raw_exploded_str[:prefix_len], str(ipv4_mapped))
-        return long_form
+            return super()._explode_shorthand_ip_string()
+        prefix_len = 30
+        raw_exploded_str = super()._explode_shorthand_ip_string()
+        return f"{raw_exploded_str[:prefix_len]}{ipv4_mapped!s}"
+
+    def _reverse_pointer(self):
+        ipv4_mapped = self.ipv4_mapped
+        if ipv4_mapped is None:
+            return super()._reverse_pointer()
+        prefix_len = 30
+        raw_exploded_str = super()._explode_shorthand_ip_string()[:prefix_len]
+        # ipv4 encoded using hexadecimal nibbles instead of decimals
+        ipv4_int = ipv4_mapped._ip
+        reverse_chars = f"{raw_exploded_str}{ipv4_int:008x}"[::-1].replace(':', '')
+        return '.'.join(reverse_chars) + '.ip6.arpa'
 
     def _ipv4_mapped_ipv6_to_str(self):
         """Return convenient text representation of IPv4-mapped IPv6 address
@@ -2043,6 +2029,9 @@ def is_multicast(self):
             See RFC 2373 2.7 for details.
 
         """
+        ipv4_mapped = self.ipv4_mapped
+        if ipv4_mapped is not None:
+            return ipv4_mapped.is_multicast
         return self in self._constants._multicast_network
 
     @property
@@ -2054,6 +2043,9 @@ def is_reserved(self):
             reserved IPv6 Network ranges.
 
         """
+        ipv4_mapped = self.ipv4_mapped
+        if ipv4_mapped is not None:
+            return ipv4_mapped.is_reserved
         return any(self in x for x in self._constants._reserved_networks)
 
     @property
@@ -2064,6 +2056,9 @@ def is_link_local(self):
             A boolean, True if the address is reserved per RFC 4291.
 
         """
+        ipv4_mapped = self.ipv4_mapped
+        if ipv4_mapped is not None:
+            return ipv4_mapped.is_link_local
         return self in self._constants._linklocal_network
 
     @property
@@ -2120,6 +2115,9 @@ def is_global(self):
         ``is_global`` has value opposite to :attr:`is_private`, except for the ``100.64.0.0/10``
         IPv4 range where they are both ``False``.
         """
+        ipv4_mapped = self.ipv4_mapped
+        if ipv4_mapped is not None:
+            return ipv4_mapped.is_global
         return not self.is_private
 
     @property
@@ -2131,6 +2129,9 @@ def is_unspecified(self):
             RFC 2373 2.5.2.
 
         """
+        ipv4_mapped = self.ipv4_mapped
+        if ipv4_mapped is not None:
+            return ipv4_mapped.is_unspecified
         return self._ip == 0
 
     @property
@@ -2323,9 +2324,9 @@ def __init__(self, address, strict=True):
                 self.network_address = IPv6Address(packed &
                                                    int(self.netmask))
 
-        if self._prefixlen == (self._max_prefixlen - 1):
+        if self._prefixlen == (self.max_prefixlen - 1):
             self.hosts = self.__iter__
-        elif self._prefixlen == self._max_prefixlen:
+        elif self._prefixlen == self.max_prefixlen:
             self.hosts = lambda: [IPv6Address(addr)]
 
     def hosts(self):
@@ -2374,6 +2375,8 @@ class _IPv6Constants:
         IPv6Network('2001:db8::/32'),
         # IANA says N/A, let's consider it not globally reachable to be safe
         IPv6Network('2002::/16'),
+        # RFC 9637: https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9637.html#section-6-2.2
+        IPv6Network('3fff::/20'),
         IPv6Network('fc00::/7'),
         IPv6Network('fe80::/10'),
         ]
diff --git a/Lib/json/__init__.py b/Lib/json/__init__.py
index ed2c74771ea87d..1d972d22ded072 100644
--- a/Lib/json/__init__.py
+++ b/Lib/json/__init__.py
@@ -86,13 +86,13 @@
     '[2.0, 1.0]'
 
 
-Using json.tool from the shell to validate and pretty-print::
+Using json from the shell to validate and pretty-print::
 
-    $ echo '{"json":"obj"}' | python -m json.tool
+    $ echo '{"json":"obj"}' | python -m json
     {
         "json": "obj"
     }
-    $ echo '{ 1.2:3.4}' | python -m json.tool
+    $ echo '{ 1.2:3.4}' | python -m json
     Expecting property name enclosed in double quotes: line 1 column 3 (char 2)
 """
 __version__ = '2.0.9'
diff --git a/Lib/json/__main__.py b/Lib/json/__main__.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..1808eaddb62776
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/json/__main__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+"""Command-line tool to validate and pretty-print JSON
+
+Usage::
+
+    $ echo '{"json":"obj"}' | python -m json
+    {
+        "json": "obj"
+    }
+    $ echo '{ 1.2:3.4}' | python -m json
+    Expecting property name enclosed in double quotes: line 1 column 3 (char 2)
+
+"""
+import json.tool
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    try:
+        json.tool.main()
+    except BrokenPipeError as exc:
+        raise SystemExit(exc.errno)
diff --git a/Lib/json/decoder.py b/Lib/json/decoder.py
index d69a45d6793069..ff4bfcdcc407b9 100644
--- a/Lib/json/decoder.py
+++ b/Lib/json/decoder.py
@@ -50,17 +50,18 @@ def __reduce__(self):
 }
 
 
+HEXDIGITS = re.compile(r'[0-9A-Fa-f]{4}', FLAGS)
 STRINGCHUNK = re.compile(r'(.*?)(["\\\x00-\x1f])', FLAGS)
 BACKSLASH = {
     '"': '"', '\\': '\\', '/': '/',
     'b': '\b', 'f': '\f', 'n': '\n', 'r': '\r', 't': '\t',
 }
 
-def _decode_uXXXX(s, pos):
-    esc = s[pos + 1:pos + 5]
-    if len(esc) == 4 and esc[1] not in 'xX':
+def _decode_uXXXX(s, pos, _m=HEXDIGITS.match):
+    esc = _m(s, pos + 1)
+    if esc is not None:
         try:
-            return int(esc, 16)
+            return int(esc.group(), 16)
         except ValueError:
             pass
     msg = "Invalid \\uXXXX escape"
diff --git a/Lib/json/encoder.py b/Lib/json/encoder.py
index 323332f064edf8..b804224098e14f 100644
--- a/Lib/json/encoder.py
+++ b/Lib/json/encoder.py
@@ -293,37 +293,40 @@ def _iterencode_list(lst, _current_indent_level):
         else:
             newline_indent = None
             separator = _item_separator
-        first = True
-        for value in lst:
-            if first:
-                first = False
-            else:
+        for i, value in enumerate(lst):
+            if i:
                 buf = separator
-            if isinstance(value, str):
-                yield buf + _encoder(value)
-            elif value is None:
-                yield buf + 'null'
-            elif value is True:
-                yield buf + 'true'
-            elif value is False:
-                yield buf + 'false'
-            elif isinstance(value, int):
-                # Subclasses of int/float may override __repr__, but we still
-                # want to encode them as integers/floats in JSON. One example
-                # within the standard library is IntEnum.
-                yield buf + _intstr(value)
-            elif isinstance(value, float):
-                # see comment above for int
-                yield buf + _floatstr(value)
-            else:
-                yield buf
-                if isinstance(value, (list, tuple)):
-                    chunks = _iterencode_list(value, _current_indent_level)
-                elif isinstance(value, dict):
-                    chunks = _iterencode_dict(value, _current_indent_level)
+            try:
+                if isinstance(value, str):
+                    yield buf + _encoder(value)
+                elif value is None:
+                    yield buf + 'null'
+                elif value is True:
+                    yield buf + 'true'
+                elif value is False:
+                    yield buf + 'false'
+                elif isinstance(value, int):
+                    # Subclasses of int/float may override __repr__, but we still
+                    # want to encode them as integers/floats in JSON. One example
+                    # within the standard library is IntEnum.
+                    yield buf + _intstr(value)
+                elif isinstance(value, float):
+                    # see comment above for int
+                    yield buf + _floatstr(value)
                 else:
-                    chunks = _iterencode(value, _current_indent_level)
-                yield from chunks
+                    yield buf
+                    if isinstance(value, (list, tuple)):
+                        chunks = _iterencode_list(value, _current_indent_level)
+                    elif isinstance(value, dict):
+                        chunks = _iterencode_dict(value, _current_indent_level)
+                    else:
+                        chunks = _iterencode(value, _current_indent_level)
+                    yield from chunks
+            except GeneratorExit:
+                raise
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                exc.add_note(f'when serializing {type(lst).__name__} item {i}')
+                raise
         if newline_indent is not None:
             _current_indent_level -= 1
             yield '\n' + _indent * _current_indent_level
@@ -382,28 +385,34 @@ def _iterencode_dict(dct, _current_indent_level):
                 yield item_separator
             yield _encoder(key)
             yield _key_separator
-            if isinstance(value, str):
-                yield _encoder(value)
-            elif value is None:
-                yield 'null'
-            elif value is True:
-                yield 'true'
-            elif value is False:
-                yield 'false'
-            elif isinstance(value, int):
-                # see comment for int/float in _make_iterencode
-                yield _intstr(value)
-            elif isinstance(value, float):
-                # see comment for int/float in _make_iterencode
-                yield _floatstr(value)
-            else:
-                if isinstance(value, (list, tuple)):
-                    chunks = _iterencode_list(value, _current_indent_level)
-                elif isinstance(value, dict):
-                    chunks = _iterencode_dict(value, _current_indent_level)
+            try:
+                if isinstance(value, str):
+                    yield _encoder(value)
+                elif value is None:
+                    yield 'null'
+                elif value is True:
+                    yield 'true'
+                elif value is False:
+                    yield 'false'
+                elif isinstance(value, int):
+                    # see comment for int/float in _make_iterencode
+                    yield _intstr(value)
+                elif isinstance(value, float):
+                    # see comment for int/float in _make_iterencode
+                    yield _floatstr(value)
                 else:
-                    chunks = _iterencode(value, _current_indent_level)
-                yield from chunks
+                    if isinstance(value, (list, tuple)):
+                        chunks = _iterencode_list(value, _current_indent_level)
+                    elif isinstance(value, dict):
+                        chunks = _iterencode_dict(value, _current_indent_level)
+                    else:
+                        chunks = _iterencode(value, _current_indent_level)
+                    yield from chunks
+            except GeneratorExit:
+                raise
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                exc.add_note(f'when serializing {type(dct).__name__} item {key!r}')
+                raise
         if newline_indent is not None:
             _current_indent_level -= 1
             yield '\n' + _indent * _current_indent_level
@@ -436,8 +445,14 @@ def _iterencode(o, _current_indent_level):
                 if markerid in markers:
                     raise ValueError("Circular reference detected")
                 markers[markerid] = o
-            o = _default(o)
-            yield from _iterencode(o, _current_indent_level)
+            newobj = _default(o)
+            try:
+                yield from _iterencode(newobj, _current_indent_level)
+            except GeneratorExit:
+                raise
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                exc.add_note(f'when serializing {type(o).__name__} object')
+                raise
             if markers is not None:
                 del markers[markerid]
     return _iterencode
diff --git a/Lib/json/scanner.py b/Lib/json/scanner.py
index 7a61cfc2d24dce..090897515fe2f3 100644
--- a/Lib/json/scanner.py
+++ b/Lib/json/scanner.py
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 __all__ = ['make_scanner']
 
 NUMBER_RE = re.compile(
-    r'(-?(?:0|[1-9]\d*))(\.\d+)?([eE][-+]?\d+)?',
+    r'(-?(?:0|[1-9][0-9]*))(\.[0-9]+)?([eE][-+]?[0-9]+)?',
     (re.VERBOSE | re.MULTILINE | re.DOTALL))
 
 def py_make_scanner(context):
diff --git a/Lib/json/tool.py b/Lib/json/tool.py
index fdfc3372bcca02..1ba91384c81f27 100644
--- a/Lib/json/tool.py
+++ b/Lib/json/tool.py
@@ -1,14 +1,7 @@
-r"""Command-line tool to validate and pretty-print JSON
-
-Usage::
-
-    $ echo '{"json":"obj"}' | python -m json.tool
-    {
-        "json": "obj"
-    }
-    $ echo '{ 1.2:3.4}' | python -m json.tool
-    Expecting property name enclosed in double quotes: line 1 column 3 (char 2)
+"""Command-line tool to validate and pretty-print JSON
 
+See `json.__main__` for a usage example (invocation as
+`python -m json.tool` is supported for backwards compatibility).
 """
 import argparse
 import json
@@ -16,10 +9,9 @@
 
 
 def main():
-    prog = 'python -m json.tool'
     description = ('A simple command line interface for json module '
                    'to validate and pretty-print JSON objects.')
-    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog=prog, description=description)
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=description)
     parser.add_argument('infile', nargs='?',
                         help='a JSON file to be validated or pretty-printed',
                         default='-')
@@ -86,4 +78,4 @@ def main():
     try:
         main()
     except BrokenPipeError as exc:
-        sys.exit(exc.errno)
+        raise SystemExit(exc.errno)
diff --git a/Lib/linecache.py b/Lib/linecache.py
index 3462f1c451ba29..4b38a0464d8747 100644
--- a/Lib/linecache.py
+++ b/Lib/linecache.py
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ def checkcache(filename=None):
             return
         try:
             stat = os.stat(fullname)
-        except OSError:
+        except (OSError, ValueError):
             cache.pop(filename, None)
             continue
         if size != stat.st_size or mtime != stat.st_mtime:
@@ -135,10 +135,12 @@ def updatecache(filename, module_globals=None):
             try:
                 stat = os.stat(fullname)
                 break
-            except OSError:
+            except (OSError, ValueError):
                 pass
         else:
             return []
+    except ValueError:  # may be raised by os.stat()
+        return []
     try:
         with tokenize.open(fullname) as fp:
             lines = fp.readlines()
diff --git a/Lib/logging/__init__.py b/Lib/logging/__init__.py
index 174b37c0ab305b..aa9b79d8cab4bb 100644
--- a/Lib/logging/__init__.py
+++ b/Lib/logging/__init__.py
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@
            'captureWarnings', 'critical', 'debug', 'disable', 'error',
            'exception', 'fatal', 'getLevelName', 'getLogger', 'getLoggerClass',
            'info', 'log', 'makeLogRecord', 'setLoggerClass', 'shutdown',
-           'warning', 'getLogRecordFactory', 'setLogRecordFactory',
+           'warn', 'warning', 'getLogRecordFactory', 'setLogRecordFactory',
            'lastResort', 'raiseExceptions', 'getLevelNamesMapping',
            'getHandlerByName', 'getHandlerNames']
 
@@ -340,11 +340,14 @@ def __init__(self, name, level, pathname, lineno,
         self.lineno = lineno
         self.funcName = func
         self.created = ct / 1e9  # ns to float seconds
-
         # Get the number of whole milliseconds (0-999) in the fractional part of seconds.
         # Eg: 1_677_903_920_999_998_503 ns --> 999_998_503 ns--> 999 ms
         # Convert to float by adding 0.0 for historical reasons. See gh-89047
         self.msecs = (ct % 1_000_000_000) // 1_000_000 + 0.0
+        if self.msecs == 999.0 and int(self.created) != ct // 1_000_000_000:
+            # ns -> sec conversion can round up, e.g:
+            # 1_677_903_920_999_999_900 ns --> 1_677_903_921.0 sec
+            self.msecs = 0.0
 
         self.relativeCreated = (ct - _startTime) / 1e6
         if logThreads:
@@ -1527,6 +1530,11 @@ def warning(self, msg, *args, **kwargs):
         if self.isEnabledFor(WARNING):
             self._log(WARNING, msg, args, **kwargs)
 
+    def warn(self, msg, *args, **kwargs):
+        warnings.warn("The 'warn' method is deprecated, "
+            "use 'warning' instead", DeprecationWarning, 2)
+        self.warning(msg, *args, **kwargs)
+
     def error(self, msg, *args, **kwargs):
         """
         Log 'msg % args' with severity 'ERROR'.
@@ -1903,6 +1911,11 @@ def warning(self, msg, *args, **kwargs):
         """
         self.log(WARNING, msg, *args, **kwargs)
 
+    def warn(self, msg, *args, **kwargs):
+        warnings.warn("The 'warn' method is deprecated, "
+            "use 'warning' instead", DeprecationWarning, 2)
+        self.warning(msg, *args, **kwargs)
+
     def error(self, msg, *args, **kwargs):
         """
         Delegate an error call to the underlying logger.
@@ -2166,6 +2179,11 @@ def warning(msg, *args, **kwargs):
         basicConfig()
     root.warning(msg, *args, **kwargs)
 
+def warn(msg, *args, **kwargs):
+    warnings.warn("The 'warn' function is deprecated, "
+        "use 'warning' instead", DeprecationWarning, 2)
+    warning(msg, *args, **kwargs)
+
 def info(msg, *args, **kwargs):
     """
     Log a message with severity 'INFO' on the root logger. If the logger has
diff --git a/Lib/logging/config.py b/Lib/logging/config.py
index 9de84e527b18ac..6a6a7f726f7e0c 100644
--- a/Lib/logging/config.py
+++ b/Lib/logging/config.py
@@ -497,6 +497,33 @@ def as_tuple(self, value):
             value = tuple(value)
         return value
 
+def _is_queue_like_object(obj):
+    """Check that *obj* implements the Queue API."""
+    if isinstance(obj, (queue.Queue, queue.SimpleQueue)):
+        return True
+    # defer importing multiprocessing as much as possible
+    from multiprocessing.queues import Queue as MPQueue
+    if isinstance(obj, MPQueue):
+        return True
+    # Depending on the multiprocessing start context, we cannot create
+    # a multiprocessing.managers.BaseManager instance 'mm' to get the
+    # runtime type of mm.Queue() or mm.JoinableQueue() (see gh-119819).
+    #
+    # Since we only need an object implementing the Queue API, we only
+    # do a protocol check, but we do not use typing.runtime_checkable()
+    # and typing.Protocol to reduce import time (see gh-121723).
+    #
+    # Ideally, we would have wanted to simply use strict type checking
+    # instead of a protocol-based type checking since the latter does
+    # not check the method signatures.
+    #
+    # Note that only 'put_nowait' and 'get' are required by the logging
+    # queue handler and queue listener (see gh-124653) and that other
+    # methods are either optional or unused.
+    minimal_queue_interface = ['put_nowait', 'get']
+    return all(callable(getattr(obj, method, None))
+               for method in minimal_queue_interface)
+
 class DictConfigurator(BaseConfigurator):
     """
     Configure logging using a dictionary-like object to describe the
@@ -780,25 +807,20 @@ def configure_handler(self, config):
                 # if 'handlers' not in config:
                     # raise ValueError('No handlers specified for a QueueHandler')
                 if 'queue' in config:
-                    from multiprocessing.queues import Queue as MPQueue
-                    from multiprocessing import Manager as MM
-                    proxy_queue = MM().Queue()
-                    proxy_joinable_queue = MM().JoinableQueue()
                     qspec = config['queue']
-                    if not isinstance(qspec, (queue.Queue, MPQueue,
-                                      type(proxy_queue), type(proxy_joinable_queue))):
-                        if isinstance(qspec, str):
-                            q = self.resolve(qspec)
-                            if not callable(q):
-                                raise TypeError('Invalid queue specifier %r' % qspec)
-                            q = q()
-                        elif isinstance(qspec, dict):
-                            if '()' not in qspec:
-                                raise TypeError('Invalid queue specifier %r' % qspec)
-                            q = self.configure_custom(dict(qspec))
-                        else:
+
+                    if isinstance(qspec, str):
+                        q = self.resolve(qspec)
+                        if not callable(q):
                             raise TypeError('Invalid queue specifier %r' % qspec)
-                        config['queue'] = q
+                        config['queue'] = q()
+                    elif isinstance(qspec, dict):
+                        if '()' not in qspec:
+                            raise TypeError('Invalid queue specifier %r' % qspec)
+                        config['queue'] = self.configure_custom(dict(qspec))
+                    elif not _is_queue_like_object(qspec):
+                        raise TypeError('Invalid queue specifier %r' % qspec)
+
                 if 'listener' in config:
                     lspec = config['listener']
                     if isinstance(lspec, type):
@@ -984,7 +1006,8 @@ class ConfigSocketReceiver(ThreadingTCPServer):
         A simple TCP socket-based logging config receiver.
         """
 
-        allow_reuse_address = 1
+        allow_reuse_address = True
+        allow_reuse_port = True
 
         def __init__(self, host='localhost', port=DEFAULT_LOGGING_CONFIG_PORT,
                      handler=None, ready=None, verify=None):
diff --git a/Lib/logging/handlers.py b/Lib/logging/handlers.py
index 410bd9851f366d..1cba64fd554100 100644
--- a/Lib/logging/handlers.py
+++ b/Lib/logging/handlers.py
@@ -193,15 +193,18 @@ def shouldRollover(self, record):
         Basically, see if the supplied record would cause the file to exceed
         the size limit we have.
         """
-        # See bpo-45401: Never rollover anything other than regular files
-        if os.path.exists(self.baseFilename) and not os.path.isfile(self.baseFilename):
-            return False
         if self.stream is None:                 # delay was set...
             self.stream = self._open()
         if self.maxBytes > 0:                   # are we rolling over?
+            pos = self.stream.tell()
+            if not pos:
+                # gh-116263: Never rollover an empty file
+                return False
             msg = "%s\n" % self.format(record)
-            self.stream.seek(0, 2)  #due to non-posix-compliant Windows feature
-            if self.stream.tell() + len(msg) >= self.maxBytes:
+            if pos + len(msg) >= self.maxBytes:
+                # See bpo-45401: Never rollover anything other than regular files
+                if os.path.exists(self.baseFilename) and not os.path.isfile(self.baseFilename):
+                    return False
                 return True
         return False
 
diff --git a/Lib/lzma.py b/Lib/lzma.py
index c1e3d33deb69a1..946066aa0fba56 100644
--- a/Lib/lzma.py
+++ b/Lib/lzma.py
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 import io
 import os
 from _lzma import *
-from _lzma import _encode_filter_properties, _decode_filter_properties
+from _lzma import _encode_filter_properties, _decode_filter_properties  # noqa: F401
 import _compression
 
 
diff --git a/Lib/mimetypes.py b/Lib/mimetypes.py
index bacee8ba164b48..d7c4e8444f8dec 100644
--- a/Lib/mimetypes.py
+++ b/Lib/mimetypes.py
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ def guess_type(self, url, strict=True):
     def guess_file_type(self, path, *, strict=True):
         """Guess the type of a file based on its path.
 
-        Similar to guess_type(), but takes file path istead of URL.
+        Similar to guess_type(), but takes file path instead of URL.
         """
         path = os.fsdecode(path)
         path = os.path.splitdrive(path)[1]
@@ -325,7 +325,7 @@ def guess_type(url, strict=True):
 def guess_file_type(path, *, strict=True):
     """Guess the type of a file based on its path.
 
-    Similar to guess_type(), but takes file path istead of URL.
+    Similar to guess_type(), but takes file path instead of URL.
     """
     if _db is None:
         init()
diff --git a/Lib/multiprocessing/connection.py b/Lib/multiprocessing/connection.py
index b7e1e132172d02..7e901cf2fb9852 100644
--- a/Lib/multiprocessing/connection.py
+++ b/Lib/multiprocessing/connection.py
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@
 
 import errno
 import io
+import itertools
 import os
 import sys
 import socket
 import struct
-import time
 import tempfile
-import itertools
+import time
 
 
 from . import util
@@ -39,7 +39,9 @@
 #
 #
 
-BUFSIZE = 8192
+# 64 KiB is the default PIPE buffer size of most POSIX platforms.
+BUFSIZE = 64 * 1024
+
 # A very generous timeout when it comes to local connections...
 CONNECTION_TIMEOUT = 20.
 
@@ -392,7 +394,8 @@ def _recv(self, size, read=_read):
         handle = self._handle
         remaining = size
         while remaining > 0:
-            chunk = read(handle, remaining)
+            to_read = min(BUFSIZE, remaining)
+            chunk = read(handle, to_read)
             n = len(chunk)
             if n == 0:
                 if remaining == size:
diff --git a/Lib/multiprocessing/context.py b/Lib/multiprocessing/context.py
index de8a264829dff3..d0a3ad00e53ad8 100644
--- a/Lib/multiprocessing/context.py
+++ b/Lib/multiprocessing/context.py
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ def allow_connection_pickling(self):
         '''
         # This is undocumented.  In previous versions of multiprocessing
         # its only effect was to make socket objects inheritable on Windows.
-        from . import connection
+        from . import connection  # noqa: F401
 
     def set_executable(self, executable):
         '''Sets the path to a python.exe or pythonw.exe binary used to run
@@ -259,13 +259,12 @@ def get_start_method(self, allow_none=False):
 
     def get_all_start_methods(self):
         """Returns a list of the supported start methods, default first."""
-        if sys.platform == 'win32':
-            return ['spawn']
-        else:
-            methods = ['spawn', 'fork'] if sys.platform == 'darwin' else ['fork', 'spawn']
-            if reduction.HAVE_SEND_HANDLE:
-                methods.append('forkserver')
-            return methods
+        default = self._default_context.get_start_method()
+        start_method_names = [default]
+        start_method_names.extend(
+            name for name in _concrete_contexts if name != default
+        )
+        return start_method_names
 
 
 #
@@ -320,14 +319,15 @@ def _check_available(self):
         'spawn': SpawnContext(),
         'forkserver': ForkServerContext(),
     }
-    if sys.platform == 'darwin':
-        # bpo-33725: running arbitrary code after fork() is no longer reliable
-        # on macOS since macOS 10.14 (Mojave). Use spawn by default instead.
-        _default_context = DefaultContext(_concrete_contexts['spawn'])
+    # bpo-33725: running arbitrary code after fork() is no longer reliable
+    # on macOS since macOS 10.14 (Mojave). Use spawn by default instead.
+    # gh-84559: We changed everyones default to a thread safeish one in 3.14.
+    if reduction.HAVE_SEND_HANDLE and sys.platform != 'darwin':
+        _default_context = DefaultContext(_concrete_contexts['forkserver'])
     else:
-        _default_context = DefaultContext(_concrete_contexts['fork'])
+        _default_context = DefaultContext(_concrete_contexts['spawn'])
 
-else:
+else:  # Windows
 
     class SpawnProcess(process.BaseProcess):
         _start_method = 'spawn'
diff --git a/Lib/multiprocessing/shared_memory.py b/Lib/multiprocessing/shared_memory.py
index 67e70fdc27cf31..99a8ce3320ad4e 100644
--- a/Lib/multiprocessing/shared_memory.py
+++ b/Lib/multiprocessing/shared_memory.py
@@ -539,6 +539,6 @@ def index(self, value):
             if value == entry:
                 return position
         else:
-            raise ValueError(f"{value!r} not in this container")
+            raise ValueError("ShareableList.index(x): x not in list")
 
     __class_getitem__ = classmethod(types.GenericAlias)
diff --git a/Lib/multiprocessing/util.py b/Lib/multiprocessing/util.py
index 75dde02d88c533..b7192042b9cf47 100644
--- a/Lib/multiprocessing/util.py
+++ b/Lib/multiprocessing/util.py
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 import atexit
 import threading        # we want threading to install it's
                         # cleanup function before multiprocessing does
-from subprocess import _args_from_interpreter_flags
+from subprocess import _args_from_interpreter_flags  # noqa: F401
 
 from . import process
 
@@ -438,15 +438,13 @@ def _flush_std_streams():
 
 def spawnv_passfds(path, args, passfds):
     import _posixsubprocess
-    import subprocess
     passfds = tuple(sorted(map(int, passfds)))
     errpipe_read, errpipe_write = os.pipe()
     try:
         return _posixsubprocess.fork_exec(
             args, [path], True, passfds, None, None,
             -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, errpipe_read, errpipe_write,
-            False, False, -1, None, None, None, -1, None,
-            subprocess._USE_VFORK)
+            False, False, -1, None, None, None, -1, None)
     finally:
         os.close(errpipe_read)
         os.close(errpipe_write)
diff --git a/Lib/ntpath.py b/Lib/ntpath.py
index 83e2d3b865757c..1b1873f08b608b 100644
--- a/Lib/ntpath.py
+++ b/Lib/ntpath.py
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@
 
 import os
 import sys
-import stat
 import genericpath
 from genericpath import *
 
diff --git a/Lib/opcode.py b/Lib/opcode.py
index 85e37ff53e577f..974f4d35e2a524 100644
--- a/Lib/opcode.py
+++ b/Lib/opcode.py
@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@
 import _opcode
 from _opcode import stack_effect
 
-from _opcode_metadata import (_specializations, _specialized_opmap, opmap,
-                              HAVE_ARGUMENT, MIN_INSTRUMENTED_OPCODE)
+from _opcode_metadata import (_specializations, _specialized_opmap, opmap,  # noqa: F401
+                              HAVE_ARGUMENT, MIN_INSTRUMENTED_OPCODE)  # noqa: F401
 EXTENDED_ARG = opmap['EXTENDED_ARG']
 
 opname = ['<%r>' % (op,) for op in range(max(opmap.values()) + 1)]
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
 
 _intrinsic_1_descs = _opcode.get_intrinsic1_descs()
 _intrinsic_2_descs = _opcode.get_intrinsic2_descs()
+_special_method_names = _opcode.get_special_method_names()
 _common_constants = [AssertionError, NotImplementedError]
 _nb_ops = _opcode.get_nb_ops()
 
@@ -84,6 +85,10 @@
         "counter": 1,
         "func_version": 2,
     },
+    "CALL_KW": {
+        "counter": 1,
+        "func_version": 2,
+    },
     "STORE_SUBSCR": {
         "counter": 1,
     },
diff --git a/Lib/operator.py b/Lib/operator.py
index 02ccdaa13ddb31..1b765522f85949 100644
--- a/Lib/operator.py
+++ b/Lib/operator.py
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@
            'delitem', 'eq', 'floordiv', 'ge', 'getitem', 'gt', 'iadd', 'iand',
            'iconcat', 'ifloordiv', 'ilshift', 'imatmul', 'imod', 'imul',
            'index', 'indexOf', 'inv', 'invert', 'ior', 'ipow', 'irshift',
-           'is_', 'is_not', 'isub', 'itemgetter', 'itruediv', 'ixor', 'le',
-           'length_hint', 'lshift', 'lt', 'matmul', 'methodcaller', 'mod',
+           'is_', 'is_none', 'is_not', 'is_not_none', 'isub', 'itemgetter', 'itruediv',
+           'ixor', 'le', 'length_hint', 'lshift', 'lt', 'matmul', 'methodcaller', 'mod',
            'mul', 'ne', 'neg', 'not_', 'or_', 'pos', 'pow', 'rshift',
            'setitem', 'sub', 'truediv', 'truth', 'xor']
 
@@ -66,6 +66,14 @@ def is_not(a, b):
     "Same as a is not b."
     return a is not b
 
+def is_none(a):
+    "Same as a is None."
+    return a is None
+
+def is_not_none(a):
+    "Same as a is not None."
+    return a is not None
+
 # Mathematical/Bitwise Operations *********************************************#
 
 def abs(a):
@@ -415,7 +423,7 @@ def ixor(a, b):
 except ImportError:
     pass
 else:
-    from _operator import __doc__
+    from _operator import __doc__  # noqa: F401
 
 # All of these "__func__ = func" assignments have to happen after importing
 # from _operator to make sure they're set to the right function
diff --git a/Lib/os.py b/Lib/os.py
index 0408e2db79e66e..aaa758d955fe4c 100644
--- a/Lib/os.py
+++ b/Lib/os.py
@@ -64,6 +64,10 @@ def _get_exports_list(module):
         from posix import _have_functions
     except ImportError:
         pass
+    try:
+        from posix import _create_environ
+    except ImportError:
+        pass
 
     import posix
     __all__.extend(_get_exports_list(posix))
@@ -88,6 +92,10 @@ def _get_exports_list(module):
         from nt import _have_functions
     except ImportError:
         pass
+    try:
+        from nt import _create_environ
+    except ImportError:
+        pass
 
 else:
     raise ImportError('no os specific module found')
@@ -365,61 +373,45 @@ def walk(top, topdown=True, onerror=None, followlinks=False):
         # minor reason when (say) a thousand readable directories are still
         # left to visit.
         try:
-            scandir_it = scandir(top)
+            with scandir(top) as entries:
+                for entry in entries:
+                    try:
+                        if followlinks is _walk_symlinks_as_files:
+                            is_dir = entry.is_dir(follow_symlinks=False) and not entry.is_junction()
+                        else:
+                            is_dir = entry.is_dir()
+                    except OSError:
+                        # If is_dir() raises an OSError, consider the entry not to
+                        # be a directory, same behaviour as os.path.isdir().
+                        is_dir = False
+
+                    if is_dir:
+                        dirs.append(entry.name)
+                    else:
+                        nondirs.append(entry.name)
+
+                    if not topdown and is_dir:
+                        # Bottom-up: traverse into sub-directory, but exclude
+                        # symlinks to directories if followlinks is False
+                        if followlinks:
+                            walk_into = True
+                        else:
+                            try:
+                                is_symlink = entry.is_symlink()
+                            except OSError:
+                                # If is_symlink() raises an OSError, consider the
+                                # entry not to be a symbolic link, same behaviour
+                                # as os.path.islink().
+                                is_symlink = False
+                            walk_into = not is_symlink
+
+                        if walk_into:
+                            walk_dirs.append(entry.path)
         except OSError as error:
             if onerror is not None:
                 onerror(error)
             continue
 
-        cont = False
-        with scandir_it:
-            while True:
-                try:
-                    try:
-                        entry = next(scandir_it)
-                    except StopIteration:
-                        break
-                except OSError as error:
-                    if onerror is not None:
-                        onerror(error)
-                    cont = True
-                    break
-
-                try:
-                    if followlinks is _walk_symlinks_as_files:
-                        is_dir = entry.is_dir(follow_symlinks=False) and not entry.is_junction()
-                    else:
-                        is_dir = entry.is_dir()
-                except OSError:
-                    # If is_dir() raises an OSError, consider the entry not to
-                    # be a directory, same behaviour as os.path.isdir().
-                    is_dir = False
-
-                if is_dir:
-                    dirs.append(entry.name)
-                else:
-                    nondirs.append(entry.name)
-
-                if not topdown and is_dir:
-                    # Bottom-up: traverse into sub-directory, but exclude
-                    # symlinks to directories if followlinks is False
-                    if followlinks:
-                        walk_into = True
-                    else:
-                        try:
-                            is_symlink = entry.is_symlink()
-                        except OSError:
-                            # If is_symlink() raises an OSError, consider the
-                            # entry not to be a symbolic link, same behaviour
-                            # as os.path.islink().
-                            is_symlink = False
-                        walk_into = not is_symlink
-
-                    if walk_into:
-                        walk_dirs.append(entry.path)
-        if cont:
-            continue
-
         if topdown:
             # Yield before sub-directory traversal if going top down
             yield top, dirs, nondirs
@@ -773,7 +765,18 @@ def __ror__(self, other):
         new.update(self)
         return new
 
-def _createenviron():
+    if _exists("_create_environ"):
+        def refresh(self):
+            data = _create_environ()
+            if name == 'nt':
+                data = {self.encodekey(key): value
+                        for key, value in data.items()}
+
+            # modify in-place to keep os.environb in sync
+            self._data.clear()
+            self._data.update(data)
+
+def _create_environ_mapping():
     if name == 'nt':
         # Where Env Var Names Must Be UPPERCASE
         def check_str(value):
@@ -803,8 +806,8 @@ def decode(value):
         encode, decode)
 
 # unicode environ
-environ = _createenviron()
-del _createenviron
+environ = _create_environ_mapping()
+del _create_environ_mapping
 
 
 def getenv(key, default=None):
diff --git a/Lib/pathlib/__init__.py b/Lib/pathlib/__init__.py
index 4b3edf535a61aa..5da3acd31997e5 100644
--- a/Lib/pathlib/__init__.py
+++ b/Lib/pathlib/__init__.py
@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@
 operating systems.
 """
 
-from ._abc import *
-from ._local import *
+from pathlib._abc import *
+from pathlib._local import *
 
 __all__ = (_abc.__all__ +
            _local.__all__)
diff --git a/Lib/pathlib/_abc.py b/Lib/pathlib/_abc.py
index 1a74f457c3f5a7..11c8018b28f26b 100644
--- a/Lib/pathlib/_abc.py
+++ b/Lib/pathlib/_abc.py
@@ -12,25 +12,28 @@
 """
 
 import functools
+import operator
 import posixpath
-from glob import _Globber, _no_recurse_symlinks
+from errno import EINVAL, EXDEV
+from glob import _GlobberBase, _no_recurse_symlinks
 from stat import S_ISDIR, S_ISLNK, S_ISREG, S_ISSOCK, S_ISBLK, S_ISCHR, S_ISFIFO
+from pathlib._os import copyfileobj
 
 
 __all__ = ["UnsupportedOperation"]
 
 
+class UnsupportedOperation(NotImplementedError):
+    """An exception that is raised when an unsupported operation is attempted.
+    """
+    pass
+
+
 @functools.cache
 def _is_case_sensitive(parser):
     return parser.normcase('Aa') == 'Aa'
 
 
-class UnsupportedOperation(NotImplementedError):
-    """An exception that is raised when an unsupported operation is called on
-    a path object.
-    """
-    pass
-
 
 class ParserBase:
     """Base class for path parsers, which do low-level path manipulation.
@@ -70,7 +73,7 @@ def splitdrive(self, path):
 
     def splitext(self, path):
         """Split the path into a pair (root, ext), where *ext* is empty or
-        begins with a begins with a period and contains at most one period,
+        begins with a period and contains at most one period,
         and *root* is everything before the extension."""
         raise UnsupportedOperation(self._unsupported_msg('splitext()'))
 
@@ -84,6 +87,33 @@ def isabs(self, path):
         raise UnsupportedOperation(self._unsupported_msg('isabs()'))
 
 
+class PathGlobber(_GlobberBase):
+    """
+    Class providing shell-style globbing for path objects.
+    """
+
+    lexists = operator.methodcaller('exists', follow_symlinks=False)
+    add_slash = operator.methodcaller('joinpath', '')
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def scandir(path):
+        """Emulates os.scandir(), which returns an object that can be used as
+        a context manager. This method is called by walk() and glob().
+        """
+        import contextlib
+        return contextlib.nullcontext(path.iterdir())
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def concat_path(path, text):
+        """Appends text to the given path."""
+        return path.with_segments(path._raw_path + text)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def parse_entry(entry):
+        """Returns the path of an entry yielded from scandir()."""
+        return entry
+
+
 class PurePathBase:
     """Base class for pure path objects.
 
@@ -104,7 +134,7 @@ class PurePathBase:
         '_resolving',
     )
     parser = ParserBase()
-    _globber = _Globber
+    _globber = PathGlobber
 
     def __init__(self, path, *paths):
         self._raw_path = self.parser.join(path, *paths) if paths else path
@@ -535,6 +565,39 @@ def samefile(self, other_path):
         return (st.st_ino == other_st.st_ino and
                 st.st_dev == other_st.st_dev)
 
+    def _ensure_different_file(self, other_path):
+        """
+        Raise OSError(EINVAL) if both paths refer to the same file.
+        """
+        try:
+            if not self.samefile(other_path):
+                return
+        except (OSError, ValueError):
+            return
+        err = OSError(EINVAL, "Source and target are the same file")
+        err.filename = str(self)
+        err.filename2 = str(other_path)
+        raise err
+
+    def _ensure_distinct_path(self, other_path):
+        """
+        Raise OSError(EINVAL) if the other path is within this path.
+        """
+        # Note: there is no straightforward, foolproof algorithm to determine
+        # if one directory is within another (a particularly perverse example
+        # would be a single network share mounted in one location via NFS, and
+        # in another location via CIFS), so we simply checks whether the
+        # other path is lexically equal to, or within, this path.
+        if self == other_path:
+            err = OSError(EINVAL, "Source and target are the same path")
+        elif self in other_path.parents:
+            err = OSError(EINVAL, "Source path is a parent of target path")
+        else:
+            return
+        err.filename = str(self)
+        err.filename2 = str(other_path)
+        raise err
+
     def open(self, mode='r', buffering=-1, encoding=None,
              errors=None, newline=None):
         """
@@ -547,7 +610,7 @@ def read_bytes(self):
         """
         Open the file in bytes mode, read it, and close the file.
         """
-        with self.open(mode='rb') as f:
+        with self.open(mode='rb', buffering=0) as f:
             return f.read()
 
     def read_text(self, encoding=None, errors=None, newline=None):
@@ -732,6 +795,13 @@ def symlink_to(self, target, target_is_directory=False):
         """
         raise UnsupportedOperation(self._unsupported_msg('symlink_to()'))
 
+    def _symlink_to_target_of(self, link):
+        """
+        Make this path a symlink with the same target as the given link. This
+        is used by copy().
+        """
+        self.symlink_to(link.readlink())
+
     def hardlink_to(self, target):
         """
         Make this path a hard link pointing to the same file as *target*.
@@ -752,6 +822,92 @@ def mkdir(self, mode=0o777, parents=False, exist_ok=False):
         """
         raise UnsupportedOperation(self._unsupported_msg('mkdir()'))
 
+    # Metadata keys supported by this path type.
+    _readable_metadata = _writable_metadata = frozenset()
+
+    def _read_metadata(self, keys=None, *, follow_symlinks=True):
+        """
+        Returns path metadata as a dict with string keys.
+        """
+        raise UnsupportedOperation(self._unsupported_msg('_read_metadata()'))
+
+    def _write_metadata(self, metadata, *, follow_symlinks=True):
+        """
+        Sets path metadata from the given dict with string keys.
+        """
+        raise UnsupportedOperation(self._unsupported_msg('_write_metadata()'))
+
+    def _copy_metadata(self, target, *, follow_symlinks=True):
+        """
+        Copies metadata (permissions, timestamps, etc) from this path to target.
+        """
+        # Metadata types supported by both source and target.
+        keys = self._readable_metadata & target._writable_metadata
+        if keys:
+            metadata = self._read_metadata(keys, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks)
+            target._write_metadata(metadata, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks)
+
+    def _copy_file(self, target):
+        """
+        Copy the contents of this file to the given target.
+        """
+        self._ensure_different_file(target)
+        with self.open('rb') as source_f:
+            try:
+                with target.open('wb') as target_f:
+                    copyfileobj(source_f, target_f)
+            except IsADirectoryError as e:
+                if not target.exists():
+                    # Raise a less confusing exception.
+                    raise FileNotFoundError(
+                        f'Directory does not exist: {target}') from e
+                else:
+                    raise
+
+    def copy(self, target, *, follow_symlinks=True, dirs_exist_ok=False,
+             preserve_metadata=False):
+        """
+        Recursively copy this file or directory tree to the given destination.
+        """
+        if not isinstance(target, PathBase):
+            target = self.with_segments(target)
+        self._ensure_distinct_path(target)
+        stack = [(self, target)]
+        while stack:
+            src, dst = stack.pop()
+            if not follow_symlinks and src.is_symlink():
+                dst._symlink_to_target_of(src)
+                if preserve_metadata:
+                    src._copy_metadata(dst, follow_symlinks=False)
+            elif src.is_dir():
+                children = src.iterdir()
+                dst.mkdir(exist_ok=dirs_exist_ok)
+                stack.extend((child, dst.joinpath(child.name))
+                             for child in children)
+                if preserve_metadata:
+                    src._copy_metadata(dst)
+            else:
+                src._copy_file(dst)
+                if preserve_metadata:
+                    src._copy_metadata(dst)
+        return target
+
+    def copy_into(self, target_dir, *, follow_symlinks=True,
+                  dirs_exist_ok=False, preserve_metadata=False):
+        """
+        Copy this file or directory tree into the given existing directory.
+        """
+        name = self.name
+        if not name:
+            raise ValueError(f"{self!r} has an empty name")
+        elif isinstance(target_dir, PathBase):
+            target = target_dir / name
+        else:
+            target = self.with_segments(target_dir, name)
+        return self.copy(target, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks,
+                         dirs_exist_ok=dirs_exist_ok,
+                         preserve_metadata=preserve_metadata)
+
     def rename(self, target):
         """
         Rename this path to the target path.
@@ -776,6 +932,38 @@ def replace(self, target):
         """
         raise UnsupportedOperation(self._unsupported_msg('replace()'))
 
+    def move(self, target):
+        """
+        Recursively move this file or directory tree to the given destination.
+        """
+        self._ensure_different_file(target)
+        try:
+            return self.replace(target)
+        except UnsupportedOperation:
+            pass
+        except TypeError:
+            if not isinstance(target, PathBase):
+                raise
+        except OSError as err:
+            if err.errno != EXDEV:
+                raise
+        target = self.copy(target, follow_symlinks=False, preserve_metadata=True)
+        self._delete()
+        return target
+
+    def move_into(self, target_dir):
+        """
+        Move this file or directory tree into the given existing directory.
+        """
+        name = self.name
+        if not name:
+            raise ValueError(f"{self!r} has an empty name")
+        elif isinstance(target_dir, PathBase):
+            target = target_dir / name
+        else:
+            target = self.with_segments(target_dir, name)
+        return self.move(target)
+
     def chmod(self, mode, *, follow_symlinks=True):
         """
         Change the permissions of the path, like os.chmod().
@@ -802,6 +990,30 @@ def rmdir(self):
         """
         raise UnsupportedOperation(self._unsupported_msg('rmdir()'))
 
+    def _delete(self):
+        """
+        Delete this file or directory (including all sub-directories).
+        """
+        if self.is_symlink() or self.is_junction():
+            self.unlink()
+        elif self.is_dir():
+            self._rmtree()
+        else:
+            self.unlink()
+
+    def _rmtree(self):
+        def on_error(err):
+            raise err
+        results = self.walk(
+            on_error=on_error,
+            top_down=False,  # So we rmdir() empty directories.
+            follow_symlinks=False)
+        for dirpath, _, filenames in results:
+            for filename in filenames:
+                filepath = dirpath / filename
+                filepath.unlink()
+            dirpath.rmdir()
+
     def owner(self, *, follow_symlinks=True):
         """
         Return the login name of the file owner.
diff --git a/Lib/pathlib/_local.py b/Lib/pathlib/_local.py
index 473fd525768b50..a78997179820b1 100644
--- a/Lib/pathlib/_local.py
+++ b/Lib/pathlib/_local.py
@@ -17,7 +17,9 @@
 except ImportError:
     grp = None
 
-from ._abc import UnsupportedOperation, PurePathBase, PathBase
+from pathlib._os import (copyfile, file_metadata_keys, read_file_metadata,
+                         write_file_metadata)
+from pathlib._abc import UnsupportedOperation, PurePathBase, PathBase
 
 
 __all__ = [
@@ -117,9 +119,9 @@ def __init__(self, *args):
         paths = []
         for arg in args:
             if isinstance(arg, PurePath):
-                if arg.parser is ntpath and self.parser is posixpath:
+                if arg.parser is not self.parser:
                     # GH-103631: Convert separators for backwards compatibility.
-                    paths.extend(path.replace('\\', '/') for path in arg._raw_paths)
+                    paths.append(arg.as_posix())
                 else:
                     paths.extend(arg._raw_paths)
             else:
@@ -270,8 +272,7 @@ def _parse_path(cls, path):
             elif len(drv_parts) == 6:
                 # e.g. //?/unc/server/share
                 root = sep
-        parsed = [sys.intern(str(x)) for x in rel.split(sep) if x and x != '.']
-        return drv, root, parsed
+        return drv, root, [x for x in rel.split(sep) if x and x != '.']
 
     @property
     def _raw_path(self):
@@ -780,6 +781,24 @@ def mkdir(self, mode=0o777, parents=False, exist_ok=False):
             if not exist_ok or not self.is_dir():
                 raise
 
+    _readable_metadata = _writable_metadata = file_metadata_keys
+    _read_metadata = read_file_metadata
+    _write_metadata = write_file_metadata
+
+    if copyfile:
+        def _copy_file(self, target):
+            """
+            Copy the contents of this file to the given target.
+            """
+            try:
+                target = os.fspath(target)
+            except TypeError:
+                if not isinstance(target, PathBase):
+                    raise
+                PathBase._copy_file(self, target)
+            else:
+                copyfile(os.fspath(self), target)
+
     def chmod(self, mode, *, follow_symlinks=True):
         """
         Change the permissions of the path, like os.chmod().
@@ -803,6 +822,11 @@ def rmdir(self):
         """
         os.rmdir(self)
 
+    def _rmtree(self):
+        # Lazy import to improve module import time
+        import shutil
+        shutil.rmtree(self)
+
     def rename(self, target):
         """
         Rename this path to the target path.
@@ -837,6 +861,14 @@ def symlink_to(self, target, target_is_directory=False):
             """
             os.symlink(target, self, target_is_directory)
 
+    if os.name == 'nt':
+        def _symlink_to_target_of(self, link):
+            """
+            Make this path a symlink with the same target as the given link.
+            This is used by copy().
+            """
+            self.symlink_to(link.readlink(), link.is_dir())
+
     if hasattr(os, "link"):
         def hardlink_to(self, target):
             """
diff --git a/Lib/pathlib/_os.py b/Lib/pathlib/_os.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..642b3a57c59a1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/pathlib/_os.py
@@ -0,0 +1,262 @@
+"""
+Low-level OS functionality wrappers used by pathlib.
+"""
+
+from errno import *
+import os
+import stat
+import sys
+try:
+    import fcntl
+except ImportError:
+    fcntl = None
+try:
+    import posix
+except ImportError:
+    posix = None
+try:
+    import _winapi
+except ImportError:
+    _winapi = None
+
+
+def _get_copy_blocksize(infd):
+    """Determine blocksize for fastcopying on Linux.
+    Hopefully the whole file will be copied in a single call.
+    The copying itself should be performed in a loop 'till EOF is
+    reached (0 return) so a blocksize smaller or bigger than the actual
+    file size should not make any difference, also in case the file
+    content changes while being copied.
+    """
+    try:
+        blocksize = max(os.fstat(infd).st_size, 2 ** 23)  # min 8 MiB
+    except OSError:
+        blocksize = 2 ** 27  # 128 MiB
+    # On 32-bit architectures truncate to 1 GiB to avoid OverflowError,
+    # see gh-82500.
+    if sys.maxsize < 2 ** 32:
+        blocksize = min(blocksize, 2 ** 30)
+    return blocksize
+
+
+if fcntl and hasattr(fcntl, 'FICLONE'):
+    def _ficlone(source_fd, target_fd):
+        """
+        Perform a lightweight copy of two files, where the data blocks are
+        copied only when modified. This is known as Copy on Write (CoW),
+        instantaneous copy or reflink.
+        """
+        fcntl.ioctl(target_fd, fcntl.FICLONE, source_fd)
+else:
+    _ficlone = None
+
+
+if posix and hasattr(posix, '_fcopyfile'):
+    def _fcopyfile(source_fd, target_fd):
+        """
+        Copy a regular file content using high-performance fcopyfile(3)
+        syscall (macOS).
+        """
+        posix._fcopyfile(source_fd, target_fd, posix._COPYFILE_DATA)
+else:
+    _fcopyfile = None
+
+
+if hasattr(os, 'copy_file_range'):
+    def _copy_file_range(source_fd, target_fd):
+        """
+        Copy data from one regular mmap-like fd to another by using a
+        high-performance copy_file_range(2) syscall that gives filesystems
+        an opportunity to implement the use of reflinks or server-side
+        copy.
+        This should work on Linux >= 4.5 only.
+        """
+        blocksize = _get_copy_blocksize(source_fd)
+        offset = 0
+        while True:
+            sent = os.copy_file_range(source_fd, target_fd, blocksize,
+                                      offset_dst=offset)
+            if sent == 0:
+                break  # EOF
+            offset += sent
+else:
+    _copy_file_range = None
+
+
+if hasattr(os, 'sendfile'):
+    def _sendfile(source_fd, target_fd):
+        """Copy data from one regular mmap-like fd to another by using
+        high-performance sendfile(2) syscall.
+        This should work on Linux >= 2.6.33 only.
+        """
+        blocksize = _get_copy_blocksize(source_fd)
+        offset = 0
+        while True:
+            sent = os.sendfile(target_fd, source_fd, offset, blocksize)
+            if sent == 0:
+                break  # EOF
+            offset += sent
+else:
+    _sendfile = None
+
+
+if _winapi and hasattr(_winapi, 'CopyFile2'):
+    def copyfile(source, target):
+        """
+        Copy from one file to another using CopyFile2 (Windows only).
+        """
+        _winapi.CopyFile2(source, target, 0)
+else:
+    copyfile = None
+
+
+def copyfileobj(source_f, target_f):
+    """
+    Copy data from file-like object source_f to file-like object target_f.
+    """
+    try:
+        source_fd = source_f.fileno()
+        target_fd = target_f.fileno()
+    except Exception:
+        pass  # Fall through to generic code.
+    else:
+        try:
+            # Use OS copy-on-write where available.
+            if _ficlone:
+                try:
+                    _ficlone(source_fd, target_fd)
+                    return
+                except OSError as err:
+                    if err.errno not in (EBADF, EOPNOTSUPP, ETXTBSY, EXDEV):
+                        raise err
+
+            # Use OS copy where available.
+            if _fcopyfile:
+                try:
+                    _fcopyfile(source_fd, target_fd)
+                    return
+                except OSError as err:
+                    if err.errno not in (EINVAL, ENOTSUP):
+                        raise err
+            if _copy_file_range:
+                try:
+                    _copy_file_range(source_fd, target_fd)
+                    return
+                except OSError as err:
+                    if err.errno not in (ETXTBSY, EXDEV):
+                        raise err
+            if _sendfile:
+                try:
+                    _sendfile(source_fd, target_fd)
+                    return
+                except OSError as err:
+                    if err.errno != ENOTSOCK:
+                        raise err
+        except OSError as err:
+            # Produce more useful error messages.
+            err.filename = source_f.name
+            err.filename2 = target_f.name
+            raise err
+
+    # Last resort: copy with fileobj read() and write().
+    read_source = source_f.read
+    write_target = target_f.write
+    while buf := read_source(1024 * 1024):
+        write_target(buf)
+
+
+# Kinds of metadata supported by the operating system.
+file_metadata_keys = {'mode', 'times_ns'}
+if hasattr(os.stat_result, 'st_flags'):
+    file_metadata_keys.add('flags')
+if hasattr(os, 'listxattr'):
+    file_metadata_keys.add('xattrs')
+file_metadata_keys = frozenset(file_metadata_keys)
+
+
+def read_file_metadata(path, keys=None, *, follow_symlinks=True):
+    """
+    Returns local path metadata as a dict with string keys.
+    """
+    if keys is None:
+        keys = file_metadata_keys
+    assert keys.issubset(file_metadata_keys)
+    result = {}
+    for key in keys:
+        if key == 'xattrs':
+            try:
+                result['xattrs'] = [
+                    (attr, os.getxattr(path, attr, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks))
+                    for attr in os.listxattr(path, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks)]
+            except OSError as err:
+                if err.errno not in (EPERM, ENOTSUP, ENODATA, EINVAL, EACCES):
+                    raise
+            continue
+        st = os.stat(path, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks)
+        if key == 'mode':
+            result['mode'] = stat.S_IMODE(st.st_mode)
+        elif key == 'times_ns':
+            result['times_ns'] = st.st_atime_ns, st.st_mtime_ns
+        elif key == 'flags':
+            result['flags'] = st.st_flags
+    return result
+
+
+def write_file_metadata(path, metadata, *, follow_symlinks=True):
+    """
+    Sets local path metadata from the given dict with string keys.
+    """
+    assert frozenset(metadata.keys()).issubset(file_metadata_keys)
+
+    def _nop(*args, ns=None, follow_symlinks=None):
+        pass
+
+    if follow_symlinks:
+        # use the real function if it exists
+        def lookup(name):
+            return getattr(os, name, _nop)
+    else:
+        # use the real function only if it exists
+        # *and* it supports follow_symlinks
+        def lookup(name):
+            fn = getattr(os, name, _nop)
+            if fn in os.supports_follow_symlinks:
+                return fn
+            return _nop
+
+    times_ns = metadata.get('times_ns')
+    if times_ns is not None:
+        lookup("utime")(path, ns=times_ns, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks)
+    # We must copy extended attributes before the file is (potentially)
+    # chmod()'ed read-only, otherwise setxattr() will error with -EACCES.
+    xattrs = metadata.get('xattrs')
+    if xattrs is not None:
+        for attr, value in xattrs:
+            try:
+                os.setxattr(path, attr, value, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks)
+            except OSError as e:
+                if e.errno not in (EPERM, ENOTSUP, ENODATA, EINVAL, EACCES):
+                    raise
+    mode = metadata.get('mode')
+    if mode is not None:
+        try:
+            lookup("chmod")(path, mode, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks)
+        except NotImplementedError:
+            # if we got a NotImplementedError, it's because
+            #   * follow_symlinks=False,
+            #   * lchown() is unavailable, and
+            #   * either
+            #       * fchownat() is unavailable or
+            #       * fchownat() doesn't implement AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW.
+            #         (it returned ENOSUP.)
+            # therefore we're out of options--we simply cannot chown the
+            # symlink.  give up, suppress the error.
+            # (which is what shutil always did in this circumstance.)
+            pass
+    flags = metadata.get('flags')
+    if flags is not None:
+        try:
+            lookup("chflags")(path, flags, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks)
+        except OSError as why:
+            if why.errno not in (EOPNOTSUPP, ENOTSUP):
+                raise
diff --git a/Lib/pdb.py b/Lib/pdb.py
index ba84a29aa2f669..b7f6fd4323407e 100644
--- a/Lib/pdb.py
+++ b/Lib/pdb.py
@@ -82,6 +82,7 @@
 import inspect
 import textwrap
 import tokenize
+import itertools
 import traceback
 import linecache
 import _colorize
@@ -117,7 +118,7 @@ def find_first_executable_line(code):
     return code.co_firstlineno
 
 def find_function(funcname, filename):
-    cre = re.compile(r'def\s+%s\s*[(]' % re.escape(funcname))
+    cre = re.compile(r'def\s+%s(\s*\[.+\])?\s*[(]' % re.escape(funcname))
     try:
         fp = tokenize.open(filename)
     except OSError:
@@ -126,7 +127,7 @@ def find_function(funcname, filename):
             return None
         fp = io.StringIO(''.join(lines))
     funcdef = ""
-    funcstart = None
+    funcstart = 0
     # consumer of this info expects the first line to be 1
     with fp:
         for lineno, line in enumerate(fp, start=1):
@@ -137,9 +138,12 @@ def find_function(funcname, filename):
 
             if funcdef:
                 try:
-                    funccode = compile(funcdef, filename, 'exec').co_consts[0]
+                    code = compile(funcdef, filename, 'exec')
                 except SyntaxError:
                     continue
+                # We should always be able to find the code object here
+                funccode = next(c for c in code.co_consts if
+                                isinstance(c, CodeType) and c.co_name == funcname)
                 lineno_offset = find_first_executable_line(funccode)
                 return funcname, filename, funcstart + lineno_offset - 1
     return None
@@ -306,8 +310,10 @@ class Pdb(bdb.Bdb, cmd.Cmd):
 
     _file_mtime_table = {}
 
+    _last_pdb_instance = None
+
     def __init__(self, completekey='tab', stdin=None, stdout=None, skip=None,
-                 nosigint=False, readrc=True):
+                 nosigint=False, readrc=True, mode=None):
         bdb.Bdb.__init__(self, skip=skip)
         cmd.Cmd.__init__(self, completekey, stdin, stdout)
         sys.audit("pdb.Pdb")
@@ -319,6 +325,7 @@ def __init__(self, completekey='tab', stdin=None, stdout=None, skip=None,
         self.mainpyfile = ''
         self._wait_for_mainpyfile = False
         self.tb_lineno = {}
+        self.mode = mode
         # Try to load readline if it exists
         try:
             import readline
@@ -347,10 +354,6 @@ def __init__(self, completekey='tab', stdin=None, stdout=None, skip=None,
                 pass
 
         self.commands = {} # associates a command list to breakpoint numbers
-        self.commands_doprompt = {} # for each bp num, tells if the prompt
-                                    # must be disp. after execing the cmd list
-        self.commands_silent = {} # for each bp num, tells if the stack trace
-                                  # must be disp. after execing the cmd list
         self.commands_defining = False # True while in the process of defining
                                        # a command list
         self.commands_bnum = None # The breakpoint number for which we are
@@ -359,6 +362,16 @@ def __init__(self, completekey='tab', stdin=None, stdout=None, skip=None,
         self._chained_exceptions = tuple()
         self._chained_exception_index = 0
 
+    def set_trace(self, frame=None, *, commands=None):
+        Pdb._last_pdb_instance = self
+        if frame is None:
+            frame = sys._getframe().f_back
+
+        if commands is not None:
+            self.rcLines.extend(commands)
+
+        super().set_trace(frame)
+
     def sigint_handler(self, signum, frame):
         if self.allow_kbdint:
             raise KeyboardInterrupt
@@ -390,15 +403,10 @@ def setup(self, f, tb):
             self.tb_lineno[tb.tb_frame] = lineno
             tb = tb.tb_next
         self.curframe = self.stack[self.curindex][0]
-        # The f_locals dictionary used to be updated from the actual frame
-        # locals whenever the .f_locals accessor was called, so it was
-        # cached here to ensure that modifications were not overwritten. While
-        # the caching is no longer required now that f_locals is a direct proxy
-        # on optimized frames, it's also harmless, so the code structure has
-        # been left unchanged.
-        self.curframe_locals = self.curframe.f_locals
         self.set_convenience_variable(self.curframe, '_frame', self.curframe)
 
+        self._save_initial_file_mtime(self.curframe)
+
         if self._chained_exceptions:
             self.set_convenience_variable(
                 self.curframe,
@@ -427,12 +435,11 @@ def user_call(self, frame, argument_list):
     def user_line(self, frame):
         """This function is called when we stop or break at this line."""
         if self._wait_for_mainpyfile:
-            if (self.mainpyfile != self.canonic(frame.f_code.co_filename)
-                or frame.f_lineno <= 0):
+            if (self.mainpyfile != self.canonic(frame.f_code.co_filename)):
                 return
             self._wait_for_mainpyfile = False
-        if self.bp_commands(frame):
-            self.interaction(frame, None)
+        self.bp_commands(frame)
+        self.interaction(frame, None)
 
     user_opcode = user_line
 
@@ -447,18 +454,9 @@ def bp_commands(self, frame):
                self.currentbp in self.commands:
             currentbp = self.currentbp
             self.currentbp = 0
-            lastcmd_back = self.lastcmd
-            self.setup(frame, None)
             for line in self.commands[currentbp]:
-                self.onecmd(line)
-            self.lastcmd = lastcmd_back
-            if not self.commands_silent[currentbp]:
-                self.print_stack_entry(self.stack[self.curindex])
-            if self.commands_doprompt[currentbp]:
-                self._cmdloop()
-            self.forget()
-            return
-        return 1
+                self.cmdqueue.append(line)
+            self.cmdqueue.append(f'_pdbcmd_restore_lastcmd {self.lastcmd}')
 
     def user_return(self, frame, return_value):
         """This function is called when a return trap is set here."""
@@ -501,9 +499,21 @@ def _cmdloop(self):
             except KeyboardInterrupt:
                 self.message('--KeyboardInterrupt--')
 
+    def _save_initial_file_mtime(self, frame):
+        """save the mtime of the all the files in the frame stack in the file mtime table
+        if they haven't been saved yet."""
+        while frame:
+            filename = frame.f_code.co_filename
+            if filename not in self._file_mtime_table:
+                try:
+                    self._file_mtime_table[filename] = os.path.getmtime(filename)
+                except Exception:
+                    pass
+            frame = frame.f_back
+
     def _validate_file_mtime(self):
-        """Check if the source file of the current frame has been modified since
-        the last time we saw it. If so, give a warning."""
+        """Check if the source file of the current frame has been modified.
+        If so, give a warning and reset the modify time to current."""
         try:
             filename = self.curframe.f_code.co_filename
             mtime = os.path.getmtime(filename)
@@ -513,11 +523,11 @@ def _validate_file_mtime(self):
             mtime != self._file_mtime_table[filename]):
             self.message(f"*** WARNING: file '{filename}' was edited, "
                          "running stale code until the program is rerun")
-        self._file_mtime_table[filename] = mtime
+            self._file_mtime_table[filename] = mtime
 
     # Called before loop, handles display expressions
     # Set up convenience variable containers
-    def preloop(self):
+    def _show_display(self):
         displaying = self.displaying.get(self.curframe)
         if displaying:
             for expr, oldvalue in displaying.items():
@@ -603,10 +613,16 @@ def interaction(self, frame, tb_or_exc):
             assert tb is not None, "main exception must have a traceback"
         with self._hold_exceptions(_chained_exceptions):
             self.setup(frame, tb)
-            # if we have more commands to process, do not show the stack entry
-            if not self.cmdqueue:
-                self.print_stack_entry(self.stack[self.curindex])
+            # We should print the stack entry if and only if the user input
+            # is expected, and we should print it right before the user input.
+            # We achieve this by appending _pdbcmd_print_frame_status to the
+            # command queue. If cmdqueue is not exhausted, the user input is
+            # not expected and we will not print the stack entry.
+            self.cmdqueue.append('_pdbcmd_print_frame_status')
             self._cmdloop()
+            # If _pdbcmd_print_frame_status is not used, pop it out
+            if self.cmdqueue and self.cmdqueue[-1] == '_pdbcmd_print_frame_status':
+                self.cmdqueue.pop()
             self.forget()
 
     def displayhook(self, obj):
@@ -713,7 +729,7 @@ def _exec_in_closure(self, source, globals, locals):
 
     def default(self, line):
         if line[:1] == '!': line = line[1:].strip()
-        locals = self.curframe_locals
+        locals = self.curframe.f_locals
         globals = self.curframe.f_globals
         try:
             buffer = line
@@ -742,6 +758,7 @@ def default(self, line):
                             else:
                                 line = line.rstrip('\r\n')
                         buffer += '\n' + line
+                    self.lastcmd = buffer
             save_stdout = sys.stdout
             save_stdin = sys.stdin
             save_displayhook = sys.displayhook
@@ -766,7 +783,7 @@ def _replace_convenience_variables(self, line):
         if "$" not in line:
             return line
 
-        dollar_start = dollar_end = -1
+        dollar_start = dollar_end = (-1, -1)
         replace_variables = []
         try:
             for t in tokenize.generate_tokens(io.StringIO(line).readline):
@@ -837,7 +854,10 @@ def onecmd(self, line):
         a breakpoint command list definition.
         """
         if not self.commands_defining:
-            self._validate_file_mtime()
+            if line.startswith('_pdbcmd'):
+                command, arg, line = self.parseline(line)
+                if hasattr(self, command):
+                    return getattr(self, command)(arg)
             return cmd.Cmd.onecmd(self, line)
         else:
             return self.handle_command_def(line)
@@ -847,12 +867,15 @@ def handle_command_def(self, line):
         cmd, arg, line = self.parseline(line)
         if not cmd:
             return False
-        if cmd == 'silent':
-            self.commands_silent[self.commands_bnum] = True
-            return False  # continue to handle other cmd def in the cmd list
-        elif cmd == 'end':
+        if cmd == 'end':
+            return True  # end of cmd list
+        elif cmd == 'EOF':
+            print('')
             return True  # end of cmd list
         cmdlist = self.commands[self.commands_bnum]
+        if cmd == 'silent':
+            cmdlist.append('_pdbcmd_silence_frame_status')
+            return False  # continue to handle other cmd def in the cmd list
         if arg:
             cmdlist.append(cmd+' '+arg)
         else:
@@ -864,7 +887,6 @@ def handle_command_def(self, line):
             func = self.default
         # one of the resuming commands
         if func.__name__ in self.commands_resuming:
-            self.commands_doprompt[self.commands_bnum] = False
             return True
         return False
 
@@ -934,7 +956,7 @@ def _complete_expression(self, text, line, begidx, endidx):
         # Collect globals and locals.  It is usually not really sensible to also
         # complete builtins, and they clutter the namespace quite heavily, so we
         # leave them out.
-        ns = {**self.curframe.f_globals, **self.curframe_locals}
+        ns = {**self.curframe.f_globals, **self.curframe.f_locals}
         if text.startswith("$"):
             # Complete convenience variables
             conv_vars = self.curframe.f_globals.get('__pdb_convenience_variables', {})
@@ -965,12 +987,26 @@ def completedefault(self, text, line, begidx, endidx):
         # Use rlcompleter to do the completion
         state = 0
         matches = []
-        completer = Completer(self.curframe.f_globals | self.curframe_locals)
+        completer = Completer(self.curframe.f_globals | self.curframe.f_locals)
         while (match := completer.complete(text, state)) is not None:
             matches.append(match)
             state += 1
         return matches
 
+    # Pdb meta commands, only intended to be used internally by pdb
+
+    def _pdbcmd_print_frame_status(self, arg):
+        self.print_stack_trace(0)
+        self._validate_file_mtime()
+        self._show_display()
+
+    def _pdbcmd_silence_frame_status(self, arg):
+        if self.cmdqueue and self.cmdqueue[-1] == '_pdbcmd_print_frame_status':
+            self.cmdqueue.pop()
+
+    def _pdbcmd_restore_lastcmd(self, arg):
+        self.lastcmd = arg
+
     # Command definitions, called by cmdloop()
     # The argument is the remaining string on the command line
     # Return true to exit from the command loop
@@ -1029,14 +1065,10 @@ def do_commands(self, arg):
         self.commands_bnum = bnum
         # Save old definitions for the case of a keyboard interrupt.
         if bnum in self.commands:
-            old_command_defs = (self.commands[bnum],
-                                self.commands_doprompt[bnum],
-                                self.commands_silent[bnum])
+            old_commands = self.commands[bnum]
         else:
-            old_command_defs = None
+            old_commands = None
         self.commands[bnum] = []
-        self.commands_doprompt[bnum] = True
-        self.commands_silent[bnum] = False
 
         prompt_back = self.prompt
         self.prompt = '(com) '
@@ -1045,14 +1077,10 @@ def do_commands(self, arg):
             self.cmdloop()
         except KeyboardInterrupt:
             # Restore old definitions.
-            if old_command_defs:
-                self.commands[bnum] = old_command_defs[0]
-                self.commands_doprompt[bnum] = old_command_defs[1]
-                self.commands_silent[bnum] = old_command_defs[2]
+            if old_commands:
+                self.commands[bnum] = old_commands
             else:
                 del self.commands[bnum]
-                del self.commands_doprompt[bnum]
-                del self.commands_silent[bnum]
             self.error('command definition aborted, old commands restored')
         finally:
             self.commands_defining = False
@@ -1060,7 +1088,7 @@ def do_commands(self, arg):
 
     complete_commands = _complete_bpnumber
 
-    def do_break(self, arg, temporary = 0):
+    def do_break(self, arg, temporary=False):
         """b(reak) [ ([filename:]lineno | function) [, condition] ]
 
         Without argument, list all breaks.
@@ -1121,7 +1149,7 @@ def do_break(self, arg, temporary = 0):
                 try:
                     func = eval(arg,
                                 self.curframe.f_globals,
-                                self.curframe_locals)
+                                self.curframe.f_locals)
                 except:
                     func = arg
                 try:
@@ -1175,7 +1203,7 @@ def do_tbreak(self, arg):
         Same arguments as break, but sets a temporary breakpoint: it
         is automatically deleted when first hit.
         """
-        self.do_break(arg, 1)
+        self.do_break(arg, True)
 
     complete_tbreak = _complete_location
 
@@ -1401,16 +1429,24 @@ def do_clear(self, arg):
     complete_cl = _complete_location
 
     def do_where(self, arg):
-        """w(here)
+        """w(here) [count]
 
-        Print a stack trace, with the most recent frame at the bottom.
+        Print a stack trace. If count is not specified, print the full stack.
+        If count is 0, print the current frame entry. If count is positive,
+        print count entries from the most recent frame. If count is negative,
+        print -count entries from the least recent frame.
         An arrow indicates the "current frame", which determines the
         context of most commands.  'bt' is an alias for this command.
         """
-        if arg:
-            self._print_invalid_arg(arg)
-            return
-        self.print_stack_trace()
+        if not arg:
+            count = None
+        else:
+            try:
+                count = int(arg)
+            except ValueError:
+                self.error('Invalid count (%s)' % arg)
+                return
+        self.print_stack_trace(count)
     do_w = do_where
     do_bt = do_where
 
@@ -1418,7 +1454,6 @@ def _select_frame(self, number):
         assert 0 <= number < len(self.stack)
         self.curindex = number
         self.curframe = self.stack[self.curindex][0]
-        self.curframe_locals = self.curframe.f_locals
         self.set_convenience_variable(self.curframe, '_frame', self.curframe)
         self.print_stack_entry(self.stack[self.curindex])
         self.lineno = None
@@ -1572,6 +1607,11 @@ def do_run(self, arg):
         sys.argv.  History, breakpoints, actions and debugger options
         are preserved.  "restart" is an alias for "run".
         """
+        if self.mode == 'inline':
+            self.error('run/restart command is disabled when pdb is running in inline mode.\n'
+                       'Use the command line interface to enable restarting your program\n'
+                       'e.g. "python -m pdb myscript.py"')
+            return
         if arg:
             import shlex
             argv0 = sys.argv[0:1]
@@ -1659,7 +1699,7 @@ def do_debug(self, arg):
         """
         sys.settrace(None)
         globals = self.curframe.f_globals
-        locals = self.curframe_locals
+        locals = self.curframe.f_locals
         p = Pdb(self.completekey, self.stdin, self.stdout)
         p.prompt = "(%s) " % self.prompt.strip()
         self.message("ENTERING RECURSIVE DEBUGGER")
@@ -1704,7 +1744,7 @@ def do_args(self, arg):
             self._print_invalid_arg(arg)
             return
         co = self.curframe.f_code
-        dict = self.curframe_locals
+        dict = self.curframe.f_locals
         n = co.co_argcount + co.co_kwonlyargcount
         if co.co_flags & inspect.CO_VARARGS: n = n+1
         if co.co_flags & inspect.CO_VARKEYWORDS: n = n+1
@@ -1724,15 +1764,15 @@ def do_retval(self, arg):
         if arg:
             self._print_invalid_arg(arg)
             return
-        if '__return__' in self.curframe_locals:
-            self.message(self._safe_repr(self.curframe_locals['__return__'], "retval"))
+        if '__return__' in self.curframe.f_locals:
+            self.message(self._safe_repr(self.curframe.f_locals['__return__'], "retval"))
         else:
             self.error('Not yet returned!')
     do_rv = do_retval
 
     def _getval(self, arg):
         try:
-            return eval(arg, self.curframe.f_globals, self.curframe_locals)
+            return eval(arg, self.curframe.f_globals, self.curframe.f_locals)
         except:
             self._error_exc()
             raise
@@ -1740,7 +1780,7 @@ def _getval(self, arg):
     def _getval_except(self, arg, frame=None):
         try:
             if frame is None:
-                return eval(arg, self.curframe.f_globals, self.curframe_locals)
+                return eval(arg, self.curframe.f_globals, self.curframe.f_locals)
             else:
                 return eval(arg, frame.f_globals, frame.f_locals)
         except BaseException as exc:
@@ -1839,6 +1879,7 @@ def do_list(self, arg):
                 self.message('[EOF]')
         except KeyboardInterrupt:
             pass
+        self._validate_file_mtime()
     do_l = do_list
 
     def do_longlist(self, arg):
@@ -1857,6 +1898,7 @@ def do_longlist(self, arg):
             self.error(err)
             return
         self._print_lines(lines, lineno, breaklist, self.curframe)
+        self._validate_file_mtime()
     do_ll = do_longlist
 
     def do_source(self, arg):
@@ -1984,7 +2026,7 @@ def do_interact(self, arg):
         Start an interactive interpreter whose global namespace
         contains all the (global and local) names found in the current scope.
         """
-        ns = {**self.curframe.f_globals, **self.curframe_locals}
+        ns = {**self.curframe.f_globals, **self.curframe.f_locals}
         console = _PdbInteractiveConsole(ns, message=self.message)
         console.interact(banner="*pdb interact start*",
                          exitmsg="*exit from pdb interact command*")
@@ -2056,7 +2098,7 @@ def complete_unalias(self, text, line, begidx, endidx):
 
     # List of all the commands making the program resume execution.
     commands_resuming = ['do_continue', 'do_step', 'do_next', 'do_return',
-                         'do_quit', 'do_jump']
+                         'do_until', 'do_quit', 'do_jump']
 
     # Print a traceback starting at the top stack frame.
     # The most recently entered frame is printed last;
@@ -2065,10 +2107,22 @@ def complete_unalias(self, text, line, begidx, endidx):
     # It is also consistent with the up/down commands (which are
     # compatible with dbx and gdb: up moves towards 'main()'
     # and down moves towards the most recent stack frame).
-
-    def print_stack_trace(self):
+    #     * if count is None, prints the full stack
+    #     * if count = 0, prints the current frame entry
+    #     * if count < 0, prints -count least recent frame entries
+    #     * if count > 0, prints count most recent frame entries
+
+    def print_stack_trace(self, count=None):
+        if count is None:
+            stack_to_print = self.stack
+        elif count == 0:
+            stack_to_print = [self.stack[self.curindex]]
+        elif count < 0:
+            stack_to_print = self.stack[:-count]
+        else:
+            stack_to_print = self.stack[-count:]
         try:
-            for frame_lineno in self.stack:
+            for frame_lineno in stack_to_print:
                 self.print_stack_entry(frame_lineno)
         except KeyboardInterrupt:
             pass
@@ -2303,18 +2357,22 @@ def runcall(*args, **kwds):
     """
     return Pdb().runcall(*args, **kwds)
 
-def set_trace(*, header=None):
+def set_trace(*, header=None, commands=None):
     """Enter the debugger at the calling stack frame.
 
     This is useful to hard-code a breakpoint at a given point in a
     program, even if the code is not otherwise being debugged (e.g. when
     an assertion fails). If given, *header* is printed to the console
-    just before debugging begins.
+    just before debugging begins. *commands* is an optional list of
+    pdb commands to run when the debugger starts.
     """
-    pdb = Pdb()
+    if Pdb._last_pdb_instance is not None:
+        pdb = Pdb._last_pdb_instance
+    else:
+        pdb = Pdb(mode='inline')
     if header is not None:
         pdb.message(header)
-    pdb.set_trace(sys._getframe().f_back)
+    pdb.set_trace(sys._getframe().f_back, commands=commands)
 
 # Post-Mortem interface
 
@@ -2385,8 +2443,7 @@ def help():
 def main():
     import argparse
 
-    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog="pdb",
-                                     usage="%(prog)s [-h] [-c command] (-m module | pyfile) [args ...]",
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(usage="%(prog)s [-h] [-c command] (-m module | pyfile) [args ...]",
                                      description=_usage,
                                      formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter,
                                      allow_abbrev=False)
@@ -2397,8 +2454,6 @@ def main():
     parser.add_argument('-c', '--command', action='append', default=[], metavar='command', dest='commands',
                         help='pdb commands to execute as if given in a .pdbrc file')
     parser.add_argument('-m', metavar='module', dest='module')
-    parser.add_argument('args', nargs='*',
-                        help="when -m is not specified, the first arg is the script to debug")
 
     if len(sys.argv) == 1:
         # If no arguments were given (python -m pdb), print the whole help message.
@@ -2406,27 +2461,46 @@ def main():
         parser.print_help()
         sys.exit(2)
 
-    opts = parser.parse_args()
+    opts, args = parser.parse_known_args()
+
+    if opts.module:
+        # If a module is being debugged, we consider the arguments after "-m module" to
+        # be potential arguments to the module itself. We need to parse the arguments
+        # before "-m" to check if there is any invalid argument.
+        # e.g. "python -m pdb -m foo --spam" means passing "--spam" to "foo"
+        #      "python -m pdb --spam -m foo" means passing "--spam" to "pdb" and is invalid
+        idx = sys.argv.index('-m')
+        args_to_pdb = sys.argv[1:idx]
+        # This will raise an error if there are invalid arguments
+        parser.parse_args(args_to_pdb)
+    else:
+        # If a script is being debugged, then pdb expects the script name as the first argument.
+        # Anything before the script is considered an argument to pdb itself, which would
+        # be invalid because it's not parsed by argparse.
+        invalid_args = list(itertools.takewhile(lambda a: a.startswith('-'), args))
+        if invalid_args:
+            parser.error(f"unrecognized arguments: {' '.join(invalid_args)}")
+            sys.exit(2)
 
     if opts.module:
         file = opts.module
         target = _ModuleTarget(file)
     else:
-        if not opts.args:
+        if not args:
             parser.error("no module or script to run")
-        file = opts.args.pop(0)
+        file = args.pop(0)
         if file.endswith('.pyz'):
             target = _ZipTarget(file)
         else:
             target = _ScriptTarget(file)
 
-    sys.argv[:] = [file] + opts.args  # Hide "pdb.py" and pdb options from argument list
+    sys.argv[:] = [file] + args  # Hide "pdb.py" and pdb options from argument list
 
     # Note on saving/restoring sys.argv: it's a good idea when sys.argv was
     # modified by the script being debugged. It's a bad idea when it was
     # changed by the user from the command line. There is a "restart" command
     # which allows explicit specification of command line arguments.
-    pdb = Pdb()
+    pdb = Pdb(mode='cli')
     pdb.rcLines.extend(opts.commands)
     while True:
         try:
@@ -2442,9 +2516,12 @@ def main():
             traceback.print_exception(e, colorize=_colorize.can_colorize())
             print("Uncaught exception. Entering post mortem debugging")
             print("Running 'cont' or 'step' will restart the program")
-            pdb.interaction(None, e)
-            print(f"Post mortem debugger finished. The {target} will "
-                  "be restarted")
+            try:
+                pdb.interaction(None, e)
+            except Restart:
+                print("Restarting", target, "with arguments:")
+                print("\t" + " ".join(sys.argv[1:]))
+                continue
         if pdb._user_requested_quit:
             break
         print("The program finished and will be restarted")
diff --git a/Lib/pickle.py b/Lib/pickle.py
index 33c97c8c5efb28..ed8138beb908ee 100644
--- a/Lib/pickle.py
+++ b/Lib/pickle.py
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@
 bytes_types = (bytes, bytearray)
 
 # These are purely informational; no code uses these.
-format_version = "4.0"                  # File format version we write
+format_version = "5.0"                  # File format version we write
 compatible_formats = ["1.0",            # Original protocol 0
                       "1.1",            # Protocol 0 with INST added
                       "1.2",            # Original protocol 1
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@
 # The protocol we write by default.  May be less than HIGHEST_PROTOCOL.
 # Only bump this if the oldest still supported version of Python already
 # includes it.
-DEFAULT_PROTOCOL = 4
+DEFAULT_PROTOCOL = 5
 
 class PickleError(Exception):
     """A common base class for the other pickling exceptions."""
@@ -313,37 +313,46 @@ def load_frame(self, frame_size):
 
 # Tools used for pickling.
 
-def _getattribute(obj, name):
-    for subpath in name.split('.'):
-        if subpath == '<locals>':
-            raise AttributeError("Can't get local attribute {!r} on {!r}"
-                                 .format(name, obj))
-        try:
-            parent = obj
-            obj = getattr(obj, subpath)
-        except AttributeError:
-            raise AttributeError("Can't get attribute {!r} on {!r}"
-                                 .format(name, obj)) from None
-    return obj, parent
+def _getattribute(obj, dotted_path):
+    for subpath in dotted_path:
+        obj = getattr(obj, subpath)
+    return obj
 
 def whichmodule(obj, name):
     """Find the module an object belong to."""
+    dotted_path = name.split('.')
     module_name = getattr(obj, '__module__', None)
-    if module_name is not None:
-        return module_name
-    # Protect the iteration by using a list copy of sys.modules against dynamic
-    # modules that trigger imports of other modules upon calls to getattr.
-    for module_name, module in sys.modules.copy().items():
-        if (module_name == '__main__'
-            or module_name == '__mp_main__'  # bpo-42406
-            or module is None):
-            continue
-        try:
-            if _getattribute(module, name)[0] is obj:
-                return module_name
-        except AttributeError:
-            pass
-    return '__main__'
+    if '<locals>' in dotted_path:
+        raise PicklingError(f"Can't pickle local object {obj!r}")
+    if module_name is None:
+        # Protect the iteration by using a list copy of sys.modules against dynamic
+        # modules that trigger imports of other modules upon calls to getattr.
+        for module_name, module in sys.modules.copy().items():
+            if (module_name == '__main__'
+                or module_name == '__mp_main__'  # bpo-42406
+                or module is None):
+                continue
+            try:
+                if _getattribute(module, dotted_path) is obj:
+                    return module_name
+            except AttributeError:
+                pass
+        module_name = '__main__'
+
+    try:
+        __import__(module_name, level=0)
+        module = sys.modules[module_name]
+    except (ImportError, ValueError, KeyError) as exc:
+        raise PicklingError(f"Can't pickle {obj!r}: {exc!s}")
+    try:
+        if _getattribute(module, dotted_path) is obj:
+            return module_name
+    except AttributeError:
+        raise PicklingError(f"Can't pickle {obj!r}: "
+                            f"it's not found as {module_name}.{name}")
+
+    raise PicklingError(
+        f"Can't pickle {obj!r}: it's not the same object as {module_name}.{name}")
 
 def encode_long(x):
     r"""Encode a long to a two's complement little-endian binary string.
@@ -395,6 +404,13 @@ def decode_long(data):
     """
     return int.from_bytes(data, byteorder='little', signed=True)
 
+def _T(obj):
+    cls = type(obj)
+    module = cls.__module__
+    if module in (None, 'builtins', '__main__'):
+        return cls.__qualname__
+    return f'{module}.{cls.__qualname__}'
+
 
 _NoValue = object()
 
@@ -408,7 +424,7 @@ def __init__(self, file, protocol=None, *, fix_imports=True,
 
         The optional *protocol* argument tells the pickler to use the
         given protocol; supported protocols are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5.
-        The default protocol is 4. It was introduced in Python 3.4, and
+        The default protocol is 5. It was introduced in Python 3.8, and
         is incompatible with previous versions.
 
         Specifying a negative protocol version selects the highest
@@ -577,26 +593,29 @@ def save(self, obj, save_persistent_id=True):
                     if reduce is not _NoValue:
                         rv = reduce()
                     else:
-                        raise PicklingError("Can't pickle %r object: %r" %
-                                            (t.__name__, obj))
+                        raise PicklingError(f"Can't pickle {_T(t)} object")
 
         # Check for string returned by reduce(), meaning "save as global"
         if isinstance(rv, str):
             self.save_global(obj, rv)
             return
 
-        # Assert that reduce() returned a tuple
-        if not isinstance(rv, tuple):
-            raise PicklingError("%s must return string or tuple" % reduce)
-
-        # Assert that it returned an appropriately sized tuple
-        l = len(rv)
-        if not (2 <= l <= 6):
-            raise PicklingError("Tuple returned by %s must have "
-                                "two to six elements" % reduce)
-
-        # Save the reduce() output and finally memoize the object
-        self.save_reduce(obj=obj, *rv)
+        try:
+            # Assert that reduce() returned a tuple
+            if not isinstance(rv, tuple):
+                raise PicklingError(f'__reduce__ must return a string or tuple, not {_T(rv)}')
+
+            # Assert that it returned an appropriately sized tuple
+            l = len(rv)
+            if not (2 <= l <= 6):
+                raise PicklingError("tuple returned by __reduce__ "
+                                    "must contain 2 through 6 elements")
+
+            # Save the reduce() output and finally memoize the object
+            self.save_reduce(obj=obj, *rv)
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            exc.add_note(f'when serializing {_T(obj)} object')
+            raise
 
     def persistent_id(self, obj):
         # This exists so a subclass can override it
@@ -618,10 +637,12 @@ def save_reduce(self, func, args, state=None, listitems=None,
                     dictitems=None, state_setter=None, *, obj=None):
         # This API is called by some subclasses
 
-        if not isinstance(args, tuple):
-            raise PicklingError("args from save_reduce() must be a tuple")
         if not callable(func):
-            raise PicklingError("func from save_reduce() must be callable")
+            raise PicklingError(f"first item of the tuple returned by __reduce__ "
+                                f"must be callable, not {_T(func)}")
+        if not isinstance(args, tuple):
+            raise PicklingError(f"second item of the tuple returned by __reduce__ "
+                                f"must be a tuple, not {_T(args)}")
 
         save = self.save
         write = self.write
@@ -630,19 +651,30 @@ def save_reduce(self, func, args, state=None, listitems=None,
         if self.proto >= 2 and func_name == "__newobj_ex__":
             cls, args, kwargs = args
             if not hasattr(cls, "__new__"):
-                raise PicklingError("args[0] from {} args has no __new__"
-                                    .format(func_name))
+                raise PicklingError("first argument to __newobj_ex__() has no __new__")
             if obj is not None and cls is not obj.__class__:
-                raise PicklingError("args[0] from {} args has the wrong class"
-                                    .format(func_name))
+                raise PicklingError(f"first argument to __newobj_ex__() "
+                                    f"must be {obj.__class__!r}, not {cls!r}")
             if self.proto >= 4:
-                save(cls)
-                save(args)
-                save(kwargs)
+                try:
+                    save(cls)
+                except BaseException as exc:
+                    exc.add_note(f'when serializing {_T(obj)} class')
+                    raise
+                try:
+                    save(args)
+                    save(kwargs)
+                except BaseException as exc:
+                    exc.add_note(f'when serializing {_T(obj)} __new__ arguments')
+                    raise
                 write(NEWOBJ_EX)
             else:
                 func = partial(cls.__new__, cls, *args, **kwargs)
-                save(func)
+                try:
+                    save(func)
+                except BaseException as exc:
+                    exc.add_note(f'when serializing {_T(obj)} reconstructor')
+                    raise
                 save(())
                 write(REDUCE)
         elif self.proto >= 2 and func_name == "__newobj__":
@@ -674,18 +706,33 @@ def save_reduce(self, func, args, state=None, listitems=None,
             # Python 2.2).
             cls = args[0]
             if not hasattr(cls, "__new__"):
-                raise PicklingError(
-                    "args[0] from __newobj__ args has no __new__")
+                raise PicklingError("first argument to __newobj__() has no __new__")
             if obj is not None and cls is not obj.__class__:
-                raise PicklingError(
-                    "args[0] from __newobj__ args has the wrong class")
+                raise PicklingError(f"first argument to __newobj__() "
+                                    f"must be {obj.__class__!r}, not {cls!r}")
             args = args[1:]
-            save(cls)
-            save(args)
+            try:
+                save(cls)
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                exc.add_note(f'when serializing {_T(obj)} class')
+                raise
+            try:
+                save(args)
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                exc.add_note(f'when serializing {_T(obj)} __new__ arguments')
+                raise
             write(NEWOBJ)
         else:
-            save(func)
-            save(args)
+            try:
+                save(func)
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                exc.add_note(f'when serializing {_T(obj)} reconstructor')
+                raise
+            try:
+                save(args)
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                exc.add_note(f'when serializing {_T(obj)} reconstructor arguments')
+                raise
             write(REDUCE)
 
         if obj is not None:
@@ -703,23 +750,35 @@ def save_reduce(self, func, args, state=None, listitems=None,
         # items and dict items (as (key, value) tuples), or None.
 
         if listitems is not None:
-            self._batch_appends(listitems)
+            self._batch_appends(listitems, obj)
 
         if dictitems is not None:
-            self._batch_setitems(dictitems)
+            self._batch_setitems(dictitems, obj)
 
         if state is not None:
             if state_setter is None:
-                save(state)
+                try:
+                    save(state)
+                except BaseException as exc:
+                    exc.add_note(f'when serializing {_T(obj)} state')
+                    raise
                 write(BUILD)
             else:
                 # If a state_setter is specified, call it instead of load_build
                 # to update obj's with its previous state.
                 # First, push state_setter and its tuple of expected arguments
                 # (obj, state) onto the stack.
-                save(state_setter)
+                try:
+                    save(state_setter)
+                except BaseException as exc:
+                    exc.add_note(f'when serializing {_T(obj)} state setter')
+                    raise
                 save(obj)  # simple BINGET opcode as obj is already memoized.
-                save(state)
+                try:
+                    save(state)
+                except BaseException as exc:
+                    exc.add_note(f'when serializing {_T(obj)} state')
+                    raise
                 write(TUPLE2)
                 # Trigger a state_setter(obj, state) function call.
                 write(REDUCE)
@@ -782,14 +841,10 @@ def save_float(self, obj):
             self.write(FLOAT + repr(obj).encode("ascii") + b'\n')
     dispatch[float] = save_float
 
-    def save_bytes(self, obj):
-        if self.proto < 3:
-            if not obj: # bytes object is empty
-                self.save_reduce(bytes, (), obj=obj)
-            else:
-                self.save_reduce(codecs.encode,
-                                 (str(obj, 'latin1'), 'latin1'), obj=obj)
-            return
+    def _save_bytes_no_memo(self, obj):
+        # helper for writing bytes objects for protocol >= 3
+        # without memoizing them
+        assert self.proto >= 3
         n = len(obj)
         if n <= 0xff:
             self.write(SHORT_BINBYTES + pack("<B", n) + obj)
@@ -799,9 +854,29 @@ def save_bytes(self, obj):
             self._write_large_bytes(BINBYTES + pack("<I", n), obj)
         else:
             self.write(BINBYTES + pack("<I", n) + obj)
+
+    def save_bytes(self, obj):
+        if self.proto < 3:
+            if not obj: # bytes object is empty
+                self.save_reduce(bytes, (), obj=obj)
+            else:
+                self.save_reduce(codecs.encode,
+                                 (str(obj, 'latin1'), 'latin1'), obj=obj)
+            return
+        self._save_bytes_no_memo(obj)
         self.memoize(obj)
     dispatch[bytes] = save_bytes
 
+    def _save_bytearray_no_memo(self, obj):
+        # helper for writing bytearray objects for protocol >= 5
+        # without memoizing them
+        assert self.proto >= 5
+        n = len(obj)
+        if n >= self.framer._FRAME_SIZE_TARGET:
+            self._write_large_bytes(BYTEARRAY8 + pack("<Q", n), obj)
+        else:
+            self.write(BYTEARRAY8 + pack("<Q", n) + obj)
+
     def save_bytearray(self, obj):
         if self.proto < 5:
             if not obj:  # bytearray is empty
@@ -809,18 +884,14 @@ def save_bytearray(self, obj):
             else:
                 self.save_reduce(bytearray, (bytes(obj),), obj=obj)
             return
-        n = len(obj)
-        if n >= self.framer._FRAME_SIZE_TARGET:
-            self._write_large_bytes(BYTEARRAY8 + pack("<Q", n), obj)
-        else:
-            self.write(BYTEARRAY8 + pack("<Q", n) + obj)
+        self._save_bytearray_no_memo(obj)
         self.memoize(obj)
     dispatch[bytearray] = save_bytearray
 
     if _HAVE_PICKLE_BUFFER:
         def save_picklebuffer(self, obj):
             if self.proto < 5:
-                raise PicklingError("PickleBuffer can only pickled with "
+                raise PicklingError("PickleBuffer can only be pickled with "
                                     "protocol >= 5")
             with obj.raw() as m:
                 if not m.contiguous:
@@ -832,10 +903,18 @@ def save_picklebuffer(self, obj):
                 if in_band:
                     # Write data in-band
                     # XXX The C implementation avoids a copy here
+                    buf = m.tobytes()
+                    in_memo = id(buf) in self.memo
                     if m.readonly:
-                        self.save_bytes(m.tobytes())
+                        if in_memo:
+                            self._save_bytes_no_memo(buf)
+                        else:
+                            self.save_bytes(buf)
                     else:
-                        self.save_bytearray(m.tobytes())
+                        if in_memo:
+                            self._save_bytearray_no_memo(buf)
+                        else:
+                            self.save_bytearray(buf)
                 else:
                     # Write data out-of-band
                     self.write(NEXT_BUFFER)
@@ -879,8 +958,12 @@ def save_tuple(self, obj):
         save = self.save
         memo = self.memo
         if n <= 3 and self.proto >= 2:
-            for element in obj:
-                save(element)
+            for i, element in enumerate(obj):
+                try:
+                    save(element)
+                except BaseException as exc:
+                    exc.add_note(f'when serializing {_T(obj)} item {i}')
+                    raise
             # Subtle.  Same as in the big comment below.
             if id(obj) in memo:
                 get = self.get(memo[id(obj)][0])
@@ -894,8 +977,12 @@ def save_tuple(self, obj):
         # has more than 3 elements.
         write = self.write
         write(MARK)
-        for element in obj:
-            save(element)
+        for i, element in enumerate(obj):
+            try:
+                save(element)
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                exc.add_note(f'when serializing {_T(obj)} item {i}')
+                raise
 
         if id(obj) in memo:
             # Subtle.  d was not in memo when we entered save_tuple(), so
@@ -925,38 +1012,52 @@ def save_list(self, obj):
             self.write(MARK + LIST)
 
         self.memoize(obj)
-        self._batch_appends(obj)
+        self._batch_appends(obj, obj)
 
     dispatch[list] = save_list
 
     _BATCHSIZE = 1000
 
-    def _batch_appends(self, items):
+    def _batch_appends(self, items, obj):
         # Helper to batch up APPENDS sequences
         save = self.save
         write = self.write
 
         if not self.bin:
-            for x in items:
-                save(x)
+            for i, x in enumerate(items):
+                try:
+                    save(x)
+                except BaseException as exc:
+                    exc.add_note(f'when serializing {_T(obj)} item {i}')
+                    raise
                 write(APPEND)
             return
 
         it = iter(items)
+        start = 0
         while True:
             tmp = list(islice(it, self._BATCHSIZE))
             n = len(tmp)
             if n > 1:
                 write(MARK)
-                for x in tmp:
-                    save(x)
+                for i, x in enumerate(tmp, start):
+                    try:
+                        save(x)
+                    except BaseException as exc:
+                        exc.add_note(f'when serializing {_T(obj)} item {i}')
+                        raise
                 write(APPENDS)
             elif n:
-                save(tmp[0])
+                try:
+                    save(tmp[0])
+                except BaseException as exc:
+                    exc.add_note(f'when serializing {_T(obj)} item {start}')
+                    raise
                 write(APPEND)
             # else tmp is empty, and we're done
             if n < self._BATCHSIZE:
                 return
+            start += n
 
     def save_dict(self, obj):
         if self.bin:
@@ -965,11 +1066,11 @@ def save_dict(self, obj):
             self.write(MARK + DICT)
 
         self.memoize(obj)
-        self._batch_setitems(obj.items())
+        self._batch_setitems(obj.items(), obj)
 
     dispatch[dict] = save_dict
 
-    def _batch_setitems(self, items):
+    def _batch_setitems(self, items, obj):
         # Helper to batch up SETITEMS sequences; proto >= 1 only
         save = self.save
         write = self.write
@@ -977,7 +1078,11 @@ def _batch_setitems(self, items):
         if not self.bin:
             for k, v in items:
                 save(k)
-                save(v)
+                try:
+                    save(v)
+                except BaseException as exc:
+                    exc.add_note(f'when serializing {_T(obj)} item {k!r}')
+                    raise
                 write(SETITEM)
             return
 
@@ -989,12 +1094,20 @@ def _batch_setitems(self, items):
                 write(MARK)
                 for k, v in tmp:
                     save(k)
-                    save(v)
+                    try:
+                        save(v)
+                    except BaseException as exc:
+                        exc.add_note(f'when serializing {_T(obj)} item {k!r}')
+                        raise
                 write(SETITEMS)
             elif n:
                 k, v = tmp[0]
                 save(k)
-                save(v)
+                try:
+                    save(v)
+                except BaseException as exc:
+                    exc.add_note(f'when serializing {_T(obj)} item {k!r}')
+                    raise
                 write(SETITEM)
             # else tmp is empty, and we're done
             if n < self._BATCHSIZE:
@@ -1017,8 +1130,12 @@ def save_set(self, obj):
             n = len(batch)
             if n > 0:
                 write(MARK)
-                for item in batch:
-                    save(item)
+                try:
+                    for item in batch:
+                        save(item)
+                except BaseException as exc:
+                    exc.add_note(f'when serializing {_T(obj)} element')
+                    raise
                 write(ADDITEMS)
             if n < self._BATCHSIZE:
                 return
@@ -1033,8 +1150,12 @@ def save_frozenset(self, obj):
             return
 
         write(MARK)
-        for item in obj:
-            save(item)
+        try:
+            for item in obj:
+                save(item)
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            exc.add_note(f'when serializing {_T(obj)} element')
+            raise
 
         if id(obj) in self.memo:
             # If the object is already in the memo, this means it is
@@ -1053,48 +1174,59 @@ def save_global(self, obj, name=None):
 
         if name is None:
             name = getattr(obj, '__qualname__', None)
-        if name is None:
-            name = obj.__name__
+            if name is None:
+                name = obj.__name__
 
         module_name = whichmodule(obj, name)
-        try:
-            __import__(module_name, level=0)
-            module = sys.modules[module_name]
-            obj2, parent = _getattribute(module, name)
-        except (ImportError, KeyError, AttributeError):
-            raise PicklingError(
-                "Can't pickle %r: it's not found as %s.%s" %
-                (obj, module_name, name)) from None
-        else:
-            if obj2 is not obj:
-                raise PicklingError(
-                    "Can't pickle %r: it's not the same object as %s.%s" %
-                    (obj, module_name, name))
-
         if self.proto >= 2:
-            code = _extension_registry.get((module_name, name))
-            if code:
-                assert code > 0
+            code = _extension_registry.get((module_name, name), _NoValue)
+            if code is not _NoValue:
                 if code <= 0xff:
-                    write(EXT1 + pack("<B", code))
+                    data = pack("<B", code)
+                    if data == b'\0':
+                        # Should never happen in normal circumstances,
+                        # since the type and the value of the code are
+                        # checked in copyreg.add_extension().
+                        raise RuntimeError("extension code 0 is out of range")
+                    write(EXT1 + data)
                 elif code <= 0xffff:
                     write(EXT2 + pack("<H", code))
                 else:
                     write(EXT4 + pack("<i", code))
                 return
-        lastname = name.rpartition('.')[2]
-        if parent is module:
-            name = lastname
-        # Non-ASCII identifiers are supported only with protocols >= 3.
+
         if self.proto >= 4:
             self.save(module_name)
             self.save(name)
             write(STACK_GLOBAL)
-        elif parent is not module:
-            self.save_reduce(getattr, (parent, lastname))
-        elif self.proto >= 3:
-            write(GLOBAL + bytes(module_name, "utf-8") + b'\n' +
-                  bytes(name, "utf-8") + b'\n')
+        elif '.' in name:
+            # In protocol < 4, objects with multi-part __qualname__
+            # are represented as
+            # getattr(getattr(..., attrname1), attrname2).
+            dotted_path = name.split('.')
+            name = dotted_path.pop(0)
+            save = self.save
+            for attrname in dotted_path:
+                save(getattr)
+                if self.proto < 2:
+                    write(MARK)
+            self._save_toplevel_by_name(module_name, name)
+            for attrname in dotted_path:
+                save(attrname)
+                if self.proto < 2:
+                    write(TUPLE)
+                else:
+                    write(TUPLE2)
+                write(REDUCE)
+        else:
+            self._save_toplevel_by_name(module_name, name)
+
+        self.memoize(obj)
+
+    def _save_toplevel_by_name(self, module_name, name):
+        if self.proto >= 3:
+            # Non-ASCII identifiers are supported only with protocols >= 3.
+            encoding = "utf-8"
         else:
             if self.fix_imports:
                 r_name_mapping = _compat_pickle.REVERSE_NAME_MAPPING
@@ -1103,15 +1235,19 @@ def save_global(self, obj, name=None):
                     module_name, name = r_name_mapping[(module_name, name)]
                 elif module_name in r_import_mapping:
                     module_name = r_import_mapping[module_name]
-            try:
-                write(GLOBAL + bytes(module_name, "ascii") + b'\n' +
-                      bytes(name, "ascii") + b'\n')
-            except UnicodeEncodeError:
-                raise PicklingError(
-                    "can't pickle global identifier '%s.%s' using "
-                    "pickle protocol %i" % (module, name, self.proto)) from None
-
-        self.memoize(obj)
+            encoding = "ascii"
+        try:
+            self.write(GLOBAL + bytes(module_name, encoding) + b'\n')
+        except UnicodeEncodeError:
+            raise PicklingError(
+                f"can't pickle module identifier {module_name!r} using "
+                f"pickle protocol {self.proto}")
+        try:
+            self.write(bytes(name, encoding) + b'\n')
+        except UnicodeEncodeError:
+            raise PicklingError(
+                f"can't pickle global identifier {name!r} using "
+                f"pickle protocol {self.proto}")
 
     def save_type(self, obj):
         if obj is type(None):
@@ -1548,9 +1684,8 @@ def load_ext4(self):
     dispatch[EXT4[0]] = load_ext4
 
     def get_extension(self, code):
-        nil = []
-        obj = _extension_cache.get(code, nil)
-        if obj is not nil:
+        obj = _extension_cache.get(code, _NoValue)
+        if obj is not _NoValue:
             self.append(obj)
             return
         key = _inverted_registry.get(code)
@@ -1572,8 +1707,13 @@ def find_class(self, module, name):
             elif module in _compat_pickle.IMPORT_MAPPING:
                 module = _compat_pickle.IMPORT_MAPPING[module]
         __import__(module, level=0)
-        if self.proto >= 4:
-            return _getattribute(sys.modules[module], name)[0]
+        if self.proto >= 4 and '.' in name:
+            dotted_path = name.split('.')
+            try:
+                return _getattribute(sys.modules[module], dotted_path)
+            except AttributeError:
+                raise AttributeError(
+                    f"Can't resolve path {name!r} on module {module!r}")
         else:
             return getattr(sys.modules[module], name)
 
diff --git a/Lib/pickletools.py b/Lib/pickletools.py
index 51ee4a7a2632ac..c462d26da97ce1 100644
--- a/Lib/pickletools.py
+++ b/Lib/pickletools.py
@@ -2429,8 +2429,6 @@ def dis(pickle, out=None, memo=None, indentlevel=4, annotate=0):
     + A memo entry isn't referenced before it's defined.
 
     + The markobject isn't stored in the memo.
-
-    + A memo entry isn't redefined.
     """
 
     # Most of the hair here is for sanity checks, but most of it is needed
@@ -2484,7 +2482,7 @@ def dis(pickle, out=None, memo=None, indentlevel=4, annotate=0):
                     assert opcode.name == "POP"
                     numtopop = 0
             else:
-                errormsg = markmsg = "no MARK exists on stack"
+                errormsg = "no MARK exists on stack"
 
         # Check for correct memo usage.
         if opcode.name in ("PUT", "BINPUT", "LONG_BINPUT", "MEMOIZE"):
@@ -2494,9 +2492,7 @@ def dis(pickle, out=None, memo=None, indentlevel=4, annotate=0):
             else:
                 assert arg is not None
                 memo_idx = arg
-            if memo_idx in memo:
-                errormsg = "memo key %r already defined" % arg
-            elif not stack:
+            if not stack:
                 errormsg = "stack is empty -- can't store into memo"
             elif stack[-1] is markobject:
                 errormsg = "can't store markobject in the memo"
diff --git a/Lib/platform.py b/Lib/platform.py
index a4fd2463f15a6c..d6322c9d99d2f3 100644
--- a/Lib/platform.py
+++ b/Lib/platform.py
@@ -546,7 +546,7 @@ def java_ver(release='', vendor='', vminfo=('', '', ''), osinfo=('', '', '')):
     warnings._deprecated('java_ver', remove=(3, 15))
     # Import the needed APIs
     try:
-        import java.lang
+        import java.lang  # noqa: F401
     except ImportError:
         return release, vendor, vminfo, osinfo
 
diff --git a/Lib/pprint.py b/Lib/pprint.py
index 9314701db340c7..dc0953cec67a58 100644
--- a/Lib/pprint.py
+++ b/Lib/pprint.py
@@ -35,8 +35,6 @@
 """
 
 import collections as _collections
-import dataclasses as _dataclasses
-import re
 import sys as _sys
 import types as _types
 from io import StringIO as _StringIO
@@ -54,6 +52,7 @@ def pprint(object, stream=None, indent=1, width=80, depth=None, *,
         underscore_numbers=underscore_numbers)
     printer.pprint(object)
 
+
 def pformat(object, indent=1, width=80, depth=None, *,
             compact=False, sort_dicts=True, underscore_numbers=False):
     """Format a Python object into a pretty-printed representation."""
@@ -61,22 +60,27 @@ def pformat(object, indent=1, width=80, depth=None, *,
                          compact=compact, sort_dicts=sort_dicts,
                          underscore_numbers=underscore_numbers).pformat(object)
 
+
 def pp(object, *args, sort_dicts=False, **kwargs):
     """Pretty-print a Python object"""
     pprint(object, *args, sort_dicts=sort_dicts, **kwargs)
 
+
 def saferepr(object):
     """Version of repr() which can handle recursive data structures."""
     return PrettyPrinter()._safe_repr(object, {}, None, 0)[0]
 
+
 def isreadable(object):
     """Determine if saferepr(object) is readable by eval()."""
     return PrettyPrinter()._safe_repr(object, {}, None, 0)[1]
 
+
 def isrecursive(object):
     """Determine if object requires a recursive representation."""
     return PrettyPrinter()._safe_repr(object, {}, None, 0)[2]
 
+
 class _safe_key:
     """Helper function for key functions when sorting unorderable objects.
 
@@ -99,10 +103,12 @@ def __lt__(self, other):
             return ((str(type(self.obj)), id(self.obj)) < \
                     (str(type(other.obj)), id(other.obj)))
 
+
 def _safe_tuple(t):
     "Helper function for comparing 2-tuples"
     return _safe_key(t[0]), _safe_key(t[1])
 
+
 class PrettyPrinter:
     def __init__(self, indent=1, width=80, depth=None, stream=None, *,
                  compact=False, sort_dicts=True, underscore_numbers=False):
@@ -179,12 +185,15 @@ def _format(self, object, stream, indent, allowance, context, level):
         max_width = self._width - indent - allowance
         if len(rep) > max_width:
             p = self._dispatch.get(type(object).__repr__, None)
+            # Lazy import to improve module import time
+            from dataclasses import is_dataclass
+
             if p is not None:
                 context[objid] = 1
                 p(self, object, stream, indent, allowance, context, level + 1)
                 del context[objid]
                 return
-            elif (_dataclasses.is_dataclass(object) and
+            elif (is_dataclass(object) and
                   not isinstance(object, type) and
                   object.__dataclass_params__.repr and
                   # Check dataclass has generated repr method.
@@ -197,9 +206,12 @@ def _format(self, object, stream, indent, allowance, context, level):
         stream.write(rep)
 
     def _pprint_dataclass(self, object, stream, indent, allowance, context, level):
+        # Lazy import to improve module import time
+        from dataclasses import fields as dataclass_fields
+
         cls_name = object.__class__.__name__
         indent += len(cls_name) + 1
-        items = [(f.name, getattr(object, f.name)) for f in _dataclasses.fields(object) if f.repr]
+        items = [(f.name, getattr(object, f.name)) for f in dataclass_fields(object) if f.repr]
         stream.write(cls_name + '(')
         self._format_namespace_items(items, stream, indent, allowance, context, level)
         stream.write(')')
@@ -291,6 +303,9 @@ def _pprint_str(self, object, stream, indent, allowance, context, level):
             if len(rep) <= max_width1:
                 chunks.append(rep)
             else:
+                # Lazy import to improve module import time
+                import re
+
                 # A list of alternating (non-space, space) strings
                 parts = re.findall(r'\S*\s*', line)
                 assert parts
@@ -632,9 +647,11 @@ def _safe_repr(self, object, context, maxlevels, level):
         rep = repr(object)
         return rep, (rep and not rep.startswith('<')), False
 
+
 _builtin_scalars = frozenset({str, bytes, bytearray, float, complex,
                               bool, type(None)})
 
+
 def _recursion(object):
     return ("<Recursion on %s with id=%s>"
             % (type(object).__name__, id(object)))
diff --git a/Lib/pstats.py b/Lib/pstats.py
index 2f054bb4011e7f..46e18fb7592a77 100644
--- a/Lib/pstats.py
+++ b/Lib/pstats.py
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ class Stats:
     method now take arbitrarily many file names as arguments.
 
     All the print methods now take an argument that indicates how many lines
-    to print.  If the arg is a floating point number between 0 and 1.0, then
+    to print.  If the arg is a floating-point number between 0 and 1.0, then
     it is taken as a decimal percentage of the available lines to be printed
     (e.g., .1 means print 10% of all available lines).  If it is an integer,
     it is taken to mean the number of lines of data that you wish to have
@@ -611,7 +611,7 @@ def f8(x):
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     import cmd
     try:
-        import readline
+        import readline  # noqa: F401
     except ImportError:
         pass
 
diff --git a/Lib/pty.py b/Lib/pty.py
index eb3d5f1ff657bb..4b25ac32c8da14 100644
--- a/Lib/pty.py
+++ b/Lib/pty.py
@@ -39,8 +39,8 @@ def openpty():
     except ImportError:
          return master_fd, slave_fd
     try:
-        ioctl(result, I_PUSH, "ptem")
-        ioctl(result, I_PUSH, "ldterm")
+        ioctl(slave_fd, I_PUSH, "ptem")
+        ioctl(slave_fd, I_PUSH, "ldterm")
     except OSError:
         pass
     return master_fd, slave_fd
diff --git a/Lib/pydoc.py b/Lib/pydoc.py
index cc6d9e20ca03fd..7bd80b704b25d8 100644
--- a/Lib/pydoc.py
+++ b/Lib/pydoc.py
@@ -71,13 +71,17 @@ class or function within a module or module in a package.  If the
 import tokenize
 import urllib.parse
 import warnings
+from annotationlib import Format
 from collections import deque
 from reprlib import Repr
 from traceback import format_exception_only
 
-from _pyrepl.pager import (get_pager, plain, escape_less, pipe_pager,
+from _pyrepl.pager import (get_pager, pipe_pager,
                            plain_pager, tempfile_pager, tty_pager)
 
+# Expose plain() as pydoc.plain()
+from _pyrepl.pager import plain  # noqa: F401
+
 
 # --------------------------------------------------------- old names
 
@@ -209,12 +213,12 @@ def splitdoc(doc):
 
 def _getargspecs(object):
     try:
-        signatures = inspect.signatures(object)
+        signatures = inspect.signatures(object, annotation_format=Format.STRING)
         if signatures:
             name = getattr(object, '__name__', '')
             # <lambda> function are always single-line and should not be formatted
             max_width = (80 - len(name)) if name != '<lambda>' else None
-            return [sig.format(max_width=max_width) for sig in signatures]
+            return [sig.format(max_width=max_width, quote_annotation_strings=False) for sig in signatures]
         return None
     except (ValueError, TypeError):
         pass
@@ -1689,6 +1693,13 @@ def describe(thing):
         return 'function ' + thing.__name__
     if inspect.ismethod(thing):
         return 'method ' + thing.__name__
+    if inspect.ismethodwrapper(thing):
+        return 'method wrapper ' + thing.__name__
+    if inspect.ismethoddescriptor(thing):
+        try:
+            return 'method descriptor ' + thing.__name__
+        except AttributeError:
+            pass
     return type(thing).__name__
 
 def locate(path, forceload=0):
@@ -1762,7 +1773,14 @@ def doc(thing, title='Python Library Documentation: %s', forceload=0,
     """Display text documentation, given an object or a path to an object."""
     if output is None:
         try:
-            what = thing if isinstance(thing, str) else type(thing).__name__
+            if isinstance(thing, str):
+                what = thing
+            else:
+                what = getattr(thing, '__qualname__', None)
+                if not isinstance(what, str):
+                    what = getattr(thing, '__name__', None)
+                    if not isinstance(what, str):
+                        what = type(thing).__name__ + ' object'
             pager(render_doc(thing, title, forceload), f'Help on {what!s}')
         except ImportError as exc:
             if is_cli:
@@ -1863,6 +1881,7 @@ class Helper:
         ':': 'SLICINGS DICTIONARYLITERALS',
         '@': 'def class',
         '\\': 'STRINGS',
+        ':=': 'ASSIGNMENTEXPRESSIONS',
         '_': 'PRIVATENAMES',
         '__': 'PRIVATENAMES SPECIALMETHODS',
         '`': 'BACKQUOTES',
@@ -1956,6 +1975,7 @@ class Helper:
         'ASSERTION': 'assert',
         'ASSIGNMENT': ('assignment', 'AUGMENTEDASSIGNMENT'),
         'AUGMENTEDASSIGNMENT': ('augassign', 'NUMBERMETHODS'),
+        'ASSIGNMENTEXPRESSIONS': ('assignment-expressions', ''),
         'DELETION': 'del',
         'RETURNING': 'return',
         'IMPORTING': 'import',
@@ -2044,7 +2064,7 @@ def help(self, request, is_cli=False):
             elif request in self.symbols: self.showsymbol(request)
             elif request in ['True', 'False', 'None']:
                 # special case these keywords since they are objects too
-                doc(eval(request), 'Help on %s:', is_cli=is_cli)
+                doc(eval(request), 'Help on %s:', output=self._output, is_cli=is_cli)
             elif request in self.keywords: self.showtopic(request)
             elif request in self.topics: self.showtopic(request)
             elif request: doc(request, 'Help on %s:', output=self._output, is_cli=is_cli)
@@ -2137,7 +2157,11 @@ def showtopic(self, topic, more_xrefs=''):
             text = 'Related help topics: ' + ', '.join(xrefs.split()) + '\n'
             wrapped_text = textwrap.wrap(text, 72)
             doc += '\n%s\n' % '\n'.join(wrapped_text)
-        pager(doc, f'Help on {topic!s}')
+
+        if self._output is None:
+            pager(doc, f'Help on {topic!s}')
+        else:
+            self.output.write(doc)
 
     def _gettopic(self, topic, more_xrefs=''):
         """Return unbuffered tuple of (topic, xrefs).
diff --git a/Lib/pydoc_data/topics.py b/Lib/pydoc_data/topics.py
index 4643df80e44aaf..165d3853f95e29 100644
--- a/Lib/pydoc_data/topics.py
+++ b/Lib/pydoc_data/topics.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-# Autogenerated by Sphinx on Wed May  8 11:11:17 2024
+# Autogenerated by Sphinx on Tue Oct 15 22:34:02 2024
 # as part of the release process.
 topics = {'assert': 'The "assert" statement\n'
            '**********************\n'
@@ -308,10 +308,10 @@
                'target.\n'
                'The target is only evaluated once.\n'
                '\n'
-               'An augmented assignment expression like "x += 1" can be '
-               'rewritten as\n'
-               '"x = x + 1" to achieve a similar, but not exactly equal '
-               'effect. In the\n'
+               'An augmented assignment statement like "x += 1" can be '
+               'rewritten as "x\n'
+               '= x + 1" to achieve a similar, but not exactly equal effect. '
+               'In the\n'
                'augmented version, "x" is only evaluated once. Also, when '
                'possible,\n'
                'the actual operation is performed *in-place*, meaning that '
@@ -362,21 +362,21 @@
                'a single\n'
                'target is allowed.\n'
                '\n'
-               'For simple names as assignment targets, if in class or module '
-               'scope,\n'
-               'the annotations are evaluated and stored in a special class or '
-               'module\n'
-               'attribute "__annotations__" that is a dictionary mapping from '
-               'variable\n'
-               'names (mangled if private) to evaluated annotations. This '
-               'attribute is\n'
-               'writable and is automatically created at the start of class or '
-               'module\n'
-               'body execution, if annotations are found statically.\n'
-               '\n'
-               'For expressions as assignment targets, the annotations are '
+               'The assignment target is considered “simple” if it consists of '
+               'a\n'
+               'single name that is not enclosed in parentheses. For simple '
+               'assignment\n'
+               'targets, if in class or module scope, the annotations are '
+               'gathered in\n'
+               'a lazily evaluated annotation scope. The annotations can be '
                'evaluated\n'
-               'if in class or module scope, but not stored.\n'
+               'using the "__annotations__" attribute of a class or module, or '
+               'using\n'
+               'the facilities in the "annotationlib" module.\n'
+               '\n'
+               'If the assignment target is not simple (an attribute, '
+               'subscript node,\n'
+               'or parenthesized name), the annotation is never evaluated.\n'
                '\n'
                'If a name is annotated in a function scope, then this name is '
                'local\n'
@@ -386,12 +386,13 @@
                '\n'
                'If the right hand side is present, an annotated assignment '
                'performs\n'
-               'the actual assignment before evaluating annotations (where\n'
-               'applicable). If the right hand side is not present for an '
-               'expression\n'
-               'target, then the interpreter evaluates the target except for '
-               'the last\n'
-               '"__setitem__()" or "__setattr__()" call.\n'
+               'the actual assignment as if there was no annotation present. '
+               'If the\n'
+               'right hand side is not present for an expression target, then '
+               'the\n'
+               'interpreter evaluates the target except for the last '
+               '"__setitem__()"\n'
+               'or "__setattr__()" call.\n'
                '\n'
                'See also:\n'
                '\n'
@@ -415,7 +416,51 @@
                'Previously,\n'
                'some expressions (like un-parenthesized tuple expressions) '
                'caused a\n'
-               'syntax error.\n',
+               'syntax error.\n'
+               '\n'
+               'Changed in version 3.14: Annotations are now lazily evaluated '
+               'in a\n'
+               'separate annotation scope. If the assignment target is not '
+               'simple,\n'
+               'annotations are never evaluated.\n',
+ 'assignment-expressions': 'Assignment expressions\n'
+                           '**********************\n'
+                           '\n'
+                           '   assignment_expression ::= [identifier ":="] '
+                           'expression\n'
+                           '\n'
+                           'An assignment expression (sometimes also called a '
+                           '“named expression”\n'
+                           'or “walrus”) assigns an "expression" to an '
+                           '"identifier", while also\n'
+                           'returning the value of the "expression".\n'
+                           '\n'
+                           'One common use case is when handling matched '
+                           'regular expressions:\n'
+                           '\n'
+                           '   if matching := pattern.search(data):\n'
+                           '       do_something(matching)\n'
+                           '\n'
+                           'Or, when processing a file stream in chunks:\n'
+                           '\n'
+                           '   while chunk := file.read(9000):\n'
+                           '       process(chunk)\n'
+                           '\n'
+                           'Assignment expressions must be surrounded by '
+                           'parentheses when used as\n'
+                           'expression statements and when used as '
+                           'sub-expressions in slicing,\n'
+                           'conditional, lambda, keyword-argument, and '
+                           'comprehension-if\n'
+                           'expressions and in "assert", "with", and '
+                           '"assignment" statements. In\n'
+                           'all other places where they can be used, '
+                           'parentheses are not required,\n'
+                           'including in "if" and "while" statements.\n'
+                           '\n'
+                           'Added in version 3.8: See **PEP 572** for more '
+                           'details about\n'
+                           'assignment expressions.\n',
  'async': 'Coroutines\n'
           '**********\n'
           '\n'
@@ -555,31 +600,67 @@
                      'evaluate it\n'
                      'raises a "NameError" exception.\n'
                      '\n'
-                     '**Private name mangling:** When an identifier that '
-                     'textually occurs in\n'
-                     'a class definition begins with two or more underscore '
-                     'characters and\n'
-                     'does not end in two or more underscores, it is '
-                     'considered a *private\n'
-                     'name* of that class. Private names are transformed to a '
-                     'longer form\n'
-                     'before code is generated for them.  The transformation '
-                     'inserts the\n'
-                     'class name, with leading underscores removed and a '
-                     'single underscore\n'
-                     'inserted, in front of the name.  For example, the '
-                     'identifier "__spam"\n'
-                     'occurring in a class named "Ham" will be transformed to '
-                     '"_Ham__spam".\n'
-                     'This transformation is independent of the syntactical '
+                     '\n'
+                     'Private name mangling\n'
+                     '=====================\n'
+                     '\n'
+                     'When an identifier that textually occurs in a class '
+                     'definition begins\n'
+                     'with two or more underscore characters and does not end '
+                     'in two or more\n'
+                     'underscores, it is considered a *private name* of that '
+                     'class.\n'
+                     '\n'
+                     'See also: The class specifications.\n'
+                     '\n'
+                     'More precisely, private names are transformed to a '
+                     'longer form before\n'
+                     'code is generated for them.  If the transformed name is '
+                     'longer than\n'
+                     '255 characters, implementation-defined truncation may '
+                     'happen.\n'
+                     '\n'
+                     'The transformation is independent of the syntactical '
                      'context in which\n'
-                     'the identifier is used.  If the transformed name is '
-                     'extremely long\n'
-                     '(longer than 255 characters), implementation defined '
-                     'truncation may\n'
-                     'happen. If the class name consists only of underscores, '
-                     'no\n'
-                     'transformation is done.\n',
+                     'the identifier is used but only the following private '
+                     'identifiers are\n'
+                     'mangled:\n'
+                     '\n'
+                     '* Any name used as the name of a variable that is '
+                     'assigned or read or\n'
+                     '  any name of an attribute being accessed.\n'
+                     '\n'
+                     '  The "__name__" attribute of nested functions, classes, '
+                     'and type\n'
+                     '  aliases is however not mangled.\n'
+                     '\n'
+                     '* The name of imported modules, e.g., "__spam" in '
+                     '"import __spam". If\n'
+                     '  the module is part of a package (i.e., its name '
+                     'contains a dot), the\n'
+                     '  name is *not* mangled, e.g., the "__foo" in "import '
+                     '__foo.bar" is\n'
+                     '  not mangled.\n'
+                     '\n'
+                     '* The name of an imported member, e.g., "__f" in "from '
+                     'spam import\n'
+                     '  __f".\n'
+                     '\n'
+                     'The transformation rule is defined as follows:\n'
+                     '\n'
+                     '* The class name, with leading underscores removed and a '
+                     'single\n'
+                     '  leading underscore inserted, is inserted in front of '
+                     'the identifier,\n'
+                     '  e.g., the identifier "__spam" occurring in a class '
+                     'named "Foo",\n'
+                     '  "_Foo" or "__Foo" is transformed to "_Foo__spam".\n'
+                     '\n'
+                     '* If the class name consists only of underscores, the '
+                     'transformation\n'
+                     '  is the identity, e.g., the identifier "__spam" '
+                     'occurring in a class\n'
+                     '  named "_" or "__" is left as is.\n',
  'atom-literals': 'Literals\n'
                   '********\n'
                   '\n'
@@ -592,10 +673,10 @@
                   '\n'
                   'Evaluation of a literal yields an object of the given type '
                   '(string,\n'
-                  'bytes, integer, floating point number, complex number) with '
+                  'bytes, integer, floating-point number, complex number) with '
                   'the given\n'
                   'value.  The value may be approximated in the case of '
-                  'floating point\n'
+                  'floating-point\n'
                   'and imaginary (complex) literals.  See section Literals for '
                   'details.\n'
                   '\n'
@@ -1053,11 +1134,13 @@
                      'to the class\n'
                      '  where it is defined.  *__slots__* declared in parents '
                      'are available\n'
-                     '  in child classes. However, child subclasses will get a '
-                     '"__dict__"\n'
-                     '  and *__weakref__* unless they also define *__slots__* '
-                     '(which should\n'
-                     '  only contain names of any *additional* slots).\n'
+                     '  in child classes. However, instances of a child '
+                     'subclass will get a\n'
+                     '  "__dict__" and *__weakref__* unless the subclass also '
+                     'defines\n'
+                     '  *__slots__* (which should only contain names of any '
+                     '*additional*\n'
+                     '  slots).\n'
                      '\n'
                      '* If a class defines a slot also defined in a base '
                      'class, the instance\n'
@@ -1163,10 +1246,10 @@
               'target.\n'
               'The target is only evaluated once.\n'
               '\n'
-              'An augmented assignment expression like "x += 1" can be '
-              'rewritten as\n'
-              '"x = x + 1" to achieve a similar, but not exactly equal effect. '
-              'In the\n'
+              'An augmented assignment statement like "x += 1" can be '
+              'rewritten as "x\n'
+              '= x + 1" to achieve a similar, but not exactly equal effect. In '
+              'the\n'
               'augmented version, "x" is only evaluated once. Also, when '
               'possible,\n'
               'the actual operation is performed *in-place*, meaning that '
@@ -1239,6 +1322,10 @@
            'The "@" (at) operator is intended to be used for matrix\n'
            'multiplication.  No builtin Python types implement this operator.\n'
            '\n'
+           'This operation can be customized using the special "__matmul__()" '
+           'and\n'
+           '"__rmatmul__()" methods.\n'
+           '\n'
            'Added in version 3.5.\n'
            '\n'
            'The "/" (division) and "//" (floor division) operators yield the\n'
@@ -1251,17 +1338,19 @@
            'result.  Division by zero raises the "ZeroDivisionError" '
            'exception.\n'
            '\n'
-           'This operation can be customized using the special "__truediv__()" '
+           'The division operation can be customized using the special\n'
+           '"__truediv__()" and "__rtruediv__()" methods. The floor division\n'
+           'operation can be customized using the special "__floordiv__()" '
            'and\n'
-           '"__floordiv__()" methods.\n'
+           '"__rfloordiv__()" methods.\n'
            '\n'
            'The "%" (modulo) operator yields the remainder from the division '
            'of\n'
            'the first argument by the second.  The numeric arguments are '
            'first\n'
            'converted to a common type.  A zero right argument raises the\n'
-           '"ZeroDivisionError" exception.  The arguments may be floating '
-           'point\n'
+           '"ZeroDivisionError" exception.  The arguments may be '
+           'floating-point\n'
            'numbers, e.g., "3.14%0.7" equals "0.34" (since "3.14" equals '
            '"4*0.7 +\n'
            '0.34".)  The modulo operator always yields a result with the same '
@@ -1288,13 +1377,13 @@
            '\n'
            'The *modulo* operation can be customized using the special '
            '"__mod__()"\n'
-           'method.\n'
+           'and "__rmod__()" methods.\n'
            '\n'
            'The floor division operator, the modulo operator, and the '
            '"divmod()"\n'
            'function are not defined for complex numbers.  Instead, convert to '
            'a\n'
-           'floating point number using the "abs()" function if appropriate.\n'
+           'floating-point number using the "abs()" function if appropriate.\n'
            '\n'
            'The "+" (addition) operator yields the sum of its arguments.  The\n'
            'arguments must either both be numbers or both be sequences of the '
@@ -1313,7 +1402,8 @@
            'The numeric arguments are first converted to a common type.\n'
            '\n'
            'This operation can be customized using the special "__sub__()" '
-           'method.\n',
+           'and\n'
+           '"__rsub__()" methods.\n',
  'bitwise': 'Binary bitwise operations\n'
             '*************************\n'
             '\n'
@@ -2388,18 +2478,16 @@
              'An\n'
              'expression-less "except" clause, if present, must be last; it '
              'matches\n'
-             'any exception. For an "except" clause with an expression, that\n'
-             'expression is evaluated, and the clause matches the exception if '
-             'the\n'
-             'resulting object is “compatible” with the exception.  An object '
-             'is\n'
-             'compatible with an exception if the object is the class or a '
-             '*non-\n'
-             'virtual base class* of the exception object, or a tuple '
-             'containing an\n'
-             'item that is the class or a non-virtual base class of the '
-             'exception\n'
-             'object.\n'
+             'any exception.\n'
+             '\n'
+             'For an "except" clause with an expression, the expression must\n'
+             'evaluate to an exception type or a tuple of exception types. '
+             'The\n'
+             'raised exception matches an "except" clause whose expression '
+             'evaluates\n'
+             'to the class or a *non-virtual base class* of the exception '
+             'object, or\n'
+             'to a tuple that contains such a class.\n'
              '\n'
              'If no "except" clause matches the exception, the search for an\n'
              'exception handler continues in the surrounding code and on the\n'
@@ -2548,13 +2636,16 @@
              '   ...\n'
              "   ExceptionGroup('', (BlockingIOError()))\n"
              '\n'
-             'An "except*" clause must have a matching type, and this type '
-             'cannot be\n'
-             'a subclass of "BaseExceptionGroup". It is not possible to mix '
-             '"except"\n'
-             'and "except*" in the same "try". "break", "continue" and '
-             '"return"\n'
-             'cannot appear in an "except*" clause.\n'
+             'An "except*" clause must have a matching expression; it cannot '
+             'be\n'
+             '"except*:". Furthermore, this expression cannot contain '
+             'exception\n'
+             'group types, because that would have ambiguous semantics.\n'
+             '\n'
+             'It is not possible to mix "except" and "except*" in the same '
+             '"try".\n'
+             '"break", "continue" and "return" cannot appear in an "except*" '
+             'clause.\n'
              '\n'
              '\n'
              '"else" clause\n'
@@ -3052,7 +3143,7 @@
              '                       | "None"\n'
              '                       | "True"\n'
              '                       | "False"\n'
-             '                       | signed_number: NUMBER | "-" NUMBER\n'
+             '   signed_number   ::= ["-"] NUMBER\n'
              '\n'
              'The rule "strings" and the token "NUMBER" are defined in the '
              'standard\n'
@@ -3522,10 +3613,12 @@
              '   parameter_list_no_posonly ::= defparameter ("," '
              'defparameter)* ["," [parameter_list_starargs]]\n'
              '                                 | parameter_list_starargs\n'
-             '   parameter_list_starargs   ::= "*" [parameter] ("," '
+             '   parameter_list_starargs   ::= "*" [star_parameter] ("," '
              'defparameter)* ["," ["**" parameter [","]]]\n'
              '                               | "**" parameter [","]\n'
              '   parameter                 ::= identifier [":" expression]\n'
+             '   star_parameter            ::= identifier [":" ["*"] '
+             'expression]\n'
              '   defparameter              ::= parameter ["=" expression]\n'
              '   funcname                  ::= identifier\n'
              '\n'
@@ -3653,27 +3746,22 @@
              'expression"”\n'
              'following the parameter name.  Any parameter may have an '
              'annotation,\n'
-             'even those of the form "*identifier" or "**identifier".  '
-             'Functions may\n'
-             'have “return” annotation of the form “"-> expression"” after '
-             'the\n'
-             'parameter list.  These annotations can be any valid Python '
-             'expression.\n'
-             'The presence of annotations does not change the semantics of a\n'
-             'function.  The annotation values are available as values of a\n'
-             'dictionary keyed by the parameters’ names in the '
-             '"__annotations__"\n'
-             'attribute of the function object.  If the "annotations" import '
-             'from\n'
-             '"__future__" is used, annotations are preserved as strings at '
-             'runtime\n'
-             'which enables postponed evaluation.  Otherwise, they are '
-             'evaluated\n'
-             'when the function definition is executed.  In this case '
-             'annotations\n'
-             'may be evaluated in a different order than they appear in the '
-             'source\n'
-             'code.\n'
+             'even those of the form "*identifier" or "**identifier". (As a '
+             'special\n'
+             'case, parameters of the form "*identifier" may have an '
+             'annotation “":\n'
+             '*expression"”.) Functions may have “return” annotation of the '
+             'form\n'
+             '“"-> expression"” after the parameter list.  These annotations '
+             'can be\n'
+             'any valid Python expression.  The presence of annotations does '
+             'not\n'
+             'change the semantics of a function. See Annotations for more\n'
+             'information on annotations.\n'
+             '\n'
+             'Changed in version 3.11: Parameters of the form “"*identifier"” '
+             'may\n'
+             'have an annotation “": *expression"”. See **PEP 646**.\n'
              '\n'
              'It is also possible to create anonymous functions (functions not '
              'bound\n'
@@ -4263,6 +4351,56 @@
              'not\n'
              'actually bound at runtime.\n'
              '\n'
+             '\n'
+             'Annotations\n'
+             '===========\n'
+             '\n'
+             'Changed in version 3.14: Annotations are now lazily evaluated '
+             'by\n'
+             'default.\n'
+             '\n'
+             'Variables and function parameters may carry *annotations*, '
+             'created by\n'
+             'adding a colon after the name, followed by an expression:\n'
+             '\n'
+             '   x: annotation = 1\n'
+             '   def f(param: annotation): ...\n'
+             '\n'
+             'Functions may also carry a return annotation following an '
+             'arrow:\n'
+             '\n'
+             '   def f() -> annotation: ...\n'
+             '\n'
+             'Annotations are conventionally used for *type hints*, but this '
+             'is not\n'
+             'enforced by the language, and in general annotations may '
+             'contain\n'
+             'arbitrary expressions. The presence of annotations does not '
+             'change the\n'
+             'runtime semantics of the code, except if some mechanism is used '
+             'that\n'
+             'introspects and uses the annotations (such as "dataclasses" or\n'
+             '"functools.singledispatch()").\n'
+             '\n'
+             'By default, annotations are lazily evaluated in a annotation '
+             'scope.\n'
+             'This means that they are not evaluated when the code containing '
+             'the\n'
+             'annotation is evaluated. Instead, the interpreter saves '
+             'information\n'
+             'that can be used to evaluate the annotation later if requested. '
+             'The\n'
+             '"annotationlib" module provides tools for evaluating '
+             'annotations.\n'
+             '\n'
+             'If the future statement "from __future__ import annotations" is\n'
+             'present, all annotations are instead stored as strings:\n'
+             '\n'
+             '   >>> from __future__ import annotations\n'
+             '   >>> def f(param: annotation): ...\n'
+             '   >>> f.__annotations__\n'
+             "   {'param': 'annotation'}\n"
+             '\n'
              '-[ Footnotes ]-\n'
              '\n'
              '[1] The exception is propagated to the invocation stack unless '
@@ -4425,7 +4563,7 @@
                 'converted to\n'
                 '  complex;\n'
                 '\n'
-                '* otherwise, if either argument is a floating point number, '
+                '* otherwise, if either argument is a floating-point number, '
                 'the other\n'
                 '  is converted to floating point;\n'
                 '\n'
@@ -4536,6 +4674,10 @@
                   '   It is not guaranteed that "__del__()" methods are called '
                   'for\n'
                   '   objects that still exist when the interpreter exits.\n'
+                  '   "weakref.finalize" provides a straightforward way to '
+                  'register a\n'
+                  '   cleanup function to be called when an object is garbage '
+                  'collected.\n'
                   '\n'
                   '   Note:\n'
                   '\n'
@@ -5034,6 +5176,12 @@
              '   0\n'
              '   (Pdb)\n'
              '\n'
+             'Changed in version 3.13: The implementation of **PEP 667** means '
+             'that\n'
+             'name assignments made via "pdb" will immediately affect the '
+             'active\n'
+             'scope, even when running inside an *optimized scope*.\n'
+             '\n'
              'The module defines the following functions; each enters the '
              'debugger\n'
              'in a slightly different way:\n'
@@ -5075,7 +5223,7 @@
              'appears\n'
              '   as soon as the function is entered.\n'
              '\n'
-             'pdb.set_trace(*, header=None)\n'
+             'pdb.set_trace(*, header=None, commands=None)\n'
              '\n'
              '   Enter the debugger at the calling stack frame.  This is '
              'useful to\n'
@@ -5084,7 +5232,9 @@
              '   code is not otherwise being debugged (e.g. when an assertion\n'
              '   fails).  If given, *header* is printed to the console just '
              'before\n'
-             '   debugging begins.\n'
+             '   debugging begins. The *commands* argument, if given, is a '
+             'list of\n'
+             '   commands to execute when the debugger starts.\n'
              '\n'
              '   Changed in version 3.7: The keyword-only argument *header*.\n'
              '\n'
@@ -5093,6 +5243,8 @@
              '   immediately, rather than on the next line of code to be '
              'executed.\n'
              '\n'
+             '   Added in version 3.14: The *commands* argument.\n'
+             '\n'
              'pdb.post_mortem(traceback=None)\n'
              '\n'
              '   Enter post-mortem debugging of the given *traceback* object.  '
@@ -5115,7 +5267,7 @@
              'to access further features, you have to do this yourself:\n'
              '\n'
              "class pdb.Pdb(completekey='tab', stdin=None, stdout=None, "
-             'skip=None, nosigint=False, readrc=True)\n'
+             'skip=None, nosigint=False, readrc=True, mode=None)\n'
              '\n'
              '   "Pdb" is the debugger class.\n'
              '\n'
@@ -5144,6 +5296,15 @@
              'Pdb\n'
              '   will load .pdbrc files from the filesystem.\n'
              '\n'
+             '   The *mode* argument specifies how the debugger was invoked. '
+             'It\n'
+             '   impacts the workings of some debugger commands. Valid values '
+             'are\n'
+             '   "\'inline\'" (used by the breakpoint() builtin), "\'cli\'" '
+             '(used by the\n'
+             '   command line invocation) or "None" (for backwards compatible\n'
+             '   behaviour, as before the *mode* argument was added).\n'
+             '\n'
              '   Example call to enable tracing with *skip*:\n'
              '\n'
              "      import pdb; pdb.Pdb(skip=['django.*']).set_trace()\n"
@@ -5158,6 +5319,8 @@
              '\n'
              '   Changed in version 3.6: The *readrc* argument.\n'
              '\n'
+             '   Added in version 3.14: Added the *mode* argument.\n'
+             '\n'
              '   run(statement, globals=None, locals=None)\n'
              '   runeval(expression, globals=None, locals=None)\n'
              '   runcall(function, *args, **kwds)\n'
@@ -5245,7 +5408,8 @@
              '* "$_exception": the exception if the frame is raising an '
              'exception\n'
              '\n'
-             'Added in version 3.12.\n'
+             'Added in version 3.12: Added the *convenience variable* '
+             'feature.\n'
              '\n'
              'If a file ".pdbrc" exists in the user’s home directory or in '
              'the\n'
@@ -5279,13 +5443,20 @@
              '"help\n'
              '   exec" must be entered to get help on the "!" command.\n'
              '\n'
-             'w(here)\n'
+             'w(here) [count]\n'
              '\n'
              '   Print a stack trace, with the most recent frame at the '
-             'bottom.  An\n'
-             '   arrow (">") indicates the current frame, which determines '
-             'the\n'
-             '   context of most commands.\n'
+             'bottom.  if\n'
+             '   *count* is 0, print the current frame entry. If *count* is\n'
+             '   negative, print the least recent - *count* frames. If *count* '
+             'is\n'
+             '   positive, print the most recent *count* frames.  An arrow '
+             '(">")\n'
+             '   indicates the current frame, which determines the context of '
+             'most\n'
+             '   commands.\n'
+             '\n'
+             '   Changed in version 3.14: *count* argument is added.\n'
              '\n'
              'd(own) [count]\n'
              '\n'
@@ -5309,7 +5480,7 @@
              'one that\n'
              '   hasn’t been loaded yet).  The file is searched on '
              '"sys.path".\n'
-             '   Accepatable forms of *filename* are "/abspath/to/file.py",\n'
+             '   Acceptable forms of *filename* are "/abspath/to/file.py",\n'
              '   "relpath/file.py", "module" and "package.module".\n'
              '\n'
              '   With a *function* argument, set a break at the first '
@@ -5411,25 +5582,27 @@
              '\n'
              '   Specifying any command resuming execution (currently '
              '"continue",\n'
-             '   "step", "next", "return", "jump", "quit" and their '
-             'abbreviations)\n'
-             '   terminates the command list (as if that command was '
-             'immediately\n'
-             '   followed by end). This is because any time you resume '
-             'execution\n'
-             '   (even with a simple next or step), you may encounter another\n'
-             '   breakpoint—which could have its own command list, leading to\n'
-             '   ambiguities about which list to execute.\n'
-             '\n'
-             '   If you use the "silent" command in the command list, the '
-             'usual\n'
-             '   message about stopping at a breakpoint is not printed.  This '
-             'may be\n'
-             '   desirable for breakpoints that are to print a specific '
-             'message and\n'
-             '   then continue.  If none of the other commands print anything, '
-             'you\n'
-             '   see no sign that the breakpoint was reached.\n'
+             '   "step", "next", "return", "until", "jump", "quit" and their\n'
+             '   abbreviations) terminates the command list (as if that '
+             'command was\n'
+             '   immediately followed by end). This is because any time you '
+             'resume\n'
+             '   execution (even with a simple next or step), you may '
+             'encounter\n'
+             '   another breakpoint—which could have its own command list, '
+             'leading\n'
+             '   to ambiguities about which list to execute.\n'
+             '\n'
+             '   If the list of commands contains the "silent" command, or a '
+             'command\n'
+             '   that resumes execution, then the breakpoint message '
+             'containing\n'
+             '   information about the frame is not displayed.\n'
+             '\n'
+             '   Changed in version 3.14: Frame information will not be '
+             'displayed if\n'
+             '   a command that resumes execution is present in the command '
+             'list.\n'
              '\n'
              's(tep)\n'
              '\n'
@@ -5620,24 +5793,22 @@
              '\n'
              'interact\n'
              '\n'
-             '   Start an interactive interpreter (using the "code" module) '
-             'whose\n'
-             '   global namespace contains all the (global and local) names '
-             'found in\n'
-             '   the current scope. Use "exit()" or "quit()" to exit the '
-             'interpreter\n'
-             '   and return to the debugger.\n'
+             '   Start an interactive interpreter (using the "code" module) in '
+             'a new\n'
+             '   global namespace initialised from the local and global '
+             'namespaces\n'
+             '   for the current scope. Use "exit()" or "quit()" to exit the\n'
+             '   interpreter and return to the debugger.\n'
              '\n'
              '   Note:\n'
              '\n'
-             '     Because interact creates a new global namespace with the '
-             'current\n'
-             '     global and local namespace for execution, assignment to '
-             'variables\n'
-             '     will not affect the original namespaces. However, '
-             'modification to\n'
-             '     the mutable objects will be reflected in the original '
-             'namespaces.\n'
+             '     As "interact" creates a new dedicated namespace for code\n'
+             '     execution, assignments to variables will not affect the '
+             'original\n'
+             '     namespaces. However, modifications to any referenced '
+             'mutable\n'
+             '     objects will be reflected in the original namespaces as '
+             'usual.\n'
              '\n'
              '   Added in version 3.2.\n'
              '\n'
@@ -5717,6 +5888,10 @@
              'preserved.\n'
              '   "restart" is an alias for "run".\n'
              '\n'
+             '   Changed in version 3.14: "run" and "restart" commands are '
+             'disabled\n'
+             '   when the debugger is invoked in "\'inline\'" mode.\n'
+             '\n'
              'q(uit)\n'
              '\n'
              '   Quit from the debugger.  The program being executed is '
@@ -6226,17 +6401,18 @@
               'Annotation scopes\n'
               '-----------------\n'
               '\n'
-              'Type parameter lists and "type" statements introduce '
-              '*annotation\n'
-              'scopes*, which behave mostly like function scopes, but with '
-              'some\n'
-              'exceptions discussed below. *Annotations* currently do not use\n'
-              'annotation scopes, but they are expected to use annotation '
-              'scopes in\n'
-              'Python 3.13 when **PEP 649** is implemented.\n'
+              '*Annotations*, type parameter lists and "type" statements '
+              'introduce\n'
+              '*annotation scopes*, which behave mostly like function scopes, '
+              'but\n'
+              'with some exceptions discussed below.\n'
               '\n'
               'Annotation scopes are used in the following contexts:\n'
               '\n'
+              '* *Function annotations*.\n'
+              '\n'
+              '* *Variable annotations*.\n'
+              '\n'
               '* Type parameter lists for generic type aliases.\n'
               '\n'
               '* Type parameter lists for generic functions. A generic '
@@ -6290,11 +6466,11 @@
               '\n'
               '* While annotation scopes have an internal name, that name is '
               'not\n'
-              '  reflected in the *__qualname__* of objects defined within the '
-              'scope.\n'
-              '  Instead, the "__qualname__" of such objects is as if the '
-              'object were\n'
-              '  defined in the enclosing scope.\n'
+              '  reflected in the *qualified name* of objects defined within '
+              'the\n'
+              '  scope. Instead, the "__qualname__" of such objects is as if '
+              'the\n'
+              '  object were defined in the enclosing scope.\n'
               '\n'
               'Added in version 3.12: Annotation scopes were introduced in '
               'Python\n'
@@ -6304,21 +6480,26 @@
               'type\n'
               'parameter defaults, as introduced by **PEP 696**.\n'
               '\n'
+              'Changed in version 3.14: Annotation scopes are now also used '
+              'for\n'
+              'annotations, as specified in **PEP 649** and **PEP 749**.\n'
+              '\n'
               '\n'
               'Lazy evaluation\n'
               '---------------\n'
               '\n'
-              'The values of type aliases created through the "type" statement '
-              'are\n'
-              '*lazily evaluated*. The same applies to the bounds, '
-              'constraints, and\n'
-              'default values of type variables created through the type '
-              'parameter\n'
-              'syntax. This means that they are not evaluated when the type '
-              'alias or\n'
-              'type variable is created. Instead, they are only evaluated when '
-              'doing\n'
-              'so is necessary to resolve an attribute access.\n'
+              'Most annotation scopes are *lazily evaluated*. This includes\n'
+              'annotations, the values of type aliases created through the '
+              '"type"\n'
+              'statement, and the bounds, constraints, and default values of '
+              'type\n'
+              'variables created through the type parameter syntax. This means '
+              'that\n'
+              'they are not evaluated when the type alias or type variable is\n'
+              'created, or when the object carrying annotations is created. '
+              'Instead,\n'
+              'they are only evaluated when necessary, for example when the\n'
+              '"__value__" attribute on a type alias is accessed.\n'
               '\n'
               'Example:\n'
               '\n'
@@ -6496,12 +6677,17 @@
  'exprlists': 'Expression lists\n'
               '****************\n'
               '\n'
-              '   expression_list    ::= expression ("," expression)* [","]\n'
-              '   starred_list       ::= starred_item ("," starred_item)* '
+              '   starred_expression       ::= ["*"] or_expr\n'
+              '   flexible_expression      ::= assignment_expression | '
+              'starred_expression\n'
+              '   flexible_expression_list ::= flexible_expression ("," '
+              'flexible_expression)* [","]\n'
+              '   starred_expression_list  ::= starred_expression ("," '
+              'starred_expression)* [","]\n'
+              '   expression_list          ::= expression ("," expression)* '
               '[","]\n'
-              '   starred_expression ::= expression | (starred_item ",")* '
-              '[starred_item]\n'
-              '   starred_item       ::= assignment_expression | "*" or_expr\n'
+              '   yield_list               ::= expression_list | '
+              'starred_expression "," [starred_expression_list]\n'
               '\n'
               'Except when part of a list or set display, an expression list\n'
               'containing at least one comma yields a tuple.  The length of '
@@ -6520,6 +6706,10 @@
               'Added in version 3.5: Iterable unpacking in expression lists,\n'
               'originally proposed by **PEP 448**.\n'
               '\n'
+              'Added in version 3.11: Any item in an expression list may be '
+              'starred.\n'
+              'See **PEP 646**.\n'
+              '\n'
               'A trailing comma is required only to create a one-item tuple, '
               'such as\n'
               '"1,"; it is optional in all other cases. A single expression '
@@ -6529,10 +6719,10 @@
               'that expression. (To create an empty tuple, use an empty pair '
               'of\n'
               'parentheses: "()".)\n',
- 'floating': 'Floating point literals\n'
+ 'floating': 'Floating-point literals\n'
              '***********************\n'
              '\n'
-             'Floating point literals are described by the following lexical\n'
+             'Floating-point literals are described by the following lexical\n'
              'definitions:\n'
              '\n'
              '   floatnumber   ::= pointfloat | exponentfloat\n'
@@ -6546,12 +6736,12 @@
              'using\n'
              'radix 10. For example, "077e010" is legal, and denotes the same '
              'number\n'
-             'as "77e10". The allowed range of floating point literals is\n'
+             'as "77e10". The allowed range of floating-point literals is\n'
              'implementation-dependent.  As in integer literals, underscores '
              'are\n'
              'supported for digit grouping.\n'
              '\n'
-             'Some examples of floating point literals:\n'
+             'Some examples of floating-point literals:\n'
              '\n'
              '   3.14    10.    .001    1e100    3.14e-10    0e0    '
              '3.14_15_93\n'
@@ -6934,7 +7124,7 @@
                   '\n'
                   'The "\'_\'" option signals the use of an underscore for a '
                   'thousands\n'
-                  'separator for floating point presentation types and for '
+                  'separator for floating-point presentation types and for '
                   'integer\n'
                   'presentation type "\'d\'".  For integer presentation types '
                   '"\'b\'", "\'o\'",\n'
@@ -7061,11 +7251,11 @@
                   '\n'
                   'In addition to the above presentation types, integers can '
                   'be formatted\n'
-                  'with the floating point presentation types listed below '
+                  'with the floating-point presentation types listed below '
                   '(except "\'n\'"\n'
                   'and "None"). When doing so, "float()" is used to convert '
                   'the integer\n'
-                  'to a floating point number before formatting.\n'
+                  'to a floating-point number before formatting.\n'
                   '\n'
                   'The available presentation types for "float" and "Decimal" '
                   'values are:\n'
@@ -7091,12 +7281,10 @@
                   'of "6" digits    |\n'
                   '   |           | after the decimal point for "float", and '
                   'shows all         |\n'
-                  '   |           | coefficient digits for "Decimal". If no '
-                  'digits follow the  |\n'
-                  '   |           | decimal point, the decimal point is also '
-                  'removed unless    |\n'
-                  '   |           | the "#" option is '
-                  'used.                                    |\n'
+                  '   |           | coefficient digits for "Decimal".  If '
+                  '"p=0", the decimal   |\n'
+                  '   |           | point is omitted unless the "#" option is '
+                  'used.            |\n'
                   '   '
                   '+-----------+------------------------------------------------------------+\n'
                   '   | "\'E\'"     | Scientific notation. Same as "\'e\'" '
@@ -7115,12 +7303,10 @@
                   'decimal point for      |\n'
                   '   |           | "float", and uses a precision large enough '
                   'to show all     |\n'
-                  '   |           | coefficient digits for "Decimal". If no '
-                  'digits follow the  |\n'
-                  '   |           | decimal point, the decimal point is also '
-                  'removed unless    |\n'
-                  '   |           | the "#" option is '
-                  'used.                                    |\n'
+                  '   |           | coefficient digits for "Decimal".  If '
+                  '"p=0", the decimal   |\n'
+                  '   |           | point is omitted unless the "#" option is '
+                  'used.            |\n'
                   '   '
                   '+-----------+------------------------------------------------------------+\n'
                   '   | "\'F\'"     | Fixed-point notation. Same as "\'f\'", '
@@ -7205,18 +7391,22 @@
                   'percent sign.          |\n'
                   '   '
                   '+-----------+------------------------------------------------------------+\n'
-                  '   | None      | For "float" this is the same as "\'g\'", '
-                  'except that when    |\n'
-                  '   |           | fixed-point notation is used to format the '
-                  'result, it      |\n'
+                  '   | None      | For "float" this is like the "\'g\'" type, '
+                  'except that when  |\n'
+                  '   |           | fixed- point notation is used to format '
+                  'the result, it     |\n'
                   '   |           | always includes at least one digit past '
-                  'the decimal point. |\n'
-                  '   |           | The precision used is as large as needed '
-                  'to represent the  |\n'
-                  '   |           | given value faithfully.  For "Decimal", '
-                  'this is the same   |\n'
-                  '   |           | as either "\'g\'" or "\'G\'" depending on '
-                  'the value of         |\n'
+                  'the decimal point, |\n'
+                  '   |           | and switches to the scientific notation '
+                  'when "exp >= p -   |\n'
+                  '   |           | 1".  When the precision is not specified, '
+                  'the latter will  |\n'
+                  '   |           | be as large as needed to represent the '
+                  'given value         |\n'
+                  '   |           | faithfully.  For "Decimal", this is the '
+                  'same as either     |\n'
+                  '   |           | "\'g\'" or "\'G\'" depending on the value '
+                  'of                   |\n'
                   '   |           | "context.capitals" for the current decimal '
                   'context.  The   |\n'
                   '   |           | overall effect is to match the output of '
@@ -7406,10 +7596,12 @@
              '   parameter_list_no_posonly ::= defparameter ("," '
              'defparameter)* ["," [parameter_list_starargs]]\n'
              '                                 | parameter_list_starargs\n'
-             '   parameter_list_starargs   ::= "*" [parameter] ("," '
+             '   parameter_list_starargs   ::= "*" [star_parameter] ("," '
              'defparameter)* ["," ["**" parameter [","]]]\n'
              '                               | "**" parameter [","]\n'
              '   parameter                 ::= identifier [":" expression]\n'
+             '   star_parameter            ::= identifier [":" ["*"] '
+             'expression]\n'
              '   defparameter              ::= parameter ["=" expression]\n'
              '   funcname                  ::= identifier\n'
              '\n'
@@ -7537,27 +7729,22 @@
              'expression"”\n'
              'following the parameter name.  Any parameter may have an '
              'annotation,\n'
-             'even those of the form "*identifier" or "**identifier".  '
-             'Functions may\n'
-             'have “return” annotation of the form “"-> expression"” after '
-             'the\n'
-             'parameter list.  These annotations can be any valid Python '
-             'expression.\n'
-             'The presence of annotations does not change the semantics of a\n'
-             'function.  The annotation values are available as values of a\n'
-             'dictionary keyed by the parameters’ names in the '
-             '"__annotations__"\n'
-             'attribute of the function object.  If the "annotations" import '
-             'from\n'
-             '"__future__" is used, annotations are preserved as strings at '
-             'runtime\n'
-             'which enables postponed evaluation.  Otherwise, they are '
-             'evaluated\n'
-             'when the function definition is executed.  In this case '
-             'annotations\n'
-             'may be evaluated in a different order than they appear in the '
-             'source\n'
-             'code.\n'
+             'even those of the form "*identifier" or "**identifier". (As a '
+             'special\n'
+             'case, parameters of the form "*identifier" may have an '
+             'annotation “":\n'
+             '*expression"”.) Functions may have “return” annotation of the '
+             'form\n'
+             '“"-> expression"” after the parameter list.  These annotations '
+             'can be\n'
+             'any valid Python expression.  The presence of annotations does '
+             'not\n'
+             'change the semantics of a function. See Annotations for more\n'
+             'information on annotations.\n'
+             '\n'
+             'Changed in version 3.11: Parameters of the form “"*identifier"” '
+             'may\n'
+             'have an annotation “": *expression"”. See **PEP 646**.\n'
              '\n'
              'It is also possible to create anonymous functions (functions not '
              'bound\n'
@@ -7631,7 +7818,7 @@
            'parameters, or as targets in "with" statements or "except" '
            'clauses, or\n'
            'in a "for" target list, "class" definition, function definition,\n'
-           '"import" statement, or variable annotation.\n'
+           '"import" statement, or *variable annotations*.\n'
            '\n'
            '**CPython implementation detail:** The current implementation does '
            'not\n'
@@ -7726,19 +7913,16 @@
                 '\n'
                 'Within the ASCII range (U+0001..U+007F), the valid characters '
                 'for\n'
-                'identifiers are the same as in Python 2.x: the uppercase and '
-                'lowercase\n'
-                'letters "A" through "Z", the underscore "_" and, except for '
-                'the first\n'
-                'character, the digits "0" through "9".\n'
-                '\n'
-                'Python 3.0 introduces additional characters from outside the '
-                'ASCII\n'
-                'range (see **PEP 3131**).  For these characters, the '
-                'classification\n'
-                'uses the version of the Unicode Character Database as '
-                'included in the\n'
-                '"unicodedata" module.\n'
+                'identifiers include the uppercase and lowercase letters "A" '
+                'through\n'
+                '"Z", the underscore "_" and, except for the first character, '
+                'the\n'
+                'digits "0" through "9". Python 3.0 introduced additional '
+                'characters\n'
+                'from outside the ASCII range (see **PEP 3131**).  For these\n'
+                'characters, the classification uses the version of the '
+                'Unicode\n'
+                'Character Database as included in the "unicodedata" module.\n'
                 '\n'
                 'Identifiers are unlimited in length.  Case is significant.\n'
                 '\n'
@@ -7788,8 +7972,8 @@
                 '\n'
                 'A non-normative HTML file listing all valid identifier '
                 'characters for\n'
-                'Unicode 15.1.0 can be found at\n'
-                'https://www.unicode.org/Public/15.1.0/ucd/DerivedCoreProperties.txt\n'
+                'Unicode 16.0.0 can be found at\n'
+                'https://www.unicode.org/Public/16.0.0/ucd/DerivedCoreProperties.txt\n'
                 '\n'
                 '\n'
                 'Keywords\n'
@@ -7923,11 +8107,11 @@
               '\n'
               'An imaginary literal yields a complex number with a real part '
               'of 0.0.\n'
-              'Complex numbers are represented as a pair of floating point '
+              'Complex numbers are represented as a pair of floating-point '
               'numbers\n'
               'and have the same restrictions on their range.  To create a '
               'complex\n'
-              'number with a nonzero real part, add a floating point number to '
+              'number with a nonzero real part, add a floating-point number to '
               'it,\n'
               'e.g., "(3+4j)".  Some examples of imaginary literals:\n'
               '\n'
@@ -8313,7 +8497,8 @@
           'in\n'
           'square brackets:\n'
           '\n'
-          '   list_display ::= "[" [starred_list | comprehension] "]"\n'
+          '   list_display ::= "[" [flexible_expression_list | comprehension] '
+          '"]"\n'
           '\n'
           'A list display yields a new list object, the contents being '
           'specified\n'
@@ -8507,15 +8692,18 @@
            'Annotation scopes\n'
            '=================\n'
            '\n'
-           'Type parameter lists and "type" statements introduce *annotation\n'
-           'scopes*, which behave mostly like function scopes, but with some\n'
-           'exceptions discussed below. *Annotations* currently do not use\n'
-           'annotation scopes, but they are expected to use annotation scopes '
-           'in\n'
-           'Python 3.13 when **PEP 649** is implemented.\n'
+           '*Annotations*, type parameter lists and "type" statements '
+           'introduce\n'
+           '*annotation scopes*, which behave mostly like function scopes, '
+           'but\n'
+           'with some exceptions discussed below.\n'
            '\n'
            'Annotation scopes are used in the following contexts:\n'
            '\n'
+           '* *Function annotations*.\n'
+           '\n'
+           '* *Variable annotations*.\n'
+           '\n'
            '* Type parameter lists for generic type aliases.\n'
            '\n'
            '* Type parameter lists for generic functions. A generic '
@@ -8564,11 +8752,9 @@
            '  can introduce new names.\n'
            '\n'
            '* While annotation scopes have an internal name, that name is not\n'
-           '  reflected in the *__qualname__* of objects defined within the '
-           'scope.\n'
-           '  Instead, the "__qualname__" of such objects is as if the object '
-           'were\n'
-           '  defined in the enclosing scope.\n'
+           '  reflected in the *qualified name* of objects defined within the\n'
+           '  scope. Instead, the "__qualname__" of such objects is as if the\n'
+           '  object were defined in the enclosing scope.\n'
            '\n'
            'Added in version 3.12: Annotation scopes were introduced in '
            'Python\n'
@@ -8577,21 +8763,25 @@
            'Changed in version 3.13: Annotation scopes are also used for type\n'
            'parameter defaults, as introduced by **PEP 696**.\n'
            '\n'
+           'Changed in version 3.14: Annotation scopes are now also used for\n'
+           'annotations, as specified in **PEP 649** and **PEP 749**.\n'
+           '\n'
            '\n'
            'Lazy evaluation\n'
            '===============\n'
            '\n'
-           'The values of type aliases created through the "type" statement '
-           'are\n'
-           '*lazily evaluated*. The same applies to the bounds, constraints, '
-           'and\n'
-           'default values of type variables created through the type '
-           'parameter\n'
-           'syntax. This means that they are not evaluated when the type alias '
-           'or\n'
-           'type variable is created. Instead, they are only evaluated when '
-           'doing\n'
-           'so is necessary to resolve an attribute access.\n'
+           'Most annotation scopes are *lazily evaluated*. This includes\n'
+           'annotations, the values of type aliases created through the '
+           '"type"\n'
+           'statement, and the bounds, constraints, and default values of '
+           'type\n'
+           'variables created through the type parameter syntax. This means '
+           'that\n'
+           'they are not evaluated when the type alias or type variable is\n'
+           'created, or when the object carrying annotations is created. '
+           'Instead,\n'
+           'they are only evaluated when necessary, for example when the\n'
+           '"__value__" attribute on a type alias is accessed.\n'
            '\n'
            'Example:\n'
            '\n'
@@ -8724,8 +8914,8 @@
  'numbers': 'Numeric literals\n'
             '****************\n'
             '\n'
-            'There are three types of numeric literals: integers, floating '
-            'point\n'
+            'There are three types of numeric literals: integers, '
+            'floating-point\n'
             'numbers, and imaginary numbers.  There are no complex literals\n'
             '(complex numbers can be formed by adding a real number and an\n'
             'imaginary number).\n'
@@ -8931,13 +9121,9 @@
                   '   of the object truncated to an "Integral" (typically an '
                   '"int").\n'
                   '\n'
-                  '   The built-in function "int()" falls back to '
-                  '"__trunc__()" if\n'
-                  '   neither "__int__()" nor "__index__()" is defined.\n'
-                  '\n'
-                  '   Changed in version 3.11: The delegation of "int()" to '
-                  '"__trunc__()"\n'
-                  '   is deprecated.\n',
+                  '   Changed in version 3.14: "int()" no longer delegates to '
+                  'the\n'
+                  '   "__trunc__()" method.\n',
  'objects': 'Objects, values and types\n'
             '*************************\n'
             '\n'
@@ -9057,16 +9243,22 @@
             'types, operations that compute new values may actually return a\n'
             'reference to any existing object with the same type and value, '
             'while\n'
-            'for mutable objects this is not allowed.  E.g., after "a = 1; b = '
-            '1",\n'
-            '"a" and "b" may or may not refer to the same object with the '
-            'value\n'
-            'one, depending on the implementation, but after "c = []; d = []", '
-            '"c"\n'
-            'and "d" are guaranteed to refer to two different, unique, newly\n'
-            'created empty lists. (Note that "c = d = []" assigns the same '
-            'object\n'
-            'to both "c" and "d".)\n',
+            'for mutable objects this is not allowed. For example, after "a = '
+            '1; b\n'
+            '= 1", *a* and *b* may or may not refer to the same object with '
+            'the\n'
+            'value one, depending on the implementation. This is because "int" '
+            'is\n'
+            'an immutable type, so the reference to "1" can be reused. This\n'
+            'behaviour depends on the implementation used, so should not be '
+            'relied\n'
+            'upon, but is something to be aware of when making use of object\n'
+            'identity tests. However, after "c = []; d = []", *c* and *d* are\n'
+            'guaranteed to refer to two different, unique, newly created '
+            'empty\n'
+            'lists. (Note that "e = f = []" assigns the *same* object to both '
+            '*e*\n'
+            'and *f*.)\n',
  'operator-summary': 'Operator precedence\n'
                      '*******************\n'
                      '\n'
@@ -9295,8 +9487,8 @@
           '"complex"\n'
           'number. (In earlier versions it raised a "ValueError".)\n'
           '\n'
-          'This operation can be customized using the special "__pow__()" '
-          'method.\n',
+          'This operation can be customized using the special "__pow__()" and\n'
+          '"__rpow__()" methods.\n',
  'raise': 'The "raise" statement\n'
           '*********************\n'
           '\n'
@@ -9710,9 +9902,12 @@
              'the\n'
              'second argument.\n'
              '\n'
-             'This operation can be customized using the special '
-             '"__lshift__()" and\n'
-             '"__rshift__()" methods.\n'
+             'The left shift operation can be customized using the special\n'
+             '"__lshift__()" and "__rlshift__()" methods. The right shift '
+             'operation\n'
+             'can be customized using the special "__rshift__()" and '
+             '"__rrshift__()"\n'
+             'methods.\n'
              '\n'
              'A right shift by *n* bits is defined as floor division by '
              '"pow(2,n)".\n'
@@ -9778,20 +9973,6 @@
                  'not reported\n'
                  'by the "dir()" built-in function.\n'
                  '\n'
-                 'object.__dict__\n'
-                 '\n'
-                 '   A dictionary or other mapping object used to store an '
-                 'object’s\n'
-                 '   (writable) attributes.\n'
-                 '\n'
-                 'instance.__class__\n'
-                 '\n'
-                 '   The class to which a class instance belongs.\n'
-                 '\n'
-                 'class.__bases__\n'
-                 '\n'
-                 '   The tuple of base classes of a class object.\n'
-                 '\n'
                  'definition.__name__\n'
                  '\n'
                  '   The name of the class, function, method, descriptor, or '
@@ -9806,47 +9987,26 @@
                  '\n'
                  '   Added in version 3.3.\n'
                  '\n'
-                 'definition.__type_params__\n'
-                 '\n'
-                 '   The type parameters of generic classes, functions, and '
-                 'type\n'
-                 '   aliases.\n'
-                 '\n'
-                 '   Added in version 3.12.\n'
-                 '\n'
-                 'class.__mro__\n'
+                 'definition.__module__\n'
                  '\n'
-                 '   This attribute is a tuple of classes that are considered '
-                 'when\n'
-                 '   looking for base classes during method resolution.\n'
+                 '   The name of the module in which a class or function was '
+                 'defined.\n'
                  '\n'
-                 'class.mro()\n'
-                 '\n'
-                 '   This method can be overridden by a metaclass to customize '
-                 'the\n'
-                 '   method resolution order for its instances.  It is called '
-                 'at class\n'
-                 '   instantiation, and its result is stored in "__mro__".\n'
+                 'definition.__doc__\n'
                  '\n'
-                 'class.__subclasses__()\n'
+                 '   The documentation string of a class or function, or '
+                 '"None" if\n'
+                 '   undefined.\n'
                  '\n'
-                 '   Each class keeps a list of weak references to its '
-                 'immediate\n'
-                 '   subclasses.  This method returns a list of all those '
-                 'references\n'
-                 '   still alive.  The list is in definition order.  Example:\n'
-                 '\n'
-                 '      >>> int.__subclasses__()\n'
-                 "      [<class 'bool'>, <enum 'IntEnum'>, <flag 'IntFlag'>, "
-                 "<class 're._constants._NamedIntConstant'>]\n"
-                 '\n'
-                 'class.__static_attributes__\n'
+                 'definition.__type_params__\n'
                  '\n'
-                 '   A tuple containing names of attributes of this class '
-                 'which are\n'
-                 '   accessed through "self.X" from any function in its body.\n'
+                 '   The type parameters of generic classes, functions, and '
+                 'type\n'
+                 '   aliases. For classes and functions that are not generic, '
+                 'this will\n'
+                 '   be an empty tuple.\n'
                  '\n'
-                 '   Added in version 3.13.\n',
+                 '   Added in version 3.12.\n',
  'specialnames': 'Special method names\n'
                  '********************\n'
                  '\n'
@@ -9990,6 +10150,10 @@
                  '   It is not guaranteed that "__del__()" methods are called '
                  'for\n'
                  '   objects that still exist when the interpreter exits.\n'
+                 '   "weakref.finalize" provides a straightforward way to '
+                 'register a\n'
+                 '   cleanup function to be called when an object is garbage '
+                 'collected.\n'
                  '\n'
                  '   Note:\n'
                  '\n'
@@ -10788,11 +10952,13 @@
                  'the class\n'
                  '  where it is defined.  *__slots__* declared in parents are '
                  'available\n'
-                 '  in child classes. However, child subclasses will get a '
-                 '"__dict__"\n'
-                 '  and *__weakref__* unless they also define *__slots__* '
-                 '(which should\n'
-                 '  only contain names of any *additional* slots).\n'
+                 '  in child classes. However, instances of a child subclass '
+                 'will get a\n'
+                 '  "__dict__" and *__weakref__* unless the subclass also '
+                 'defines\n'
+                 '  *__slots__* (which should only contain names of any '
+                 '*additional*\n'
+                 '  slots).\n'
                  '\n'
                  '* If a class defines a slot also defined in a base class, '
                  'the instance\n'
@@ -11209,7 +11375,7 @@
                  'built-in\n'
                  'types), including other ABCs.\n'
                  '\n'
-                 'class.__instancecheck__(self, instance)\n'
+                 'type.__instancecheck__(self, instance)\n'
                  '\n'
                  '   Return true if *instance* should be considered a (direct '
                  'or\n'
@@ -11217,7 +11383,7 @@
                  'implement\n'
                  '   "isinstance(instance, class)".\n'
                  '\n'
-                 'class.__subclasscheck__(self, subclass)\n'
+                 'type.__subclasscheck__(self, subclass)\n'
                  '\n'
                  '   Return true if *subclass* should be considered a (direct '
                  'or\n'
@@ -11871,13 +12037,9 @@
                  '   of the object truncated to an "Integral" (typically an '
                  '"int").\n'
                  '\n'
-                 '   The built-in function "int()" falls back to "__trunc__()" '
-                 'if\n'
-                 '   neither "__int__()" nor "__index__()" is defined.\n'
-                 '\n'
-                 '   Changed in version 3.11: The delegation of "int()" to '
-                 '"__trunc__()"\n'
-                 '   is deprecated.\n'
+                 '   Changed in version 3.14: "int()" no longer delegates to '
+                 'the\n'
+                 '   "__trunc__()" method.\n'
                  '\n'
                  '\n'
                  'With Statement Context Managers\n'
@@ -12044,6 +12206,71 @@
                  '     ABC for buffer types.\n'
                  '\n'
                  '\n'
+                 'Annotations\n'
+                 '===========\n'
+                 '\n'
+                 'Functions, classes, and modules may contain *annotations*, '
+                 'which are a\n'
+                 'way to associate information (usually *type hints*) with a '
+                 'symbol.\n'
+                 '\n'
+                 'object.__annotations__\n'
+                 '\n'
+                 '   This attribute contains the annotations for an object. It '
+                 'is lazily\n'
+                 '   evaluated, so accessing the attribute may execute '
+                 'arbitrary code\n'
+                 '   and raise exceptions. If evaluation is successful, the '
+                 'attribute is\n'
+                 '   set to a dictionary mapping from variable names to '
+                 'annotations.\n'
+                 '\n'
+                 '   Changed in version 3.14: Annotations are now lazily '
+                 'evaluated.\n'
+                 '\n'
+                 'object.__annotate__(format)\n'
+                 '\n'
+                 '   An *annotate function*. Returns a new dictionary object '
+                 'mapping\n'
+                 '   attribute/parameter names to their annotation values.\n'
+                 '\n'
+                 '   Takes a format parameter specifying the format in which '
+                 'annotations\n'
+                 '   values should be provided. It must be a member of the\n'
+                 '   "annotationlib.Format" enum, or an integer with a value\n'
+                 '   corresponding to a member of the enum.\n'
+                 '\n'
+                 '   If an annotate function doesn’t support the requested '
+                 'format, it\n'
+                 '   must raise "NotImplementedError". Annotate functions must '
+                 'always\n'
+                 '   support "VALUE" format; they must not raise '
+                 '"NotImplementedError()"\n'
+                 '   when called with this format.\n'
+                 '\n'
+                 '   When called with  "VALUE" format, an annotate function '
+                 'may raise\n'
+                 '   "NameError"; it must not raise "NameError" when called '
+                 'requesting\n'
+                 '   any other format.\n'
+                 '\n'
+                 '   If an object does not have any annotations, '
+                 '"__annotate__" should\n'
+                 '   preferably be set to "None" (it can’t be deleted), rather '
+                 'than set\n'
+                 '   to a function that returns an empty dict.\n'
+                 '\n'
+                 '   Added in version 3.14.\n'
+                 '\n'
+                 'See also:\n'
+                 '\n'
+                 '  **PEP 649** — Deferred evaluation of annotation using '
+                 'descriptors\n'
+                 '     Introduces lazy evaluation of annotations and the '
+                 '"__annotate__"\n'
+                 '     function.\n'
+                 '\n'
+                 '\n'
                  'Special method lookup\n'
                  '=====================\n'
                  '\n'
@@ -12362,7 +12589,7 @@
                    'the\n'
                    '   "LC_NUMERIC" locale in some cases.\n'
                    '\n'
-                   'str.format_map(mapping)\n'
+                   'str.format_map(mapping, /)\n'
                    '\n'
                    '   Similar to "str.format(**mapping)", except that '
                    '"mapping" is used\n'
@@ -12790,11 +13017,11 @@
                    '   and are deemed to delimit empty strings (for example,\n'
                    '   "\'1,,2\'.split(\',\')" returns "[\'1\', \'\', '
                    '\'2\']").  The *sep* argument\n'
-                   '   may consist of multiple characters (for example,\n'
-                   '   "\'1<>2<>3\'.split(\'<>\')" returns "[\'1\', \'2\', '
-                   '\'3\']"). Splitting an\n'
-                   '   empty string with a specified separator returns '
-                   '"[\'\']".\n'
+                   '   may consist of multiple characters as a single '
+                   'delimiter (to split\n'
+                   '   with multiple delimiters, use "re.split()"). Splitting '
+                   'an empty\n'
+                   '   string with a specified separator returns "[\'\']".\n'
                    '\n'
                    '   For example:\n'
                    '\n'
@@ -12804,6 +13031,8 @@
                    "      ['1', '2,3']\n"
                    "      >>> '1,2,,3,'.split(',')\n"
                    "      ['1', '2', '', '3', '']\n"
+                   "      >>> '1<>2<>3<4'.split('<>')\n"
+                   "      ['1', '2', '3<4']\n"
                    '\n'
                    '   If *sep* is not specified or is "None", a different '
                    'splitting\n'
@@ -13146,15 +13375,13 @@
             'greater must be expressed with escapes.\n'
             '\n'
             'Both string and bytes literals may optionally be prefixed with a\n'
-            'letter "\'r\'" or "\'R\'"; such strings are called *raw strings* '
-            'and treat\n'
-            'backslashes as literal characters.  As a result, in string '
-            'literals,\n'
-            '"\'\\U\'" and "\'\\u\'" escapes in raw strings are not treated '
-            'specially.\n'
-            'Given that Python 2.x’s raw unicode literals behave differently '
-            'than\n'
-            'Python 3.x’s the "\'ur\'" syntax is not supported.\n'
+            'letter "\'r\'" or "\'R\'"; such constructs are called *raw '
+            'string\n'
+            'literals* and *raw bytes literals* respectively and treat '
+            'backslashes\n'
+            'as literal characters.  As a result, in raw string literals, '
+            '"\'\\U\'"\n'
+            'and "\'\\u\'" escapes are not treated specially.\n'
             '\n'
             'Added in version 3.3: The "\'rb\'" prefix of raw bytes literals '
             'has been\n'
@@ -13345,7 +13572,8 @@
                   '*generic\n'
                   'class* will generally return a GenericAlias object.\n'
                   '\n'
-                  '   subscription ::= primary "[" expression_list "]"\n'
+                  '   subscription ::= primary "[" flexible_expression_list '
+                  '"]"\n'
                   '\n'
                   'When an object is subscripted, the interpreter will '
                   'evaluate the\n'
@@ -13364,13 +13592,18 @@
                   'see\n'
                   '__class_getitem__ versus __getitem__.\n'
                   '\n'
-                  'If the expression list contains at least one comma, it will '
-                  'evaluate\n'
-                  'to a "tuple" containing the items of the expression list. '
-                  'Otherwise,\n'
-                  'the expression list will evaluate to the value of the '
-                  'list’s sole\n'
-                  'member.\n'
+                  'If the expression list contains at least one comma, or if '
+                  'any of the\n'
+                  'expressions are starred, the expression list will evaluate '
+                  'to a\n'
+                  '"tuple" containing the items of the expression list. '
+                  'Otherwise, the\n'
+                  'expression list will evaluate to the value of the list’s '
+                  'sole member.\n'
+                  '\n'
+                  'Changed in version 3.11: Expressions in an expression list '
+                  'may be\n'
+                  'starred. See **PEP 646**.\n'
                   '\n'
                   'For built-in objects, there are two types of objects that '
                   'support\n'
@@ -13484,14 +13717,15 @@
         'clauses in turn until one is found that matches the exception. An\n'
         'expression-less "except" clause, if present, must be last; it '
         'matches\n'
-        'any exception. For an "except" clause with an expression, that\n'
-        'expression is evaluated, and the clause matches the exception if the\n'
-        'resulting object is “compatible” with the exception.  An object is\n'
-        'compatible with an exception if the object is the class or a *non-\n'
-        'virtual base class* of the exception object, or a tuple containing '
-        'an\n'
-        'item that is the class or a non-virtual base class of the exception\n'
-        'object.\n'
+        'any exception.\n'
+        '\n'
+        'For an "except" clause with an expression, the expression must\n'
+        'evaluate to an exception type or a tuple of exception types. The\n'
+        'raised exception matches an "except" clause whose expression '
+        'evaluates\n'
+        'to the class or a *non-virtual base class* of the exception object, '
+        'or\n'
+        'to a tuple that contains such a class.\n'
         '\n'
         'If no "except" clause matches the exception, the search for an\n'
         'exception handler continues in the surrounding code and on the\n'
@@ -13620,12 +13854,13 @@
         '   ...\n'
         "   ExceptionGroup('', (BlockingIOError()))\n"
         '\n'
-        'An "except*" clause must have a matching type, and this type cannot '
-        'be\n'
-        'a subclass of "BaseExceptionGroup". It is not possible to mix '
-        '"except"\n'
-        'and "except*" in the same "try". "break", "continue" and "return"\n'
-        'cannot appear in an "except*" clause.\n'
+        'An "except*" clause must have a matching expression; it cannot be\n'
+        '"except*:". Furthermore, this expression cannot contain exception\n'
+        'group types, because that would have ambiguous semantics.\n'
+        '\n'
+        'It is not possible to mix "except" and "except*" in the same "try".\n'
+        '"break", "continue" and "return" cannot appear in an "except*" '
+        'clause.\n'
         '\n'
         '\n'
         '"else" clause\n'
@@ -13740,11 +13975,12 @@
           'See Implementing the arithmetic operations for more details.\n'
           '\n'
           'Changed in version 3.9: Evaluating "NotImplemented" in a boolean\n'
-          'context is deprecated. While it currently evaluates as true, it '
-          'will\n'
-          'emit a "DeprecationWarning". It will raise a "TypeError" in a '
-          'future\n'
-          'version of Python.\n'
+          'context was deprecated.\n'
+          '\n'
+          'Changed in version 3.14: Evaluating "NotImplemented" in a boolean\n'
+          'context now raises a "TypeError". It previously evaluated to '
+          '"True"\n'
+          'and emitted a "DeprecationWarning" since Python 3.9.\n'
           '\n'
           '\n'
           'Ellipsis\n'
@@ -13786,7 +14022,7 @@
           '\n'
           '* A sign is shown only when the number is negative.\n'
           '\n'
-          'Python distinguishes between integers, floating point numbers, and\n'
+          'Python distinguishes between integers, floating-point numbers, and\n'
           'complex numbers:\n'
           '\n'
           '\n'
@@ -13831,28 +14067,28 @@
           '"numbers.Real" ("float")\n'
           '------------------------\n'
           '\n'
-          'These represent machine-level double precision floating point '
+          'These represent machine-level double precision floating-point '
           'numbers.\n'
           'You are at the mercy of the underlying machine architecture (and C '
           'or\n'
           'Java implementation) for the accepted range and handling of '
           'overflow.\n'
-          'Python does not support single-precision floating point numbers; '
+          'Python does not support single-precision floating-point numbers; '
           'the\n'
           'savings in processor and memory usage that are usually the reason '
           'for\n'
           'using these are dwarfed by the overhead of using objects in Python, '
           'so\n'
           'there is no reason to complicate the language with two kinds of\n'
-          'floating point numbers.\n'
+          'floating-point numbers.\n'
           '\n'
           '\n'
           '"numbers.Complex" ("complex")\n'
           '-----------------------------\n'
           '\n'
           'These represent complex numbers as a pair of machine-level double\n'
-          'precision floating point numbers.  The same caveats apply as for\n'
-          'floating point numbers. The real and imaginary parts of a complex\n'
+          'precision floating-point numbers.  The same caveats apply as for\n'
+          'floating-point numbers. The real and imaginary parts of a complex\n'
           'number "z" can be retrieved through the read-only attributes '
           '"z.real"\n'
           'and "z.imag".\n'
@@ -14046,8 +14282,7 @@
           'however removing a key and re-inserting it will add it to the end\n'
           'instead of keeping its old place.\n'
           '\n'
-          'Dictionaries are mutable; they can be created by the "{...}" '
-          'notation\n'
+          'Dictionaries are mutable; they can be created by the "{}" notation\n'
           '(see section Dictionary displays).\n'
           '\n'
           'The extension modules "dbm.ndbm" and "dbm.gnu" provide additional\n'
@@ -14097,13 +14332,15 @@
           '| function.__closure__                               | "None" or a '
           '"tuple" of cells that contain bindings |\n'
           '|                                                    | for the '
-          'function’s free variables.  A cell object  |\n'
-          '|                                                    | has the '
-          'attribute "cell_contents". This can be     |\n'
-          '|                                                    | used to get '
-          'the value of the cell, as well as set  |\n'
-          '|                                                    | the '
-          'value.                                         |\n'
+          'names specified in the "co_freevars"       |\n'
+          '|                                                    | attribute of '
+          'the function’s "code object".  A cell |\n'
+          '|                                                    | object has '
+          'the attribute "cell_contents". This can |\n'
+          '|                                                    | be used to '
+          'get the value of the cell, as well as   |\n'
+          '|                                                    | set the '
+          'value.                                     |\n'
           '+----------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+\n'
           '\n'
           '\n'
@@ -14118,8 +14355,8 @@
           '|====================================================|====================================================|\n'
           '| function.__doc__                                   | The '
           'function’s documentation string, or "None" if  |\n'
-          '|                                                    | unavailable. '
-          'Not inherited by subclasses.          |\n'
+          '|                                                    | '
+          'unavailable.                                       |\n'
           '+----------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+\n'
           '| function.__name__                                  | The '
           'function’s name. See also: "__name__           |\n'
@@ -14160,9 +14397,20 @@
           '|                                                    | parameter '
           'names, and "\'return\'" for the return     |\n'
           '|                                                    | annotation, '
-          'if provided. See also: Annotations     |\n'
-          '|                                                    | Best '
-          'Practices.                                    |\n'
+          'if provided. See also:                 |\n'
+          '|                                                    | '
+          '"object.__annotations__".  Changed in version      |\n'
+          '|                                                    | 3.14: '
+          'Annotations are now lazily evaluated. See    |\n'
+          '|                                                    | **PEP '
+          '649**.                                       |\n'
+          '+----------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+\n'
+          '| function.__annotate__                              | The '
+          '*annotate function* for this function, or      |\n'
+          '|                                                    | "None" if '
+          'the function has no annotations. See     |\n'
+          '|                                                    | '
+          '"object.__annotate__".  Added in version 3.14.     |\n'
           '+----------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+\n'
           '| function.__kwdefaults__                            | A '
           '"dictionary" containing defaults for keyword-    |\n'
@@ -14267,21 +14515,10 @@
           'to\n'
           'calling "f(C,1)" where "f" is the underlying function.\n'
           '\n'
-          'Note that the transformation from function object to instance '
-          'method\n'
-          'object happens each time the attribute is retrieved from the '
-          'instance.\n'
-          'In some cases, a fruitful optimization is to assign the attribute '
-          'to a\n'
-          'local variable and call that local variable. Also notice that this\n'
-          'transformation only happens for user-defined functions; other '
-          'callable\n'
-          'objects (and all non-callable objects) are retrieved without\n'
-          'transformation.  It is also important to note that user-defined\n'
-          'functions which are attributes of a class instance are not '
-          'converted\n'
-          'to bound methods; this *only* happens when the function is an\n'
-          'attribute of the class.\n'
+          'It is important to note that user-defined functions which are\n'
+          'attributes of a class instance are not converted to bound methods;\n'
+          'this *only* happens when the function is an attribute of the '
+          'class.\n'
           '\n'
           '\n'
           'Generator functions\n'
@@ -14418,43 +14655,279 @@
           'e.g.,\n'
           '"m.x = 1" is equivalent to "m.__dict__["x"] = 1".\n'
           '\n'
-          'Predefined (writable) attributes:\n'
           '\n'
-          '   "__name__"\n'
-          '      The module’s name.\n'
+          'Import-related attributes on module objects\n'
+          '-------------------------------------------\n'
+          '\n'
+          'Module objects have the following attributes that relate to the '
+          'import\n'
+          'system. When a module is created using the machinery associated '
+          'with\n'
+          'the import system, these attributes are filled in based on the\n'
+          'module’s *spec*, before the *loader* executes and loads the '
+          'module.\n'
+          '\n'
+          'To create a module dynamically rather than using the import '
+          'system,\n'
+          'it’s recommended to use "importlib.util.module_from_spec()", which\n'
+          'will set the various import-controlled attributes to appropriate\n'
+          'values. It’s also possible to use the "types.ModuleType" '
+          'constructor\n'
+          'to create modules directly, but this technique is more error-prone, '
+          'as\n'
+          'most attributes must be manually set on the module object after it '
+          'has\n'
+          'been created when using this approach.\n'
+          '\n'
+          'Caution:\n'
+          '\n'
+          '  With the exception of "__name__", it is **strongly** recommended\n'
+          '  that you rely on "__spec__" and its attributes instead of any of '
+          'the\n'
+          '  other individual attributes listed in this subsection. Note that\n'
+          '  updating an attribute on "__spec__" will not update the\n'
+          '  corresponding attribute on the module itself:\n'
+          '\n'
+          '     >>> import typing\n'
+          '     >>> typing.__name__, typing.__spec__.name\n'
+          "     ('typing', 'typing')\n"
+          "     >>> typing.__spec__.name = 'spelling'\n"
+          '     >>> typing.__name__, typing.__spec__.name\n'
+          "     ('typing', 'spelling')\n"
+          "     >>> typing.__name__ = 'keyboard_smashing'\n"
+          '     >>> typing.__name__, typing.__spec__.name\n'
+          "     ('keyboard_smashing', 'spelling')\n"
+          '\n'
+          'module.__name__\n'
+          '\n'
+          '   The name used to uniquely identify the module in the import '
+          'system.\n'
+          '   For a directly executed module, this will be set to '
+          '""__main__"".\n'
+          '\n'
+          '   This attribute must be set to the fully qualified name of the\n'
+          '   module. It is expected to match the value of\n'
+          '   "module.__spec__.name".\n'
+          '\n'
+          'module.__spec__\n'
+          '\n'
+          '   A record of the module’s import-system-related state.\n'
+          '\n'
+          '   Set to the "module spec" that was used when importing the '
+          'module.\n'
+          '   See Module specs for more details.\n'
+          '\n'
+          '   Added in version 3.4.\n'
+          '\n'
+          'module.__package__\n'
+          '\n'
+          '   The *package* a module belongs to.\n'
+          '\n'
+          '   If the module is top-level (that is, not a part of any specific\n'
+          '   package) then the attribute should be set to "\'\'" (the empty\n'
+          '   string). Otherwise, it should be set to the name of the '
+          'module’s\n'
+          '   package (which can be equal to "module.__name__" if the module\n'
+          '   itself is a package). See **PEP 366** for further details.\n'
+          '\n'
+          '   This attribute is used instead of "__name__" to calculate '
+          'explicit\n'
+          '   relative imports for main modules. It defaults to "None" for\n'
+          '   modules created dynamically using the "types.ModuleType"\n'
+          '   constructor; use "importlib.util.module_from_spec()" instead to\n'
+          '   ensure the attribute is set to a "str".\n'
+          '\n'
+          '   It is **strongly** recommended that you use\n'
+          '   "module.__spec__.parent" instead of "module.__package__".\n'
+          '   "__package__" is now only used as a fallback if '
+          '"__spec__.parent"\n'
+          '   is not set, and this fallback path is deprecated.\n'
+          '\n'
+          '   Changed in version 3.4: This attribute now defaults to "None" '
+          'for\n'
+          '   modules created dynamically using the "types.ModuleType"\n'
+          '   constructor. Previously the attribute was optional.\n'
+          '\n'
+          '   Changed in version 3.6: The value of "__package__" is expected '
+          'to\n'
+          '   be the same as "__spec__.parent". "__package__" is now only used '
+          'as\n'
+          '   a fallback during import resolution if "__spec__.parent" is not\n'
+          '   defined.\n'
+          '\n'
+          '   Changed in version 3.10: "ImportWarning" is raised if an import\n'
+          '   resolution falls back to "__package__" instead of\n'
+          '   "__spec__.parent".\n'
+          '\n'
+          '   Changed in version 3.12: Raise "DeprecationWarning" instead of\n'
+          '   "ImportWarning" when falling back to "__package__" during '
+          'import\n'
+          '   resolution.\n'
+          '\n'
+          '   Deprecated since version 3.13, will be removed in version 3.15:\n'
+          '   "__package__" will cease to be set or taken into consideration '
+          'by\n'
+          '   the import system or standard library.\n'
+          '\n'
+          'module.__loader__\n'
+          '\n'
+          '   The *loader* object that the import machinery used to load the\n'
+          '   module.\n'
           '\n'
-          '   "__doc__"\n'
-          '      The module’s documentation string, or "None" if unavailable.\n'
+          '   This attribute is mostly useful for introspection, but can be '
+          'used\n'
+          '   for additional loader-specific functionality, for example '
+          'getting\n'
+          '   data associated with a loader.\n'
+          '\n'
+          '   "__loader__" defaults to "None" for modules created dynamically\n'
+          '   using the "types.ModuleType" constructor; use\n'
+          '   "importlib.util.module_from_spec()" instead to ensure the '
+          'attribute\n'
+          '   is set to a *loader* object.\n'
           '\n'
-          '   "__file__"\n'
-          '      The pathname of the file from which the module was loaded, if '
-          'it\n'
-          '      was loaded from a file. The "__file__" attribute may be '
-          'missing\n'
-          '      for certain types of modules, such as C modules that are\n'
-          '      statically linked into the interpreter.  For extension '
+          '   It is **strongly** recommended that you use\n'
+          '   "module.__spec__.loader" instead of "module.__loader__".\n'
+          '\n'
+          '   Changed in version 3.4: This attribute now defaults to "None" '
+          'for\n'
+          '   modules created dynamically using the "types.ModuleType"\n'
+          '   constructor. Previously the attribute was optional.\n'
+          '\n'
+          '   Deprecated since version 3.12, removed in version 3.14: Setting\n'
+          '   "__loader__" on a module while failing to set "__spec__.loader" '
+          'is\n'
+          '   deprecated. In Python 3.14, "__loader__" will cease to be set '
+          'or\n'
+          '   taken into consideration by the import system or the standard\n'
+          '   library.\n'
+          '\n'
+          'module.__path__\n'
+          '\n'
+          '   A (possibly empty) *sequence* of strings enumerating the '
+          'locations\n'
+          '   where the package’s submodules will be found. Non-package '
           'modules\n'
-          '      loaded dynamically from a shared library, it’s the pathname '
-          'of\n'
-          '      the shared library file.\n'
+          '   should not have a "__path__" attribute. See __path__ attributes '
+          'on\n'
+          '   modules for more details.\n'
           '\n'
-          '   "__annotations__"\n'
-          '      A dictionary containing *variable annotations* collected '
-          'during\n'
-          '      module body execution.  For best practices on working with\n'
-          '      "__annotations__", please see Annotations Best Practices.\n'
+          '   It is **strongly** recommended that you use\n'
+          '   "module.__spec__.submodule_search_locations" instead of\n'
+          '   "module.__path__".\n'
           '\n'
-          'Special read-only attribute: "__dict__" is the module’s namespace '
-          'as a\n'
-          'dictionary object.\n'
+          'module.__file__\n'
           '\n'
-          '**CPython implementation detail:** Because of the way CPython '
-          'clears\n'
-          'module dictionaries, the module dictionary will be cleared when '
+          'module.__cached__\n'
+          '\n'
+          '   "__file__" and "__cached__" are both optional attributes that '
+          'may\n'
+          '   or may not be set. Both attributes should be a "str" when they '
+          'are\n'
+          '   available.\n'
+          '\n'
+          '   "__file__" indicates the pathname of the file from which the '
+          'module\n'
+          '   was loaded (if loaded from a file), or the pathname of the '
+          'shared\n'
+          '   library file for extension modules loaded dynamically from a '
+          'shared\n'
+          '   library. It might be missing for certain types of modules, such '
+          'as\n'
+          '   C modules that are statically linked into the interpreter, and '
           'the\n'
-          'module falls out of scope even if the dictionary still has live\n'
-          'references.  To avoid this, copy the dictionary or keep the module\n'
-          'around while using its dictionary directly.\n'
+          '   import system may opt to leave it unset if it has no semantic\n'
+          '   meaning (for example, a module loaded from a database).\n'
+          '\n'
+          '   If "__file__" is set then the "__cached__" attribute might also '
+          'be\n'
+          '   set,  which is the path to any compiled version of the code '
+          '(for\n'
+          '   example, a byte-compiled file). The file does not need to exist '
+          'to\n'
+          '   set this attribute; the path can simply point to where the '
+          'compiled\n'
+          '   file *would* exist (see **PEP 3147**).\n'
+          '\n'
+          '   Note that "__cached__" may be set even if "__file__" is not '
+          'set.\n'
+          '   However, that scenario is quite atypical.  Ultimately, the '
+          '*loader*\n'
+          '   is what makes use of the module spec provided by the *finder* '
+          '(from\n'
+          '   which "__file__" and "__cached__" are derived).  So if a loader '
+          'can\n'
+          '   load from a cached module but otherwise does not load from a '
+          'file,\n'
+          '   that atypical scenario may be appropriate.\n'
+          '\n'
+          '   It is **strongly** recommended that you use\n'
+          '   "module.__spec__.cached" instead of "module.__cached__".\n'
+          '\n'
+          '   Deprecated since version 3.13, will be removed in version 3.15:\n'
+          '   Setting "__cached__" on a module while failing to set\n'
+          '   "__spec__.cached" is deprecated. In Python 3.15, "__cached__" '
+          'will\n'
+          '   cease to be set or taken into consideration by the import system '
+          'or\n'
+          '   standard library.\n'
+          '\n'
+          '\n'
+          'Other writable attributes on module objects\n'
+          '-------------------------------------------\n'
+          '\n'
+          'As well as the import-related attributes listed above, module '
+          'objects\n'
+          'also have the following writable attributes:\n'
+          '\n'
+          'module.__doc__\n'
+          '\n'
+          '   The module’s documentation string, or "None" if unavailable. '
+          'See\n'
+          '   also: "__doc__ attributes".\n'
+          '\n'
+          'module.__annotations__\n'
+          '\n'
+          '   A dictionary containing *variable annotations* collected during\n'
+          '   module body execution.  For best practices on working with\n'
+          '   "__annotations__", see "annotationlib".\n'
+          '\n'
+          '   Changed in version 3.14: Annotations are now lazily evaluated. '
+          'See\n'
+          '   **PEP 649**.\n'
+          '\n'
+          'module.__annotate__\n'
+          '\n'
+          '   The *annotate function* for this module, or "None" if the '
+          'module\n'
+          '   has no annotations. See also: "__annotate__" attributes.\n'
+          '\n'
+          '   Added in version 3.14.\n'
+          '\n'
+          '\n'
+          'Module dictionaries\n'
+          '-------------------\n'
+          '\n'
+          'Module objects also have the following special read-only '
+          'attribute:\n'
+          '\n'
+          'module.__dict__\n'
+          '\n'
+          '   The module’s namespace as a dictionary object. Uniquely among '
+          'the\n'
+          '   attributes listed here, "__dict__" cannot be accessed as a '
+          'global\n'
+          '   variable from within a module; it can only be accessed as an\n'
+          '   attribute on module objects.\n'
+          '\n'
+          '   **CPython implementation detail:** Because of the way CPython\n'
+          '   clears module dictionaries, the module dictionary will be '
+          'cleared\n'
+          '   when the module falls out of scope even if the dictionary still '
+          'has\n'
+          '   live references.  To avoid this, copy the dictionary or keep '
+          'the\n'
+          '   module around while using its dictionary directly.\n'
           '\n'
           '\n'
           'Custom classes\n'
@@ -14500,41 +14973,147 @@
           'A class object can be called (see above) to yield a class instance\n'
           '(see below).\n'
           '\n'
-          'Special attributes:\n'
           '\n'
-          '   "__name__"\n'
-          '      The class name.\n'
+          'Special attributes\n'
+          '------------------\n'
           '\n'
-          '   "__module__"\n'
-          '      The name of the module in which the class was defined.\n'
+          '+----------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+\n'
+          '| Attribute                                          | '
+          'Meaning                                            |\n'
+          '|====================================================|====================================================|\n'
+          '| type.__name__                                      | The class’s '
+          'name. See also: "__name__ attributes". |\n'
+          '+----------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+\n'
+          '| type.__qualname__                                  | The class’s '
+          '*qualified name*. See also:            |\n'
+          '|                                                    | '
+          '"__qualname__ attributes".                         |\n'
+          '+----------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+\n'
+          '| type.__module__                                    | The name of '
+          'the module in which the class was      |\n'
+          '|                                                    | '
+          'defined.                                           |\n'
+          '+----------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+\n'
+          '| type.__dict__                                      | A "mapping '
+          'proxy" providing a read-only view of    |\n'
+          '|                                                    | the class’s '
+          'namespace. See also: "__dict__         |\n'
+          '|                                                    | '
+          'attributes".                                       |\n'
+          '+----------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+\n'
+          '| type.__bases__                                     | A "tuple" '
+          'containing the class’s bases. In most    |\n'
+          '|                                                    | cases, for a '
+          'class defined as "class X(A, B, C)",  |\n'
+          '|                                                    | '
+          '"X.__bases__" will be exactly equal to "(A, B,     |\n'
+          '|                                                    | '
+          'C)".                                               |\n'
+          '+----------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+\n'
+          '| type.__doc__                                       | The class’s '
+          'documentation string, or "None" if     |\n'
+          '|                                                    | undefined. '
+          'Not inherited by subclasses.            |\n'
+          '+----------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+\n'
+          '| type.__annotations__                               | A dictionary '
+          'containing *variable annotations*     |\n'
+          '|                                                    | collected '
+          'during class body execution. See also:   |\n'
+          '|                                                    | '
+          '"__annotations__ attributes".  For best practices  |\n'
+          '|                                                    | on working '
+          'with "__annotations__", please see      |\n'
+          '|                                                    | '
+          '"annotationlib".  Caution:   Accessing the         |\n'
+          '|                                                    | '
+          '"__annotations__" attribute of a class object      |\n'
+          '|                                                    | directly may '
+          'yield incorrect results in the        |\n'
+          '|                                                    | presence of '
+          'metaclasses. In addition, the          |\n'
+          '|                                                    | attribute '
+          'may not exist for some classes. Use      |\n'
+          '|                                                    | '
+          '"annotationlib.get_annotations()" to retrieve      |\n'
+          '|                                                    | class '
+          'annotations safely.  Changed in version      |\n'
+          '|                                                    | 3.14: '
+          'Annotations are now lazily evaluated. See    |\n'
+          '|                                                    | **PEP '
+          '649**.                                       |\n'
+          '+----------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+\n'
+          '| type.__annotate__()                                | The '
+          '*annotate function* for this class, or "None"  |\n'
+          '|                                                    | if the class '
+          'has no annotations. See also:         |\n'
+          '|                                                    | '
+          '"__annotate__ attributes".  Caution:   Accessing   |\n'
+          '|                                                    | the '
+          '"__annotate__" attribute of a class object     |\n'
+          '|                                                    | directly may '
+          'yield incorrect results in the        |\n'
+          '|                                                    | presence of '
+          'metaclasses. Use                       |\n'
+          '|                                                    | '
+          '"annotationlib.get_annotate_function()" to         |\n'
+          '|                                                    | retrieve the '
+          'annotate function safely.  Added in   |\n'
+          '|                                                    | version '
+          '3.14.                                      |\n'
+          '+----------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+\n'
+          '| type.__type_params__                               | A "tuple" '
+          'containing the type parameters of a      |\n'
+          '|                                                    | generic '
+          'class.  Added in version 3.12.             |\n'
+          '+----------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+\n'
+          '| type.__static_attributes__                         | A "tuple" '
+          'containing names of attributes of this   |\n'
+          '|                                                    | class which '
+          'are assigned through "self.X" from any |\n'
+          '|                                                    | function in '
+          'its body.  Added in version 3.13.      |\n'
+          '+----------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+\n'
+          '| type.__firstlineno__                               | The line '
+          'number of the first line of the class     |\n'
+          '|                                                    | definition, '
+          'including decorators. Setting the      |\n'
+          '|                                                    | "__module__" '
+          'attribute removes the                 |\n'
+          '|                                                    | '
+          '"__firstlineno__" item from the type’s dictionary. |\n'
+          '|                                                    | Added in '
+          'version 3.13.                             |\n'
+          '+----------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+\n'
+          '| type.__mro__                                       | The "tuple" '
+          'of classes that are considered when    |\n'
+          '|                                                    | looking for '
+          'base classes during method resolution. |\n'
+          '+----------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+\n'
           '\n'
-          '   "__dict__"\n'
-          '      The dictionary containing the class’s namespace.\n'
           '\n'
-          '   "__bases__"\n'
-          '      A tuple containing the base classes, in the order of their\n'
-          '      occurrence in the base class list.\n'
+          'Special methods\n'
+          '---------------\n'
+          '\n'
+          'In addition to the special attributes described above, all Python\n'
+          'classes also have the following two methods available:\n'
           '\n'
-          '   "__doc__"\n'
-          '      The class’s documentation string, or "None" if undefined.\n'
+          'type.mro()\n'
           '\n'
-          '   "__annotations__"\n'
-          '      A dictionary containing *variable annotations* collected '
-          'during\n'
-          '      class body execution.  For best practices on working with\n'
-          '      "__annotations__", please see Annotations Best Practices.\n'
+          '   This method can be overridden by a metaclass to customize the\n'
+          '   method resolution order for its instances.  It is called at '
+          'class\n'
+          '   instantiation, and its result is stored in "__mro__".\n'
           '\n'
-          '   "__type_params__"\n'
-          '      A tuple containing the type parameters of a generic class.\n'
+          'type.__subclasses__()\n'
           '\n'
-          '   "__static_attributes__"\n'
-          '      A tuple containing names of attributes of this class which '
-          'are\n'
-          '      accessed through "self.X" from any function in its body.\n'
+          '   Each class keeps a list of weak references to its immediate\n'
+          '   subclasses. This method returns a list of all those references\n'
+          '   still alive. The list is in definition order. Example:\n'
           '\n'
-          '   "__firstlineno__"\n'
-          '      The line number of the first line of the class definition,\n'
-          '      including decorators.\n'
+          '      >>> class A: pass\n'
+          '      >>> class B(A): pass\n'
+          '      >>> A.__subclasses__()\n'
+          "      [<class 'B'>]\n"
           '\n'
           '\n'
           'Class instances\n'
@@ -14574,8 +15153,19 @@
           'they have methods with certain special names.  See section Special\n'
           'method names.\n'
           '\n'
-          'Special attributes: "__dict__" is the attribute dictionary;\n'
-          '"__class__" is the instance’s class.\n'
+          '\n'
+          'Special attributes\n'
+          '------------------\n'
+          '\n'
+          'object.__class__\n'
+          '\n'
+          '   The class to which a class instance belongs.\n'
+          '\n'
+          'object.__dict__\n'
+          '\n'
+          '   A dictionary or other mapping object used to store an object’s\n'
+          '   (writable) attributes. Not all instances have a "__dict__"\n'
+          '   attribute; see the section on __slots__ for more details.\n'
           '\n'
           '\n'
           'I/O objects (also known as file objects)\n'
@@ -14674,14 +15264,20 @@
           '| codeobject.co_cellvars                             | A "tuple" '
           'containing the names of local variables  |\n'
           '|                                                    | that are '
-          'referenced by nested functions inside the |\n'
-          '|                                                    | '
-          'function                                           |\n'
+          'referenced from at least one *nested      |\n'
+          '|                                                    | scope* '
+          'inside the function                         |\n'
           '+----------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+\n'
           '| codeobject.co_freevars                             | A "tuple" '
-          'containing the names of free variables   |\n'
-          '|                                                    | in the '
-          'function                                    |\n'
+          'containing the names of *free (closure)  |\n'
+          '|                                                    | variables* '
+          'that a *nested scope* references in an  |\n'
+          '|                                                    | outer scope. '
+          'See also "function.__closure__".      |\n'
+          '|                                                    | Note: '
+          'references to global and builtin names are   |\n'
+          '|                                                    | *not* '
+          'included.                                    |\n'
           '+----------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+\n'
           '| codeobject.co_code                                 | A string '
           'representing the sequence of *bytecode*   |\n'
@@ -14766,10 +15362,10 @@
           '   The iterator returns "tuple"s containing the "(start_line,\n'
           '   end_line, start_column, end_column)". The *i-th* tuple '
           'corresponds\n'
-          '   to the position of the source code that compiled to the *i-th*\n'
-          '   instruction. Column information is 0-indexed utf-8 byte offsets '
-          'on\n'
-          '   the given source line.\n'
+          '   to the position of the source code that compiled to the *i-th* '
+          'code\n'
+          '   unit. Column information is 0-indexed utf-8 byte offsets on the\n'
+          '   given source line.\n'
           '\n'
           '   This positional information can be missing. A non-exhaustive '
           'lists\n'
@@ -14894,16 +15490,16 @@
           '|                                                    | '
           '""f_code"".                                        |\n'
           '+----------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+\n'
-          '| frame.f_locals                                     | The '
-          'dictionary used by the frame to look up local  |\n'
+          '| frame.f_locals                                     | The mapping '
+          'used by the frame to look up local     |\n'
           '|                                                    | variables. '
-          'If the frame refers to a function or    |\n'
-          '|                                                    | '
-          'comprehension, this may return a write- through    |\n'
-          '|                                                    | proxy '
-          'object.  Changed in version 3.13: Return a   |\n'
-          '|                                                    | proxy for '
-          'functions and comprehensions.            |\n'
+          'If the frame refers to an *optimized    |\n'
+          '|                                                    | scope*, this '
+          'may return a write-through proxy      |\n'
+          '|                                                    | object.  '
+          'Changed in version 3.13: Return a proxy   |\n'
+          '|                                                    | for '
+          'optimized scopes.                              |\n'
           '+----------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+\n'
           '| frame.f_globals                                    | The '
           'dictionary used by the frame to look up global |\n'
@@ -15185,21 +15781,23 @@
                  '\n'
                  '   If no positional argument is given, an empty dictionary '
                  'is created.\n'
-                 '   If a positional argument is given and it is a mapping '
-                 'object, a\n'
-                 '   dictionary is created with the same key-value pairs as '
-                 'the mapping\n'
-                 '   object.  Otherwise, the positional argument must be an '
-                 '*iterable*\n'
-                 '   object.  Each item in the iterable must itself be an '
-                 'iterable with\n'
-                 '   exactly two objects.  The first object of each item '
-                 'becomes a key\n'
-                 '   in the new dictionary, and the second object the '
-                 'corresponding\n'
-                 '   value.  If a key occurs more than once, the last value '
-                 'for that key\n'
-                 '   becomes the corresponding value in the new dictionary.\n'
+                 '   If a positional argument is given and it defines a '
+                 '"keys()" method,\n'
+                 '   a dictionary is created by calling "__getitem__()" on the '
+                 'argument\n'
+                 '   with each returned key from the method.  Otherwise, the '
+                 'positional\n'
+                 '   argument must be an *iterable* object.  Each item in the '
+                 'iterable\n'
+                 '   must itself be an iterable with exactly two elements.  '
+                 'The first\n'
+                 '   element of each item becomes a key in the new dictionary, '
+                 'and the\n'
+                 '   second element the corresponding value.  If a key occurs '
+                 'more than\n'
+                 '   once, the last value for that key becomes the '
+                 'corresponding value\n'
+                 '   in the new dictionary.\n'
                  '\n'
                  '   If keyword arguments are given, the keyword arguments and '
                  'their\n'
@@ -15312,7 +15910,7 @@
                  '\n'
                  '      Return a shallow copy of the dictionary.\n'
                  '\n'
-                 '   classmethod fromkeys(iterable[, value])\n'
+                 '   classmethod fromkeys(iterable, value=None, /)\n'
                  '\n'
                  '      Create a new dictionary with keys from *iterable* and '
                  'values set\n'
@@ -15328,7 +15926,7 @@
                  'distinct\n'
                  '      values, use a dict comprehension instead.\n'
                  '\n'
-                 '   get(key[, default])\n'
+                 '   get(key, default=None)\n'
                  '\n'
                  '      Return the value for *key* if *key* is in the '
                  'dictionary, else\n'
@@ -15380,7 +15978,7 @@
                  '\n'
                  '      Added in version 3.8.\n'
                  '\n'
-                 '   setdefault(key[, default])\n'
+                 '   setdefault(key, default=None)\n'
                  '\n'
                  '      If *key* is in the dictionary, return its value.  If '
                  'not, insert\n'
@@ -15394,15 +15992,17 @@
                  '*other*,\n'
                  '      overwriting existing keys.  Return "None".\n'
                  '\n'
-                 '      "update()" accepts either another dictionary object or '
-                 'an\n'
-                 '      iterable of key/value pairs (as tuples or other '
-                 'iterables of\n'
-                 '      length two).  If keyword arguments are specified, the '
-                 'dictionary\n'
-                 '      is then updated with those key/value pairs: '
-                 '"d.update(red=1,\n'
-                 '      blue=2)".\n'
+                 '      "update()" accepts either another object with a '
+                 '"keys()" method\n'
+                 '      (in which case "__getitem__()" is called with every '
+                 'key returned\n'
+                 '      from the method). or an iterable of key/value pairs '
+                 '(as tuples\n'
+                 '      or other iterables of length two). If keyword '
+                 'arguments are\n'
+                 '      specified, the dictionary is then updated with those '
+                 'key/value\n'
+                 '      pairs: "d.update(red=1, blue=2)".\n'
                  '\n'
                  '   values()\n'
                  '\n'
@@ -16067,8 +16667,8 @@
              '|                                | also removes it from '
              '*s*         |                       |\n'
              '+--------------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------------------+\n'
-             '| "s.remove(x)"                  | remove the first item from '
-             '*s*   | (3)                   |\n'
+             '| "s.remove(x)"                  | removes the first item from '
+             '*s*  | (3)                   |\n'
              '|                                | where "s[i]" is equal to '
              '*x*     |                       |\n'
              '+--------------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------------------+\n'
@@ -16080,7 +16680,9 @@
              '\n'
              'Notes:\n'
              '\n'
-             '1. *t* must have the same length as the slice it is replacing.\n'
+             '1. If *k* is not equal to "1", *t* must have the same length as '
+             'the\n'
+             '   slice it is replacing.\n'
              '\n'
              '2. The optional argument *i* defaults to "-1", so that by '
              'default the\n'
@@ -16437,7 +17039,7 @@
              '\n'
              '  * The linspace recipe shows how to implement a lazy version of '
              'range\n'
-             '    suitable for floating point applications.\n',
+             '    suitable for floating-point applications.\n',
  'typesseq-mutable': 'Mutable Sequence Types\n'
                      '**********************\n'
                      '\n'
@@ -16530,8 +17132,8 @@
                      '|                                | also removes it from '
                      '*s*         |                       |\n'
                      '+--------------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------------------+\n'
-                     '| "s.remove(x)"                  | remove the first item '
-                     'from *s*   | (3)                   |\n'
+                     '| "s.remove(x)"                  | removes the first '
+                     'item from *s*  | (3)                   |\n'
                      '|                                | where "s[i]" is equal '
                      'to *x*     |                       |\n'
                      '+--------------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------------------+\n'
@@ -16544,8 +17146,9 @@
                      '\n'
                      'Notes:\n'
                      '\n'
-                     '1. *t* must have the same length as the slice it is '
-                     'replacing.\n'
+                     '1. If *k* is not equal to "1", *t* must have the same '
+                     'length as the\n'
+                     '   slice it is replacing.\n'
                      '\n'
                      '2. The optional argument *i* defaults to "-1", so that '
                      'by default the\n'
diff --git a/Lib/random.py b/Lib/random.py
index bcc11c7cd3c208..8b9a270c429e4a 100644
--- a/Lib/random.py
+++ b/Lib/random.py
@@ -1013,7 +1013,7 @@ def _parse_args(arg_list: list[str] | None):
         help="print a random integer between 1 and N inclusive")
     group.add_argument(
         "-f", "--float", type=float, metavar="N",
-        help="print a random floating point number between 1 and N inclusive")
+        help="print a random floating-point number between 0 and N inclusive")
     group.add_argument(
         "--test", type=int, const=10_000, nargs="?",
         help=argparse.SUPPRESS)
@@ -1038,7 +1038,7 @@ def main(arg_list: list[str] | None = None) -> int | str:
         return randint(1, args.integer)
 
     if args.float is not None:
-        return uniform(1, args.float)
+        return uniform(0, args.float)
 
     if args.test:
         _test(args.test)
@@ -1055,7 +1055,7 @@ def main(arg_list: list[str] | None = None) -> int | str:
             try:
                 # Is it a float?
                 val = float(val)
-                return uniform(1, val)
+                return uniform(0, val)
             except ValueError:
                 # Split in case of space-separated string: "a b c"
                 return choice(val.split())
diff --git a/Lib/re/_casefix.py b/Lib/re/_casefix.py
index 06507d08bee02b..fed2d84fc01473 100644
--- a/Lib/re/_casefix.py
+++ b/Lib/re/_casefix.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Auto-generated by Tools/scripts/generate_re_casefix.py.
+# Auto-generated by Tools/build/generate_re_casefix.py.
 
 # Maps the code of lowercased character to codes of different lowercased
 # characters which have the same uppercase.
diff --git a/Lib/re/_compiler.py b/Lib/re/_compiler.py
index 7b888f877eb3dc..29109f8812ee7b 100644
--- a/Lib/re/_compiler.py
+++ b/Lib/re/_compiler.py
@@ -28,6 +28,8 @@
     POSSESSIVE_REPEAT: (POSSESSIVE_REPEAT, SUCCESS, POSSESSIVE_REPEAT_ONE),
 }
 
+_CHARSET_ALL = [(NEGATE, None)]
+
 def _combine_flags(flags, add_flags, del_flags,
                    TYPE_FLAGS=_parser.TYPE_FLAGS):
     if add_flags & TYPE_FLAGS:
@@ -84,17 +86,22 @@ def _compile(code, pattern, flags):
                     code[skip] = _len(code) - skip
         elif op is IN:
             charset, hascased = _optimize_charset(av, iscased, tolower, fixes)
-            if flags & SRE_FLAG_IGNORECASE and flags & SRE_FLAG_LOCALE:
-                emit(IN_LOC_IGNORE)
-            elif not hascased:
-                emit(IN)
-            elif not fixes:  # ascii
-                emit(IN_IGNORE)
+            if not charset:
+                emit(FAILURE)
+            elif charset == _CHARSET_ALL:
+                emit(ANY_ALL)
             else:
-                emit(IN_UNI_IGNORE)
-            skip = _len(code); emit(0)
-            _compile_charset(charset, flags, code)
-            code[skip] = _len(code) - skip
+                if flags & SRE_FLAG_IGNORECASE and flags & SRE_FLAG_LOCALE:
+                    emit(IN_LOC_IGNORE)
+                elif not hascased:
+                    emit(IN)
+                elif not fixes:  # ascii
+                    emit(IN_IGNORE)
+                else:
+                    emit(IN_UNI_IGNORE)
+                skip = _len(code); emit(0)
+                _compile_charset(charset, flags, code)
+                code[skip] = _len(code) - skip
         elif op is ANY:
             if flags & SRE_FLAG_DOTALL:
                 emit(ANY_ALL)
@@ -277,6 +284,10 @@ def _optimize_charset(charset, iscased=None, fixup=None, fixes=None):
                             charmap[i] = 1
                 elif op is NEGATE:
                     out.append((op, av))
+                elif op is CATEGORY and tail and (CATEGORY, CH_NEGATE[av]) in tail:
+                    # Optimize [\s\S] etc.
+                    out = [] if out else _CHARSET_ALL
+                    return out, False
                 else:
                     tail.append((op, av))
             except IndexError:
@@ -519,13 +530,18 @@ def _compile_info(code, pattern, flags):
     # look for a literal prefix
     prefix = []
     prefix_skip = 0
-    charset = [] # not used
+    charset = None # not used
     if not (flags & SRE_FLAG_IGNORECASE and flags & SRE_FLAG_LOCALE):
         # look for literal prefix
         prefix, prefix_skip, got_all = _get_literal_prefix(pattern, flags)
         # if no prefix, look for charset prefix
         if not prefix:
             charset = _get_charset_prefix(pattern, flags)
+            if charset:
+                charset, hascased = _optimize_charset(charset)
+                assert not hascased
+                if charset == _CHARSET_ALL:
+                    charset = None
 ##     if prefix:
 ##         print("*** PREFIX", prefix, prefix_skip)
 ##     if charset:
@@ -560,8 +576,6 @@ def _compile_info(code, pattern, flags):
         # generate overlap table
         code.extend(_generate_overlap_table(prefix))
     elif charset:
-        charset, hascased = _optimize_charset(charset)
-        assert not hascased
         _compile_charset(charset, flags, code)
     code[skip] = len(code) - skip
 
diff --git a/Lib/re/_constants.py b/Lib/re/_constants.py
index 9c3c294ba448b4..d6f32302d37b2d 100644
--- a/Lib/re/_constants.py
+++ b/Lib/re/_constants.py
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 
 MAGIC = 20230612
 
-from _sre import MAXREPEAT, MAXGROUPS
+from _sre import MAXREPEAT, MAXGROUPS  # noqa: F401
 
 # SRE standard exception (access as sre.error)
 # should this really be here?
@@ -206,6 +206,8 @@ def _makecodes(*names):
     CATEGORY_NOT_LINEBREAK: CATEGORY_UNI_NOT_LINEBREAK
 }
 
+CH_NEGATE = dict(zip(CHCODES[::2] + CHCODES[1::2], CHCODES[1::2] + CHCODES[::2]))
+
 # flags
 SRE_FLAG_IGNORECASE = 2 # case insensitive
 SRE_FLAG_LOCALE = 4 # honour system locale
diff --git a/Lib/re/_parser.py b/Lib/re/_parser.py
index f3c779340fe230..0990255b22c219 100644
--- a/Lib/re/_parser.py
+++ b/Lib/re/_parser.py
@@ -807,14 +807,6 @@ def _parse(source, state, verbose, nested, first=False):
                             state.grouprefpos[condgroup] = (
                                 source.tell() - len(condname) - 1
                             )
-                        if not (condname.isdecimal() and condname.isascii()):
-                            import warnings
-                            warnings.warn(
-                                "bad character in group name %s at position %d" %
-                                (repr(condname) if source.istext else ascii(condname),
-                                 source.tell() - len(condname) - 1),
-                                DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=nested + 6
-                            )
                     state.checklookbehindgroup(condgroup, source)
                     item_yes = _parse(source, state, verbose, nested + 1)
                     if source.match("|"):
@@ -1038,14 +1030,6 @@ def addgroup(index, pos):
                     if index >= MAXGROUPS:
                         raise s.error("invalid group reference %d" % index,
                                       len(name) + 1)
-                    if not (name.isdecimal() and name.isascii()):
-                        import warnings
-                        warnings.warn(
-                            "bad character in group name %s at position %d" %
-                            (repr(name) if s.istext else ascii(name),
-                             s.tell() - len(name) - 1),
-                            DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=5
-                        )
                 addgroup(index, len(name) + 1)
             elif c == "0":
                 if s.next in OCTDIGITS:
diff --git a/Lib/reprlib.py b/Lib/reprlib.py
index 05bb1a0eb01795..19dbe3a07eb618 100644
--- a/Lib/reprlib.py
+++ b/Lib/reprlib.py
@@ -36,6 +36,17 @@ def wrapper(self):
     return decorating_function
 
 class Repr:
+    _lookup = {
+        'tuple': 'builtins',
+        'list': 'builtins',
+        'array': 'array',
+        'set': 'builtins',
+        'frozenset': 'builtins',
+        'deque': 'collections',
+        'dict': 'builtins',
+        'str': 'builtins',
+        'int': 'builtins'
+    }
 
     def __init__(
         self, *, maxlevel=6, maxtuple=6, maxlist=6, maxarray=5, maxdict=4,
@@ -60,14 +71,24 @@ def repr(self, x):
         return self.repr1(x, self.maxlevel)
 
     def repr1(self, x, level):
-        typename = type(x).__name__
+        cls = type(x)
+        typename = cls.__name__
+
         if ' ' in typename:
             parts = typename.split()
             typename = '_'.join(parts)
-        if hasattr(self, 'repr_' + typename):
-            return getattr(self, 'repr_' + typename)(x, level)
-        else:
-            return self.repr_instance(x, level)
+
+        method = getattr(self, 'repr_' + typename, None)
+        if method:
+            # not defined in this class
+            if typename not in self._lookup:
+                return method(x, level)
+            module = getattr(cls, '__module__', None)
+            # defined in this class and is the module intended
+            if module == self._lookup[typename]:
+                return method(x, level)
+
+        return self.repr_instance(x, level)
 
     def _join(self, pieces, level):
         if self.indent is None:
diff --git a/Lib/sched.py b/Lib/sched.py
index 14613cf29874da..fb20639d459967 100644
--- a/Lib/sched.py
+++ b/Lib/sched.py
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 implement simulated time by writing your own functions.  This can
 also be used to integrate scheduling with STDWIN events; the delay
 function is allowed to modify the queue.  Time can be expressed as
-integers or floating point numbers, as long as it is consistent.
+integers or floating-point numbers, as long as it is consistent.
 
 Events are specified by tuples (time, priority, action, argument, kwargs).
 As in UNIX, lower priority numbers mean higher priority; in this
diff --git a/Lib/shutil.py b/Lib/shutil.py
index b0d49e98cfe5f9..dd3e0e0c5da54b 100644
--- a/Lib/shutil.py
+++ b/Lib/shutil.py
@@ -44,11 +44,11 @@
 else:
     _winapi = None
 
-COPY_BUFSIZE = 1024 * 1024 if _WINDOWS else 64 * 1024
+COPY_BUFSIZE = 1024 * 1024 if _WINDOWS else 256 * 1024
 # This should never be removed, see rationale in:
 # https://bugs.python.org/issue43743#msg393429
 _USE_CP_SENDFILE = (hasattr(os, "sendfile")
-                    and sys.platform.startswith(("linux", "android")))
+                    and sys.platform.startswith(("linux", "android", "sunos")))
 _HAS_FCOPYFILE = posix and hasattr(posix, "_fcopyfile")  # macOS
 
 # CMD defaults in Windows 10
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
 
 __all__ = ["copyfileobj", "copyfile", "copymode", "copystat", "copy", "copy2",
            "copytree", "move", "rmtree", "Error", "SpecialFileError",
-           "ExecError", "make_archive", "get_archive_formats",
+           "make_archive", "get_archive_formats",
            "register_archive_format", "unregister_archive_format",
            "get_unpack_formats", "register_unpack_format",
            "unregister_unpack_format", "unpack_archive",
@@ -74,8 +74,6 @@ class SpecialFileError(OSError):
     """Raised when trying to do a kind of operation (e.g. copying) which is
     not supported on a special file (e.g. a named pipe)"""
 
-class ExecError(OSError):
-    """Raised when a command could not be executed"""
 
 class ReadError(OSError):
     """Raised when an archive cannot be read"""
@@ -112,7 +110,7 @@ def _fastcopy_fcopyfile(fsrc, fdst, flags):
 def _fastcopy_sendfile(fsrc, fdst):
     """Copy data from one regular mmap-like fd to another by using
     high-performance sendfile(2) syscall.
-    This should work on Linux >= 2.6.33 only.
+    This should work on Linux >= 2.6.33, Android and Solaris.
     """
     # Note: copyfileobj() is left alone in order to not introduce any
     # unexpected breakage. Possible risks by using zero-copy calls
@@ -149,7 +147,7 @@ def _fastcopy_sendfile(fsrc, fdst):
         try:
             sent = os.sendfile(outfd, infd, offset, blocksize)
         except OSError as err:
-            # ...in oder to have a more informative exception.
+            # ...in order to have a more informative exception.
             err.filename = fsrc.name
             err.filename2 = fdst.name
 
@@ -267,7 +265,7 @@ def copyfile(src, dst, *, follow_symlinks=True):
                             return dst
                         except _GiveupOnFastCopy:
                             pass
-                    # Linux
+                    # Linux / Android / Solaris
                     elif _USE_CP_SENDFILE:
                         try:
                             _fastcopy_sendfile(fsrc, fdst)
@@ -605,7 +603,22 @@ def _rmtree_islink(st):
         return stat.S_ISLNK(st.st_mode)
 
 # version vulnerable to race conditions
-def _rmtree_unsafe(path, onexc):
+def _rmtree_unsafe(path, dir_fd, onexc):
+    if dir_fd is not None:
+        raise NotImplementedError("dir_fd unavailable on this platform")
+    try:
+        st = os.lstat(path)
+    except OSError as err:
+        onexc(os.lstat, path, err)
+        return
+    try:
+        if _rmtree_islink(st):
+            # symlinks to directories are forbidden, see bug #1669
+            raise OSError("Cannot call rmtree on a symbolic link")
+    except OSError as err:
+        onexc(os.path.islink, path, err)
+        # can't continue even if onexc hook returns
+        return
     def onerror(err):
         if not isinstance(err, FileNotFoundError):
             onexc(os.scandir, err.filename, err)
@@ -635,7 +648,26 @@ def onerror(err):
         onexc(os.rmdir, path, err)
 
 # Version using fd-based APIs to protect against races
-def _rmtree_safe_fd(stack, onexc):
+def _rmtree_safe_fd(path, dir_fd, onexc):
+    # While the unsafe rmtree works fine on bytes, the fd based does not.
+    if isinstance(path, bytes):
+        path = os.fsdecode(path)
+    stack = [(os.lstat, dir_fd, path, None)]
+    try:
+        while stack:
+            _rmtree_safe_fd_step(stack, onexc)
+    finally:
+        # Close any file descriptors still on the stack.
+        while stack:
+            func, fd, path, entry = stack.pop()
+            if func is not os.close:
+                continue
+            try:
+                os.close(fd)
+            except OSError as err:
+                onexc(os.close, path, err)
+
+def _rmtree_safe_fd_step(stack, onexc):
     # Each stack item has four elements:
     # * func: The first operation to perform: os.lstat, os.close or os.rmdir.
     #   Walking a directory starts with an os.lstat() to detect symlinks; in
@@ -710,6 +742,7 @@ def _rmtree_safe_fd(stack, onexc):
                      os.supports_dir_fd and
                      os.scandir in os.supports_fd and
                      os.stat in os.supports_follow_symlinks)
+_rmtree_impl = _rmtree_safe_fd if _use_fd_functions else _rmtree_unsafe
 
 def rmtree(path, ignore_errors=False, onerror=None, *, onexc=None, dir_fd=None):
     """Recursively delete a directory tree.
@@ -753,41 +786,7 @@ def onexc(*args):
                     exc_info = type(exc), exc, exc.__traceback__
                 return onerror(func, path, exc_info)
 
-    if _use_fd_functions:
-        # While the unsafe rmtree works fine on bytes, the fd based does not.
-        if isinstance(path, bytes):
-            path = os.fsdecode(path)
-        stack = [(os.lstat, dir_fd, path, None)]
-        try:
-            while stack:
-                _rmtree_safe_fd(stack, onexc)
-        finally:
-            # Close any file descriptors still on the stack.
-            while stack:
-                func, fd, path, entry = stack.pop()
-                if func is not os.close:
-                    continue
-                try:
-                    os.close(fd)
-                except OSError as err:
-                    onexc(os.close, path, err)
-    else:
-        if dir_fd is not None:
-            raise NotImplementedError("dir_fd unavailable on this platform")
-        try:
-            st = os.lstat(path)
-        except OSError as err:
-            onexc(os.lstat, path, err)
-            return
-        try:
-            if _rmtree_islink(st):
-                # symlinks to directories are forbidden, see bug #1669
-                raise OSError("Cannot call rmtree on a symbolic link")
-        except OSError as err:
-            onexc(os.path.islink, path, err)
-            # can't continue even if onexc hook returns
-            return
-        return _rmtree_unsafe(path, onexc)
+    _rmtree_impl(path, dir_fd, onexc)
 
 # Allow introspection of whether or not the hardening against symlink
 # attacks is supported on the current platform
@@ -1581,3 +1580,15 @@ def which(cmd, mode=os.F_OK | os.X_OK, path=None):
                 if _access_check(name, mode):
                     return name
     return None
+
+def __getattr__(name):
+    if name == "ExecError":
+        import warnings
+        warnings._deprecated(
+            "shutil.ExecError",
+            f"{warnings._DEPRECATED_MSG}; it "
+            "isn't raised by any shutil function.",
+            remove=(3, 16)
+        )
+        return RuntimeError
+    raise AttributeError(f"module {__name__!r} has no attribute {name!r}")
diff --git a/Lib/site.py b/Lib/site.py
index 7eace190f5ab21..07a6361fad44e5 100644
--- a/Lib/site.py
+++ b/Lib/site.py
@@ -312,6 +312,10 @@ def joinuser(*args):
 # Same to sysconfig.get_path('purelib', os.name+'_user')
 def _get_path(userbase):
     version = sys.version_info
+    if hasattr(sys, 'abiflags') and 't' in sys.abiflags:
+        abi_thread = 't'
+    else:
+        abi_thread = ''
 
     implementation = _get_implementation()
     implementation_lower = implementation.lower()
@@ -322,7 +326,7 @@ def _get_path(userbase):
     if sys.platform == 'darwin' and sys._framework:
         return f'{userbase}/lib/{implementation_lower}/site-packages'
 
-    return f'{userbase}/lib/python{version[0]}.{version[1]}/site-packages'
+    return f'{userbase}/lib/python{version[0]}.{version[1]}{abi_thread}/site-packages'
 
 
 def getuserbase():
@@ -390,6 +394,10 @@ def getsitepackages(prefixes=None):
 
         implementation = _get_implementation().lower()
         ver = sys.version_info
+        if hasattr(sys, 'abiflags') and 't' in sys.abiflags:
+            abi_thread = 't'
+        else:
+            abi_thread = ''
         if os.sep == '/':
             libdirs = [sys.platlibdir]
             if sys.platlibdir != "lib":
@@ -397,7 +405,7 @@ def getsitepackages(prefixes=None):
 
             for libdir in libdirs:
                 path = os.path.join(prefix, libdir,
-                                    f"{implementation}{ver[0]}.{ver[1]}",
+                                    f"{implementation}{ver[0]}.{ver[1]}{abi_thread}",
                                     "site-packages")
                 sitepackages.append(path)
         else:
@@ -483,12 +491,26 @@ def register_readline():
     This can be overridden in the sitecustomize or usercustomize module,
     or in a PYTHONSTARTUP file.
     """
+    if not sys.flags.ignore_environment:
+        PYTHON_BASIC_REPL = os.getenv("PYTHON_BASIC_REPL")
+    else:
+        PYTHON_BASIC_REPL = False
+
     import atexit
     try:
         import readline
-        import rlcompleter
-        import _pyrepl.readline
-        import _pyrepl.unix_console
+        import rlcompleter  # noqa: F401
+        if PYTHON_BASIC_REPL:
+            CAN_USE_PYREPL = False
+        else:
+            original_path = sys.path
+            sys.path = [p for p in original_path if p != '']
+            try:
+                import _pyrepl.readline
+                import _pyrepl.unix_console
+                from _pyrepl.main import CAN_USE_PYREPL
+            finally:
+                sys.path = original_path
     except ImportError:
         return
 
@@ -516,26 +538,22 @@ def register_readline():
         # through a PYTHONSTARTUP hook, see:
         # http://bugs.python.org/issue5845#msg198636
         history = gethistoryfile()
+
+        if CAN_USE_PYREPL:
+            readline_module = _pyrepl.readline
+            exceptions = (OSError, *_pyrepl.unix_console._error)
+        else:
+            readline_module = readline
+            exceptions = OSError
+
         try:
-            if os.getenv("PYTHON_BASIC_REPL"):
-                readline.read_history_file(history)
-            else:
-                _pyrepl.readline.read_history_file(history)
-        except (OSError,* _pyrepl.unix_console._error):
+            readline_module.read_history_file(history)
+        except exceptions:
             pass
 
         def write_history():
             try:
-                # _pyrepl.__main__ is executed as the __main__ module
-                from __main__ import CAN_USE_PYREPL
-            except ImportError:
-                CAN_USE_PYREPL = False
-
-            try:
-                if os.getenv("PYTHON_BASIC_REPL") or not CAN_USE_PYREPL:
-                    readline.write_history_file(history)
-                else:
-                    _pyrepl.readline.write_history_file(history)
+                readline_module.write_history_file(history)
             except (FileNotFoundError, PermissionError):
                 # home directory does not exist or is not writable
                 # https://bugs.python.org/issue19891
@@ -603,7 +621,7 @@ def execsitecustomize():
     """Run custom site specific code, if available."""
     try:
         try:
-            import sitecustomize
+            import sitecustomize  # noqa: F401
         except ImportError as exc:
             if exc.name == 'sitecustomize':
                 pass
@@ -623,7 +641,7 @@ def execusercustomize():
     """Run custom user specific code, if available."""
     try:
         try:
-            import usercustomize
+            import usercustomize  # noqa: F401
         except ImportError as exc:
             if exc.name == 'usercustomize':
                 pass
diff --git a/Lib/socket.py b/Lib/socket.py
index 524ce1361b9091..be37c24d6174a2 100644
--- a/Lib/socket.py
+++ b/Lib/socket.py
@@ -52,7 +52,9 @@
 import _socket
 from _socket import *
 
-import os, sys, io, selectors
+import io
+import os
+import sys
 from enum import IntEnum, IntFlag
 
 try:
@@ -110,102 +112,103 @@ def _intenum_converter(value, enum_klass):
 
 # WSA error codes
 if sys.platform.lower().startswith("win"):
-    errorTab = {}
-    errorTab[6] = "Specified event object handle is invalid."
-    errorTab[8] = "Insufficient memory available."
-    errorTab[87] = "One or more parameters are invalid."
-    errorTab[995] = "Overlapped operation aborted."
-    errorTab[996] = "Overlapped I/O event object not in signaled state."
-    errorTab[997] = "Overlapped operation will complete later."
-    errorTab[10004] = "The operation was interrupted."
-    errorTab[10009] = "A bad file handle was passed."
-    errorTab[10013] = "Permission denied."
-    errorTab[10014] = "A fault occurred on the network??"  # WSAEFAULT
-    errorTab[10022] = "An invalid operation was attempted."
-    errorTab[10024] = "Too many open files."
-    errorTab[10035] = "The socket operation would block."
-    errorTab[10036] = "A blocking operation is already in progress."
-    errorTab[10037] = "Operation already in progress."
-    errorTab[10038] = "Socket operation on nonsocket."
-    errorTab[10039] = "Destination address required."
-    errorTab[10040] = "Message too long."
-    errorTab[10041] = "Protocol wrong type for socket."
-    errorTab[10042] = "Bad protocol option."
-    errorTab[10043] = "Protocol not supported."
-    errorTab[10044] = "Socket type not supported."
-    errorTab[10045] = "Operation not supported."
-    errorTab[10046] = "Protocol family not supported."
-    errorTab[10047] = "Address family not supported by protocol family."
-    errorTab[10048] = "The network address is in use."
-    errorTab[10049] = "Cannot assign requested address."
-    errorTab[10050] = "Network is down."
-    errorTab[10051] = "Network is unreachable."
-    errorTab[10052] = "Network dropped connection on reset."
-    errorTab[10053] = "Software caused connection abort."
-    errorTab[10054] = "The connection has been reset."
-    errorTab[10055] = "No buffer space available."
-    errorTab[10056] = "Socket is already connected."
-    errorTab[10057] = "Socket is not connected."
-    errorTab[10058] = "The network has been shut down."
-    errorTab[10059] = "Too many references."
-    errorTab[10060] = "The operation timed out."
-    errorTab[10061] = "Connection refused."
-    errorTab[10062] = "Cannot translate name."
-    errorTab[10063] = "The name is too long."
-    errorTab[10064] = "The host is down."
-    errorTab[10065] = "The host is unreachable."
-    errorTab[10066] = "Directory not empty."
-    errorTab[10067] = "Too many processes."
-    errorTab[10068] = "User quota exceeded."
-    errorTab[10069] = "Disk quota exceeded."
-    errorTab[10070] = "Stale file handle reference."
-    errorTab[10071] = "Item is remote."
-    errorTab[10091] = "Network subsystem is unavailable."
-    errorTab[10092] = "Winsock.dll version out of range."
-    errorTab[10093] = "Successful WSAStartup not yet performed."
-    errorTab[10101] = "Graceful shutdown in progress."
-    errorTab[10102] = "No more results from WSALookupServiceNext."
-    errorTab[10103] = "Call has been canceled."
-    errorTab[10104] = "Procedure call table is invalid."
-    errorTab[10105] = "Service provider is invalid."
-    errorTab[10106] = "Service provider failed to initialize."
-    errorTab[10107] = "System call failure."
-    errorTab[10108] = "Service not found."
-    errorTab[10109] = "Class type not found."
-    errorTab[10110] = "No more results from WSALookupServiceNext."
-    errorTab[10111] = "Call was canceled."
-    errorTab[10112] = "Database query was refused."
-    errorTab[11001] = "Host not found."
-    errorTab[11002] = "Nonauthoritative host not found."
-    errorTab[11003] = "This is a nonrecoverable error."
-    errorTab[11004] = "Valid name, no data record requested type."
-    errorTab[11005] = "QoS receivers."
-    errorTab[11006] = "QoS senders."
-    errorTab[11007] = "No QoS senders."
-    errorTab[11008] = "QoS no receivers."
-    errorTab[11009] = "QoS request confirmed."
-    errorTab[11010] = "QoS admission error."
-    errorTab[11011] = "QoS policy failure."
-    errorTab[11012] = "QoS bad style."
-    errorTab[11013] = "QoS bad object."
-    errorTab[11014] = "QoS traffic control error."
-    errorTab[11015] = "QoS generic error."
-    errorTab[11016] = "QoS service type error."
-    errorTab[11017] = "QoS flowspec error."
-    errorTab[11018] = "Invalid QoS provider buffer."
-    errorTab[11019] = "Invalid QoS filter style."
-    errorTab[11020] = "Invalid QoS filter style."
-    errorTab[11021] = "Incorrect QoS filter count."
-    errorTab[11022] = "Invalid QoS object length."
-    errorTab[11023] = "Incorrect QoS flow count."
-    errorTab[11024] = "Unrecognized QoS object."
-    errorTab[11025] = "Invalid QoS policy object."
-    errorTab[11026] = "Invalid QoS flow descriptor."
-    errorTab[11027] = "Invalid QoS provider-specific flowspec."
-    errorTab[11028] = "Invalid QoS provider-specific filterspec."
-    errorTab[11029] = "Invalid QoS shape discard mode object."
-    errorTab[11030] = "Invalid QoS shaping rate object."
-    errorTab[11031] = "Reserved policy QoS element type."
+    errorTab = {
+        6: "Specified event object handle is invalid.",
+        8: "Insufficient memory available.",
+        87: "One or more parameters are invalid.",
+        995: "Overlapped operation aborted.",
+        996: "Overlapped I/O event object not in signaled state.",
+        997: "Overlapped operation will complete later.",
+        10004: "The operation was interrupted.",
+        10009: "A bad file handle was passed.",
+        10013: "Permission denied.",
+        10014: "A fault occurred on the network??",
+        10022: "An invalid operation was attempted.",
+        10024: "Too many open files.",
+        10035: "The socket operation would block.",
+        10036: "A blocking operation is already in progress.",
+        10037: "Operation already in progress.",
+        10038: "Socket operation on nonsocket.",
+        10039: "Destination address required.",
+        10040: "Message too long.",
+        10041: "Protocol wrong type for socket.",
+        10042: "Bad protocol option.",
+        10043: "Protocol not supported.",
+        10044: "Socket type not supported.",
+        10045: "Operation not supported.",
+        10046: "Protocol family not supported.",
+        10047: "Address family not supported by protocol family.",
+        10048: "The network address is in use.",
+        10049: "Cannot assign requested address.",
+        10050: "Network is down.",
+        10051: "Network is unreachable.",
+        10052: "Network dropped connection on reset.",
+        10053: "Software caused connection abort.",
+        10054: "The connection has been reset.",
+        10055: "No buffer space available.",
+        10056: "Socket is already connected.",
+        10057: "Socket is not connected.",
+        10058: "The network has been shut down.",
+        10059: "Too many references.",
+        10060: "The operation timed out.",
+        10061: "Connection refused.",
+        10062: "Cannot translate name.",
+        10063: "The name is too long.",
+        10064: "The host is down.",
+        10065: "The host is unreachable.",
+        10066: "Directory not empty.",
+        10067: "Too many processes.",
+        10068: "User quota exceeded.",
+        10069: "Disk quota exceeded.",
+        10070: "Stale file handle reference.",
+        10071: "Item is remote.",
+        10091: "Network subsystem is unavailable.",
+        10092: "Winsock.dll version out of range.",
+        10093: "Successful WSAStartup not yet performed.",
+        10101: "Graceful shutdown in progress.",
+        10102: "No more results from WSALookupServiceNext.",
+        10103: "Call has been canceled.",
+        10104: "Procedure call table is invalid.",
+        10105: "Service provider is invalid.",
+        10106: "Service provider failed to initialize.",
+        10107: "System call failure.",
+        10108: "Service not found.",
+        10109: "Class type not found.",
+        10110: "No more results from WSALookupServiceNext.",
+        10111: "Call was canceled.",
+        10112: "Database query was refused.",
+        11001: "Host not found.",
+        11002: "Nonauthoritative host not found.",
+        11003: "This is a nonrecoverable error.",
+        11004: "Valid name, no data record requested type.",
+        11005: "QoS receivers.",
+        11006: "QoS senders.",
+        11007: "No QoS senders.",
+        11008: "QoS no receivers.",
+        11009: "QoS request confirmed.",
+        11010: "QoS admission error.",
+        11011: "QoS policy failure.",
+        11012: "QoS bad style.",
+        11013: "QoS bad object.",
+        11014: "QoS traffic control error.",
+        11015: "QoS generic error.",
+        11016: "QoS service type error.",
+        11017: "QoS flowspec error.",
+        11018: "Invalid QoS provider buffer.",
+        11019: "Invalid QoS filter style.",
+        11020: "Invalid QoS filter style.",
+        11021: "Incorrect QoS filter count.",
+        11022: "Invalid QoS object length.",
+        11023: "Incorrect QoS flow count.",
+        11024: "Unrecognized QoS object.",
+        11025: "Invalid QoS policy object.",
+        11026: "Invalid QoS flow descriptor.",
+        11027: "Invalid QoS provider-specific flowspec.",
+        11028: "Invalid QoS provider-specific filterspec.",
+        11029: "Invalid QoS shape discard mode object.",
+        11030: "Invalid QoS shaping rate object.",
+        11031: "Reserved policy QoS element type."
+    }
     __all__.append("errorTab")
 
 
@@ -348,6 +351,9 @@ def makefile(self, mode="r", buffering=None, *,
     if hasattr(os, 'sendfile'):
 
         def _sendfile_use_sendfile(self, file, offset=0, count=None):
+            # Lazy import to improve module import time
+            import selectors
+
             self._check_sendfile_params(file, offset, count)
             sockno = self.fileno()
             try:
@@ -549,20 +555,18 @@ def fromfd(fd, family, type, proto=0):
     return socket(family, type, proto, nfd)
 
 if hasattr(_socket.socket, "sendmsg"):
-    import array
-
     def send_fds(sock, buffers, fds, flags=0, address=None):
         """ send_fds(sock, buffers, fds[, flags[, address]]) -> integer
 
         Send the list of file descriptors fds over an AF_UNIX socket.
         """
+        import array
+
         return sock.sendmsg(buffers, [(_socket.SOL_SOCKET,
             _socket.SCM_RIGHTS, array.array("i", fds))])
     __all__.append("send_fds")
 
 if hasattr(_socket.socket, "recvmsg"):
-    import array
-
     def recv_fds(sock, bufsize, maxfds, flags=0):
         """ recv_fds(sock, bufsize, maxfds[, flags]) -> (data, list of file
         descriptors, msg_flags, address)
@@ -570,6 +574,8 @@ def recv_fds(sock, bufsize, maxfds, flags=0):
         Receive up to maxfds file descriptors returning the message
         data and a list containing the descriptors.
         """
+        import array
+
         # Array of ints
         fds = array.array("i")
         msg, ancdata, flags, addr = sock.recvmsg(bufsize,
@@ -592,16 +598,65 @@ def fromshare(info):
         return socket(0, 0, 0, info)
     __all__.append("fromshare")
 
-if hasattr(_socket, "socketpair"):
+# Origin: https://gist.github.com/4325783, by Geert Jansen.  Public domain.
+# This is used if _socket doesn't natively provide socketpair. It's
+# always defined so that it can be patched in for testing purposes.
+def _fallback_socketpair(family=AF_INET, type=SOCK_STREAM, proto=0):
+    if family == AF_INET:
+        host = _LOCALHOST
+    elif family == AF_INET6:
+        host = _LOCALHOST_V6
+    else:
+        raise ValueError("Only AF_INET and AF_INET6 socket address families "
+                         "are supported")
+    if type != SOCK_STREAM:
+        raise ValueError("Only SOCK_STREAM socket type is supported")
+    if proto != 0:
+        raise ValueError("Only protocol zero is supported")
+
+    # We create a connected TCP socket. Note the trick with
+    # setblocking(False) that prevents us from having to create a thread.
+    lsock = socket(family, type, proto)
+    try:
+        lsock.bind((host, 0))
+        lsock.listen()
+        # On IPv6, ignore flow_info and scope_id
+        addr, port = lsock.getsockname()[:2]
+        csock = socket(family, type, proto)
+        try:
+            csock.setblocking(False)
+            try:
+                csock.connect((addr, port))
+            except (BlockingIOError, InterruptedError):
+                pass
+            csock.setblocking(True)
+            ssock, _ = lsock.accept()
+        except:
+            csock.close()
+            raise
+    finally:
+        lsock.close()
 
-    def socketpair(family=None, type=SOCK_STREAM, proto=0):
-        """socketpair([family[, type[, proto]]]) -> (socket object, socket object)
+    # Authenticating avoids using a connection from something else
+    # able to connect to {host}:{port} instead of us.
+    # We expect only AF_INET and AF_INET6 families.
+    try:
+        if (
+            ssock.getsockname() != csock.getpeername()
+            or csock.getsockname() != ssock.getpeername()
+        ):
+            raise ConnectionError("Unexpected peer connection")
+    except:
+        # getsockname() and getpeername() can fail
+        # if either socket isn't connected.
+        ssock.close()
+        csock.close()
+        raise
 
-        Create a pair of socket objects from the sockets returned by the platform
-        socketpair() function.
-        The arguments are the same as for socket() except the default family is
-        AF_UNIX if defined on the platform; otherwise, the default is AF_INET.
-        """
+    return (ssock, csock)
+
+if hasattr(_socket, "socketpair"):
+    def socketpair(family=None, type=SOCK_STREAM, proto=0):
         if family is None:
             try:
                 family = AF_UNIX
@@ -613,44 +668,7 @@ def socketpair(family=None, type=SOCK_STREAM, proto=0):
         return a, b
 
 else:
-
-    # Origin: https://gist.github.com/4325783, by Geert Jansen.  Public domain.
-    def socketpair(family=AF_INET, type=SOCK_STREAM, proto=0):
-        if family == AF_INET:
-            host = _LOCALHOST
-        elif family == AF_INET6:
-            host = _LOCALHOST_V6
-        else:
-            raise ValueError("Only AF_INET and AF_INET6 socket address families "
-                             "are supported")
-        if type != SOCK_STREAM:
-            raise ValueError("Only SOCK_STREAM socket type is supported")
-        if proto != 0:
-            raise ValueError("Only protocol zero is supported")
-
-        # We create a connected TCP socket. Note the trick with
-        # setblocking(False) that prevents us from having to create a thread.
-        lsock = socket(family, type, proto)
-        try:
-            lsock.bind((host, 0))
-            lsock.listen()
-            # On IPv6, ignore flow_info and scope_id
-            addr, port = lsock.getsockname()[:2]
-            csock = socket(family, type, proto)
-            try:
-                csock.setblocking(False)
-                try:
-                    csock.connect((addr, port))
-                except (BlockingIOError, InterruptedError):
-                    pass
-                csock.setblocking(True)
-                ssock, _ = lsock.accept()
-            except:
-                csock.close()
-                raise
-        finally:
-            lsock.close()
-        return (ssock, csock)
+    socketpair = _fallback_socketpair
     __all__.append("socketpair")
 
 socketpair.__doc__ = """socketpair([family[, type[, proto]]]) -> (socket object, socket object)
diff --git a/Lib/sqlite3/__main__.py b/Lib/sqlite3/__main__.py
index b93b84384a0925..cfdee61403d1fa 100644
--- a/Lib/sqlite3/__main__.py
+++ b/Lib/sqlite3/__main__.py
@@ -65,7 +65,6 @@ def runsource(self, source, filename="<input>", symbol="single"):
 def main(*args):
     parser = ArgumentParser(
         description="Python sqlite3 CLI",
-        prog="python -m sqlite3",
     )
     parser.add_argument(
         "filename", type=str, default=":memory:", nargs="?",
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ def main(*args):
             # No SQL provided; start the REPL.
             console = SqliteInteractiveConsole(con)
             try:
-                import readline
+                import readline  # noqa: F401
             except ImportError:
                 pass
             console.interact(banner, exitmsg="")
diff --git a/Lib/ssl.py b/Lib/ssl.py
index cc685c2cc405ab..c8703b046cfd4b 100644
--- a/Lib/ssl.py
+++ b/Lib/ssl.py
@@ -513,18 +513,17 @@ def set_alpn_protocols(self, alpn_protocols):
         self._set_alpn_protocols(protos)
 
     def _load_windows_store_certs(self, storename, purpose):
-        certs = bytearray()
         try:
             for cert, encoding, trust in enum_certificates(storename):
                 # CA certs are never PKCS#7 encoded
                 if encoding == "x509_asn":
                     if trust is True or purpose.oid in trust:
-                        certs.extend(cert)
+                        try:
+                            self.load_verify_locations(cadata=cert)
+                        except SSLError as exc:
+                            warnings.warn(f"Bad certificate in Windows certificate store: {exc!s}")
         except PermissionError:
             warnings.warn("unable to enumerate Windows certificate store")
-        if certs:
-            self.load_verify_locations(cadata=certs)
-        return certs
 
     def load_default_certs(self, purpose=Purpose.SERVER_AUTH):
         if not isinstance(purpose, _ASN1Object):
@@ -1165,11 +1164,21 @@ def getpeercert(self, binary_form=False):
 
     @_sslcopydoc
     def get_verified_chain(self):
-        return self._sslobj.get_verified_chain()
+        chain = self._sslobj.get_verified_chain()
+
+        if chain is None:
+            return []
+
+        return [cert.public_bytes(_ssl.ENCODING_DER) for cert in chain]
 
     @_sslcopydoc
     def get_unverified_chain(self):
-        return self._sslobj.get_unverified_chain()
+        chain = self._sslobj.get_unverified_chain()
+
+        if chain is None:
+            return []
+
+        return [cert.public_bytes(_ssl.ENCODING_DER) for cert in chain]
 
     @_sslcopydoc
     def selected_npn_protocol(self):
diff --git a/Lib/stat.py b/Lib/stat.py
index 9167ab185944fb..1b4ed1ebc940ef 100644
--- a/Lib/stat.py
+++ b/Lib/stat.py
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 
 Suggested usage: from stat import *
 """
-import sys
 
 # Indices for stat struct members in the tuple returned by os.stat()
 
diff --git a/Lib/statistics.py b/Lib/statistics.py
index c64c6fae4ab010..e2b59267f04f68 100644
--- a/Lib/statistics.py
+++ b/Lib/statistics.py
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 Function            Description
 ==================  ==================================================
 mean                Arithmetic mean (average) of data.
-fmean               Fast, floating point arithmetic mean.
+fmean               Fast, floating-point arithmetic mean.
 geometric_mean      Geometric mean of data.
 harmonic_mean       Harmonic mean of data.
 median              Median (middle value) of data.
@@ -248,6 +248,7 @@ def count_positive(iterable):
                 found_zero = True
             else:
                 raise StatisticsError('No negative inputs allowed', x)
+
     total = fsum(map(log, count_positive(data)))
 
     if not n:
@@ -710,6 +711,7 @@ def correlation(x, y, /, *, method='linear'):
         start = (n - 1) / -2            # Center rankings around zero
         x = _rank(x, start=start)
         y = _rank(y, start=start)
+
     else:
         xbar = fsum(x) / n
         ybar = fsum(y) / n
@@ -870,9 +872,12 @@ def f_inv(y):
     return f_inv
 
 def _quartic_invcdf_estimate(p):
+    # A handrolled piecewise approximation. There is no magic here.
     sign, p = (1.0, p) if p <= 1/2 else (-1.0, 1.0 - p)
+    if p < 0.0106:
+        return ((2.0 * p) ** 0.3838 - 1.0) * sign
     x = (2.0 * p) ** 0.4258865685331 - 1.0
-    if p >= 0.004 < 0.499:
+    if p < 0.499:
         x += 0.026818732 * sin(7.101753784 * p + 2.73230839482953)
     return x * sign
 
@@ -886,8 +891,11 @@ def quartic_kernel():
     return pdf, cdf, invcdf, support
 
 def _triweight_invcdf_estimate(p):
+    # A handrolled piecewise approximation. There is no magic here.
     sign, p = (1.0, p) if p <= 1/2 else (-1.0, 1.0 - p)
     x = (2.0 * p) ** 0.3400218741872791 - 1.0
+    if 0.00001 < p < 0.499:
+        x -= 0.033 * sin(1.07 * tau * (p - 0.035))
     return x * sign
 
 @register('triweight')
@@ -1207,91 +1215,6 @@ def quantiles(data, *, n=4, method='exclusive'):
 
 ## Normal Distribution #####################################################
 
-def _normal_dist_inv_cdf(p, mu, sigma):
-    # There is no closed-form solution to the inverse CDF for the normal
-    # distribution, so we use a rational approximation instead:
-    # Wichura, M.J. (1988). "Algorithm AS241: The Percentage Points of the
-    # Normal Distribution".  Applied Statistics. Blackwell Publishing. 37
-    # (3): 477–484. doi:10.2307/2347330. JSTOR 2347330.
-    q = p - 0.5
-
-    if fabs(q) <= 0.425:
-        r = 0.180625 - q * q
-        # Hash sum: 55.88319_28806_14901_4439
-        num = (((((((2.50908_09287_30122_6727e+3 * r +
-                     3.34305_75583_58812_8105e+4) * r +
-                     6.72657_70927_00870_0853e+4) * r +
-                     4.59219_53931_54987_1457e+4) * r +
-                     1.37316_93765_50946_1125e+4) * r +
-                     1.97159_09503_06551_4427e+3) * r +
-                     1.33141_66789_17843_7745e+2) * r +
-                     3.38713_28727_96366_6080e+0) * q
-        den = (((((((5.22649_52788_52854_5610e+3 * r +
-                     2.87290_85735_72194_2674e+4) * r +
-                     3.93078_95800_09271_0610e+4) * r +
-                     2.12137_94301_58659_5867e+4) * r +
-                     5.39419_60214_24751_1077e+3) * r +
-                     6.87187_00749_20579_0830e+2) * r +
-                     4.23133_30701_60091_1252e+1) * r +
-                     1.0)
-        x = num / den
-        return mu + (x * sigma)
-
-    r = p if q <= 0.0 else 1.0 - p
-    r = sqrt(-log(r))
-    if r <= 5.0:
-        r = r - 1.6
-        # Hash sum: 49.33206_50330_16102_89036
-        num = (((((((7.74545_01427_83414_07640e-4 * r +
-                     2.27238_44989_26918_45833e-2) * r +
-                     2.41780_72517_74506_11770e-1) * r +
-                     1.27045_82524_52368_38258e+0) * r +
-                     3.64784_83247_63204_60504e+0) * r +
-                     5.76949_72214_60691_40550e+0) * r +
-                     4.63033_78461_56545_29590e+0) * r +
-                     1.42343_71107_49683_57734e+0)
-        den = (((((((1.05075_00716_44416_84324e-9 * r +
-                     5.47593_80849_95344_94600e-4) * r +
-                     1.51986_66563_61645_71966e-2) * r +
-                     1.48103_97642_74800_74590e-1) * r +
-                     6.89767_33498_51000_04550e-1) * r +
-                     1.67638_48301_83803_84940e+0) * r +
-                     2.05319_16266_37758_82187e+0) * r +
-                     1.0)
-    else:
-        r = r - 5.0
-        # Hash sum: 47.52583_31754_92896_71629
-        num = (((((((2.01033_43992_92288_13265e-7 * r +
-                     2.71155_55687_43487_57815e-5) * r +
-                     1.24266_09473_88078_43860e-3) * r +
-                     2.65321_89526_57612_30930e-2) * r +
-                     2.96560_57182_85048_91230e-1) * r +
-                     1.78482_65399_17291_33580e+0) * r +
-                     5.46378_49111_64114_36990e+0) * r +
-                     6.65790_46435_01103_77720e+0)
-        den = (((((((2.04426_31033_89939_78564e-15 * r +
-                     1.42151_17583_16445_88870e-7) * r +
-                     1.84631_83175_10054_68180e-5) * r +
-                     7.86869_13114_56132_59100e-4) * r +
-                     1.48753_61290_85061_48525e-2) * r +
-                     1.36929_88092_27358_05310e-1) * r +
-                     5.99832_20655_58879_37690e-1) * r +
-                     1.0)
-
-    x = num / den
-    if q < 0.0:
-        x = -x
-
-    return mu + (x * sigma)
-
-
-# If available, use C implementation
-try:
-    from _statistics import _normal_dist_inv_cdf
-except ImportError:
-    pass
-
-
 class NormalDist:
     "Normal distribution of a random variable"
     # https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_distribution
@@ -1555,11 +1478,13 @@ def _sum(data):
     types_add = types.add
     partials = {}
     partials_get = partials.get
+
     for typ, values in groupby(data, type):
         types_add(typ)
         for n, d in map(_exact_ratio, values):
             count += 1
             partials[d] = partials_get(d, 0) + n
+
     if None in partials:
         # The sum will be a NAN or INF. We can ignore all the finite
         # partials, and just look at this special one.
@@ -1568,6 +1493,7 @@ def _sum(data):
     else:
         # Sum all the partial sums using builtin sum.
         total = sum(Fraction(n, d) for d, n in partials.items())
+
     T = reduce(_coerce, types, int)  # or raise TypeError
     return (T, total, count)
 
@@ -1590,6 +1516,7 @@ def _ss(data, c=None):
     types_add = types.add
     sx_partials = defaultdict(int)
     sxx_partials = defaultdict(int)
+
     for typ, values in groupby(data, type):
         types_add(typ)
         for n, d in map(_exact_ratio, values):
@@ -1599,11 +1526,13 @@ def _ss(data, c=None):
 
     if not count:
         ssd = c = Fraction(0)
+
     elif None in sx_partials:
         # The sum will be a NAN or INF. We can ignore all the finite
         # partials, and just look at this special one.
         ssd = c = sx_partials[None]
         assert not _isfinite(ssd)
+
     else:
         sx = sum(Fraction(n, d) for d, n in sx_partials.items())
         sxx = sum(Fraction(n, d*d) for d, n in sxx_partials.items())
@@ -1687,8 +1616,10 @@ def _convert(value, T):
         # This covers the cases where T is Fraction, or where value is
         # a NAN or INF (Decimal or float).
         return value
+
     if issubclass(T, int) and value.denominator != 1:
         T = float
+
     try:
         # FIXME: what do we do if this overflows?
         return T(value)
@@ -1851,3 +1782,88 @@ def _sqrtprod(x: float, y: float) -> float:
     # https://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=Maclaurin+series+sqrt%28h**2+%2B+x%29+at+x%3D0
     d = sumprod((x, h), (y, -h))
     return h + d / (2.0 * h)
+
+
+def _normal_dist_inv_cdf(p, mu, sigma):
+    # There is no closed-form solution to the inverse CDF for the normal
+    # distribution, so we use a rational approximation instead:
+    # Wichura, M.J. (1988). "Algorithm AS241: The Percentage Points of the
+    # Normal Distribution".  Applied Statistics. Blackwell Publishing. 37
+    # (3): 477–484. doi:10.2307/2347330. JSTOR 2347330.
+    q = p - 0.5
+
+    if fabs(q) <= 0.425:
+        r = 0.180625 - q * q
+        # Hash sum: 55.88319_28806_14901_4439
+        num = (((((((2.50908_09287_30122_6727e+3 * r +
+                     3.34305_75583_58812_8105e+4) * r +
+                     6.72657_70927_00870_0853e+4) * r +
+                     4.59219_53931_54987_1457e+4) * r +
+                     1.37316_93765_50946_1125e+4) * r +
+                     1.97159_09503_06551_4427e+3) * r +
+                     1.33141_66789_17843_7745e+2) * r +
+                     3.38713_28727_96366_6080e+0) * q
+        den = (((((((5.22649_52788_52854_5610e+3 * r +
+                     2.87290_85735_72194_2674e+4) * r +
+                     3.93078_95800_09271_0610e+4) * r +
+                     2.12137_94301_58659_5867e+4) * r +
+                     5.39419_60214_24751_1077e+3) * r +
+                     6.87187_00749_20579_0830e+2) * r +
+                     4.23133_30701_60091_1252e+1) * r +
+                     1.0)
+        x = num / den
+        return mu + (x * sigma)
+
+    r = p if q <= 0.0 else 1.0 - p
+    r = sqrt(-log(r))
+    if r <= 5.0:
+        r = r - 1.6
+        # Hash sum: 49.33206_50330_16102_89036
+        num = (((((((7.74545_01427_83414_07640e-4 * r +
+                     2.27238_44989_26918_45833e-2) * r +
+                     2.41780_72517_74506_11770e-1) * r +
+                     1.27045_82524_52368_38258e+0) * r +
+                     3.64784_83247_63204_60504e+0) * r +
+                     5.76949_72214_60691_40550e+0) * r +
+                     4.63033_78461_56545_29590e+0) * r +
+                     1.42343_71107_49683_57734e+0)
+        den = (((((((1.05075_00716_44416_84324e-9 * r +
+                     5.47593_80849_95344_94600e-4) * r +
+                     1.51986_66563_61645_71966e-2) * r +
+                     1.48103_97642_74800_74590e-1) * r +
+                     6.89767_33498_51000_04550e-1) * r +
+                     1.67638_48301_83803_84940e+0) * r +
+                     2.05319_16266_37758_82187e+0) * r +
+                     1.0)
+    else:
+        r = r - 5.0
+        # Hash sum: 47.52583_31754_92896_71629
+        num = (((((((2.01033_43992_92288_13265e-7 * r +
+                     2.71155_55687_43487_57815e-5) * r +
+                     1.24266_09473_88078_43860e-3) * r +
+                     2.65321_89526_57612_30930e-2) * r +
+                     2.96560_57182_85048_91230e-1) * r +
+                     1.78482_65399_17291_33580e+0) * r +
+                     5.46378_49111_64114_36990e+0) * r +
+                     6.65790_46435_01103_77720e+0)
+        den = (((((((2.04426_31033_89939_78564e-15 * r +
+                     1.42151_17583_16445_88870e-7) * r +
+                     1.84631_83175_10054_68180e-5) * r +
+                     7.86869_13114_56132_59100e-4) * r +
+                     1.48753_61290_85061_48525e-2) * r +
+                     1.36929_88092_27358_05310e-1) * r +
+                     5.99832_20655_58879_37690e-1) * r +
+                     1.0)
+
+    x = num / den
+    if q < 0.0:
+        x = -x
+
+    return mu + (x * sigma)
+
+
+# If available, use C implementation
+try:
+    from _statistics import _normal_dist_inv_cdf
+except ImportError:
+    pass
diff --git a/Lib/struct.py b/Lib/struct.py
index d6bba588636498..ff98e8c4cb3f1d 100644
--- a/Lib/struct.py
+++ b/Lib/struct.py
@@ -11,5 +11,5 @@
     ]
 
 from _struct import *
-from _struct import _clearcache
-from _struct import __doc__
+from _struct import _clearcache  # noqa: F401
+from _struct import __doc__  # noqa: F401
diff --git a/Lib/subprocess.py b/Lib/subprocess.py
index b2dcb1454c139e..88f0230b05fbc7 100644
--- a/Lib/subprocess.py
+++ b/Lib/subprocess.py
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@
 
 if _mswindows:
     import _winapi
-    from _winapi import (CREATE_NEW_CONSOLE, CREATE_NEW_PROCESS_GROUP,
+    from _winapi import (CREATE_NEW_CONSOLE, CREATE_NEW_PROCESS_GROUP,  # noqa: F401
                          STD_INPUT_HANDLE, STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE,
                          STD_ERROR_HANDLE, SW_HIDE,
                          STARTF_USESTDHANDLES, STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW,
@@ -749,7 +749,6 @@ def _use_posix_spawn():
 # These are primarily fail-safe knobs for negatives. A True value does not
 # guarantee the given libc/syscall API will be used.
 _USE_POSIX_SPAWN = _use_posix_spawn()
-_USE_VFORK = True
 _HAVE_POSIX_SPAWN_CLOSEFROM = hasattr(os, 'POSIX_SPAWN_CLOSEFROM')
 
 
@@ -1902,7 +1901,7 @@ def _execute_child(self, args, executable, preexec_fn, close_fds,
                             errpipe_read, errpipe_write,
                             restore_signals, start_new_session,
                             process_group, gid, gids, uid, umask,
-                            preexec_fn, _USE_VFORK)
+                            preexec_fn)
                     self._child_created = True
                 finally:
                     # be sure the FD is closed no matter what
diff --git a/Lib/symtable.py b/Lib/symtable.py
index ba2f0dafcd0063..7a30e1ac4ca378 100644
--- a/Lib/symtable.py
+++ b/Lib/symtable.py
@@ -3,15 +3,19 @@
 import _symtable
 from _symtable import (
     USE,
-    DEF_GLOBAL, DEF_NONLOCAL, DEF_LOCAL,
-    DEF_PARAM, DEF_TYPE_PARAM, DEF_IMPORT, DEF_BOUND, DEF_ANNOT,
+    DEF_GLOBAL,  # noqa: F401
+    DEF_NONLOCAL, DEF_LOCAL,
+    DEF_PARAM, DEF_TYPE_PARAM, DEF_FREE_CLASS,
+    DEF_IMPORT, DEF_BOUND, DEF_ANNOT,
+    DEF_COMP_ITER, DEF_COMP_CELL,
     SCOPE_OFF, SCOPE_MASK,
     FREE, LOCAL, GLOBAL_IMPLICIT, GLOBAL_EXPLICIT, CELL
 )
 
 import weakref
+from enum import StrEnum
 
-__all__ = ["symtable", "SymbolTable", "Class", "Function", "Symbol"]
+__all__ = ["symtable", "SymbolTableType", "SymbolTable", "Class", "Function", "Symbol"]
 
 def symtable(code, filename, compile_type):
     """ Return the toplevel *SymbolTable* for the source code.
@@ -43,6 +47,16 @@ def __call__(self, table, filename):
 _newSymbolTable = SymbolTableFactory()
 
 
+class SymbolTableType(StrEnum):
+    MODULE = "module"
+    FUNCTION = "function"
+    CLASS = "class"
+    ANNOTATION = "annotation"
+    TYPE_ALIAS = "type alias"
+    TYPE_PARAMETERS = "type parameters"
+    TYPE_VARIABLE = "type variable"
+
+
 class SymbolTable:
 
     def __init__(self, raw_table, filename):
@@ -66,23 +80,23 @@ def __repr__(self):
     def get_type(self):
         """Return the type of the symbol table.
 
-        The values returned are 'class', 'module', 'function',
-        'annotation', 'TypeVar bound', 'type alias', and 'type parameter'.
+        The value returned is one of the values in
+        the ``SymbolTableType`` enumeration.
         """
         if self._table.type == _symtable.TYPE_MODULE:
-            return "module"
+            return SymbolTableType.MODULE
         if self._table.type == _symtable.TYPE_FUNCTION:
-            return "function"
+            return SymbolTableType.FUNCTION
         if self._table.type == _symtable.TYPE_CLASS:
-            return "class"
+            return SymbolTableType.CLASS
         if self._table.type == _symtable.TYPE_ANNOTATION:
-            return "annotation"
-        if self._table.type == _symtable.TYPE_TYPE_VAR_BOUND:
-            return "TypeVar bound"
+            return SymbolTableType.ANNOTATION
         if self._table.type == _symtable.TYPE_TYPE_ALIAS:
-            return "type alias"
-        if self._table.type == _symtable.TYPE_TYPE_PARAM:
-            return "type parameter"
+            return SymbolTableType.TYPE_ALIAS
+        if self._table.type == _symtable.TYPE_TYPE_PARAMETERS:
+            return SymbolTableType.TYPE_PARAMETERS
+        if self._table.type == _symtable.TYPE_TYPE_VARIABLE:
+            return SymbolTableType.TYPE_VARIABLE
         assert False, f"unexpected type: {self._table.type}"
 
     def get_id(self):
@@ -158,6 +172,10 @@ def get_children(self):
                 for st in self._table.children]
 
 
+def _get_scope(flags):  # like _PyST_GetScope()
+    return (flags >> SCOPE_OFF) & SCOPE_MASK
+
+
 class Function(SymbolTable):
 
     # Default values for instance variables
@@ -183,7 +201,7 @@ def get_locals(self):
         """
         if self.__locals is None:
             locs = (LOCAL, CELL)
-            test = lambda x: ((x >> SCOPE_OFF) & SCOPE_MASK) in locs
+            test = lambda x: _get_scope(x) in locs
             self.__locals = self.__idents_matching(test)
         return self.__locals
 
@@ -192,7 +210,7 @@ def get_globals(self):
         """
         if self.__globals is None:
             glob = (GLOBAL_IMPLICIT, GLOBAL_EXPLICIT)
-            test = lambda x:((x >> SCOPE_OFF) & SCOPE_MASK) in glob
+            test = lambda x: _get_scope(x) in glob
             self.__globals = self.__idents_matching(test)
         return self.__globals
 
@@ -207,7 +225,7 @@ def get_frees(self):
         """Return a tuple of free variables in the function.
         """
         if self.__frees is None:
-            is_free = lambda x:((x >> SCOPE_OFF) & SCOPE_MASK) == FREE
+            is_free = lambda x: _get_scope(x) == FREE
             self.__frees = self.__idents_matching(is_free)
         return self.__frees
 
@@ -219,10 +237,45 @@ class Class(SymbolTable):
     def get_methods(self):
         """Return a tuple of methods declared in the class.
         """
+        import warnings
+        typename = f'{self.__class__.__module__}.{self.__class__.__name__}'
+        warnings.warn(f'{typename}.get_methods() is deprecated '
+                      f'and will be removed in Python 3.16.',
+                      DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
+
         if self.__methods is None:
             d = {}
+
+            def is_local_symbol(ident):
+                flags = self._table.symbols.get(ident, 0)
+                return ((flags >> SCOPE_OFF) & SCOPE_MASK) == LOCAL
+
             for st in self._table.children:
-                d[st.name] = 1
+                # pick the function-like symbols that are local identifiers
+                if is_local_symbol(st.name):
+                    match st.type:
+                        case _symtable.TYPE_FUNCTION:
+                            # generators are of type TYPE_FUNCTION with a ".0"
+                            # parameter as a first parameter (which makes them
+                            # distinguishable from a function named 'genexpr')
+                            if st.name == 'genexpr' and '.0' in st.varnames:
+                                continue
+                            d[st.name] = 1
+                        case _symtable.TYPE_TYPE_PARAMETERS:
+                            # Get the function-def block in the annotation
+                            # scope 'st' with the same identifier, if any.
+                            scope_name = st.name
+                            for c in st.children:
+                                if c.name == scope_name and c.type == _symtable.TYPE_FUNCTION:
+                                    # A generic generator of type TYPE_FUNCTION
+                                    # cannot be a direct child of 'st' (but it
+                                    # can be a descendant), e.g.:
+                                    #
+                                    # class A:
+                                    #   type genexpr[genexpr] = (x for x in [])
+                                    assert scope_name != 'genexpr' or '.0' not in c.varnames
+                                    d[scope_name] = 1
+                                    break
             self.__methods = tuple(d)
         return self.__methods
 
@@ -232,7 +285,7 @@ class Symbol:
     def __init__(self, name, flags, namespaces=None, *, module_scope=False):
         self.__name = name
         self.__flags = flags
-        self.__scope = (flags >> SCOPE_OFF) & SCOPE_MASK # like PyST_GetScope()
+        self.__scope = _get_scope(flags)
         self.__namespaces = namespaces or ()
         self.__module_scope = module_scope
 
@@ -301,6 +354,11 @@ def is_free(self):
         """
         return bool(self.__scope == FREE)
 
+    def is_free_class(self):
+        """Return *True* if a class-scoped symbol is free from
+        the perspective of a method."""
+        return bool(self.__flags & DEF_FREE_CLASS)
+
     def is_imported(self):
         """Return *True* if the symbol is created from
         an import statement.
@@ -311,6 +369,16 @@ def is_assigned(self):
         """Return *True* if a symbol is assigned to."""
         return bool(self.__flags & DEF_LOCAL)
 
+    def is_comp_iter(self):
+        """Return *True* if the symbol is a comprehension iteration variable.
+        """
+        return bool(self.__flags & DEF_COMP_ITER)
+
+    def is_comp_cell(self):
+        """Return *True* if the symbol is a cell in an inlined comprehension.
+        """
+        return bool(self.__flags & DEF_COMP_CELL)
+
     def is_namespace(self):
         """Returns *True* if name binding introduces new namespace.
 
diff --git a/Lib/sysconfig/__init__.py b/Lib/sysconfig/__init__.py
index 98a14e5d3a3187..43f9276799b848 100644
--- a/Lib/sysconfig/__init__.py
+++ b/Lib/sysconfig/__init__.py
@@ -27,10 +27,10 @@
 
 _INSTALL_SCHEMES = {
     'posix_prefix': {
-        'stdlib': '{installed_base}/{platlibdir}/{implementation_lower}{py_version_short}',
-        'platstdlib': '{platbase}/{platlibdir}/{implementation_lower}{py_version_short}',
-        'purelib': '{base}/lib/{implementation_lower}{py_version_short}/site-packages',
-        'platlib': '{platbase}/{platlibdir}/{implementation_lower}{py_version_short}/site-packages',
+        'stdlib': '{installed_base}/{platlibdir}/{implementation_lower}{py_version_short}{abi_thread}',
+        'platstdlib': '{platbase}/{platlibdir}/{implementation_lower}{py_version_short}{abi_thread}',
+        'purelib': '{base}/lib/{implementation_lower}{py_version_short}{abi_thread}/site-packages',
+        'platlib': '{platbase}/{platlibdir}/{implementation_lower}{py_version_short}{abi_thread}/site-packages',
         'include':
             '{installed_base}/include/{implementation_lower}{py_version_short}{abiflags}',
         'platinclude':
@@ -77,10 +77,10 @@
     # Downstream distributors who patch posix_prefix/nt scheme are encouraged to
     # leave the following schemes unchanged
     'posix_venv': {
-        'stdlib': '{installed_base}/{platlibdir}/{implementation_lower}{py_version_short}',
-        'platstdlib': '{platbase}/{platlibdir}/{implementation_lower}{py_version_short}',
-        'purelib': '{base}/lib/{implementation_lower}{py_version_short}/site-packages',
-        'platlib': '{platbase}/{platlibdir}/{implementation_lower}{py_version_short}/site-packages',
+        'stdlib': '{installed_base}/{platlibdir}/{implementation_lower}{py_version_short}{abi_thread}',
+        'platstdlib': '{platbase}/{platlibdir}/{implementation_lower}{py_version_short}{abi_thread}',
+        'purelib': '{base}/lib/{implementation_lower}{py_version_short}{abi_thread}/site-packages',
+        'platlib': '{platbase}/{platlibdir}/{implementation_lower}{py_version_short}{abi_thread}/site-packages',
         'include':
             '{installed_base}/include/{implementation_lower}{py_version_short}{abiflags}',
         'platinclude':
@@ -148,11 +148,11 @@ def joinuser(*args):
             'data': '{userbase}',
             },
         'posix_user': {
-            'stdlib': '{userbase}/{platlibdir}/{implementation_lower}{py_version_short}',
-            'platstdlib': '{userbase}/{platlibdir}/{implementation_lower}{py_version_short}',
-            'purelib': '{userbase}/lib/{implementation_lower}{py_version_short}/site-packages',
-            'platlib': '{userbase}/lib/{implementation_lower}{py_version_short}/site-packages',
-            'include': '{userbase}/include/{implementation_lower}{py_version_short}',
+            'stdlib': '{userbase}/{platlibdir}/{implementation_lower}{py_version_short}{abi_thread}',
+            'platstdlib': '{userbase}/{platlibdir}/{implementation_lower}{py_version_short}{abi_thread}',
+            'purelib': '{userbase}/lib/{implementation_lower}{py_version_short}{abi_thread}/site-packages',
+            'platlib': '{userbase}/lib/{implementation_lower}{py_version_short}{abi_thread}/site-packages',
+            'include': '{userbase}/include/{implementation_lower}{py_version_short}{abi_thread}',
             'scripts': '{userbase}/bin',
             'data': '{userbase}',
             },
@@ -340,7 +340,20 @@ def _init_posix(vars):
     """Initialize the module as appropriate for POSIX systems."""
     # _sysconfigdata is generated at build time, see _generate_posix_vars()
     name = _get_sysconfigdata_name()
-    _temp = __import__(name, globals(), locals(), ['build_time_vars'], 0)
+
+    # For cross builds, the path to the target's sysconfigdata must be specified
+    # so it can be imported. It cannot be in PYTHONPATH, as foreign modules in
+    # sys.path can cause crashes when loaded by the host interpreter.
+    # Rely on truthiness as a valueless env variable is still an empty string.
+    # See OS X note in _generate_posix_vars re _sysconfigdata.
+    if (path := os.environ.get('_PYTHON_SYSCONFIGDATA_PATH')):
+        from importlib.machinery import FileFinder, SourceFileLoader, SOURCE_SUFFIXES
+        from importlib.util import module_from_spec
+        spec = FileFinder(path, (SourceFileLoader, SOURCE_SUFFIXES)).find_spec(name)
+        _temp = module_from_spec(spec)
+        spec.loader.exec_module(_temp)
+    else:
+        _temp = __import__(name, globals(), locals(), ['build_time_vars'], 0)
     build_time_vars = _temp.build_time_vars
     vars.update(build_time_vars)
 
@@ -487,6 +500,9 @@ def _init_config_vars():
         # the init-function.
         _CONFIG_VARS['userbase'] = _getuserbase()
 
+    # e.g., 't' for free-threaded or '' for default build
+    _CONFIG_VARS['abi_thread'] = 't' if _CONFIG_VARS.get('Py_GIL_DISABLED') else ''
+
     # Always convert srcdir to an absolute path
     srcdir = _CONFIG_VARS.get('srcdir', _PROJECT_BASE)
     if os.name == 'posix':
@@ -639,7 +655,7 @@ def get_platform():
             release = m.group()
     elif osname[:6] == "darwin":
         if sys.platform == "ios":
-            release = get_config_vars().get("IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET", "12.0")
+            release = get_config_vars().get("IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET", "13.0")
             osname = sys.platform
             machine = sys.implementation._multiarch
         else:
@@ -655,6 +671,10 @@ def get_python_version():
     return _PY_VERSION_SHORT
 
 
+def _get_python_version_abi():
+    return _PY_VERSION_SHORT + get_config_var("abi_thread")
+
+
 def expand_makefile_vars(s, vars):
     """Expand Makefile-style variables -- "${foo}" or "$(foo)" -- in
     'string' according to 'vars' (a dictionary mapping variable names to
diff --git a/Lib/tabnanny.py b/Lib/tabnanny.py
index 7e56d4a48d1d00..c0097351b269f2 100644
--- a/Lib/tabnanny.py
+++ b/Lib/tabnanny.py
@@ -105,14 +105,14 @@ def check(file):
         errprint("%r: Token Error: %s" % (file, msg))
         return
 
-    except SyntaxError as msg:
-        errprint("%r: Token Error: %s" % (file, msg))
-        return
-
     except IndentationError as msg:
         errprint("%r: Indentation Error: %s" % (file, msg))
         return
 
+    except SyntaxError as msg:
+        errprint("%r: Syntax Error: %s" % (file, msg))
+        return
+
     except NannyNag as nag:
         badline = nag.get_lineno()
         line = nag.get_line()
diff --git a/Lib/tarfile.py b/Lib/tarfile.py
index d5d8a469779f50..1475b3da2d3293 100644
--- a/Lib/tarfile.py
+++ b/Lib/tarfile.py
@@ -845,6 +845,9 @@ def data_filter(member, dest_path):
 # Sentinel for replace() defaults, meaning "don't change the attribute"
 _KEEP = object()
 
+# Header length is digits followed by a space.
+_header_length_prefix_re = re.compile(br"([0-9]{1,20}) ")
+
 class TarInfo(object):
     """Informational class which holds the details about an
        archive member given by a tar header block.
@@ -1432,37 +1435,59 @@ def _proc_pax(self, tarfile):
         else:
             pax_headers = tarfile.pax_headers.copy()
 
-        # Check if the pax header contains a hdrcharset field. This tells us
-        # the encoding of the path, linkpath, uname and gname fields. Normally,
-        # these fields are UTF-8 encoded but since POSIX.1-2008 tar
-        # implementations are allowed to store them as raw binary strings if
-        # the translation to UTF-8 fails.
-        match = re.search(br"\d+ hdrcharset=([^\n]+)\n", buf)
-        if match is not None:
-            pax_headers["hdrcharset"] = match.group(1).decode("utf-8")
-
-        # For the time being, we don't care about anything other than "BINARY".
-        # The only other value that is currently allowed by the standard is
-        # "ISO-IR 10646 2000 UTF-8" in other words UTF-8.
-        hdrcharset = pax_headers.get("hdrcharset")
-        if hdrcharset == "BINARY":
-            encoding = tarfile.encoding
-        else:
-            encoding = "utf-8"
-
         # Parse pax header information. A record looks like that:
         # "%d %s=%s\n" % (length, keyword, value). length is the size
         # of the complete record including the length field itself and
-        # the newline. keyword and value are both UTF-8 encoded strings.
-        regex = re.compile(br"(\d+) ([^=]+)=")
+        # the newline.
         pos = 0
-        while match := regex.match(buf, pos):
-            length, keyword = match.groups()
-            length = int(length)
-            if length == 0:
+        encoding = None
+        raw_headers = []
+        while len(buf) > pos and buf[pos] != 0x00:
+            if not (match := _header_length_prefix_re.match(buf, pos)):
+                raise InvalidHeaderError("invalid header")
+            try:
+                length = int(match.group(1))
+            except ValueError:
+                raise InvalidHeaderError("invalid header")
+            # Headers must be at least 5 bytes, shortest being '5 x=\n'.
+            # Value is allowed to be empty.
+            if length < 5:
+                raise InvalidHeaderError("invalid header")
+            if pos + length > len(buf):
+                raise InvalidHeaderError("invalid header")
+
+            header_value_end_offset = match.start(1) + length - 1  # Last byte of the header
+            keyword_and_value = buf[match.end(1) + 1:header_value_end_offset]
+            raw_keyword, equals, raw_value = keyword_and_value.partition(b"=")
+
+            # Check the framing of the header. The last character must be '\n' (0x0A)
+            if not raw_keyword or equals != b"=" or buf[header_value_end_offset] != 0x0A:
                 raise InvalidHeaderError("invalid header")
-            value = buf[match.end(2) + 1:match.start(1) + length - 1]
+            raw_headers.append((length, raw_keyword, raw_value))
+
+            # Check if the pax header contains a hdrcharset field. This tells us
+            # the encoding of the path, linkpath, uname and gname fields. Normally,
+            # these fields are UTF-8 encoded but since POSIX.1-2008 tar
+            # implementations are allowed to store them as raw binary strings if
+            # the translation to UTF-8 fails. For the time being, we don't care about
+            # anything other than "BINARY". The only other value that is currently
+            # allowed by the standard is "ISO-IR 10646 2000 UTF-8" in other words UTF-8.
+            # Note that we only follow the initial 'hdrcharset' setting to preserve
+            # the initial behavior of the 'tarfile' module.
+            if raw_keyword == b"hdrcharset" and encoding is None:
+                if raw_value == b"BINARY":
+                    encoding = tarfile.encoding
+                else:  # This branch ensures only the first 'hdrcharset' header is used.
+                    encoding = "utf-8"
 
+            pos += length
+
+        # If no explicit hdrcharset is set, we use UTF-8 as a default.
+        if encoding is None:
+            encoding = "utf-8"
+
+        # After parsing the raw headers we can decode them to text.
+        for length, raw_keyword, raw_value in raw_headers:
             # Normally, we could just use "utf-8" as the encoding and "strict"
             # as the error handler, but we better not take the risk. For
             # example, GNU tar <= 1.23 is known to store filenames it cannot
@@ -1470,17 +1495,16 @@ def _proc_pax(self, tarfile):
             # hdrcharset=BINARY header).
             # We first try the strict standard encoding, and if that fails we
             # fall back on the user's encoding and error handler.
-            keyword = self._decode_pax_field(keyword, "utf-8", "utf-8",
+            keyword = self._decode_pax_field(raw_keyword, "utf-8", "utf-8",
                     tarfile.errors)
             if keyword in PAX_NAME_FIELDS:
-                value = self._decode_pax_field(value, encoding, tarfile.encoding,
+                value = self._decode_pax_field(raw_value, encoding, tarfile.encoding,
                         tarfile.errors)
             else:
-                value = self._decode_pax_field(value, "utf-8", "utf-8",
+                value = self._decode_pax_field(raw_value, "utf-8", "utf-8",
                         tarfile.errors)
 
             pax_headers[keyword] = value
-            pos += length
 
         # Fetch the next header.
         try:
@@ -1495,7 +1519,7 @@ def _proc_pax(self, tarfile):
 
         elif "GNU.sparse.size" in pax_headers:
             # GNU extended sparse format version 0.0.
-            self._proc_gnusparse_00(next, pax_headers, buf)
+            self._proc_gnusparse_00(next, raw_headers)
 
         elif pax_headers.get("GNU.sparse.major") == "1" and pax_headers.get("GNU.sparse.minor") == "0":
             # GNU extended sparse format version 1.0.
@@ -1517,15 +1541,24 @@ def _proc_pax(self, tarfile):
 
         return next
 
-    def _proc_gnusparse_00(self, next, pax_headers, buf):
+    def _proc_gnusparse_00(self, next, raw_headers):
         """Process a GNU tar extended sparse header, version 0.0.
         """
         offsets = []
-        for match in re.finditer(br"\d+ GNU.sparse.offset=(\d+)\n", buf):
-            offsets.append(int(match.group(1)))
         numbytes = []
-        for match in re.finditer(br"\d+ GNU.sparse.numbytes=(\d+)\n", buf):
-            numbytes.append(int(match.group(1)))
+        for _, keyword, value in raw_headers:
+            if keyword == b"GNU.sparse.offset":
+                try:
+                    offsets.append(int(value.decode()))
+                except ValueError:
+                    raise InvalidHeaderError("invalid header")
+
+            elif keyword == b"GNU.sparse.numbytes":
+                try:
+                    numbytes.append(int(value.decode()))
+                except ValueError:
+                    raise InvalidHeaderError("invalid header")
+
         next.sparse = list(zip(offsets, numbytes))
 
     def _proc_gnusparse_01(self, next, pax_headers):
@@ -2248,13 +2281,7 @@ def _get_filter_function(self, filter):
         if filter is None:
             filter = self.extraction_filter
             if filter is None:
-                import warnings
-                warnings.warn(
-                    'Python 3.14 will, by default, filter extracted tar '
-                    + 'archives and reject files or modify their metadata. '
-                    + 'Use the filter argument to control this behavior.',
-                    DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=3)
-                return fully_trusted_filter
+                return data_filter
             if isinstance(filter, str):
                 raise TypeError(
                     'String names are not supported for '
diff --git a/Lib/test/_test_eintr.py b/Lib/test/_test_eintr.py
index 15586f15dfab30..493932d6c6d441 100644
--- a/Lib/test/_test_eintr.py
+++ b/Lib/test/_test_eintr.py
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 import socket
 import subprocess
 import sys
+import textwrap
 import time
 import unittest
 
@@ -492,29 +493,31 @@ def test_devpoll(self):
         self.check_elapsed_time(dt)
 
 
-class FNTLEINTRTest(EINTRBaseTest):
+class FCNTLEINTRTest(EINTRBaseTest):
     def _lock(self, lock_func, lock_name):
         self.addCleanup(os_helper.unlink, os_helper.TESTFN)
-        code = '\n'.join((
-            "import fcntl, time",
-            "with open('%s', 'wb') as f:" % os_helper.TESTFN,
-            "   fcntl.%s(f, fcntl.LOCK_EX)" % lock_name,
-            "   time.sleep(%s)" % self.sleep_time))
-        start_time = time.monotonic()
-        proc = self.subprocess(code)
+        rd1, wr1 = os.pipe()
+        rd2, wr2 = os.pipe()
+        for fd in (rd1, wr1, rd2, wr2):
+            self.addCleanup(os.close, fd)
+        code = textwrap.dedent(f"""
+            import fcntl, os, time
+            with open('{os_helper.TESTFN}', 'wb') as f:
+                fcntl.{lock_name}(f, fcntl.LOCK_EX)
+                os.write({wr1}, b"ok")
+                _ = os.read({rd2}, 2)  # wait for parent process
+                time.sleep({self.sleep_time})
+        """)
+        proc = self.subprocess(code, pass_fds=[wr1, rd2])
         with kill_on_error(proc):
             with open(os_helper.TESTFN, 'wb') as f:
                 # synchronize the subprocess
+                ok = os.read(rd1, 2)
+                self.assertEqual(ok, b"ok")
+
+                # notify the child that the parent is ready
                 start_time = time.monotonic()
-                for _ in support.sleeping_retry(support.LONG_TIMEOUT, error=False):
-                    try:
-                        lock_func(f, fcntl.LOCK_EX | fcntl.LOCK_NB)
-                        lock_func(f, fcntl.LOCK_UN)
-                    except BlockingIOError:
-                        break
-                else:
-                    dt = time.monotonic() - start_time
-                    raise Exception("failed to sync child in %.1f sec" % dt)
+                os.write(wr2, b"go")
 
                 # the child locked the file just a moment ago for 'sleep_time' seconds
                 # that means that the lock below will block for 'sleep_time' minus some
diff --git a/Lib/test/_test_embed_set_config.py b/Lib/test/_test_embed_set_config.py
index 5ff521892cb6fe..7edb35da463aa0 100644
--- a/Lib/test/_test_embed_set_config.py
+++ b/Lib/test/_test_embed_set_config.py
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 # (before the site module is run).
 
 import _testinternalcapi
-import os
 import sys
 import unittest
 from test import support
@@ -138,7 +137,8 @@ def test_set_invalid(self):
             'warnoptions',
             'module_search_paths',
         ):
-            value_tests.append((key, invalid_wstrlist))
+            if key != 'xoptions':
+                value_tests.append((key, invalid_wstrlist))
             type_tests.append((key, 123))
             type_tests.append((key, "abc"))
             type_tests.append((key, [123]))
@@ -161,14 +161,14 @@ def test_set_invalid(self):
     def test_flags(self):
         bool_options = set(BOOL_OPTIONS)
         for sys_attr, key, value in (
-            ("debug", "parser_debug", 1),
-            ("inspect", "inspect", 2),
-            ("interactive", "interactive", 3),
-            ("optimize", "optimization_level", 4),
-            ("verbose", "verbose", 1),
-            ("bytes_warning", "bytes_warning", 10),
-            ("quiet", "quiet", 11),
-            ("isolated", "isolated", 12),
+            ("debug", "parser_debug", 2),
+            ("inspect", "inspect", 3),
+            ("interactive", "interactive", 4),
+            ("optimize", "optimization_level", 5),
+            ("verbose", "verbose", 6),
+            ("bytes_warning", "bytes_warning", 7),
+            ("quiet", "quiet", 8),
+            ("isolated", "isolated", 9),
         ):
             with self.subTest(sys=sys_attr, key=key, value=value):
                 self.set_config(**{key: value, 'parse_argv': 0})
@@ -229,9 +229,9 @@ def test_options(self):
         self.check(warnoptions=[])
         self.check(warnoptions=["default", "ignore"])
 
-        self.set_config(xoptions=[])
+        self.set_config(xoptions={})
         self.assertEqual(sys._xoptions, {})
-        self.set_config(xoptions=["dev", "tracemalloc=5"])
+        self.set_config(xoptions={"dev": True, "tracemalloc": "5"})
         self.assertEqual(sys._xoptions, {"dev": True, "tracemalloc": "5"})
 
     def test_pathconfig(self):
diff --git a/Lib/test/_test_embed_structseq.py b/Lib/test/_test_embed_structseq.py
index 834daa4df55fec..154662efce9412 100644
--- a/Lib/test/_test_embed_structseq.py
+++ b/Lib/test/_test_embed_structseq.py
@@ -1,31 +1,27 @@
 import sys
 import types
+import unittest
 
-# Note: This test file can't import `unittest` since the runtime can't
-# currently guarantee that it will not leak memory. Doing so will mark
-# the test as passing but with reference leaks. This can safely import
-# the `unittest` library once there's a strict guarantee of no leaks
-# during runtime shutdown.
 
 # bpo-46417: Test that structseq types used by the sys module are still
 # valid when Py_Finalize()/Py_Initialize() are called multiple times.
-class TestStructSeq:
+class TestStructSeq(unittest.TestCase):
     # test PyTypeObject members
-    def _check_structseq(self, obj_type):
+    def check_structseq(self, obj_type):
         # ob_refcnt
-        assert sys.getrefcount(obj_type) > 1
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(sys.getrefcount(obj_type), 1)
         # tp_base
-        assert issubclass(obj_type, tuple)
+        self.assertTrue(issubclass(obj_type, tuple))
         # tp_bases
-        assert obj_type.__bases__ == (tuple,)
+        self.assertEqual(obj_type.__bases__, (tuple,))
         # tp_dict
-        assert isinstance(obj_type.__dict__, types.MappingProxyType)
+        self.assertIsInstance(obj_type.__dict__, types.MappingProxyType)
         # tp_mro
-        assert obj_type.__mro__ == (obj_type, tuple, object)
+        self.assertEqual(obj_type.__mro__, (obj_type, tuple, object))
         # tp_name
-        assert isinstance(type.__name__, str)
+        self.assertIsInstance(type.__name__, str)
         # tp_subclasses
-        assert obj_type.__subclasses__() == []
+        self.assertEqual(obj_type.__subclasses__(), [])
 
     def test_sys_attrs(self):
         for attr_name in (
@@ -36,23 +32,30 @@ def test_sys_attrs(self):
             'thread_info',    # ThreadInfoType
             'version_info',   # VersionInfoType
         ):
-            attr = getattr(sys, attr_name)
-            self._check_structseq(type(attr))
+            with self.subTest(attr=attr_name):
+                attr = getattr(sys, attr_name)
+                self.check_structseq(type(attr))
 
     def test_sys_funcs(self):
         func_names = ['get_asyncgen_hooks']  # AsyncGenHooksType
         if hasattr(sys, 'getwindowsversion'):
             func_names.append('getwindowsversion')  # WindowsVersionType
         for func_name in func_names:
-            func = getattr(sys, func_name)
-            obj = func()
-            self._check_structseq(type(obj))
+            with self.subTest(func=func_name):
+                func = getattr(sys, func_name)
+                obj = func()
+                self.check_structseq(type(obj))
 
 
 try:
-    tests = TestStructSeq()
-    tests.test_sys_attrs()
-    tests.test_sys_funcs()
+    unittest.main(
+        module=(
+            '__main__'
+            if __name__ == '__main__'
+            # Avoiding a circular import:
+            else sys.modules['test._test_embed_structseq']
+        )
+    )
 except SystemExit as exc:
     if exc.args[0] != 0:
         raise
diff --git a/Lib/test/_test_multiprocessing.py b/Lib/test/_test_multiprocessing.py
index 301541a666e140..065fc27b770438 100644
--- a/Lib/test/_test_multiprocessing.py
+++ b/Lib/test/_test_multiprocessing.py
@@ -1332,6 +1332,23 @@ def _on_queue_feeder_error(e, obj):
         self.assertTrue(not_serializable_obj.reduce_was_called)
         self.assertTrue(not_serializable_obj.on_queue_feeder_error_was_called)
 
+    def test_closed_queue_empty_exceptions(self):
+        # Assert that checking the emptiness of an unused closed queue
+        # does not raise an OSError. The rationale is that q.close() is
+        # a no-op upon construction and becomes effective once the queue
+        # has been used (e.g., by calling q.put()).
+        for q in multiprocessing.Queue(), multiprocessing.JoinableQueue():
+            q.close()  # this is a no-op since the feeder thread is None
+            q.join_thread()  # this is also a no-op
+            self.assertTrue(q.empty())
+
+        for q in multiprocessing.Queue(), multiprocessing.JoinableQueue():
+            q.put('foo')  # make sure that the queue is 'used'
+            q.close()  # close the feeder thread
+            q.join_thread()  # make sure to join the feeder thread
+            with self.assertRaisesRegex(OSError, 'is closed'):
+                q.empty()
+
     def test_closed_queue_put_get_exceptions(self):
         for q in multiprocessing.Queue(), multiprocessing.JoinableQueue():
             q.close()
@@ -5536,15 +5553,29 @@ def test_set_get(self):
             multiprocessing.set_start_method(old_method, force=True)
         self.assertGreaterEqual(count, 1)
 
-    def test_get_all(self):
+    def test_get_all_start_methods(self):
         methods = multiprocessing.get_all_start_methods()
+        self.assertIn('spawn', methods)
         if sys.platform == 'win32':
             self.assertEqual(methods, ['spawn'])
+        elif sys.platform == 'darwin':
+            self.assertEqual(methods[0], 'spawn')  # The default is first.
+            # Whether these work or not, they remain available on macOS.
+            self.assertIn('fork', methods)
+            self.assertIn('forkserver', methods)
         else:
-            self.assertTrue(methods == ['fork', 'spawn'] or
-                            methods == ['spawn', 'fork'] or
-                            methods == ['fork', 'spawn', 'forkserver'] or
-                            methods == ['spawn', 'fork', 'forkserver'])
+            # POSIX
+            self.assertIn('fork', methods)
+            if other_methods := set(methods) - {'fork', 'spawn'}:
+                # If there are more than those two, forkserver must be one.
+                self.assertEqual({'forkserver'}, other_methods)
+            # The default is the first method in the list.
+            self.assertIn(methods[0], {'forkserver', 'spawn'},
+                          msg='3.14+ default must not be fork')
+            if methods[0] == 'spawn':
+                # Confirm that the current default selection logic prefers
+                # forkserver vs spawn when available.
+                self.assertNotIn('forkserver', methods)
 
     def test_preload_resources(self):
         if multiprocessing.get_start_method() != 'forkserver':
@@ -5730,6 +5761,8 @@ def test_resource_tracker_sigterm(self):
         # Catchable signal (ignored by semaphore tracker)
         self.check_resource_tracker_death(signal.SIGTERM, False)
 
+    @unittest.skipIf(sys.platform.startswith("netbsd"),
+                     "gh-125620: Skip on NetBSD due to long wait for SIGKILL process termination.")
     def test_resource_tracker_sigkill(self):
         # Uncatchable signal.
         self.check_resource_tracker_death(signal.SIGKILL, True)
@@ -5815,6 +5848,15 @@ def _test_empty(cls, queue, child_can_start, parent_can_continue):
         finally:
             parent_can_continue.set()
 
+    def test_empty_exceptions(self):
+        # Assert that checking emptiness of a closed queue raises
+        # an OSError, independently of whether the queue was used
+        # or not. This differs from Queue and JoinableQueue.
+        q = multiprocessing.SimpleQueue()
+        q.close()  # close the pipe
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(OSError, 'is closed'):
+            q.empty()
+
     def test_empty(self):
         queue = multiprocessing.SimpleQueue()
         child_can_start = multiprocessing.Event()
diff --git a/Lib/test/audit-tests.py b/Lib/test/audit-tests.py
index b9021467817f27..6df09d891433ea 100644
--- a/Lib/test/audit-tests.py
+++ b/Lib/test/audit-tests.py
@@ -567,6 +567,17 @@ def hook(event, args):
     _winapi.CreateNamedPipe(pipe_name, _winapi.PIPE_ACCESS_DUPLEX, 8, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0)
 
 
+def test_assert_unicode():
+    import sys
+    sys.addaudithook(lambda *args: None)
+    try:
+        sys.audit(9)
+    except TypeError:
+        pass
+    else:
+        raise RuntimeError("Expected sys.audit(9) to fail.")
+
+
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     from test.support import suppress_msvcrt_asserts
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/certdata/allsans.pem b/Lib/test/certdata/allsans.pem
index 02f2c2e6346ef8..f6a63b9219d246 100644
--- a/Lib/test/certdata/allsans.pem
+++ b/Lib/test/certdata/allsans.pem
@@ -1,42 +1,42 @@
 -----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
-MIIG/QIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCBucwggbjAgEAAoIBgQCczEVv5D2UDtn6
-DMmZ/uCWCLyL+K5xTZp/5j3cyISoaTuU1Ku3kD97eLgpHj4Fgk5ZJi21zsQqepCj
-jAhBk6tj6RYUcnMbb8MuxUkQMEDW+5LfSyp+HCaetlHosWdhEDqX4kpJ5ajBwNRt
-07mxQExtC4kcno0ut9rG5XzLN29XpCpRHlFFrntOgQAEoiz9/fc8qaTgb37RgGYP
-Qsxh7PcRDRe4ZGx1l06Irr8Y+2W50zWCfkwCS3DaLDOKIjSOfPHNqmfcfsTpzrj8
-330cdPklrMIuiBv+iGklCjkPZJiEhxvY2k6ERM4HAxxuPCivrH5MCeMNYvBVUcLr
-GROm7JRXRllI/XubwwoAaAb+y+dZtCZ9AnzHIb+nyKiJxWAjzjR+QPL6jHrVWBVA
-WTc83YP5FvxUXMfY3sVv9tNSCV3cpYOW5+iXcQzLuczXnOLRYk7p9wkb0/hk9KuK
-4BMA90eBhvFMCFgHJ1/xJg2nFmBHPo/xbcwPG/ma5T/McA8mAlECAwEAAQKCAYAB
-m29nxPNjod5Wm4xydWQYbZj/J0qkcyru/i1qpqyDbGa1sRNcg5A/A/8BPuPcWxhR
-/hvwVeD5XX2/i2cnQuv6D3DQP1cSNCxQPanwzknP2k7IVqUmG0RDErPWuoDIhCnR
-ljp0NPQsnj0fLhEkcbgG0xwx7KceUDigGsiTbatIvvBHGhQzrmTpqlVVdtMWvGRt
-HQEJYuMuIw6IwALHyy3CITv5wh/Bec5OhNoFF8iUZceR4ZkGWf8bYWIa25xlzH6K
-4rhOOh1G2ObHHTjhZq4mGXTHY1MEkAxXKWlR3DJc0Lh5E1UETSI6WBHWRb08iwQ5
-AkLOPyMpt08xHFWbJqywvlxenpri+gjY3xbXqGNhyDYWHZqlQmJVnzxoUOuuHi2R
-dO86IckUc4Thjbm7a6AilL9t8juNZvyeQUVgtVi25uPkm/cK6r5vo8y4UOUU41EN
-NOathlF69gh93il4t6zJW9jPV2WENv1H/vhKUWKW6cabX3vy4rANwy3q4V//GDEC
-gcEAuniGCHaEdSjV2sUHyt/yrCLbU6+eLTfNk6AQyXJk6Wrvj6g3gx90ewEq5i/C
-ukmSKDslr9pupq8Z/UNfYHZfJfpwEsYvIZ8DdFSd62/h66DhIoEn1v3Lwt+aexgX
-yGJHF0BG9JA2CU5Z5NGjlnQYqQBobO9uZMq62l15Ig1MAMHGL0ZYVvOqGZD7XvtC
-4UnclK5kjp51Vd5rydEQxyi5qkyLl9Q6T0FQXOphGIOd8ifYeUGe7YC72cFPevdx
-wDXZAoHBANdDVvCMrjmzdrS6td39/2nHTeerFPbsOe2LIQYzqjeEe6GWqd2NL9NZ
-bk3/cAuVgbWtdvSQQhhmSqOC7JZic4hbZb3lK6v/sr4F/Zu0CfAu80swWFMeS7vq
-eQeYzN4w4dKpJArvU3ll7N9AlZhdlYkbPf0WdeOIjZawdAOxNtNe0O+j+5MsXR59
-qkULatumhcKUnqxFCiVHzy21CVJtRzrtu6oGoSdFbmG82eSJ1rPXiuuDnCyzjyMW
-iClYRM4NOQKBwERnO/vUxihYT4LOLlqcpl/A9aYQUT0TMGWMHTxYq2343WJceeiu
-3ELXHc6NDKjbnjMF54BH57lbmHQQh+dR5PuAkCZC7z0tIM5G0Bty0nRmcs/+gwfZ
-2Cpnbjrjjq3iZ2O/H4hNcpUdWdqXkKP7eKReUvBLMLrmp369NVdpe0z3yGTFMFjN
-T8PLLHsePt14A+PCyX6L4E0cp3vEJpx4cwtmwvpyTuWN9xXuoKmmdoVDWqS4jr1f
-MQnjYO2h4ed5mQKBwGVttWli4DUP+r7tuwP+ynptDqg6VIaEiEcFZ2okre+63QYm
-l6NtAzvyx6a41XKf355bPdG+p2YXzNN+vTue6BE3/5iagxloQjCHYhgbnRMvDDRB
-c1y2ybihoqWRufZ30fARAoqkehCZliMbq2E/t1YDIBJAowuzLAP04LVcqxitdIV2
-HvQZ00aqr7AY0SDuNdiZbqp9XWpzi4td4iaUlxuNKP/UX9rBPGGROpoU2LWkujB+
-svfdI3TFCSNyE/mDAQKBwQCP++WZKxExrSFRk3W+TcHKHZb2pusfoPWE7WH6EnDW
-dkTZpa3PZaf0xgeglmNBv4Paxw2eMPsIhyNv62XY/6GbY6VJWRyx/s+NsazeP4ji
-xUOufnwTePjYw6x0pcl6BknZrHn8LCJU741h0yTum8cDdNfRKdc0AMy0gVXk4ZTG
-2cAtbEcWb3J+a5kYf6mp5yx3BNwtewkGZhc2VuQ9mQNbMmOOS/pHQQTRWcxsQwyt
-GPAhMKawjrL1KFmu7vIqDSw=
+MIIG/QIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCBucwggbjAgEAAoIBgQCYEY+lIwS/w+gA
+U5PfxSeL4qMF5TtFkrifL0oQaCjWFb8jeX2Rb1tKaObyrYmTURVWbMkI1LJOQWYt
+GlANo2mvf4VD1wZZ/x/Tmylxe3A7itSTZgZuGXLHtFP9wk7yS46BlVcNq3ZoOi7k
+k8NxTiUqgsmLg3Nj+Ifk8OI7c1BcP2pa1wZO/l3PTWqtFSLsFEvOK5N6ZPqILAUi
+5vEkOiFefxVHHvD4N3IWSFgSwiDi9KhntdRwa+axsZxjq/o70FjQO5q5Quym9aDq
+qo47PMykEb1gdTBQK1mPliMKsLi5zycI/ypm1PEcH53+9/F+U2B1bmvA/9PBx8T7
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+AgM/DHO0fGCYGRUw2vhV3ZIRCm0BqwforeFh+2oMyZjDjvo/uZjZNazdpcwvOy0c
+lFkORwVI0zTIixXYSV4xN1BX821JCuhYubro89m+MSjxO14qgs0CAwEAAQKCAYAZ
+txqF7+qNLSlN6NRASnw6BQzRYebIiJus25fYN2z0awAEFTbdQan75sprLlpt7Y/A
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+kjcXAXFFouC/DnKG65YOfGq772ekFuw06Lm4DEotQP02pESfAP9ulVufK2yJtbxi
+m0PeN3JRrs/H72VW9hUSxCafNRyBeZ6nsfzEfEkPOdc+lRGeMHT9C7r7Y1asNk8A
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+wW5SK/wnlv75hlY+vABuu1lbfsDmzfnk3RORnm1sJP9JmbQm4AMRfw5jjl7uGiJf
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+5XWher4XNiJIG57jCBJpoB30J3b1KS9i8peFL0aJ+pXhiV+EnuxZAJkYBdCyJYn+
+hb6rxeV+xta0XlOXW/UL+QfqcttUgtRvC3JmGEsibw9nx88l+mIDZZ8E4/3qytCd
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+DZyXGY2SxJFMipakzOppusaQOYmO+VXKVDRJm8UG6fa2cdXjwm2kDxHB5E+v59VI
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+w0YCQFVxx/K95nzKyRTjHTQ=
 -----END PRIVATE KEY-----
 Certificate:
     Data:
@@ -47,38 +47,38 @@ Certificate:
         Issuer: C=XY, O=Python Software Foundation CA, CN=our-ca-server
         Validity
             Not Before: Aug 29 14:23:16 2018 GMT
-            Not After : Oct 28 14:23:16 2037 GMT
+            Not After : Oct 28 14:23:16 2525 GMT
         Subject: C=XY, L=Castle Anthrax, O=Python Software Foundation, CN=allsans
         Subject Public Key Info:
             Public Key Algorithm: rsaEncryption
                 Public-Key: (3072 bit)
                 Modulus:
-                    00:9c:cc:45:6f:e4:3d:94:0e:d9:fa:0c:c9:99:fe:
-                    e0:96:08:bc:8b:f8:ae:71:4d:9a:7f:e6:3d:dc:c8:
-                    84:a8:69:3b:94:d4:ab:b7:90:3f:7b:78:b8:29:1e:
-                    3e:05:82:4e:59:26:2d:b5:ce:c4:2a:7a:90:a3:8c:
-                    08:41:93:ab:63:e9:16:14:72:73:1b:6f:c3:2e:c5:
-                    49:10:30:40:d6:fb:92:df:4b:2a:7e:1c:26:9e:b6:
-                    51:e8:b1:67:61:10:3a:97:e2:4a:49:e5:a8:c1:c0:
-                    d4:6d:d3:b9:b1:40:4c:6d:0b:89:1c:9e:8d:2e:b7:
-                    da:c6:e5:7c:cb:37:6f:57:a4:2a:51:1e:51:45:ae:
-                    7b:4e:81:00:04:a2:2c:fd:fd:f7:3c:a9:a4:e0:6f:
-                    7e:d1:80:66:0f:42:cc:61:ec:f7:11:0d:17:b8:64:
-                    6c:75:97:4e:88:ae:bf:18:fb:65:b9:d3:35:82:7e:
-                    4c:02:4b:70:da:2c:33:8a:22:34:8e:7c:f1:cd:aa:
-                    67:dc:7e:c4:e9:ce:b8:fc:df:7d:1c:74:f9:25:ac:
-                    c2:2e:88:1b:fe:88:69:25:0a:39:0f:64:98:84:87:
-                    1b:d8:da:4e:84:44:ce:07:03:1c:6e:3c:28:af:ac:
-                    7e:4c:09:e3:0d:62:f0:55:51:c2:eb:19:13:a6:ec:
-                    94:57:46:59:48:fd:7b:9b:c3:0a:00:68:06:fe:cb:
-                    e7:59:b4:26:7d:02:7c:c7:21:bf:a7:c8:a8:89:c5:
-                    60:23:ce:34:7e:40:f2:fa:8c:7a:d5:58:15:40:59:
-                    37:3c:dd:83:f9:16:fc:54:5c:c7:d8:de:c5:6f:f6:
-                    d3:52:09:5d:dc:a5:83:96:e7:e8:97:71:0c:cb:b9:
-                    cc:d7:9c:e2:d1:62:4e:e9:f7:09:1b:d3:f8:64:f4:
-                    ab:8a:e0:13:00:f7:47:81:86:f1:4c:08:58:07:27:
-                    5f:f1:26:0d:a7:16:60:47:3e:8f:f1:6d:cc:0f:1b:
-                    f9:9a:e5:3f:cc:70:0f:26:02:51
+                    00:98:11:8f:a5:23:04:bf:c3:e8:00:53:93:df:c5:
+                    27:8b:e2:a3:05:e5:3b:45:92:b8:9f:2f:4a:10:68:
+                    28:d6:15:bf:23:79:7d:91:6f:5b:4a:68:e6:f2:ad:
+                    89:93:51:15:56:6c:c9:08:d4:b2:4e:41:66:2d:1a:
+                    50:0d:a3:69:af:7f:85:43:d7:06:59:ff:1f:d3:9b:
+                    29:71:7b:70:3b:8a:d4:93:66:06:6e:19:72:c7:b4:
+                    53:fd:c2:4e:f2:4b:8e:81:95:57:0d:ab:76:68:3a:
+                    2e:e4:93:c3:71:4e:25:2a:82:c9:8b:83:73:63:f8:
+                    87:e4:f0:e2:3b:73:50:5c:3f:6a:5a:d7:06:4e:fe:
+                    5d:cf:4d:6a:ad:15:22:ec:14:4b:ce:2b:93:7a:64:
+                    fa:88:2c:05:22:e6:f1:24:3a:21:5e:7f:15:47:1e:
+                    f0:f8:37:72:16:48:58:12:c2:20:e2:f4:a8:67:b5:
+                    d4:70:6b:e6:b1:b1:9c:63:ab:fa:3b:d0:58:d0:3b:
+                    9a:b9:42:ec:a6:f5:a0:ea:aa:8e:3b:3c:cc:a4:11:
+                    bd:60:75:30:50:2b:59:8f:96:23:0a:b0:b8:b9:cf:
+                    27:08:ff:2a:66:d4:f1:1c:1f:9d:fe:f7:f1:7e:53:
+                    60:75:6e:6b:c0:ff:d3:c1:c7:c4:fb:85:4c:9c:94:
+                    16:d0:1c:29:9d:71:72:18:0a:01:6b:e4:06:c6:4b:
+                    78:c5:79:53:e2:17:b8:42:3e:3d:64:fe:37:29:6b:
+                    25:d9:02:d5:a6:a8:94:e5:91:72:86:6c:ce:bc:02:
+                    03:3f:0c:73:b4:7c:60:98:19:15:30:da:f8:55:dd:
+                    92:11:0a:6d:01:ab:07:e8:ad:e1:61:fb:6a:0c:c9:
+                    98:c3:8e:fa:3f:b9:98:d9:35:ac:dd:a5:cc:2f:3b:
+                    2d:1c:94:59:0e:47:05:48:d3:34:c8:8b:15:d8:49:
+                    5e:31:37:50:57:f3:6d:49:0a:e8:58:b9:ba:e8:f3:
+                    d9:be:31:28:f1:3b:5e:2a:82:cd
                 Exponent: 65537 (0x10001)
         X509v3 extensions:
             X509v3 Subject Alternative Name: 
@@ -90,9 +90,9 @@ Certificate:
             X509v3 Basic Constraints: critical
                 CA:FALSE
             X509v3 Subject Key Identifier: 
-                31:5E:C0:5E:2F:47:FF:8B:92:F9:EE:3D:B1:87:D0:53:75:3B:B1:48
+                73:0D:4E:1F:4A:EC:F2:53:0F:53:FC:85:6F:CF:82:CD:A3:E8:11:8D
             X509v3 Authority Key Identifier: 
-                keyid:F3:EC:94:8E:F2:8E:30:C4:8E:68:C2:BF:8E:6A:19:C0:C1:9F:76:65
+                keyid:C0:0A:2B:28:43:DE:5F:C9:7D:47:E5:47:9B:36:F2:65:8C:67:3B:E2
                 DirName:/C=XY/O=Python Software Foundation CA/CN=our-ca-server
                 serial:CB:2D:80:99:5A:69:52:5B
             Authority Information Access: 
@@ -103,65 +103,65 @@ Certificate:
                   URI:http://testca.pythontest.net/testca/revocation.crl
     Signature Algorithm: sha256WithRSAEncryption
     Signature Value:
-        72:42:a6:fc:ee:3c:21:47:05:33:e8:8c:6b:27:07:4a:ed:e2:
-        81:47:96:79:43:ff:0f:ef:5a:06:aa:4c:01:70:5b:21:c4:b7:
-        5d:17:29:c8:10:02:c3:08:7b:8c:86:56:9e:e9:7c:6e:a8:b6:
-        26:13:9e:1e:1f:93:66:85:67:63:9e:08:fb:55:39:56:82:f5:
-        be:0c:38:1e:eb:c4:54:b2:a7:7b:18:55:bb:00:87:43:50:50:
-        bb:e1:29:10:cf:3d:c9:07:c7:d2:5d:b6:45:68:1f:d6:de:00:
-        96:3e:29:73:f6:22:70:21:a2:ba:68:28:94:ec:37:bc:a7:00:
-        70:58:4e:d1:48:ae:ef:8d:11:a4:6e:10:2f:92:83:07:e2:76:
-        ac:bf:4f:bb:d6:9f:47:9e:a4:02:03:16:f8:a8:0a:3d:67:17:
-        31:44:0e:68:d0:d3:24:d5:e7:bf:67:30:8f:88:97:92:0a:1e:
-        d7:74:df:7e:7b:4c:c6:d9:c3:84:92:2b:a0:89:11:08:4c:dd:
-        32:49:df:36:23:d4:63:56:e4:f1:68:5a:6f:a0:c3:3c:e2:36:
-        ee:f3:46:60:78:4d:76:a5:5a:4a:61:c6:f8:ae:18:68:c2:8d:
-        0e:2f:76:50:bb:be:b9:56:f1:04:5c:ac:ad:d7:d6:a4:1e:45:
-        45:52:f4:10:a2:0f:9b:e3:d9:73:17:b6:52:42:a6:5b:c9:e9:
-        8d:60:74:68:d0:1f:7a:ce:01:8e:9e:55:cb:cf:64:c1:cc:9a:
-        72:aa:b4:5f:b5:55:13:41:10:51:a0:2c:a5:5b:43:12:ca:cc:
-        b7:c4:ac:f2:6f:72:fd:0d:50:6a:d6:81:c1:91:93:21:fe:de:
-        9a:be:e5:3c:2a:98:95:a1:42:f8:f2:5c:75:c6:f1:fd:11:b1:
-        22:26:33:5b:43:63:21:06:61:d2:cd:04:f3:30:c6:a8:3f:17:
-        d3:05:a3:87:45:2e:52:1e:51:88:e3:59:4c:78:51:b0:7b:b4:
-        58:d9:27:22:6e:8c
+        a5:3d:12:87:b9:3b:3e:9c:1c:59:fb:d5:38:22:49:61:f3:c3:
+        11:53:4b:4e:63:af:f2:3d:ef:24:67:45:bc:74:5c:4a:65:c5:
+        b4:bb:fe:84:b8:b6:ca:7d:fc:aa:ff:80:ae:67:1f:cb:c3:cd:
+        8f:f9:75:8c:f9:d3:3f:db:f6:81:d8:06:42:c3:5d:a9:1e:a3:
+        81:7d:57:ac:97:d9:bd:c8:ce:1e:ec:74:d7:94:d5:df:b1:ad:
+        ce:84:14:5c:8c:45:a4:a8:eb:67:ab:16:57:61:15:86:ae:11:
+        1e:b5:10:42:de:84:76:88:9b:37:12:aa:a6:77:42:75:b4:c0:
+        04:b3:75:45:e0:d7:aa:34:e3:07:c5:ed:f8:4e:f0:39:99:1f:
+        5b:d8:4e:0c:ad:64:6d:09:07:3f:e3:e1:9f:1b:65:07:96:59:
+        9a:b5:f1:4d:c3:ec:f7:32:a1:05:94:d1:0b:18:54:3c:67:cf:
+        38:f5:2b:ec:cb:bd:79:be:f7:1b:b7:71:3f:c6:44:80:7f:00:
+        dc:3d:a0:07:c0:b5:1c:fb:52:f6:a0:f8:92:c6:c6:73:07:c5:
+        ca:0b:04:7c:55:51:e3:ba:93:32:17:bd:61:ae:cf:13:e4:5e:
+        03:b2:51:11:c7:68:f5:08:b6:0e:57:49:11:3c:e3:f4:0e:e1:
+        96:20:44:28:31:94:11:44:50:cf:17:70:8d:9c:14:c5:ed:94:
+        4d:ba:94:9b:db:8b:9f:55:a1:5e:0a:90:bb:a0:0e:0d:3b:a0:
+        dd:4d:47:d1:cf:d0:47:6b:ff:6f:af:e4:83:40:73:e6:3a:59:
+        40:bd:4f:3a:21:22:63:27:5d:02:26:67:89:1d:2f:19:c5:77:
+        e6:b5:67:4a:dd:b5:0e:de:46:34:57:c7:03:84:5d:cd:34:08:
+        8f:47:c9:4d:7f:04:c0:4f:ff:68:52:bb:ae:84:0e:54:ce:5c:
+        27:71:0f:a2:3f:9f:7a:49:a8:fa:0a:45:cf:96:42:a7:65:23:
+        b9:3e:40:eb:46:7b
 -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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 -----END CERTIFICATE-----
diff --git a/Lib/test/certdata/capath/b1930218.0 b/Lib/test/certdata/capath/b1930218.0
index aa9dbbe294f829..6d773ee5b32432 100644
--- a/Lib/test/certdata/capath/b1930218.0
+++ b/Lib/test/certdata/capath/b1930218.0
@@ -1,27 +1,27 @@
 -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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 -----END CERTIFICATE-----
diff --git a/Lib/test/certdata/capath/ceff1710.0 b/Lib/test/certdata/capath/ceff1710.0
index aa9dbbe294f829..6d773ee5b32432 100644
--- a/Lib/test/certdata/capath/ceff1710.0
+++ b/Lib/test/certdata/capath/ceff1710.0
@@ -1,27 +1,27 @@
 -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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 -----END CERTIFICATE-----
diff --git a/Lib/test/certdata/cert3.pem b/Lib/test/certdata/cert3.pem
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..a11dc614657d2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/certdata/cert3.pem
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
diff --git a/Lib/test/certdata/idnsans.pem b/Lib/test/certdata/idnsans.pem
index 07a42422af1fd3..ebd7250cb4eae9 100644
--- a/Lib/test/certdata/idnsans.pem
+++ b/Lib/test/certdata/idnsans.pem
@@ -1,42 +1,42 @@
 -----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
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+dbyjt6PMeVXWj0tz8FB2DGE=
 -----END PRIVATE KEY-----
 Certificate:
     Data:
@@ -47,38 +47,38 @@ Certificate:
         Issuer: C=XY, O=Python Software Foundation CA, CN=our-ca-server
         Validity
             Not Before: Aug 29 14:23:16 2018 GMT
-            Not After : Oct 28 14:23:16 2037 GMT
+            Not After : Oct 28 14:23:16 2525 GMT
         Subject: C=XY, L=Castle Anthrax, O=Python Software Foundation, CN=idnsans
         Subject Public Key Info:
             Public Key Algorithm: rsaEncryption
                 Public-Key: (3072 bit)
                 Modulus:
-                    00:a9:eb:3b:78:d1:60:77:2b:bc:a3:04:6b:a0:9d:
-                    1b:aa:23:70:29:7e:d4:e1:65:60:c8:a6:f5:b4:71:
-                    59:8d:d2:7a:90:c6:c3:ba:08:29:d2:e1:d4:bb:49:
-                    88:46:16:22:2a:5a:33:55:73:65:86:d2:0b:fb:9c:
-                    2e:43:16:0b:aa:6e:77:4d:66:4f:7f:4a:35:fc:10:
-                    ec:4a:cf:80:0d:8d:de:b5:5a:74:e4:0c:ee:53:6e:
-                    28:b2:77:e4:ee:10:1c:61:99:b1:05:eb:d6:c5:f5:
-                    db:5d:d5:28:28:f2:39:8c:ee:3f:9a:6b:a0:a5:62:
-                    1f:f8:f5:bc:7e:6e:52:43:17:be:84:19:2a:e6:07:
-                    5a:be:a1:b3:1e:65:44:61:3d:73:41:7a:88:aa:29:
-                    1f:37:c7:91:dc:2d:32:58:32:87:2f:6f:a9:bc:b8:
-                    00:70:b9:29:1a:d7:71:9b:dd:01:ae:d3:aa:79:95:
-                    d2:ba:4c:32:b7:f0:7b:28:3b:2e:8c:14:ee:45:d4:
-                    fa:e4:6a:41:bf:78:11:ce:8d:c0:4e:18:f7:cd:99:
-                    3c:16:3a:ab:f0:95:c4:16:ca:4a:f8:42:ca:56:4b:
-                    ec:93:cd:d9:20:67:e9:b1:6a:bf:f2:42:ea:bb:c2:
-                    e6:12:35:a1:1f:18:7e:72:a1:8b:55:58:88:0a:c3:
-                    06:51:0c:fa:a9:49:0b:95:7b:e2:7e:31:62:cf:43:
-                    a4:53:33:ea:d7:20:75:73:1e:d3:e4:d5:ff:03:ae:
-                    03:7e:85:27:a9:27:2f:ec:54:10:44:40:2c:e3:9f:
-                    20:7e:b1:c9:fb:e8:44:d6:72:1d:e2:c9:5a:0c:8f:
-                    7a:15:38:6b:34:6f:85:d3:0c:c9:94:c3:f0:e6:12:
-                    de:53:0d:a8:7b:4e:a1:37:1b:e7:e9:04:86:e0:31:
-                    28:f1:33:35:10:66:5d:bb:8b:39:8c:f6:74:02:25:
-                    10:28:b0:da:0d:c1:7a:a5:33:be:78:2b:d5:9c:63:
-                    a8:13:f2:49:1c:8f:50:9f:4e:63
+                    00:de:18:6c:ac:a8:da:ac:cf:ae:3e:c6:c3:7e:09:
+                    46:43:7c:28:0f:3e:1c:d4:2b:49:43:52:59:04:92:
+                    9d:19:78:57:90:9b:7f:a9:a3:66:3c:da:0b:c9:21:
+                    56:a5:3b:90:a1:89:78:cf:c5:28:09:c2:8b:68:48:
+                    77:b8:41:9f:1f:58:09:64:5f:57:75:f4:0f:31:8e:
+                    37:ad:c7:52:b7:76:a6:6c:b6:a7:b7:98:f3:fb:1d:
+                    0b:df:26:54:64:98:0b:55:84:56:94:8f:5f:92:53:
+                    1f:4a:b3:81:c1:e0:b9:36:86:a2:94:a2:ad:d3:95:
+                    13:29:79:27:c9:4d:76:87:4e:15:4f:ec:a6:4f:58:
+                    1c:df:33:ba:5d:a4:66:27:ce:70:69:c6:07:f2:98:
+                    da:e9:4d:c5:cd:0a:37:91:ea:55:25:8f:f4:c4:c4:
+                    78:98:2e:3e:04:d1:a3:83:47:f4:94:cf:4b:41:35:
+                    d0:90:45:c4:43:c3:e3:b2:44:47:ba:46:4d:f6:2a:
+                    b9:77:e0:fa:f5:74:d2:9e:11:1d:2d:ba:58:4c:db:
+                    04:45:b2:ac:34:6b:cb:cd:b3:5d:c8:df:40:47:e1:
+                    a5:c0:af:96:c6:80:b0:85:da:d5:db:3f:72:a8:7a:
+                    84:7f:1a:44:12:59:5d:78:2a:b8:53:c6:12:83:dd:
+                    01:09:f2:01:e3:a0:76:0a:af:82:1d:70:56:1c:4d:
+                    a9:1b:23:d1:37:4c:7b:10:8d:04:d4:30:9f:d7:ca:
+                    0c:da:ec:e3:ab:ea:93:4f:29:8d:74:b5:87:e9:ed:
+                    68:72:c9:8e:dc:07:f0:bf:ac:79:d4:63:47:f9:f0:
+                    86:65:45:d3:18:81:c2:c2:52:5e:f0:cd:4c:52:54:
+                    43:32:af:d0:2b:cb:c5:d9:66:5c:6e:3b:ad:bd:93:
+                    6b:9d:00:81:b0:22:2d:93:56:af:94:2b:49:0d:3d:
+                    9c:86:89:c1:87:31:e1:21:a0:d7:37:60:33:01:ff:
+                    36:1e:a8:ca:f8:2a:bc:88:fa:69
                 Exponent: 65537 (0x10001)
         X509v3 extensions:
             X509v3 Subject Alternative Name: 
@@ -90,9 +90,9 @@ Certificate:
             X509v3 Basic Constraints: critical
                 CA:FALSE
             X509v3 Subject Key Identifier: 
-                5B:93:42:58:B0:B4:18:CC:41:4C:15:EB:42:33:66:77:4C:71:2F:42
+                C8:06:99:B7:E8:8F:EC:4F:3D:5C:89:6A:06:F5:77:2E:B0:E0:6A:9E
             X509v3 Authority Key Identifier: 
-                keyid:F3:EC:94:8E:F2:8E:30:C4:8E:68:C2:BF:8E:6A:19:C0:C1:9F:76:65
+                keyid:C0:0A:2B:28:43:DE:5F:C9:7D:47:E5:47:9B:36:F2:65:8C:67:3B:E2
                 DirName:/C=XY/O=Python Software Foundation CA/CN=our-ca-server
                 serial:CB:2D:80:99:5A:69:52:5B
             Authority Information Access: 
@@ -103,64 +103,64 @@ Certificate:
                   URI:http://testca.pythontest.net/testca/revocation.crl
     Signature Algorithm: sha256WithRSAEncryption
     Signature Value:
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+        28:c1:96:9b:6a:94
 -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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 -----END CERTIFICATE-----
diff --git a/Lib/test/certdata/keycert.passwd.pem b/Lib/test/certdata/keycert.passwd.pem
index 187021b8eeb9fa..1739a3525fee2b 100644
--- a/Lib/test/certdata/keycert.passwd.pem
+++ b/Lib/test/certdata/keycert.passwd.pem
@@ -1,69 +1,69 @@
 -----BEGIN ENCRYPTED PRIVATE KEY-----
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 -----END ENCRYPTED PRIVATE KEY-----
 -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+t+yt7pOwOA66
 -----END CERTIFICATE-----
diff --git a/Lib/test/certdata/keycert.pem b/Lib/test/certdata/keycert.pem
index a30d15ca4d61a6..43ad52c2af507b 100644
--- a/Lib/test/certdata/keycert.pem
+++ b/Lib/test/certdata/keycert.pem
@@ -1,67 +1,67 @@
 -----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
-MIIG/QIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCBucwggbjAgEAAoIBgQDNdMiXWy7XUAa7
-qwM+yjGpxEbIBfTKPEhyzAW+P55b98GzYZwFvL3lUQ4qkk8pFhgHt8AQCMAorn3M
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-kNdcwhtZZ3dpChUdf+w/LIc=
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+/A+n3+qFiM1bY9FFkW/7nRVMeSY850dq/p59TihibA91AEf6084BYg0IvatsSys2
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+Ap+d65UgF4KjGY4rtsS+jOHn
 -----END PRIVATE KEY-----
 -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
-MIIEgzCCAuugAwIBAgIUU+FIM/dUbCklbdDwNPd2xemDAEwwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEL
+MIIEhTCCAu2gAwIBAgIUTxhwRX6zBQc3+l3imDklEbqcDpIwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEL
 BQAwXzELMAkGA1UEBhMCWFkxFzAVBgNVBAcMDkNhc3RsZSBBbnRocmF4MSMwIQYD
 VQQKDBpQeXRob24gU29mdHdhcmUgRm91bmRhdGlvbjESMBAGA1UEAwwJbG9jYWxo
-b3N0MB4XDTIzMTEyNTA0MjEzNloXDTQzMDEyNDA0MjEzNlowXzELMAkGA1UEBhMC
-WFkxFzAVBgNVBAcMDkNhc3RsZSBBbnRocmF4MSMwIQYDVQQKDBpQeXRob24gU29m
-dHdhcmUgRm91bmRhdGlvbjESMBAGA1UEAwwJbG9jYWxob3N0MIIBojANBgkqhkiG
-9w0BAQEFAAOCAY8AMIIBigKCAYEAzXTIl1su11AGu6sDPsoxqcRGyAX0yjxIcswF
-vj+eW/fBs2GcBby95VEOKpJPKRYYB7fAEAjAKK59zFdsDX/ynxPZLqyLQocBkFVq
-tclhCRZu//KZND+uQuHSx3PjGkSvK/nrGjg5T0bkM4SFeb0YdLb+0aDTKGozUC82
-oBAilNcrFz1VXpEF0qUe9QeKQhyd0MaW5T1oSn+U3RAj2MXm3TGExyZeaicpIM5O
-HFlnwUxsYSDZo0jUj342MbPOZh8szZDWi042jdtSA3i8uMSplEf4O8ZPmX0JCtrz
-fVjRVdaKXIjrhMNWB8K44q6AeyhqJcVHtOmPYoHDm0qIjcrurt0LZaGhmCuKimNd
-njcPxW0VQmDIS/mO5+s24SK+Mpznm5q/clXEwyD8FbrtrzV5cHCE8eNkxjuQjkmi
-wW9uadK1s54tDwRWMl6DRWRyxoF0an885UQWmbsgEB5aRmEx2L0JeD0/q6Iw1Nta
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-5o16c8WPc0aPvTFbkGIFT5ddxYstw+QwsBtLKE2lJ4Qfmxt0Ew/0L7xkbK1BaCOo
-EGD2IF7VDQ==
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+3ogGdGtPuPAD/qjMwg3ChSDLl5Ur/E9UPlD4yM/7KtUD7mLv+jbddA62EiA9MxVB
+t+yt7pOwOA66
 -----END CERTIFICATE-----
diff --git a/Lib/test/certdata/keycert.pem.reference b/Lib/test/certdata/keycert.pem.reference
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..5528b98fff9377
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/certdata/keycert.pem.reference
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+{'issuer': ((('countryName', 'XY'),),
+            (('localityName', 'Castle Anthrax'),),
+            (('organizationName', 'Python Software Foundation'),),
+            (('commonName', 'localhost'),)),
+ 'notAfter': 'Jan 29 11:51:12 2408 GMT',
+ 'notBefore': 'Oct  8 11:51:12 2024 GMT',
+ 'serialNumber': '4F1870457EB3050737FA5DE298392511BA9C0E92',
+ 'subject': ((('countryName', 'XY'),),
+             (('localityName', 'Castle Anthrax'),),
+             (('organizationName', 'Python Software Foundation'),),
+             (('commonName', 'localhost'),)),
+ 'subjectAltName': (('DNS', 'localhost'),),
+ 'version': 3}
diff --git a/Lib/test/certdata/keycert2.pem b/Lib/test/certdata/keycert2.pem
index c7c4aa74583c8a..63e2181ed83e78 100644
--- a/Lib/test/certdata/keycert2.pem
+++ b/Lib/test/certdata/keycert2.pem
@@ -1,67 +1,67 @@
 -----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
-MIIG/gIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCBugwggbkAgEAAoIBgQCyAUXjczgUEn7m
-mOwDMi/++wDRxqJAJ2f7F9ADxTuOm+EtdpfYr4mBn8Uz9e3I+ZheG5y3QZ1ddBYA
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 -----END PRIVATE KEY-----
 -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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 -----END CERTIFICATE-----
diff --git a/Lib/test/certdata/keycert3.pem b/Lib/test/certdata/keycert3.pem
index 20d9bd14e9678f..097dc9f8e88091 100644
--- a/Lib/test/certdata/keycert3.pem
+++ b/Lib/test/certdata/keycert3.pem
@@ -1,42 +1,42 @@
 -----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
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+LnvZI0OIhwKBwBGzYGBPeKM5o+Xr7sYdEmQfxvR88VJc8ADdS2dfm5NwvJJgpdPJ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 -----END PRIVATE KEY-----
 Certificate:
     Data:
@@ -47,38 +47,38 @@ Certificate:
         Issuer: C=XY, O=Python Software Foundation CA, CN=our-ca-server
         Validity
             Not Before: Aug 29 14:23:16 2018 GMT
-            Not After : Oct 28 14:23:16 2037 GMT
+            Not After : Oct 28 14:23:16 2525 GMT
         Subject: C=XY, L=Castle Anthrax, O=Python Software Foundation, CN=localhost
         Subject Public Key Info:
             Public Key Algorithm: rsaEncryption
                 Public-Key: (3072 bit)
                 Modulus:
-                    00:a0:2a:28:71:0b:ed:a0:ed:de:cc:25:f2:14:05:
-                    f1:56:8a:e3:30:c6:0d:16:85:dc:4f:c8:65:33:30:
-                    08:de:c5:b1:0e:1e:8d:28:8e:7b:71:3d:d1:fd:29:
-                    84:70:88:a4:4a:6f:d8:e7:9b:35:e9:d8:22:93:86:
-                    a0:58:24:87:ad:ab:fd:cb:61:9a:78:6e:f0:c9:fe:
-                    15:42:2f:d7:b8:8e:ab:b5:97:ec:1d:f4:39:2a:84:
-                    a6:7a:f5:be:82:d7:f7:75:d8:90:0a:bc:2e:53:21:
-                    3f:bf:6f:b1:20:95:85:3c:28:c3:71:d9:63:b9:2b:
-                    12:09:79:5a:57:eb:c8:e7:e3:d6:2d:53:38:34:85:
-                    3d:10:89:78:f8:7a:e8:1b:0e:4d:4b:d5:ff:7d:c6:
-                    0b:e4:1d:a5:56:55:0c:62:e8:c1:4d:58:72:6a:ff:
-                    15:d4:6f:c1:3f:85:df:d0:de:86:9d:37:50:57:31:
-                    69:7d:3f:8e:83:e1:1f:98:18:a4:10:75:91:64:c0:
-                    42:6c:6e:a8:a3:16:f5:96:6c:ea:1a:cf:b4:c5:c5:
-                    ff:27:d2:ae:b5:eb:cd:37:69:72:df:69:68:a4:7c:
-                    45:cb:9f:39:c4:bc:aa:3b:bf:21:22:be:d4:ff:cb:
-                    5e:0d:9b:e4:a2:47:79:d2:e8:4d:32:0e:df:20:99:
-                    e1:dd:68:77:2b:99:04:fe:c9:0e:b2:34:e6:03:09:
-                    c7:de:60:cf:ab:06:eb:ce:50:73:ee:76:33:32:d2:
-                    4f:0a:ff:42:0f:8c:3a:34:28:07:2d:28:f1:f4:51:
-                    56:f2:0c:13:0a:0d:d1:90:db:e2:e1:44:52:ec:19:
-                    71:e5:0f:d6:f4:e4:fc:61:a9:35:0b:7b:72:de:2b:
-                    a2:99:fa:2b:86:6d:6b:70:54:b6:8b:e5:2e:36:5a:
-                    20:80:61:73:52:84:4d:4a:a3:44:3b:c2:e8:00:8a:
-                    9a:57:09:ff:9a:58:fd:d6:c7:d6:53:ae:c7:e2:0c:
-                    16:c8:7e:76:39:9a:57:dd:1b:dd
+                    00:ee:36:70:aa:61:6a:20:bb:32:88:07:73:f0:3a:
+                    ca:11:cc:8f:30:80:d7:71:c7:74:62:20:94:88:b4:
+                    52:12:94:08:01:e1:79:18:cc:f0:69:8b:99:c5:47:
+                    c1:82:aa:ae:c8:51:04:3e:89:8c:1d:65:ad:f2:1f:
+                    a5:f5:d4:87:65:ac:2c:78:80:37:50:15:21:4e:7a:
+                    09:c6:e3:5a:2a:bf:b1:b0:04:41:6f:ab:ac:65:a3:
+                    0a:68:68:6c:3e:e7:ff:3f:b0:95:ff:55:4e:38:ac:
+                    bf:7f:7e:23:15:4d:b7:a1:32:13:12:ff:3e:67:4d:
+                    26:12:00:25:7b:b1:15:e7:c1:6e:13:ea:5d:8e:77:
+                    be:c5:cc:f0:63:9d:a1:45:0c:da:f9:18:8a:22:0f:
+                    89:8d:48:9d:f9:b7:4e:6d:96:21:9c:cf:42:32:13:
+                    94:c6:47:a9:08:10:53:48:1f:9b:61:78:7a:09:27:
+                    82:42:e2:e2:f2:58:9c:1e:26:9c:43:c7:5d:27:8d:
+                    64:70:28:df:ed:5e:6f:05:9c:74:0f:31:10:14:97:
+                    6c:0c:d3:b4:19:10:8d:72:7f:35:2b:d3:4f:e8:1b:
+                    67:69:3e:73:f2:36:1f:ba:a7:69:5d:f0:94:b4:83:
+                    6f:cf:77:6a:50:2f:c3:ad:98:cd:9c:0d:c3:79:13:
+                    ea:82:11:6d:54:54:82:79:ff:f6:9d:f2:95:1c:a1:
+                    0c:32:44:80:51:38:96:da:92:ab:fa:15:c5:53:76:
+                    04:e8:82:8a:b9:56:ef:93:e9:35:45:2d:22:12:bd:
+                    5b:e9:b1:5d:0c:b5:3f:c7:f7:ff:53:b4:29:ea:3b:
+                    09:62:13:cb:3c:91:bd:cd:8d:04:fc:7b:bd:95:1c:
+                    d7:78:dd:b5:4f:13:80:de:43:e5:e5:6c:ca:0a:cd:
+                    5f:86:3a:64:87:49:fc:d2:39:90:7d:91:27:12:98:
+                    67:79:60:3f:3b:f3:74:db:2f:cf:fb:36:7d:44:45:
+                    07:56:a9:a8:b1:18:8d:fa:f8:11
                 Exponent: 65537 (0x10001)
         X509v3 extensions:
             X509v3 Subject Alternative Name: 
@@ -90,9 +90,9 @@ Certificate:
             X509v3 Basic Constraints: critical
                 CA:FALSE
             X509v3 Subject Key Identifier: 
-                3F:B1:E9:4F:A0:BE:30:66:3E:0A:18:C8:0F:47:1A:4F:34:6A:0F:42
+                16:22:C9:AA:20:D4:F4:8E:ED:9C:A6:BB:23:F5:F2:29:44:ED:F2:1E
             X509v3 Authority Key Identifier: 
-                keyid:F3:EC:94:8E:F2:8E:30:C4:8E:68:C2:BF:8E:6A:19:C0:C1:9F:76:65
+                keyid:C0:0A:2B:28:43:DE:5F:C9:7D:47:E5:47:9B:36:F2:65:8C:67:3B:E2
                 DirName:/C=XY/O=Python Software Foundation CA/CN=our-ca-server
                 serial:CB:2D:80:99:5A:69:52:5B
             Authority Information Access: 
@@ -103,59 +103,59 @@ Certificate:
                   URI:http://testca.pythontest.net/testca/revocation.crl
     Signature Algorithm: sha256WithRSAEncryption
     Signature Value:
-        ca:34:ba:c5:d0:cf:27:31:32:d6:0d:27:30:b8:db:17:df:b7:
-        39:a7:bb:b1:3b:86:c4:31:fd:fb:ab:db:63:1a:cc:90:ab:b9:
-        4e:ab:34:49:0c:5e:8c:3e:70:a3:a7:6b:2f:a7:9a:25:7b:01:
-        5a:18:96:48:76:f8:36:78:74:fa:bc:7d:68:7f:e5:ca:a6:9d:
-        7b:dc:72:bd:a3:25:51:17:68:e8:e9:d7:02:86:2c:7d:16:7c:
-        b5:dc:44:b2:0a:e3:f7:c9:33:a3:51:36:83:bc:d4:70:cd:84:
-        91:9f:06:ba:2d:d2:05:0a:65:c3:d9:55:09:a8:b8:09:69:bb:
-        93:86:c2:b7:c2:90:74:7c:bf:f0:5d:bc:0e:63:13:8c:eb:fa:
-        0f:f1:fa:e5:12:70:4d:0c:eb:8c:2e:a2:42:42:00:04:0f:fc:
-        f9:1f:41:9c:63:78:f0:66:93:b2:8f:2e:e8:93:1c:50:cb:2d:
-        7f:b6:ba:57:6f:52:62:d7:39:0b:09:82:ab:a6:53:4d:cc:05:
-        3e:19:f0:d4:c0:ce:a9:ad:10:ce:b9:71:e4:8f:f2:5a:3c:65:
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-        d1:cf:fb:7d:ac:3d
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+        73:03:16:bf:78:c8:d7:2f:eb:fc:64:7f:c7:78:8c:34:15:5b:
+        66:40:98:86:e6:0a
 -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+rMNlLrdXOvB4s7IgPr17JPfnF8xiwLhj8C4wDFS+yZR8VNRABm6SnXIsRPXjwUo/
+JuQhyrrvT6NQVu6JXNxbmLwM6dsWmPBMP2W52eAuvYOexxv3T4dfdf9nXQr/zvoL
+8dWLWCMrkie4Ff9mwvlo4u1koErgQousNWpnZPXLqQA3IFbdOgJu2A+0Xf+Sow1l
+/C6rTje8ftZbHFV4oG6pLlUxz2HwG0z+/mB1dujZofUU8EMzTVIFvjP/2jGUvQ3l
+Taju0fOSNMI2kTc6bewg37Oeol3Q8KHi/7eFzgnjyEpqk6Su7MFnQveOL2TK13Zy
+vz/vZP8Q3aI+LfWqAs8x8G2Ta1ZMsIiVVNzUrNzBiCeL2ZxOZpP43V50QSaa7+jI
+RlzV9PzNzGfHM2IucJvROd40/a2duUhh54lTYmLwQGxoL+HaQGEqUK/JQW2YFq/L
+YwPsBJngOZhgrqpqV5slcwMWv3jI1y/r/GR/x3iMNBVbZkCYhuYK
 -----END CERTIFICATE-----
diff --git a/Lib/test/certdata/keycert3.pem.reference b/Lib/test/certdata/keycert3.pem.reference
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..84d2ca29953e46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/certdata/keycert3.pem.reference
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+{'OCSP': ('http://testca.pythontest.net/testca/ocsp/',),
+ 'caIssuers': ('http://testca.pythontest.net/testca/pycacert.cer',),
+ 'crlDistributionPoints': ('http://testca.pythontest.net/testca/revocation.crl',),
+ 'issuer': ((('countryName', 'XY'),),
+            (('organizationName', 'Python Software Foundation CA'),),
+            (('commonName', 'our-ca-server'),)),
+ 'notAfter': 'Oct 28 14:23:16 2525 GMT',
+ 'notBefore': 'Aug 29 14:23:16 2018 GMT',
+ 'serialNumber': 'CB2D80995A69525C',
+ 'subject': ((('countryName', 'XY'),),
+             (('localityName', 'Castle Anthrax'),),
+             (('organizationName', 'Python Software Foundation'),),
+             (('commonName', 'localhost'),)),
+ 'subjectAltName': (('DNS', 'localhost'),),
+ 'version': 3}
diff --git a/Lib/test/certdata/keycert4.pem b/Lib/test/certdata/keycert4.pem
index ff4dceac7907c5..fcaa3a1656d1a5 100644
--- a/Lib/test/certdata/keycert4.pem
+++ b/Lib/test/certdata/keycert4.pem
@@ -1,42 +1,42 @@
 -----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
-MIIG/QIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCBucwggbjAgEAAoIBgQDGKA1zZDjeNPh2
-J9WHVXXMUf8h5N4/bHCM3CbIaZ1dShkCgfmFWmOtruEihgbfRYaSWZAwCmVAQGjm
-gvUfgOIgsFfM8yO+zDByPhza7XvWPZfEe7mNRFe5ZlYntbeM/vuWCM4VzwDq/mqF
-TFxNRmwInqE7hx0WnfCoQWe9N41hJyl1K0OjADb+SjlpJ0/UJ63hsB+dowGjaaBv
-J8HduQcRqNg8s6FcyJJ8Mjss1uRMFK2j9QrmgbA61XuIPCxzc3J57mW8FN2KsR8D
-2HOhe9nsTGlxp+O5Cudf/RBWB443xcoyduwRXOFTdEAU45MS4tKGP2hzezuxMFQn
-LKARXVW4/gFxZk7kU8TweZUS6LAYPfYJnlfteb6z37LAbtoDvzKUKBEDf/nmoa7C
-uKxSPC5HIKhLbjU/6kuPglSVEfJPJWu2bZJDAkFL85Ot3gPs10EX2lMUy0Jt3tf+
-TaQjEvFZhpKN8KAdYj3eVgOfzIBbQyjotHJjFe9Jkq4q7RoI+ncCAwEAAQKCAYAH
-tRsdRh1Z7JmHOasy+tPDsvhVuWLHMaYlScvAYhJh/W65YSKd56+zFKINlX3fYcp5
-Fz67Yy+uWahXVE2QgFou3KX0u+9ucRiLFXfYheWL3xSMXJgRee0LI/T7tRe7uAHu
-CnoURqKCulIqzLOO1efx1eKasXmVuhEtmjhVpcmDGv8SChSKTIjzgOjqT7QGE9Xq
-eSRhq7mulpq9zWq+/369yG+0SvPs60vTxNovDIaBn/RHSW5FjeDss5QnmYMh/ukN
-dggoKllQlkTzHSxHmKrIJuryZC+bsqvEPUFXN0NMUYcZRvt1lwdjzq/A+w4gDDZG
-7QqAzYMYQZMw9PJeHqu4mxfUX5hJWuAwG5I2eV3kBRheoFw7MxP0tw40fPlFU+Zh
-pRXbKwhMAlIHi0D8NyMn3hkVPyToWVVY3vHRknBB/52RqRq3MjqEFaAZfp0nFkiF
-ytv3Dd5aeBb1vraOIREyhxIxE/qY8CtZC+6JI8CpufLmFXB412WPwl0OrVpWYfEC
-gcEA486zOI46xRDgDw0jqTpOFHzh+3VZ8UoPoiqCjKzJGnrh2EeLvTsXX/GZOj0m
-5zl6RHEGFjm5vKCh2C72Vj/m+AFVy7V9iJRzTYzP8So/3paaqo7ZaROTa6uStxdD
-VPnY1uIgVQz9w5coN4dmr+RLBpFvvWaHp1wuC08YIWxcC9HSTQpbi1EP5eo08fOk
-8reNkDEHxihDGHr1xW0z0qJqK1IVyLP7wDkmapudMZjkjqJSGJwwefV4qyGMTV2b
-suW1AoHBAN6t9n6LBH553MF5iUrNJYxXh/SCom4Zft9aD6W4bZV/xL4XPpKBB4HX
-aWdeI0iYZU9U+CZ88tBoQCt+JMrJ9cz03ENOvA/MBMREwbZ2hKmQgnoDZsV0vNry
-6UsxeQmeNpGQFUz9foVJQVRdQCceN2YEABdehV1HZoSBbuGZkzqGJXrWwaf/ZhpB
-dPYGUGOsczoD2/QLuWy2M7f7v0Ews6Heww3zipWzvdxKE0IpyVs30ZwVi8CRQiWU
-bEcleXP6+wKBwAi3xEwJxV39Q1XQHuk+/fXywYMp/oMpXmfKUKypgBivUy0/r61S
-MZbOXBrKdE6s+GzeFmmLU/xP+WGYinzKfUBIbMwa6e7sH218UgjcoQ0Xnlugk9ld
-kmqwajDvhvgdh5rRlIMsuBlgE33shJV+mxBpSGlrHw3cjTaJlFbTGsKpCO9B0jcG
-pyEZUWVg+ZMASz6VYcLHj6nEKtufTjhlVsLJpWPE34F/rmSuB9n6C+UZeSLP91rz
-dea2pfPf/TFfcQKBwF4DSj9Qx/vxzS7t9fXbuM+QoPitMpCTOQppRpPr0nA8uj6b
-J7LIwPejj3+xsenTVWpx8DanqAgvC3CRWE05iQoYEupj0mhE9Xo7oSE81nOUbFHB
-H+GbkKRLzA0P/Q7/egBouWWA3Kq/K9LHb+9UBYWPiM5U/K9OFs04rCyZHxylSCud
-gbNA08Wf/xZjwgri4t8KhBF75bQtFJbHtY57Vkuv9d/tA4SCl1Tq/UiAxd86KMfi
-HNeXPDsLd89t1eIOgwKBwQDJkqwZXkhwkhoNuHRdzPO/1f5FyKpQxFs+x+OBulzG
-zuwVKIawsLlUR4TBtF7PChOSZSH50VZaBI5kVti79kEtfNjfAzg4kleHrY8jQ/eq
-HludZ3nmiPqqlbH4MH8NWczPEjee6z4ODROsAe31pz3S8YQK7KVoEuSf0+usJ894
-FtzS5wl6POAXTo2QeSNg9zTbb6JjVYcq6KCTnflDm4YEvFKI+ARqAXQHxm05wEOe
-DbKC6hxxQbDaNOvXEAda8wU=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 -----END PRIVATE KEY-----
 Certificate:
     Data:
@@ -47,38 +47,38 @@ Certificate:
         Issuer: C=XY, O=Python Software Foundation CA, CN=our-ca-server
         Validity
             Not Before: Aug 29 14:23:16 2018 GMT
-            Not After : Oct 28 14:23:16 2037 GMT
+            Not After : Oct 28 14:23:16 2525 GMT
         Subject: C=XY, L=Castle Anthrax, O=Python Software Foundation, CN=fakehostname
         Subject Public Key Info:
             Public Key Algorithm: rsaEncryption
                 Public-Key: (3072 bit)
                 Modulus:
-                    00:c6:28:0d:73:64:38:de:34:f8:76:27:d5:87:55:
-                    75:cc:51:ff:21:e4:de:3f:6c:70:8c:dc:26:c8:69:
-                    9d:5d:4a:19:02:81:f9:85:5a:63:ad:ae:e1:22:86:
-                    06:df:45:86:92:59:90:30:0a:65:40:40:68:e6:82:
-                    f5:1f:80:e2:20:b0:57:cc:f3:23:be:cc:30:72:3e:
-                    1c:da:ed:7b:d6:3d:97:c4:7b:b9:8d:44:57:b9:66:
-                    56:27:b5:b7:8c:fe:fb:96:08:ce:15:cf:00:ea:fe:
-                    6a:85:4c:5c:4d:46:6c:08:9e:a1:3b:87:1d:16:9d:
-                    f0:a8:41:67:bd:37:8d:61:27:29:75:2b:43:a3:00:
-                    36:fe:4a:39:69:27:4f:d4:27:ad:e1:b0:1f:9d:a3:
-                    01:a3:69:a0:6f:27:c1:dd:b9:07:11:a8:d8:3c:b3:
-                    a1:5c:c8:92:7c:32:3b:2c:d6:e4:4c:14:ad:a3:f5:
-                    0a:e6:81:b0:3a:d5:7b:88:3c:2c:73:73:72:79:ee:
-                    65:bc:14:dd:8a:b1:1f:03:d8:73:a1:7b:d9:ec:4c:
-                    69:71:a7:e3:b9:0a:e7:5f:fd:10:56:07:8e:37:c5:
-                    ca:32:76:ec:11:5c:e1:53:74:40:14:e3:93:12:e2:
-                    d2:86:3f:68:73:7b:3b:b1:30:54:27:2c:a0:11:5d:
-                    55:b8:fe:01:71:66:4e:e4:53:c4:f0:79:95:12:e8:
-                    b0:18:3d:f6:09:9e:57:ed:79:be:b3:df:b2:c0:6e:
-                    da:03:bf:32:94:28:11:03:7f:f9:e6:a1:ae:c2:b8:
-                    ac:52:3c:2e:47:20:a8:4b:6e:35:3f:ea:4b:8f:82:
-                    54:95:11:f2:4f:25:6b:b6:6d:92:43:02:41:4b:f3:
-                    93:ad:de:03:ec:d7:41:17:da:53:14:cb:42:6d:de:
-                    d7:fe:4d:a4:23:12:f1:59:86:92:8d:f0:a0:1d:62:
-                    3d:de:56:03:9f:cc:80:5b:43:28:e8:b4:72:63:15:
-                    ef:49:92:ae:2a:ed:1a:08:fa:77
+                    00:bf:b8:22:3f:e1:e5:52:08:8a:f1:ff:f1:9c:08:
+                    2c:5e:40:fd:7a:32:d7:f4:c0:0b:88:34:14:7d:b9:
+                    3c:92:17:cb:04:56:84:ba:ac:d0:70:2d:eb:9d:65:
+                    76:87:99:ca:77:8c:ce:cd:d9:ef:46:8c:8f:1d:75:
+                    07:1c:3c:0a:4a:07:08:c0:c6:17:53:e1:77:ae:51:
+                    37:a9:e1:5a:da:29:68:cb:4d:60:ef:00:11:df:09:
+                    51:41:d6:d5:f7:1e:eb:04:59:a4:bc:9f:fa:47:f8:
+                    de:0b:51:f9:f1:4b:71:e7:16:a1:82:e6:26:f6:0d:
+                    28:05:4c:29:cb:41:28:fc:da:25:20:00:27:5f:f3:
+                    b8:99:4e:89:ec:fa:44:6f:a9:8b:1d:c2:9b:20:05:
+                    49:ce:fb:0f:a8:73:9a:3b:36:3d:5b:24:99:53:44:
+                    4b:18:ea:44:06:63:de:1a:b3:8a:42:92:6a:a1:a0:
+                    14:c2:ef:f9:5e:f7:01:46:99:78:a9:45:88:b7:a5:
+                    f4:93:3a:a0:10:25:fa:96:d5:59:50:e0:16:dc:de:
+                    53:79:2f:e3:8d:4e:61:57:3a:04:c9:e6:a8:5a:4b:
+                    c7:20:96:76:04:94:92:35:41:04:da:83:25:90:30:
+                    7b:81:0c:83:29:af:72:2f:ff:9a:94:53:37:48:33:
+                    3a:0c:ae:95:fa:89:e9:f7:19:a9:ff:8f:28:e3:ce:
+                    f3:fd:e6:32:6f:1a:e8:d0:b9:dc:3f:9b:25:ca:f1:
+                    53:94:4e:15:6d:b2:d4:43:14:0d:dc:22:85:78:52:
+                    a3:0e:0f:3f:30:ea:a6:14:d0:63:d8:14:1a:bf:ff:
+                    55:1d:a4:3a:e4:fd:f0:4f:05:ed:cc:2c:94:f6:fa:
+                    c0:7f:91:3c:f0:c7:16:2c:2a:a7:1d:8c:f1:b6:06:
+                    dd:d8:da:79:3b:84:2c:c4:d0:ab:ae:7a:a0:90:3e:
+                    4f:f7:7e:89:98:d5:30:f2:4e:55:8e:ae:20:12:e3:
+                    41:18:b9:ee:51:87:1f:6a:af:c9
                 Exponent: 65537 (0x10001)
         X509v3 extensions:
             X509v3 Subject Alternative Name: 
@@ -90,9 +90,9 @@ Certificate:
             X509v3 Basic Constraints: critical
                 CA:FALSE
             X509v3 Subject Key Identifier: 
-                1C:70:14:B0:20:DD:08:76:A4:3B:56:59:FA:5F:34:F8:36:66:E8:56
+                E4:3D:4C:DB:96:85:CC:90:ED:0F:58:1E:8D:4D:7D:34:6C:4E:11:10
             X509v3 Authority Key Identifier: 
-                keyid:F3:EC:94:8E:F2:8E:30:C4:8E:68:C2:BF:8E:6A:19:C0:C1:9F:76:65
+                keyid:C0:0A:2B:28:43:DE:5F:C9:7D:47:E5:47:9B:36:F2:65:8C:67:3B:E2
                 DirName:/C=XY/O=Python Software Foundation CA/CN=our-ca-server
                 serial:CB:2D:80:99:5A:69:52:5B
             Authority Information Access: 
@@ -103,59 +103,59 @@ Certificate:
                   URI:http://testca.pythontest.net/testca/revocation.crl
     Signature Algorithm: sha256WithRSAEncryption
     Signature Value:
-        75:14:e5:68:45:8d:ed:6c:f1:27:1e:0e:f3:35:ae:0e:60:c1:
-        65:36:62:b8:07:78:e1:b9:8d:7a:50:70:af:06:c9:d4:ee:50:
-        ef:d2:76:b2:a2:b6:cb:dc:a6:18:b5:3d:d2:f7:eb:0e:ec:b7:
-        95:cd:2e:b1:36:6f:a8:9f:b8:4d:ff:ce:8a:c4:8e:62:37:32:
-        80:3e:05:4a:4d:39:87:69:09:00:e8:40:64:d2:9d:f9:1f:9f:
-        ab:67:1f:f9:c6:84:ba:7e:17:6c:8b:8d:08:ee:fb:8a:d7:cd:
-        06:25:72:9f:4e:1a:c2:71:e1:1b:cf:a2:d7:1c:05:12:95:d6:
-        49:4b:e9:95:95:89:cf:68:18:46:a3:ea:0d:9d:8e:ca:1c:28:
-        55:49:6b:c0:4b:58:f5:42:b9:0a:ec:0e:6e:21:a4:ff:60:c0:
-        1b:6e:40:72:d0:a5:c5:b5:db:4e:87:67:3a:31:70:cb:32:84:
-        70:a9:e2:ff:e0:f2:db:cd:03:b4:85:45:d3:07:cc:0f:c7:49:
-        d8:c2:17:eb:73:f7:4a:c0:d9:8c:59:ef:c0:0a:ce:13:0b:84:
-        c9:aa:0d:11:14:b4:e5:74:aa:ec:18:de:5f:26:18:98:4a:76:
-        f0:7f:cd:e6:c4:b5:58:03:03:f5:10:01:5d:8f:63:88:ba:65:
-        d7:b4:7f:5a:1a:51:0e:ed:e5:68:fa:18:03:72:15:a1:ec:27:
-        1f:ea:ac:24:46:18:6e:f1:97:db:4a:f4:d6:a1:91:a0:8c:b0:
-        2f:be:87:3b:44:b0:8d:2a:89:85:5f:f2:d9:e3:2e:66:b2:88:
-        98:04:2c:96:32:38:99:19:a9:83:fd:94:0c:dd:63:d4:1b:60:
-        9d:43:98:35:ac:b4:23:38:de:7f:85:52:57:a0:37:df:a5:cf:
-        be:54:2c:3c:50:27:2b:d4:54:a9:9d:a3:d4:a5:b3:c0:ea:3d:
-        0e:e2:70:6b:fb:cb:a5:56:05:ec:64:72:f0:1a:db:64:01:cb:
-        5d:27:c4:a1:c4:63
+        63:e9:cd:0f:ec:dd:27:a0:fc:76:16:a1:f2:5f:d3:07:9a:3f:
+        97:f4:11:e8:20:e9:3c:dd:16:4f:20:62:71:73:a9:46:3e:85:
+        6e:44:be:9d:08:4b:eb:80:08:d5:1b:93:5f:4a:0f:df:b7:1b:
+        38:e2:2b:5c:68:48:ea:0a:58:5c:36:6c:79:a4:1e:b5:7e:ef:
+        cb:8d:5d:bd:7d:4a:e6:4e:dd:0b:87:10:ff:01:0e:9b:8b:bd:
+        de:1c:9a:25:fb:a2:e1:52:7b:8a:aa:08:37:b2:87:f7:45:9d:
+        0b:ab:11:6b:0c:7f:db:ed:de:cc:1e:86:f0:be:30:25:6b:4b:
+        ff:f5:f2:99:ed:b0:b1:68:c1:44:0b:79:7b:81:95:b5:36:37:
+        12:c4:99:9e:85:e8:2f:2d:cc:cd:d8:c6:f2:20:ec:6a:06:fd:
+        b8:fc:ff:02:11:95:4d:38:0d:42:8b:b2:43:eb:c2:b9:a4:e0:
+        33:f1:da:25:2f:11:cf:57:b9:25:e5:ab:92:f2:b2:b5:11:2f:
+        bd:31:f7:55:eb:96:94:78:5a:ad:9c:8f:56:ec:34:a0:73:9c:
+        01:c2:76:24:e0:f8:b3:c9:23:b9:ea:ab:c3:0a:d3:f8:53:44:
+        c7:12:37:76:44:d7:ee:25:93:f4:1c:1d:7c:fe:06:2c:fa:c5:
+        bb:c6:90:a4:57:fd:09:2e:da:af:f3:ac:e6:6d:7f:03:a1:26:
+        36:9a:51:7d:8d:28:a7:5d:5d:37:57:cc:6a:11:2a:98:1d:57:
+        71:32:6e:98:7c:12:28:ef:5c:2f:26:29:d4:56:0a:b1:23:d9:
+        9d:35:20:1a:ec:cc:51:53:6e:ef:1c:e7:bc:3c:21:e7:64:31:
+        b1:4c:f3:55:b5:c4:93:17:d8:72:5a:05:2e:4a:e5:33:07:0e:
+        7d:cf:22:73:0b:67:9f:b4:82:60:cd:71:f8:76:0c:c4:dc:98:
+        ee:49:f9:03:7f:0d:d8:c6:76:79:3c:28:ed:77:77:d3:7e:d5:
+        aa:1e:6e:2e:df:a5
 -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
-MIIF9zCCBF+gAwIBAgIJAMstgJlaaVJdMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBCwUAME0xCzAJBgNV
+MIIF+TCCBGGgAwIBAgIJAMstgJlaaVJdMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBCwUAME0xCzAJBgNV
 BAYTAlhZMSYwJAYDVQQKDB1QeXRob24gU29mdHdhcmUgRm91bmRhdGlvbiBDQTEW
-MBQGA1UEAwwNb3VyLWNhLXNlcnZlcjAeFw0xODA4MjkxNDIzMTZaFw0zNzEwMjgx
-NDIzMTZaMGIxCzAJBgNVBAYTAlhZMRcwFQYDVQQHDA5DYXN0bGUgQW50aHJheDEj
-MCEGA1UECgwaUHl0aG9uIFNvZnR3YXJlIEZvdW5kYXRpb24xFTATBgNVBAMMDGZh
-a2Vob3N0bmFtZTCCAaIwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQADggGPADCCAYoCggGBAMYoDXNk
-ON40+HYn1YdVdcxR/yHk3j9scIzcJshpnV1KGQKB+YVaY62u4SKGBt9FhpJZkDAK
-ZUBAaOaC9R+A4iCwV8zzI77MMHI+HNrte9Y9l8R7uY1EV7lmVie1t4z++5YIzhXP
-AOr+aoVMXE1GbAieoTuHHRad8KhBZ703jWEnKXUrQ6MANv5KOWknT9QnreGwH52j
-AaNpoG8nwd25BxGo2DyzoVzIknwyOyzW5EwUraP1CuaBsDrVe4g8LHNzcnnuZbwU
-3YqxHwPYc6F72exMaXGn47kK51/9EFYHjjfFyjJ27BFc4VN0QBTjkxLi0oY/aHN7
-O7EwVCcsoBFdVbj+AXFmTuRTxPB5lRLosBg99gmeV+15vrPfssBu2gO/MpQoEQN/
-+eahrsK4rFI8LkcgqEtuNT/qS4+CVJUR8k8la7ZtkkMCQUvzk63eA+zXQRfaUxTL
-Qm3e1/5NpCMS8VmGko3woB1iPd5WA5/MgFtDKOi0cmMV70mSrirtGgj6dwIDAQAB
-o4IBwzCCAb8wFwYDVR0RBBAwDoIMZmFrZWhvc3RuYW1lMA4GA1UdDwEB/wQEAwIF
-oDAdBgNVHSUEFjAUBggrBgEFBQcDAQYIKwYBBQUHAwIwDAYDVR0TAQH/BAIwADAd
-BgNVHQ4EFgQUHHAUsCDdCHakO1ZZ+l80+DZm6FYwfQYDVR0jBHYwdIAU8+yUjvKO
-MMSOaMK/jmoZwMGfdmWhUaRPME0xCzAJBgNVBAYTAlhZMSYwJAYDVQQKDB1QeXRo
-b24gU29mdHdhcmUgRm91bmRhdGlvbiBDQTEWMBQGA1UEAwwNb3VyLWNhLXNlcnZl
-coIJAMstgJlaaVJbMIGDBggrBgEFBQcBAQR3MHUwPAYIKwYBBQUHMAKGMGh0dHA6
-Ly90ZXN0Y2EucHl0aG9udGVzdC5uZXQvdGVzdGNhL3B5Y2FjZXJ0LmNlcjA1Bggr
-BgEFBQcwAYYpaHR0cDovL3Rlc3RjYS5weXRob250ZXN0Lm5ldC90ZXN0Y2Evb2Nz
-cC8wQwYDVR0fBDwwOjA4oDagNIYyaHR0cDovL3Rlc3RjYS5weXRob250ZXN0Lm5l
-dC90ZXN0Y2EvcmV2b2NhdGlvbi5jcmwwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQELBQADggGBAHUU5WhF
-je1s8SceDvM1rg5gwWU2YrgHeOG5jXpQcK8GydTuUO/SdrKitsvcphi1PdL36w7s
-t5XNLrE2b6ifuE3/zorEjmI3MoA+BUpNOYdpCQDoQGTSnfkfn6tnH/nGhLp+F2yL
-jQju+4rXzQYlcp9OGsJx4RvPotccBRKV1klL6ZWVic9oGEaj6g2djsocKFVJa8BL
-WPVCuQrsDm4hpP9gwBtuQHLQpcW1206HZzoxcMsyhHCp4v/g8tvNA7SFRdMHzA/H
-SdjCF+tz90rA2YxZ78AKzhMLhMmqDREUtOV0quwY3l8mGJhKdvB/zebEtVgDA/UQ
-AV2PY4i6Zde0f1oaUQ7t5Wj6GANyFaHsJx/qrCRGGG7xl9tK9NahkaCMsC++hztE
-sI0qiYVf8tnjLmayiJgELJYyOJkZqYP9lAzdY9QbYJ1DmDWstCM43n+FUlegN9+l
-z75ULDxQJyvUVKmdo9Sls8DqPQ7icGv7y6VWBexkcvAa22QBy10nxKHEYw==
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+MSMwIQYDVQQKDBpQeXRob24gU29mdHdhcmUgRm91bmRhdGlvbjEVMBMGA1UEAwwM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+cDovL3Rlc3RjYS5weXRob250ZXN0Lm5ldC90ZXN0Y2EvcHljYWNlcnQuY2VyMDUG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 -----END CERTIFICATE-----
diff --git a/Lib/test/certdata/keycertecc.pem b/Lib/test/certdata/keycertecc.pem
index bd109921898044..d503d49dc85f15 100644
--- a/Lib/test/certdata/keycertecc.pem
+++ b/Lib/test/certdata/keycertecc.pem
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 -----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
-MIG2AgEAMBAGByqGSM49AgEGBSuBBAAiBIGeMIGbAgEBBDDRUbCeT3hMph4Y/ahL
-1sy9Qfy4DYotuAP06UetzG6syv+EoQ02kX3xvazqwiJDrEyhZANiAAQef97STEPn
-4Nk6C153VEx24MNkJUcmLe771u6lr3Q8Em3J/YPaA1i9Ys7KZA3WvoKBPoWaaikn
-4yLQbd/6YE6AAjMuaThlR1/cqH5QnmS3DXHUjmxnLjWy/dZl0CJG1qo=
+MIG2AgEAMBAGByqGSM49AgEGBSuBBAAiBIGeMIGbAgEBBDBuhPMBtySJ8hFhn5hU
+1yvdDujmB8ajjXNlkQ9GhGdghQIAfKmP9vWtSY+1+BRjpAahZANiAAQKLvQoetPb
+S5tbgExB5vSDUtgc7hK1j6AN++En6AkW8KkK+O/31jkItqBoSQz8ts+VCU5cloTf
+H6i5AS9zUkHr4DEyn+XxfiutzcNQPdQIBmygWAsUpa1XlZf8ExMFf/A=
 -----END PRIVATE KEY-----
 Certificate:
     Data:
@@ -13,19 +13,19 @@ Certificate:
         Issuer: C=XY, O=Python Software Foundation CA, CN=our-ca-server
         Validity
             Not Before: Aug 29 14:23:16 2018 GMT
-            Not After : Oct 28 14:23:16 2037 GMT
+            Not After : Oct 28 14:23:16 2525 GMT
         Subject: C=XY, L=Castle Anthrax, O=Python Software Foundation, CN=localhost-ecc
         Subject Public Key Info:
             Public Key Algorithm: id-ecPublicKey
                 Public-Key: (384 bit)
                 pub:
-                    04:1e:7f:de:d2:4c:43:e7:e0:d9:3a:0b:5e:77:54:
-                    4c:76:e0:c3:64:25:47:26:2d:ee:fb:d6:ee:a5:af:
-                    74:3c:12:6d:c9:fd:83:da:03:58:bd:62:ce:ca:64:
-                    0d:d6:be:82:81:3e:85:9a:6a:29:27:e3:22:d0:6d:
-                    df:fa:60:4e:80:02:33:2e:69:38:65:47:5f:dc:a8:
-                    7e:50:9e:64:b7:0d:71:d4:8e:6c:67:2e:35:b2:fd:
-                    d6:65:d0:22:46:d6:aa
+                    04:0a:2e:f4:28:7a:d3:db:4b:9b:5b:80:4c:41:e6:
+                    f4:83:52:d8:1c:ee:12:b5:8f:a0:0d:fb:e1:27:e8:
+                    09:16:f0:a9:0a:f8:ef:f7:d6:39:08:b6:a0:68:49:
+                    0c:fc:b6:cf:95:09:4e:5c:96:84:df:1f:a8:b9:01:
+                    2f:73:52:41:eb:e0:31:32:9f:e5:f1:7e:2b:ad:cd:
+                    c3:50:3d:d4:08:06:6c:a0:58:0b:14:a5:ad:57:95:
+                    97:fc:13:13:05:7f:f0
                 ASN1 OID: secp384r1
                 NIST CURVE: P-384
         X509v3 extensions:
@@ -38,9 +38,9 @@ Certificate:
             X509v3 Basic Constraints: critical
                 CA:FALSE
             X509v3 Subject Key Identifier: 
-                45:ED:32:14:6D:51:A2:3B:B0:80:55:E0:A6:9B:74:4C:A5:56:88:B1
+                F3:39:E5:90:3F:58:6F:55:9D:91:D4:86:B8:1B:14:35:09:AC:06:97
             X509v3 Authority Key Identifier: 
-                keyid:F3:EC:94:8E:F2:8E:30:C4:8E:68:C2:BF:8E:6A:19:C0:C1:9F:76:65
+                keyid:C0:0A:2B:28:43:DE:5F:C9:7D:47:E5:47:9B:36:F2:65:8C:67:3B:E2
                 DirName:/C=XY/O=Python Software Foundation CA/CN=our-ca-server
                 serial:CB:2D:80:99:5A:69:52:5B
             Authority Information Access: 
@@ -51,53 +51,53 @@ Certificate:
                   URI:http://testca.pythontest.net/testca/revocation.crl
     Signature Algorithm: sha256WithRSAEncryption
     Signature Value:
-        07:e4:91:0b:d3:ed:4b:52:7f:50:68:c7:8d:80:48:9f:b7:4a:
-        13:66:bf:9d:4c:2d:18:19:68:a0:da:3b:12:85:05:16:fa:8d:
-        9c:58:c6:81:b3:96:ba:11:62:65:d3:76:f1:1c:ab:95:e4:d8:
-        2a:e0:1f:7b:c5:20:2e:7c:8f:de:87:7a:2b:52:54:ca:d1:41:
-        b0:5e:20:72:df:44:00:4a:69:1a:ef:10:63:52:13:ed:49:02:
-        ee:dc:9d:f3:c8:ba:c4:01:81:5a:a9:1c:15:12:b6:21:de:44:
-        a5:fd:7e:f9:22:d1:3e:ee:22:dd:31:55:32:4e:41:68:27:c5:
-        95:1b:7e:6b:18:74:f9:22:d6:b7:b9:31:72:51:a0:5a:2c:ff:
-        62:76:e9:a0:55:8d:78:33:52:4a:58:b2:f4:4b:0c:43:82:2f:
-        a9:84:68:05:dd:11:47:70:24:fe:5c:92:fd:17:21:63:bb:fa:
-        93:fa:54:54:05:72:48:ed:81:48:ab:95:fc:6d:a8:62:96:f9:
-        3b:e2:71:18:05:3e:76:bb:df:95:17:7b:81:4b:1f:7f:e1:67:
-        76:c4:07:cb:65:a7:f2:cf:e6:b4:fb:75:7c:ee:df:a1:f5:34:
-        20:2b:48:fd:2e:49:ff:f3:a6:3b:00:49:6c:88:79:ed:9c:16:
-        2a:04:72:e2:93:e4:7e:3f:2a:dd:30:47:9a:99:84:2a:b9:c4:
-        40:31:a6:68:f3:20:d1:75:f1:1e:c8:18:64:5b:f8:4c:ce:9a:
-        3c:57:2c:e3:63:64:29:0a:c2:b6:8e:20:01:55:9f:fe:10:ba:
-        12:42:38:0a:9b:53:01:a5:b4:08:76:ec:e8:a6:fc:69:2c:f7:
-        7f:5e:0f:44:07:55:e1:7c:2e:58:e5:d6:fc:6f:c2:4d:83:65:
-        bd:f3:32:e3:14:48:22:8d:80:18:ea:44:f8:24:79:ff:ff:c6:
-        04:c2:e9:90:34:40:d6:59:3f:59:1e:4a:9a:58:60:ce:ab:f9:
-        76:0e:ef:f7:05:17
+        b8:d9:bf:b8:88:0a:01:2b:aa:64:32:e8:97:e1:0f:ee:34:40:
+        ef:71:fc:e5:f4:a2:3b:26:00:e2:19:3b:3e:cb:8e:2b:51:4c:
+        30:ff:ab:44:9d:28:8d:d2:9c:32:e3:6b:96:73:1c:9d:55:76:
+        b2:bf:af:b8:51:ed:fd:04:e7:0d:fa:8c:2a:68:01:cb:92:90:
+        7d:d1:31:d8:6c:f4:b8:4b:ea:62:59:1e:31:4e:f7:17:ae:3f:
+        f0:b6:ff:f8:6e:64:e3:6e:e9:19:4f:d0:1e:84:1e:df:56:49:
+        ae:90:a9:e0:7b:70:e6:97:7f:08:f2:03:49:82:7d:58:8e:a5:
+        a0:88:59:f3:a1:ab:b7:dd:6b:9a:2b:79:64:9c:d3:07:7c:ec:
+        a3:8d:56:77:28:10:c9:42:a5:fa:81:8e:35:ad:f7:28:da:58:
+        cc:a0:61:fa:0d:75:fd:26:ab:07:88:c5:64:21:f1:98:1c:e3:
+        13:51:38:a7:59:a5:59:88:b9:10:4d:c1:79:70:3f:36:9e:08:
+        75:53:7f:77:a3:3d:5d:16:b7:3b:a2:f6:eb:41:9b:56:16:80:
+        34:96:57:f0:3a:3d:91:43:17:51:2b:64:2c:d7:e2:25:45:85:
+        f3:5f:73:f8:7d:aa:a3:6d:61:e8:ba:c5:90:5e:16:50:bc:79:
+        b9:4e:df:66:db:ae:95:80:15:da:4e:bf:8f:4e:9d:e3:7d:b0:
+        ab:8b:72:93:3c:56:1b:92:d3:67:07:d5:5a:ad:98:16:69:ea:
+        46:fe:e0:d0:f4:ae:95:d3:b5:80:7d:f2:64:4d:14:c0:97:d2:
+        f3:91:bb:e6:43:d0:7e:39:14:0b:95:ab:c1:56:fd:26:79:f8:
+        8c:69:eb:bc:74:0e:ea:cd:94:62:7e:30:58:01:7f:84:ee:9d:
+        58:9c:fc:8f:75:1e:d9:86:cb:f4:fd:4c:af:b2:f7:69:ea:58:
+        cb:7c:93:ce:3d:86:f0:46:01:df:86:02:a1:6c:0f:fb:13:84:
+        d6:75:23:f9:17:21
 -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
-MIIEyzCCAzOgAwIBAgIJAMstgJlaaVJeMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBCwUAME0xCzAJBgNV
+MIIEzTCCAzWgAwIBAgIJAMstgJlaaVJeMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBCwUAME0xCzAJBgNV
 BAYTAlhZMSYwJAYDVQQKDB1QeXRob24gU29mdHdhcmUgRm91bmRhdGlvbiBDQTEW
-MBQGA1UEAwwNb3VyLWNhLXNlcnZlcjAeFw0xODA4MjkxNDIzMTZaFw0zNzEwMjgx
-NDIzMTZaMGMxCzAJBgNVBAYTAlhZMRcwFQYDVQQHDA5DYXN0bGUgQW50aHJheDEj
-MCEGA1UECgwaUHl0aG9uIFNvZnR3YXJlIEZvdW5kYXRpb24xFjAUBgNVBAMMDWxv
-Y2FsaG9zdC1lY2MwdjAQBgcqhkjOPQIBBgUrgQQAIgNiAAQef97STEPn4Nk6C153
-VEx24MNkJUcmLe771u6lr3Q8Em3J/YPaA1i9Ys7KZA3WvoKBPoWaaikn4yLQbd/6
-YE6AAjMuaThlR1/cqH5QnmS3DXHUjmxnLjWy/dZl0CJG1qqjggHEMIIBwDAYBgNV
-HREEETAPgg1sb2NhbGhvc3QtZWNjMA4GA1UdDwEB/wQEAwIFoDAdBgNVHSUEFjAU
-BggrBgEFBQcDAQYIKwYBBQUHAwIwDAYDVR0TAQH/BAIwADAdBgNVHQ4EFgQURe0y
-FG1RojuwgFXgppt0TKVWiLEwfQYDVR0jBHYwdIAU8+yUjvKOMMSOaMK/jmoZwMGf
-dmWhUaRPME0xCzAJBgNVBAYTAlhZMSYwJAYDVQQKDB1QeXRob24gU29mdHdhcmUg
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+9P1Mr7L3aepYy3yTzj2G8EYB34YCoWwP+xOE1nUj+Rch
 -----END CERTIFICATE-----
diff --git a/Lib/test/certdata/make_ssl_certs.py b/Lib/test/certdata/make_ssl_certs.py
index 6626b93976a585..18e614496385fd 100644
--- a/Lib/test/certdata/make_ssl_certs.py
+++ b/Lib/test/certdata/make_ssl_certs.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """Make the custom certificate and private key files used by test_ssl
 and friends."""
 
+import argparse
 import os
 import pprint
 import shutil
@@ -8,7 +9,8 @@
 from subprocess import *
 
 startdate = "20180829142316Z"
-enddate = "20371028142316Z"
+enddate_default = "25251028142316Z"
+days_default = "140000"
 
 req_template = """
     [ default ]
@@ -79,8 +81,8 @@
     default_startdate = {startdate}
     enddate = {enddate}
     default_enddate = {enddate}
-    default_days = 7000
-    default_crl_days = 7000
+    default_days = {days}
+    default_crl_days = {days}
     certificate = pycacert.pem
     private_key = pycakey.pem
     serial    = $dir/serial
@@ -117,7 +119,7 @@
 here = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))
 
 
-def make_cert_key(hostname, sign=False, extra_san='',
+def make_cert_key(cmdlineargs, hostname, sign=False, extra_san='',
                   ext='req_x509_extensions_full', key='rsa:3072'):
     print("creating cert for " + hostname)
     tempnames = []
@@ -130,13 +132,13 @@ def make_cert_key(hostname, sign=False, extra_san='',
             hostname=hostname,
             extra_san=extra_san,
             startdate=startdate,
-            enddate=enddate
+            enddate=cmdlineargs.enddate,
+            days=cmdlineargs.days
         )
         with open(req_file, 'w') as f:
             f.write(req)
-        args = ['req', '-new', '-nodes', '-days', '7000',
+        args = ['req', '-new', '-nodes', '-days', cmdlineargs.days,
                 '-newkey', key, '-keyout', key_file,
-                '-extensions', ext,
                 '-config', req_file]
         if sign:
             with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(delete=False) as f:
@@ -145,7 +147,7 @@ def make_cert_key(hostname, sign=False, extra_san='',
             args += ['-out', reqfile ]
 
         else:
-            args += ['-x509', '-out', cert_file ]
+            args += ['-extensions', ext, '-x509', '-out', cert_file ]
         check_call(['openssl'] + args)
 
         if sign:
@@ -175,7 +177,7 @@ def make_cert_key(hostname, sign=False, extra_san='',
 def unmake_ca():
     shutil.rmtree(TMP_CADIR)
 
-def make_ca():
+def make_ca(cmdlineargs):
     os.mkdir(TMP_CADIR)
     with open(os.path.join('cadir','index.txt'),'a+') as f:
         pass # empty file
@@ -192,7 +194,8 @@ def make_ca():
             hostname='our-ca-server',
             extra_san='',
             startdate=startdate,
-            enddate=enddate
+            enddate=cmdlineargs.enddate,
+            days=cmdlineargs.days
         )
         t.write(req)
         t.flush()
@@ -219,14 +222,22 @@ def make_ca():
     shutil.copy('capath/ceff1710.0', 'capath/b1930218.0')
 
 
-def print_cert(path):
+def write_cert_reference(path):
     import _ssl
-    pprint.pprint(_ssl._test_decode_cert(path))
+    refdata = pprint.pformat(_ssl._test_decode_cert(path))
+    print(refdata)
+    with open(path + '.reference', 'w') as f:
+        print(refdata, file=f)
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Make the custom certificate and private key files used by test_ssl and friends.')
+    parser.add_argument('--days', default=days_default)
+    parser.add_argument('--enddate', default=enddate_default)
+    cmdlineargs = parser.parse_args()
+
     os.chdir(here)
-    cert, key = make_cert_key('localhost', ext='req_x509_extensions_simple')
+    cert, key = make_cert_key(cmdlineargs, 'localhost', ext='req_x509_extensions_simple')
     with open('ssl_cert.pem', 'w') as f:
         f.write(cert)
     with open('ssl_key.pem', 'w') as f:
@@ -243,24 +254,26 @@ def print_cert(path):
         f.write(cert)
 
     # For certificate matching tests
-    make_ca()
-    cert, key = make_cert_key('fakehostname', ext='req_x509_extensions_simple')
+    make_ca(cmdlineargs)
+    cert, key = make_cert_key(cmdlineargs, 'fakehostname', ext='req_x509_extensions_simple')
     with open('keycert2.pem', 'w') as f:
         f.write(key)
         f.write(cert)
 
-    cert, key = make_cert_key('localhost', sign=True)
+    cert, key = make_cert_key(cmdlineargs, 'localhost', sign=True)
     with open('keycert3.pem', 'w') as f:
         f.write(key)
         f.write(cert)
 
-    cert, key = make_cert_key('fakehostname', sign=True)
+    check_call(['openssl', 'x509', '-outform', 'pem', '-in', 'keycert3.pem', '-out', 'cert3.pem'])
+
+    cert, key = make_cert_key(cmdlineargs, 'fakehostname', sign=True)
     with open('keycert4.pem', 'w') as f:
         f.write(key)
         f.write(cert)
 
     cert, key = make_cert_key(
-        'localhost-ecc', sign=True, key='param:secp384r1.pem'
+        cmdlineargs, 'localhost-ecc', sign=True, key='param:secp384r1.pem'
     )
     with open('keycertecc.pem', 'w') as f:
         f.write(key)
@@ -280,7 +293,7 @@ def print_cert(path):
         'RID.1 = 1.2.3.4.5',
     ]
 
-    cert, key = make_cert_key('allsans', sign=True, extra_san='\n'.join(extra_san))
+    cert, key = make_cert_key(cmdlineargs, 'allsans', sign=True, extra_san='\n'.join(extra_san))
     with open('allsans.pem', 'w') as f:
         f.write(key)
         f.write(cert)
@@ -297,17 +310,17 @@ def print_cert(path):
     ]
 
     # IDN SANS, signed
-    cert, key = make_cert_key('idnsans', sign=True, extra_san='\n'.join(extra_san))
+    cert, key = make_cert_key(cmdlineargs, 'idnsans', sign=True, extra_san='\n'.join(extra_san))
     with open('idnsans.pem', 'w') as f:
         f.write(key)
         f.write(cert)
 
-    cert, key = make_cert_key('nosan', sign=True, ext='req_x509_extensions_nosan')
+    cert, key = make_cert_key(cmdlineargs, 'nosan', sign=True, ext='req_x509_extensions_nosan')
     with open('nosan.pem', 'w') as f:
         f.write(key)
         f.write(cert)
 
     unmake_ca()
-    print("update Lib/test/test_ssl.py and Lib/test/test_asyncio/utils.py")
-    print_cert('keycert.pem')
-    print_cert('keycert3.pem')
+    print("Writing out reference data for Lib/test/test_ssl.py and Lib/test/test_asyncio/utils.py")
+    write_cert_reference('keycert.pem')
+    write_cert_reference('keycert3.pem')
diff --git a/Lib/test/certdata/nosan.pem b/Lib/test/certdata/nosan.pem
index c6ff8ea31bfa2e..c397342fa86f6e 100644
--- a/Lib/test/certdata/nosan.pem
+++ b/Lib/test/certdata/nosan.pem
@@ -1,131 +1,137 @@
 -----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
-MIIG/gIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCBugwggbkAgEAAoIBgQC99xEYPTwFN/ji
-i0lm11ckEGhcxciSsIgTgior54CLgQy7JXllTYmAWFTTg2zNBvDMexGI0h+xtZ4q
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+WMfsY6Biye7P1D8V7btjLI8LTnv90ygoP0uSrX53hp7k4EFAeXyT9VN5wMXLw81a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 -----END PRIVATE KEY-----
 Certificate:
     Data:
-        Version: 1 (0x0)
+        Version: 3 (0x2)
         Serial Number:
             cb:2d:80:99:5a:69:52:61
         Signature Algorithm: sha256WithRSAEncryption
         Issuer: C=XY, O=Python Software Foundation CA, CN=our-ca-server
         Validity
             Not Before: Aug 29 14:23:16 2018 GMT
-            Not After : Oct 28 14:23:16 2037 GMT
+            Not After : Oct 28 14:23:16 2525 GMT
         Subject: C=XY, L=Castle Anthrax, O=Python Software Foundation, CN=nosan
         Subject Public Key Info:
             Public Key Algorithm: rsaEncryption
                 Public-Key: (3072 bit)
                 Modulus:
-                    00:bd:f7:11:18:3d:3c:05:37:f8:e2:8b:49:66:d7:
-                    57:24:10:68:5c:c5:c8:92:b0:88:13:82:2a:2b:e7:
-                    80:8b:81:0c:bb:25:79:65:4d:89:80:58:54:d3:83:
-                    6c:cd:06:f0:cc:7b:11:88:d2:1f:b1:b5:9e:2a:d5:
-                    17:a7:82:18:2d:df:73:77:63:a0:93:de:ff:cb:ec:
-                    99:04:d5:a6:d0:6c:5b:de:29:6f:f2:76:5c:47:d3:
-                    e8:cb:96:c1:0d:49:68:f2:4b:00:bc:d3:e7:fd:2f:
-                    76:d7:4d:c0:fc:4f:81:6e:f5:4b:72:d9:18:35:6b:
-                    f1:32:7a:49:e0:e5:19:9f:92:62:cd:83:17:e7:5f:
-                    94:79:9d:68:61:d0:08:9a:ee:1d:c0:c7:6c:c2:00:
-                    b7:f1:a9:92:26:7f:1c:1a:bc:48:07:b1:6f:f2:66:
-                    2f:93:f9:ea:09:c1:ed:22:ed:ae:8b:69:4a:0b:aa:
-                    c3:d5:f5:98:5a:83:38:8d:0d:a6:a9:a4:f1:c7:e3:
-                    63:56:df:d5:a5:46:1c:75:52:3b:62:46:6d:89:8a:
-                    19:f3:c5:c7:ec:fb:dd:33:2d:74:a9:e6:9c:68:fd:
-                    c1:3d:21:ae:1d:f2:27:aa:dd:1c:5d:fd:78:23:94:
-                    5e:85:5d:71:49:8f:07:cb:df:a0:f0:7a:1c:bc:9b:
-                    73:ca:28:0b:8e:f9:fc:8c:80:f3:cf:31:06:fb:a1:
-                    a4:72:fc:c0:46:d0:d6:b2:46:b7:93:c3:22:88:2d:
-                    2d:b3:69:f2:16:fe:22:a9:80:80:9b:c6:b5:89:af:
-                    f1:f5:6f:74:ba:3c:12:98:50:4d:ae:42:cd:3f:64:
-                    f9:d1:8e:38:74:55:e3:67:b9:ee:c9:71:1a:0d:6d:
-                    ed:bb:23:67:79:e8:a5:01:b1:51:0f:76:89:23:53:
-                    9f:6f:35:88:ba:49:ef:95:89:95:ed:51:b3:35:bb:
-                    f2:34:92:f0:cc:a6:b0:22:a1:bc:2d:24:56:20:70:
-                    4f:3a:37:59:45:26:31:d2:c0:33
+                    00:c3:e5:00:c7:04:14:ea:1b:98:3f:39:6e:a4:55:
+                    be:a8:4c:72:cc:e2:ae:b0:5f:8d:98:a1:f3:c6:06:
+                    35:85:94:87:8c:5f:bf:00:d4:fc:d1:be:02:8b:a3:
+                    d4:57:6c:13:9b:fd:0f:3d:ad:bb:6c:2f:d7:5d:f8:
+                    57:14:68:d3:fb:18:d2:e7:5f:e3:29:78:e9:cc:38:
+                    be:8c:ec:bc:e2:84:58:b4:3b:24:66:bc:2c:ad:58:
+                    85:0c:62:41:fc:96:a1:ee:c9:dc:1d:51:13:ac:6e:
+                    a1:a4:da:be:d2:6d:ef:17:cc:36:df:f5:d3:67:09:
+                    86:67:a0:e2:4c:88:6b:e9:d3:c0:f9:14:51:89:2f:
+                    e2:bb:37:dc:42:10:70:a9:1c:9e:66:17:2c:b0:ce:
+                    e9:e8:47:7b:ac:12:05:7e:d1:bf:27:b7:6f:3b:45:
+                    c2:e8:04:d6:8e:44:22:ed:e8:bd:45:4a:c4:9b:ea:
+                    0d:cd:4b:f0:14:34:d0:db:d5:52:e8:6b:de:87:14:
+                    b2:f7:ac:10:aa:4a:dd:f2:48:21:ad:cf:79:67:70:
+                    41:b9:1d:70:51:34:45:a8:91:ae:12:2a:a1:c3:38:
+                    ff:33:0d:96:71:b6:63:70:5a:9e:90:b4:76:85:8f:
+                    8a:d8:fd:79:cc:1a:27:a4:26:02:06:72:bc:de:07:
+                    c8:c0:83:01:82:f6:ed:b7:62:8e:7f:21:7e:4e:86:
+                    04:88:6e:a8:f4:9a:d6:15:47:06:70:25:bb:33:5d:
+                    54:27:ec:13:5b:43:33:45:36:09:e9:24:fa:49:c4:
+                    0e:31:0d:1a:f8:d7:92:2c:01:01:e6:ee:e8:2d:dc:
+                    6d:1a:5f:63:db:6d:76:31:3a:91:7f:51:df:b7:25:
+                    0b:b9:bd:81:9b:70:c5:31:a8:e3:da:1e:2d:c2:f1:
+                    05:13:ad:cb:c8:44:19:b8:5b:62:f6:7d:dd:f1:00:
+                    da:42:e9:16:9f:45:55:e3:7d:e1:85:7e:4d:29:c8:
+                    0a:e5:bc:8c:98:08:6b:f1:01:e5
                 Exponent: 65537 (0x10001)
+        X509v3 extensions:
+            X509v3 Subject Key Identifier: 
+                27:04:5B:37:51:0D:92:FD:2C:60:61:FE:4F:9C:66:20:41:2C:08:45
+            X509v3 Authority Key Identifier: 
+                C0:0A:2B:28:43:DE:5F:C9:7D:47:E5:47:9B:36:F2:65:8C:67:3B:E2
     Signature Algorithm: sha256WithRSAEncryption
     Signature Value:
-        7e:dd:64:64:92:6c:b9:41:ce:f3:e3:f8:e6:9f:c8:5b:32:39:
-        8c:03:5b:5e:7e:b3:23:ca:6c:d1:99:2f:53:af:9d:3c:84:cd:
-        c6:ce:0a:ee:94:de:ff:a7:06:81:7e:e2:38:a5:05:39:58:22:
-        dc:13:83:53:e7:f8:16:cb:93:dc:cf:4b:e6:1b:9f:9e:71:ef:
-        ee:ba:ea:b6:68:5c:32:22:7e:54:4f:46:a6:0b:11:8f:ef:05:
-        6e:d3:0b:d0:a8:be:95:23:a2:e4:e7:a8:a2:a4:7d:98:52:86:
-        a4:15:fb:74:7a:9a:89:23:43:20:26:3a:56:9e:a3:6e:54:02:
-        76:4e:25:9c:a1:8c:03:99:e5:eb:a6:61:b4:9c:2a:b1:ed:eb:
-        94:f9:14:aa:a4:c3:f0:f7:7a:03:a3:b1:f8:c0:83:79:ab:8a:
-        93:7f:0a:95:08:50:ff:55:19:ac:28:a2:c8:9f:a6:77:72:a3:
-        da:37:a9:ff:f3:57:70:c8:65:d9:55:14:84:b4:b3:78:86:82:
-        da:84:2c:48:19:51:ec:9d:20:b1:4d:18:fb:82:9f:7b:a7:80:
-        22:69:25:83:4d:bf:ac:31:64:f5:39:11:f1:ed:53:fb:67:ab:
-        91:86:c5:4d:87:e8:6b:fe:9a:84:fe:6a:92:6b:62:c1:ae:d2:
-        f0:cb:06:6e:f3:50:f4:8d:6d:fa:7d:6a:1c:64:c3:98:91:da:
-        c9:8c:a9:79:e5:48:4c:a2:de:42:28:e8:0e:9f:52:6a:a4:e0:
-        c7:ac:11:9c:ba:5d:d6:84:93:56:28:f1:6d:83:aa:62:b2:b7:
-        56:c6:64:d9:96:4e:97:ab:4e:8f:ba:f6:ab:b9:17:52:98:32:
-        7f:b5:12:fa:39:d7:34:2a:f3:ed:40:90:6f:66:7b:b6:c1:9d:
-        b9:53:d0:e3:e9:69:8c:cf:7a:fd:08:0a:62:47:d4:ce:72:f7:
-        6f:80:b4:1d:18:7a:ba:a2:a9:45:49:ef:9c:0b:99:89:03:ab:
-        5f:7a:9d:c5:77:b7
+        a0:b7:48:56:c6:b3:92:26:3f:d8:92:3c:ed:72:b5:89:ea:fd:
+        c9:66:da:ba:6a:8e:0d:04:ea:b2:fd:1f:e4:29:da:1e:c7:8f:
+        5a:f0:88:74:dd:b3:f0:5e:a7:c4:77:13:cf:a8:19:fb:f2:2d:
+        ee:47:b4:0c:7c:5b:d3:dc:2f:2a:5c:bf:43:22:1c:91:d8:03:
+        7d:44:90:c0:2d:fe:9e:7c:8b:ef:39:4e:b3:87:99:c8:eb:c2:
+        b7:cf:86:65:05:52:8c:15:b9:6a:8d:cd:e3:2a:29:d1:f5:87:
+        42:11:c3:2e:42:ec:ed:26:55:8d:f3:ad:66:f4:79:72:f7:9e:
+        ed:bc:0c:5a:a7:74:ab:dc:57:e8:5c:99:b6:32:8f:7e:58:6e:
+        70:48:ea:5d:a7:fa:b1:fc:c0:e9:50:3a:a4:53:21:e7:8b:77:
+        54:2d:bb:64:1e:fc:88:86:90:c1:03:90:17:bb:3c:cf:ce:e8:
+        48:32:c2:07:e5:8e:4f:93:a9:1a:e2:f5:93:a8:01:9f:30:26:
+        1e:ed:b5:62:e9:25:c5:b0:32:e1:fc:bd:d6:48:b4:70:a9:e2:
+        cd:f6:a9:42:cb:bb:24:39:b9:34:fc:b9:cb:09:01:f0:5e:7e:
+        ef:b5:59:d6:88:31:a9:4c:be:7d:5b:de:4d:ec:84:1b:a1:1b:
+        d8:7d:83:cb:f1:04:c9:f1:f3:a4:08:05:3c:b5:96:13:1d:37:
+        8a:23:83:22:86:72:17:13:5e:e8:89:06:58:cd:89:42:71:12:
+        e5:47:fc:f7:6e:96:28:8f:19:b9:d7:86:5b:c5:62:14:e1:5b:
+        06:e7:e0:66:7e:fc:b7:9e:a9:99:14:e5:0a:d6:df:8f:b5:a2:
+        1a:74:54:30:f6:f4:bf:1b:43:1d:be:4f:38:92:55:10:7b:d8:
+        4f:e0:33:0f:40:2e:58:ec:9c:78:1b:43:17:b3:cb:0b:f5:34:
+        e2:7e:11:a1:90:b6:3c:79:6a:0b:91:ce:0b:8d:d5:60:e4:6d:
+        c8:2a:3d:40:6d:17
 -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
-MIIEJDCCAowCCQDLLYCZWmlSYTANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFADBNMQswCQYDVQQGEwJY
-WTEmMCQGA1UECgwdUHl0aG9uIFNvZnR3YXJlIEZvdW5kYXRpb24gQ0ExFjAUBgNV
-BAMMDW91ci1jYS1zZXJ2ZXIwHhcNMTgwODI5MTQyMzE2WhcNMzcxMDI4MTQyMzE2
-WjBbMQswCQYDVQQGEwJYWTEXMBUGA1UEBwwOQ2FzdGxlIEFudGhyYXgxIzAhBgNV
-BAoMGlB5dGhvbiBTb2Z0d2FyZSBGb3VuZGF0aW9uMQ4wDAYDVQQDDAVub3NhbjCC
-AaIwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQADggGPADCCAYoCggGBAL33ERg9PAU3+OKLSWbXVyQQ
-aFzFyJKwiBOCKivngIuBDLsleWVNiYBYVNODbM0G8Mx7EYjSH7G1nirVF6eCGC3f
-c3djoJPe/8vsmQTVptBsW94pb/J2XEfT6MuWwQ1JaPJLALzT5/0vdtdNwPxPgW71
-S3LZGDVr8TJ6SeDlGZ+SYs2DF+dflHmdaGHQCJruHcDHbMIAt/GpkiZ/HBq8SAex
-b/JmL5P56gnB7SLtrotpSguqw9X1mFqDOI0Npqmk8cfjY1bf1aVGHHVSO2JGbYmK
-GfPFx+z73TMtdKnmnGj9wT0hrh3yJ6rdHF39eCOUXoVdcUmPB8vfoPB6HLybc8oo
-C475/IyA888xBvuhpHL8wEbQ1rJGt5PDIogtLbNp8hb+IqmAgJvGtYmv8fVvdLo8
-EphQTa5CzT9k+dGOOHRV42e57slxGg1t7bsjZ3nopQGxUQ92iSNTn281iLpJ75WJ
-le1RszW78jSS8MymsCKhvC0kViBwTzo3WUUmMdLAMwIDAQABMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEB
-CwUAA4IBgQB+3WRkkmy5Qc7z4/jmn8hbMjmMA1tefrMjymzRmS9Tr508hM3Gzgru
-lN7/pwaBfuI4pQU5WCLcE4NT5/gWy5Pcz0vmG5+ece/uuuq2aFwyIn5UT0amCxGP
-7wVu0wvQqL6VI6Lk56iipH2YUoakFft0epqJI0MgJjpWnqNuVAJ2TiWcoYwDmeXr
-pmG0nCqx7euU+RSqpMPw93oDo7H4wIN5q4qTfwqVCFD/VRmsKKLIn6Z3cqPaN6n/
-81dwyGXZVRSEtLN4hoLahCxIGVHsnSCxTRj7gp97p4AiaSWDTb+sMWT1ORHx7VP7
-Z6uRhsVNh+hr/pqE/mqSa2LBrtLwywZu81D0jW36fWocZMOYkdrJjKl55UhMot5C
-KOgOn1JqpODHrBGcul3WhJNWKPFtg6pisrdWxmTZlk6Xq06PuvaruRdSmDJ/tRL6
-Odc0KvPtQJBvZnu2wZ25U9Dj6WmMz3r9CApiR9TOcvdvgLQdGHq6oqlFSe+cC5mJ
-A6tfep3Fd7c=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 -----END CERTIFICATE-----
diff --git a/Lib/test/certdata/pycacert.pem b/Lib/test/certdata/pycacert.pem
index 0a48bf7d23539c..c2c8b1ecdcfc97 100644
--- a/Lib/test/certdata/pycacert.pem
+++ b/Lib/test/certdata/pycacert.pem
@@ -7,96 +7,96 @@ Certificate:
         Issuer: C=XY, O=Python Software Foundation CA, CN=our-ca-server
         Validity
             Not Before: Aug 29 14:23:16 2018 GMT
-            Not After : Oct 28 14:23:16 2037 GMT
+            Not After : Oct 28 14:23:16 2525 GMT
         Subject: C=XY, O=Python Software Foundation CA, CN=our-ca-server
         Subject Public Key Info:
             Public Key Algorithm: rsaEncryption
                 Public-Key: (3072 bit)
                 Modulus:
-                    00:d0:a0:9b:b1:b9:3b:79:ee:31:2f:b8:51:1c:01:
-                    75:ed:09:59:4c:ac:c8:bf:6a:0a:f8:7a:08:f0:25:
-                    e3:25:7b:6a:f8:c4:d8:aa:a0:60:07:25:b0:cf:73:
-                    71:05:52:68:bf:06:93:ae:10:61:96:bc:b3:69:81:
-                    1a:7d:19:fc:20:86:8f:9a:68:1b:ed:cd:e2:6c:61:
-                    67:c7:4e:55:ea:43:06:21:1b:e9:b9:be:84:5f:c2:
-                    da:eb:89:88:e0:42:a6:45:49:2a:d0:b9:6b:8c:93:
-                    c9:44:3b:ca:fc:3c:94:7f:dd:70:c5:ad:d8:4b:3b:
-                    dc:1e:f8:55:4b:b5:27:86:f8:df:b0:83:cf:f7:16:
-                    37:bf:13:17:34:d4:c9:55:ed:6b:16:c9:7f:ad:20:
-                    4e:f0:1e:d9:1b:bf:8d:ba:cd:ca:96:ef:1e:69:cb:
-                    51:66:61:48:0d:e8:79:a3:59:61:d4:10:8d:e0:0d:
-                    3b:0b:85:b6:d5:85:12:dd:a5:07:c5:4b:fa:23:fa:
-                    54:39:f7:97:0b:c9:44:47:1e:56:77:3c:3c:13:01:
-                    0b:6d:77:d6:14:ba:44:f4:53:35:56:d9:3d:b9:3e:
-                    35:5f:db:33:9a:4f:5a:b9:38:44:c9:32:49:fe:66:
-                    f6:1f:1a:97:aa:ca:4c:4a:f6:b8:5e:40:7f:fb:0b:
-                    1d:f8:5b:a1:dc:f8:c0:2e:d0:6d:49:f5:d2:46:d4:
-                    90:57:fe:92:81:34:ae:2d:38:bb:a8:17:0c:e1:e5:
-                    3f:e2:f7:26:05:54:50:f5:64:b3:1c:6e:44:ff:6f:
-                    a9:b4:03:96:e9:0e:c2:88:d8:72:52:90:99:c6:41:
-                    0f:46:90:59:b8:3e:6f:d2:e2:9e:1d:36:82:95:d3:
-                    58:8a:12:f3:e2:d8:0d:20:51:23:f0:90:2d:9a:3e:
-                    7d:26:86:b2:a7:d7:f9:28:60:03:e3:77:c7:88:04:
-                    c9:fe:89:77:70:10:4f:c3:a0:8a:3b:f4:ab:42:7b:
-                    e3:14:92:d8:ae:16:d6:a1:de:7d
+                    00:e6:ba:e2:e4:c1:c2:0c:1c:3e:62:d8:b9:5c:57:
+                    2e:52:b8:83:c5:88:3a:e6:9a:7a:f5:64:16:33:eb:
+                    37:6e:2f:7b:f3:68:03:45:65:47:5d:71:10:59:ca:
+                    2b:1b:00:6c:81:14:61:f4:86:59:3f:ea:fd:78:37:
+                    16:9d:43:f1:c4:f6:69:8c:c5:29:06:88:9e:26:22:
+                    04:ac:04:d8:87:34:48:39:eb:6b:f2:0b:92:aa:c3:
+                    6e:63:51:51:6b:c2:ad:ff:5c:c8:2f:b2:1b:9c:20:
+                    8a:40:3e:a2:2f:6a:ea:c8:d9:37:43:5c:dc:ed:92:
+                    e2:d9:40:d2:61:9f:71:8a:f5:ed:39:ba:a8:5e:3e:
+                    b5:21:63:10:d8:6f:b4:e2:11:01:0b:10:e8:bb:fb:
+                    62:ef:48:55:bc:f5:d2:9c:ab:68:ae:95:25:19:f2:
+                    97:7d:1a:dc:66:ea:88:5e:86:e4:cb:cb:69:4d:5e:
+                    b0:a3:fb:6c:31:e4:28:60:5e:90:f1:d4:2e:10:50:
+                    e1:85:f0:0d:5c:bd:dd:45:24:08:19:3e:1c:93:66:
+                    8f:2b:da:53:7d:04:1c:0e:42:c4:68:5e:a6:cd:a9:
+                    18:ed:a7:cd:6a:d0:d1:86:ba:90:ff:b7:4c:de:c7:
+                    43:24:6d:c7:1c:6b:9c:81:e7:e1:1b:57:25:90:a9:
+                    0e:c9:56:f3:f6:6b:5e:2d:b4:2e:40:50:9b:42:63:
+                    d2:d6:99:1c:38:dc:cf:2b:2c:a7:72:f1:c7:5e:63:
+                    34:76:48:f4:3e:88:13:9e:86:16:53:2f:74:fb:87:
+                    01:8d:22:a4:68:33:ee:13:6c:7a:06:14:54:56:17:
+                    57:57:98:34:d0:0b:66:09:e3:88:09:f8:a5:15:1c:
+                    10:73:d0:88:50:99:5e:18:65:3b:ff:31:27:1b:5e:
+                    c6:aa:41:fd:2d:2f:18:a7:c0:f2:ab:c7:22:b5:0b:
+                    69:d2:73:d1:bb:d0:1c:3d:fa:a4:35:62:cd:33:86:
+                    c7:a0:23:0f:b9:6a:d5:d2:6d:8d
                 Exponent: 65537 (0x10001)
         X509v3 extensions:
             X509v3 Subject Key Identifier: 
-                F3:EC:94:8E:F2:8E:30:C4:8E:68:C2:BF:8E:6A:19:C0:C1:9F:76:65
+                C0:0A:2B:28:43:DE:5F:C9:7D:47:E5:47:9B:36:F2:65:8C:67:3B:E2
             X509v3 Authority Key Identifier: 
-                F3:EC:94:8E:F2:8E:30:C4:8E:68:C2:BF:8E:6A:19:C0:C1:9F:76:65
+                C0:0A:2B:28:43:DE:5F:C9:7D:47:E5:47:9B:36:F2:65:8C:67:3B:E2
             X509v3 Basic Constraints: critical
                 CA:TRUE
             X509v3 Key Usage: critical
                 Digital Signature, Certificate Sign, CRL Sign
     Signature Algorithm: sha256WithRSAEncryption
     Signature Value:
-        8b:00:54:72:b3:8d:eb:f3:af:34:9f:d6:60:ea:de:84:3f:8c:
-        04:8f:19:a6:be:02:67:c4:63:c5:74:e3:47:37:59:83:94:06:
-        f1:45:19:e8:07:2f:d6:4e:4b:4f:a8:3d:c7:07:07:27:92:f4:
-        7e:73:4f:8b:32:19:94:46:7a:25:c4:d9:c4:27:b0:11:63:3a:
-        60:8b:85:e1:73:4f:34:3b:6b:a4:34:8c:49:8e:cd:cf:4f:b2:
-        65:27:41:19:b0:fc:80:31:78:f2:73:6a:9b:7d:71:34:50:fc:
-        78:a8:da:05:b4:9c:5b:3a:99:7a:6b:5d:ef:3b:d3:e9:3b:33:
-        01:12:65:cf:5e:07:d8:19:af:d5:53:ea:f0:10:ac:c4:b6:26:
-        3c:34:2e:74:ee:64:dd:1d:36:75:89:44:00:b0:0d:fd:2f:b3:
-        01:cc:1a:8b:02:cd:6c:e8:80:82:ca:bf:82:d7:00:9d:d8:36:
-        15:d2:07:37:fc:6c:73:1d:da:a8:1c:e8:20:8e:32:7a:fe:6d:
-        27:16:e4:58:6c:eb:3e:f0:fe:24:52:29:71:b8:96:7b:53:4b:
-        45:20:55:40:5e:86:1b:ec:c9:46:91:92:ee:ac:93:65:91:2e:
-        94:b6:b6:ac:e8:a3:34:89:a4:1a:12:0d:4d:44:a5:52:ed:8b:
-        91:ee:2f:a6:af:a4:95:25:f9:ce:c7:5b:a7:00:d3:93:ca:b4:
-        3c:5d:4d:f7:b1:3c:cc:6d:b4:45:be:82:ed:18:90:c8:86:d1:
-        75:51:50:04:4c:e8:4f:d2:d6:50:aa:75:e7:5e:ff:a1:7b:27:
-        19:1c:6b:49:2c:6c:4d:6b:63:cc:3b:73:00:f3:99:26:d0:82:
-        87:d3:a9:36:9c:b4:3d:b9:48:68:a8:92:f0:27:8e:0c:cd:15:
-        76:42:84:80:c9:3f:a3:7e:b4:dd:d7:f8:ac:76:ba:60:97:3c:
-        5a:1f:4e:de:71:ee:09:39:10:dd:31:d5:68:57:5d:1a:e5:42:
-        ba:0e:68:e6:45:d3
+        bc:e3:56:22:03:e4:5c:b9:67:ff:94:bc:75:9c:00:85:b0:d5:
+        9c:c4:c3:29:66:5e:8b:b2:a9:a6:30:86:71:1a:6b:f2:00:c5:
+        82:ab:5f:50:04:2a:fb:ed:b8:4c:b9:00:1b:49:57:92:11:cd:
+        a2:bc:cb:0f:a8:b4:61:f8:14:ca:a0:ec:40:17:ba:55:a1:c4:
+        bc:a6:b2:5a:ef:f4:20:10:77:47:d0:a0:c5:58:b9:6c:b5:10:
+        7b:85:4a:43:a3:fb:2c:01:b9:77:17:b0:be:a0:ee:ae:ae:4d:
+        67:86:48:89:57:86:78:ea:3c:ed:f0:41:35:8d:71:68:55:f9:
+        f2:e9:ac:32:d4:c6:a2:ef:ec:54:e6:c4:8e:2c:fd:bd:aa:60:
+        56:65:33:95:ea:10:c6:74:04:eb:2a:6e:9b:11:f6:61:00:aa:
+        fd:ec:f2:0b:b1:4b:11:cd:93:eb:df:98:ae:4c:b4:07:04:4a:
+        e5:ef:ff:52:58:75:f5:3e:a4:71:e1:4a:72:5c:a9:8f:d4:aa:
+        88:f0:6a:71:b4:c3:00:5f:99:6e:d7:91:af:6c:98:0d:64:c2:
+        24:c7:9e:05:11:68:5e:24:62:e3:2e:45:ec:a3:34:f2:a3:9d:
+        4d:e5:32:18:2f:74:fc:11:f1:36:50:4f:a0:40:29:68:5c:43:
+        4c:23:6c:5d:72:c4:ec:52:76:eb:dc:b2:bc:1f:a6:c4:06:66:
+        9b:5c:c7:cc:ca:f2:d1:25:4f:de:a5:1f:8d:e4:0c:49:b6:cf:
+        85:40:a1:b9:1f:c6:c7:19:15:07:63:34:93:d0:57:a0:5a:70:
+        ec:af:4a:1c:72:17:1d:74:a3:6c:31:45:0b:33:7a:a1:b8:46:
+        db:c7:0e:64:4c:6f:b7:99:04:82:43:1f:e0:59:d6:99:21:27:
+        28:09:40:ae:fc:c4:23:aa:a0:0c:08:05:2a:92:1c:db:23:9e:
+        d1:d5:63:ae:39:13:a3:12:88:5a:43:3c:4a:6e:32:f0:84:9f:
+        f9:09:0c:91:e7:b8
 -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
-MIIEgDCCAuigAwIBAgIJAMstgJlaaVJbMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBCwUAME0xCzAJBgNV
+MIIEgjCCAuqgAwIBAgIJAMstgJlaaVJbMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBCwUAME0xCzAJBgNV
 BAYTAlhZMSYwJAYDVQQKDB1QeXRob24gU29mdHdhcmUgRm91bmRhdGlvbiBDQTEW
-MBQGA1UEAwwNb3VyLWNhLXNlcnZlcjAeFw0xODA4MjkxNDIzMTZaFw0zNzEwMjgx
-NDIzMTZaME0xCzAJBgNVBAYTAlhZMSYwJAYDVQQKDB1QeXRob24gU29mdHdhcmUg
-Rm91bmRhdGlvbiBDQTEWMBQGA1UEAwwNb3VyLWNhLXNlcnZlcjCCAaIwDQYJKoZI
-hvcNAQEBBQADggGPADCCAYoCggGBANCgm7G5O3nuMS+4URwBde0JWUysyL9qCvh6
-CPAl4yV7avjE2KqgYAclsM9zcQVSaL8Gk64QYZa8s2mBGn0Z/CCGj5poG+3N4mxh
-Z8dOVepDBiEb6bm+hF/C2uuJiOBCpkVJKtC5a4yTyUQ7yvw8lH/dcMWt2Es73B74
-VUu1J4b437CDz/cWN78TFzTUyVXtaxbJf60gTvAe2Ru/jbrNypbvHmnLUWZhSA3o
-eaNZYdQQjeANOwuFttWFEt2lB8VL+iP6VDn3lwvJREceVnc8PBMBC2131hS6RPRT
-NVbZPbk+NV/bM5pPWrk4RMkySf5m9h8al6rKTEr2uF5Af/sLHfhbodz4wC7QbUn1
-0kbUkFf+koE0ri04u6gXDOHlP+L3JgVUUPVksxxuRP9vqbQDlukOwojYclKQmcZB
-D0aQWbg+b9Linh02gpXTWIoS8+LYDSBRI/CQLZo+fSaGsqfX+ShgA+N3x4gEyf6J
-d3AQT8Ogijv0q0J74xSS2K4W1qHefQIDAQABo2MwYTAdBgNVHQ4EFgQU8+yUjvKO
-MMSOaMK/jmoZwMGfdmUwHwYDVR0jBBgwFoAU8+yUjvKOMMSOaMK/jmoZwMGfdmUw
-DwYDVR0TAQH/BAUwAwEB/zAOBgNVHQ8BAf8EBAMCAYYwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQELBQAD
-ggGBAIsAVHKzjevzrzSf1mDq3oQ/jASPGaa+AmfEY8V040c3WYOUBvFFGegHL9ZO
-S0+oPccHByeS9H5zT4syGZRGeiXE2cQnsBFjOmCLheFzTzQ7a6Q0jEmOzc9PsmUn
-QRmw/IAxePJzapt9cTRQ/Hio2gW0nFs6mXprXe870+k7MwESZc9eB9gZr9VT6vAQ
-rMS2Jjw0LnTuZN0dNnWJRACwDf0vswHMGosCzWzogILKv4LXAJ3YNhXSBzf8bHMd
-2qgc6CCOMnr+bScW5Fhs6z7w/iRSKXG4lntTS0UgVUBehhvsyUaRku6sk2WRLpS2
-tqzoozSJpBoSDU1EpVLti5HuL6avpJUl+c7HW6cA05PKtDxdTfexPMxttEW+gu0Y
-kMiG0XVRUARM6E/S1lCqdede/6F7Jxkca0ksbE1rY8w7cwDzmSbQgofTqTactD25
-SGiokvAnjgzNFXZChIDJP6N+tN3X+Kx2umCXPFofTt5x7gk5EN0x1WhXXRrlQroO
-aOZF0w==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 -----END CERTIFICATE-----
diff --git a/Lib/test/certdata/pycakey.pem b/Lib/test/certdata/pycakey.pem
index a6bf7356f4f684..0248f985545e20 100644
--- a/Lib/test/certdata/pycakey.pem
+++ b/Lib/test/certdata/pycakey.pem
@@ -1,40 +1,40 @@
 -----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
-MIIG/gIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCBugwggbkAgEAAoIBgQDQoJuxuTt57jEv
-uFEcAXXtCVlMrMi/agr4egjwJeMle2r4xNiqoGAHJbDPc3EFUmi/BpOuEGGWvLNp
-gRp9Gfwgho+aaBvtzeJsYWfHTlXqQwYhG+m5voRfwtrriYjgQqZFSSrQuWuMk8lE
-O8r8PJR/3XDFrdhLO9we+FVLtSeG+N+wg8/3Fje/Exc01MlV7WsWyX+tIE7wHtkb
-v426zcqW7x5py1FmYUgN6HmjWWHUEI3gDTsLhbbVhRLdpQfFS/oj+lQ595cLyURH
-HlZ3PDwTAQttd9YUukT0UzVW2T25PjVf2zOaT1q5OETJMkn+ZvYfGpeqykxK9rhe
-QH/7Cx34W6Hc+MAu0G1J9dJG1JBX/pKBNK4tOLuoFwzh5T/i9yYFVFD1ZLMcbkT/
-b6m0A5bpDsKI2HJSkJnGQQ9GkFm4Pm/S4p4dNoKV01iKEvPi2A0gUSPwkC2aPn0m
-hrKn1/koYAPjd8eIBMn+iXdwEE/DoIo79KtCe+MUktiuFtah3n0CAwEAAQKCAYAD
-iUK0/k2ZRqXJHXKBKy8rWjYMHCj3lvMM/M3g+tYWS7i88w00cIJ1geM006FDSf8i
-LxjatvFd2OCg9ay+w8LSbvrJJGGbeXAQjo1v7ePRPttAPWphQ8RCS+8NAKhJcNJu
-UzapZ13WJKfL2HLw1+VbziORXjMlLKRnAVDkzHMZO70C5MEQ0EIX+C6zrmBOl2HH
-du6LPy8crSaDQg8YxFCI7WWnvRKp+Gp8aIfYnR+7ifT1qr5o9sEUw8GAReyooJ3a
-yJ9uBUbcelO8fNjEABf9xjx+jOmOVsQfig2KuBEi0qXlQSpilZfUdYJhtNke9ADu
-Hui6MBn04D4RIzeKXV+OLjiLwqkJyNlPuxJ2EGpIHNMcx3gpjXIApAwc47BQwLKJ
-VhMWMXS0EWhCLtEzf5UrbMNX+Io3J7noEUu6jxmJV1BKhrnlYeoo4JryN0DUpkSb
-rOAOJLOkpfj7+gvqmWI4MT6SQXSr6BK+3m4J5bVSq4pej9uG5NR3Utghi5hF7DEC
-gcEA3cYNPYPFSTj9YAR3GUZvwUPVL3ZEFcwjrIeg87JhuZOH/hSQ33SgeEoAtaqL
-cLbimj7YzUYx3FOUCp/7yK/bAF1dhAbFab1yZE46Qv2Vi4e+/KEBBftqxyJl5KyV
-vc/HE1dXZGZIO1X5Z5MX8nO3rz/YayiozYVmMibrbHxgTEDC4BrbWtPJQNkflWEb
-FXNjkm0s2+J3kFANpL94NUKMGtArxQV3hWydGN8wS3Fn7LDnHDoM5mOt/naeKRES
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 -----END PRIVATE KEY-----
diff --git a/Lib/test/certdata/revocation.crl b/Lib/test/certdata/revocation.crl
index 431a831c4f196a..a10586d1f79345 100644
--- a/Lib/test/certdata/revocation.crl
+++ b/Lib/test/certdata/revocation.crl
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 -----BEGIN X509 CRL-----
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 -----END X509 CRL-----
diff --git a/Lib/test/certdata/ssl_cert.pem b/Lib/test/certdata/ssl_cert.pem
index 427948252b786e..6db52404942210 100644
--- a/Lib/test/certdata/ssl_cert.pem
+++ b/Lib/test/certdata/ssl_cert.pem
@@ -1,27 +1,27 @@
 -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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 -----END CERTIFICATE-----
diff --git a/Lib/test/certdata/ssl_key.passwd.pem b/Lib/test/certdata/ssl_key.passwd.pem
index 6ab7d57d003a35..e60a66c2798784 100644
--- a/Lib/test/certdata/ssl_key.passwd.pem
+++ b/Lib/test/certdata/ssl_key.passwd.pem
@@ -1,42 +1,42 @@
 -----BEGIN ENCRYPTED PRIVATE KEY-----
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+gz2NA4j1ZEOmB5L+hmf2gW+xgW6eeMjylj5JdeAliNaUqIhOju30vo4=
 -----END ENCRYPTED PRIVATE KEY-----
diff --git a/Lib/test/certdata/ssl_key.pem b/Lib/test/certdata/ssl_key.pem
index ee927210511dfc..1ad9e5e2b832cf 100644
--- a/Lib/test/certdata/ssl_key.pem
+++ b/Lib/test/certdata/ssl_key.pem
@@ -1,40 +1,40 @@
 -----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
-MIIG/QIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCBucwggbjAgEAAoIBgQDNdMiXWy7XUAa7
-qwM+yjGpxEbIBfTKPEhyzAW+P55b98GzYZwFvL3lUQ4qkk8pFhgHt8AQCMAorn3M
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+v4FHy2XKh+RMAx7QrdvnQ4CfrjvjQIaAcN1HrdTKWwgQZZImRf57nUCMm82ktZ2k
+vYEJTXMkT8CY0DSeGtPmX5ynk7cauHTdZrkPGhZ3Hr6GAFomOammnnytv2wc+5FA
+Ap+d65UgF4KjGY4rtsS+jOHn
 -----END PRIVATE KEY-----
diff --git a/Lib/test/clinic.test.c b/Lib/test/clinic.test.c
index efbf9885d82936..2a071f8485a2b8 100644
--- a/Lib/test/clinic.test.c
+++ b/Lib/test/clinic.test.c
@@ -2179,7 +2179,7 @@ test_keywords(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObjec
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(a), &_Py_ID(b), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('a'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('b'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -2213,7 +2213,7 @@ test_keywords(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObjec
 
 static PyObject *
 test_keywords_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *a, PyObject *b)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=73d46a9ae3320f96 input=0d3484844749c05b]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=13ba007e1c842a37 input=0d3484844749c05b]*/
 
 
 /*[clinic input]
@@ -2249,7 +2249,7 @@ test_keywords_kwonly(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs,
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(a), &_Py_ID(b), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('a'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('b'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -2283,7 +2283,7 @@ test_keywords_kwonly(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs,
 
 static PyObject *
 test_keywords_kwonly_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *a, PyObject *b)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=c9f02a41f425897d input=384adc78bfa0bff7]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=789799a6d2d6eb4d input=384adc78bfa0bff7]*/
 
 
 /*[clinic input]
@@ -2320,7 +2320,7 @@ test_keywords_opt(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, PyO
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(a), &_Py_ID(b), &_Py_ID(c), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('a'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('b'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('c'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -2367,7 +2367,7 @@ test_keywords_opt(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, PyO
 static PyObject *
 test_keywords_opt_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *a, PyObject *b,
                        PyObject *c)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=b35d4e66f7283e46 input=eda7964f784f4607]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=42430dd8ea5afde6 input=eda7964f784f4607]*/
 
 
 /*[clinic input]
@@ -2406,7 +2406,7 @@ test_keywords_opt_kwonly(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nar
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(a), &_Py_ID(b), &_Py_ID(c), &_Py_ID(d), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('a'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('b'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('c'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('d'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -2464,7 +2464,7 @@ test_keywords_opt_kwonly(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nar
 static PyObject *
 test_keywords_opt_kwonly_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *a, PyObject *b,
                               PyObject *c, PyObject *d)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=ede7e6e65106bf2b input=209387a4815e5082]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=f312c35c380d2bf9 input=209387a4815e5082]*/
 
 
 /*[clinic input]
@@ -2502,7 +2502,7 @@ test_keywords_kwonly_opt(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nar
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(a), &_Py_ID(b), &_Py_ID(c), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('a'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('b'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('c'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -2549,7 +2549,7 @@ test_keywords_kwonly_opt(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nar
 static PyObject *
 test_keywords_kwonly_opt_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *a, PyObject *b,
                               PyObject *c)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=36d4df939a4c3eef input=18393cc64fa000f4]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=3937da2a8233ebe0 input=18393cc64fa000f4]*/
 
 
 /*[clinic input]
@@ -2585,7 +2585,7 @@ test_posonly_keywords(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs,
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(b), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('b'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -2619,7 +2619,7 @@ test_posonly_keywords(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs,
 
 static PyObject *
 test_posonly_keywords_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *a, PyObject *b)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=4835f4b6cf386c28 input=1767b0ebdf06060e]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=6b4f6dd5f4db3877 input=1767b0ebdf06060e]*/
 
 
 /*[clinic input]
@@ -2656,7 +2656,7 @@ test_posonly_kwonly(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, P
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(c), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('c'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -2690,7 +2690,7 @@ test_posonly_kwonly(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, P
 
 static PyObject *
 test_posonly_kwonly_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *a, PyObject *c)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=2570ea156a8d3cb5 input=9042f2818f664839]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=8bef2a8198e70b26 input=9042f2818f664839]*/
 
 
 /*[clinic input]
@@ -2729,7 +2729,7 @@ test_posonly_keywords_kwonly(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(b), &_Py_ID(c), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('b'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('c'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -2766,7 +2766,7 @@ test_posonly_keywords_kwonly(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t
 static PyObject *
 test_posonly_keywords_kwonly_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *a, PyObject *b,
                                   PyObject *c)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=aaa0e6b5ce02900d input=29546ebdca492fea]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=a44b8ae8300955e1 input=29546ebdca492fea]*/
 
 
 /*[clinic input]
@@ -2805,7 +2805,7 @@ test_posonly_keywords_opt(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t na
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(b), &_Py_ID(c), &_Py_ID(d), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('b'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('c'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('d'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -2854,7 +2854,7 @@ test_posonly_keywords_opt(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t na
 static PyObject *
 test_posonly_keywords_opt_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *a, PyObject *b,
                                PyObject *c, PyObject *d)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=1d9f2d8420d0a85f input=cdf5a9625e554e9b]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=cae6647c9e8e0238 input=cdf5a9625e554e9b]*/
 
 
 /*[clinic input]
@@ -2892,7 +2892,7 @@ test_posonly_keywords_opt2(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t n
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(b), &_Py_ID(c), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('b'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('c'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -2939,7 +2939,7 @@ test_posonly_keywords_opt2(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t n
 static PyObject *
 test_posonly_keywords_opt2_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *a, PyObject *b,
                                 PyObject *c)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=a83caa0505b296cf input=1581299d21d16f14]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=6526fd08aafa2149 input=1581299d21d16f14]*/
 
 
 /*[clinic input]
@@ -2978,7 +2978,7 @@ test_posonly_opt_keywords_opt(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(c), &_Py_ID(d), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('c'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('d'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -3032,7 +3032,7 @@ test_posonly_opt_keywords_opt(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_
 static PyObject *
 test_posonly_opt_keywords_opt_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *a,
                                    PyObject *b, PyObject *c, PyObject *d)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=0b24fba3dc04d26b input=408798ec3d42949f]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=b8d01e98443738c2 input=408798ec3d42949f]*/
 
 
 /*[clinic input]
@@ -3072,7 +3072,7 @@ test_posonly_kwonly_opt(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t narg
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(b), &_Py_ID(c), &_Py_ID(d), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('b'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('c'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('d'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -3121,7 +3121,7 @@ test_posonly_kwonly_opt(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t narg
 static PyObject *
 test_posonly_kwonly_opt_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *a, PyObject *b,
                              PyObject *c, PyObject *d)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=592b217bca2f7bcc input=8d8e5643bbbc2309]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=81d71c288f13d4dc input=8d8e5643bbbc2309]*/
 
 
 /*[clinic input]
@@ -3160,7 +3160,7 @@ test_posonly_kwonly_opt2(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nar
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(b), &_Py_ID(c), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('b'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('c'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -3207,7 +3207,7 @@ test_posonly_kwonly_opt2(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nar
 static PyObject *
 test_posonly_kwonly_opt2_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *a, PyObject *b,
                               PyObject *c)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=b8b00420826bc11f input=f7e5eed94f75fff0]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=a717d2a1a3310289 input=f7e5eed94f75fff0]*/
 
 
 /*[clinic input]
@@ -3247,7 +3247,7 @@ test_posonly_opt_kwonly_opt(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(c), &_Py_ID(d), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('c'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('d'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -3301,7 +3301,7 @@ test_posonly_opt_kwonly_opt(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t
 static PyObject *
 test_posonly_opt_kwonly_opt_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *a, PyObject *b,
                                  PyObject *c, PyObject *d)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=3b9ee879ebee285a input=1e557dc979d120fd]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=0f50b4b8d45cf2de input=1e557dc979d120fd]*/
 
 
 /*[clinic input]
@@ -3343,7 +3343,7 @@ test_posonly_keywords_kwonly_opt(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssi
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(b), &_Py_ID(c), &_Py_ID(d), &_Py_ID(e), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('b'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('c'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('d'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('e'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -3395,7 +3395,7 @@ static PyObject *
 test_posonly_keywords_kwonly_opt_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *a,
                                       PyObject *b, PyObject *c, PyObject *d,
                                       PyObject *e)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=d380f84f81cc0e45 input=c3884a4f956fdc89]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=8dac8d2a4e6105fa input=c3884a4f956fdc89]*/
 
 
 /*[clinic input]
@@ -3435,7 +3435,7 @@ test_posonly_keywords_kwonly_opt2(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ss
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(b), &_Py_ID(c), &_Py_ID(d), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('b'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('c'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('d'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -3484,7 +3484,7 @@ test_posonly_keywords_kwonly_opt2(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ss
 static PyObject *
 test_posonly_keywords_kwonly_opt2_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *a,
                                        PyObject *b, PyObject *c, PyObject *d)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=ee629e962cb06992 input=68d01d7c0f6dafb0]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=5a96d521e6414f5d input=68d01d7c0f6dafb0]*/
 
 
 /*[clinic input]
@@ -3527,7 +3527,7 @@ test_posonly_keywords_opt_kwonly_opt(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(b), &_Py_ID(c), &_Py_ID(d), &_Py_ID(e), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('b'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('c'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('d'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('e'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -3588,7 +3588,7 @@ static PyObject *
 test_posonly_keywords_opt_kwonly_opt_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *a,
                                           PyObject *b, PyObject *c,
                                           PyObject *d, PyObject *e)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=a2721babb42ecfd1 input=d0883d45876f186c]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=d5a474dcd5dc3e9f input=d0883d45876f186c]*/
 
 
 /*[clinic input]
@@ -3631,7 +3631,7 @@ test_posonly_keywords_opt2_kwonly_opt(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, P
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(b), &_Py_ID(c), &_Py_ID(d), &_Py_ID(e), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('b'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('c'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('d'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('e'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -3697,7 +3697,7 @@ static PyObject *
 test_posonly_keywords_opt2_kwonly_opt_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *a,
                                            PyObject *b, PyObject *c,
                                            PyObject *d, PyObject *e)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=0626203eedb6e7e8 input=c95e2e1ec93035ad]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=ac239c5ee8a74408 input=c95e2e1ec93035ad]*/
 
 
 /*[clinic input]
@@ -3742,7 +3742,7 @@ test_posonly_opt_keywords_opt_kwonly_opt(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(c), &_Py_ID(d), &_Py_ID(e), &_Py_ID(f), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('c'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('d'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('e'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('f'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -3816,7 +3816,7 @@ test_posonly_opt_keywords_opt_kwonly_opt_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *a,
                                               PyObject *b, PyObject *c,
                                               PyObject *d, PyObject *e,
                                               PyObject *f)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=07d8acc04558a5a0 input=9914857713c5bbf8]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=638bbd0005639342 input=9914857713c5bbf8]*/
 
 /*[clinic input]
 test_keyword_only_parameter
@@ -4134,8 +4134,8 @@ test_vararg_and_posonly
 
 
     a: object
-    *args: object
     /
+    *args: object
 
 [clinic start generated code]*/
 
@@ -4177,7 +4177,7 @@ test_vararg_and_posonly(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t narg
 
 static PyObject *
 test_vararg_and_posonly_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *a, PyObject *args)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=79b75dc07decc8d6 input=08dc2bf7afbf1613]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=79b75dc07decc8d6 input=9cfa748bbff09877]*/
 
 /*[clinic input]
 test_vararg
@@ -4212,7 +4212,7 @@ test_vararg(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObject
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(a), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('a'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -4247,7 +4247,7 @@ test_vararg(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObject
 
 static PyObject *
 test_vararg_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *a, PyObject *args)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=880365c61ae205d7 input=81d33815ad1bae6e]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=1411e464f358a7ba input=81d33815ad1bae6e]*/
 
 /*[clinic input]
 test_vararg_with_default
@@ -4284,7 +4284,7 @@ test_vararg_with_default(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nar
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(a), &_Py_ID(b), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('a'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('b'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -4330,7 +4330,7 @@ test_vararg_with_default(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nar
 static PyObject *
 test_vararg_with_default_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *a, PyObject *args,
                               int b)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=291e9a5a09831128 input=6e110b54acd9b22d]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=f09d4b917063ca41 input=6e110b54acd9b22d]*/
 
 /*[clinic input]
 test_vararg_with_only_defaults
@@ -4367,7 +4367,7 @@ test_vararg_with_only_defaults(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(b), &_Py_ID(c), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('b'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('c'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -4418,7 +4418,7 @@ test_vararg_with_only_defaults(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize
 static PyObject *
 test_vararg_with_only_defaults_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *args, int b,
                                     PyObject *c)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=dd21b28f0db26a4b input=fa56a709a035666e]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=cc6590b8805d5433 input=fa56a709a035666e]*/
 
 /*[clinic input]
 test_paramname_module
@@ -4685,7 +4685,7 @@ Test_cls_with_param(TestObj *self, PyTypeObject *cls, PyObject *const *args, Py_
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(a), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('a'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -4720,7 +4720,7 @@ Test_cls_with_param(TestObj *self, PyTypeObject *cls, PyObject *const *args, Py_
 
 static PyObject *
 Test_cls_with_param_impl(TestObj *self, PyTypeObject *cls, int a)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=d89b99e83d442be0 input=af158077bd237ef9]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=a3a968137b0f320a input=af158077bd237ef9]*/
 
 
 /*[clinic input]
@@ -4920,7 +4920,7 @@ Test_an_metho_arg_named_arg_impl(TestObj *self, int arg)
 /*[clinic input]
 Test.__init__
     *args: object
-    /
+
 Varargs init method. For example, nargs is translated to PyTuple_GET_SIZE.
 [clinic start generated code]*/
 
@@ -4958,14 +4958,14 @@ Test___init__(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
 
 static int
 Test___init___impl(TestObj *self, PyObject *args)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=0ed1009fe0dcf98d input=96c3ddc0cd38fc0c]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=0ed1009fe0dcf98d input=2a8bd0033c9ac772]*/
 
 
 /*[clinic input]
 @classmethod
 Test.__new__
     *args: object
-    /
+
 Varargs new method. For example, nargs is translated to PyTuple_GET_SIZE.
 [clinic start generated code]*/
 
@@ -5002,7 +5002,7 @@ Test(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
 
 static PyObject *
 Test_impl(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=8b219f6633e2a2e9 input=26a672e2e9750120]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=8b219f6633e2a2e9 input=70ad829df3dd9b84]*/
 
 
 /*[clinic input]
@@ -5033,7 +5033,7 @@ Test___init__(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(a), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('a'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -5067,7 +5067,7 @@ Test___init__(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
 
 static int
 Test___init___impl(TestObj *self, PyObject *a)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=0b9ca79638ab3ecb input=a8f9222a6ab35c59]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=0e1239b9bc247bc1 input=a8f9222a6ab35c59]*/
 
 
 /*[clinic input]
@@ -5301,7 +5301,7 @@ mangled_c_keyword_identifier(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(i), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('i'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -5336,7 +5336,7 @@ mangled_c_keyword_identifier(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t
 
 static PyObject *
 mangled_c_keyword_identifier_impl(PyObject *module, int int_value)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=f24b37e0368e0eb8 input=060876448ab567a2]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=01a8088b57632916 input=060876448ab567a2]*/
 
 
 /*[clinic input]
@@ -5648,7 +5648,7 @@ docstr_fallback_to_converter_default(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(a), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('a'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -5682,7 +5682,7 @@ docstr_fallback_to_converter_default(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py
 
 static PyObject *
 docstr_fallback_to_converter_default_impl(PyObject *module, str a)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=ae24a9c6f60ee8a6 input=0cbe6a4d24bc2274]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=3fff7b702f0065cb input=0cbe6a4d24bc2274]*/
 
 
 /*[clinic input]
diff --git a/Lib/test/crashers/README b/Lib/test/crashers/README
index d844385113eb45..7111946b93b280 100644
--- a/Lib/test/crashers/README
+++ b/Lib/test/crashers/README
@@ -15,7 +15,3 @@ what the variables are.
 Once the crash is fixed, the test case should be moved into an appropriate test
 (even if it was originally from the test suite).  This ensures the regression
 doesn't happen again.  And if it does, it should be easier to track down.
-
-Also see Lib/test_crashers.py which exercises the crashers in this directory.
-In particular, make sure to add any new infinite loop crashers to the black
-list so it doesn't try to run them.
diff --git a/Lib/test/crashers/bogus_code_obj.py b/Lib/test/crashers/bogus_code_obj.py
index e71b3582cf2d76..b3ff07995c95ed 100644
--- a/Lib/test/crashers/bogus_code_obj.py
+++ b/Lib/test/crashers/bogus_code_obj.py
@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@
 
 """
 
-import types
+def f():
+    pass
 
-co = types.CodeType(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, b'\x04\x00\x71\x00',
-                    (), (), (), '', '', 1, b'')
-exec(co)
+f.__code__ = f.__code__.replace(co_code=b"")
+f()
diff --git a/Lib/test/datetimetester.py b/Lib/test/datetimetester.py
index 3759504b02e550..dbe25ef57dea83 100644
--- a/Lib/test/datetimetester.py
+++ b/Lib/test/datetimetester.py
@@ -1,7 +1,4 @@
-"""Test date/time type.
-
-See https://www.zope.dev/Members/fdrake/DateTimeWiki/TestCases
-"""
+"""Test the datetime module."""
 import bisect
 import copy
 import decimal
@@ -13,6 +10,7 @@
 import re
 import struct
 import sys
+import textwrap
 import unittest
 import warnings
 
@@ -22,7 +20,7 @@
 
 from test import support
 from test.support import is_resource_enabled, ALWAYS_EQ, LARGEST, SMALLEST
-from test.support import warnings_helper, no_rerun
+from test.support import script_helper, warnings_helper
 
 import datetime as datetime_module
 from datetime import MINYEAR, MAXYEAR
@@ -38,6 +36,10 @@
     import _testcapi
 except ImportError:
     _testcapi = None
+try:
+    import _interpreters
+except ModuleNotFoundError:
+    _interpreters = None
 
 # Needed by test_datetime
 import _strptime
@@ -1104,6 +1106,85 @@ def test_delta_non_days_ignored(self):
         dt2 = dt - delta
         self.assertEqual(dt2, dt - days)
 
+    def test_strptime(self):
+        inputs = [
+            # Basic valid cases
+            (date(1998, 2, 3), '1998-02-03', '%Y-%m-%d'),
+            (date(2004, 12, 2), '2004-12-02', '%Y-%m-%d'),
+
+            # Edge cases: Leap year
+            (date(2020, 2, 29), '2020-02-29', '%Y-%m-%d'),  # Valid leap year date
+
+            # bpo-34482: Handle surrogate pairs
+            (date(2004, 12, 2), '2004-12\ud80002', '%Y-%m\ud800%d'),
+            (date(2004, 12, 2), '2004\ud80012-02', '%Y\ud800%m-%d'),
+
+            # Month/day variations
+            (date(2004, 2, 1), '2004-02', '%Y-%m'),  # No day provided
+            (date(2004, 2, 1), '02-2004', '%m-%Y'),  # Month and year swapped
+
+            # Different day-month-year formats
+            (date(2004, 12, 2), '02/12/2004', '%d/%m/%Y'),  # Day/Month/Year
+            (date(2004, 12, 2), '12/02/2004', '%m/%d/%Y'),  # Month/Day/Year
+
+            # Different separators
+            (date(2023, 9, 24), '24.09.2023', '%d.%m.%Y'),  # Dots as separators
+            (date(2023, 9, 24), '24-09-2023', '%d-%m-%Y'),  # Dashes
+            (date(2023, 9, 24), '2023/09/24', '%Y/%m/%d'),  # Slashes
+
+            # Handling years with fewer digits
+            (date(127, 2, 3), '0127-02-03', '%Y-%m-%d'),
+            (date(99, 2, 3), '0099-02-03', '%Y-%m-%d'),
+            (date(5, 2, 3), '0005-02-03', '%Y-%m-%d'),
+
+            # Variations on ISO 8601 format
+            (date(2023, 9, 25), '2023-W39-1', '%G-W%V-%u'),  # ISO week date (Week 39, Monday)
+            (date(2023, 9, 25), '2023-268', '%Y-%j'),  # Year and day of the year (Julian)
+        ]
+        for expected, string, format in inputs:
+            with self.subTest(string=string, format=format):
+                got = date.strptime(string, format)
+                self.assertEqual(expected, got)
+                self.assertIs(type(got), date)
+
+    def test_strptime_single_digit(self):
+        # bpo-34903: Check that single digit dates are allowed.
+        strptime = date.strptime
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            # %y does require two digits.
+            newdate = strptime('01/02/3', '%d/%m/%y')
+
+        d1 = date(2003, 2, 1)
+        d2 = date(2003, 1, 2)
+        d3 = date(2003, 1, 25)
+        inputs = [
+            ('%d', '1/02/03',  '%d/%m/%y', d1),
+            ('%m', '01/2/03',  '%d/%m/%y', d1),
+            ('%j', '2/03',     '%j/%y',    d2),
+            ('%w', '6/04/03',  '%w/%U/%y', d1),
+            # %u requires a single digit.
+            ('%W', '6/4/2003', '%u/%W/%Y', d1),
+            ('%V', '6/4/2003', '%u/%V/%G', d3),
+        ]
+        for reason, string, format, target in inputs:
+            reason = 'test single digit ' + reason
+            with self.subTest(reason=reason,
+                              string=string,
+                              format=format,
+                              target=target):
+                newdate = strptime(string, format)
+                self.assertEqual(newdate, target, msg=reason)
+
+    @warnings_helper.ignore_warnings(category=DeprecationWarning)
+    def test_strptime_leap_year(self):
+        # GH-70647: warns if parsing a format with a day and no year.
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            # The existing behavior that GH-70647 seeks to change.
+            date.strptime('02-29', '%m-%d')
+        with self._assertNotWarns(DeprecationWarning):
+            date.strptime('20-03-14', '%y-%m-%d')
+            date.strptime('02-29,2024', '%m-%d,%Y')
+
 class SubclassDate(date):
     sub_var = 1
 
@@ -1336,6 +1417,11 @@ def test_insane_fromtimestamp(self):
             self.assertRaises(OverflowError, self.theclass.fromtimestamp,
                               insane)
 
+    def test_fromtimestamp_with_none_arg(self):
+        # See gh-120268 for more details
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            self.theclass.fromtimestamp(None)
+
     def test_today(self):
         import time
 
@@ -1687,18 +1773,35 @@ def test_bool(self):
         self.assertTrue(self.theclass.max)
 
     def test_strftime_y2k(self):
-        for y in (1, 49, 70, 99, 100, 999, 1000, 1970):
-            d = self.theclass(y, 1, 1)
-            # Issue 13305:  For years < 1000, the value is not always
-            # padded to 4 digits across platforms.  The C standard
-            # assumes year >= 1900, so it does not specify the number
-            # of digits.
-            if d.strftime("%Y") != '%04d' % y:
-                # Year 42 returns '42', not padded
-                self.assertEqual(d.strftime("%Y"), '%d' % y)
-                # '0042' is obtained anyway
-                if support.has_strftime_extensions:
-                    self.assertEqual(d.strftime("%4Y"), '%04d' % y)
+        # Test that years less than 1000 are 0-padded; note that the beginning
+        # of an ISO 8601 year may fall in an ISO week of the year before, and
+        # therefore needs an offset of -1 when formatting with '%G'.
+        dataset = (
+            (1, 0),
+            (49, -1),
+            (70, 0),
+            (99, 0),
+            (100, -1),
+            (999, 0),
+            (1000, 0),
+            (1970, 0),
+        )
+        specifiers = 'YG'
+        if _time.strftime('%F', (1900, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0)) == '1900-01-01':
+            specifiers += 'FC'
+        for year, g_offset in dataset:
+            for specifier in specifiers:
+                with self.subTest(year=year, specifier=specifier):
+                    d = self.theclass(year, 1, 1)
+                    if specifier == 'G':
+                        year += g_offset
+                    if specifier == 'C':
+                        expected = f"{year // 100:02d}"
+                    else:
+                        expected = f"{year:04d}"
+                        if specifier == 'F':
+                            expected += f"-01-01"
+                    self.assertEqual(d.strftime(f"%{specifier}"), expected)
 
     def test_replace(self):
         cls = self.theclass
@@ -2708,7 +2811,8 @@ def test_utcnow(self):
     def test_strptime(self):
         string = '2004-12-01 13:02:47.197'
         format = '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f'
-        expected = _strptime._strptime_datetime(self.theclass, string, format)
+        expected = _strptime._strptime_datetime_datetime(self.theclass, string,
+                                                         format)
         got = self.theclass.strptime(string, format)
         self.assertEqual(expected, got)
         self.assertIs(type(expected), self.theclass)
@@ -2722,8 +2826,8 @@ def test_strptime(self):
         ]
         for string, format in inputs:
             with self.subTest(string=string, format=format):
-                expected = _strptime._strptime_datetime(self.theclass, string,
-                                                        format)
+                expected = _strptime._strptime_datetime_datetime(self.theclass,
+                                                                 string, format)
                 got = self.theclass.strptime(string, format)
                 self.assertEqual(expected, got)
 
@@ -2845,11 +2949,32 @@ def test_more_strftime(self):
             self.assertEqual(t.strftime("%z"), "-0200" + z)
             self.assertEqual(t.strftime("%:z"), "-02:00:" + z)
 
-        # bpo-34482: Check that surrogates don't cause a crash.
-        try:
-            t.strftime('%y\ud800%m %H\ud800%M')
-        except UnicodeEncodeError:
-            pass
+    def test_strftime_special(self):
+        t = self.theclass(2004, 12, 31, 6, 22, 33, 47)
+        s1 = t.strftime('%c')
+        s2 = t.strftime('%B')
+        # gh-52551, gh-78662: Unicode strings should pass through strftime,
+        # independently from locale.
+        self.assertEqual(t.strftime('\U0001f40d'), '\U0001f40d')
+        self.assertEqual(t.strftime('\U0001f4bb%c\U0001f40d%B'), f'\U0001f4bb{s1}\U0001f40d{s2}')
+        self.assertEqual(t.strftime('%c\U0001f4bb%B\U0001f40d'), f'{s1}\U0001f4bb{s2}\U0001f40d')
+        # Lone surrogates should pass through.
+        self.assertEqual(t.strftime('\ud83d'), '\ud83d')
+        self.assertEqual(t.strftime('\udc0d'), '\udc0d')
+        self.assertEqual(t.strftime('\ud83d%c\udc0d%B'), f'\ud83d{s1}\udc0d{s2}')
+        self.assertEqual(t.strftime('%c\ud83d%B\udc0d'), f'{s1}\ud83d{s2}\udc0d')
+        self.assertEqual(t.strftime('%c\udc0d%B\ud83d'), f'{s1}\udc0d{s2}\ud83d')
+        # Surrogate pairs should not recombine.
+        self.assertEqual(t.strftime('\ud83d\udc0d'), '\ud83d\udc0d')
+        self.assertEqual(t.strftime('%c\ud83d\udc0d%B'), f'{s1}\ud83d\udc0d{s2}')
+        # Surrogate-escaped bytes should not recombine.
+        self.assertEqual(t.strftime('\udcf0\udc9f\udc90\udc8d'), '\udcf0\udc9f\udc90\udc8d')
+        self.assertEqual(t.strftime('%c\udcf0\udc9f\udc90\udc8d%B'), f'{s1}\udcf0\udc9f\udc90\udc8d{s2}')
+        # gh-124531: The null character should not terminate the format string.
+        self.assertEqual(t.strftime('\0'), '\0')
+        self.assertEqual(t.strftime('\0'*1000), '\0'*1000)
+        self.assertEqual(t.strftime('\0%c\0%B'), f'\0{s1}\0{s2}')
+        self.assertEqual(t.strftime('%c\0%B\0'), f'{s1}\0{s2}\0')
 
     def test_extract(self):
         dt = self.theclass(2002, 3, 4, 18, 45, 3, 1234)
@@ -3318,6 +3443,9 @@ def test_fromisoformat_datetime_examples(self):
             ('2025-01-02T03:04:05,678+00:00:10',
              self.theclass(2025, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 678000,
                            tzinfo=timezone(timedelta(seconds=10)))),
+            ('2025-01-02T24:00:00', self.theclass(2025, 1, 3, 0, 0, 0)),
+            ('2025-01-31T24:00:00', self.theclass(2025, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0)),
+            ('2025-12-31T24:00:00', self.theclass(2026, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0))
         ]
 
         for input_str, expected in examples:
@@ -3349,11 +3477,17 @@ def test_fromisoformat_fails_datetime(self):
             '2009-04-19T12:',               # Ends with time separator
             '2009-04-19T12:30:',            # Ends with time separator
             '2009-04-19T12:30:45.',         # Ends with time separator
-            '2009-04-19T12:30:45.123456+',  # Ends with timzone separator
-            '2009-04-19T12:30:45.123456-',  # Ends with timzone separator
+            '2009-04-19T12:30:45.123456+',  # Ends with timezone separator
+            '2009-04-19T12:30:45.123456-',  # Ends with timezone separator
             '2009-04-19T12:30:45.123456-05:00a',    # Extra text
             '2009-04-19T12:30:45.123-05:00a',       # Extra text
             '2009-04-19T12:30:45-05:00a',           # Extra text
+            '2009-04-19T24:00:00.000001',  # Has non-zero microseconds on 24:00
+            '2009-04-19T24:00:01.000000',  # Has non-zero seconds on 24:00
+            '2009-04-19T24:01:00.000000',  # Has non-zero minutes on 24:00
+            '2009-04-32T24:00:00.000000',  # Day is invalid before wrapping due to 24:00
+            '2009-13-01T24:00:00.000000',  # Month is invalid before wrapping due to 24:00
+            '9999-12-31T24:00:00.000000',  # Year is invalid after wrapping due to 24:00
         ]
 
         for bad_str in bad_strs:
@@ -3623,6 +3757,33 @@ def test_strftime(self):
         # gh-85432: The parameter was named "fmt" in the pure-Python impl.
         t.strftime(format="%f")
 
+    def test_strftime_special(self):
+        t = self.theclass(1, 2, 3, 4)
+        s1 = t.strftime('%I%p%Z')
+        s2 = t.strftime('%X')
+        # gh-52551, gh-78662: Unicode strings should pass through strftime,
+        # independently from locale.
+        self.assertEqual(t.strftime('\U0001f40d'), '\U0001f40d')
+        self.assertEqual(t.strftime('\U0001f4bb%I%p%Z\U0001f40d%X'), f'\U0001f4bb{s1}\U0001f40d{s2}')
+        self.assertEqual(t.strftime('%I%p%Z\U0001f4bb%X\U0001f40d'), f'{s1}\U0001f4bb{s2}\U0001f40d')
+        # Lone surrogates should pass through.
+        self.assertEqual(t.strftime('\ud83d'), '\ud83d')
+        self.assertEqual(t.strftime('\udc0d'), '\udc0d')
+        self.assertEqual(t.strftime('\ud83d%I%p%Z\udc0d%X'), f'\ud83d{s1}\udc0d{s2}')
+        self.assertEqual(t.strftime('%I%p%Z\ud83d%X\udc0d'), f'{s1}\ud83d{s2}\udc0d')
+        self.assertEqual(t.strftime('%I%p%Z\udc0d%X\ud83d'), f'{s1}\udc0d{s2}\ud83d')
+        # Surrogate pairs should not recombine.
+        self.assertEqual(t.strftime('\ud83d\udc0d'), '\ud83d\udc0d')
+        self.assertEqual(t.strftime('%I%p%Z\ud83d\udc0d%X'), f'{s1}\ud83d\udc0d{s2}')
+        # Surrogate-escaped bytes should not recombine.
+        self.assertEqual(t.strftime('\udcf0\udc9f\udc90\udc8d'), '\udcf0\udc9f\udc90\udc8d')
+        self.assertEqual(t.strftime('%I%p%Z\udcf0\udc9f\udc90\udc8d%X'), f'{s1}\udcf0\udc9f\udc90\udc8d{s2}')
+        # gh-124531: The null character should not terminate the format string.
+        self.assertEqual(t.strftime('\0'), '\0')
+        self.assertEqual(t.strftime('\0'*1000), '\0'*1000)
+        self.assertEqual(t.strftime('\0%I%p%Z\0%X'), f'\0{s1}\0{s2}')
+        self.assertEqual(t.strftime('%I%p%Z\0%X\0'), f'{s1}\0{s2}\0')
+
     def test_format(self):
         t = self.theclass(1, 2, 3, 4)
         self.assertEqual(t.__format__(''), str(t))
@@ -3716,6 +3877,78 @@ def test_compat_unpickle(self):
                     derived = loads(data, encoding='latin1')
                     self.assertEqual(derived, expected)
 
+    def test_strptime(self):
+        # bpo-34482: Check that surrogates are handled properly.
+        inputs = [
+            (self.theclass(13, 2, 47, 197000), '13:02:47.197', '%H:%M:%S.%f'),
+            (self.theclass(13, 2, 47, 197000), '13:02\ud80047.197', '%H:%M\ud800%S.%f'),
+            (self.theclass(13, 2, 47, 197000), '13\ud80002:47.197', '%H\ud800%M:%S.%f'),
+        ]
+        for expected, string, format in inputs:
+            with self.subTest(string=string, format=format):
+                got = self.theclass.strptime(string, format)
+                self.assertEqual(expected, got)
+                self.assertIs(type(got), self.theclass)
+
+    def test_strptime_tz(self):
+        strptime = self.theclass.strptime
+        self.assertEqual(strptime("+0002", "%z").utcoffset(), 2 * MINUTE)
+        self.assertEqual(strptime("-0002", "%z").utcoffset(), -2 * MINUTE)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            strptime("-00:02:01.000003", "%z").utcoffset(),
+            -timedelta(minutes=2, seconds=1, microseconds=3)
+        )
+        # Only local timezone and UTC are supported
+        for tzseconds, tzname in ((0, 'UTC'), (0, 'GMT'),
+                                 (-_time.timezone, _time.tzname[0])):
+            if tzseconds < 0:
+                sign = '-'
+                seconds = -tzseconds
+            else:
+                sign ='+'
+                seconds = tzseconds
+            hours, minutes = divmod(seconds//60, 60)
+            tstr = "{}{:02d}{:02d} {}".format(sign, hours, minutes, tzname)
+            with self.subTest(tstr=tstr):
+                t = strptime(tstr, "%z %Z")
+                self.assertEqual(t.utcoffset(), timedelta(seconds=tzseconds))
+                self.assertEqual(t.tzname(), tzname)
+                self.assertIs(type(t), self.theclass)
+
+        # Can produce inconsistent time
+        tstr, fmt = "+1234 UTC", "%z %Z"
+        t = strptime(tstr, fmt)
+        self.assertEqual(t.utcoffset(), 12 * HOUR + 34 * MINUTE)
+        self.assertEqual(t.tzname(), 'UTC')
+        # yet will roundtrip
+        self.assertEqual(t.strftime(fmt), tstr)
+
+        # Produce naive time if no %z is provided
+        self.assertEqual(strptime("UTC", "%Z").tzinfo, None)
+
+    def test_strptime_errors(self):
+        for tzstr in ("-2400", "-000", "z"):
+            with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+                self.theclass.strptime(tzstr, "%z")
+
+    def test_strptime_single_digit(self):
+        # bpo-34903: Check that single digit times are allowed.
+        t = self.theclass(4, 5, 6)
+        inputs = [
+            ('%H', '4:05:06',   '%H:%M:%S',   t),
+            ('%M', '04:5:06',   '%H:%M:%S',   t),
+            ('%S', '04:05:6',   '%H:%M:%S',   t),
+            ('%I', '4am:05:06', '%I%p:%M:%S', t),
+        ]
+        for reason, string, format, target in inputs:
+            reason = 'test single digit ' + reason
+            with self.subTest(reason=reason,
+                              string=string,
+                              format=format,
+                              target=target):
+                newdate = self.theclass.strptime(string, format)
+                self.assertEqual(newdate, target, msg=reason)
+
     def test_bool(self):
         # time is always True.
         cls = self.theclass
@@ -4074,9 +4307,8 @@ def tzname(self, dt): return self.tz
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, t.strftime, "%Z")
 
         # Issue #6697:
-        if '_Fast' in self.__class__.__name__:
-            Badtzname.tz = '\ud800'
-            self.assertRaises(ValueError, t.strftime, "%Z")
+        Badtzname.tz = '\ud800'
+        self.assertEqual(t.strftime("%Z"), '\ud800')
 
     def test_hash_edge_cases(self):
         # Offsets that overflow a basic time.
@@ -4288,7 +4520,7 @@ def test_fromisoformat_timezone(self):
 
             with self.subTest(tstr=tstr):
                 t_rt = self.theclass.fromisoformat(tstr)
-                assert t == t_rt, t_rt
+                assert t == t_rt
 
     def test_fromisoformat_timespecs(self):
         time_bases = [
@@ -6385,7 +6617,6 @@ class IranTest(ZoneInfoTest):
 
 
 @unittest.skipIf(_testcapi is None, 'need _testcapi module')
-@no_rerun("the encapsulated datetime C API does not support reloading")
 class CapiTest(unittest.TestCase):
     def setUp(self):
         # Since the C API is not present in the _Pure tests, skip all tests
@@ -6776,6 +7007,123 @@ def test_datetime_from_timestamp(self):
 
                     self.assertEqual(dt_orig, dt_rt)
 
+    def test_type_check_in_subinterp(self):
+        # iOS requires the use of the custom framework loader,
+        # not the ExtensionFileLoader.
+        if sys.platform == "ios":
+            extension_loader = "AppleFrameworkLoader"
+        else:
+            extension_loader = "ExtensionFileLoader"
+
+        script = textwrap.dedent(f"""
+            if {_interpreters is None}:
+                import _testcapi as module
+                module.test_datetime_capi()
+            else:
+                import importlib.machinery
+                import importlib.util
+                fullname = '_testcapi_datetime'
+                origin = importlib.util.find_spec('_testcapi').origin
+                loader = importlib.machinery.{extension_loader}(fullname, origin)
+                spec = importlib.util.spec_from_loader(fullname, loader)
+                module = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec)
+                spec.loader.exec_module(module)
+
+            def run(type_checker, obj):
+                if not type_checker(obj, True):
+                    raise TypeError(f'{{type(obj)}} is not C API type')
+
+            import _datetime
+            run(module.datetime_check_date,     _datetime.date.today())
+            run(module.datetime_check_datetime, _datetime.datetime.now())
+            run(module.datetime_check_time,     _datetime.time(12, 30))
+            run(module.datetime_check_delta,    _datetime.timedelta(1))
+            run(module.datetime_check_tzinfo,   _datetime.tzinfo())
+        """)
+        if _interpreters is None:
+            ret = support.run_in_subinterp(script)
+            self.assertEqual(ret, 0)
+        else:
+            for name in ('isolated', 'legacy'):
+                with self.subTest(name):
+                    config = _interpreters.new_config(name).__dict__
+                    ret = support.run_in_subinterp_with_config(script, **config)
+                    self.assertEqual(ret, 0)
+
+
+class ExtensionModuleTests(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        if self.__class__.__name__.endswith('Pure'):
+            self.skipTest('Not relevant in pure Python')
+
+    @support.cpython_only
+    def test_gh_120161(self):
+        with self.subTest('simple'):
+            script = textwrap.dedent("""
+                import datetime
+                from _ast import Tuple
+                f = lambda: None
+                Tuple.dims = property(f, f)
+
+                class tzutc(datetime.tzinfo):
+                    pass
+                """)
+            script_helper.assert_python_ok('-c', script)
+
+        with self.subTest('complex'):
+            script = textwrap.dedent("""
+                import asyncio
+                import datetime
+                from typing import Type
+
+                class tzutc(datetime.tzinfo):
+                    pass
+                _EPOCHTZ = datetime.datetime(1970, 1, 1, tzinfo=tzutc())
+
+                class FakeDateMeta(type):
+                    def __instancecheck__(self, obj):
+                        return True
+                class FakeDate(datetime.date, metaclass=FakeDateMeta):
+                    pass
+                def pickle_fake_date(datetime_) -> Type[FakeDate]:
+                    # A pickle function for FakeDate
+                    return FakeDate
+                """)
+            script_helper.assert_python_ok('-c', script)
+
+    def test_update_type_cache(self):
+        # gh-120782
+        script = textwrap.dedent("""
+            import sys
+            for i in range(5):
+                import _datetime
+                assert _datetime.date.max > _datetime.date.min
+                assert _datetime.time.max > _datetime.time.min
+                assert _datetime.datetime.max > _datetime.datetime.min
+                assert _datetime.timedelta.max > _datetime.timedelta.min
+                assert _datetime.date.__dict__["min"] is _datetime.date.min
+                assert _datetime.date.__dict__["max"] is _datetime.date.max
+                assert _datetime.date.__dict__["resolution"] is _datetime.date.resolution
+                assert _datetime.time.__dict__["min"] is _datetime.time.min
+                assert _datetime.time.__dict__["max"] is _datetime.time.max
+                assert _datetime.time.__dict__["resolution"] is _datetime.time.resolution
+                assert _datetime.datetime.__dict__["min"] is _datetime.datetime.min
+                assert _datetime.datetime.__dict__["max"] is _datetime.datetime.max
+                assert _datetime.datetime.__dict__["resolution"] is _datetime.datetime.resolution
+                assert _datetime.timedelta.__dict__["min"] is _datetime.timedelta.min
+                assert _datetime.timedelta.__dict__["max"] is _datetime.timedelta.max
+                assert _datetime.timedelta.__dict__["resolution"] is _datetime.timedelta.resolution
+                assert _datetime.timezone.__dict__["min"] is _datetime.timezone.min
+                assert _datetime.timezone.__dict__["max"] is _datetime.timezone.max
+                assert _datetime.timezone.__dict__["utc"] is _datetime.timezone.utc
+                assert isinstance(_datetime.timezone.min, _datetime.tzinfo)
+                assert isinstance(_datetime.timezone.max, _datetime.tzinfo)
+                assert isinstance(_datetime.timezone.utc, _datetime.tzinfo)
+                del sys.modules['_datetime']
+            """)
+        script_helper.assert_python_ok('-c', script)
+
 
 def load_tests(loader, standard_tests, pattern):
     standard_tests.addTest(ZoneInfoCompleteTest())
diff --git a/Lib/test/decimaltestdata/ddFMA.decTest b/Lib/test/decimaltestdata/ddFMA.decTest
index 9094fc015bde18..7f2e52303747f8 100644
--- a/Lib/test/decimaltestdata/ddFMA.decTest
+++ b/Lib/test/decimaltestdata/ddFMA.decTest
@@ -1663,7 +1663,7 @@ ddfma375087 fma  1  12345678 1E-33                   -> 12345678.00000001 Inexac
 ddfma375088 fma  1  12345678 1E-34                   -> 12345678.00000001 Inexact Rounded
 ddfma375089 fma  1  12345678 1E-35                   -> 12345678.00000001 Inexact Rounded
 
--- desctructive subtraction (from remainder tests)
+-- destructive subtraction (from remainder tests)
 
 -- +++ some of these will be off-by-one remainder vs remainderNear
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/decimaltestdata/ddQuantize.decTest b/Lib/test/decimaltestdata/ddQuantize.decTest
index 91776201694dd6..e1c5674d9ac042 100644
--- a/Lib/test/decimaltestdata/ddQuantize.decTest
+++ b/Lib/test/decimaltestdata/ddQuantize.decTest
@@ -462,7 +462,7 @@ ddqua520 quantize   1.234    1e359 -> 0E+359 Inexact Rounded
 ddqua521 quantize 123.456    1e359 -> 0E+359 Inexact Rounded
 ddqua522 quantize   1.234    1e359 -> 0E+359 Inexact Rounded
 ddqua523 quantize 123.456    1e359 -> 0E+359 Inexact Rounded
--- next four are "won't fit" overfl
+-- next four are "won't fit" overflow
 ddqua526 quantize   1.234   1e-299 -> NaN Invalid_operation
 ddqua527 quantize 123.456   1e-299 -> NaN Invalid_operation
 ddqua528 quantize   1.234   1e-299 -> NaN Invalid_operation
diff --git a/Lib/test/decimaltestdata/ddRemainder.decTest b/Lib/test/decimaltestdata/ddRemainder.decTest
index 5bd1e32d01ef03..b1866d39a2868c 100644
--- a/Lib/test/decimaltestdata/ddRemainder.decTest
+++ b/Lib/test/decimaltestdata/ddRemainder.decTest
@@ -422,7 +422,7 @@ ddrem757 remainder  1    sNaN   ->  NaN  Invalid_operation
 ddrem758 remainder  1000 sNaN   ->  NaN  Invalid_operation
 ddrem759 remainder  Inf -sNaN   -> -NaN  Invalid_operation
 
--- propaging NaNs
+-- propagating NaNs
 ddrem760 remainder  NaN1   NaN7   ->  NaN1
 ddrem761 remainder sNaN2   NaN8   ->  NaN2 Invalid_operation
 ddrem762 remainder  NaN3  sNaN9   ->  NaN9 Invalid_operation
diff --git a/Lib/test/decimaltestdata/ddRemainderNear.decTest b/Lib/test/decimaltestdata/ddRemainderNear.decTest
index 6ba64ebafe9a18..bbe82ea3747d16 100644
--- a/Lib/test/decimaltestdata/ddRemainderNear.decTest
+++ b/Lib/test/decimaltestdata/ddRemainderNear.decTest
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ ddrmn757 remaindernear  1    sNaN   ->  NaN  Invalid_operation
 ddrmn758 remaindernear  1000 sNaN   ->  NaN  Invalid_operation
 ddrmn759 remaindernear  Inf -sNaN   -> -NaN  Invalid_operation
 
--- propaging NaNs
+-- propagating NaNs
 ddrmn760 remaindernear  NaN1   NaN7   ->  NaN1
 ddrmn761 remaindernear sNaN2   NaN8   ->  NaN2 Invalid_operation
 ddrmn762 remaindernear  NaN3  sNaN9   ->  NaN9 Invalid_operation
diff --git a/Lib/test/decimaltestdata/dqRemainder.decTest b/Lib/test/decimaltestdata/dqRemainder.decTest
index bae8eae5269d43..e0aaca3747e229 100644
--- a/Lib/test/decimaltestdata/dqRemainder.decTest
+++ b/Lib/test/decimaltestdata/dqRemainder.decTest
@@ -418,7 +418,7 @@ dqrem757 remainder  1    sNaN   ->  NaN  Invalid_operation
 dqrem758 remainder  1000 sNaN   ->  NaN  Invalid_operation
 dqrem759 remainder  Inf -sNaN   -> -NaN  Invalid_operation
 
--- propaging NaNs
+-- propagating NaNs
 dqrem760 remainder  NaN1   NaN7   ->  NaN1
 dqrem761 remainder sNaN2   NaN8   ->  NaN2 Invalid_operation
 dqrem762 remainder  NaN3  sNaN9   ->  NaN9 Invalid_operation
diff --git a/Lib/test/decimaltestdata/dqRemainderNear.decTest b/Lib/test/decimaltestdata/dqRemainderNear.decTest
index b850626fe4e04d..2c5c3f5074ea23 100644
--- a/Lib/test/decimaltestdata/dqRemainderNear.decTest
+++ b/Lib/test/decimaltestdata/dqRemainderNear.decTest
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ dqrmn757 remaindernear  1    sNaN   ->  NaN  Invalid_operation
 dqrmn758 remaindernear  1000 sNaN   ->  NaN  Invalid_operation
 dqrmn759 remaindernear  Inf -sNaN   -> -NaN  Invalid_operation
 
--- propaging NaNs
+-- propagating NaNs
 dqrmn760 remaindernear  NaN1   NaN7   ->  NaN1
 dqrmn761 remaindernear sNaN2   NaN8   ->  NaN2 Invalid_operation
 dqrmn762 remaindernear  NaN3  sNaN9   ->  NaN9 Invalid_operation
diff --git a/Lib/test/decimaltestdata/exp.decTest b/Lib/test/decimaltestdata/exp.decTest
index 6a7af23b625530..e01d7a8f92db1f 100644
--- a/Lib/test/decimaltestdata/exp.decTest
+++ b/Lib/test/decimaltestdata/exp.decTest
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ rounding:    half_even
 maxExponent: 384
 minexponent: -383
 
--- basics (examples in specificiation, etc.)
+-- basics (examples in specification, etc.)
 expx001 exp  -Infinity     -> 0
 expx002 exp  -10           -> 0.0000453999298 Inexact Rounded
 expx003 exp  -1            -> 0.367879441 Inexact Rounded
diff --git a/Lib/test/decimaltestdata/remainder.decTest b/Lib/test/decimaltestdata/remainder.decTest
index 7a1061b1e6f0f8..4f59b332877afe 100644
--- a/Lib/test/decimaltestdata/remainder.decTest
+++ b/Lib/test/decimaltestdata/remainder.decTest
@@ -435,7 +435,7 @@ remx757 remainder  1    sNaN   ->  NaN  Invalid_operation
 remx758 remainder  1000 sNaN   ->  NaN  Invalid_operation
 remx759 remainder  Inf -sNaN   -> -NaN  Invalid_operation
 
--- propaging NaNs
+-- propagating NaNs
 remx760 remainder  NaN1   NaN7   ->  NaN1
 remx761 remainder sNaN2   NaN8   ->  NaN2 Invalid_operation
 remx762 remainder  NaN3  sNaN9   ->  NaN9 Invalid_operation
diff --git a/Lib/test/decimaltestdata/remainderNear.decTest b/Lib/test/decimaltestdata/remainderNear.decTest
index b768b9e0cf6370..000b1424d8ab48 100644
--- a/Lib/test/decimaltestdata/remainderNear.decTest
+++ b/Lib/test/decimaltestdata/remainderNear.decTest
@@ -498,7 +498,7 @@ rmnx758 remaindernear  1000 sNaN   ->  NaN  Invalid_operation
 rmnx759 remaindernear  Inf  sNaN   ->  NaN  Invalid_operation
 rmnx760 remaindernear  NaN  sNaN   ->  NaN  Invalid_operation
 
--- propaging NaNs
+-- propagating NaNs
 rmnx761 remaindernear  NaN1   NaN7   ->  NaN1
 rmnx762 remaindernear sNaN2   NaN8   ->  NaN2 Invalid_operation
 rmnx763 remaindernear  NaN3 -sNaN9   -> -NaN9 Invalid_operation
diff --git a/Lib/test/exception_hierarchy.txt b/Lib/test/exception_hierarchy.txt
index 65f54859e2a21d..f2649aa2d41fef 100644
--- a/Lib/test/exception_hierarchy.txt
+++ b/Lib/test/exception_hierarchy.txt
@@ -45,7 +45,6 @@ BaseException
       ├── StopAsyncIteration
       ├── StopIteration
       ├── SyntaxError
-      │    └── IncompleteInputError
       │    └── IndentationError
       │         └── TabError
       ├── SystemError
diff --git a/Lib/test/libregrtest/cmdline.py b/Lib/test/libregrtest/cmdline.py
index 2ff4715e82a41b..8bef04cba81138 100644
--- a/Lib/test/libregrtest/cmdline.py
+++ b/Lib/test/libregrtest/cmdline.py
@@ -428,9 +428,7 @@ def _parse_args(args, **kwargs):
     # Continuous Integration (CI): common options for fast/slow CI modes
     if ns.slow_ci or ns.fast_ci:
         # Similar to options:
-        #
-        #     -j0 --randomize --fail-env-changed --fail-rerun --rerun
-        #     --slowest --verbose3
+        #   -j0 --randomize --fail-env-changed --rerun --slowest --verbose3
         if ns.use_mp is None:
             ns.use_mp = 0
         ns.randomize = True
diff --git a/Lib/test/libregrtest/logger.py b/Lib/test/libregrtest/logger.py
index a125706927393c..fa1d4d575c8fd4 100644
--- a/Lib/test/libregrtest/logger.py
+++ b/Lib/test/libregrtest/logger.py
@@ -43,7 +43,10 @@ def log(self, line: str = '') -> None:
 
     def get_load_avg(self) -> float | None:
         if hasattr(os, 'getloadavg'):
-            return os.getloadavg()[0]
+            try:
+                return os.getloadavg()[0]
+            except OSError:
+                pass
         if self.win_load_tracker is not None:
             return self.win_load_tracker.getloadavg()
         return None
diff --git a/Lib/test/libregrtest/main.py b/Lib/test/libregrtest/main.py
index 5148d3070513e8..11ebb09fbb4745 100644
--- a/Lib/test/libregrtest/main.py
+++ b/Lib/test/libregrtest/main.py
@@ -7,8 +7,7 @@
 import time
 import trace
 
-from test.support import (os_helper, MS_WINDOWS, flush_std_streams,
-                          suppress_immortalization)
+from test.support import os_helper, MS_WINDOWS, flush_std_streams
 
 from .cmdline import _parse_args, Namespace
 from .findtests import findtests, split_test_packages, list_cases
@@ -523,7 +522,7 @@ def _run_tests(self, selected: TestTuple, tests: TestList | None) -> int:
         setup_process()
 
         if (runtests.hunt_refleak is not None) and (not self.num_workers):
-            # gh-109739: WindowsLoadTracker thread interfers with refleak check
+            # gh-109739: WindowsLoadTracker thread interferes with refleak check
             use_load_tracker = False
         else:
             # WindowsLoadTracker is only needed on Windows
@@ -535,10 +534,7 @@ def _run_tests(self, selected: TestTuple, tests: TestList | None) -> int:
             if self.num_workers:
                 self._run_tests_mp(runtests, self.num_workers)
             else:
-                # gh-117783: don't immortalize deferred objects when tracking
-                # refleaks. Only releveant for the free-threaded build.
-                with suppress_immortalization(runtests.hunt_refleak):
-                    self.run_tests_sequentially(runtests)
+                self.run_tests_sequentially(runtests)
 
             coverage = self.results.get_coverage_results()
             self.display_result(runtests)
@@ -594,6 +590,7 @@ def _add_cross_compile_opts(self, regrtest_opts):
                 '_PYTHON_PROJECT_BASE',
                 '_PYTHON_HOST_PLATFORM',
                 '_PYTHON_SYSCONFIGDATA_NAME',
+                "_PYTHON_SYSCONFIGDATA_PATH",
                 'PYTHONPATH'
             }
             old_environ = os.environ
diff --git a/Lib/test/libregrtest/refleak.py b/Lib/test/libregrtest/refleak.py
index 85a5cb72083264..fa447a4336a399 100644
--- a/Lib/test/libregrtest/refleak.py
+++ b/Lib/test/libregrtest/refleak.py
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ def get_pooled_int(value):
     getunicodeinternedsize = sys.getunicodeinternedsize
     fd_count = os_helper.fd_count
     # initialize variables to make pyflakes quiet
-    rc_before = alloc_before = fd_before = interned_before = 0
+    rc_before = alloc_before = fd_before = interned_immortal_before = 0
 
     if not quiet:
         print("beginning", repcount, "repetitions. Showing number of leaks "
@@ -141,9 +141,11 @@ def get_pooled_int(value):
         # Also, readjust the reference counts and alloc blocks by ignoring
         # any strings that might have been interned during test_func. These
         # strings will be deallocated at runtime shutdown
-        interned_after = getunicodeinternedsize()
-        alloc_after = getallocatedblocks() - interned_after
-        rc_after = gettotalrefcount() - interned_after * 2
+        interned_immortal_after = getunicodeinternedsize(
+            # Use an internal-only keyword argument that mypy doesn't know yet
+            _only_immortal=True)  # type: ignore[call-arg]
+        alloc_after = getallocatedblocks() - interned_immortal_after
+        rc_after = gettotalrefcount()
         fd_after = fd_count()
 
         rc_deltas[i] = get_pooled_int(rc_after - rc_before)
@@ -170,7 +172,7 @@ def get_pooled_int(value):
         alloc_before = alloc_after
         rc_before = rc_after
         fd_before = fd_after
-        interned_before = interned_after
+        interned_immortal_before = interned_immortal_after
 
         restore_support_xml(xml_filename)
 
@@ -244,9 +246,13 @@ def dash_R_cleanup(fs, ps, pic, zdc, abcs):
     abs_classes = filter(isabstract, abs_classes)
     for abc in abs_classes:
         for obj in abc.__subclasses__() + [abc]:
-            for ref in abcs.get(obj, set()):
-                if ref() is not None:
-                    obj.register(ref())
+            refs = abcs.get(obj, None)
+            if refs is not None:
+                obj._abc_registry_clear()
+                for ref in refs:
+                    subclass = ref()
+                    if subclass is not None:
+                        obj.register(subclass)
             obj._abc_caches_clear()
 
     # Clear caches
diff --git a/Lib/test/libregrtest/run_workers.py b/Lib/test/libregrtest/run_workers.py
index a71050e66db3bd..387ddf9614cf79 100644
--- a/Lib/test/libregrtest/run_workers.py
+++ b/Lib/test/libregrtest/run_workers.py
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 from .single import PROGRESS_MIN_TIME
 from .utils import (
     StrPath, TestName,
-    format_duration, print_warning, count, plural, get_signal_name)
+    format_duration, print_warning, count, plural)
 from .worker import create_worker_process, USE_PROCESS_GROUP
 
 if MS_WINDOWS:
@@ -366,7 +366,7 @@ def _runtest(self, test_name: TestName) -> MultiprocessResult:
                                   err_msg=None,
                                   state=State.TIMEOUT)
             if retcode != 0:
-                name = get_signal_name(retcode)
+                name = support.get_signal_name(retcode)
                 if name:
                     retcode = f"{retcode} ({name})"
                 raise WorkerError(self.test_name, f"Exit code {retcode}", stdout,
diff --git a/Lib/test/libregrtest/single.py b/Lib/test/libregrtest/single.py
index adc8f1f455579f..17323e7f9cf730 100644
--- a/Lib/test/libregrtest/single.py
+++ b/Lib/test/libregrtest/single.py
@@ -304,10 +304,7 @@ def run_single_test(test_name: TestName, runtests: RunTests) -> TestResult:
     result = TestResult(test_name)
     pgo = runtests.pgo
     try:
-        # gh-117783: don't immortalize deferred objects when tracking
-        # refleaks. Only releveant for the free-threaded build.
-        with support.suppress_immortalization(runtests.hunt_refleak):
-            _runtest(result, runtests)
+        _runtest(result, runtests)
     except:
         if not pgo:
             msg = traceback.format_exc()
diff --git a/Lib/test/libregrtest/testresult.py b/Lib/test/libregrtest/testresult.py
index de23fdd59ded95..1820f354572521 100644
--- a/Lib/test/libregrtest/testresult.py
+++ b/Lib/test/libregrtest/testresult.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 import traceback
 import unittest
 from test import support
+from test.libregrtest.utils import sanitize_xml
 
 class RegressionTestResult(unittest.TextTestResult):
     USE_XML = False
@@ -65,23 +66,24 @@ def _add_result(self, test, capture=False, **args):
         if capture:
             if self._stdout_buffer is not None:
                 stdout = self._stdout_buffer.getvalue().rstrip()
-                ET.SubElement(e, 'system-out').text = stdout
+                ET.SubElement(e, 'system-out').text = sanitize_xml(stdout)
             if self._stderr_buffer is not None:
                 stderr = self._stderr_buffer.getvalue().rstrip()
-                ET.SubElement(e, 'system-err').text = stderr
+                ET.SubElement(e, 'system-err').text = sanitize_xml(stderr)
 
         for k, v in args.items():
             if not k or not v:
                 continue
+
             e2 = ET.SubElement(e, k)
             if hasattr(v, 'items'):
                 for k2, v2 in v.items():
                     if k2:
-                        e2.set(k2, str(v2))
+                        e2.set(k2, sanitize_xml(str(v2)))
                     else:
-                        e2.text = str(v2)
+                        e2.text = sanitize_xml(str(v2))
             else:
-                e2.text = str(v)
+                e2.text = sanitize_xml(str(v))
 
     @classmethod
     def __makeErrorDict(cls, err_type, err_value, err_tb):
diff --git a/Lib/test/libregrtest/utils.py b/Lib/test/libregrtest/utils.py
index 8253d330b95b81..d6be4ad049d14a 100644
--- a/Lib/test/libregrtest/utils.py
+++ b/Lib/test/libregrtest/utils.py
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 import os.path
 import platform
 import random
+import re
 import shlex
 import signal
 import subprocess
@@ -263,6 +264,12 @@ def clear_caches():
         for f in typing._cleanups:
             f()
 
+        import inspect
+        abs_classes = filter(inspect.isabstract, typing.__dict__.values())
+        for abc in abs_classes:
+            for obj in abc.__subclasses__() + [abc]:
+                obj._abc_caches_clear()
+
     try:
         fractions = sys.modules['fractions']
     except KeyError:
@@ -293,29 +300,78 @@ def get_build_info():
 
     config_args = sysconfig.get_config_var('CONFIG_ARGS') or ''
     cflags = sysconfig.get_config_var('PY_CFLAGS') or ''
-    cflags_nodist = sysconfig.get_config_var('PY_CFLAGS_NODIST') or ''
+    cflags += ' ' + (sysconfig.get_config_var('PY_CFLAGS_NODIST') or '')
     ldflags_nodist = sysconfig.get_config_var('PY_LDFLAGS_NODIST') or ''
 
     build = []
 
     # --disable-gil
     if sysconfig.get_config_var('Py_GIL_DISABLED'):
-        build.append("free_threading")
+        if not sys.flags.ignore_environment:
+            PYTHON_GIL = os.environ.get('PYTHON_GIL', None)
+            if PYTHON_GIL:
+                PYTHON_GIL = (PYTHON_GIL == '1')
+        else:
+            PYTHON_GIL = None
+
+        free_threading = "free_threading"
+        if PYTHON_GIL is not None:
+            free_threading = f"{free_threading} GIL={int(PYTHON_GIL)}"
+        build.append(free_threading)
 
     if hasattr(sys, 'gettotalrefcount'):
         # --with-pydebug
         build.append('debug')
 
-        if '-DNDEBUG' in (cflags + cflags_nodist):
+        if '-DNDEBUG' in cflags:
             build.append('without_assert')
     else:
         build.append('release')
 
         if '--with-assertions' in config_args:
             build.append('with_assert')
-        elif '-DNDEBUG' not in (cflags + cflags_nodist):
+        elif '-DNDEBUG' not in cflags:
             build.append('with_assert')
 
+    # --enable-experimental-jit
+    tier2 = re.search('-D_Py_TIER2=([0-9]+)', cflags)
+    if tier2:
+        tier2 = int(tier2.group(1))
+
+    if not sys.flags.ignore_environment:
+        PYTHON_JIT = os.environ.get('PYTHON_JIT', None)
+        if PYTHON_JIT:
+            PYTHON_JIT = (PYTHON_JIT != '0')
+    else:
+        PYTHON_JIT = None
+
+    if tier2 == 1:  # =yes
+        if PYTHON_JIT == False:
+            jit = 'JIT=off'
+        else:
+            jit = 'JIT'
+    elif tier2 == 3:  # =yes-off
+        if PYTHON_JIT:
+            jit = 'JIT'
+        else:
+            jit = 'JIT=off'
+    elif tier2 == 4:  # =interpreter
+        if PYTHON_JIT == False:
+            jit = 'JIT-interpreter=off'
+        else:
+            jit = 'JIT-interpreter'
+    elif tier2 == 6:  # =interpreter-off (Secret option!)
+        if PYTHON_JIT:
+            jit = 'JIT-interpreter'
+        else:
+            jit = 'JIT-interpreter=off'
+    elif '-D_Py_JIT' in cflags:
+        jit = 'JIT'
+    else:
+        jit = None
+    if jit:
+        build.append(jit)
+
     # --enable-framework=name
     framework = sysconfig.get_config_var('PYTHONFRAMEWORK')
     if framework:
@@ -336,6 +392,11 @@ def get_build_info():
     if support.check_cflags_pgo():
         # PGO (--enable-optimizations)
         optimizations.append('PGO')
+
+    if support.check_bolt_optimized():
+        # BOLT (--enable-bolt)
+        optimizations.append('BOLT')
+
     if optimizations:
         build.append('+'.join(optimizations))
 
@@ -684,31 +745,23 @@ def cleanup_temp_dir(tmp_dir: StrPath):
             print("Remove file: %s" % name)
             os_helper.unlink(name)
 
-WINDOWS_STATUS = {
-    0xC0000005: "STATUS_ACCESS_VIOLATION",
-    0xC00000FD: "STATUS_STACK_OVERFLOW",
-    0xC000013A: "STATUS_CONTROL_C_EXIT",
-}
-
-def get_signal_name(exitcode):
-    if exitcode < 0:
-        signum = -exitcode
-        try:
-            return signal.Signals(signum).name
-        except ValueError:
-            pass
-
-    # Shell exit code (ex: WASI build)
-    if 128 < exitcode < 256:
-        signum = exitcode - 128
-        try:
-            return signal.Signals(signum).name
-        except ValueError:
-            pass
-
-    try:
-        return WINDOWS_STATUS[exitcode]
-    except KeyError:
-        pass
 
-    return None
+ILLEGAL_XML_CHARS_RE = re.compile(
+    '['
+    # Control characters; newline (\x0A and \x0D) and TAB (\x09) are legal
+    '\x00-\x08\x0B\x0C\x0E-\x1F'
+    # Surrogate characters
+    '\uD800-\uDFFF'
+    # Special Unicode characters
+    '\uFFFE'
+    '\uFFFF'
+    # Match multiple sequential invalid characters for better efficiency
+    ']+')
+
+def _sanitize_xml_replace(regs):
+    text = regs[0]
+    return ''.join(f'\\x{ord(ch):02x}' if ch <= '\xff' else ascii(ch)[1:-1]
+                   for ch in text)
+
+def sanitize_xml(text):
+    return ILLEGAL_XML_CHARS_RE.sub(_sanitize_xml_replace, text)
diff --git a/Lib/test/list_tests.py b/Lib/test/list_tests.py
index 89cd10f76a318e..dbc5ef4f9f2cd5 100644
--- a/Lib/test/list_tests.py
+++ b/Lib/test/list_tests.py
@@ -191,6 +191,14 @@ def test_setslice(self):
 
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, a.__setitem__)
 
+    def test_slice_assign_iterator(self):
+        x = self.type2test(range(5))
+        x[0:3] = reversed(range(3))
+        self.assertEqual(x, self.type2test([2, 1, 0, 3, 4]))
+
+        x[:] = reversed(range(3))
+        self.assertEqual(x, self.type2test([2, 1, 0]))
+
     def test_delslice(self):
         a = self.type2test([0, 1])
         del a[1:2]
diff --git a/Lib/test/lock_tests.py b/Lib/test/lock_tests.py
index 024c6debcd4a54..8c8f8901f00178 100644
--- a/Lib/test/lock_tests.py
+++ b/Lib/test/lock_tests.py
@@ -1013,6 +1013,10 @@ def multipass(self, results, n):
         self.assertEqual(self.barrier.n_waiting, 0)
         self.assertFalse(self.barrier.broken)
 
+    def test_constructor(self):
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.barriertype, parties=0)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.barriertype, parties=-1)
+
     def test_barrier(self, passes=1):
         """
         Test that a barrier is passed in lockstep
diff --git a/Lib/test/mathdata/cmath_testcases.txt b/Lib/test/mathdata/cmath_testcases.txt
index 0165e17634f41c..7b98b5a2998413 100644
--- a/Lib/test/mathdata/cmath_testcases.txt
+++ b/Lib/test/mathdata/cmath_testcases.txt
@@ -371,9 +371,9 @@ acosh1002 acosh 0.0 inf -> inf 1.5707963267948966
 acosh1003 acosh 2.3 inf -> inf 1.5707963267948966
 acosh1004 acosh -0.0 inf -> inf 1.5707963267948966
 acosh1005 acosh -2.3 inf -> inf 1.5707963267948966
-acosh1006 acosh 0.0 nan -> nan nan
+acosh1006 acosh 0.0 nan -> nan 1.5707963267948966         ignore-imag-sign
 acosh1007 acosh 2.3 nan -> nan nan
-acosh1008 acosh -0.0 nan -> nan nan
+acosh1008 acosh -0.0 nan -> nan 1.5707963267948966        ignore-imag-sign
 acosh1009 acosh -2.3 nan -> nan nan
 acosh1010 acosh -inf 0.0 -> inf 3.1415926535897931
 acosh1011 acosh -inf 2.3 -> inf 3.1415926535897931
@@ -1992,9 +1992,9 @@ tanh0065 tanh 1.797e+308 0.0 -> 1.0 0.0
 
 --special values
 tanh1000 tanh 0.0 0.0 -> 0.0 0.0
-tanh1001 tanh 0.0 inf -> nan nan        invalid
+tanh1001 tanh 0.0 inf -> 0.0 nan        invalid
 tanh1002 tanh 2.3 inf -> nan nan        invalid
-tanh1003 tanh 0.0 nan -> nan nan
+tanh1003 tanh 0.0 nan -> 0.0 nan
 tanh1004 tanh 2.3 nan -> nan nan
 tanh1005 tanh inf 0.0 -> 1.0 0.0
 tanh1006 tanh inf 0.7 -> 1.0 0.0
@@ -2009,7 +2009,7 @@ tanh1014 tanh nan 2.3 -> nan nan
 tanh1015 tanh nan inf -> nan nan
 tanh1016 tanh nan nan -> nan nan
 tanh1017 tanh 0.0 -0.0 -> 0.0 -0.0
-tanh1018 tanh 0.0 -inf -> nan nan       invalid
+tanh1018 tanh 0.0 -inf -> 0.0 nan       invalid
 tanh1019 tanh 2.3 -inf -> nan nan       invalid
 tanh1020 tanh inf -0.0 -> 1.0 -0.0
 tanh1021 tanh inf -0.7 -> 1.0 -0.0
@@ -2022,9 +2022,9 @@ tanh1027 tanh nan -0.0 -> nan -0.0
 tanh1028 tanh nan -2.3 -> nan nan
 tanh1029 tanh nan -inf -> nan nan
 tanh1030 tanh -0.0 -0.0 -> -0.0 -0.0
-tanh1031 tanh -0.0 -inf -> nan nan      invalid
+tanh1031 tanh -0.0 -inf -> -0.0 nan      invalid
 tanh1032 tanh -2.3 -inf -> nan nan      invalid
-tanh1033 tanh -0.0 nan -> nan nan
+tanh1033 tanh -0.0 nan -> -0.0 nan
 tanh1034 tanh -2.3 nan -> nan nan
 tanh1035 tanh -inf -0.0 -> -1.0 -0.0
 tanh1036 tanh -inf -0.7 -> -1.0 -0.0
@@ -2035,7 +2035,7 @@ tanh1040 tanh -inf -3.5 -> -1.0 -0.0
 tanh1041 tanh -inf -inf -> -1.0 0.0     ignore-imag-sign
 tanh1042 tanh -inf nan -> -1.0 0.0      ignore-imag-sign
 tanh1043 tanh -0.0 0.0 -> -0.0 0.0
-tanh1044 tanh -0.0 inf -> nan nan       invalid
+tanh1044 tanh -0.0 inf -> -0.0 nan       invalid
 tanh1045 tanh -2.3 inf -> nan nan       invalid
 tanh1046 tanh -inf 0.0 -> -1.0 0.0
 tanh1047 tanh -inf 0.7 -> -1.0 0.0
@@ -2307,9 +2307,9 @@ tan0066 tan -8.79645943005142 0.0 -> 0.7265425280053614098 0.0
 
 -- special values
 tan1000 tan -0.0 0.0 -> -0.0 0.0
-tan1001 tan -inf 0.0 -> nan nan invalid
+tan1001 tan -inf 0.0 -> nan 0.0 invalid
 tan1002 tan -inf 2.2999999999999998 -> nan nan invalid
-tan1003 tan nan 0.0 -> nan nan
+tan1003 tan nan 0.0 -> nan 0.0
 tan1004 tan nan 2.2999999999999998 -> nan nan
 tan1005 tan -0.0 inf -> -0.0 1.0
 tan1006 tan -0.69999999999999996 inf -> -0.0 1.0
@@ -2324,7 +2324,7 @@ tan1014 tan -2.2999999999999998 nan -> nan nan
 tan1015 tan -inf nan -> nan nan
 tan1016 tan nan nan -> nan nan
 tan1017 tan 0.0 0.0 -> 0.0 0.0
-tan1018 tan inf 0.0 -> nan nan invalid
+tan1018 tan inf 0.0 -> nan 0.0 invalid
 tan1019 tan inf 2.2999999999999998 -> nan nan invalid
 tan1020 tan 0.0 inf -> 0.0 1.0
 tan1021 tan 0.69999999999999996 inf -> 0.0 1.0
@@ -2337,9 +2337,9 @@ tan1027 tan 0.0 nan -> 0.0 nan
 tan1028 tan 2.2999999999999998 nan -> nan nan
 tan1029 tan inf nan -> nan nan
 tan1030 tan 0.0 -0.0 -> 0.0 -0.0
-tan1031 tan inf -0.0 -> nan nan invalid
+tan1031 tan inf -0.0 -> nan -0.0 invalid
 tan1032 tan inf -2.2999999999999998 -> nan nan invalid
-tan1033 tan nan -0.0 -> nan nan
+tan1033 tan nan -0.0 -> nan -0.0
 tan1034 tan nan -2.2999999999999998 -> nan nan
 tan1035 tan 0.0 -inf -> 0.0 -1.0
 tan1036 tan 0.69999999999999996 -inf -> 0.0 -1.0
@@ -2350,7 +2350,7 @@ tan1040 tan 3.5 -inf -> 0.0 -1.0
 tan1041 tan inf -inf -> -0.0 -1.0 ignore-real-sign
 tan1042 tan nan -inf -> -0.0 -1.0 ignore-real-sign
 tan1043 tan -0.0 -0.0 -> -0.0 -0.0
-tan1044 tan -inf -0.0 -> nan nan invalid
+tan1044 tan -inf -0.0 -> nan -0.0 invalid
 tan1045 tan -inf -2.2999999999999998 -> nan nan invalid
 tan1046 tan -0.0 -inf -> -0.0 -1.0
 tan1047 tan -0.69999999999999996 -inf -> -0.0 -1.0
diff --git a/Lib/test/mathdata/ieee754.txt b/Lib/test/mathdata/ieee754.txt
index 0bc45603b8b18a..0dac69040ad011 100644
--- a/Lib/test/mathdata/ieee754.txt
+++ b/Lib/test/mathdata/ieee754.txt
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ nan
 >>> INF / INF
 nan
 
-However unambigous operations with inf return inf:
+However unambiguous operations with inf return inf:
 >>> INF * INF
 inf
 >>> 1.5 * INF
diff --git a/Lib/test/pickletester.py b/Lib/test/pickletester.py
index 93e7dbbd103934..8ef8fae44f1d25 100644
--- a/Lib/test/pickletester.py
+++ b/Lib/test/pickletester.py
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
 from test import support
 from test.support import os_helper
 from test.support import (
-    TestFailed, run_with_locale, no_tracing,
+    TestFailed, run_with_locales, no_tracing,
     _2G, _4G, bigmemtest
     )
 from test.support.import_helper import forget
@@ -144,6 +144,14 @@ class E(C):
     def __getinitargs__(self):
         return ()
 
+import __main__
+__main__.C = C
+C.__module__ = "__main__"
+__main__.D = D
+D.__module__ = "__main__"
+__main__.E = E
+E.__module__ = "__main__"
+
 # Simple mutable object.
 class Object:
     pass
@@ -157,14 +165,6 @@ def __reduce__(self):
         # Shouldn't support the recursion itself
         return K, (self.value,)
 
-import __main__
-__main__.C = C
-C.__module__ = "__main__"
-__main__.D = D
-D.__module__ = "__main__"
-__main__.E = E
-E.__module__ = "__main__"
-
 class myint(int):
     def __init__(self, x):
         self.str = str(x)
@@ -1179,6 +1179,166 @@ def test_compat_unpickle(self):
             self.assertIs(type(unpickled), collections.UserDict)
             self.assertEqual(unpickled, collections.UserDict({1: 2}))
 
+    def test_load_global(self):
+        self.assertIs(self.loads(b'cbuiltins\nstr\n.'), str)
+        self.assertIs(self.loads(b'cmath\nlog\n.'), math.log)
+        self.assertIs(self.loads(b'cos.path\njoin\n.'), os.path.join)
+        self.assertIs(self.loads(b'\x80\x04cbuiltins\nstr.upper\n.'), str.upper)
+        with support.swap_item(sys.modules, 'mödule', types.SimpleNamespace(glöbal=42)):
+            self.assertEqual(self.loads(b'\x80\x04cm\xc3\xb6dule\ngl\xc3\xb6bal\n.'), 42)
+
+        self.assertRaises(UnicodeDecodeError, self.loads, b'c\xff\nlog\n.')
+        self.assertRaises(UnicodeDecodeError, self.loads, b'cmath\n\xff\n.')
+        self.assertRaises(self.truncated_errors, self.loads, b'c\nlog\n.')
+        self.assertRaises(self.truncated_errors, self.loads, b'cmath\n\n.')
+        self.assertRaises(self.truncated_errors, self.loads, b'\x80\x04cmath\n\n.')
+
+    def test_load_stack_global(self):
+        self.assertIs(self.loads(b'\x8c\x08builtins\x8c\x03str\x93.'), str)
+        self.assertIs(self.loads(b'\x8c\x04math\x8c\x03log\x93.'), math.log)
+        self.assertIs(self.loads(b'\x8c\x07os.path\x8c\x04join\x93.'),
+                      os.path.join)
+        self.assertIs(self.loads(b'\x80\x04\x8c\x08builtins\x8c\x09str.upper\x93.'),
+                      str.upper)
+        with support.swap_item(sys.modules, 'mödule', types.SimpleNamespace(glöbal=42)):
+            self.assertEqual(self.loads(b'\x80\x04\x8c\x07m\xc3\xb6dule\x8c\x07gl\xc3\xb6bal\x93.'), 42)
+
+        self.assertRaises(UnicodeDecodeError, self.loads, b'\x8c\x01\xff\x8c\x03log\x93.')
+        self.assertRaises(UnicodeDecodeError, self.loads, b'\x8c\x04math\x8c\x01\xff\x93.')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.loads, b'\x8c\x00\x8c\x03log\x93.')
+        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, self.loads, b'\x8c\x04math\x8c\x00\x93.')
+        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, self.loads, b'\x80\x04\x8c\x04math\x8c\x00\x93.')
+
+        self.assertRaises(pickle.UnpicklingError, self.loads, b'N\x8c\x03log\x93.')
+        self.assertRaises(pickle.UnpicklingError, self.loads, b'\x8c\x04mathN\x93.')
+        self.assertRaises(pickle.UnpicklingError, self.loads, b'\x80\x04\x8c\x04mathN\x93.')
+
+    def test_find_class(self):
+        unpickler = self.unpickler(io.BytesIO())
+        unpickler_nofix = self.unpickler(io.BytesIO(), fix_imports=False)
+        unpickler4 = self.unpickler(io.BytesIO(b'\x80\x04N.'))
+        unpickler4.load()
+
+        self.assertIs(unpickler.find_class('__builtin__', 'str'), str)
+        self.assertRaises(ModuleNotFoundError,
+                          unpickler_nofix.find_class, '__builtin__', 'str')
+        self.assertIs(unpickler.find_class('builtins', 'str'), str)
+        self.assertIs(unpickler_nofix.find_class('builtins', 'str'), str)
+        self.assertIs(unpickler.find_class('math', 'log'), math.log)
+        self.assertIs(unpickler.find_class('os.path', 'join'), os.path.join)
+        self.assertIs(unpickler.find_class('os.path', 'join'), os.path.join)
+
+        self.assertIs(unpickler4.find_class('builtins', 'str.upper'), str.upper)
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(AttributeError,
+                r"module 'builtins' has no attribute 'str\.upper'"):
+            unpickler.find_class('builtins', 'str.upper')
+
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(AttributeError,
+                "module 'math' has no attribute 'spam'"):
+            unpickler.find_class('math', 'spam')
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(AttributeError,
+                "module 'math' has no attribute 'spam'"):
+            unpickler4.find_class('math', 'spam')
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(AttributeError,
+                r"module 'math' has no attribute 'log\.spam'"):
+            unpickler.find_class('math', 'log.spam')
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(AttributeError,
+                r"Can't resolve path 'log\.spam' on module 'math'") as cm:
+            unpickler4.find_class('math', 'log.spam')
+        self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception.__context__),
+            "'builtin_function_or_method' object has no attribute 'spam'")
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(AttributeError,
+                r"module 'math' has no attribute 'log\.<locals>\.spam'"):
+            unpickler.find_class('math', 'log.<locals>.spam')
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(AttributeError,
+                r"Can't resolve path 'log\.<locals>\.spam' on module 'math'") as cm:
+            unpickler4.find_class('math', 'log.<locals>.spam')
+        self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception.__context__),
+            "'builtin_function_or_method' object has no attribute '<locals>'")
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(AttributeError,
+                "module 'math' has no attribute ''"):
+            unpickler.find_class('math', '')
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(AttributeError,
+                "module 'math' has no attribute ''"):
+            unpickler4.find_class('math', '')
+        self.assertRaises(ModuleNotFoundError, unpickler.find_class, 'spam', 'log')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, unpickler.find_class, '', 'log')
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, unpickler.find_class, None, 'log')
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, unpickler.find_class, 'math', None)
+        self.assertRaises((TypeError, AttributeError), unpickler4.find_class, 'math', None)
+
+    def test_custom_find_class(self):
+        def loads(data):
+            class Unpickler(self.unpickler):
+                def find_class(self, module_name, global_name):
+                    return (module_name, global_name)
+            return Unpickler(io.BytesIO(data)).load()
+
+        self.assertEqual(loads(b'cmath\nlog\n.'), ('math', 'log'))
+        self.assertEqual(loads(b'\x8c\x04math\x8c\x03log\x93.'), ('math', 'log'))
+
+        def loads(data):
+            class Unpickler(self.unpickler):
+                @staticmethod
+                def find_class(module_name, global_name):
+                    return (module_name, global_name)
+            return Unpickler(io.BytesIO(data)).load()
+
+        self.assertEqual(loads(b'cmath\nlog\n.'), ('math', 'log'))
+        self.assertEqual(loads(b'\x8c\x04math\x8c\x03log\x93.'), ('math', 'log'))
+
+        def loads(data):
+            class Unpickler(self.unpickler):
+                @classmethod
+                def find_class(cls, module_name, global_name):
+                    return (module_name, global_name)
+            return Unpickler(io.BytesIO(data)).load()
+
+        self.assertEqual(loads(b'cmath\nlog\n.'), ('math', 'log'))
+        self.assertEqual(loads(b'\x8c\x04math\x8c\x03log\x93.'), ('math', 'log'))
+
+        def loads(data):
+            class Unpickler(self.unpickler):
+                pass
+            def find_class(module_name, global_name):
+                return (module_name, global_name)
+            unpickler = Unpickler(io.BytesIO(data))
+            unpickler.find_class = find_class
+            return unpickler.load()
+
+        self.assertEqual(loads(b'cmath\nlog\n.'), ('math', 'log'))
+        self.assertEqual(loads(b'\x8c\x04math\x8c\x03log\x93.'), ('math', 'log'))
+
+    def test_bad_ext_code(self):
+        # unregistered extension code
+        self.check_unpickling_error(ValueError, b'\x82\x01.')
+        self.check_unpickling_error(ValueError, b'\x82\xff.')
+        self.check_unpickling_error(ValueError, b'\x83\x01\x00.')
+        self.check_unpickling_error(ValueError, b'\x83\xff\xff.')
+        self.check_unpickling_error(ValueError, b'\x84\x01\x00\x00\x00.')
+        self.check_unpickling_error(ValueError, b'\x84\xff\xff\xff\x7f.')
+        # EXT specifies code <= 0
+        self.check_unpickling_error(pickle.UnpicklingError, b'\x82\x00.')
+        self.check_unpickling_error(pickle.UnpicklingError, b'\x83\x00\x00.')
+        self.check_unpickling_error(pickle.UnpicklingError, b'\x84\x00\x00\x00\x00.')
+        self.check_unpickling_error(pickle.UnpicklingError, b'\x84\x00\x00\x00\x80.')
+        self.check_unpickling_error(pickle.UnpicklingError, b'\x84\xff\xff\xff\xff.')
+
+    @support.cpython_only
+    def test_bad_ext_inverted_registry(self):
+        code = 1
+        def check(key, exc):
+            with support.swap_item(copyreg._inverted_registry, code, key):
+                with self.assertRaises(exc):
+                    self.loads(b'\x82\x01.')
+        check(None, ValueError)
+        check((), ValueError)
+        check((__name__,), (TypeError, ValueError))
+        check((__name__, "MyList", "x"), (TypeError, ValueError))
+        check((__name__, None), (TypeError, ValueError))
+        check((None, "MyList"), (TypeError, ValueError))
+
     def test_bad_reduce(self):
         self.assertEqual(self.loads(b'cbuiltins\nint\n)R.'), 0)
         self.check_unpickling_error(TypeError, b'N)R.')
@@ -1443,6 +1603,789 @@ def t():
             [ToBeUnpickled] * 2)
 
 
+class AbstractPicklingErrorTests:
+    # Subclass must define self.dumps, self.pickler.
+
+    def test_bad_reduce_result(self):
+        obj = REX([print, ()])
+        for proto in protocols:
+            with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                with self.assertRaises(pickle.PicklingError) as cm:
+                    self.dumps(obj, proto)
+                self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception),
+                    '__reduce__ must return a string or tuple, not list')
+                self.assertEqual(cm.exception.__notes__, [
+                    'when serializing test.pickletester.REX object'])
+
+        obj = REX((print,))
+        for proto in protocols:
+            with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                with self.assertRaises(pickle.PicklingError) as cm:
+                    self.dumps(obj, proto)
+                self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception),
+                    'tuple returned by __reduce__ must contain 2 through 6 elements')
+                self.assertEqual(cm.exception.__notes__, [
+                    'when serializing test.pickletester.REX object'])
+
+        obj = REX((print, (), None, None, None, None, None))
+        for proto in protocols:
+            with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                with self.assertRaises(pickle.PicklingError) as cm:
+                    self.dumps(obj, proto)
+                self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception),
+                    'tuple returned by __reduce__ must contain 2 through 6 elements')
+                self.assertEqual(cm.exception.__notes__, [
+                    'when serializing test.pickletester.REX object'])
+
+    def test_bad_reconstructor(self):
+        obj = REX((42, ()))
+        for proto in protocols:
+            with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                with self.assertRaises(pickle.PicklingError) as cm:
+                    self.dumps(obj, proto)
+                self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception),
+                    'first item of the tuple returned by __reduce__ '
+                    'must be callable, not int')
+                self.assertEqual(cm.exception.__notes__, [
+                    'when serializing test.pickletester.REX object'])
+
+    def test_unpickleable_reconstructor(self):
+        obj = REX((UnpickleableCallable(), ()))
+        for proto in protocols:
+            with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                with self.assertRaises(CustomError) as cm:
+                    self.dumps(obj, proto)
+                self.assertEqual(cm.exception.__notes__, [
+                    'when serializing test.pickletester.REX reconstructor',
+                    'when serializing test.pickletester.REX object'])
+
+    def test_bad_reconstructor_args(self):
+        obj = REX((print, []))
+        for proto in protocols:
+            with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                with self.assertRaises(pickle.PicklingError) as cm:
+                    self.dumps(obj, proto)
+                self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception),
+                    'second item of the tuple returned by __reduce__ '
+                    'must be a tuple, not list')
+                self.assertEqual(cm.exception.__notes__, [
+                    'when serializing test.pickletester.REX object'])
+
+    def test_unpickleable_reconstructor_args(self):
+        obj = REX((print, (1, 2, UNPICKLEABLE)))
+        for proto in protocols:
+            with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                with self.assertRaises(CustomError) as cm:
+                    self.dumps(obj, proto)
+                self.assertEqual(cm.exception.__notes__, [
+                    'when serializing tuple item 2',
+                    'when serializing test.pickletester.REX reconstructor arguments',
+                    'when serializing test.pickletester.REX object'])
+
+    def test_bad_newobj_args(self):
+        obj = REX((copyreg.__newobj__, ()))
+        for proto in protocols[2:]:
+            with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                with self.assertRaises((IndexError, pickle.PicklingError)) as cm:
+                    self.dumps(obj, proto)
+                self.assertIn(str(cm.exception), {
+                    'tuple index out of range',
+                    '__newobj__ expected at least 1 argument, got 0'})
+                self.assertEqual(cm.exception.__notes__, [
+                    'when serializing test.pickletester.REX object'])
+
+        obj = REX((copyreg.__newobj__, [REX]))
+        for proto in protocols[2:]:
+            with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                with self.assertRaises(pickle.PicklingError) as cm:
+                    self.dumps(obj, proto)
+                self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception),
+                    'second item of the tuple returned by __reduce__ '
+                    'must be a tuple, not list')
+                self.assertEqual(cm.exception.__notes__, [
+                    'when serializing test.pickletester.REX object'])
+
+    def test_bad_newobj_class(self):
+        obj = REX((copyreg.__newobj__, (NoNew(),)))
+        for proto in protocols[2:]:
+            with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                with self.assertRaises(pickle.PicklingError) as cm:
+                    self.dumps(obj, proto)
+                self.assertIn(str(cm.exception), {
+                    'first argument to __newobj__() has no __new__',
+                    f'first argument to __newobj__() must be a class, not {__name__}.NoNew'})
+                self.assertEqual(cm.exception.__notes__, [
+                    'when serializing test.pickletester.REX object'])
+
+    def test_wrong_newobj_class(self):
+        obj = REX((copyreg.__newobj__, (str,)))
+        for proto in protocols[2:]:
+            with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                with self.assertRaises(pickle.PicklingError) as cm:
+                    self.dumps(obj, proto)
+                self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception),
+                    f'first argument to __newobj__() must be {REX!r}, not {str!r}')
+                self.assertEqual(cm.exception.__notes__, [
+                    'when serializing test.pickletester.REX object'])
+
+    def test_unpickleable_newobj_class(self):
+        class LocalREX(REX): pass
+        obj = LocalREX((copyreg.__newobj__, (LocalREX,)))
+        for proto in protocols:
+            with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                with self.assertRaises(pickle.PicklingError) as cm:
+                    self.dumps(obj, proto)
+            if proto >= 2:
+                self.assertEqual(cm.exception.__notes__, [
+                    f'when serializing {LocalREX.__module__}.{LocalREX.__qualname__} class',
+                    f'when serializing {LocalREX.__module__}.{LocalREX.__qualname__} object'])
+            else:
+                self.assertEqual(cm.exception.__notes__, [
+                    'when serializing tuple item 0',
+                    f'when serializing {LocalREX.__module__}.{LocalREX.__qualname__} reconstructor arguments',
+                    f'when serializing {LocalREX.__module__}.{LocalREX.__qualname__} object'])
+
+    def test_unpickleable_newobj_args(self):
+        obj = REX((copyreg.__newobj__, (REX, 1, 2, UNPICKLEABLE)))
+        for proto in protocols:
+            with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                with self.assertRaises(CustomError) as cm:
+                    self.dumps(obj, proto)
+                if proto >= 2:
+                    self.assertEqual(cm.exception.__notes__, [
+                        'when serializing tuple item 2',
+                        'when serializing test.pickletester.REX __new__ arguments',
+                        'when serializing test.pickletester.REX object'])
+                else:
+                    self.assertEqual(cm.exception.__notes__, [
+                        'when serializing tuple item 3',
+                        'when serializing test.pickletester.REX reconstructor arguments',
+                        'when serializing test.pickletester.REX object'])
+
+    def test_bad_newobj_ex_args(self):
+        obj = REX((copyreg.__newobj_ex__, ()))
+        for proto in protocols[2:]:
+            with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                with self.assertRaises((ValueError, pickle.PicklingError)) as cm:
+                    self.dumps(obj, proto)
+                self.assertIn(str(cm.exception), {
+                    'not enough values to unpack (expected 3, got 0)',
+                    '__newobj_ex__ expected 3 arguments, got 0'})
+                self.assertEqual(cm.exception.__notes__, [
+                    'when serializing test.pickletester.REX object'])
+
+        obj = REX((copyreg.__newobj_ex__, 42))
+        for proto in protocols[2:]:
+            with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                with self.assertRaises(pickle.PicklingError) as cm:
+                    self.dumps(obj, proto)
+                self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception),
+                    'second item of the tuple returned by __reduce__ '
+                    'must be a tuple, not int')
+                self.assertEqual(cm.exception.__notes__, [
+                    'when serializing test.pickletester.REX object'])
+
+        obj = REX((copyreg.__newobj_ex__, (REX, 42, {})))
+        if self.pickler is pickle._Pickler:
+            for proto in protocols[2:4]:
+                with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                    with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as cm:
+                        self.dumps(obj, proto)
+                    self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception),
+                        'Value after * must be an iterable, not int')
+                    self.assertEqual(cm.exception.__notes__, [
+                        'when serializing test.pickletester.REX object'])
+        else:
+            for proto in protocols[2:]:
+                with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                    with self.assertRaises(pickle.PicklingError) as cm:
+                        self.dumps(obj, proto)
+                    self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception),
+                        'second argument to __newobj_ex__() must be a tuple, not int')
+                    self.assertEqual(cm.exception.__notes__, [
+                        'when serializing test.pickletester.REX object'])
+
+        obj = REX((copyreg.__newobj_ex__, (REX, (), [])))
+        if self.pickler is pickle._Pickler:
+            for proto in protocols[2:4]:
+                with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                    with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as cm:
+                        self.dumps(obj, proto)
+                    self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception),
+                        'functools.partial() argument after ** must be a mapping, not list')
+                    self.assertEqual(cm.exception.__notes__, [
+                        'when serializing test.pickletester.REX object'])
+        else:
+            for proto in protocols[2:]:
+                with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                    with self.assertRaises(pickle.PicklingError) as cm:
+                        self.dumps(obj, proto)
+                    self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception),
+                        'third argument to __newobj_ex__() must be a dict, not list')
+                    self.assertEqual(cm.exception.__notes__, [
+                        'when serializing test.pickletester.REX object'])
+
+    def test_bad_newobj_ex__class(self):
+        obj = REX((copyreg.__newobj_ex__, (NoNew(), (), {})))
+        for proto in protocols[2:]:
+            with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                with self.assertRaises(pickle.PicklingError) as cm:
+                    self.dumps(obj, proto)
+                self.assertIn(str(cm.exception), {
+                    'first argument to __newobj_ex__() has no __new__',
+                    f'first argument to __newobj_ex__() must be a class, not {__name__}.NoNew'})
+                self.assertEqual(cm.exception.__notes__, [
+                    'when serializing test.pickletester.REX object'])
+
+    def test_wrong_newobj_ex_class(self):
+        if self.pickler is not pickle._Pickler:
+            self.skipTest('only verified in the Python implementation')
+        obj = REX((copyreg.__newobj_ex__, (str, (), {})))
+        for proto in protocols[2:]:
+            with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                with self.assertRaises(pickle.PicklingError) as cm:
+                    self.dumps(obj, proto)
+                self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception),
+                    f'first argument to __newobj_ex__() must be {REX}, not {str}')
+                self.assertEqual(cm.exception.__notes__, [
+                    'when serializing test.pickletester.REX object'])
+
+    def test_unpickleable_newobj_ex_class(self):
+        class LocalREX(REX): pass
+        obj = LocalREX((copyreg.__newobj_ex__, (LocalREX, (), {})))
+        for proto in protocols:
+            with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                with self.assertRaises(pickle.PicklingError) as cm:
+                    self.dumps(obj, proto)
+                if proto >= 4:
+                    self.assertEqual(cm.exception.__notes__, [
+                        f'when serializing {LocalREX.__module__}.{LocalREX.__qualname__} class',
+                        f'when serializing {LocalREX.__module__}.{LocalREX.__qualname__} object'])
+                elif proto >= 2:
+                    self.assertEqual(cm.exception.__notes__, [
+                        'when serializing tuple item 0',
+                        'when serializing tuple item 1',
+                        'when serializing functools.partial state',
+                        'when serializing functools.partial object',
+                        f'when serializing {LocalREX.__module__}.{LocalREX.__qualname__} reconstructor',
+                        f'when serializing {LocalREX.__module__}.{LocalREX.__qualname__} object'])
+                else:
+                    self.assertEqual(cm.exception.__notes__, [
+                        'when serializing tuple item 0',
+                        f'when serializing {LocalREX.__module__}.{LocalREX.__qualname__} reconstructor arguments',
+                        f'when serializing {LocalREX.__module__}.{LocalREX.__qualname__} object'])
+
+    def test_unpickleable_newobj_ex_args(self):
+        obj = REX((copyreg.__newobj_ex__, (REX, (1, 2, UNPICKLEABLE), {})))
+        for proto in protocols:
+            with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                with self.assertRaises(CustomError) as cm:
+                    self.dumps(obj, proto)
+                if proto >= 4:
+                    self.assertEqual(cm.exception.__notes__, [
+                        'when serializing tuple item 2',
+                        'when serializing test.pickletester.REX __new__ arguments',
+                        'when serializing test.pickletester.REX object'])
+                elif proto >= 2:
+                    self.assertEqual(cm.exception.__notes__, [
+                        'when serializing tuple item 3',
+                        'when serializing tuple item 1',
+                        'when serializing functools.partial state',
+                        'when serializing functools.partial object',
+                        'when serializing test.pickletester.REX reconstructor',
+                        'when serializing test.pickletester.REX object'])
+                else:
+                    self.assertEqual(cm.exception.__notes__, [
+                        'when serializing tuple item 2',
+                        'when serializing tuple item 1',
+                        'when serializing test.pickletester.REX reconstructor arguments',
+                        'when serializing test.pickletester.REX object'])
+
+    def test_unpickleable_newobj_ex_kwargs(self):
+        obj = REX((copyreg.__newobj_ex__, (REX, (), {'a': UNPICKLEABLE})))
+        for proto in protocols:
+            with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                with self.assertRaises(CustomError) as cm:
+                    self.dumps(obj, proto)
+                if proto >= 4:
+                    self.assertEqual(cm.exception.__notes__, [
+                        "when serializing dict item 'a'",
+                        'when serializing test.pickletester.REX __new__ arguments',
+                        'when serializing test.pickletester.REX object'])
+                elif proto >= 2:
+                    self.assertEqual(cm.exception.__notes__, [
+                        "when serializing dict item 'a'",
+                        'when serializing tuple item 2',
+                        'when serializing functools.partial state',
+                        'when serializing functools.partial object',
+                        'when serializing test.pickletester.REX reconstructor',
+                        'when serializing test.pickletester.REX object'])
+                else:
+                    self.assertEqual(cm.exception.__notes__, [
+                        "when serializing dict item 'a'",
+                        'when serializing tuple item 2',
+                        'when serializing test.pickletester.REX reconstructor arguments',
+                        'when serializing test.pickletester.REX object'])
+
+    def test_unpickleable_state(self):
+        obj = REX_state(UNPICKLEABLE)
+        for proto in protocols:
+            with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                with self.assertRaises(CustomError) as cm:
+                    self.dumps(obj, proto)
+                self.assertEqual(cm.exception.__notes__, [
+                    'when serializing test.pickletester.REX_state state',
+                    'when serializing test.pickletester.REX_state object'])
+
+    def test_bad_state_setter(self):
+        if self.pickler is pickle._Pickler:
+            self.skipTest('only verified in the C implementation')
+        obj = REX((print, (), 'state', None, None, 42))
+        for proto in protocols:
+            with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                with self.assertRaises(pickle.PicklingError) as cm:
+                    self.dumps(obj, proto)
+                self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception),
+                    'sixth item of the tuple returned by __reduce__ '
+                    'must be callable, not int')
+                self.assertEqual(cm.exception.__notes__, [
+                    'when serializing test.pickletester.REX object'])
+
+    def test_unpickleable_state_setter(self):
+        obj = REX((print, (), 'state', None, None, UnpickleableCallable()))
+        for proto in protocols:
+            with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                with self.assertRaises(CustomError) as cm:
+                    self.dumps(obj, proto)
+                self.assertEqual(cm.exception.__notes__, [
+                    'when serializing test.pickletester.REX state setter',
+                    'when serializing test.pickletester.REX object'])
+
+    def test_unpickleable_state_with_state_setter(self):
+        obj = REX((print, (), UNPICKLEABLE, None, None, print))
+        for proto in protocols:
+            with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                with self.assertRaises(CustomError) as cm:
+                    self.dumps(obj, proto)
+                self.assertEqual(cm.exception.__notes__, [
+                    'when serializing test.pickletester.REX state',
+                    'when serializing test.pickletester.REX object'])
+
+    def test_bad_object_list_items(self):
+        # Issue4176: crash when 4th and 5th items of __reduce__()
+        # are not iterators
+        obj = REX((list, (), None, 42))
+        for proto in protocols:
+            with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                with self.assertRaises((TypeError, pickle.PicklingError)) as cm:
+                    self.dumps(obj, proto)
+                self.assertIn(str(cm.exception), {
+                    "'int' object is not iterable",
+                    'fourth item of the tuple returned by __reduce__ '
+                    'must be an iterator, not int'})
+                self.assertEqual(cm.exception.__notes__, [
+                    'when serializing test.pickletester.REX object'])
+
+        if self.pickler is not pickle._Pickler:
+            # Python implementation is less strict and also accepts iterables.
+            obj = REX((list, (), None, []))
+            for proto in protocols:
+                with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                    with self.assertRaises(pickle.PicklingError):
+                        self.dumps(obj, proto)
+                    self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception),
+                        'fourth item of the tuple returned by __reduce__ '
+                        'must be an iterator, not int')
+                    self.assertEqual(cm.exception.__notes__, [
+                        'when serializing test.pickletester.REX object'])
+
+    def test_unpickleable_object_list_items(self):
+        obj = REX_six([1, 2, UNPICKLEABLE])
+        for proto in protocols:
+            with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                with self.assertRaises(CustomError) as cm:
+                    self.dumps(obj, proto)
+                self.assertEqual(cm.exception.__notes__, [
+                    'when serializing test.pickletester.REX_six item 2',
+                    'when serializing test.pickletester.REX_six object'])
+
+    def test_bad_object_dict_items(self):
+        # Issue4176: crash when 4th and 5th items of __reduce__()
+        # are not iterators
+        obj = REX((dict, (), None, None, 42))
+        for proto in protocols:
+            with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                with self.assertRaises((TypeError, pickle.PicklingError)) as cm:
+                    self.dumps(obj, proto)
+                self.assertIn(str(cm.exception), {
+                    "'int' object is not iterable",
+                    'fifth item of the tuple returned by __reduce__ '
+                    'must be an iterator, not int'})
+                self.assertEqual(cm.exception.__notes__, [
+                    'when serializing test.pickletester.REX object'])
+
+        for proto in protocols:
+            obj = REX((dict, (), None, None, iter([('a',)])))
+            with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                with self.assertRaises((ValueError, TypeError)) as cm:
+                    self.dumps(obj, proto)
+                self.assertIn(str(cm.exception), {
+                    'not enough values to unpack (expected 2, got 1)',
+                    'dict items iterator must return 2-tuples'})
+                self.assertEqual(cm.exception.__notes__, [
+                    'when serializing test.pickletester.REX object'])
+
+        if self.pickler is not pickle._Pickler:
+            # Python implementation is less strict and also accepts iterables.
+            obj = REX((dict, (), None, None, []))
+            for proto in protocols:
+                with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                    with self.assertRaises(pickle.PicklingError):
+                        self.dumps(obj, proto)
+                    self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception),
+                        'dict items iterator must return 2-tuples')
+                    self.assertEqual(cm.exception.__notes__, [
+                        'when serializing test.pickletester.REX object'])
+
+    def test_unpickleable_object_dict_items(self):
+        obj = REX_seven({'a': UNPICKLEABLE})
+        for proto in protocols:
+            with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                with self.assertRaises(CustomError) as cm:
+                    self.dumps(obj, proto)
+                self.assertEqual(cm.exception.__notes__, [
+                    "when serializing test.pickletester.REX_seven item 'a'",
+                    'when serializing test.pickletester.REX_seven object'])
+
+    def test_unpickleable_list_items(self):
+        obj = [1, [2, 3, UNPICKLEABLE]]
+        for proto in protocols:
+            with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                with self.assertRaises(CustomError) as cm:
+                    self.dumps(obj, proto)
+                self.assertEqual(cm.exception.__notes__, [
+                    'when serializing list item 2',
+                    'when serializing list item 1'])
+        for n in [0, 1, 1000, 1005]:
+            obj = [*range(n), UNPICKLEABLE]
+            for proto in protocols:
+                with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                    with self.assertRaises(CustomError) as cm:
+                        self.dumps(obj, proto)
+                    self.assertEqual(cm.exception.__notes__, [
+                        f'when serializing list item {n}'])
+
+    def test_unpickleable_tuple_items(self):
+        obj = (1, (2, 3, UNPICKLEABLE))
+        for proto in protocols:
+            with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                with self.assertRaises(CustomError) as cm:
+                    self.dumps(obj, proto)
+                self.assertEqual(cm.exception.__notes__, [
+                    'when serializing tuple item 2',
+                    'when serializing tuple item 1'])
+        obj = (*range(10), UNPICKLEABLE)
+        for proto in protocols:
+            with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                with self.assertRaises(CustomError) as cm:
+                    self.dumps(obj, proto)
+                self.assertEqual(cm.exception.__notes__, [
+                    'when serializing tuple item 10'])
+
+    def test_unpickleable_dict_items(self):
+        obj = {'a': {'b': UNPICKLEABLE}}
+        for proto in protocols:
+            with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                with self.assertRaises(CustomError) as cm:
+                    self.dumps(obj, proto)
+                self.assertEqual(cm.exception.__notes__, [
+                    "when serializing dict item 'b'",
+                    "when serializing dict item 'a'"])
+        for n in [0, 1, 1000, 1005]:
+            obj = dict.fromkeys(range(n))
+            obj['a'] = UNPICKLEABLE
+            for proto in protocols:
+                with self.subTest(proto=proto, n=n):
+                    with self.assertRaises(CustomError) as cm:
+                        self.dumps(obj, proto)
+                    self.assertEqual(cm.exception.__notes__, [
+                        "when serializing dict item 'a'"])
+
+    def test_unpickleable_set_items(self):
+        obj = {UNPICKLEABLE}
+        for proto in protocols:
+            with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                with self.assertRaises(CustomError) as cm:
+                    self.dumps(obj, proto)
+                if proto >= 4:
+                    self.assertEqual(cm.exception.__notes__, [
+                        'when serializing set element'])
+                else:
+                    self.assertEqual(cm.exception.__notes__, [
+                        'when serializing list item 0',
+                        'when serializing tuple item 0',
+                        'when serializing set reconstructor arguments'])
+
+    def test_unpickleable_frozenset_items(self):
+        obj = frozenset({frozenset({UNPICKLEABLE})})
+        for proto in protocols:
+            with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                with self.assertRaises(CustomError) as cm:
+                    self.dumps(obj, proto)
+                if proto >= 4:
+                    self.assertEqual(cm.exception.__notes__, [
+                        'when serializing frozenset element',
+                        'when serializing frozenset element'])
+                else:
+                    self.assertEqual(cm.exception.__notes__, [
+                        'when serializing list item 0',
+                        'when serializing tuple item 0',
+                        'when serializing frozenset reconstructor arguments',
+                        'when serializing list item 0',
+                        'when serializing tuple item 0',
+                        'when serializing frozenset reconstructor arguments'])
+
+    def test_global_lookup_error(self):
+        # Global name does not exist
+        obj = REX('spam')
+        obj.__module__ = __name__
+        for proto in protocols:
+            with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                with self.assertRaises(pickle.PicklingError) as cm:
+                    self.dumps(obj, proto)
+                self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception),
+                    f"Can't pickle {obj!r}: it's not found as {__name__}.spam")
+                self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception.__context__),
+                    f"module '{__name__}' has no attribute 'spam'")
+
+        obj.__module__ = 'nonexisting'
+        for proto in protocols:
+            with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                with self.assertRaises(pickle.PicklingError) as cm:
+                    self.dumps(obj, proto)
+                self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception),
+                    f"Can't pickle {obj!r}: No module named 'nonexisting'")
+                self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception.__context__),
+                    "No module named 'nonexisting'")
+
+        obj.__module__ = ''
+        for proto in protocols:
+            with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                with self.assertRaises(pickle.PicklingError) as cm:
+                    self.dumps(obj, proto)
+                self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception),
+                    f"Can't pickle {obj!r}: Empty module name")
+                self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception.__context__),
+                    "Empty module name")
+
+        obj.__module__ = None
+        for proto in protocols:
+            with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                with self.assertRaises(pickle.PicklingError) as cm:
+                    self.dumps(obj, proto)
+                self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception),
+                    f"Can't pickle {obj!r}: it's not found as __main__.spam")
+                self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception.__context__),
+                    "module '__main__' has no attribute 'spam'")
+
+    def test_nonencodable_global_name_error(self):
+        for proto in protocols[:4]:
+            with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                name = 'nonascii\xff' if proto < 3 else 'nonencodable\udbff'
+                obj = REX(name)
+                obj.__module__ = __name__
+                with support.swap_item(globals(), name, obj):
+                    with self.assertRaises(pickle.PicklingError) as cm:
+                        self.dumps(obj, proto)
+                    self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception),
+                        f"can't pickle global identifier {name!r} using pickle protocol {proto}")
+                    self.assertIsInstance(cm.exception.__context__, UnicodeEncodeError)
+
+    def test_nonencodable_module_name_error(self):
+        for proto in protocols[:4]:
+            with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                name = 'nonascii\xff' if proto < 3 else 'nonencodable\udbff'
+                obj = REX('test')
+                obj.__module__ = name
+                mod = types.SimpleNamespace(test=obj)
+                with support.swap_item(sys.modules, name, mod):
+                    with self.assertRaises(pickle.PicklingError) as cm:
+                        self.dumps(obj, proto)
+                    self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception),
+                        f"can't pickle module identifier {name!r} using pickle protocol {proto}")
+                    self.assertIsInstance(cm.exception.__context__, UnicodeEncodeError)
+
+    def test_nested_lookup_error(self):
+        # Nested name does not exist
+        obj = REX('AbstractPickleTests.spam')
+        obj.__module__ = __name__
+        for proto in protocols:
+            with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                with self.assertRaises(pickle.PicklingError) as cm:
+                    self.dumps(obj, proto)
+                self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception),
+                    f"Can't pickle {obj!r}: "
+                    f"it's not found as {__name__}.AbstractPickleTests.spam")
+                self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception.__context__),
+                    "type object 'AbstractPickleTests' has no attribute 'spam'")
+
+        obj.__module__ = None
+        for proto in protocols:
+            with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                with self.assertRaises(pickle.PicklingError) as cm:
+                    self.dumps(obj, proto)
+                self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception),
+                    f"Can't pickle {obj!r}: it's not found as __main__.AbstractPickleTests.spam")
+                self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception.__context__),
+                    "module '__main__' has no attribute 'AbstractPickleTests'")
+
+    def test_wrong_object_lookup_error(self):
+        # Name is bound to different object
+        obj = REX('AbstractPickleTests')
+        obj.__module__ = __name__
+        AbstractPickleTests.ham = []
+        for proto in protocols:
+            with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                with self.assertRaises(pickle.PicklingError) as cm:
+                    self.dumps(obj, proto)
+                self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception),
+                    f"Can't pickle {obj!r}: it's not the same object as {__name__}.AbstractPickleTests")
+                self.assertIsNone(cm.exception.__context__)
+
+        obj.__module__ = None
+        for proto in protocols:
+            with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                with self.assertRaises(pickle.PicklingError) as cm:
+                    self.dumps(obj, proto)
+                self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception),
+                    f"Can't pickle {obj!r}: it's not found as __main__.AbstractPickleTests")
+                self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception.__context__),
+                    "module '__main__' has no attribute 'AbstractPickleTests'")
+
+    def test_local_lookup_error(self):
+        # Test that whichmodule() errors out cleanly when looking up
+        # an assumed globally-reachable object fails.
+        def f():
+            pass
+        # Since the function is local, lookup will fail
+        for proto in protocols:
+            with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                with self.assertRaises(pickle.PicklingError) as cm:
+                    self.dumps(f, proto)
+                self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception),
+                    f"Can't pickle local object {f!r}")
+        # Same without a __module__ attribute (exercises a different path
+        # in _pickle.c).
+        del f.__module__
+        for proto in protocols:
+            with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                with self.assertRaises(pickle.PicklingError) as cm:
+                    self.dumps(f, proto)
+                self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception),
+                    f"Can't pickle local object {f!r}")
+        # Yet a different path.
+        f.__name__ = f.__qualname__
+        for proto in protocols:
+            with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                with self.assertRaises(pickle.PicklingError) as cm:
+                    self.dumps(f, proto)
+                self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception),
+                    f"Can't pickle local object {f!r}")
+
+    def test_reduce_ex_None(self):
+        c = REX_None()
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            self.dumps(c)
+
+    def test_reduce_None(self):
+        c = R_None()
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            self.dumps(c)
+
+    @no_tracing
+    def test_bad_getattr(self):
+        # Issue #3514: crash when there is an infinite loop in __getattr__
+        x = BadGetattr()
+        for proto in range(2):
+            with support.infinite_recursion(25):
+                self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, self.dumps, x, proto)
+        for proto in range(2, pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
+            s = self.dumps(x, proto)
+
+    def test_picklebuffer_error(self):
+        # PickleBuffer forbidden with protocol < 5
+        pb = pickle.PickleBuffer(b"foobar")
+        for proto in range(0, 5):
+            with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                with self.assertRaises(pickle.PickleError) as cm:
+                    self.dumps(pb, proto)
+                self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception),
+                    'PickleBuffer can only be pickled with protocol >= 5')
+
+    def test_non_continuous_buffer(self):
+        for proto in protocols[5:]:
+            with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                pb = pickle.PickleBuffer(memoryview(b"foobar")[::2])
+                with self.assertRaises((pickle.PicklingError, BufferError)):
+                    self.dumps(pb, proto)
+
+    def test_buffer_callback_error(self):
+        def buffer_callback(buffers):
+            raise CustomError
+        pb = pickle.PickleBuffer(b"foobar")
+        with self.assertRaises(CustomError):
+            self.dumps(pb, 5, buffer_callback=buffer_callback)
+
+    def test_evil_pickler_mutating_collection(self):
+        # https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/92930
+        global Clearer
+        class Clearer:
+            pass
+
+        def check(collection):
+            class EvilPickler(self.pickler):
+                def persistent_id(self, obj):
+                    if isinstance(obj, Clearer):
+                        collection.clear()
+                    return None
+            pickler = EvilPickler(io.BytesIO(), proto)
+            try:
+                pickler.dump(collection)
+            except RuntimeError as e:
+                expected = "changed size during iteration"
+                self.assertIn(expected, str(e))
+
+        for proto in protocols:
+            check([Clearer()])
+            check([Clearer(), Clearer()])
+            check({Clearer()})
+            check({Clearer(), Clearer()})
+            check({Clearer(): 1})
+            check({Clearer(): 1, Clearer(): 2})
+            check({1: Clearer(), 2: Clearer()})
+
+    @support.cpython_only
+    def test_bad_ext_code(self):
+        # This should never happen in normal circumstances, because the type
+        # and the value of the extension code is checked in copyreg.add_extension().
+        key = (__name__, 'MyList')
+        def check(code, exc):
+            assert key not in copyreg._extension_registry
+            assert code not in copyreg._inverted_registry
+            with (support.swap_item(copyreg._extension_registry, key, code),
+                  support.swap_item(copyreg._inverted_registry, code, key)):
+                for proto in protocols[2:]:
+                    with self.assertRaises(exc):
+                        self.dumps(MyList, proto)
+
+        check(object(), TypeError)
+        check(None, TypeError)
+        check(-1, (RuntimeError, struct.error))
+        check(0, RuntimeError)
+        check(2**31, (RuntimeError, OverflowError, struct.error))
+        check(2**1000, (OverflowError, struct.error))
+        check(-2**1000, (OverflowError, struct.error))
+
 
 class AbstractPickleTests:
     # Subclass must define self.dumps, self.loads.
@@ -1845,6 +2788,25 @@ def test_bytes(self):
                 p = self.dumps(s, proto)
                 self.assert_is_copy(s, self.loads(p))
 
+    def test_bytes_memoization(self):
+        for proto in protocols:
+            for array_type in [bytes, ZeroCopyBytes]:
+                for s in b'', b'xyz', b'xyz'*100:
+                    with self.subTest(proto=proto, array_type=array_type, s=s, independent=False):
+                        b = array_type(s)
+                        p = self.dumps((b, b), proto)
+                        x, y = self.loads(p)
+                        self.assertIs(x, y)
+                        self.assert_is_copy((b, b), (x, y))
+
+                    with self.subTest(proto=proto, array_type=array_type, s=s, independent=True):
+                        b1, b2 = array_type(s), array_type(s)
+                        p = self.dumps((b1, b2), proto)
+                        # Note that (b1, b2) = self.loads(p) might have identical
+                        # components, i.e., b1 is b2, but this is not always the
+                        # case if the content is large (equality still holds).
+                        self.assert_is_copy((b1, b2), self.loads(p))
+
     def test_bytearray(self):
         for proto in protocols:
             for s in b'', b'xyz', b'xyz'*100:
@@ -1864,13 +2826,31 @@ def test_bytearray(self):
                     self.assertNotIn(b'bytearray', p)
                     self.assertTrue(opcode_in_pickle(pickle.BYTEARRAY8, p))
 
-    def test_bytearray_memoization_bug(self):
+    def test_bytearray_memoization(self):
         for proto in protocols:
-            for s in b'', b'xyz', b'xyz'*100:
-                b = bytearray(s)
-                p = self.dumps((b, b), proto)
-                b1, b2 = self.loads(p)
-                self.assertIs(b1, b2)
+            for array_type in [bytearray, ZeroCopyBytearray]:
+                for s in b'', b'xyz', b'xyz'*100:
+                    with self.subTest(proto=proto, array_type=array_type, s=s, independent=False):
+                        b = array_type(s)
+                        p = self.dumps((b, b), proto)
+                        b1, b2 = self.loads(p)
+                        self.assertIs(b1, b2)
+
+                    with self.subTest(proto=proto, array_type=array_type, s=s, independent=True):
+                        b1a, b2a = array_type(s), array_type(s)
+                        # Unlike bytes, equal but independent bytearray objects are
+                        # never identical.
+                        self.assertIsNot(b1a, b2a)
+
+                        p = self.dumps((b1a, b2a), proto)
+                        b1b, b2b = self.loads(p)
+                        self.assertIsNot(b1b, b2b)
+
+                        self.assertIsNot(b1a, b1b)
+                        self.assert_is_copy(b1a, b1b)
+
+                        self.assertIsNot(b2a, b2b)
+                        self.assert_is_copy(b2a, b2b)
 
     def test_ints(self):
         for proto in protocols:
@@ -1915,7 +2895,7 @@ def test_float(self):
                 got = self.loads(pickle)
                 self.assert_is_copy(value, got)
 
-    @run_with_locale('LC_ALL', 'de_DE', 'fr_FR')
+    @run_with_locales('LC_ALL', 'de_DE', 'fr_FR', '')
     def test_float_format(self):
         # make sure that floats are formatted locale independent with proto 0
         self.assertEqual(self.dumps(1.2, 0)[0:3], b'F1.')
@@ -2416,55 +3396,12 @@ def test_reduce_calls_base(self):
             y = self.loads(s)
             self.assertEqual(y._reduce_called, 1)
 
-    def test_reduce_ex_None(self):
-        c = REX_None()
-        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
-            self.dumps(c)
-
-    def test_reduce_None(self):
-        c = R_None()
-        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
-            self.dumps(c)
-
     def test_pickle_setstate_None(self):
         c = C_None_setstate()
         p = self.dumps(c)
         with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
             self.loads(p)
 
-    @no_tracing
-    def test_bad_getattr(self):
-        # Issue #3514: crash when there is an infinite loop in __getattr__
-        x = BadGetattr()
-        for proto in range(2):
-            with support.infinite_recursion(25):
-                self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, self.dumps, x, proto)
-        for proto in range(2, pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
-            s = self.dumps(x, proto)
-
-    def test_reduce_bad_iterator(self):
-        # Issue4176: crash when 4th and 5th items of __reduce__()
-        # are not iterators
-        class C(object):
-            def __reduce__(self):
-                # 4th item is not an iterator
-                return list, (), None, [], None
-        class D(object):
-            def __reduce__(self):
-                # 5th item is not an iterator
-                return dict, (), None, None, []
-
-        # Python implementation is less strict and also accepts iterables.
-        for proto in protocols:
-            try:
-                self.dumps(C(), proto)
-            except pickle.PicklingError:
-                pass
-            try:
-                self.dumps(D(), proto)
-            except pickle.PicklingError:
-                pass
-
     def test_many_puts_and_gets(self):
         # Test that internal data structures correctly deal with lots of
         # puts/gets.
@@ -2781,6 +3718,18 @@ class Recursive:
                 self.assertIs(unpickled, Recursive)
         del Recursive.mod # break reference loop
 
+    def test_recursive_nested_names2(self):
+        global Recursive
+        class Recursive:
+            pass
+        Recursive.ref = Recursive
+        Recursive.__qualname__ = 'Recursive.ref'
+        for proto in range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
+            with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                unpickled = self.loads(self.dumps(Recursive, proto))
+                self.assertIs(unpickled, Recursive)
+        del Recursive.ref # break reference loop
+
     def test_py_methods(self):
         global PyMethodsTest
         class PyMethodsTest:
@@ -2901,27 +3850,6 @@ def test_compat_pickle(self):
                     self.assertIn(('c%s\n%s' % (mod, name)).encode(), pickled)
                     self.assertIs(type(self.loads(pickled)), type(val))
 
-    def test_local_lookup_error(self):
-        # Test that whichmodule() errors out cleanly when looking up
-        # an assumed globally-reachable object fails.
-        def f():
-            pass
-        # Since the function is local, lookup will fail
-        for proto in range(0, pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
-            with self.assertRaises((AttributeError, pickle.PicklingError)):
-                pickletools.dis(self.dumps(f, proto))
-        # Same without a __module__ attribute (exercises a different path
-        # in _pickle.c).
-        del f.__module__
-        for proto in range(0, pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
-            with self.assertRaises((AttributeError, pickle.PicklingError)):
-                pickletools.dis(self.dumps(f, proto))
-        # Yet a different path.
-        f.__name__ = f.__qualname__
-        for proto in range(0, pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
-            with self.assertRaises((AttributeError, pickle.PicklingError)):
-                pickletools.dis(self.dumps(f, proto))
-
     #
     # PEP 574 tests below
     #
@@ -3032,20 +3960,6 @@ def test_oob_buffers_writable_to_readonly(self):
             self.assertIs(type(new), type(obj))
             self.assertEqual(new, obj)
 
-    def test_picklebuffer_error(self):
-        # PickleBuffer forbidden with protocol < 5
-        pb = pickle.PickleBuffer(b"foobar")
-        for proto in range(0, 5):
-            with self.assertRaises(pickle.PickleError):
-                self.dumps(pb, proto)
-
-    def test_buffer_callback_error(self):
-        def buffer_callback(buffers):
-            1/0
-        pb = pickle.PickleBuffer(b"foobar")
-        with self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError):
-            self.dumps(pb, 5, buffer_callback=buffer_callback)
-
     def test_buffers_error(self):
         pb = pickle.PickleBuffer(b"foobar")
         for proto in range(5, pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
@@ -3137,37 +4051,6 @@ def __reduce__(self):
                     expected = "changed size during iteration"
                     self.assertIn(expected, str(e))
 
-    def test_evil_pickler_mutating_collection(self):
-        # https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/92930
-        if not hasattr(self, "pickler"):
-            raise self.skipTest(f"{type(self)} has no associated pickler type")
-
-        global Clearer
-        class Clearer:
-            pass
-
-        def check(collection):
-            class EvilPickler(self.pickler):
-                def persistent_id(self, obj):
-                    if isinstance(obj, Clearer):
-                        collection.clear()
-                    return None
-            pickler = EvilPickler(io.BytesIO(), proto)
-            try:
-                pickler.dump(collection)
-            except RuntimeError as e:
-                expected = "changed size during iteration"
-                self.assertIn(expected, str(e))
-
-        for proto in protocols:
-            check([Clearer()])
-            check([Clearer(), Clearer()])
-            check({Clearer()})
-            check({Clearer(), Clearer()})
-            check({Clearer(): 1})
-            check({Clearer(): 1, Clearer(): 2})
-            check({1: Clearer(), 2: Clearer()})
-
 
 class BigmemPickleTests:
 
@@ -3298,6 +4181,18 @@ def test_huge_str_64b(self, size):
 
 # Test classes for reduce_ex
 
+class R:
+    def __init__(self, reduce=None):
+        self.reduce = reduce
+    def __reduce__(self, proto):
+        return self.reduce
+
+class REX:
+    def __init__(self, reduce_ex=None):
+        self.reduce_ex = reduce_ex
+    def __reduce_ex__(self, proto):
+        return self.reduce_ex
+
 class REX_one(object):
     """No __reduce_ex__ here, but inheriting it from object"""
     _reduce_called = 0
@@ -3388,6 +4283,19 @@ def __getstate__(self):
 
     __setstate__ = None
 
+class CustomError(Exception):
+    pass
+
+class Unpickleable:
+    def __reduce__(self):
+        raise CustomError
+
+UNPICKLEABLE = Unpickleable()
+
+class UnpickleableCallable(Unpickleable):
+    def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        pass
+
 
 # Test classes for newobj
 
@@ -3437,7 +4345,9 @@ class MyIntWithNew2(MyIntWithNew):
 class SlotList(MyList):
     __slots__ = ["foo"]
 
-class SimpleNewObj(int):
+# Ruff "redefined while unused" false positive here due to `global` variables
+# being assigned (and then restored) from within test methods earlier in the file
+class SimpleNewObj(int):  # noqa: F811
     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
         # raise an error, to make sure this isn't called
         raise TypeError("SimpleNewObj.__init__() didn't expect to get called")
@@ -3456,6 +4366,12 @@ class BadGetattr:
     def __getattr__(self, key):
         self.foo
 
+class NoNew:
+    def __getattribute__(self, name):
+        if name == '__new__':
+            raise AttributeError
+        return super().__getattribute__(name)
+
 
 class AbstractPickleModuleTests:
 
@@ -3528,7 +4444,7 @@ def raises_oserror(self, *args, **kwargs):
             raise OSError
         @property
         def bad_property(self):
-            1/0
+            raise CustomError
 
         # File without read and readline
         class F:
@@ -3549,23 +4465,23 @@ class F:
         class F:
             read = bad_property
             readline = raises_oserror
-        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, self.Unpickler, F())
+        self.assertRaises(CustomError, self.Unpickler, F())
 
         # File with bad readline
         class F:
             readline = bad_property
             read = raises_oserror
-        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, self.Unpickler, F())
+        self.assertRaises(CustomError, self.Unpickler, F())
 
         # File with bad readline, no read
         class F:
             readline = bad_property
-        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, self.Unpickler, F())
+        self.assertRaises(CustomError, self.Unpickler, F())
 
         # File with bad read, no readline
         class F:
             read = bad_property
-        self.assertRaises((AttributeError, ZeroDivisionError), self.Unpickler, F())
+        self.assertRaises((AttributeError, CustomError), self.Unpickler, F())
 
         # File with bad peek
         class F:
@@ -3574,7 +4490,7 @@ class F:
             readline = raises_oserror
         try:
             self.Unpickler(F())
-        except ZeroDivisionError:
+        except CustomError:
             pass
 
         # File with bad readinto
@@ -3584,7 +4500,7 @@ class F:
             readline = raises_oserror
         try:
             self.Unpickler(F())
-        except ZeroDivisionError:
+        except CustomError:
             pass
 
     def test_pickler_bad_file(self):
@@ -3597,8 +4513,8 @@ class F:
         class F:
             @property
             def write(self):
-                1/0
-        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, self.Pickler, F())
+                raise CustomError
+        self.assertRaises(CustomError, self.Pickler, F())
 
     def check_dumps_loads_oob_buffers(self, dumps, loads):
         # No need to do the full gamut of tests here, just enough to
@@ -3706,9 +4622,15 @@ def test_return_correct_type(self):
 
     def test_protocol0_is_ascii_only(self):
         non_ascii_str = "\N{EMPTY SET}"
-        self.assertRaises(pickle.PicklingError, self.dumps, non_ascii_str, 0)
+        with self.assertRaises(pickle.PicklingError) as cm:
+            self.dumps(non_ascii_str, 0)
+        self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception),
+                         'persistent IDs in protocol 0 must be ASCII strings')
         pickled = pickle.PERSID + non_ascii_str.encode('utf-8') + b'\n.'
-        self.assertRaises(pickle.UnpicklingError, self.loads, pickled)
+        with self.assertRaises(pickle.UnpicklingError) as cm:
+            self.loads(pickled)
+        self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception),
+                         'persistent IDs in protocol 0 must be ASCII strings')
 
 
 class AbstractPicklerUnpicklerObjectTests:
@@ -3978,8 +4900,11 @@ class MyClass:
                 # NotImplemented
                 self.assertIs(math_log, math.log)
 
-                with self.assertRaises(pickle.PicklingError):
+                with self.assertRaises(pickle.PicklingError) as cm:
                     p.dump(g)
+                self.assertRegex(str(cm.exception),
+                    r'(__reduce__|<bound method .*reducer_override.*>)'
+                    r' must return (a )?string or tuple')
 
                 with self.assertRaisesRegex(
                         ValueError, 'The reducer just failed'):
diff --git a/Lib/test/pyclbr_input.py b/Lib/test/pyclbr_input.py
index 19ccd62dead8ee..5535edbfa7795b 100644
--- a/Lib/test/pyclbr_input.py
+++ b/Lib/test/pyclbr_input.py
@@ -12,17 +12,19 @@ class B (object):
     def bm(self): pass
 
 class C (B):
-    foo = Other().foo
-    om = Other.om
-
     d = 10
 
-    # XXX: This causes test_pyclbr.py to fail, but only because the
-    #      introspection-based is_method() code in the test can't
-    #      distinguish between this and a genuine method function like m().
-    #      The pyclbr.py module gets this right as it parses the text.
+    # This one is correctly considered by both test_pyclbr.py and pyclbr.py
+    # as a non-method of C.
+    foo = Other().foo
+
+    # This causes test_pyclbr.py to fail, but only because the
+    # introspection-based is_method() code in the test can't
+    # distinguish between this and a genuine method function like m().
     #
-    #f = f
+    # The pyclbr.py module gets this right as it parses the text.
+    om = Other.om
+    f = f
 
     def m(self): pass
 
@@ -31,3 +33,53 @@ def sm(self): pass
 
     @classmethod
     def cm(self): pass
+
+# Check that mangling is correctly handled
+
+class a:
+    def a(self): pass
+    def _(self): pass
+    def _a(self): pass
+    def __(self): pass
+    def ___(self): pass
+    def __a(self): pass
+
+class _:
+    def a(self): pass
+    def _(self): pass
+    def _a(self): pass
+    def __(self): pass
+    def ___(self): pass
+    def __a(self): pass
+
+class __:
+    def a(self): pass
+    def _(self): pass
+    def _a(self): pass
+    def __(self): pass
+    def ___(self): pass
+    def __a(self): pass
+
+class ___:
+    def a(self): pass
+    def _(self): pass
+    def _a(self): pass
+    def __(self): pass
+    def ___(self): pass
+    def __a(self): pass
+
+class _a:
+    def a(self): pass
+    def _(self): pass
+    def _a(self): pass
+    def __(self): pass
+    def ___(self): pass
+    def __a(self): pass
+
+class __a:
+    def a(self): pass
+    def _(self): pass
+    def _a(self): pass
+    def __(self): pass
+    def ___(self): pass
+    def __a(self): pass
diff --git a/Lib/test/pythoninfo.py b/Lib/test/pythoninfo.py
index d928e002ebda10..0b2e4b1c1988c4 100644
--- a/Lib/test/pythoninfo.py
+++ b/Lib/test/pythoninfo.py
@@ -334,6 +334,7 @@ def format_groups(groups):
         "_PYTHON_HOST_PLATFORM",
         "_PYTHON_PROJECT_BASE",
         "_PYTHON_SYSCONFIGDATA_NAME",
+        "_PYTHON_SYSCONFIGDATA_PATH",
         "__PYVENV_LAUNCHER__",
 
         # Sanitizer options
@@ -553,7 +554,6 @@ def collect_sysconfig(info_add):
     for name in (
         'WITH_DOC_STRINGS',
         'WITH_DTRACE',
-        'WITH_FREELISTS',
         'WITH_MIMALLOC',
         'WITH_PYMALLOC',
         'WITH_VALGRIND',
diff --git a/Lib/test/reperf.py b/Lib/test/reperf.py
deleted file mode 100644
index e93bacdb5843c6..00000000000000
--- a/Lib/test/reperf.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-import re
-import time
-
-def main():
-    s = "\13hello\14 \13world\14 " * 1000
-    p = re.compile(r"([\13\14])")
-    timefunc(10, p.sub, "", s)
-    timefunc(10, p.split, s)
-    timefunc(10, p.findall, s)
-
-def timefunc(n, func, *args, **kw):
-    t0 = time.perf_counter()
-    try:
-        for i in range(n):
-            result = func(*args, **kw)
-        return result
-    finally:
-        t1 = time.perf_counter()
-        if n > 1:
-            print(n, "times", end=' ')
-        print(func.__name__, "%.3f" % (t1-t0), "CPU seconds")
-
-main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/seq_tests.py b/Lib/test/seq_tests.py
index 719c9434a16820..a41970d8f3f55a 100644
--- a/Lib/test/seq_tests.py
+++ b/Lib/test/seq_tests.py
@@ -426,7 +426,6 @@ def test_pickle(self):
             self.assertEqual(lst2, lst)
             self.assertNotEqual(id(lst2), id(lst))
 
-    @support.suppress_immortalization()
     def test_free_after_iterating(self):
         support.check_free_after_iterating(self, iter, self.type2test)
         support.check_free_after_iterating(self, reversed, self.type2test)
diff --git a/Lib/test/string_tests.py b/Lib/test/string_tests.py
index 9bb0ce7bb57f8b..4b82d51b4508ac 100644
--- a/Lib/test/string_tests.py
+++ b/Lib/test/string_tests.py
@@ -1132,8 +1132,8 @@ def test_capitalize_nonascii(self):
         self.checkequal('\u2160\u2171\u2172',
                         '\u2170\u2171\u2172', 'capitalize')
         # check with Ll chars with no upper - nothing changes here
-        self.checkequal('\u019b\u1d00\u1d86\u0221\u1fb7',
-                        '\u019b\u1d00\u1d86\u0221\u1fb7', 'capitalize')
+        self.checkequal('\u1d00\u1d86\u0221\u1fb7',
+                        '\u1d00\u1d86\u0221\u1fb7', 'capitalize')
 
     def test_startswith(self):
         self.checkequal(True, 'hello', 'startswith', 'he')
diff --git a/Lib/test/support/__init__.py b/Lib/test/support/__init__.py
index 4b320b494bb8dd..7c1ef42a4970d7 100644
--- a/Lib/test/support/__init__.py
+++ b/Lib/test/support/__init__.py
@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@
     raise ImportError('support must be imported from the test package')
 
 import contextlib
-import dataclasses
 import functools
+import inspect
 import _opcode
 import os
 import re
@@ -59,7 +59,9 @@
     "Py_DEBUG", "exceeds_recursion_limit", "get_c_recursion_limit",
     "skip_on_s390x",
     "without_optimizer",
-    "force_not_colorized"
+    "force_not_colorized",
+    "BrokenIter",
+    "in_systemd_nspawn_sync_suppressed",
     ]
 
 
@@ -251,22 +253,16 @@ class USEROBJECTFLAGS(ctypes.Structure):
         # process not running under the same user id as the current console
         # user.  To avoid that, raise an exception if the window manager
         # connection is not available.
-        from ctypes import cdll, c_int, pointer, Structure
-        from ctypes.util import find_library
-
-        app_services = cdll.LoadLibrary(find_library("ApplicationServices"))
-
-        if app_services.CGMainDisplayID() == 0:
-            reason = "gui tests cannot run without OS X window manager"
+        import subprocess
+        try:
+            rc = subprocess.run(["launchctl", "managername"],
+                                capture_output=True, check=True)
+            managername = rc.stdout.decode("utf-8").strip()
+        except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
+            reason = "unable to detect macOS launchd job manager"
         else:
-            class ProcessSerialNumber(Structure):
-                _fields_ = [("highLongOfPSN", c_int),
-                            ("lowLongOfPSN", c_int)]
-            psn = ProcessSerialNumber()
-            psn_p = pointer(psn)
-            if (  (app_services.GetCurrentProcess(psn_p) < 0) or
-                  (app_services.SetFrontProcess(psn_p) < 0) ):
-                reason = "cannot run without OS X gui process"
+            if managername != "Aqua":
+                reason = f"{managername=} -- can only run in a macOS GUI session"
 
     # check on every platform whether tkinter can actually do anything
     if not reason:
@@ -388,7 +384,7 @@ def skip_if_buildbot(reason=None):
         reason = 'not suitable for buildbots'
     try:
         isbuildbot = getpass.getuser().lower() == 'buildbot'
-    except (KeyError, EnvironmentError) as err:
+    except (KeyError, OSError) as err:
         warnings.warn(f'getpass.getuser() failed {err}.', RuntimeWarning)
         isbuildbot = False
     return unittest.skipIf(isbuildbot, reason)
@@ -516,33 +512,6 @@ def has_no_debug_ranges():
 def requires_debug_ranges(reason='requires co_positions / debug_ranges'):
     return unittest.skipIf(has_no_debug_ranges(), reason)
 
-@contextlib.contextmanager
-def suppress_immortalization(suppress=True):
-    """Suppress immortalization of deferred objects."""
-    try:
-        import _testinternalcapi
-    except ImportError:
-        yield
-        return
-
-    if not suppress:
-        yield
-        return
-
-    _testinternalcapi.suppress_immortalization(True)
-    try:
-        yield
-    finally:
-        _testinternalcapi.suppress_immortalization(False)
-
-def skip_if_suppress_immortalization():
-    try:
-        import _testinternalcapi
-    except ImportError:
-        return
-    return unittest.skipUnless(_testinternalcapi.get_immortalize_deferred(),
-                                "requires immortalization of deferred objects")
-
 
 MS_WINDOWS = (sys.platform == 'win32')
 
@@ -551,6 +520,11 @@ def skip_if_suppress_immortalization():
 
 is_android = sys.platform == "android"
 
+def skip_android_selinux(name):
+    return unittest.skipIf(
+        sys.platform == "android", f"Android blocks {name} with SELinux"
+    )
+
 if sys.platform not in {"win32", "vxworks", "ios", "tvos", "watchos"}:
     unix_shell = '/system/bin/sh' if is_android else '/bin/sh'
 else:
@@ -865,6 +839,15 @@ def check_cflags_pgo():
     return any(option in cflags_nodist for option in pgo_options)
 
 
+def check_bolt_optimized():
+    # Always return false, if the platform is WASI,
+    # because BOLT optimization does not support WASM binary.
+    if is_wasi:
+        return False
+    config_args = sysconfig.get_config_var('CONFIG_ARGS') or ''
+    return '--enable-bolt' in config_args
+
+
 Py_GIL_DISABLED = bool(sysconfig.get_config_var('Py_GIL_DISABLED'))
 
 def requires_gil_enabled(msg="needs the GIL enabled"):
@@ -893,8 +876,16 @@ def calcvobjsize(fmt):
     return struct.calcsize(_vheader + fmt + _align)
 
 
-_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC = 1<<14
+_TPFLAGS_STATIC_BUILTIN = 1<<1
+_TPFLAGS_DISALLOW_INSTANTIATION = 1<<7
+_TPFLAGS_IMMUTABLETYPE = 1<<8
 _TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE = 1<<9
+_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE = 1<<10
+_TPFLAGS_READY = 1<<12
+_TPFLAGS_READYING = 1<<13
+_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC = 1<<14
+_TPFLAGS_BASE_EXC_SUBCLASS = 1<<30
+_TPFLAGS_TYPE_SUBCLASS = 1<<31
 
 def check_sizeof(test, o, size):
     try:
@@ -911,8 +902,8 @@ def check_sizeof(test, o, size):
     test.assertEqual(result, size, msg)
 
 #=======================================================================
-# Decorator for running a function in a different locale, correctly resetting
-# it afterwards.
+# Decorator/context manager for running a code in a different locale,
+# correctly resetting it afterwards.
 
 @contextlib.contextmanager
 def run_with_locale(catstr, *locales):
@@ -923,16 +914,21 @@ def run_with_locale(catstr, *locales):
     except AttributeError:
         # if the test author gives us an invalid category string
         raise
-    except:
+    except Exception:
         # cannot retrieve original locale, so do nothing
         locale = orig_locale = None
+        if '' not in locales:
+            raise unittest.SkipTest('no locales')
     else:
         for loc in locales:
             try:
                 locale.setlocale(category, loc)
                 break
-            except:
+            except locale.Error:
                 pass
+        else:
+            if '' not in locales:
+                raise unittest.SkipTest(f'no locales {locales}')
 
     try:
         yield
@@ -940,6 +936,46 @@ def run_with_locale(catstr, *locales):
         if locale and orig_locale:
             locale.setlocale(category, orig_locale)
 
+#=======================================================================
+# Decorator for running a function in multiple locales (if they are
+# availasble) and resetting the original locale afterwards.
+
+def run_with_locales(catstr, *locales):
+    def deco(func):
+        @functools.wraps(func)
+        def wrapper(self, /, *args, **kwargs):
+            dry_run = '' in locales
+            try:
+                import locale
+                category = getattr(locale, catstr)
+                orig_locale = locale.setlocale(category)
+            except AttributeError:
+                # if the test author gives us an invalid category string
+                raise
+            except Exception:
+                # cannot retrieve original locale, so do nothing
+                pass
+            else:
+                try:
+                    for loc in locales:
+                        with self.subTest(locale=loc):
+                            try:
+                                locale.setlocale(category, loc)
+                            except locale.Error:
+                                self.skipTest(f'no locale {loc!r}')
+                            else:
+                                dry_run = False
+                                func(self, *args, **kwargs)
+                finally:
+                    locale.setlocale(category, orig_locale)
+            if dry_run:
+                # no locales available, so just run the test
+                # with the current locale
+                with self.subTest(locale=None):
+                    func(self, *args, **kwargs)
+        return wrapper
+    return deco
+
 #=======================================================================
 # Decorator for running a function in a specific timezone, correctly
 # resetting it afterwards.
@@ -1197,6 +1233,7 @@ def no_rerun(reason):
     test using the 'reason' parameter.
     """
     def deco(func):
+        assert not isinstance(func, type), func
         _has_run = False
         def wrapper(self):
             nonlocal _has_run
@@ -1221,8 +1258,8 @@ def refcount_test(test):
 
 def requires_limited_api(test):
     try:
-        import _testcapi
-        import _testlimitedcapi
+        import _testcapi  # noqa: F401
+        import _testlimitedcapi  # noqa: F401
     except ImportError:
         return unittest.skip('needs _testcapi and _testlimitedcapi modules')(test)
     return test
@@ -1807,7 +1844,7 @@ def run_in_subinterp_with_config(code, *, own_gil=None, **config):
             config['gil'] = 'shared'
         elif gil == 2:
             config['gil'] = 'own'
-        else:
+        elif not isinstance(gil, str):
             raise NotImplementedError(gil)
     config = types.SimpleNamespace(**config)
     return _testinternalcapi.run_in_subinterp_with_config(code, config)
@@ -2189,7 +2226,15 @@ def skip_if_broken_multiprocessing_synchronize():
             # bpo-38377: On Linux, creating a semaphore fails with OSError
             # if the current user does not have the permission to create
             # a file in /dev/shm/ directory.
-            synchronize.Lock(ctx=None)
+            import multiprocessing
+            synchronize.Lock(ctx=multiprocessing.get_context('fork'))
+            # The explicit fork mp context is required in order for
+            # TestResourceTracker.test_resource_tracker_reused to work.
+            # synchronize creates a new multiprocessing.resource_tracker
+            # process at module import time via the above call in that
+            # scenario. Awkward. This enables gh-84559. No code involved
+            # should have threads at that point so fork() should be safe.
+
         except OSError as exc:
             raise unittest.SkipTest(f"broken multiprocessing SemLock: {exc!r}")
 
@@ -2299,7 +2344,7 @@ def clear_ignored_deprecations(*tokens: object) -> None:
 def requires_venv_with_pip():
     # ensurepip requires zlib to open ZIP archives (.whl binary wheel packages)
     try:
-        import zlib
+        import zlib  # noqa: F401
     except ImportError:
         return unittest.skipIf(True, "venv: ensurepip requires zlib")
 
@@ -2558,9 +2603,9 @@ def exceeds_recursion_limit():
     return get_c_recursion_limit() * 3
 
 
-#Windows doesn't have os.uname() but it doesn't support s390x.
-skip_on_s390x = unittest.skipIf(hasattr(os, 'uname') and os.uname().machine == 's390x',
-                                'skipped on s390x')
+# Windows doesn't have os.uname() but it doesn't support s390x.
+is_s390x = hasattr(os, 'uname') and os.uname().machine == 's390x'
+skip_on_s390x = unittest.skipIf(is_s390x, 'skipped on s390x')
 
 Py_TRACE_REFS = hasattr(sys, 'getobjects')
 
@@ -2608,21 +2653,282 @@ def copy_python_src_ignore(path, names):
     return ignored
 
 
+# XXX Move this to the inspect module?
+def walk_class_hierarchy(top, *, topdown=True):
+    # This is based on the logic in os.walk().
+    assert isinstance(top, type), repr(top)
+    stack = [top]
+    while stack:
+        top = stack.pop()
+        if isinstance(top, tuple):
+            yield top
+            continue
+
+        subs = type(top).__subclasses__(top)
+        if topdown:
+            # Yield before subclass traversal if going top down.
+            yield top, subs
+            # Traverse into subclasses.
+            for sub in reversed(subs):
+                stack.append(sub)
+        else:
+            # Yield after subclass traversal if going bottom up.
+            stack.append((top, subs))
+            # Traverse into subclasses.
+            for sub in reversed(subs):
+                stack.append(sub)
+
+
+def iter_builtin_types():
+    # First try the explicit route.
+    try:
+        import _testinternalcapi
+    except ImportError:
+        _testinternalcapi = None
+    if _testinternalcapi is not None:
+        yield from _testinternalcapi.get_static_builtin_types()
+        return
+
+    # Fall back to making a best-effort guess.
+    if hasattr(object, '__flags__'):
+        # Look for any type object with the Py_TPFLAGS_STATIC_BUILTIN flag set.
+        import datetime
+        seen = set()
+        for cls, subs in walk_class_hierarchy(object):
+            if cls in seen:
+                continue
+            seen.add(cls)
+            if not (cls.__flags__ & _TPFLAGS_STATIC_BUILTIN):
+                # Do not walk its subclasses.
+                subs[:] = []
+                continue
+            yield cls
+    else:
+        # Fall back to a naive approach.
+        seen = set()
+        for obj in __builtins__.values():
+            if not isinstance(obj, type):
+                continue
+            cls = obj
+            # XXX?
+            if cls.__module__ != 'builtins':
+                continue
+            if cls == ExceptionGroup:
+                # It's a heap type.
+                continue
+            if cls in seen:
+                continue
+            seen.add(cls)
+            yield cls
+
+
+# XXX Move this to the inspect module?
+def iter_name_in_mro(cls, name):
+    """Yield matching items found in base.__dict__ across the MRO.
+
+    The descriptor protocol is not invoked.
+
+    list(iter_name_in_mro(cls, name))[0] is roughly equivalent to
+    find_name_in_mro() in Objects/typeobject.c (AKA PyType_Lookup()).
+
+    inspect.getattr_static() is similar.
+    """
+    # This can fail if "cls" is weird.
+    for base in inspect._static_getmro(cls):
+        # This can fail if "base" is weird.
+        ns = inspect._get_dunder_dict_of_class(base)
+        try:
+            obj = ns[name]
+        except KeyError:
+            continue
+        yield obj, base
+
+
+# XXX Move this to the inspect module?
+def find_name_in_mro(cls, name, default=inspect._sentinel):
+    for res in iter_name_in_mro(cls, name):
+        # Return the first one.
+        return res
+    if default is not inspect._sentinel:
+        return default, None
+    raise AttributeError(name)
+
+
+# XXX The return value should always be exactly the same...
+def identify_type_slot_wrappers():
+    try:
+        import _testinternalcapi
+    except ImportError:
+        _testinternalcapi = None
+    if _testinternalcapi is not None:
+        names = {n: None for n in _testinternalcapi.identify_type_slot_wrappers()}
+        return list(names)
+    else:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+def iter_slot_wrappers(cls):
+    def is_slot_wrapper(name, value):
+        if not isinstance(value, types.WrapperDescriptorType):
+            assert not repr(value).startswith('<slot wrapper '), (cls, name, value)
+            return False
+        assert repr(value).startswith('<slot wrapper '), (cls, name, value)
+        assert callable(value), (cls, name, value)
+        assert name.startswith('__') and name.endswith('__'), (cls, name, value)
+        return True
+
+    try:
+        attrs = identify_type_slot_wrappers()
+    except NotImplementedError:
+        attrs = None
+    if attrs is not None:
+        for attr in sorted(attrs):
+            obj, base = find_name_in_mro(cls, attr, None)
+            if obj is not None and is_slot_wrapper(attr, obj):
+                yield attr, base is cls
+        return
+
+    # Fall back to a naive best-effort approach.
+
+    ns = vars(cls)
+    unused = set(ns)
+    for name in dir(cls):
+        if name in ns:
+            unused.remove(name)
+
+        try:
+            value = getattr(cls, name)
+        except AttributeError:
+            # It's as though it weren't in __dir__.
+            assert name in ('__annotate__', '__annotations__', '__abstractmethods__'), (cls, name)
+            if name in ns and is_slot_wrapper(name, ns[name]):
+                unused.add(name)
+            continue
+
+        if not name.startswith('__') or not name.endswith('__'):
+            assert not is_slot_wrapper(name, value), (cls, name, value)
+        if not is_slot_wrapper(name, value):
+            if name in ns:
+                assert not is_slot_wrapper(name, ns[name]), (cls, name, value, ns[name])
+        else:
+            if name in ns:
+                assert ns[name] is value, (cls, name, value, ns[name])
+                yield name, True
+            else:
+                yield name, False
+
+    for name in unused:
+        value = ns[name]
+        if is_slot_wrapper(cls, name, value):
+            yield name, True
+
+
 def force_not_colorized(func):
     """Force the terminal not to be colorized."""
     @functools.wraps(func)
     def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
         import _colorize
         original_fn = _colorize.can_colorize
-        variables = {"PYTHON_COLORS": None, "FORCE_COLOR": None}
+        variables: dict[str, str | None] = {
+            "PYTHON_COLORS": None, "FORCE_COLOR": None, "NO_COLOR": None
+        }
         try:
             for key in variables:
                 variables[key] = os.environ.pop(key, None)
+            os.environ["NO_COLOR"] = "1"
             _colorize.can_colorize = lambda: False
             return func(*args, **kwargs)
         finally:
             _colorize.can_colorize = original_fn
+            del os.environ["NO_COLOR"]
             for key, value in variables.items():
                 if value is not None:
                     os.environ[key] = value
     return wrapper
+
+
+def initialized_with_pyrepl():
+    """Detect whether PyREPL was used during Python initialization."""
+    # If the main module has a __file__ attribute it's a Python module, which means PyREPL.
+    return hasattr(sys.modules["__main__"], "__file__")
+
+
+WINDOWS_STATUS = {
+    0xC0000005: "STATUS_ACCESS_VIOLATION",
+    0xC00000FD: "STATUS_STACK_OVERFLOW",
+    0xC000013A: "STATUS_CONTROL_C_EXIT",
+}
+
+def get_signal_name(exitcode):
+    import signal
+
+    if exitcode < 0:
+        signum = -exitcode
+        try:
+            return signal.Signals(signum).name
+        except ValueError:
+            pass
+
+    # Shell exit code (ex: WASI build)
+    if 128 < exitcode < 256:
+        signum = exitcode - 128
+        try:
+            return signal.Signals(signum).name
+        except ValueError:
+            pass
+
+    try:
+        return WINDOWS_STATUS[exitcode]
+    except KeyError:
+        pass
+
+    return None
+
+class BrokenIter:
+    def __init__(self, init_raises=False, next_raises=False, iter_raises=False):
+        if init_raises:
+            1/0
+        self.next_raises = next_raises
+        self.iter_raises = iter_raises
+
+    def __next__(self):
+        if self.next_raises:
+            1/0
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        if self.iter_raises:
+            1/0
+        return self
+
+
+def in_systemd_nspawn_sync_suppressed() -> bool:
+    """
+    Test whether the test suite is runing in systemd-nspawn
+    with ``--suppress-sync=true``.
+
+    This can be used to skip tests that rely on ``fsync()`` calls
+    and similar not being intercepted.
+    """
+
+    if not hasattr(os, "O_SYNC"):
+        return False
+
+    try:
+        with open("/run/systemd/container", "rb") as fp:
+            if fp.read().rstrip() != b"systemd-nspawn":
+                return False
+    except FileNotFoundError:
+        return False
+
+    # If systemd-nspawn is used, O_SYNC flag will immediately
+    # trigger EINVAL.  Otherwise, ENOENT will be given instead.
+    import errno
+    try:
+        fd = os.open(__file__, os.O_RDONLY | os.O_SYNC)
+    except OSError as err:
+        if err.errno == errno.EINVAL:
+            return True
+    else:
+        os.close(fd)
+
+    return False
diff --git a/Lib/test/support/asynchat.py b/Lib/test/support/asynchat.py
index 38c47a1fda683e..a8c6b28a9e1a91 100644
--- a/Lib/test/support/asynchat.py
+++ b/Lib/test/support/asynchat.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # TODO: This module was deprecated and removed from CPython 3.12
-# Now it is a test-only helper. Any attempts to rewrite exising tests that
+# Now it is a test-only helper. Any attempts to rewrite existing tests that
 # are using this module and remove it completely are appreciated!
 # See: https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/72719
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/support/asyncore.py b/Lib/test/support/asyncore.py
index b397aca5568079..870e42837640de 100644
--- a/Lib/test/support/asyncore.py
+++ b/Lib/test/support/asyncore.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # TODO: This module was deprecated and removed from CPython 3.12
-# Now it is a test-only helper. Any attempts to rewrite exising tests that
+# Now it is a test-only helper. Any attempts to rewrite existing tests that
 # are using this module and remove it completely are appreciated!
 # See: https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/72719
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/support/bytecode_helper.py b/Lib/test/support/bytecode_helper.py
index 85bcd1f0f1cd4f..f6426c3e285b2d 100644
--- a/Lib/test/support/bytecode_helper.py
+++ b/Lib/test/support/bytecode_helper.py
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ class Label:
 
     def assertInstructionsMatch(self, actual_seq, expected):
         # get an InstructionSequence and an expected list, where each
-        # entry is a label or an instruction tuple. Construct an expcted
+        # entry is a label or an instruction tuple. Construct an expected
         # instruction sequence and compare with the one given.
 
         self.assertIsInstance(expected, list)
diff --git a/Lib/test/support/import_helper.py b/Lib/test/support/import_helper.py
index edcd2b9a35bbd9..2b91bdcf9cd859 100644
--- a/Lib/test/support/import_helper.py
+++ b/Lib/test/support/import_helper.py
@@ -58,8 +58,8 @@ def make_legacy_pyc(source):
     :return: The file system path to the legacy pyc file.
     """
     pyc_file = importlib.util.cache_from_source(source)
-    up_one = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(source))
-    legacy_pyc = os.path.join(up_one, source + 'c')
+    assert source.endswith('.py')
+    legacy_pyc = source + 'c'
     shutil.move(pyc_file, legacy_pyc)
     return legacy_pyc
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/support/interpreters/_crossinterp.py b/Lib/test/support/interpreters/_crossinterp.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..544e197ba4c028
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/support/interpreters/_crossinterp.py
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+"""Common code between queues and channels."""
+
+
+class ItemInterpreterDestroyed(Exception):
+    """Raised when trying to get an item whose interpreter was destroyed."""
+
+
+class classonly:
+    """A non-data descriptor that makes a value only visible on the class.
+
+    This is like the "classmethod" builtin, but does not show up on
+    instances of the class.  It may be used as a decorator.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, value):
+        self.value = value
+        self.getter = classmethod(value).__get__
+        self.name = None
+
+    def __set_name__(self, cls, name):
+        if self.name is not None:
+            raise TypeError('already used')
+        self.name = name
+
+    def __get__(self, obj, cls):
+        if obj is not None:
+            raise AttributeError(self.name)
+        # called on the class
+        return self.getter(None, cls)
+
+
+class UnboundItem:
+    """Represents a cross-interpreter item no longer bound to an interpreter.
+
+    An item is unbound when the interpreter that added it to the
+    cross-interpreter container is destroyed.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+    @classonly
+    def singleton(cls, kind, module, name='UNBOUND'):
+        doc = cls.__doc__.replace('cross-interpreter container', kind)
+        doc = doc.replace('cross-interpreter', kind)
+        subclass = type(
+            f'Unbound{kind.capitalize()}Item',
+            (cls,),
+            dict(
+                _MODULE=module,
+                _NAME=name,
+                __doc__=doc,
+            ),
+        )
+        return object.__new__(subclass)
+
+    _MODULE = __name__
+    _NAME = 'UNBOUND'
+
+    def __new__(cls):
+        raise Exception(f'use {cls._MODULE}.{cls._NAME}')
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return f'{self._MODULE}.{self._NAME}'
+#        return f'interpreters.queues.UNBOUND'
+
+
+UNBOUND = object.__new__(UnboundItem)
+UNBOUND_ERROR = object()
+UNBOUND_REMOVE = object()
+
+_UNBOUND_CONSTANT_TO_FLAG = {
+    UNBOUND_REMOVE: 1,
+    UNBOUND_ERROR: 2,
+    UNBOUND: 3,
+}
+_UNBOUND_FLAG_TO_CONSTANT = {v: k
+                             for k, v in _UNBOUND_CONSTANT_TO_FLAG.items()}
+
+
+def serialize_unbound(unbound):
+    op = unbound
+    try:
+        flag = _UNBOUND_CONSTANT_TO_FLAG[op]
+    except KeyError:
+        raise NotImplementedError(f'unsupported unbound replacement op {op!r}')
+    return flag,
+
+
+def resolve_unbound(flag, exctype_destroyed):
+    try:
+        op = _UNBOUND_FLAG_TO_CONSTANT[flag]
+    except KeyError:
+        raise NotImplementedError(f'unsupported unbound replacement op {flag!r}')
+    if op is UNBOUND_REMOVE:
+        # "remove" not possible here
+        raise NotImplementedError
+    elif op is UNBOUND_ERROR:
+        raise exctype_destroyed("item's original interpreter destroyed")
+    elif op is UNBOUND:
+        return UNBOUND
+    else:
+        raise NotImplementedError(repr(op))
diff --git a/Lib/test/support/interpreters/channels.py b/Lib/test/support/interpreters/channels.py
index fbae7e634cf34d..d2bd93d77f7169 100644
--- a/Lib/test/support/interpreters/channels.py
+++ b/Lib/test/support/interpreters/channels.py
@@ -2,35 +2,68 @@
 
 import time
 import _interpchannels as _channels
+from . import _crossinterp
 
 # aliases:
 from _interpchannels import (
     ChannelError, ChannelNotFoundError, ChannelClosedError,
     ChannelEmptyError, ChannelNotEmptyError,
 )
+from ._crossinterp import (
+    UNBOUND_ERROR, UNBOUND_REMOVE,
+)
 
 
 __all__ = [
+    'UNBOUND', 'UNBOUND_ERROR', 'UNBOUND_REMOVE',
     'create', 'list_all',
     'SendChannel', 'RecvChannel',
     'ChannelError', 'ChannelNotFoundError', 'ChannelEmptyError',
+    'ItemInterpreterDestroyed',
 ]
 
 
-def create():
+class ItemInterpreterDestroyed(ChannelError,
+                               _crossinterp.ItemInterpreterDestroyed):
+    """Raised from get() and get_nowait()."""
+
+
+UNBOUND = _crossinterp.UnboundItem.singleton('queue', __name__)
+
+
+def _serialize_unbound(unbound):
+    if unbound is UNBOUND:
+        unbound = _crossinterp.UNBOUND
+    return _crossinterp.serialize_unbound(unbound)
+
+
+def _resolve_unbound(flag):
+    resolved = _crossinterp.resolve_unbound(flag, ItemInterpreterDestroyed)
+    if resolved is _crossinterp.UNBOUND:
+        resolved = UNBOUND
+    return resolved
+
+
+def create(*, unbounditems=UNBOUND):
     """Return (recv, send) for a new cross-interpreter channel.
 
     The channel may be used to pass data safely between interpreters.
+
+    "unbounditems" sets the default for the send end of the channel.
+    See SendChannel.send() for supported values.  The default value
+    is UNBOUND, which replaces the unbound item when received.
     """
-    cid = _channels.create()
-    recv, send = RecvChannel(cid), SendChannel(cid)
+    unbound = _serialize_unbound(unbounditems)
+    unboundop, = unbound
+    cid = _channels.create(unboundop)
+    recv, send = RecvChannel(cid), SendChannel(cid, _unbound=unbound)
     return recv, send
 
 
 def list_all():
     """Return a list of (recv, send) for all open channels."""
-    return [(RecvChannel(cid), SendChannel(cid))
-            for cid in _channels.list_all()]
+    return [(RecvChannel(cid), SendChannel(cid, _unbound=unbound))
+            for cid, unbound in _channels.list_all()]
 
 
 class _ChannelEnd:
@@ -106,12 +139,15 @@ def recv(self, timeout=None, *,
             if timeout < 0:
                 raise ValueError(f'timeout value must be non-negative')
             end = time.time() + timeout
-        obj = _channels.recv(self._id, _sentinel)
+        obj, unboundop = _channels.recv(self._id, _sentinel)
         while obj is _sentinel:
             time.sleep(_delay)
             if timeout is not None and time.time() >= end:
                 raise TimeoutError
-            obj = _channels.recv(self._id, _sentinel)
+            obj, unboundop = _channels.recv(self._id, _sentinel)
+        if unboundop is not None:
+            assert obj is None, repr(obj)
+            return _resolve_unbound(unboundop)
         return obj
 
     def recv_nowait(self, default=_NOT_SET):
@@ -122,9 +158,13 @@ def recv_nowait(self, default=_NOT_SET):
         is the same as recv().
         """
         if default is _NOT_SET:
-            return _channels.recv(self._id)
+            obj, unboundop = _channels.recv(self._id)
         else:
-            return _channels.recv(self._id, default)
+            obj, unboundop = _channels.recv(self._id, default)
+        if unboundop is not None:
+            assert obj is None, repr(obj)
+            return _resolve_unbound(unboundop)
+        return obj
 
     def close(self):
         _channels.close(self._id, recv=True)
@@ -135,43 +175,79 @@ class SendChannel(_ChannelEnd):
 
     _end = 'send'
 
+    def __new__(cls, cid, *, _unbound=None):
+        if _unbound is None:
+            try:
+                op = _channels.get_channel_defaults(cid)
+                _unbound = (op,)
+            except ChannelNotFoundError:
+                _unbound = _serialize_unbound(UNBOUND)
+        self = super().__new__(cls, cid)
+        self._unbound = _unbound
+        return self
+
     @property
     def is_closed(self):
         info = self._info
         return info.closed or info.closing
 
-    def send(self, obj, timeout=None):
+    def send(self, obj, timeout=None, *,
+             unbound=None,
+             ):
         """Send the object (i.e. its data) to the channel's receiving end.
 
         This blocks until the object is received.
         """
-        _channels.send(self._id, obj, timeout=timeout, blocking=True)
+        if unbound is None:
+            unboundop, = self._unbound
+        else:
+            unboundop, = _serialize_unbound(unbound)
+        _channels.send(self._id, obj, unboundop, timeout=timeout, blocking=True)
 
-    def send_nowait(self, obj):
+    def send_nowait(self, obj, *,
+                    unbound=None,
+                    ):
         """Send the object to the channel's receiving end.
 
         If the object is immediately received then return True
         (else False).  Otherwise this is the same as send().
         """
+        if unbound is None:
+            unboundop, = self._unbound
+        else:
+            unboundop, = _serialize_unbound(unbound)
         # XXX Note that at the moment channel_send() only ever returns
         # None.  This should be fixed when channel_send_wait() is added.
         # See bpo-32604 and gh-19829.
-        return _channels.send(self._id, obj, blocking=False)
+        return _channels.send(self._id, obj, unboundop, blocking=False)
 
-    def send_buffer(self, obj, timeout=None):
+    def send_buffer(self, obj, timeout=None, *,
+                    unbound=None,
+                    ):
         """Send the object's buffer to the channel's receiving end.
 
         This blocks until the object is received.
         """
-        _channels.send_buffer(self._id, obj, timeout=timeout, blocking=True)
+        if unbound is None:
+            unboundop, = self._unbound
+        else:
+            unboundop, = _serialize_unbound(unbound)
+        _channels.send_buffer(self._id, obj, unboundop,
+                              timeout=timeout, blocking=True)
 
-    def send_buffer_nowait(self, obj):
+    def send_buffer_nowait(self, obj, *,
+                           unbound=None,
+                           ):
         """Send the object's buffer to the channel's receiving end.
 
         If the object is immediately received then return True
         (else False).  Otherwise this is the same as send().
         """
-        return _channels.send_buffer(self._id, obj, blocking=False)
+        if unbound is None:
+            unboundop, = self._unbound
+        else:
+            unboundop, = _serialize_unbound(unbound)
+        return _channels.send_buffer(self._id, obj, unboundop, blocking=False)
 
     def close(self):
         _channels.close(self._id, send=True)
diff --git a/Lib/test/support/interpreters/queues.py b/Lib/test/support/interpreters/queues.py
index 1b9e7481f2e313..deb8e8613af731 100644
--- a/Lib/test/support/interpreters/queues.py
+++ b/Lib/test/support/interpreters/queues.py
@@ -5,16 +5,22 @@
 import time
 import weakref
 import _interpqueues as _queues
+from . import _crossinterp
 
 # aliases:
 from _interpqueues import (
     QueueError, QueueNotFoundError,
 )
+from ._crossinterp import (
+    UNBOUND_ERROR, UNBOUND_REMOVE,
+)
 
 __all__ = [
+    'UNBOUND', 'UNBOUND_ERROR', 'UNBOUND_REMOVE',
     'create', 'list_all',
     'Queue',
     'QueueError', 'QueueNotFoundError', 'QueueEmpty', 'QueueFull',
+    'ItemInterpreterDestroyed',
 ]
 
 
@@ -32,26 +38,54 @@ class QueueFull(QueueError, queue.Full):
     """
 
 
+class ItemInterpreterDestroyed(QueueError,
+                               _crossinterp.ItemInterpreterDestroyed):
+    """Raised from get() and get_nowait()."""
+
+
 _SHARED_ONLY = 0
 _PICKLED = 1
 
-def create(maxsize=0, *, syncobj=False):
+
+UNBOUND = _crossinterp.UnboundItem.singleton('queue', __name__)
+
+
+def _serialize_unbound(unbound):
+    if unbound is UNBOUND:
+        unbound = _crossinterp.UNBOUND
+    return _crossinterp.serialize_unbound(unbound)
+
+
+def _resolve_unbound(flag):
+    resolved = _crossinterp.resolve_unbound(flag, ItemInterpreterDestroyed)
+    if resolved is _crossinterp.UNBOUND:
+        resolved = UNBOUND
+    return resolved
+
+
+def create(maxsize=0, *, syncobj=False, unbounditems=UNBOUND):
     """Return a new cross-interpreter queue.
 
     The queue may be used to pass data safely between interpreters.
 
     "syncobj" sets the default for Queue.put()
     and Queue.put_nowait().
+
+    "unbounditems" likewise sets the default.  See Queue.put() for
+    supported values.  The default value is UNBOUND, which replaces
+    the unbound item.
     """
     fmt = _SHARED_ONLY if syncobj else _PICKLED
-    qid = _queues.create(maxsize, fmt)
-    return Queue(qid, _fmt=fmt)
+    unbound = _serialize_unbound(unbounditems)
+    unboundop, = unbound
+    qid = _queues.create(maxsize, fmt, unboundop)
+    return Queue(qid, _fmt=fmt, _unbound=unbound)
 
 
 def list_all():
     """Return a list of all open queues."""
-    return [Queue(qid, _fmt=fmt)
-            for qid, fmt in _queues.list_all()]
+    return [Queue(qid, _fmt=fmt, _unbound=(unboundop,))
+            for qid, fmt, unboundop in _queues.list_all()]
 
 
 _known_queues = weakref.WeakValueDictionary()
@@ -59,20 +93,28 @@ def list_all():
 class Queue:
     """A cross-interpreter queue."""
 
-    def __new__(cls, id, /, *, _fmt=None):
+    def __new__(cls, id, /, *, _fmt=None, _unbound=None):
         # There is only one instance for any given ID.
         if isinstance(id, int):
             id = int(id)
         else:
             raise TypeError(f'id must be an int, got {id!r}')
         if _fmt is None:
-            _fmt, = _queues.get_queue_defaults(id)
+            if _unbound is None:
+                _fmt, op = _queues.get_queue_defaults(id)
+                _unbound = (op,)
+            else:
+                _fmt, _ = _queues.get_queue_defaults(id)
+        elif _unbound is None:
+            _, op = _queues.get_queue_defaults(id)
+            _unbound = (op,)
         try:
             self = _known_queues[id]
         except KeyError:
             self = super().__new__(cls)
             self._id = id
             self._fmt = _fmt
+            self._unbound = _unbound
             _known_queues[id] = self
             _queues.bind(id)
         return self
@@ -124,6 +166,7 @@ def qsize(self):
 
     def put(self, obj, timeout=None, *,
             syncobj=None,
+            unbound=None,
             _delay=10 / 1000,  # 10 milliseconds
             ):
         """Add the object to the queue.
@@ -131,7 +174,7 @@ def put(self, obj, timeout=None, *,
         This blocks while the queue is full.
 
         If "syncobj" is None (the default) then it uses the
-        queue's default, set with create_queue()..
+        queue's default, set with create_queue().
 
         If "syncobj" is false then all objects are supported,
         at the expense of worse performance.
@@ -152,11 +195,37 @@ def put(self, obj, timeout=None, *,
         actually is.  That's a slightly different and stronger promise
         than just (initial) equality, which is all "syncobj=False"
         can promise.
+
+        "unbound" controls the behavior of Queue.get() for the given
+        object if the current interpreter (calling put()) is later
+        destroyed.
+
+        If "unbound" is None (the default) then it uses the
+        queue's default, set with create_queue(),
+        which is usually UNBOUND.
+
+        If "unbound" is UNBOUND_ERROR then get() will raise an
+        ItemInterpreterDestroyed exception if the original interpreter
+        has been destroyed.  This does not otherwise affect the queue;
+        the next call to put() will work like normal, returning the next
+        item in the queue.
+
+        If "unbound" is UNBOUND_REMOVE then the item will be removed
+        from the queue as soon as the original interpreter is destroyed.
+        Be aware that this will introduce an imbalance between put()
+        and get() calls.
+
+        If "unbound" is UNBOUND then it is returned by get() in place
+        of the unbound item.
         """
         if syncobj is None:
             fmt = self._fmt
         else:
             fmt = _SHARED_ONLY if syncobj else _PICKLED
+        if unbound is None:
+            unboundop, = self._unbound
+        else:
+            unboundop, = _serialize_unbound(unbound)
         if timeout is not None:
             timeout = int(timeout)
             if timeout < 0:
@@ -166,7 +235,7 @@ def put(self, obj, timeout=None, *,
             obj = pickle.dumps(obj)
         while True:
             try:
-                _queues.put(self._id, obj, fmt)
+                _queues.put(self._id, obj, fmt, unboundop)
             except QueueFull as exc:
                 if timeout is not None and time.time() >= end:
                     raise  # re-raise
@@ -174,14 +243,18 @@ def put(self, obj, timeout=None, *,
             else:
                 break
 
-    def put_nowait(self, obj, *, syncobj=None):
+    def put_nowait(self, obj, *, syncobj=None, unbound=None):
         if syncobj is None:
             fmt = self._fmt
         else:
             fmt = _SHARED_ONLY if syncobj else _PICKLED
+        if unbound is None:
+            unboundop, = self._unbound
+        else:
+            unboundop, = _serialize_unbound(unbound)
         if fmt is _PICKLED:
             obj = pickle.dumps(obj)
-        _queues.put(self._id, obj, fmt)
+        _queues.put(self._id, obj, fmt, unboundop)
 
     def get(self, timeout=None, *,
             _delay=10 / 1000,  # 10 milliseconds
@@ -189,6 +262,10 @@ def get(self, timeout=None, *,
         """Return the next object from the queue.
 
         This blocks while the queue is empty.
+
+        If the next item's original interpreter has been destroyed
+        then the "next object" is determined by the value of the
+        "unbound" argument to put().
         """
         if timeout is not None:
             timeout = int(timeout)
@@ -197,13 +274,16 @@ def get(self, timeout=None, *,
             end = time.time() + timeout
         while True:
             try:
-                obj, fmt = _queues.get(self._id)
+                obj, fmt, unboundop = _queues.get(self._id)
             except QueueEmpty as exc:
                 if timeout is not None and time.time() >= end:
                     raise  # re-raise
                 time.sleep(_delay)
             else:
                 break
+        if unboundop is not None:
+            assert obj is None, repr(obj)
+            return _resolve_unbound(unboundop)
         if fmt == _PICKLED:
             obj = pickle.loads(obj)
         else:
@@ -217,9 +297,12 @@ def get_nowait(self):
         is the same as get().
         """
         try:
-            obj, fmt = _queues.get(self._id)
+            obj, fmt, unboundop = _queues.get(self._id)
         except QueueEmpty as exc:
             raise  # re-raise
+        if unboundop is not None:
+            assert obj is None, repr(obj)
+            return _resolve_unbound(unboundop)
         if fmt == _PICKLED:
             obj = pickle.loads(obj)
         else:
diff --git a/Lib/test/support/script_helper.py b/Lib/test/support/script_helper.py
index 65e0bc199e7f0b..46ce950433ddf6 100644
--- a/Lib/test/support/script_helper.py
+++ b/Lib/test/support/script_helper.py
@@ -70,23 +70,25 @@ def fail(self, cmd_line):
             out = b'(... truncated stdout ...)' + out[-maxlen:]
         if len(err) > maxlen:
             err = b'(... truncated stderr ...)' + err[-maxlen:]
-        out = out.decode('ascii', 'replace').rstrip()
-        err = err.decode('ascii', 'replace').rstrip()
-        raise AssertionError("Process return code is %d\n"
-                             "command line: %r\n"
-                             "\n"
-                             "stdout:\n"
-                             "---\n"
-                             "%s\n"
-                             "---\n"
-                             "\n"
-                             "stderr:\n"
-                             "---\n"
-                             "%s\n"
-                             "---"
-                             % (self.rc, cmd_line,
-                                out,
-                                err))
+        out = out.decode('utf8', 'replace').rstrip()
+        err = err.decode('utf8', 'replace').rstrip()
+
+        exitcode = self.rc
+        signame = support.get_signal_name(exitcode)
+        if signame:
+            exitcode = f"{exitcode} ({signame})"
+        raise AssertionError(f"Process return code is {exitcode}\n"
+                             f"command line: {cmd_line!r}\n"
+                             f"\n"
+                             f"stdout:\n"
+                             f"---\n"
+                             f"{out}\n"
+                             f"---\n"
+                             f"\n"
+                             f"stderr:\n"
+                             f"---\n"
+                             f"{err}\n"
+                             f"---")
 
 
 # Executing the interpreter in a subprocess
@@ -232,9 +234,13 @@ def make_script(script_dir, script_basename, source, omit_suffix=False):
     if not omit_suffix:
         script_filename += os.extsep + 'py'
     script_name = os.path.join(script_dir, script_filename)
-    # The script should be encoded to UTF-8, the default string encoding
-    with open(script_name, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as script_file:
-        script_file.write(source)
+    if isinstance(source, str):
+        # The script should be encoded to UTF-8, the default string encoding
+        with open(script_name, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as script_file:
+            script_file.write(source)
+    else:
+        with open(script_name, 'wb') as script_file:
+            script_file.write(source)
     importlib.invalidate_caches()
     return script_name
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/support/smtpd.py b/Lib/test/support/smtpd.py
index c2e17cad422861..6537679db9ad24 100755
--- a/Lib/test/support/smtpd.py
+++ b/Lib/test/support/smtpd.py
@@ -633,7 +633,8 @@ def __init__(self, localaddr, remoteaddr,
                              " be set to True at the same time")
         asyncore.dispatcher.__init__(self, map=map)
         try:
-            gai_results = socket.getaddrinfo(*localaddr,
+            family = 0 if socket.has_ipv6 else socket.AF_INET
+            gai_results = socket.getaddrinfo(*localaddr, family=family,
                                              type=socket.SOCK_STREAM)
             self.create_socket(gai_results[0][0], gai_results[0][1])
             # try to re-use a server port if possible
diff --git a/Lib/test/support/testcase.py b/Lib/test/support/testcase.py
index 1e4363b15783eb..fad1e4cb3499c0 100644
--- a/Lib/test/support/testcase.py
+++ b/Lib/test/support/testcase.py
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+from math import copysign, isnan
+
+
 class ExceptionIsLikeMixin:
     def assertExceptionIsLike(self, exc, template):
         """
@@ -23,3 +26,40 @@ def assertExceptionIsLike(self, exc, template):
             self.assertEqual(len(exc.exceptions), len(template.exceptions))
             for e, t in zip(exc.exceptions, template.exceptions):
                 self.assertExceptionIsLike(e, t)
+
+
+class FloatsAreIdenticalMixin:
+    def assertFloatsAreIdentical(self, x, y):
+        """Fail unless floats x and y are identical, in the sense that:
+        (1) both x and y are nans, or
+        (2) both x and y are infinities, with the same sign, or
+        (3) both x and y are zeros, with the same sign, or
+        (4) x and y are both finite and nonzero, and x == y
+
+        """
+        msg = 'floats {!r} and {!r} are not identical'
+
+        if isnan(x) or isnan(y):
+            if isnan(x) and isnan(y):
+                return
+        elif x == y:
+            if x != 0.0:
+                return
+            # both zero; check that signs match
+            elif copysign(1.0, x) == copysign(1.0, y):
+                return
+            else:
+                msg += ': zeros have different signs'
+        self.fail(msg.format(x, y))
+
+
+class ComplexesAreIdenticalMixin(FloatsAreIdenticalMixin):
+    def assertComplexesAreIdentical(self, x, y):
+        """Fail unless complex numbers x and y have equal values and signs.
+
+        In particular, if x and y both have real (or imaginary) part
+        zero, but the zeros have different signs, this test will fail.
+
+        """
+        self.assertFloatsAreIdentical(x.real, y.real)
+        self.assertFloatsAreIdentical(x.imag, y.imag)
diff --git a/Lib/test/test___all__.py b/Lib/test/test___all__.py
index 19dcbb207e914a..e405056c8ffcb5 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test___all__.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test___all__.py
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 from test.support import warnings_helper
 import os
 import sys
-import types
 
 
 if support.check_sanitizer(address=True, memory=True):
@@ -104,7 +103,7 @@ def test_all(self):
         # In case _socket fails to build, make this test fail more gracefully
         # than an AttributeError somewhere deep in concurrent.futures, email
         # or unittest.
-        import _socket
+        import _socket  # noqa: F401
 
         ignored = []
         failed_imports = []
diff --git a/Lib/test/test__interpchannels.py b/Lib/test/test__interpchannels.py
index b76c58917c0b9c..4a7f04b9df9843 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test__interpchannels.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test__interpchannels.py
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@
 
 from test.support import import_helper
 
+_channels = import_helper.import_module('_interpchannels')
+from test.support.interpreters import _crossinterp
 from test.test__interpreters import (
     _interpreters,
     _run_output,
@@ -15,7 +17,7 @@
 )
 
 
-_channels = import_helper.import_module('_interpchannels')
+REPLACE = _crossinterp._UNBOUND_CONSTANT_TO_FLAG[_crossinterp.UNBOUND]
 
 
 # Additional tests are found in Lib/test/test_interpreters/test_channels.py.
@@ -29,9 +31,19 @@
 def recv_wait(cid):
     while True:
         try:
-            return _channels.recv(cid)
+            obj, unboundop = _channels.recv(cid)
         except _channels.ChannelEmptyError:
             time.sleep(0.1)
+        else:
+            assert unboundop is None, repr(unboundop)
+            return obj
+
+
+def recv_nowait(cid, *args, unbound=False):
+    obj, unboundop = _channels.recv(cid, *args)
+    assert (unboundop is None) != unbound, repr(unboundop)
+    return obj
+
 
 #@contextmanager
 #def run_threaded(id, source, **shared):
@@ -212,7 +224,7 @@ def _run_action(cid, action, end, state):
                 else:
                     raise Exception('expected ChannelEmptyError')
             else:
-                _channels.recv(cid)
+                recv_nowait(cid)
                 return state.decr()
         else:
             raise ValueError(end)
@@ -235,7 +247,7 @@ def _run_action(cid, action, end, state):
 
 
 def clean_up_channels():
-    for cid in _channels.list_all():
+    for cid, _ in _channels.list_all():
         try:
             _channels.destroy(cid)
         except _channels.ChannelNotFoundError:
@@ -297,7 +309,7 @@ def test_bad_kwargs(self):
             _channels._channel_id(10, send=False, recv=False)
 
     def test_does_not_exist(self):
-        cid = _channels.create()
+        cid = _channels.create(REPLACE)
         with self.assertRaises(_channels.ChannelNotFoundError):
             _channels._channel_id(int(cid) + 1)  # unforced
 
@@ -319,9 +331,9 @@ def test_repr(self):
         self.assertEqual(repr(cid), 'ChannelID(10)')
 
     def test_equality(self):
-        cid1 = _channels.create()
+        cid1 = _channels.create(REPLACE)
         cid2 = _channels._channel_id(int(cid1))
-        cid3 = _channels.create()
+        cid3 = _channels.create(REPLACE)
 
         self.assertTrue(cid1 == cid1)
         self.assertTrue(cid1 == cid2)
@@ -341,11 +353,11 @@ def test_equality(self):
         self.assertTrue(cid1 != cid3)
 
     def test_shareable(self):
-        chan = _channels.create()
+        chan = _channels.create(REPLACE)
 
-        obj = _channels.create()
+        obj = _channels.create(REPLACE)
         _channels.send(chan, obj, blocking=False)
-        got = _channels.recv(chan)
+        got = recv_nowait(chan)
 
         self.assertEqual(got, obj)
         self.assertIs(type(got), type(obj))
@@ -356,15 +368,15 @@ def test_shareable(self):
 class ChannelTests(TestBase):
 
     def test_create_cid(self):
-        cid = _channels.create()
+        cid = _channels.create(REPLACE)
         self.assertIsInstance(cid, _channels.ChannelID)
 
     def test_sequential_ids(self):
-        before = _channels.list_all()
-        id1 = _channels.create()
-        id2 = _channels.create()
-        id3 = _channels.create()
-        after = _channels.list_all()
+        before = [cid for cid, _ in _channels.list_all()]
+        id1 = _channels.create(REPLACE)
+        id2 = _channels.create(REPLACE)
+        id3 = _channels.create(REPLACE)
+        after = [cid for cid, _ in _channels.list_all()]
 
         self.assertEqual(id2, int(id1) + 1)
         self.assertEqual(id3, int(id2) + 1)
@@ -374,7 +386,7 @@ def test_ids_global(self):
         id1 = _interpreters.create()
         out = _run_output(id1, dedent("""
             import _interpchannels as _channels
-            cid = _channels.create()
+            cid = _channels.create(3)
             print(cid)
             """))
         cid1 = int(out.strip())
@@ -382,7 +394,7 @@ def test_ids_global(self):
         id2 = _interpreters.create()
         out = _run_output(id2, dedent("""
             import _interpchannels as _channels
-            cid = _channels.create()
+            cid = _channels.create(3)
             print(cid)
             """))
         cid2 = int(out.strip())
@@ -392,7 +404,7 @@ def test_ids_global(self):
     def test_channel_list_interpreters_none(self):
         """Test listing interpreters for a channel with no associations."""
         # Test for channel with no associated _interpreters.
-        cid = _channels.create()
+        cid = _channels.create(REPLACE)
         send_interps = _channels.list_interpreters(cid, send=True)
         recv_interps = _channels.list_interpreters(cid, send=False)
         self.assertEqual(send_interps, [])
@@ -401,7 +413,7 @@ def test_channel_list_interpreters_none(self):
     def test_channel_list_interpreters_basic(self):
         """Test basic listing channel _interpreters."""
         interp0, *_ = _interpreters.get_main()
-        cid = _channels.create()
+        cid = _channels.create(REPLACE)
         _channels.send(cid, "send", blocking=False)
         # Test for a channel that has one end associated to an interpreter.
         send_interps = _channels.list_interpreters(cid, send=True)
@@ -412,7 +424,7 @@ def test_channel_list_interpreters_basic(self):
         interp1 = _interpreters.create()
         _run_output(interp1, dedent(f"""
             import _interpchannels as _channels
-            obj = _channels.recv({cid})
+            _channels.recv({cid})
             """))
         # Test for channel that has both ends associated to an interpreter.
         send_interps = _channels.list_interpreters(cid, send=True)
@@ -426,7 +438,7 @@ def test_channel_list_interpreters_multiple(self):
         interp1 = _interpreters.create()
         interp2 = _interpreters.create()
         interp3 = _interpreters.create()
-        cid = _channels.create()
+        cid = _channels.create(REPLACE)
 
         _channels.send(cid, "send", blocking=False)
         _run_output(interp1, dedent(f"""
@@ -435,11 +447,11 @@ def test_channel_list_interpreters_multiple(self):
             """))
         _run_output(interp2, dedent(f"""
             import _interpchannels as _channels
-            obj = _channels.recv({cid})
+            _channels.recv({cid})
             """))
         _run_output(interp3, dedent(f"""
             import _interpchannels as _channels
-            obj = _channels.recv({cid})
+            _channels.recv({cid})
             """))
         send_interps = _channels.list_interpreters(cid, send=True)
         recv_interps = _channels.list_interpreters(cid, send=False)
@@ -450,11 +462,11 @@ def test_channel_list_interpreters_destroyed(self):
         """Test listing channel interpreters with a destroyed interpreter."""
         interp0, *_ = _interpreters.get_main()
         interp1 = _interpreters.create()
-        cid = _channels.create()
+        cid = _channels.create(REPLACE)
         _channels.send(cid, "send", blocking=False)
         _run_output(interp1, dedent(f"""
             import _interpchannels as _channels
-            obj = _channels.recv({cid})
+            _channels.recv({cid})
             """))
         # Should be one interpreter associated with each end.
         send_interps = _channels.list_interpreters(cid, send=True)
@@ -476,16 +488,16 @@ def test_channel_list_interpreters_released(self):
         interp0, *_ = _interpreters.get_main()
         interp1 = _interpreters.create()
         interp2 = _interpreters.create()
-        cid = _channels.create()
+        cid = _channels.create(REPLACE)
         _channels.send(cid, "data", blocking=False)
         _run_output(interp1, dedent(f"""
             import _interpchannels as _channels
-            obj = _channels.recv({cid})
+            _channels.recv({cid})
             """))
         _channels.send(cid, "data", blocking=False)
         _run_output(interp2, dedent(f"""
             import _interpchannels as _channels
-            obj = _channels.recv({cid})
+            _channels.recv({cid})
             """))
         # Check the setup.
         send_interps = _channels.list_interpreters(cid, send=True)
@@ -516,7 +528,7 @@ def test_channel_list_interpreters_closed(self):
         """Test listing channel interpreters with a closed channel."""
         interp0, *_ = _interpreters.get_main()
         interp1 = _interpreters.create()
-        cid = _channels.create()
+        cid = _channels.create(REPLACE)
         # Put something in the channel so that it's not empty.
         _channels.send(cid, "send", blocking=False)
 
@@ -538,7 +550,7 @@ def test_channel_list_interpreters_closed_send_end(self):
         """Test listing channel interpreters with a channel's send end closed."""
         interp0, *_ = _interpreters.get_main()
         interp1 = _interpreters.create()
-        cid = _channels.create()
+        cid = _channels.create(REPLACE)
         # Put something in the channel so that it's not empty.
         _channels.send(cid, "send", blocking=False)
 
@@ -570,7 +582,7 @@ def test_channel_list_interpreters_closed_send_end(self):
             _channels.list_interpreters(cid, send=False)
 
     def test_allowed_types(self):
-        cid = _channels.create()
+        cid = _channels.create(REPLACE)
         objects = [
             None,
             'spam',
@@ -580,7 +592,7 @@ def test_allowed_types(self):
         for obj in objects:
             with self.subTest(obj):
                 _channels.send(cid, obj, blocking=False)
-                got = _channels.recv(cid)
+                got = recv_nowait(cid)
 
                 self.assertEqual(got, obj)
                 self.assertIs(type(got), type(obj))
@@ -589,7 +601,7 @@ def test_allowed_types(self):
                 # XXX What about between interpreters?
 
     def test_run_string_arg_unresolved(self):
-        cid = _channels.create()
+        cid = _channels.create(REPLACE)
         interp = _interpreters.create()
 
         _interpreters.set___main___attrs(interp, dict(cid=cid.send))
@@ -598,7 +610,7 @@ def test_run_string_arg_unresolved(self):
             print(cid.end)
             _channels.send(cid, b'spam', blocking=False)
             """))
-        obj = _channels.recv(cid)
+        obj = recv_nowait(cid)
 
         self.assertEqual(obj, b'spam')
         self.assertEqual(out.strip(), 'send')
@@ -608,7 +620,7 @@ def test_run_string_arg_unresolved(self):
     # Note: this test caused crashes on some buildbots (bpo-33615).
     @unittest.skip('disabled until high-level channels exist')
     def test_run_string_arg_resolved(self):
-        cid = _channels.create()
+        cid = _channels.create(REPLACE)
         cid = _channels._channel_id(cid, _resolve=True)
         interp = _interpreters.create()
 
@@ -618,7 +630,7 @@ def test_run_string_arg_resolved(self):
             _channels.send(chan.id, b'spam', blocking=False)
             """),
             dict(chan=cid.send))
-        obj = _channels.recv(cid)
+        obj = recv_nowait(cid)
 
         self.assertEqual(obj, b'spam')
         self.assertEqual(out.strip(), 'send')
@@ -627,10 +639,10 @@ def test_run_string_arg_resolved(self):
     # send/recv
 
     def test_send_recv_main(self):
-        cid = _channels.create()
+        cid = _channels.create(REPLACE)
         orig = b'spam'
         _channels.send(cid, orig, blocking=False)
-        obj = _channels.recv(cid)
+        obj = recv_nowait(cid)
 
         self.assertEqual(obj, orig)
         self.assertIsNot(obj, orig)
@@ -639,27 +651,27 @@ def test_send_recv_same_interpreter(self):
         id1 = _interpreters.create()
         out = _run_output(id1, dedent("""
             import _interpchannels as _channels
-            cid = _channels.create()
+            cid = _channels.create(REPLACE)
             orig = b'spam'
             _channels.send(cid, orig, blocking=False)
-            obj = _channels.recv(cid)
+            obj, _ = _channels.recv(cid)
             assert obj is not orig
             assert obj == orig
             """))
 
     def test_send_recv_different_interpreters(self):
-        cid = _channels.create()
+        cid = _channels.create(REPLACE)
         id1 = _interpreters.create()
         out = _run_output(id1, dedent(f"""
             import _interpchannels as _channels
             _channels.send({cid}, b'spam', blocking=False)
             """))
-        obj = _channels.recv(cid)
+        obj = recv_nowait(cid)
 
         self.assertEqual(obj, b'spam')
 
     def test_send_recv_different_threads(self):
-        cid = _channels.create()
+        cid = _channels.create(REPLACE)
 
         def f():
             obj = recv_wait(cid)
@@ -674,7 +686,7 @@ def f():
         self.assertEqual(obj, b'spam')
 
     def test_send_recv_different_interpreters_and_threads(self):
-        cid = _channels.create()
+        cid = _channels.create(REPLACE)
         id1 = _interpreters.create()
         out = None
 
@@ -685,7 +697,7 @@ def f():
                 import _interpchannels as _channels
                 while True:
                     try:
-                        obj = _channels.recv({cid})
+                        obj, _ = _channels.recv({cid})
                         break
                     except _channels.ChannelEmptyError:
                         time.sleep(0.1)
@@ -710,23 +722,23 @@ def test_recv_not_found(self):
             _channels.recv(10)
 
     def test_recv_empty(self):
-        cid = _channels.create()
+        cid = _channels.create(REPLACE)
         with self.assertRaises(_channels.ChannelEmptyError):
             _channels.recv(cid)
 
     def test_recv_default(self):
         default = object()
-        cid = _channels.create()
-        obj1 = _channels.recv(cid, default)
+        cid = _channels.create(REPLACE)
+        obj1 = recv_nowait(cid, default)
         _channels.send(cid, None, blocking=False)
         _channels.send(cid, 1, blocking=False)
         _channels.send(cid, b'spam', blocking=False)
         _channels.send(cid, b'eggs', blocking=False)
-        obj2 = _channels.recv(cid, default)
-        obj3 = _channels.recv(cid, default)
-        obj4 = _channels.recv(cid)
-        obj5 = _channels.recv(cid, default)
-        obj6 = _channels.recv(cid, default)
+        obj2 = recv_nowait(cid, default)
+        obj3 = recv_nowait(cid, default)
+        obj4 = recv_nowait(cid)
+        obj5 = recv_nowait(cid, default)
+        obj6 = recv_nowait(cid, default)
 
         self.assertIs(obj1, default)
         self.assertIs(obj2, None)
@@ -737,7 +749,7 @@ def test_recv_default(self):
 
     def test_recv_sending_interp_destroyed(self):
         with self.subTest('closed'):
-            cid1 = _channels.create()
+            cid1 = _channels.create(REPLACE)
             interp = _interpreters.create()
             _interpreters.run_string(interp, dedent(f"""
                 import _interpchannels as _channels
@@ -750,7 +762,7 @@ def test_recv_sending_interp_destroyed(self):
                 _channels.recv(cid1)
             del cid1
         with self.subTest('still open'):
-            cid2 = _channels.create()
+            cid2 = _channels.create(REPLACE)
             interp = _interpreters.create()
             _interpreters.run_string(interp, dedent(f"""
                 import _interpchannels as _channels
@@ -759,7 +771,8 @@ def test_recv_sending_interp_destroyed(self):
             _channels.send(cid2, b'eggs', blocking=False)
             _interpreters.destroy(interp)
 
-            _channels.recv(cid2)
+            recv_nowait(cid2, unbound=True)
+            recv_nowait(cid2, unbound=False)
             with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError,
                                         f'channel {cid2} is empty'):
                 _channels.recv(cid2)
@@ -770,9 +783,9 @@ def test_recv_sending_interp_destroyed(self):
 
     def test_send_buffer(self):
         buf = bytearray(b'spamspamspam')
-        cid = _channels.create()
+        cid = _channels.create(REPLACE)
         _channels.send_buffer(cid, buf, blocking=False)
-        obj = _channels.recv(cid)
+        obj = recv_nowait(cid)
 
         self.assertIsNot(obj, buf)
         self.assertIsInstance(obj, memoryview)
@@ -794,12 +807,12 @@ def build_send_waiter(self, obj, *, buffer=False):
         else:
             send = _channels.send
 
-        cid = _channels.create()
+        cid = _channels.create(REPLACE)
         try:
             started = time.monotonic()
             send(cid, obj, blocking=False)
             stopped = time.monotonic()
-            _channels.recv(cid)
+            recv_nowait(cid)
         finally:
             _channels.destroy(cid)
         delay = stopped - started  # seconds
@@ -813,7 +826,7 @@ def test_send_blocking_waiting(self):
         received = None
         obj = b'spam'
         wait = self.build_send_waiter(obj)
-        cid = _channels.create()
+        cid = _channels.create(REPLACE)
         def f():
             nonlocal received
             wait()
@@ -829,7 +842,7 @@ def test_send_buffer_blocking_waiting(self):
         received = None
         obj = bytearray(b'spam')
         wait = self.build_send_waiter(obj, buffer=True)
-        cid = _channels.create()
+        cid = _channels.create(REPLACE)
         def f():
             nonlocal received
             wait()
@@ -844,7 +857,7 @@ def f():
     def test_send_blocking_no_wait(self):
         received = None
         obj = b'spam'
-        cid = _channels.create()
+        cid = _channels.create(REPLACE)
         def f():
             nonlocal received
             received = recv_wait(cid)
@@ -858,7 +871,7 @@ def f():
     def test_send_buffer_blocking_no_wait(self):
         received = None
         obj = bytearray(b'spam')
-        cid = _channels.create()
+        cid = _channels.create(REPLACE)
         def f():
             nonlocal received
             received = recv_wait(cid)
@@ -873,20 +886,20 @@ def test_send_timeout(self):
         obj = b'spam'
 
         with self.subTest('non-blocking with timeout'):
-            cid = _channels.create()
+            cid = _channels.create(REPLACE)
             with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
                 _channels.send(cid, obj, blocking=False, timeout=0.1)
 
         with self.subTest('timeout hit'):
-            cid = _channels.create()
+            cid = _channels.create(REPLACE)
             with self.assertRaises(TimeoutError):
                 _channels.send(cid, obj, blocking=True, timeout=0.1)
             with self.assertRaises(_channels.ChannelEmptyError):
-                received = _channels.recv(cid)
+                received = recv_nowait(cid)
                 print(repr(received))
 
         with self.subTest('timeout not hit'):
-            cid = _channels.create()
+            cid = _channels.create(REPLACE)
             def f():
                 recv_wait(cid)
             t = threading.Thread(target=f)
@@ -910,20 +923,20 @@ def test_send_buffer_timeout(self):
         obj = bytearray(b'spam')
 
         with self.subTest('non-blocking with timeout'):
-            cid = _channels.create()
+            cid = _channels.create(REPLACE)
             with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
                 _channels.send_buffer(cid, obj, blocking=False, timeout=0.1)
 
         with self.subTest('timeout hit'):
-            cid = _channels.create()
+            cid = _channels.create(REPLACE)
             with self.assertRaises(TimeoutError):
                 _channels.send_buffer(cid, obj, blocking=True, timeout=0.1)
             with self.assertRaises(_channels.ChannelEmptyError):
-                received = _channels.recv(cid)
+                received = recv_nowait(cid)
                 print(repr(received))
 
         with self.subTest('timeout not hit'):
-            cid = _channels.create()
+            cid = _channels.create(REPLACE)
             def f():
                 recv_wait(cid)
             t = threading.Thread(target=f)
@@ -936,7 +949,7 @@ def test_send_closed_while_waiting(self):
         wait = self.build_send_waiter(obj)
 
         with self.subTest('without timeout'):
-            cid = _channels.create()
+            cid = _channels.create(REPLACE)
             def f():
                 wait()
                 _channels.close(cid, force=True)
@@ -947,7 +960,7 @@ def f():
             t.join()
 
         with self.subTest('with timeout'):
-            cid = _channels.create()
+            cid = _channels.create(REPLACE)
             def f():
                 wait()
                 _channels.close(cid, force=True)
@@ -974,7 +987,7 @@ def test_send_buffer_closed_while_waiting(self):
         wait = self.build_send_waiter(obj, buffer=True)
 
         with self.subTest('without timeout'):
-            cid = _channels.create()
+            cid = _channels.create(REPLACE)
             def f():
                 wait()
                 _channels.close(cid, force=True)
@@ -985,7 +998,7 @@ def f():
             t.join()
 
         with self.subTest('with timeout'):
-            cid = _channels.create()
+            cid = _channels.create(REPLACE)
             def f():
                 wait()
                 _channels.close(cid, force=True)
@@ -999,9 +1012,9 @@ def f():
     # close
 
     def test_close_single_user(self):
-        cid = _channels.create()
+        cid = _channels.create(REPLACE)
         _channels.send(cid, b'spam', blocking=False)
-        _channels.recv(cid)
+        recv_nowait(cid)
         _channels.close(cid)
 
         with self.assertRaises(_channels.ChannelClosedError):
@@ -1010,7 +1023,7 @@ def test_close_single_user(self):
             _channels.recv(cid)
 
     def test_close_multiple_users(self):
-        cid = _channels.create()
+        cid = _channels.create(REPLACE)
         id1 = _interpreters.create()
         id2 = _interpreters.create()
         _interpreters.run_string(id1, dedent(f"""
@@ -1034,9 +1047,9 @@ def test_close_multiple_users(self):
         self.assertEqual(excsnap.type.__name__, 'ChannelClosedError')
 
     def test_close_multiple_times(self):
-        cid = _channels.create()
+        cid = _channels.create(REPLACE)
         _channels.send(cid, b'spam', blocking=False)
-        _channels.recv(cid)
+        recv_nowait(cid)
         _channels.close(cid)
 
         with self.assertRaises(_channels.ChannelClosedError):
@@ -1051,9 +1064,9 @@ def test_close_empty(self):
             ]
         for send, recv in tests:
             with self.subTest((send, recv)):
-                cid = _channels.create()
+                cid = _channels.create(REPLACE)
                 _channels.send(cid, b'spam', blocking=False)
-                _channels.recv(cid)
+                recv_nowait(cid)
                 _channels.close(cid, send=send, recv=recv)
 
                 with self.assertRaises(_channels.ChannelClosedError):
@@ -1062,56 +1075,56 @@ def test_close_empty(self):
                     _channels.recv(cid)
 
     def test_close_defaults_with_unused_items(self):
-        cid = _channels.create()
+        cid = _channels.create(REPLACE)
         _channels.send(cid, b'spam', blocking=False)
         _channels.send(cid, b'ham', blocking=False)
 
         with self.assertRaises(_channels.ChannelNotEmptyError):
             _channels.close(cid)
-        _channels.recv(cid)
+        recv_nowait(cid)
         _channels.send(cid, b'eggs', blocking=False)
 
     def test_close_recv_with_unused_items_unforced(self):
-        cid = _channels.create()
+        cid = _channels.create(REPLACE)
         _channels.send(cid, b'spam', blocking=False)
         _channels.send(cid, b'ham', blocking=False)
 
         with self.assertRaises(_channels.ChannelNotEmptyError):
             _channels.close(cid, recv=True)
-        _channels.recv(cid)
+        recv_nowait(cid)
         _channels.send(cid, b'eggs', blocking=False)
-        _channels.recv(cid)
-        _channels.recv(cid)
+        recv_nowait(cid)
+        recv_nowait(cid)
         _channels.close(cid, recv=True)
 
     def test_close_send_with_unused_items_unforced(self):
-        cid = _channels.create()
+        cid = _channels.create(REPLACE)
         _channels.send(cid, b'spam', blocking=False)
         _channels.send(cid, b'ham', blocking=False)
         _channels.close(cid, send=True)
 
         with self.assertRaises(_channels.ChannelClosedError):
             _channels.send(cid, b'eggs')
-        _channels.recv(cid)
-        _channels.recv(cid)
+        recv_nowait(cid)
+        recv_nowait(cid)
         with self.assertRaises(_channels.ChannelClosedError):
             _channels.recv(cid)
 
     def test_close_both_with_unused_items_unforced(self):
-        cid = _channels.create()
+        cid = _channels.create(REPLACE)
         _channels.send(cid, b'spam', blocking=False)
         _channels.send(cid, b'ham', blocking=False)
 
         with self.assertRaises(_channels.ChannelNotEmptyError):
             _channels.close(cid, recv=True, send=True)
-        _channels.recv(cid)
+        recv_nowait(cid)
         _channels.send(cid, b'eggs', blocking=False)
-        _channels.recv(cid)
-        _channels.recv(cid)
+        recv_nowait(cid)
+        recv_nowait(cid)
         _channels.close(cid, recv=True)
 
     def test_close_recv_with_unused_items_forced(self):
-        cid = _channels.create()
+        cid = _channels.create(REPLACE)
         _channels.send(cid, b'spam', blocking=False)
         _channels.send(cid, b'ham', blocking=False)
         _channels.close(cid, recv=True, force=True)
@@ -1122,7 +1135,7 @@ def test_close_recv_with_unused_items_forced(self):
             _channels.recv(cid)
 
     def test_close_send_with_unused_items_forced(self):
-        cid = _channels.create()
+        cid = _channels.create(REPLACE)
         _channels.send(cid, b'spam', blocking=False)
         _channels.send(cid, b'ham', blocking=False)
         _channels.close(cid, send=True, force=True)
@@ -1133,7 +1146,7 @@ def test_close_send_with_unused_items_forced(self):
             _channels.recv(cid)
 
     def test_close_both_with_unused_items_forced(self):
-        cid = _channels.create()
+        cid = _channels.create(REPLACE)
         _channels.send(cid, b'spam', blocking=False)
         _channels.send(cid, b'ham', blocking=False)
         _channels.close(cid, send=True, recv=True, force=True)
@@ -1144,7 +1157,7 @@ def test_close_both_with_unused_items_forced(self):
             _channels.recv(cid)
 
     def test_close_never_used(self):
-        cid = _channels.create()
+        cid = _channels.create(REPLACE)
         _channels.close(cid)
 
         with self.assertRaises(_channels.ChannelClosedError):
@@ -1153,7 +1166,7 @@ def test_close_never_used(self):
             _channels.recv(cid)
 
     def test_close_by_unassociated_interp(self):
-        cid = _channels.create()
+        cid = _channels.create(REPLACE)
         _channels.send(cid, b'spam', blocking=False)
         interp = _interpreters.create()
         _interpreters.run_string(interp, dedent(f"""
@@ -1166,11 +1179,11 @@ def test_close_by_unassociated_interp(self):
             _channels.close(cid)
 
     def test_close_used_multiple_times_by_single_user(self):
-        cid = _channels.create()
+        cid = _channels.create(REPLACE)
         _channels.send(cid, b'spam', blocking=False)
         _channels.send(cid, b'spam', blocking=False)
         _channels.send(cid, b'spam', blocking=False)
-        _channels.recv(cid)
+        recv_nowait(cid)
         _channels.close(cid, force=True)
 
         with self.assertRaises(_channels.ChannelClosedError):
@@ -1179,7 +1192,7 @@ def test_close_used_multiple_times_by_single_user(self):
             _channels.recv(cid)
 
     def test_channel_list_interpreters_invalid_channel(self):
-        cid = _channels.create()
+        cid = _channels.create(REPLACE)
         # Test for invalid channel ID.
         with self.assertRaises(_channels.ChannelNotFoundError):
             _channels.list_interpreters(1000, send=True)
@@ -1191,7 +1204,7 @@ def test_channel_list_interpreters_invalid_channel(self):
 
     def test_channel_list_interpreters_invalid_args(self):
         # Tests for invalid arguments passed to the API.
-        cid = _channels.create()
+        cid = _channels.create(REPLACE)
         with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
             _channels.list_interpreters(cid)
 
@@ -1240,9 +1253,9 @@ class ChannelReleaseTests(TestBase):
     """
 
     def test_single_user(self):
-        cid = _channels.create()
+        cid = _channels.create(REPLACE)
         _channels.send(cid, b'spam', blocking=False)
-        _channels.recv(cid)
+        recv_nowait(cid)
         _channels.release(cid, send=True, recv=True)
 
         with self.assertRaises(_channels.ChannelClosedError):
@@ -1251,7 +1264,7 @@ def test_single_user(self):
             _channels.recv(cid)
 
     def test_multiple_users(self):
-        cid = _channels.create()
+        cid = _channels.create(REPLACE)
         id1 = _interpreters.create()
         id2 = _interpreters.create()
         _interpreters.run_string(id1, dedent(f"""
@@ -1260,7 +1273,7 @@ def test_multiple_users(self):
             """))
         out = _run_output(id2, dedent(f"""
             import _interpchannels as _channels
-            obj = _channels.recv({cid})
+            obj, _ = _channels.recv({cid})
             _channels.release({cid})
             print(repr(obj))
             """))
@@ -1271,9 +1284,9 @@ def test_multiple_users(self):
         self.assertEqual(out.strip(), "b'spam'")
 
     def test_no_kwargs(self):
-        cid = _channels.create()
+        cid = _channels.create(REPLACE)
         _channels.send(cid, b'spam', blocking=False)
-        _channels.recv(cid)
+        recv_nowait(cid)
         _channels.release(cid)
 
         with self.assertRaises(_channels.ChannelClosedError):
@@ -1282,16 +1295,16 @@ def test_no_kwargs(self):
             _channels.recv(cid)
 
     def test_multiple_times(self):
-        cid = _channels.create()
+        cid = _channels.create(REPLACE)
         _channels.send(cid, b'spam', blocking=False)
-        _channels.recv(cid)
+        recv_nowait(cid)
         _channels.release(cid, send=True, recv=True)
 
         with self.assertRaises(_channels.ChannelClosedError):
             _channels.release(cid, send=True, recv=True)
 
     def test_with_unused_items(self):
-        cid = _channels.create()
+        cid = _channels.create(REPLACE)
         _channels.send(cid, b'spam', blocking=False)
         _channels.send(cid, b'ham', blocking=False)
         _channels.release(cid, send=True, recv=True)
@@ -1300,7 +1313,7 @@ def test_with_unused_items(self):
             _channels.recv(cid)
 
     def test_never_used(self):
-        cid = _channels.create()
+        cid = _channels.create(REPLACE)
         _channels.release(cid)
 
         with self.assertRaises(_channels.ChannelClosedError):
@@ -1309,14 +1322,14 @@ def test_never_used(self):
             _channels.recv(cid)
 
     def test_by_unassociated_interp(self):
-        cid = _channels.create()
+        cid = _channels.create(REPLACE)
         _channels.send(cid, b'spam', blocking=False)
         interp = _interpreters.create()
         _interpreters.run_string(interp, dedent(f"""
             import _interpchannels as _channels
             _channels.release({cid})
             """))
-        obj = _channels.recv(cid)
+        obj = recv_nowait(cid)
         _channels.release(cid)
 
         with self.assertRaises(_channels.ChannelClosedError):
@@ -1325,7 +1338,7 @@ def test_by_unassociated_interp(self):
 
     def test_close_if_unassociated(self):
         # XXX Something's not right with this test...
-        cid = _channels.create()
+        cid = _channels.create(REPLACE)
         interp = _interpreters.create()
         _interpreters.run_string(interp, dedent(f"""
             import _interpchannels as _channels
@@ -1338,21 +1351,21 @@ def test_close_if_unassociated(self):
 
     def test_partially(self):
         # XXX Is partial close too weird/confusing?
-        cid = _channels.create()
+        cid = _channels.create(REPLACE)
         _channels.send(cid, None, blocking=False)
-        _channels.recv(cid)
+        recv_nowait(cid)
         _channels.send(cid, b'spam', blocking=False)
         _channels.release(cid, send=True)
-        obj = _channels.recv(cid)
+        obj = recv_nowait(cid)
 
         self.assertEqual(obj, b'spam')
 
     def test_used_multiple_times_by_single_user(self):
-        cid = _channels.create()
+        cid = _channels.create(REPLACE)
         _channels.send(cid, b'spam', blocking=False)
         _channels.send(cid, b'spam', blocking=False)
         _channels.send(cid, b'spam', blocking=False)
-        _channels.recv(cid)
+        recv_nowait(cid)
         _channels.release(cid, send=True, recv=True)
 
         with self.assertRaises(_channels.ChannelClosedError):
@@ -1428,9 +1441,9 @@ def clean_up(self):
 
     def _new_channel(self, creator):
         if creator.name == 'main':
-            return _channels.create()
+            return _channels.create(REPLACE)
         else:
-            ch = _channels.create()
+            ch = _channels.create(REPLACE)
             run_interp(creator.id, f"""
                 import _interpreters
                 cid = _xxsubchannels.create()
@@ -1439,7 +1452,7 @@ def _new_channel(self, creator):
                 _xxsubchannels.send({ch}, int(cid), blocking=False)
                 del _interpreters
                 """)
-            self._cid = _channels.recv(ch)
+            self._cid = recv_nowait(ch)
         return self._cid
 
     def _get_interpreter(self, interp):
@@ -1657,7 +1670,7 @@ def run_action(self, fix, action, *, hideclosed=True):
                 )
             fix.record_action(action, result)
         else:
-            _cid = _channels.create()
+            _cid = _channels.create(REPLACE)
             run_interp(interp.id, f"""
                 result = helpers.run_action(
                     {fix.cid},
@@ -1670,8 +1683,8 @@ def run_action(self, fix, action, *, hideclosed=True):
                 _channels.send({_cid}, b'X' if result.closed else b'', blocking=False)
                 """)
             result = ChannelState(
-                pending=int.from_bytes(_channels.recv(_cid), 'little'),
-                closed=bool(_channels.recv(_cid)),
+                pending=int.from_bytes(recv_nowait(_cid), 'little'),
+                closed=bool(recv_nowait(_cid)),
                 )
             fix.record_action(action, result)
 
@@ -1729,7 +1742,7 @@ def _assert_closed(self, fix):
         self.assertTrue(fix.state.closed)
 
         for _ in range(fix.state.pending):
-            _channels.recv(fix.cid)
+            recv_nowait(fix.cid)
         self._assert_closed_in_interp(fix)
 
         for interp in ('same', 'other'):
diff --git a/Lib/test/test__interpreters.py b/Lib/test/test__interpreters.py
index beeb280894ea99..14cd50bd30502c 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test__interpreters.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test__interpreters.py
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ def _run_output(interp, request):
 def _wait_for_interp_to_run(interp, timeout=None):
     # bpo-37224: Running this test file in multiprocesses will fail randomly.
     # The failure reason is that the thread can't acquire the cpu to
-    # run subinterpreter eariler than the main thread in multiprocess.
+    # run subinterpreter earlier than the main thread in multiprocess.
     if timeout is None:
         timeout = support.SHORT_TIMEOUT
     for _ in support.sleeping_retry(timeout, error=False):
@@ -849,7 +849,6 @@ def test_execution_namespace_is_main(self):
         ns.pop('__loader__')
         self.assertEqual(ns, {
             '__name__': '__main__',
-            '__annotations__': {},
             '__doc__': None,
             '__package__': None,
             '__spec__': None,
diff --git a/Lib/test/test__locale.py b/Lib/test/test__locale.py
index 0947464bb8c04e..7e6e296c069abb 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test__locale.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test__locale.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from _locale import (setlocale, LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE, LC_NUMERIC, localeconv, Error)
+from _locale import (setlocale, LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE, LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, localeconv, Error)
 try:
     from _locale import (RADIXCHAR, THOUSEP, nl_langinfo)
 except ImportError:
@@ -26,7 +26,10 @@
     'bs_BA', 'fr_LU', 'kl_GL', 'fa_IR', 'de_BE', 'sv_SE', 'it_CH', 'uk_UA',
     'eu_ES', 'vi_VN', 'af_ZA', 'nb_NO', 'en_DK', 'tg_TJ', 'ps_AF', 'en_US',
     'fr_FR.ISO8859-1', 'fr_FR.UTF-8', 'fr_FR.ISO8859-15@euro',
-    'ru_RU.KOI8-R', 'ko_KR.eucKR']
+    'ru_RU.KOI8-R', 'ko_KR.eucKR',
+    'ja_JP.UTF-8', 'lzh_TW.UTF-8', 'my_MM.UTF-8', 'or_IN.UTF-8', 'shn_MM.UTF-8',
+    'ar_AE.UTF-8', 'bn_IN.UTF-8', 'mr_IN.UTF-8', 'th_TH.TIS620',
+]
 
 def setUpModule():
     global candidate_locales
@@ -74,6 +77,19 @@ def accept(loc):
     'ps_AF': ('\u066b', '\u066c'),
 }
 
+known_alt_digits = {
+    'C': (0, {}),
+    'en_US': (0, {}),
+    'fa_IR': (100, {0: '\u06f0\u06f0', 10: '\u06f1\u06f0', 99: '\u06f9\u06f9'}),
+    'ja_JP': (100, {1: '\u4e00', 10: '\u5341', 99: '\u4e5d\u5341\u4e5d'}),
+    'lzh_TW': (32, {0: '\u3007', 10: '\u5341', 31: '\u5345\u4e00'}),
+    'my_MM': (100, {0: '\u1040\u1040', 10: '\u1041\u1040', 99: '\u1049\u1049'}),
+    'or_IN': (100, {0: '\u0b66', 10: '\u0b67\u0b66', 99: '\u0b6f\u0b6f'}),
+    'shn_MM': (100, {0: '\u1090\u1090', 10: '\u1091\u1090', 99: '\u1099\u1099'}),
+    'ar_AE': (100, {0: '\u0660', 10: '\u0661\u0660', 99: '\u0669\u0669'}),
+    'bn_IN': (100, {0: '\u09e6', 10: '\u09e7\u09e6', 99: '\u09ef\u09ef'}),
+}
+
 if sys.platform == 'win32':
     # ps_AF doesn't work on Windows: see bpo-38324 (msg361830)
     del known_numerics['ps_AF']
@@ -115,16 +131,17 @@ def numeric_tester(self, calc_type, calc_value, data_type, used_locale):
     def test_lc_numeric_nl_langinfo(self):
         # Test nl_langinfo against known values
         tested = False
+        oldloc = setlocale(LC_CTYPE)
         for loc in candidate_locales:
             try:
                 setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, loc)
-                setlocale(LC_CTYPE, loc)
             except Error:
                 continue
             for li, lc in ((RADIXCHAR, "decimal_point"),
                             (THOUSEP, "thousands_sep")):
                 if self.numeric_tester('nl_langinfo', nl_langinfo(li), lc, loc):
                     tested = True
+            self.assertEqual(setlocale(LC_CTYPE), oldloc)
         if not tested:
             self.skipTest('no suitable locales')
 
@@ -135,10 +152,10 @@ def test_lc_numeric_nl_langinfo(self):
     def test_lc_numeric_localeconv(self):
         # Test localeconv against known values
         tested = False
+        oldloc = setlocale(LC_CTYPE)
         for loc in candidate_locales:
             try:
                 setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, loc)
-                setlocale(LC_CTYPE, loc)
             except Error:
                 continue
             formatting = localeconv()
@@ -146,6 +163,7 @@ def test_lc_numeric_localeconv(self):
                         "thousands_sep"):
                 if self.numeric_tester('localeconv', formatting[lc], lc, loc):
                     tested = True
+            self.assertEqual(setlocale(LC_CTYPE), oldloc)
         if not tested:
             self.skipTest('no suitable locales')
 
@@ -153,10 +171,10 @@ def test_lc_numeric_localeconv(self):
     def test_lc_numeric_basic(self):
         # Test nl_langinfo against localeconv
         tested = False
+        oldloc = setlocale(LC_CTYPE)
         for loc in candidate_locales:
             try:
                 setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, loc)
-                setlocale(LC_CTYPE, loc)
             except Error:
                 continue
             for li, lc in ((RADIXCHAR, "decimal_point"),
@@ -173,6 +191,42 @@ def test_lc_numeric_basic(self):
                                                 nl_radixchar, li_radixchar,
                                                 loc, set_locale))
                 tested = True
+            self.assertEqual(setlocale(LC_CTYPE), oldloc)
+        if not tested:
+            self.skipTest('no suitable locales')
+
+    @unittest.skipUnless(nl_langinfo, "nl_langinfo is not available")
+    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(locale, 'ALT_DIGITS'), "requires locale.ALT_DIGITS")
+    @unittest.skipIf(
+        support.is_emscripten or support.is_wasi,
+        "musl libc issue on Emscripten, bpo-46390"
+    )
+    def test_alt_digits_nl_langinfo(self):
+        # Test nl_langinfo(ALT_DIGITS)
+        tested = False
+        for loc in candidate_locales:
+            with self.subTest(locale=loc):
+                try:
+                    setlocale(LC_TIME, loc)
+                except Error:
+                    self.skipTest(f'no locale {loc!r}')
+                    continue
+
+                with self.subTest(locale=loc):
+                    alt_digits = nl_langinfo(locale.ALT_DIGITS)
+                    self.assertIsInstance(alt_digits, str)
+                    alt_digits = alt_digits.split(';') if alt_digits else []
+                    if alt_digits:
+                        self.assertGreaterEqual(len(alt_digits), 10, alt_digits)
+                    loc1 = loc.split('.', 1)[0]
+                    if loc1 in known_alt_digits:
+                        count, samples = known_alt_digits[loc1]
+                        if count and not alt_digits:
+                            self.skipTest(f'ALT_DIGITS is not set for locale {loc!r} on this platform')
+                        self.assertEqual(len(alt_digits), count, alt_digits)
+                        for i in samples:
+                            self.assertEqual(alt_digits[i], samples[i])
+                    tested = True
         if not tested:
             self.skipTest('no suitable locales')
 
@@ -180,10 +234,10 @@ def test_float_parsing(self):
         # Bug #1391872: Test whether float parsing is okay on European
         # locales.
         tested = False
+        oldloc = setlocale(LC_CTYPE)
         for loc in candidate_locales:
             try:
                 setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, loc)
-                setlocale(LC_CTYPE, loc)
             except Error:
                 continue
 
@@ -199,6 +253,7 @@ def test_float_parsing(self):
                 self.assertRaises(ValueError, float,
                                   localeconv()['decimal_point'].join(['1', '23']))
             tested = True
+            self.assertEqual(setlocale(LC_CTYPE), oldloc)
         if not tested:
             self.skipTest('no suitable locales')
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test__opcode.py b/Lib/test/test__opcode.py
index 10f04b64dda40e..d5cf014d40daf8 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test__opcode.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test__opcode.py
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ def check_bool_function_result(self, func, ops, expected):
                 self.assertEqual(func(op), expected)
 
     def test_invalid_opcodes(self):
-        invalid = [-100, -1, 255, 512, 513, 1000]
+        invalid = [-100, -1, 512, 513, 1000]
         self.check_bool_function_result(_opcode.is_valid, invalid, False)
         self.check_bool_function_result(_opcode.has_arg, invalid, False)
         self.check_bool_function_result(_opcode.has_const, invalid, False)
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_android.py b/Lib/test/test_android.py
index 115882a4c281f6..a9abd61b9a8d92 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_android.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_android.py
@@ -1,14 +1,17 @@
+import io
 import platform
 import queue
 import re
 import subprocess
 import sys
 import unittest
+from _android_support import TextLogStream
 from array import array
-from contextlib import contextmanager
+from contextlib import ExitStack, contextmanager
 from threading import Thread
 from test.support import LOOPBACK_TIMEOUT
 from time import time
+from unittest.mock import patch
 
 
 if sys.platform != "android":
@@ -16,12 +19,11 @@
 
 api_level = platform.android_ver().api_level
 
+# (name, level, fileno)
+STREAM_INFO = [("stdout", "I", 1), ("stderr", "W", 2)]
+
 
 # Test redirection of stdout and stderr to the Android log.
-@unittest.skipIf(
-    api_level < 23 and platform.machine() == "aarch64",
-    "SELinux blocks reading logs on older ARM64 emulators"
-)
 class TestAndroidOutput(unittest.TestCase):
     maxDiff = None
 
@@ -36,7 +38,8 @@ def logcat_thread():
             for line in self.logcat_process.stdout:
                 self.logcat_queue.put(line.rstrip("\n"))
             self.logcat_process.stdout.close()
-        Thread(target=logcat_thread).start()
+        self.logcat_thread = Thread(target=logcat_thread)
+        self.logcat_thread.start()
 
         from ctypes import CDLL, c_char_p, c_int
         android_log_write = getattr(CDLL("liblog.so"), "__android_log_write")
@@ -72,6 +75,7 @@ def assert_log(self, level, tag, expected, *, skip=False, timeout=0.5):
     def tearDown(self):
         self.logcat_process.terminate()
         self.logcat_process.wait(LOOPBACK_TIMEOUT)
+        self.logcat_thread.join(LOOPBACK_TIMEOUT)
 
     @contextmanager
     def unbuffered(self, stream):
@@ -81,22 +85,43 @@ def unbuffered(self, stream):
         finally:
             stream.reconfigure(write_through=False)
 
+    # In --verbose3 mode, sys.stdout and sys.stderr are captured, so we can't
+    # test them directly. Detect this mode and use some temporary streams with
+    # the same properties.
+    def stream_context(self, stream_name, level):
+        # https://developer.android.com/ndk/reference/group/logging
+        prio = {"I": 4, "W": 5}[level]
+
+        stack = ExitStack()
+        stack.enter_context(self.subTest(stream_name))
+        stream = getattr(sys, stream_name)
+        native_stream = getattr(sys, f"__{stream_name}__")
+        if isinstance(stream, io.StringIO):
+            stack.enter_context(
+                patch(
+                    f"sys.{stream_name}",
+                    TextLogStream(
+                        prio, f"python.{stream_name}", native_stream.fileno(),
+                        errors="backslashreplace"
+                    ),
+                )
+            )
+        return stack
+
     def test_str(self):
-        for stream_name, level in [("stdout", "I"), ("stderr", "W")]:
-            with self.subTest(stream=stream_name):
+        for stream_name, level, fileno in STREAM_INFO:
+            with self.stream_context(stream_name, level):
                 stream = getattr(sys, stream_name)
                 tag = f"python.{stream_name}"
                 self.assertEqual(f"<TextLogStream '{tag}'>", repr(stream))
 
-                self.assertTrue(stream.writable())
-                self.assertFalse(stream.readable())
+                self.assertIs(stream.writable(), True)
+                self.assertIs(stream.readable(), False)
+                self.assertEqual(stream.fileno(), fileno)
                 self.assertEqual("UTF-8", stream.encoding)
-                self.assertTrue(stream.line_buffering)
-                self.assertFalse(stream.write_through)
-
-                # stderr is backslashreplace by default; stdout is configured
-                # that way by libregrtest.main.
                 self.assertEqual("backslashreplace", stream.errors)
+                self.assertIs(stream.line_buffering, True)
+                self.assertIs(stream.write_through, False)
 
                 def write(s, lines=None, *, write_len=None):
                     if write_len is None:
@@ -147,6 +172,13 @@ def write(s, lines=None, *, write_len=None):
                 write("f\n\ng", ["exxf", ""])
                 write("\n", ["g"])
 
+                # Since this is a line-based logging system, line buffering
+                # cannot be turned off, i.e. a newline always causes a flush.
+                stream.reconfigure(line_buffering=False)
+                self.assertIs(stream.line_buffering, True)
+
+                # However, buffering can be turned off completely if you want a
+                # flush after every write.
                 with self.unbuffered(stream):
                     write("\nx", ["", "x"])
                     write("\na\n", ["", "a"])
@@ -209,30 +241,31 @@ def __str__(self):
                 # (MAX_BYTES_PER_WRITE).
                 #
                 # ASCII (1 byte per character)
-                write(("foobar" * 700) + "\n",
-                      [("foobar" * 666) + "foob",  # 4000 bytes
-                       "ar" + ("foobar" * 33)])  # 200 bytes
+                write(("foobar" * 700) + "\n",  # 4200 bytes in
+                      [("foobar" * 666) + "foob",  # 4000 bytes out
+                       "ar" + ("foobar" * 33)])  # 200 bytes out
 
                 # "Full-width" digits 0-9 (3 bytes per character)
                 s = "\uff10\uff11\uff12\uff13\uff14\uff15\uff16\uff17\uff18\uff19"
-                write((s * 150) + "\n",
-                      [s * 100,  # 3000 bytes
-                       s * 50])  # 1500 bytes
+                write((s * 150) + "\n",  # 4500 bytes in
+                      [s * 100,  # 3000 bytes out
+                       s * 50])  # 1500 bytes out
 
                 s = "0123456789"
-                write(s * 200, [])
-                write(s * 150, [])
-                write(s * 51, [s * 350])  # 3500 bytes
-                write("\n", [s * 51])  # 510 bytes
+                write(s * 200, [])  # 2000 bytes in
+                write(s * 150, [])  # 1500 bytes in
+                write(s * 51, [s * 350])  # 510 bytes in, 3500 bytes out
+                write("\n", [s * 51])  # 0 bytes in, 510 bytes out
 
     def test_bytes(self):
-        for stream_name, level in [("stdout", "I"), ("stderr", "W")]:
-            with self.subTest(stream=stream_name):
+        for stream_name, level, fileno in STREAM_INFO:
+            with self.stream_context(stream_name, level):
                 stream = getattr(sys, stream_name).buffer
                 tag = f"python.{stream_name}"
                 self.assertEqual(f"<BinaryLogStream '{tag}'>", repr(stream))
-                self.assertTrue(stream.writable())
-                self.assertFalse(stream.readable())
+                self.assertIs(stream.writable(), True)
+                self.assertIs(stream.readable(), False)
+                self.assertEqual(stream.fileno(), fileno)
 
                 def write(b, lines=None, *, write_len=None):
                     if write_len is None:
@@ -330,3 +363,82 @@ def write(b, lines=None, *, write_len=None):
                             fr"{type(obj).__name__}"
                         ):
                             stream.write(obj)
+
+
+class TestAndroidRateLimit(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_rate_limit(self):
+        # https://cs.android.com/android/platform/superproject/+/android-14.0.0_r1:system/logging/liblog/include/log/log_read.h;l=39
+        PER_MESSAGE_OVERHEAD = 28
+
+        # https://developer.android.com/ndk/reference/group/logging
+        ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG = 3
+
+        # To avoid flooding the test script output, use a different tag rather
+        # than stdout or stderr.
+        tag = "python.rate_limit"
+        stream = TextLogStream(ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG, tag)
+
+        # Make a test message which consumes 1 KB of the logcat buffer.
+        message = "Line {:03d} "
+        message += "." * (
+            1024 - PER_MESSAGE_OVERHEAD - len(tag) - len(message.format(0))
+        ) + "\n"
+
+        # To avoid depending on the performance of the test device, we mock the
+        # passage of time.
+        mock_now = time()
+
+        def mock_time():
+            # Avoid division by zero by simulating a small delay.
+            mock_sleep(0.0001)
+            return mock_now
+
+        def mock_sleep(duration):
+            nonlocal mock_now
+            mock_now += duration
+
+        # See _android_support.py. The default values of these parameters work
+        # well across a wide range of devices, but we'll use smaller values to
+        # ensure a quick and reliable test that doesn't flood the log too much.
+        MAX_KB_PER_SECOND = 100
+        BUCKET_KB = 10
+        with (
+            patch("_android_support.MAX_BYTES_PER_SECOND", MAX_KB_PER_SECOND * 1024),
+            patch("_android_support.BUCKET_SIZE", BUCKET_KB * 1024),
+            patch("_android_support.sleep", mock_sleep),
+            patch("_android_support.time", mock_time),
+        ):
+            # Make sure the token bucket is full.
+            stream.write("Initial message to reset _prev_write_time")
+            mock_sleep(BUCKET_KB / MAX_KB_PER_SECOND)
+            line_num = 0
+
+            # Write BUCKET_KB messages, and return the rate at which they were
+            # accepted in KB per second.
+            def write_bucketful():
+                nonlocal line_num
+                start = mock_time()
+                max_line_num = line_num + BUCKET_KB
+                while line_num < max_line_num:
+                    stream.write(message.format(line_num))
+                    line_num += 1
+                return BUCKET_KB / (mock_time() - start)
+
+            # The first bucketful should be written with minimal delay. The
+            # factor of 2 here is not arbitrary: it verifies that the system can
+            # write fast enough to empty the bucket within two bucketfuls, which
+            # the next part of the test depends on.
+            self.assertGreater(write_bucketful(), MAX_KB_PER_SECOND * 2)
+
+            # Write another bucketful to empty the token bucket completely.
+            write_bucketful()
+
+            # The next bucketful should be written at the rate limit.
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(
+                write_bucketful(), MAX_KB_PER_SECOND,
+                delta=MAX_KB_PER_SECOND * 0.1
+            )
+
+            # Once the token bucket refills, we should go back to full speed.
+            mock_sleep(BUCKET_KB / MAX_KB_PER_SECOND)
+            self.assertGreater(write_bucketful(), MAX_KB_PER_SECOND * 2)
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_annotationlib.py b/Lib/test/test_annotationlib.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..2ca7058c14398c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/test_annotationlib.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1139 @@
+"""Tests for the annotations module."""
+
+import annotationlib
+import builtins
+import collections
+import functools
+import itertools
+import pickle
+import unittest
+from annotationlib import (
+    Format,
+    ForwardRef,
+    get_annotations,
+    get_annotate_function,
+    annotations_to_string,
+    value_to_string,
+)
+from typing import Unpack
+
+from test import support
+from test.test_inspect import inspect_stock_annotations
+from test.test_inspect import inspect_stringized_annotations
+from test.test_inspect import inspect_stringized_annotations_2
+from test.test_inspect import inspect_stringized_annotations_pep695
+
+
+def times_three(fn):
+    @functools.wraps(fn)
+    def wrapper(a, b):
+        return fn(a * 3, b * 3)
+
+    return wrapper
+
+
+class MyClass:
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "my repr"
+
+
+class TestFormat(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_enum(self):
+        self.assertEqual(Format.VALUE.value, 1)
+        self.assertEqual(Format.VALUE, 1)
+
+        self.assertEqual(Format.FORWARDREF.value, 2)
+        self.assertEqual(Format.FORWARDREF, 2)
+
+        self.assertEqual(Format.STRING.value, 3)
+        self.assertEqual(Format.STRING, 3)
+
+
+class TestForwardRefFormat(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_closure(self):
+        def inner(arg: x):
+            pass
+
+        anno = annotationlib.get_annotations(inner, format=Format.FORWARDREF)
+        fwdref = anno["arg"]
+        self.assertIsInstance(fwdref, annotationlib.ForwardRef)
+        self.assertEqual(fwdref.__forward_arg__, "x")
+        with self.assertRaises(NameError):
+            fwdref.evaluate()
+
+        x = 1
+        self.assertEqual(fwdref.evaluate(), x)
+
+        anno = annotationlib.get_annotations(inner, format=Format.FORWARDREF)
+        self.assertEqual(anno["arg"], x)
+
+    def test_function(self):
+        def f(x: int, y: doesntexist):
+            pass
+
+        anno = annotationlib.get_annotations(f, format=Format.FORWARDREF)
+        self.assertIs(anno["x"], int)
+        fwdref = anno["y"]
+        self.assertIsInstance(fwdref, annotationlib.ForwardRef)
+        self.assertEqual(fwdref.__forward_arg__, "doesntexist")
+        with self.assertRaises(NameError):
+            fwdref.evaluate()
+        self.assertEqual(fwdref.evaluate(globals={"doesntexist": 1}), 1)
+
+    def test_nonexistent_attribute(self):
+        def f(
+            x: some.module,
+            y: some[module],
+            z: some(module),
+            alpha: some | obj,
+            beta: +some,
+            gamma: some < obj,
+        ):
+            pass
+
+        anno = annotationlib.get_annotations(f, format=Format.FORWARDREF)
+        x_anno = anno["x"]
+        self.assertIsInstance(x_anno, ForwardRef)
+        self.assertEqual(x_anno, ForwardRef("some.module"))
+
+        y_anno = anno["y"]
+        self.assertIsInstance(y_anno, ForwardRef)
+        self.assertEqual(y_anno, ForwardRef("some[module]"))
+
+        z_anno = anno["z"]
+        self.assertIsInstance(z_anno, ForwardRef)
+        self.assertEqual(z_anno, ForwardRef("some(module)"))
+
+        alpha_anno = anno["alpha"]
+        self.assertIsInstance(alpha_anno, ForwardRef)
+        self.assertEqual(alpha_anno, ForwardRef("some | obj"))
+
+        beta_anno = anno["beta"]
+        self.assertIsInstance(beta_anno, ForwardRef)
+        self.assertEqual(beta_anno, ForwardRef("+some"))
+
+        gamma_anno = anno["gamma"]
+        self.assertIsInstance(gamma_anno, ForwardRef)
+        self.assertEqual(gamma_anno, ForwardRef("some < obj"))
+
+
+class TestSourceFormat(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_closure(self):
+        x = 0
+
+        def inner(arg: x):
+            pass
+
+        anno = annotationlib.get_annotations(inner, format=Format.STRING)
+        self.assertEqual(anno, {"arg": "x"})
+
+    def test_closure_undefined(self):
+        if False:
+            x = 0
+
+        def inner(arg: x):
+            pass
+
+        anno = annotationlib.get_annotations(inner, format=Format.STRING)
+        self.assertEqual(anno, {"arg": "x"})
+
+    def test_function(self):
+        def f(x: int, y: doesntexist):
+            pass
+
+        anno = annotationlib.get_annotations(f, format=Format.STRING)
+        self.assertEqual(anno, {"x": "int", "y": "doesntexist"})
+
+    def test_expressions(self):
+        def f(
+            add: a + b,
+            sub: a - b,
+            mul: a * b,
+            matmul: a @ b,
+            truediv: a / b,
+            mod: a % b,
+            lshift: a << b,
+            rshift: a >> b,
+            or_: a | b,
+            xor: a ^ b,
+            and_: a & b,
+            floordiv: a // b,
+            pow_: a**b,
+            lt: a < b,
+            le: a <= b,
+            eq: a == b,
+            ne: a != b,
+            gt: a > b,
+            ge: a >= b,
+            invert: ~a,
+            neg: -a,
+            pos: +a,
+            getitem: a[b],
+            getattr: a.b,
+            call: a(b, *c, d=e),  # **kwargs are not supported
+            *args: *a,
+        ):
+            pass
+
+        anno = annotationlib.get_annotations(f, format=Format.STRING)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            anno,
+            {
+                "add": "a + b",
+                "sub": "a - b",
+                "mul": "a * b",
+                "matmul": "a @ b",
+                "truediv": "a / b",
+                "mod": "a % b",
+                "lshift": "a << b",
+                "rshift": "a >> b",
+                "or_": "a | b",
+                "xor": "a ^ b",
+                "and_": "a & b",
+                "floordiv": "a // b",
+                "pow_": "a ** b",
+                "lt": "a < b",
+                "le": "a <= b",
+                "eq": "a == b",
+                "ne": "a != b",
+                "gt": "a > b",
+                "ge": "a >= b",
+                "invert": "~a",
+                "neg": "-a",
+                "pos": "+a",
+                "getitem": "a[b]",
+                "getattr": "a.b",
+                "call": "a(b, *c, d=e)",
+                "args": "*a",
+            },
+        )
+
+    def test_reverse_ops(self):
+        def f(
+            radd: 1 + a,
+            rsub: 1 - a,
+            rmul: 1 * a,
+            rmatmul: 1 @ a,
+            rtruediv: 1 / a,
+            rmod: 1 % a,
+            rlshift: 1 << a,
+            rrshift: 1 >> a,
+            ror: 1 | a,
+            rxor: 1 ^ a,
+            rand: 1 & a,
+            rfloordiv: 1 // a,
+            rpow: 1**a,
+        ):
+            pass
+
+        anno = annotationlib.get_annotations(f, format=Format.STRING)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            anno,
+            {
+                "radd": "1 + a",
+                "rsub": "1 - a",
+                "rmul": "1 * a",
+                "rmatmul": "1 @ a",
+                "rtruediv": "1 / a",
+                "rmod": "1 % a",
+                "rlshift": "1 << a",
+                "rrshift": "1 >> a",
+                "ror": "1 | a",
+                "rxor": "1 ^ a",
+                "rand": "1 & a",
+                "rfloordiv": "1 // a",
+                "rpow": "1 ** a",
+            },
+        )
+
+    def test_nested_expressions(self):
+        def f(
+            nested: list[Annotated[set[int], "set of ints", 4j]],
+            set: {a + b},  # single element because order is not guaranteed
+            dict: {a + b: c + d, "key": e + g},
+            list: [a, b, c],
+            tuple: (a, b, c),
+            slice: (a[b:c], a[b:c:d], a[:c], a[b:], a[:], a[::d], a[b::d]),
+            extended_slice: a[:, :, c:d],
+            unpack1: [*a],
+            unpack2: [*a, b, c],
+        ):
+            pass
+
+        anno = annotationlib.get_annotations(f, format=Format.STRING)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            anno,
+            {
+                "nested": "list[Annotated[set[int], 'set of ints', 4j]]",
+                "set": "{a + b}",
+                "dict": "{a + b: c + d, 'key': e + g}",
+                "list": "[a, b, c]",
+                "tuple": "(a, b, c)",
+                "slice": "(a[b:c], a[b:c:d], a[:c], a[b:], a[:], a[::d], a[b::d])",
+                "extended_slice": "a[:, :, c:d]",
+                "unpack1": "[*a]",
+                "unpack2": "[*a, b, c]",
+            },
+        )
+
+    def test_unsupported_operations(self):
+        format_msg = "Cannot stringify annotation containing string formatting"
+
+        def f(fstring: f"{a}"):
+            pass
+
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, format_msg):
+            annotationlib.get_annotations(f, format=Format.STRING)
+
+        def f(fstring_format: f"{a:02d}"):
+            pass
+
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, format_msg):
+            annotationlib.get_annotations(f, format=Format.STRING)
+
+
+class TestForwardRefClass(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_special_attrs(self):
+        # Forward refs provide a different introspection API. __name__ and
+        # __qualname__ make little sense for forward refs as they can store
+        # complex typing expressions.
+        fr = annotationlib.ForwardRef("set[Any]")
+        self.assertFalse(hasattr(fr, "__name__"))
+        self.assertFalse(hasattr(fr, "__qualname__"))
+        self.assertEqual(fr.__module__, "annotationlib")
+        # Forward refs are currently unpicklable once they contain a code object.
+        fr.__forward_code__  # fill the cache
+        for proto in range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
+            with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+                pickle.dumps(fr, proto)
+
+    def test_evaluate_with_type_params(self):
+        class Gen[T]:
+            alias = int
+
+        with self.assertRaises(NameError):
+            ForwardRef("T").evaluate()
+        with self.assertRaises(NameError):
+            ForwardRef("T").evaluate(type_params=())
+        with self.assertRaises(NameError):
+            ForwardRef("T").evaluate(owner=int)
+
+        (T,) = Gen.__type_params__
+        self.assertIs(ForwardRef("T").evaluate(type_params=Gen.__type_params__), T)
+        self.assertIs(ForwardRef("T").evaluate(owner=Gen), T)
+
+        with self.assertRaises(NameError):
+            ForwardRef("alias").evaluate(type_params=Gen.__type_params__)
+        self.assertIs(ForwardRef("alias").evaluate(owner=Gen), int)
+        # If you pass custom locals, we don't look at the owner's locals
+        with self.assertRaises(NameError):
+            ForwardRef("alias").evaluate(owner=Gen, locals={})
+        # But if the name exists in the locals, it works
+        self.assertIs(
+            ForwardRef("alias").evaluate(owner=Gen, locals={"alias": str}), str
+        )
+
+    def test_fwdref_with_module(self):
+        self.assertIs(ForwardRef("Format", module="annotationlib").evaluate(), Format)
+        self.assertIs(
+            ForwardRef("Counter", module="collections").evaluate(), collections.Counter
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            ForwardRef("Counter[int]", module="collections").evaluate(),
+            collections.Counter[int],
+        )
+
+        with self.assertRaises(NameError):
+            # If globals are passed explicitly, we don't look at the module dict
+            ForwardRef("Format", module="annotationlib").evaluate(globals={})
+
+    def test_fwdref_to_builtin(self):
+        self.assertIs(ForwardRef("int").evaluate(), int)
+        self.assertIs(ForwardRef("int", module="collections").evaluate(), int)
+        self.assertIs(ForwardRef("int", owner=str).evaluate(), int)
+
+        # builtins are still searched with explicit globals
+        self.assertIs(ForwardRef("int").evaluate(globals={}), int)
+
+        # explicit values in globals have precedence
+        obj = object()
+        self.assertIs(ForwardRef("int").evaluate(globals={"int": obj}), obj)
+
+    def test_fwdref_value_is_cached(self):
+        fr = ForwardRef("hello")
+        with self.assertRaises(NameError):
+            fr.evaluate()
+        self.assertIs(fr.evaluate(globals={"hello": str}), str)
+        self.assertIs(fr.evaluate(), str)
+
+    def test_fwdref_with_owner(self):
+        self.assertEqual(
+            ForwardRef("Counter[int]", owner=collections).evaluate(),
+            collections.Counter[int],
+        )
+
+    def test_name_lookup_without_eval(self):
+        # test the codepath where we look up simple names directly in the
+        # namespaces without going through eval()
+        self.assertIs(ForwardRef("int").evaluate(), int)
+        self.assertIs(ForwardRef("int").evaluate(locals={"int": str}), str)
+        self.assertIs(
+            ForwardRef("int").evaluate(locals={"int": float}, globals={"int": str}),
+            float,
+        )
+        self.assertIs(ForwardRef("int").evaluate(globals={"int": str}), str)
+        with support.swap_attr(builtins, "int", dict):
+            self.assertIs(ForwardRef("int").evaluate(), dict)
+
+        with self.assertRaises(NameError):
+            ForwardRef("doesntexist").evaluate()
+
+    def test_fwdref_invalid_syntax(self):
+        fr = ForwardRef("if")
+        with self.assertRaises(SyntaxError):
+            fr.evaluate()
+        fr = ForwardRef("1+")
+        with self.assertRaises(SyntaxError):
+            fr.evaluate()
+
+
+class TestGetAnnotations(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_builtin_type(self):
+        self.assertEqual(annotationlib.get_annotations(int), {})
+        self.assertEqual(annotationlib.get_annotations(object), {})
+
+    def test_custom_metaclass(self):
+        class Meta(type):
+            pass
+
+        class C(metaclass=Meta):
+            x: int
+
+        self.assertEqual(annotationlib.get_annotations(C), {"x": int})
+
+    def test_missing_dunder_dict(self):
+        class NoDict(type):
+            @property
+            def __dict__(cls):
+                raise AttributeError
+
+            b: str
+
+        class C1(metaclass=NoDict):
+            a: int
+
+        self.assertEqual(annotationlib.get_annotations(C1), {"a": int})
+        self.assertEqual(
+            annotationlib.get_annotations(C1, format=Format.FORWARDREF),
+            {"a": int},
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            annotationlib.get_annotations(C1, format=Format.STRING),
+            {"a": "int"},
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(annotationlib.get_annotations(NoDict), {"b": str})
+        self.assertEqual(
+            annotationlib.get_annotations(NoDict, format=Format.FORWARDREF),
+            {"b": str},
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            annotationlib.get_annotations(NoDict, format=Format.STRING),
+            {"b": "str"},
+        )
+
+    def test_format(self):
+        def f1(a: int):
+            pass
+
+        def f2(a: undefined):
+            pass
+
+        self.assertEqual(
+            annotationlib.get_annotations(f1, format=Format.VALUE),
+            {"a": int},
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(annotationlib.get_annotations(f1, format=1), {"a": int})
+
+        fwd = annotationlib.ForwardRef("undefined")
+        self.assertEqual(
+            annotationlib.get_annotations(f2, format=Format.FORWARDREF),
+            {"a": fwd},
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(annotationlib.get_annotations(f2, format=2), {"a": fwd})
+
+        self.assertEqual(
+            annotationlib.get_annotations(f1, format=Format.STRING),
+            {"a": "int"},
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(annotationlib.get_annotations(f1, format=3), {"a": "int"})
+
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            annotationlib.get_annotations(f1, format=0)
+
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            annotationlib.get_annotations(f1, format=4)
+
+    def test_custom_object_with_annotations(self):
+        class C:
+            def __init__(self):
+                self.__annotations__ = {"x": int, "y": str}
+
+        self.assertEqual(annotationlib.get_annotations(C()), {"x": int, "y": str})
+
+    def test_custom_format_eval_str(self):
+        def foo():
+            pass
+
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            annotationlib.get_annotations(foo, format=Format.FORWARDREF, eval_str=True)
+            annotationlib.get_annotations(foo, format=Format.STRING, eval_str=True)
+
+    def test_stock_annotations(self):
+        def foo(a: int, b: str):
+            pass
+
+        for format in (Format.VALUE, Format.FORWARDREF):
+            with self.subTest(format=format):
+                self.assertEqual(
+                    annotationlib.get_annotations(foo, format=format),
+                    {"a": int, "b": str},
+                )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            annotationlib.get_annotations(foo, format=Format.STRING),
+            {"a": "int", "b": "str"},
+        )
+
+        foo.__annotations__ = {"a": "foo", "b": "str"}
+        for format in Format:
+            with self.subTest(format=format):
+                self.assertEqual(
+                    annotationlib.get_annotations(foo, format=format),
+                    {"a": "foo", "b": "str"},
+                )
+
+        self.assertEqual(
+            annotationlib.get_annotations(foo, eval_str=True, locals=locals()),
+            {"a": foo, "b": str},
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            annotationlib.get_annotations(foo, eval_str=True, globals=locals()),
+            {"a": foo, "b": str},
+        )
+
+    def test_stock_annotations_in_module(self):
+        isa = inspect_stock_annotations
+
+        for kwargs in [
+            {},
+            {"eval_str": False},
+            {"format": Format.VALUE},
+            {"format": Format.FORWARDREF},
+            {"format": Format.VALUE, "eval_str": False},
+            {"format": Format.FORWARDREF, "eval_str": False},
+        ]:
+            with self.subTest(**kwargs):
+                self.assertEqual(
+                    annotationlib.get_annotations(isa, **kwargs), {"a": int, "b": str}
+                )
+                self.assertEqual(
+                    annotationlib.get_annotations(isa.MyClass, **kwargs),
+                    {"a": int, "b": str},
+                )
+                self.assertEqual(
+                    annotationlib.get_annotations(isa.function, **kwargs),
+                    {"a": int, "b": str, "return": isa.MyClass},
+                )
+                self.assertEqual(
+                    annotationlib.get_annotations(isa.function2, **kwargs),
+                    {"a": int, "b": "str", "c": isa.MyClass, "return": isa.MyClass},
+                )
+                self.assertEqual(
+                    annotationlib.get_annotations(isa.function3, **kwargs),
+                    {"a": "int", "b": "str", "c": "MyClass"},
+                )
+                self.assertEqual(
+                    annotationlib.get_annotations(annotationlib, **kwargs), {}
+                )  # annotations module has no annotations
+                self.assertEqual(
+                    annotationlib.get_annotations(isa.UnannotatedClass, **kwargs), {}
+                )
+                self.assertEqual(
+                    annotationlib.get_annotations(isa.unannotated_function, **kwargs),
+                    {},
+                )
+
+        for kwargs in [
+            {"eval_str": True},
+            {"format": Format.VALUE, "eval_str": True},
+        ]:
+            with self.subTest(**kwargs):
+                self.assertEqual(
+                    annotationlib.get_annotations(isa, **kwargs), {"a": int, "b": str}
+                )
+                self.assertEqual(
+                    annotationlib.get_annotations(isa.MyClass, **kwargs),
+                    {"a": int, "b": str},
+                )
+                self.assertEqual(
+                    annotationlib.get_annotations(isa.function, **kwargs),
+                    {"a": int, "b": str, "return": isa.MyClass},
+                )
+                self.assertEqual(
+                    annotationlib.get_annotations(isa.function2, **kwargs),
+                    {"a": int, "b": str, "c": isa.MyClass, "return": isa.MyClass},
+                )
+                self.assertEqual(
+                    annotationlib.get_annotations(isa.function3, **kwargs),
+                    {"a": int, "b": str, "c": isa.MyClass},
+                )
+                self.assertEqual(
+                    annotationlib.get_annotations(annotationlib, **kwargs), {}
+                )
+                self.assertEqual(
+                    annotationlib.get_annotations(isa.UnannotatedClass, **kwargs), {}
+                )
+                self.assertEqual(
+                    annotationlib.get_annotations(isa.unannotated_function, **kwargs),
+                    {},
+                )
+
+        self.assertEqual(
+            annotationlib.get_annotations(isa, format=Format.STRING),
+            {"a": "int", "b": "str"},
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            annotationlib.get_annotations(isa.MyClass, format=Format.STRING),
+            {"a": "int", "b": "str"},
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            annotationlib.get_annotations(isa.function, format=Format.STRING),
+            {"a": "int", "b": "str", "return": "MyClass"},
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            annotationlib.get_annotations(isa.function2, format=Format.STRING),
+            {"a": "int", "b": "str", "c": "MyClass", "return": "MyClass"},
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            annotationlib.get_annotations(isa.function3, format=Format.STRING),
+            {"a": "int", "b": "str", "c": "MyClass"},
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            annotationlib.get_annotations(annotationlib, format=Format.STRING),
+            {},
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            annotationlib.get_annotations(isa.UnannotatedClass, format=Format.STRING),
+            {},
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            annotationlib.get_annotations(
+                isa.unannotated_function, format=Format.STRING
+            ),
+            {},
+        )
+
+    def test_stock_annotations_on_wrapper(self):
+        isa = inspect_stock_annotations
+
+        wrapped = times_three(isa.function)
+        self.assertEqual(wrapped(1, "x"), isa.MyClass(3, "xxx"))
+        self.assertIsNot(wrapped.__globals__, isa.function.__globals__)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            annotationlib.get_annotations(wrapped),
+            {"a": int, "b": str, "return": isa.MyClass},
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            annotationlib.get_annotations(wrapped, format=Format.FORWARDREF),
+            {"a": int, "b": str, "return": isa.MyClass},
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            annotationlib.get_annotations(wrapped, format=Format.STRING),
+            {"a": "int", "b": "str", "return": "MyClass"},
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            annotationlib.get_annotations(wrapped, eval_str=True),
+            {"a": int, "b": str, "return": isa.MyClass},
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            annotationlib.get_annotations(wrapped, eval_str=False),
+            {"a": int, "b": str, "return": isa.MyClass},
+        )
+
+    def test_stringized_annotations_in_module(self):
+        isa = inspect_stringized_annotations
+        for kwargs in [
+            {},
+            {"eval_str": False},
+            {"format": Format.VALUE},
+            {"format": Format.FORWARDREF},
+            {"format": Format.STRING},
+            {"format": Format.VALUE, "eval_str": False},
+            {"format": Format.FORWARDREF, "eval_str": False},
+            {"format": Format.STRING, "eval_str": False},
+        ]:
+            with self.subTest(**kwargs):
+                self.assertEqual(
+                    annotationlib.get_annotations(isa, **kwargs),
+                    {"a": "int", "b": "str"},
+                )
+                self.assertEqual(
+                    annotationlib.get_annotations(isa.MyClass, **kwargs),
+                    {"a": "int", "b": "str"},
+                )
+                self.assertEqual(
+                    annotationlib.get_annotations(isa.function, **kwargs),
+                    {"a": "int", "b": "str", "return": "MyClass"},
+                )
+                self.assertEqual(
+                    annotationlib.get_annotations(isa.function2, **kwargs),
+                    {"a": "int", "b": "'str'", "c": "MyClass", "return": "MyClass"},
+                )
+                self.assertEqual(
+                    annotationlib.get_annotations(isa.function3, **kwargs),
+                    {"a": "'int'", "b": "'str'", "c": "'MyClass'"},
+                )
+                self.assertEqual(
+                    annotationlib.get_annotations(isa.UnannotatedClass, **kwargs), {}
+                )
+                self.assertEqual(
+                    annotationlib.get_annotations(isa.unannotated_function, **kwargs),
+                    {},
+                )
+
+        for kwargs in [
+            {"eval_str": True},
+            {"format": Format.VALUE, "eval_str": True},
+        ]:
+            with self.subTest(**kwargs):
+                self.assertEqual(
+                    annotationlib.get_annotations(isa, **kwargs), {"a": int, "b": str}
+                )
+                self.assertEqual(
+                    annotationlib.get_annotations(isa.MyClass, **kwargs),
+                    {"a": int, "b": str},
+                )
+                self.assertEqual(
+                    annotationlib.get_annotations(isa.function, **kwargs),
+                    {"a": int, "b": str, "return": isa.MyClass},
+                )
+                self.assertEqual(
+                    annotationlib.get_annotations(isa.function2, **kwargs),
+                    {"a": int, "b": "str", "c": isa.MyClass, "return": isa.MyClass},
+                )
+                self.assertEqual(
+                    annotationlib.get_annotations(isa.function3, **kwargs),
+                    {"a": "int", "b": "str", "c": "MyClass"},
+                )
+                self.assertEqual(
+                    annotationlib.get_annotations(isa.UnannotatedClass, **kwargs), {}
+                )
+                self.assertEqual(
+                    annotationlib.get_annotations(isa.unannotated_function, **kwargs),
+                    {},
+                )
+
+    def test_stringized_annotations_in_empty_module(self):
+        isa2 = inspect_stringized_annotations_2
+        self.assertEqual(annotationlib.get_annotations(isa2), {})
+        self.assertEqual(annotationlib.get_annotations(isa2, eval_str=True), {})
+        self.assertEqual(annotationlib.get_annotations(isa2, eval_str=False), {})
+
+    def test_stringized_annotations_on_wrapper(self):
+        isa = inspect_stringized_annotations
+        wrapped = times_three(isa.function)
+        self.assertEqual(wrapped(1, "x"), isa.MyClass(3, "xxx"))
+        self.assertIsNot(wrapped.__globals__, isa.function.__globals__)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            annotationlib.get_annotations(wrapped),
+            {"a": "int", "b": "str", "return": "MyClass"},
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            annotationlib.get_annotations(wrapped, eval_str=True),
+            {"a": int, "b": str, "return": isa.MyClass},
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            annotationlib.get_annotations(wrapped, eval_str=False),
+            {"a": "int", "b": "str", "return": "MyClass"},
+        )
+
+    def test_stringized_annotations_on_class(self):
+        isa = inspect_stringized_annotations
+        # test that local namespace lookups work
+        self.assertEqual(
+            annotationlib.get_annotations(isa.MyClassWithLocalAnnotations),
+            {"x": "mytype"},
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            annotationlib.get_annotations(
+                isa.MyClassWithLocalAnnotations, eval_str=True
+            ),
+            {"x": int},
+        )
+
+    def test_modify_annotations(self):
+        def f(x: int):
+            pass
+
+        self.assertEqual(annotationlib.get_annotations(f), {"x": int})
+        self.assertEqual(
+            annotationlib.get_annotations(f, format=Format.FORWARDREF),
+            {"x": int},
+        )
+
+        f.__annotations__["x"] = str
+        # The modification is reflected in VALUE (the default)
+        self.assertEqual(annotationlib.get_annotations(f), {"x": str})
+        # ... and also in FORWARDREF, which tries __annotations__ if available
+        self.assertEqual(
+            annotationlib.get_annotations(f, format=Format.FORWARDREF),
+            {"x": str},
+        )
+        # ... but not in STRING which always uses __annotate__
+        self.assertEqual(
+            annotationlib.get_annotations(f, format=Format.STRING),
+            {"x": "int"},
+        )
+
+    def test_non_dict_annotations(self):
+        class WeirdAnnotations:
+            @property
+            def __annotations__(self):
+                return "not a dict"
+
+        wa = WeirdAnnotations()
+        for format in Format:
+            with (
+                self.subTest(format=format),
+                self.assertRaisesRegex(
+                    ValueError, r".*__annotations__ is neither a dict nor None"
+                ),
+            ):
+                annotationlib.get_annotations(wa, format=format)
+
+    def test_annotations_on_custom_object(self):
+        class HasAnnotations:
+            @property
+            def __annotations__(self):
+                return {"x": int}
+
+        ha = HasAnnotations()
+        self.assertEqual(
+            annotationlib.get_annotations(ha, format=Format.VALUE), {"x": int}
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            annotationlib.get_annotations(ha, format=Format.FORWARDREF), {"x": int}
+        )
+
+        self.assertEqual(
+            annotationlib.get_annotations(ha, format=Format.STRING), {"x": "int"}
+        )
+
+    def test_raising_annotations_on_custom_object(self):
+        class HasRaisingAnnotations:
+            @property
+            def __annotations__(self):
+                return {"x": undefined}
+
+        hra = HasRaisingAnnotations()
+
+        with self.assertRaises(NameError):
+            annotationlib.get_annotations(hra, format=Format.VALUE)
+
+        with self.assertRaises(NameError):
+            annotationlib.get_annotations(hra, format=Format.FORWARDREF)
+
+        undefined = float
+        self.assertEqual(
+            annotationlib.get_annotations(hra, format=Format.VALUE), {"x": float}
+        )
+
+    def test_forwardref_prefers_annotations(self):
+        class HasBoth:
+            @property
+            def __annotations__(self):
+                return {"x": int}
+
+            @property
+            def __annotate__(self):
+                return lambda format: {"x": str}
+
+        hb = HasBoth()
+        self.assertEqual(
+            annotationlib.get_annotations(hb, format=Format.VALUE), {"x": int}
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            annotationlib.get_annotations(hb, format=Format.FORWARDREF), {"x": int}
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            annotationlib.get_annotations(hb, format=Format.STRING), {"x": str}
+        )
+
+    def test_pep695_generic_class_with_future_annotations(self):
+        ann_module695 = inspect_stringized_annotations_pep695
+        A_annotations = annotationlib.get_annotations(ann_module695.A, eval_str=True)
+        A_type_params = ann_module695.A.__type_params__
+        self.assertIs(A_annotations["x"], A_type_params[0])
+        self.assertEqual(A_annotations["y"].__args__[0], Unpack[A_type_params[1]])
+        self.assertIs(A_annotations["z"].__args__[0], A_type_params[2])
+
+    def test_pep695_generic_class_with_future_annotations_and_local_shadowing(self):
+        B_annotations = annotationlib.get_annotations(
+            inspect_stringized_annotations_pep695.B, eval_str=True
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(B_annotations, {"x": int, "y": str, "z": bytes})
+
+    def test_pep695_generic_class_with_future_annotations_name_clash_with_global_vars(
+        self,
+    ):
+        ann_module695 = inspect_stringized_annotations_pep695
+        C_annotations = annotationlib.get_annotations(ann_module695.C, eval_str=True)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            set(C_annotations.values()), set(ann_module695.C.__type_params__)
+        )
+
+    def test_pep_695_generic_function_with_future_annotations(self):
+        ann_module695 = inspect_stringized_annotations_pep695
+        generic_func_annotations = annotationlib.get_annotations(
+            ann_module695.generic_function, eval_str=True
+        )
+        func_t_params = ann_module695.generic_function.__type_params__
+        self.assertEqual(
+            generic_func_annotations.keys(), {"x", "y", "z", "zz", "return"}
+        )
+        self.assertIs(generic_func_annotations["x"], func_t_params[0])
+        self.assertEqual(generic_func_annotations["y"], Unpack[func_t_params[1]])
+        self.assertIs(generic_func_annotations["z"].__origin__, func_t_params[2])
+        self.assertIs(generic_func_annotations["zz"].__origin__, func_t_params[2])
+
+    def test_pep_695_generic_function_with_future_annotations_name_clash_with_global_vars(
+        self,
+    ):
+        self.assertEqual(
+            set(
+                annotationlib.get_annotations(
+                    inspect_stringized_annotations_pep695.generic_function_2,
+                    eval_str=True,
+                ).values()
+            ),
+            set(
+                inspect_stringized_annotations_pep695.generic_function_2.__type_params__
+            ),
+        )
+
+    def test_pep_695_generic_method_with_future_annotations(self):
+        ann_module695 = inspect_stringized_annotations_pep695
+        generic_method_annotations = annotationlib.get_annotations(
+            ann_module695.D.generic_method, eval_str=True
+        )
+        params = {
+            param.__name__: param
+            for param in ann_module695.D.generic_method.__type_params__
+        }
+        self.assertEqual(
+            generic_method_annotations,
+            {"x": params["Foo"], "y": params["Bar"], "return": None},
+        )
+
+    def test_pep_695_generic_method_with_future_annotations_name_clash_with_global_vars(
+        self,
+    ):
+        self.assertEqual(
+            set(
+                annotationlib.get_annotations(
+                    inspect_stringized_annotations_pep695.D.generic_method_2,
+                    eval_str=True,
+                ).values()
+            ),
+            set(
+                inspect_stringized_annotations_pep695.D.generic_method_2.__type_params__
+            ),
+        )
+
+    def test_pep_695_generic_method_with_future_annotations_name_clash_with_global_and_local_vars(
+        self,
+    ):
+        self.assertEqual(
+            annotationlib.get_annotations(
+                inspect_stringized_annotations_pep695.E, eval_str=True
+            ),
+            {"x": str},
+        )
+
+    def test_pep_695_generics_with_future_annotations_nested_in_function(self):
+        results = inspect_stringized_annotations_pep695.nested()
+
+        self.assertEqual(
+            set(results.F_annotations.values()), set(results.F.__type_params__)
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            set(results.F_meth_annotations.values()),
+            set(results.F.generic_method.__type_params__),
+        )
+        self.assertNotEqual(
+            set(results.F_meth_annotations.values()), set(results.F.__type_params__)
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            set(results.F_meth_annotations.values()).intersection(
+                results.F.__type_params__
+            ),
+            set(),
+        )
+
+        self.assertEqual(results.G_annotations, {"x": str})
+
+        self.assertEqual(
+            set(results.generic_func_annotations.values()),
+            set(results.generic_func.__type_params__),
+        )
+
+
+class TestCallEvaluateFunction(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_evaluation(self):
+        def evaluate(format, exc=NotImplementedError):
+            if format != 1:
+                raise exc
+            return undefined
+
+        with self.assertRaises(NameError):
+            annotationlib.call_evaluate_function(evaluate, Format.VALUE)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            annotationlib.call_evaluate_function(evaluate, Format.FORWARDREF),
+            annotationlib.ForwardRef("undefined"),
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            annotationlib.call_evaluate_function(evaluate, Format.STRING),
+            "undefined",
+        )
+
+
+class MetaclassTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_annotated_meta(self):
+        class Meta(type):
+            a: int
+
+        class X(metaclass=Meta):
+            pass
+
+        class Y(metaclass=Meta):
+            b: float
+
+        self.assertEqual(get_annotations(Meta), {"a": int})
+        self.assertEqual(get_annotate_function(Meta)(Format.VALUE), {"a": int})
+
+        self.assertEqual(get_annotations(X), {})
+        self.assertIs(get_annotate_function(X), None)
+
+        self.assertEqual(get_annotations(Y), {"b": float})
+        self.assertEqual(get_annotate_function(Y)(Format.VALUE), {"b": float})
+
+    def test_unannotated_meta(self):
+        class Meta(type):
+            pass
+
+        class X(metaclass=Meta):
+            a: str
+
+        class Y(X):
+            pass
+
+        self.assertEqual(get_annotations(Meta), {})
+        self.assertIs(get_annotate_function(Meta), None)
+
+        self.assertEqual(get_annotations(Y), {})
+        self.assertIs(get_annotate_function(Y), None)
+
+        self.assertEqual(get_annotations(X), {"a": str})
+        self.assertEqual(get_annotate_function(X)(Format.VALUE), {"a": str})
+
+    def test_ordering(self):
+        # Based on a sample by David Ellis
+        # https://discuss.python.org/t/pep-749-implementing-pep-649/54974/38
+
+        def make_classes():
+            class Meta(type):
+                a: int
+                expected_annotations = {"a": int}
+
+            class A(type, metaclass=Meta):
+                b: float
+                expected_annotations = {"b": float}
+
+            class B(metaclass=A):
+                c: str
+                expected_annotations = {"c": str}
+
+            class C(B):
+                expected_annotations = {}
+
+            class D(metaclass=Meta):
+                expected_annotations = {}
+
+            return Meta, A, B, C, D
+
+        classes = make_classes()
+        class_count = len(classes)
+        for order in itertools.permutations(range(class_count), class_count):
+            names = ", ".join(classes[i].__name__ for i in order)
+            with self.subTest(names=names):
+                classes = make_classes()  # Regenerate classes
+                for i in order:
+                    get_annotations(classes[i])
+                for c in classes:
+                    with self.subTest(c=c):
+                        self.assertEqual(get_annotations(c), c.expected_annotations)
+                        annotate_func = get_annotate_function(c)
+                        if c.expected_annotations:
+                            self.assertEqual(
+                                annotate_func(Format.VALUE), c.expected_annotations
+                            )
+                        else:
+                            self.assertIs(annotate_func, None)
+
+
+class TestGetAnnotateFunction(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_static_class(self):
+        self.assertIsNone(get_annotate_function(object))
+        self.assertIsNone(get_annotate_function(int))
+
+    def test_unannotated_class(self):
+        class C:
+            pass
+
+        self.assertIsNone(get_annotate_function(C))
+
+        D = type("D", (), {})
+        self.assertIsNone(get_annotate_function(D))
+
+    def test_annotated_class(self):
+        class C:
+            a: int
+
+        self.assertEqual(get_annotate_function(C)(Format.VALUE), {"a": int})
+
+
+class TestToSource(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_value_to_string(self):
+        self.assertEqual(value_to_string(int), "int")
+        self.assertEqual(value_to_string(MyClass), "test.test_annotationlib.MyClass")
+        self.assertEqual(value_to_string(len), "len")
+        self.assertEqual(value_to_string(value_to_string), "value_to_string")
+        self.assertEqual(value_to_string(times_three), "times_three")
+        self.assertEqual(value_to_string(...), "...")
+        self.assertEqual(value_to_string(None), "None")
+        self.assertEqual(value_to_string(1), "1")
+        self.assertEqual(value_to_string("1"), "'1'")
+        self.assertEqual(value_to_string(Format.VALUE), repr(Format.VALUE))
+        self.assertEqual(value_to_string(MyClass()), "my repr")
+
+    def test_annotations_to_string(self):
+        self.assertEqual(annotations_to_string({}), {})
+        self.assertEqual(annotations_to_string({"x": int}), {"x": "int"})
+        self.assertEqual(annotations_to_string({"x": "int"}), {"x": "int"})
+        self.assertEqual(
+            annotations_to_string({"x": int, "y": str}), {"x": "int", "y": "str"}
+        )
+
+
+class TestAnnotationLib(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test__all__(self):
+        support.check__all__(self, annotationlib)
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_argparse.py b/Lib/test/test_argparse.py
index eb1a9f5146beb4..427e6bc6e7220c 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_argparse.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_argparse.py
@@ -6,8 +6,11 @@
 import io
 import operator
 import os
+import py_compile
+import re
 import shutil
 import stat
+import subprocess
 import sys
 import textwrap
 import tempfile
@@ -15,10 +18,22 @@
 import argparse
 import warnings
 
-from test.support import os_helper, captured_stderr
+from enum import StrEnum
+from pathlib import Path
+from test.support import REPO_ROOT
+from test.support import TEST_HOME_DIR
+from test.support import captured_stderr
+from test.support import import_helper
+from test.support import os_helper
+from test.support import requires_subprocess
+from test.support import script_helper
+from test.test_tools import skip_if_missing
 from unittest import mock
 
 
+py = os.path.basename(sys.executable)
+
+
 class StdIOBuffer(io.TextIOWrapper):
     '''Replacement for writable io.StringIO that behaves more like real file
 
@@ -280,16 +295,18 @@ def test_failures(self, tester):
                 parser = self._get_parser(tester)
                 for args_str in tester.failures:
                     args = args_str.split()
-                    with tester.assertRaises(ArgumentParserError, msg=args):
-                        parser.parse_args(args)
+                    with tester.subTest(args=args):
+                        with tester.assertRaises(ArgumentParserError, msg=args):
+                            parser.parse_args(args)
 
             def test_successes(self, tester):
                 parser = self._get_parser(tester)
                 for args, expected_ns in tester.successes:
                     if isinstance(args, str):
                         args = args.split()
-                    result_ns = self._parse_args(parser, args)
-                    tester.assertEqual(expected_ns, result_ns)
+                    with tester.subTest(args=args):
+                        result_ns = self._parse_args(parser, args)
+                        tester.assertEqual(expected_ns, result_ns)
 
         # add tests for each combination of an optionals adding method
         # and an arg parsing method
@@ -378,15 +395,22 @@ class TestOptionalsSingleDashAmbiguous(ParserTestCase):
     """Test Optionals that partially match but are not subsets"""
 
     argument_signatures = [Sig('-foobar'), Sig('-foorab')]
-    failures = ['-f', '-f a', '-fa', '-foa', '-foo', '-fo', '-foo b']
+    failures = ['-f', '-f a', '-fa', '-foa', '-foo', '-fo', '-foo b',
+                '-f=a', '-foo=b']
     successes = [
         ('', NS(foobar=None, foorab=None)),
         ('-foob a', NS(foobar='a', foorab=None)),
+        ('-foob=a', NS(foobar='a', foorab=None)),
         ('-foor a', NS(foobar=None, foorab='a')),
+        ('-foor=a', NS(foobar=None, foorab='a')),
         ('-fooba a', NS(foobar='a', foorab=None)),
+        ('-fooba=a', NS(foobar='a', foorab=None)),
         ('-foora a', NS(foobar=None, foorab='a')),
+        ('-foora=a', NS(foobar=None, foorab='a')),
         ('-foobar a', NS(foobar='a', foorab=None)),
+        ('-foobar=a', NS(foobar='a', foorab=None)),
         ('-foorab a', NS(foobar=None, foorab='a')),
+        ('-foorab=a', NS(foobar=None, foorab='a')),
     ]
 
 
@@ -619,9 +643,9 @@ class TestOptionalsNargsOptional(ParserTestCase):
         Sig('-w', nargs='?'),
         Sig('-x', nargs='?', const=42),
         Sig('-y', nargs='?', default='spam'),
-        Sig('-z', nargs='?', type=int, const='42', default='84'),
+        Sig('-z', nargs='?', type=int, const='42', default='84', choices=[1, 2]),
     ]
-    failures = ['2']
+    failures = ['2', '-z a', '-z 42', '-z 84']
     successes = [
         ('', NS(w=None, x=None, y='spam', z=84)),
         ('-w', NS(w=None, x=None, y='spam', z=84)),
@@ -677,7 +701,7 @@ class TestOptionalsChoices(ParserTestCase):
     argument_signatures = [
         Sig('-f', choices='abc'),
         Sig('-g', type=int, choices=range(5))]
-    failures = ['a', '-f d', '-fad', '-ga', '-g 6']
+    failures = ['a', '-f d', '-f ab', '-fad', '-ga', '-g 6']
     successes = [
         ('', NS(f=None, g=None)),
         ('-f a', NS(f='a', g=None)),
@@ -873,7 +897,9 @@ class TestOptionalsAllowLongAbbreviation(ParserTestCase):
     successes = [
         ('', NS(foo=None, foobaz=None, fooble=False)),
         ('--foo 7', NS(foo='7', foobaz=None, fooble=False)),
+        ('--foo=7', NS(foo='7', foobaz=None, fooble=False)),
         ('--fooba a', NS(foo=None, foobaz='a', fooble=False)),
+        ('--fooba=a', NS(foo=None, foobaz='a', fooble=False)),
         ('--foobl --foo g', NS(foo='g', foobaz=None, fooble=True)),
     ]
 
@@ -912,6 +938,23 @@ class TestOptionalsDisallowLongAbbreviationPrefixChars(ParserTestCase):
     ]
 
 
+class TestOptionalsDisallowSingleDashLongAbbreviation(ParserTestCase):
+    """Do not allow abbreviations of long options at all"""
+
+    parser_signature = Sig(allow_abbrev=False)
+    argument_signatures = [
+        Sig('-foo'),
+        Sig('-foodle', action='store_true'),
+        Sig('-foonly'),
+    ]
+    failures = ['-foon 3', '-food', '-food -foo 2']
+    successes = [
+        ('', NS(foo=None, foodle=False, foonly=None)),
+        ('-foo 3', NS(foo='3', foodle=False, foonly=None)),
+        ('-foonly 7 -foodle -foo 2', NS(foo='2', foodle=True, foonly='7')),
+    ]
+
+
 class TestDisallowLongAbbreviationAllowsShortGrouping(ParserTestCase):
     """Do not allow abbreviations of long options at all"""
 
@@ -950,6 +993,34 @@ class TestDisallowLongAbbreviationAllowsShortGroupingPrefix(ParserTestCase):
     ]
 
 
+class TestStrEnumChoices(TestCase):
+    class Color(StrEnum):
+        RED = "red"
+        GREEN = "green"
+        BLUE = "blue"
+
+    def test_parse_enum_value(self):
+        parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
+        parser.add_argument('--color', choices=self.Color)
+        args = parser.parse_args(['--color', 'red'])
+        self.assertEqual(args.color, self.Color.RED)
+
+    def test_help_message_contains_enum_choices(self):
+        parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
+        parser.add_argument('--color', choices=self.Color, help='Choose a color')
+        self.assertIn('[--color {red,green,blue}]', parser.format_usage())
+        self.assertIn('  --color {red,green,blue}', parser.format_help())
+
+    def test_invalid_enum_value_raises_error(self):
+        parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(exit_on_error=False)
+        parser.add_argument('--color', choices=self.Color)
+        self.assertRaisesRegex(
+            argparse.ArgumentError,
+            r"invalid choice: 'yellow' \(choose from red, green, blue\)",
+            parser.parse_args,
+            ['--color', 'yellow'],
+        )
+
 # ================
 # Positional tests
 # ================
@@ -999,8 +1070,8 @@ class TestPositionalsNargsZeroOrMore(ParserTestCase):
 class TestPositionalsNargsZeroOrMoreDefault(ParserTestCase):
     """Test a Positional that specifies unlimited nargs and a default"""
 
-    argument_signatures = [Sig('foo', nargs='*', default='bar')]
-    failures = ['-x']
+    argument_signatures = [Sig('foo', nargs='*', default='bar', choices=['a', 'b'])]
+    failures = ['-x', 'bar', 'a c']
     successes = [
         ('', NS(foo='bar')),
         ('a', NS(foo=['a'])),
@@ -1033,8 +1104,8 @@ class TestPositionalsNargsOptional(ParserTestCase):
 class TestPositionalsNargsOptionalDefault(ParserTestCase):
     """Tests an Optional Positional with a default value"""
 
-    argument_signatures = [Sig('foo', nargs='?', default=42)]
-    failures = ['-x', 'a b']
+    argument_signatures = [Sig('foo', nargs='?', default=42, choices=['a', 'b'])]
+    failures = ['-x', 'a b', '42']
     successes = [
         ('', NS(foo=42)),
         ('a', NS(foo='a')),
@@ -1047,9 +1118,9 @@ class TestPositionalsNargsOptionalConvertedDefault(ParserTestCase):
     """
 
     argument_signatures = [
-        Sig('foo', nargs='?', type=int, default='42'),
+        Sig('foo', nargs='?', type=int, default='42', choices=[1, 2]),
     ]
-    failures = ['-x', 'a b', '1 2']
+    failures = ['-x', 'a b', '1 2', '42']
     successes = [
         ('', NS(foo=42)),
         ('1', NS(foo=1)),
@@ -1089,57 +1160,87 @@ class TestPositionalsNargs2None(ParserTestCase):
 class TestPositionalsNargsNoneZeroOrMore(ParserTestCase):
     """Test a Positional with no nargs followed by one with unlimited"""
 
-    argument_signatures = [Sig('foo'), Sig('bar', nargs='*')]
-    failures = ['', '--foo']
+    argument_signatures = [Sig('-x'), Sig('foo'), Sig('bar', nargs='*')]
+    failures = ['', '--foo', 'a b -x X c']
     successes = [
-        ('a', NS(foo='a', bar=[])),
-        ('a b', NS(foo='a', bar=['b'])),
-        ('a b c', NS(foo='a', bar=['b', 'c'])),
+        ('a', NS(x=None, foo='a', bar=[])),
+        ('a b', NS(x=None, foo='a', bar=['b'])),
+        ('a b c', NS(x=None, foo='a', bar=['b', 'c'])),
+        ('-x X a', NS(x='X', foo='a', bar=[])),
+        ('a -x X', NS(x='X', foo='a', bar=[])),
+        ('-x X a b', NS(x='X', foo='a', bar=['b'])),
+        ('a -x X b', NS(x='X', foo='a', bar=['b'])),
+        ('a b -x X', NS(x='X', foo='a', bar=['b'])),
+        ('-x X a b c', NS(x='X', foo='a', bar=['b', 'c'])),
+        ('a -x X b c', NS(x='X', foo='a', bar=['b', 'c'])),
+        ('a b c -x X', NS(x='X', foo='a', bar=['b', 'c'])),
     ]
 
 
 class TestPositionalsNargsNoneOneOrMore(ParserTestCase):
     """Test a Positional with no nargs followed by one with one or more"""
 
-    argument_signatures = [Sig('foo'), Sig('bar', nargs='+')]
-    failures = ['', '--foo', 'a']
+    argument_signatures = [Sig('-x'), Sig('foo'), Sig('bar', nargs='+')]
+    failures = ['', '--foo', 'a', 'a b -x X c']
     successes = [
-        ('a b', NS(foo='a', bar=['b'])),
-        ('a b c', NS(foo='a', bar=['b', 'c'])),
+        ('a b', NS(x=None, foo='a', bar=['b'])),
+        ('a b c', NS(x=None, foo='a', bar=['b', 'c'])),
+        ('-x X a b', NS(x='X', foo='a', bar=['b'])),
+        ('a -x X b', NS(x='X', foo='a', bar=['b'])),
+        ('a b -x X', NS(x='X', foo='a', bar=['b'])),
+        ('-x X a b c', NS(x='X', foo='a', bar=['b', 'c'])),
+        ('a -x X b c', NS(x='X', foo='a', bar=['b', 'c'])),
+        ('a b c -x X', NS(x='X', foo='a', bar=['b', 'c'])),
     ]
 
 
 class TestPositionalsNargsNoneOptional(ParserTestCase):
     """Test a Positional with no nargs followed by one with an Optional"""
 
-    argument_signatures = [Sig('foo'), Sig('bar', nargs='?')]
+    argument_signatures = [Sig('-x'), Sig('foo'), Sig('bar', nargs='?')]
     failures = ['', '--foo', 'a b c']
     successes = [
-        ('a', NS(foo='a', bar=None)),
-        ('a b', NS(foo='a', bar='b')),
+        ('a', NS(x=None, foo='a', bar=None)),
+        ('a b', NS(x=None, foo='a', bar='b')),
+        ('-x X a', NS(x='X', foo='a', bar=None)),
+        ('a -x X', NS(x='X', foo='a', bar=None)),
+        ('-x X a b', NS(x='X', foo='a', bar='b')),
+        ('a -x X b', NS(x='X', foo='a', bar='b')),
+        ('a b -x X', NS(x='X', foo='a', bar='b')),
     ]
 
 
 class TestPositionalsNargsZeroOrMoreNone(ParserTestCase):
     """Test a Positional with unlimited nargs followed by one with none"""
 
-    argument_signatures = [Sig('foo', nargs='*'), Sig('bar')]
-    failures = ['', '--foo']
+    argument_signatures = [Sig('-x'), Sig('foo', nargs='*'), Sig('bar')]
+    failures = ['', '--foo', 'a -x X b', 'a -x X b c', 'a b -x X c']
     successes = [
-        ('a', NS(foo=[], bar='a')),
-        ('a b', NS(foo=['a'], bar='b')),
-        ('a b c', NS(foo=['a', 'b'], bar='c')),
+        ('a', NS(x=None, foo=[], bar='a')),
+        ('a b', NS(x=None, foo=['a'], bar='b')),
+        ('a b c', NS(x=None, foo=['a', 'b'], bar='c')),
+        ('-x X a', NS(x='X', foo=[], bar='a')),
+        ('a -x X', NS(x='X', foo=[], bar='a')),
+        ('-x X a b', NS(x='X', foo=['a'], bar='b')),
+        ('a b -x X', NS(x='X', foo=['a'], bar='b')),
+        ('-x X a b c', NS(x='X', foo=['a', 'b'], bar='c')),
+        ('a b c -x X', NS(x='X', foo=['a', 'b'], bar='c')),
     ]
 
 
 class TestPositionalsNargsOneOrMoreNone(ParserTestCase):
     """Test a Positional with one or more nargs followed by one with none"""
 
-    argument_signatures = [Sig('foo', nargs='+'), Sig('bar')]
-    failures = ['', '--foo', 'a']
+    argument_signatures = [Sig('-x'), Sig('foo', nargs='+'), Sig('bar')]
+    failures = ['', '--foo', 'a', 'a -x X b c', 'a b -x X c']
     successes = [
-        ('a b', NS(foo=['a'], bar='b')),
-        ('a b c', NS(foo=['a', 'b'], bar='c')),
+        ('a b', NS(x=None, foo=['a'], bar='b')),
+        ('a b c', NS(x=None, foo=['a', 'b'], bar='c')),
+        ('-x X a b', NS(x='X', foo=['a'], bar='b')),
+        ('a -x X b', NS(x='X', foo=['a'], bar='b')),
+        ('a b -x X', NS(x='X', foo=['a'], bar='b')),
+        ('-x X a b c', NS(x='X', foo=['a', 'b'], bar='c')),
+        ('a b c -x X', NS(x='X', foo=['a', 'b'], bar='c')),
     ]
 
 
@@ -1224,14 +1325,21 @@ class TestPositionalsNargsNoneZeroOrMore1(ParserTestCase):
     """Test three Positionals: no nargs, unlimited nargs and 1 nargs"""
 
     argument_signatures = [
+        Sig('-x'),
         Sig('foo'),
         Sig('bar', nargs='*'),
         Sig('baz', nargs=1),
     ]
-    failures = ['', '--foo', 'a']
+    failures = ['', '--foo', 'a', 'a b -x X c']
     successes = [
-        ('a b', NS(foo='a', bar=[], baz=['b'])),
-        ('a b c', NS(foo='a', bar=['b'], baz=['c'])),
+        ('a b', NS(x=None, foo='a', bar=[], baz=['b'])),
+        ('a b c', NS(x=None, foo='a', bar=['b'], baz=['c'])),
+        ('-x X a b', NS(x='X', foo='a', bar=[], baz=['b'])),
+        ('a -x X b', NS(x='X', foo='a', bar=[], baz=['b'])),
+        ('a b -x X', NS(x='X', foo='a', bar=[], baz=['b'])),
+        ('-x X a b c', NS(x='X', foo='a', bar=['b'], baz=['c'])),
+        ('a -x X b c', NS(x='X', foo='a', bar=['b'], baz=['c'])),
+        ('a b c -x X', NS(x='X', foo='a', bar=['b'], baz=['c'])),
     ]
 
 
@@ -1239,14 +1347,22 @@ class TestPositionalsNargsNoneOneOrMore1(ParserTestCase):
     """Test three Positionals: no nargs, one or more nargs and 1 nargs"""
 
     argument_signatures = [
+        Sig('-x'),
         Sig('foo'),
         Sig('bar', nargs='+'),
         Sig('baz', nargs=1),
     ]
-    failures = ['', '--foo', 'a', 'b']
+    failures = ['', '--foo', 'a', 'b', 'a b -x X c d', 'a b c -x X d']
     successes = [
-        ('a b c', NS(foo='a', bar=['b'], baz=['c'])),
-        ('a b c d', NS(foo='a', bar=['b', 'c'], baz=['d'])),
+        ('a b c', NS(x=None, foo='a', bar=['b'], baz=['c'])),
+        ('a b c d', NS(x=None, foo='a', bar=['b', 'c'], baz=['d'])),
+        ('-x X a b c', NS(x='X', foo='a', bar=['b'], baz=['c'])),
+        ('a -x X b c', NS(x='X', foo='a', bar=['b'], baz=['c'])),
+        ('a b -x X c', NS(x='X', foo='a', bar=['b'], baz=['c'])),
+        ('a b c -x X', NS(x='X', foo='a', bar=['b'], baz=['c'])),
+        ('-x X a b c d', NS(x='X', foo='a', bar=['b', 'c'], baz=['d'])),
+        ('a -x X b c d', NS(x='X', foo='a', bar=['b', 'c'], baz=['d'])),
+        ('a b c d -x X', NS(x='X', foo='a', bar=['b', 'c'], baz=['d'])),
     ]
 
 
@@ -1254,14 +1370,21 @@ class TestPositionalsNargsNoneOptional1(ParserTestCase):
     """Test three Positionals: no nargs, optional narg and 1 nargs"""
 
     argument_signatures = [
+        Sig('-x'),
         Sig('foo'),
         Sig('bar', nargs='?', default=0.625),
         Sig('baz', nargs=1),
     ]
-    failures = ['', '--foo', 'a']
+    failures = ['', '--foo', 'a', 'a b -x X c']
     successes = [
-        ('a b', NS(foo='a', bar=0.625, baz=['b'])),
-        ('a b c', NS(foo='a', bar='b', baz=['c'])),
+        ('a b', NS(x=None, foo='a', bar=0.625, baz=['b'])),
+        ('a b c', NS(x=None, foo='a', bar='b', baz=['c'])),
+        ('-x X a b', NS(x='X', foo='a', bar=0.625, baz=['b'])),
+        ('a -x X b', NS(x='X', foo='a', bar=0.625, baz=['b'])),
+        ('a b -x X', NS(x='X', foo='a', bar=0.625, baz=['b'])),
+        ('-x X a b c', NS(x='X', foo='a', bar='b', baz=['c'])),
+        ('a -x X b c', NS(x='X', foo='a', bar='b', baz=['c'])),
+        ('a b c -x X', NS(x='X', foo='a', bar='b', baz=['c'])),
     ]
 
 
@@ -1477,6 +1600,9 @@ class TestNargsRemainder(ParserTestCase):
     successes = [
         ('X', NS(x='X', y=[], z=None)),
         ('-z Z X', NS(x='X', y=[], z='Z')),
+        ('-z Z X A B', NS(x='X', y=['A', 'B'], z='Z')),
+        ('X -z Z A B', NS(x='X', y=['-z', 'Z', 'A', 'B'], z=None)),
+        ('X A -z Z B', NS(x='X', y=['A', '-z', 'Z', 'B'], z=None)),
         ('X A B -z Z', NS(x='X', y=['A', 'B', '-z', 'Z'], z=None)),
         ('X Y --foo', NS(x='X', y=['Y', '--foo'], z=None)),
     ]
@@ -1513,18 +1639,24 @@ class TestDefaultSuppress(ParserTestCase):
     """Test actions with suppressed defaults"""
 
     argument_signatures = [
-        Sig('foo', nargs='?', default=argparse.SUPPRESS),
-        Sig('bar', nargs='*', default=argparse.SUPPRESS),
+        Sig('foo', nargs='?', type=int, default=argparse.SUPPRESS),
+        Sig('bar', nargs='*', type=int, default=argparse.SUPPRESS),
         Sig('--baz', action='store_true', default=argparse.SUPPRESS),
+        Sig('--qux', nargs='?', type=int, default=argparse.SUPPRESS),
+        Sig('--quux', nargs='*', type=int, default=argparse.SUPPRESS),
     ]
-    failures = ['-x']
+    failures = ['-x', 'a', '1 a']
     successes = [
         ('', NS()),
-        ('a', NS(foo='a')),
-        ('a b', NS(foo='a', bar=['b'])),
+        ('1', NS(foo=1)),
+        ('1 2', NS(foo=1, bar=[2])),
         ('--baz', NS(baz=True)),
-        ('a --baz', NS(foo='a', baz=True)),
-        ('--baz a b', NS(foo='a', bar=['b'], baz=True)),
+        ('1 --baz', NS(foo=1, baz=True)),
+        ('--baz 1 2', NS(foo=1, bar=[2], baz=True)),
+        ('--qux', NS(qux=None)),
+        ('--qux 1', NS(qux=1)),
+        ('--quux', NS(quux=[])),
+        ('--quux 1 2', NS(quux=[1, 2])),
     ]
 
 
@@ -1648,27 +1780,43 @@ def convert_arg_line_to_args(self, arg_line):
 # Type conversion tests
 # =====================
 
+def FileType(*args, **kwargs):
+    with warnings.catch_warnings():
+        warnings.filterwarnings('ignore', 'FileType is deprecated',
+                                PendingDeprecationWarning, __name__)
+        return argparse.FileType(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+class TestFileTypeDeprecation(TestCase):
+
+    def test(self):
+        with self.assertWarns(PendingDeprecationWarning) as cm:
+            argparse.FileType()
+        self.assertIn('FileType is deprecated', str(cm.warning))
+        self.assertEqual(cm.filename, __file__)
+
+
 class TestFileTypeRepr(TestCase):
 
     def test_r(self):
-        type = argparse.FileType('r')
+        type = FileType('r')
         self.assertEqual("FileType('r')", repr(type))
 
     def test_wb_1(self):
-        type = argparse.FileType('wb', 1)
+        type = FileType('wb', 1)
         self.assertEqual("FileType('wb', 1)", repr(type))
 
     def test_r_latin(self):
-        type = argparse.FileType('r', encoding='latin_1')
+        type = FileType('r', encoding='latin_1')
         self.assertEqual("FileType('r', encoding='latin_1')", repr(type))
 
     def test_w_big5_ignore(self):
-        type = argparse.FileType('w', encoding='big5', errors='ignore')
+        type = FileType('w', encoding='big5', errors='ignore')
         self.assertEqual("FileType('w', encoding='big5', errors='ignore')",
                          repr(type))
 
     def test_r_1_replace(self):
-        type = argparse.FileType('r', 1, errors='replace')
+        type = FileType('r', 1, errors='replace')
         self.assertEqual("FileType('r', 1, errors='replace')", repr(type))
 
 
@@ -1722,7 +1870,6 @@ def __eq__(self, other):
             text = text.decode('ascii')
         return self.name == other.name == text
 
-
 class TestFileTypeR(TempDirMixin, ParserTestCase):
     """Test the FileType option/argument type for reading files"""
 
@@ -1735,8 +1882,8 @@ def setUp(self):
         self.create_readonly_file('readonly')
 
     argument_signatures = [
-        Sig('-x', type=argparse.FileType()),
-        Sig('spam', type=argparse.FileType('r')),
+        Sig('-x', type=FileType()),
+        Sig('spam', type=FileType('r')),
     ]
     failures = ['-x', '', 'non-existent-file.txt']
     successes = [
@@ -1756,7 +1903,7 @@ def setUp(self):
         file.close()
 
     argument_signatures = [
-        Sig('-c', type=argparse.FileType('r'), default='no-file.txt'),
+        Sig('-c', type=FileType('r'), default='no-file.txt'),
     ]
     # should provoke no such file error
     failures = ['']
@@ -1775,8 +1922,8 @@ def setUp(self):
                 file.write(file_name)
 
     argument_signatures = [
-        Sig('-x', type=argparse.FileType('rb')),
-        Sig('spam', type=argparse.FileType('rb')),
+        Sig('-x', type=FileType('rb')),
+        Sig('spam', type=FileType('rb')),
     ]
     failures = ['-x', '']
     successes = [
@@ -1814,8 +1961,8 @@ def setUp(self):
         self.create_writable_file('writable')
 
     argument_signatures = [
-        Sig('-x', type=argparse.FileType('w')),
-        Sig('spam', type=argparse.FileType('w')),
+        Sig('-x', type=FileType('w')),
+        Sig('spam', type=FileType('w')),
     ]
     failures = ['-x', '', 'readonly']
     successes = [
@@ -1837,8 +1984,8 @@ def setUp(self):
         self.create_writable_file('writable')
 
     argument_signatures = [
-        Sig('-x', type=argparse.FileType('x')),
-        Sig('spam', type=argparse.FileType('x')),
+        Sig('-x', type=FileType('x')),
+        Sig('spam', type=FileType('x')),
     ]
     failures = ['-x', '', 'readonly', 'writable']
     successes = [
@@ -1852,8 +1999,8 @@ class TestFileTypeWB(TempDirMixin, ParserTestCase):
     """Test the FileType option/argument type for writing binary files"""
 
     argument_signatures = [
-        Sig('-x', type=argparse.FileType('wb')),
-        Sig('spam', type=argparse.FileType('wb')),
+        Sig('-x', type=FileType('wb')),
+        Sig('spam', type=FileType('wb')),
     ]
     failures = ['-x', '']
     successes = [
@@ -1869,8 +2016,8 @@ class TestFileTypeXB(TestFileTypeX):
     "Test the FileType option/argument type for writing new binary files only"
 
     argument_signatures = [
-        Sig('-x', type=argparse.FileType('xb')),
-        Sig('spam', type=argparse.FileType('xb')),
+        Sig('-x', type=FileType('xb')),
+        Sig('spam', type=FileType('xb')),
     ]
     successes = [
         ('-x foo bar', NS(x=WFile('foo'), spam=WFile('bar'))),
@@ -1882,7 +2029,7 @@ class TestFileTypeOpenArgs(TestCase):
     """Test that open (the builtin) is correctly called"""
 
     def test_open_args(self):
-        FT = argparse.FileType
+        FT = FileType
         cases = [
             (FT('rb'), ('rb', -1, None, None)),
             (FT('w', 1), ('w', 1, None, None)),
@@ -1897,7 +2044,7 @@ def test_open_args(self):
 
     def test_invalid_file_type(self):
         with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
-            argparse.FileType('b')('-test')
+            FileType('b')('-test')
 
 
 class TestFileTypeMissingInitialization(TestCase):
@@ -2093,6 +2240,130 @@ class TestActionExtend(ParserTestCase):
     ]
 
 
+class TestNegativeNumber(ParserTestCase):
+    """Test parsing negative numbers"""
+
+    argument_signatures = [
+        Sig('--int', type=int),
+        Sig('--float', type=float),
+        Sig('--complex', type=complex),
+    ]
+    failures = [
+        '--float -_.45',
+        '--float -1__000.0',
+        '--float -1.0.0',
+        '--int -1__000',
+        '--int -1.0',
+        '--complex -1__000.0j',
+        '--complex -1.0jj',
+        '--complex -_.45j',
+    ]
+    successes = [
+        ('--int -1000 --float -1000.0', NS(int=-1000, float=-1000.0, complex=None)),
+        ('--int -1_000 --float -1_000.0', NS(int=-1000, float=-1000.0, complex=None)),
+        ('--int -1_000_000 --float -1_000_000.0', NS(int=-1000000, float=-1000000.0, complex=None)),
+        ('--float -1_000.0', NS(int=None, float=-1000.0, complex=None)),
+        ('--float -1_000_000.0_0', NS(int=None, float=-1000000.0, complex=None)),
+        ('--float -.5', NS(int=None, float=-0.5, complex=None)),
+        ('--float -.5_000', NS(int=None, float=-0.5, complex=None)),
+        ('--float -1e3', NS(int=None, float=-1000, complex=None)),
+        ('--float -1e-3', NS(int=None, float=-0.001, complex=None)),
+        ('--complex -1j', NS(int=None, float=None, complex=-1j)),
+        ('--complex -1_000j', NS(int=None, float=None, complex=-1000j)),
+        ('--complex -1_000.0j', NS(int=None, float=None, complex=-1000.0j)),
+        ('--complex -1e3j', NS(int=None, float=None, complex=-1000j)),
+        ('--complex -1e-3j', NS(int=None, float=None, complex=-0.001j)),
+    ]
+
+class TestArgumentAndSubparserSuggestions(TestCase):
+    """Test error handling and suggestion when a user makes a typo"""
+
+    def test_wrong_argument_error_with_suggestions(self):
+        parser = ErrorRaisingArgumentParser(suggest_on_error=True)
+        parser.add_argument('foo', choices=['bar', 'baz'])
+        with self.assertRaises(ArgumentParserError) as excinfo:
+            parser.parse_args(('bazz',))
+        self.assertIn(
+            "error: argument foo: invalid choice: 'bazz', maybe you meant 'baz'? (choose from bar, baz)",
+            excinfo.exception.stderr
+        )
+
+    def test_wrong_argument_error_no_suggestions(self):
+        parser = ErrorRaisingArgumentParser(suggest_on_error=False)
+        parser.add_argument('foo', choices=['bar', 'baz'])
+        with self.assertRaises(ArgumentParserError) as excinfo:
+            parser.parse_args(('bazz',))
+        self.assertIn(
+            "error: argument foo: invalid choice: 'bazz' (choose from bar, baz)",
+            excinfo.exception.stderr,
+        )
+
+    def test_wrong_argument_subparsers_with_suggestions(self):
+        parser = ErrorRaisingArgumentParser(suggest_on_error=True)
+        subparsers = parser.add_subparsers(required=True)
+        subparsers.add_parser('foo')
+        subparsers.add_parser('bar')
+        with self.assertRaises(ArgumentParserError) as excinfo:
+            parser.parse_args(('baz',))
+        self.assertIn(
+            "error: argument {foo,bar}: invalid choice: 'baz', maybe you meant"
+             " 'bar'? (choose from foo, bar)",
+            excinfo.exception.stderr,
+        )
+
+    def test_wrong_argument_subparsers_no_suggestions(self):
+        parser = ErrorRaisingArgumentParser(suggest_on_error=False)
+        subparsers = parser.add_subparsers(required=True)
+        subparsers.add_parser('foo')
+        subparsers.add_parser('bar')
+        with self.assertRaises(ArgumentParserError) as excinfo:
+            parser.parse_args(('baz',))
+        self.assertIn(
+            "error: argument {foo,bar}: invalid choice: 'baz' (choose from foo, bar)",
+            excinfo.exception.stderr,
+        )
+
+    def test_wrong_argument_no_suggestion_implicit(self):
+        parser = ErrorRaisingArgumentParser()
+        parser.add_argument('foo', choices=['bar', 'baz'])
+        with self.assertRaises(ArgumentParserError) as excinfo:
+            parser.parse_args(('bazz',))
+        self.assertIn(
+            "error: argument foo: invalid choice: 'bazz' (choose from bar, baz)",
+            excinfo.exception.stderr,
+        )
+
+    def test_suggestions_choices_empty(self):
+        parser = ErrorRaisingArgumentParser(suggest_on_error=True)
+        parser.add_argument('foo', choices=[])
+        with self.assertRaises(ArgumentParserError) as excinfo:
+            parser.parse_args(('bazz',))
+        self.assertIn(
+            "error: argument foo: invalid choice: 'bazz' (choose from )",
+            excinfo.exception.stderr,
+        )
+
+    def test_suggestions_choices_int(self):
+        parser = ErrorRaisingArgumentParser(suggest_on_error=True)
+        parser.add_argument('foo', choices=[1, 2])
+        with self.assertRaises(ArgumentParserError) as excinfo:
+            parser.parse_args(('3',))
+        self.assertIn(
+            "error: argument foo: invalid choice: '3' (choose from 1, 2)",
+            excinfo.exception.stderr,
+        )
+
+    def test_suggestions_choices_mixed_types(self):
+        parser = ErrorRaisingArgumentParser(suggest_on_error=True)
+        parser.add_argument('foo', choices=[1, '2'])
+        with self.assertRaises(ArgumentParserError) as excinfo:
+            parser.parse_args(('3',))
+        self.assertIn(
+            "error: argument foo: invalid choice: '3' (choose from 1, 2)",
+            excinfo.exception.stderr,
+        )
+
+
 class TestInvalidAction(TestCase):
     """Test invalid user defined Action"""
 
@@ -2147,7 +2418,9 @@ def _get_parser(self, subparser_help=False, prefix_chars=None,
         else:
             subparsers_kwargs['help'] = 'command help'
         subparsers = parser.add_subparsers(**subparsers_kwargs)
-        self.assertArgumentParserError(parser.add_subparsers)
+        self.assertRaisesRegex(argparse.ArgumentError,
+                               'cannot have multiple subparser arguments',
+                               parser.add_subparsers)
 
         # add first sub-parser
         parser1_kwargs = dict(description='1 description')
@@ -2157,14 +2430,14 @@ def _get_parser(self, subparser_help=False, prefix_chars=None,
             parser1_kwargs['aliases'] = ['1alias1', '1alias2']
         parser1 = subparsers.add_parser('1', **parser1_kwargs)
         parser1.add_argument('-w', type=int, help='w help')
-        parser1.add_argument('x', choices='abc', help='x help')
+        parser1.add_argument('x', choices=['a', 'b', 'c'], help='x help')
 
         # add second sub-parser
         parser2_kwargs = dict(description='2 description')
         if subparser_help:
             parser2_kwargs['help'] = '2 help'
         parser2 = subparsers.add_parser('2', **parser2_kwargs)
-        parser2.add_argument('-y', choices='123', help='y help')
+        parser2.add_argument('-y', choices=['1', '2', '3'], help='y help')
         parser2.add_argument('z', type=complex, nargs='*', help='z help')
 
         # add third sub-parser
@@ -2231,6 +2504,40 @@ def test_parse_known_args(self):
             (NS(foo=False, bar=0.5, w=7, x='b'), ['-W', '-X', 'Y', 'Z']),
         )
 
+    def test_parse_known_args_to_class_namespace(self):
+        class C:
+            pass
+        self.assertEqual(
+            self.parser.parse_known_args('0.5 1 b -w 7 -p'.split(), namespace=C),
+            (C, ['-p']),
+        )
+        self.assertIs(C.foo, False)
+        self.assertEqual(C.bar, 0.5)
+        self.assertEqual(C.w, 7)
+        self.assertEqual(C.x, 'b')
+
+    def test_abbreviation(self):
+        parser = ErrorRaisingArgumentParser()
+        parser.add_argument('--foodle')
+        parser.add_argument('--foonly')
+        subparsers = parser.add_subparsers()
+        parser1 = subparsers.add_parser('bar')
+        parser1.add_argument('--fo')
+        parser1.add_argument('--foonew')
+
+        self.assertEqual(parser.parse_args(['--food', 'baz', 'bar']),
+                         NS(foodle='baz', foonly=None, fo=None, foonew=None))
+        self.assertEqual(parser.parse_args(['--foon', 'baz', 'bar']),
+                         NS(foodle=None, foonly='baz', fo=None, foonew=None))
+        self.assertArgumentParserError(parser.parse_args, ['--fo', 'baz', 'bar'])
+        self.assertEqual(parser.parse_args(['bar', '--fo', 'baz']),
+                         NS(foodle=None, foonly=None, fo='baz', foonew=None))
+        self.assertEqual(parser.parse_args(['bar', '--foo', 'baz']),
+                         NS(foodle=None, foonly=None, fo=None, foonew='baz'))
+        self.assertEqual(parser.parse_args(['bar', '--foon', 'baz']),
+                         NS(foodle=None, foonly=None, fo=None, foonew='baz'))
+        self.assertArgumentParserError(parser.parse_args, ['bar', '--food', 'baz'])
+
     def test_parse_known_args_with_single_dash_option(self):
         parser = ErrorRaisingArgumentParser()
         parser.add_argument('-k', '--known', action='count', default=0)
@@ -2309,18 +2616,6 @@ def test_required_subparsers_no_destination_error(self):
             'error: the following arguments are required: {foo,bar}\n$'
         )
 
-    def test_wrong_argument_subparsers_no_destination_error(self):
-        parser = ErrorRaisingArgumentParser()
-        subparsers = parser.add_subparsers(required=True)
-        subparsers.add_parser('foo')
-        subparsers.add_parser('bar')
-        with self.assertRaises(ArgumentParserError) as excinfo:
-            parser.parse_args(('baz',))
-        self.assertRegex(
-            excinfo.exception.stderr,
-            r"error: argument {foo,bar}: invalid choice: 'baz' \(choose from 'foo', 'bar'\)\n$"
-        )
-
     def test_optional_subparsers(self):
         parser = ErrorRaisingArgumentParser()
         subparsers = parser.add_subparsers(dest='command', required=False)
@@ -2456,6 +2751,29 @@ def test_parser_command_help(self):
               --foo       foo help
             '''))
 
+    def assert_bad_help(self, context_type, func, *args, **kwargs):
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, 'badly formed help string') as cm:
+            func(*args, **kwargs)
+        self.assertIsInstance(cm.exception.__context__, context_type)
+
+    def test_invalid_subparsers_help(self):
+        parser = ErrorRaisingArgumentParser(prog='PROG')
+        self.assert_bad_help(ValueError, parser.add_subparsers, help='%Y-%m-%d')
+        parser = ErrorRaisingArgumentParser(prog='PROG')
+        self.assert_bad_help(KeyError, parser.add_subparsers, help='%(spam)s')
+        parser = ErrorRaisingArgumentParser(prog='PROG')
+        self.assert_bad_help(TypeError, parser.add_subparsers, help='%(prog)d')
+
+    def test_invalid_subparser_help(self):
+        parser = ErrorRaisingArgumentParser(prog='PROG')
+        subparsers = parser.add_subparsers()
+        self.assert_bad_help(ValueError, subparsers.add_parser, '1',
+                             help='%Y-%m-%d')
+        self.assert_bad_help(KeyError, subparsers.add_parser, '1',
+                             help='%(spam)s')
+        self.assert_bad_help(TypeError, subparsers.add_parser, '1',
+                             help='%(prog)d')
+
     def test_subparser_title_help(self):
         parser = ErrorRaisingArgumentParser(prog='PROG',
                                             description='main description')
@@ -2597,6 +2915,31 @@ def test_interleaved_groups(self):
         result = parser.parse_args('1 2 3 4'.split())
         self.assertEqual(expected, result)
 
+class TestGroupConstructor(TestCase):
+    def test_group_prefix_chars(self):
+        parser = ErrorRaisingArgumentParser()
+        msg = (
+            "The use of the undocumented 'prefix_chars' parameter in "
+            "ArgumentParser.add_argument_group() is deprecated."
+        )
+        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning) as cm:
+            parser.add_argument_group(prefix_chars='-+')
+        self.assertEqual(msg, str(cm.warning))
+        self.assertEqual(cm.filename, __file__)
+
+    def test_group_prefix_chars_default(self):
+        # "default" isn't quite the right word here, but it's the same as
+        # the parser's default prefix so it's a good test
+        parser = ErrorRaisingArgumentParser()
+        msg = (
+            "The use of the undocumented 'prefix_chars' parameter in "
+            "ArgumentParser.add_argument_group() is deprecated."
+        )
+        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning) as cm:
+            parser.add_argument_group(prefix_chars='-')
+        self.assertEqual(msg, str(cm.warning))
+        self.assertEqual(cm.filename, __file__)
+
 # ===================
 # Parent parser tests
 # ===================
@@ -2633,8 +2976,6 @@ def setUp(self):
         group.add_argument('-a', action='store_true')
         group.add_argument('-b', action='store_true')
 
-        self.main_program = os.path.basename(sys.argv[0])
-
     def test_single_parent(self):
         parser = ErrorRaisingArgumentParser(parents=[self.wxyz_parent])
         self.assertEqual(parser.parse_args('-y 1 2 --w 3'.split()),
@@ -2645,7 +2986,7 @@ def test_single_parent_mutex(self):
         parser = ErrorRaisingArgumentParser(parents=[self.ab_mutex_parent])
         self._test_mutex_ab(parser.parse_args)
 
-    def test_single_granparent_mutex(self):
+    def test_single_grandparent_mutex(self):
         parents = [self.ab_mutex_parent]
         parser = ErrorRaisingArgumentParser(add_help=False, parents=parents)
         parser = ErrorRaisingArgumentParser(parents=[parser])
@@ -2724,11 +3065,10 @@ def test_subparser_parents_mutex(self):
 
     def test_parent_help(self):
         parents = [self.abcd_parent, self.wxyz_parent]
-        parser = ErrorRaisingArgumentParser(parents=parents)
+        parser = ErrorRaisingArgumentParser(prog='PROG', parents=parents)
         parser_help = parser.format_help()
-        progname = self.main_program
         self.assertEqual(parser_help, textwrap.dedent('''\
-            usage: {}{}[-h] [-b B] [--d D] [--w W] [-y Y] a z
+            usage: PROG [-h] [-b B] [--d D] [--w W] [-y Y] a z
 
             positional arguments:
               a
@@ -2744,7 +3084,7 @@ def test_parent_help(self):
 
             x:
               -y Y
-        '''.format(progname, ' ' if progname else '' )))
+        '''))
 
     def test_groups_parents(self):
         parent = ErrorRaisingArgumentParser(add_help=False)
@@ -2754,15 +3094,14 @@ def test_groups_parents(self):
         m = parent.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
         m.add_argument('-y')
         m.add_argument('-z')
-        parser = ErrorRaisingArgumentParser(parents=[parent])
+        parser = ErrorRaisingArgumentParser(prog='PROG', parents=[parent])
 
         self.assertRaises(ArgumentParserError, parser.parse_args,
             ['-y', 'Y', '-z', 'Z'])
 
         parser_help = parser.format_help()
-        progname = self.main_program
         self.assertEqual(parser_help, textwrap.dedent('''\
-            usage: {}{}[-h] [-w W] [-x X] [-y Y | -z Z]
+            usage: PROG [-h] [-w W] [-x X] [-y Y | -z Z]
 
             options:
               -h, --help  show this help message and exit
@@ -2774,11 +3113,40 @@ def test_groups_parents(self):
 
               -w W
               -x X
-        '''.format(progname, ' ' if progname else '' )))
+        '''))
 
     def test_wrong_type_parents(self):
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, ErrorRaisingArgumentParser, parents=[1])
 
+    def test_mutex_groups_parents(self):
+        parent = ErrorRaisingArgumentParser(add_help=False)
+        g = parent.add_argument_group(title='g', description='gd')
+        g.add_argument('-w')
+        g.add_argument('-x')
+        m = g.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
+        m.add_argument('-y')
+        m.add_argument('-z')
+        parser = ErrorRaisingArgumentParser(prog='PROG', parents=[parent])
+
+        self.assertRaises(ArgumentParserError, parser.parse_args,
+            ['-y', 'Y', '-z', 'Z'])
+
+        parser_help = parser.format_help()
+        self.assertEqual(parser_help, textwrap.dedent('''\
+            usage: PROG [-h] [-w W] [-x X] [-y Y | -z Z]
+
+            options:
+              -h, --help  show this help message and exit
+
+            g:
+              gd
+
+              -w W
+              -x X
+              -y Y
+              -z Z
+        '''))
+
 # ==============================
 # Mutually exclusive group tests
 # ==============================
@@ -2821,6 +3189,29 @@ def test_help(self):
               '''
         self.assertEqual(parser.format_help(), textwrap.dedent(expected))
 
+    def test_optional_order(self):
+        parser = ErrorRaisingArgumentParser(prog='PROG')
+        group = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group(required=True)
+        group.add_argument('--foo')
+        group.add_argument('bar', nargs='?')
+        expected = '''\
+            usage: PROG [-h] (--foo FOO | bar)
+
+            positional arguments:
+              bar
+
+            options:
+              -h, --help  show this help message and exit
+              --foo FOO
+              '''
+        self.assertEqual(parser.format_help(), textwrap.dedent(expected))
+
+        parser = ErrorRaisingArgumentParser(prog='PROG')
+        group = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group(required=True)
+        group.add_argument('bar', nargs='?')
+        group.add_argument('--foo')
+        self.assertEqual(parser.format_help(), textwrap.dedent(expected))
+
     def test_help_subparser_all_mutually_exclusive_group_members_suppressed(self):
         self.maxDiff = None
         parser = ErrorRaisingArgumentParser(prog='PROG')
@@ -2855,26 +3246,30 @@ def test_failures_when_not_required(self):
         parse_args = self.get_parser(required=False).parse_args
         error = ArgumentParserError
         for args_string in self.failures:
-            self.assertRaises(error, parse_args, args_string.split())
+            with self.subTest(args=args_string):
+                self.assertRaises(error, parse_args, args_string.split())
 
     def test_failures_when_required(self):
         parse_args = self.get_parser(required=True).parse_args
         error = ArgumentParserError
         for args_string in self.failures + ['']:
-            self.assertRaises(error, parse_args, args_string.split())
+            with self.subTest(args=args_string):
+                self.assertRaises(error, parse_args, args_string.split())
 
     def test_successes_when_not_required(self):
         parse_args = self.get_parser(required=False).parse_args
         successes = self.successes + self.successes_when_not_required
         for args_string, expected_ns in successes:
-            actual_ns = parse_args(args_string.split())
-            self.assertEqual(actual_ns, expected_ns)
+            with self.subTest(args=args_string):
+                actual_ns = parse_args(args_string.split())
+                self.assertEqual(actual_ns, expected_ns)
 
     def test_successes_when_required(self):
         parse_args = self.get_parser(required=True).parse_args
         for args_string, expected_ns in self.successes:
-            actual_ns = parse_args(args_string.split())
-            self.assertEqual(actual_ns, expected_ns)
+            with self.subTest(args=args_string):
+                actual_ns = parse_args(args_string.split())
+                self.assertEqual(actual_ns, expected_ns)
 
     def test_usage_when_not_required(self):
         format_usage = self.get_parser(required=False).format_usage
@@ -2957,12 +3352,12 @@ def get_parser(self, required=None):
     ]
 
     usage_when_not_required = '''\
-    usage: PROG [-h] [--abcde ABCDE] [--fghij FGHIJ]
-                [--klmno KLMNO | --pqrst PQRST]
+    usage: PROG [-h] [--abcde ABCDE] [--fghij FGHIJ] [--klmno KLMNO |
+                --pqrst PQRST]
     '''
     usage_when_required = '''\
-    usage: PROG [-h] [--abcde ABCDE] [--fghij FGHIJ]
-                (--klmno KLMNO | --pqrst PQRST)
+    usage: PROG [-h] [--abcde ABCDE] [--fghij FGHIJ] (--klmno KLMNO |
+                --pqrst PQRST)
     '''
     help = '''\
 
@@ -3051,7 +3446,7 @@ def get_parser(self, required):
         group = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group(required=required)
         group.add_argument('--foo', action='store_true', help='FOO')
         group.add_argument('--spam', help='SPAM')
-        group.add_argument('badger', nargs='*', default='X', help='BADGER')
+        group.add_argument('badger', nargs='*', help='BADGER')
         return parser
 
     failures = [
@@ -3062,13 +3457,13 @@ def get_parser(self, required):
         '--foo X Y',
     ]
     successes = [
-        ('--foo', NS(foo=True, spam=None, badger='X')),
-        ('--spam S', NS(foo=False, spam='S', badger='X')),
+        ('--foo', NS(foo=True, spam=None, badger=[])),
+        ('--spam S', NS(foo=False, spam='S', badger=[])),
         ('X', NS(foo=False, spam=None, badger=['X'])),
         ('X Y Z', NS(foo=False, spam=None, badger=['X', 'Y', 'Z'])),
     ]
     successes_when_not_required = [
-        ('', NS(foo=False, spam=None, badger='X')),
+        ('', NS(foo=False, spam=None, badger=[])),
     ]
 
     usage_when_not_required = '''\
@@ -3261,6 +3656,111 @@ def get_parser(self, required):
     test_successes_when_not_required = None
     test_successes_when_required = None
 
+
+class TestMutuallyExclusiveOptionalOptional(MEMixin, TestCase):
+    def get_parser(self, required=None):
+        parser = ErrorRaisingArgumentParser(prog='PROG')
+        group = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group(required=required)
+        group.add_argument('--foo')
+        group.add_argument('--bar', nargs='?')
+        return parser
+
+    failures = [
+        '--foo X --bar Y',
+        '--foo X --bar',
+    ]
+    successes = [
+        ('--foo X', NS(foo='X', bar=None)),
+        ('--bar X', NS(foo=None, bar='X')),
+        ('--bar', NS(foo=None, bar=None)),
+    ]
+    successes_when_not_required = [
+        ('', NS(foo=None, bar=None)),
+    ]
+    usage_when_required = '''\
+        usage: PROG [-h] (--foo FOO | --bar [BAR])
+        '''
+    usage_when_not_required = '''\
+        usage: PROG [-h] [--foo FOO | --bar [BAR]]
+        '''
+    help = '''\
+
+        options:
+          -h, --help   show this help message and exit
+          --foo FOO
+          --bar [BAR]
+        '''
+
+
+class TestMutuallyExclusiveOptionalWithDefault(MEMixin, TestCase):
+    def get_parser(self, required=None):
+        parser = ErrorRaisingArgumentParser(prog='PROG')
+        group = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group(required=required)
+        group.add_argument('--foo')
+        group.add_argument('--bar', type=bool, default=True)
+        return parser
+
+    failures = [
+        '--foo X --bar Y',
+        '--foo X --bar=',
+    ]
+    successes = [
+        ('--foo X', NS(foo='X', bar=True)),
+        ('--bar X', NS(foo=None, bar=True)),
+        ('--bar=', NS(foo=None, bar=False)),
+    ]
+    successes_when_not_required = [
+        ('', NS(foo=None, bar=True)),
+    ]
+    usage_when_required = '''\
+        usage: PROG [-h] (--foo FOO | --bar BAR)
+        '''
+    usage_when_not_required = '''\
+        usage: PROG [-h] [--foo FOO | --bar BAR]
+        '''
+    help = '''\
+
+        options:
+          -h, --help  show this help message and exit
+          --foo FOO
+          --bar BAR
+        '''
+
+
+class TestMutuallyExclusivePositionalWithDefault(MEMixin, TestCase):
+    def get_parser(self, required=None):
+        parser = ErrorRaisingArgumentParser(prog='PROG')
+        group = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group(required=required)
+        group.add_argument('--foo')
+        group.add_argument('bar', nargs='?', type=bool, default=True)
+        return parser
+
+    failures = [
+        '--foo X Y',
+    ]
+    successes = [
+        ('--foo X', NS(foo='X', bar=True)),
+        ('X', NS(foo=None, bar=True)),
+    ]
+    successes_when_not_required = [
+        ('', NS(foo=None, bar=True)),
+    ]
+    usage_when_required = '''\
+        usage: PROG [-h] (--foo FOO | bar)
+        '''
+    usage_when_not_required = '''\
+        usage: PROG [-h] [--foo FOO | bar]
+        '''
+    help = '''\
+
+        positional arguments:
+          bar
+
+        options:
+          -h, --help  show this help message and exit
+          --foo FOO
+        '''
+
 # =================================================
 # Mutually exclusive group in parent parser tests
 # =================================================
@@ -4345,6 +4845,24 @@ def test_nested_mutex_groups(self):
         ''')
         self.assertEqual(parser.format_usage(), usage)
 
+    def test_long_mutex_groups_wrap(self):
+        parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='PROG')
+        g = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
+        g.add_argument('--op1', metavar='MET', nargs='?')
+        g.add_argument('--op2', metavar=('MET1', 'MET2'), nargs='*')
+        g.add_argument('--op3', nargs='*')
+        g.add_argument('--op4', metavar=('MET1', 'MET2'), nargs='+')
+        g.add_argument('--op5', nargs='+')
+        g.add_argument('--op6', nargs=3)
+        g.add_argument('--op7', metavar=('MET1', 'MET2', 'MET3'), nargs=3)
+
+        usage = textwrap.dedent('''\
+        usage: PROG [-h] [--op1 [MET] | --op2 [MET1 [MET2 ...]] | --op3 [OP3 ...] |
+                    --op4 MET1 [MET2 ...] | --op5 OP5 [OP5 ...] | --op6 OP6 OP6 OP6 |
+                    --op7 MET1 MET2 MET3]
+        ''')
+        self.assertEqual(parser.format_usage(), usage)
+
 
 class TestHelpVariableExpansion(HelpTestCase):
     """Test that variables are expanded properly in help messages"""
@@ -4355,7 +4873,7 @@ class TestHelpVariableExpansion(HelpTestCase):
             help='x %(prog)s %(default)s %(type)s %%'),
         Sig('-y', action='store_const', default=42, const='XXX',
             help='y %(prog)s %(default)s %(const)s'),
-        Sig('--foo', choices='abc',
+        Sig('--foo', choices=['a', 'b', 'c'],
             help='foo %(prog)s %(default)s %(choices)s'),
         Sig('--bar', default='baz', choices=[1, 2], metavar='BBB',
             help='bar %(prog)s %(default)s %(dest)s'),
@@ -4598,7 +5116,7 @@ class TestHelpNone(HelpTestCase):
     version = ''
 
 
-class TestHelpTupleMetavar(HelpTestCase):
+class TestHelpTupleMetavarOptional(HelpTestCase):
     """Test specifying metavar as a tuple"""
 
     parser_signature = Sig(prog='PROG')
@@ -4625,6 +5143,34 @@ class TestHelpTupleMetavar(HelpTestCase):
     version = ''
 
 
+class TestHelpTupleMetavarPositional(HelpTestCase):
+    """Test specifying metavar on a Positional as a tuple"""
+
+    parser_signature = Sig(prog='PROG')
+    argument_signatures = [
+        Sig('w', help='w help', nargs='+', metavar=('W1', 'W2')),
+        Sig('x', help='x help', nargs='*', metavar=('X1', 'X2')),
+        Sig('y', help='y help', nargs=3, metavar=('Y1', 'Y2', 'Y3')),
+        Sig('z', help='z help', nargs='?', metavar=('Z1',)),
+    ]
+    argument_group_signatures = []
+    usage = '''\
+        usage: PROG [-h] W1 [W2 ...] [X1 [X2 ...]] Y1 Y2 Y3 [Z1]
+        '''
+    help = usage + '''\
+
+        positional arguments:
+          W1 W2       w help
+          X1 X2       x help
+          Y1 Y2 Y3    y help
+          Z1          z help
+
+        options:
+          -h, --help  show this help message and exit
+        '''
+    version = ''
+
+
 class TestHelpRawText(HelpTestCase):
     """Test the RawTextHelpFormatter"""
 
@@ -4918,6 +5464,46 @@ def custom_type(string):
     version = ''
 
 
+class TestHelpUsageLongSubparserCommand(TestCase):
+    """Test that subparser commands are formatted correctly in help"""
+    maxDiff = None
+
+    def test_parent_help(self):
+        def custom_formatter(prog):
+            return argparse.RawTextHelpFormatter(prog, max_help_position=50)
+
+        parent_parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+                prog='PROG',
+                formatter_class=custom_formatter
+        )
+
+        cmd_subparsers = parent_parser.add_subparsers(title="commands",
+                                                      metavar='CMD',
+                                                      help='command to use')
+        cmd_subparsers.add_parser("add",
+                                  help="add something")
+
+        cmd_subparsers.add_parser("remove",
+                                  help="remove something")
+
+        cmd_subparsers.add_parser("a-very-long-command",
+                                  help="command that does something")
+
+        parser_help = parent_parser.format_help()
+        self.assertEqual(parser_help, textwrap.dedent('''\
+            usage: PROG [-h] CMD ...
+
+            options:
+              -h, --help             show this help message and exit
+
+            commands:
+              CMD                    command to use
+                add                  add something
+                remove               remove something
+                a-very-long-command  command that does something
+        '''))
+
+
 # =====================================
 # Optional/Positional constructor tests
 # =====================================
@@ -4925,15 +5511,15 @@ def custom_type(string):
 class TestInvalidArgumentConstructors(TestCase):
     """Test a bunch of invalid Argument constructors"""
 
-    def assertTypeError(self, *args, **kwargs):
+    def assertTypeError(self, *args, errmsg=None, **kwargs):
         parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, parser.add_argument,
-                          *args, **kwargs)
+        self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, errmsg, parser.add_argument,
+                               *args, **kwargs)
 
-    def assertValueError(self, *args, **kwargs):
+    def assertValueError(self, *args, errmsg=None, **kwargs):
         parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
-        self.assertRaises(ValueError, parser.add_argument,
-                          *args, **kwargs)
+        self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, errmsg, parser.add_argument,
+                               *args, **kwargs)
 
     def test_invalid_keyword_arguments(self):
         self.assertTypeError('-x', bar=None)
@@ -4943,8 +5529,9 @@ def test_invalid_keyword_arguments(self):
 
     def test_missing_destination(self):
         self.assertTypeError()
-        for action in ['append', 'store']:
-            self.assertTypeError(action=action)
+        for action in ['store', 'append', 'extend']:
+            with self.subTest(action=action):
+                self.assertTypeError(action=action)
 
     def test_invalid_option_strings(self):
         self.assertValueError('--')
@@ -4961,55 +5548,73 @@ def test_invalid_action(self):
         self.assertValueError('-x', action='foo')
         self.assertValueError('foo', action='baz')
         self.assertValueError('--foo', action=('store', 'append'))
-        parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as cm:
-            parser.add_argument("--foo", action="store-true")
-        self.assertIn('unknown action', str(cm.exception))
+        self.assertValueError('--foo', action="store-true",
+                              errmsg='unknown action')
+
+    def test_invalid_help(self):
+        self.assertValueError('--foo', help='%Y-%m-%d',
+                              errmsg='badly formed help string')
+        self.assertValueError('--foo', help='%(spam)s',
+                              errmsg='badly formed help string')
+        self.assertValueError('--foo', help='%(prog)d',
+                              errmsg='badly formed help string')
 
     def test_multiple_dest(self):
         parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
         parser.add_argument(dest='foo')
         with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as cm:
             parser.add_argument('bar', dest='baz')
-        self.assertIn('dest supplied twice for positional argument',
+        self.assertIn('dest supplied twice for positional argument,'
+                      ' did you mean metavar?',
                       str(cm.exception))
 
     def test_no_argument_actions(self):
         for action in ['store_const', 'store_true', 'store_false',
                        'append_const', 'count']:
-            for attrs in [dict(type=int), dict(nargs='+'),
-                          dict(choices='ab')]:
-                self.assertTypeError('-x', action=action, **attrs)
+            with self.subTest(action=action):
+                for attrs in [dict(type=int), dict(nargs='+'),
+                              dict(choices=['a', 'b'])]:
+                    with self.subTest(attrs=attrs):
+                        self.assertTypeError('-x', action=action, **attrs)
+                        self.assertTypeError('x', action=action, **attrs)
+                self.assertValueError('x', action=action,
+                    errmsg=f"action '{action}' is not valid for positional arguments")
+                self.assertTypeError('-x', action=action, nargs=0)
+                self.assertValueError('x', action=action, nargs=0,
+                    errmsg='nargs for positionals must be != 0')
 
     def test_no_argument_no_const_actions(self):
         # options with zero arguments
         for action in ['store_true', 'store_false', 'count']:
+            with self.subTest(action=action):
+                # const is always disallowed
+                self.assertTypeError('-x', const='foo', action=action)
 
-            # const is always disallowed
-            self.assertTypeError('-x', const='foo', action=action)
-
-            # nargs is always disallowed
-            self.assertTypeError('-x', nargs='*', action=action)
+                # nargs is always disallowed
+                self.assertTypeError('-x', nargs='*', action=action)
 
     def test_more_than_one_argument_actions(self):
-        for action in ['store', 'append']:
-
-            # nargs=0 is disallowed
-            self.assertValueError('-x', nargs=0, action=action)
-            self.assertValueError('spam', nargs=0, action=action)
-
-            # const is disallowed with non-optional arguments
-            for nargs in [1, '*', '+']:
-                self.assertValueError('-x', const='foo',
-                                      nargs=nargs, action=action)
-                self.assertValueError('spam', const='foo',
-                                      nargs=nargs, action=action)
+        for action in ['store', 'append', 'extend']:
+            with self.subTest(action=action):
+                # nargs=0 is disallowed
+                action_name = 'append' if action == 'extend' else action
+                self.assertValueError('-x', nargs=0, action=action,
+                    errmsg=f'nargs for {action_name} actions must be != 0')
+                self.assertValueError('spam', nargs=0, action=action,
+                    errmsg='nargs for positionals must be != 0')
+
+                # const is disallowed with non-optional arguments
+                for nargs in [1, '*', '+']:
+                    self.assertValueError('-x', const='foo',
+                                          nargs=nargs, action=action)
+                    self.assertValueError('spam', const='foo',
+                                          nargs=nargs, action=action)
 
     def test_required_const_actions(self):
         for action in ['store_const', 'append_const']:
-
-            # nargs is always disallowed
-            self.assertTypeError('-x', nargs='+', action=action)
+            with self.subTest(action=action):
+                # nargs is always disallowed
+                self.assertTypeError('-x', nargs='+', action=action)
 
     def test_parsers_action_missing_params(self):
         self.assertTypeError('command', action='parsers')
@@ -5680,8 +6285,34 @@ def test_zero_or_more_optional(self):
         args = parser.parse_args([])
         self.assertEqual(NS(x=[]), args)
 
-    def test_double_dash(self):
-        parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
+
+class TestDoubleDash(TestCase):
+    def test_single_argument_option(self):
+        parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(exit_on_error=False)
+        parser.add_argument('-f', '--foo')
+        parser.add_argument('bar', nargs='*')
+
+        args = parser.parse_args(['--foo=--'])
+        self.assertEqual(NS(foo='--', bar=[]), args)
+        self.assertRaisesRegex(argparse.ArgumentError,
+            'argument -f/--foo: expected one argument',
+            parser.parse_args, ['--foo', '--'])
+        args = parser.parse_args(['-f--'])
+        self.assertEqual(NS(foo='--', bar=[]), args)
+        self.assertRaisesRegex(argparse.ArgumentError,
+            'argument -f/--foo: expected one argument',
+            parser.parse_args, ['-f', '--'])
+        args = parser.parse_args(['--foo', 'a', '--', 'b', 'c'])
+        self.assertEqual(NS(foo='a', bar=['b', 'c']), args)
+        args = parser.parse_args(['a', 'b', '--foo', 'c'])
+        self.assertEqual(NS(foo='c', bar=['a', 'b']), args)
+        args = parser.parse_args(['a', '--', 'b', '--foo', 'c'])
+        self.assertEqual(NS(foo=None, bar=['a', 'b', '--foo', 'c']), args)
+        args = parser.parse_args(['a', '--', 'b', '--', 'c', '--foo', 'd'])
+        self.assertEqual(NS(foo=None, bar=['a', 'b', '--', 'c', '--foo', 'd']), args)
+
+    def test_multiple_argument_option(self):
+        parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(exit_on_error=False)
         parser.add_argument('-f', '--foo', nargs='*')
         parser.add_argument('bar', nargs='*')
 
@@ -5695,6 +6326,91 @@ def test_double_dash(self):
         self.assertEqual(NS(foo=[], bar=[]), args)
         args = parser.parse_args(['--foo', 'a', 'b', '--', 'c', 'd'])
         self.assertEqual(NS(foo=['a', 'b'], bar=['c', 'd']), args)
+        args = parser.parse_args(['a', 'b', '--foo', 'c', 'd'])
+        self.assertEqual(NS(foo=['c', 'd'], bar=['a', 'b']), args)
+        args = parser.parse_args(['a', '--', 'b', '--foo', 'c', 'd'])
+        self.assertEqual(NS(foo=None, bar=['a', 'b', '--foo', 'c', 'd']), args)
+        args, argv = parser.parse_known_args(['a', 'b', '--foo', 'c', '--', 'd'])
+        self.assertEqual(NS(foo=['c'], bar=['a', 'b']), args)
+        self.assertEqual(argv, ['--', 'd'])
+
+    def test_multiple_double_dashes(self):
+        parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(exit_on_error=False)
+        parser.add_argument('foo')
+        parser.add_argument('bar', nargs='*')
+
+        args = parser.parse_args(['--', 'a', 'b', 'c'])
+        self.assertEqual(NS(foo='a', bar=['b', 'c']), args)
+        args = parser.parse_args(['a', '--', 'b', 'c'])
+        self.assertEqual(NS(foo='a', bar=['b', 'c']), args)
+        args = parser.parse_args(['a', 'b', '--', 'c'])
+        self.assertEqual(NS(foo='a', bar=['b', 'c']), args)
+        args = parser.parse_args(['a', '--', 'b', '--', 'c'])
+        self.assertEqual(NS(foo='a', bar=['b', '--', 'c']), args)
+        args = parser.parse_args(['--', '--', 'a', '--', 'b', 'c'])
+        self.assertEqual(NS(foo='--', bar=['a', '--', 'b', 'c']), args)
+
+    def test_remainder(self):
+        parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(exit_on_error=False)
+        parser.add_argument('foo')
+        parser.add_argument('bar', nargs='...')
+
+        args = parser.parse_args(['--', 'a', 'b', 'c'])
+        self.assertEqual(NS(foo='a', bar=['b', 'c']), args)
+        args = parser.parse_args(['a', '--', 'b', 'c'])
+        self.assertEqual(NS(foo='a', bar=['b', 'c']), args)
+        args = parser.parse_args(['a', 'b', '--', 'c'])
+        self.assertEqual(NS(foo='a', bar=['b', '--', 'c']), args)
+        args = parser.parse_args(['a', '--', 'b', '--', 'c'])
+        self.assertEqual(NS(foo='a', bar=['b', '--', 'c']), args)
+
+        parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(exit_on_error=False)
+        parser.add_argument('--foo')
+        parser.add_argument('bar', nargs='...')
+        args = parser.parse_args(['--foo', 'a', '--', 'b', '--', 'c'])
+        self.assertEqual(NS(foo='a', bar=['--', 'b', '--', 'c']), args)
+
+    def test_subparser(self):
+        parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(exit_on_error=False)
+        parser.add_argument('foo')
+        subparsers = parser.add_subparsers()
+        parser1 = subparsers.add_parser('run')
+        parser1.add_argument('-f')
+        parser1.add_argument('bar', nargs='*')
+
+        args = parser.parse_args(['x', 'run', 'a', 'b', '-f', 'c'])
+        self.assertEqual(NS(foo='x', f='c', bar=['a', 'b']), args)
+        args = parser.parse_args(['x', 'run', 'a', 'b', '--', '-f', 'c'])
+        self.assertEqual(NS(foo='x', f=None, bar=['a', 'b', '-f', 'c']), args)
+        args = parser.parse_args(['x', 'run', 'a', '--', 'b', '-f', 'c'])
+        self.assertEqual(NS(foo='x', f=None, bar=['a', 'b', '-f', 'c']), args)
+        args = parser.parse_args(['x', 'run', '--', 'a', 'b', '-f', 'c'])
+        self.assertEqual(NS(foo='x', f=None, bar=['a', 'b', '-f', 'c']), args)
+        args = parser.parse_args(['x', '--', 'run', 'a', 'b', '-f', 'c'])
+        self.assertEqual(NS(foo='x', f='c', bar=['a', 'b']), args)
+        args = parser.parse_args(['--', 'x', 'run', 'a', 'b', '-f', 'c'])
+        self.assertEqual(NS(foo='x', f='c', bar=['a', 'b']), args)
+        args = parser.parse_args(['x', 'run', '--', 'a', '--', 'b'])
+        self.assertEqual(NS(foo='x', f=None, bar=['a', '--', 'b']), args)
+        args = parser.parse_args(['x', '--', 'run', '--', 'a', '--', 'b'])
+        self.assertEqual(NS(foo='x', f=None, bar=['a', '--', 'b']), args)
+        self.assertRaisesRegex(argparse.ArgumentError,
+            "invalid choice: '--'",
+            parser.parse_args, ['--', 'x', '--', 'run', 'a', 'b'])
+
+    def test_subparser_after_multiple_argument_option(self):
+        parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(exit_on_error=False)
+        parser.add_argument('--foo', nargs='*')
+        subparsers = parser.add_subparsers()
+        parser1 = subparsers.add_parser('run')
+        parser1.add_argument('-f')
+        parser1.add_argument('bar', nargs='*')
+
+        args = parser.parse_args(['--foo', 'x', 'y', '--', 'run', 'a', 'b', '-f', 'c'])
+        self.assertEqual(NS(foo=['x', 'y'], f='c', bar=['a', 'b']), args)
+        self.assertRaisesRegex(argparse.ArgumentError,
+            "invalid choice: '--'",
+            parser.parse_args, ['--foo', 'x', '--', '--', 'run', 'a', 'b'])
 
 
 # ===========================
@@ -5716,14 +6432,25 @@ def test_basic(self):
 
         args, extras = parser.parse_known_args(argv)
         # cannot parse the '1,2,3'
-        self.assertEqual(NS(bar='y', cmd='cmd', foo='x', rest=[]), args)
-        self.assertEqual(["1", "2", "3"], extras)
+        self.assertEqual(NS(bar='y', cmd='cmd', foo='x', rest=[1]), args)
+        self.assertEqual(["2", "3"], extras)
+        args, extras = parser.parse_known_intermixed_args(argv)
+        self.assertEqual(NS(bar='y', cmd='cmd', foo='x', rest=[1, 2, 3]), args)
+        self.assertEqual([], extras)
 
+        # unknown optionals go into extras
+        argv = 'cmd --foo x --error 1 2 --bar y 3'.split()
+        args, extras = parser.parse_known_intermixed_args(argv)
+        self.assertEqual(NS(bar='y', cmd='cmd', foo='x', rest=[1, 2, 3]), args)
+        self.assertEqual(['--error'], extras)
         argv = 'cmd --foo x 1 --error 2 --bar y 3'.split()
         args, extras = parser.parse_known_intermixed_args(argv)
-        # unknown optionals go into extras
-        self.assertEqual(NS(bar='y', cmd='cmd', foo='x', rest=[1]), args)
-        self.assertEqual(['--error', '2', '3'], extras)
+        self.assertEqual(NS(bar='y', cmd='cmd', foo='x', rest=[1, 2, 3]), args)
+        self.assertEqual(['--error'], extras)
+        argv = 'cmd --foo x 1 2 --error --bar y 3'.split()
+        args, extras = parser.parse_known_intermixed_args(argv)
+        self.assertEqual(NS(bar='y', cmd='cmd', foo='x', rest=[1, 2, 3]), args)
+        self.assertEqual(['--error'], extras)
 
         # restores attributes that were temporarily changed
         self.assertIsNone(parser.usage)
@@ -5742,38 +6469,48 @@ def test_remainder(self):
             parser.parse_intermixed_args(argv)
         self.assertRegex(str(cm.exception), r'\.\.\.')
 
-    def test_exclusive(self):
-        # mutually exclusive group; intermixed works fine
-        parser = ErrorRaisingArgumentParser(prog='PROG')
+    def test_required_exclusive(self):
+        # required mutually exclusive group; intermixed works fine
+        parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='PROG', exit_on_error=False)
         group = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group(required=True)
         group.add_argument('--foo', action='store_true', help='FOO')
         group.add_argument('--spam', help='SPAM')
         parser.add_argument('badger', nargs='*', default='X', help='BADGER')
+        args = parser.parse_intermixed_args('--foo 1 2'.split())
+        self.assertEqual(NS(badger=['1', '2'], foo=True, spam=None), args)
         args = parser.parse_intermixed_args('1 --foo 2'.split())
         self.assertEqual(NS(badger=['1', '2'], foo=True, spam=None), args)
-        self.assertRaises(ArgumentParserError, parser.parse_intermixed_args, '1 2'.split())
+        self.assertRaisesRegex(argparse.ArgumentError,
+                'one of the arguments --foo --spam is required',
+                parser.parse_intermixed_args, '1 2'.split())
         self.assertEqual(group.required, True)
 
-    def test_exclusive_incompatible(self):
-        # mutually exclusive group including positional - fail
-        parser = ErrorRaisingArgumentParser(prog='PROG')
+    def test_required_exclusive_with_positional(self):
+        # required mutually exclusive group with positional argument
+        parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='PROG', exit_on_error=False)
         group = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group(required=True)
         group.add_argument('--foo', action='store_true', help='FOO')
         group.add_argument('--spam', help='SPAM')
         group.add_argument('badger', nargs='*', default='X', help='BADGER')
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, parser.parse_intermixed_args, [])
+        args = parser.parse_intermixed_args(['--foo'])
+        self.assertEqual(NS(foo=True, spam=None, badger='X'), args)
+        args = parser.parse_intermixed_args(['a', 'b'])
+        self.assertEqual(NS(foo=False, spam=None, badger=['a', 'b']), args)
+        self.assertRaisesRegex(argparse.ArgumentError,
+                'one of the arguments --foo --spam badger is required',
+                parser.parse_intermixed_args, [])
+        self.assertRaisesRegex(argparse.ArgumentError,
+                'argument badger: not allowed with argument --foo',
+                parser.parse_intermixed_args, ['--foo', 'a', 'b'])
+        self.assertRaisesRegex(argparse.ArgumentError,
+                'argument badger: not allowed with argument --foo',
+                parser.parse_intermixed_args, ['a', '--foo', 'b'])
         self.assertEqual(group.required, True)
 
     def test_invalid_args(self):
         parser = ErrorRaisingArgumentParser(prog='PROG')
         self.assertRaises(ArgumentParserError, parser.parse_intermixed_args, ['a'])
 
-        parser = ErrorRaisingArgumentParser(prog='PROG')
-        parser.add_argument('--foo', nargs="*")
-        parser.add_argument('foo')
-        with captured_stderr() as stderr:
-            parser.parse_intermixed_args(['hello', '--foo'])
-            self.assertIn("UserWarning", stderr.getvalue())
 
 class TestIntermixedMessageContentError(TestCase):
     # case where Intermixed gives different error message
@@ -5792,7 +6529,7 @@ def test_missing_argument_name_in_message(self):
         with self.assertRaises(ArgumentParserError) as cm:
             parser.parse_intermixed_args([])
         msg = str(cm.exception)
-        self.assertNotRegex(msg, 'req_pos')
+        self.assertRegex(msg, 'req_pos')
         self.assertRegex(msg, 'req_opt')
 
 # ==========================
@@ -6042,7 +6779,8 @@ def test_help_with_metavar(self):
 class TestExitOnError(TestCase):
 
     def setUp(self):
-        self.parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(exit_on_error=False)
+        self.parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(exit_on_error=False,
+                                              fromfile_prefix_chars='@')
         self.parser.add_argument('--integers', metavar='N', type=int)
 
     def test_exit_on_error_with_good_args(self):
@@ -6053,6 +6791,285 @@ def test_exit_on_error_with_bad_args(self):
         with self.assertRaises(argparse.ArgumentError):
             self.parser.parse_args('--integers a'.split())
 
+    def test_unrecognized_args(self):
+        self.assertRaisesRegex(argparse.ArgumentError,
+                               'unrecognized arguments: --foo bar',
+                               self.parser.parse_args, '--foo bar'.split())
+
+    def test_unrecognized_intermixed_args(self):
+        self.assertRaisesRegex(argparse.ArgumentError,
+                               'unrecognized arguments: --foo bar',
+                               self.parser.parse_intermixed_args, '--foo bar'.split())
+
+    def test_required_args(self):
+        self.parser.add_argument('bar')
+        self.parser.add_argument('baz')
+        self.assertRaisesRegex(argparse.ArgumentError,
+                               'the following arguments are required: bar, baz$',
+                               self.parser.parse_args, [])
+
+    def test_required_args_with_metavar(self):
+        self.parser.add_argument('bar')
+        self.parser.add_argument('baz', metavar='BaZ')
+        self.assertRaisesRegex(argparse.ArgumentError,
+                               'the following arguments are required: bar, BaZ$',
+                               self.parser.parse_args, [])
+
+    def test_required_args_n(self):
+        self.parser.add_argument('bar')
+        self.parser.add_argument('baz', nargs=3)
+        self.assertRaisesRegex(argparse.ArgumentError,
+                               'the following arguments are required: bar, baz$',
+                               self.parser.parse_args, [])
+
+    def test_required_args_n_with_metavar(self):
+        self.parser.add_argument('bar')
+        self.parser.add_argument('baz', nargs=3, metavar=('B', 'A', 'Z'))
+        self.assertRaisesRegex(argparse.ArgumentError,
+                               'the following arguments are required: bar, B, A, Z$',
+                               self.parser.parse_args, [])
+
+    def test_required_args_optional(self):
+        self.parser.add_argument('bar')
+        self.parser.add_argument('baz', nargs='?')
+        self.assertRaisesRegex(argparse.ArgumentError,
+                               'the following arguments are required: bar$',
+                               self.parser.parse_args, [])
+
+    def test_required_args_zero_or_more(self):
+        self.parser.add_argument('bar')
+        self.parser.add_argument('baz', nargs='*')
+        self.assertRaisesRegex(argparse.ArgumentError,
+                               'the following arguments are required: bar$',
+                               self.parser.parse_args, [])
+
+    def test_required_args_one_or_more(self):
+        self.parser.add_argument('bar')
+        self.parser.add_argument('baz', nargs='+')
+        self.assertRaisesRegex(argparse.ArgumentError,
+                               'the following arguments are required: bar, baz$',
+                               self.parser.parse_args, [])
+
+    def test_required_args_one_or_more_with_metavar(self):
+        self.parser.add_argument('bar')
+        self.parser.add_argument('baz', nargs='+', metavar=('BaZ1', 'BaZ2'))
+        self.assertRaisesRegex(argparse.ArgumentError,
+                               r'the following arguments are required: bar, BaZ1\[, BaZ2]$',
+                               self.parser.parse_args, [])
+
+    def test_required_args_remainder(self):
+        self.parser.add_argument('bar')
+        self.parser.add_argument('baz', nargs='...')
+        self.assertRaisesRegex(argparse.ArgumentError,
+                               'the following arguments are required: bar$',
+                               self.parser.parse_args, [])
+
+    def test_required_mutually_exclusive_args(self):
+        group = self.parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group(required=True)
+        group.add_argument('--bar')
+        group.add_argument('--baz')
+        self.assertRaisesRegex(argparse.ArgumentError,
+                               'one of the arguments --bar --baz is required',
+                               self.parser.parse_args, [])
+
+    def test_conflicting_mutually_exclusive_args_optional_with_metavar(self):
+        group = self.parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
+        group.add_argument('--bar')
+        group.add_argument('baz', nargs='?', metavar='BaZ')
+        self.assertRaisesRegex(argparse.ArgumentError,
+                               'argument BaZ: not allowed with argument --bar$',
+                               self.parser.parse_args, ['--bar', 'a', 'b'])
+        self.assertRaisesRegex(argparse.ArgumentError,
+                               'argument --bar: not allowed with argument BaZ$',
+                               self.parser.parse_args, ['a', '--bar', 'b'])
+
+    def test_conflicting_mutually_exclusive_args_zero_or_more_with_metavar1(self):
+        group = self.parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
+        group.add_argument('--bar')
+        group.add_argument('baz', nargs='*', metavar=('BAZ1',))
+        self.assertRaisesRegex(argparse.ArgumentError,
+                               'argument BAZ1: not allowed with argument --bar$',
+                               self.parser.parse_args, ['--bar', 'a', 'b'])
+        self.assertRaisesRegex(argparse.ArgumentError,
+                               'argument --bar: not allowed with argument BAZ1$',
+                               self.parser.parse_args, ['a', '--bar', 'b'])
+
+    def test_conflicting_mutually_exclusive_args_zero_or_more_with_metavar2(self):
+        group = self.parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
+        group.add_argument('--bar')
+        group.add_argument('baz', nargs='*', metavar=('BAZ1', 'BAZ2'))
+        self.assertRaisesRegex(argparse.ArgumentError,
+                               r'argument BAZ1\[, BAZ2]: not allowed with argument --bar$',
+                               self.parser.parse_args, ['--bar', 'a', 'b'])
+        self.assertRaisesRegex(argparse.ArgumentError,
+                               r'argument --bar: not allowed with argument BAZ1\[, BAZ2]$',
+                               self.parser.parse_args, ['a', '--bar', 'b'])
+
+    def test_ambiguous_option(self):
+        self.parser.add_argument('--foobaz')
+        self.parser.add_argument('--fooble', action='store_true')
+        self.parser.add_argument('--foogle')
+        self.assertRaisesRegex(argparse.ArgumentError,
+                "ambiguous option: --foob could match --foobaz, --fooble",
+            self.parser.parse_args, ['--foob'])
+        self.assertRaisesRegex(argparse.ArgumentError,
+                "ambiguous option: --foob=1 could match --foobaz, --fooble$",
+            self.parser.parse_args, ['--foob=1'])
+        self.assertRaisesRegex(argparse.ArgumentError,
+                "ambiguous option: --foob could match --foobaz, --fooble$",
+            self.parser.parse_args, ['--foob', '1', '--foogle', '2'])
+        self.assertRaisesRegex(argparse.ArgumentError,
+                "ambiguous option: --foob=1 could match --foobaz, --fooble$",
+            self.parser.parse_args, ['--foob=1', '--foogle', '2'])
+
+    def test_os_error(self):
+        self.parser.add_argument('file')
+        self.assertRaisesRegex(argparse.ArgumentError,
+                               "No such file or directory: 'no-such-file'",
+                               self.parser.parse_args, ['@no-such-file'])
+
+
+class TestProgName(TestCase):
+    source = textwrap.dedent('''\
+        import argparse
+        parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
+        parser.parse_args()
+    ''')
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.dirname = 'package' + os_helper.FS_NONASCII
+        self.addCleanup(os_helper.rmtree, self.dirname)
+        os.mkdir(self.dirname)
+
+    def make_script(self, dirname, basename, *, compiled=False):
+        script_name = script_helper.make_script(dirname, basename, self.source)
+        if not compiled:
+            return script_name
+        py_compile.compile(script_name, doraise=True)
+        os.remove(script_name)
+        pyc_file = import_helper.make_legacy_pyc(script_name)
+        return pyc_file
+
+    def make_zip_script(self, script_name, name_in_zip=None):
+        zip_name, _ = script_helper.make_zip_script(self.dirname, 'test_zip',
+                                                    script_name, name_in_zip)
+        return zip_name
+
+    def check_usage(self, expected, *args, **kwargs):
+        res = script_helper.assert_python_ok('-Xutf8', *args, '-h', **kwargs)
+        self.assertEqual(res.out.splitlines()[0].decode(),
+                         f'usage: {expected} [-h]')
+
+    def test_script(self, compiled=False):
+        basename = os_helper.TESTFN
+        script_name = self.make_script(self.dirname, basename, compiled=compiled)
+        self.check_usage(os.path.basename(script_name), script_name, '-h')
+
+    def test_script_compiled(self):
+        self.test_script(compiled=True)
+
+    def test_directory(self, compiled=False):
+        dirname = os.path.join(self.dirname, os_helper.TESTFN)
+        os.mkdir(dirname)
+        self.make_script(dirname, '__main__', compiled=compiled)
+        self.check_usage(f'{py} {dirname}', dirname)
+        dirname2 = os.path.join(os.curdir, dirname)
+        self.check_usage(f'{py} {dirname2}', dirname2)
+
+    def test_directory_compiled(self):
+        self.test_directory(compiled=True)
+
+    def test_module(self, compiled=False):
+        basename = 'module' + os_helper.FS_NONASCII
+        modulename = f'{self.dirname}.{basename}'
+        self.make_script(self.dirname, basename, compiled=compiled)
+        self.check_usage(f'{py} -m {modulename}',
+                         '-m', modulename, PYTHONPATH=os.curdir)
+
+    def test_module_compiled(self):
+        self.test_module(compiled=True)
+
+    def test_package(self, compiled=False):
+        basename = 'subpackage' + os_helper.FS_NONASCII
+        packagename = f'{self.dirname}.{basename}'
+        subdirname = os.path.join(self.dirname, basename)
+        os.mkdir(subdirname)
+        self.make_script(subdirname, '__main__', compiled=compiled)
+        self.check_usage(f'{py} -m {packagename}',
+                         '-m', packagename, PYTHONPATH=os.curdir)
+        self.check_usage(f'{py} -m {packagename}',
+                         '-m', packagename + '.__main__', PYTHONPATH=os.curdir)
+
+    def test_package_compiled(self):
+        self.test_package(compiled=True)
+
+    def test_zipfile(self, compiled=False):
+        script_name = self.make_script(self.dirname, '__main__', compiled=compiled)
+        zip_name = self.make_zip_script(script_name)
+        self.check_usage(f'{py} {zip_name}', zip_name)
+
+    def test_zipfile_compiled(self):
+        self.test_zipfile(compiled=True)
+
+    def test_directory_in_zipfile(self, compiled=False):
+        script_name = self.make_script(self.dirname, '__main__', compiled=compiled)
+        name_in_zip = 'package/subpackage/__main__' + ('.py', '.pyc')[compiled]
+        zip_name = self.make_zip_script(script_name, name_in_zip)
+        dirname = os.path.join(zip_name, 'package', 'subpackage')
+        self.check_usage(f'{py} {dirname}', dirname)
+
+    def test_directory_in_zipfile_compiled(self):
+        self.test_directory_in_zipfile(compiled=True)
+
+# =================
+# Translation tests
+# =================
+
+pygettext = Path(REPO_ROOT) / 'Tools' / 'i18n' / 'pygettext.py'
+snapshot_path = Path(TEST_HOME_DIR) / 'translationdata' / 'argparse' / 'msgids.txt'
+
+msgid_pattern = re.compile(r'msgid(.*?)(?:msgid_plural|msgctxt|msgstr)', re.DOTALL)
+msgid_string_pattern = re.compile(r'"((?:\\"|[^"])*)"')
+
+
+@requires_subprocess()
+class TestTranslations(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def test_translations(self):
+        # Test messages extracted from the argparse module against a snapshot
+        skip_if_missing('i18n')
+        res = generate_po_file(stdout_only=False)
+        self.assertEqual(res.returncode, 0)
+        self.assertEqual(res.stderr, '')
+        msgids = extract_msgids(res.stdout)
+        snapshot = snapshot_path.read_text().splitlines()
+        self.assertListEqual(msgids, snapshot)
+
+
+def generate_po_file(*, stdout_only=True):
+    res = subprocess.run([sys.executable, pygettext,
+                          '--no-location', '-o', '-', argparse.__file__],
+                         stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, text=True)
+    if stdout_only:
+        return res.stdout
+    return res
+
+
+def extract_msgids(po):
+    msgids = []
+    for msgid in msgid_pattern.findall(po):
+        msgid_string = ''.join(msgid_string_pattern.findall(msgid))
+        msgid_string = msgid_string.replace(r'\"', '"')
+        if msgid_string:
+            msgids.append(msgid_string)
+    return sorted(msgids)
+
+
+def update_translation_snapshots():
+    contents = generate_po_file()
+    msgids = extract_msgids(contents)
+    snapshot_path.write_text('\n'.join(msgids))
+
 
 def tearDownModule():
     # Remove global references to avoid looking like we have refleaks.
@@ -6061,4 +7078,8 @@ def tearDownModule():
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
+    # To regenerate translation snapshots
+    if len(sys.argv) > 1 and sys.argv[1] == '--snapshot-update':
+        update_translation_snapshots()
+        sys.exit(0)
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_array.py b/Lib/test/test_array.py
index 95383be9659eb9..f621f343eb062a 100755
--- a/Lib/test/test_array.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_array.py
@@ -1492,8 +1492,8 @@ def test_byteswap(self):
             if a.itemsize==1:
                 self.assertEqual(a, b)
             else:
-                # On alphas treating the byte swapped bit patters as
-                # floats/doubles results in floating point exceptions
+                # On alphas treating the byte swapped bit patterns as
+                # floats/doubles results in floating-point exceptions
                 # => compare the 8bit string values instead
                 self.assertNotEqual(a.tobytes(), b.tobytes())
             b.byteswap()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_ast/__init__.py b/Lib/test/test_ast/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..9a89d27ba9f979
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/test_ast/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+import os
+
+from test import support
+
+
+def load_tests(*args):
+    return support.load_package_tests(os.path.dirname(__file__), *args)
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_ast/data/ast_repr.txt b/Lib/test/test_ast/data/ast_repr.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..3778b9e70a4605
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/test_ast/data/ast_repr.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+Module(body=[Expr(value=Constant(value='module docstring', kind=None))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[FunctionDef(name='f', args=arguments(posonlyargs=[], args=[], vararg=None, kwonlyargs=[], kw_defaults=[], kwarg=None, defaults=[]), body=[Pass()], decorator_list=[], returns=None, type_comment=None, type_params=[])], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[FunctionDef(name='f', args=arguments(posonlyargs=[], args=[], vararg=None, kwonlyargs=[], kw_defaults=[], kwarg=None, defaults=[]), body=[Expr(value=Constant(...))], decorator_list=[], returns=None, type_comment=None, type_params=[])], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[FunctionDef(name='f', args=arguments(posonlyargs=[], args=[arg(...)], vararg=None, kwonlyargs=[], kw_defaults=[], kwarg=None, defaults=[]), body=[Pass()], decorator_list=[], returns=None, type_comment=None, type_params=[])], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[FunctionDef(name='f', args=arguments(posonlyargs=[], args=[arg(...)], vararg=None, kwonlyargs=[], kw_defaults=[], kwarg=None, defaults=[Constant(...)]), body=[Pass()], decorator_list=[], returns=None, type_comment=None, type_params=[])], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[FunctionDef(name='f', args=arguments(posonlyargs=[], args=[], vararg=arg(...), kwonlyargs=[], kw_defaults=[], kwarg=None, defaults=[]), body=[Pass()], decorator_list=[], returns=None, type_comment=None, type_params=[])], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[FunctionDef(name='f', args=arguments(posonlyargs=[], args=[], vararg=arg(...), kwonlyargs=[], kw_defaults=[], kwarg=None, defaults=[]), body=[Pass()], decorator_list=[], returns=None, type_comment=None, type_params=[])], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[FunctionDef(name='f', args=arguments(posonlyargs=[], args=[], vararg=arg(...), kwonlyargs=[], kw_defaults=[], kwarg=None, defaults=[]), body=[Pass()], decorator_list=[], returns=None, type_comment=None, type_params=[])], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[FunctionDef(name='f', args=arguments(posonlyargs=[], args=[], vararg=arg(...), kwonlyargs=[], kw_defaults=[], kwarg=None, defaults=[]), body=[Pass()], decorator_list=[], returns=None, type_comment=None, type_params=[])], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[FunctionDef(name='f', args=arguments(posonlyargs=[], args=[], vararg=None, kwonlyargs=[], kw_defaults=[], kwarg=arg(...), defaults=[]), body=[Pass()], decorator_list=[], returns=None, type_comment=None, type_params=[])], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[FunctionDef(name='f', args=arguments(posonlyargs=[], args=[arg(...), ..., arg(...)], vararg=arg(...), kwonlyargs=[arg(...)], kw_defaults=[Constant(...)], kwarg=arg(...), defaults=[Constant(...), ..., Dict(...)]), body=[Expr(value=Constant(...))], decorator_list=[], returns=None, type_comment=None, type_params=[])], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[FunctionDef(name='f', args=arguments(posonlyargs=[], args=[], vararg=None, kwonlyargs=[], kw_defaults=[], kwarg=None, defaults=[]), body=[Pass()], decorator_list=[], returns=Subscript(value=Name(...), slice=Tuple(...), ctx=Load(...)), type_comment=None, type_params=[])], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[FunctionDef(name='f', args=arguments(posonlyargs=[], args=[], vararg=None, kwonlyargs=[], kw_defaults=[], kwarg=None, defaults=[]), body=[Pass()], decorator_list=[], returns=Subscript(value=Name(...), slice=Tuple(...), ctx=Load(...)), type_comment=None, type_params=[])], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[FunctionDef(name='f', args=arguments(posonlyargs=[], args=[], vararg=None, kwonlyargs=[], kw_defaults=[], kwarg=None, defaults=[]), body=[Pass()], decorator_list=[], returns=Subscript(value=Name(...), slice=Tuple(...), ctx=Load(...)), type_comment=None, type_params=[])], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[ClassDef(name='C', bases=[], keywords=[], body=[Pass()], decorator_list=[], type_params=[])], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[ClassDef(name='C', bases=[], keywords=[], body=[Expr(value=Constant(...))], decorator_list=[], type_params=[])], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[ClassDef(name='C', bases=[Name(id='object', ctx=Load(...))], keywords=[], body=[Pass()], decorator_list=[], type_params=[])], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[ClassDef(name='C', bases=[Name(id='A', ctx=Load(...)), Name(id='B', ctx=Load(...))], keywords=[], body=[Pass()], decorator_list=[], type_params=[])], type_ignores=[])
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+Module(body=[FunctionDef(name='f', args=arguments(posonlyargs=[], args=[], vararg=None, kwonlyargs=[], kw_defaults=[], kwarg=None, defaults=[]), body=[Return(value=None)], decorator_list=[], returns=None, type_comment=None, type_params=[])], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Delete(targets=[Name(id='v', ctx=Del(...))])], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Assign(targets=[Name(id='v', ctx=Store(...))], value=Constant(value=1, kind=None), type_comment=None)], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Assign(targets=[Tuple(elts=[Name(...), Name(...)], ctx=Store(...))], value=Name(id='c', ctx=Load(...)), type_comment=None)], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Assign(targets=[Tuple(elts=[Name(...), Name(...)], ctx=Store(...))], value=Name(id='c', ctx=Load(...)), type_comment=None)], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Assign(targets=[List(elts=[Name(...), Name(...)], ctx=Store(...))], value=Name(id='c', ctx=Load(...)), type_comment=None)], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Assign(targets=[Subscript(value=Name(...), slice=Name(...), ctx=Store(...))], value=Name(id='c', ctx=Load(...)), type_comment=None)], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[AnnAssign(target=Name(id='x', ctx=Store(...)), annotation=Subscript(value=Name(...), slice=Tuple(...), ctx=Load(...)), value=None, simple=1)], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[AnnAssign(target=Name(id='x', ctx=Store(...)), annotation=Subscript(value=Name(...), slice=Tuple(...), ctx=Load(...)), value=None, simple=1)], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[AnnAssign(target=Name(id='x', ctx=Store(...)), annotation=Subscript(value=Name(...), slice=Tuple(...), ctx=Load(...)), value=None, simple=1)], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[AugAssign(target=Name(id='v', ctx=Store(...)), op=Add(), value=Constant(value=1, kind=None))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[AugAssign(target=Name(id='v', ctx=Store(...)), op=Sub(), value=Constant(value=1, kind=None))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[AugAssign(target=Name(id='v', ctx=Store(...)), op=Mult(), value=Constant(value=1, kind=None))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[AugAssign(target=Name(id='v', ctx=Store(...)), op=MatMult(), value=Constant(value=1, kind=None))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[AugAssign(target=Name(id='v', ctx=Store(...)), op=Div(), value=Constant(value=1, kind=None))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[AugAssign(target=Name(id='v', ctx=Store(...)), op=Mod(), value=Constant(value=1, kind=None))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[AugAssign(target=Name(id='v', ctx=Store(...)), op=Pow(), value=Constant(value=1, kind=None))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[AugAssign(target=Name(id='v', ctx=Store(...)), op=LShift(), value=Constant(value=1, kind=None))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[AugAssign(target=Name(id='v', ctx=Store(...)), op=RShift(), value=Constant(value=1, kind=None))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[AugAssign(target=Name(id='v', ctx=Store(...)), op=BitOr(), value=Constant(value=1, kind=None))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[AugAssign(target=Name(id='v', ctx=Store(...)), op=BitXor(), value=Constant(value=1, kind=None))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[AugAssign(target=Name(id='v', ctx=Store(...)), op=BitAnd(), value=Constant(value=1, kind=None))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[AugAssign(target=Name(id='v', ctx=Store(...)), op=FloorDiv(), value=Constant(value=1, kind=None))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[For(target=Name(id='v', ctx=Store(...)), iter=Name(id='v', ctx=Load(...)), body=[Pass()], orelse=[], type_comment=None)], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[For(target=Name(id='v', ctx=Store(...)), iter=Name(id='v', ctx=Load(...)), body=[Pass()], orelse=[Pass()], type_comment=None)], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[While(test=Name(id='v', ctx=Load(...)), body=[Pass()], orelse=[])], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[While(test=Name(id='v', ctx=Load(...)), body=[Pass()], orelse=[Pass()])], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[If(test=Name(id='v', ctx=Load(...)), body=[Pass()], orelse=[])], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[If(test=Name(id='a', ctx=Load(...)), body=[Pass()], orelse=[If(test=Name(...), body=[Pass(...)], orelse=[])])], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[If(test=Name(id='a', ctx=Load(...)), body=[Pass()], orelse=[Pass()])], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[If(test=Name(id='a', ctx=Load(...)), body=[Pass()], orelse=[If(test=Name(...), body=[Pass(...)], orelse=[Pass(...)])])], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[If(test=Name(id='a', ctx=Load(...)), body=[Pass()], orelse=[If(test=Name(...), body=[Pass(...)], orelse=[If(...)])])], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[With(items=[withitem(context_expr=Name(...), optional_vars=None)], body=[Pass()], type_comment=None)], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[With(items=[withitem(context_expr=Name(...), optional_vars=None), withitem(context_expr=Name(...), optional_vars=None)], body=[Pass()], type_comment=None)], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[With(items=[withitem(context_expr=Name(...), optional_vars=Name(...))], body=[Pass()], type_comment=None)], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[With(items=[withitem(context_expr=Name(...), optional_vars=Name(...)), withitem(context_expr=Name(...), optional_vars=Name(...))], body=[Pass()], type_comment=None)], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[With(items=[withitem(context_expr=Name(...), optional_vars=Name(...))], body=[Pass()], type_comment=None)], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[With(items=[withitem(context_expr=Name(...), optional_vars=None), withitem(context_expr=Name(...), optional_vars=None)], body=[Pass()], type_comment=None)], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Raise(exc=None, cause=None)], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Raise(exc=Call(func=Name(...), args=[Constant(...)], keywords=[]), cause=None)], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Raise(exc=Name(id='Exception', ctx=Load(...)), cause=None)], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Raise(exc=Call(func=Name(...), args=[Constant(...)], keywords=[]), cause=Constant(value=None, kind=None))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Try(body=[Pass()], handlers=[ExceptHandler(type=Name(...), name=None, body=[Pass(...)])], orelse=[], finalbody=[])], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Try(body=[Pass()], handlers=[ExceptHandler(type=Name(...), name='exc', body=[Pass(...)])], orelse=[], finalbody=[])], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Try(body=[Pass()], handlers=[], orelse=[], finalbody=[Pass()])], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[TryStar(body=[Pass()], handlers=[ExceptHandler(type=Name(...), name=None, body=[Pass(...)])], orelse=[], finalbody=[])], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[TryStar(body=[Pass()], handlers=[ExceptHandler(type=Name(...), name='exc', body=[Pass(...)])], orelse=[], finalbody=[])], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Try(body=[Pass()], handlers=[ExceptHandler(type=Name(...), name=None, body=[Pass(...)])], orelse=[Pass()], finalbody=[Pass()])], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Try(body=[Pass()], handlers=[ExceptHandler(type=Name(...), name='exc', body=[Pass(...)])], orelse=[Pass()], finalbody=[Pass()])], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[TryStar(body=[Pass()], handlers=[ExceptHandler(type=Name(...), name='exc', body=[Pass(...)])], orelse=[Pass()], finalbody=[Pass()])], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Assert(test=Name(id='v', ctx=Load(...)), msg=None)], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Assert(test=Name(id='v', ctx=Load(...)), msg=Constant(value='message', kind=None))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Import(names=[alias(name='sys', asname=None)])], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Import(names=[alias(name='foo', asname='bar')])], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[ImportFrom(module='sys', names=[alias(name='x', asname='y')], level=0)], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[ImportFrom(module='sys', names=[alias(name='v', asname=None)], level=0)], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Global(names=['v'])], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=Constant(value=1, kind=None))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Pass()], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[For(target=Name(id='v', ctx=Store(...)), iter=Name(id='v', ctx=Load(...)), body=[Break()], orelse=[], type_comment=None)], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[For(target=Name(id='v', ctx=Store(...)), iter=Name(id='v', ctx=Load(...)), body=[Continue()], orelse=[], type_comment=None)], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[For(target=Tuple(elts=[Name(...), Name(...)], ctx=Store(...)), iter=Name(id='c', ctx=Load(...)), body=[Pass()], orelse=[], type_comment=None)], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[For(target=Tuple(elts=[Name(...), Name(...)], ctx=Store(...)), iter=Name(id='c', ctx=Load(...)), body=[Pass()], orelse=[], type_comment=None)], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[For(target=List(elts=[Name(...), Name(...)], ctx=Store(...)), iter=Name(id='c', ctx=Load(...)), body=[Pass()], orelse=[], type_comment=None)], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=GeneratorExp(elt=Tuple(...), generators=[comprehension(...)]))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=DictComp(key=Name(...), value=Name(...), generators=[comprehension(...), comprehension(...)]))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=DictComp(key=Name(...), value=Name(...), generators=[comprehension(...)]))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=SetComp(elt=Name(...), generators=[comprehension(...)]))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=SetComp(elt=Name(...), generators=[comprehension(...)]))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[AsyncFunctionDef(name='f', args=arguments(posonlyargs=[], args=[], vararg=None, kwonlyargs=[], kw_defaults=[], kwarg=None, defaults=[]), body=[Expr(value=Constant(...)), Expr(value=Await(...))], decorator_list=[], returns=None, type_comment=None, type_params=[])], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[AsyncFunctionDef(name='f', args=arguments(posonlyargs=[], args=[], vararg=None, kwonlyargs=[], kw_defaults=[], kwarg=None, defaults=[]), body=[AsyncFor(target=Name(...), iter=Name(...), body=[Expr(...)], orelse=[Expr(...)], type_comment=None)], decorator_list=[], returns=None, type_comment=None, type_params=[])], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[AsyncFunctionDef(name='f', args=arguments(posonlyargs=[], args=[], vararg=None, kwonlyargs=[], kw_defaults=[], kwarg=None, defaults=[]), body=[AsyncWith(items=[withitem(...)], body=[Expr(...)], type_comment=None)], decorator_list=[], returns=None, type_comment=None, type_params=[])], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=Dict(keys=[None, Constant(...)], values=[Dict(...), Constant(...)]))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=Set(elts=[Starred(...), Constant(...)]))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[FunctionDef(name='f', args=arguments(posonlyargs=[], args=[], vararg=None, kwonlyargs=[], kw_defaults=[], kwarg=None, defaults=[]), body=[Expr(value=Yield(...))], decorator_list=[], returns=None, type_comment=None, type_params=[])], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[FunctionDef(name='f', args=arguments(posonlyargs=[], args=[], vararg=None, kwonlyargs=[], kw_defaults=[], kwarg=None, defaults=[]), body=[Expr(value=YieldFrom(...))], decorator_list=[], returns=None, type_comment=None, type_params=[])], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[AsyncFunctionDef(name='f', args=arguments(posonlyargs=[], args=[], vararg=None, kwonlyargs=[], kw_defaults=[], kwarg=None, defaults=[]), body=[Expr(value=ListComp(...))], decorator_list=[], returns=None, type_comment=None, type_params=[])], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[FunctionDef(name='f', args=arguments(posonlyargs=[], args=[], vararg=None, kwonlyargs=[], kw_defaults=[], kwarg=None, defaults=[]), body=[Pass()], decorator_list=[Name(id='deco1', ctx=Load(...)), ..., Call(func=Name(...), args=[Constant(...)], keywords=[])], returns=None, type_comment=None, type_params=[])], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[AsyncFunctionDef(name='f', args=arguments(posonlyargs=[], args=[], vararg=None, kwonlyargs=[], kw_defaults=[], kwarg=None, defaults=[]), body=[Pass()], decorator_list=[Name(id='deco1', ctx=Load(...)), ..., Call(func=Name(...), args=[Constant(...)], keywords=[])], returns=None, type_comment=None, type_params=[])], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[ClassDef(name='C', bases=[], keywords=[], body=[Pass()], decorator_list=[Name(id='deco1', ctx=Load(...)), ..., Call(func=Name(...), args=[Constant(...)], keywords=[])], type_params=[])], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[FunctionDef(name='f', args=arguments(posonlyargs=[], args=[], vararg=None, kwonlyargs=[], kw_defaults=[], kwarg=None, defaults=[]), body=[Pass()], decorator_list=[Call(func=Name(...), args=[GeneratorExp(...)], keywords=[])], returns=None, type_comment=None, type_params=[])], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[FunctionDef(name='f', args=arguments(posonlyargs=[], args=[], vararg=None, kwonlyargs=[], kw_defaults=[], kwarg=None, defaults=[]), body=[Pass()], decorator_list=[Attribute(value=Attribute(...), attr='c', ctx=Load(...))], returns=None, type_comment=None, type_params=[])], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=NamedExpr(target=Name(...), value=Constant(...)))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[If(test=NamedExpr(target=Name(...), value=Call(...)), body=[Pass()], orelse=[])], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[While(test=NamedExpr(target=Name(...), value=Call(...)), body=[Pass()], orelse=[])], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[FunctionDef(name='f', args=arguments(posonlyargs=[arg(...)], args=[], vararg=None, kwonlyargs=[], kw_defaults=[], kwarg=None, defaults=[]), body=[Pass()], decorator_list=[], returns=None, type_comment=None, type_params=[])], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[FunctionDef(name='f', args=arguments(posonlyargs=[arg(...)], args=[arg(...), ..., arg(...)], vararg=None, kwonlyargs=[], kw_defaults=[], kwarg=None, defaults=[]), body=[Pass()], decorator_list=[], returns=None, type_comment=None, type_params=[])], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[FunctionDef(name='f', args=arguments(posonlyargs=[arg(...)], args=[arg(...)], vararg=None, kwonlyargs=[arg(...), arg(...)], kw_defaults=[None, None], kwarg=None, defaults=[]), body=[Pass()], decorator_list=[], returns=None, type_comment=None, type_params=[])], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[FunctionDef(name='f', args=arguments(posonlyargs=[arg(...)], args=[arg(...)], vararg=None, kwonlyargs=[arg(...), arg(...)], kw_defaults=[None, None], kwarg=arg(...), defaults=[]), body=[Pass()], decorator_list=[], returns=None, type_comment=None, type_params=[])], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[FunctionDef(name='f', args=arguments(posonlyargs=[arg(...)], args=[], vararg=None, kwonlyargs=[], kw_defaults=[], kwarg=None, defaults=[Constant(...)]), body=[Pass()], decorator_list=[], returns=None, type_comment=None, type_params=[])], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[FunctionDef(name='f', args=arguments(posonlyargs=[arg(...)], args=[arg(...), arg(...)], vararg=None, kwonlyargs=[], kw_defaults=[], kwarg=None, defaults=[Constant(...), ..., Constant(...)]), body=[Pass()], decorator_list=[], returns=None, type_comment=None, type_params=[])], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[FunctionDef(name='f', args=arguments(posonlyargs=[arg(...)], args=[arg(...)], vararg=None, kwonlyargs=[arg(...)], kw_defaults=[Constant(...)], kwarg=None, defaults=[Constant(...), Constant(...)]), body=[Pass()], decorator_list=[], returns=None, type_comment=None, type_params=[])], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[FunctionDef(name='f', args=arguments(posonlyargs=[arg(...)], args=[arg(...)], vararg=None, kwonlyargs=[arg(...)], kw_defaults=[None], kwarg=None, defaults=[Constant(...), Constant(...)]), body=[Pass()], decorator_list=[], returns=None, type_comment=None, type_params=[])], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[FunctionDef(name='f', args=arguments(posonlyargs=[arg(...)], args=[arg(...)], vararg=None, kwonlyargs=[arg(...)], kw_defaults=[Constant(...)], kwarg=arg(...), defaults=[Constant(...), Constant(...)]), body=[Pass()], decorator_list=[], returns=None, type_comment=None, type_params=[])], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[FunctionDef(name='f', args=arguments(posonlyargs=[arg(...)], args=[arg(...)], vararg=None, kwonlyargs=[arg(...)], kw_defaults=[None], kwarg=arg(...), defaults=[Constant(...), Constant(...)]), body=[Pass()], decorator_list=[], returns=None, type_comment=None, type_params=[])], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[TypeAlias(name=Name(id='X', ctx=Store(...)), type_params=[], value=Name(id='int', ctx=Load(...)))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[TypeAlias(name=Name(id='X', ctx=Store(...)), type_params=[TypeVar(name='T', bound=None, default_value=None)], value=Name(id='int', ctx=Load(...)))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[TypeAlias(name=Name(id='X', ctx=Store(...)), type_params=[TypeVar(name='T', bound=None, default_value=None), ..., ParamSpec(name='P', default_value=None)], value=Tuple(elts=[Name(...), ..., Name(...)], ctx=Load(...)))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[TypeAlias(name=Name(id='X', ctx=Store(...)), type_params=[TypeVar(name='T', bound=Name(...), default_value=None), ..., ParamSpec(name='P', default_value=None)], value=Tuple(elts=[Name(...), ..., Name(...)], ctx=Load(...)))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[TypeAlias(name=Name(id='X', ctx=Store(...)), type_params=[TypeVar(name='T', bound=Tuple(...), default_value=None), ..., ParamSpec(name='P', default_value=None)], value=Tuple(elts=[Name(...), ..., Name(...)], ctx=Load(...)))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[TypeAlias(name=Name(id='X', ctx=Store(...)), type_params=[TypeVar(name='T', bound=Name(...), default_value=Constant(...)), ..., ParamSpec(name='P', default_value=Constant(...))], value=Tuple(elts=[Name(...), ..., Name(...)], ctx=Load(...)))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[ClassDef(name='X', bases=[], keywords=[], body=[Pass()], decorator_list=[], type_params=[TypeVar(name='T', bound=None, default_value=None)])], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[ClassDef(name='X', bases=[], keywords=[], body=[Pass()], decorator_list=[], type_params=[TypeVar(name='T', bound=None, default_value=None), ..., ParamSpec(name='P', default_value=None)])], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[ClassDef(name='X', bases=[], keywords=[], body=[Pass()], decorator_list=[], type_params=[TypeVar(name='T', bound=Name(...), default_value=None), ..., ParamSpec(name='P', default_value=None)])], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[ClassDef(name='X', bases=[], keywords=[], body=[Pass()], decorator_list=[], type_params=[TypeVar(name='T', bound=Tuple(...), default_value=None), ..., ParamSpec(name='P', default_value=None)])], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[ClassDef(name='X', bases=[], keywords=[], body=[Pass()], decorator_list=[], type_params=[TypeVar(name='T', bound=Name(...), default_value=Constant(...)), ..., ParamSpec(name='P', default_value=Constant(...))])], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[FunctionDef(name='f', args=arguments(posonlyargs=[], args=[], vararg=None, kwonlyargs=[], kw_defaults=[], kwarg=None, defaults=[]), body=[Pass()], decorator_list=[], returns=None, type_comment=None, type_params=[TypeVar(name='T', bound=None, default_value=None)])], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[FunctionDef(name='f', args=arguments(posonlyargs=[], args=[], vararg=None, kwonlyargs=[], kw_defaults=[], kwarg=None, defaults=[]), body=[Pass()], decorator_list=[], returns=None, type_comment=None, type_params=[TypeVar(name='T', bound=None, default_value=None), ..., ParamSpec(name='P', default_value=None)])], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[FunctionDef(name='f', args=arguments(posonlyargs=[], args=[], vararg=None, kwonlyargs=[], kw_defaults=[], kwarg=None, defaults=[]), body=[Pass()], decorator_list=[], returns=None, type_comment=None, type_params=[TypeVar(name='T', bound=Name(...), default_value=None), ..., ParamSpec(name='P', default_value=None)])], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[FunctionDef(name='f', args=arguments(posonlyargs=[], args=[], vararg=None, kwonlyargs=[], kw_defaults=[], kwarg=None, defaults=[]), body=[Pass()], decorator_list=[], returns=None, type_comment=None, type_params=[TypeVar(name='T', bound=Tuple(...), default_value=None), ..., ParamSpec(name='P', default_value=None)])], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[FunctionDef(name='f', args=arguments(posonlyargs=[], args=[], vararg=None, kwonlyargs=[], kw_defaults=[], kwarg=None, defaults=[]), body=[Pass()], decorator_list=[], returns=None, type_comment=None, type_params=[TypeVar(name='T', bound=Name(...), default_value=Constant(...)), ..., ParamSpec(name='P', default_value=Constant(...))])], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Match(subject=Name(id='x', ctx=Load(...)), cases=[match_case(pattern=MatchValue(...), guard=None, body=[Pass(...)])])], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Match(subject=Name(id='x', ctx=Load(...)), cases=[match_case(pattern=MatchValue(...), guard=None, body=[Pass(...)]), match_case(pattern=MatchAs(...), guard=None, body=[Pass(...)])])], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=Constant(value=None, kind=None))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=Constant(value=True, kind=None))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=Constant(value=False, kind=None))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=BoolOp(op=And(...), values=[Name(...), Name(...)]))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=BoolOp(op=Or(...), values=[Name(...), Name(...)]))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=BinOp(left=Name(...), op=Add(...), right=Name(...)))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=BinOp(left=Name(...), op=Sub(...), right=Name(...)))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=BinOp(left=Name(...), op=Mult(...), right=Name(...)))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=BinOp(left=Name(...), op=Div(...), right=Name(...)))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=BinOp(left=Name(...), op=MatMult(...), right=Name(...)))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=BinOp(left=Name(...), op=FloorDiv(...), right=Name(...)))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=BinOp(left=Name(...), op=Pow(...), right=Name(...)))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=BinOp(left=Name(...), op=Mod(...), right=Name(...)))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=BinOp(left=Name(...), op=RShift(...), right=Name(...)))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=BinOp(left=Name(...), op=LShift(...), right=Name(...)))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=BinOp(left=Name(...), op=BitXor(...), right=Name(...)))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=BinOp(left=Name(...), op=BitOr(...), right=Name(...)))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=BinOp(left=Name(...), op=BitAnd(...), right=Name(...)))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=UnaryOp(op=Not(...), operand=Name(...)))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=UnaryOp(op=UAdd(...), operand=Name(...)))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=UnaryOp(op=USub(...), operand=Name(...)))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=UnaryOp(op=Invert(...), operand=Name(...)))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=Lambda(args=arguments(...), body=Constant(...)))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=Dict(keys=[Constant(...)], values=[Constant(...)]))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=Dict(keys=[], values=[]))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=Set(elts=[Constant(...)]))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=Dict(keys=[Constant(...)], values=[Constant(...)]))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=List(elts=[Constant(...), Constant(...)], ctx=Load(...)))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=Tuple(elts=[Constant(...)], ctx=Load(...)))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=Set(elts=[Constant(...), Constant(...)]))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=ListComp(elt=Name(...), generators=[comprehension(...)]))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=GeneratorExp(elt=Name(...), generators=[comprehension(...)]))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=SetComp(elt=Name(...), generators=[comprehension(...)]))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=DictComp(key=Name(...), value=Name(...), generators=[comprehension(...)]))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=ListComp(elt=Tuple(...), generators=[comprehension(...)]))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=ListComp(elt=Tuple(...), generators=[comprehension(...)]))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=ListComp(elt=Tuple(...), generators=[comprehension(...)]))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=SetComp(elt=Tuple(...), generators=[comprehension(...)]))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=SetComp(elt=Tuple(...), generators=[comprehension(...)]))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=SetComp(elt=Tuple(...), generators=[comprehension(...)]))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=GeneratorExp(elt=Tuple(...), generators=[comprehension(...)]))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=GeneratorExp(elt=Tuple(...), generators=[comprehension(...)]))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=GeneratorExp(elt=Tuple(...), generators=[comprehension(...)]))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=Compare(left=Constant(...), ops=[Lt(...), Lt(...)], comparators=[Constant(...), Constant(...)]))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=Compare(left=Name(...), ops=[Eq(...)], comparators=[Name(...)]))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=Compare(left=Name(...), ops=[LtE(...)], comparators=[Name(...)]))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=Compare(left=Name(...), ops=[GtE(...)], comparators=[Name(...)]))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=Compare(left=Name(...), ops=[NotEq(...)], comparators=[Name(...)]))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=Compare(left=Name(...), ops=[Is(...)], comparators=[Name(...)]))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=Compare(left=Name(...), ops=[IsNot(...)], comparators=[Name(...)]))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=Compare(left=Name(...), ops=[In(...)], comparators=[Name(...)]))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=Compare(left=Name(...), ops=[NotIn(...)], comparators=[Name(...)]))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=Call(func=Name(...), args=[], keywords=[]))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=Call(func=Name(...), args=[Constant(...), ..., Starred(...)], keywords=[keyword(...), keyword(...)]))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=Call(func=Name(...), args=[Starred(...)], keywords=[]))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=Call(func=Name(...), args=[GeneratorExp(...)], keywords=[]))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=Constant(value=10, kind=None))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=Constant(value=1j, kind=None))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=Constant(value='string', kind=None))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=Attribute(value=Name(...), attr='b', ctx=Load(...)))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=Subscript(value=Name(...), slice=Slice(...), ctx=Load(...)))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=Name(id='v', ctx=Load(...)))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=List(elts=[Constant(...), ..., Constant(...)], ctx=Load(...)))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=List(elts=[], ctx=Load(...)))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=Tuple(elts=[Constant(...), ..., Constant(...)], ctx=Load(...)))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=Tuple(elts=[Constant(...), ..., Constant(...)], ctx=Load(...)))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=Tuple(elts=[], ctx=Load(...)))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=Call(func=Attribute(...), args=[Subscript(...)], keywords=[]))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=Subscript(value=List(...), slice=Slice(...), ctx=Load(...)))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=Subscript(value=List(...), slice=Slice(...), ctx=Load(...)))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=Subscript(value=List(...), slice=Slice(...), ctx=Load(...)))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=Subscript(value=List(...), slice=Slice(...), ctx=Load(...)))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=IfExp(test=Name(...), body=Call(...), orelse=Call(...)))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=JoinedStr(values=[FormattedValue(...)]))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=JoinedStr(values=[FormattedValue(...)]))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=JoinedStr(values=[FormattedValue(...)]))], type_ignores=[])
+Module(body=[Expr(value=JoinedStr(values=[Constant(...), ..., Constant(...)]))], type_ignores=[])
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_ast/snippets.py b/Lib/test/test_ast/snippets.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..28d32b2941f30d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/test_ast/snippets.py
@@ -0,0 +1,601 @@
+import ast
+import sys
+
+from test.test_ast.utils import to_tuple
+
+
+# These tests are compiled through "exec"
+# There should be at least one test per statement
+exec_tests = [
+    # Module docstring
+    "'module docstring'",
+    # FunctionDef
+    "def f(): pass",
+    # FunctionDef with docstring
+    "def f(): 'function docstring'",
+    # FunctionDef with arg
+    "def f(a): pass",
+    # FunctionDef with arg and default value
+    "def f(a=0): pass",
+    # FunctionDef with varargs
+    "def f(*args): pass",
+    # FunctionDef with varargs as TypeVarTuple
+    "def f(*args: *Ts): pass",
+    # FunctionDef with varargs as unpacked Tuple
+    "def f(*args: *tuple[int, ...]): pass",
+    # FunctionDef with varargs as unpacked Tuple *and* TypeVarTuple
+    "def f(*args: *tuple[int, *Ts]): pass",
+    # FunctionDef with kwargs
+    "def f(**kwargs): pass",
+    # FunctionDef with all kind of args and docstring
+    "def f(a, b=1, c=None, d=[], e={}, *args, f=42, **kwargs): 'doc for f()'",
+    # FunctionDef with type annotation on return involving unpacking
+    "def f() -> tuple[*Ts]: pass",
+    "def f() -> tuple[int, *Ts]: pass",
+    "def f() -> tuple[int, *tuple[int, ...]]: pass",
+    # ClassDef
+    "class C:pass",
+    # ClassDef with docstring
+    "class C: 'docstring for class C'",
+    # ClassDef, new style class
+    "class C(object): pass",
+    # Classdef with multiple bases
+    "class C(A, B): pass",
+    # Return
+    "def f():return 1",
+    "def f():return",
+    # Delete
+    "del v",
+    # Assign
+    "v = 1",
+    "a,b = c",
+    "(a,b) = c",
+    "[a,b] = c",
+    "a[b] = c",
+    # AnnAssign with unpacked types
+    "x: tuple[*Ts]",
+    "x: tuple[int, *Ts]",
+    "x: tuple[int, *tuple[str, ...]]",
+    # AugAssign
+    "v += 1",
+    "v -= 1",
+    "v *= 1",
+    "v @= 1",
+    "v /= 1",
+    "v %= 1",
+    "v **= 1",
+    "v <<= 1",
+    "v >>= 1",
+    "v |= 1",
+    "v ^= 1",
+    "v &= 1",
+    "v //= 1",
+    # For
+    "for v in v:pass",
+    # For-Else
+    "for v in v:\n  pass\nelse:\n  pass",
+    # While
+    "while v:pass",
+    # While-Else
+    "while v:\n  pass\nelse:\n  pass",
+    # If-Elif-Else
+    "if v:pass",
+    "if a:\n  pass\nelif b:\n  pass",
+    "if a:\n  pass\nelse:\n  pass",
+    "if a:\n  pass\nelif b:\n  pass\nelse:\n  pass",
+    "if a:\n  pass\nelif b:\n  pass\nelif b:\n  pass\nelif b:\n  pass\nelse:\n  pass",
+    # With
+    "with x: pass",
+    "with x, y: pass",
+    "with x as y: pass",
+    "with x as y, z as q: pass",
+    "with (x as y): pass",
+    "with (x, y): pass",
+    # Raise
+    "raise",
+    "raise Exception('string')",
+    "raise Exception",
+    "raise Exception('string') from None",
+    # TryExcept
+    "try:\n  pass\nexcept Exception:\n  pass",
+    "try:\n  pass\nexcept Exception as exc:\n  pass",
+    # TryFinally
+    "try:\n  pass\nfinally:\n  pass",
+    # TryStarExcept
+    "try:\n  pass\nexcept* Exception:\n  pass",
+    "try:\n  pass\nexcept* Exception as exc:\n  pass",
+    # TryExceptFinallyElse
+    "try:\n  pass\nexcept Exception:\n  pass\nelse:  pass\nfinally:\n  pass",
+    "try:\n  pass\nexcept Exception as exc:\n  pass\nelse:  pass\nfinally:\n  pass",
+    "try:\n  pass\nexcept* Exception as exc:\n  pass\nelse:  pass\nfinally:\n  pass",
+    # Assert
+    "assert v",
+    # Assert with message
+    "assert v, 'message'",
+    # Import
+    "import sys",
+    "import foo as bar",
+    # ImportFrom
+    "from sys import x as y",
+    "from sys import v",
+    # Global
+    "global v",
+    # Expr
+    "1",
+    # Pass,
+    "pass",
+    # Break
+    "for v in v:break",
+    # Continue
+    "for v in v:continue",
+    # for statements with naked tuples (see http://bugs.python.org/issue6704)
+    "for a,b in c: pass",
+    "for (a,b) in c: pass",
+    "for [a,b] in c: pass",
+    # Multiline generator expression (test for .lineno & .col_offset)
+    """(
+    (
+    Aa
+    ,
+       Bb
+    )
+    for
+    Aa
+    ,
+    Bb in Cc
+    )""",
+    # dictcomp
+    "{a : b for w in x for m in p if g}",
+    # dictcomp with naked tuple
+    "{a : b for v,w in x}",
+    # setcomp
+    "{r for l in x if g}",
+    # setcomp with naked tuple
+    "{r for l,m in x}",
+    # AsyncFunctionDef
+    "async def f():\n 'async function'\n await something()",
+    # AsyncFor
+    "async def f():\n async for e in i: 1\n else: 2",
+    # AsyncWith
+    "async def f():\n async with a as b: 1",
+    # PEP 448: Additional Unpacking Generalizations
+    "{**{1:2}, 2:3}",
+    "{*{1, 2}, 3}",
+    # Function with yield (from)
+    "def f(): yield 1",
+    "def f(): yield from []",
+    # Asynchronous comprehensions
+    "async def f():\n [i async for b in c]",
+    # Decorated FunctionDef
+    "@deco1\n@deco2()\n@deco3(1)\ndef f(): pass",
+    # Decorated AsyncFunctionDef
+    "@deco1\n@deco2()\n@deco3(1)\nasync def f(): pass",
+    # Decorated ClassDef
+    "@deco1\n@deco2()\n@deco3(1)\nclass C: pass",
+    # Decorator with generator argument
+    "@deco(a for a in b)\ndef f(): pass",
+    # Decorator with attribute
+    "@a.b.c\ndef f(): pass",
+    # Simple assignment expression
+    "(a := 1)",
+    # Assignment expression in if statement
+    "if a := foo(): pass",
+    # Assignment expression in while
+    "while a := foo(): pass",
+    # Positional-only arguments
+    "def f(a, /,): pass",
+    "def f(a, /, c, d, e): pass",
+    "def f(a, /, c, *, d, e): pass",
+    "def f(a, /, c, *, d, e, **kwargs): pass",
+    # Positional-only arguments with defaults
+    "def f(a=1, /,): pass",
+    "def f(a=1, /, b=2, c=4): pass",
+    "def f(a=1, /, b=2, *, c=4): pass",
+    "def f(a=1, /, b=2, *, c): pass",
+    "def f(a=1, /, b=2, *, c=4, **kwargs): pass",
+    "def f(a=1, /, b=2, *, c, **kwargs): pass",
+    # Type aliases
+    "type X = int",
+    "type X[T] = int",
+    "type X[T, *Ts, **P] = (T, Ts, P)",
+    "type X[T: int, *Ts, **P] = (T, Ts, P)",
+    "type X[T: (int, str), *Ts, **P] = (T, Ts, P)",
+    "type X[T: int = 1, *Ts = 2, **P =3] = (T, Ts, P)",
+    # Generic classes
+    "class X[T]: pass",
+    "class X[T, *Ts, **P]: pass",
+    "class X[T: int, *Ts, **P]: pass",
+    "class X[T: (int, str), *Ts, **P]: pass",
+    "class X[T: int = 1, *Ts = 2, **P = 3]: pass",
+    # Generic functions
+    "def f[T](): pass",
+    "def f[T, *Ts, **P](): pass",
+    "def f[T: int, *Ts, **P](): pass",
+    "def f[T: (int, str), *Ts, **P](): pass",
+    "def f[T: int = 1, *Ts = 2, **P = 3](): pass",
+    # Match
+    "match x:\n\tcase 1:\n\t\tpass",
+    # Match with _
+    "match x:\n\tcase 1:\n\t\tpass\n\tcase _:\n\t\tpass",
+]
+
+# These are compiled through "single"
+# because of overlap with "eval", it just tests what
+# can't be tested with "eval"
+single_tests = [
+    "1+2"
+]
+
+# These are compiled through "eval"
+# It should test all expressions
+eval_tests = [
+  # Constant(value=None)
+  "None",
+  # True
+  "True",
+  # False
+  "False",
+  # BoolOp
+  "a and b",
+  "a or b",
+  # BinOp
+  "a + b",
+  "a - b",
+  "a * b",
+  "a / b",
+  "a @ b",
+  "a // b",
+  "a ** b",
+  "a % b",
+  "a >> b",
+  "a << b",
+  "a ^ b",
+  "a | b",
+  "a & b",
+  # UnaryOp
+  "not v",
+  "+v",
+  "-v",
+  "~v",
+  # Lambda
+  "lambda:None",
+  # Dict
+  "{ 1:2 }",
+  # Empty dict
+  "{}",
+  # Set
+  "{None,}",
+  # Multiline dict (test for .lineno & .col_offset)
+  """{
+      1
+        :
+          2
+     }""",
+  # Multiline list
+  """[
+      1
+       ,
+        1
+     ]""",
+  # Multiline tuple
+  """(
+      1
+       ,
+     )""",
+  # Multiline set
+  """{
+      1
+       ,
+        1
+     }""",
+  # ListComp
+  "[a for b in c if d]",
+  # GeneratorExp
+  "(a for b in c if d)",
+  # SetComp
+  "{a for b in c if d}",
+  # DictComp
+  "{k: v for k, v in c if d}",
+  # Comprehensions with multiple for targets
+  "[(a,b) for a,b in c]",
+  "[(a,b) for (a,b) in c]",
+  "[(a,b) for [a,b] in c]",
+  "{(a,b) for a,b in c}",
+  "{(a,b) for (a,b) in c}",
+  "{(a,b) for [a,b] in c}",
+  "((a,b) for a,b in c)",
+  "((a,b) for (a,b) in c)",
+  "((a,b) for [a,b] in c)",
+  # Async comprehensions - async comprehensions can't work outside an asynchronous function
+  #
+  # Yield - yield expressions can't work outside a function
+  #
+  # Compare
+  "1 < 2 < 3",
+  "a == b",
+  "a <= b",
+  "a >= b",
+  "a != b",
+  "a is b",
+  "a is not b",
+  "a in b",
+  "a not in b",
+  # Call without argument
+  "f()",
+  # Call
+  "f(1,2,c=3,*d,**e)",
+  # Call with multi-character starred
+  "f(*[0, 1])",
+  # Call with a generator argument
+  "f(a for a in b)",
+  # Constant(value=int())
+  "10",
+  # Complex num
+  "1j",
+  # Constant(value=str())
+  "'string'",
+  # Attribute
+  "a.b",
+  # Subscript
+  "a[b:c]",
+  # Name
+  "v",
+  # List
+  "[1,2,3]",
+  # Empty list
+  "[]",
+  # Tuple
+  "1,2,3",
+  # Tuple
+  "(1,2,3)",
+  # Empty tuple
+  "()",
+  # Combination
+  "a.b.c.d(a.b[1:2])",
+  # Slice
+  "[5][1:]",
+  "[5][:1]",
+  "[5][::1]",
+  "[5][1:1:1]",
+  # IfExp
+  "foo() if x else bar()",
+  # JoinedStr and FormattedValue
+  "f'{a}'",
+  "f'{a:.2f}'",
+  "f'{a!r}'",
+  "f'foo({a})'",
+]
+
+
+def main():
+    if __name__ != '__main__':
+        return
+    if sys.argv[1:] == ['-g']:
+        for statements, kind in ((exec_tests, "exec"), (single_tests, "single"),
+                                 (eval_tests, "eval")):
+            print(kind+"_results = [")
+            for statement in statements:
+                tree = ast.parse(statement, "?", kind)
+                print("%r," % (to_tuple(tree),))
+            print("]")
+        print("main()")
+        raise SystemExit
+
+#### EVERYTHING BELOW IS GENERATED BY python Lib/test/test_ast/snippets.py -g  #####
+exec_results = [
+('Module', [('Expr', (1, 0, 1, 18), ('Constant', (1, 0, 1, 18), 'module docstring', None))], []),
+('Module', [('FunctionDef', (1, 0, 1, 13), 'f', ('arguments', [], [], None, [], [], None, []), [('Pass', (1, 9, 1, 13))], [], None, None, [])], []),
+('Module', [('FunctionDef', (1, 0, 1, 29), 'f', ('arguments', [], [], None, [], [], None, []), [('Expr', (1, 9, 1, 29), ('Constant', (1, 9, 1, 29), 'function docstring', None))], [], None, None, [])], []),
+('Module', [('FunctionDef', (1, 0, 1, 14), 'f', ('arguments', [], [('arg', (1, 6, 1, 7), 'a', None, None)], None, [], [], None, []), [('Pass', (1, 10, 1, 14))], [], None, None, [])], []),
+('Module', [('FunctionDef', (1, 0, 1, 16), 'f', ('arguments', [], [('arg', (1, 6, 1, 7), 'a', None, None)], None, [], [], None, [('Constant', (1, 8, 1, 9), 0, None)]), [('Pass', (1, 12, 1, 16))], [], None, None, [])], []),
+('Module', [('FunctionDef', (1, 0, 1, 18), 'f', ('arguments', [], [], ('arg', (1, 7, 1, 11), 'args', None, None), [], [], None, []), [('Pass', (1, 14, 1, 18))], [], None, None, [])], []),
+('Module', [('FunctionDef', (1, 0, 1, 23), 'f', ('arguments', [], [], ('arg', (1, 7, 1, 16), 'args', ('Starred', (1, 13, 1, 16), ('Name', (1, 14, 1, 16), 'Ts', ('Load',)), ('Load',)), None), [], [], None, []), [('Pass', (1, 19, 1, 23))], [], None, None, [])], []),
+('Module', [('FunctionDef', (1, 0, 1, 36), 'f', ('arguments', [], [], ('arg', (1, 7, 1, 29), 'args', ('Starred', (1, 13, 1, 29), ('Subscript', (1, 14, 1, 29), ('Name', (1, 14, 1, 19), 'tuple', ('Load',)), ('Tuple', (1, 20, 1, 28), [('Name', (1, 20, 1, 23), 'int', ('Load',)), ('Constant', (1, 25, 1, 28), Ellipsis, None)], ('Load',)), ('Load',)), ('Load',)), None), [], [], None, []), [('Pass', (1, 32, 1, 36))], [], None, None, [])], []),
+('Module', [('FunctionDef', (1, 0, 1, 36), 'f', ('arguments', [], [], ('arg', (1, 7, 1, 29), 'args', ('Starred', (1, 13, 1, 29), ('Subscript', (1, 14, 1, 29), ('Name', (1, 14, 1, 19), 'tuple', ('Load',)), ('Tuple', (1, 20, 1, 28), [('Name', (1, 20, 1, 23), 'int', ('Load',)), ('Starred', (1, 25, 1, 28), ('Name', (1, 26, 1, 28), 'Ts', ('Load',)), ('Load',))], ('Load',)), ('Load',)), ('Load',)), None), [], [], None, []), [('Pass', (1, 32, 1, 36))], [], None, None, [])], []),
+('Module', [('FunctionDef', (1, 0, 1, 21), 'f', ('arguments', [], [], None, [], [], ('arg', (1, 8, 1, 14), 'kwargs', None, None), []), [('Pass', (1, 17, 1, 21))], [], None, None, [])], []),
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+('Module', [('FunctionDef', (2, 0, 2, 13), 'f', ('arguments', [], [], None, [], [], None, []), [('Pass', (2, 9, 2, 13))], [('Attribute', (1, 1, 1, 6), ('Attribute', (1, 1, 1, 4), ('Name', (1, 1, 1, 2), 'a', ('Load',)), 'b', ('Load',)), 'c', ('Load',))], None, None, [])], []),
+('Module', [('Expr', (1, 0, 1, 8), ('NamedExpr', (1, 1, 1, 7), ('Name', (1, 1, 1, 2), 'a', ('Store',)), ('Constant', (1, 6, 1, 7), 1, None)))], []),
+('Module', [('If', (1, 0, 1, 19), ('NamedExpr', (1, 3, 1, 13), ('Name', (1, 3, 1, 4), 'a', ('Store',)), ('Call', (1, 8, 1, 13), ('Name', (1, 8, 1, 11), 'foo', ('Load',)), [], [])), [('Pass', (1, 15, 1, 19))], [])], []),
+('Module', [('While', (1, 0, 1, 22), ('NamedExpr', (1, 6, 1, 16), ('Name', (1, 6, 1, 7), 'a', ('Store',)), ('Call', (1, 11, 1, 16), ('Name', (1, 11, 1, 14), 'foo', ('Load',)), [], [])), [('Pass', (1, 18, 1, 22))], [])], []),
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+('Module', [('FunctionDef', (1, 0, 1, 26), 'f', ('arguments', [('arg', (1, 6, 1, 7), 'a', None, None)], [('arg', (1, 12, 1, 13), 'c', None, None), ('arg', (1, 15, 1, 16), 'd', None, None), ('arg', (1, 18, 1, 19), 'e', None, None)], None, [], [], None, []), [('Pass', (1, 22, 1, 26))], [], None, None, [])], []),
+('Module', [('FunctionDef', (1, 0, 1, 29), 'f', ('arguments', [('arg', (1, 6, 1, 7), 'a', None, None)], [('arg', (1, 12, 1, 13), 'c', None, None)], None, [('arg', (1, 18, 1, 19), 'd', None, None), ('arg', (1, 21, 1, 22), 'e', None, None)], [None, None], None, []), [('Pass', (1, 25, 1, 29))], [], None, None, [])], []),
+('Module', [('FunctionDef', (1, 0, 1, 39), 'f', ('arguments', [('arg', (1, 6, 1, 7), 'a', None, None)], [('arg', (1, 12, 1, 13), 'c', None, None)], None, [('arg', (1, 18, 1, 19), 'd', None, None), ('arg', (1, 21, 1, 22), 'e', None, None)], [None, None], ('arg', (1, 26, 1, 32), 'kwargs', None, None), []), [('Pass', (1, 35, 1, 39))], [], None, None, [])], []),
+('Module', [('FunctionDef', (1, 0, 1, 20), 'f', ('arguments', [('arg', (1, 6, 1, 7), 'a', None, None)], [], None, [], [], None, [('Constant', (1, 8, 1, 9), 1, None)]), [('Pass', (1, 16, 1, 20))], [], None, None, [])], []),
+('Module', [('FunctionDef', (1, 0, 1, 29), 'f', ('arguments', [('arg', (1, 6, 1, 7), 'a', None, None)], [('arg', (1, 14, 1, 15), 'b', None, None), ('arg', (1, 19, 1, 20), 'c', None, None)], None, [], [], None, [('Constant', (1, 8, 1, 9), 1, None), ('Constant', (1, 16, 1, 17), 2, None), ('Constant', (1, 21, 1, 22), 4, None)]), [('Pass', (1, 25, 1, 29))], [], None, None, [])], []),
+('Module', [('FunctionDef', (1, 0, 1, 32), 'f', ('arguments', [('arg', (1, 6, 1, 7), 'a', None, None)], [('arg', (1, 14, 1, 15), 'b', None, None)], None, [('arg', (1, 22, 1, 23), 'c', None, None)], [('Constant', (1, 24, 1, 25), 4, None)], None, [('Constant', (1, 8, 1, 9), 1, None), ('Constant', (1, 16, 1, 17), 2, None)]), [('Pass', (1, 28, 1, 32))], [], None, None, [])], []),
+('Module', [('FunctionDef', (1, 0, 1, 30), 'f', ('arguments', [('arg', (1, 6, 1, 7), 'a', None, None)], [('arg', (1, 14, 1, 15), 'b', None, None)], None, [('arg', (1, 22, 1, 23), 'c', None, None)], [None], None, [('Constant', (1, 8, 1, 9), 1, None), ('Constant', (1, 16, 1, 17), 2, None)]), [('Pass', (1, 26, 1, 30))], [], None, None, [])], []),
+('Module', [('FunctionDef', (1, 0, 1, 42), 'f', ('arguments', [('arg', (1, 6, 1, 7), 'a', None, None)], [('arg', (1, 14, 1, 15), 'b', None, None)], None, [('arg', (1, 22, 1, 23), 'c', None, None)], [('Constant', (1, 24, 1, 25), 4, None)], ('arg', (1, 29, 1, 35), 'kwargs', None, None), [('Constant', (1, 8, 1, 9), 1, None), ('Constant', (1, 16, 1, 17), 2, None)]), [('Pass', (1, 38, 1, 42))], [], None, None, [])], []),
+('Module', [('FunctionDef', (1, 0, 1, 40), 'f', ('arguments', [('arg', (1, 6, 1, 7), 'a', None, None)], [('arg', (1, 14, 1, 15), 'b', None, None)], None, [('arg', (1, 22, 1, 23), 'c', None, None)], [None], ('arg', (1, 27, 1, 33), 'kwargs', None, None), [('Constant', (1, 8, 1, 9), 1, None), ('Constant', (1, 16, 1, 17), 2, None)]), [('Pass', (1, 36, 1, 40))], [], None, None, [])], []),
+('Module', [('TypeAlias', (1, 0, 1, 12), ('Name', (1, 5, 1, 6), 'X', ('Store',)), [], ('Name', (1, 9, 1, 12), 'int', ('Load',)))], []),
+('Module', [('TypeAlias', (1, 0, 1, 15), ('Name', (1, 5, 1, 6), 'X', ('Store',)), [('TypeVar', (1, 7, 1, 8), 'T', None, None)], ('Name', (1, 12, 1, 15), 'int', ('Load',)))], []),
+('Module', [('TypeAlias', (1, 0, 1, 32), ('Name', (1, 5, 1, 6), 'X', ('Store',)), [('TypeVar', (1, 7, 1, 8), 'T', None, None), ('TypeVarTuple', (1, 10, 1, 13), 'Ts', None), ('ParamSpec', (1, 15, 1, 18), 'P', None)], ('Tuple', (1, 22, 1, 32), [('Name', (1, 23, 1, 24), 'T', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 26, 1, 28), 'Ts', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 30, 1, 31), 'P', ('Load',))], ('Load',)))], []),
+('Module', [('TypeAlias', (1, 0, 1, 37), ('Name', (1, 5, 1, 6), 'X', ('Store',)), [('TypeVar', (1, 7, 1, 13), 'T', ('Name', (1, 10, 1, 13), 'int', ('Load',)), None), ('TypeVarTuple', (1, 15, 1, 18), 'Ts', None), ('ParamSpec', (1, 20, 1, 23), 'P', None)], ('Tuple', (1, 27, 1, 37), [('Name', (1, 28, 1, 29), 'T', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 31, 1, 33), 'Ts', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 35, 1, 36), 'P', ('Load',))], ('Load',)))], []),
+('Module', [('TypeAlias', (1, 0, 1, 44), ('Name', (1, 5, 1, 6), 'X', ('Store',)), [('TypeVar', (1, 7, 1, 20), 'T', ('Tuple', (1, 10, 1, 20), [('Name', (1, 11, 1, 14), 'int', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 16, 1, 19), 'str', ('Load',))], ('Load',)), None), ('TypeVarTuple', (1, 22, 1, 25), 'Ts', None), ('ParamSpec', (1, 27, 1, 30), 'P', None)], ('Tuple', (1, 34, 1, 44), [('Name', (1, 35, 1, 36), 'T', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 38, 1, 40), 'Ts', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 42, 1, 43), 'P', ('Load',))], ('Load',)))], []),
+('Module', [('TypeAlias', (1, 0, 1, 48), ('Name', (1, 5, 1, 6), 'X', ('Store',)), [('TypeVar', (1, 7, 1, 17), 'T', ('Name', (1, 10, 1, 13), 'int', ('Load',)), ('Constant', (1, 16, 1, 17), 1, None)), ('TypeVarTuple', (1, 19, 1, 26), 'Ts', ('Constant', (1, 25, 1, 26), 2, None)), ('ParamSpec', (1, 28, 1, 34), 'P', ('Constant', (1, 33, 1, 34), 3, None))], ('Tuple', (1, 38, 1, 48), [('Name', (1, 39, 1, 40), 'T', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 42, 1, 44), 'Ts', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 46, 1, 47), 'P', ('Load',))], ('Load',)))], []),
+('Module', [('ClassDef', (1, 0, 1, 16), 'X', [], [], [('Pass', (1, 12, 1, 16))], [], [('TypeVar', (1, 8, 1, 9), 'T', None, None)])], []),
+('Module', [('ClassDef', (1, 0, 1, 26), 'X', [], [], [('Pass', (1, 22, 1, 26))], [], [('TypeVar', (1, 8, 1, 9), 'T', None, None), ('TypeVarTuple', (1, 11, 1, 14), 'Ts', None), ('ParamSpec', (1, 16, 1, 19), 'P', None)])], []),
+('Module', [('ClassDef', (1, 0, 1, 31), 'X', [], [], [('Pass', (1, 27, 1, 31))], [], [('TypeVar', (1, 8, 1, 14), 'T', ('Name', (1, 11, 1, 14), 'int', ('Load',)), None), ('TypeVarTuple', (1, 16, 1, 19), 'Ts', None), ('ParamSpec', (1, 21, 1, 24), 'P', None)])], []),
+('Module', [('ClassDef', (1, 0, 1, 38), 'X', [], [], [('Pass', (1, 34, 1, 38))], [], [('TypeVar', (1, 8, 1, 21), 'T', ('Tuple', (1, 11, 1, 21), [('Name', (1, 12, 1, 15), 'int', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 17, 1, 20), 'str', ('Load',))], ('Load',)), None), ('TypeVarTuple', (1, 23, 1, 26), 'Ts', None), ('ParamSpec', (1, 28, 1, 31), 'P', None)])], []),
+('Module', [('ClassDef', (1, 0, 1, 43), 'X', [], [], [('Pass', (1, 39, 1, 43))], [], [('TypeVar', (1, 8, 1, 18), 'T', ('Name', (1, 11, 1, 14), 'int', ('Load',)), ('Constant', (1, 17, 1, 18), 1, None)), ('TypeVarTuple', (1, 20, 1, 27), 'Ts', ('Constant', (1, 26, 1, 27), 2, None)), ('ParamSpec', (1, 29, 1, 36), 'P', ('Constant', (1, 35, 1, 36), 3, None))])], []),
+('Module', [('FunctionDef', (1, 0, 1, 16), 'f', ('arguments', [], [], None, [], [], None, []), [('Pass', (1, 12, 1, 16))], [], None, None, [('TypeVar', (1, 6, 1, 7), 'T', None, None)])], []),
+('Module', [('FunctionDef', (1, 0, 1, 26), 'f', ('arguments', [], [], None, [], [], None, []), [('Pass', (1, 22, 1, 26))], [], None, None, [('TypeVar', (1, 6, 1, 7), 'T', None, None), ('TypeVarTuple', (1, 9, 1, 12), 'Ts', None), ('ParamSpec', (1, 14, 1, 17), 'P', None)])], []),
+('Module', [('FunctionDef', (1, 0, 1, 31), 'f', ('arguments', [], [], None, [], [], None, []), [('Pass', (1, 27, 1, 31))], [], None, None, [('TypeVar', (1, 6, 1, 12), 'T', ('Name', (1, 9, 1, 12), 'int', ('Load',)), None), ('TypeVarTuple', (1, 14, 1, 17), 'Ts', None), ('ParamSpec', (1, 19, 1, 22), 'P', None)])], []),
+('Module', [('FunctionDef', (1, 0, 1, 38), 'f', ('arguments', [], [], None, [], [], None, []), [('Pass', (1, 34, 1, 38))], [], None, None, [('TypeVar', (1, 6, 1, 19), 'T', ('Tuple', (1, 9, 1, 19), [('Name', (1, 10, 1, 13), 'int', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 15, 1, 18), 'str', ('Load',))], ('Load',)), None), ('TypeVarTuple', (1, 21, 1, 24), 'Ts', None), ('ParamSpec', (1, 26, 1, 29), 'P', None)])], []),
+('Module', [('FunctionDef', (1, 0, 1, 43), 'f', ('arguments', [], [], None, [], [], None, []), [('Pass', (1, 39, 1, 43))], [], None, None, [('TypeVar', (1, 6, 1, 16), 'T', ('Name', (1, 9, 1, 12), 'int', ('Load',)), ('Constant', (1, 15, 1, 16), 1, None)), ('TypeVarTuple', (1, 18, 1, 25), 'Ts', ('Constant', (1, 24, 1, 25), 2, None)), ('ParamSpec', (1, 27, 1, 34), 'P', ('Constant', (1, 33, 1, 34), 3, None))])], []),
+('Module', [('Match', (1, 0, 3, 6), ('Name', (1, 6, 1, 7), 'x', ('Load',)), [('match_case', ('MatchValue', (2, 6, 2, 7), ('Constant', (2, 6, 2, 7), 1, None)), None, [('Pass', (3, 2, 3, 6))])])], []),
+('Module', [('Match', (1, 0, 5, 6), ('Name', (1, 6, 1, 7), 'x', ('Load',)), [('match_case', ('MatchValue', (2, 6, 2, 7), ('Constant', (2, 6, 2, 7), 1, None)), None, [('Pass', (3, 2, 3, 6))]), ('match_case', ('MatchAs', (4, 6, 4, 7), None, None), None, [('Pass', (5, 2, 5, 6))])])], []),
+]
+single_results = [
+('Interactive', [('Expr', (1, 0, 1, 3), ('BinOp', (1, 0, 1, 3), ('Constant', (1, 0, 1, 1), 1, None), ('Add',), ('Constant', (1, 2, 1, 3), 2, None)))]),
+]
+eval_results = [
+('Expression', ('Constant', (1, 0, 1, 4), None, None)),
+('Expression', ('Constant', (1, 0, 1, 4), True, None)),
+('Expression', ('Constant', (1, 0, 1, 5), False, None)),
+('Expression', ('BoolOp', (1, 0, 1, 7), ('And',), [('Name', (1, 0, 1, 1), 'a', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 6, 1, 7), 'b', ('Load',))])),
+('Expression', ('BoolOp', (1, 0, 1, 6), ('Or',), [('Name', (1, 0, 1, 1), 'a', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 5, 1, 6), 'b', ('Load',))])),
+('Expression', ('BinOp', (1, 0, 1, 5), ('Name', (1, 0, 1, 1), 'a', ('Load',)), ('Add',), ('Name', (1, 4, 1, 5), 'b', ('Load',)))),
+('Expression', ('BinOp', (1, 0, 1, 5), ('Name', (1, 0, 1, 1), 'a', ('Load',)), ('Sub',), ('Name', (1, 4, 1, 5), 'b', ('Load',)))),
+('Expression', ('BinOp', (1, 0, 1, 5), ('Name', (1, 0, 1, 1), 'a', ('Load',)), ('Mult',), ('Name', (1, 4, 1, 5), 'b', ('Load',)))),
+('Expression', ('BinOp', (1, 0, 1, 5), ('Name', (1, 0, 1, 1), 'a', ('Load',)), ('Div',), ('Name', (1, 4, 1, 5), 'b', ('Load',)))),
+('Expression', ('BinOp', (1, 0, 1, 5), ('Name', (1, 0, 1, 1), 'a', ('Load',)), ('MatMult',), ('Name', (1, 4, 1, 5), 'b', ('Load',)))),
+('Expression', ('BinOp', (1, 0, 1, 6), ('Name', (1, 0, 1, 1), 'a', ('Load',)), ('FloorDiv',), ('Name', (1, 5, 1, 6), 'b', ('Load',)))),
+('Expression', ('BinOp', (1, 0, 1, 6), ('Name', (1, 0, 1, 1), 'a', ('Load',)), ('Pow',), ('Name', (1, 5, 1, 6), 'b', ('Load',)))),
+('Expression', ('BinOp', (1, 0, 1, 5), ('Name', (1, 0, 1, 1), 'a', ('Load',)), ('Mod',), ('Name', (1, 4, 1, 5), 'b', ('Load',)))),
+('Expression', ('BinOp', (1, 0, 1, 6), ('Name', (1, 0, 1, 1), 'a', ('Load',)), ('RShift',), ('Name', (1, 5, 1, 6), 'b', ('Load',)))),
+('Expression', ('BinOp', (1, 0, 1, 6), ('Name', (1, 0, 1, 1), 'a', ('Load',)), ('LShift',), ('Name', (1, 5, 1, 6), 'b', ('Load',)))),
+('Expression', ('BinOp', (1, 0, 1, 5), ('Name', (1, 0, 1, 1), 'a', ('Load',)), ('BitXor',), ('Name', (1, 4, 1, 5), 'b', ('Load',)))),
+('Expression', ('BinOp', (1, 0, 1, 5), ('Name', (1, 0, 1, 1), 'a', ('Load',)), ('BitOr',), ('Name', (1, 4, 1, 5), 'b', ('Load',)))),
+('Expression', ('BinOp', (1, 0, 1, 5), ('Name', (1, 0, 1, 1), 'a', ('Load',)), ('BitAnd',), ('Name', (1, 4, 1, 5), 'b', ('Load',)))),
+('Expression', ('UnaryOp', (1, 0, 1, 5), ('Not',), ('Name', (1, 4, 1, 5), 'v', ('Load',)))),
+('Expression', ('UnaryOp', (1, 0, 1, 2), ('UAdd',), ('Name', (1, 1, 1, 2), 'v', ('Load',)))),
+('Expression', ('UnaryOp', (1, 0, 1, 2), ('USub',), ('Name', (1, 1, 1, 2), 'v', ('Load',)))),
+('Expression', ('UnaryOp', (1, 0, 1, 2), ('Invert',), ('Name', (1, 1, 1, 2), 'v', ('Load',)))),
+('Expression', ('Lambda', (1, 0, 1, 11), ('arguments', [], [], None, [], [], None, []), ('Constant', (1, 7, 1, 11), None, None))),
+('Expression', ('Dict', (1, 0, 1, 7), [('Constant', (1, 2, 1, 3), 1, None)], [('Constant', (1, 4, 1, 5), 2, None)])),
+('Expression', ('Dict', (1, 0, 1, 2), [], [])),
+('Expression', ('Set', (1, 0, 1, 7), [('Constant', (1, 1, 1, 5), None, None)])),
+('Expression', ('Dict', (1, 0, 5, 6), [('Constant', (2, 6, 2, 7), 1, None)], [('Constant', (4, 10, 4, 11), 2, None)])),
+('Expression', ('List', (1, 0, 5, 6), [('Constant', (2, 6, 2, 7), 1, None), ('Constant', (4, 8, 4, 9), 1, None)], ('Load',))),
+('Expression', ('Tuple', (1, 0, 4, 6), [('Constant', (2, 6, 2, 7), 1, None)], ('Load',))),
+('Expression', ('Set', (1, 0, 5, 6), [('Constant', (2, 6, 2, 7), 1, None), ('Constant', (4, 8, 4, 9), 1, None)])),
+('Expression', ('ListComp', (1, 0, 1, 19), ('Name', (1, 1, 1, 2), 'a', ('Load',)), [('comprehension', ('Name', (1, 7, 1, 8), 'b', ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 12, 1, 13), 'c', ('Load',)), [('Name', (1, 17, 1, 18), 'd', ('Load',))], 0)])),
+('Expression', ('GeneratorExp', (1, 0, 1, 19), ('Name', (1, 1, 1, 2), 'a', ('Load',)), [('comprehension', ('Name', (1, 7, 1, 8), 'b', ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 12, 1, 13), 'c', ('Load',)), [('Name', (1, 17, 1, 18), 'd', ('Load',))], 0)])),
+('Expression', ('SetComp', (1, 0, 1, 19), ('Name', (1, 1, 1, 2), 'a', ('Load',)), [('comprehension', ('Name', (1, 7, 1, 8), 'b', ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 12, 1, 13), 'c', ('Load',)), [('Name', (1, 17, 1, 18), 'd', ('Load',))], 0)])),
+('Expression', ('DictComp', (1, 0, 1, 25), ('Name', (1, 1, 1, 2), 'k', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 4, 1, 5), 'v', ('Load',)), [('comprehension', ('Tuple', (1, 10, 1, 14), [('Name', (1, 10, 1, 11), 'k', ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 13, 1, 14), 'v', ('Store',))], ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 18, 1, 19), 'c', ('Load',)), [('Name', (1, 23, 1, 24), 'd', ('Load',))], 0)])),
+('Expression', ('ListComp', (1, 0, 1, 20), ('Tuple', (1, 1, 1, 6), [('Name', (1, 2, 1, 3), 'a', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 4, 1, 5), 'b', ('Load',))], ('Load',)), [('comprehension', ('Tuple', (1, 11, 1, 14), [('Name', (1, 11, 1, 12), 'a', ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 13, 1, 14), 'b', ('Store',))], ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 18, 1, 19), 'c', ('Load',)), [], 0)])),
+('Expression', ('ListComp', (1, 0, 1, 22), ('Tuple', (1, 1, 1, 6), [('Name', (1, 2, 1, 3), 'a', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 4, 1, 5), 'b', ('Load',))], ('Load',)), [('comprehension', ('Tuple', (1, 11, 1, 16), [('Name', (1, 12, 1, 13), 'a', ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 14, 1, 15), 'b', ('Store',))], ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 20, 1, 21), 'c', ('Load',)), [], 0)])),
+('Expression', ('ListComp', (1, 0, 1, 22), ('Tuple', (1, 1, 1, 6), [('Name', (1, 2, 1, 3), 'a', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 4, 1, 5), 'b', ('Load',))], ('Load',)), [('comprehension', ('List', (1, 11, 1, 16), [('Name', (1, 12, 1, 13), 'a', ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 14, 1, 15), 'b', ('Store',))], ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 20, 1, 21), 'c', ('Load',)), [], 0)])),
+('Expression', ('SetComp', (1, 0, 1, 20), ('Tuple', (1, 1, 1, 6), [('Name', (1, 2, 1, 3), 'a', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 4, 1, 5), 'b', ('Load',))], ('Load',)), [('comprehension', ('Tuple', (1, 11, 1, 14), [('Name', (1, 11, 1, 12), 'a', ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 13, 1, 14), 'b', ('Store',))], ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 18, 1, 19), 'c', ('Load',)), [], 0)])),
+('Expression', ('SetComp', (1, 0, 1, 22), ('Tuple', (1, 1, 1, 6), [('Name', (1, 2, 1, 3), 'a', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 4, 1, 5), 'b', ('Load',))], ('Load',)), [('comprehension', ('Tuple', (1, 11, 1, 16), [('Name', (1, 12, 1, 13), 'a', ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 14, 1, 15), 'b', ('Store',))], ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 20, 1, 21), 'c', ('Load',)), [], 0)])),
+('Expression', ('SetComp', (1, 0, 1, 22), ('Tuple', (1, 1, 1, 6), [('Name', (1, 2, 1, 3), 'a', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 4, 1, 5), 'b', ('Load',))], ('Load',)), [('comprehension', ('List', (1, 11, 1, 16), [('Name', (1, 12, 1, 13), 'a', ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 14, 1, 15), 'b', ('Store',))], ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 20, 1, 21), 'c', ('Load',)), [], 0)])),
+('Expression', ('GeneratorExp', (1, 0, 1, 20), ('Tuple', (1, 1, 1, 6), [('Name', (1, 2, 1, 3), 'a', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 4, 1, 5), 'b', ('Load',))], ('Load',)), [('comprehension', ('Tuple', (1, 11, 1, 14), [('Name', (1, 11, 1, 12), 'a', ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 13, 1, 14), 'b', ('Store',))], ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 18, 1, 19), 'c', ('Load',)), [], 0)])),
+('Expression', ('GeneratorExp', (1, 0, 1, 22), ('Tuple', (1, 1, 1, 6), [('Name', (1, 2, 1, 3), 'a', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 4, 1, 5), 'b', ('Load',))], ('Load',)), [('comprehension', ('Tuple', (1, 11, 1, 16), [('Name', (1, 12, 1, 13), 'a', ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 14, 1, 15), 'b', ('Store',))], ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 20, 1, 21), 'c', ('Load',)), [], 0)])),
+('Expression', ('GeneratorExp', (1, 0, 1, 22), ('Tuple', (1, 1, 1, 6), [('Name', (1, 2, 1, 3), 'a', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 4, 1, 5), 'b', ('Load',))], ('Load',)), [('comprehension', ('List', (1, 11, 1, 16), [('Name', (1, 12, 1, 13), 'a', ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 14, 1, 15), 'b', ('Store',))], ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 20, 1, 21), 'c', ('Load',)), [], 0)])),
+('Expression', ('Compare', (1, 0, 1, 9), ('Constant', (1, 0, 1, 1), 1, None), [('Lt',), ('Lt',)], [('Constant', (1, 4, 1, 5), 2, None), ('Constant', (1, 8, 1, 9), 3, None)])),
+('Expression', ('Compare', (1, 0, 1, 6), ('Name', (1, 0, 1, 1), 'a', ('Load',)), [('Eq',)], [('Name', (1, 5, 1, 6), 'b', ('Load',))])),
+('Expression', ('Compare', (1, 0, 1, 6), ('Name', (1, 0, 1, 1), 'a', ('Load',)), [('LtE',)], [('Name', (1, 5, 1, 6), 'b', ('Load',))])),
+('Expression', ('Compare', (1, 0, 1, 6), ('Name', (1, 0, 1, 1), 'a', ('Load',)), [('GtE',)], [('Name', (1, 5, 1, 6), 'b', ('Load',))])),
+('Expression', ('Compare', (1, 0, 1, 6), ('Name', (1, 0, 1, 1), 'a', ('Load',)), [('NotEq',)], [('Name', (1, 5, 1, 6), 'b', ('Load',))])),
+('Expression', ('Compare', (1, 0, 1, 6), ('Name', (1, 0, 1, 1), 'a', ('Load',)), [('Is',)], [('Name', (1, 5, 1, 6), 'b', ('Load',))])),
+('Expression', ('Compare', (1, 0, 1, 10), ('Name', (1, 0, 1, 1), 'a', ('Load',)), [('IsNot',)], [('Name', (1, 9, 1, 10), 'b', ('Load',))])),
+('Expression', ('Compare', (1, 0, 1, 6), ('Name', (1, 0, 1, 1), 'a', ('Load',)), [('In',)], [('Name', (1, 5, 1, 6), 'b', ('Load',))])),
+('Expression', ('Compare', (1, 0, 1, 10), ('Name', (1, 0, 1, 1), 'a', ('Load',)), [('NotIn',)], [('Name', (1, 9, 1, 10), 'b', ('Load',))])),
+('Expression', ('Call', (1, 0, 1, 3), ('Name', (1, 0, 1, 1), 'f', ('Load',)), [], [])),
+('Expression', ('Call', (1, 0, 1, 17), ('Name', (1, 0, 1, 1), 'f', ('Load',)), [('Constant', (1, 2, 1, 3), 1, None), ('Constant', (1, 4, 1, 5), 2, None), ('Starred', (1, 10, 1, 12), ('Name', (1, 11, 1, 12), 'd', ('Load',)), ('Load',))], [('keyword', (1, 6, 1, 9), 'c', ('Constant', (1, 8, 1, 9), 3, None)), ('keyword', (1, 13, 1, 16), None, ('Name', (1, 15, 1, 16), 'e', ('Load',)))])),
+('Expression', ('Call', (1, 0, 1, 10), ('Name', (1, 0, 1, 1), 'f', ('Load',)), [('Starred', (1, 2, 1, 9), ('List', (1, 3, 1, 9), [('Constant', (1, 4, 1, 5), 0, None), ('Constant', (1, 7, 1, 8), 1, None)], ('Load',)), ('Load',))], [])),
+('Expression', ('Call', (1, 0, 1, 15), ('Name', (1, 0, 1, 1), 'f', ('Load',)), [('GeneratorExp', (1, 1, 1, 15), ('Name', (1, 2, 1, 3), 'a', ('Load',)), [('comprehension', ('Name', (1, 8, 1, 9), 'a', ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 13, 1, 14), 'b', ('Load',)), [], 0)])], [])),
+('Expression', ('Constant', (1, 0, 1, 2), 10, None)),
+('Expression', ('Constant', (1, 0, 1, 2), 1j, None)),
+('Expression', ('Constant', (1, 0, 1, 8), 'string', None)),
+('Expression', ('Attribute', (1, 0, 1, 3), ('Name', (1, 0, 1, 1), 'a', ('Load',)), 'b', ('Load',))),
+('Expression', ('Subscript', (1, 0, 1, 6), ('Name', (1, 0, 1, 1), 'a', ('Load',)), ('Slice', (1, 2, 1, 5), ('Name', (1, 2, 1, 3), 'b', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 4, 1, 5), 'c', ('Load',)), None), ('Load',))),
+('Expression', ('Name', (1, 0, 1, 1), 'v', ('Load',))),
+('Expression', ('List', (1, 0, 1, 7), [('Constant', (1, 1, 1, 2), 1, None), ('Constant', (1, 3, 1, 4), 2, None), ('Constant', (1, 5, 1, 6), 3, None)], ('Load',))),
+('Expression', ('List', (1, 0, 1, 2), [], ('Load',))),
+('Expression', ('Tuple', (1, 0, 1, 5), [('Constant', (1, 0, 1, 1), 1, None), ('Constant', (1, 2, 1, 3), 2, None), ('Constant', (1, 4, 1, 5), 3, None)], ('Load',))),
+('Expression', ('Tuple', (1, 0, 1, 7), [('Constant', (1, 1, 1, 2), 1, None), ('Constant', (1, 3, 1, 4), 2, None), ('Constant', (1, 5, 1, 6), 3, None)], ('Load',))),
+('Expression', ('Tuple', (1, 0, 1, 2), [], ('Load',))),
+('Expression', ('Call', (1, 0, 1, 17), ('Attribute', (1, 0, 1, 7), ('Attribute', (1, 0, 1, 5), ('Attribute', (1, 0, 1, 3), ('Name', (1, 0, 1, 1), 'a', ('Load',)), 'b', ('Load',)), 'c', ('Load',)), 'd', ('Load',)), [('Subscript', (1, 8, 1, 16), ('Attribute', (1, 8, 1, 11), ('Name', (1, 8, 1, 9), 'a', ('Load',)), 'b', ('Load',)), ('Slice', (1, 12, 1, 15), ('Constant', (1, 12, 1, 13), 1, None), ('Constant', (1, 14, 1, 15), 2, None), None), ('Load',))], [])),
+('Expression', ('Subscript', (1, 0, 1, 7), ('List', (1, 0, 1, 3), [('Constant', (1, 1, 1, 2), 5, None)], ('Load',)), ('Slice', (1, 4, 1, 6), ('Constant', (1, 4, 1, 5), 1, None), None, None), ('Load',))),
+('Expression', ('Subscript', (1, 0, 1, 7), ('List', (1, 0, 1, 3), [('Constant', (1, 1, 1, 2), 5, None)], ('Load',)), ('Slice', (1, 4, 1, 6), None, ('Constant', (1, 5, 1, 6), 1, None), None), ('Load',))),
+('Expression', ('Subscript', (1, 0, 1, 8), ('List', (1, 0, 1, 3), [('Constant', (1, 1, 1, 2), 5, None)], ('Load',)), ('Slice', (1, 4, 1, 7), None, None, ('Constant', (1, 6, 1, 7), 1, None)), ('Load',))),
+('Expression', ('Subscript', (1, 0, 1, 10), ('List', (1, 0, 1, 3), [('Constant', (1, 1, 1, 2), 5, None)], ('Load',)), ('Slice', (1, 4, 1, 9), ('Constant', (1, 4, 1, 5), 1, None), ('Constant', (1, 6, 1, 7), 1, None), ('Constant', (1, 8, 1, 9), 1, None)), ('Load',))),
+('Expression', ('IfExp', (1, 0, 1, 21), ('Name', (1, 9, 1, 10), 'x', ('Load',)), ('Call', (1, 0, 1, 5), ('Name', (1, 0, 1, 3), 'foo', ('Load',)), [], []), ('Call', (1, 16, 1, 21), ('Name', (1, 16, 1, 19), 'bar', ('Load',)), [], []))),
+('Expression', ('JoinedStr', (1, 0, 1, 6), [('FormattedValue', (1, 2, 1, 5), ('Name', (1, 3, 1, 4), 'a', ('Load',)), -1, None)])),
+('Expression', ('JoinedStr', (1, 0, 1, 10), [('FormattedValue', (1, 2, 1, 9), ('Name', (1, 3, 1, 4), 'a', ('Load',)), -1, ('JoinedStr', (1, 4, 1, 8), [('Constant', (1, 5, 1, 8), '.2f', None)]))])),
+('Expression', ('JoinedStr', (1, 0, 1, 8), [('FormattedValue', (1, 2, 1, 7), ('Name', (1, 3, 1, 4), 'a', ('Load',)), 114, None)])),
+('Expression', ('JoinedStr', (1, 0, 1, 11), [('Constant', (1, 2, 1, 6), 'foo(', None), ('FormattedValue', (1, 6, 1, 9), ('Name', (1, 7, 1, 8), 'a', ('Load',)), -1, None), ('Constant', (1, 9, 1, 10), ')', None)])),
+]
+main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_ast.py b/Lib/test/test_ast/test_ast.py
similarity index 72%
rename from Lib/test/test_ast.py
rename to Lib/test/test_ast/test_ast.py
index 18b2f7ffca6083..dd1c6447fca337 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_ast.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_ast/test_ast.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import ast
 import builtins
+import copy
 import dis
 import enum
 import os
@@ -9,6 +10,7 @@
 import types
 import unittest
 import weakref
+from pathlib import Path
 from textwrap import dedent
 try:
     import _testinternalcapi
@@ -18,280 +20,26 @@
 from test import support
 from test.support import os_helper, script_helper
 from test.support.ast_helper import ASTTestMixin
+from test.test_ast.utils import to_tuple
+from test.test_ast.snippets import (
+    eval_tests, eval_results, exec_tests, exec_results, single_tests, single_results
+)
 
-def to_tuple(t):
-    if t is None or isinstance(t, (str, int, complex)) or t is Ellipsis:
-        return t
-    elif isinstance(t, list):
-        return [to_tuple(e) for e in t]
-    result = [t.__class__.__name__]
-    if hasattr(t, 'lineno') and hasattr(t, 'col_offset'):
-        result.append((t.lineno, t.col_offset))
-        if hasattr(t, 'end_lineno') and hasattr(t, 'end_col_offset'):
-            result[-1] += (t.end_lineno, t.end_col_offset)
-    if t._fields is None:
-        return tuple(result)
-    for f in t._fields:
-        result.append(to_tuple(getattr(t, f)))
-    return tuple(result)
 
 STDLIB = os.path.dirname(ast.__file__)
 STDLIB_FILES = [fn for fn in os.listdir(STDLIB) if fn.endswith(".py")]
 STDLIB_FILES.extend(["test/test_grammar.py", "test/test_unpack_ex.py"])
 
-# These tests are compiled through "exec"
-# There should be at least one test per statement
-exec_tests = [
-    # None
-    "None",
-    # Module docstring
-    "'module docstring'",
-    # FunctionDef
-    "def f(): pass",
-    # FunctionDef with docstring
-    "def f(): 'function docstring'",
-    # FunctionDef with arg
-    "def f(a): pass",
-    # FunctionDef with arg and default value
-    "def f(a=0): pass",
-    # FunctionDef with varargs
-    "def f(*args): pass",
-    # FunctionDef with varargs as TypeVarTuple
-    "def f(*args: *Ts): pass",
-    # FunctionDef with varargs as unpacked Tuple
-    "def f(*args: *tuple[int, ...]): pass",
-    # FunctionDef with varargs as unpacked Tuple *and* TypeVarTuple
-    "def f(*args: *tuple[int, *Ts]): pass",
-    # FunctionDef with kwargs
-    "def f(**kwargs): pass",
-    # FunctionDef with all kind of args and docstring
-    "def f(a, b=1, c=None, d=[], e={}, *args, f=42, **kwargs): 'doc for f()'",
-    # FunctionDef with type annotation on return involving unpacking
-    "def f() -> tuple[*Ts]: pass",
-    "def f() -> tuple[int, *Ts]: pass",
-    "def f() -> tuple[int, *tuple[int, ...]]: pass",
-    # ClassDef
-    "class C:pass",
-    # ClassDef with docstring
-    "class C: 'docstring for class C'",
-    # ClassDef, new style class
-    "class C(object): pass",
-    # Return
-    "def f():return 1",
-    # Delete
-    "del v",
-    # Assign
-    "v = 1",
-    "a,b = c",
-    "(a,b) = c",
-    "[a,b] = c",
-    # AnnAssign with unpacked types
-    "x: tuple[*Ts]",
-    "x: tuple[int, *Ts]",
-    "x: tuple[int, *tuple[str, ...]]",
-    # AugAssign
-    "v += 1",
-    # For
-    "for v in v:pass",
-    # While
-    "while v:pass",
-    # If
-    "if v:pass",
-    # If-Elif
-    "if a:\n  pass\nelif b:\n  pass",
-    # If-Elif-Else
-    "if a:\n  pass\nelif b:\n  pass\nelse:\n  pass",
-    # With
-    "with x as y: pass",
-    "with x as y, z as q: pass",
-    "with (x as y): pass",
-    "with (x, y): pass",
-    # Raise
-    "raise Exception('string')",
-    # TryExcept
-    "try:\n  pass\nexcept Exception:\n  pass",
-    # TryFinally
-    "try:\n  pass\nfinally:\n  pass",
-    # TryStarExcept
-    "try:\n  pass\nexcept* Exception:\n  pass",
-    # Assert
-    "assert v",
-    # Import
-    "import sys",
-    # ImportFrom
-    "from sys import v",
-    # Global
-    "global v",
-    # Expr
-    "1",
-    # Pass,
-    "pass",
-    # Break
-    "for v in v:break",
-    # Continue
-    "for v in v:continue",
-    # for statements with naked tuples (see http://bugs.python.org/issue6704)
-    "for a,b in c: pass",
-    "for (a,b) in c: pass",
-    "for [a,b] in c: pass",
-    # Multiline generator expression (test for .lineno & .col_offset)
-    """(
-    (
-    Aa
-    ,
-       Bb
-    )
-    for
-    Aa
-    ,
-    Bb in Cc
-    )""",
-    # dictcomp
-    "{a : b for w in x for m in p if g}",
-    # dictcomp with naked tuple
-    "{a : b for v,w in x}",
-    # setcomp
-    "{r for l in x if g}",
-    # setcomp with naked tuple
-    "{r for l,m in x}",
-    # AsyncFunctionDef
-    "async def f():\n 'async function'\n await something()",
-    # AsyncFor
-    "async def f():\n async for e in i: 1\n else: 2",
-    # AsyncWith
-    "async def f():\n async with a as b: 1",
-    # PEP 448: Additional Unpacking Generalizations
-    "{**{1:2}, 2:3}",
-    "{*{1, 2}, 3}",
-    # Asynchronous comprehensions
-    "async def f():\n [i async for b in c]",
-    # Decorated FunctionDef
-    "@deco1\n@deco2()\n@deco3(1)\ndef f(): pass",
-    # Decorated AsyncFunctionDef
-    "@deco1\n@deco2()\n@deco3(1)\nasync def f(): pass",
-    # Decorated ClassDef
-    "@deco1\n@deco2()\n@deco3(1)\nclass C: pass",
-    # Decorator with generator argument
-    "@deco(a for a in b)\ndef f(): pass",
-    # Decorator with attribute
-    "@a.b.c\ndef f(): pass",
-    # Simple assignment expression
-    "(a := 1)",
-    # Positional-only arguments
-    "def f(a, /,): pass",
-    "def f(a, /, c, d, e): pass",
-    "def f(a, /, c, *, d, e): pass",
-    "def f(a, /, c, *, d, e, **kwargs): pass",
-    # Positional-only arguments with defaults
-    "def f(a=1, /,): pass",
-    "def f(a=1, /, b=2, c=4): pass",
-    "def f(a=1, /, b=2, *, c=4): pass",
-    "def f(a=1, /, b=2, *, c): pass",
-    "def f(a=1, /, b=2, *, c=4, **kwargs): pass",
-    "def f(a=1, /, b=2, *, c, **kwargs): pass",
-    # Type aliases
-    "type X = int",
-    "type X[T] = int",
-    "type X[T, *Ts, **P] = (T, Ts, P)",
-    "type X[T: int, *Ts, **P] = (T, Ts, P)",
-    "type X[T: (int, str), *Ts, **P] = (T, Ts, P)",
-    "type X[T: int = 1, *Ts = 2, **P =3] = (T, Ts, P)",
-    # Generic classes
-    "class X[T]: pass",
-    "class X[T, *Ts, **P]: pass",
-    "class X[T: int, *Ts, **P]: pass",
-    "class X[T: (int, str), *Ts, **P]: pass",
-    "class X[T: int = 1, *Ts = 2, **P = 3]: pass",
-    # Generic functions
-    "def f[T](): pass",
-    "def f[T, *Ts, **P](): pass",
-    "def f[T: int, *Ts, **P](): pass",
-    "def f[T: (int, str), *Ts, **P](): pass",
-    "def f[T: int = 1, *Ts = 2, **P = 3](): pass",
-]
-
-# These are compiled through "single"
-# because of overlap with "eval", it just tests what
-# can't be tested with "eval"
-single_tests = [
-    "1+2"
-]
-
-# These are compiled through "eval"
-# It should test all expressions
-eval_tests = [
-  # Constant(value=None)
-  "None",
-  # BoolOp
-  "a and b",
-  # BinOp
-  "a + b",
-  # UnaryOp
-  "not v",
-  # Lambda
-  "lambda:None",
-  # Dict
-  "{ 1:2 }",
-  # Empty dict
-  "{}",
-  # Set
-  "{None,}",
-  # Multiline dict (test for .lineno & .col_offset)
-  """{
-      1
-        :
-          2
-     }""",
-  # ListComp
-  "[a for b in c if d]",
-  # GeneratorExp
-  "(a for b in c if d)",
-  # Comprehensions with multiple for targets
-  "[(a,b) for a,b in c]",
-  "[(a,b) for (a,b) in c]",
-  "[(a,b) for [a,b] in c]",
-  "{(a,b) for a,b in c}",
-  "{(a,b) for (a,b) in c}",
-  "{(a,b) for [a,b] in c}",
-  "((a,b) for a,b in c)",
-  "((a,b) for (a,b) in c)",
-  "((a,b) for [a,b] in c)",
-  # Yield - yield expressions can't work outside a function
-  #
-  # Compare
-  "1 < 2 < 3",
-  # Call
-  "f(1,2,c=3,*d,**e)",
-  # Call with multi-character starred
-  "f(*[0, 1])",
-  # Call with a generator argument
-  "f(a for a in b)",
-  # Constant(value=int())
-  "10",
-  # Constant(value=str())
-  "'string'",
-  # Attribute
-  "a.b",
-  # Subscript
-  "a[b:c]",
-  # Name
-  "v",
-  # List
-  "[1,2,3]",
-  # Empty list
-  "[]",
-  # Tuple
-  "1,2,3",
-  # Tuple
-  "(1,2,3)",
-  # Empty tuple
-  "()",
-  # Combination
-  "a.b.c.d(a.b[1:2])",
-]
-
-# TODO: expr_context, slice, boolop, operator, unaryop, cmpop, comprehension
-# excepthandler, arguments, keywords, alias
+AST_REPR_DATA_FILE = Path(__file__).parent / "data" / "ast_repr.txt"
+
+def ast_repr_get_test_cases() -> list[str]:
+    return exec_tests + eval_tests
+
+
+def ast_repr_update_snapshots() -> None:
+    data = [repr(ast.parse(test)) for test in ast_repr_get_test_cases()]
+    AST_REPR_DATA_FILE.write_text("\n".join(data))
+
 
 class AST_Tests(unittest.TestCase):
     maxDiff = None
@@ -666,21 +414,12 @@ def test_no_fields(self):
         x = ast.Sub()
         self.assertEqual(x._fields, ())
 
-    def test_pickling(self):
-        import pickle
-
-        for protocol in range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
-            for ast in (compile(i, "?", "exec", 0x400) for i in exec_tests):
-                with self.subTest(ast=ast, protocol=protocol):
-                    ast2 = pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(ast, protocol))
-                    self.assertEqual(to_tuple(ast2), to_tuple(ast))
-
     def test_invalid_sum(self):
         pos = dict(lineno=2, col_offset=3)
         m = ast.Module([ast.Expr(ast.expr(**pos), **pos)], [])
         with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as cm:
             compile(m, "<test>", "exec")
-        self.assertIn("but got <ast.expr", str(cm.exception))
+        self.assertIn("but got expr()", str(cm.exception))
 
     def test_invalid_identifier(self):
         m = ast.Module([ast.Expr(ast.Name(42, ast.Load()))], [])
@@ -847,6 +586,15 @@ def test_compare_fieldless(self):
         self.assertTrue(ast.compare(ast.Add(), ast.Add()))
         self.assertFalse(ast.compare(ast.Sub(), ast.Add()))
 
+        # test that missing runtime fields is handled in ast.compare()
+        a1, a2 = ast.Name('a'), ast.Name('a')
+        self.assertTrue(ast.compare(a1, a2))
+        self.assertTrue(ast.compare(a1, a2))
+        del a1.id
+        self.assertFalse(ast.compare(a1, a2))
+        del a2.id
+        self.assertTrue(ast.compare(a1, a2))
+
     def test_compare_modes(self):
         for mode, sources in (
             ("exec", exec_tests),
@@ -869,6 +617,16 @@ def parse(a, b):
         self.assertTrue(ast.compare(a, b, compare_attributes=False))
         self.assertFalse(ast.compare(a, b, compare_attributes=True))
 
+    def test_compare_attributes_option_missing_attribute(self):
+        # test that missing runtime attributes is handled in ast.compare()
+        a1, a2 = ast.Name('a', lineno=1), ast.Name('a', lineno=1)
+        self.assertTrue(ast.compare(a1, a2))
+        self.assertTrue(ast.compare(a1, a2, compare_attributes=True))
+        del a1.lineno
+        self.assertFalse(ast.compare(a1, a2, compare_attributes=True))
+        del a2.lineno
+        self.assertTrue(ast.compare(a1, a2, compare_attributes=True))
+
     def test_positional_only_feature_version(self):
         ast.parse('def foo(x, /): ...', feature_version=(3, 8))
         ast.parse('def bar(x=1, /): ...', feature_version=(3, 8))
@@ -1025,6 +783,356 @@ def test_none_checks(self) -> None:
         for node, attr, source in tests:
             self.assert_none_check(node, attr, source)
 
+    def test_repr(self) -> None:
+        snapshots = AST_REPR_DATA_FILE.read_text().split("\n")
+        for test, snapshot in zip(ast_repr_get_test_cases(), snapshots, strict=True):
+            with self.subTest(test_input=test):
+                self.assertEqual(repr(ast.parse(test)), snapshot)
+
+    def test_repr_large_input_crash(self):
+        # gh-125010: Fix use-after-free in ast repr()
+        source = "0x0" + "e" * 10_000
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError,
+                                    r"Exceeds the limit \(\d+ digits\)"):
+            repr(ast.Constant(value=eval(source)))
+
+
+class CopyTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Test copying and pickling AST nodes."""
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def iter_ast_classes():
+        """Iterate over the (native) subclasses of ast.AST recursively.
+
+        This excludes the special class ast.Index since its constructor
+        returns an integer.
+        """
+        def do(cls):
+            if cls.__module__ != 'ast':
+                return
+            if cls is ast.Index:
+                return
+
+            yield cls
+            for sub in cls.__subclasses__():
+                yield from do(sub)
+
+        yield from do(ast.AST)
+
+    def test_pickling(self):
+        import pickle
+
+        for protocol in range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
+            for code in exec_tests:
+                with self.subTest(code=code, protocol=protocol):
+                    tree = compile(code, "?", "exec", 0x400)
+                    ast2 = pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(tree, protocol))
+                    self.assertEqual(to_tuple(ast2), to_tuple(tree))
+
+    def test_copy_with_parents(self):
+        # gh-120108
+        code = """
+        ('',)
+        while i < n:
+            if ch == '':
+                ch = format[i]
+                if ch == '':
+                    if freplace is None:
+                        '' % getattr(object)
+                elif ch == '':
+                    if zreplace is None:
+                        if hasattr:
+                            offset = object.utcoffset()
+                            if offset is not None:
+                                if offset.days < 0:
+                                    offset = -offset
+                                h = divmod(timedelta(hours=0))
+                                if u:
+                                    zreplace = '' % (sign,)
+                                elif s:
+                                    zreplace = '' % (sign,)
+                                else:
+                                    zreplace = '' % (sign,)
+                elif ch == '':
+                    if Zreplace is None:
+                        Zreplace = ''
+                        if hasattr(object):
+                            s = object.tzname()
+                            if s is not None:
+                                Zreplace = s.replace('')
+                    newformat.append(Zreplace)
+                else:
+                    push('')
+            else:
+                push(ch)
+
+        """
+        tree = ast.parse(textwrap.dedent(code))
+        for node in ast.walk(tree):
+            for child in ast.iter_child_nodes(node):
+                child.parent = node
+        try:
+            with support.infinite_recursion(200):
+                tree2 = copy.deepcopy(tree)
+        finally:
+            # Singletons like ast.Load() are shared; make sure we don't
+            # leave them mutated after this test.
+            for node in ast.walk(tree):
+                if hasattr(node, "parent"):
+                    del node.parent
+
+        for node in ast.walk(tree2):
+            for child in ast.iter_child_nodes(node):
+                if hasattr(child, "parent") and not isinstance(child, (
+                    ast.expr_context, ast.boolop, ast.unaryop, ast.cmpop, ast.operator,
+                )):
+                    self.assertEqual(to_tuple(child.parent), to_tuple(node))
+
+    def test_replace_interface(self):
+        for klass in self.iter_ast_classes():
+            with self.subTest(klass=klass):
+                self.assertTrue(hasattr(klass, '__replace__'))
+
+            fields = set(klass._fields)
+            with self.subTest(klass=klass, fields=fields):
+                node = klass(**dict.fromkeys(fields))
+                # forbid positional arguments in replace()
+                self.assertRaises(TypeError, copy.replace, node, 1)
+                self.assertRaises(TypeError, node.__replace__, 1)
+
+    def test_replace_native(self):
+        for klass in self.iter_ast_classes():
+            fields = set(klass._fields)
+            attributes = set(klass._attributes)
+
+            with self.subTest(klass=klass, fields=fields, attributes=attributes):
+                # use of object() to ensure that '==' and 'is'
+                # behave similarly in ast.compare(node, repl)
+                old_fields = {field: object() for field in fields}
+                old_attrs = {attr: object() for attr in attributes}
+
+                # check shallow copy
+                node = klass(**old_fields)
+                repl = copy.replace(node)
+                self.assertTrue(ast.compare(node, repl, compare_attributes=True))
+                # check when passing using attributes (they may be optional!)
+                node = klass(**old_fields, **old_attrs)
+                repl = copy.replace(node)
+                self.assertTrue(ast.compare(node, repl, compare_attributes=True))
+
+                for field in fields:
+                    # check when we sometimes have attributes and sometimes not
+                    for init_attrs in [{}, old_attrs]:
+                        node = klass(**old_fields, **init_attrs)
+                        # only change a single field (do not change attributes)
+                        new_value = object()
+                        repl = copy.replace(node, **{field: new_value})
+                        for f in fields:
+                            old_value = old_fields[f]
+                            # assert that there is no side-effect
+                            self.assertIs(getattr(node, f), old_value)
+                            # check the changes
+                            if f != field:
+                                self.assertIs(getattr(repl, f), old_value)
+                            else:
+                                self.assertIs(getattr(repl, f), new_value)
+                        self.assertFalse(ast.compare(node, repl, compare_attributes=True))
+
+                for attribute in attributes:
+                    node = klass(**old_fields, **old_attrs)
+                    # only change a single attribute (do not change fields)
+                    new_attr = object()
+                    repl = copy.replace(node, **{attribute: new_attr})
+                    for a in attributes:
+                        old_attr = old_attrs[a]
+                        # assert that there is no side-effect
+                        self.assertIs(getattr(node, a), old_attr)
+                        # check the changes
+                        if a != attribute:
+                            self.assertIs(getattr(repl, a), old_attr)
+                        else:
+                            self.assertIs(getattr(repl, a), new_attr)
+                    self.assertFalse(ast.compare(node, repl, compare_attributes=True))
+
+    def test_replace_accept_known_class_fields(self):
+        nid, ctx = object(), object()
+
+        node = ast.Name(id=nid, ctx=ctx)
+        self.assertIs(node.id, nid)
+        self.assertIs(node.ctx, ctx)
+
+        new_nid = object()
+        repl = copy.replace(node, id=new_nid)
+        # assert that there is no side-effect
+        self.assertIs(node.id, nid)
+        self.assertIs(node.ctx, ctx)
+        # check the changes
+        self.assertIs(repl.id, new_nid)
+        self.assertIs(repl.ctx, node.ctx)  # no changes
+
+    def test_replace_accept_known_class_attributes(self):
+        node = ast.parse('x').body[0].value
+        self.assertEqual(node.id, 'x')
+        self.assertEqual(node.lineno, 1)
+
+        # constructor allows any type so replace() should do the same
+        lineno = object()
+        repl = copy.replace(node, lineno=lineno)
+        # assert that there is no side-effect
+        self.assertEqual(node.lineno, 1)
+        # check the changes
+        self.assertEqual(repl.id, node.id)
+        self.assertEqual(repl.ctx, node.ctx)
+        self.assertEqual(repl.lineno, lineno)
+
+        _, _, state = node.__reduce__()
+        self.assertEqual(state['id'], 'x')
+        self.assertEqual(state['ctx'], node.ctx)
+        self.assertEqual(state['lineno'], 1)
+
+        _, _, state = repl.__reduce__()
+        self.assertEqual(state['id'], 'x')
+        self.assertEqual(state['ctx'], node.ctx)
+        self.assertEqual(state['lineno'], lineno)
+
+    def test_replace_accept_known_custom_class_fields(self):
+        class MyNode(ast.AST):
+            _fields = ('name', 'data')
+            __annotations__ = {'name': str, 'data': object}
+            __match_args__ = ('name', 'data')
+
+        name, data = 'name', object()
+
+        node = MyNode(name, data)
+        self.assertIs(node.name, name)
+        self.assertIs(node.data, data)
+        # check shallow copy
+        repl = copy.replace(node)
+        # assert that there is no side-effect
+        self.assertIs(node.name, name)
+        self.assertIs(node.data, data)
+        # check the shallow copy
+        self.assertIs(repl.name, name)
+        self.assertIs(repl.data, data)
+
+        node = MyNode(name, data)
+        repl_data = object()
+        # replace custom but known field
+        repl = copy.replace(node, data=repl_data)
+        # assert that there is no side-effect
+        self.assertIs(node.name, name)
+        self.assertIs(node.data, data)
+        # check the changes
+        self.assertIs(repl.name, node.name)
+        self.assertIs(repl.data, repl_data)
+
+    def test_replace_accept_known_custom_class_attributes(self):
+        class MyNode(ast.AST):
+            x = 0
+            y = 1
+            _attributes = ('x', 'y')
+
+        node = MyNode()
+        self.assertEqual(node.x, 0)
+        self.assertEqual(node.y, 1)
+
+        y = object()
+        repl = copy.replace(node, y=y)
+        # assert that there is no side-effect
+        self.assertEqual(node.x, 0)
+        self.assertEqual(node.y, 1)
+        # check the changes
+        self.assertEqual(repl.x, 0)
+        self.assertEqual(repl.y, y)
+
+    def test_replace_ignore_known_custom_instance_fields(self):
+        node = ast.parse('x').body[0].value
+        node.extra = extra = object()  # add instance 'extra' field
+        context = node.ctx
+
+        # assert initial values
+        self.assertIs(node.id, 'x')
+        self.assertIs(node.ctx, context)
+        self.assertIs(node.extra, extra)
+        # shallow copy, but drops extra fields
+        repl = copy.replace(node)
+        # assert that there is no side-effect
+        self.assertIs(node.id, 'x')
+        self.assertIs(node.ctx, context)
+        self.assertIs(node.extra, extra)
+        # verify that the 'extra' field is not kept
+        self.assertIs(repl.id, 'x')
+        self.assertIs(repl.ctx, context)
+        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, getattr, repl, 'extra')
+
+        # change known native field
+        repl = copy.replace(node, id='y')
+        # assert that there is no side-effect
+        self.assertIs(node.id, 'x')
+        self.assertIs(node.ctx, context)
+        self.assertIs(node.extra, extra)
+        # verify that the 'extra' field is not kept
+        self.assertIs(repl.id, 'y')
+        self.assertIs(repl.ctx, context)
+        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, getattr, repl, 'extra')
+
+    def test_replace_reject_missing_field(self):
+        # case: warn if deleted field is not replaced
+        node = ast.parse('x').body[0].value
+        context = node.ctx
+        del node.id
+
+        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, getattr, node, 'id')
+        self.assertIs(node.ctx, context)
+        msg = "Name.__replace__ missing 1 keyword argument: 'id'."
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, re.escape(msg)):
+            copy.replace(node)
+        # assert that there is no side-effect
+        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, getattr, node, 'id')
+        self.assertIs(node.ctx, context)
+
+        # case: do not raise if deleted field is replaced
+        node = ast.parse('x').body[0].value
+        context = node.ctx
+        del node.id
+
+        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, getattr, node, 'id')
+        self.assertIs(node.ctx, context)
+        repl = copy.replace(node, id='y')
+        # assert that there is no side-effect
+        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, getattr, node, 'id')
+        self.assertIs(node.ctx, context)
+        self.assertIs(repl.id, 'y')
+        self.assertIs(repl.ctx, context)
+
+    def test_replace_reject_known_custom_instance_fields_commits(self):
+        node = ast.parse('x').body[0].value
+        node.extra = extra = object()  # add instance 'extra' field
+        context = node.ctx
+
+        # explicit rejection of known instance fields
+        self.assertTrue(hasattr(node, 'extra'))
+        msg = "Name.__replace__ got an unexpected keyword argument 'extra'."
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, re.escape(msg)):
+            copy.replace(node, extra=1)
+        # assert that there is no side-effect
+        self.assertIs(node.id, 'x')
+        self.assertIs(node.ctx, context)
+        self.assertIs(node.extra, extra)
+
+    def test_replace_reject_unknown_instance_fields(self):
+        node = ast.parse('x').body[0].value
+        context = node.ctx
+
+        # explicit rejection of unknown extra fields
+        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, getattr, node, 'unknown')
+        msg = "Name.__replace__ got an unexpected keyword argument 'unknown'."
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, re.escape(msg)):
+            copy.replace(node, unknown=1)
+        # assert that there is no side-effect
+        self.assertIs(node.id, 'x')
+        self.assertIs(node.ctx, context)
+        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, getattr, node, 'unknown')
 
 class ASTHelpers_Test(unittest.TestCase):
     maxDiff = None
@@ -1364,6 +1472,12 @@ def test_get_docstring(self):
         node = ast.parse('async def foo():\n  """spam\n  ham"""')
         self.assertEqual(ast.get_docstring(node.body[0]), 'spam\nham')
 
+        node = ast.parse('async def foo():\n  """spam\n  ham"""')
+        self.assertEqual(ast.get_docstring(node.body[0], clean=False), 'spam\n  ham')
+
+        node = ast.parse('x')
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, ast.get_docstring, node.body[0])
+
     def test_get_docstring_none(self):
         self.assertIsNone(ast.get_docstring(ast.parse('')))
         node = ast.parse('x = "not docstring"')
@@ -1388,6 +1502,9 @@ def test_get_docstring_none(self):
         node = ast.parse('async def foo():\n  x = "not docstring"')
         self.assertIsNone(ast.get_docstring(node.body[0]))
 
+        node = ast.parse('async def foo():\n  42')
+        self.assertIsNone(ast.get_docstring(node.body[0]))
+
     def test_multi_line_docstring_col_offset_and_lineno_issue16806(self):
         node = ast.parse(
             '"""line one\nline two"""\n\n'
@@ -2142,7 +2259,7 @@ def test_validation(self):
                          "got an invalid type in Constant: list")
 
     def test_singletons(self):
-        for const in (None, False, True, Ellipsis, b'', frozenset()):
+        for const in (None, False, True, Ellipsis, b''):
             with self.subTest(const=const):
                 value = self.compile_constant(const)
                 self.assertIs(value, const)
@@ -2608,13 +2725,13 @@ def test_source_segment_missing_info(self):
 
 
 class NodeTransformerTests(ASTTestMixin, unittest.TestCase):
-    def assertASTTransformation(self, tranformer_class,
+    def assertASTTransformation(self, transformer_class,
                                 initial_code, expected_code):
         initial_ast = ast.parse(dedent(initial_code))
         expected_ast = ast.parse(dedent(expected_code))
 
-        tranformer = tranformer_class()
-        result_ast = ast.fix_missing_locations(tranformer.visit(initial_ast))
+        transformer = transformer_class()
+        result_ast = ast.fix_missing_locations(transformer.visit(initial_ast))
 
         self.assertASTEqual(result_ast, expected_ast)
 
@@ -2785,6 +2902,18 @@ class FieldsAndTypes(ast.AST):
         obj = FieldsAndTypes(a=1)
         self.assertEqual(obj.a, 1)
 
+    def test_custom_attributes(self):
+        class MyAttrs(ast.AST):
+            _attributes = ("a", "b")
+
+        obj = MyAttrs(a=1, b=2)
+        self.assertEqual(obj.a, 1)
+        self.assertEqual(obj.b, 2)
+
+        with self.assertWarnsRegex(DeprecationWarning,
+                                   r"MyAttrs.__init__ got an unexpected keyword argument 'c'."):
+            obj = MyAttrs(c=3)
+
     def test_fields_and_types_no_default(self):
         class FieldsAndTypesNoDefault(ast.AST):
             _fields = ('a',)
@@ -2932,157 +3061,303 @@ def test_cli_file_input(self):
         self.assertEqual(res.rc, 0)
 
 
-def main():
-    if __name__ != '__main__':
-        return
-    if sys.argv[1:] == ['-g']:
-        for statements, kind in ((exec_tests, "exec"), (single_tests, "single"),
-                                 (eval_tests, "eval")):
-            print(kind+"_results = [")
-            for statement in statements:
-                tree = ast.parse(statement, "?", kind)
-                print("%r," % (to_tuple(tree),))
-            print("]")
-        print("main()")
-        raise SystemExit
-    unittest.main()
+class ASTOptimiziationTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    binop = {
+        "+": ast.Add(),
+        "-": ast.Sub(),
+        "*": ast.Mult(),
+        "/": ast.Div(),
+        "%": ast.Mod(),
+        "<<": ast.LShift(),
+        ">>": ast.RShift(),
+        "|": ast.BitOr(),
+        "^": ast.BitXor(),
+        "&": ast.BitAnd(),
+        "//": ast.FloorDiv(),
+        "**": ast.Pow(),
+    }
+
+    unaryop = {
+        "~": ast.Invert(),
+        "+": ast.UAdd(),
+        "-": ast.USub(),
+    }
+
+    def wrap_expr(self, expr):
+        return ast.Module(body=[ast.Expr(value=expr)])
+
+    def wrap_statement(self, statement):
+        return ast.Module(body=[statement])
+
+    def assert_ast(self, code, non_optimized_target, optimized_target):
+        non_optimized_tree = ast.parse(code, optimize=-1)
+        optimized_tree = ast.parse(code, optimize=1)
+
+        # Is a non-optimized tree equal to a non-optimized target?
+        self.assertTrue(
+            ast.compare(non_optimized_tree, non_optimized_target),
+            f"{ast.dump(non_optimized_target)} must equal "
+            f"{ast.dump(non_optimized_tree)}",
+        )
+
+        # Is a optimized tree equal to a non-optimized target?
+        self.assertFalse(
+            ast.compare(optimized_tree, non_optimized_target),
+            f"{ast.dump(non_optimized_target)} must not equal "
+            f"{ast.dump(non_optimized_tree)}"
+        )
+
+        # Is a optimized tree is equal to an optimized target?
+        self.assertTrue(
+            ast.compare(optimized_tree,  optimized_target),
+            f"{ast.dump(optimized_target)} must equal "
+            f"{ast.dump(optimized_tree)}",
+        )
+
+    def create_binop(self, operand, left=ast.Constant(1), right=ast.Constant(1)):
+            return ast.BinOp(left=left, op=self.binop[operand], right=right)
+
+    def test_folding_binop(self):
+        code = "1 %s 1"
+        operators = self.binop.keys()
+
+        for op in operators:
+            result_code = code % op
+            non_optimized_target = self.wrap_expr(self.create_binop(op))
+            optimized_target = self.wrap_expr(ast.Constant(value=eval(result_code)))
+
+            with self.subTest(
+                result_code=result_code,
+                non_optimized_target=non_optimized_target,
+                optimized_target=optimized_target
+            ):
+                self.assert_ast(result_code, non_optimized_target, optimized_target)
 
-#### EVERYTHING BELOW IS GENERATED BY python Lib/test/test_ast.py -g  #####
-exec_results = [
-('Module', [('Expr', (1, 0, 1, 4), ('Constant', (1, 0, 1, 4), None, None))], []),
-('Module', [('Expr', (1, 0, 1, 18), ('Constant', (1, 0, 1, 18), 'module docstring', None))], []),
-('Module', [('FunctionDef', (1, 0, 1, 13), 'f', ('arguments', [], [], None, [], [], None, []), [('Pass', (1, 9, 1, 13))], [], None, None, [])], []),
-('Module', [('FunctionDef', (1, 0, 1, 29), 'f', ('arguments', [], [], None, [], [], None, []), [('Expr', (1, 9, 1, 29), ('Constant', (1, 9, 1, 29), 'function docstring', None))], [], None, None, [])], []),
-('Module', [('FunctionDef', (1, 0, 1, 14), 'f', ('arguments', [], [('arg', (1, 6, 1, 7), 'a', None, None)], None, [], [], None, []), [('Pass', (1, 10, 1, 14))], [], None, None, [])], []),
-('Module', [('FunctionDef', (1, 0, 1, 16), 'f', ('arguments', [], [('arg', (1, 6, 1, 7), 'a', None, None)], None, [], [], None, [('Constant', (1, 8, 1, 9), 0, None)]), [('Pass', (1, 12, 1, 16))], [], None, None, [])], []),
-('Module', [('FunctionDef', (1, 0, 1, 18), 'f', ('arguments', [], [], ('arg', (1, 7, 1, 11), 'args', None, None), [], [], None, []), [('Pass', (1, 14, 1, 18))], [], None, None, [])], []),
-('Module', [('FunctionDef', (1, 0, 1, 23), 'f', ('arguments', [], [], ('arg', (1, 7, 1, 16), 'args', ('Starred', (1, 13, 1, 16), ('Name', (1, 14, 1, 16), 'Ts', ('Load',)), ('Load',)), None), [], [], None, []), [('Pass', (1, 19, 1, 23))], [], None, None, [])], []),
-('Module', [('FunctionDef', (1, 0, 1, 36), 'f', ('arguments', [], [], ('arg', (1, 7, 1, 29), 'args', ('Starred', (1, 13, 1, 29), ('Subscript', (1, 14, 1, 29), ('Name', (1, 14, 1, 19), 'tuple', ('Load',)), ('Tuple', (1, 20, 1, 28), [('Name', (1, 20, 1, 23), 'int', ('Load',)), ('Constant', (1, 25, 1, 28), Ellipsis, None)], ('Load',)), ('Load',)), ('Load',)), None), [], [], None, []), [('Pass', (1, 32, 1, 36))], [], None, None, [])], []),
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-('Module', [('TypeAlias', (1, 0, 1, 15), ('Name', (1, 5, 1, 6), 'X', ('Store',)), [('TypeVar', (1, 7, 1, 8), 'T', None, None)], ('Name', (1, 12, 1, 15), 'int', ('Load',)))], []),
-('Module', [('TypeAlias', (1, 0, 1, 32), ('Name', (1, 5, 1, 6), 'X', ('Store',)), [('TypeVar', (1, 7, 1, 8), 'T', None, None), ('TypeVarTuple', (1, 10, 1, 13), 'Ts', None), ('ParamSpec', (1, 15, 1, 18), 'P', None)], ('Tuple', (1, 22, 1, 32), [('Name', (1, 23, 1, 24), 'T', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 26, 1, 28), 'Ts', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 30, 1, 31), 'P', ('Load',))], ('Load',)))], []),
-('Module', [('TypeAlias', (1, 0, 1, 37), ('Name', (1, 5, 1, 6), 'X', ('Store',)), [('TypeVar', (1, 7, 1, 13), 'T', ('Name', (1, 10, 1, 13), 'int', ('Load',)), None), ('TypeVarTuple', (1, 15, 1, 18), 'Ts', None), ('ParamSpec', (1, 20, 1, 23), 'P', None)], ('Tuple', (1, 27, 1, 37), [('Name', (1, 28, 1, 29), 'T', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 31, 1, 33), 'Ts', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 35, 1, 36), 'P', ('Load',))], ('Load',)))], []),
-('Module', [('TypeAlias', (1, 0, 1, 44), ('Name', (1, 5, 1, 6), 'X', ('Store',)), [('TypeVar', (1, 7, 1, 20), 'T', ('Tuple', (1, 10, 1, 20), [('Name', (1, 11, 1, 14), 'int', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 16, 1, 19), 'str', ('Load',))], ('Load',)), None), ('TypeVarTuple', (1, 22, 1, 25), 'Ts', None), ('ParamSpec', (1, 27, 1, 30), 'P', None)], ('Tuple', (1, 34, 1, 44), [('Name', (1, 35, 1, 36), 'T', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 38, 1, 40), 'Ts', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 42, 1, 43), 'P', ('Load',))], ('Load',)))], []),
-('Module', [('TypeAlias', (1, 0, 1, 48), ('Name', (1, 5, 1, 6), 'X', ('Store',)), [('TypeVar', (1, 7, 1, 17), 'T', ('Name', (1, 10, 1, 13), 'int', ('Load',)), ('Constant', (1, 16, 1, 17), 1, None)), ('TypeVarTuple', (1, 19, 1, 26), 'Ts', ('Constant', (1, 25, 1, 26), 2, None)), ('ParamSpec', (1, 28, 1, 34), 'P', ('Constant', (1, 33, 1, 34), 3, None))], ('Tuple', (1, 38, 1, 48), [('Name', (1, 39, 1, 40), 'T', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 42, 1, 44), 'Ts', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 46, 1, 47), 'P', ('Load',))], ('Load',)))], []),
-('Module', [('ClassDef', (1, 0, 1, 16), 'X', [], [], [('Pass', (1, 12, 1, 16))], [], [('TypeVar', (1, 8, 1, 9), 'T', None, None)])], []),
-('Module', [('ClassDef', (1, 0, 1, 26), 'X', [], [], [('Pass', (1, 22, 1, 26))], [], [('TypeVar', (1, 8, 1, 9), 'T', None, None), ('TypeVarTuple', (1, 11, 1, 14), 'Ts', None), ('ParamSpec', (1, 16, 1, 19), 'P', None)])], []),
-('Module', [('ClassDef', (1, 0, 1, 31), 'X', [], [], [('Pass', (1, 27, 1, 31))], [], [('TypeVar', (1, 8, 1, 14), 'T', ('Name', (1, 11, 1, 14), 'int', ('Load',)), None), ('TypeVarTuple', (1, 16, 1, 19), 'Ts', None), ('ParamSpec', (1, 21, 1, 24), 'P', None)])], []),
-('Module', [('ClassDef', (1, 0, 1, 38), 'X', [], [], [('Pass', (1, 34, 1, 38))], [], [('TypeVar', (1, 8, 1, 21), 'T', ('Tuple', (1, 11, 1, 21), [('Name', (1, 12, 1, 15), 'int', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 17, 1, 20), 'str', ('Load',))], ('Load',)), None), ('TypeVarTuple', (1, 23, 1, 26), 'Ts', None), ('ParamSpec', (1, 28, 1, 31), 'P', None)])], []),
-('Module', [('ClassDef', (1, 0, 1, 43), 'X', [], [], [('Pass', (1, 39, 1, 43))], [], [('TypeVar', (1, 8, 1, 18), 'T', ('Name', (1, 11, 1, 14), 'int', ('Load',)), ('Constant', (1, 17, 1, 18), 1, None)), ('TypeVarTuple', (1, 20, 1, 27), 'Ts', ('Constant', (1, 26, 1, 27), 2, None)), ('ParamSpec', (1, 29, 1, 36), 'P', ('Constant', (1, 35, 1, 36), 3, None))])], []),
-('Module', [('FunctionDef', (1, 0, 1, 16), 'f', ('arguments', [], [], None, [], [], None, []), [('Pass', (1, 12, 1, 16))], [], None, None, [('TypeVar', (1, 6, 1, 7), 'T', None, None)])], []),
-('Module', [('FunctionDef', (1, 0, 1, 26), 'f', ('arguments', [], [], None, [], [], None, []), [('Pass', (1, 22, 1, 26))], [], None, None, [('TypeVar', (1, 6, 1, 7), 'T', None, None), ('TypeVarTuple', (1, 9, 1, 12), 'Ts', None), ('ParamSpec', (1, 14, 1, 17), 'P', None)])], []),
-('Module', [('FunctionDef', (1, 0, 1, 31), 'f', ('arguments', [], [], None, [], [], None, []), [('Pass', (1, 27, 1, 31))], [], None, None, [('TypeVar', (1, 6, 1, 12), 'T', ('Name', (1, 9, 1, 12), 'int', ('Load',)), None), ('TypeVarTuple', (1, 14, 1, 17), 'Ts', None), ('ParamSpec', (1, 19, 1, 22), 'P', None)])], []),
-('Module', [('FunctionDef', (1, 0, 1, 38), 'f', ('arguments', [], [], None, [], [], None, []), [('Pass', (1, 34, 1, 38))], [], None, None, [('TypeVar', (1, 6, 1, 19), 'T', ('Tuple', (1, 9, 1, 19), [('Name', (1, 10, 1, 13), 'int', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 15, 1, 18), 'str', ('Load',))], ('Load',)), None), ('TypeVarTuple', (1, 21, 1, 24), 'Ts', None), ('ParamSpec', (1, 26, 1, 29), 'P', None)])], []),
-('Module', [('FunctionDef', (1, 0, 1, 43), 'f', ('arguments', [], [], None, [], [], None, []), [('Pass', (1, 39, 1, 43))], [], None, None, [('TypeVar', (1, 6, 1, 16), 'T', ('Name', (1, 9, 1, 12), 'int', ('Load',)), ('Constant', (1, 15, 1, 16), 1, None)), ('TypeVarTuple', (1, 18, 1, 25), 'Ts', ('Constant', (1, 24, 1, 25), 2, None)), ('ParamSpec', (1, 27, 1, 34), 'P', ('Constant', (1, 33, 1, 34), 3, None))])], []),
-]
-single_results = [
-('Interactive', [('Expr', (1, 0, 1, 3), ('BinOp', (1, 0, 1, 3), ('Constant', (1, 0, 1, 1), 1, None), ('Add',), ('Constant', (1, 2, 1, 3), 2, None)))]),
-]
-eval_results = [
-('Expression', ('Constant', (1, 0, 1, 4), None, None)),
-('Expression', ('BoolOp', (1, 0, 1, 7), ('And',), [('Name', (1, 0, 1, 1), 'a', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 6, 1, 7), 'b', ('Load',))])),
-('Expression', ('BinOp', (1, 0, 1, 5), ('Name', (1, 0, 1, 1), 'a', ('Load',)), ('Add',), ('Name', (1, 4, 1, 5), 'b', ('Load',)))),
-('Expression', ('UnaryOp', (1, 0, 1, 5), ('Not',), ('Name', (1, 4, 1, 5), 'v', ('Load',)))),
-('Expression', ('Lambda', (1, 0, 1, 11), ('arguments', [], [], None, [], [], None, []), ('Constant', (1, 7, 1, 11), None, None))),
-('Expression', ('Dict', (1, 0, 1, 7), [('Constant', (1, 2, 1, 3), 1, None)], [('Constant', (1, 4, 1, 5), 2, None)])),
-('Expression', ('Dict', (1, 0, 1, 2), [], [])),
-('Expression', ('Set', (1, 0, 1, 7), [('Constant', (1, 1, 1, 5), None, None)])),
-('Expression', ('Dict', (1, 0, 5, 6), [('Constant', (2, 6, 2, 7), 1, None)], [('Constant', (4, 10, 4, 11), 2, None)])),
-('Expression', ('ListComp', (1, 0, 1, 19), ('Name', (1, 1, 1, 2), 'a', ('Load',)), [('comprehension', ('Name', (1, 7, 1, 8), 'b', ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 12, 1, 13), 'c', ('Load',)), [('Name', (1, 17, 1, 18), 'd', ('Load',))], 0)])),
-('Expression', ('GeneratorExp', (1, 0, 1, 19), ('Name', (1, 1, 1, 2), 'a', ('Load',)), [('comprehension', ('Name', (1, 7, 1, 8), 'b', ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 12, 1, 13), 'c', ('Load',)), [('Name', (1, 17, 1, 18), 'd', ('Load',))], 0)])),
-('Expression', ('ListComp', (1, 0, 1, 20), ('Tuple', (1, 1, 1, 6), [('Name', (1, 2, 1, 3), 'a', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 4, 1, 5), 'b', ('Load',))], ('Load',)), [('comprehension', ('Tuple', (1, 11, 1, 14), [('Name', (1, 11, 1, 12), 'a', ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 13, 1, 14), 'b', ('Store',))], ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 18, 1, 19), 'c', ('Load',)), [], 0)])),
-('Expression', ('ListComp', (1, 0, 1, 22), ('Tuple', (1, 1, 1, 6), [('Name', (1, 2, 1, 3), 'a', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 4, 1, 5), 'b', ('Load',))], ('Load',)), [('comprehension', ('Tuple', (1, 11, 1, 16), [('Name', (1, 12, 1, 13), 'a', ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 14, 1, 15), 'b', ('Store',))], ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 20, 1, 21), 'c', ('Load',)), [], 0)])),
-('Expression', ('ListComp', (1, 0, 1, 22), ('Tuple', (1, 1, 1, 6), [('Name', (1, 2, 1, 3), 'a', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 4, 1, 5), 'b', ('Load',))], ('Load',)), [('comprehension', ('List', (1, 11, 1, 16), [('Name', (1, 12, 1, 13), 'a', ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 14, 1, 15), 'b', ('Store',))], ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 20, 1, 21), 'c', ('Load',)), [], 0)])),
-('Expression', ('SetComp', (1, 0, 1, 20), ('Tuple', (1, 1, 1, 6), [('Name', (1, 2, 1, 3), 'a', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 4, 1, 5), 'b', ('Load',))], ('Load',)), [('comprehension', ('Tuple', (1, 11, 1, 14), [('Name', (1, 11, 1, 12), 'a', ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 13, 1, 14), 'b', ('Store',))], ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 18, 1, 19), 'c', ('Load',)), [], 0)])),
-('Expression', ('SetComp', (1, 0, 1, 22), ('Tuple', (1, 1, 1, 6), [('Name', (1, 2, 1, 3), 'a', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 4, 1, 5), 'b', ('Load',))], ('Load',)), [('comprehension', ('Tuple', (1, 11, 1, 16), [('Name', (1, 12, 1, 13), 'a', ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 14, 1, 15), 'b', ('Store',))], ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 20, 1, 21), 'c', ('Load',)), [], 0)])),
-('Expression', ('SetComp', (1, 0, 1, 22), ('Tuple', (1, 1, 1, 6), [('Name', (1, 2, 1, 3), 'a', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 4, 1, 5), 'b', ('Load',))], ('Load',)), [('comprehension', ('List', (1, 11, 1, 16), [('Name', (1, 12, 1, 13), 'a', ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 14, 1, 15), 'b', ('Store',))], ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 20, 1, 21), 'c', ('Load',)), [], 0)])),
-('Expression', ('GeneratorExp', (1, 0, 1, 20), ('Tuple', (1, 1, 1, 6), [('Name', (1, 2, 1, 3), 'a', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 4, 1, 5), 'b', ('Load',))], ('Load',)), [('comprehension', ('Tuple', (1, 11, 1, 14), [('Name', (1, 11, 1, 12), 'a', ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 13, 1, 14), 'b', ('Store',))], ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 18, 1, 19), 'c', ('Load',)), [], 0)])),
-('Expression', ('GeneratorExp', (1, 0, 1, 22), ('Tuple', (1, 1, 1, 6), [('Name', (1, 2, 1, 3), 'a', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 4, 1, 5), 'b', ('Load',))], ('Load',)), [('comprehension', ('Tuple', (1, 11, 1, 16), [('Name', (1, 12, 1, 13), 'a', ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 14, 1, 15), 'b', ('Store',))], ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 20, 1, 21), 'c', ('Load',)), [], 0)])),
-('Expression', ('GeneratorExp', (1, 0, 1, 22), ('Tuple', (1, 1, 1, 6), [('Name', (1, 2, 1, 3), 'a', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 4, 1, 5), 'b', ('Load',))], ('Load',)), [('comprehension', ('List', (1, 11, 1, 16), [('Name', (1, 12, 1, 13), 'a', ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 14, 1, 15), 'b', ('Store',))], ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 20, 1, 21), 'c', ('Load',)), [], 0)])),
-('Expression', ('Compare', (1, 0, 1, 9), ('Constant', (1, 0, 1, 1), 1, None), [('Lt',), ('Lt',)], [('Constant', (1, 4, 1, 5), 2, None), ('Constant', (1, 8, 1, 9), 3, None)])),
-('Expression', ('Call', (1, 0, 1, 17), ('Name', (1, 0, 1, 1), 'f', ('Load',)), [('Constant', (1, 2, 1, 3), 1, None), ('Constant', (1, 4, 1, 5), 2, None), ('Starred', (1, 10, 1, 12), ('Name', (1, 11, 1, 12), 'd', ('Load',)), ('Load',))], [('keyword', (1, 6, 1, 9), 'c', ('Constant', (1, 8, 1, 9), 3, None)), ('keyword', (1, 13, 1, 16), None, ('Name', (1, 15, 1, 16), 'e', ('Load',)))])),
-('Expression', ('Call', (1, 0, 1, 10), ('Name', (1, 0, 1, 1), 'f', ('Load',)), [('Starred', (1, 2, 1, 9), ('List', (1, 3, 1, 9), [('Constant', (1, 4, 1, 5), 0, None), ('Constant', (1, 7, 1, 8), 1, None)], ('Load',)), ('Load',))], [])),
-('Expression', ('Call', (1, 0, 1, 15), ('Name', (1, 0, 1, 1), 'f', ('Load',)), [('GeneratorExp', (1, 1, 1, 15), ('Name', (1, 2, 1, 3), 'a', ('Load',)), [('comprehension', ('Name', (1, 8, 1, 9), 'a', ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 13, 1, 14), 'b', ('Load',)), [], 0)])], [])),
-('Expression', ('Constant', (1, 0, 1, 2), 10, None)),
-('Expression', ('Constant', (1, 0, 1, 8), 'string', None)),
-('Expression', ('Attribute', (1, 0, 1, 3), ('Name', (1, 0, 1, 1), 'a', ('Load',)), 'b', ('Load',))),
-('Expression', ('Subscript', (1, 0, 1, 6), ('Name', (1, 0, 1, 1), 'a', ('Load',)), ('Slice', (1, 2, 1, 5), ('Name', (1, 2, 1, 3), 'b', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 4, 1, 5), 'c', ('Load',)), None), ('Load',))),
-('Expression', ('Name', (1, 0, 1, 1), 'v', ('Load',))),
-('Expression', ('List', (1, 0, 1, 7), [('Constant', (1, 1, 1, 2), 1, None), ('Constant', (1, 3, 1, 4), 2, None), ('Constant', (1, 5, 1, 6), 3, None)], ('Load',))),
-('Expression', ('List', (1, 0, 1, 2), [], ('Load',))),
-('Expression', ('Tuple', (1, 0, 1, 5), [('Constant', (1, 0, 1, 1), 1, None), ('Constant', (1, 2, 1, 3), 2, None), ('Constant', (1, 4, 1, 5), 3, None)], ('Load',))),
-('Expression', ('Tuple', (1, 0, 1, 7), [('Constant', (1, 1, 1, 2), 1, None), ('Constant', (1, 3, 1, 4), 2, None), ('Constant', (1, 5, 1, 6), 3, None)], ('Load',))),
-('Expression', ('Tuple', (1, 0, 1, 2), [], ('Load',))),
-('Expression', ('Call', (1, 0, 1, 17), ('Attribute', (1, 0, 1, 7), ('Attribute', (1, 0, 1, 5), ('Attribute', (1, 0, 1, 3), ('Name', (1, 0, 1, 1), 'a', ('Load',)), 'b', ('Load',)), 'c', ('Load',)), 'd', ('Load',)), [('Subscript', (1, 8, 1, 16), ('Attribute', (1, 8, 1, 11), ('Name', (1, 8, 1, 9), 'a', ('Load',)), 'b', ('Load',)), ('Slice', (1, 12, 1, 15), ('Constant', (1, 12, 1, 13), 1, None), ('Constant', (1, 14, 1, 15), 2, None), None), ('Load',))], [])),
-]
-main()
+        # Multiplication of constant tuples must be folded
+        code = "(1,) * 3"
+        non_optimized_target = self.wrap_expr(self.create_binop("*", ast.Tuple(elts=[ast.Constant(value=1)]), ast.Constant(value=3)))
+        optimized_target = self.wrap_expr(ast.Constant(eval(code)))
+
+        self.assert_ast(code, non_optimized_target, optimized_target)
+
+    def test_folding_unaryop(self):
+        code = "%s1"
+        operators = self.unaryop.keys()
+
+        def create_unaryop(operand):
+            return ast.UnaryOp(op=self.unaryop[operand], operand=ast.Constant(1))
+
+        for op in operators:
+            result_code = code % op
+            non_optimized_target = self.wrap_expr(create_unaryop(op))
+            optimized_target = self.wrap_expr(ast.Constant(eval(result_code)))
+
+            with self.subTest(
+                result_code=result_code,
+                non_optimized_target=non_optimized_target,
+                optimized_target=optimized_target
+            ):
+                self.assert_ast(result_code, non_optimized_target, optimized_target)
+
+    def test_folding_not(self):
+        code = "not (1 %s (1,))"
+        operators = {
+            "in": ast.In(),
+            "is": ast.Is(),
+        }
+        opt_operators = {
+            "is": ast.IsNot(),
+            "in": ast.NotIn(),
+        }
+
+        def create_notop(operand):
+            return ast.UnaryOp(op=ast.Not(), operand=ast.Compare(
+                left=ast.Constant(value=1),
+                ops=[operators[operand]],
+                comparators=[ast.Tuple(elts=[ast.Constant(value=1)])]
+            ))
+
+        for op in operators.keys():
+            result_code = code % op
+            non_optimized_target = self.wrap_expr(create_notop(op))
+            optimized_target = self.wrap_expr(
+                ast.Compare(left=ast.Constant(1), ops=[opt_operators[op]], comparators=[ast.Constant(value=(1,))])
+            )
+
+            with self.subTest(
+                result_code=result_code,
+                non_optimized_target=non_optimized_target,
+                optimized_target=optimized_target
+            ):
+                self.assert_ast(result_code, non_optimized_target, optimized_target)
+
+    def test_folding_format(self):
+        code = "'%s' % (a,)"
+
+        non_optimized_target = self.wrap_expr(
+            ast.BinOp(
+                left=ast.Constant(value="%s"),
+                op=ast.Mod(),
+                right=ast.Tuple(elts=[ast.Name(id='a')]))
+        )
+        optimized_target = self.wrap_expr(
+            ast.JoinedStr(
+                values=[
+                    ast.FormattedValue(value=ast.Name(id='a'), conversion=115)
+                ]
+            )
+        )
+
+        self.assert_ast(code, non_optimized_target, optimized_target)
+
+
+    def test_folding_tuple(self):
+        code = "(1,)"
+
+        non_optimized_target = self.wrap_expr(ast.Tuple(elts=[ast.Constant(1)]))
+        optimized_target = self.wrap_expr(ast.Constant(value=(1,)))
+
+        self.assert_ast(code, non_optimized_target, optimized_target)
+
+    def test_folding_comparator(self):
+        code = "1 %s %s1%s"
+        operators = [("in", ast.In()), ("not in", ast.NotIn())]
+        braces = [
+            ("[", "]", ast.List, (1,)),
+            ("{", "}", ast.Set, frozenset({1})),
+        ]
+        for left, right, non_optimized_comparator, optimized_comparator in braces:
+            for op, node in operators:
+                non_optimized_target = self.wrap_expr(ast.Compare(
+                    left=ast.Constant(1), ops=[node],
+                    comparators=[non_optimized_comparator(elts=[ast.Constant(1)])]
+                ))
+                optimized_target = self.wrap_expr(ast.Compare(
+                    left=ast.Constant(1), ops=[node],
+                    comparators=[ast.Constant(value=optimized_comparator)]
+                ))
+                self.assert_ast(code % (op, left, right), non_optimized_target, optimized_target)
+
+    def test_folding_iter(self):
+        code = "for _ in %s1%s: pass"
+        braces = [
+            ("[", "]", ast.List, (1,)),
+            ("{", "}", ast.Set, frozenset({1})),
+        ]
+
+        for left, right, ast_cls, optimized_iter in braces:
+            non_optimized_target = self.wrap_statement(ast.For(
+                target=ast.Name(id="_", ctx=ast.Store()),
+                iter=ast_cls(elts=[ast.Constant(1)]),
+                body=[ast.Pass()]
+            ))
+            optimized_target = self.wrap_statement(ast.For(
+                target=ast.Name(id="_", ctx=ast.Store()),
+                iter=ast.Constant(value=optimized_iter),
+                body=[ast.Pass()]
+            ))
+
+            self.assert_ast(code % (left, right), non_optimized_target, optimized_target)
+
+    def test_folding_subscript(self):
+        code = "(1,)[0]"
+
+        non_optimized_target = self.wrap_expr(
+            ast.Subscript(value=ast.Tuple(elts=[ast.Constant(value=1)]), slice=ast.Constant(value=0))
+        )
+        optimized_target = self.wrap_expr(ast.Constant(value=1))
+
+        self.assert_ast(code, non_optimized_target, optimized_target)
+
+    def test_folding_type_param_in_function_def(self):
+        code = "def foo[%s = 1 + 1](): pass"
+
+        unoptimized_binop = self.create_binop("+")
+        unoptimized_type_params = [
+            ("T", "T", ast.TypeVar),
+            ("**P", "P", ast.ParamSpec),
+            ("*Ts", "Ts", ast.TypeVarTuple),
+        ]
+
+        for type, name, type_param in unoptimized_type_params:
+            result_code = code % type
+            optimized_target = self.wrap_statement(
+                ast.FunctionDef(
+                    name='foo',
+                    args=ast.arguments(),
+                    body=[ast.Pass()],
+                    type_params=[type_param(name=name, default_value=ast.Constant(2))]
+                )
+            )
+            non_optimized_target = self.wrap_statement(
+                ast.FunctionDef(
+                    name='foo',
+                    args=ast.arguments(),
+                    body=[ast.Pass()],
+                    type_params=[type_param(name=name, default_value=unoptimized_binop)]
+                )
+            )
+            self.assert_ast(result_code, non_optimized_target, optimized_target)
+
+    def test_folding_type_param_in_class_def(self):
+        code = "class foo[%s = 1 + 1]: pass"
+
+        unoptimized_binop = self.create_binop("+")
+        unoptimized_type_params = [
+            ("T", "T", ast.TypeVar),
+            ("**P", "P", ast.ParamSpec),
+            ("*Ts", "Ts", ast.TypeVarTuple),
+        ]
+
+        for type, name, type_param in unoptimized_type_params:
+            result_code = code % type
+            optimized_target = self.wrap_statement(
+                ast.ClassDef(
+                    name='foo',
+                    body=[ast.Pass()],
+                    type_params=[type_param(name=name, default_value=ast.Constant(2))]
+                )
+            )
+            non_optimized_target = self.wrap_statement(
+                ast.ClassDef(
+                    name='foo',
+                    body=[ast.Pass()],
+                    type_params=[type_param(name=name, default_value=unoptimized_binop)]
+                )
+            )
+            self.assert_ast(result_code, non_optimized_target, optimized_target)
+
+    def test_folding_type_param_in_type_alias(self):
+        code = "type foo[%s = 1 + 1] = 1"
+
+        unoptimized_binop = self.create_binop("+")
+        unoptimized_type_params = [
+            ("T", "T", ast.TypeVar),
+            ("**P", "P", ast.ParamSpec),
+            ("*Ts", "Ts", ast.TypeVarTuple),
+        ]
+
+        for type, name, type_param in unoptimized_type_params:
+            result_code = code % type
+            optimized_target = self.wrap_statement(
+                ast.TypeAlias(
+                    name=ast.Name(id='foo', ctx=ast.Store()),
+                    type_params=[type_param(name=name, default_value=ast.Constant(2))],
+                    value=ast.Constant(value=1),
+                )
+            )
+            non_optimized_target = self.wrap_statement(
+                ast.TypeAlias(
+                    name=ast.Name(id='foo', ctx=ast.Store()),
+                    type_params=[type_param(name=name, default_value=unoptimized_binop)],
+                    value=ast.Constant(value=1),
+                )
+            )
+            self.assert_ast(result_code, non_optimized_target, optimized_target)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    if len(sys.argv) > 1 and sys.argv[1] == '--snapshot-update':
+        ast_repr_update_snapshots()
+        sys.exit(0)
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_ast/utils.py b/Lib/test/test_ast/utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..145e89ee94e935
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/test_ast/utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+def to_tuple(t):
+    if t is None or isinstance(t, (str, int, complex, float, bytes)) or t is Ellipsis:
+        return t
+    elif isinstance(t, list):
+        return [to_tuple(e) for e in t]
+    result = [t.__class__.__name__]
+    if hasattr(t, 'lineno') and hasattr(t, 'col_offset'):
+        result.append((t.lineno, t.col_offset))
+        if hasattr(t, 'end_lineno') and hasattr(t, 'end_col_offset'):
+            result[-1] += (t.end_lineno, t.end_col_offset)
+    if t._fields is None:
+        return tuple(result)
+    for f in t._fields:
+        result.append(to_tuple(getattr(t, f)))
+    return tuple(result)
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_eager_task_factory.py b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_eager_task_factory.py
index 0f8212dbec47be..31d2a00dbb8c9c 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_eager_task_factory.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_eager_task_factory.py
@@ -213,6 +213,52 @@ async def run():
 
         self.run_coro(run())
 
+    def test_staggered_race_with_eager_tasks(self):
+        # See https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/124309
+
+        async def fail():
+            await asyncio.sleep(0)
+            raise ValueError("no good")
+
+        async def run():
+            winner, index, excs = await asyncio.staggered.staggered_race(
+                [
+                    lambda: asyncio.sleep(2, result="sleep2"),
+                    lambda: asyncio.sleep(1, result="sleep1"),
+                    lambda: fail()
+                ],
+                delay=0.25
+            )
+            self.assertEqual(winner, 'sleep1')
+            self.assertEqual(index, 1)
+            self.assertIsNone(excs[index])
+            self.assertIsInstance(excs[0], asyncio.CancelledError)
+            self.assertIsInstance(excs[2], ValueError)
+
+        self.run_coro(run())
+
+    def test_staggered_race_with_eager_tasks_no_delay(self):
+        # See https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/124309
+        async def fail():
+            raise ValueError("no good")
+
+        async def run():
+            winner, index, excs = await asyncio.staggered.staggered_race(
+                [
+                    lambda: fail(),
+                    lambda: asyncio.sleep(1, result="sleep1"),
+                    lambda: asyncio.sleep(0, result="sleep0"),
+                ],
+                delay=None
+            )
+            self.assertEqual(winner, 'sleep1')
+            self.assertEqual(index, 1)
+            self.assertIsNone(excs[index])
+            self.assertIsInstance(excs[0], ValueError)
+            self.assertEqual(len(excs), 2)
+
+        self.run_coro(run())
+
 
 class PyEagerTaskFactoryLoopTests(EagerTaskFactoryLoopTests, test_utils.TestCase):
     Task = tasks._PyTask
@@ -241,6 +287,18 @@ class DummyLoop:
         _, out, err = assert_python_ok("-c", code)
         self.assertFalse(err)
 
+    def test_issue122332(self):
+       async def coro():
+           pass
+
+       async def run():
+           task = self.loop.create_task(coro())
+           await task
+           self.assertIsNone(task.get_coro())
+
+       self.run_coro(run())
+
+
 class AsyncTaskCounter:
     def __init__(self, loop, *, task_class, eager):
         self.suspense_count = 0
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_events.py b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_events.py
index 88c85a36b5d448..4dcf9f0e4037b6 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_events.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_events.py
@@ -2209,24 +2209,8 @@ def test_remove_fds_after_closing(self):
 else:
     import selectors
 
-    class UnixEventLoopTestsMixin(EventLoopTestsMixin):
-        def setUp(self):
-            super().setUp()
-            with warnings.catch_warnings():
-                warnings.simplefilter('ignore', DeprecationWarning)
-                watcher = asyncio.SafeChildWatcher()
-                watcher.attach_loop(self.loop)
-                asyncio.set_child_watcher(watcher)
-
-        def tearDown(self):
-            with warnings.catch_warnings():
-                warnings.simplefilter('ignore', DeprecationWarning)
-                asyncio.set_child_watcher(None)
-            super().tearDown()
-
-
     if hasattr(selectors, 'KqueueSelector'):
-        class KqueueEventLoopTests(UnixEventLoopTestsMixin,
+        class KqueueEventLoopTests(EventLoopTestsMixin,
                                    SubprocessTestsMixin,
                                    test_utils.TestCase):
 
@@ -2251,7 +2235,7 @@ def test_write_pty(self):
                 super().test_write_pty()
 
     if hasattr(selectors, 'EpollSelector'):
-        class EPollEventLoopTests(UnixEventLoopTestsMixin,
+        class EPollEventLoopTests(EventLoopTestsMixin,
                                   SubprocessTestsMixin,
                                   test_utils.TestCase):
 
@@ -2259,7 +2243,7 @@ def create_event_loop(self):
                 return asyncio.SelectorEventLoop(selectors.EpollSelector())
 
     if hasattr(selectors, 'PollSelector'):
-        class PollEventLoopTests(UnixEventLoopTestsMixin,
+        class PollEventLoopTests(EventLoopTestsMixin,
                                  SubprocessTestsMixin,
                                  test_utils.TestCase):
 
@@ -2267,7 +2251,7 @@ def create_event_loop(self):
                 return asyncio.SelectorEventLoop(selectors.PollSelector())
 
     # Should always exist.
-    class SelectEventLoopTests(UnixEventLoopTestsMixin,
+    class SelectEventLoopTests(EventLoopTestsMixin,
                                SubprocessTestsMixin,
                                test_utils.TestCase):
 
@@ -2364,7 +2348,7 @@ def test_handle_repr(self):
         h = asyncio.Handle(cb, (), self.loop)
 
         cb_regex = r'<function HandleTests.test_handle_repr .*>'
-        cb_regex = fr'functools.partialmethod\({cb_regex}, , \)\(\)'
+        cb_regex = fr'functools.partialmethod\({cb_regex}\)\(\)'
         regex = fr'^<Handle {cb_regex} at {re.escape(filename)}:{lineno}>$'
         self.assertRegex(repr(h), regex)
 
@@ -2716,9 +2700,6 @@ def test_event_loop_policy(self):
         self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError, policy.get_event_loop)
         self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError, policy.set_event_loop, object())
         self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError, policy.new_event_loop)
-        self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError, policy.get_child_watcher)
-        self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError, policy.set_child_watcher,
-                          object())
 
     def test_get_event_loop(self):
         policy = asyncio.DefaultEventLoopPolicy()
@@ -2833,20 +2814,8 @@ def setUp(self):
         self.loop = asyncio.new_event_loop()
         asyncio.set_event_loop(self.loop)
 
-        if sys.platform != 'win32':
-            with warnings.catch_warnings():
-                warnings.simplefilter('ignore', DeprecationWarning)
-                watcher = asyncio.SafeChildWatcher()
-                watcher.attach_loop(self.loop)
-                asyncio.set_child_watcher(watcher)
-
     def tearDown(self):
         try:
-            if sys.platform != 'win32':
-                with warnings.catch_warnings():
-                    warnings.simplefilter('ignore', DeprecationWarning)
-                    asyncio.set_child_watcher(None)
-
             super().tearDown()
         finally:
             self.loop.close()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_futures.py b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_futures.py
index 458b70451a306a..3a4291e3a68ca6 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_futures.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_futures.py
@@ -32,6 +32,25 @@ def last_cb():
     pass
 
 
+class ReachableCode(Exception):
+    """Exception to raise to indicate that some code was reached.
+
+    Use this exception if using mocks is not a good alternative.
+    """
+
+
+class SimpleEvilEventLoop(asyncio.base_events.BaseEventLoop):
+    """Base class for UAF and other evil stuff requiring an evil event loop."""
+
+    def get_debug(self):  # to suppress tracebacks
+        return False
+
+    def __del__(self):
+        # Automatically close the evil event loop to avoid warnings.
+        if not self.is_closed() and not self.is_running():
+            self.close()
+
+
 class DuckFuture:
     # Class that does not inherit from Future but aims to be duck-type
     # compatible with it.
@@ -659,6 +678,28 @@ def __del__(self):
             fut = self._new_future(loop=self.loop)
             fut.set_result(Evil())
 
+    def test_future_cancelled_result_refcycles(self):
+        f = self._new_future(loop=self.loop)
+        f.cancel()
+        exc = None
+        try:
+            f.result()
+        except asyncio.CancelledError as e:
+            exc = e
+        self.assertIsNotNone(exc)
+        self.assertListEqual(gc.get_referrers(exc), [])
+
+    def test_future_cancelled_exception_refcycles(self):
+        f = self._new_future(loop=self.loop)
+        f.cancel()
+        exc = None
+        try:
+            f.exception()
+        except asyncio.CancelledError as e:
+            exc = e
+        self.assertIsNotNone(exc)
+        self.assertListEqual(gc.get_referrers(exc), [])
+
 
 @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(futures, '_CFuture'),
                      'requires the C _asyncio module')
@@ -675,6 +716,24 @@ def test_future_del_segfault(self):
         with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
             del fut._log_traceback
 
+    def test_callbacks_copy(self):
+        # See https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/125789
+        # In C implementation, the `_callbacks` attribute
+        # always returns a new list to avoid mutations of internal state
+
+        fut = self._new_future(loop=self.loop)
+        f1 = lambda _: 1
+        f2 = lambda _: 2
+        fut.add_done_callback(f1)
+        fut.add_done_callback(f2)
+        callbacks = fut._callbacks
+        self.assertIsNot(callbacks, fut._callbacks)
+        fut.remove_done_callback(f1)
+        callbacks = fut._callbacks
+        self.assertIsNot(callbacks, fut._callbacks)
+        fut.remove_done_callback(f2)
+        self.assertIsNone(fut._callbacks)
+
 
 @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(futures, '_CFuture'),
                      'requires the C _asyncio module')
@@ -907,6 +966,107 @@ def __eq__(self, other):
 
         fut.remove_done_callback(evil())
 
+    def test_evil_call_soon_list_mutation(self):
+        # see: https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/125969
+        called_on_fut_callback0 = False
+
+        pad = lambda: ...
+
+        def evil_call_soon(*args, **kwargs):
+            nonlocal called_on_fut_callback0
+            if called_on_fut_callback0:
+                # Called when handling fut->fut_callbacks[0]
+                # and mutates the length fut->fut_callbacks.
+                fut.remove_done_callback(int)
+                fut.remove_done_callback(pad)
+            else:
+                called_on_fut_callback0 = True
+
+        fake_event_loop = SimpleEvilEventLoop()
+        fake_event_loop.call_soon = evil_call_soon
+
+        with mock.patch.object(self, 'loop', fake_event_loop):
+            fut = self._new_future()
+            self.assertIs(fut.get_loop(), fake_event_loop)
+
+            fut.add_done_callback(str)  # sets fut->fut_callback0
+            fut.add_done_callback(int)  # sets fut->fut_callbacks[0]
+            fut.add_done_callback(pad)  # sets fut->fut_callbacks[1]
+            fut.add_done_callback(pad)  # sets fut->fut_callbacks[2]
+            fut.set_result("boom")
+
+            # When there are no more callbacks, the Python implementation
+            # returns an empty list but the C implementation returns None.
+            self.assertIn(fut._callbacks, (None, []))
+
+    def test_use_after_free_on_fut_callback_0_with_evil__eq__(self):
+        # Special thanks to Nico-Posada for the original PoC.
+        # See https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/125966.
+
+        fut = self._new_future()
+
+        class cb_pad:
+            def __eq__(self, other):
+                return True
+
+        class evil(cb_pad):
+            def __eq__(self, other):
+                fut.remove_done_callback(None)
+                return NotImplemented
+
+        fut.add_done_callback(cb_pad())
+        fut.remove_done_callback(evil())
+
+    def test_use_after_free_on_fut_callback_0_with_evil__getattribute__(self):
+        # see: https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/125984
+
+        class EvilEventLoop(SimpleEvilEventLoop):
+            def call_soon(self, *args, **kwargs):
+                super().call_soon(*args, **kwargs)
+                raise ReachableCode
+
+            def __getattribute__(self, name):
+                nonlocal fut_callback_0
+                if name == 'call_soon':
+                    fut.remove_done_callback(fut_callback_0)
+                    del fut_callback_0
+                return object.__getattribute__(self, name)
+
+        evil_loop = EvilEventLoop()
+        with mock.patch.object(self, 'loop', evil_loop):
+            fut = self._new_future()
+            self.assertIs(fut.get_loop(), evil_loop)
+
+            fut_callback_0 = lambda: ...
+            fut.add_done_callback(fut_callback_0)
+            self.assertRaises(ReachableCode, fut.set_result, "boom")
+
+    def test_use_after_free_on_fut_context_0_with_evil__getattribute__(self):
+        # see: https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/125984
+
+        class EvilEventLoop(SimpleEvilEventLoop):
+            def call_soon(self, *args, **kwargs):
+                super().call_soon(*args, **kwargs)
+                raise ReachableCode
+
+            def __getattribute__(self, name):
+                if name == 'call_soon':
+                    # resets the future's event loop
+                    fut.__init__(loop=SimpleEvilEventLoop())
+                return object.__getattribute__(self, name)
+
+        evil_loop = EvilEventLoop()
+        with mock.patch.object(self, 'loop', evil_loop):
+            fut = self._new_future()
+            self.assertIs(fut.get_loop(), evil_loop)
+
+            fut_callback_0 = mock.Mock()
+            fut_context_0 = mock.Mock()
+            fut.add_done_callback(fut_callback_0, context=fut_context_0)
+            del fut_context_0
+            del fut_callback_0
+            self.assertRaises(ReachableCode, fut.set_result, "boom")
+
 
 @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(futures, '_CFuture'),
                      'requires the C _asyncio module')
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_locks.py b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_locks.py
index c961dadff9fef2..c3bff760f7307e 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_locks.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_locks.py
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ async def test_lock(self):
 
         with self.assertRaisesRegex(
             TypeError,
-            "object Lock can't be used in 'await' expression"
+            "'Lock' object can't be awaited"
         ):
             await lock
 
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ async def test_lock_by_with_statement(self):
             self.assertFalse(lock.locked())
             with self.assertRaisesRegex(
                 TypeError,
-                r"object \w+ can't be used in 'await' expression"
+                r"'\w+' object can't be awaited"
             ):
                 with await lock:
                     pass
@@ -941,7 +941,7 @@ async def test_semaphore(self):
 
         with self.assertRaisesRegex(
             TypeError,
-            "object Semaphore can't be used in 'await' expression",
+            "'Semaphore' object can't be awaited",
         ):
             await sem
 
@@ -1194,14 +1194,14 @@ async def c3(result):
         self.assertEqual([2, 3], result)
 
     async def test_acquire_fifo_order_4(self):
-        # Test that a successfule `acquire()` will wake up multiple Tasks
+        # Test that a successful `acquire()` will wake up multiple Tasks
         # that were waiting in the Semaphore queue due to FIFO rules.
         sem = asyncio.Semaphore(0)
         result = []
         count = 0
 
         async def c1(result):
-            # First task immediatlly waits for semaphore.  It will be awoken by c2.
+            # First task immediately waits for semaphore.  It will be awoken by c2.
             self.assertEqual(sem._value, 0)
             await sem.acquire()
             # We should have woken up all waiting tasks now.
@@ -1270,7 +1270,7 @@ async def test_barrier(self):
         self.assertIn("filling", repr(barrier))
         with self.assertRaisesRegex(
             TypeError,
-            "object Barrier can't be used in 'await' expression",
+            "'Barrier' object can't be awaited",
         ):
             await barrier
 
@@ -1475,7 +1475,7 @@ async def coro():
             # first time waiting
             await barrier.wait()
 
-            # after wainting once for all tasks
+            # after waiting once for all tasks
             if rewait_n > 0:
                 rewait_n -= 1
                 # wait again only for rewait tasks
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_pep492.py b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_pep492.py
index dc25a46985e349..84c5f99129585b 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_pep492.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_pep492.py
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ async def test(lock):
             self.assertFalse(lock.locked())
             with self.assertRaisesRegex(
                 TypeError,
-                "can't be used in 'await' expression"
+                "can't be awaited"
             ):
                 with await lock:
                     pass
@@ -124,10 +124,10 @@ def foo(): yield
 
         self.assertFalse(asyncio.iscoroutine(foo()))
 
-
     def test_iscoroutinefunction(self):
         async def foo(): pass
-        self.assertTrue(asyncio.iscoroutinefunction(foo))
+        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
+            self.assertTrue(asyncio.iscoroutinefunction(foo))
 
     def test_async_def_coroutines(self):
         async def bar():
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_runners.py b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_runners.py
index 266f057f0776c3..45f70d09a2083a 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_runners.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_runners.py
@@ -93,8 +93,8 @@ async def main():
     def test_asyncio_run_only_coro(self):
         for o in {1, lambda: None}:
             with self.subTest(obj=o), \
-                    self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError,
-                                           'a coroutine was expected'):
+                    self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError,
+                                           'an awaitable is required'):
                 asyncio.run(o)
 
     def test_asyncio_run_debug(self):
@@ -319,19 +319,28 @@ async def f():
     def test_run_non_coro(self):
         with asyncio.Runner() as runner:
             with self.assertRaisesRegex(
-                ValueError,
-                "a coroutine was expected"
+                TypeError,
+                "an awaitable is required"
             ):
                 runner.run(123)
 
     def test_run_future(self):
         with asyncio.Runner() as runner:
-            with self.assertRaisesRegex(
-                ValueError,
-                "a coroutine was expected"
-            ):
-                fut = runner.get_loop().create_future()
-                runner.run(fut)
+            fut = runner.get_loop().create_future()
+            fut.set_result('done')
+            self.assertEqual('done', runner.run(fut))
+
+    def test_run_awaitable(self):
+        class MyAwaitable:
+            def __await__(self):
+                return self.run().__await__()
+
+            @staticmethod
+            async def run():
+                return 'done'
+
+        with asyncio.Runner() as runner:
+            self.assertEqual('done', runner.run(MyAwaitable()))
 
     def test_explicit_close(self):
         runner = asyncio.Runner()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_server.py b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_server.py
index 4ca8a166a0f1a1..60a40cc8349fed 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_server.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_server.py
@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ async def serve(rd, wr):
 
         (s_rd, s_wr) = await fut
 
-        # Limit the socket buffers so we can reliably overfill them
+        # Limit the socket buffers so we can more reliably overfill them
         s_sock = s_wr.get_extra_info('socket')
         s_sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_SNDBUF, 65536)
         c_sock = c_wr.get_extra_info('socket')
@@ -242,10 +242,18 @@ async def serve(rd, wr):
             await asyncio.sleep(0)
 
         # Get the writer in a waiting state by sending data until the
-        # socket buffers are full on both server and client sockets and
-        # the kernel stops accepting more data
-        s_wr.write(b'a' * c_sock.getsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_RCVBUF))
-        s_wr.write(b'a' * s_sock.getsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_SNDBUF))
+        # kernel stops accepting more data in the send buffer.
+        # gh-122136: getsockopt() does not reliably report the buffer size
+        # available for message content.
+        # We loop until we start filling up the asyncio buffer.
+        # To avoid an infinite loop we cap at 10 times the expected value
+        c_bufsize = c_sock.getsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_RCVBUF)
+        s_bufsize = s_sock.getsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_SNDBUF)
+        for i in range(10):
+            s_wr.write(b'a' * c_bufsize)
+            s_wr.write(b'a' * s_bufsize)
+            if s_wr.transport.get_write_buffer_size() > 0:
+                break
         self.assertNotEqual(s_wr.transport.get_write_buffer_size(), 0)
 
         task = asyncio.create_task(srv.wait_closed())
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_sslproto.py b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_sslproto.py
index f5f0afeab51c9e..761904c5146b6a 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_sslproto.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_sslproto.py
@@ -109,6 +109,54 @@ def test_connection_lost(self):
         test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
         self.assertIsInstance(waiter.exception(), ConnectionAbortedError)
 
+    def test_connection_lost_when_busy(self):
+        # gh-118950: SSLProtocol.connection_lost not being called when OSError
+        # is thrown on asyncio.write.
+        sock = mock.Mock()
+        sock.fileno = mock.Mock(return_value=12345)
+        sock.send = mock.Mock(side_effect=BrokenPipeError)
+
+        # construct StreamWriter chain that contains loop dependant logic this emulates
+        # what _make_ssl_transport() does in BaseSelectorEventLoop
+        reader = asyncio.StreamReader(limit=2 ** 16, loop=self.loop)
+        protocol = asyncio.StreamReaderProtocol(reader, loop=self.loop)
+        ssl_proto = self.ssl_protocol(proto=protocol)
+
+        # emulate reading decompressed data
+        sslobj = mock.Mock()
+        sslobj.read.side_effect = ssl.SSLWantReadError
+        sslobj.write.side_effect = ssl.SSLWantReadError
+        ssl_proto._sslobj = sslobj
+
+        # emulate outgoing data
+        data = b'An interesting message'
+
+        outgoing = mock.Mock()
+        outgoing.read = mock.Mock(return_value=data)
+        outgoing.pending = len(data)
+        ssl_proto._outgoing = outgoing
+
+        # use correct socket transport to initialize the SSLProtocol
+        self.loop._make_socket_transport(sock, ssl_proto)
+
+        transport = ssl_proto._app_transport
+        writer = asyncio.StreamWriter(transport, protocol, reader, self.loop)
+
+        async def main():
+            # writes data to transport
+            async def write():
+                writer.write(data)
+                await writer.drain()
+
+            # try to write for the first time
+            await write()
+            # try to write for the second time, this raises as the connection_lost
+            # callback should be done with error
+            with self.assertRaises(ConnectionResetError):
+                await write()
+
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(main())
+
     def test_close_during_handshake(self):
         # bpo-29743 Closing transport during handshake process leaks socket
         waiter = self.loop.create_future()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_staggered.py b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_staggered.py
index e6e32f7dbbbcba..74941f704c4890 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_staggered.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_staggered.py
@@ -95,3 +95,30 @@ async def coro(index):
         self.assertEqual(len(excs), 2)
         self.assertIsInstance(excs[0], ValueError)
         self.assertIsInstance(excs[1], ValueError)
+
+
+    async def test_multiple_winners(self):
+        event = asyncio.Event()
+
+        async def coro(index):
+            await event.wait()
+            return index
+
+        async def do_set():
+            event.set()
+            await asyncio.Event().wait()
+
+        winner, index, excs = await staggered_race(
+            [
+                lambda: coro(0),
+                lambda: coro(1),
+                do_set,
+            ],
+            delay=0.1,
+        )
+        self.assertIs(winner, 0)
+        self.assertIs(index, 0)
+        self.assertEqual(len(excs), 3)
+        self.assertIsNone(excs[0], None)
+        self.assertIsInstance(excs[1], asyncio.CancelledError)
+        self.assertIsInstance(excs[2], asyncio.CancelledError)
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_streams.py b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_streams.py
index ae943f39869815..dbe5646c2b7c08 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_streams.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_streams.py
@@ -822,52 +822,6 @@ async def client(addr):
         self.assertEqual(msg1, b"hello world 1!\n")
         self.assertEqual(msg2, b"hello world 2!\n")
 
-    @unittest.skipIf(sys.platform == 'win32', "Don't have pipes")
-    @requires_subprocess()
-    def test_read_all_from_pipe_reader(self):
-        # See asyncio issue 168.  This test is derived from the example
-        # subprocess_attach_read_pipe.py, but we configure the
-        # StreamReader's limit so that twice it is less than the size
-        # of the data writer.  Also we must explicitly attach a child
-        # watcher to the event loop.
-
-        code = """\
-import os, sys
-fd = int(sys.argv[1])
-os.write(fd, b'data')
-os.close(fd)
-"""
-        rfd, wfd = os.pipe()
-        args = [sys.executable, '-c', code, str(wfd)]
-
-        pipe = open(rfd, 'rb', 0)
-        reader = asyncio.StreamReader(loop=self.loop, limit=1)
-        protocol = asyncio.StreamReaderProtocol(reader, loop=self.loop)
-        transport, _ = self.loop.run_until_complete(
-            self.loop.connect_read_pipe(lambda: protocol, pipe))
-        with warnings.catch_warnings():
-            warnings.simplefilter('ignore', DeprecationWarning)
-            watcher = asyncio.SafeChildWatcher()
-        watcher.attach_loop(self.loop)
-        try:
-            with warnings.catch_warnings():
-                warnings.simplefilter('ignore', DeprecationWarning)
-                asyncio.set_child_watcher(watcher)
-            create = asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(
-                *args,
-                pass_fds={wfd},
-            )
-            proc = self.loop.run_until_complete(create)
-            self.loop.run_until_complete(proc.wait())
-        finally:
-            with warnings.catch_warnings():
-                warnings.simplefilter('ignore', DeprecationWarning)
-                asyncio.set_child_watcher(None)
-
-        os.close(wfd)
-        data = self.loop.run_until_complete(reader.read(-1))
-        self.assertEqual(data, b'data')
-
     def test_streamreader_constructor_without_loop(self):
         with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, 'no current event loop'):
             asyncio.StreamReader()
@@ -1246,6 +1200,24 @@ async def handle_echo(reader, writer):
         messages = self._basetest_unhandled_exceptions(handle_echo)
         self.assertEqual(messages, [])
 
+    def test_open_connection_happy_eyeball_refcycles(self):
+        port = socket_helper.find_unused_port()
+        async def main():
+            exc = None
+            try:
+                await asyncio.open_connection(
+                    host="localhost",
+                    port=port,
+                    happy_eyeballs_delay=0.25,
+                )
+            except* OSError as excs:
+                # can't use assertRaises because that clears frames
+                exc = excs.exceptions[0]
+            self.assertIsNotNone(exc)
+            self.assertListEqual(gc.get_referrers(exc), [main_coro])
+        main_coro = main()
+        asyncio.run(main_coro)
+
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_subprocess.py b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_subprocess.py
index cf1a1985338e40..ec748b9bb3e357 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_subprocess.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_subprocess.py
@@ -631,15 +631,6 @@ async def kill_running():
         # the transport was not notified yet
         self.assertFalse(killed)
 
-        # Unlike SafeChildWatcher, FastChildWatcher does not pop the
-        # callbacks if waitpid() is called elsewhere. Let's clear them
-        # manually to avoid a warning when the watcher is detached.
-        if (sys.platform != 'win32' and
-                isinstance(self, SubprocessFastWatcherTests)):
-            with warnings.catch_warnings():
-                warnings.simplefilter('ignore', DeprecationWarning)
-                asyncio.get_child_watcher()._callbacks.clear()
-
     async def _test_popen_error(self, stdin):
         if sys.platform == 'win32':
             target = 'asyncio.windows_utils.Popen'
@@ -792,7 +783,7 @@ async def main() -> None:
 
     def test_subprocess_protocol_events(self):
         # gh-108973: Test that all subprocess protocol methods are called.
-        # The protocol methods are not called in a determistic order.
+        # The protocol methods are not called in a deterministic order.
         # The order depends on the event loop and the operating system.
         events = []
         fds = [1, 2]
@@ -873,60 +864,47 @@ async def main():
 
         self.loop.run_until_complete(main())
 
+    @unittest.skipIf(sys.platform != 'linux', "Linux only")
+    def test_subprocess_send_signal_race(self):
+        # See https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/87744
+        async def main():
+            for _ in range(10):
+                proc = await asyncio.create_subprocess_exec('sleep', '0.1')
+                await asyncio.sleep(0.1)
+                try:
+                    proc.send_signal(signal.SIGUSR1)
+                except ProcessLookupError:
+                    pass
+                self.assertNotEqual(await proc.wait(), 255)
+
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(main())
+
 
 if sys.platform != 'win32':
     # Unix
     class SubprocessWatcherMixin(SubprocessMixin):
 
-        Watcher = None
-
         def setUp(self):
             super().setUp()
             policy = asyncio.get_event_loop_policy()
             self.loop = policy.new_event_loop()
             self.set_event_loop(self.loop)
 
-            watcher = self._get_watcher()
-            watcher.attach_loop(self.loop)
-            with warnings.catch_warnings():
-                warnings.simplefilter('ignore', DeprecationWarning)
-                policy.set_child_watcher(watcher)
+        def test_watcher_implementation(self):
+            loop = self.loop
+            watcher = loop._watcher
+            if unix_events.can_use_pidfd():
+                self.assertIsInstance(watcher, unix_events._PidfdChildWatcher)
+            else:
+                self.assertIsInstance(watcher, unix_events._ThreadedChildWatcher)
 
-        def tearDown(self):
-            super().tearDown()
-            policy = asyncio.get_event_loop_policy()
-            with warnings.catch_warnings():
-                warnings.simplefilter('ignore', DeprecationWarning)
-                watcher = policy.get_child_watcher()
-                policy.set_child_watcher(None)
-            watcher.attach_loop(None)
-            watcher.close()
 
     class SubprocessThreadedWatcherTests(SubprocessWatcherMixin,
                                          test_utils.TestCase):
-
-        def _get_watcher(self):
-            return unix_events.ThreadedChildWatcher()
-
-    class SubprocessSafeWatcherTests(SubprocessWatcherMixin,
-                                     test_utils.TestCase):
-
-        def _get_watcher(self):
-            with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
-                return unix_events.SafeChildWatcher()
-
-    class MultiLoopChildWatcherTests(test_utils.TestCase):
-
-        def test_warns(self):
-            with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
-                unix_events.MultiLoopChildWatcher()
-
-    class SubprocessFastWatcherTests(SubprocessWatcherMixin,
-                                     test_utils.TestCase):
-
-        def _get_watcher(self):
-            with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
-                return unix_events.FastChildWatcher()
+        def setUp(self):
+            # Force the use of the threaded child watcher
+            unix_events.can_use_pidfd = mock.Mock(return_value=False)
+            super().setUp()
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(
         unix_events.can_use_pidfd(),
@@ -935,70 +913,8 @@ def _get_watcher(self):
     class SubprocessPidfdWatcherTests(SubprocessWatcherMixin,
                                       test_utils.TestCase):
 
-        def _get_watcher(self):
-            return unix_events.PidfdChildWatcher()
-
-
-    class GenericWatcherTests(test_utils.TestCase):
-
-        def test_create_subprocess_fails_with_inactive_watcher(self):
-            watcher = mock.create_autospec(asyncio.AbstractChildWatcher)
-            watcher.is_active.return_value = False
-
-            async def execute():
-                asyncio.set_child_watcher(watcher)
-
-                with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError):
-                    await subprocess.create_subprocess_exec(
-                        os_helper.FakePath(sys.executable), '-c', 'pass')
+        pass
 
-                watcher.add_child_handler.assert_not_called()
-
-            with asyncio.Runner(loop_factory=asyncio.new_event_loop) as runner:
-                with warnings.catch_warnings():
-                    warnings.simplefilter('ignore', DeprecationWarning)
-                    self.assertIsNone(runner.run(execute()))
-            self.assertListEqual(watcher.mock_calls, [
-                mock.call.__enter__(),
-                mock.call.is_active(),
-                mock.call.__exit__(RuntimeError, mock.ANY, mock.ANY),
-            ], watcher.mock_calls)
-
-
-        @unittest.skipUnless(
-            unix_events.can_use_pidfd(),
-            "operating system does not support pidfds",
-        )
-        def test_create_subprocess_with_pidfd(self):
-            async def in_thread():
-                proc = await asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(
-                    *PROGRAM_CAT,
-                    stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
-                    stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
-                )
-                stdout, stderr = await proc.communicate(b"some data")
-                return proc.returncode, stdout
-
-            async def main():
-                # asyncio.Runner did not call asyncio.set_event_loop()
-                with warnings.catch_warnings():
-                    warnings.simplefilter('error', DeprecationWarning)
-                    # get_event_loop() raises DeprecationWarning if
-                    # set_event_loop() was never called and RuntimeError if
-                    # it was called at least once.
-                    with self.assertRaises((RuntimeError, DeprecationWarning)):
-                        asyncio.get_event_loop_policy().get_event_loop()
-                return await asyncio.to_thread(asyncio.run, in_thread())
-            with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
-                asyncio.set_child_watcher(asyncio.PidfdChildWatcher())
-            try:
-                with asyncio.Runner(loop_factory=asyncio.new_event_loop) as runner:
-                    returncode, stdout = runner.run(main())
-                self.assertEqual(returncode, 0)
-                self.assertEqual(stdout, b'some data')
-            finally:
-                with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
-                    asyncio.set_child_watcher(None)
 else:
     # Windows
     class SubprocessProactorTests(SubprocessMixin, test_utils.TestCase):
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_taskgroups.py b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_taskgroups.py
index 4852536defc93d..1b4de96a572fb9 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_taskgroups.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_taskgroups.py
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 # Adapted with permission from the EdgeDB project;
 # license: PSFL.
 
-
+import sys
+import gc
 import asyncio
 import contextvars
 import contextlib
@@ -11,7 +12,6 @@
 
 from test.test_asyncio.utils import await_without_task
 
-
 # To prevent a warning "test altered the execution environment"
 def tearDownModule():
     asyncio.set_event_loop_policy(None)
@@ -29,6 +29,15 @@ def get_error_types(eg):
     return {type(exc) for exc in eg.exceptions}
 
 
+def no_other_refs():
+    # due to gh-124392 coroutines now refer to their locals
+    coro = asyncio.current_task().get_coro()
+    frame = sys._getframe(1)
+    while coro.cr_frame != frame:
+        coro = coro.cr_await
+    return [coro]
+
+
 class TestTaskGroup(unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase):
 
     async def test_taskgroup_01(self):
@@ -899,6 +908,95 @@ async def outer():
 
         await outer()
 
+    async def test_exception_refcycles_direct(self):
+        """Test that TaskGroup doesn't keep a reference to the raised ExceptionGroup"""
+        tg = asyncio.TaskGroup()
+        exc = None
+
+        class _Done(Exception):
+            pass
+
+        try:
+            async with tg:
+                raise _Done
+        except ExceptionGroup as e:
+            exc = e
+
+        self.assertIsNotNone(exc)
+        self.assertListEqual(gc.get_referrers(exc), no_other_refs())
+
+
+    async def test_exception_refcycles_errors(self):
+        """Test that TaskGroup deletes self._errors, and __aexit__ args"""
+        tg = asyncio.TaskGroup()
+        exc = None
+
+        class _Done(Exception):
+            pass
+
+        try:
+            async with tg:
+                raise _Done
+        except* _Done as excs:
+            exc = excs.exceptions[0]
+
+        self.assertIsInstance(exc, _Done)
+        self.assertListEqual(gc.get_referrers(exc), no_other_refs())
+
+
+    async def test_exception_refcycles_parent_task(self):
+        """Test that TaskGroup deletes self._parent_task"""
+        tg = asyncio.TaskGroup()
+        exc = None
+
+        class _Done(Exception):
+            pass
+
+        async def coro_fn():
+            async with tg:
+                raise _Done
+
+        try:
+            async with asyncio.TaskGroup() as tg2:
+                tg2.create_task(coro_fn())
+        except* _Done as excs:
+            exc = excs.exceptions[0].exceptions[0]
+
+        self.assertIsInstance(exc, _Done)
+        self.assertListEqual(gc.get_referrers(exc), no_other_refs())
+
+    async def test_exception_refcycles_propagate_cancellation_error(self):
+        """Test that TaskGroup deletes propagate_cancellation_error"""
+        tg = asyncio.TaskGroup()
+        exc = None
+
+        try:
+            async with asyncio.timeout(-1):
+                async with tg:
+                    await asyncio.sleep(0)
+        except TimeoutError as e:
+            exc = e.__cause__
+
+        self.assertIsInstance(exc, asyncio.CancelledError)
+        self.assertListEqual(gc.get_referrers(exc), no_other_refs())
+
+    async def test_exception_refcycles_base_error(self):
+        """Test that TaskGroup deletes self._base_error"""
+        class MyKeyboardInterrupt(KeyboardInterrupt):
+            pass
+
+        tg = asyncio.TaskGroup()
+        exc = None
+
+        try:
+            async with tg:
+                raise MyKeyboardInterrupt
+        except MyKeyboardInterrupt as e:
+            exc = e
+
+        self.assertIsNotNone(exc)
+        self.assertListEqual(gc.get_referrers(exc), no_other_refs())
+
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_tasks.py b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_tasks.py
index 5b09c81faef62a..a1013ab803348d 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_tasks.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_tasks.py
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 from test.test_asyncio import utils as test_utils
 from test import support
 from test.support.script_helper import assert_python_ok
+from test.support.warnings_helper import ignore_warnings
 
 
 def tearDownModule():
@@ -86,6 +87,7 @@ class BaseTaskTests:
 
     Task = None
     Future = None
+    all_tasks = None
 
     def new_task(self, loop, coro, name='TestTask', context=None):
         return self.__class__.Task(coro, loop=loop, name=name, context=context)
@@ -1938,6 +1940,7 @@ async def notmutch():
         self.assertFalse(task.cancelled())
         self.assertIs(task.exception(), base_exc)
 
+    @ignore_warnings(category=DeprecationWarning)
     def test_iscoroutinefunction(self):
         def fn():
             pass
@@ -1955,6 +1958,7 @@ async def fn2():
         self.assertFalse(asyncio.iscoroutinefunction(mock.Mock()))
         self.assertTrue(asyncio.iscoroutinefunction(mock.AsyncMock()))
 
+    @ignore_warnings(category=DeprecationWarning)
     def test_coroutine_non_gen_function(self):
         async def func():
             return 'test'
@@ -2267,7 +2271,7 @@ async def kill_me(loop):
         coro = kill_me(self.loop)
         task = asyncio.ensure_future(coro, loop=self.loop)
 
-        self.assertEqual(asyncio.all_tasks(loop=self.loop), {task})
+        self.assertEqual(self.all_tasks(loop=self.loop), {task})
 
         asyncio.set_event_loop(None)
 
@@ -2282,7 +2286,7 @@ async def kill_me(loop):
         # no more reference to kill_me() task: the task is destroyed by the GC
         support.gc_collect()
 
-        self.assertEqual(asyncio.all_tasks(loop=self.loop), set())
+        self.assertEqual(self.all_tasks(loop=self.loop), set())
 
         mock_handler.assert_called_with(self.loop, {
             'message': 'Task was destroyed but it is pending!',
@@ -2431,7 +2435,7 @@ async def coro():
         message = m_log.error.call_args[0][0]
         self.assertIn('Task was destroyed but it is pending', message)
 
-        self.assertEqual(asyncio.all_tasks(self.loop), set())
+        self.assertEqual(self.all_tasks(self.loop), set())
 
     def test_create_task_with_noncoroutine(self):
         with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError,
@@ -2731,6 +2735,7 @@ async def func():
     # Add patched Task & Future back to the test case
     cls.Task = Task
     cls.Future = Future
+    cls.all_tasks = tasks.all_tasks
 
     # Add an extra unit-test
     cls.test_subclasses_ctask_cfuture = test_subclasses_ctask_cfuture
@@ -2804,6 +2809,7 @@ class CTask_CFuture_Tests(BaseTaskTests, SetMethodsTest,
 
     Task = getattr(tasks, '_CTask', None)
     Future = getattr(futures, '_CFuture', None)
+    all_tasks = getattr(tasks, '_c_all_tasks', None)
 
     @support.refcount_test
     def test_refleaks_in_task___init__(self):
@@ -2835,6 +2841,7 @@ class CTask_CFuture_SubclassTests(BaseTaskTests, test_utils.TestCase):
 
     Task = getattr(tasks, '_CTask', None)
     Future = getattr(futures, '_CFuture', None)
+    all_tasks = getattr(tasks, '_c_all_tasks', None)
 
 
 @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(tasks, '_CTask'),
@@ -2844,6 +2851,7 @@ class CTaskSubclass_PyFuture_Tests(BaseTaskTests, test_utils.TestCase):
 
     Task = getattr(tasks, '_CTask', None)
     Future = futures._PyFuture
+    all_tasks = getattr(tasks, '_c_all_tasks', None)
 
 
 @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(futures, '_CFuture'),
@@ -2853,6 +2861,7 @@ class PyTask_CFutureSubclass_Tests(BaseTaskTests, test_utils.TestCase):
 
     Future = getattr(futures, '_CFuture', None)
     Task = tasks._PyTask
+    all_tasks = tasks._py_all_tasks
 
 
 @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(tasks, '_CTask'),
@@ -2861,6 +2870,7 @@ class CTask_PyFuture_Tests(BaseTaskTests, test_utils.TestCase):
 
     Task = getattr(tasks, '_CTask', None)
     Future = futures._PyFuture
+    all_tasks = getattr(tasks, '_c_all_tasks', None)
 
 
 @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(futures, '_CFuture'),
@@ -2869,6 +2879,7 @@ class PyTask_CFuture_Tests(BaseTaskTests, test_utils.TestCase):
 
     Task = tasks._PyTask
     Future = getattr(futures, '_CFuture', None)
+    all_tasks = staticmethod(tasks._py_all_tasks)
 
 
 class PyTask_PyFuture_Tests(BaseTaskTests, SetMethodsTest,
@@ -2876,6 +2887,7 @@ class PyTask_PyFuture_Tests(BaseTaskTests, SetMethodsTest,
 
     Task = tasks._PyTask
     Future = futures._PyFuture
+    all_tasks = staticmethod(tasks._py_all_tasks)
 
 
 @add_subclass_tests
@@ -2915,6 +2927,7 @@ class BaseTaskIntrospectionTests:
     _unregister_task = None
     _enter_task = None
     _leave_task = None
+    all_tasks = None
 
     def test__register_task_1(self):
         class TaskLike:
@@ -2928,9 +2941,9 @@ def done(self):
         task = TaskLike()
         loop = mock.Mock()
 
-        self.assertEqual(asyncio.all_tasks(loop), set())
+        self.assertEqual(self.all_tasks(loop), set())
         self._register_task(task)
-        self.assertEqual(asyncio.all_tasks(loop), {task})
+        self.assertEqual(self.all_tasks(loop), {task})
         self._unregister_task(task)
 
     def test__register_task_2(self):
@@ -2944,9 +2957,9 @@ def done(self):
         task = TaskLike()
         loop = mock.Mock()
 
-        self.assertEqual(asyncio.all_tasks(loop), set())
+        self.assertEqual(self.all_tasks(loop), set())
         self._register_task(task)
-        self.assertEqual(asyncio.all_tasks(loop), {task})
+        self.assertEqual(self.all_tasks(loop), {task})
         self._unregister_task(task)
 
     def test__register_task_3(self):
@@ -2960,9 +2973,9 @@ def done(self):
         task = TaskLike()
         loop = mock.Mock()
 
-        self.assertEqual(asyncio.all_tasks(loop), set())
+        self.assertEqual(self.all_tasks(loop), set())
         self._register_task(task)
-        self.assertEqual(asyncio.all_tasks(loop), set())
+        self.assertEqual(self.all_tasks(loop), set())
         self._unregister_task(task)
 
     def test__enter_task(self):
@@ -3013,13 +3026,13 @@ def test__unregister_task(self):
         task.get_loop = lambda: loop
         self._register_task(task)
         self._unregister_task(task)
-        self.assertEqual(asyncio.all_tasks(loop), set())
+        self.assertEqual(self.all_tasks(loop), set())
 
     def test__unregister_task_not_registered(self):
         task = mock.Mock()
         loop = mock.Mock()
         self._unregister_task(task)
-        self.assertEqual(asyncio.all_tasks(loop), set())
+        self.assertEqual(self.all_tasks(loop), set())
 
 
 class PyIntrospectionTests(test_utils.TestCase, BaseTaskIntrospectionTests):
@@ -3027,6 +3040,7 @@ class PyIntrospectionTests(test_utils.TestCase, BaseTaskIntrospectionTests):
     _unregister_task = staticmethod(tasks._py_unregister_task)
     _enter_task = staticmethod(tasks._py_enter_task)
     _leave_task = staticmethod(tasks._py_leave_task)
+    all_tasks = staticmethod(tasks._py_all_tasks)
 
 
 @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(tasks, '_c_register_task'),
@@ -3037,6 +3051,7 @@ class CIntrospectionTests(test_utils.TestCase, BaseTaskIntrospectionTests):
         _unregister_task = staticmethod(tasks._c_unregister_task)
         _enter_task = staticmethod(tasks._c_enter_task)
         _leave_task = staticmethod(tasks._c_leave_task)
+        all_tasks = staticmethod(tasks._c_all_tasks)
     else:
         _register_task = _unregister_task = _enter_task = _leave_task = None
 
@@ -3103,14 +3118,14 @@ def test_asyncio_module_compiled(self):
         # fail on systems where C modules were successfully compiled
         # (hence the test for _functools etc), but _asyncio somehow didn't.
         try:
-            import _functools
-            import _json
-            import _pickle
+            import _functools  # noqa: F401
+            import _json       # noqa: F401
+            import _pickle     # noqa: F401
         except ImportError:
             self.skipTest('C modules are not available')
         else:
             try:
-                import _asyncio
+                import _asyncio  # noqa: F401
             except ImportError:
                 self.fail('_asyncio module is missing')
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_threads.py b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_threads.py
index 1138a93e0f78ec..774380270a7d70 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_threads.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_threads.py
@@ -30,7 +30,9 @@ async def test_to_thread_once(self):
         func.assert_called_once()
 
     async def test_to_thread_concurrent(self):
-        func = mock.Mock()
+        calls = []
+        def func():
+            calls.append(1)
 
         futs = []
         for _ in range(10):
@@ -38,7 +40,7 @@ async def test_to_thread_concurrent(self):
             futs.append(fut)
         await asyncio.gather(*futs)
 
-        self.assertEqual(func.call_count, 10)
+        self.assertEqual(sum(calls), 10)
 
     async def test_to_thread_args_kwargs(self):
         # Unlike run_in_executor(), to_thread() should directly accept kwargs.
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_timeouts.py b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_timeouts.py
index 1f7f9ee696a525..f5543e191d07ff 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_timeouts.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_timeouts.py
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ async def test_nested_timeouts_loop_busy(self):
                         # Pretend the loop is busy for a while.
                         time.sleep(0.1)
                         await asyncio.sleep(1)
-                # TimeoutError was cought by (2)
+                # TimeoutError was caught by (2)
                 await asyncio.sleep(10) # This sleep should be interrupted by (1)
         t1 = loop.time()
         self.assertTrue(t0 <= t1 <= t0 + 1)
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_unix_events.py b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_unix_events.py
index 9452213c685851..9ae54b6887010b 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_unix_events.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_unix_events.py
@@ -1112,697 +1112,6 @@ def test_write_eof_pending(self):
         self.assertFalse(self.protocol.connection_lost.called)
 
 
-class AbstractChildWatcherTests(unittest.TestCase):
-
-    def test_warns_on_subclassing(self):
-        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
-            class MyWatcher(asyncio.AbstractChildWatcher):
-                pass
-
-    def test_not_implemented(self):
-        f = mock.Mock()
-        watcher = asyncio.AbstractChildWatcher()
-        self.assertRaises(
-            NotImplementedError, watcher.add_child_handler, f, f)
-        self.assertRaises(
-            NotImplementedError, watcher.remove_child_handler, f)
-        self.assertRaises(
-            NotImplementedError, watcher.attach_loop, f)
-        self.assertRaises(
-            NotImplementedError, watcher.close)
-        self.assertRaises(
-            NotImplementedError, watcher.is_active)
-        self.assertRaises(
-            NotImplementedError, watcher.__enter__)
-        self.assertRaises(
-            NotImplementedError, watcher.__exit__, f, f, f)
-
-
-class BaseChildWatcherTests(unittest.TestCase):
-
-    def test_not_implemented(self):
-        f = mock.Mock()
-        watcher = unix_events.BaseChildWatcher()
-        self.assertRaises(
-            NotImplementedError, watcher._do_waitpid, f)
-
-
-class ChildWatcherTestsMixin:
-
-    ignore_warnings = mock.patch.object(log.logger, "warning")
-
-    def setUp(self):
-        super().setUp()
-        self.loop = self.new_test_loop()
-        self.running = False
-        self.zombies = {}
-
-        with mock.patch.object(
-                self.loop, "add_signal_handler") as self.m_add_signal_handler:
-            self.watcher = self.create_watcher()
-            self.watcher.attach_loop(self.loop)
-
-    def waitpid(self, pid, flags):
-        if isinstance(self.watcher, asyncio.SafeChildWatcher) or pid != -1:
-            self.assertGreater(pid, 0)
-        try:
-            if pid < 0:
-                return self.zombies.popitem()
-            else:
-                return pid, self.zombies.pop(pid)
-        except KeyError:
-            pass
-        if self.running:
-            return 0, 0
-        else:
-            raise ChildProcessError()
-
-    def add_zombie(self, pid, status):
-        self.zombies[pid] = status
-
-    def waitstatus_to_exitcode(self, status):
-        if status > 32768:
-            return status - 32768
-        elif 32700 < status < 32768:
-            return status - 32768
-        else:
-            return status
-
-    def test_create_watcher(self):
-        self.m_add_signal_handler.assert_called_once_with(
-            signal.SIGCHLD, self.watcher._sig_chld)
-
-    def waitpid_mocks(func):
-        def wrapped_func(self):
-            def patch(target, wrapper):
-                return mock.patch(target, wraps=wrapper,
-                                  new_callable=mock.Mock)
-
-            with patch('asyncio.unix_events.waitstatus_to_exitcode', self.waitstatus_to_exitcode), \
-                 patch('os.waitpid', self.waitpid) as m_waitpid:
-                func(self, m_waitpid)
-        return wrapped_func
-
-    @waitpid_mocks
-    def test_sigchld(self, m_waitpid):
-        # register a child
-        callback = mock.Mock()
-
-        with self.watcher:
-            self.running = True
-            self.watcher.add_child_handler(42, callback, 9, 10, 14)
-
-        self.assertFalse(callback.called)
-
-        # child is running
-        self.watcher._sig_chld()
-
-        self.assertFalse(callback.called)
-
-        # child terminates (returncode 12)
-        self.running = False
-        self.add_zombie(42, EXITCODE(12))
-        self.watcher._sig_chld()
-
-        callback.assert_called_once_with(42, 12, 9, 10, 14)
-
-        callback.reset_mock()
-
-        # ensure that the child is effectively reaped
-        self.add_zombie(42, EXITCODE(13))
-        with self.ignore_warnings:
-            self.watcher._sig_chld()
-
-        self.assertFalse(callback.called)
-
-        # sigchld called again
-        self.zombies.clear()
-        self.watcher._sig_chld()
-
-        self.assertFalse(callback.called)
-
-    @waitpid_mocks
-    def test_sigchld_two_children(self, m_waitpid):
-        callback1 = mock.Mock()
-        callback2 = mock.Mock()
-
-        # register child 1
-        with self.watcher:
-            self.running = True
-            self.watcher.add_child_handler(43, callback1, 7, 8)
-
-        self.assertFalse(callback1.called)
-        self.assertFalse(callback2.called)
-
-        # register child 2
-        with self.watcher:
-            self.watcher.add_child_handler(44, callback2, 147, 18)
-
-        self.assertFalse(callback1.called)
-        self.assertFalse(callback2.called)
-
-        # children are running
-        self.watcher._sig_chld()
-
-        self.assertFalse(callback1.called)
-        self.assertFalse(callback2.called)
-
-        # child 1 terminates (signal 3)
-        self.add_zombie(43, SIGNAL(3))
-        self.watcher._sig_chld()
-
-        callback1.assert_called_once_with(43, -3, 7, 8)
-        self.assertFalse(callback2.called)
-
-        callback1.reset_mock()
-
-        # child 2 still running
-        self.watcher._sig_chld()
-
-        self.assertFalse(callback1.called)
-        self.assertFalse(callback2.called)
-
-        # child 2 terminates (code 108)
-        self.add_zombie(44, EXITCODE(108))
-        self.running = False
-        self.watcher._sig_chld()
-
-        callback2.assert_called_once_with(44, 108, 147, 18)
-        self.assertFalse(callback1.called)
-
-        callback2.reset_mock()
-
-        # ensure that the children are effectively reaped
-        self.add_zombie(43, EXITCODE(14))
-        self.add_zombie(44, EXITCODE(15))
-        with self.ignore_warnings:
-            self.watcher._sig_chld()
-
-        self.assertFalse(callback1.called)
-        self.assertFalse(callback2.called)
-
-        # sigchld called again
-        self.zombies.clear()
-        self.watcher._sig_chld()
-
-        self.assertFalse(callback1.called)
-        self.assertFalse(callback2.called)
-
-    @waitpid_mocks
-    def test_sigchld_two_children_terminating_together(self, m_waitpid):
-        callback1 = mock.Mock()
-        callback2 = mock.Mock()
-
-        # register child 1
-        with self.watcher:
-            self.running = True
-            self.watcher.add_child_handler(45, callback1, 17, 8)
-
-        self.assertFalse(callback1.called)
-        self.assertFalse(callback2.called)
-
-        # register child 2
-        with self.watcher:
-            self.watcher.add_child_handler(46, callback2, 1147, 18)
-
-        self.assertFalse(callback1.called)
-        self.assertFalse(callback2.called)
-
-        # children are running
-        self.watcher._sig_chld()
-
-        self.assertFalse(callback1.called)
-        self.assertFalse(callback2.called)
-
-        # child 1 terminates (code 78)
-        # child 2 terminates (signal 5)
-        self.add_zombie(45, EXITCODE(78))
-        self.add_zombie(46, SIGNAL(5))
-        self.running = False
-        self.watcher._sig_chld()
-
-        callback1.assert_called_once_with(45, 78, 17, 8)
-        callback2.assert_called_once_with(46, -5, 1147, 18)
-
-        callback1.reset_mock()
-        callback2.reset_mock()
-
-        # ensure that the children are effectively reaped
-        self.add_zombie(45, EXITCODE(14))
-        self.add_zombie(46, EXITCODE(15))
-        with self.ignore_warnings:
-            self.watcher._sig_chld()
-
-        self.assertFalse(callback1.called)
-        self.assertFalse(callback2.called)
-
-    @waitpid_mocks
-    def test_sigchld_race_condition(self, m_waitpid):
-        # register a child
-        callback = mock.Mock()
-
-        with self.watcher:
-            # child terminates before being registered
-            self.add_zombie(50, EXITCODE(4))
-            self.watcher._sig_chld()
-
-            self.watcher.add_child_handler(50, callback, 1, 12)
-
-        callback.assert_called_once_with(50, 4, 1, 12)
-        callback.reset_mock()
-
-        # ensure that the child is effectively reaped
-        self.add_zombie(50, SIGNAL(1))
-        with self.ignore_warnings:
-            self.watcher._sig_chld()
-
-        self.assertFalse(callback.called)
-
-    @waitpid_mocks
-    def test_sigchld_replace_handler(self, m_waitpid):
-        callback1 = mock.Mock()
-        callback2 = mock.Mock()
-
-        # register a child
-        with self.watcher:
-            self.running = True
-            self.watcher.add_child_handler(51, callback1, 19)
-
-        self.assertFalse(callback1.called)
-        self.assertFalse(callback2.called)
-
-        # register the same child again
-        with self.watcher:
-            self.watcher.add_child_handler(51, callback2, 21)
-
-        self.assertFalse(callback1.called)
-        self.assertFalse(callback2.called)
-
-        # child terminates (signal 8)
-        self.running = False
-        self.add_zombie(51, SIGNAL(8))
-        self.watcher._sig_chld()
-
-        callback2.assert_called_once_with(51, -8, 21)
-        self.assertFalse(callback1.called)
-
-        callback2.reset_mock()
-
-        # ensure that the child is effectively reaped
-        self.add_zombie(51, EXITCODE(13))
-        with self.ignore_warnings:
-            self.watcher._sig_chld()
-
-        self.assertFalse(callback1.called)
-        self.assertFalse(callback2.called)
-
-    @waitpid_mocks
-    def test_sigchld_remove_handler(self, m_waitpid):
-        callback = mock.Mock()
-
-        # register a child
-        with self.watcher:
-            self.running = True
-            self.watcher.add_child_handler(52, callback, 1984)
-
-        self.assertFalse(callback.called)
-
-        # unregister the child
-        self.watcher.remove_child_handler(52)
-
-        self.assertFalse(callback.called)
-
-        # child terminates (code 99)
-        self.running = False
-        self.add_zombie(52, EXITCODE(99))
-        with self.ignore_warnings:
-            self.watcher._sig_chld()
-
-        self.assertFalse(callback.called)
-
-    @waitpid_mocks
-    def test_sigchld_unknown_status(self, m_waitpid):
-        callback = mock.Mock()
-
-        # register a child
-        with self.watcher:
-            self.running = True
-            self.watcher.add_child_handler(53, callback, -19)
-
-        self.assertFalse(callback.called)
-
-        # terminate with unknown status
-        self.zombies[53] = 1178
-        self.running = False
-        self.watcher._sig_chld()
-
-        callback.assert_called_once_with(53, 1178, -19)
-
-        callback.reset_mock()
-
-        # ensure that the child is effectively reaped
-        self.add_zombie(53, EXITCODE(101))
-        with self.ignore_warnings:
-            self.watcher._sig_chld()
-
-        self.assertFalse(callback.called)
-
-    @waitpid_mocks
-    def test_remove_child_handler(self, m_waitpid):
-        callback1 = mock.Mock()
-        callback2 = mock.Mock()
-        callback3 = mock.Mock()
-
-        # register children
-        with self.watcher:
-            self.running = True
-            self.watcher.add_child_handler(54, callback1, 1)
-            self.watcher.add_child_handler(55, callback2, 2)
-            self.watcher.add_child_handler(56, callback3, 3)
-
-        # remove child handler 1
-        self.assertTrue(self.watcher.remove_child_handler(54))
-
-        # remove child handler 2 multiple times
-        self.assertTrue(self.watcher.remove_child_handler(55))
-        self.assertFalse(self.watcher.remove_child_handler(55))
-        self.assertFalse(self.watcher.remove_child_handler(55))
-
-        # all children terminate
-        self.add_zombie(54, EXITCODE(0))
-        self.add_zombie(55, EXITCODE(1))
-        self.add_zombie(56, EXITCODE(2))
-        self.running = False
-        with self.ignore_warnings:
-            self.watcher._sig_chld()
-
-        self.assertFalse(callback1.called)
-        self.assertFalse(callback2.called)
-        callback3.assert_called_once_with(56, 2, 3)
-
-    @waitpid_mocks
-    def test_sigchld_unhandled_exception(self, m_waitpid):
-        callback = mock.Mock()
-
-        # register a child
-        with self.watcher:
-            self.running = True
-            self.watcher.add_child_handler(57, callback)
-
-        # raise an exception
-        m_waitpid.side_effect = ValueError
-
-        with mock.patch.object(log.logger,
-                               'error') as m_error:
-
-            self.assertEqual(self.watcher._sig_chld(), None)
-            self.assertTrue(m_error.called)
-
-    @waitpid_mocks
-    def test_sigchld_child_reaped_elsewhere(self, m_waitpid):
-        # register a child
-        callback = mock.Mock()
-
-        with self.watcher:
-            self.running = True
-            self.watcher.add_child_handler(58, callback)
-
-        self.assertFalse(callback.called)
-
-        # child terminates
-        self.running = False
-        self.add_zombie(58, EXITCODE(4))
-
-        # waitpid is called elsewhere
-        os.waitpid(58, os.WNOHANG)
-
-        m_waitpid.reset_mock()
-
-        # sigchld
-        with self.ignore_warnings:
-            self.watcher._sig_chld()
-
-        if isinstance(self.watcher, asyncio.FastChildWatcher):
-            # here the FastChildWatcher enters a deadlock
-            # (there is no way to prevent it)
-            self.assertFalse(callback.called)
-        else:
-            callback.assert_called_once_with(58, 255)
-
-    @waitpid_mocks
-    def test_sigchld_unknown_pid_during_registration(self, m_waitpid):
-        # register two children
-        callback1 = mock.Mock()
-        callback2 = mock.Mock()
-
-        with self.ignore_warnings, self.watcher:
-            self.running = True
-            # child 1 terminates
-            self.add_zombie(591, EXITCODE(7))
-            # an unknown child terminates
-            self.add_zombie(593, EXITCODE(17))
-
-            self.watcher._sig_chld()
-
-            self.watcher.add_child_handler(591, callback1)
-            self.watcher.add_child_handler(592, callback2)
-
-        callback1.assert_called_once_with(591, 7)
-        self.assertFalse(callback2.called)
-
-    @waitpid_mocks
-    def test_set_loop(self, m_waitpid):
-        # register a child
-        callback = mock.Mock()
-
-        with self.watcher:
-            self.running = True
-            self.watcher.add_child_handler(60, callback)
-
-        # attach a new loop
-        old_loop = self.loop
-        self.loop = self.new_test_loop()
-        patch = mock.patch.object
-
-        with patch(old_loop, "remove_signal_handler") as m_old_remove, \
-             patch(self.loop, "add_signal_handler") as m_new_add:
-
-            self.watcher.attach_loop(self.loop)
-
-            m_old_remove.assert_called_once_with(
-                signal.SIGCHLD)
-            m_new_add.assert_called_once_with(
-                signal.SIGCHLD, self.watcher._sig_chld)
-
-        # child terminates
-        self.running = False
-        self.add_zombie(60, EXITCODE(9))
-        self.watcher._sig_chld()
-
-        callback.assert_called_once_with(60, 9)
-
-    @waitpid_mocks
-    def test_set_loop_race_condition(self, m_waitpid):
-        # register 3 children
-        callback1 = mock.Mock()
-        callback2 = mock.Mock()
-        callback3 = mock.Mock()
-
-        with self.watcher:
-            self.running = True
-            self.watcher.add_child_handler(61, callback1)
-            self.watcher.add_child_handler(62, callback2)
-            self.watcher.add_child_handler(622, callback3)
-
-        # detach the loop
-        old_loop = self.loop
-        self.loop = None
-
-        with mock.patch.object(
-                old_loop, "remove_signal_handler") as m_remove_signal_handler:
-
-            with self.assertWarnsRegex(
-                    RuntimeWarning, 'A loop is being detached'):
-                self.watcher.attach_loop(None)
-
-            m_remove_signal_handler.assert_called_once_with(
-                signal.SIGCHLD)
-
-        # child 1 & 2 terminate
-        self.add_zombie(61, EXITCODE(11))
-        self.add_zombie(62, SIGNAL(5))
-
-        # SIGCHLD was not caught
-        self.assertFalse(callback1.called)
-        self.assertFalse(callback2.called)
-        self.assertFalse(callback3.called)
-
-        # attach a new loop
-        self.loop = self.new_test_loop()
-
-        with mock.patch.object(
-                self.loop, "add_signal_handler") as m_add_signal_handler:
-
-            self.watcher.attach_loop(self.loop)
-
-            m_add_signal_handler.assert_called_once_with(
-                signal.SIGCHLD, self.watcher._sig_chld)
-            callback1.assert_called_once_with(61, 11)  # race condition!
-            callback2.assert_called_once_with(62, -5)  # race condition!
-            self.assertFalse(callback3.called)
-
-        callback1.reset_mock()
-        callback2.reset_mock()
-
-        # child 3 terminates
-        self.running = False
-        self.add_zombie(622, EXITCODE(19))
-        self.watcher._sig_chld()
-
-        self.assertFalse(callback1.called)
-        self.assertFalse(callback2.called)
-        callback3.assert_called_once_with(622, 19)
-
-    @waitpid_mocks
-    def test_close(self, m_waitpid):
-        # register two children
-        callback1 = mock.Mock()
-
-        with self.watcher:
-            self.running = True
-            # child 1 terminates
-            self.add_zombie(63, EXITCODE(9))
-            # other child terminates
-            self.add_zombie(65, EXITCODE(18))
-            self.watcher._sig_chld()
-
-            self.watcher.add_child_handler(63, callback1)
-            self.watcher.add_child_handler(64, callback1)
-
-            self.assertEqual(len(self.watcher._callbacks), 1)
-            if isinstance(self.watcher, asyncio.FastChildWatcher):
-                self.assertEqual(len(self.watcher._zombies), 1)
-
-            with mock.patch.object(
-                    self.loop,
-                    "remove_signal_handler") as m_remove_signal_handler:
-
-                self.watcher.close()
-
-                m_remove_signal_handler.assert_called_once_with(
-                    signal.SIGCHLD)
-                self.assertFalse(self.watcher._callbacks)
-                if isinstance(self.watcher, asyncio.FastChildWatcher):
-                    self.assertFalse(self.watcher._zombies)
-
-
-class SafeChildWatcherTests (ChildWatcherTestsMixin, test_utils.TestCase):
-    def create_watcher(self):
-        with warnings.catch_warnings():
-            warnings.simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
-            return asyncio.SafeChildWatcher()
-
-
-class FastChildWatcherTests (ChildWatcherTestsMixin, test_utils.TestCase):
-    def create_watcher(self):
-        with warnings.catch_warnings():
-            warnings.simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
-            return asyncio.FastChildWatcher()
-
-
-class PolicyTests(unittest.TestCase):
-
-    def create_policy(self):
-        return asyncio.DefaultEventLoopPolicy()
-
-    @mock.patch('asyncio.unix_events.can_use_pidfd')
-    def test_get_default_child_watcher(self, m_can_use_pidfd):
-        m_can_use_pidfd.return_value = False
-        policy = self.create_policy()
-        self.assertIsNone(policy._watcher)
-        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
-            watcher = policy.get_child_watcher()
-        self.assertIsInstance(watcher, asyncio.ThreadedChildWatcher)
-
-        self.assertIs(policy._watcher, watcher)
-        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
-            self.assertIs(watcher, policy.get_child_watcher())
-
-        m_can_use_pidfd.return_value = True
-        policy = self.create_policy()
-        self.assertIsNone(policy._watcher)
-        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
-            watcher = policy.get_child_watcher()
-        self.assertIsInstance(watcher, asyncio.PidfdChildWatcher)
-
-        self.assertIs(policy._watcher, watcher)
-        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
-            self.assertIs(watcher, policy.get_child_watcher())
-
-    def test_get_child_watcher_after_set(self):
-        policy = self.create_policy()
-        with warnings.catch_warnings():
-            warnings.simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
-            watcher = asyncio.FastChildWatcher()
-            policy.set_child_watcher(watcher)
-
-        self.assertIs(policy._watcher, watcher)
-        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
-            self.assertIs(watcher, policy.get_child_watcher())
-
-    def test_get_child_watcher_thread(self):
-
-        def f():
-            policy.set_event_loop(policy.new_event_loop())
-
-            self.assertIsInstance(policy.get_event_loop(),
-                                  asyncio.AbstractEventLoop)
-            with warnings.catch_warnings():
-                warnings.simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
-                watcher = policy.get_child_watcher()
-
-            self.assertIsInstance(watcher, asyncio.SafeChildWatcher)
-            self.assertIsNone(watcher._loop)
-
-            policy.get_event_loop().close()
-
-        policy = self.create_policy()
-        with warnings.catch_warnings():
-            warnings.simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
-            policy.set_child_watcher(asyncio.SafeChildWatcher())
-
-        th = threading.Thread(target=f)
-        th.start()
-        th.join()
-
-    def test_child_watcher_replace_mainloop_existing(self):
-        policy = self.create_policy()
-        loop = policy.new_event_loop()
-        policy.set_event_loop(loop)
-
-        # Explicitly setup SafeChildWatcher,
-        # default ThreadedChildWatcher has no _loop property
-        with warnings.catch_warnings():
-            warnings.simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
-            watcher = asyncio.SafeChildWatcher()
-            policy.set_child_watcher(watcher)
-        watcher.attach_loop(loop)
-
-        self.assertIs(watcher._loop, loop)
-
-        new_loop = policy.new_event_loop()
-        policy.set_event_loop(new_loop)
-
-        self.assertIs(watcher._loop, new_loop)
-
-        policy.set_event_loop(None)
-
-        self.assertIs(watcher._loop, None)
-
-        loop.close()
-        new_loop.close()
-
-
 class TestFunctional(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def setUp(self):
@@ -1903,6 +1212,7 @@ async def test_fork_not_share_event_loop(self):
             wait_process(pid, exitcode=0)
 
     @hashlib_helper.requires_hashdigest('md5')
+    @support.skip_if_sanitizer("TSAN doesn't support threads after fork", thread=True)
     def test_fork_signal_handling(self):
         self.addCleanup(multiprocessing_cleanup_tests)
 
@@ -1949,6 +1259,7 @@ async def func():
         self.assertTrue(child_handled.is_set())
 
     @hashlib_helper.requires_hashdigest('md5')
+    @support.skip_if_sanitizer("TSAN doesn't support threads after fork", thread=True)
     def test_fork_asyncio_run(self):
         self.addCleanup(multiprocessing_cleanup_tests)
 
@@ -1968,6 +1279,7 @@ async def child_main():
         self.assertEqual(result.value, 42)
 
     @hashlib_helper.requires_hashdigest('md5')
+    @support.skip_if_sanitizer("TSAN doesn't support threads after fork", thread=True)
     def test_fork_asyncio_subprocess(self):
         self.addCleanup(multiprocessing_cleanup_tests)
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_asyncio/utils.py b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/utils.py
index 44943e1fa7bc4e..b8dbe7feaac3f4 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_asyncio/utils.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/utils.py
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 import unittest
 import weakref
 import warnings
+from ast import literal_eval
 from unittest import mock
 
 from http.server import HTTPServer
@@ -56,24 +57,8 @@ def data_file(*filename):
 ONLYKEY = data_file('certdata', 'ssl_key.pem')
 SIGNED_CERTFILE = data_file('certdata', 'keycert3.pem')
 SIGNING_CA = data_file('certdata', 'pycacert.pem')
-PEERCERT = {
-    'OCSP': ('http://testca.pythontest.net/testca/ocsp/',),
-    'caIssuers': ('http://testca.pythontest.net/testca/pycacert.cer',),
-    'crlDistributionPoints': ('http://testca.pythontest.net/testca/revocation.crl',),
-    'issuer': ((('countryName', 'XY'),),
-            (('organizationName', 'Python Software Foundation CA'),),
-            (('commonName', 'our-ca-server'),)),
-    'notAfter': 'Oct 28 14:23:16 2037 GMT',
-    'notBefore': 'Aug 29 14:23:16 2018 GMT',
-    'serialNumber': 'CB2D80995A69525C',
-    'subject': ((('countryName', 'XY'),),
-             (('localityName', 'Castle Anthrax'),),
-             (('organizationName', 'Python Software Foundation'),),
-             (('commonName', 'localhost'),)),
-    'subjectAltName': (('DNS', 'localhost'),),
-    'version': 3
-}
-
+with open(data_file('certdata', 'keycert3.pem.reference')) as file:
+    PEERCERT = literal_eval(file.read())
 
 def simple_server_sslcontext():
     server_context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER)
@@ -301,12 +286,17 @@ def run_udp_echo_server(*, host='127.0.0.1', port=0):
     family, type, proto, _, sockaddr = addr_info[0]
     sock = socket.socket(family, type, proto)
     sock.bind((host, port))
+    sockname = sock.getsockname()
     thread = threading.Thread(target=lambda: echo_datagrams(sock))
     thread.start()
     try:
-        yield sock.getsockname()
+        yield sockname
     finally:
-        sock.sendto(b'STOP', sock.getsockname())
+        # gh-122187: use a separate socket to send the stop message to avoid
+        # TSan reported race on the same socket.
+        sock2 = socket.socket(family, type, proto)
+        sock2.sendto(b'STOP', sockname)
+        sock2.close()
         thread.join()
 
 
@@ -547,25 +537,6 @@ def close_loop(loop):
                 loop._default_executor.shutdown(wait=True)
         loop.close()
 
-        policy = support.maybe_get_event_loop_policy()
-        if policy is not None:
-            try:
-                with warnings.catch_warnings():
-                    warnings.simplefilter('ignore', DeprecationWarning)
-                    watcher = policy.get_child_watcher()
-            except NotImplementedError:
-                # watcher is not implemented by EventLoopPolicy, e.g. Windows
-                pass
-            else:
-                if isinstance(watcher, asyncio.ThreadedChildWatcher):
-                    # Wait for subprocess to finish, but not forever
-                    for thread in list(watcher._threads.values()):
-                        thread.join(timeout=support.SHORT_TIMEOUT)
-                        if thread.is_alive():
-                            raise RuntimeError(f"thread {thread} still alive: "
-                                               "subprocess still running")
-
-
     def set_event_loop(self, loop, *, cleanup=True):
         if loop is None:
             raise AssertionError('loop is None')
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_audit.py b/Lib/test/test_audit.py
index 321d4f9abce8c7..ddd9f951143df7 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_audit.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_audit.py
@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@ def test_gc(self):
         )
 
 
+    @support.requires_resource('network')
     def test_http(self):
         import_helper.import_module("http.client")
         returncode, events, stderr = self.run_python("test_http_client")
@@ -306,5 +307,12 @@ def test_winapi_createnamedpipe(self):
 
         self.assertEqual(actual, expected)
 
+    def test_assert_unicode(self):
+        # See gh-126018
+        returncode, _, stderr = self.run_python("test_assert_unicode")
+        if returncode:
+            self.fail(stderr)
+
+
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_baseexception.py b/Lib/test/test_baseexception.py
index 6dc06c5e4bc9d5..e599b02c17d9c0 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_baseexception.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_baseexception.py
@@ -78,6 +78,9 @@ def test_inheritance(self):
                 last_depth = depth
         finally:
             inheritance_tree.close()
+
+        # Underscore-prefixed (private) exceptions don't need to be documented
+        exc_set = set(e for e in exc_set if not e.startswith('_'))
         self.assertEqual(len(exc_set), 0, "%s not accounted for" % exc_set)
 
     interface_tests = ("length", "args", "str", "repr")
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_bdb.py b/Lib/test/test_bdb.py
index ed1a63daea1186..f15dae13eb384e 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_bdb.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_bdb.py
@@ -1046,8 +1046,9 @@ def main():
                 ('return', 1, '<module>'), ('quit', ),
             ]
             import test_module_for_bdb
+            ns = {'test_module_for_bdb': test_module_for_bdb}
             with TracerRun(self) as tracer:
-                tracer.runeval('test_module_for_bdb.main()', globals(), locals())
+                tracer.runeval('test_module_for_bdb.main()', ns, ns)
 
 class IssuesTestCase(BaseTestCase):
     """Test fixed bdb issues."""
@@ -1216,6 +1217,19 @@ def main():
             with TracerRun(self) as tracer:
                 tracer.runcall(tfunc_import)
 
+    def test_next_to_botframe(self):
+        # gh-125422
+        # Check that next command won't go to the bottom frame.
+        code = """
+            lno = 2
+        """
+        self.expect_set = [
+            ('line', 2, '<module>'),   ('step', ),
+            ('return', 2, '<module>'), ('next', ),
+        ]
+        with TracerRun(self) as tracer:
+            tracer.run(compile(textwrap.dedent(code), '<string>', 'exec'))
+
 
 class TestRegressions(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_format_stack_entry_no_lineno(self):
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_builtin.py b/Lib/test/test_builtin.py
index 9ff0f488dc4fa9..eb5906f8944c8e 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_builtin.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_builtin.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 import asyncio
 import builtins
 import collections
+import contextlib
 import decimal
 import fractions
 import gc
@@ -16,6 +17,7 @@
 import random
 import re
 import sys
+import textwrap
 import traceback
 import types
 import typing
@@ -30,6 +32,7 @@
 from operator import neg
 from test import support
 from test.support import (cpython_only, swap_attr, maybe_get_event_loop_policy)
+from test.support.import_helper import import_module
 from test.support.os_helper import (EnvironmentVarGuard, TESTFN, unlink)
 from test.support.script_helper import assert_python_ok
 from test.support.warnings_helper import check_warnings
@@ -412,7 +415,7 @@ def test_compile_top_level_await_no_coro(self):
         "socket.accept is broken"
     )
     def test_compile_top_level_await(self):
-        """Test whether code some top level await can be compiled.
+        """Test whether code with top level await can be compiled.
 
         Make sure it compiles only with the PyCF_ALLOW_TOP_LEVEL_AWAIT flag
         set, and make sure the generated code object has the CO_COROUTINE flag
@@ -426,6 +429,7 @@ async def arange(n):
                 yield i
 
         modes = ('single', 'exec')
+        optimizations = (-1, 0, 1, 2)
         code_samples = [
             '''a = await asyncio.sleep(0, result=1)''',
             '''async for i in arange(1):
@@ -438,34 +442,52 @@ async def arange(n):
             '''a = [x async for x in arange(2) async for x in arange(2)][1]''',
             '''a = [x async for x in (x async for x in arange(5))][1]''',
             '''a, = [1 for x in {x async for x in arange(1)}]''',
-            '''a = [await asyncio.sleep(0, x) async for x in arange(2)][1]'''
+            '''a = [await asyncio.sleep(0, x) async for x in arange(2)][1]''',
+            # gh-121637: Make sure we correctly handle the case where the
+            # async code is optimized away
+            '''assert not await asyncio.sleep(0); a = 1''',
+            '''assert [x async for x in arange(1)]; a = 1''',
+            '''assert {x async for x in arange(1)}; a = 1''',
+            '''assert {x: x async for x in arange(1)}; a = 1''',
+            '''
+            if (a := 1) and __debug__:
+                async with asyncio.Lock() as l:
+                    pass
+            ''',
+            '''
+            if (a := 1) and __debug__:
+                async for x in arange(2):
+                    pass
+            ''',
         ]
         policy = maybe_get_event_loop_policy()
         try:
-            for mode, code_sample in product(modes, code_samples):
-                source = dedent(code_sample)
-                with self.assertRaises(
-                        SyntaxError, msg=f"source={source} mode={mode}"):
-                    compile(source, '?', mode)
-
-                co = compile(source,
-                             '?',
-                             mode,
-                             flags=ast.PyCF_ALLOW_TOP_LEVEL_AWAIT)
-
-                self.assertEqual(co.co_flags & CO_COROUTINE, CO_COROUTINE,
-                                 msg=f"source={source} mode={mode}")
-
-                # test we can create and  advance a function type
-                globals_ = {'asyncio': asyncio, 'a': 0, 'arange': arange}
-                async_f = FunctionType(co, globals_)
-                asyncio.run(async_f())
-                self.assertEqual(globals_['a'], 1)
+            for mode, code_sample, optimize in product(modes, code_samples, optimizations):
+                with self.subTest(mode=mode, code_sample=code_sample, optimize=optimize):
+                    source = dedent(code_sample)
+                    with self.assertRaises(
+                            SyntaxError, msg=f"source={source} mode={mode}"):
+                        compile(source, '?', mode, optimize=optimize)
 
-                # test we can await-eval,
-                globals_ = {'asyncio': asyncio, 'a': 0, 'arange': arange}
-                asyncio.run(eval(co, globals_))
-                self.assertEqual(globals_['a'], 1)
+                    co = compile(source,
+                                '?',
+                                mode,
+                                flags=ast.PyCF_ALLOW_TOP_LEVEL_AWAIT,
+                                optimize=optimize)
+
+                    self.assertEqual(co.co_flags & CO_COROUTINE, CO_COROUTINE,
+                                    msg=f"source={source} mode={mode}")
+
+                    # test we can create and  advance a function type
+                    globals_ = {'asyncio': asyncio, 'a': 0, 'arange': arange}
+                    async_f = FunctionType(co, globals_)
+                    asyncio.run(async_f())
+                    self.assertEqual(globals_['a'], 1)
+
+                    # test we can await-eval,
+                    globals_ = {'asyncio': asyncio, 'a': 0, 'arange': arange}
+                    asyncio.run(eval(co, globals_))
+                    self.assertEqual(globals_['a'], 1)
         finally:
             asyncio.set_event_loop_policy(policy)
 
@@ -1758,6 +1780,8 @@ def test_sum(self):
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, sum, [], '')
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, sum, [], b'')
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, sum, [], bytearray())
+        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, sum, [1.0, 10**1000])
+        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, sum, [1j, 10**1000])
 
         class BadSeq:
             def __getitem__(self, index):
@@ -1768,6 +1792,11 @@ def __getitem__(self, index):
         sum(([x] for x in range(10)), empty)
         self.assertEqual(empty, [])
 
+        xs = [complex(random.random() - .5, random.random() - .5)
+              for _ in range(10000)]
+        self.assertEqual(sum(xs), complex(sum(z.real for z in xs),
+                                          sum(z.imag for z in xs)))
+
     @requires_IEEE_754
     @unittest.skipIf(HAVE_DOUBLE_ROUNDING,
                          "sum accuracy not guaranteed on machines with double rounding")
@@ -1775,6 +1804,13 @@ def __getitem__(self, index):
     def test_sum_accuracy(self):
         self.assertEqual(sum([0.1] * 10), 1.0)
         self.assertEqual(sum([1.0, 10E100, 1.0, -10E100]), 2.0)
+        self.assertEqual(sum([1.0, 10E100, 1.0, -10E100, 2j]), 2+2j)
+        self.assertEqual(sum([2+1j, 10E100j, 1j, -10E100j]), 2+2j)
+        self.assertEqual(sum([1j, 1, 10E100j, 1j, 1.0, -10E100j]), 2+2j)
+        self.assertEqual(sum([2j, 1., 10E100, 1., -10E100]), 2+2j)
+        self.assertEqual(sum([1.0, 10**100, 1.0, -10**100]), 2.0)
+        self.assertEqual(sum([2j, 1.0, 10**100, 1.0, -10**100]), 2+2j)
+        self.assertEqual(sum([0.1j]*10 + [fractions.Fraction(1, 10)]), 0.1+1j)
 
     def test_type(self):
         self.assertEqual(type(''),  type('123'))
@@ -2378,7 +2414,8 @@ def child(wpipe):
                 print(ascii(input(prompt)), file=wpipe)
             except BaseException as e:
                 print(ascii(f'{e.__class__.__name__}: {e!s}'), file=wpipe)
-        lines = self.run_child(child, terminal_input + b"\r\n")
+        with self.detach_readline():
+            lines = self.run_child(child, terminal_input + b"\r\n")
         # Check we did exercise the GNU readline path
         self.assertIn(lines[0], {'tty = True', 'tty = False'})
         if lines[0] != 'tty = True':
@@ -2391,28 +2428,36 @@ def child(wpipe):
                 expected = terminal_input.decode(sys.stdin.encoding)  # what else?
         self.assertEqual(input_result, expected)
 
-    def test_input_tty(self):
-        # Test input() functionality when wired to a tty (the code path
-        # is different and invokes GNU readline if available).
-        self.check_input_tty("prompt", b"quux")
-
-    def skip_if_readline(self):
+    @contextlib.contextmanager
+    def detach_readline(self):
         # bpo-13886: When the readline module is loaded, PyOS_Readline() uses
         # the readline implementation. In some cases, the Python readline
         # callback rlhandler() is called by readline with a string without
-        # non-ASCII characters. Skip tests on non-ASCII characters if the
-        # readline module is loaded, since test_builtin is not intended to test
+        # non-ASCII characters.
+        # Unlink readline temporarily from PyOS_Readline() for those tests,
+        # since test_builtin is not intended to test
         # the readline module, but the builtins module.
-        if 'readline' in sys.modules:
-            self.skipTest("the readline module is loaded")
+        if "readline" in sys.modules:
+            c = import_module("ctypes")
+            fp_api = "PyOS_ReadlineFunctionPointer"
+            prev_value = c.c_void_p.in_dll(c.pythonapi, fp_api).value
+            c.c_void_p.in_dll(c.pythonapi, fp_api).value = None
+            try:
+                yield
+            finally:
+                c.c_void_p.in_dll(c.pythonapi, fp_api).value = prev_value
+        else:
+            yield
+
+    def test_input_tty(self):
+        # Test input() functionality when wired to a tty
+        self.check_input_tty("prompt", b"quux")
 
     def test_input_tty_non_ascii(self):
-        self.skip_if_readline()
         # Check stdin/stdout encoding is used when invoking PyOS_Readline()
         self.check_input_tty("prompté", b"quux\xc3\xa9", "utf-8")
 
     def test_input_tty_non_ascii_unicode_errors(self):
-        self.skip_if_readline()
         # Check stdin/stdout error handler is used when invoking PyOS_Readline()
         self.check_input_tty("prompté", b"quux\xe9", "ascii")
 
@@ -2422,14 +2467,12 @@ def test_input_tty_null_in_prompt(self):
                          'null characters')
 
     def test_input_tty_nonencodable_prompt(self):
-        self.skip_if_readline()
         self.check_input_tty("prompté", b"quux", "ascii", stdout_errors='strict',
                 expected="UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode "
                          "character '\\xe9' in position 6: ordinal not in "
                          "range(128)")
 
     def test_input_tty_nondecodable_input(self):
-        self.skip_if_readline()
         self.check_input_tty("prompt", b"quux\xe9", "ascii", stdin_errors='strict',
                 expected="UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode "
                          "byte 0xe9 in position 4: ordinal not in "
@@ -2531,9 +2574,9 @@ def __del__(self):
 class ImmortalTests(unittest.TestCase):
 
     if sys.maxsize < (1 << 32):
-        IMMORTAL_REFCOUNT = (1 << 30) - 1
+        IMMORTAL_REFCOUNT = 3 << 29
     else:
-        IMMORTAL_REFCOUNT = (1 << 32) - 1
+        IMMORTAL_REFCOUNT = 3 << 30
 
     IMMORTALS = (None, True, False, Ellipsis, NotImplemented, *range(-5, 257))
 
@@ -2564,6 +2607,7 @@ def test_new_type(self):
         self.assertEqual(A.__module__, __name__)
         self.assertEqual(A.__bases__, (object,))
         self.assertIs(A.__base__, object)
+        self.assertNotIn('__firstlineno__', A.__dict__)
         x = A()
         self.assertIs(type(x), A)
         self.assertIs(x.__class__, A)
@@ -2642,6 +2686,17 @@ def test_type_qualname(self):
             A.__qualname__ = b'B'
         self.assertEqual(A.__qualname__, 'D.E')
 
+    def test_type_firstlineno(self):
+        A = type('A', (), {'__firstlineno__': 42})
+        self.assertEqual(A.__name__, 'A')
+        self.assertEqual(A.__module__, __name__)
+        self.assertEqual(A.__dict__['__firstlineno__'], 42)
+        A.__module__ = 'testmodule'
+        self.assertEqual(A.__module__, 'testmodule')
+        self.assertNotIn('__firstlineno__', A.__dict__)
+        A.__firstlineno__ = 43
+        self.assertEqual(A.__dict__['__firstlineno__'], 43)
+
     def test_type_typeparams(self):
         class A[T]:
             pass
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_bz2.py b/Lib/test/test_bz2.py
index e4d1381be5f340..7d786be1d25b1c 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_bz2.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_bz2.py
@@ -476,7 +476,6 @@ def testReadlinesNoNewline(self):
         self.assertEqual(xlines, [b'Test'])
 
     def testContextProtocol(self):
-        f = None
         with BZ2File(self.filename, "wb") as f:
             f.write(b"xxx")
         f = BZ2File(self.filename, "rb")
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_calendar.py b/Lib/test/test_calendar.py
index 1f9ffc5e9a5c33..f119d89c0ec39a 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_calendar.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_calendar.py
@@ -985,7 +985,7 @@ def assertFailure(self, *args):
     def test_help(self):
         stdout = self.run_cmd_ok('-h')
         self.assertIn(b'usage:', stdout)
-        self.assertIn(b'calendar.py', stdout)
+        self.assertIn(b' -m calendar ', stdout)
         self.assertIn(b'--help', stdout)
 
         # special case: stdout but sys.exit()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_call.py b/Lib/test/test_call.py
index 7ea27929138da3..68e3b2a0d4d932 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_call.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_call.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import unittest
 from test.support import (cpython_only, is_wasi, requires_limited_api, Py_DEBUG,
-                          set_recursion_limit, skip_on_s390x, import_helper)
+                          set_recursion_limit, skip_on_s390x)
 try:
     import _testcapi
 except ImportError:
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
 import itertools
 import gc
 import contextlib
-import sys
 import types
 
 
@@ -852,8 +851,13 @@ def get_a(x):
     @requires_limited_api
     def test_vectorcall_limited_incoming(self):
         from _testcapi import pyobject_vectorcall
-        obj = _testlimitedcapi.LimitedVectorCallClass()
-        self.assertEqual(pyobject_vectorcall(obj, (), ()), "vectorcall called")
+        for cls in (_testlimitedcapi.LimitedVectorCallClass,
+                    _testlimitedcapi.LimitedRelativeVectorCallClass):
+            with self.subTest(cls=cls):
+                obj = cls()
+                self.assertEqual(
+                    pyobject_vectorcall(obj, (), ()),
+                    "vectorcall called")
 
     @requires_limited_api
     def test_vectorcall_limited_outgoing(self):
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_capi/check_config.py b/Lib/test/test_capi/check_config.py
index eb99ae16f2b69e..bc4f3a0beb9c1e 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_capi/check_config.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_capi/check_config.py
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 def import_singlephase():
     assert '_testsinglephase' not in sys.modules
     try:
-        import _testsinglephase
+        import _testsinglephase  # noqa: F401
     except ImportError:
         sys.modules.pop('_testsinglephase', None)
         return False
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_capi/test_abstract.py b/Lib/test/test_capi/test_abstract.py
index bc39036e90bf8b..6a626813f23379 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_capi/test_abstract.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_capi/test_abstract.py
@@ -994,19 +994,52 @@ def test_sequence_tuple(self):
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, xtuple, 42)
         self.assertRaises(SystemError, xtuple, NULL)
 
-    def test_number_check(self):
-        number_check = _testlimitedcapi.number_check
-        self.assertTrue(number_check(1 + 1j))
-        self.assertTrue(number_check(1))
-        self.assertTrue(number_check(0.5))
-        self.assertFalse(number_check("1 + 1j"))
-
     def test_object_generichash(self):
         # Test PyObject_GenericHash()
         generichash = _testcapi.object_generichash
         for obj in object(), 1, 'string', []:
             self.assertEqual(generichash(obj), object.__hash__(obj))
 
+    def run_iter_api_test(self, next_func):
+        for data in (), [], (1, 2, 3), [1 , 2, 3], "123":
+            with self.subTest(data=data):
+                items = []
+                it = iter(data)
+                while (item := next_func(it)) is not None:
+                    items.append(item)
+                self.assertEqual(items, list(data))
+
+        class Broken:
+            def __init__(self):
+                self.count = 0
+
+            def __next__(self):
+                if self.count < 3:
+                    self.count += 1
+                    return self.count
+                else:
+                    raise TypeError('bad type')
+
+        it = Broken()
+        self.assertEqual(next_func(it), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(next_func(it), 2)
+        self.assertEqual(next_func(it), 3)
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, 'bad type'):
+            next_func(it)
+
+    def test_iter_next(self):
+        from _testcapi import PyIter_Next
+        self.run_iter_api_test(PyIter_Next)
+        # CRASHES PyIter_Next(10)
+
+    def test_iter_nextitem(self):
+        from _testcapi import PyIter_NextItem
+        self.run_iter_api_test(PyIter_NextItem)
+
+        regex = "expected.*iterator.*got.*'int'"
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, regex):
+            PyIter_NextItem(10)
+
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_capi/test_bytes.py b/Lib/test/test_capi/test_bytes.py
index f14d5545c829e5..5908d79e14029b 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_capi/test_bytes.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_capi/test_bytes.py
@@ -53,6 +53,8 @@ def test_fromstringandsize(self):
         self.assertEqual(fromstringandsize(b'abc'), b'abc')
         self.assertEqual(fromstringandsize(b'abc', 2), b'ab')
         self.assertEqual(fromstringandsize(b'abc\0def'), b'abc\0def')
+        self.assertEqual(fromstringandsize(b'a'), b'a')
+        self.assertEqual(fromstringandsize(b'a', 1), b'a')
         self.assertEqual(fromstringandsize(b'', 0), b'')
         self.assertEqual(fromstringandsize(NULL, 0), b'')
         self.assertEqual(len(fromstringandsize(NULL, 3)), 3)
@@ -247,6 +249,46 @@ def test_resize(self):
         # CRASHES resize(NULL, 0, False)
         # CRASHES resize(NULL, 3, False)
 
+    def test_join(self):
+        """Test PyBytes_Join()"""
+        bytes_join = _testcapi.bytes_join
+
+        self.assertEqual(bytes_join(b'', []), b'')
+        self.assertEqual(bytes_join(b'sep', []), b'')
+
+        self.assertEqual(bytes_join(b'', [b'a', b'b', b'c']), b'abc')
+        self.assertEqual(bytes_join(b'-', [b'a', b'b', b'c']), b'a-b-c')
+        self.assertEqual(bytes_join(b' - ', [b'a', b'b', b'c']), b'a - b - c')
+        self.assertEqual(bytes_join(b'-', [bytearray(b'abc'),
+                                           memoryview(b'def')]),
+                         b'abc-def')
+
+        self.assertEqual(bytes_join(b'-', iter([b'a', b'b', b'c'])), b'a-b-c')
+
+        # invalid 'sep' argument
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            bytes_join(bytearray(b'sep'), [])
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            bytes_join(memoryview(b'sep'), [])
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            bytes_join('', [])  # empty Unicode string
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            bytes_join('unicode', [])
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            bytes_join(123, [])
+        with self.assertRaises(SystemError):
+            self.assertEqual(bytes_join(NULL, [b'a', b'b', b'c']), b'abc')
+
+        # invalid 'iterable' argument
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            bytes_join(b'', [b'bytes', 'unicode'])
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            bytes_join(b'', [b'bytes', 123])
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            bytes_join(b'', 123)
+        with self.assertRaises(SystemError):
+            bytes_join(b'', NULL)
+
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_capi/test_codecs.py b/Lib/test/test_capi/test_codecs.py
index bd521a509d07ec..85491a89947318 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_capi/test_codecs.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_capi/test_codecs.py
@@ -1,13 +1,20 @@
-import unittest
+import codecs
+import contextlib
+import io
+import re
 import sys
+import unittest
+import unittest.mock as mock
+import _testcapi
 from test.support import import_helper
 
 _testlimitedcapi = import_helper.import_module('_testlimitedcapi')
 
 NULL = None
+BAD_ARGUMENT = re.escape('bad argument type for built-in operation')
 
 
-class CAPITest(unittest.TestCase):
+class CAPIUnicodeTest(unittest.TestCase):
     # TODO: Test the following functions:
     #
     #   PyUnicode_BuildEncodingMap
@@ -516,5 +523,291 @@ def test_asrawunicodeescapestring(self):
         # CRASHES asrawunicodeescapestring(NULL)
 
 
+class CAPICodecs(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        # Encoding names are normalized internally by converting them
+        # to lowercase and their hyphens are replaced by underscores.
+        self.encoding_name = 'test.test_capi.test_codecs.codec_reversed'
+        # Make sure that our custom codec is not already registered (that
+        # way we know whether we correctly unregistered the custom codec
+        # after a test or not).
+        self.assertRaises(LookupError, codecs.lookup, self.encoding_name)
+        # create the search function without registering yet
+        self._create_custom_codec()
+
+    def _create_custom_codec(self):
+        def codec_encoder(m, errors='strict'):
+            return (type(m)().join(reversed(m)), len(m))
+
+        def codec_decoder(c, errors='strict'):
+            return (type(c)().join(reversed(c)), len(c))
+
+        class IncrementalEncoder(codecs.IncrementalEncoder):
+            def encode(self, input, final=False):
+                return codec_encoder(input)
+
+        class IncrementalDecoder(codecs.IncrementalDecoder):
+            def decode(self, input, final=False):
+                return codec_decoder(input)
+
+        class StreamReader(codecs.StreamReader):
+            def encode(self, input, errors='strict'):
+                return codec_encoder(input, errors=errors)
+
+            def decode(self, input, errors='strict'):
+                return codec_decoder(input, errors=errors)
+
+        class StreamWriter(codecs.StreamWriter):
+            def encode(self, input, errors='strict'):
+                return codec_encoder(input, errors=errors)
+
+            def decode(self, input, errors='strict'):
+                return codec_decoder(input, errors=errors)
+
+        info = codecs.CodecInfo(
+            encode=codec_encoder,
+            decode=codec_decoder,
+            streamreader=StreamReader,
+            streamwriter=StreamWriter,
+            incrementalencoder=IncrementalEncoder,
+            incrementaldecoder=IncrementalDecoder,
+            name=self.encoding_name
+        )
+
+        def search_function(encoding):
+            if encoding == self.encoding_name:
+                return info
+            return None
+
+        self.codec_info = info
+        self.search_function = search_function
+
+    @contextlib.contextmanager
+    def use_custom_encoder(self):
+        self.assertRaises(LookupError, codecs.lookup, self.encoding_name)
+        codecs.register(self.search_function)
+        yield
+        codecs.unregister(self.search_function)
+        self.assertRaises(LookupError, codecs.lookup, self.encoding_name)
+
+    def test_codec_register(self):
+        search_function, encoding = self.search_function, self.encoding_name
+        # register the search function using the C API
+        self.assertIsNone(_testcapi.codec_register(search_function))
+        # in case the test failed before cleaning up
+        self.addCleanup(codecs.unregister, self.search_function)
+        self.assertIs(codecs.lookup(encoding), search_function(encoding))
+        self.assertEqual(codecs.encode('123', encoding=encoding), '321')
+        # unregister the search function using the regular API
+        codecs.unregister(search_function)
+        self.assertRaises(LookupError, codecs.lookup, encoding)
+
+    def test_codec_unregister(self):
+        search_function, encoding = self.search_function, self.encoding_name
+        self.assertRaises(LookupError, codecs.lookup, encoding)
+        # register the search function using the regular API
+        codecs.register(search_function)
+        # in case the test failed before cleaning up
+        self.addCleanup(codecs.unregister, self.search_function)
+        self.assertIsNotNone(codecs.lookup(encoding))
+        # unregister the search function using the C API
+        self.assertIsNone(_testcapi.codec_unregister(search_function))
+        self.assertRaises(LookupError, codecs.lookup, encoding)
+
+    def test_codec_known_encoding(self):
+        self.assertRaises(LookupError, codecs.lookup, 'unknown-codec')
+        self.assertFalse(_testcapi.codec_known_encoding('unknown-codec'))
+        self.assertFalse(_testcapi.codec_known_encoding('unknown_codec'))
+        self.assertFalse(_testcapi.codec_known_encoding('UNKNOWN-codec'))
+
+        encoding_name = self.encoding_name
+        self.assertRaises(LookupError, codecs.lookup, encoding_name)
+
+        codecs.register(self.search_function)
+        self.addCleanup(codecs.unregister, self.search_function)
+
+        for name in [
+            encoding_name,
+            encoding_name.upper(),
+            encoding_name.replace('_', '-'),
+        ]:
+            with self.subTest(name):
+                self.assertTrue(_testcapi.codec_known_encoding(name))
+
+    def test_codec_encode(self):
+        encode = _testcapi.codec_encode
+        self.assertEqual(encode('a', 'utf-8', NULL), b'a')
+        self.assertEqual(encode('a', 'utf-8', 'strict'), b'a')
+        self.assertEqual(encode('[é]', 'ascii', 'ignore'), b'[]')
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, encode, NULL, 'ascii', 'strict')
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, BAD_ARGUMENT):
+            encode('a', NULL, 'strict')
+
+    def test_codec_decode(self):
+        decode = _testcapi.codec_decode
+
+        s = 'a\xa1\u4f60\U0001f600'
+        b = s.encode()
+
+        self.assertEqual(decode(b, 'utf-8', 'strict'), s)
+        self.assertEqual(decode(b, 'utf-8', NULL), s)
+        self.assertEqual(decode(b, 'latin1', 'strict'), b.decode('latin1'))
+        self.assertRaises(UnicodeDecodeError, decode, b, 'ascii', 'strict')
+        self.assertRaises(UnicodeDecodeError, decode, b, 'ascii', NULL)
+        self.assertEqual(decode(b, 'ascii', 'replace'), 'a' + '\ufffd'*9)
+
+        # _codecs.decode() only reports an unknown error handling name when
+        # the corresponding error handling function is used; this difers
+        # from PyUnicode_Decode() which checks that both the encoding and
+        # the error handling name are recognized before even attempting to
+        # call the decoder.
+        self.assertEqual(decode(b'', 'utf-8', 'unknown-error-handler'), '')
+        self.assertEqual(decode(b'a', 'utf-8', 'unknown-error-handler'), 'a')
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, decode, NULL, 'ascii', 'strict')
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, BAD_ARGUMENT):
+            decode(b, NULL, 'strict')
+
+    def test_codec_encoder(self):
+        codec_encoder = _testcapi.codec_encoder
+
+        with self.use_custom_encoder():
+            encoder = codec_encoder(self.encoding_name)
+            self.assertIs(encoder, self.codec_info.encode)
+
+            with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, BAD_ARGUMENT):
+                codec_encoder(NULL)
+
+    def test_codec_decoder(self):
+        codec_decoder = _testcapi.codec_decoder
+
+        with self.use_custom_encoder():
+            decoder = codec_decoder(self.encoding_name)
+            self.assertIs(decoder, self.codec_info.decode)
+
+            with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, BAD_ARGUMENT):
+                codec_decoder(NULL)
+
+    def test_codec_incremental_encoder(self):
+        codec_incremental_encoder = _testcapi.codec_incremental_encoder
+
+        with self.use_custom_encoder():
+            encoding = self.encoding_name
+
+            for errors in ['strict', NULL]:
+                with self.subTest(errors):
+                    encoder = codec_incremental_encoder(encoding, errors)
+                    self.assertIsInstance(encoder, self.codec_info.incrementalencoder)
+
+            with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, BAD_ARGUMENT):
+                codec_incremental_encoder(NULL, 'strict')
+
+    def test_codec_incremental_decoder(self):
+        codec_incremental_decoder = _testcapi.codec_incremental_decoder
+
+        with self.use_custom_encoder():
+            encoding = self.encoding_name
+
+            for errors in ['strict', NULL]:
+                with self.subTest(errors):
+                    decoder = codec_incremental_decoder(encoding, errors)
+                    self.assertIsInstance(decoder, self.codec_info.incrementaldecoder)
+
+            with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, BAD_ARGUMENT):
+                codec_incremental_decoder(NULL, 'strict')
+
+    def test_codec_stream_reader(self):
+        codec_stream_reader = _testcapi.codec_stream_reader
+
+        with self.use_custom_encoder():
+            encoding, stream = self.encoding_name, io.StringIO()
+            for errors in ['strict', NULL]:
+                with self.subTest(errors):
+                    writer = codec_stream_reader(encoding, stream, errors)
+                    self.assertIsInstance(writer, self.codec_info.streamreader)
+
+            with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, BAD_ARGUMENT):
+                codec_stream_reader(NULL, stream, 'strict')
+
+    def test_codec_stream_writer(self):
+        codec_stream_writer = _testcapi.codec_stream_writer
+
+        with self.use_custom_encoder():
+            encoding, stream = self.encoding_name, io.StringIO()
+            for errors in ['strict', NULL]:
+                with self.subTest(errors):
+                    writer = codec_stream_writer(encoding, stream, errors)
+                    self.assertIsInstance(writer, self.codec_info.streamwriter)
+
+            with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, BAD_ARGUMENT):
+                codec_stream_writer(NULL, stream, 'strict')
+
+
+class CAPICodecErrors(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def test_codec_register_error(self):
+        # for cleaning up between tests
+        from _codecs import _unregister_error as _codecs_unregister_error
+
+        self.assertRaises(LookupError, _testcapi.codec_lookup_error, 'custom')
+
+        def custom_error_handler(exc):
+            raise exc
+
+        error_handler = mock.Mock(wraps=custom_error_handler)
+        _testcapi.codec_register_error('custom', error_handler)
+        self.addCleanup(_codecs_unregister_error, 'custom')
+
+        self.assertRaises(UnicodeEncodeError, codecs.encode,
+                          '\xff', 'ascii', errors='custom')
+        error_handler.assert_called_once()
+        error_handler.reset_mock()
+
+        self.assertRaises(UnicodeDecodeError, codecs.decode,
+                          b'\xff', 'ascii', errors='custom')
+        error_handler.assert_called_once()
+
+    # _codecs._unregister_error directly delegates to the internal C
+    # function so a Python-level function test is sufficient (it is
+    # tested in test_codeccallbacks).
+
+    def test_codec_lookup_error(self):
+        codec_lookup_error = _testcapi.codec_lookup_error
+        self.assertIs(codec_lookup_error(NULL), codecs.strict_errors)
+        self.assertIs(codec_lookup_error('strict'), codecs.strict_errors)
+        self.assertIs(codec_lookup_error('ignore'), codecs.ignore_errors)
+        self.assertIs(codec_lookup_error('replace'), codecs.replace_errors)
+        self.assertIs(codec_lookup_error('xmlcharrefreplace'), codecs.xmlcharrefreplace_errors)
+        self.assertIs(codec_lookup_error('namereplace'), codecs.namereplace_errors)
+        self.assertRaises(LookupError, codec_lookup_error, 'unknown')
+
+    def test_codec_error_handlers(self):
+        exceptions = [
+            # A UnicodeError with an empty message currently crashes:
+            # See: https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/123378
+            # UnicodeEncodeError('bad', '', 0, 1, 'reason'),
+            UnicodeEncodeError('bad', 'x', 0, 1, 'reason'),
+            UnicodeEncodeError('bad', 'xyz123', 0, 1, 'reason'),
+            UnicodeEncodeError('bad', 'xyz123', 1, 4, 'reason'),
+        ]
+
+        strict_handler = _testcapi.codec_strict_errors
+        for exc in exceptions:
+            with self.subTest(handler=strict_handler, exc=exc):
+                self.assertRaises(UnicodeEncodeError, strict_handler, exc)
+
+        for handler in [
+            _testcapi.codec_ignore_errors,
+            _testcapi.codec_replace_errors,
+            _testcapi.codec_xmlcharrefreplace_errors,
+            _testlimitedcapi.codec_namereplace_errors,
+        ]:
+            for exc in exceptions:
+                with self.subTest(handler=handler, exc=exc):
+                    self.assertIsInstance(handler(exc), tuple)
+
+
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_capi/test_complex.py b/Lib/test/test_capi/test_complex.py
index 328ea12f97462c..368edfbf2ce97e 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_capi/test_complex.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_capi/test_complex.py
@@ -226,7 +226,11 @@ def test_py_c_pow(self):
 
         self.assertEqual(_py_c_pow(0j, -1)[1], errno.EDOM)
         self.assertEqual(_py_c_pow(0j, 1j)[1], errno.EDOM)
-        self.assertEqual(_py_c_pow(*[DBL_MAX+1j]*2)[0], complex(*[INF]*2))
+        max_num = DBL_MAX+1j
+        self.assertEqual(_py_c_pow(max_num, max_num),
+                         (complex(INF, INF), errno.ERANGE))
+        self.assertEqual(_py_c_pow(max_num, 2),
+                         (complex(INF, INF), errno.ERANGE))
 
 
     def test_py_c_abs(self):
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_capi/test_config.py b/Lib/test/test_capi/test_config.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..71fb9ae45c7c30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/test_capi/test_config.py
@@ -0,0 +1,379 @@
+"""
+Tests PyConfig_Get() and PyConfig_Set() C API (PEP 741).
+"""
+import os
+import sys
+import sysconfig
+import types
+import unittest
+from test import support
+from test.support import import_helper
+
+_testcapi = import_helper.import_module('_testcapi')
+
+
+# Is the Py_STATS macro defined?
+Py_STATS = hasattr(sys, '_stats_on')
+
+
+class CAPITests(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_config_get(self):
+        # Test PyConfig_Get()
+        config_get = _testcapi.config_get
+        config_names = _testcapi.config_names
+
+        TEST_VALUE = {
+            str: "TEST_MARKER_STR",
+            str | None: "TEST_MARKER_OPT_STR",
+            list[str]: ("TEST_MARKER_STR_TUPLE",),
+            dict[str, str | bool]: {"x": "value", "y": True},
+        }
+
+        # read config options and check their type
+        options = [
+            ("allocator", int, None),
+            ("argv", list[str], "argv"),
+            ("base_exec_prefix", str | None, "base_exec_prefix"),
+            ("base_executable", str | None, "_base_executable"),
+            ("base_prefix", str | None, "base_prefix"),
+            ("buffered_stdio", bool, None),
+            ("bytes_warning", int, None),
+            ("check_hash_pycs_mode", str, None),
+            ("code_debug_ranges", bool, None),
+            ("configure_c_stdio", bool, None),
+            ("coerce_c_locale", bool, None),
+            ("coerce_c_locale_warn", bool, None),
+            ("configure_locale", bool, None),
+            ("cpu_count", int, None),
+            ("dev_mode", bool, None),
+            ("dump_refs", bool, None),
+            ("dump_refs_file", str | None, None),
+            ("exec_prefix", str | None, "exec_prefix"),
+            ("executable", str | None, "executable"),
+            ("faulthandler", bool, None),
+            ("filesystem_encoding", str, None),
+            ("filesystem_errors", str, None),
+            ("hash_seed", int, None),
+            ("home", str | None, None),
+            ("import_time", bool, None),
+            ("inspect", bool, None),
+            ("install_signal_handlers", bool, None),
+            ("int_max_str_digits", int, None),
+            ("interactive", bool, None),
+            ("isolated", bool, None),
+            ("malloc_stats", bool, None),
+            ("module_search_paths", list[str], "path"),
+            ("optimization_level", int, None),
+            ("orig_argv", list[str], "orig_argv"),
+            ("parser_debug", bool, None),
+            ("parse_argv", bool, None),
+            ("pathconfig_warnings", bool, None),
+            ("perf_profiling", int, None),
+            ("platlibdir", str, "platlibdir"),
+            ("prefix", str | None, "prefix"),
+            ("program_name", str, None),
+            ("pycache_prefix", str | None, "pycache_prefix"),
+            ("quiet", bool, None),
+            ("run_command", str | None, None),
+            ("run_filename", str | None, None),
+            ("run_module", str | None, None),
+            ("safe_path", bool, None),
+            ("show_ref_count", bool, None),
+            ("site_import", bool, None),
+            ("skip_source_first_line", bool, None),
+            ("stdio_encoding", str, None),
+            ("stdio_errors", str, None),
+            ("stdlib_dir", str | None, "_stdlib_dir"),
+            ("tracemalloc", int, None),
+            ("use_environment", bool, None),
+            ("use_frozen_modules", bool, None),
+            ("use_hash_seed", bool, None),
+            ("user_site_directory", bool, None),
+            ("utf8_mode", bool, None),
+            ("verbose", int, None),
+            ("warn_default_encoding", bool, None),
+            ("warnoptions", list[str], "warnoptions"),
+            ("write_bytecode", bool, None),
+            ("xoptions", dict[str, str | bool], "_xoptions"),
+        ]
+        if support.Py_DEBUG:
+            options.append(("run_presite", str | None, None))
+        if sysconfig.get_config_var('Py_GIL_DISABLED'):
+            options.append(("enable_gil", int, None))
+        if support.MS_WINDOWS:
+            options.extend((
+                ("legacy_windows_stdio", bool, None),
+                ("legacy_windows_fs_encoding", bool, None),
+            ))
+        if Py_STATS:
+            options.extend((
+                ("_pystats", bool, None),
+            ))
+
+        for name, option_type, sys_attr in options:
+            with self.subTest(name=name, option_type=option_type,
+                              sys_attr=sys_attr):
+                value = config_get(name)
+                if isinstance(option_type, types.GenericAlias):
+                    self.assertIsInstance(value, option_type.__origin__)
+                    if option_type.__origin__ == dict:
+                        key_type = option_type.__args__[0]
+                        value_type = option_type.__args__[1]
+                        for item in value.items():
+                            self.assertIsInstance(item[0], key_type)
+                            self.assertIsInstance(item[1], value_type)
+                    else:
+                        item_type = option_type.__args__[0]
+                        for item in value:
+                            self.assertIsInstance(item, item_type)
+                else:
+                    self.assertIsInstance(value, option_type)
+
+                if sys_attr is not None:
+                    expected = getattr(sys, sys_attr)
+                    self.assertEqual(expected, value)
+
+                    override = TEST_VALUE[option_type]
+                    with support.swap_attr(sys, sys_attr, override):
+                        self.assertEqual(config_get(name), override)
+
+        # check that the test checks all options
+        self.assertEqual(sorted(name for name, option_type, sys_attr in options),
+                         sorted(config_names()))
+
+    def test_config_get_sys_flags(self):
+        # Test PyConfig_Get()
+        config_get = _testcapi.config_get
+
+        # compare config options with sys.flags
+        for flag, name, negate in (
+            ("debug", "parser_debug", False),
+            ("inspect", "inspect", False),
+            ("interactive", "interactive", False),
+            ("optimize", "optimization_level", False),
+            ("dont_write_bytecode", "write_bytecode", True),
+            ("no_user_site", "user_site_directory", True),
+            ("no_site", "site_import", True),
+            ("ignore_environment", "use_environment", True),
+            ("verbose", "verbose", False),
+            ("bytes_warning", "bytes_warning", False),
+            ("quiet", "quiet", False),
+            # "hash_randomization" is tested below
+            ("isolated", "isolated", False),
+            ("dev_mode", "dev_mode", False),
+            ("utf8_mode", "utf8_mode", False),
+            ("warn_default_encoding", "warn_default_encoding", False),
+            ("safe_path", "safe_path", False),
+            ("int_max_str_digits", "int_max_str_digits", False),
+            # "gil" is tested below
+        ):
+            with self.subTest(flag=flag, name=name, negate=negate):
+                value = config_get(name)
+                if negate:
+                    value = not value
+                self.assertEqual(getattr(sys.flags, flag), value)
+
+        self.assertEqual(sys.flags.hash_randomization,
+                         config_get('use_hash_seed') == 0
+                         or config_get('hash_seed') != 0)
+
+        if sysconfig.get_config_var('Py_GIL_DISABLED'):
+            value = config_get('enable_gil')
+            expected = (value if value != -1 else None)
+            self.assertEqual(sys.flags.gil, expected)
+
+    def test_config_get_non_existent(self):
+        # Test PyConfig_Get() on non-existent option name
+        config_get = _testcapi.config_get
+        nonexistent_key = 'NONEXISTENT_KEY'
+        err_msg = f'unknown config option name: {nonexistent_key}'
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, err_msg):
+            config_get(nonexistent_key)
+
+    def test_config_get_write_bytecode(self):
+        # PyConfig_Get("write_bytecode") gets sys.dont_write_bytecode
+        # as an integer
+        config_get = _testcapi.config_get
+        with support.swap_attr(sys, "dont_write_bytecode", 0):
+            self.assertEqual(config_get('write_bytecode'), 1)
+        with support.swap_attr(sys, "dont_write_bytecode", "yes"):
+            self.assertEqual(config_get('write_bytecode'), 0)
+        with support.swap_attr(sys, "dont_write_bytecode", []):
+            self.assertEqual(config_get('write_bytecode'), 1)
+
+    def test_config_getint(self):
+        # Test PyConfig_GetInt()
+        config_getint = _testcapi.config_getint
+
+        # PyConfig_MEMBER_INT type
+        self.assertEqual(config_getint('verbose'), sys.flags.verbose)
+
+        # PyConfig_MEMBER_UINT type
+        self.assertEqual(config_getint('isolated'), sys.flags.isolated)
+
+        # PyConfig_MEMBER_ULONG type
+        self.assertIsInstance(config_getint('hash_seed'), int)
+
+        # PyPreConfig member
+        self.assertIsInstance(config_getint('allocator'), int)
+
+        # platlibdir type is str
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            config_getint('platlibdir')
+
+    def test_get_config_names(self):
+        names = _testcapi.config_names()
+        self.assertIsInstance(names, frozenset)
+        for name in names:
+            self.assertIsInstance(name, str)
+
+    def test_config_set_sys_attr(self):
+        # Test PyConfig_Set() with sys attributes
+        config_get = _testcapi.config_get
+        config_set = _testcapi.config_set
+
+        # mutable configuration option mapped to sys attributes
+        for name, sys_attr, option_type in (
+            ('argv', 'argv', list[str]),
+            ('base_exec_prefix', 'base_exec_prefix', str | None),
+            ('base_executable', '_base_executable', str | None),
+            ('base_prefix', 'base_prefix', str | None),
+            ('exec_prefix', 'exec_prefix', str | None),
+            ('executable', 'executable', str | None),
+            ('module_search_paths', 'path', list[str]),
+            ('platlibdir', 'platlibdir', str),
+            ('prefix', 'prefix', str | None),
+            ('pycache_prefix', 'pycache_prefix', str | None),
+            ('stdlib_dir', '_stdlib_dir', str | None),
+            ('warnoptions', 'warnoptions', list[str]),
+            ('xoptions', '_xoptions', dict[str, str | bool]),
+        ):
+            with self.subTest(name=name):
+                if option_type == str:
+                    test_values = ('TEST_REPLACE',)
+                    invalid_types = (1, None)
+                elif option_type == str | None:
+                    test_values = ('TEST_REPLACE', None)
+                    invalid_types = (123,)
+                elif option_type == list[str]:
+                    test_values = (['TEST_REPLACE'], [])
+                    invalid_types = ('text', 123, [123])
+                else:  # option_type == dict[str, str | bool]:
+                    test_values = ({"x": "value", "y": True},)
+                    invalid_types = ('text', 123, ['option'],
+                                     {123: 'value'},
+                                     {'key': b'bytes'})
+
+                old_opt_value = config_get(name)
+                old_sys_value = getattr(sys, sys_attr)
+                try:
+                    for value in test_values:
+                        config_set(name, value)
+                        self.assertEqual(config_get(name), value)
+                        self.assertEqual(getattr(sys, sys_attr), value)
+
+                    for value in invalid_types:
+                        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+                            config_set(name, value)
+                finally:
+                    setattr(sys, sys_attr, old_sys_value)
+                    config_set(name, old_opt_value)
+
+    def test_config_set_sys_flag(self):
+        # Test PyConfig_Set() with sys.flags
+        config_get = _testcapi.config_get
+        config_set = _testcapi.config_set
+
+        # mutable configuration option mapped to sys.flags
+        class unsigned_int(int):
+            pass
+
+        def expect_int(value):
+            value = int(value)
+            return (value, value)
+
+        def expect_bool(value):
+            value = int(bool(value))
+            return (value, value)
+
+        def expect_bool_not(value):
+            value = bool(value)
+            return (int(value), int(not value))
+
+        for name, sys_flag, option_type, expect_func in (
+            # (some flags cannot be set, see comments below.)
+            ('parser_debug', 'debug', bool, expect_bool),
+            ('inspect', 'inspect', bool, expect_bool),
+            ('interactive', 'interactive', bool, expect_bool),
+            ('optimization_level', 'optimize', unsigned_int, expect_int),
+            ('write_bytecode', 'dont_write_bytecode', bool, expect_bool_not),
+            # user_site_directory
+            # site_import
+            ('use_environment', 'ignore_environment', bool, expect_bool_not),
+            ('verbose', 'verbose', unsigned_int, expect_int),
+            ('bytes_warning', 'bytes_warning', unsigned_int, expect_int),
+            ('quiet', 'quiet', bool, expect_bool),
+            # hash_randomization
+            # isolated
+            # dev_mode
+            # utf8_mode
+            # warn_default_encoding
+            # safe_path
+            ('int_max_str_digits', 'int_max_str_digits', unsigned_int, expect_int),
+            # gil
+        ):
+            if name == "int_max_str_digits":
+                new_values = (0, 5_000, 999_999)
+                invalid_values = (-1, 40)  # value must 0 or >= 4300
+                invalid_types = (1.0, "abc")
+            elif option_type == int:
+                new_values = (False, True, 0, 1, 5, -5)
+                invalid_values = ()
+                invalid_types = (1.0, "abc")
+            else:
+                new_values = (False, True, 0, 1, 5)
+                invalid_values = (-5,)
+                invalid_types = (1.0, "abc")
+
+            with self.subTest(name=name):
+                old_value = config_get(name)
+                try:
+                    for value in new_values:
+                        expected, expect_flag = expect_func(value)
+
+                        config_set(name, value)
+                        self.assertEqual(config_get(name), expected)
+                        self.assertEqual(getattr(sys.flags, sys_flag), expect_flag)
+                        if name == "write_bytecode":
+                            self.assertEqual(getattr(sys, "dont_write_bytecode"),
+                                             expect_flag)
+                        if name == "int_max_str_digits":
+                            self.assertEqual(sys.get_int_max_str_digits(),
+                                             expect_flag)
+
+                    for value in invalid_values:
+                        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+                            config_set(name, value)
+
+                    for value in invalid_types:
+                        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+                            config_set(name, value)
+                finally:
+                    config_set(name, old_value)
+
+    def test_config_set_read_only(self):
+        # Test PyConfig_Set() on read-only options
+        config_set = _testcapi.config_set
+        for name, value in (
+            ("allocator", 0),  # PyPreConfig member
+            ("cpu_count", 8),
+            ("dev_mode", True),
+            ("filesystem_encoding", "utf-8"),
+        ):
+            with self.subTest(name=name, value=value):
+                with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, r"read-only"):
+                    config_set(name, value)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_capi/test_eval.py b/Lib/test/test_capi/test_eval.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..20ef2695ef3e27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/test_capi/test_eval.py
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+import sys
+import unittest
+from test.support import import_helper
+
+_testlimitedcapi = import_helper.import_module('_testlimitedcapi')
+
+
+class Tests(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_eval_get_func_name(self):
+        eval_get_func_name = _testlimitedcapi.eval_get_func_name
+
+        def function_example(): ...
+
+        class A:
+            def method_example(self): ...
+
+        self.assertEqual(eval_get_func_name(function_example),
+                         "function_example")
+        self.assertEqual(eval_get_func_name(A.method_example),
+                         "method_example")
+        self.assertEqual(eval_get_func_name(A().method_example),
+                         "method_example")
+        self.assertEqual(eval_get_func_name(sum), "sum")  # c function
+        self.assertEqual(eval_get_func_name(A), "type")
+
+    def test_eval_get_func_desc(self):
+        eval_get_func_desc = _testlimitedcapi.eval_get_func_desc
+
+        def function_example(): ...
+
+        class A:
+            def method_example(self): ...
+
+        self.assertEqual(eval_get_func_desc(function_example),
+                         "()")
+        self.assertEqual(eval_get_func_desc(A.method_example),
+                         "()")
+        self.assertEqual(eval_get_func_desc(A().method_example),
+                         "()")
+        self.assertEqual(eval_get_func_desc(sum), "()")  # c function
+        self.assertEqual(eval_get_func_desc(A), " object")
+
+    def test_eval_getlocals(self):
+        # Test PyEval_GetLocals()
+        x = 1
+        self.assertEqual(_testlimitedcapi.eval_getlocals(),
+            {'self': self,
+             'x': 1})
+
+        y = 2
+        self.assertEqual(_testlimitedcapi.eval_getlocals(),
+            {'self': self,
+             'x': 1,
+             'y': 2})
+
+    def test_eval_getglobals(self):
+        # Test PyEval_GetGlobals()
+        self.assertEqual(_testlimitedcapi.eval_getglobals(),
+                         globals())
+
+    def test_eval_getbuiltins(self):
+        # Test PyEval_GetBuiltins()
+        self.assertEqual(_testlimitedcapi.eval_getbuiltins(),
+                         globals()['__builtins__'])
+
+    def test_eval_getframe(self):
+        # Test PyEval_GetFrame()
+        self.assertEqual(_testlimitedcapi.eval_getframe(),
+                         sys._getframe())
+
+    def test_eval_getframe_builtins(self):
+        # Test PyEval_GetFrameBuiltins()
+        self.assertEqual(_testlimitedcapi.eval_getframe_builtins(),
+                         sys._getframe().f_builtins)
+
+    def test_eval_getframe_globals(self):
+        # Test PyEval_GetFrameGlobals()
+        self.assertEqual(_testlimitedcapi.eval_getframe_globals(),
+                         sys._getframe().f_globals)
+
+    def test_eval_getframe_locals(self):
+        # Test PyEval_GetFrameLocals()
+        self.assertEqual(_testlimitedcapi.eval_getframe_locals(),
+                         sys._getframe().f_locals)
+
+    def test_eval_get_recursion_limit(self):
+        # Test Py_GetRecursionLimit()
+        self.assertEqual(_testlimitedcapi.eval_get_recursion_limit(),
+                         sys.getrecursionlimit())
+
+    def test_eval_set_recursion_limit(self):
+        # Test Py_SetRecursionLimit()
+        old_limit = sys.getrecursionlimit()
+        try:
+            limit = old_limit + 123
+            _testlimitedcapi.eval_set_recursion_limit(limit)
+            self.assertEqual(sys.getrecursionlimit(), limit)
+        finally:
+            sys.setrecursionlimit(old_limit)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_capi/test_exceptions.py b/Lib/test/test_capi/test_exceptions.py
index c475b6d78d0c56..b22ddd8ad858d4 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_capi/test_exceptions.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_capi/test_exceptions.py
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ def __del__(self):
         ''')
         proc = assert_python_ok("-c", code)
         warnings = proc.err.splitlines()
-        # Due to the finalization of the interpreter, the source will be ommited
+        # Due to the finalization of the interpreter, the source will be omitted
         # because the ``warnings`` module cannot be imported at this time
         self.assertEqual(warnings, [
             b'<string>:7: RuntimeWarning: Testing PyErr_WarnEx',
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_capi/test_getargs.py b/Lib/test/test_capi/test_getargs.py
index 232aa2a80025dc..703d228f92e713 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_capi/test_getargs.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_capi/test_getargs.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 from test.support import import_helper
 from test.support import script_helper
 from test.support import warnings_helper
+from test.support.testcase import FloatsAreIdenticalMixin
 # Skip this test if the _testcapi module isn't available.
 _testcapi = import_helper.import_module('_testcapi')
 from _testcapi import getargs_keywords, getargs_keyword_only
@@ -436,11 +437,7 @@ def test_K(self):
         self.assertEqual(VERY_LARGE & ULLONG_MAX, getargs_K(VERY_LARGE))
 
 
-class Float_TestCase(unittest.TestCase):
-    def assertEqualWithSign(self, actual, expected):
-        self.assertEqual(actual, expected)
-        self.assertEqual(math.copysign(1, actual), math.copysign(1, expected))
-
+class Float_TestCase(unittest.TestCase, FloatsAreIdenticalMixin):
     def test_f(self):
         from _testcapi import getargs_f
         self.assertEqual(getargs_f(4.25), 4.25)
@@ -462,10 +459,10 @@ def test_f(self):
             self.assertEqual(getargs_f(DBL_MAX), INF)
             self.assertEqual(getargs_f(-DBL_MAX), -INF)
         if FLT_MIN > DBL_MIN:
-            self.assertEqualWithSign(getargs_f(DBL_MIN), 0.0)
-            self.assertEqualWithSign(getargs_f(-DBL_MIN), -0.0)
-        self.assertEqualWithSign(getargs_f(0.0), 0.0)
-        self.assertEqualWithSign(getargs_f(-0.0), -0.0)
+            self.assertFloatsAreIdentical(getargs_f(DBL_MIN), 0.0)
+            self.assertFloatsAreIdentical(getargs_f(-DBL_MIN), -0.0)
+        self.assertFloatsAreIdentical(getargs_f(0.0), 0.0)
+        self.assertFloatsAreIdentical(getargs_f(-0.0), -0.0)
         r = getargs_f(NAN)
         self.assertNotEqual(r, r)
 
@@ -494,8 +491,8 @@ def test_d(self):
             self.assertEqual(getargs_d(x), x)
         self.assertRaises(OverflowError, getargs_d, 1<<DBL_MAX_EXP)
         self.assertRaises(OverflowError, getargs_d, -1<<DBL_MAX_EXP)
-        self.assertEqualWithSign(getargs_d(0.0), 0.0)
-        self.assertEqualWithSign(getargs_d(-0.0), -0.0)
+        self.assertFloatsAreIdentical(getargs_d(0.0), 0.0)
+        self.assertFloatsAreIdentical(getargs_d(-0.0), -0.0)
         r = getargs_d(NAN)
         self.assertNotEqual(r, r)
 
@@ -519,10 +516,10 @@ def test_D(self):
             self.assertEqual(getargs_D(c), c)
             c = complex(1.0, x)
             self.assertEqual(getargs_D(c), c)
-        self.assertEqualWithSign(getargs_D(complex(0.0, 1.0)).real, 0.0)
-        self.assertEqualWithSign(getargs_D(complex(-0.0, 1.0)).real, -0.0)
-        self.assertEqualWithSign(getargs_D(complex(1.0, 0.0)).imag, 0.0)
-        self.assertEqualWithSign(getargs_D(complex(1.0, -0.0)).imag, -0.0)
+        self.assertFloatsAreIdentical(getargs_D(complex(0.0, 1.0)).real, 0.0)
+        self.assertFloatsAreIdentical(getargs_D(complex(-0.0, 1.0)).real, -0.0)
+        self.assertFloatsAreIdentical(getargs_D(complex(1.0, 0.0)).imag, 0.0)
+        self.assertFloatsAreIdentical(getargs_D(complex(1.0, -0.0)).imag, -0.0)
 
 
 class Paradox:
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_capi/test_hash.py b/Lib/test/test_capi/test_hash.py
index 8436da7c32df10..f553ffb0d90f33 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_capi/test_hash.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_capi/test_hash.py
@@ -77,3 +77,17 @@ def python_hash_pointer(x):
         # Py_HashPointer((void*)(uintptr_t)-1) doesn't return -1 but -2
         VOID_P_MAX = -1 & (2 ** (8 * SIZEOF_VOID_P) - 1)
         self.assertEqual(hash_pointer(VOID_P_MAX), -2)
+
+    def test_hash_buffer(self):
+        hash_buffer = _testcapi.hash_buffer
+
+        def check(data):
+            self.assertEqual(hash_buffer(data), hash(data))
+
+        check(b'')
+        check(b'abc')
+        check(b'x' * 1024)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_capi/test_list.py b/Lib/test/test_capi/test_list.py
index 0896a971f5c727..fb3cb3c8769687 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_capi/test_list.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_capi/test_list.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-import gc
-import weakref
 import unittest
 from test.support import import_helper
 from collections import UserList
@@ -347,3 +345,7 @@ def test_list_extend(self):
 
         # CRASHES list_extend(NULL, [])
         # CRASHES list_extend([], NULL)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_capi/test_long.py b/Lib/test/test_capi/test_long.py
index 06a29b5a0505b4..925fccd660bde3 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_capi/test_long.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_capi/test_long.py
@@ -162,224 +162,125 @@ def test_long_fromunicodeobject(self):
         # CRASHES fromunicodeobject(NULL, 0)
         # CRASHES fromunicodeobject(NULL, 16)
 
+    def check_long_asint(self, func, min_val, max_val, *,
+                         use_index=True,
+                         mask=False,
+                         negative_value_error=OverflowError):
+        # round trip (object -> C integer -> object)
+        values = (0, 1, 1234, max_val)
+        if min_val < 0:
+            values += (-1, min_val)
+        for value in values:
+            with self.subTest(value=value):
+                self.assertEqual(func(value), value)
+                self.assertEqual(func(IntSubclass(value)), value)
+                if use_index:
+                    self.assertEqual(func(Index(value)), value)
+
+        if use_index:
+            self.assertEqual(func(MyIndexAndInt()), 10)
+        else:
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, func, Index(42))
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, func, MyIndexAndInt())
+
+        if mask:
+            self.assertEqual(func(min_val - 1), max_val)
+            self.assertEqual(func(max_val + 1), min_val)
+            self.assertEqual(func(-1 << 1000), 0)
+            self.assertEqual(func(1 << 1000), 0)
+        else:
+            self.assertRaises(negative_value_error, func, min_val - 1)
+            self.assertRaises(negative_value_error, func, -1 << 1000)
+            self.assertRaises(OverflowError, func, max_val + 1)
+            self.assertRaises(OverflowError, func, 1 << 1000)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, func, 1.0)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, func, b'2')
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, func, '3')
+        self.assertRaises(SystemError, func, NULL)
+
+    def check_long_asintandoverflow(self, func, min_val, max_val):
+        # round trip (object -> C integer -> object)
+        for value in (min_val, max_val, -1, 0, 1, 1234):
+            with self.subTest(value=value):
+                self.assertEqual(func(value), (value, 0))
+                self.assertEqual(func(IntSubclass(value)), (value, 0))
+                self.assertEqual(func(Index(value)), (value, 0))
+
+        self.assertEqual(func(MyIndexAndInt()), (10, 0))
+
+        self.assertEqual(func(min_val - 1), (-1, -1))
+        self.assertEqual(func(max_val + 1), (-1, +1))
+
+        # CRASHES func(1.0)
+        # CRASHES func(NULL)
+
     def test_long_asint(self):
         # Test PyLong_AsInt()
         PyLong_AsInt = _testlimitedcapi.PyLong_AsInt
         from _testcapi import INT_MIN, INT_MAX
-
-        # round trip (object -> int -> object)
-        for value in (INT_MIN, INT_MAX, -1, 0, 1, 123):
-            with self.subTest(value=value):
-                self.assertEqual(PyLong_AsInt(value), value)
-        self.assertEqual(PyLong_AsInt(IntSubclass(42)), 42)
-        self.assertEqual(PyLong_AsInt(Index(42)), 42)
-        self.assertEqual(PyLong_AsInt(MyIndexAndInt()), 10)
-
-        # bound checking
-        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, PyLong_AsInt, INT_MIN - 1)
-        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, PyLong_AsInt, INT_MAX + 1)
-
-        # invalid type
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, PyLong_AsInt, 1.0)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, PyLong_AsInt, b'2')
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, PyLong_AsInt, '3')
-        self.assertRaises(SystemError, PyLong_AsInt, NULL)
+        self.check_long_asint(PyLong_AsInt, INT_MIN, INT_MAX)
 
     def test_long_aslong(self):
         # Test PyLong_AsLong() and PyLong_FromLong()
         aslong = _testlimitedcapi.pylong_aslong
         from _testcapi import LONG_MIN, LONG_MAX
-        # round trip (object -> long -> object)
-        for value in (LONG_MIN, LONG_MAX, -1, 0, 1, 1234):
-            with self.subTest(value=value):
-                self.assertEqual(aslong(value), value)
-
-        self.assertEqual(aslong(IntSubclass(42)), 42)
-        self.assertEqual(aslong(Index(42)), 42)
-        self.assertEqual(aslong(MyIndexAndInt()), 10)
-
-        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, aslong, LONG_MIN - 1)
-        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, aslong, LONG_MAX + 1)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, aslong, 1.0)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, aslong, b'2')
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, aslong, '3')
-        self.assertRaises(SystemError, aslong, NULL)
+        self.check_long_asint(aslong, LONG_MIN, LONG_MAX)
 
     def test_long_aslongandoverflow(self):
         # Test PyLong_AsLongAndOverflow()
         aslongandoverflow = _testlimitedcapi.pylong_aslongandoverflow
         from _testcapi import LONG_MIN, LONG_MAX
-        # round trip (object -> long -> object)
-        for value in (LONG_MIN, LONG_MAX, -1, 0, 1, 1234):
-            with self.subTest(value=value):
-                self.assertEqual(aslongandoverflow(value), (value, 0))
-
-        self.assertEqual(aslongandoverflow(IntSubclass(42)), (42, 0))
-        self.assertEqual(aslongandoverflow(Index(42)), (42, 0))
-        self.assertEqual(aslongandoverflow(MyIndexAndInt()), (10, 0))
-
-        self.assertEqual(aslongandoverflow(LONG_MIN - 1), (-1, -1))
-        self.assertEqual(aslongandoverflow(LONG_MAX + 1), (-1, 1))
-        # CRASHES aslongandoverflow(1.0)
-        # CRASHES aslongandoverflow(NULL)
+        self.check_long_asintandoverflow(aslongandoverflow, LONG_MIN, LONG_MAX)
 
     def test_long_asunsignedlong(self):
         # Test PyLong_AsUnsignedLong() and PyLong_FromUnsignedLong()
         asunsignedlong = _testlimitedcapi.pylong_asunsignedlong
         from _testcapi import ULONG_MAX
-        # round trip (object -> unsigned long -> object)
-        for value in (ULONG_MAX, 0, 1, 1234):
-            with self.subTest(value=value):
-                self.assertEqual(asunsignedlong(value), value)
-
-        self.assertEqual(asunsignedlong(IntSubclass(42)), 42)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, asunsignedlong, Index(42))
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, asunsignedlong, MyIndexAndInt())
-
-        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, asunsignedlong, -1)
-        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, asunsignedlong, ULONG_MAX + 1)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, asunsignedlong, 1.0)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, asunsignedlong, b'2')
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, asunsignedlong, '3')
-        self.assertRaises(SystemError, asunsignedlong, NULL)
+        self.check_long_asint(asunsignedlong, 0, ULONG_MAX,
+                                      use_index=False)
 
     def test_long_asunsignedlongmask(self):
         # Test PyLong_AsUnsignedLongMask()
         asunsignedlongmask = _testlimitedcapi.pylong_asunsignedlongmask
         from _testcapi import ULONG_MAX
-        # round trip (object -> unsigned long -> object)
-        for value in (ULONG_MAX, 0, 1, 1234):
-            with self.subTest(value=value):
-                self.assertEqual(asunsignedlongmask(value), value)
-
-        self.assertEqual(asunsignedlongmask(IntSubclass(42)), 42)
-        self.assertEqual(asunsignedlongmask(Index(42)), 42)
-        self.assertEqual(asunsignedlongmask(MyIndexAndInt()), 10)
-
-        self.assertEqual(asunsignedlongmask(-1), ULONG_MAX)
-        self.assertEqual(asunsignedlongmask(ULONG_MAX + 1), 0)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, asunsignedlongmask, 1.0)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, asunsignedlongmask, b'2')
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, asunsignedlongmask, '3')
-        self.assertRaises(SystemError, asunsignedlongmask, NULL)
+        self.check_long_asint(asunsignedlongmask, 0, ULONG_MAX, mask=True)
 
     def test_long_aslonglong(self):
         # Test PyLong_AsLongLong() and PyLong_FromLongLong()
         aslonglong = _testlimitedcapi.pylong_aslonglong
         from _testcapi import LLONG_MIN, LLONG_MAX
-        # round trip (object -> long long -> object)
-        for value in (LLONG_MIN, LLONG_MAX, -1, 0, 1, 1234):
-            with self.subTest(value=value):
-                self.assertEqual(aslonglong(value), value)
-
-        self.assertEqual(aslonglong(IntSubclass(42)), 42)
-        self.assertEqual(aslonglong(Index(42)), 42)
-        self.assertEqual(aslonglong(MyIndexAndInt()), 10)
-
-        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, aslonglong, LLONG_MIN - 1)
-        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, aslonglong, LLONG_MAX + 1)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, aslonglong, 1.0)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, aslonglong, b'2')
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, aslonglong, '3')
-        self.assertRaises(SystemError, aslonglong, NULL)
+        self.check_long_asint(aslonglong, LLONG_MIN, LLONG_MAX)
 
     def test_long_aslonglongandoverflow(self):
         # Test PyLong_AsLongLongAndOverflow()
         aslonglongandoverflow = _testlimitedcapi.pylong_aslonglongandoverflow
         from _testcapi import LLONG_MIN, LLONG_MAX
-        # round trip (object -> long long -> object)
-        for value in (LLONG_MIN, LLONG_MAX, -1, 0, 1, 1234):
-            with self.subTest(value=value):
-                self.assertEqual(aslonglongandoverflow(value), (value, 0))
-
-        self.assertEqual(aslonglongandoverflow(IntSubclass(42)), (42, 0))
-        self.assertEqual(aslonglongandoverflow(Index(42)), (42, 0))
-        self.assertEqual(aslonglongandoverflow(MyIndexAndInt()), (10, 0))
-
-        self.assertEqual(aslonglongandoverflow(LLONG_MIN - 1), (-1, -1))
-        self.assertEqual(aslonglongandoverflow(LLONG_MAX + 1), (-1, 1))
-        # CRASHES aslonglongandoverflow(1.0)
-        # CRASHES aslonglongandoverflow(NULL)
+        self.check_long_asintandoverflow(aslonglongandoverflow, LLONG_MIN, LLONG_MAX)
 
     def test_long_asunsignedlonglong(self):
         # Test PyLong_AsUnsignedLongLong() and PyLong_FromUnsignedLongLong()
         asunsignedlonglong = _testlimitedcapi.pylong_asunsignedlonglong
         from _testcapi import ULLONG_MAX
-        # round trip (object -> unsigned long long -> object)
-        for value in (ULLONG_MAX, 0, 1, 1234):
-            with self.subTest(value=value):
-                self.assertEqual(asunsignedlonglong(value), value)
-
-        self.assertEqual(asunsignedlonglong(IntSubclass(42)), 42)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, asunsignedlonglong, Index(42))
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, asunsignedlonglong, MyIndexAndInt())
-
-        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, asunsignedlonglong, -1)
-        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, asunsignedlonglong, ULLONG_MAX + 1)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, asunsignedlonglong, 1.0)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, asunsignedlonglong, b'2')
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, asunsignedlonglong, '3')
-        self.assertRaises(SystemError, asunsignedlonglong, NULL)
+        self.check_long_asint(asunsignedlonglong, 0, ULLONG_MAX, use_index=False)
 
     def test_long_asunsignedlonglongmask(self):
         # Test PyLong_AsUnsignedLongLongMask()
         asunsignedlonglongmask = _testlimitedcapi.pylong_asunsignedlonglongmask
         from _testcapi import ULLONG_MAX
-        # round trip (object -> unsigned long long -> object)
-        for value in (ULLONG_MAX, 0, 1, 1234):
-            with self.subTest(value=value):
-                self.assertEqual(asunsignedlonglongmask(value), value)
-
-        self.assertEqual(asunsignedlonglongmask(IntSubclass(42)), 42)
-        self.assertEqual(asunsignedlonglongmask(Index(42)), 42)
-        self.assertEqual(asunsignedlonglongmask(MyIndexAndInt()), 10)
-
-        self.assertEqual(asunsignedlonglongmask(-1), ULLONG_MAX)
-        self.assertEqual(asunsignedlonglongmask(ULLONG_MAX + 1), 0)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, asunsignedlonglongmask, 1.0)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, asunsignedlonglongmask, b'2')
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, asunsignedlonglongmask, '3')
-        self.assertRaises(SystemError, asunsignedlonglongmask, NULL)
+        self.check_long_asint(asunsignedlonglongmask, 0, ULLONG_MAX, mask=True)
 
     def test_long_as_ssize_t(self):
         # Test PyLong_AsSsize_t() and PyLong_FromSsize_t()
         as_ssize_t = _testlimitedcapi.pylong_as_ssize_t
         from _testcapi import PY_SSIZE_T_MIN, PY_SSIZE_T_MAX
-        # round trip (object -> Py_ssize_t -> object)
-        for value in (PY_SSIZE_T_MIN, PY_SSIZE_T_MAX, -1, 0, 1, 1234):
-            with self.subTest(value=value):
-                self.assertEqual(as_ssize_t(value), value)
-
-        self.assertEqual(as_ssize_t(IntSubclass(42)), 42)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, as_ssize_t, Index(42))
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, as_ssize_t, MyIndexAndInt())
-
-        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, as_ssize_t, PY_SSIZE_T_MIN - 1)
-        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, as_ssize_t, PY_SSIZE_T_MAX + 1)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, as_ssize_t, 1.0)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, as_ssize_t, b'2')
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, as_ssize_t, '3')
-        self.assertRaises(SystemError, as_ssize_t, NULL)
+        self.check_long_asint(as_ssize_t, PY_SSIZE_T_MIN, PY_SSIZE_T_MAX,
+                              use_index=False)
 
     def test_long_as_size_t(self):
         # Test PyLong_AsSize_t() and PyLong_FromSize_t()
         as_size_t = _testlimitedcapi.pylong_as_size_t
         from _testcapi import SIZE_MAX
-        # round trip (object -> size_t -> object)
-        for value in (SIZE_MAX, 0, 1, 1234):
-            with self.subTest(value=value):
-                self.assertEqual(as_size_t(value), value)
-
-        self.assertEqual(as_size_t(IntSubclass(42)), 42)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, as_size_t, Index(42))
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, as_size_t, MyIndexAndInt())
-
-        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, as_size_t, -1)
-        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, as_size_t, SIZE_MAX + 1)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, as_size_t, 1.0)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, as_size_t, b'2')
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, as_size_t, '3')
-        self.assertRaises(SystemError, as_size_t, NULL)
+        self.check_long_asint(as_size_t, 0, SIZE_MAX, use_index=False)
 
     def test_long_asdouble(self):
         # Test PyLong_AsDouble()
@@ -431,21 +332,7 @@ def _test_long_aspid(self, aspid):
         bits = 8 * SIZEOF_PID_T
         PID_T_MIN = -2**(bits-1)
         PID_T_MAX = 2**(bits-1) - 1
-        # round trip (object -> long -> object)
-        for value in (PID_T_MIN, PID_T_MAX, -1, 0, 1, 1234):
-            with self.subTest(value=value):
-                self.assertEqual(aspid(value), value)
-
-        self.assertEqual(aspid(IntSubclass(42)), 42)
-        self.assertEqual(aspid(Index(42)), 42)
-        self.assertEqual(aspid(MyIndexAndInt()), 10)
-
-        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, aspid, PID_T_MIN - 1)
-        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, aspid, PID_T_MAX + 1)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, aspid, 1.0)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, aspid, b'2')
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, aspid, '3')
-        self.assertRaises(SystemError, aspid, NULL)
+        self.check_long_asint(aspid, PID_T_MIN, PID_T_MAX)
 
     def test_long_aspid(self):
         self._test_long_aspid(_testcapi.pylong_aspid)
@@ -453,6 +340,18 @@ def test_long_aspid(self):
     def test_long_aspid_limited(self):
         self._test_long_aspid(_testlimitedcapi.pylong_aspid)
 
+    @support.bigmemtest(2**32, memuse=0.35)
+    def test_long_asnativebytes_huge(self, size):
+        asnativebytes = _testcapi.pylong_asnativebytes
+        v = 1 << size
+        buffer = bytearray(size * 2 // 15 + 10)
+        r = asnativebytes(v, buffer, 0, -1)
+        self.assertEqual(r, size // 8 + 1)
+        self.assertEqual(buffer.count(0), len(buffer))
+        r = asnativebytes(v, buffer, len(buffer), -1)
+        self.assertEqual(r, size // 8 + 1)
+        self.assertEqual(buffer.count(0), len(buffer) - 1)
+
     def test_long_asnativebytes(self):
         import math
         from _testcapi import (
@@ -496,8 +395,9 @@ def test_long_asnativebytes(self):
                     "PyLong_AsNativeBytes(v, <unknown>, 0, -1)")
                 self.assertEqual(buffer, b"\x5a",
                     "buffer overwritten when it should not have been")
-                # Also check via the __index__ path
-                self.assertEqual(expect, asnativebytes(Index(v), buffer, 0, -1),
+                # Also check via the __index__ path.
+                # We pass Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_NATIVE_ENDIAN | ALLOW_INDEX
+                self.assertEqual(expect, asnativebytes(Index(v), buffer, 0, 3 | 16),
                     "PyLong_AsNativeBytes(Index(v), <unknown>, 0, -1)")
                 self.assertEqual(buffer, b"\x5a",
                     "buffer overwritten when it should not have been")
@@ -607,6 +507,12 @@ def test_long_asnativebytes(self):
         with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
             asnativebytes(-1, buffer, 0, 8)
 
+        # Ensure omitting Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_ALLOW_INDEX raises on __index__ value
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            asnativebytes(Index(1), buffer, 0, -1)
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            asnativebytes(Index(1), buffer, 0, 3)
+
         # Check a few error conditions. These are validated in code, but are
         # unspecified in docs, so if we make changes to the implementation, it's
         # fine to just update these tests rather than preserve the behaviour.
@@ -737,6 +643,31 @@ def test_long_getsign(self):
 
         # CRASHES getsign(NULL)
 
+    def test_long_asint32(self):
+        # Test PyLong_AsInt32() and PyLong_FromInt32()
+        to_int32 = _testlimitedcapi.pylong_asint32
+        from _testcapi import INT32_MIN, INT32_MAX
+        self.check_long_asint(to_int32, INT32_MIN, INT32_MAX)
+
+    def test_long_asint64(self):
+        # Test PyLong_AsInt64() and PyLong_FromInt64()
+        as_int64 = _testlimitedcapi.pylong_asint64
+        from _testcapi import INT64_MIN, INT64_MAX
+        self.check_long_asint(as_int64, INT64_MIN, INT64_MAX)
+
+    def test_long_asuint32(self):
+        # Test PyLong_AsUInt32() and PyLong_FromUInt32()
+        as_uint32 = _testlimitedcapi.pylong_asuint32
+        from _testcapi import UINT32_MAX
+        self.check_long_asint(as_uint32, 0, UINT32_MAX,
+                              negative_value_error=ValueError)
+
+    def test_long_asuint64(self):
+        # Test PyLong_AsUInt64() and PyLong_FromUInt64()
+        as_uint64 = _testlimitedcapi.pylong_asuint64
+        from _testcapi import UINT64_MAX
+        self.check_long_asint(as_uint64, 0, UINT64_MAX,
+                              negative_value_error=ValueError)
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_capi/test_misc.py b/Lib/test/test_capi/test_misc.py
index 0dc0b530aec971..80e705a37c4c5e 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_capi/test_misc.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_capi/test_misc.py
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
 import time
 import types
 import unittest
-import warnings
 import weakref
 import operator
 from test import support
@@ -26,7 +25,6 @@
 from test.support import threading_helper
 from test.support import warnings_helper
 from test.support import requires_limited_api
-from test.support import suppress_immortalization
 from test.support import expected_failure_if_gil_disabled
 from test.support import Py_GIL_DISABLED
 from test.support.script_helper import assert_python_failure, assert_python_ok, run_python_until_end
@@ -121,7 +119,7 @@ def __len__(self):
                 return 1
         with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, 'indexing'):
             _posixsubprocess.fork_exec(
-                          1,Z(),True,(1, 2),5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,True,True,17,False,19,20,21,22,False)
+                          1,Z(),True,(1, 2),5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,True,True,17,False,19,20,21,22)
         # Issue #15736: overflow in _PySequence_BytesToCharpArray()
         class Z(object):
             def __len__(self):
@@ -129,7 +127,7 @@ def __len__(self):
             def __getitem__(self, i):
                 return b'x'
         self.assertRaises(MemoryError, _posixsubprocess.fork_exec,
-                          1,Z(),True,(1, 2),5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,True,True,17,False,19,20,21,22,False)
+                          1,Z(),True,(1, 2),5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,True,True,17,False,19,20,21,22)
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(_posixsubprocess, '_posixsubprocess required for this test.')
     def test_subprocess_fork_exec(self):
@@ -139,7 +137,7 @@ def __len__(self):
 
         # Issue #15738: crash in subprocess_fork_exec()
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, _posixsubprocess.fork_exec,
-                          Z(),[b'1'],True,(1, 2),5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,True,True,17,False,19,20,21,22,False)
+                          Z(),[b'1'],True,(1, 2),5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,True,True,17,False,19,20,21,22)
 
     @unittest.skipIf(MISSING_C_DOCSTRINGS,
                      "Signature information for builtins requires docstrings")
@@ -482,7 +480,6 @@ def test_heap_ctype_doc_and_text_signature(self):
     def test_null_type_doc(self):
         self.assertEqual(_testcapi.NullTpDocType.__doc__, None)
 
-    @suppress_immortalization()
     def test_subclass_of_heap_gc_ctype_with_tpdealloc_decrefs_once(self):
         class HeapGcCTypeSubclass(_testcapi.HeapGcCType):
             def __init__(self):
@@ -500,7 +497,6 @@ def __init__(self):
         del subclass_instance
         self.assertEqual(type_refcnt - 1, sys.getrefcount(HeapGcCTypeSubclass))
 
-    @suppress_immortalization()
     def test_subclass_of_heap_gc_ctype_with_del_modifying_dunder_class_only_decrefs_once(self):
         class A(_testcapi.HeapGcCType):
             def __init__(self):
@@ -542,14 +538,19 @@ def __del__(self):
         self.assertEqual(new_type_refcnt, sys.getrefcount(A))
 
     def test_heaptype_with_dict(self):
-        inst = _testcapi.HeapCTypeWithDict()
-        inst.foo = 42
-        self.assertEqual(inst.foo, 42)
-        self.assertEqual(inst.dictobj, inst.__dict__)
-        self.assertEqual(inst.dictobj, {"foo": 42})
+        for cls in (
+            _testcapi.HeapCTypeWithDict,
+            _testlimitedcapi.HeapCTypeWithRelativeDict,
+        ):
+            with self.subTest(cls=cls):
+                inst = cls()
+                inst.foo = 42
+                self.assertEqual(inst.foo, 42)
+                self.assertEqual(inst.dictobj, inst.__dict__)
+                self.assertEqual(inst.dictobj, {"foo": 42})
 
-        inst = _testcapi.HeapCTypeWithDict()
-        self.assertEqual({}, inst.__dict__)
+                inst = cls()
+                self.assertEqual({}, inst.__dict__)
 
     def test_heaptype_with_managed_dict(self):
         inst = _testcapi.HeapCTypeWithManagedDict()
@@ -586,10 +587,15 @@ def test_heaptype_with_negative_dict(self):
         self.assertEqual({}, inst.__dict__)
 
     def test_heaptype_with_weakref(self):
-        inst = _testcapi.HeapCTypeWithWeakref()
-        ref = weakref.ref(inst)
-        self.assertEqual(ref(), inst)
-        self.assertEqual(inst.weakreflist, ref)
+        for cls in (
+            _testcapi.HeapCTypeWithWeakref,
+            _testlimitedcapi.HeapCTypeWithRelativeWeakref,
+        ):
+            with self.subTest(cls=cls):
+                inst = cls()
+                ref = weakref.ref(inst)
+                self.assertEqual(ref(), inst)
+                self.assertEqual(inst.weakreflist, ref)
 
     def test_heaptype_with_managed_weakref(self):
         inst = _testcapi.HeapCTypeWithManagedWeakref()
@@ -713,63 +719,76 @@ def test_heaptype_with_custom_metaclass_custom_new(self):
         with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, msg):
             t = _testcapi.pytype_fromspec_meta(metaclass)
 
-    def test_heaptype_with_custom_metaclass_deprecation(self):
+    def test_heaptype_base_with_custom_metaclass(self):
         metaclass = _testcapi.HeapCTypeMetaclassCustomNew
 
-        # gh-103968: a metaclass with custom tp_new is deprecated, but still
-        # allowed for functions that existed in 3.11
-        # (PyType_FromSpecWithBases is used here).
         class Base(metaclass=metaclass):
             pass
 
         # Class creation from C
-        with warnings_helper.check_warnings(
-                ('.* _testcapi.Subclass .* custom tp_new.*in Python 3.14.*', DeprecationWarning),
-                ):
+        msg = "Metaclasses with custom tp_new are not supported."
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, msg):
             sub = _testcapi.make_type_with_base(Base)
-        self.assertTrue(issubclass(sub, Base))
-        self.assertIsInstance(sub, metaclass)
+
+    def test_heaptype_with_tp_vectorcall(self):
+        tp = _testcapi.HeapCTypeVectorcall
+        v0 = tp.__new__(tp)
+        v0.__init__()
+        v1 = tp()
+        self.assertEqual(v0.value, 2)
+        self.assertEqual(v1.value, 1)
 
     def test_multiple_inheritance_ctypes_with_weakref_or_dict(self):
+        for weakref_cls in (_testcapi.HeapCTypeWithWeakref,
+                            _testlimitedcapi.HeapCTypeWithRelativeWeakref):
+            for dict_cls in (_testcapi.HeapCTypeWithDict,
+                             _testlimitedcapi.HeapCTypeWithRelativeDict):
+                with self.subTest(weakref_cls=weakref_cls, dict_cls=dict_cls):
 
-        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
-            class Both1(_testcapi.HeapCTypeWithWeakref, _testcapi.HeapCTypeWithDict):
-                pass
-        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
-            class Both2(_testcapi.HeapCTypeWithDict, _testcapi.HeapCTypeWithWeakref):
-                pass
+                    with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+                        class Both1(weakref_cls, dict_cls):
+                            pass
+                    with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+                        class Both2(dict_cls, weakref_cls):
+                            pass
 
     def test_multiple_inheritance_ctypes_with_weakref_or_dict_and_other_builtin(self):
+        for dict_cls in (_testcapi.HeapCTypeWithDict,
+                         _testlimitedcapi.HeapCTypeWithRelativeDict):
+            for weakref_cls in (_testcapi.HeapCTypeWithWeakref,
+                                _testlimitedcapi.HeapCTypeWithRelativeWeakref):
+                with self.subTest(dict_cls=dict_cls, weakref_cls=weakref_cls):
 
-        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
-            class C1(_testcapi.HeapCTypeWithDict, list):
-                pass
+                    with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+                        class C1(dict_cls, list):
+                            pass
 
-        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
-            class C2(_testcapi.HeapCTypeWithWeakref, list):
-                pass
+                    with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+                        class C2(weakref_cls, list):
+                            pass
 
-        class C3(_testcapi.HeapCTypeWithManagedDict, list):
-            pass
-        class C4(_testcapi.HeapCTypeWithManagedWeakref, list):
-            pass
+                    class C3(_testcapi.HeapCTypeWithManagedDict, list):
+                        pass
+                    class C4(_testcapi.HeapCTypeWithManagedWeakref, list):
+                        pass
 
-        inst = C3()
-        inst.append(0)
-        str(inst.__dict__)
+                    inst = C3()
+                    inst.append(0)
+                    str(inst.__dict__)
 
-        inst = C4()
-        inst.append(0)
-        str(inst.__weakref__)
+                    inst = C4()
+                    inst.append(0)
+                    str(inst.__weakref__)
 
-        for cls in (_testcapi.HeapCTypeWithManagedDict, _testcapi.HeapCTypeWithManagedWeakref):
-            for cls2 in (_testcapi.HeapCTypeWithDict, _testcapi.HeapCTypeWithWeakref):
-                class S(cls, cls2):
-                    pass
-            class B1(C3, cls):
-                pass
-            class B2(C4, cls):
-                pass
+                    for cls in (_testcapi.HeapCTypeWithManagedDict,
+                                _testcapi.HeapCTypeWithManagedWeakref):
+                        for cls2 in (dict_cls, weakref_cls):
+                            class S(cls, cls2):
+                                pass
+                        class B1(C3, cls):
+                            pass
+                        class B2(C4, cls):
+                            pass
 
     def test_pytype_fromspec_with_repeated_slots(self):
         for variant in range(2):
@@ -870,36 +889,6 @@ def __init__(self):
         _testcapi.clear_managed_dict(c)
         self.assertEqual(c.__dict__, {})
 
-    def test_eval_get_func_name(self):
-        def function_example(): ...
-
-        class A:
-            def method_example(self): ...
-
-        self.assertEqual(_testcapi.eval_get_func_name(function_example),
-                         "function_example")
-        self.assertEqual(_testcapi.eval_get_func_name(A.method_example),
-                         "method_example")
-        self.assertEqual(_testcapi.eval_get_func_name(A().method_example),
-                         "method_example")
-        self.assertEqual(_testcapi.eval_get_func_name(sum), "sum")  # c function
-        self.assertEqual(_testcapi.eval_get_func_name(A), "type")
-
-    def test_eval_get_func_desc(self):
-        def function_example(): ...
-
-        class A:
-            def method_example(self): ...
-
-        self.assertEqual(_testcapi.eval_get_func_desc(function_example),
-                         "()")
-        self.assertEqual(_testcapi.eval_get_func_desc(A.method_example),
-                         "()")
-        self.assertEqual(_testcapi.eval_get_func_desc(A().method_example),
-                         "()")
-        self.assertEqual(_testcapi.eval_get_func_desc(sum), "()")  # c function
-        self.assertEqual(_testcapi.eval_get_func_desc(A), " object")
-
     def test_function_get_code(self):
         import types
 
@@ -1152,6 +1141,77 @@ class MyType:
         MyType.__module__ = 123
         self.assertEqual(get_type_fullyqualname(MyType), 'my_qualname')
 
+    def test_get_base_by_token(self):
+        def get_base_by_token(src, key, comparable=True):
+            def run(use_mro):
+                find_first = _testcapi.pytype_getbasebytoken
+                ret1, result = find_first(src, key, use_mro, True)
+                ret2, no_result = find_first(src, key, use_mro, False)
+                self.assertIn(ret1, (0, 1))
+                self.assertEqual(ret1, result is not None)
+                self.assertEqual(ret1, ret2)
+                self.assertIsNone(no_result)
+                return result
+
+            found_in_mro = run(True)
+            found_in_bases = run(False)
+            if comparable:
+                self.assertIs(found_in_mro, found_in_bases)
+                return found_in_mro
+            return found_in_mro, found_in_bases
+
+        create_type = _testcapi.create_type_with_token
+        get_token = _testcapi.get_tp_token
+
+        Py_TP_USE_SPEC = _testcapi.Py_TP_USE_SPEC
+        self.assertEqual(Py_TP_USE_SPEC, 0)
+
+        A1 = create_type('_testcapi.A1', Py_TP_USE_SPEC)
+        self.assertTrue(get_token(A1) != Py_TP_USE_SPEC)
+
+        B1 = create_type('_testcapi.B1', id(self))
+        self.assertTrue(get_token(B1) == id(self))
+
+        tokenA1 = get_token(A1)
+        # find A1 from A1
+        found = get_base_by_token(A1, tokenA1)
+        self.assertIs(found, A1)
+
+        # no token in static types
+        STATIC = type(1)
+        self.assertEqual(get_token(STATIC), 0)
+        found = get_base_by_token(STATIC, tokenA1)
+        self.assertIs(found, None)
+
+        # no token in pure subtypes
+        class A2(A1): pass
+        self.assertEqual(get_token(A2), 0)
+        # find A1
+        class Z(STATIC, B1, A2): pass
+        found = get_base_by_token(Z, tokenA1)
+        self.assertIs(found, A1)
+
+        # searching for NULL token is an error
+        with self.assertRaises(SystemError):
+            get_base_by_token(Z, 0)
+        with self.assertRaises(SystemError):
+            get_base_by_token(STATIC, 0)
+
+        # share the token with A1
+        C1 = create_type('_testcapi.C1', tokenA1)
+        self.assertTrue(get_token(C1) == tokenA1)
+
+        # find C1 first by shared token
+        class Z(C1, A2): pass
+        found = get_base_by_token(Z, tokenA1)
+        self.assertIs(found, C1)
+        # B1 not found
+        found = get_base_by_token(Z, get_token(B1))
+        self.assertIs(found, None)
+
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            _testcapi.pytype_getbasebytoken(
+                'not a type', id(self), True, False)
 
     def test_gen_get_code(self):
         def genf(): yield
@@ -1303,6 +1363,53 @@ def test_heaptype_relative_members_errors(self):
                 SystemError, r"PyMember_SetOne used with Py_RELATIVE_OFFSET"):
             instance.set_memb_relative(0)
 
+    def test_heaptype_relative_special_members_errors(self):
+        for member_name in "__vectorcalloffset__", "__dictoffset__", "__weaklistoffset__":
+            with self.subTest(member_name=member_name):
+                with self.assertRaisesRegex(
+                        SystemError,
+                        r"With Py_RELATIVE_OFFSET, basicsize must be negative."):
+                    _testlimitedcapi.make_heaptype_with_member(
+                        basicsize=sys.getsizeof(object()) + 100,
+                        add_relative_flag=True,
+                        member_name=member_name,
+                        member_offset=0,
+                        member_type=_testlimitedcapi.Py_T_PYSSIZET,
+                        member_flags=_testlimitedcapi.Py_READONLY,
+                        )
+                with self.assertRaisesRegex(
+                        SystemError,
+                        r"Member offset out of range \(0\.\.-basicsize\)"):
+                    _testlimitedcapi.make_heaptype_with_member(
+                        basicsize=-8,
+                        add_relative_flag=True,
+                        member_name=member_name,
+                        member_offset=-1,
+                        member_type=_testlimitedcapi.Py_T_PYSSIZET,
+                        member_flags=_testlimitedcapi.Py_READONLY,
+                        )
+                with self.assertRaisesRegex(
+                        SystemError,
+                        r"type of %s must be Py_T_PYSSIZET" % member_name):
+                    _testlimitedcapi.make_heaptype_with_member(
+                        basicsize=-100,
+                        add_relative_flag=True,
+                        member_name=member_name,
+                        member_offset=0,
+                        member_flags=_testlimitedcapi.Py_READONLY,
+                        )
+                with self.assertRaisesRegex(
+                        SystemError,
+                        r"flags for %s must be " % member_name):
+                    _testlimitedcapi.make_heaptype_with_member(
+                        basicsize=-100,
+                        add_relative_flag=True,
+                        member_name=member_name,
+                        member_offset=0,
+                        member_type=_testlimitedcapi.Py_T_PYSSIZET,
+                        member_flags=0,
+                        )
+
     def test_pyobject_getitemdata_error(self):
         """Test PyObject_GetItemData fails on unsupported types"""
         with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_capi/test_number.py b/Lib/test/test_capi/test_number.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..04f85d2395083a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/test_capi/test_number.py
@@ -0,0 +1,320 @@
+import itertools
+import operator
+import sys
+import unittest
+import warnings
+
+from test.support import cpython_only, import_helper
+
+_testcapi = import_helper.import_module('_testcapi')
+from _testcapi import PY_SSIZE_T_MAX, PY_SSIZE_T_MIN
+
+try:
+    from _testbuffer import ndarray
+except ImportError:
+    ndarray = None
+
+NULL = None
+
+class BadDescr:
+    def __get__(self, obj, objtype=None):
+        raise RuntimeError
+
+class WithDunder:
+    def _meth(self, *args):
+        if self.val:
+            return self.val
+        if self.exc:
+            raise self.exc
+    @classmethod
+    def with_val(cls, val):
+        obj = super().__new__(cls)
+        obj.val = val
+        obj.exc = None
+        setattr(cls, cls.methname, cls._meth)
+        return obj
+
+    @classmethod
+    def with_exc(cls, exc):
+        obj = super().__new__(cls)
+        obj.val = None
+        obj.exc = exc
+        setattr(cls, cls.methname, cls._meth)
+        return obj
+
+class HasBadAttr:
+    def __new__(cls):
+        obj = super().__new__(cls)
+        setattr(cls, cls.methname, BadDescr())
+        return obj
+
+
+class IndexLike(WithDunder):
+    methname = '__index__'
+
+class IntLike(WithDunder):
+    methname = '__int__'
+
+class FloatLike(WithDunder):
+    methname = '__float__'
+
+
+def subclassof(base):
+    return type(base.__name__ + 'Subclass', (base,), {})
+
+
+class SomeError(Exception):
+    pass
+
+class OtherError(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+class CAPITest(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_check(self):
+        # Test PyNumber_Check()
+        check = _testcapi.number_check
+
+        self.assertTrue(check(1))
+        self.assertTrue(check(IndexLike.with_val(1)))
+        self.assertTrue(check(IntLike.with_val(99)))
+        self.assertTrue(check(0.5))
+        self.assertTrue(check(FloatLike.with_val(4.25)))
+        self.assertTrue(check(1+2j))
+
+        self.assertFalse(check([]))
+        self.assertFalse(check("abc"))
+        self.assertFalse(check(object()))
+        self.assertFalse(check(NULL))
+
+    def test_unary_ops(self):
+        methmap = {'__neg__': _testcapi.number_negative,   # PyNumber_Negative()
+                   '__pos__': _testcapi.number_positive,   # PyNumber_Positive()
+                   '__abs__': _testcapi.number_absolute,   # PyNumber_Absolute()
+                   '__invert__': _testcapi.number_invert}  # PyNumber_Invert()
+
+        for name, func in methmap.items():
+            # Generic object, has no tp_as_number structure
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, func, object())
+
+            # C-API function accepts NULL
+            self.assertRaises(SystemError, func, NULL)
+
+            # Behave as corresponding unary operation
+            op = getattr(operator, name)
+            for x in [0, 42, -1, 3.14, 1+2j]:
+                try:
+                    op(x)
+                except TypeError:
+                    self.assertRaises(TypeError, func, x)
+                else:
+                    self.assertEqual(func(x), op(x))
+
+    def test_binary_ops(self):
+        methmap = {'__add__': _testcapi.number_add,   # PyNumber_Add()
+                   '__sub__': _testcapi.number_subtract,  # PyNumber_Subtract()
+                   '__mul__': _testcapi.number_multiply,  # PyNumber_Multiply()
+                   '__matmul__': _testcapi.number_matrixmultiply,  # PyNumber_MatrixMultiply()
+                   '__floordiv__': _testcapi.number_floordivide,  # PyNumber_FloorDivide()
+                   '__truediv__': _testcapi.number_truedivide,  # PyNumber_TrueDivide()
+                   '__mod__': _testcapi.number_remainder,  # PyNumber_Remainder()
+                   '__divmod__': _testcapi.number_divmod,  # PyNumber_Divmod()
+                   '__lshift__': _testcapi.number_lshift,  # PyNumber_Lshift()
+                   '__rshift__': _testcapi.number_rshift,  # PyNumber_Rshift()
+                   '__and__': _testcapi.number_and,  # PyNumber_And()
+                   '__xor__': _testcapi.number_xor,  # PyNumber_Xor()
+                   '__or__': _testcapi.number_or,  # PyNumber_Or()
+                   '__pow__': _testcapi.number_power,  # PyNumber_Power()
+                   '__iadd__': _testcapi.number_inplaceadd,   # PyNumber_InPlaceAdd()
+                   '__isub__': _testcapi.number_inplacesubtract,  # PyNumber_InPlaceSubtract()
+                   '__imul__': _testcapi.number_inplacemultiply,  # PyNumber_InPlaceMultiply()
+                   '__imatmul__': _testcapi.number_inplacematrixmultiply,  # PyNumber_InPlaceMatrixMultiply()
+                   '__ifloordiv__': _testcapi.number_inplacefloordivide,  # PyNumber_InPlaceFloorDivide()
+                   '__itruediv__': _testcapi.number_inplacetruedivide,  # PyNumber_InPlaceTrueDivide()
+                   '__imod__': _testcapi.number_inplaceremainder,  # PyNumber_InPlaceRemainder()
+                   '__ilshift__': _testcapi.number_inplacelshift,  # PyNumber_InPlaceLshift()
+                   '__irshift__': _testcapi.number_inplacershift,  # PyNumber_InPlaceRshift()
+                   '__iand__': _testcapi.number_inplaceand,  # PyNumber_InPlaceAnd()
+                   '__ixor__': _testcapi.number_inplacexor,  # PyNumber_InPlaceXor()
+                   '__ior__': _testcapi.number_inplaceor,  # PyNumber_InPlaceOr()
+                   '__ipow__': _testcapi.number_inplacepower,  # PyNumber_InPlacePower()
+                   }
+
+        for name, func in methmap.items():
+            cases = [0, 42, 3.14, -1, 123, 1+2j]
+
+            # Generic object, has no tp_as_number structure
+            for x in cases:
+                self.assertRaises(TypeError, func, object(), x)
+                self.assertRaises(TypeError, func, x, object())
+
+            # Behave as corresponding binary operation
+            op = getattr(operator, name, divmod)
+            for x, y in itertools.combinations(cases, 2):
+                try:
+                    op(x, y)
+                except (TypeError, ValueError, ZeroDivisionError) as exc:
+                    self.assertRaises(exc.__class__, func, x, y)
+                else:
+                    self.assertEqual(func(x, y), op(x, y))
+
+            # CRASHES func(NULL, object())
+            # CRASHES func(object(), NULL)
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(ndarray is None, "needs _testbuffer")
+    def test_misc_add(self):
+        # PyNumber_Add(), PyNumber_InPlaceAdd()
+        add = _testcapi.number_add
+        inplaceadd = _testcapi.number_inplaceadd
+
+        # test sq_concat/sq_inplace_concat slots
+        a, b, r = [1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2, 3, 4]
+        self.assertEqual(add(a, b), r)
+        self.assertEqual(a, [1, 2])
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, add, ndarray([1], (1,)), 2)
+        a, b, r = [1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2, 3, 4]
+        self.assertEqual(inplaceadd(a, b), r)
+        self.assertEqual(a, r)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, inplaceadd, ndarray([1], (1,)), 2)
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(ndarray is None, "needs _testbuffer")
+    def test_misc_multiply(self):
+        # PyNumber_Multiply(), PyNumber_InPlaceMultiply()
+        multiply = _testcapi.number_multiply
+        inplacemultiply = _testcapi.number_inplacemultiply
+
+        # test sq_repeat/sq_inplace_repeat slots
+        a, b, r = [1], 2, [1, 1]
+        self.assertEqual(multiply(a, b), r)
+        self.assertEqual((a, b), ([1], 2))
+        self.assertEqual(multiply(b, a), r)
+        self.assertEqual((a, b), ([1], 2))
+        self.assertEqual(multiply([1], -1), [])
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, multiply, ndarray([1], (1,)), 2)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, multiply, [1], 0.5)
+        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, multiply, [1], PY_SSIZE_T_MAX + 1)
+        self.assertRaises(MemoryError, multiply, [1, 2], PY_SSIZE_T_MAX//2 + 1)
+        a, b, r = [1], 2, [1, 1]
+        self.assertEqual(inplacemultiply(a, b), r)
+        self.assertEqual((a, b), (r, 2))
+        a = [1]
+        self.assertEqual(inplacemultiply(b, a), r)
+        self.assertEqual((a, b), ([1], 2))
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, inplacemultiply, ndarray([1], (1,)), 2)
+        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, inplacemultiply, [1], PY_SSIZE_T_MAX + 1)
+        self.assertRaises(MemoryError, inplacemultiply, [1, 2], PY_SSIZE_T_MAX//2 + 1)
+
+    def test_misc_power(self):
+        # PyNumber_Power()
+        power = _testcapi.number_power
+
+        class HasPow(WithDunder):
+            methname = '__pow__'
+
+        # ternary op
+        self.assertEqual(power(4, 11, 5), pow(4, 11, 5))
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, power, 4, 11, 1.25)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, power, 4, 11, HasPow.with_val(NotImplemented))
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, power, 4, 11, object())
+
+    def test_long(self):
+        # Test PyNumber_Long()
+        long = _testcapi.number_long
+
+        self.assertEqual(long(42), 42)
+        self.assertEqual(long(1.25), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(long("42"), 42)
+        self.assertEqual(long(b"42"), 42)
+        self.assertEqual(long(bytearray(b"42")), 42)
+        self.assertEqual(long(memoryview(b"42")), 42)
+        self.assertEqual(long(IndexLike.with_val(99)), 99)
+        self.assertEqual(long(IntLike.with_val(99)), 99)
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, long, IntLike.with_val(1.0))
+        with warnings.catch_warnings():
+            warnings.simplefilter("error", DeprecationWarning)
+            self.assertRaises(DeprecationWarning, long, IntLike.with_val(True))
+        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
+            self.assertEqual(long(IntLike.with_val(True)), 1)
+        self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, long, IntLike.with_exc(RuntimeError))
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, long, 1j)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, long, object())
+        self.assertRaises(SystemError, long, NULL)
+
+    def test_float(self):
+        # Test PyNumber_Float()
+        float_ = _testcapi.number_float
+
+        self.assertEqual(float_(1.25), 1.25)
+        self.assertEqual(float_(123), 123.)
+        self.assertEqual(float_("1.25"), 1.25)
+
+        self.assertEqual(float_(FloatLike.with_val(4.25)), 4.25)
+        self.assertEqual(float_(IndexLike.with_val(99)), 99.0)
+        self.assertEqual(float_(IndexLike.with_val(-1)), -1.0)
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, float_, FloatLike.with_val(687))
+        with warnings.catch_warnings():
+            warnings.simplefilter("error", DeprecationWarning)
+            self.assertRaises(DeprecationWarning, float_, FloatLike.with_val(subclassof(float)(4.25)))
+        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
+            self.assertEqual(float_(FloatLike.with_val(subclassof(float)(4.25))), 4.25)
+        self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, float_, FloatLike.with_exc(RuntimeError))
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, float_, IndexLike.with_val(1.25))
+        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, float_, IndexLike.with_val(2**2000))
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, float_, 1j)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, float_, object())
+        self.assertRaises(SystemError, float_, NULL)
+
+    def test_index(self):
+        # Test PyNumber_Index()
+        index = _testcapi.number_index
+
+        self.assertEqual(index(11), 11)
+
+        with warnings.catch_warnings():
+            warnings.simplefilter("error", DeprecationWarning)
+            self.assertRaises(DeprecationWarning, index, IndexLike.with_val(True))
+        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
+            self.assertEqual(index(IndexLike.with_val(True)), 1)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, index, IndexLike.with_val(1.0))
+        self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, index, IndexLike.with_exc(RuntimeError))
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, index, 1.25)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, index, "42")
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, index, object())
+        self.assertRaises(SystemError, index, NULL)
+
+    def test_tobase(self):
+        # Test PyNumber_ToBase()
+        tobase = _testcapi.number_tobase
+
+        self.assertEqual(tobase(10, 2), bin(10))
+        self.assertEqual(tobase(11, 8), oct(11))
+        self.assertEqual(tobase(16, 10), str(16))
+        self.assertEqual(tobase(13, 16), hex(13))
+
+        self.assertRaises(SystemError, tobase, NULL, 2)
+        self.assertRaises(SystemError, tobase, 2, 3)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, tobase, 1.25, 2)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, tobase, "42", 2)
+
+    def test_asssizet(self):
+        # Test PyNumber_AsSsize_t()
+        asssizet = _testcapi.number_asssizet
+
+        for n in [*range(-6, 7), PY_SSIZE_T_MIN, PY_SSIZE_T_MAX]:
+            self.assertEqual(asssizet(n, OverflowError), n)
+        self.assertEqual(asssizet(PY_SSIZE_T_MAX+10, NULL), PY_SSIZE_T_MAX)
+        self.assertEqual(asssizet(PY_SSIZE_T_MIN-10, NULL), PY_SSIZE_T_MIN)
+
+        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, asssizet, PY_SSIZE_T_MAX + 10, OverflowError)
+        self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, asssizet, PY_SSIZE_T_MAX + 10, RuntimeError)
+        self.assertRaises(SystemError, asssizet, NULL, TypeError)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_capi/test_object.py b/Lib/test/test_capi/test_object.py
index fa23bff4e98918..cc9c9b688f00e2 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_capi/test_object.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_capi/test_object.py
@@ -103,5 +103,33 @@ def testPyObjectPrintOSError(self):
         with self.assertRaises(OSError):
             _testcapi.pyobject_print_os_error(output_filename)
 
+
+class ClearWeakRefsNoCallbacksTest(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Test PyUnstable_Object_ClearWeakRefsNoCallbacks"""
+    def test_ClearWeakRefsNoCallbacks(self):
+        """Ensure PyUnstable_Object_ClearWeakRefsNoCallbacks works"""
+        import weakref
+        import gc
+        class C:
+            pass
+        obj = C()
+        messages = []
+        ref = weakref.ref(obj, lambda: messages.append("don't add this"))
+        self.assertIs(ref(), obj)
+        self.assertFalse(messages)
+        _testcapi.pyobject_clear_weakrefs_no_callbacks(obj)
+        self.assertIsNone(ref())
+        gc.collect()
+        self.assertFalse(messages)
+
+    def test_ClearWeakRefsNoCallbacks_no_weakref_support(self):
+        """Don't fail on objects that don't support weakrefs"""
+        import weakref
+        obj = object()
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            ref = weakref.ref(obj)
+        _testcapi.pyobject_clear_weakrefs_no_callbacks(obj)
+
+
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_capi/test_opt.py b/Lib/test/test_capi/test_opt.py
index 0491ff9b84d486..f1ab72180d714d 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_capi/test_opt.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_capi/test_opt.py
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ def f{n}():
             self.assertTrue(exe.is_valid())
         # Assert that the correct executors are invalidated
         # and check that nothing crashes when we invalidate
-        # an executor mutliple times.
+        # an executor multiple times.
         for i in (4,3,2,1,0):
             _testinternalcapi.invalidate_executors(objects[i])
             for exe in executors[i:]:
@@ -274,6 +274,7 @@ def many_vars():
                 z0 = z1 = z2 = z3 = z4 = z5 = z6 = z7 = z8 = z9 = 42
                 while z9 > 0:
                     z9 = z9 - 1
+                    +z9
         """), ns, ns)
         many_vars = ns["many_vars"]
 
@@ -1024,7 +1025,7 @@ def testfunc(n):
         uops_and_operands = [(opcode, operand) for opcode, _, _, operand in ex]
         uop_names = [uop[0] for uop in uops_and_operands]
         self.assertEqual(uop_names.count("_PUSH_FRAME"), 2)
-        self.assertEqual(uop_names.count("_POP_FRAME"), 2)
+        self.assertEqual(uop_names.count("_RETURN_VALUE"), 2)
         self.assertEqual(uop_names.count("_CHECK_STACK_SPACE"), 0)
         self.assertEqual(uop_names.count("_CHECK_STACK_SPACE_OPERAND"), 1)
         # sequential calls: max(12, 13) == 13
@@ -1051,7 +1052,7 @@ def testfunc(n):
         uops_and_operands = [(opcode, operand) for opcode, _, _, operand in ex]
         uop_names = [uop[0] for uop in uops_and_operands]
         self.assertEqual(uop_names.count("_PUSH_FRAME"), 2)
-        self.assertEqual(uop_names.count("_POP_FRAME"), 2)
+        self.assertEqual(uop_names.count("_RETURN_VALUE"), 2)
         self.assertEqual(uop_names.count("_CHECK_STACK_SPACE"), 0)
         self.assertEqual(uop_names.count("_CHECK_STACK_SPACE_OPERAND"), 1)
         # nested calls: 15 + 12 == 27
@@ -1086,7 +1087,7 @@ def testfunc(n):
         uops_and_operands = [(opcode, operand) for opcode, _, _, operand in ex]
         uop_names = [uop[0] for uop in uops_and_operands]
         self.assertEqual(uop_names.count("_PUSH_FRAME"), 4)
-        self.assertEqual(uop_names.count("_POP_FRAME"), 4)
+        self.assertEqual(uop_names.count("_RETURN_VALUE"), 4)
         self.assertEqual(uop_names.count("_CHECK_STACK_SPACE"), 0)
         self.assertEqual(uop_names.count("_CHECK_STACK_SPACE_OPERAND"), 1)
         # max(12, 18 + max(12, 13)) == 31
@@ -1122,7 +1123,7 @@ def testfunc(n):
         uops_and_operands = [(opcode, operand) for opcode, _, _, operand in ex]
         uop_names = [uop[0] for uop in uops_and_operands]
         self.assertEqual(uop_names.count("_PUSH_FRAME"), 4)
-        self.assertEqual(uop_names.count("_POP_FRAME"), 4)
+        self.assertEqual(uop_names.count("_RETURN_VALUE"), 4)
         self.assertEqual(uop_names.count("_CHECK_STACK_SPACE"), 0)
         self.assertEqual(uop_names.count("_CHECK_STACK_SPACE_OPERAND"), 1)
         # max(18 + max(12, 13), 12) == 31
@@ -1166,7 +1167,7 @@ def testfunc(n):
         uops_and_operands = [(opcode, operand) for opcode, _, _, operand in ex]
         uop_names = [uop[0] for uop in uops_and_operands]
         self.assertEqual(uop_names.count("_PUSH_FRAME"), 15)
-        self.assertEqual(uop_names.count("_POP_FRAME"), 15)
+        self.assertEqual(uop_names.count("_RETURN_VALUE"), 15)
 
         self.assertEqual(uop_names.count("_CHECK_STACK_SPACE"), 0)
         self.assertEqual(uop_names.count("_CHECK_STACK_SPACE_OPERAND"), 1)
@@ -1260,7 +1261,7 @@ def testfunc(n):
         uops_and_operands = [(opcode, operand) for opcode, _, _, operand in ex]
         uop_names = [uop[0] for uop in uops_and_operands]
         self.assertEqual(uop_names.count("_PUSH_FRAME"), 2)
-        self.assertEqual(uop_names.count("_POP_FRAME"), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(uop_names.count("_RETURN_VALUE"), 0)
         self.assertEqual(uop_names.count("_CHECK_STACK_SPACE"), 1)
         self.assertEqual(uop_names.count("_CHECK_STACK_SPACE_OPERAND"), 1)
         largest_stack = _testinternalcapi.get_co_framesize(dummy15.__code__)
@@ -1333,6 +1334,153 @@ def test_modified_local_is_seen_by_optimized_code(self):
         self.assertIs(type(s), float)
         self.assertEqual(s, 1024.0)
 
+    def test_guard_type_version_removed(self):
+        def thing(a):
+            x = 0
+            for _ in range(100):
+                x += a.attr
+                x += a.attr
+            return x
+
+        class Foo:
+            attr = 1
+
+        res, ex = self._run_with_optimizer(thing, Foo())
+        opnames = list(iter_opnames(ex))
+        self.assertIsNotNone(ex)
+        self.assertEqual(res, 200)
+        guard_type_version_count = opnames.count("_GUARD_TYPE_VERSION")
+        self.assertEqual(guard_type_version_count, 1)
+
+    def test_guard_type_version_removed_inlined(self):
+        """
+        Verify that the guard type version if we have an inlined function
+        """
+
+        def fn():
+            pass
+
+        def thing(a):
+            x = 0
+            for _ in range(100):
+                x += a.attr
+                fn()
+                x += a.attr
+            return x
+
+        class Foo:
+            attr = 1
+
+        res, ex = self._run_with_optimizer(thing, Foo())
+        opnames = list(iter_opnames(ex))
+        self.assertIsNotNone(ex)
+        self.assertEqual(res, 200)
+        guard_type_version_count = opnames.count("_GUARD_TYPE_VERSION")
+        self.assertEqual(guard_type_version_count, 1)
+
+    def test_guard_type_version_not_removed(self):
+        """
+        Verify that the guard type version is not removed if we modify the class
+        """
+
+        def thing(a):
+            x = 0
+            for i in range(100):
+                x += a.attr
+                # for the first 90 iterations we set the attribute on this dummy function which shouldn't
+                # trigger the type watcher
+                # then after 90  it should trigger it and stop optimizing
+                # Note that the code needs to be in this weird form so it's optimized inline without any control flow
+                setattr((Foo, Bar)[i < 90], "attr", 2)
+                x += a.attr
+            return x
+
+        class Foo:
+            attr = 1
+
+        class Bar:
+            pass
+
+        res, ex = self._run_with_optimizer(thing, Foo())
+        opnames = list(iter_opnames(ex))
+
+        self.assertIsNotNone(ex)
+        self.assertEqual(res, 219)
+        guard_type_version_count = opnames.count("_GUARD_TYPE_VERSION")
+        self.assertEqual(guard_type_version_count, 2)
+
+
+    @unittest.expectedFailure
+    def test_guard_type_version_not_removed_escaping(self):
+        """
+        Verify that the guard type version is not removed if have an escaping function
+        """
+
+        def thing(a):
+            x = 0
+            for i in range(100):
+                x += a.attr
+                # eval should be escaping and so should cause optimization to stop and preserve both type versions
+                eval("None")
+                x += a.attr
+            return x
+
+        class Foo:
+            attr = 1
+        res, ex = self._run_with_optimizer(thing, Foo())
+        opnames = list(iter_opnames(ex))
+        self.assertIsNotNone(ex)
+        self.assertEqual(res, 200)
+        guard_type_version_count = opnames.count("_GUARD_TYPE_VERSION")
+        # Note: This will actually be 1 for noe
+        # https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/119365#discussion_r1626220129
+        self.assertEqual(guard_type_version_count, 2)
+
+
+    def test_guard_type_version_executor_invalidated(self):
+        """
+        Verify that the executor is invalided on a type change.
+        """
+
+        def thing(a):
+            x = 0
+            for i in range(100):
+                x += a.attr
+                x += a.attr
+            return x
+
+        class Foo:
+            attr = 1
+
+        res, ex = self._run_with_optimizer(thing, Foo())
+        self.assertEqual(res, 200)
+        self.assertIsNotNone(ex)
+        self.assertEqual(list(iter_opnames(ex)).count("_GUARD_TYPE_VERSION"), 1)
+        self.assertTrue(ex.is_valid())
+        Foo.attr = 0
+        self.assertFalse(ex.is_valid())
+
+    def test_type_version_doesnt_segfault(self):
+        """
+        Tests that setting a type version doesn't cause a segfault when later looking at the stack.
+        """
+
+        # Minimized from mdp.py benchmark
+
+        class A:
+            def __init__(self):
+                self.attr = {}
+
+            def method(self, arg):
+                self.attr[arg] = None
+
+        def fn(a):
+            for _ in range(100):
+                (_ for _ in [])
+                (_ for _ in [a.method(None)])
+
+        fn(A())
+
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_capi/test_set.py b/Lib/test/test_capi/test_set.py
index 499a5148d782ab..62d90a3f94326d 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_capi/test_set.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_capi/test_set.py
@@ -265,3 +265,7 @@ def test_set_next_entry(self):
         with self.assertRaises(SystemError):
             set_next(object(), 0)
         # CRASHES: set_next(NULL, 0)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_capi/test_structmembers.py b/Lib/test/test_capi/test_structmembers.py
index 08ca1f828529cf..6b27dc512a7d15 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_capi/test_structmembers.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_capi/test_structmembers.py
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 import unittest
 from test.support import import_helper
-from test.support import warnings_helper
 
 # Skip this test if the _testcapi module isn't available.
 import_helper.import_module('_testcapi')
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_capi/test_time.py b/Lib/test/test_capi/test_time.py
index 17ebd7c1962d48..989c158818ccf0 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_capi/test_time.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_capi/test_time.py
@@ -72,3 +72,7 @@ def test_time(self):
         # Test PyTime_Time() and PyTime_TimeRaw()
         self.check_clock(_testcapi.PyTime_Time, time.time)
         self.check_clock(_testcapi.PyTime_TimeRaw, time.time)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_capi/test_tuple.py b/Lib/test/test_capi/test_tuple.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..e6b49caeb51f32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/test_capi/test_tuple.py
@@ -0,0 +1,261 @@
+import unittest
+import sys
+from collections import namedtuple
+from test.support import import_helper
+
+_testcapi = import_helper.import_module('_testcapi')
+_testlimitedcapi = import_helper.import_module('_testlimitedcapi')
+
+NULL = None
+PY_SSIZE_T_MIN = _testcapi.PY_SSIZE_T_MIN
+PY_SSIZE_T_MAX = _testcapi.PY_SSIZE_T_MAX
+
+class TupleSubclass(tuple):
+    pass
+
+
+class CAPITest(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_check(self):
+        # Test PyTuple_Check()
+        check = _testlimitedcapi.tuple_check
+
+        self.assertTrue(check((1, 2)))
+        self.assertTrue(check(()))
+        self.assertTrue(check(TupleSubclass((1, 2))))
+        self.assertFalse(check({1: 2}))
+        self.assertFalse(check([1, 2]))
+        self.assertFalse(check(42))
+        self.assertFalse(check(object()))
+
+        # CRASHES check(NULL)
+
+    def test_tuple_checkexact(self):
+        # Test PyTuple_CheckExact()
+        check = _testlimitedcapi.tuple_checkexact
+
+        self.assertTrue(check((1, 2)))
+        self.assertTrue(check(()))
+        self.assertFalse(check(TupleSubclass((1, 2))))
+        self.assertFalse(check({1: 2}))
+        self.assertFalse(check([1, 2]))
+        self.assertFalse(check(42))
+        self.assertFalse(check(object()))
+
+        # CRASHES check(NULL)
+
+    def test_tuple_new(self):
+        # Test PyTuple_New()
+        tuple_new = _testlimitedcapi.tuple_new
+        size = _testlimitedcapi.tuple_size
+        checknull = _testcapi._check_tuple_item_is_NULL
+
+        tup1 = tuple_new(0)
+        self.assertEqual(tup1, ())
+        self.assertEqual(size(tup1), 0)
+        self.assertIs(type(tup1), tuple)
+        tup2 = tuple_new(1)
+        self.assertIs(type(tup2), tuple)
+        self.assertEqual(size(tup2), 1)
+        self.assertIsNot(tup2, tup1)
+        self.assertTrue(checknull(tup2, 0))
+
+        self.assertRaises(SystemError, tuple_new, -1)
+        self.assertRaises(SystemError, tuple_new, PY_SSIZE_T_MIN)
+        self.assertRaises(MemoryError, tuple_new, PY_SSIZE_T_MAX)
+
+    def test_tuple_pack(self):
+        # Test PyTuple_Pack()
+        pack = _testlimitedcapi.tuple_pack
+
+        self.assertEqual(pack(0), ())
+        self.assertEqual(pack(1, [1]), ([1],))
+        self.assertEqual(pack(2, [1], [2]), ([1], [2]))
+
+        self.assertRaises(SystemError, pack, PY_SSIZE_T_MIN)
+        self.assertRaises(SystemError, pack, -1)
+        self.assertRaises(MemoryError, pack, PY_SSIZE_T_MAX)
+
+        # CRASHES pack(1, NULL)
+        # CRASHES pack(2, [1])
+
+    def test_tuple_size(self):
+        # Test PyTuple_Size()
+        size = _testlimitedcapi.tuple_size
+
+        self.assertEqual(size(()), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(size((1, 2)), 2)
+        self.assertEqual(size(TupleSubclass((1, 2))), 2)
+
+        self.assertRaises(SystemError, size, [])
+        self.assertRaises(SystemError, size, 42)
+        self.assertRaises(SystemError, size, object())
+
+        # CRASHES size(NULL)
+
+    def test_tuple_get_size(self):
+        # Test PyTuple_GET_SIZE()
+        size = _testcapi.tuple_get_size
+
+        self.assertEqual(size(()), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(size((1, 2)), 2)
+        self.assertEqual(size(TupleSubclass((1, 2))), 2)
+
+    def test_tuple_getitem(self):
+        # Test PyTuple_GetItem()
+        getitem = _testlimitedcapi.tuple_getitem
+
+        tup = ([1], [2], [3])
+        self.assertEqual(getitem(tup, 0), [1])
+        self.assertEqual(getitem(tup, 2), [3])
+
+        tup2 = TupleSubclass(([1], [2], [3]))
+        self.assertEqual(getitem(tup2, 0), [1])
+        self.assertEqual(getitem(tup2, 2), [3])
+
+        self.assertRaises(IndexError, getitem, tup, PY_SSIZE_T_MIN)
+        self.assertRaises(IndexError, getitem, tup, -1)
+        self.assertRaises(IndexError, getitem, tup, len(tup))
+        self.assertRaises(IndexError, getitem, tup, PY_SSIZE_T_MAX)
+        self.assertRaises(SystemError, getitem, [1, 2, 3], 1)
+        self.assertRaises(SystemError, getitem, 42, 1)
+
+        # CRASHES getitem(NULL, 0)
+
+    def test_tuple_get_item(self):
+        # Test PyTuple_GET_ITEM()
+        get_item = _testcapi.tuple_get_item
+
+        tup = ([1], [2], [3])
+        self.assertEqual(get_item(tup, 0), [1])
+        self.assertEqual(get_item(tup, 2), [3])
+
+        tup2 = TupleSubclass(([1], [2], [3]))
+        self.assertEqual(get_item(tup2, 0), [1])
+        self.assertEqual(get_item(tup2, 2), [3])
+
+        # CRASHES get_item(NULL, 0)
+
+    def test_tuple_getslice(self):
+        # Test PyTuple_GetSlice()
+        getslice = _testlimitedcapi.tuple_getslice
+
+        # empty
+        tup = ([1], [2], [3])
+        self.assertEqual(getslice(tup, PY_SSIZE_T_MIN, 0), ())
+        self.assertEqual(getslice(tup, -1, 0), ())
+        self.assertEqual(getslice(tup, 3, PY_SSIZE_T_MAX), ())
+        self.assertEqual(getslice(tup, 1, 1), ())
+        self.assertEqual(getslice(tup, 2, 1), ())
+        tup = TupleSubclass(([1], [2], [3]))
+        self.assertEqual(getslice(tup, PY_SSIZE_T_MIN, 0), ())
+        self.assertEqual(getslice(tup, -1, 0), ())
+        self.assertEqual(getslice(tup, 3, PY_SSIZE_T_MAX), ())
+        self.assertEqual(getslice(tup, 1, 1), ())
+        self.assertEqual(getslice(tup, 2, 1), ())
+
+        # slice
+        tup = ([1], [2], [3], [4])
+        self.assertEqual(getslice(tup, 1, 3), ([2], [3]))
+        tup = TupleSubclass(([1], [2], [3], [4]))
+        self.assertEqual(getslice(tup, 1, 3), ([2], [3]))
+
+        # whole
+        tup = ([1], [2], [3])
+        self.assertEqual(getslice(tup, 0, 3), tup)
+        self.assertEqual(getslice(tup, 0, 100), tup)
+        self.assertEqual(getslice(tup, -100, 100), tup)
+        tup = TupleSubclass(([1], [2], [3]))
+        self.assertEqual(getslice(tup, 0, 3), tup)
+        self.assertEqual(getslice(tup, 0, 100), tup)
+        self.assertEqual(getslice(tup, -100, 100), tup)
+
+        self.assertRaises(SystemError, getslice, [[1], [2], [3]], 0, 0)
+        self.assertRaises(SystemError, getslice, 42, 0, 0)
+
+        # CRASHES getslice(NULL, 0, 0)
+
+    def test_tuple_setitem(self):
+        # Test PyTuple_SetItem()
+        setitem = _testlimitedcapi.tuple_setitem
+        checknull = _testcapi._check_tuple_item_is_NULL
+
+        tup = ([1], [2])
+        self.assertEqual(setitem(tup, 0, []), ([], [2]))
+        self.assertEqual(setitem(tup, 1, []), ([1], []))
+
+        tup2 = setitem(tup, 1, NULL)
+        self.assertTrue(checknull(tup2, 1))
+
+        tup2 = TupleSubclass(([1], [2]))
+        self.assertRaises(SystemError, setitem, tup2, 0, [])
+
+        self.assertRaises(IndexError, setitem, tup, PY_SSIZE_T_MIN, [])
+        self.assertRaises(IndexError, setitem, tup, -1, [])
+        self.assertRaises(IndexError, setitem, tup, len(tup), [])
+        self.assertRaises(IndexError, setitem, tup, PY_SSIZE_T_MAX, [])
+        self.assertRaises(SystemError, setitem, [1], 0, [])
+        self.assertRaises(SystemError, setitem, 42, 0, [])
+
+        # CRASHES setitem(NULL, 0, [])
+
+    def test_tuple_set_item(self):
+        # Test PyTuple_SET_ITEM()
+        set_item = _testcapi.tuple_set_item
+        checknull = _testcapi._check_tuple_item_is_NULL
+
+        tup = ([1], [2])
+        self.assertEqual(set_item(tup, 0, []), ([], [2]))
+        self.assertEqual(set_item(tup, 1, []), ([1], []))
+
+        tup2 = set_item(tup, 1, NULL)
+        self.assertTrue(checknull(tup2, 1))
+
+        tup2 = TupleSubclass(([1], [2]))
+        self.assertIs(set_item(tup2, 0, []), tup2)
+        self.assertEqual(tup2, ([], [2]))
+
+        # CRASHES set_item(tup, -1, [])
+        # CRASHES set_item(tup, len(tup), [])
+        # CRASHES set_item([1], 0, [])
+        # CRASHES set_item(NULL, 0, [])
+
+    def test__tuple_resize(self):
+        # Test _PyTuple_Resize()
+        resize = _testcapi._tuple_resize
+        checknull = _testcapi._check_tuple_item_is_NULL
+
+        a = ()
+        b = resize(a, 0, False)
+        self.assertEqual(len(a), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(len(b), 0)
+        b = resize(a, 2, False)
+        self.assertEqual(len(a), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(len(b), 2)
+        self.assertTrue(checknull(b, 0))
+        self.assertTrue(checknull(b, 1))
+
+        a = ([1], [2], [3])
+        b = resize(a, 3)
+        self.assertEqual(b, a)
+        b = resize(a, 2)
+        self.assertEqual(b, a[:2])
+        b = resize(a, 5)
+        self.assertEqual(len(b), 5)
+        self.assertEqual(b[:3], a)
+        self.assertTrue(checknull(b, 3))
+        self.assertTrue(checknull(b, 4))
+
+        a = ()
+        self.assertRaises(MemoryError, resize, a, PY_SSIZE_T_MAX)
+        self.assertRaises(SystemError, resize, a, -1)
+        self.assertRaises(SystemError, resize, a, PY_SSIZE_T_MIN)
+        # refcount > 1
+        a = (1, 2, 3)
+        self.assertRaises(SystemError, resize, a, 3, False)
+        self.assertRaises(SystemError, resize, a, 0, False)
+        # non-tuple
+        self.assertRaises(SystemError, resize, [1, 2, 3], 0, False)
+        self.assertRaises(SystemError, resize, NULL, 0, False)
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_capi/test_type.py b/Lib/test/test_capi/test_type.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..54c83e09f892a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/test_capi/test_type.py
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+from test.support import import_helper
+import unittest
+
+_testcapi = import_helper.import_module('_testcapi')
+
+
+class TypeTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_freeze(self):
+        # test PyType_Freeze()
+        type_freeze = _testcapi.type_freeze
+
+        # simple case, no inherante
+        class MyType:
+            pass
+        MyType.attr = "mutable"
+
+        type_freeze(MyType)
+        err_msg = "cannot set 'attr' attribute of immutable type 'MyType'"
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, err_msg):
+            # the class is now immutable
+            MyType.attr = "immutable"
+
+        # test MRO: PyType_Freeze() requires base classes to be immutable
+        class A: pass
+        class B: pass
+        class C(B): pass
+        class D(A, C): pass
+
+        self.assertEqual(D.mro(), [D, A, C, B, object])
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            type_freeze(D)
+
+        type_freeze(A)
+        type_freeze(B)
+        type_freeze(C)
+        # all parent classes are now immutable, so D can be made immutable
+        # as well
+        type_freeze(D)
+
+    def test_freeze_meta(self):
+        """test PyType_Freeze() with overridden MRO"""
+        type_freeze = _testcapi.type_freeze
+
+        class Base:
+            value = 1
+
+        class Meta(type):
+            def mro(cls):
+                return (cls, Base, object)
+
+        class FreezeThis(metaclass=Meta):
+            """This has `Base` in the MRO, but not tp_bases"""
+
+        self.assertEqual(FreezeThis.value, 1)
+
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            type_freeze(FreezeThis)
+
+        Base.value = 2
+        self.assertEqual(FreezeThis.value, 2)
+
+        type_freeze(Base)
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            Base.value = 3
+        type_freeze(FreezeThis)
+        self.assertEqual(FreezeThis.value, 2)
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_capi/test_unicode.py b/Lib/test/test_capi/test_unicode.py
index a69f817c515ba7..65d8242ad3fc60 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_capi/test_unicode.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_capi/test_unicode.py
@@ -16,6 +16,10 @@
     import _testinternalcapi
 except ImportError:
     _testinternalcapi = None
+try:
+    import ctypes
+except ImportError:
+    ctypes = None
 
 
 NULL = None
@@ -352,13 +356,13 @@ def test_fromobject(self):
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, fromobject, [])
         # CRASHES fromobject(NULL)
 
+    @unittest.skipIf(ctypes is None, 'need ctypes')
     def test_from_format(self):
         """Test PyUnicode_FromFormat()"""
         # Length modifiers "j" and "t" are not tested here because ctypes does
         # not expose types for intmax_t and ptrdiff_t.
         # _testlimitedcapi.test_string_from_format() has a wider coverage of all
         # formats.
-        import_helper.import_module('ctypes')
         from ctypes import (
             c_char_p,
             pythonapi, py_object, sizeof,
@@ -415,8 +419,29 @@ def check_format(expected, format, *args):
         # truncated string
         check_format('abc',
                      b'%.3s', b'abcdef')
+        check_format('abc[',
+                     b'%.6s', 'abc[\u20ac]'.encode('utf8'))
+        check_format('abc[\u20ac',
+                     b'%.7s', 'abc[\u20ac]'.encode('utf8'))
+        check_format('abc[\ufffd',
+                     b'%.5s', b'abc[\xff]')
+        check_format('abc[',
+                     b'%.6s', b'abc[\xe2\x82]')
+        check_format('abc[\ufffd]',
+                     b'%.7s', b'abc[\xe2\x82]')
         check_format('abc[\ufffd',
-                     b'%.5s', 'abc[\u20ac]'.encode('utf8'))
+                     b'%.7s', b'abc[\xe2\x82\0')
+        check_format('      abc[',
+                     b'%10.6s', 'abc[\u20ac]'.encode('utf8'))
+        check_format('     abc[\u20ac',
+                     b'%10.7s', 'abc[\u20ac]'.encode('utf8'))
+        check_format('     abc[\ufffd',
+                     b'%10.5s', b'abc[\xff]')
+        check_format('      abc[',
+                     b'%10.6s', b'abc[\xe2\x82]')
+        check_format('    abc[\ufffd]',
+                     b'%10.7s', b'abc[\xe2\x82]')
+
         check_format("'\\u20acABC'",
                      b'%A', '\u20acABC')
         check_format("'\\u20",
@@ -429,10 +454,31 @@ def check_format(expected, format, *args):
                      b'%.3S', '\u20acABCDEF')
         check_format('\u20acAB',
                      b'%.3U', '\u20acABCDEF')
+
         check_format('\u20acAB',
                      b'%.3V', '\u20acABCDEF', None)
+        check_format('abc[',
+                     b'%.6V', None, 'abc[\u20ac]'.encode('utf8'))
+        check_format('abc[\u20ac',
+                     b'%.7V', None, 'abc[\u20ac]'.encode('utf8'))
         check_format('abc[\ufffd',
-                     b'%.5V', None, 'abc[\u20ac]'.encode('utf8'))
+                     b'%.5V', None, b'abc[\xff]')
+        check_format('abc[',
+                     b'%.6V', None, b'abc[\xe2\x82]')
+        check_format('abc[\ufffd]',
+                     b'%.7V', None, b'abc[\xe2\x82]')
+        check_format('      abc[',
+                     b'%10.6V', None, 'abc[\u20ac]'.encode('utf8'))
+        check_format('     abc[\u20ac',
+                     b'%10.7V', None, 'abc[\u20ac]'.encode('utf8'))
+        check_format('     abc[\ufffd',
+                     b'%10.5V', None, b'abc[\xff]')
+        check_format('      abc[',
+                     b'%10.6V', None, b'abc[\xe2\x82]')
+        check_format('    abc[\ufffd]',
+                     b'%10.7V', None, b'abc[\xe2\x82]')
+        check_format('     abc[\ufffd',
+                     b'%10.7V', None, b'abc[\xe2\x82\0')
 
         # following tests comes from #7330
         # test width modifier and precision modifier with %S
@@ -1676,5 +1722,220 @@ def test_pep393_utf8_caching_bug(self):
                 self.assertEqual(getargs_s_hash(s), chr(k).encode() * (i + 1))
 
 
+class PyUnicodeWriterTest(unittest.TestCase):
+    def create_writer(self, size):
+        return _testcapi.PyUnicodeWriter(size)
+
+    def test_basic(self):
+        writer = self.create_writer(100)
+
+        # test PyUnicodeWriter_WriteUTF8()
+        writer.write_utf8(b'var', -1)
+
+        # test PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar()
+        writer.write_char('=')
+
+        # test PyUnicodeWriter_WriteSubstring()
+        writer.write_substring("[long]", 1, 5)
+
+        # test PyUnicodeWriter_WriteStr()
+        writer.write_str(" value ")
+
+        # test PyUnicodeWriter_WriteRepr()
+        writer.write_repr("repr")
+
+        self.assertEqual(writer.finish(),
+                         "var=long value 'repr'")
+
+    def test_utf8(self):
+        writer = self.create_writer(0)
+        writer.write_utf8(b"ascii", -1)
+        writer.write_char('-')
+        writer.write_utf8(b"latin1=\xC3\xA9", -1)
+        writer.write_char('-')
+        writer.write_utf8(b"euro=\xE2\x82\xAC", -1)
+        writer.write_char('.')
+        self.assertEqual(writer.finish(),
+                         "ascii-latin1=\xE9-euro=\u20AC.")
+
+    def test_invalid_utf8(self):
+        writer = self.create_writer(0)
+        with self.assertRaises(UnicodeDecodeError):
+            writer.write_utf8(b"invalid=\xFF", -1)
+
+    def test_recover_utf8_error(self):
+        # test recovering from PyUnicodeWriter_WriteUTF8() error
+        writer = self.create_writer(0)
+        writer.write_utf8(b"value=", -1)
+
+        # write fails with an invalid string
+        with self.assertRaises(UnicodeDecodeError):
+            writer.write_utf8(b"invalid\xFF", -1)
+
+        # retry write with a valid string
+        writer.write_utf8(b"valid", -1)
+
+        self.assertEqual(writer.finish(),
+                         "value=valid")
+
+    def test_decode_utf8(self):
+        # test PyUnicodeWriter_DecodeUTF8Stateful()
+        writer = self.create_writer(0)
+        writer.decodeutf8stateful(b"ign\xFFore", -1, b"ignore")
+        writer.write_char('-')
+        writer.decodeutf8stateful(b"replace\xFF", -1, b"replace")
+        writer.write_char('-')
+
+        # incomplete trailing UTF-8 sequence
+        writer.decodeutf8stateful(b"incomplete\xC3", -1, b"replace")
+
+        self.assertEqual(writer.finish(),
+                         "ignore-replace\uFFFD-incomplete\uFFFD")
+
+    def test_decode_utf8_consumed(self):
+        # test PyUnicodeWriter_DecodeUTF8Stateful() with consumed
+        writer = self.create_writer(0)
+
+        # valid string
+        consumed = writer.decodeutf8stateful(b"text", -1, b"strict", True)
+        self.assertEqual(consumed, 4)
+        writer.write_char('-')
+
+        # non-ASCII
+        consumed = writer.decodeutf8stateful(b"\xC3\xA9-\xE2\x82\xAC", 6, b"strict", True)
+        self.assertEqual(consumed, 6)
+        writer.write_char('-')
+
+        # invalid UTF-8 (consumed is 0 on error)
+        with self.assertRaises(UnicodeDecodeError):
+            writer.decodeutf8stateful(b"invalid\xFF", -1, b"strict", True)
+
+        # ignore error handler
+        consumed = writer.decodeutf8stateful(b"more\xFF", -1, b"ignore", True)
+        self.assertEqual(consumed, 5)
+        writer.write_char('-')
+
+        # incomplete trailing UTF-8 sequence
+        consumed = writer.decodeutf8stateful(b"incomplete\xC3", -1, b"ignore", True)
+        self.assertEqual(consumed, 10)
+
+        self.assertEqual(writer.finish(), "text-\xE9-\u20AC-more-incomplete")
+
+    def test_widechar(self):
+        writer = self.create_writer(0)
+        writer.write_widechar("latin1=\xE9")
+        writer.write_widechar("-")
+        writer.write_widechar("euro=\u20AC")
+        writer.write_char("-")
+        writer.write_widechar("max=\U0010ffff")
+        writer.write_char('.')
+        self.assertEqual(writer.finish(),
+                         "latin1=\xE9-euro=\u20AC-max=\U0010ffff.")
+
+    def test_ucs4(self):
+        writer = self.create_writer(0)
+        writer.write_ucs4("ascii IGNORED", 5)
+        writer.write_char("-")
+        writer.write_ucs4("latin1=\xe9", 8)
+        writer.write_char("-")
+        writer.write_ucs4("euro=\u20ac", 6)
+        writer.write_char("-")
+        writer.write_ucs4("max=\U0010ffff", 5)
+        writer.write_char(".")
+        self.assertEqual(writer.finish(),
+                         "ascii-latin1=\xE9-euro=\u20AC-max=\U0010ffff.")
+
+        # Test some special characters
+        writer = self.create_writer(0)
+        # Lone surrogate character
+        writer.write_ucs4("lone\uDC80", 5)
+        writer.write_char("-")
+        # Surrogate pair
+        writer.write_ucs4("pair\uDBFF\uDFFF", 5)
+        writer.write_char("-")
+        writer.write_ucs4("null[\0]", 7)
+        self.assertEqual(writer.finish(),
+                         "lone\udc80-pair\udbff-null[\0]")
+
+        # invalid size
+        writer = self.create_writer(0)
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            writer.write_ucs4("text", -1)
+
+    def test_substring_empty(self):
+        writer = self.create_writer(0)
+        writer.write_substring("abc", 1, 1)
+        self.assertEqual(writer.finish(), '')
+
+
+@unittest.skipIf(ctypes is None, 'need ctypes')
+class PyUnicodeWriterFormatTest(unittest.TestCase):
+    def create_writer(self, size):
+        return _testcapi.PyUnicodeWriter(size)
+
+    def writer_format(self, writer, *args):
+        from ctypes import c_char_p, pythonapi, c_int, c_void_p
+        _PyUnicodeWriter_Format = getattr(pythonapi, "PyUnicodeWriter_Format")
+        _PyUnicodeWriter_Format.argtypes = (c_void_p, c_char_p,)
+        _PyUnicodeWriter_Format.restype = c_int
+
+        if _PyUnicodeWriter_Format(writer.get_pointer(), *args) < 0:
+            raise ValueError("PyUnicodeWriter_Format failed")
+
+    def test_format(self):
+        from ctypes import c_int
+        writer = self.create_writer(0)
+        self.writer_format(writer, b'%s %i', b'abc', c_int(123))
+        writer.write_char('.')
+        self.assertEqual(writer.finish(), 'abc 123.')
+
+    def test_recover_error(self):
+        # test recovering from PyUnicodeWriter_Format() error
+        writer = self.create_writer(0)
+        self.writer_format(writer, b"%s ", b"Hello")
+
+        # PyUnicodeWriter_Format() fails with an invalid format string
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            self.writer_format(writer, b"%s\xff", b"World")
+
+        # Retry PyUnicodeWriter_Format() with a valid format string
+        self.writer_format(writer, b"%s.", b"World")
+
+        self.assertEqual(writer.finish(), 'Hello World.')
+
+    def test_unicode_equal(self):
+        unicode_equal = _testlimitedcapi.unicode_equal
+
+        def copy(text):
+            return text.encode().decode()
+
+        self.assertTrue(unicode_equal("", ""))
+        self.assertTrue(unicode_equal("abc", "abc"))
+        self.assertTrue(unicode_equal("abc", copy("abc")))
+        self.assertTrue(unicode_equal("\u20ac", copy("\u20ac")))
+        self.assertTrue(unicode_equal("\U0010ffff", copy("\U0010ffff")))
+
+        self.assertFalse(unicode_equal("abc", "abcd"))
+        self.assertFalse(unicode_equal("\u20ac", "\u20ad"))
+        self.assertFalse(unicode_equal("\U0010ffff", "\U0010fffe"))
+
+        # str subclass
+        self.assertTrue(unicode_equal("abc", Str("abc")))
+        self.assertTrue(unicode_equal(Str("abc"), "abc"))
+        self.assertFalse(unicode_equal("abc", Str("abcd")))
+        self.assertFalse(unicode_equal(Str("abc"), "abcd"))
+
+        # invalid type
+        for invalid_type in (b'bytes', 123, ("tuple",)):
+            with self.subTest(invalid_type=invalid_type):
+                with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+                    unicode_equal("abc", invalid_type)
+                with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+                    unicode_equal(invalid_type, "abc")
+
+        # CRASHES unicode_equal("abc", NULL)
+        # CRASHES unicode_equal(NULL, "abc")
+
+
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_capi/test_watchers.py b/Lib/test/test_capi/test_watchers.py
index 90665a7561b316..8644479d83d5ed 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_capi/test_watchers.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_capi/test_watchers.py
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 import unittest
+import contextvars
 
 from contextlib import contextmanager, ExitStack
 from test.support import (
     catch_unraisable_exception, import_helper,
-    gc_collect, suppress_immortalization)
+    gc_collect)
 
 
 # Skip this test if the _testcapi module isn't available.
@@ -96,6 +97,23 @@ def test_dealloc(self):
             del d
             self.assert_events(["dealloc"])
 
+    def test_object_dict(self):
+        class MyObj: pass
+        o = MyObj()
+
+        with self.watcher() as wid:
+            self.watch(wid, o.__dict__)
+            o.foo = "bar"
+            o.foo = "baz"
+            del o.foo
+            self.assert_events(["new:foo:bar", "mod:foo:baz", "del:foo"])
+
+        with self.watcher() as wid:
+            self.watch(wid, o.__dict__)
+            for _ in range(100):
+                o.foo = "bar"
+            self.assert_events(["new:foo:bar"] + ["mod:foo:bar"] * 99)
+
     def test_unwatch(self):
         d = {}
         with self.watcher() as wid:
@@ -282,8 +300,10 @@ class C: pass
             self.watch(wid, C)
             with catch_unraisable_exception() as cm:
                 C.foo = "bar"
-                self.assertEqual(cm.unraisable.err_msg,
-                    f"Exception ignored in type watcher callback #0 for {C!r}")
+                self.assertEqual(
+                    cm.unraisable.err_msg,
+                    f"Exception ignored in type watcher callback #1 for {C!r}",
+                )
                 self.assertIs(cm.unraisable.object, None)
                 self.assertEqual(str(cm.unraisable.exc_value), "boom!")
             self.assert_events([])
@@ -384,7 +404,6 @@ def assert_event_counts(self, exp_created_0, exp_destroyed_0,
         self.assertEqual(
             exp_destroyed_1, _testcapi.get_code_watcher_num_destroyed_events(1))
 
-    @suppress_immortalization()
     def test_code_object_events_dispatched(self):
         # verify that all counts are zero before any watchers are registered
         self.assert_event_counts(0, 0, 0, 0)
@@ -431,7 +450,6 @@ def test_error(self):
                 self.assertIsNone(cm.unraisable.object)
                 self.assertEqual(str(cm.unraisable.exc_value), "boom!")
 
-    @suppress_immortalization()
     def test_dealloc_error(self):
         co = _testcapi.code_newempty("test_watchers", "dummy0", 0)
         with self.code_watcher(2):
@@ -569,5 +587,92 @@ def test_allocate_too_many_watchers(self):
             _testcapi.allocate_too_many_func_watchers()
 
 
+class TestContextObjectWatchers(unittest.TestCase):
+    @contextmanager
+    def context_watcher(self, which_watcher):
+        wid = _testcapi.add_context_watcher(which_watcher)
+        try:
+            switches = _testcapi.get_context_switches(which_watcher)
+        except ValueError:
+            switches = None
+        try:
+            yield switches
+        finally:
+            _testcapi.clear_context_watcher(wid)
+
+    def assert_event_counts(self, want_0, want_1):
+        self.assertEqual(len(_testcapi.get_context_switches(0)), want_0)
+        self.assertEqual(len(_testcapi.get_context_switches(1)), want_1)
+
+    def test_context_object_events_dispatched(self):
+        # verify that all counts are zero before any watchers are registered
+        self.assert_event_counts(0, 0)
+
+        # verify that all counts remain zero when a context object is
+        # entered and exited with no watchers registered
+        ctx = contextvars.copy_context()
+        ctx.run(self.assert_event_counts, 0, 0)
+        self.assert_event_counts(0, 0)
+
+        # verify counts are as expected when first watcher is registered
+        with self.context_watcher(0):
+            self.assert_event_counts(0, 0)
+            ctx.run(self.assert_event_counts, 1, 0)
+            self.assert_event_counts(2, 0)
+
+            # again with second watcher registered
+            with self.context_watcher(1):
+                self.assert_event_counts(2, 0)
+                ctx.run(self.assert_event_counts, 3, 1)
+                self.assert_event_counts(4, 2)
+
+        # verify counts are reset and don't change after both watchers are cleared
+        ctx.run(self.assert_event_counts, 0, 0)
+        self.assert_event_counts(0, 0)
+
+    def test_callback_error(self):
+        ctx_outer = contextvars.copy_context()
+        ctx_inner = contextvars.copy_context()
+        unraisables = []
+
+        def _in_outer():
+            with self.context_watcher(2):
+                with catch_unraisable_exception() as cm:
+                    ctx_inner.run(lambda: unraisables.append(cm.unraisable))
+                    unraisables.append(cm.unraisable)
+
+        try:
+            ctx_outer.run(_in_outer)
+            self.assertEqual([x.err_msg for x in unraisables],
+                             ["Exception ignored in Py_CONTEXT_SWITCHED "
+                              f"watcher callback for {ctx!r}"
+                              for ctx in [ctx_inner, ctx_outer]])
+            self.assertEqual([str(x.exc_value) for x in unraisables],
+                             ["boom!", "boom!"])
+        finally:
+            # Break reference cycle
+            unraisables = None
+
+    def test_clear_out_of_range_watcher_id(self):
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, r"Invalid context watcher ID -1"):
+            _testcapi.clear_context_watcher(-1)
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, r"Invalid context watcher ID 8"):
+            _testcapi.clear_context_watcher(8)  # CONTEXT_MAX_WATCHERS = 8
+
+    def test_clear_unassigned_watcher_id(self):
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, r"No context watcher set for ID 1"):
+            _testcapi.clear_context_watcher(1)
+
+    def test_allocate_too_many_watchers(self):
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, r"no more context watcher IDs available"):
+            _testcapi.allocate_too_many_context_watchers()
+
+    def test_exit_base_context(self):
+        ctx = contextvars.Context()
+        _testcapi.clear_context_stack()
+        with self.context_watcher(0) as switches:
+            ctx.run(lambda: None)
+        self.assertEqual(switches, [ctx, None])
+
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_cext/__init__.py b/Lib/test/test_cext/__init__.py
index ec44b0ce1f8a56..54859f9ff7622d 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_cext/__init__.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_cext/__init__.py
@@ -86,6 +86,8 @@ def run_cmd(operation, cmd):
         cmd = [python_exe, '-X', 'dev',
                '-m', 'pip', 'install', '--no-build-isolation',
                os.path.abspath(pkg_dir)]
+        if support.verbose:
+            cmd.append('-v')
         run_cmd('Install', cmd)
 
         # Do a reference run. Until we test that running python
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_cext/extension.c b/Lib/test/test_cext/extension.c
index eb23dbe20353ba..b76abe1d74c628 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_cext/extension.c
+++ b/Lib/test/test_cext/extension.c
@@ -37,7 +37,13 @@ static PyMethodDef _testcext_methods[] = {
 
 
 static int
-_testcext_exec(PyObject *module)
+_testcext_exec(
+#ifdef __STDC_VERSION__
+    PyObject *module
+#else
+    PyObject *Py_UNUSED(module)
+#endif
+    )
 {
 #ifdef __STDC_VERSION__
     if (PyModule_AddIntMacro(module, __STDC_VERSION__) < 0) {
@@ -53,7 +59,7 @@ _testcext_exec(PyObject *module)
 }
 
 static PyModuleDef_Slot _testcext_slots[] = {
-    {Py_mod_exec, _testcext_exec},
+    {Py_mod_exec, (void*)_testcext_exec},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_cext/setup.py b/Lib/test/test_cext/setup.py
index ccad3fa62ad086..e97749b45ea6f3 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_cext/setup.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_cext/setup.py
@@ -11,12 +11,16 @@
 
 
 SOURCE = 'extension.c'
+
 if not support.MS_WINDOWS:
     # C compiler flags for GCC and clang
     CFLAGS = [
         # The purpose of test_cext extension is to check that building a C
         # extension using the Python C API does not emit C compiler warnings.
         '-Werror',
+
+        # gh-120593: Check the 'const' qualifier
+        '-Wcast-qual',
     ]
     if not support.Py_GIL_DISABLED:
         CFLAGS.append(
@@ -25,8 +29,13 @@
             '-Werror=declaration-after-statement',
         )
 else:
-    # Don't pass any compiler flag to MSVC
-    CFLAGS = []
+    # MSVC compiler flags
+    CFLAGS = [
+        # Display warnings level 1 to 4
+        '/W4',
+        # Treat all compiler warnings as compiler errors
+        '/WX',
+    ]
 
 
 def main():
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_class.py b/Lib/test/test_class.py
index 655d53b8d5bb6a..b88c4d16ba4ef4 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_class.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_class.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 "Test the functionality of Python classes implementing operators."
 
 import unittest
+from test.support import cpython_only, import_helper, script_helper
 
 testmeths = [
 
@@ -787,6 +788,19 @@ def __init__(self, obj):
             Type(i)
         self.assertEqual(calls, 100)
 
+    def test_specialization_class_call_doesnt_crash(self):
+        # gh-123185
+
+        class Foo:
+            def __init__(self, arg):
+                pass
+
+        for _ in range(8):
+            try:
+                Foo()
+            except:
+                pass
+
 
 from _testinternalcapi import has_inline_values
 
@@ -882,6 +896,24 @@ class Foo:
         f.a = 3
         self.assertEqual(f.a, 3)
 
+    def test_rematerialize_object_dict(self):
+        # gh-121860: rematerializing an object's managed dictionary after it
+        # had been deleted caused a crash.
+        class Foo: pass
+        f = Foo()
+        f.__dict__["attr"] = 1
+        del f.__dict__
+
+        # Using a str subclass is a way to trigger the re-materialization
+        class StrSubclass(str): pass
+        self.assertFalse(hasattr(f, StrSubclass("attr")))
+
+        # Changing the __class__ also triggers the re-materialization
+        class Bar: pass
+        f.__class__ = Bar
+        self.assertIsInstance(f, Bar)
+        self.assertEqual(f.__dict__, {})
+
     def test_store_attr_type_cache(self):
         """Verifies that the type cache doesn't provide a value which  is
         inconsistent from the dict."""
@@ -897,10 +929,40 @@ class C:
         C.a
         C.a
 
-        # destructor shouldn't be able to see inconsisent state
+        # destructor shouldn't be able to see inconsistent state
         C.a = X()
         C.a = X()
 
+    @cpython_only
+    def test_detach_materialized_dict_no_memory(self):
+        # Skip test if _testcapi is not available:
+        import_helper.import_module('_testcapi')
+
+        code = """if 1:
+            import test.support
+            import _testcapi
+
+            class A:
+                def __init__(self):
+                    self.a = 1
+                    self.b = 2
+            a = A()
+            d = a.__dict__
+            with test.support.catch_unraisable_exception() as ex:
+                _testcapi.set_nomemory(0, 1)
+                del a
+                assert ex.unraisable.exc_type is MemoryError
+            try:
+                d["a"]
+            except KeyError:
+                pass
+            else:
+                assert False, "KeyError not raised"
+        """
+        rc, out, err = script_helper.assert_python_ok("-c", code)
+        self.assertEqual(rc, 0)
+        self.assertFalse(out, msg=out.decode('utf-8'))
+        self.assertFalse(err, msg=err.decode('utf-8'))
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_clinic.py b/Lib/test/test_clinic.py
index d9e4ce280c68a1..402106194f169f 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_clinic.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_clinic.py
@@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ def __init__(self):
         """
         self.expect_failure(block, err, lineno=8)
 
-    def test_multiple_star_in_args(self):
+    def test_star_after_vararg(self):
         err = "'my_test_func' uses '*' more than once."
         block = """
             /*[clinic input]
@@ -336,6 +336,20 @@ def test_multiple_star_in_args(self):
         """
         self.expect_failure(block, err, lineno=6)
 
+    def test_vararg_after_star(self):
+        err = "'my_test_func' uses '*' more than once."
+        block = """
+            /*[clinic input]
+            my_test_func
+
+                pos_arg: object
+                *
+                *args: object
+                kw_arg: object
+            [clinic start generated code]*/
+        """
+        self.expect_failure(block, err, lineno=6)
+
     def test_module_already_got_one(self):
         err = "Already defined module 'm'!"
         block = """
@@ -1787,13 +1801,43 @@ def test_parameters_required_after_depr_star2(self):
         )
         self.expect_failure(block, err, lineno=4)
 
+    def test_parameters_required_after_depr_star3(self):
+        block = """
+            module foo
+            foo.bar
+                a: int
+                * [from 3.14]
+                *args: object
+                b: int
+            Docstring.
+        """
+        err = (
+            "Function 'bar' specifies '* [from ...]' without "
+            "following parameters."
+        )
+        self.expect_failure(block, err, lineno=4)
+
     def test_depr_star_must_come_before_star(self):
         block = """
             module foo
             foo.bar
-                this: int
+                a: int
                 *
                 * [from 3.14]
+                b: int
+            Docstring.
+        """
+        err = "Function 'bar': '* [from ...]' must precede '*'"
+        self.expect_failure(block, err, lineno=4)
+
+    def test_depr_star_must_come_before_vararg(self):
+        block = """
+            module foo
+            foo.bar
+                a: int
+                *args: object
+                * [from 3.14]
+                b: int
             Docstring.
         """
         err = "Function 'bar': '* [from ...]' must precede '*'"
@@ -1908,7 +1952,7 @@ def test_double_slash(self):
         err = "Function 'bar' uses '/' more than once."
         self.expect_failure(block, err)
 
-    def test_mix_star_and_slash(self):
+    def test_slash_after_star(self):
         block = """
             module foo
             foo.bar
@@ -1921,6 +1965,19 @@ def test_mix_star_and_slash(self):
         err = "Function 'bar': '/' must precede '*'"
         self.expect_failure(block, err)
 
+    def test_slash_after_vararg(self):
+        block = """
+            module foo
+            foo.bar
+               x: int
+               y: int
+               *args: object
+               z: int
+               /
+        """
+        err = "Function 'bar': '/' must precede '*'"
+        self.expect_failure(block, err)
+
     def test_depr_star_must_come_after_slash(self):
         block = """
             module foo
@@ -1960,6 +2017,19 @@ def test_star_must_come_after_depr_slash(self):
         err = "Function 'bar': '/ [from ...]' must precede '*'"
         self.expect_failure(block, err, lineno=4)
 
+    def test_vararg_must_come_after_depr_slash(self):
+        block = """
+            module foo
+            foo.bar
+                a: int
+                *args: object
+                / [from 3.14]
+                b: int
+            Docstring.
+        """
+        err = "Function 'bar': '/ [from ...]' must precede '*'"
+        self.expect_failure(block, err, lineno=4)
+
     def test_depr_slash_must_come_after_slash(self):
         block = """
             module foo
@@ -1987,7 +2057,7 @@ def test_parameters_not_permitted_after_slash_for_now(self):
         self.expect_failure(block, err)
 
     def test_parameters_no_more_than_one_vararg(self):
-        err = "Too many var args"
+        err = "Function 'bar' uses '*' more than once."
         block = """
             module foo
             foo.bar
@@ -2624,7 +2694,7 @@ def test_cli_force(self):
             # Verify by checking the checksum.
             checksum = (
                 "/*[clinic end generated code: "
-                "output=c16447c01510dfb3 input=9543a8d2da235301]*/\n"
+                "output=0acbef4794cb933e input=9543a8d2da235301]*/\n"
             )
             with open(fn, encoding='utf-8') as f:
                 generated = f.read()
@@ -3308,44 +3378,85 @@ def test_keyword_only_parameter(self):
             ac_tester.keyword_only_parameter(1)
         self.assertEqual(ac_tester.keyword_only_parameter(a=1), (1,))
 
-    def test_posonly_vararg(self):
-        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
-            ac_tester.posonly_vararg()
-        self.assertEqual(ac_tester.posonly_vararg(1, 2), (1, 2, ()))
-        self.assertEqual(ac_tester.posonly_vararg(1, b=2), (1, 2, ()))
-        self.assertEqual(ac_tester.posonly_vararg(1, 2, 3, 4), (1, 2, (3, 4)))
-        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
-            ac_tester.posonly_vararg(b=4)
-        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
-            ac_tester.posonly_vararg(1, 2, 3, b=4)
-
-    def test_vararg_and_posonly(self):
-        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
-            ac_tester.vararg_and_posonly()
-        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
-            ac_tester.vararg_and_posonly(1, b=2)
-        self.assertEqual(ac_tester.vararg_and_posonly(1, 2, 3, 4), (1, (2, 3, 4)))
-
-    def test_vararg(self):
-        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
-            ac_tester.vararg()
-        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
-            ac_tester.vararg(1, b=2)
-        self.assertEqual(ac_tester.vararg(1, 2, 3, 4), (1, (2, 3, 4)))
+    def test_varpos(self):
+        # fn(*args)
+        fn = ac_tester.varpos
+        self.assertEqual(fn(), ())
+        self.assertEqual(fn(1, 2), (1, 2))
 
-    def test_vararg_with_default(self):
-        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
-            ac_tester.vararg_with_default()
-        self.assertEqual(ac_tester.vararg_with_default(1, b=False), (1, (), False))
-        self.assertEqual(ac_tester.vararg_with_default(1, 2, 3, 4), (1, (2, 3, 4), False))
-        self.assertEqual(ac_tester.vararg_with_default(1, 2, 3, 4, b=True), (1, (2, 3, 4), True))
-
-    def test_vararg_with_only_defaults(self):
-        self.assertEqual(ac_tester.vararg_with_only_defaults(), ((), None))
-        self.assertEqual(ac_tester.vararg_with_only_defaults(b=2), ((), 2))
-        self.assertEqual(ac_tester.vararg_with_only_defaults(1, b=2), ((1, ), 2))
-        self.assertEqual(ac_tester.vararg_with_only_defaults(1, 2, 3, 4), ((1, 2, 3, 4), None))
-        self.assertEqual(ac_tester.vararg_with_only_defaults(1, 2, 3, 4, b=5), ((1, 2, 3, 4), 5))
+    def test_posonly_varpos(self):
+        # fn(a, b, /, *args)
+        fn = ac_tester.posonly_varpos
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, fn)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, fn, 1)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, fn, 1, b=2)
+        self.assertEqual(fn(1, 2), (1, 2, ()))
+        self.assertEqual(fn(1, 2, 3, 4), (1, 2, (3, 4)))
+
+    def test_posonly_poskw_varpos(self):
+        # fn(a, /, b, *args)
+        fn = ac_tester.posonly_poskw_varpos
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, fn)
+        self.assertEqual(fn(1, 2), (1, 2, ()))
+        self.assertEqual(fn(1, b=2), (1, 2, ()))
+        self.assertEqual(fn(1, 2, 3, 4), (1, 2, (3, 4)))
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, fn, b=4)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, fn, 1, 2, 3, b=4)
+
+    def test_poskw_varpos(self):
+        # fn(a, *args)
+        fn = ac_tester.poskw_varpos
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, fn)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, fn, 1, b=2)
+        self.assertEqual(fn(a=1), (1, ()))
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, fn, 1, a=2)
+        self.assertEqual(fn(1), (1, ()))
+        self.assertEqual(fn(1, 2, 3, 4), (1, (2, 3, 4)))
+
+    def test_poskw_varpos_kwonly_opt(self):
+        # fn(a, *args, b=False)
+        fn = ac_tester.poskw_varpos_kwonly_opt
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, fn)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, fn, 1, a=2)
+        self.assertEqual(fn(1, b=2), (1, (), True))
+        self.assertEqual(fn(1, 2, 3, 4), (1, (2, 3, 4), False))
+        self.assertEqual(fn(1, 2, 3, 4, b=5), (1, (2, 3, 4), True))
+        self.assertEqual(fn(a=1), (1, (), False))
+        self.assertEqual(fn(a=1, b=2), (1, (), True))
+
+    def test_poskw_varpos_kwonly_opt2(self):
+        # fn(a, *args, b=False, c=False)
+        fn = ac_tester.poskw_varpos_kwonly_opt2
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, fn)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, fn, 1, a=2)
+        self.assertEqual(fn(1, b=2), (1, (), 2, False))
+        self.assertEqual(fn(1, b=2, c=3), (1, (), 2, 3))
+        self.assertEqual(fn(1, 2, 3), (1, (2, 3), False, False))
+        self.assertEqual(fn(1, 2, 3, b=4), (1, (2, 3), 4, False))
+        self.assertEqual(fn(1, 2, 3, b=4, c=5), (1, (2, 3), 4, 5))
+        self.assertEqual(fn(a=1), (1, (), False, False))
+        self.assertEqual(fn(a=1, b=2), (1, (), 2, False))
+        self.assertEqual(fn(a=1, b=2, c=3), (1, (), 2, 3))
+
+    def test_varpos_kwonly_opt(self):
+        # fn(*args, b=False)
+        fn = ac_tester.varpos_kwonly_opt
+        self.assertEqual(fn(), ((), False))
+        self.assertEqual(fn(b=2), ((), 2))
+        self.assertEqual(fn(1, b=2), ((1, ), 2))
+        self.assertEqual(fn(1, 2, 3, 4), ((1, 2, 3, 4), False))
+        self.assertEqual(fn(1, 2, 3, 4, b=5), ((1, 2, 3, 4), 5))
+
+    def test_varpos_kwonly_req_opt(self):
+        fn = ac_tester.varpos_kwonly_req_opt
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, fn)
+        self.assertEqual(fn(a=1), ((), 1, False, False))
+        self.assertEqual(fn(a=1, b=2), ((), 1, 2, False))
+        self.assertEqual(fn(a=1, b=2, c=3), ((), 1, 2, 3))
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, fn, 1)
+        self.assertEqual(fn(1, a=2), ((1,), 2, False, False))
+        self.assertEqual(fn(1, a=2, b=3), ((1,), 2, 3, False))
+        self.assertEqual(fn(1, a=2, b=3, c=4), ((1,), 2, 3, 4))
 
     def test_gh_32092_oob(self):
         ac_tester.gh_32092_oob(1, 2, 3, 4, kw1=5, kw2=6)
@@ -3369,35 +3480,19 @@ def test_gh_99240_double_free(self):
             ac_tester.gh_99240_double_free('a', '\0b')
 
     def test_null_or_tuple_for_varargs(self):
+        # fn(name, *constraints, covariant=False)
+        fn = ac_tester.null_or_tuple_for_varargs
         # All of these should not crash:
-        valid_args_for_test = [
-            (('a',), {},
-             ('a', (), False)),
-            (('a', 1, 2, 3), {'covariant': True},
-             ('a', (1, 2, 3), True)),
-            ((), {'name': 'a'},
-             ('a', (), False)),
-            ((), {'name': 'a', 'covariant': True},
-             ('a', (), True)),
-            ((), {'covariant': True, 'name': 'a'},
-             ('a', (), True)),
-        ]
-        for args, kwargs, expected in valid_args_for_test:
-            with self.subTest(args=args, kwargs=kwargs):
-                self.assertEqual(
-                    ac_tester.null_or_tuple_for_varargs(*args, **kwargs),
-                    expected,
-                )
+        self.assertEqual(fn('a'), ('a', (), False))
+        self.assertEqual(fn('a', 1, 2, 3, covariant=True), ('a', (1, 2, 3), True))
+        self.assertEqual(fn(name='a'), ('a', (), False))
+        self.assertEqual(fn(name='a', covariant=True), ('a', (), True))
+        self.assertEqual(fn(covariant=True, name='a'), ('a', (), True))
 
-    def test_null_or_tuple_for_varargs_error(self):
-        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
-            ac_tester.null_or_tuple_for_varargs(covariant=True)
-        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
-            ac_tester.null_or_tuple_for_varargs(1, name='a')
-        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
-            ac_tester.null_or_tuple_for_varargs(1, 2, 3, name='a', covariant=True)
-        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
-            ac_tester.null_or_tuple_for_varargs(1, 2, 3, covariant=True, name='a')
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, fn, covariant=True)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, fn, 1, name='a')
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, fn, 1, 2, 3, name='a', covariant=True)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, fn, 1, 2, 3, covariant=True, name='a')
 
     def test_cloned_func_exception_message(self):
         incorrect_arg = -1  # f1() and f2() accept a single str
@@ -3456,6 +3551,34 @@ def test_get_defining_class_arg(self):
         with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
             obj.get_defining_class_arg("arg1", "arg2")
 
+    def test_defclass_varpos(self):
+        # fn(*args)
+        cls = ac_tester.TestClass
+        obj = cls()
+        fn = obj.defclass_varpos
+        self.assertEqual(fn(), (cls, ()))
+        self.assertEqual(fn(1, 2), (cls, (1, 2)))
+        fn = cls.defclass_varpos
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, fn)
+        self.assertEqual(fn(obj), (cls, ()))
+        self.assertEqual(fn(obj, 1, 2), (cls, (1, 2)))
+
+    def test_defclass_posonly_varpos(self):
+        # fn(a, b, /, *args)
+        cls = ac_tester.TestClass
+        obj = cls()
+        fn = obj.defclass_posonly_varpos
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, fn)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, fn, 1)
+        self.assertEqual(fn(1, 2), (cls, 1, 2, ()))
+        self.assertEqual(fn(1, 2, 3, 4), (cls, 1, 2, (3, 4)))
+        fn = cls.defclass_posonly_varpos
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, fn)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, fn, obj)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, fn, obj, 1)
+        self.assertEqual(fn(obj, 1, 2), (cls, 1, 2, ()))
+        self.assertEqual(fn(obj, 1, 2, 3, 4), (cls, 1, 2, (3, 4)))
+
     def test_depr_star_new(self):
         cls = ac_tester.DeprStarNew
         cls()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_cmath.py b/Lib/test/test_cmath.py
index 57f80d5d8cd016..a96a5780b31b6f 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_cmath.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_cmath.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 from test.support import requires_IEEE_754, cpython_only, import_helper
+from test.support.testcase import ComplexesAreIdenticalMixin
 from test.test_math import parse_testfile, test_file
 import test.test_math as test_math
 import unittest
@@ -49,7 +50,7 @@
         (INF, NAN)
         ]]
 
-class CMathTests(unittest.TestCase):
+class CMathTests(ComplexesAreIdenticalMixin, unittest.TestCase):
     # list of all functions in cmath
     test_functions = [getattr(cmath, fname) for fname in [
             'acos', 'acosh', 'asin', 'asinh', 'atan', 'atanh',
@@ -65,39 +66,6 @@ def setUp(self):
     def tearDown(self):
         self.test_values.close()
 
-    def assertFloatIdentical(self, x, y):
-        """Fail unless floats x and y are identical, in the sense that:
-        (1) both x and y are nans, or
-        (2) both x and y are infinities, with the same sign, or
-        (3) both x and y are zeros, with the same sign, or
-        (4) x and y are both finite and nonzero, and x == y
-
-        """
-        msg = 'floats {!r} and {!r} are not identical'
-
-        if math.isnan(x) or math.isnan(y):
-            if math.isnan(x) and math.isnan(y):
-                return
-        elif x == y:
-            if x != 0.0:
-                return
-            # both zero; check that signs match
-            elif math.copysign(1.0, x) == math.copysign(1.0, y):
-                return
-            else:
-                msg += ': zeros have different signs'
-        self.fail(msg.format(x, y))
-
-    def assertComplexIdentical(self, x, y):
-        """Fail unless complex numbers x and y have equal values and signs.
-
-        In particular, if x and y both have real (or imaginary) part
-        zero, but the zeros have different signs, this test will fail.
-
-        """
-        self.assertFloatIdentical(x.real, y.real)
-        self.assertFloatIdentical(x.imag, y.imag)
-
     def rAssertAlmostEqual(self, a, b, rel_err = 2e-15, abs_err = 5e-323,
                            msg=None):
         """Fail if the two floating-point numbers are not almost equal.
@@ -555,7 +523,7 @@ def test_isinf(self):
     @requires_IEEE_754
     def testTanhSign(self):
         for z in complex_zeros:
-            self.assertComplexIdentical(cmath.tanh(z), z)
+            self.assertComplexesAreIdentical(cmath.tanh(z), z)
 
     # The algorithm used for atan and atanh makes use of the system
     # log1p function; If that system function doesn't respect the sign
@@ -564,12 +532,12 @@ def testTanhSign(self):
     @requires_IEEE_754
     def testAtanSign(self):
         for z in complex_zeros:
-            self.assertComplexIdentical(cmath.atan(z), z)
+            self.assertComplexesAreIdentical(cmath.atan(z), z)
 
     @requires_IEEE_754
     def testAtanhSign(self):
         for z in complex_zeros:
-            self.assertComplexIdentical(cmath.atanh(z), z)
+            self.assertComplexesAreIdentical(cmath.atanh(z), z)
 
 
 class IsCloseTests(test_math.IsCloseTests):
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_cmd_line.py b/Lib/test/test_cmd_line.py
index 058470082fbbf0..35725718152c56 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_cmd_line.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_cmd_line.py
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 import os
 import subprocess
 import sys
+import sysconfig
 import tempfile
 import textwrap
 import unittest
@@ -737,7 +738,7 @@ def test_xdev(self):
 
         # Memory allocator debug hooks
         try:
-            import _testinternalcapi
+            import _testinternalcapi  # noqa: F401
         except ImportError:
             pass
         else:
@@ -754,7 +755,7 @@ def test_xdev(self):
 
         # Faulthandler
         try:
-            import faulthandler
+            import faulthandler  # noqa: F401
         except ImportError:
             pass
         else:
@@ -879,19 +880,29 @@ def test_pythondevmode_env(self):
         self.assertEqual(proc.stdout.rstrip(), 'True')
         self.assertEqual(proc.returncode, 0, proc)
 
-    @unittest.skipUnless(support.Py_GIL_DISABLED,
-                         "PYTHON_GIL and -X gil only supported in Py_GIL_DISABLED builds")
     def test_python_gil(self):
         cases = [
             # (env, opt, expected, msg)
-            (None, None, 'None', "no options set"),
-            ('0', None, '0', "PYTHON_GIL=0"),
             ('1', None, '1', "PYTHON_GIL=1"),
-            ('1', '0', '0', "-X gil=0 overrides PYTHON_GIL=1"),
-            (None, '0', '0', "-X gil=0"),
             (None, '1', '1', "-X gil=1"),
         ]
 
+        if support.Py_GIL_DISABLED:
+            cases.extend(
+                [
+                    (None, None, 'None', "no options set"),
+                    ('0', None, '0', "PYTHON_GIL=0"),
+                    ('1', '0', '0', "-X gil=0 overrides PYTHON_GIL=1"),
+                    (None, '0', '0', "-X gil=0"),
+                ]
+            )
+        else:
+            cases.extend(
+                [
+                    (None, None, '1', '-X gil=0 (unsupported by this build)'),
+                    ('1', None, '1', 'PYTHON_GIL=0 (unsupported by this build)'),
+                ]
+            )
         code = "import sys; print(sys.flags.gil)"
         environ = dict(os.environ)
 
@@ -912,6 +923,75 @@ def test_python_gil(self):
                 self.assertEqual(proc.stdout.rstrip(), expected)
                 self.assertEqual(proc.stderr, '')
 
+    def test_python_asyncio_debug(self):
+        code = "import asyncio; print(asyncio.get_event_loop().get_debug())"
+        rc, out, err = assert_python_ok('-c', code, PYTHONASYNCIODEBUG='1')
+        self.assertIn(b'True', out)
+
+    @unittest.skipUnless(sysconfig.get_config_var('Py_TRACE_REFS'), "Requires --with-trace-refs build option")
+    def test_python_dump_refs(self):
+        code = 'import sys; sys._clear_type_cache()'
+        rc, out, err = assert_python_ok('-c', code, PYTHONDUMPREFS='1')
+        self.assertEqual(rc, 0)
+
+    @unittest.skipUnless(sysconfig.get_config_var('Py_TRACE_REFS'), "Requires --with-trace-refs build option")
+    def test_python_dump_refs_file(self):
+        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile() as dump_file:
+            code = 'import sys; sys._clear_type_cache()'
+            rc, out, err = assert_python_ok('-c', code, PYTHONDUMPREFSFILE=dump_file.name)
+            self.assertEqual(rc, 0)
+            with open(dump_file.name, 'r') as file:
+                contents = file.read()
+                self.assertIn('Remaining objects', contents)
+
+    @unittest.skipUnless(sys.platform == 'darwin', 'PYTHONEXECUTABLE only works on macOS')
+    def test_python_executable(self):
+        code = 'import sys; print(sys.executable)'
+        expected = "/busr/bbin/bpython"
+        rc, out, err = assert_python_ok('-c', code, PYTHONEXECUTABLE=expected)
+        self.assertIn(expected.encode(), out)
+
+    @unittest.skipUnless(support.MS_WINDOWS, 'Test only applicable on Windows')
+    def test_python_legacy_windows_fs_encoding(self):
+        code = "import sys; print(sys.getfilesystemencoding())"
+        expected = 'mbcs'
+        rc, out, err = assert_python_ok('-c', code, PYTHONLEGACYWINDOWSFSENCODING='1')
+        self.assertIn(expected.encode(), out)
+
+    @unittest.skipUnless(support.MS_WINDOWS, 'Test only applicable on Windows')
+    def test_python_legacy_windows_stdio(self):
+        code = "import sys; print(sys.stdin.encoding, sys.stdout.encoding)"
+        expected = 'cp'
+        rc, out, err = assert_python_ok('-c', code, PYTHONLEGACYWINDOWSSTDIO='1')
+        self.assertIn(expected.encode(), out)
+
+    @unittest.skipIf("-fsanitize" in sysconfig.get_config_vars().get('PY_CFLAGS', ()),
+                     "PYTHONMALLOCSTATS doesn't work with ASAN")
+    def test_python_malloc_stats(self):
+        code = "pass"
+        rc, out, err = assert_python_ok('-c', code, PYTHONMALLOCSTATS='1')
+        self.assertIn(b'Small block threshold', err)
+
+    def test_python_user_base(self):
+        code = "import site; print(site.USER_BASE)"
+        expected = "/custom/userbase"
+        rc, out, err = assert_python_ok('-c', code, PYTHONUSERBASE=expected)
+        self.assertIn(expected.encode(), out)
+
+    def test_python_basic_repl(self):
+        # Currently this only tests that the env var is set. See test_pyrepl.test_python_basic_repl.
+        code = "import os; print('PYTHON_BASIC_REPL' in os.environ)"
+        expected = "True"
+        rc, out, err = assert_python_ok('-c', code, PYTHON_BASIC_REPL='1')
+        self.assertIn(expected.encode(), out)
+
+    @unittest.skipUnless(sysconfig.get_config_var('HAVE_PERF_TRAMPOLINE'), "Requires HAVE_PERF_TRAMPOLINE support")
+    def test_python_perf_jit_support(self):
+        code = "import sys; print(sys.is_stack_trampoline_active())"
+        expected = "True"
+        rc, out, err = assert_python_ok('-c', code, PYTHON_PERF_JIT_SUPPORT='1')
+        self.assertIn(expected.encode(), out)
+
     @unittest.skipUnless(sys.platform == 'win32',
                          'bpo-32457 only applies on Windows')
     def test_argv0_normalization(self):
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_cmd_line_script.py b/Lib/test/test_cmd_line_script.py
index 3a5a8abf81e43d..f30107225ff612 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_cmd_line_script.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_cmd_line_script.py
@@ -543,7 +543,7 @@ def test_pep_409_verbiage(self):
         script = textwrap.dedent("""\
             try:
                 raise ValueError
-            except:
+            except ValueError:
                 raise NameError from None
             """)
         with os_helper.temp_dir() as script_dir:
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_code.py b/Lib/test/test_code.py
index ba77e1c5341db8..93f3a5833cb01e 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_code.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_code.py
@@ -141,9 +141,7 @@
     ctypes = None
 from test.support import (cpython_only,
                           check_impl_detail, requires_debug_ranges,
-                          gc_collect, Py_GIL_DISABLED,
-                          suppress_immortalization,
-                          skip_if_suppress_immortalization)
+                          gc_collect, Py_GIL_DISABLED)
 from test.support.script_helper import assert_python_ok
 from test.support import threading_helper, import_helper
 from test.support.bytecode_helper import instructions_with_positions
@@ -579,7 +577,6 @@ def test_interned_string_with_null(self):
 
     @cpython_only
     @unittest.skipUnless(Py_GIL_DISABLED, "does not intern all constants")
-    @skip_if_suppress_immortalization()
     def test_interned_constants(self):
         # compile separately to avoid compile time de-duping
 
@@ -599,7 +596,6 @@ def func2():
 
 class CodeWeakRefTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
-    @suppress_immortalization()
     def test_basic(self):
         # Create a code object in a clean environment so that we know we have
         # the only reference to it left.
@@ -850,7 +846,6 @@ def test_bad_index(self):
             self.assertEqual(GetExtra(f.__code__, FREE_INDEX+100,
                               ctypes.c_voidp(100)), 0)
 
-        @suppress_immortalization()
         def test_free_called(self):
             # Verify that the provided free function gets invoked
             # when the code object is cleaned up.
@@ -878,7 +873,6 @@ def test_get_set(self):
             del f
 
         @threading_helper.requires_working_threading()
-        @suppress_immortalization()
         def test_free_different_thread(self):
             # Freeing a code object on a different thread then
             # where the co_extra was set should be safe.
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_code_module.py b/Lib/test/test_code_module.py
index 259778a5cade98..37c7bc772ed8c7 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_code_module.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_code_module.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 "Test InteractiveConsole and InteractiveInterpreter from code module"
 import sys
+import traceback
 import unittest
 from textwrap import dedent
 from contextlib import ExitStack
@@ -30,6 +31,7 @@ def mock_sys(self):
 
 
 class TestInteractiveConsole(unittest.TestCase, MockSys):
+    maxDiff = None
 
     def setUp(self):
         self.console = code.InteractiveConsole()
@@ -61,21 +63,151 @@ def test_console_stderr(self):
             raise AssertionError("no console stdout")
 
     def test_syntax_error(self):
-        self.infunc.side_effect = ["undefined", EOFError('Finished')]
+        self.infunc.side_effect = ["def f():",
+                                   "    x = ?",
+                                   "",
+                                    EOFError('Finished')]
         self.console.interact()
-        for call in self.stderr.method_calls:
-            if 'NameError' in ''.join(call[1]):
-                break
-        else:
-            raise AssertionError("No syntax error from console")
+        output = ''.join(''.join(call[1]) for call in self.stderr.method_calls)
+        output = output[output.index('(InteractiveConsole)'):]
+        output = output[:output.index('\nnow exiting')]
+        self.assertEqual(output.splitlines()[1:], [
+            '  File "<console>", line 2',
+            '    x = ?',
+            '        ^',
+            'SyntaxError: invalid syntax'])
+        self.assertIs(self.sysmod.last_type, SyntaxError)
+        self.assertIs(type(self.sysmod.last_value), SyntaxError)
+        self.assertIsNone(self.sysmod.last_traceback)
+        self.assertIsNone(self.sysmod.last_value.__traceback__)
+        self.assertIs(self.sysmod.last_exc, self.sysmod.last_value)
+
+    def test_indentation_error(self):
+        self.infunc.side_effect = ["  1", EOFError('Finished')]
+        self.console.interact()
+        output = ''.join(''.join(call[1]) for call in self.stderr.method_calls)
+        output = output[output.index('(InteractiveConsole)'):]
+        output = output[:output.index('\nnow exiting')]
+        self.assertEqual(output.splitlines()[1:], [
+            '  File "<console>", line 1',
+            '    1',
+            'IndentationError: unexpected indent'])
+        self.assertIs(self.sysmod.last_type, IndentationError)
+        self.assertIs(type(self.sysmod.last_value), IndentationError)
+        self.assertIsNone(self.sysmod.last_traceback)
+        self.assertIsNone(self.sysmod.last_value.__traceback__)
+        self.assertIs(self.sysmod.last_exc, self.sysmod.last_value)
+
+    def test_unicode_error(self):
+        self.infunc.side_effect = ["'\ud800'", EOFError('Finished')]
+        self.console.interact()
+        output = ''.join(''.join(call[1]) for call in self.stderr.method_calls)
+        output = output[output.index('(InteractiveConsole)'):]
+        output = output[output.index('\n') + 1:]
+        self.assertTrue(output.startswith('UnicodeEncodeError: '), output)
+        self.assertIs(self.sysmod.last_type, UnicodeEncodeError)
+        self.assertIs(type(self.sysmod.last_value), UnicodeEncodeError)
+        self.assertIsNone(self.sysmod.last_traceback)
+        self.assertIsNone(self.sysmod.last_value.__traceback__)
+        self.assertIs(self.sysmod.last_exc, self.sysmod.last_value)
 
     def test_sysexcepthook(self):
-        self.infunc.side_effect = ["raise ValueError('')",
+        self.infunc.side_effect = ["def f():",
+                                   "    raise ValueError('BOOM!')",
+                                   "",
+                                   "f()",
+                                    EOFError('Finished')]
+        hook = mock.Mock()
+        self.sysmod.excepthook = hook
+        self.console.interact()
+        hook.assert_called()
+        hook.assert_called_with(self.sysmod.last_type,
+                                self.sysmod.last_value,
+                                self.sysmod.last_traceback)
+        self.assertIs(self.sysmod.last_type, ValueError)
+        self.assertIs(type(self.sysmod.last_value), ValueError)
+        self.assertIs(self.sysmod.last_traceback, self.sysmod.last_value.__traceback__)
+        self.assertIs(self.sysmod.last_exc, self.sysmod.last_value)
+        self.assertEqual(traceback.format_exception(self.sysmod.last_exc), [
+            'Traceback (most recent call last):\n',
+            '  File "<console>", line 1, in <module>\n',
+            '  File "<console>", line 2, in f\n',
+            'ValueError: BOOM!\n'])
+
+    def test_sysexcepthook_syntax_error(self):
+        self.infunc.side_effect = ["def f():",
+                                   "    x = ?",
+                                   "",
                                     EOFError('Finished')]
         hook = mock.Mock()
         self.sysmod.excepthook = hook
         self.console.interact()
-        self.assertTrue(hook.called)
+        hook.assert_called()
+        hook.assert_called_with(self.sysmod.last_type,
+                                self.sysmod.last_value,
+                                self.sysmod.last_traceback)
+        self.assertIs(self.sysmod.last_type, SyntaxError)
+        self.assertIs(type(self.sysmod.last_value), SyntaxError)
+        self.assertIsNone(self.sysmod.last_traceback)
+        self.assertIsNone(self.sysmod.last_value.__traceback__)
+        self.assertIs(self.sysmod.last_exc, self.sysmod.last_value)
+        self.assertEqual(traceback.format_exception(self.sysmod.last_exc), [
+            '  File "<console>", line 2\n',
+            '    x = ?\n',
+            '        ^\n',
+            'SyntaxError: invalid syntax\n'])
+
+    def test_sysexcepthook_indentation_error(self):
+        self.infunc.side_effect = ["  1", EOFError('Finished')]
+        hook = mock.Mock()
+        self.sysmod.excepthook = hook
+        self.console.interact()
+        hook.assert_called()
+        hook.assert_called_with(self.sysmod.last_type,
+                                self.sysmod.last_value,
+                                self.sysmod.last_traceback)
+        self.assertIs(self.sysmod.last_type, IndentationError)
+        self.assertIs(type(self.sysmod.last_value), IndentationError)
+        self.assertIsNone(self.sysmod.last_traceback)
+        self.assertIsNone(self.sysmod.last_value.__traceback__)
+        self.assertIs(self.sysmod.last_exc, self.sysmod.last_value)
+        self.assertEqual(traceback.format_exception(self.sysmod.last_exc), [
+            '  File "<console>", line 1\n',
+            '    1\n',
+            'IndentationError: unexpected indent\n'])
+
+    def test_sysexcepthook_crashing_doesnt_close_repl(self):
+        self.infunc.side_effect = ["1/0", "a = 123", "print(a)", EOFError('Finished')]
+        self.sysmod.excepthook = 1
+        self.console.interact()
+        self.assertEqual(['write', ('123', ), {}], self.stdout.method_calls[0])
+        error = "".join(call.args[0] for call in self.stderr.method_calls if call[0] == 'write')
+        self.assertIn("Error in sys.excepthook:", error)
+        self.assertEqual(error.count("'int' object is not callable"), 1)
+        self.assertIn("Original exception was:", error)
+        self.assertIn("division by zero", error)
+
+    def test_sysexcepthook_raising_BaseException(self):
+        self.infunc.side_effect = ["1/0", "a = 123", "print(a)", EOFError('Finished')]
+        s = "not so fast"
+        def raise_base(*args, **kwargs):
+            raise BaseException(s)
+        self.sysmod.excepthook = raise_base
+        self.console.interact()
+        self.assertEqual(['write', ('123', ), {}], self.stdout.method_calls[0])
+        error = "".join(call.args[0] for call in self.stderr.method_calls if call[0] == 'write')
+        self.assertIn("Error in sys.excepthook:", error)
+        self.assertEqual(error.count("not so fast"), 1)
+        self.assertIn("Original exception was:", error)
+        self.assertIn("division by zero", error)
+
+    def test_sysexcepthook_raising_SystemExit_gets_through(self):
+        self.infunc.side_effect = ["1/0"]
+        def raise_base(*args, **kwargs):
+            raise SystemExit
+        self.sysmod.excepthook = raise_base
+        with self.assertRaises(SystemExit):
+            self.console.interact()
 
     def test_banner(self):
         # with banner
@@ -134,6 +266,11 @@ def test_cause_tb(self):
         ValueError
         """)
         self.assertIn(expected, output)
+        self.assertIs(self.sysmod.last_type, ValueError)
+        self.assertIs(type(self.sysmod.last_value), ValueError)
+        self.assertIs(self.sysmod.last_traceback, self.sysmod.last_value.__traceback__)
+        self.assertIsNotNone(self.sysmod.last_traceback)
+        self.assertIs(self.sysmod.last_exc, self.sysmod.last_value)
 
     def test_context_tb(self):
         self.infunc.side_effect = ["try: ham\nexcept: eggs\n",
@@ -152,6 +289,11 @@ def test_context_tb(self):
         NameError: name 'eggs' is not defined
         """)
         self.assertIn(expected, output)
+        self.assertIs(self.sysmod.last_type, NameError)
+        self.assertIs(type(self.sysmod.last_value), NameError)
+        self.assertIs(self.sysmod.last_traceback, self.sysmod.last_value.__traceback__)
+        self.assertIsNotNone(self.sysmod.last_traceback)
+        self.assertIs(self.sysmod.last_exc, self.sysmod.last_value)
 
 
 class TestInteractiveConsoleLocalExit(unittest.TestCase, MockSys):
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_codeccallbacks.py b/Lib/test/test_codeccallbacks.py
index 4991330489d139..86e5e5c1474674 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_codeccallbacks.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_codeccallbacks.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+from _codecs import _unregister_error as _codecs_unregister_error
 import codecs
 import html.entities
 import itertools
@@ -1210,7 +1211,6 @@ def replace_with_long(exc):
             '\ufffd\x00\x00'
         )
 
-
     def test_fake_error_class(self):
         handlers = [
             codecs.strict_errors,
@@ -1235,6 +1235,31 @@ class FakeUnicodeError(Exception):
                     with self.assertRaises((TypeError, FakeUnicodeError)):
                         handler(FakeUnicodeError())
 
+    def test_reject_unregister_builtin_error_handler(self):
+        for name in [
+            'strict', 'ignore', 'replace', 'backslashreplace', 'namereplace',
+            'xmlcharrefreplace', 'surrogateescape', 'surrogatepass',
+        ]:
+            with self.subTest(name):
+                self.assertRaises(ValueError, _codecs_unregister_error, name)
+
+    def test_unregister_custom_error_handler(self):
+        def custom_handler(exc):
+            raise exc
+
+        custom_name = 'test.test_unregister_custom_error_handler'
+        self.assertRaises(LookupError, codecs.lookup_error, custom_name)
+        codecs.register_error(custom_name, custom_handler)
+        self.assertIs(codecs.lookup_error(custom_name), custom_handler)
+        self.assertTrue(_codecs_unregister_error(custom_name))
+        self.assertRaises(LookupError, codecs.lookup_error, custom_name)
+
+    def test_unregister_custom_unknown_error_handler(self):
+        unknown_name = 'test.test_unregister_custom_unknown_error_handler'
+        self.assertRaises(LookupError, codecs.lookup_error, unknown_name)
+        self.assertFalse(_codecs_unregister_error(unknown_name))
+        self.assertRaises(LookupError, codecs.lookup_error, unknown_name)
+
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_codecs.py b/Lib/test/test_codecs.py
index e05b95c2d60bad..290656f070503a 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_codecs.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_codecs.py
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 import contextlib
 import copy
 import io
-import locale
 import pickle
 import sys
 import unittest
@@ -1812,16 +1811,10 @@ def test_getwriter(self):
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, codecs.getwriter)
         self.assertRaises(LookupError, codecs.getwriter, "__spam__")
 
+    @support.run_with_locale('LC_CTYPE', 'tr_TR')
     def test_lookup_issue1813(self):
         # Issue #1813: under Turkish locales, lookup of some codecs failed
         # because 'I' is lowercased as "ı" (dotless i)
-        oldlocale = locale.setlocale(locale.LC_CTYPE)
-        self.addCleanup(locale.setlocale, locale.LC_CTYPE, oldlocale)
-        try:
-            locale.setlocale(locale.LC_CTYPE, 'tr_TR')
-        except locale.Error:
-            # Unsupported locale on this system
-            self.skipTest('test needs Turkish locale')
         c = codecs.lookup('ASCII')
         self.assertEqual(c.name, 'ascii')
 
@@ -2958,7 +2951,7 @@ def test_seek0(self):
     bytes_transform_encodings.append("zlib_codec")
     transform_aliases["zlib_codec"] = ["zip", "zlib"]
 try:
-    import bz2
+    import bz2  # noqa: F401
 except ImportError:
     pass
 else:
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_compile.py b/Lib/test/test_compile.py
index ba0bcc9c1ced99..6f838da6018741 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_compile.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_compile.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import contextlib
 import dis
 import io
+import itertools
 import math
 import opcode
 import os
@@ -12,10 +13,13 @@
 import types
 import textwrap
 import warnings
-import _testinternalcapi
+try:
+    import _testinternalcapi
+except ImportError:
+    _testinternalcapi = None
 
 from test import support
-from test.support import (script_helper, requires_debug_ranges,
+from test.support import (script_helper, requires_debug_ranges, run_code,
                           requires_specialization, get_c_recursion_limit)
 from test.support.bytecode_helper import instructions_with_positions
 from test.support.os_helper import FakePath
@@ -441,8 +445,8 @@ class A:
             def f():
                 __mangled = 1
                 __not_mangled__ = 2
-                import __mangled_mod
-                import __package__.module
+                import __mangled_mod       # noqa: F401
+                import __package__.module  # noqa: F401
 
         self.assertIn("_A__mangled", A.f.__code__.co_varnames)
         self.assertIn("__not_mangled__", A.f.__code__.co_varnames)
@@ -475,6 +479,19 @@ def test_dead_code_with_except_handler_compiles(self):
                     x = 2
                """), '<eval>', 'exec')
 
+    def test_try_except_in_while_with_chained_condition_compiles(self):
+        # see gh-124871
+        compile(textwrap.dedent("""
+            name_1, name_2, name_3 = 1, 2, 3
+            while name_3 <= name_2 > name_1:
+                try:
+                    raise
+                except:
+                    pass
+                finally:
+                    pass
+            """), '<eval>', 'exec')
+
     def test_compile_invalid_namedexpr(self):
         # gh-109351
         m = ast.Module(
@@ -502,6 +519,58 @@ def test_compile_invalid_namedexpr(self):
         with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "NamedExpr target must be a Name"):
             compile(ast.fix_missing_locations(m), "<file>", "exec")
 
+    def test_compile_redundant_jumps_and_nops_after_moving_cold_blocks(self):
+        # See gh-120367
+        code=textwrap.dedent("""
+            try:
+                pass
+            except:
+                pass
+            else:
+                match name_2:
+                    case b'':
+                        pass
+            finally:
+                something
+            """)
+
+        tree = ast.parse(code)
+
+        # make all instruction locations the same to create redundancies
+        for node in ast.walk(tree):
+            if hasattr(node,"lineno"):
+                 del node.lineno
+                 del node.end_lineno
+                 del node.col_offset
+                 del node.end_col_offset
+
+        compile(ast.fix_missing_locations(tree), "<file>", "exec")
+
+    def test_compile_redundant_jump_after_convert_pseudo_ops(self):
+        # See gh-120367
+        code=textwrap.dedent("""
+            if name_2:
+                pass
+            else:
+                try:
+                    pass
+                except:
+                    pass
+            ~name_5
+            """)
+
+        tree = ast.parse(code)
+
+        # make all instruction locations the same to create redundancies
+        for node in ast.walk(tree):
+            if hasattr(node,"lineno"):
+                 del node.lineno
+                 del node.end_lineno
+                 del node.col_offset
+                 del node.end_col_offset
+
+        compile(ast.fix_missing_locations(tree), "<file>", "exec")
+
     def test_compile_ast(self):
         fname = __file__
         if fname.lower().endswith('pyc'):
@@ -818,6 +887,60 @@ def unused_code_at_end():
             'RETURN_CONST',
             list(dis.get_instructions(unused_code_at_end))[-1].opname)
 
+    @support.cpython_only
+    def test_docstring(self):
+        src = textwrap.dedent("""
+            def with_docstring():
+                "docstring"
+
+            def two_strings():
+                "docstring"
+                "not docstring"
+
+            def with_fstring():
+                f"not docstring"
+
+            def with_const_expression():
+                "also" + " not docstring"
+            """)
+
+        for opt in [0, 1, 2]:
+            with self.subTest(opt=opt):
+                code = compile(src, "<test>", "exec", optimize=opt)
+                ns = {}
+                exec(code, ns)
+
+                if opt < 2:
+                    self.assertEqual(ns['with_docstring'].__doc__, "docstring")
+                    self.assertEqual(ns['two_strings'].__doc__, "docstring")
+                else:
+                    self.assertIsNone(ns['with_docstring'].__doc__)
+                    self.assertIsNone(ns['two_strings'].__doc__)
+                self.assertIsNone(ns['with_fstring'].__doc__)
+                self.assertIsNone(ns['with_const_expression'].__doc__)
+
+    @support.cpython_only
+    def test_docstring_interactive_mode(self):
+        srcs = [
+            """def with_docstring():
+                "docstring"
+            """,
+            """class with_docstring:
+                "docstring"
+            """,
+        ]
+
+        for opt in [0, 1, 2]:
+            for src in srcs:
+                with self.subTest(opt=opt, src=src):
+                    code = compile(textwrap.dedent(src), "<test>", "single", optimize=opt)
+                    ns = {}
+                    exec(code, ns)
+                    if opt < 2:
+                        self.assertEqual(ns['with_docstring'].__doc__, "docstring")
+                    else:
+                        self.assertIsNone(ns['with_docstring'].__doc__)
+
     @support.cpython_only
     def test_docstring_omitted(self):
         # See gh-115347
@@ -835,12 +958,13 @@ class C:
                 return h
         """)
         for opt in [-1, 0, 1, 2]:
-            with self.subTest(opt=opt):
-                code = compile(src, "<test>", "exec", optimize=opt)
-                output = io.StringIO()
-                with contextlib.redirect_stdout(output):
-                    dis.dis(code)
-                self.assertNotIn('NOP' , output.getvalue())
+            for mode in ["exec", "single"]:
+                with self.subTest(opt=opt, mode=mode):
+                    code = compile(src, "<test>", mode, optimize=opt)
+                    output = io.StringIO()
+                    with contextlib.redirect_stdout(output):
+                        dis.dis(code)
+                    self.assertNotIn('NOP', output.getvalue())
 
     def test_dont_merge_constants(self):
         # Issue #25843: compile() must not merge constants which are equal
@@ -1120,7 +1244,7 @@ def return_genexp():
                     x
                     in
                     y)
-        genexp_lines = [0, 2, 0]
+        genexp_lines = [0, 4, 2, 0, 4]
 
         genexp_code = return_genexp.__code__.co_consts[1]
         code_lines = self.get_code_lines(genexp_code)
@@ -1262,6 +1386,14 @@ def check_op_count(func, op, expected):
                     actual += 1
             self.assertEqual(actual, expected)
 
+        def check_consts(func, typ, expected):
+            slice_consts = 0
+            consts = func.__code__.co_consts
+            for instr in dis.Bytecode(func):
+                if instr.opname == "LOAD_CONST" and isinstance(consts[instr.oparg], typ):
+                    slice_consts += 1
+            self.assertEqual(slice_consts, expected)
+
         def load():
             return x[a:b] + x [a:] + x[:b] + x[:]
 
@@ -1277,15 +1409,30 @@ def long_slice():
         def aug():
             x[a:b] += y
 
-        check_op_count(load, "BINARY_SLICE", 4)
+        def aug_const():
+            x[1:2] += y
+
+        def compound_const_slice():
+            x[1:2:3, 4:5:6] = y
+
+        check_op_count(load, "BINARY_SLICE", 3)
         check_op_count(load, "BUILD_SLICE", 0)
-        check_op_count(store, "STORE_SLICE", 4)
+        check_consts(load, slice, 1)
+        check_op_count(store, "STORE_SLICE", 3)
         check_op_count(store, "BUILD_SLICE", 0)
+        check_consts(store, slice, 1)
         check_op_count(long_slice, "BUILD_SLICE", 1)
         check_op_count(long_slice, "BINARY_SLICE", 0)
         check_op_count(aug, "BINARY_SLICE", 1)
         check_op_count(aug, "STORE_SLICE", 1)
         check_op_count(aug, "BUILD_SLICE", 0)
+        check_op_count(aug_const, "BINARY_SLICE", 0)
+        check_op_count(aug_const, "STORE_SLICE", 0)
+        check_consts(aug_const, slice, 1)
+        check_op_count(compound_const_slice, "BINARY_SLICE", 0)
+        check_op_count(compound_const_slice, "BUILD_SLICE", 0)
+        check_consts(compound_const_slice, slice, 0)
+        check_consts(compound_const_slice, tuple, 1)
 
     def test_compare_positions(self):
         for opname_prefix, op in [
@@ -1409,6 +1556,55 @@ def f():
         for kw in ("except", "except*"):
             exec(code % kw, g, l);
 
+    def test_regression_gh_120225(self):
+        async def name_4():
+            match b'':
+                case True:
+                    pass
+                case name_5 if f'e':
+                    {name_3: name_4 async for name_2 in name_5}
+                case []:
+                    pass
+            [[]]
+
+class TestBooleanExpression(unittest.TestCase):
+    class Value:
+        def __init__(self):
+            self.called = 0
+
+        def __bool__(self):
+            self.called += 1
+            return self.value
+
+    class Yes(Value):
+        value = True
+
+    class No(Value):
+        value = False
+
+    def test_short_circuit_and(self):
+        v = [self.Yes(), self.No(), self.Yes()]
+        res = v[0] and v[1] and v[0]
+        self.assertIs(res, v[1])
+        self.assertEqual([e.called for e in v], [1, 1, 0])
+
+    def test_short_circuit_or(self):
+        v = [self.No(), self.Yes(), self.No()]
+        res = v[0] or v[1] or v[0]
+        self.assertIs(res, v[1])
+        self.assertEqual([e.called for e in v], [1, 1, 0])
+
+    def test_compound(self):
+        # See gh-124285
+        v = [self.No(), self.Yes(), self.Yes(), self.Yes()]
+        res = v[0] and v[1] or v[2] or v[3]
+        self.assertIs(res, v[2])
+        self.assertEqual([e.called for e in v], [1, 0, 1, 0])
+
+        v = [self.No(), self.No(), self.Yes(), self.Yes(), self.No()]
+        res = v[0] or v[1] and v[2] or v[3] or v[4]
+        self.assertIs(res, v[3])
+        self.assertEqual([e.called for e in v], [1, 1, 0, 1, 0])
 
 @requires_debug_ranges()
 class TestSourcePositions(unittest.TestCase):
@@ -1565,7 +1761,7 @@ def test_multiline_generator_expression(self):
         self.assertOpcodeSourcePositionIs(compiled_code, 'JUMP_BACKWARD',
             line=1, end_line=2, column=1, end_column=8, occurrence=1)
         self.assertOpcodeSourcePositionIs(compiled_code, 'RETURN_CONST',
-            line=1, end_line=6, column=0, end_column=32, occurrence=1)
+            line=4, end_line=4, column=7, end_column=14, occurrence=1)
 
     def test_multiline_async_generator_expression(self):
         snippet = textwrap.dedent("""\
@@ -1966,13 +2162,76 @@ def test_load_super_attr(self):
             code, "LOAD_GLOBAL", line=3, end_line=3, column=4, end_column=9
         )
 
-
-class TestExpectedAttributes(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_lambda_return_position(self):
+        snippets = [
+            "f = lambda: x",
+            "f = lambda: 42",
+            "f = lambda: 1 + 2",
+            "f = lambda: a + b",
+        ]
+        for snippet in snippets:
+            with self.subTest(snippet=snippet):
+                lamb = run_code(snippet)["f"]
+                positions = lamb.__code__.co_positions()
+                # assert that all positions are within the lambda
+                for i, pos in enumerate(positions):
+                    with self.subTest(i=i, pos=pos):
+                        start_line, end_line, start_col, end_col = pos
+                        if i == 0 and start_col == end_col == 0:
+                            # ignore the RESUME in the beginning
+                            continue
+                        self.assertEqual(start_line, 1)
+                        self.assertEqual(end_line, 1)
+                        code_start = snippet.find(":") + 2
+                        code_end = len(snippet)
+                        self.assertGreaterEqual(start_col, code_start)
+                        self.assertLessEqual(end_col, code_end)
+                        self.assertGreaterEqual(end_col, start_col)
+                        self.assertLessEqual(end_col, code_end)
+
+    def test_return_in_with_positions(self):
+        # See gh-98442
+        def f():
+            with xyz:
+                1
+                2
+                3
+                4
+                return R
+
+        # All instructions should have locations on a single line
+        for instr in dis.get_instructions(f):
+            start_line, end_line, _, _ = instr.positions
+            self.assertEqual(start_line, end_line)
+
+        # Expect three load None instructions for the no-exception __exit__ call,
+        # and one RETURN_VALUE.
+        # They should all have the locations of the context manager ('xyz').
+
+        load_none = [instr for instr in dis.get_instructions(f) if
+                     instr.opname == 'LOAD_CONST' and instr.argval is None]
+        return_value = [instr for instr in dis.get_instructions(f) if
+                        instr.opname == 'RETURN_VALUE']
+
+        self.assertEqual(len(load_none), 3)
+        self.assertEqual(len(return_value), 1)
+        for instr in load_none + return_value:
+            start_line, end_line, start_col, end_col = instr.positions
+            self.assertEqual(start_line, f.__code__.co_firstlineno + 1)
+            self.assertEqual(end_line, f.__code__.co_firstlineno + 1)
+            self.assertEqual(start_col, 17)
+            self.assertEqual(end_col, 20)
+
+
+class TestStaticAttributes(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_basic(self):
         class C:
             def f(self):
                 self.a = self.b = 42
+                # read fields are not included
+                self.f()
+                self.arr[3]
 
         self.assertIsInstance(C.__static_attributes__, tuple)
         self.assertEqual(sorted(C.__static_attributes__), ['a', 'b'])
@@ -2425,6 +2684,8 @@ def test_return_inside_async_with_block(self):
             """
         self.check_stack_size(snippet, async_=True)
 
+@support.cpython_only
+@unittest.skipIf(_testinternalcapi is None, 'need _testinternalcapi module')
 class TestInstructionSequence(unittest.TestCase):
     def compare_instructions(self, seq, expected):
         self.assertEqual([(opcode.opname[i[0]],) + i[1:] for i in seq.get_instructions()],
@@ -2468,6 +2729,22 @@ def test_nested(self):
         self.compare_instructions(seq, [('LOAD_CONST', 1, 1, 0, 0, 0)])
         self.compare_instructions(seq.get_nested()[0], [('LOAD_CONST', 2, 2, 0, 0, 0)])
 
+    def test_static_attributes_are_sorted(self):
+        code = (
+            'class T:\n'
+            '    def __init__(self):\n'
+            '        self.{V1} = 10\n'
+            '        self.{V2} = 10\n'
+            '    def foo(self):\n'
+            '        self.{V3} = 10\n'
+        )
+        attributes = ("a", "b", "c")
+        for perm in itertools.permutations(attributes):
+            var_names = {f'V{i + 1}': name for i, name in enumerate(perm)}
+            ns = run_code(code.format(**var_names))
+            t = ns['T']
+            self.assertEqual(t.__static_attributes__, attributes)
+
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_compileall.py b/Lib/test/test_compileall.py
index 812ff5e7f84461..3a34c6822bc079 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_compileall.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_compileall.py
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
     # compileall relies on ProcessPoolExecutor if ProcessPoolExecutor exists
     # and it can function.
     from multiprocessing.util import _cleanup_tests as multiprocessing_cleanup_tests
-    from concurrent.futures import ProcessPoolExecutor
+    from concurrent.futures import ProcessPoolExecutor  # noqa: F401
     from concurrent.futures.process import _check_system_limits
     _check_system_limits()
     _have_multiprocessing = True
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_compiler_codegen.py b/Lib/test/test_compiler_codegen.py
index 1088b4aa9e624d..8a15c400a449e1 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_compiler_codegen.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_compiler_codegen.py
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ def test_for_loop(self):
             ('GET_ITER', None, 1),
             loop_lbl := self.Label(),
             ('FOR_ITER', exit_lbl := self.Label(), 1),
+            ('NOP', None, 1, 1),
             ('STORE_NAME', 1, 1),
             ('LOAD_NAME', 2, 2),
             ('PUSH_NULL', None, 2),
@@ -151,5 +152,8 @@ def g():
 
     def test_syntax_error__return_not_in_function(self):
         snippet = "return 42"
-        with self.assertRaisesRegex(SyntaxError, "'return' outside function"):
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(SyntaxError, "'return' outside function") as cm:
             self.codegen_test(snippet, None)
+        self.assertIsNone(cm.exception.text)
+        self.assertEqual(cm.exception.offset, 1)
+        self.assertEqual(cm.exception.end_offset, 10)
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_complex.py b/Lib/test/test_complex.py
index fb510ca9b70902..ecc97315e50d31 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_complex.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_complex.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import unittest
 import sys
 from test import support
+from test.support.testcase import ComplexesAreIdenticalMixin
 from test.test_grammar import (VALID_UNDERSCORE_LITERALS,
                                INVALID_UNDERSCORE_LITERALS)
 
@@ -36,13 +37,23 @@ def __float__(self):
 class ComplexSubclass(complex):
     pass
 
+class OtherComplexSubclass(complex):
+    pass
+
+class MyInt:
+    def __init__(self, value):
+        self.value = value
+
+    def __int__(self):
+        return self.value
+
 class WithComplex:
     def __init__(self, value):
         self.value = value
     def __complex__(self):
         return self.value
 
-class ComplexTest(unittest.TestCase):
+class ComplexTest(ComplexesAreIdenticalMixin, unittest.TestCase):
 
     def assertAlmostEqual(self, a, b):
         if isinstance(a, complex):
@@ -71,29 +82,6 @@ def assertCloseAbs(self, x, y, eps=1e-9):
         # check that relative difference < eps
         self.assertTrue(abs((x-y)/y) < eps)
 
-    def assertFloatsAreIdentical(self, x, y):
-        """assert that floats x and y are identical, in the sense that:
-        (1) both x and y are nans, or
-        (2) both x and y are infinities, with the same sign, or
-        (3) both x and y are zeros, with the same sign, or
-        (4) x and y are both finite and nonzero, and x == y
-
-        """
-        msg = 'floats {!r} and {!r} are not identical'
-
-        if isnan(x) or isnan(y):
-            if isnan(x) and isnan(y):
-                return
-        elif x == y:
-            if x != 0.0:
-                return
-            # both zero; check that signs match
-            elif copysign(1.0, x) == copysign(1.0, y):
-                return
-            else:
-                msg += ': zeros have different signs'
-        self.fail(msg.format(x, y))
-
     def assertClose(self, x, y, eps=1e-9):
         """Return true iff complexes x and y "are close"."""
         self.assertCloseAbs(x.real, y.real, eps)
@@ -139,6 +127,33 @@ def test_truediv(self):
             self.assertTrue(isnan(z.real))
             self.assertTrue(isnan(z.imag))
 
+        self.assertComplexesAreIdentical(complex(INF, 1)/(0.0+1j),
+                                         complex(NAN, -INF))
+
+        # test recover of infs if numerator has infs and denominator is finite
+        self.assertComplexesAreIdentical(complex(INF, -INF)/(1+0j),
+                                         complex(INF, -INF))
+        self.assertComplexesAreIdentical(complex(INF, INF)/(0.0+1j),
+                                         complex(INF, -INF))
+        self.assertComplexesAreIdentical(complex(NAN, INF)/complex(2**1000, 2**-1000),
+                                         complex(INF, INF))
+        self.assertComplexesAreIdentical(complex(INF, NAN)/complex(2**1000, 2**-1000),
+                                         complex(INF, -INF))
+
+        # test recover of zeros if denominator is infinite
+        self.assertComplexesAreIdentical((1+1j)/complex(INF, INF), (0.0+0j))
+        self.assertComplexesAreIdentical((1+1j)/complex(INF, -INF), (0.0+0j))
+        self.assertComplexesAreIdentical((1+1j)/complex(-INF, INF),
+                                         complex(0.0, -0.0))
+        self.assertComplexesAreIdentical((1+1j)/complex(-INF, -INF),
+                                         complex(-0.0, 0))
+        self.assertComplexesAreIdentical((INF+1j)/complex(INF, INF),
+                                         complex(NAN, NAN))
+        self.assertComplexesAreIdentical(complex(1, INF)/complex(INF, INF),
+                                         complex(NAN, NAN))
+        self.assertComplexesAreIdentical(complex(INF, 1)/complex(1, INF),
+                                         complex(NAN, NAN))
+
     def test_truediv_zero_division(self):
         for a, b in ZERO_DIVISION:
             with self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError):
@@ -644,10 +659,39 @@ def test_underscores(self):
             if not any(ch in lit for ch in 'xXoObB'):
                 self.assertRaises(ValueError, complex, lit)
 
+    def test_from_number(self, cls=complex):
+        def eq(actual, expected):
+            self.assertEqual(actual, expected)
+            self.assertIs(type(actual), cls)
+
+        eq(cls.from_number(3.14), 3.14+0j)
+        eq(cls.from_number(3.14j), 3.14j)
+        eq(cls.from_number(314), 314.0+0j)
+        eq(cls.from_number(OtherComplexSubclass(3.14, 2.72)), 3.14+2.72j)
+        eq(cls.from_number(WithComplex(3.14+2.72j)), 3.14+2.72j)
+        eq(cls.from_number(WithFloat(3.14)), 3.14+0j)
+        eq(cls.from_number(WithIndex(314)), 314.0+0j)
+
+        cNAN = complex(NAN, NAN)
+        x = cls.from_number(cNAN)
+        self.assertTrue(x != x)
+        self.assertIs(type(x), cls)
+        if cls is complex:
+            self.assertIs(cls.from_number(cNAN), cNAN)
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cls.from_number, '3.14')
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cls.from_number, b'3.14')
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cls.from_number, MyInt(314))
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cls.from_number, {})
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cls.from_number)
+
+    def test_from_number_subclass(self):
+        self.test_from_number(ComplexSubclass)
+
     def test_hash(self):
         for x in range(-30, 30):
             self.assertEqual(hash(x), hash(complex(x, 0)))
-            x /= 3.0    # now check against floating point
+            x /= 3.0    # now check against floating-point
             self.assertEqual(hash(x), hash(complex(x, 0.)))
 
         self.assertNotEqual(hash(2000005 - 1j), -1)
@@ -759,8 +803,7 @@ def test_repr_roundtrip(self):
             for y in vals:
                 z = complex(x, y)
                 roundtrip = complex(repr(z))
-                self.assertFloatsAreIdentical(z.real, roundtrip.real)
-                self.assertFloatsAreIdentical(z.imag, roundtrip.imag)
+                self.assertComplexesAreIdentical(z, roundtrip)
 
         # if we predefine some constants, then eval(repr(z)) should
         # also work, except that it might change the sign of zeros
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_concurrent_futures/executor.py b/Lib/test/test_concurrent_futures/executor.py
index 3049bb74861439..b97d9ffd94b1f8 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_concurrent_futures/executor.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_concurrent_futures/executor.py
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 import threading
 import time
-import unittest
 import weakref
 from concurrent import futures
 from test import support
@@ -24,6 +23,7 @@ def make_dummy_object(_):
 
 
 class ExecutorTest:
+
     # Executor.shutdown() and context manager usage is tested by
     # ExecutorShutdownTest.
     def test_submit(self):
@@ -53,7 +53,8 @@ def test_map_exception(self):
         i = self.executor.map(divmod, [1, 1, 1, 1], [2, 3, 0, 5])
         self.assertEqual(i.__next__(), (0, 1))
         self.assertEqual(i.__next__(), (0, 1))
-        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, i.__next__)
+        with self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError):
+            i.__next__()
 
     @support.requires_resource('walltime')
     def test_map_timeout(self):
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_concurrent_futures/test_deadlock.py b/Lib/test/test_concurrent_futures/test_deadlock.py
index 3c30c4558c0b3e..ee589753a3e456 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_concurrent_futures/test_deadlock.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_concurrent_futures/test_deadlock.py
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ def test_exit_at_task_unpickle(self):
         self._check_crash(BrokenProcessPool, id, ExitAtUnpickle())
 
     def test_error_at_task_unpickle(self):
-        # gh-109832: Restore stderr overriden by _raise_error_ignore_stderr()
+        # gh-109832: Restore stderr overridden by _raise_error_ignore_stderr()
         self.addCleanup(setattr, sys, 'stderr', sys.stderr)
 
         # Check problem occurring while unpickling a task on workers
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ def test_error_during_result_pickle_on_worker(self):
         self._check_crash(PicklingError, _return_instance, ErrorAtPickle)
 
     def test_error_during_result_unpickle_in_result_handler(self):
-        # gh-109832: Restore stderr overriden by _raise_error_ignore_stderr()
+        # gh-109832: Restore stderr overridden by _raise_error_ignore_stderr()
         self.addCleanup(setattr, sys, 'stderr', sys.stderr)
 
         # Check problem occurring while unpickling a task in
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ def test_shutdown_deadlock_pickle(self):
         executor_manager.join()
 
     def test_crash_big_data(self):
-        # Test that there is a clean exception instad of a deadlock when a
+        # Test that there is a clean exception instead of a deadlock when a
         # child process crashes while some data is being written into the
         # queue.
         # https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/94777
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_concurrent_futures/test_init.py b/Lib/test/test_concurrent_futures/test_init.py
index a36f592b79b7cf..df640929309318 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_concurrent_futures/test_init.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_concurrent_futures/test_init.py
@@ -139,6 +139,7 @@ def _test(self, test_class):
     def test_spawn(self):
         self._test(ProcessPoolSpawnFailingInitializerTest)
 
+    @support.skip_if_sanitizer("TSAN doesn't support threads after fork", thread=True)
     def test_forkserver(self):
         self._test(ProcessPoolForkserverFailingInitializerTest)
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_concurrent_futures/test_interpreter_pool.py b/Lib/test/test_concurrent_futures/test_interpreter_pool.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..ea1512fc830d0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/test_concurrent_futures/test_interpreter_pool.py
@@ -0,0 +1,377 @@
+import asyncio
+import contextlib
+import io
+import os
+import pickle
+import sys
+import time
+import unittest
+from concurrent.futures.interpreter import (
+    ExecutionFailed, BrokenInterpreterPool,
+)
+import _interpreters
+from test import support
+import test.test_asyncio.utils as testasyncio_utils
+from test.support.interpreters import queues
+
+from .executor import ExecutorTest, mul
+from .util import BaseTestCase, InterpreterPoolMixin, setup_module
+
+
+def noop():
+    pass
+
+
+def write_msg(fd, msg):
+    os.write(fd, msg + b'\0')
+
+
+def read_msg(fd):
+    msg = b''
+    while ch := os.read(fd, 1):
+        if ch == b'\0':
+            return msg
+        msg += ch
+
+
+def get_current_name():
+    return __name__
+
+
+def fail(exctype, msg=None):
+    raise exctype(msg)
+
+
+def get_current_interpid(*extra):
+    interpid, _ = _interpreters.get_current()
+    return (interpid, *extra)
+
+
+class InterpretersMixin(InterpreterPoolMixin):
+
+    def pipe(self):
+        r, w = os.pipe()
+        self.addCleanup(lambda: os.close(r))
+        self.addCleanup(lambda: os.close(w))
+        return r, w
+
+
+class PickleShenanigans:
+    """Succeeds with pickle.dumps(), but fails with pickle.loads()"""
+    def __init__(self, value):
+        if value == 1:
+            raise RuntimeError("gotcha")
+
+    def __reduce__(self):
+        return (self.__class__, (1,))
+
+
+class InterpreterPoolExecutorTest(
+            InterpretersMixin, ExecutorTest, BaseTestCase):
+
+    @unittest.expectedFailure
+    def test_init_script(self):
+        msg1 = b'step: init'
+        msg2 = b'step: run'
+        r, w = self.pipe()
+        initscript = f"""
+            import os
+            msg = {msg2!r}
+            os.write({w}, {msg1!r} + b'\\0')
+            """
+        script = f"""
+            os.write({w}, msg + b'\\0')
+            """
+        os.write(w, b'\0')
+
+        executor = self.executor_type(initializer=initscript)
+        before_init = os.read(r, 100)
+        fut = executor.submit(script)
+        after_init = read_msg(r)
+        fut.result()
+        after_run = read_msg(r)
+
+        self.assertEqual(before_init, b'\0')
+        self.assertEqual(after_init, msg1)
+        self.assertEqual(after_run, msg2)
+
+    @unittest.expectedFailure
+    def test_init_script_args(self):
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            self.executor_type(initializer='pass', initargs=('spam',))
+
+    def test_init_func(self):
+        msg = b'step: init'
+        r, w = self.pipe()
+        os.write(w, b'\0')
+
+        executor = self.executor_type(
+                initializer=write_msg, initargs=(w, msg))
+        before = os.read(r, 100)
+        executor.submit(mul, 10, 10)
+        after = read_msg(r)
+
+        self.assertEqual(before, b'\0')
+        self.assertEqual(after, msg)
+
+    def test_init_closure(self):
+        count = 0
+        def init1():
+            assert count == 0, count
+        def init2():
+            nonlocal count
+            count += 1
+
+        with self.assertRaises(pickle.PicklingError):
+            self.executor_type(initializer=init1)
+        with self.assertRaises(pickle.PicklingError):
+            self.executor_type(initializer=init2)
+
+    def test_init_instance_method(self):
+        class Spam:
+            def initializer(self):
+                raise NotImplementedError
+        spam = Spam()
+
+        with self.assertRaises(pickle.PicklingError):
+            self.executor_type(initializer=spam.initializer)
+
+    def test_init_shared(self):
+        msg = b'eggs'
+        r, w = self.pipe()
+        script = f"""if True:
+            import os
+            if __name__ != '__main__':
+                import __main__
+                spam = __main__.spam
+            os.write({w}, spam + b'\\0')
+            """
+
+        executor = self.executor_type(shared={'spam': msg})
+        fut = executor.submit(exec, script)
+        fut.result()
+        after = read_msg(r)
+
+        self.assertEqual(after, msg)
+
+    @unittest.expectedFailure
+    def test_init_exception_in_script(self):
+        executor = self.executor_type(initializer='raise Exception("spam")')
+        with executor:
+            with contextlib.redirect_stderr(io.StringIO()) as stderr:
+                fut = executor.submit('pass')
+                with self.assertRaises(BrokenInterpreterPool):
+                    fut.result()
+        stderr = stderr.getvalue()
+        self.assertIn('ExecutionFailed: Exception: spam', stderr)
+        self.assertIn('Uncaught in the interpreter:', stderr)
+        self.assertIn('The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:',
+                      stderr)
+
+    def test_init_exception_in_func(self):
+        executor = self.executor_type(initializer=fail,
+                                      initargs=(Exception, 'spam'))
+        with executor:
+            with contextlib.redirect_stderr(io.StringIO()) as stderr:
+                fut = executor.submit(noop)
+                with self.assertRaises(BrokenInterpreterPool):
+                    fut.result()
+        stderr = stderr.getvalue()
+        self.assertIn('ExecutionFailed: Exception: spam', stderr)
+        self.assertIn('Uncaught in the interpreter:', stderr)
+        self.assertIn('The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:',
+                      stderr)
+
+    @unittest.expectedFailure
+    def test_submit_script(self):
+        msg = b'spam'
+        r, w = self.pipe()
+        script = f"""
+            import os
+            os.write({w}, __name__.encode('utf-8') + b'\\0')
+            """
+        executor = self.executor_type()
+
+        fut = executor.submit(script)
+        res = fut.result()
+        after = read_msg(r)
+
+        self.assertEqual(after, b'__main__')
+        self.assertIs(res, None)
+
+    def test_submit_closure(self):
+        spam = True
+        def task1():
+            return spam
+        def task2():
+            nonlocal spam
+            spam += 1
+            return spam
+
+        executor = self.executor_type()
+        with self.assertRaises(pickle.PicklingError):
+            executor.submit(task1)
+        with self.assertRaises(pickle.PicklingError):
+            executor.submit(task2)
+
+    def test_submit_local_instance(self):
+        class Spam:
+            def __init__(self):
+                self.value = True
+
+        executor = self.executor_type()
+        with self.assertRaises(pickle.PicklingError):
+            executor.submit(Spam)
+
+    def test_submit_instance_method(self):
+        class Spam:
+            def run(self):
+                return True
+        spam = Spam()
+
+        executor = self.executor_type()
+        with self.assertRaises(pickle.PicklingError):
+            executor.submit(spam.run)
+
+    def test_submit_func_globals(self):
+        executor = self.executor_type()
+        fut = executor.submit(get_current_name)
+        name = fut.result()
+
+        self.assertEqual(name, __name__)
+        self.assertNotEqual(name, '__main__')
+
+    @unittest.expectedFailure
+    def test_submit_exception_in_script(self):
+        fut = self.executor.submit('raise Exception("spam")')
+        with self.assertRaises(Exception) as captured:
+            fut.result()
+        self.assertIs(type(captured.exception), Exception)
+        self.assertEqual(str(captured.exception), 'spam')
+        cause = captured.exception.__cause__
+        self.assertIs(type(cause), ExecutionFailed)
+        for attr in ('__name__', '__qualname__', '__module__'):
+            self.assertEqual(getattr(cause.excinfo.type, attr),
+                             getattr(Exception, attr))
+        self.assertEqual(cause.excinfo.msg, 'spam')
+
+    def test_submit_exception_in_func(self):
+        fut = self.executor.submit(fail, Exception, 'spam')
+        with self.assertRaises(Exception) as captured:
+            fut.result()
+        self.assertIs(type(captured.exception), Exception)
+        self.assertEqual(str(captured.exception), 'spam')
+        cause = captured.exception.__cause__
+        self.assertIs(type(cause), ExecutionFailed)
+        for attr in ('__name__', '__qualname__', '__module__'):
+            self.assertEqual(getattr(cause.excinfo.type, attr),
+                             getattr(Exception, attr))
+        self.assertEqual(cause.excinfo.msg, 'spam')
+
+    def test_saturation(self):
+        blocker = queues.create()
+        executor = self.executor_type(4, shared=dict(blocker=blocker))
+
+        for i in range(15 * executor._max_workers):
+            executor.submit(exec, 'import __main__; __main__.blocker.get()')
+            #executor.submit('blocker.get()')
+        self.assertEqual(len(executor._threads), executor._max_workers)
+        for i in range(15 * executor._max_workers):
+            blocker.put_nowait(None)
+        executor.shutdown(wait=True)
+
+    @support.requires_gil_enabled("gh-117344: test is flaky without the GIL")
+    def test_idle_thread_reuse(self):
+        executor = self.executor_type()
+        executor.submit(mul, 21, 2).result()
+        executor.submit(mul, 6, 7).result()
+        executor.submit(mul, 3, 14).result()
+        self.assertEqual(len(executor._threads), 1)
+        executor.shutdown(wait=True)
+
+    def test_pickle_errors_propagate(self):
+        # GH-125864: Pickle errors happen before the script tries to execute, so the
+        # queue used to wait infinitely.
+
+        fut = self.executor.submit(PickleShenanigans(0))
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, "gotcha"):
+            fut.result()
+
+
+class AsyncioTest(InterpretersMixin, testasyncio_utils.TestCase):
+
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpClass(cls):
+        # Most uses of asyncio will implicitly call set_event_loop_policy()
+        # with the default policy if a policy hasn't been set already.
+        # If that happens in a test, like here, we'll end up with a failure
+        # when --fail-env-changed is used.  That's why the other tests that
+        # use asyncio are careful to set the policy back to None and why
+        # we're careful to do so here.  We also validate that no other
+        # tests left a policy in place, just in case.
+        policy = support.maybe_get_event_loop_policy()
+        assert policy is None, policy
+        cls.addClassCleanup(lambda: asyncio.set_event_loop_policy(None))
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        super().setUp()
+        self.loop = asyncio.new_event_loop()
+        self.set_event_loop(self.loop)
+
+        self.executor = self.executor_type()
+        self.addCleanup(lambda: self.executor.shutdown())
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        if not self.loop.is_closed():
+            testasyncio_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+
+        self.doCleanups()
+        support.gc_collect()
+        super().tearDown()
+
+    def test_run_in_executor(self):
+        unexpected, _ = _interpreters.get_current()
+
+        func = get_current_interpid
+        fut = self.loop.run_in_executor(self.executor, func, 'yo')
+        interpid, res = self.loop.run_until_complete(fut)
+
+        self.assertEqual(res, 'yo')
+        self.assertNotEqual(interpid, unexpected)
+
+    def test_run_in_executor_cancel(self):
+        executor = self.executor_type()
+
+        called = False
+
+        def patched_call_soon(*args):
+            nonlocal called
+            called = True
+
+        func = time.sleep
+        fut = self.loop.run_in_executor(self.executor, func, 0.05)
+        fut.cancel()
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(
+                self.loop.shutdown_default_executor())
+        self.loop.close()
+        self.loop.call_soon = patched_call_soon
+        self.loop.call_soon_threadsafe = patched_call_soon
+        time.sleep(0.4)
+        self.assertFalse(called)
+
+    def test_default_executor(self):
+        unexpected, _ = _interpreters.get_current()
+
+        self.loop.set_default_executor(self.executor)
+        fut = self.loop.run_in_executor(None, get_current_interpid)
+        interpid, = self.loop.run_until_complete(fut)
+
+        self.assertNotEqual(interpid, unexpected)
+
+
+def setUpModule():
+    setup_module()
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_concurrent_futures/util.py b/Lib/test/test_concurrent_futures/util.py
index 3b8ec3e205d5aa..52baab51340fc9 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_concurrent_futures/util.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_concurrent_futures/util.py
@@ -74,6 +74,10 @@ class ThreadPoolMixin(ExecutorMixin):
     executor_type = futures.ThreadPoolExecutor
 
 
+class InterpreterPoolMixin(ExecutorMixin):
+    executor_type = futures.InterpreterPoolExecutor
+
+
 class ProcessPoolForkMixin(ExecutorMixin):
     executor_type = futures.ProcessPoolExecutor
     ctx = "fork"
@@ -120,6 +124,7 @@ def get_context(self):
 
 def create_executor_tests(remote_globals, mixin, bases=(BaseTestCase,),
                           executor_mixins=(ThreadPoolMixin,
+                                           InterpreterPoolMixin,
                                            ProcessPoolForkMixin,
                                            ProcessPoolForkserverMixin,
                                            ProcessPoolSpawnMixin)):
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_configparser.py b/Lib/test/test_configparser.py
index a934e493a76391..e3c5d08dd1e7d1 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_configparser.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_configparser.py
@@ -2161,6 +2161,19 @@ def test_no_section(self):
         self.assertEqual('1', cfg2[configparser.UNNAMED_SECTION]['a'])
         self.assertEqual('2', cfg2[configparser.UNNAMED_SECTION]['b'])
 
+    def test_add_section(self):
+        cfg = configparser.ConfigParser(allow_unnamed_section=True)
+        cfg.add_section(configparser.UNNAMED_SECTION)
+        cfg.set(configparser.UNNAMED_SECTION, 'a', '1')
+        self.assertEqual('1', cfg[configparser.UNNAMED_SECTION]['a'])
+
+    def test_disabled_error(self):
+        with self.assertRaises(configparser.MissingSectionHeaderError):
+            configparser.ConfigParser().read_string("a = 1")
+
+        with self.assertRaises(configparser.UnnamedSectionDisabledError):
+            configparser.ConfigParser().add_section(configparser.UNNAMED_SECTION)
+
 
 class MiscTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     def test__all__(self):
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_contains.py b/Lib/test/test_contains.py
index 471d04a76ca4e4..259c954aa1d616 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_contains.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_contains.py
@@ -24,8 +24,11 @@ def test_common_tests(self):
         self.assertNotIn(0, b)
         self.assertIn(1, c)
         self.assertNotIn(0, c)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: 1 in a)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: 1 not in a)
+        msg = "argument of type 'base_set' is not a container or iterable"
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, msg):
+            1 in a
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, msg):
+            1 not in a
 
         # test char in string
         self.assertIn('c', 'abc')
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_context.py b/Lib/test/test_context.py
index 255be306156c0b..b06b9df9f5b0b8 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_context.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_context.py
@@ -60,6 +60,14 @@ def test_context_var_repr_1(self):
         c.reset(t)
         self.assertIn(' used ', repr(t))
 
+    @isolated_context
+    def test_token_repr_1(self):
+        c = contextvars.ContextVar('a')
+        tok = c.set(1)
+        self.assertRegex(repr(tok),
+                         r"^<Token var=<ContextVar name='a' "
+                         r"at 0x[0-9a-fA-F]+> at 0x[0-9a-fA-F]+>$")
+
     def test_context_subclassing_1(self):
         with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, 'not an acceptable base type'):
             class MyContextVar(contextvars.ContextVar):
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_contextlib.py b/Lib/test/test_contextlib.py
index 36c3abca80f894..cf6519598037e9 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_contextlib.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_contextlib.py
@@ -444,12 +444,10 @@ class FileContextTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     def testWithOpen(self):
         tfn = tempfile.mktemp()
         try:
-            f = None
             with open(tfn, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
                 self.assertFalse(f.closed)
                 f.write("Booh\n")
             self.assertTrue(f.closed)
-            f = None
             with self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError):
                 with open(tfn, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
                     self.assertFalse(f.closed)
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_copy.py b/Lib/test/test_copy.py
index 89102373759ca0..3dec64cc9a2414 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_copy.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_copy.py
@@ -972,6 +972,10 @@ class C:
             copy.replace(c, x=1, error=2)
 
 
+class MiscTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test__all__(self):
+        support.check__all__(self, copy, not_exported={"dispatch_table", "error"})
+
 def global_foo(x, y): return x+y
 
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_coroutines.py b/Lib/test/test_coroutines.py
index f705f4f5bfbd88..e6d65e7d90abb1 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_coroutines.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_coroutines.py
@@ -974,13 +974,13 @@ def test_await_1(self):
 
         async def foo():
             await 1
-        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "object int can.t.*await"):
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "'int' object can.t be awaited"):
             run_async(foo())
 
     def test_await_2(self):
         async def foo():
             await []
-        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "object list can.t.*await"):
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "'list' object can.t be awaited"):
             run_async(foo())
 
     def test_await_3(self):
@@ -1040,7 +1040,7 @@ class Awaitable:
         async def foo(): return await Awaitable()
 
         with self.assertRaisesRegex(
-            TypeError, "object Awaitable can't be used in 'await' expression"):
+            TypeError, "'Awaitable' object can't be awaited"):
 
             run_async(foo())
 
@@ -1185,7 +1185,7 @@ async def f():
         async def g():
             try:
                 raise KeyError
-            except:
+            except KeyError:
                 return await f()
 
         _, result = run_async(g())
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_cppext/__init__.py b/Lib/test/test_cppext/__init__.py
index 00a2840d49c779..efd79448c66104 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_cppext/__init__.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_cppext/__init__.py
@@ -76,6 +76,8 @@ def run_cmd(operation, cmd):
         cmd = [python_exe, '-X', 'dev',
                '-m', 'pip', 'install', '--no-build-isolation',
                os.path.abspath(pkg_dir)]
+        if support.verbose:
+            cmd.append('-v')
         run_cmd('Install', cmd)
 
         # Do a reference run. Until we test that running python
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_cppext/setup.py b/Lib/test/test_cppext/setup.py
index 80b3e0d5212f7b..d97b238b8d1477 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_cppext/setup.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_cppext/setup.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 
 
 SOURCE = 'extension.cpp'
+
 if not support.MS_WINDOWS:
     # C++ compiler flags for GCC and clang
     CPPFLAGS = [
@@ -19,8 +20,13 @@
         '-Werror',
     ]
 else:
-    # Don't pass any compiler flag to MSVC
-    CPPFLAGS = []
+    # MSVC compiler flags
+    CPPFLAGS = [
+        # Display warnings level 1 to 4
+        '/W4',
+        # Treat all compiler warnings as compiler errors
+        '/WX',
+    ]
 
 
 def main():
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_cprofile.py b/Lib/test/test_cprofile.py
index 27e8a767903777..b2595eccc82f70 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_cprofile.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_cprofile.py
@@ -30,6 +30,43 @@ def test_bad_counter_during_dealloc(self):
 
             self.assertEqual(cm.unraisable.exc_type, TypeError)
 
+    def test_evil_external_timer(self):
+        # gh-120289
+        # Disabling profiler in external timer should not crash
+        import _lsprof
+        class EvilTimer():
+            def __init__(self, disable_count):
+                self.count = 0
+                self.disable_count = disable_count
+
+            def __call__(self):
+                self.count += 1
+                if self.count == self.disable_count:
+                    profiler_with_evil_timer.disable()
+                return self.count
+
+        # this will trigger external timer to disable profiler at
+        # call event - in initContext in _lsprof.c
+        with support.catch_unraisable_exception() as cm:
+            profiler_with_evil_timer = _lsprof.Profiler(EvilTimer(1))
+            profiler_with_evil_timer.enable()
+            # Make a call to trigger timer
+            (lambda: None)()
+            profiler_with_evil_timer.disable()
+            profiler_with_evil_timer.clear()
+            self.assertEqual(cm.unraisable.exc_type, RuntimeError)
+
+        # this will trigger external timer to disable profiler at
+        # return event - in Stop in _lsprof.c
+        with support.catch_unraisable_exception() as cm:
+            profiler_with_evil_timer = _lsprof.Profiler(EvilTimer(2))
+            profiler_with_evil_timer.enable()
+            # Make a call to trigger timer
+            (lambda: None)()
+            profiler_with_evil_timer.disable()
+            profiler_with_evil_timer.clear()
+            self.assertEqual(cm.unraisable.exc_type, RuntimeError)
+
     def test_profile_enable_disable(self):
         prof = self.profilerclass()
         # Make sure we clean ourselves up if the test fails for some reason.
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_csv.py b/Lib/test/test_csv.py
index d74ab7e016f78c..ce5c03659f1979 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_csv.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_csv.py
@@ -454,6 +454,10 @@ def test_read_quoting(self):
                           quoting=csv.QUOTE_STRINGS)
         self._read_test(['1,@,3,@,5'], [['1', ',3,', '5']], quotechar='@')
         self._read_test(['1,\0,3,\0,5'], [['1', ',3,', '5']], quotechar='\0')
+        self._read_test(['1\\.5,\\.5,.5'], [[1.5, 0.5, 0.5]],
+                        quoting=csv.QUOTE_NONNUMERIC, escapechar='\\')
+        self._read_test(['1\\.5,\\.5,"\\.5"'], [[1.5, 0.5, ".5"]],
+                        quoting=csv.QUOTE_STRINGS, escapechar='\\')
 
     def test_read_skipinitialspace(self):
         self._read_test(['no space, space,  spaces,\ttab'],
@@ -1099,6 +1103,12 @@ class mydialect(csv.Dialect):
         mydialect.quoting = None
         self.assertRaises(csv.Error, mydialect)
 
+        mydialect.quoting = 42
+        with self.assertRaises(csv.Error) as cm:
+            mydialect()
+        self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception),
+                         'bad "quoting" value')
+
         mydialect.doublequote = True
         mydialect.quoting = csv.QUOTE_ALL
         mydialect.quotechar = '"'
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_ctypes/test_arrays.py b/Lib/test/test_ctypes/test_arrays.py
index 3568cf97f40b50..c80fdff5de685d 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_ctypes/test_arrays.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_ctypes/test_arrays.py
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 import ctypes
 import sys
 import unittest
-import warnings
-from ctypes import (Structure, Array, sizeof, addressof,
+from ctypes import (Structure, Array, ARRAY, sizeof, addressof,
                     create_string_buffer, create_unicode_buffer,
                     c_char, c_wchar, c_byte, c_ubyte, c_short, c_ushort, c_int, c_uint,
                     c_long, c_ulonglong, c_float, c_double, c_longdouble)
@@ -17,13 +16,6 @@
           c_long, c_ulonglong, c_float, c_double, c_longdouble
 
 
-def ARRAY(*args):
-    # ignore DeprecationWarning in tests
-    with warnings.catch_warnings():
-        warnings.simplefilter('ignore', DeprecationWarning)
-        return ctypes.ARRAY(*args)
-
-
 class ArrayTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_inheritance_hierarchy(self):
         self.assertEqual(Array.mro(), [Array, _CData, object])
@@ -253,7 +245,7 @@ def test_empty_element_struct(self):
         class EmptyStruct(Structure):
             _fields_ = []
 
-        obj = (EmptyStruct * 2)()  # bpo37188: Floating point exception
+        obj = (EmptyStruct * 2)()  # bpo37188: Floating-point exception
         self.assertEqual(sizeof(obj), 0)
 
     def test_empty_element_array(self):
@@ -261,7 +253,7 @@ class EmptyArray(Array):
             _type_ = c_int
             _length_ = 0
 
-        obj = (EmptyArray * 2)()  # bpo37188: Floating point exception
+        obj = (EmptyArray * 2)()  # bpo37188: Floating-point exception
         self.assertEqual(sizeof(obj), 0)
 
     def test_bpo36504_signed_int_overflow(self):
@@ -275,10 +267,6 @@ def test_bpo36504_signed_int_overflow(self):
     def test_large_array(self, size):
         c_char * size
 
-    def test_deprecation(self):
-        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
-            CharArray = ctypes.ARRAY(c_char, 3)
-
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_ctypes/test_bitfields.py b/Lib/test/test_ctypes/test_bitfields.py
index e6509e6bf89e1d..19ba2f4484e7da 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_ctypes/test_bitfields.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_ctypes/test_bitfields.py
@@ -5,7 +5,9 @@
                     LittleEndianStructure, BigEndianStructure,
                     c_byte, c_ubyte, c_char, c_char_p, c_void_p, c_wchar,
                     c_uint8, c_uint16, c_uint32, c_uint64,
-                    c_short, c_ushort, c_int, c_uint, c_long, c_ulong, c_longlong, c_ulonglong)
+                    c_short, c_ushort, c_int, c_uint, c_long, c_ulong,
+                    c_longlong, c_ulonglong,
+                    Union)
 from test import support
 from test.support import import_helper
 _ctypes_test = import_helper.import_module("_ctypes_test")
@@ -186,8 +188,10 @@ class X(Structure):
                 self.assertEqual((c_typ, x.a, x.b, x.c), (c_typ, 0, 7, 0))
 
     def fail_fields(self, *fields):
-        return self.get_except(type(Structure), "X", (),
-                               {"_fields_": fields})
+        for layout in "ms", "gcc-sysv":
+            with self.subTest(layout=layout):
+                return self.get_except(type(Structure), "X", (),
+                                       {"_fields_": fields, "layout": layout})
 
     def test_nonint_types(self):
         # bit fields are not allowed on non-integer types.
@@ -204,9 +208,15 @@ def test_nonint_types(self):
         result = self.fail_fields(("a", c_char, 1))
         self.assertEqual(result, (TypeError, 'bit fields not allowed for type c_char'))
 
-        class Dummy(Structure):
+        class Empty(Structure):
             _fields_ = []
 
+        result = self.fail_fields(("a", Empty, 1))
+        self.assertEqual(result, (ValueError, "number of bits invalid for bit field 'a'"))
+
+        class Dummy(Structure):
+            _fields_ = [("x", c_int)]
+
         result = self.fail_fields(("a", Dummy, 1))
         self.assertEqual(result, (TypeError, 'bit fields not allowed for type Dummy'))
 
@@ -518,6 +528,21 @@ class Big(BigEndianStructure):
         x.c = 2
         self.assertEqual(b, b'\xab\xcd\xef\x12')
 
+    def test_union_bitfield(self):
+        class BitfieldUnion(Union):
+            _fields_ = [("a", c_uint32, 1),
+                        ("b", c_uint32, 2),
+                        ("c", c_uint32, 3)]
+        self.assertEqual(sizeof(BitfieldUnion), 4)
+        b = bytearray(4)
+        x = BitfieldUnion.from_buffer(b)
+        x.a = 1
+        self.assertEqual(int.from_bytes(b).bit_count(), 1)
+        x.b = 3
+        self.assertEqual(int.from_bytes(b).bit_count(), 2)
+        x.c = 7
+        self.assertEqual(int.from_bytes(b).bit_count(), 3)
+
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_ctypes/test_c_simple_type_meta.py b/Lib/test/test_ctypes/test_c_simple_type_meta.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..fa5144a3ca01bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/test_ctypes/test_c_simple_type_meta.py
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+import unittest
+import ctypes
+from ctypes import POINTER, c_void_p
+
+from ._support import PyCSimpleType
+
+
+class PyCSimpleTypeAsMetaclassTest(unittest.TestCase):
+    def tearDown(self):
+        # to not leak references, we must clean _pointer_type_cache
+        ctypes._reset_cache()
+
+    def test_creating_pointer_in_dunder_new_1(self):
+        # Test metaclass whose instances are C types; when the type is
+        # created it automatically creates a pointer type for itself.
+        # The pointer type is also an instance of the metaclass.
+        # Such an implementation is used in `IUnknown` of the `comtypes`
+        # project. See gh-124520.
+
+        class ct_meta(type):
+            def __new__(cls, name, bases, namespace):
+                self = super().__new__(cls, name, bases, namespace)
+
+                # Avoid recursion: don't set up a pointer to
+                # a pointer (to a pointer...)
+                if bases == (c_void_p,):
+                    # When creating PtrBase itself, the name
+                    # is not yet available
+                    return self
+                if issubclass(self, PtrBase):
+                    return self
+
+                if bases == (object,):
+                    ptr_bases = (self, PtrBase)
+                else:
+                    ptr_bases = (self, POINTER(bases[0]))
+                p = p_meta(f"POINTER({self.__name__})", ptr_bases, {})
+                ctypes._pointer_type_cache[self] = p
+                return self
+
+        class p_meta(PyCSimpleType, ct_meta):
+            pass
+
+        class PtrBase(c_void_p, metaclass=p_meta):
+            pass
+
+        class CtBase(object, metaclass=ct_meta):
+            pass
+
+        class Sub(CtBase):
+            pass
+
+        class Sub2(Sub):
+            pass
+
+        self.assertIsInstance(POINTER(Sub2), p_meta)
+        self.assertTrue(issubclass(POINTER(Sub2), Sub2))
+        self.assertTrue(issubclass(POINTER(Sub2), POINTER(Sub)))
+        self.assertTrue(issubclass(POINTER(Sub), POINTER(CtBase)))
+
+    def test_creating_pointer_in_dunder_new_2(self):
+        # A simpler variant of the above, used in `CoClass` of the `comtypes`
+        # project.
+
+        class ct_meta(type):
+            def __new__(cls, name, bases, namespace):
+                self = super().__new__(cls, name, bases, namespace)
+                if isinstance(self, p_meta):
+                    return self
+                p = p_meta(f"POINTER({self.__name__})", (self, c_void_p), {})
+                ctypes._pointer_type_cache[self] = p
+                return self
+
+        class p_meta(PyCSimpleType, ct_meta):
+            pass
+
+        class Core(object):
+            pass
+
+        class CtBase(Core, metaclass=ct_meta):
+            pass
+
+        class Sub(CtBase):
+            pass
+
+        self.assertIsInstance(POINTER(Sub), p_meta)
+        self.assertTrue(issubclass(POINTER(Sub), Sub))
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_ctypes/test_generated_structs.py b/Lib/test/test_ctypes/test_generated_structs.py
index f93371c067e8bd..d61754d6d49e70 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_ctypes/test_generated_structs.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_ctypes/test_generated_structs.py
@@ -14,10 +14,9 @@
 import re
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from functools import cached_property
-import sys
 
 import ctypes
-from ctypes import Structure, Union, _SimpleCData
+from ctypes import Structure, Union
 from ctypes import sizeof, alignment, pointer, string_at
 _ctypes_test = import_helper.import_module("_ctypes_test")
 
@@ -136,6 +135,18 @@ class Packed3(Structure):
 
 @register()
 class Packed4(Structure):
+    def _maybe_skip():
+        # `_pack_` enables MSVC-style packing, but keeps platform-specific
+        # alignments.
+        # The C code we generate for GCC/clang currently uses
+        # `__attribute__((ms_struct))`, which activates MSVC layout *and*
+        # alignments, that is, sizeof(basic type) == alignment(basic type).
+        # On a Pentium, int64 is 32-bit aligned, so the two won't match.
+        # The expected behavior is instead tested in
+        # StructureTestCase.test_packed, over in test_structures.py.
+        if sizeof(c_int64) != alignment(c_int64):
+            raise unittest.SkipTest('cannot test on this platform')
+
     _fields_ = [('a', c_int8), ('b', c_int64)]
     _pack_ = 8
 
@@ -437,6 +448,8 @@ def test_generated_data(self):
         """
         for name, cls in TESTCASES.items():
             with self.subTest(name=name):
+                if _maybe_skip := getattr(cls, '_maybe_skip', None):
+                    _maybe_skip()
                 expected = iter(_ctypes_test.get_generated_test_data(name))
                 expected_name = next(expected)
                 if expected_name is None:
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_ctypes/test_libc.py b/Lib/test/test_ctypes/test_libc.py
index 7716100b08f78e..df7dbc0ae264a0 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_ctypes/test_libc.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_ctypes/test_libc.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import ctypes
 import math
 import unittest
 from ctypes import (CDLL, CFUNCTYPE, POINTER, create_string_buffer, sizeof,
@@ -21,6 +22,31 @@ def test_sqrt(self):
         self.assertEqual(lib.my_sqrt(4.0), 2.0)
         self.assertEqual(lib.my_sqrt(2.0), math.sqrt(2.0))
 
+    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(ctypes, "c_double_complex"),
+                         "requires C11 complex type and libffi >= 3.3.0")
+    def test_csqrt(self):
+        lib.my_csqrt.argtypes = ctypes.c_double_complex,
+        lib.my_csqrt.restype = ctypes.c_double_complex
+        self.assertEqual(lib.my_csqrt(4), 2+0j)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(lib.my_csqrt(-1+0.01j),
+                               0.004999937502734214+1.0000124996093955j)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(lib.my_csqrt(-1-0.01j),
+                               0.004999937502734214-1.0000124996093955j)
+
+        lib.my_csqrtf.argtypes = ctypes.c_float_complex,
+        lib.my_csqrtf.restype = ctypes.c_float_complex
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(lib.my_csqrtf(-1+0.01j),
+                               0.004999937502734214+1.0000124996093955j)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(lib.my_csqrtf(-1-0.01j),
+                               0.004999937502734214-1.0000124996093955j)
+
+        lib.my_csqrtl.argtypes = ctypes.c_longdouble_complex,
+        lib.my_csqrtl.restype = ctypes.c_longdouble_complex
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(lib.my_csqrtl(-1+0.01j),
+                               0.004999937502734214+1.0000124996093955j)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(lib.my_csqrtl(-1-0.01j),
+                               0.004999937502734214-1.0000124996093955j)
+
     def test_qsort(self):
         comparefunc = CFUNCTYPE(c_int, POINTER(c_char), POINTER(c_char))
         lib.my_qsort.argtypes = c_void_p, c_size_t, c_size_t, comparefunc
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_ctypes/test_numbers.py b/Lib/test/test_ctypes/test_numbers.py
index 29108a28ec16e1..c57c58eb002328 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_ctypes/test_numbers.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_ctypes/test_numbers.py
@@ -1,12 +1,15 @@
 import array
+import ctypes
 import struct
 import sys
 import unittest
+from itertools import combinations
 from operator import truth
 from ctypes import (byref, sizeof, alignment,
                     c_char, c_byte, c_ubyte, c_short, c_ushort, c_int, c_uint,
                     c_long, c_ulong, c_longlong, c_ulonglong,
                     c_float, c_double, c_longdouble, c_bool)
+from test.support.testcase import ComplexesAreIdenticalMixin
 
 
 def valid_ranges(*types):
@@ -38,8 +41,28 @@ def valid_ranges(*types):
 signed_ranges = valid_ranges(*signed_types)
 bool_values = [True, False, 0, 1, -1, 5000, 'test', [], [1]]
 
+class IntLike:
+    def __int__(self):
+        return 2
 
-class NumberTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
+class IndexLike:
+    def __index__(self):
+        return 2
+
+class FloatLike:
+    def __float__(self):
+        return 2.0
+
+class ComplexLike:
+    def __complex__(self):
+        return 1+1j
+
+
+INF = float("inf")
+NAN = float("nan")
+
+
+class NumberTestCase(unittest.TestCase, ComplexesAreIdenticalMixin):
 
     def test_default_init(self):
         # default values are set to zero
@@ -86,9 +109,6 @@ def test_byref(self):
     def test_floats(self):
         # c_float and c_double can be created from
         # Python int and float
-        class FloatLike:
-            def __float__(self):
-                return 2.0
         f = FloatLike()
         for t in float_types:
             self.assertEqual(t(2.0).value, 2.0)
@@ -96,18 +116,34 @@ def __float__(self):
             self.assertEqual(t(2).value, 2.0)
             self.assertEqual(t(f).value, 2.0)
 
+    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(ctypes, "c_double_complex"),
+                         "requires C11 complex type")
+    def test_complex(self):
+        for t in [ctypes.c_double_complex, ctypes.c_float_complex,
+                  ctypes.c_longdouble_complex]:
+            self.assertEqual(t(1).value, 1+0j)
+            self.assertEqual(t(1.0).value, 1+0j)
+            self.assertEqual(t(1+0.125j).value, 1+0.125j)
+            self.assertEqual(t(IndexLike()).value, 2+0j)
+            self.assertEqual(t(FloatLike()).value, 2+0j)
+            self.assertEqual(t(ComplexLike()).value, 1+1j)
+
+    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(ctypes, "c_double_complex"),
+                         "requires C11 complex type")
+    def test_complex_round_trip(self):
+        # Ensure complexes transformed exactly.  The CMPLX macro should
+        # preserve special components (like inf/nan or signed zero).
+        values = [complex(*_) for _ in combinations([1, -1, 0.0, -0.0, 2,
+                                                     -3, INF, -INF, NAN], 2)]
+        for z in values:
+            for t in [ctypes.c_double_complex, ctypes.c_float_complex,
+                      ctypes.c_longdouble_complex]:
+                with self.subTest(z=z, type=t):
+                    self.assertComplexesAreIdentical(z, t(z).value)
+
     def test_integers(self):
-        class FloatLike:
-            def __float__(self):
-                return 2.0
         f = FloatLike()
-        class IntLike:
-            def __int__(self):
-                return 2
         d = IntLike()
-        class IndexLike:
-            def __index__(self):
-                return 2
         i = IndexLike()
         # integers cannot be constructed from floats,
         # but from integer-like objects
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_ctypes/test_struct_fields.py b/Lib/test/test_ctypes/test_struct_fields.py
index 7adab794809def..b5e165f3bae929 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_ctypes/test_struct_fields.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_ctypes/test_struct_fields.py
@@ -4,7 +4,9 @@
                        Py_TPFLAGS_IMMUTABLETYPE)
 
 
-class StructFieldsTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
+NOTHING = object()
+
+class FieldsTestBase:
     # Structure/Union classes must get 'finalized' sooner or
     # later, when one of these things happen:
     #
@@ -14,42 +16,47 @@ class StructFieldsTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     # 4. The type is subclassed
     #
     # When they are finalized, assigning _fields_ is no longer allowed.
+
+    def assert_final_fields(self, cls, expected=NOTHING):
+        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, setattr, cls, "_fields_", [])
+        self.assertEqual(getattr(cls, "_fields_", NOTHING), expected)
+
     def test_1_A(self):
-        class X(Structure):
+        class X(self.cls):
             pass
         self.assertEqual(sizeof(X), 0) # not finalized
         X._fields_ = [] # finalized
-        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, setattr, X, "_fields_", [])
+        self.assert_final_fields(X, expected=[])
 
     def test_1_B(self):
-        class X(Structure):
+        class X(self.cls):
             _fields_ = [] # finalized
-        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, setattr, X, "_fields_", [])
+        self.assert_final_fields(X, expected=[])
 
     def test_2(self):
-        class X(Structure):
+        class X(self.cls):
             pass
         X()
-        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, setattr, X, "_fields_", [])
+        self.assert_final_fields(X)
 
     def test_3(self):
-        class X(Structure):
+        class X(self.cls):
             pass
-        class Y(Structure):
+        class Y(self.cls):
             _fields_ = [("x", X)] # finalizes X
-        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, setattr, X, "_fields_", [])
+        self.assert_final_fields(X)
 
     def test_4(self):
-        class X(Structure):
+        class X(self.cls):
             pass
         class Y(X):
             pass
-        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, setattr, X, "_fields_", [])
+        self.assert_final_fields(X)
         Y._fields_ = []
-        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, setattr, X, "_fields_", [])
+        self.assert_final_fields(X)
 
     def test_5(self):
-        class X(Structure):
+        class X(self.cls):
             _fields_ = (("char", c_char * 5),)
 
         x = X(b'#' * 5)
@@ -59,15 +66,8 @@ class X(Structure):
     def test_6(self):
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, CField)
 
-    def test_cfield_type_flags(self):
-        self.assertTrue(CField.__flags__ & Py_TPFLAGS_DISALLOW_INSTANTIATION)
-        self.assertTrue(CField.__flags__ & Py_TPFLAGS_IMMUTABLETYPE)
-
-    def test_cfield_inheritance_hierarchy(self):
-        self.assertEqual(CField.mro(), [CField, object])
-
     def test_gh99275(self):
-        class BrokenStructure(Structure):
+        class BrokenStructure(self.cls):
             def __init_subclass__(cls, **kwargs):
                 cls._fields_ = []  # This line will fail, `stginfo` is not ready
 
@@ -78,26 +78,28 @@ class Subclass(BrokenStructure): ...
     # __set__ and __get__ should raise a TypeError in case their self
     # argument is not a ctype instance.
     def test___set__(self):
-        class MyCStruct(Structure):
+        class MyCStruct(self.cls):
             _fields_ = (("field", c_int),)
         self.assertRaises(TypeError,
                           MyCStruct.field.__set__, 'wrong type self', 42)
 
-        class MyCUnion(Union):
-            _fields_ = (("field", c_int),)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError,
-                          MyCUnion.field.__set__, 'wrong type self', 42)
-
     def test___get__(self):
-        class MyCStruct(Structure):
+        class MyCStruct(self.cls):
             _fields_ = (("field", c_int),)
         self.assertRaises(TypeError,
                           MyCStruct.field.__get__, 'wrong type self', 42)
 
-        class MyCUnion(Union):
-            _fields_ = (("field", c_int),)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError,
-                          MyCUnion.field.__get__, 'wrong type self', 42)
+class StructFieldsTestCase(unittest.TestCase, FieldsTestBase):
+    cls = Structure
+
+    def test_cfield_type_flags(self):
+        self.assertTrue(CField.__flags__ & Py_TPFLAGS_IMMUTABLETYPE)
+
+    def test_cfield_inheritance_hierarchy(self):
+        self.assertEqual(CField.mro(), [CField, object])
+
+class UnionFieldsTestCase(unittest.TestCase, FieldsTestBase):
+    cls = Union
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_ctypes/test_structunion.py b/Lib/test/test_ctypes/test_structunion.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..973ac3b2f1919d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/test_ctypes/test_structunion.py
@@ -0,0 +1,353 @@
+"""Common tests for ctypes.Structure and ctypes.Union"""
+
+import unittest
+from ctypes import (Structure, Union, POINTER, sizeof, alignment,
+                    c_char, c_byte, c_ubyte,
+                    c_short, c_ushort, c_int, c_uint,
+                    c_long, c_ulong, c_longlong, c_ulonglong, c_float, c_double)
+from ._support import (_CData, PyCStructType, UnionType,
+                       Py_TPFLAGS_DISALLOW_INSTANTIATION,
+                       Py_TPFLAGS_IMMUTABLETYPE)
+from struct import calcsize
+
+
+class StructUnionTestBase:
+    formats = {"c": c_char,
+               "b": c_byte,
+               "B": c_ubyte,
+               "h": c_short,
+               "H": c_ushort,
+               "i": c_int,
+               "I": c_uint,
+               "l": c_long,
+               "L": c_ulong,
+               "q": c_longlong,
+               "Q": c_ulonglong,
+               "f": c_float,
+               "d": c_double,
+               }
+
+    def test_subclass(self):
+        class X(self.cls):
+            _fields_ = [("a", c_int)]
+
+        class Y(X):
+            _fields_ = [("b", c_int)]
+
+        class Z(X):
+            pass
+
+        self.assertEqual(sizeof(X), sizeof(c_int))
+        self.check_sizeof(Y,
+                          struct_size=sizeof(c_int)*2,
+                          union_size=sizeof(c_int))
+        self.assertEqual(sizeof(Z), sizeof(c_int))
+        self.assertEqual(X._fields_, [("a", c_int)])
+        self.assertEqual(Y._fields_, [("b", c_int)])
+        self.assertEqual(Z._fields_, [("a", c_int)])
+
+    def test_subclass_delayed(self):
+        class X(self.cls):
+            pass
+        self.assertEqual(sizeof(X), 0)
+        X._fields_ = [("a", c_int)]
+
+        class Y(X):
+            pass
+        self.assertEqual(sizeof(Y), sizeof(X))
+        Y._fields_ = [("b", c_int)]
+
+        class Z(X):
+            pass
+
+        self.assertEqual(sizeof(X), sizeof(c_int))
+        self.check_sizeof(Y,
+                          struct_size=sizeof(c_int)*2,
+                          union_size=sizeof(c_int))
+        self.assertEqual(sizeof(Z), sizeof(c_int))
+        self.assertEqual(X._fields_, [("a", c_int)])
+        self.assertEqual(Y._fields_, [("b", c_int)])
+        self.assertEqual(Z._fields_, [("a", c_int)])
+
+    def test_inheritance_hierarchy(self):
+        self.assertEqual(self.cls.mro(), [self.cls, _CData, object])
+        self.assertEqual(type(self.metacls), type)
+
+    def test_type_flags(self):
+        for cls in self.cls, self.metacls:
+            with self.subTest(cls=cls):
+                self.assertTrue(cls.__flags__ & Py_TPFLAGS_IMMUTABLETYPE)
+                self.assertFalse(cls.__flags__ & Py_TPFLAGS_DISALLOW_INSTANTIATION)
+
+    def test_metaclass_details(self):
+        # Abstract classes (whose metaclass __init__ was not called) can't be
+        # instantiated directly
+        NewClass = self.metacls.__new__(self.metacls, 'NewClass',
+                                        (self.cls,), {})
+        for cls in self.cls, NewClass:
+            with self.subTest(cls=cls):
+                with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "abstract class"):
+                    obj = cls()
+
+        # Cannot call the metaclass __init__ more than once
+        class T(self.cls):
+            _fields_ = [("x", c_char),
+                        ("y", c_char)]
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(SystemError, "already initialized"):
+            self.metacls.__init__(T, 'ptr', (), {})
+
+    def test_alignment(self):
+        class X(self.cls):
+            _fields_ = [("x", c_char * 3)]
+        self.assertEqual(alignment(X), calcsize("s"))
+        self.assertEqual(sizeof(X), calcsize("3s"))
+
+        class Y(self.cls):
+            _fields_ = [("x", c_char * 3),
+                        ("y", c_int)]
+        self.assertEqual(alignment(Y), alignment(c_int))
+        self.check_sizeof(Y,
+                          struct_size=calcsize("3s i"),
+                          union_size=max(calcsize("3s"), calcsize("i")))
+
+        class SI(self.cls):
+            _fields_ = [("a", X),
+                        ("b", Y)]
+        self.assertEqual(alignment(SI), max(alignment(Y), alignment(X)))
+        self.check_sizeof(SI,
+                          struct_size=calcsize("3s0i 3si 0i"),
+                          union_size=max(calcsize("3s"), calcsize("i")))
+
+        class IS(self.cls):
+            _fields_ = [("b", Y),
+                        ("a", X)]
+
+        self.assertEqual(alignment(SI), max(alignment(X), alignment(Y)))
+        self.check_sizeof(IS,
+                          struct_size=calcsize("3si 3s 0i"),
+                          union_size=max(calcsize("3s"), calcsize("i")))
+
+        class XX(self.cls):
+            _fields_ = [("a", X),
+                        ("b", X)]
+        self.assertEqual(alignment(XX), alignment(X))
+        self.check_sizeof(XX,
+                          struct_size=calcsize("3s 3s 0s"),
+                          union_size=calcsize("3s"))
+
+    def test_empty(self):
+        # I had problems with these
+        #
+        # Although these are pathological cases: Empty Structures!
+        class X(self.cls):
+            _fields_ = []
+
+        # Is this really the correct alignment, or should it be 0?
+        self.assertTrue(alignment(X) == 1)
+        self.assertTrue(sizeof(X) == 0)
+
+        class XX(self.cls):
+            _fields_ = [("a", X),
+                        ("b", X)]
+
+        self.assertEqual(alignment(XX), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(sizeof(XX), 0)
+
+    def test_fields(self):
+        # test the offset and size attributes of Structure/Union fields.
+        class X(self.cls):
+            _fields_ = [("x", c_int),
+                        ("y", c_char)]
+
+        self.assertEqual(X.x.offset, 0)
+        self.assertEqual(X.x.size, sizeof(c_int))
+
+        if self.cls == Structure:
+            self.assertEqual(X.y.offset, sizeof(c_int))
+        else:
+            self.assertEqual(X.y.offset, 0)
+        self.assertEqual(X.y.size, sizeof(c_char))
+
+        # readonly
+        self.assertRaises((TypeError, AttributeError), setattr, X.x, "offset", 92)
+        self.assertRaises((TypeError, AttributeError), setattr, X.x, "size", 92)
+
+        # XXX Should we check nested data types also?
+        # offset is always relative to the class...
+
+    def test_invalid_field_types(self):
+        class POINT(self.cls):
+            pass
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, setattr, POINT, "_fields_", [("x", 1), ("y", 2)])
+
+    def test_invalid_name(self):
+        # field name must be string
+        def declare_with_name(name):
+            class S(self.cls):
+                _fields_ = [(name, c_int)]
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, declare_with_name, b"x")
+
+    def test_intarray_fields(self):
+        class SomeInts(self.cls):
+            _fields_ = [("a", c_int * 4)]
+
+        # can use tuple to initialize array (but not list!)
+        self.assertEqual(SomeInts((1, 2)).a[:], [1, 2, 0, 0])
+        self.assertEqual(SomeInts((1, 2)).a[::], [1, 2, 0, 0])
+        self.assertEqual(SomeInts((1, 2)).a[::-1], [0, 0, 2, 1])
+        self.assertEqual(SomeInts((1, 2)).a[::2], [1, 0])
+        self.assertEqual(SomeInts((1, 2)).a[1:5:6], [2])
+        self.assertEqual(SomeInts((1, 2)).a[6:4:-1], [])
+        self.assertEqual(SomeInts((1, 2, 3, 4)).a[:], [1, 2, 3, 4])
+        self.assertEqual(SomeInts((1, 2, 3, 4)).a[::], [1, 2, 3, 4])
+        # too long
+        # XXX Should raise ValueError?, not RuntimeError
+        self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, SomeInts, (1, 2, 3, 4, 5))
+
+    def test_huge_field_name(self):
+        # issue12881: segfault with large structure field names
+        def create_class(length):
+            class S(self.cls):
+                _fields_ = [('x' * length, c_int)]
+
+        for length in [10 ** i for i in range(0, 8)]:
+            try:
+                create_class(length)
+            except MemoryError:
+                # MemoryErrors are OK, we just don't want to segfault
+                pass
+
+    def test_abstract_class(self):
+        class X(self.cls):
+            _abstract_ = "something"
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"^abstract class$"):
+            X()
+
+    def test_methods(self):
+        self.assertIn("in_dll", dir(type(self.cls)))
+        self.assertIn("from_address", dir(type(self.cls)))
+        self.assertIn("in_dll", dir(type(self.cls)))
+
+
+class StructureTestCase(unittest.TestCase, StructUnionTestBase):
+    cls = Structure
+    metacls = PyCStructType
+
+    def test_metaclass_name(self):
+        self.assertEqual(self.metacls.__name__, "PyCStructType")
+
+    def check_sizeof(self, cls, *, struct_size, union_size):
+        self.assertEqual(sizeof(cls), struct_size)
+
+    def test_simple_structs(self):
+        for code, tp in self.formats.items():
+            class X(Structure):
+                _fields_ = [("x", c_char),
+                            ("y", tp)]
+            self.assertEqual((sizeof(X), code),
+                                 (calcsize("c%c0%c" % (code, code)), code))
+
+
+class UnionTestCase(unittest.TestCase, StructUnionTestBase):
+    cls = Union
+    metacls = UnionType
+
+    def test_metaclass_name(self):
+        self.assertEqual(self.metacls.__name__, "UnionType")
+
+    def check_sizeof(self, cls, *, struct_size, union_size):
+        self.assertEqual(sizeof(cls), union_size)
+
+    def test_simple_unions(self):
+        for code, tp in self.formats.items():
+            class X(Union):
+                _fields_ = [("x", c_char),
+                            ("y", tp)]
+            self.assertEqual((sizeof(X), code),
+                             (calcsize("%c" % (code)), code))
+
+
+class PointerMemberTestBase:
+    def test(self):
+        # a Structure/Union with a POINTER field
+        class S(self.cls):
+            _fields_ = [("array", POINTER(c_int))]
+
+        s = S()
+        # We can assign arrays of the correct type
+        s.array = (c_int * 3)(1, 2, 3)
+        items = [s.array[i] for i in range(3)]
+        self.assertEqual(items, [1, 2, 3])
+
+        s.array[0] = 42
+
+        items = [s.array[i] for i in range(3)]
+        self.assertEqual(items, [42, 2, 3])
+
+        s.array[0] = 1
+
+        items = [s.array[i] for i in range(3)]
+        self.assertEqual(items, [1, 2, 3])
+
+class PointerMemberTestCase_Struct(unittest.TestCase, PointerMemberTestBase):
+    cls = Structure
+
+    def test_none_to_pointer_fields(self):
+        class S(self.cls):
+            _fields_ = [("x", c_int),
+                        ("p", POINTER(c_int))]
+
+        s = S()
+        s.x = 12345678
+        s.p = None
+        self.assertEqual(s.x, 12345678)
+
+class PointerMemberTestCase_Union(unittest.TestCase, PointerMemberTestBase):
+    cls = Union
+
+    def test_none_to_pointer_fields(self):
+        class S(self.cls):
+            _fields_ = [("x", c_int),
+                        ("p", POINTER(c_int))]
+
+        s = S()
+        s.x = 12345678
+        s.p = None
+        self.assertFalse(s.p)  # NULL pointers are falsy
+
+
+class TestRecursiveBase:
+    def test_contains_itself(self):
+        class Recursive(self.cls):
+            pass
+
+        try:
+            Recursive._fields_ = [("next", Recursive)]
+        except AttributeError as details:
+            self.assertIn("Structure or union cannot contain itself",
+                          str(details))
+        else:
+            self.fail("Structure or union cannot contain itself")
+
+
+    def test_vice_versa(self):
+        class First(self.cls):
+            pass
+        class Second(self.cls):
+            pass
+
+        First._fields_ = [("second", Second)]
+
+        try:
+            Second._fields_ = [("first", First)]
+        except AttributeError as details:
+            self.assertIn("_fields_ is final", str(details))
+        else:
+            self.fail("AttributeError not raised")
+
+class TestRecursiveStructure(unittest.TestCase, TestRecursiveBase):
+    cls = Structure
+
+class TestRecursiveUnion(unittest.TestCase, TestRecursiveBase):
+    cls = Union
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_ctypes/test_structures.py b/Lib/test/test_ctypes/test_structures.py
index 7650c80273f812..0ec238e04b74cd 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_ctypes/test_structures.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_ctypes/test_structures.py
@@ -1,209 +1,24 @@
+"""Tests for ctypes.Structure
+
+Features common with Union should go in test_structunion.py instead.
+"""
+
 from platform import architecture as _architecture
 import struct
 import sys
 import unittest
-from ctypes import (CDLL, Array, Structure, Union, POINTER, sizeof, byref, alignment,
+from ctypes import (CDLL, Structure, Union, POINTER, sizeof, byref,
                     c_void_p, c_char, c_wchar, c_byte, c_ubyte,
-                    c_uint8, c_uint16, c_uint32,
-                    c_short, c_ushort, c_int, c_uint,
-                    c_long, c_ulong, c_longlong, c_ulonglong, c_float, c_double)
+                    c_uint8, c_uint16, c_uint32, c_int, c_uint,
+                    c_long, c_ulong, c_longlong, c_float, c_double)
 from ctypes.util import find_library
-from struct import calcsize
 from collections import namedtuple
 from test import support
 from test.support import import_helper
 _ctypes_test = import_helper.import_module("_ctypes_test")
-from ._support import (_CData, PyCStructType, Py_TPFLAGS_DISALLOW_INSTANTIATION,
-                       Py_TPFLAGS_IMMUTABLETYPE)
-
-
-class SubclassesTest(unittest.TestCase):
-    def test_subclass(self):
-        class X(Structure):
-            _fields_ = [("a", c_int)]
-
-        class Y(X):
-            _fields_ = [("b", c_int)]
-
-        class Z(X):
-            pass
-
-        self.assertEqual(sizeof(X), sizeof(c_int))
-        self.assertEqual(sizeof(Y), sizeof(c_int)*2)
-        self.assertEqual(sizeof(Z), sizeof(c_int))
-        self.assertEqual(X._fields_, [("a", c_int)])
-        self.assertEqual(Y._fields_, [("b", c_int)])
-        self.assertEqual(Z._fields_, [("a", c_int)])
-
-    def test_subclass_delayed(self):
-        class X(Structure):
-            pass
-        self.assertEqual(sizeof(X), 0)
-        X._fields_ = [("a", c_int)]
-
-        class Y(X):
-            pass
-        self.assertEqual(sizeof(Y), sizeof(X))
-        Y._fields_ = [("b", c_int)]
-
-        class Z(X):
-            pass
-
-        self.assertEqual(sizeof(X), sizeof(c_int))
-        self.assertEqual(sizeof(Y), sizeof(c_int)*2)
-        self.assertEqual(sizeof(Z), sizeof(c_int))
-        self.assertEqual(X._fields_, [("a", c_int)])
-        self.assertEqual(Y._fields_, [("b", c_int)])
-        self.assertEqual(Z._fields_, [("a", c_int)])
 
 
 class StructureTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
-    formats = {"c": c_char,
-               "b": c_byte,
-               "B": c_ubyte,
-               "h": c_short,
-               "H": c_ushort,
-               "i": c_int,
-               "I": c_uint,
-               "l": c_long,
-               "L": c_ulong,
-               "q": c_longlong,
-               "Q": c_ulonglong,
-               "f": c_float,
-               "d": c_double,
-               }
-
-    def test_inheritance_hierarchy(self):
-        self.assertEqual(Structure.mro(), [Structure, _CData, object])
-
-        self.assertEqual(PyCStructType.__name__, "PyCStructType")
-        self.assertEqual(type(PyCStructType), type)
-
-
-    def test_type_flags(self):
-        for cls in Structure, PyCStructType:
-            with self.subTest(cls=cls):
-                self.assertTrue(Structure.__flags__ & Py_TPFLAGS_IMMUTABLETYPE)
-                self.assertFalse(Structure.__flags__ & Py_TPFLAGS_DISALLOW_INSTANTIATION)
-
-    def test_metaclass_details(self):
-        # Abstract classes (whose metaclass __init__ was not called) can't be
-        # instantiated directly
-        NewStructure = PyCStructType.__new__(PyCStructType, 'NewStructure',
-                                             (Structure,), {})
-        for cls in Structure, NewStructure:
-            with self.subTest(cls=cls):
-                with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "abstract class"):
-                    obj = cls()
-
-        # Cannot call the metaclass __init__ more than once
-        class T(Structure):
-            _fields_ = [("x", c_char),
-                        ("y", c_char)]
-        with self.assertRaisesRegex(SystemError, "already initialized"):
-            PyCStructType.__init__(T, 'ptr', (), {})
-
-    def test_simple_structs(self):
-        for code, tp in self.formats.items():
-            class X(Structure):
-                _fields_ = [("x", c_char),
-                            ("y", tp)]
-            self.assertEqual((sizeof(X), code),
-                                 (calcsize("c%c0%c" % (code, code)), code))
-
-    def test_unions(self):
-        for code, tp in self.formats.items():
-            class X(Union):
-                _fields_ = [("x", c_char),
-                            ("y", tp)]
-            self.assertEqual((sizeof(X), code),
-                                 (calcsize("%c" % (code)), code))
-
-    def test_struct_alignment(self):
-        class X(Structure):
-            _fields_ = [("x", c_char * 3)]
-        self.assertEqual(alignment(X), calcsize("s"))
-        self.assertEqual(sizeof(X), calcsize("3s"))
-
-        class Y(Structure):
-            _fields_ = [("x", c_char * 3),
-                        ("y", c_int)]
-        self.assertEqual(alignment(Y), alignment(c_int))
-        self.assertEqual(sizeof(Y), calcsize("3si"))
-
-        class SI(Structure):
-            _fields_ = [("a", X),
-                        ("b", Y)]
-        self.assertEqual(alignment(SI), max(alignment(Y), alignment(X)))
-        self.assertEqual(sizeof(SI), calcsize("3s0i 3si 0i"))
-
-        class IS(Structure):
-            _fields_ = [("b", Y),
-                        ("a", X)]
-
-        self.assertEqual(alignment(SI), max(alignment(X), alignment(Y)))
-        self.assertEqual(sizeof(IS), calcsize("3si 3s 0i"))
-
-        class XX(Structure):
-            _fields_ = [("a", X),
-                        ("b", X)]
-        self.assertEqual(alignment(XX), alignment(X))
-        self.assertEqual(sizeof(XX), calcsize("3s 3s 0s"))
-
-    def test_empty(self):
-        # I had problems with these
-        #
-        # Although these are pathological cases: Empty Structures!
-        class X(Structure):
-            _fields_ = []
-
-        class Y(Union):
-            _fields_ = []
-
-        # Is this really the correct alignment, or should it be 0?
-        self.assertTrue(alignment(X) == alignment(Y) == 1)
-        self.assertTrue(sizeof(X) == sizeof(Y) == 0)
-
-        class XX(Structure):
-            _fields_ = [("a", X),
-                        ("b", X)]
-
-        self.assertEqual(alignment(XX), 1)
-        self.assertEqual(sizeof(XX), 0)
-
-    def test_fields(self):
-        # test the offset and size attributes of Structure/Union fields.
-        class X(Structure):
-            _fields_ = [("x", c_int),
-                        ("y", c_char)]
-
-        self.assertEqual(X.x.offset, 0)
-        self.assertEqual(X.x.size, sizeof(c_int))
-
-        self.assertEqual(X.y.offset, sizeof(c_int))
-        self.assertEqual(X.y.size, sizeof(c_char))
-
-        # readonly
-        self.assertRaises((TypeError, AttributeError), setattr, X.x, "offset", 92)
-        self.assertRaises((TypeError, AttributeError), setattr, X.x, "size", 92)
-
-        class X(Union):
-            _fields_ = [("x", c_int),
-                        ("y", c_char)]
-
-        self.assertEqual(X.x.offset, 0)
-        self.assertEqual(X.x.size, sizeof(c_int))
-
-        self.assertEqual(X.y.offset, 0)
-        self.assertEqual(X.y.size, sizeof(c_char))
-
-        # readonly
-        self.assertRaises((TypeError, AttributeError), setattr, X.x, "offset", 92)
-        self.assertRaises((TypeError, AttributeError), setattr, X.x, "size", 92)
-
-        # XXX Should we check nested data types also?
-        # offset is always relative to the class...
-
     def test_packed(self):
         class X(Structure):
             _fields_ = [("a", c_byte),
@@ -290,36 +105,6 @@ class POINT(Structure):
         pt = POINT(y=2, x=1)
         self.assertEqual((pt.x, pt.y), (1, 2))
 
-    def test_invalid_field_types(self):
-        class POINT(Structure):
-            pass
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, setattr, POINT, "_fields_", [("x", 1), ("y", 2)])
-
-    def test_invalid_name(self):
-        # field name must be string
-        def declare_with_name(name):
-            class S(Structure):
-                _fields_ = [(name, c_int)]
-
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, declare_with_name, b"x")
-
-    def test_intarray_fields(self):
-        class SomeInts(Structure):
-            _fields_ = [("a", c_int * 4)]
-
-        # can use tuple to initialize array (but not list!)
-        self.assertEqual(SomeInts((1, 2)).a[:], [1, 2, 0, 0])
-        self.assertEqual(SomeInts((1, 2)).a[::], [1, 2, 0, 0])
-        self.assertEqual(SomeInts((1, 2)).a[::-1], [0, 0, 2, 1])
-        self.assertEqual(SomeInts((1, 2)).a[::2], [1, 0])
-        self.assertEqual(SomeInts((1, 2)).a[1:5:6], [2])
-        self.assertEqual(SomeInts((1, 2)).a[6:4:-1], [])
-        self.assertEqual(SomeInts((1, 2, 3, 4)).a[:], [1, 2, 3, 4])
-        self.assertEqual(SomeInts((1, 2, 3, 4)).a[::], [1, 2, 3, 4])
-        # too long
-        # XXX Should raise ValueError?, not RuntimeError
-        self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, SomeInts, (1, 2, 3, 4, 5))
-
     def test_nested_initializers(self):
         # test initializing nested structures
         class Phone(Structure):
@@ -374,37 +159,12 @@ class Person(Structure):
         self.assertEqual(msg,
                              "(Phone) TypeError: too many initializers")
 
-    def test_huge_field_name(self):
-        # issue12881: segfault with large structure field names
-        def create_class(length):
-            class S(Structure):
-                _fields_ = [('x' * length, c_int)]
-
-        for length in [10 ** i for i in range(0, 8)]:
-            try:
-                create_class(length)
-            except MemoryError:
-                # MemoryErrors are OK, we just don't want to segfault
-                pass
-
     def get_except(self, func, *args):
         try:
             func(*args)
         except Exception as detail:
             return detail.__class__, str(detail)
 
-    def test_abstract_class(self):
-        class X(Structure):
-            _abstract_ = "something"
-        # try 'X()'
-        cls, msg = self.get_except(eval, "X()", locals())
-        self.assertEqual((cls, msg), (TypeError, "abstract class"))
-
-    def test_methods(self):
-        self.assertIn("in_dll", dir(type(Structure)))
-        self.assertIn("from_address", dir(type(Structure)))
-        self.assertIn("in_dll", dir(type(Structure)))
-
     def test_positional_args(self):
         # see also http://bugs.python.org/issue5042
         class W(Structure):
@@ -507,6 +267,8 @@ class X(Structure):
         self.assertEqual(s.second, got.second)
 
     def _test_issue18060(self, Vector):
+        # Regression tests for gh-62260
+
         # The call to atan2() should succeed if the
         # class fields were correctly cloned in the
         # subclasses. Otherwise, it will segfault.
@@ -698,6 +460,7 @@ class Test3E(Structure):
                 self.assertEqual(result.data[i], float(i+1))
 
     def test_38368(self):
+        # Regression test for gh-82549
         class U(Union):
             _fields_ = [
                 ('f1', c_uint8 * 16),
@@ -719,9 +482,9 @@ class U(Union):
             self.assertEqual(f2, [0x4567, 0x0123, 0xcdef, 0x89ab,
                                   0x3210, 0x7654, 0xba98, 0xfedc])
 
-    @unittest.skipIf(True, 'Test disabled for now - see bpo-16575/bpo-16576')
+    @unittest.skipIf(True, 'Test disabled for now - see gh-60779/gh-60780')
     def test_union_by_value(self):
-        # See bpo-16575
+        # See gh-60779
 
         # These should mirror the structures in Modules/_ctypes/_ctypes_test.c
 
@@ -800,9 +563,9 @@ class Test5(Structure):
         self.assertEqual(test5.nested.an_int, 0)
         self.assertEqual(test5.another_int, 0)
 
-    @unittest.skipIf(True, 'Test disabled for now - see bpo-16575/bpo-16576')
+    @unittest.skipIf(True, 'Test disabled for now - see gh-60779/gh-60780')
     def test_bitfield_by_value(self):
-        # See bpo-16576
+        # See gh-60780
 
         # These should mirror the structures in Modules/_ctypes/_ctypes_test.c
 
@@ -882,75 +645,5 @@ class Test8(Union):
                          'a union by value, which is unsupported.')
 
 
-class PointerMemberTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
-
-    def test(self):
-        # a Structure with a POINTER field
-        class S(Structure):
-            _fields_ = [("array", POINTER(c_int))]
-
-        s = S()
-        # We can assign arrays of the correct type
-        s.array = (c_int * 3)(1, 2, 3)
-        items = [s.array[i] for i in range(3)]
-        self.assertEqual(items, [1, 2, 3])
-
-        # The following are bugs, but are included here because the unittests
-        # also describe the current behaviour.
-        #
-        # This fails with SystemError: bad arg to internal function
-        # or with IndexError (with a patch I have)
-
-        s.array[0] = 42
-
-        items = [s.array[i] for i in range(3)]
-        self.assertEqual(items, [42, 2, 3])
-
-        s.array[0] = 1
-
-        items = [s.array[i] for i in range(3)]
-        self.assertEqual(items, [1, 2, 3])
-
-    def test_none_to_pointer_fields(self):
-        class S(Structure):
-            _fields_ = [("x", c_int),
-                        ("p", POINTER(c_int))]
-
-        s = S()
-        s.x = 12345678
-        s.p = None
-        self.assertEqual(s.x, 12345678)
-
-
-class TestRecursiveStructure(unittest.TestCase):
-    def test_contains_itself(self):
-        class Recursive(Structure):
-            pass
-
-        try:
-            Recursive._fields_ = [("next", Recursive)]
-        except AttributeError as details:
-            self.assertIn("Structure or union cannot contain itself",
-                          str(details))
-        else:
-            self.fail("Structure or union cannot contain itself")
-
-
-    def test_vice_versa(self):
-        class First(Structure):
-            pass
-        class Second(Structure):
-            pass
-
-        First._fields_ = [("second", Second)]
-
-        try:
-            Second._fields_ = [("first", First)]
-        except AttributeError as details:
-            self.assertIn("_fields_ is final", str(details))
-        else:
-            self.fail("AttributeError not raised")
-
-
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_ctypes/test_unions.py b/Lib/test/test_ctypes/test_unions.py
deleted file mode 100644
index e2dff0f22a9213..00000000000000
--- a/Lib/test/test_ctypes/test_unions.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-import unittest
-from ctypes import Union, c_char
-from ._support import (_CData, UnionType, Py_TPFLAGS_DISALLOW_INSTANTIATION,
-                       Py_TPFLAGS_IMMUTABLETYPE)
-
-
-class ArrayTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
-    def test_inheritance_hierarchy(self):
-        self.assertEqual(Union.mro(), [Union, _CData, object])
-
-        self.assertEqual(UnionType.__name__, "UnionType")
-        self.assertEqual(type(UnionType), type)
-
-    def test_type_flags(self):
-        for cls in Union, UnionType:
-            with self.subTest(cls=Union):
-                self.assertTrue(Union.__flags__ & Py_TPFLAGS_IMMUTABLETYPE)
-                self.assertFalse(Union.__flags__ & Py_TPFLAGS_DISALLOW_INSTANTIATION)
-
-    def test_metaclass_details(self):
-        # Abstract classes (whose metaclass __init__ was not called) can't be
-        # instantiated directly
-        NewUnion = UnionType.__new__(UnionType, 'NewUnion',
-                                     (Union,), {})
-        for cls in Union, NewUnion:
-            with self.subTest(cls=cls):
-                with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "abstract class"):
-                    obj = cls()
-
-        # Cannot call the metaclass __init__ more than once
-        class T(Union):
-            _fields_ = [("x", c_char),
-                        ("y", c_char)]
-        with self.assertRaisesRegex(SystemError, "already initialized"):
-            UnionType.__init__(T, 'ptr', (), {})
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_curses.py b/Lib/test/test_curses.py
index 83d10dd8579074..cc3aa561cd4c42 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_curses.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_curses.py
@@ -1081,6 +1081,14 @@ def test_resize_term(self):
         self.assertEqual(curses.LINES, lines)
         self.assertEqual(curses.COLS, cols)
 
+        with self.assertRaises(OverflowError):
+            curses.resize_term(35000, 1)
+        with self.assertRaises(OverflowError):
+            curses.resize_term(1, 35000)
+        # GH-120378: Overflow failure in resize_term() causes refresh to fail
+        tmp = curses.initscr()
+        tmp.erase()
+
     @requires_curses_func('resizeterm')
     def test_resizeterm(self):
         curses.update_lines_cols()
@@ -1095,6 +1103,14 @@ def test_resizeterm(self):
         self.assertEqual(curses.LINES, lines)
         self.assertEqual(curses.COLS, cols)
 
+        with self.assertRaises(OverflowError):
+            curses.resizeterm(35000, 1)
+        with self.assertRaises(OverflowError):
+            curses.resizeterm(1, 35000)
+        # GH-120378: Overflow failure in resizeterm() causes refresh to fail
+        tmp = curses.initscr()
+        tmp.erase()
+
     def test_ungetch(self):
         curses.ungetch(b'A')
         self.assertEqual(self.stdscr.getkey(), 'A')
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_dataclasses/__init__.py b/Lib/test/test_dataclasses/__init__.py
index 2a04b524ee53d1..109a264b818bdf 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_dataclasses/__init__.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_dataclasses/__init__.py
@@ -17,7 +17,8 @@
 from typing import ClassVar, Any, List, Union, Tuple, Dict, Generic, TypeVar, Optional, Protocol, DefaultDict
 from typing import get_type_hints
 from collections import deque, OrderedDict, namedtuple, defaultdict
-from functools import total_ordering
+from copy import deepcopy
+from functools import total_ordering, wraps
 
 import typing       # Needed for the string "typing.ClassVar[int]" to work as an annotation.
 import dataclasses  # Needed for the string "dataclasses.InitVar[int]" to work as an annotation.
@@ -60,7 +61,7 @@ class C:
                 x: int = field(default=1, default_factory=int)
 
     def test_field_repr(self):
-        int_field = field(default=1, init=True, repr=False)
+        int_field = field(default=1, init=True, repr=False, doc='Docstring')
         int_field.name = "id"
         repr_output = repr(int_field)
         expected_output = "Field(name='id',type=None," \
@@ -68,6 +69,7 @@ def test_field_repr(self):
                            "init=True,repr=False,hash=None," \
                            "compare=True,metadata=mappingproxy({})," \
                            f"kw_only={MISSING!r}," \
+                           "doc='Docstring'," \
                            "_field_type=None)"
 
         self.assertEqual(repr_output, expected_output)
@@ -3192,6 +3194,48 @@ class C:
         with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, 'unhashable type'):
             hash(C({}))
 
+    def test_frozen_deepcopy_without_slots(self):
+        # see: https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/89683
+        @dataclass(frozen=True, slots=False)
+        class C:
+            s: str
+
+        c = C('hello')
+        self.assertEqual(deepcopy(c), c)
+
+    def test_frozen_deepcopy_with_slots(self):
+        # see: https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/89683
+        with self.subTest('generated __slots__'):
+            @dataclass(frozen=True, slots=True)
+            class C:
+                s: str
+
+            c = C('hello')
+            self.assertEqual(deepcopy(c), c)
+
+        with self.subTest('user-defined __slots__ and no __{get,set}state__'):
+            @dataclass(frozen=True, slots=False)
+            class C:
+                __slots__ = ('s',)
+                s: str
+
+            # with user-defined slots, __getstate__ and __setstate__ are not
+            # automatically added, hence the error
+            err = r"^cannot\ assign\ to\ field\ 's'$"
+            self.assertRaisesRegex(FrozenInstanceError, err, deepcopy, C(''))
+
+        with self.subTest('user-defined __slots__ and __{get,set}state__'):
+            @dataclass(frozen=True, slots=False)
+            class C:
+                __slots__ = ('s',)
+                __getstate__ = dataclasses._dataclass_getstate
+                __setstate__ = dataclasses._dataclass_setstate
+
+                s: str
+
+            c = C('hello')
+            self.assertEqual(deepcopy(c), c)
+
 
 class TestSlots(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_simple(self):
@@ -3278,7 +3322,7 @@ class Base(Root4):
             j: str
             h: str
 
-        self.assertEqual(Base.__slots__, ('y', ))
+        self.assertEqual(Base.__slots__, ('y',))
 
         @dataclass(slots=True)
         class Derived(Base):
@@ -3288,7 +3332,7 @@ class Derived(Base):
             k: str
             h: str
 
-        self.assertEqual(Derived.__slots__, ('z', ))
+        self.assertEqual(Derived.__slots__, ('z',))
 
         @dataclass
         class AnotherDerived(Base):
@@ -3296,6 +3340,24 @@ class AnotherDerived(Base):
 
         self.assertNotIn('__slots__', AnotherDerived.__dict__)
 
+    def test_slots_with_docs(self):
+        class Root:
+            __slots__ = {'x': 'x'}
+
+        @dataclass(slots=True)
+        class Base(Root):
+            y1: int = field(doc='y1')
+            y2: int
+
+        self.assertEqual(Base.__slots__, {'y1': 'y1', 'y2': None})
+
+        @dataclass(slots=True)
+        class Child(Base):
+            z1: int = field(doc='z1')
+            z2: int
+
+        self.assertEqual(Child.__slots__, {'z1': 'z1', 'z2': None})
+
     def test_cant_inherit_from_iterator_slots(self):
 
         class Root:
@@ -3681,6 +3743,57 @@ class A(WithDictSlot): ...
         self.assertEqual(A().__dict__, {})
         A()
 
+    @support.cpython_only
+    def test_dataclass_slot_dict_ctype(self):
+        # https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/123935
+        from test.support import import_helper
+        # Skips test if `_testcapi` is not present:
+        _testcapi = import_helper.import_module('_testcapi')
+
+        @dataclass(slots=True)
+        class HasDictOffset(_testcapi.HeapCTypeWithDict):
+            __dict__: dict = {}
+        self.assertNotEqual(_testcapi.HeapCTypeWithDict.__dictoffset__, 0)
+        self.assertEqual(HasDictOffset.__slots__, ())
+
+        @dataclass(slots=True)
+        class DoesNotHaveDictOffset(_testcapi.HeapCTypeWithWeakref):
+            __dict__: dict = {}
+        self.assertEqual(_testcapi.HeapCTypeWithWeakref.__dictoffset__, 0)
+        self.assertEqual(DoesNotHaveDictOffset.__slots__, ('__dict__',))
+
+    @support.cpython_only
+    def test_slots_with_wrong_init_subclass(self):
+        # TODO: This test is for a kinda-buggy behavior.
+        # Ideally, it should be fixed and `__init_subclass__`
+        # should be fully supported in the future versions.
+        # See https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/91126
+        class WrongSuper:
+            def __init_subclass__(cls, arg):
+                pass
+
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(
+            TypeError,
+            "missing 1 required positional argument: 'arg'",
+        ):
+            @dataclass(slots=True)
+            class WithWrongSuper(WrongSuper, arg=1):
+                pass
+
+        class CorrectSuper:
+            args = []
+            def __init_subclass__(cls, arg="default"):
+                cls.args.append(arg)
+
+        @dataclass(slots=True)
+        class WithCorrectSuper(CorrectSuper):
+            pass
+
+        # __init_subclass__ is called twice: once for `WithCorrectSuper`
+        # and once for `WithCorrectSuper__slots__` new class
+        # that we create internally.
+        self.assertEqual(CorrectSuper.args, ["default", "default"])
+
 
 class TestDescriptors(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_set_name(self):
@@ -4221,6 +4334,23 @@ def test_funny_class_names_names(self):
                 C = make_dataclass(classname, ['a', 'b'])
                 self.assertEqual(C.__name__, classname)
 
+    def test_dataclass_decorator_default(self):
+        C = make_dataclass('C', [('x', int)], decorator=dataclass)
+        c = C(10)
+        self.assertEqual(c.x, 10)
+
+    def test_dataclass_custom_decorator(self):
+        def custom_dataclass(cls, *args, **kwargs):
+            dc = dataclass(cls, *args, **kwargs)
+            dc.__custom__ = True
+            return dc
+
+        C = make_dataclass('C', [('x', int)], decorator=custom_dataclass)
+        c = C(10)
+        self.assertEqual(c.x, 10)
+        self.assertEqual(c.__custom__, True)
+
+
 class TestReplace(unittest.TestCase):
     def test(self):
         @dataclass(frozen=True)
@@ -4824,6 +4954,140 @@ def test_make_dataclass(self):
         self.assertTrue(fields(B)[0].kw_only)
         self.assertFalse(fields(B)[1].kw_only)
 
+    def test_deferred_annotations(self):
+        @dataclass
+        class A:
+            x: undefined
+            y: ClassVar[undefined]
+
+        fs = fields(A)
+        self.assertEqual(len(fs), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(fs[0].name, 'x')
+
+
+class TestZeroArgumentSuperWithSlots(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_zero_argument_super(self):
+        @dataclass(slots=True)
+        class A:
+            def foo(self):
+                super()
+
+        A().foo()
+
+    def test_dunder_class_with_old_property(self):
+        @dataclass(slots=True)
+        class A:
+            def _get_foo(slf):
+                self.assertIs(__class__, type(slf))
+                self.assertIs(__class__, slf.__class__)
+                return __class__
+
+            def _set_foo(slf, value):
+                self.assertIs(__class__, type(slf))
+                self.assertIs(__class__, slf.__class__)
+
+            def _del_foo(slf):
+                self.assertIs(__class__, type(slf))
+                self.assertIs(__class__, slf.__class__)
+
+            foo = property(_get_foo, _set_foo, _del_foo)
+
+        a = A()
+        self.assertIs(a.foo, A)
+        a.foo = 4
+        del a.foo
+
+    def test_dunder_class_with_new_property(self):
+        @dataclass(slots=True)
+        class A:
+            @property
+            def foo(slf):
+                return slf.__class__
+
+            @foo.setter
+            def foo(slf, value):
+                self.assertIs(__class__, type(slf))
+
+            @foo.deleter
+            def foo(slf):
+                self.assertIs(__class__, type(slf))
+
+        a = A()
+        self.assertIs(a.foo, A)
+        a.foo = 4
+        del a.foo
+
+    # Test the parts of a property individually.
+    def test_slots_dunder_class_property_getter(self):
+        @dataclass(slots=True)
+        class A:
+            @property
+            def foo(slf):
+                return __class__
+
+        a = A()
+        self.assertIs(a.foo, A)
+
+    def test_slots_dunder_class_property_setter(self):
+        @dataclass(slots=True)
+        class A:
+            foo = property()
+            @foo.setter
+            def foo(slf, val):
+                self.assertIs(__class__, type(slf))
+
+        a = A()
+        a.foo = 4
+
+    def test_slots_dunder_class_property_deleter(self):
+        @dataclass(slots=True)
+        class A:
+            foo = property()
+            @foo.deleter
+            def foo(slf):
+                self.assertIs(__class__, type(slf))
+
+        a = A()
+        del a.foo
+
+    def test_wrapped(self):
+        def mydecorator(f):
+            @wraps(f)
+            def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
+                return f(*args, **kwargs)
+            return wrapper
+
+        @dataclass(slots=True)
+        class A:
+            @mydecorator
+            def foo(self):
+                super()
+
+        A().foo()
+
+    def test_remembered_class(self):
+        # Apply the dataclass decorator manually (not when the class
+        # is created), so that we can keep a reference to the
+        # undecorated class.
+        class A:
+            def cls(self):
+                return __class__
+
+        self.assertIs(A().cls(), A)
+
+        B = dataclass(slots=True)(A)
+        self.assertIs(B().cls(), B)
+
+        # This is undesirable behavior, but is a function of how
+        # modifying __class__ in the closure works.  I'm not sure this
+        # should be tested or not: I don't really want to guarantee
+        # this behavior, but I don't want to lose the point that this
+        # is how it works.
+
+        # The underlying class is "broken" by changing its __class__
+        # in A.foo() to B.  This normally isn't a problem, because no
+        # one will be keeping a reference to the underlying class A.
+        self.assertIs(A().cls(), B)
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_datetime.py b/Lib/test/test_datetime.py
index 3859733a4fe65b..005187f13e665f 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_datetime.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_datetime.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import unittest
 import sys
+import functools
 
 from test.support.import_helper import import_fresh_module
 
@@ -39,21 +40,26 @@ def load_tests(loader, tests, pattern):
         for cls in test_classes:
             cls.__name__ += suffix
             cls.__qualname__ += suffix
-            @classmethod
-            def setUpClass(cls_, module=module):
-                cls_._save_sys_modules = sys.modules.copy()
-                sys.modules[TESTS] = module
-                sys.modules['datetime'] = module.datetime_module
-                if hasattr(module, '_pydatetime'):
-                    sys.modules['_pydatetime'] = module._pydatetime
-                sys.modules['_strptime'] = module._strptime
-            @classmethod
-            def tearDownClass(cls_):
-                sys.modules.clear()
-                sys.modules.update(cls_._save_sys_modules)
-            cls.setUpClass = setUpClass
-            cls.tearDownClass = tearDownClass
-            tests.addTests(loader.loadTestsFromTestCase(cls))
+
+            @functools.wraps(cls, updated=())
+            class Wrapper(cls):
+                @classmethod
+                def setUpClass(cls_, module=module):
+                    cls_._save_sys_modules = sys.modules.copy()
+                    sys.modules[TESTS] = module
+                    sys.modules['datetime'] = module.datetime_module
+                    if hasattr(module, '_pydatetime'):
+                        sys.modules['_pydatetime'] = module._pydatetime
+                    sys.modules['_strptime'] = module._strptime
+                    super().setUpClass()
+
+                @classmethod
+                def tearDownClass(cls_):
+                    super().tearDownClass()
+                    sys.modules.clear()
+                    sys.modules.update(cls_._save_sys_modules)
+
+            tests.addTests(loader.loadTestsFromTestCase(Wrapper))
     return tests
 
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_dbm_sqlite3.py b/Lib/test/test_dbm_sqlite3.py
index 7a49fd2f924f8d..2e1f2d32924bad 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_dbm_sqlite3.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_dbm_sqlite3.py
@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
 import sys
-import test.support
 import unittest
 from contextlib import closing
 from functools import partial
 from pathlib import Path
-from test.support import cpython_only, import_helper, os_helper
+from test.support import import_helper, os_helper
 
 dbm_sqlite3 = import_helper.import_module("dbm.sqlite3")
 # N.B. The test will fail on some platforms without sqlite3
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_decimal.py b/Lib/test/test_decimal.py
index 46755107de0102..bc6c6427740949 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_decimal.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_decimal.py
@@ -812,6 +812,29 @@ def test_explicit_context_create_from_float(self):
             x = random.expovariate(0.01) * (random.random() * 2.0 - 1.0)
             self.assertEqual(x, float(nc.create_decimal(x))) # roundtrip
 
+    def test_from_number(self, cls=None):
+        Decimal = self.decimal.Decimal
+        if cls is None:
+            cls = Decimal
+
+        def check(arg, expected):
+            d = cls.from_number(arg)
+            self.assertIs(type(d), cls)
+            self.assertEqual(d, expected)
+
+        check(314, Decimal(314))
+        check(3.14, Decimal.from_float(3.14))
+        check(Decimal('3.14'), Decimal('3.14'))
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cls.from_number, 3+4j)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cls.from_number, '314')
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cls.from_number, (0, (3, 1, 4), 0))
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cls.from_number, object())
+
+    def test_from_number_subclass(self, cls=None):
+        class DecimalSubclass(self.decimal.Decimal):
+            pass
+        self.test_from_number(DecimalSubclass)
+
     def test_unicode_digits(self):
         Decimal = self.decimal.Decimal
 
@@ -1253,7 +1276,7 @@ def test_deprecated_N_format(self):
             self.assertRaises(ValueError, format, h, '10Nf')
             self.assertRaises(ValueError, format, h, 'Nx')
 
-    @run_with_locale('LC_ALL', 'ps_AF')
+    @run_with_locale('LC_ALL', 'ps_AF', '')
     def test_wide_char_separator_decimal_point(self):
         # locale with wide char separator and decimal point
         Decimal = self.decimal.Decimal
@@ -2071,7 +2094,9 @@ def test_tonum_methods(self):
         #to quantize, which is already extensively tested
         test_triples = [
             ('123.456', -4, '0E+4'),
+            ('-123.456', -4, '-0E+4'),
             ('123.456', -3, '0E+3'),
+            ('-123.456', -3, '-0E+3'),
             ('123.456', -2, '1E+2'),
             ('123.456', -1, '1.2E+2'),
             ('123.456', 0, '123'),
@@ -4379,7 +4404,8 @@ def test_module_attributes(self):
 
         self.assertEqual(C.__version__, P.__version__)
 
-        self.assertEqual(dir(C), dir(P))
+        self.assertLessEqual(set(dir(C)), set(dir(P)))
+        self.assertEqual([n for n in dir(C) if n[:2] != '__'], sorted(P.__all__))
 
     def test_context_attributes(self):
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_decorators.py b/Lib/test/test_decorators.py
index 3a4fc959f6f8a7..78361be9fa1e61 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_decorators.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_decorators.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import unittest
-from types import MethodType
+
 
 def funcattrs(**kwds):
     def decorate(func):
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_descr.py b/Lib/test/test_descr.py
index 7742f075285602..c8e3a4be26b506 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_descr.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_descr.py
@@ -1314,7 +1314,7 @@ class X(object):
         # Inherit from object on purpose to check some backwards compatibility paths
         class X(object):
             __slots__ = "a"
-        with self.assertRaisesRegex(AttributeError, "'X' object has no attribute 'a'"):
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(AttributeError, "'test.test_descr.ClassPropertiesAndMethods.test_slots.<locals>.X' object has no attribute 'a'"):
             X().a
 
         # Test string subclass in `__slots__`, see gh-98783
@@ -1618,6 +1618,9 @@ def annotated(cls) -> int: pass
 
             for method in (annotated, unannotated):
                 with self.subTest(deco=deco, method=method):
+                    with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
+                        del unannotated.__annotations__
+
                     original_annotations = dict(method.__wrapped__.__annotations__)
                     self.assertNotIn('__annotations__', method.__dict__)
                     self.assertEqual(method.__annotations__, original_annotations)
@@ -1644,6 +1647,17 @@ def annotated(cls) -> int: pass
                     del method.__annotate__
                     self.assertIs(method.__annotate__, original_annotate)
 
+    def test_staticmethod_annotations_without_dict_access(self):
+        # gh-125017: this used to crash
+        class Spam:
+            def __new__(cls, x, y):
+                pass
+
+        self.assertEqual(Spam.__new__.__annotations__, {})
+        obj = Spam.__dict__['__new__']
+        self.assertIsInstance(obj, staticmethod)
+        self.assertEqual(obj.__annotations__, {})
+
     @support.refcount_test
     def test_refleaks_in_classmethod___init__(self):
         gettotalrefcount = support.get_attribute(sys, 'gettotalrefcount')
@@ -4021,6 +4035,20 @@ def test_ipow_exception_text(self):
             y = x ** 2
         self.assertIn('unsupported operand type(s) for **', str(cm.exception))
 
+    def test_pow_wrapper_error_messages(self):
+        self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError,
+                               'expected 1 or 2 arguments, got 0',
+                               int().__pow__)
+        self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError,
+                               'expected 1 or 2 arguments, got 3',
+                               int().__pow__, 1, 2, 3)
+        self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError,
+                               'expected 1 or 2 arguments, got 0',
+                               int().__rpow__)
+        self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError,
+                               'expected 1 or 2 arguments, got 3',
+                               int().__rpow__, 1, 2, 3)
+
     def test_mutable_bases(self):
         # Testing mutable bases...
 
@@ -5048,7 +5076,6 @@ def __new__(cls):
                 cls.lst = [2**i for i in range(10000)]
         X.descr
 
-    @support.suppress_immortalization()
     def test_remove_subclass(self):
         # bpo-46417: when the last subclass of a type is deleted,
         # remove_subclass() clears the internal dictionary of subclasses:
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_descrtut.py b/Lib/test/test_descrtut.py
index f097c4e7300baa..828440a993a975 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_descrtut.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_descrtut.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 # of much interest anymore), and a few were fiddled to make the output
 # deterministic.
 
-from test.support import sortdict
+from test.support import sortdict  # noqa: F401
 import doctest
 import unittest
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_dict.py b/Lib/test/test_dict.py
index e5dba7cdc570a8..4030716efb51f9 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_dict.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_dict.py
@@ -1476,6 +1476,24 @@ def test_dict_items_result_gc_reversed(self):
         gc.collect()
         self.assertTrue(gc.is_tracked(next(it)))
 
+    def test_store_evilattr(self):
+        class EvilAttr:
+            def __init__(self, d):
+                self.d = d
+
+            def __del__(self):
+                if 'attr' in self.d:
+                    del self.d['attr']
+                gc.collect()
+
+        class Obj:
+            pass
+
+        obj = Obj()
+        obj.__dict__ = {}
+        for _ in range(10):
+            obj.attr = EvilAttr(obj.__dict__)
+
     def test_str_nonstr(self):
         # cpython uses a different lookup function if the dict only contains
         # `str` keys. Make sure the unoptimized path is used when a non-`str`
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_dict_version.py b/Lib/test/test_dict_version.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 243084c75c42bc..00000000000000
--- a/Lib/test/test_dict_version.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,191 +0,0 @@
-"""
-Test implementation of the PEP 509: dictionary versioning.
-"""
-import unittest
-from test.support import import_helper
-
-# PEP 509 is implemented in CPython but other Python implementations
-# don't require to implement it
-_testcapi = import_helper.import_module('_testcapi')
-
-
-class DictVersionTests(unittest.TestCase):
-    type2test = dict
-
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.seen_versions = set()
-        self.dict = None
-
-    def check_version_unique(self, mydict):
-        version = _testcapi.dict_get_version(mydict)
-        self.assertNotIn(version, self.seen_versions)
-        self.seen_versions.add(version)
-
-    def check_version_changed(self, mydict, method, *args, **kw):
-        result = method(*args, **kw)
-        self.check_version_unique(mydict)
-        return result
-
-    def check_version_dont_change(self, mydict, method, *args, **kw):
-        version1 = _testcapi.dict_get_version(mydict)
-        self.seen_versions.add(version1)
-
-        result = method(*args, **kw)
-
-        version2 = _testcapi.dict_get_version(mydict)
-        self.assertEqual(version2, version1, "version changed")
-
-        return  result
-
-    def new_dict(self, *args, **kw):
-        d = self.type2test(*args, **kw)
-        self.check_version_unique(d)
-        return d
-
-    def test_constructor(self):
-        # new empty dictionaries must all have an unique version
-        empty1 = self.new_dict()
-        empty2 = self.new_dict()
-        empty3 = self.new_dict()
-
-        # non-empty dictionaries must also have an unique version
-        nonempty1 = self.new_dict(x='x')
-        nonempty2 = self.new_dict(x='x', y='y')
-
-    def test_copy(self):
-        d = self.new_dict(a=1, b=2)
-
-        d2 = self.check_version_dont_change(d, d.copy)
-
-        # dict.copy() must create a dictionary with a new unique version
-        self.check_version_unique(d2)
-
-    def test_setitem(self):
-        d = self.new_dict()
-
-        # creating new keys must change the version
-        self.check_version_changed(d, d.__setitem__, 'x', 'x')
-        self.check_version_changed(d, d.__setitem__, 'y', 'y')
-
-        # changing values must change the version
-        self.check_version_changed(d, d.__setitem__, 'x', 1)
-        self.check_version_changed(d, d.__setitem__, 'y', 2)
-
-    def test_setitem_same_value(self):
-        value = object()
-        d = self.new_dict()
-
-        # setting a key must change the version
-        self.check_version_changed(d, d.__setitem__, 'key', value)
-
-        # setting a key to the same value with dict.__setitem__
-        # must change the version
-        self.check_version_dont_change(d, d.__setitem__, 'key', value)
-
-        # setting a key to the same value with dict.update
-        # must change the version
-        self.check_version_dont_change(d, d.update, key=value)
-
-        d2 = self.new_dict(key=value)
-        self.check_version_dont_change(d, d.update, d2)
-
-    def test_setitem_equal(self):
-        class AlwaysEqual:
-            def __eq__(self, other):
-                return True
-
-        value1 = AlwaysEqual()
-        value2 = AlwaysEqual()
-        self.assertTrue(value1 == value2)
-        self.assertFalse(value1 != value2)
-        self.assertIsNot(value1, value2)
-
-        d = self.new_dict()
-        self.check_version_changed(d, d.__setitem__, 'key', value1)
-        self.assertIs(d['key'], value1)
-
-        # setting a key to a value equal to the current value
-        # with dict.__setitem__() must change the version
-        self.check_version_changed(d, d.__setitem__, 'key', value2)
-        self.assertIs(d['key'], value2)
-
-        # setting a key to a value equal to the current value
-        # with dict.update() must change the version
-        self.check_version_changed(d, d.update, key=value1)
-        self.assertIs(d['key'], value1)
-
-        d2 = self.new_dict(key=value2)
-        self.check_version_changed(d, d.update, d2)
-        self.assertIs(d['key'], value2)
-
-    def test_setdefault(self):
-        d = self.new_dict()
-
-        # setting a key with dict.setdefault() must change the version
-        self.check_version_changed(d, d.setdefault, 'key', 'value1')
-
-        # don't change the version if the key already exists
-        self.check_version_dont_change(d, d.setdefault, 'key', 'value2')
-
-    def test_delitem(self):
-        d = self.new_dict(key='value')
-
-        # deleting a key with dict.__delitem__() must change the version
-        self.check_version_changed(d, d.__delitem__, 'key')
-
-        # don't change the version if the key doesn't exist
-        self.check_version_dont_change(d, self.assertRaises, KeyError,
-                                       d.__delitem__, 'key')
-
-    def test_pop(self):
-        d = self.new_dict(key='value')
-
-        # pop() must change the version if the key exists
-        self.check_version_changed(d, d.pop, 'key')
-
-        # pop() must not change the version if the key does not exist
-        self.check_version_dont_change(d, self.assertRaises, KeyError,
-                                       d.pop, 'key')
-
-    def test_popitem(self):
-        d = self.new_dict(key='value')
-
-        # popitem() must change the version if the dict is not empty
-        self.check_version_changed(d, d.popitem)
-
-        # popitem() must not change the version if the dict is empty
-        self.check_version_dont_change(d, self.assertRaises, KeyError,
-                                       d.popitem)
-
-    def test_update(self):
-        d = self.new_dict(key='value')
-
-        # update() calling with no argument must not change the version
-        self.check_version_dont_change(d, d.update)
-
-        # update() must change the version
-        self.check_version_changed(d, d.update, key='new value')
-
-        d2 = self.new_dict(key='value 3')
-        self.check_version_changed(d, d.update, d2)
-
-    def test_clear(self):
-        d = self.new_dict(key='value')
-
-        # clear() must change the version if the dict is not empty
-        self.check_version_changed(d, d.clear)
-
-        # clear() must not change the version if the dict is empty
-        self.check_version_dont_change(d, d.clear)
-
-
-class Dict(dict):
-    pass
-
-
-class DictSubtypeVersionTests(DictVersionTests):
-    type2test = Dict
-
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_dictcomps.py b/Lib/test/test_dictcomps.py
index 472e3dfa0d8a0a..26b56dac5032fa 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_dictcomps.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_dictcomps.py
@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
+import traceback
 import unittest
 
+from test.support import BrokenIter
+
 # For scope testing.
 g = "Global variable"
 
@@ -127,6 +130,41 @@ def test_star_expression(self):
         self.assertEqual({i: i*i for i in [*range(4)]}, expected)
         self.assertEqual({i: i*i for i in (*range(4),)}, expected)
 
+    def test_exception_locations(self):
+        # The location of an exception raised from __init__ or
+        # __next__ should should be the iterator expression
+        def init_raises():
+            try:
+                {x:x for x in BrokenIter(init_raises=True)}
+            except Exception as e:
+                return e
+
+        def next_raises():
+            try:
+                {x:x for x in BrokenIter(next_raises=True)}
+            except Exception as e:
+                return e
+
+        def iter_raises():
+            try:
+                {x:x for x in BrokenIter(iter_raises=True)}
+            except Exception as e:
+                return e
+
+        for func, expected in [(init_raises, "BrokenIter(init_raises=True)"),
+                               (next_raises, "BrokenIter(next_raises=True)"),
+                               (iter_raises, "BrokenIter(iter_raises=True)"),
+                              ]:
+            with self.subTest(func):
+                exc = func()
+                f = traceback.extract_tb(exc.__traceback__)[0]
+                indent = 16
+                co = func.__code__
+                self.assertEqual(f.lineno, co.co_firstlineno + 2)
+                self.assertEqual(f.end_lineno, co.co_firstlineno + 2)
+                self.assertEqual(f.line[f.colno - indent : f.end_colno - indent],
+                                 expected)
+
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_difflib.py b/Lib/test/test_difflib.py
index bf6e5b1152b4a2..9e217249be7332 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_difflib.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_difflib.py
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ def test_close_matches_aligned(self):
 
 class TestOutputFormat(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_tab_delimiter(self):
-        args = ['one', 'two', 'Original', 'Current',
+        args = [['one'], ['two'], 'Original', 'Current',
             '2005-01-26 23:30:50', '2010-04-02 10:20:52']
         ud = difflib.unified_diff(*args, lineterm='')
         self.assertEqual(list(ud)[0:2], [
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ def test_tab_delimiter(self):
                            "--- Current\t2010-04-02 10:20:52"])
 
     def test_no_trailing_tab_on_empty_filedate(self):
-        args = ['one', 'two', 'Original', 'Current']
+        args = [['one'], ['two'], 'Original', 'Current']
         ud = difflib.unified_diff(*args, lineterm='')
         self.assertEqual(list(ud)[0:2], ["--- Original", "+++ Current"])
 
@@ -447,6 +447,28 @@ def assertDiff(expect, actual):
                                     lineterm=b'')
         assertDiff(expect, actual)
 
+
+class TestInputTypes(unittest.TestCase):
+    def _assert_type_error(self, msg, generator, *args):
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as ctx:
+            list(generator(*args))
+        self.assertEqual(msg, str(ctx.exception))
+
+    def test_input_type_checks(self):
+        unified = difflib.unified_diff
+        context = difflib.context_diff
+
+        expect = "input must be a sequence of strings, not str"
+        self._assert_type_error(expect, unified, 'a', ['b'])
+        self._assert_type_error(expect, context, 'a', ['b'])
+
+        self._assert_type_error(expect, unified, ['a'], 'b')
+        self._assert_type_error(expect, context, ['a'], 'b')
+
+        expect = "lines to compare must be str, not NoneType (None)"
+        self._assert_type_error(expect, unified, ['a'], [None])
+        self._assert_type_error(expect, context, ['a'], [None])
+
     def test_mixed_types_content(self):
         # type of input content must be consistent: all str or all bytes
         a = [b'hello']
@@ -495,10 +517,6 @@ def test_mixed_types_dates(self):
         b = ['bar\n']
         list(difflib.unified_diff(a, b, 'a', 'b', datea, dateb))
 
-    def _assert_type_error(self, msg, generator, *args):
-        with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as ctx:
-            list(generator(*args))
-        self.assertEqual(msg, str(ctx.exception))
 
 class TestJunkAPIs(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_is_line_junk_true(self):
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_dis.py b/Lib/test/test_dis.py
index b1a1b77c53e8cb..1f9c04cdbc926c 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_dis.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_dis.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 # Minimal tests for dis module
 
+import ast
 import contextlib
 import dis
 import functools
@@ -127,6 +128,16 @@ def _f(a):
        _f.__code__.co_firstlineno + 1,
        _f.__code__.co_firstlineno + 2)
 
+dis_f_with_positions_format = f"""\
+%-14s           RESUME                   0
+
+%-14s           LOAD_GLOBAL              1 (print + NULL)
+%-14s           LOAD_FAST                0 (a)
+%-14s           CALL                     1
+%-14s           POP_TOP
+
+%-14s           RETURN_CONST             1 (1)
+"""
 
 dis_f_co_code = """\
           RESUME                   0
@@ -352,32 +363,38 @@ def wrap_func_w_kwargs():
 dis_annot_stmt_str = """\
   0           RESUME                   0
 
-  2           SETUP_ANNOTATIONS
-              LOAD_CONST               0 (1)
+  2           LOAD_CONST               0 (1)
               STORE_NAME               0 (x)
-              LOAD_NAME                1 (int)
-              LOAD_NAME                2 (__annotations__)
-              LOAD_CONST               1 ('x')
-              STORE_SUBSCR
-
-  3           LOAD_NAME                3 (fun)
-              PUSH_NULL
-              LOAD_CONST               0 (1)
-              CALL                     1
-              LOAD_NAME                2 (__annotations__)
-              LOAD_CONST               2 ('y')
-              STORE_SUBSCR
 
   4           LOAD_CONST               0 (1)
-              LOAD_NAME                4 (lst)
-              LOAD_NAME                3 (fun)
+              LOAD_NAME                1 (lst)
+              LOAD_NAME                2 (fun)
               PUSH_NULL
-              LOAD_CONST               3 (0)
+              LOAD_CONST               1 (0)
               CALL                     1
               STORE_SUBSCR
-              LOAD_NAME                1 (int)
-              POP_TOP
-              RETURN_CONST             4 (None)
+
+  2           LOAD_CONST               2 (<code object __annotate__ at 0x..., file "<dis>", line 2>)
+              MAKE_FUNCTION
+              STORE_NAME               3 (__annotate__)
+              RETURN_CONST             3 (None)
+"""
+
+fn_with_annotate_str = """
+def foo(a: int, b: str) -> str:
+    return a * b
+"""
+
+dis_fn_with_annotate_str = """\
+  0           RESUME                   0
+
+  2           LOAD_CONST               0 (<code object __annotate__ at 0x..., file "<dis>", line 2>)
+              MAKE_FUNCTION
+              LOAD_CONST               1 (<code object foo at 0x..., file "<dis>", line 2>)
+              MAKE_FUNCTION
+              SET_FUNCTION_ATTRIBUTE  16 (annotate)
+              STORE_NAME               0 (foo)
+              RETURN_CONST             2 (None)
 """
 
 compound_stmt_str = """\
@@ -392,14 +409,13 @@ def wrap_func_w_kwargs():
   1           LOAD_CONST               0 (0)
               STORE_NAME               0 (x)
 
-  2           NOP
+  2   L1:     NOP
 
-  3   L1:     LOAD_NAME                0 (x)
+  3           LOAD_NAME                0 (x)
               LOAD_CONST               1 (1)
               BINARY_OP               13 (+=)
               STORE_NAME               0 (x)
-
-  2           JUMP_BACKWARD            7 (to L1)
+              JUMP_BACKWARD            8 (to L1)
 """
 
 dis_traceback = """\
@@ -491,7 +507,12 @@ def _with(c):
 %4d           RESUME                   0
 
 %4d           LOAD_FAST                0 (c)
-               BEFORE_WITH
+               COPY                     1
+               LOAD_SPECIAL             1 (__exit__)
+               SWAP                     2
+               SWAP                     3
+               LOAD_SPECIAL             0 (__enter__)
+               CALL                     0
        L1:     POP_TOP
 
 %4d           LOAD_CONST               1 (1)
@@ -500,7 +521,7 @@ def _with(c):
 %4d   L2:     LOAD_CONST               0 (None)
                LOAD_CONST               0 (None)
                LOAD_CONST               0 (None)
-               CALL                     2
+               CALL                     3
                POP_TOP
 
 %4d           LOAD_CONST               2 (2)
@@ -516,6 +537,7 @@ def _with(c):
        L5:     POP_EXCEPT
                POP_TOP
                POP_TOP
+               POP_TOP
 
 %4d           LOAD_CONST               2 (2)
                STORE_FAST               2 (y)
@@ -525,8 +547,8 @@ def _with(c):
                POP_EXCEPT
                RERAISE                  1
 ExceptionTable:
-  L1 to L2 -> L3 [1] lasti
-  L3 to L5 -> L6 [3] lasti
+  L1 to L2 -> L3 [2] lasti
+  L3 to L5 -> L6 [4] lasti
 """ % (_with.__code__.co_firstlineno,
        _with.__code__.co_firstlineno + 1,
        _with.__code__.co_firstlineno + 2,
@@ -547,7 +569,12 @@ async def _asyncwith(c):
         L1:     RESUME                   0
 
 %4d            LOAD_FAST                0 (c)
-                BEFORE_ASYNC_WITH
+                COPY                     1
+                LOAD_SPECIAL             3 (__aexit__)
+                SWAP                     2
+                SWAP                     3
+                LOAD_SPECIAL             2 (__aenter__)
+                CALL                     0
                 GET_AWAITABLE            1
                 LOAD_CONST               0 (None)
         L2:     SEND                     3 (to L5)
@@ -563,7 +590,7 @@ async def _asyncwith(c):
 %4d    L7:     LOAD_CONST               0 (None)
                 LOAD_CONST               0 (None)
                 LOAD_CONST               0 (None)
-                CALL                     2
+                CALL                     3
                 GET_AWAITABLE            2
                 LOAD_CONST               0 (None)
         L8:     SEND                     3 (to L11)
@@ -598,6 +625,7 @@ async def _asyncwith(c):
        L23:     POP_EXCEPT
                 POP_TOP
                 POP_TOP
+                POP_TOP
 
 %4d            LOAD_CONST               2 (2)
                 STORE_FAST               2 (y)
@@ -610,16 +638,16 @@ async def _asyncwith(c):
                 RERAISE                  1
 ExceptionTable:
   L1 to L3 -> L25 [0] lasti
-  L3 to L4 -> L12 [3]
+  L3 to L4 -> L12 [4]
   L4 to L6 -> L25 [0] lasti
-  L6 to L7 -> L16 [1] lasti
+  L6 to L7 -> L16 [2] lasti
   L7 to L9 -> L25 [0] lasti
   L9 to L10 -> L14 [2]
   L10 to L13 -> L25 [0] lasti
   L14 to L15 -> L25 [0] lasti
-  L16 to L18 -> L24 [3] lasti
-  L18 to L19 -> L20 [6]
-  L19 to L23 -> L24 [3] lasti
+  L16 to L18 -> L24 [4] lasti
+  L18 to L19 -> L20 [7]
+  L19 to L23 -> L24 [4] lasti
   L23 to L25 -> L25 [0] lasti
 """ % (_asyncwith.__code__.co_firstlineno,
        _asyncwith.__code__.co_firstlineno + 1,
@@ -782,6 +810,7 @@ def foo(x):
                POP_TOP
        L1:     RESUME                   0
                LOAD_FAST                0 (.0)
+               GET_ITER
        L2:     FOR_ITER                10 (to L3)
                STORE_FAST               1 (z)
                LOAD_DEREF               2 (x)
@@ -950,6 +979,79 @@ def test_dis(self):
     def test_dis_with_offsets(self):
         self.do_disassembly_test(_f, dis_f_with_offsets, show_offsets=True)
 
+    @requires_debug_ranges()
+    def test_dis_with_all_positions(self):
+        def format_instr_positions(instr):
+            values = tuple('?' if p is None else p for p in instr.positions)
+            return '%s:%s-%s:%s' % (values[0], values[2], values[1], values[3])
+
+        instrs = list(dis.get_instructions(_f))
+        for instr in instrs:
+            with self.subTest(instr=instr):
+                self.assertTrue(all(p is not None for p in instr.positions))
+        positions = tuple(map(format_instr_positions, instrs))
+        expected = dis_f_with_positions_format % positions
+        self.do_disassembly_test(_f, expected, show_positions=True)
+
+    @requires_debug_ranges()
+    def test_dis_with_some_positions(self):
+        code = ("def f():\n"
+                "   try: pass\n"
+                "   finally:pass")
+        f = compile(ast.parse(code), "?", "exec").co_consts[0]
+
+        expect = '\n'.join([
+            '1:0-1:0              RESUME                   0',
+            '',
+            '2:3-3:15             NOP',
+            '',
+            '3:11-3:15            RETURN_CONST             0 (None)',
+            '',
+            '  --         L1:     PUSH_EXC_INFO',
+            '',
+            '3:11-3:15            RERAISE                  0',
+            '',
+            '  --         L2:     COPY                     3',
+            '  --                 POP_EXCEPT',
+            '  --                 RERAISE                  1',
+            'ExceptionTable:',
+            '  L1 to L2 -> L2 [1] lasti',
+            '',
+        ])
+        self.do_disassembly_test(f, expect, show_positions=True)
+
+    @requires_debug_ranges()
+    def test_dis_with_linenos_but_no_columns(self):
+        code = "def f():\n\tx = 1"
+        tree = ast.parse(code)
+        func = tree.body[0]
+        ass_x = func.body[0].targets[0]
+        # remove columns information but keep line information
+        ass_x.col_offset = ass_x.end_col_offset = -1
+        f = compile(tree, "?", "exec").co_consts[0]
+
+        expect = '\n'.join([
+            '1:0-1:0            RESUME                   0',
+            '',
+            '2:5-2:6            LOAD_CONST               1 (1)',
+            '2:?-2:?            STORE_FAST               0 (x)',
+            '2:?-2:?            RETURN_CONST             0 (None)',
+            '',
+        ])
+        self.do_disassembly_test(f, expect, show_positions=True)
+
+    def test_dis_with_no_positions(self):
+        def f():
+            pass
+
+        f.__code__ = f.__code__.replace(co_linetable=b'')
+        expect = '\n'.join([
+            '          RESUME                   0',
+            '          RETURN_CONST             0 (None)',
+            '',
+        ])
+        self.do_disassembly_test(f, expect, show_positions=True)
+
     def test_bug_708901(self):
         self.do_disassembly_test(bug708901, dis_bug708901)
 
@@ -1014,6 +1116,7 @@ def test_disassemble_str(self):
         self.do_disassembly_test(expr_str, dis_expr_str)
         self.do_disassembly_test(simple_stmt_str, dis_simple_stmt_str)
         self.do_disassembly_test(annot_stmt_str, dis_annot_stmt_str)
+        self.do_disassembly_test(fn_with_annotate_str, dis_fn_with_annotate_str)
         self.do_disassembly_test(compound_stmt_str, dis_compound_stmt_str)
 
     def test_disassemble_bytes(self):
@@ -1604,198 +1707,201 @@ def _prepare_test_cases():
 Instruction = dis.Instruction
 
 expected_opinfo_outer = [
-  Instruction(opname='MAKE_CELL', opcode=94, arg=0, argval='a', argrepr='a', offset=0, start_offset=0, starts_line=True, line_number=None, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='MAKE_CELL', opcode=94, arg=1, argval='b', argrepr='b', offset=2, start_offset=2, starts_line=False, line_number=None, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='MAKE_CELL', opcode=91, arg=0, argval='a', argrepr='a', offset=0, start_offset=0, starts_line=True, line_number=None, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='MAKE_CELL', opcode=91, arg=1, argval='b', argrepr='b', offset=2, start_offset=2, starts_line=False, line_number=None, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
   Instruction(opname='RESUME', opcode=149, arg=0, argval=0, argrepr='', offset=4, start_offset=4, starts_line=True, line_number=1, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=83, arg=5, argval=(3, 4), argrepr='(3, 4)', offset=6, start_offset=6, starts_line=True, line_number=2, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='LOAD_FAST', opcode=85, arg=0, argval='a', argrepr='a', offset=8, start_offset=8, starts_line=False, line_number=2, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='LOAD_FAST', opcode=85, arg=1, argval='b', argrepr='b', offset=10, start_offset=10, starts_line=False, line_number=2, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='BUILD_TUPLE', opcode=51, arg=2, argval=2, argrepr='', offset=12, start_offset=12, starts_line=False, line_number=2, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=83, arg=1, argval=code_object_f, argrepr=repr(code_object_f), offset=14, start_offset=14, starts_line=False, line_number=2, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='MAKE_FUNCTION', opcode=25, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=16, start_offset=16, starts_line=False, line_number=2, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='SET_FUNCTION_ATTRIBUTE', opcode=106, arg=8, argval=8, argrepr='closure', offset=18, start_offset=18, starts_line=False, line_number=2, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='SET_FUNCTION_ATTRIBUTE', opcode=106, arg=1, argval=1, argrepr='defaults', offset=20, start_offset=20, starts_line=False, line_number=2, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='STORE_FAST', opcode=110, arg=2, argval='f', argrepr='f', offset=22, start_offset=22, starts_line=False, line_number=2, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='LOAD_GLOBAL', opcode=91, arg=1, argval='print', argrepr='print + NULL', offset=24, start_offset=24, starts_line=True, line_number=7, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('index', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('module_keys_version', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('builtin_keys_version', 1, b'\x00\x00')]),
-  Instruction(opname='LOAD_DEREF', opcode=84, arg=0, argval='a', argrepr='a', offset=34, start_offset=34, starts_line=False, line_number=7, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='LOAD_DEREF', opcode=84, arg=1, argval='b', argrepr='b', offset=36, start_offset=36, starts_line=False, line_number=7, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=83, arg=2, argval='', argrepr="''", offset=38, start_offset=38, starts_line=False, line_number=7, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=83, arg=3, argval=1, argrepr='1', offset=40, start_offset=40, starts_line=False, line_number=7, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='BUILD_LIST', opcode=46, arg=0, argval=0, argrepr='', offset=42, start_offset=42, starts_line=False, line_number=7, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='BUILD_MAP', opcode=47, arg=0, argval=0, argrepr='', offset=44, start_offset=44, starts_line=False, line_number=7, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=83, arg=4, argval='Hello world!', argrepr="'Hello world!'", offset=46, start_offset=46, starts_line=False, line_number=7, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='CALL', opcode=52, arg=7, argval=7, argrepr='', offset=48, start_offset=48, starts_line=False, line_number=7, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('func_version', 2, b'\x00\x00\x00\x00')]),
-  Instruction(opname='POP_TOP', opcode=31, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=56, start_offset=56, starts_line=False, line_number=7, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='LOAD_FAST', opcode=85, arg=2, argval='f', argrepr='f', offset=58, start_offset=58, starts_line=True, line_number=8, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='RETURN_VALUE', opcode=35, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=60, start_offset=60, starts_line=False, line_number=8, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=79, arg=5, argval=(3, 4), argrepr='(3, 4)', offset=6, start_offset=6, starts_line=True, line_number=2, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_FAST', opcode=81, arg=0, argval='a', argrepr='a', offset=8, start_offset=8, starts_line=False, line_number=2, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_FAST', opcode=81, arg=1, argval='b', argrepr='b', offset=10, start_offset=10, starts_line=False, line_number=2, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='BUILD_TUPLE', opcode=48, arg=2, argval=2, argrepr='', offset=12, start_offset=12, starts_line=False, line_number=2, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=79, arg=1, argval=code_object_f, argrepr=repr(code_object_f), offset=14, start_offset=14, starts_line=False, line_number=2, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='MAKE_FUNCTION', opcode=23, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=16, start_offset=16, starts_line=False, line_number=2, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='SET_FUNCTION_ATTRIBUTE', opcode=103, arg=8, argval=8, argrepr='closure', offset=18, start_offset=18, starts_line=False, line_number=2, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='SET_FUNCTION_ATTRIBUTE', opcode=103, arg=1, argval=1, argrepr='defaults', offset=20, start_offset=20, starts_line=False, line_number=2, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='STORE_FAST', opcode=107, arg=2, argval='f', argrepr='f', offset=22, start_offset=22, starts_line=False, line_number=2, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_GLOBAL', opcode=87, arg=1, argval='print', argrepr='print + NULL', offset=24, start_offset=24, starts_line=True, line_number=7, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('index', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('module_keys_version', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('builtin_keys_version', 1, b'\x00\x00')]),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_DEREF', opcode=80, arg=0, argval='a', argrepr='a', offset=34, start_offset=34, starts_line=False, line_number=7, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_DEREF', opcode=80, arg=1, argval='b', argrepr='b', offset=36, start_offset=36, starts_line=False, line_number=7, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=79, arg=2, argval='', argrepr="''", offset=38, start_offset=38, starts_line=False, line_number=7, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=79, arg=3, argval=1, argrepr='1', offset=40, start_offset=40, starts_line=False, line_number=7, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='BUILD_LIST', opcode=43, arg=0, argval=0, argrepr='', offset=42, start_offset=42, starts_line=False, line_number=7, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='BUILD_MAP', opcode=44, arg=0, argval=0, argrepr='', offset=44, start_offset=44, starts_line=False, line_number=7, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=79, arg=4, argval='Hello world!', argrepr="'Hello world!'", offset=46, start_offset=46, starts_line=False, line_number=7, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='CALL', opcode=49, arg=7, argval=7, argrepr='', offset=48, start_offset=48, starts_line=False, line_number=7, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('func_version', 2, b'\x00\x00\x00\x00')]),
+  Instruction(opname='POP_TOP', opcode=29, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=56, start_offset=56, starts_line=False, line_number=7, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_FAST', opcode=81, arg=2, argval='f', argrepr='f', offset=58, start_offset=58, starts_line=True, line_number=8, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='RETURN_VALUE', opcode=33, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=60, start_offset=60, starts_line=False, line_number=8, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
 ]
 
 expected_opinfo_f = [
-  Instruction(opname='COPY_FREE_VARS', opcode=61, arg=2, argval=2, argrepr='', offset=0, start_offset=0, starts_line=True, line_number=None, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='MAKE_CELL', opcode=94, arg=0, argval='c', argrepr='c', offset=2, start_offset=2, starts_line=False, line_number=None, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='MAKE_CELL', opcode=94, arg=1, argval='d', argrepr='d', offset=4, start_offset=4, starts_line=False, line_number=None, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='COPY_FREE_VARS', opcode=58, arg=2, argval=2, argrepr='', offset=0, start_offset=0, starts_line=True, line_number=None, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='MAKE_CELL', opcode=91, arg=0, argval='c', argrepr='c', offset=2, start_offset=2, starts_line=False, line_number=None, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='MAKE_CELL', opcode=91, arg=1, argval='d', argrepr='d', offset=4, start_offset=4, starts_line=False, line_number=None, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
   Instruction(opname='RESUME', opcode=149, arg=0, argval=0, argrepr='', offset=6, start_offset=6, starts_line=True, line_number=2, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=83, arg=2, argval=(5, 6), argrepr='(5, 6)', offset=8, start_offset=8, starts_line=True, line_number=3, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='LOAD_FAST', opcode=85, arg=3, argval='a', argrepr='a', offset=10, start_offset=10, starts_line=False, line_number=3, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='LOAD_FAST', opcode=85, arg=4, argval='b', argrepr='b', offset=12, start_offset=12, starts_line=False, line_number=3, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='LOAD_FAST', opcode=85, arg=0, argval='c', argrepr='c', offset=14, start_offset=14, starts_line=False, line_number=3, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='LOAD_FAST', opcode=85, arg=1, argval='d', argrepr='d', offset=16, start_offset=16, starts_line=False, line_number=3, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='BUILD_TUPLE', opcode=51, arg=4, argval=4, argrepr='', offset=18, start_offset=18, starts_line=False, line_number=3, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=83, arg=1, argval=code_object_inner, argrepr=repr(code_object_inner), offset=20, start_offset=20, starts_line=False, line_number=3, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='MAKE_FUNCTION', opcode=25, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=22, start_offset=22, starts_line=False, line_number=3, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='SET_FUNCTION_ATTRIBUTE', opcode=106, arg=8, argval=8, argrepr='closure', offset=24, start_offset=24, starts_line=False, line_number=3, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='SET_FUNCTION_ATTRIBUTE', opcode=106, arg=1, argval=1, argrepr='defaults', offset=26, start_offset=26, starts_line=False, line_number=3, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='STORE_FAST', opcode=110, arg=2, argval='inner', argrepr='inner', offset=28, start_offset=28, starts_line=False, line_number=3, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='LOAD_GLOBAL', opcode=91, arg=1, argval='print', argrepr='print + NULL', offset=30, start_offset=30, starts_line=True, line_number=5, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('index', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('module_keys_version', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('builtin_keys_version', 1, b'\x00\x00')]),
-  Instruction(opname='LOAD_DEREF', opcode=84, arg=3, argval='a', argrepr='a', offset=40, start_offset=40, starts_line=False, line_number=5, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='LOAD_DEREF', opcode=84, arg=4, argval='b', argrepr='b', offset=42, start_offset=42, starts_line=False, line_number=5, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='LOAD_DEREF', opcode=84, arg=0, argval='c', argrepr='c', offset=44, start_offset=44, starts_line=False, line_number=5, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='LOAD_DEREF', opcode=84, arg=1, argval='d', argrepr='d', offset=46, start_offset=46, starts_line=False, line_number=5, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='CALL', opcode=52, arg=4, argval=4, argrepr='', offset=48, start_offset=48, starts_line=False, line_number=5, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('func_version', 2, b'\x00\x00\x00\x00')]),
-  Instruction(opname='POP_TOP', opcode=31, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=56, start_offset=56, starts_line=False, line_number=5, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='LOAD_FAST', opcode=85, arg=2, argval='inner', argrepr='inner', offset=58, start_offset=58, starts_line=True, line_number=6, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='RETURN_VALUE', opcode=35, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=60, start_offset=60, starts_line=False, line_number=6, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=79, arg=2, argval=(5, 6), argrepr='(5, 6)', offset=8, start_offset=8, starts_line=True, line_number=3, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_FAST', opcode=81, arg=3, argval='a', argrepr='a', offset=10, start_offset=10, starts_line=False, line_number=3, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_FAST', opcode=81, arg=4, argval='b', argrepr='b', offset=12, start_offset=12, starts_line=False, line_number=3, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_FAST', opcode=81, arg=0, argval='c', argrepr='c', offset=14, start_offset=14, starts_line=False, line_number=3, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_FAST', opcode=81, arg=1, argval='d', argrepr='d', offset=16, start_offset=16, starts_line=False, line_number=3, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='BUILD_TUPLE', opcode=48, arg=4, argval=4, argrepr='', offset=18, start_offset=18, starts_line=False, line_number=3, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=79, arg=1, argval=code_object_inner, argrepr=repr(code_object_inner), offset=20, start_offset=20, starts_line=False, line_number=3, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='MAKE_FUNCTION', opcode=23, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=22, start_offset=22, starts_line=False, line_number=3, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='SET_FUNCTION_ATTRIBUTE', opcode=103, arg=8, argval=8, argrepr='closure', offset=24, start_offset=24, starts_line=False, line_number=3, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='SET_FUNCTION_ATTRIBUTE', opcode=103, arg=1, argval=1, argrepr='defaults', offset=26, start_offset=26, starts_line=False, line_number=3, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='STORE_FAST', opcode=107, arg=2, argval='inner', argrepr='inner', offset=28, start_offset=28, starts_line=False, line_number=3, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_GLOBAL', opcode=87, arg=1, argval='print', argrepr='print + NULL', offset=30, start_offset=30, starts_line=True, line_number=5, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('index', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('module_keys_version', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('builtin_keys_version', 1, b'\x00\x00')]),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_DEREF', opcode=80, arg=3, argval='a', argrepr='a', offset=40, start_offset=40, starts_line=False, line_number=5, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_DEREF', opcode=80, arg=4, argval='b', argrepr='b', offset=42, start_offset=42, starts_line=False, line_number=5, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_DEREF', opcode=80, arg=0, argval='c', argrepr='c', offset=44, start_offset=44, starts_line=False, line_number=5, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_DEREF', opcode=80, arg=1, argval='d', argrepr='d', offset=46, start_offset=46, starts_line=False, line_number=5, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='CALL', opcode=49, arg=4, argval=4, argrepr='', offset=48, start_offset=48, starts_line=False, line_number=5, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('func_version', 2, b'\x00\x00\x00\x00')]),
+  Instruction(opname='POP_TOP', opcode=29, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=56, start_offset=56, starts_line=False, line_number=5, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_FAST', opcode=81, arg=2, argval='inner', argrepr='inner', offset=58, start_offset=58, starts_line=True, line_number=6, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='RETURN_VALUE', opcode=33, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=60, start_offset=60, starts_line=False, line_number=6, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
 ]
 
 expected_opinfo_inner = [
-  Instruction(opname='COPY_FREE_VARS', opcode=61, arg=4, argval=4, argrepr='', offset=0, start_offset=0, starts_line=True, line_number=None, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='COPY_FREE_VARS', opcode=58, arg=4, argval=4, argrepr='', offset=0, start_offset=0, starts_line=True, line_number=None, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
   Instruction(opname='RESUME', opcode=149, arg=0, argval=0, argrepr='', offset=2, start_offset=2, starts_line=True, line_number=3, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='LOAD_GLOBAL', opcode=91, arg=1, argval='print', argrepr='print + NULL', offset=4, start_offset=4, starts_line=True, line_number=4, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('index', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('module_keys_version', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('builtin_keys_version', 1, b'\x00\x00')]),
-  Instruction(opname='LOAD_DEREF', opcode=84, arg=2, argval='a', argrepr='a', offset=14, start_offset=14, starts_line=False, line_number=4, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='LOAD_DEREF', opcode=84, arg=3, argval='b', argrepr='b', offset=16, start_offset=16, starts_line=False, line_number=4, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='LOAD_DEREF', opcode=84, arg=4, argval='c', argrepr='c', offset=18, start_offset=18, starts_line=False, line_number=4, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='LOAD_DEREF', opcode=84, arg=5, argval='d', argrepr='d', offset=20, start_offset=20, starts_line=False, line_number=4, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='LOAD_FAST_LOAD_FAST', opcode=88, arg=1, argval=('e', 'f'), argrepr='e, f', offset=22, start_offset=22, starts_line=False, line_number=4, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='CALL', opcode=52, arg=6, argval=6, argrepr='', offset=24, start_offset=24, starts_line=False, line_number=4, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('func_version', 2, b'\x00\x00\x00\x00')]),
-  Instruction(opname='POP_TOP', opcode=31, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=32, start_offset=32, starts_line=False, line_number=4, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='RETURN_CONST', opcode=103, arg=0, argval=None, argrepr='None', offset=34, start_offset=34, starts_line=False, line_number=4, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_GLOBAL', opcode=87, arg=1, argval='print', argrepr='print + NULL', offset=4, start_offset=4, starts_line=True, line_number=4, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('index', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('module_keys_version', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('builtin_keys_version', 1, b'\x00\x00')]),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_DEREF', opcode=80, arg=2, argval='a', argrepr='a', offset=14, start_offset=14, starts_line=False, line_number=4, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_DEREF', opcode=80, arg=3, argval='b', argrepr='b', offset=16, start_offset=16, starts_line=False, line_number=4, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_DEREF', opcode=80, arg=4, argval='c', argrepr='c', offset=18, start_offset=18, starts_line=False, line_number=4, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_DEREF', opcode=80, arg=5, argval='d', argrepr='d', offset=20, start_offset=20, starts_line=False, line_number=4, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_FAST_LOAD_FAST', opcode=84, arg=1, argval=('e', 'f'), argrepr='e, f', offset=22, start_offset=22, starts_line=False, line_number=4, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='CALL', opcode=49, arg=6, argval=6, argrepr='', offset=24, start_offset=24, starts_line=False, line_number=4, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('func_version', 2, b'\x00\x00\x00\x00')]),
+  Instruction(opname='POP_TOP', opcode=29, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=32, start_offset=32, starts_line=False, line_number=4, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='RETURN_CONST', opcode=100, arg=0, argval=None, argrepr='None', offset=34, start_offset=34, starts_line=False, line_number=4, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
 ]
 
 expected_opinfo_jumpy = [
   Instruction(opname='RESUME', opcode=149, arg=0, argval=0, argrepr='', offset=0, start_offset=0, starts_line=True, line_number=1, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='LOAD_GLOBAL', opcode=91, arg=1, argval='range', argrepr='range + NULL', offset=2, start_offset=2, starts_line=True, line_number=3, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('index', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('module_keys_version', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('builtin_keys_version', 1, b'\x00\x00')]),
-  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=83, arg=1, argval=10, argrepr='10', offset=12, start_offset=12, starts_line=False, line_number=3, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='CALL', opcode=52, arg=1, argval=1, argrepr='', offset=14, start_offset=14, starts_line=False, line_number=3, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('func_version', 2, b'\x00\x00\x00\x00')]),
-  Instruction(opname='GET_ITER', opcode=19, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=22, start_offset=22, starts_line=False, line_number=3, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='FOR_ITER', opcode=71, arg=30, argval=88, argrepr='to L4', offset=24, start_offset=24, starts_line=False, line_number=3, label=1, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00')]),
-  Instruction(opname='STORE_FAST', opcode=110, arg=0, argval='i', argrepr='i', offset=28, start_offset=28, starts_line=False, line_number=3, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='LOAD_GLOBAL', opcode=91, arg=3, argval='print', argrepr='print + NULL', offset=30, start_offset=30, starts_line=True, line_number=4, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('index', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('module_keys_version', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('builtin_keys_version', 1, b'\x00\x00')]),
-  Instruction(opname='LOAD_FAST', opcode=85, arg=0, argval='i', argrepr='i', offset=40, start_offset=40, starts_line=False, line_number=4, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='CALL', opcode=52, arg=1, argval=1, argrepr='', offset=42, start_offset=42, starts_line=False, line_number=4, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('func_version', 2, b'\x00\x00\x00\x00')]),
-  Instruction(opname='POP_TOP', opcode=31, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=50, start_offset=50, starts_line=False, line_number=4, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='LOAD_FAST', opcode=85, arg=0, argval='i', argrepr='i', offset=52, start_offset=52, starts_line=True, line_number=5, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=83, arg=2, argval=4, argrepr='4', offset=54, start_offset=54, starts_line=False, line_number=5, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='COMPARE_OP', opcode=57, arg=18, argval='<', argrepr='bool(<)', offset=56, start_offset=56, starts_line=False, line_number=5, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00')]),
-  Instruction(opname='POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE', opcode=97, arg=2, argval=68, argrepr='to L2', offset=60, start_offset=60, starts_line=False, line_number=5, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00')]),
-  Instruction(opname='JUMP_BACKWARD', opcode=76, arg=22, argval=24, argrepr='to L1', offset=64, start_offset=64, starts_line=True, line_number=6, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00')]),
-  Instruction(opname='LOAD_FAST', opcode=85, arg=0, argval='i', argrepr='i', offset=68, start_offset=68, starts_line=True, line_number=7, label=2, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=83, arg=3, argval=6, argrepr='6', offset=70, start_offset=70, starts_line=False, line_number=7, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='COMPARE_OP', opcode=57, arg=148, argval='>', argrepr='bool(>)', offset=72, start_offset=72, starts_line=False, line_number=7, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00')]),
-  Instruction(opname='POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE', opcode=100, arg=2, argval=84, argrepr='to L3', offset=76, start_offset=76, starts_line=False, line_number=7, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00')]),
-  Instruction(opname='JUMP_BACKWARD', opcode=76, arg=30, argval=24, argrepr='to L1', offset=80, start_offset=80, starts_line=False, line_number=7, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00')]),
-  Instruction(opname='POP_TOP', opcode=31, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=84, start_offset=84, starts_line=True, line_number=8, label=3, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='JUMP_FORWARD', opcode=78, arg=13, argval=114, argrepr='to L5', offset=86, start_offset=86, starts_line=False, line_number=8, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='END_FOR', opcode=11, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=88, start_offset=88, starts_line=True, line_number=3, label=4, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='POP_TOP', opcode=31, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=90, start_offset=90, starts_line=False, line_number=3, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='LOAD_GLOBAL', opcode=91, arg=3, argval='print', argrepr='print + NULL', offset=92, start_offset=92, starts_line=True, line_number=10, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('index', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('module_keys_version', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('builtin_keys_version', 1, b'\x00\x00')]),
-  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=83, arg=4, argval='I can haz else clause?', argrepr="'I can haz else clause?'", offset=102, start_offset=102, starts_line=False, line_number=10, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='CALL', opcode=52, arg=1, argval=1, argrepr='', offset=104, start_offset=104, starts_line=False, line_number=10, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('func_version', 2, b'\x00\x00\x00\x00')]),
-  Instruction(opname='POP_TOP', opcode=31, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=112, start_offset=112, starts_line=False, line_number=10, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='LOAD_FAST_CHECK', opcode=87, arg=0, argval='i', argrepr='i', offset=114, start_offset=114, starts_line=True, line_number=11, label=5, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='TO_BOOL', opcode=39, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=116, start_offset=116, starts_line=False, line_number=11, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('version', 2, b'\x00\x00\x00\x00')]),
-  Instruction(opname='POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE', opcode=97, arg=40, argval=208, argrepr='to L9', offset=124, start_offset=124, starts_line=False, line_number=11, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00')]),
-  Instruction(opname='LOAD_GLOBAL', opcode=91, arg=3, argval='print', argrepr='print + NULL', offset=128, start_offset=128, starts_line=True, line_number=12, label=6, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('index', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('module_keys_version', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('builtin_keys_version', 1, b'\x00\x00')]),
-  Instruction(opname='LOAD_FAST', opcode=85, arg=0, argval='i', argrepr='i', offset=138, start_offset=138, starts_line=False, line_number=12, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='CALL', opcode=52, arg=1, argval=1, argrepr='', offset=140, start_offset=140, starts_line=False, line_number=12, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('func_version', 2, b'\x00\x00\x00\x00')]),
-  Instruction(opname='POP_TOP', opcode=31, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=148, start_offset=148, starts_line=False, line_number=12, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='LOAD_FAST', opcode=85, arg=0, argval='i', argrepr='i', offset=150, start_offset=150, starts_line=True, line_number=13, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=83, arg=5, argval=1, argrepr='1', offset=152, start_offset=152, starts_line=False, line_number=13, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='BINARY_OP', opcode=44, arg=23, argval=23, argrepr='-=', offset=154, start_offset=154, starts_line=False, line_number=13, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00')]),
-  Instruction(opname='STORE_FAST', opcode=110, arg=0, argval='i', argrepr='i', offset=158, start_offset=158, starts_line=False, line_number=13, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='LOAD_FAST', opcode=85, arg=0, argval='i', argrepr='i', offset=160, start_offset=160, starts_line=True, line_number=14, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=83, arg=3, argval=6, argrepr='6', offset=162, start_offset=162, starts_line=False, line_number=14, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='COMPARE_OP', opcode=57, arg=148, argval='>', argrepr='bool(>)', offset=164, start_offset=164, starts_line=False, line_number=14, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00')]),
-  Instruction(opname='POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE', opcode=97, arg=2, argval=176, argrepr='to L7', offset=168, start_offset=168, starts_line=False, line_number=14, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00')]),
-  Instruction(opname='JUMP_BACKWARD', opcode=76, arg=31, argval=114, argrepr='to L5', offset=172, start_offset=172, starts_line=True, line_number=15, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00')]),
-  Instruction(opname='LOAD_FAST', opcode=85, arg=0, argval='i', argrepr='i', offset=176, start_offset=176, starts_line=True, line_number=16, label=7, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=83, arg=2, argval=4, argrepr='4', offset=178, start_offset=178, starts_line=False, line_number=16, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='COMPARE_OP', opcode=57, arg=18, argval='<', argrepr='bool(<)', offset=180, start_offset=180, starts_line=False, line_number=16, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00')]),
-  Instruction(opname='POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE', opcode=97, arg=1, argval=190, argrepr='to L8', offset=184, start_offset=184, starts_line=False, line_number=16, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00')]),
-  Instruction(opname='JUMP_FORWARD', opcode=78, arg=20, argval=230, argrepr='to L10', offset=188, start_offset=188, starts_line=True, line_number=17, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='LOAD_FAST', opcode=85, arg=0, argval='i', argrepr='i', offset=190, start_offset=190, starts_line=True, line_number=11, label=8, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='TO_BOOL', opcode=39, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=192, start_offset=192, starts_line=False, line_number=11, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('version', 2, b'\x00\x00\x00\x00')]),
-  Instruction(opname='POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE', opcode=97, arg=2, argval=208, argrepr='to L9', offset=200, start_offset=200, starts_line=False, line_number=11, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00')]),
-  Instruction(opname='JUMP_BACKWARD', opcode=76, arg=40, argval=128, argrepr='to L6', offset=204, start_offset=204, starts_line=False, line_number=11, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00')]),
-  Instruction(opname='LOAD_GLOBAL', opcode=91, arg=3, argval='print', argrepr='print + NULL', offset=208, start_offset=208, starts_line=True, line_number=19, label=9, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('index', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('module_keys_version', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('builtin_keys_version', 1, b'\x00\x00')]),
-  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=83, arg=6, argval='Who let lolcatz into this test suite?', argrepr="'Who let lolcatz into this test suite?'", offset=218, start_offset=218, starts_line=False, line_number=19, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='CALL', opcode=52, arg=1, argval=1, argrepr='', offset=220, start_offset=220, starts_line=False, line_number=19, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('func_version', 2, b'\x00\x00\x00\x00')]),
-  Instruction(opname='POP_TOP', opcode=31, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=228, start_offset=228, starts_line=False, line_number=19, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='NOP', opcode=29, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=230, start_offset=230, starts_line=True, line_number=20, label=10, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=83, arg=5, argval=1, argrepr='1', offset=232, start_offset=232, starts_line=True, line_number=21, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=83, arg=7, argval=0, argrepr='0', offset=234, start_offset=234, starts_line=False, line_number=21, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='BINARY_OP', opcode=44, arg=11, argval=11, argrepr='/', offset=236, start_offset=236, starts_line=False, line_number=21, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00')]),
-  Instruction(opname='POP_TOP', opcode=31, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=240, start_offset=240, starts_line=False, line_number=21, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='LOAD_FAST', opcode=85, arg=0, argval='i', argrepr='i', offset=242, start_offset=242, starts_line=True, line_number=25, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='BEFORE_WITH', opcode=2, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=244, start_offset=244, starts_line=False, line_number=25, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='STORE_FAST', opcode=110, arg=1, argval='dodgy', argrepr='dodgy', offset=246, start_offset=246, starts_line=False, line_number=25, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='LOAD_GLOBAL', opcode=91, arg=3, argval='print', argrepr='print + NULL', offset=248, start_offset=248, starts_line=True, line_number=26, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('index', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('module_keys_version', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('builtin_keys_version', 1, b'\x00\x00')]),
-  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=83, arg=8, argval='Never reach this', argrepr="'Never reach this'", offset=258, start_offset=258, starts_line=False, line_number=26, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='CALL', opcode=52, arg=1, argval=1, argrepr='', offset=260, start_offset=260, starts_line=False, line_number=26, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('func_version', 2, b'\x00\x00\x00\x00')]),
-  Instruction(opname='POP_TOP', opcode=31, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=268, start_offset=268, starts_line=False, line_number=26, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=83, arg=0, argval=None, argrepr='None', offset=270, start_offset=270, starts_line=True, line_number=25, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=83, arg=0, argval=None, argrepr='None', offset=272, start_offset=272, starts_line=False, line_number=25, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=83, arg=0, argval=None, argrepr='None', offset=274, start_offset=274, starts_line=False, line_number=25, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='CALL', opcode=52, arg=2, argval=2, argrepr='', offset=276, start_offset=276, starts_line=False, line_number=25, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('func_version', 2, b'\x00\x00\x00\x00')]),
-  Instruction(opname='POP_TOP', opcode=31, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=284, start_offset=284, starts_line=False, line_number=25, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='LOAD_GLOBAL', opcode=91, arg=3, argval='print', argrepr='print + NULL', offset=286, start_offset=286, starts_line=True, line_number=28, label=11, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('index', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('module_keys_version', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('builtin_keys_version', 1, b'\x00\x00')]),
-  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=83, arg=10, argval="OK, now we're done", argrepr='"OK, now we\'re done"', offset=296, start_offset=296, starts_line=False, line_number=28, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='CALL', opcode=52, arg=1, argval=1, argrepr='', offset=298, start_offset=298, starts_line=False, line_number=28, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('func_version', 2, b'\x00\x00\x00\x00')]),
-  Instruction(opname='POP_TOP', opcode=31, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=306, start_offset=306, starts_line=False, line_number=28, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='RETURN_CONST', opcode=103, arg=0, argval=None, argrepr='None', offset=308, start_offset=308, starts_line=False, line_number=28, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='PUSH_EXC_INFO', opcode=32, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=310, start_offset=310, starts_line=True, line_number=25, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='WITH_EXCEPT_START', opcode=43, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=312, start_offset=312, starts_line=False, line_number=25, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='TO_BOOL', opcode=39, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=314, start_offset=314, starts_line=False, line_number=25, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('version', 2, b'\x00\x00\x00\x00')]),
-  Instruction(opname='POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE', opcode=100, arg=1, argval=328, argrepr='to L12', offset=322, start_offset=322, starts_line=False, line_number=25, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00')]),
-  Instruction(opname='RERAISE', opcode=102, arg=2, argval=2, argrepr='', offset=326, start_offset=326, starts_line=False, line_number=25, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='POP_TOP', opcode=31, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=328, start_offset=328, starts_line=False, line_number=25, label=12, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='POP_EXCEPT', opcode=30, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=330, start_offset=330, starts_line=False, line_number=25, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='POP_TOP', opcode=31, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=332, start_offset=332, starts_line=False, line_number=25, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='POP_TOP', opcode=31, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=334, start_offset=334, starts_line=False, line_number=25, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='JUMP_BACKWARD_NO_INTERRUPT', opcode=77, arg=26, argval=286, argrepr='to L11', offset=336, start_offset=336, starts_line=False, line_number=25, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='COPY', opcode=60, arg=3, argval=3, argrepr='', offset=338, start_offset=338, starts_line=True, line_number=None, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='POP_EXCEPT', opcode=30, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=340, start_offset=340, starts_line=False, line_number=None, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='RERAISE', opcode=102, arg=1, argval=1, argrepr='', offset=342, start_offset=342, starts_line=False, line_number=None, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='PUSH_EXC_INFO', opcode=32, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=344, start_offset=344, starts_line=False, line_number=None, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='LOAD_GLOBAL', opcode=91, arg=4, argval='ZeroDivisionError', argrepr='ZeroDivisionError', offset=346, start_offset=346, starts_line=True, line_number=22, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('index', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('module_keys_version', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('builtin_keys_version', 1, b'\x00\x00')]),
-  Instruction(opname='CHECK_EXC_MATCH', opcode=7, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=356, start_offset=356, starts_line=False, line_number=22, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE', opcode=97, arg=14, argval=390, argrepr='to L13', offset=358, start_offset=358, starts_line=False, line_number=22, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00')]),
-  Instruction(opname='POP_TOP', opcode=31, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=362, start_offset=362, starts_line=False, line_number=22, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='LOAD_GLOBAL', opcode=91, arg=3, argval='print', argrepr='print + NULL', offset=364, start_offset=364, starts_line=True, line_number=23, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('index', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('module_keys_version', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('builtin_keys_version', 1, b'\x00\x00')]),
-  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=83, arg=9, argval='Here we go, here we go, here we go...', argrepr="'Here we go, here we go, here we go...'", offset=374, start_offset=374, starts_line=False, line_number=23, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='CALL', opcode=52, arg=1, argval=1, argrepr='', offset=376, start_offset=376, starts_line=False, line_number=23, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('func_version', 2, b'\x00\x00\x00\x00')]),
-  Instruction(opname='POP_TOP', opcode=31, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=384, start_offset=384, starts_line=False, line_number=23, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='POP_EXCEPT', opcode=30, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=386, start_offset=386, starts_line=False, line_number=23, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='JUMP_BACKWARD_NO_INTERRUPT', opcode=77, arg=52, argval=286, argrepr='to L11', offset=388, start_offset=388, starts_line=False, line_number=23, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='RERAISE', opcode=102, arg=0, argval=0, argrepr='', offset=390, start_offset=390, starts_line=True, line_number=22, label=13, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='COPY', opcode=60, arg=3, argval=3, argrepr='', offset=392, start_offset=392, starts_line=True, line_number=None, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='POP_EXCEPT', opcode=30, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=394, start_offset=394, starts_line=False, line_number=None, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='RERAISE', opcode=102, arg=1, argval=1, argrepr='', offset=396, start_offset=396, starts_line=False, line_number=None, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='PUSH_EXC_INFO', opcode=32, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=398, start_offset=398, starts_line=False, line_number=None, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='LOAD_GLOBAL', opcode=91, arg=3, argval='print', argrepr='print + NULL', offset=400, start_offset=400, starts_line=True, line_number=28, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('index', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('module_keys_version', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('builtin_keys_version', 1, b'\x00\x00')]),
-  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=83, arg=10, argval="OK, now we're done", argrepr='"OK, now we\'re done"', offset=410, start_offset=410, starts_line=False, line_number=28, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='CALL', opcode=52, arg=1, argval=1, argrepr='', offset=412, start_offset=412, starts_line=False, line_number=28, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('func_version', 2, b'\x00\x00\x00\x00')]),
-  Instruction(opname='POP_TOP', opcode=31, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=420, start_offset=420, starts_line=False, line_number=28, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='RERAISE', opcode=102, arg=0, argval=0, argrepr='', offset=422, start_offset=422, starts_line=False, line_number=28, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='COPY', opcode=60, arg=3, argval=3, argrepr='', offset=424, start_offset=424, starts_line=True, line_number=None, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='POP_EXCEPT', opcode=30, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=426, start_offset=426, starts_line=False, line_number=None, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
-  Instruction(opname='RERAISE', opcode=102, arg=1, argval=1, argrepr='', offset=428, start_offset=428, starts_line=False, line_number=None, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_GLOBAL', opcode=87, arg=1, argval='range', argrepr='range + NULL', offset=2, start_offset=2, starts_line=True, line_number=3, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('index', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('module_keys_version', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('builtin_keys_version', 1, b'\x00\x00')]),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=79, arg=1, argval=10, argrepr='10', offset=12, start_offset=12, starts_line=False, line_number=3, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='CALL', opcode=49, arg=1, argval=1, argrepr='', offset=14, start_offset=14, starts_line=False, line_number=3, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('func_version', 2, b'\x00\x00\x00\x00')]),
+  Instruction(opname='GET_ITER', opcode=16, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=22, start_offset=22, starts_line=False, line_number=3, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='FOR_ITER', opcode=67, arg=30, argval=88, argrepr='to L4', offset=24, start_offset=24, starts_line=False, line_number=3, label=1, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00')]),
+  Instruction(opname='STORE_FAST', opcode=107, arg=0, argval='i', argrepr='i', offset=28, start_offset=28, starts_line=False, line_number=3, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_GLOBAL', opcode=87, arg=3, argval='print', argrepr='print + NULL', offset=30, start_offset=30, starts_line=True, line_number=4, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('index', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('module_keys_version', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('builtin_keys_version', 1, b'\x00\x00')]),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_FAST', opcode=81, arg=0, argval='i', argrepr='i', offset=40, start_offset=40, starts_line=False, line_number=4, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='CALL', opcode=49, arg=1, argval=1, argrepr='', offset=42, start_offset=42, starts_line=False, line_number=4, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('func_version', 2, b'\x00\x00\x00\x00')]),
+  Instruction(opname='POP_TOP', opcode=29, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=50, start_offset=50, starts_line=False, line_number=4, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_FAST', opcode=81, arg=0, argval='i', argrepr='i', offset=52, start_offset=52, starts_line=True, line_number=5, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=79, arg=2, argval=4, argrepr='4', offset=54, start_offset=54, starts_line=False, line_number=5, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='COMPARE_OP', opcode=54, arg=18, argval='<', argrepr='bool(<)', offset=56, start_offset=56, starts_line=False, line_number=5, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00')]),
+  Instruction(opname='POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE', opcode=94, arg=2, argval=68, argrepr='to L2', offset=60, start_offset=60, starts_line=False, line_number=5, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00')]),
+  Instruction(opname='JUMP_BACKWARD', opcode=72, arg=22, argval=24, argrepr='to L1', offset=64, start_offset=64, starts_line=True, line_number=6, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00')]),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_FAST', opcode=81, arg=0, argval='i', argrepr='i', offset=68, start_offset=68, starts_line=True, line_number=7, label=2, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=79, arg=3, argval=6, argrepr='6', offset=70, start_offset=70, starts_line=False, line_number=7, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='COMPARE_OP', opcode=54, arg=148, argval='>', argrepr='bool(>)', offset=72, start_offset=72, starts_line=False, line_number=7, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00')]),
+  Instruction(opname='POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE', opcode=97, arg=2, argval=84, argrepr='to L3', offset=76, start_offset=76, starts_line=False, line_number=7, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00')]),
+  Instruction(opname='JUMP_BACKWARD', opcode=72, arg=30, argval=24, argrepr='to L1', offset=80, start_offset=80, starts_line=False, line_number=7, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00')]),
+  Instruction(opname='POP_TOP', opcode=29, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=84, start_offset=84, starts_line=True, line_number=8, label=3, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='JUMP_FORWARD', opcode=74, arg=13, argval=114, argrepr='to L5', offset=86, start_offset=86, starts_line=False, line_number=8, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='END_FOR', opcode=9, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=88, start_offset=88, starts_line=True, line_number=3, label=4, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='POP_TOP', opcode=29, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=90, start_offset=90, starts_line=False, line_number=3, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_GLOBAL', opcode=87, arg=3, argval='print', argrepr='print + NULL', offset=92, start_offset=92, starts_line=True, line_number=10, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('index', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('module_keys_version', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('builtin_keys_version', 1, b'\x00\x00')]),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=79, arg=4, argval='I can haz else clause?', argrepr="'I can haz else clause?'", offset=102, start_offset=102, starts_line=False, line_number=10, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='CALL', opcode=49, arg=1, argval=1, argrepr='', offset=104, start_offset=104, starts_line=False, line_number=10, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('func_version', 2, b'\x00\x00\x00\x00')]),
+  Instruction(opname='POP_TOP', opcode=29, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=112, start_offset=112, starts_line=False, line_number=10, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_FAST_CHECK', opcode=83, arg=0, argval='i', argrepr='i', offset=114, start_offset=114, starts_line=True, line_number=11, label=5, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='TO_BOOL', opcode=37, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=116, start_offset=116, starts_line=False, line_number=11, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('version', 2, b'\x00\x00\x00\x00')]),
+  Instruction(opname='POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE', opcode=94, arg=33, argval=194, argrepr='to L8', offset=124, start_offset=124, starts_line=False, line_number=11, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00')]),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_GLOBAL', opcode=87, arg=3, argval='print', argrepr='print + NULL', offset=128, start_offset=128, starts_line=True, line_number=12, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('index', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('module_keys_version', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('builtin_keys_version', 1, b'\x00\x00')]),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_FAST', opcode=81, arg=0, argval='i', argrepr='i', offset=138, start_offset=138, starts_line=False, line_number=12, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='CALL', opcode=49, arg=1, argval=1, argrepr='', offset=140, start_offset=140, starts_line=False, line_number=12, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('func_version', 2, b'\x00\x00\x00\x00')]),
+  Instruction(opname='POP_TOP', opcode=29, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=148, start_offset=148, starts_line=False, line_number=12, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_FAST', opcode=81, arg=0, argval='i', argrepr='i', offset=150, start_offset=150, starts_line=True, line_number=13, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=79, arg=5, argval=1, argrepr='1', offset=152, start_offset=152, starts_line=False, line_number=13, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='BINARY_OP', opcode=42, arg=23, argval=23, argrepr='-=', offset=154, start_offset=154, starts_line=False, line_number=13, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00')]),
+  Instruction(opname='STORE_FAST', opcode=107, arg=0, argval='i', argrepr='i', offset=158, start_offset=158, starts_line=False, line_number=13, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_FAST', opcode=81, arg=0, argval='i', argrepr='i', offset=160, start_offset=160, starts_line=True, line_number=14, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=79, arg=3, argval=6, argrepr='6', offset=162, start_offset=162, starts_line=False, line_number=14, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='COMPARE_OP', opcode=54, arg=148, argval='>', argrepr='bool(>)', offset=164, start_offset=164, starts_line=False, line_number=14, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00')]),
+  Instruction(opname='POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE', opcode=94, arg=2, argval=176, argrepr='to L6', offset=168, start_offset=168, starts_line=False, line_number=14, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00')]),
+  Instruction(opname='JUMP_BACKWARD', opcode=72, arg=31, argval=114, argrepr='to L5', offset=172, start_offset=172, starts_line=True, line_number=15, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00')]),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_FAST', opcode=81, arg=0, argval='i', argrepr='i', offset=176, start_offset=176, starts_line=True, line_number=16, label=6, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=79, arg=2, argval=4, argrepr='4', offset=178, start_offset=178, starts_line=False, line_number=16, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='COMPARE_OP', opcode=54, arg=18, argval='<', argrepr='bool(<)', offset=180, start_offset=180, starts_line=False, line_number=16, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00')]),
+  Instruction(opname='POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE', opcode=97, arg=2, argval=192, argrepr='to L7', offset=184, start_offset=184, starts_line=False, line_number=16, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00')]),
+  Instruction(opname='JUMP_BACKWARD', opcode=72, arg=39, argval=114, argrepr='to L5', offset=188, start_offset=188, starts_line=False, line_number=16, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00')]),
+  Instruction(opname='JUMP_FORWARD', opcode=74, arg=11, argval=216, argrepr='to L9', offset=192, start_offset=192, starts_line=True, line_number=17, label=7, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_GLOBAL', opcode=87, arg=3, argval='print', argrepr='print + NULL', offset=194, start_offset=194, starts_line=True, line_number=19, label=8, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('index', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('module_keys_version', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('builtin_keys_version', 1, b'\x00\x00')]),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=79, arg=6, argval='Who let lolcatz into this test suite?', argrepr="'Who let lolcatz into this test suite?'", offset=204, start_offset=204, starts_line=False, line_number=19, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='CALL', opcode=49, arg=1, argval=1, argrepr='', offset=206, start_offset=206, starts_line=False, line_number=19, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('func_version', 2, b'\x00\x00\x00\x00')]),
+  Instruction(opname='POP_TOP', opcode=29, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=214, start_offset=214, starts_line=False, line_number=19, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='NOP', opcode=27, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=216, start_offset=216, starts_line=True, line_number=20, label=9, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=79, arg=5, argval=1, argrepr='1', offset=218, start_offset=218, starts_line=True, line_number=21, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=79, arg=7, argval=0, argrepr='0', offset=220, start_offset=220, starts_line=False, line_number=21, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='BINARY_OP', opcode=42, arg=11, argval=11, argrepr='/', offset=222, start_offset=222, starts_line=False, line_number=21, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00')]),
+  Instruction(opname='POP_TOP', opcode=29, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=226, start_offset=226, starts_line=False, line_number=21, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_FAST', opcode=81, arg=0, argval='i', argrepr='i', offset=228, start_offset=228, starts_line=True, line_number=25, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='COPY', opcode=57, arg=1, argval=1, argrepr='', offset=230, start_offset=230, starts_line=False, line_number=25, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_SPECIAL', opcode=89, arg=1, argval=1, argrepr='__exit__', offset=232, start_offset=232, starts_line=False, line_number=25, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='SWAP', opcode=112, arg=2, argval=2, argrepr='', offset=234, start_offset=234, starts_line=False, line_number=25, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='SWAP', opcode=112, arg=3, argval=3, argrepr='', offset=236, start_offset=236, starts_line=False, line_number=25, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_SPECIAL', opcode=89, arg=0, argval=0, argrepr='__enter__', offset=238, start_offset=238, starts_line=False, line_number=25, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='CALL', opcode=49, arg=0, argval=0, argrepr='', offset=240, start_offset=240, starts_line=False, line_number=25, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('func_version', 2, b'\x00\x00\x00\x00')]),
+  Instruction(opname='STORE_FAST', opcode=107, arg=1, argval='dodgy', argrepr='dodgy', offset=248, start_offset=248, starts_line=False, line_number=25, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_GLOBAL', opcode=87, arg=3, argval='print', argrepr='print + NULL', offset=250, start_offset=250, starts_line=True, line_number=26, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('index', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('module_keys_version', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('builtin_keys_version', 1, b'\x00\x00')]),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=79, arg=8, argval='Never reach this', argrepr="'Never reach this'", offset=260, start_offset=260, starts_line=False, line_number=26, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='CALL', opcode=49, arg=1, argval=1, argrepr='', offset=262, start_offset=262, starts_line=False, line_number=26, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('func_version', 2, b'\x00\x00\x00\x00')]),
+  Instruction(opname='POP_TOP', opcode=29, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=270, start_offset=270, starts_line=False, line_number=26, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=79, arg=0, argval=None, argrepr='None', offset=272, start_offset=272, starts_line=True, line_number=25, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=79, arg=0, argval=None, argrepr='None', offset=274, start_offset=274, starts_line=False, line_number=25, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=79, arg=0, argval=None, argrepr='None', offset=276, start_offset=276, starts_line=False, line_number=25, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='CALL', opcode=49, arg=3, argval=3, argrepr='', offset=278, start_offset=278, starts_line=False, line_number=25, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('func_version', 2, b'\x00\x00\x00\x00')]),
+  Instruction(opname='POP_TOP', opcode=29, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=286, start_offset=286, starts_line=False, line_number=25, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_GLOBAL', opcode=87, arg=3, argval='print', argrepr='print + NULL', offset=288, start_offset=288, starts_line=True, line_number=28, label=10, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('index', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('module_keys_version', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('builtin_keys_version', 1, b'\x00\x00')]),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=79, arg=10, argval="OK, now we're done", argrepr='"OK, now we\'re done"', offset=298, start_offset=298, starts_line=False, line_number=28, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='CALL', opcode=49, arg=1, argval=1, argrepr='', offset=300, start_offset=300, starts_line=False, line_number=28, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('func_version', 2, b'\x00\x00\x00\x00')]),
+  Instruction(opname='POP_TOP', opcode=29, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=308, start_offset=308, starts_line=False, line_number=28, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='RETURN_CONST', opcode=100, arg=0, argval=None, argrepr='None', offset=310, start_offset=310, starts_line=False, line_number=28, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='PUSH_EXC_INFO', opcode=30, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=312, start_offset=312, starts_line=True, line_number=25, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='WITH_EXCEPT_START', opcode=41, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=314, start_offset=314, starts_line=False, line_number=25, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='TO_BOOL', opcode=37, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=316, start_offset=316, starts_line=False, line_number=25, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('version', 2, b'\x00\x00\x00\x00')]),
+  Instruction(opname='POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE', opcode=97, arg=1, argval=330, argrepr='to L11', offset=324, start_offset=324, starts_line=False, line_number=25, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00')]),
+  Instruction(opname='RERAISE', opcode=99, arg=2, argval=2, argrepr='', offset=328, start_offset=328, starts_line=False, line_number=25, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='POP_TOP', opcode=29, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=330, start_offset=330, starts_line=False, line_number=25, label=11, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='POP_EXCEPT', opcode=28, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=332, start_offset=332, starts_line=False, line_number=25, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='POP_TOP', opcode=29, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=334, start_offset=334, starts_line=False, line_number=25, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='POP_TOP', opcode=29, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=336, start_offset=336, starts_line=False, line_number=25, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='POP_TOP', opcode=29, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=338, start_offset=338, starts_line=False, line_number=25, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='JUMP_BACKWARD_NO_INTERRUPT', opcode=73, arg=27, argval=288, argrepr='to L10', offset=340, start_offset=340, starts_line=False, line_number=25, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='COPY', opcode=57, arg=3, argval=3, argrepr='', offset=342, start_offset=342, starts_line=True, line_number=None, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='POP_EXCEPT', opcode=28, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=344, start_offset=344, starts_line=False, line_number=None, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='RERAISE', opcode=99, arg=1, argval=1, argrepr='', offset=346, start_offset=346, starts_line=False, line_number=None, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='PUSH_EXC_INFO', opcode=30, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=348, start_offset=348, starts_line=False, line_number=None, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_GLOBAL', opcode=87, arg=4, argval='ZeroDivisionError', argrepr='ZeroDivisionError', offset=350, start_offset=350, starts_line=True, line_number=22, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('index', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('module_keys_version', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('builtin_keys_version', 1, b'\x00\x00')]),
+  Instruction(opname='CHECK_EXC_MATCH', opcode=5, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=360, start_offset=360, starts_line=False, line_number=22, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE', opcode=94, arg=14, argval=394, argrepr='to L12', offset=362, start_offset=362, starts_line=False, line_number=22, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00')]),
+  Instruction(opname='POP_TOP', opcode=29, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=366, start_offset=366, starts_line=False, line_number=22, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_GLOBAL', opcode=87, arg=3, argval='print', argrepr='print + NULL', offset=368, start_offset=368, starts_line=True, line_number=23, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('index', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('module_keys_version', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('builtin_keys_version', 1, b'\x00\x00')]),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=79, arg=9, argval='Here we go, here we go, here we go...', argrepr="'Here we go, here we go, here we go...'", offset=378, start_offset=378, starts_line=False, line_number=23, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='CALL', opcode=49, arg=1, argval=1, argrepr='', offset=380, start_offset=380, starts_line=False, line_number=23, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('func_version', 2, b'\x00\x00\x00\x00')]),
+  Instruction(opname='POP_TOP', opcode=29, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=388, start_offset=388, starts_line=False, line_number=23, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='POP_EXCEPT', opcode=28, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=390, start_offset=390, starts_line=False, line_number=23, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='JUMP_BACKWARD_NO_INTERRUPT', opcode=73, arg=53, argval=288, argrepr='to L10', offset=392, start_offset=392, starts_line=False, line_number=23, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='RERAISE', opcode=99, arg=0, argval=0, argrepr='', offset=394, start_offset=394, starts_line=True, line_number=22, label=12, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='COPY', opcode=57, arg=3, argval=3, argrepr='', offset=396, start_offset=396, starts_line=True, line_number=None, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='POP_EXCEPT', opcode=28, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=398, start_offset=398, starts_line=False, line_number=None, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='RERAISE', opcode=99, arg=1, argval=1, argrepr='', offset=400, start_offset=400, starts_line=False, line_number=None, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='PUSH_EXC_INFO', opcode=30, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=402, start_offset=402, starts_line=False, line_number=None, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_GLOBAL', opcode=87, arg=3, argval='print', argrepr='print + NULL', offset=404, start_offset=404, starts_line=True, line_number=28, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('index', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('module_keys_version', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('builtin_keys_version', 1, b'\x00\x00')]),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=79, arg=10, argval="OK, now we're done", argrepr='"OK, now we\'re done"', offset=414, start_offset=414, starts_line=False, line_number=28, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='CALL', opcode=49, arg=1, argval=1, argrepr='', offset=416, start_offset=416, starts_line=False, line_number=28, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=[('counter', 1, b'\x00\x00'), ('func_version', 2, b'\x00\x00\x00\x00')]),
+  Instruction(opname='POP_TOP', opcode=29, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=424, start_offset=424, starts_line=False, line_number=28, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='RERAISE', opcode=99, arg=0, argval=0, argrepr='', offset=426, start_offset=426, starts_line=False, line_number=28, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='COPY', opcode=57, arg=3, argval=3, argrepr='', offset=428, start_offset=428, starts_line=True, line_number=None, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='POP_EXCEPT', opcode=28, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=430, start_offset=430, starts_line=False, line_number=None, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
+  Instruction(opname='RERAISE', opcode=99, arg=1, argval=1, argrepr='', offset=432, start_offset=432, starts_line=False, line_number=None, label=None, positions=None, cache_info=None),
 ]
 
 # One last piece of inspect fodder to check the default line number handling
 def simple(): pass
 expected_opinfo_simple = [
   Instruction(opname='RESUME', opcode=149, arg=0, argval=0, argrepr='', offset=0, start_offset=0, starts_line=True, line_number=simple.__code__.co_firstlineno, label=None, positions=None),
-  Instruction(opname='RETURN_CONST', opcode=103, arg=0, argval=None, argrepr='None', offset=2, start_offset=2, starts_line=False, line_number=simple.__code__.co_firstlineno, label=None),
+  Instruction(opname='RETURN_CONST', opcode=100, arg=0, argval=None, argrepr='None', offset=2, start_offset=2, starts_line=False, line_number=simple.__code__.co_firstlineno, label=None),
 ]
 
 
@@ -1941,6 +2047,24 @@ def f(x, y, z):
         dis.dis(f.__code__, file=output, show_caches=True)
         self.assertIn("L1:", output.getvalue())
 
+    def test_is_op_format(self):
+        output = io.StringIO()
+        dis.dis("a is b", file=output, show_caches=True)
+        self.assertIn("IS_OP                    0 (is)", output.getvalue())
+
+        output = io.StringIO()
+        dis.dis("a is not b", file=output, show_caches=True)
+        self.assertIn("IS_OP                    1 (is not)", output.getvalue())
+
+    def test_contains_op_format(self):
+        output = io.StringIO()
+        dis.dis("a in b", file=output, show_caches=True)
+        self.assertIn("CONTAINS_OP              0 (in)", output.getvalue())
+
+        output = io.StringIO()
+        dis.dis("a not in b", file=output, show_caches=True)
+        self.assertIn("CONTAINS_OP              1 (not in)", output.getvalue())
+
     def test_baseopname_and_baseopcode(self):
         # Standard instructions
         for name, code in dis.opmap.items():
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_doctest/test_doctest.py b/Lib/test/test_doctest/test_doctest.py
index b25d57ceeae6aa..171412cb7cb08c 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_doctest/test_doctest.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_doctest/test_doctest.py
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 
 from test import support
 from test.support import import_helper
-from test.support.pty_helper import FakeInput  # used in doctests
 import doctest
 import functools
 import os
@@ -16,7 +15,6 @@
 import tempfile
 import types
 import contextlib
-import _colorize
 
 
 def doctest_skip_if(condition):
@@ -471,7 +469,7 @@ def basics(): r"""
     >>> tests = finder.find(sample_func)
 
     >>> print(tests)  # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
-    [<DocTest sample_func from test_doctest.py:38 (1 example)>]
+    [<DocTest sample_func from test_doctest.py:36 (1 example)>]
 
 The exact name depends on how test_doctest was invoked, so allow for
 leading path components.
@@ -740,7 +738,7 @@ def non_Python_modules(): r"""
 
     >>> import builtins
     >>> tests = doctest.DocTestFinder().find(builtins)
-    >>> 830 < len(tests) < 860 # approximate number of objects with docstrings
+    >>> 750 < len(tests) < 800 # approximate number of objects with docstrings
     True
     >>> real_tests = [t for t in tests if len(t.examples) > 0]
     >>> len(real_tests) # objects that actually have doctests
@@ -893,6 +891,7 @@ def basics(): r"""
 DocTestRunner is used to run DocTest test cases, and to accumulate
 statistics.  Here's a simple DocTest case we can use:
 
+    >>> import _colorize
     >>> save_colorize = _colorize.COLORIZE
     >>> _colorize.COLORIZE = False
 
@@ -1027,6 +1026,7 @@ def exceptions(): r"""
 lines between the first line and the type/value may be omitted or
 replaced with any other string:
 
+    >>> import _colorize
     >>> save_colorize = _colorize.COLORIZE
     >>> _colorize.COLORIZE = False
 
@@ -1303,6 +1303,7 @@ def optionflags(): r"""
 The DONT_ACCEPT_TRUE_FOR_1 flag disables matches between True/False
 and 1/0:
 
+    >>> import _colorize
     >>> save_colorize = _colorize.COLORIZE
     >>> _colorize.COLORIZE = False
 
@@ -1736,6 +1737,7 @@ def option_directives(): r"""
 single example.  To turn an option on for an example, follow that
 example with a comment of the form ``# doctest: +OPTION``:
 
+    >>> import _colorize
     >>> save_colorize = _colorize.COLORIZE
     >>> _colorize.COLORIZE = False
 
@@ -2002,6 +2004,7 @@ def test_debug(): r"""
 
 Create some fake stdin input, to feed to the debugger:
 
+    >>> from test.support.pty_helper import FakeInput
     >>> real_stdin = sys.stdin
     >>> sys.stdin = FakeInput(['next', 'print(x)', 'continue'])
 
@@ -2031,6 +2034,7 @@ def test_pdb_set_trace():
         with a version that restores stdout.  This is necessary for you to
         see debugger output.
 
+          >>> import _colorize
           >>> save_colorize = _colorize.COLORIZE
           >>> _colorize.COLORIZE = False
 
@@ -2048,6 +2052,7 @@ def test_pdb_set_trace():
         To demonstrate this, we'll create a fake standard input that
         captures our debugger input:
 
+          >>> from test.support.pty_helper import FakeInput
           >>> real_stdin = sys.stdin
           >>> sys.stdin = FakeInput([
           ...    'print(x)',  # print data defined by the example
@@ -2086,7 +2091,7 @@ def test_pdb_set_trace():
           ...     runner.run(test)
           ... finally:
           ...     sys.stdin = real_stdin
-          > <doctest test.test_doctest.test_doctest.test_pdb_set_trace[9]>(3)calls_set_trace()
+          > <doctest test.test_doctest.test_doctest.test_pdb_set_trace[11]>(3)calls_set_trace()
           -> import pdb; pdb.set_trace()
           (Pdb) print(y)
           2
@@ -2188,6 +2193,7 @@ def test_pdb_set_trace_nested():
         >>> parser = doctest.DocTestParser()
         >>> runner = doctest.DocTestRunner(verbose=False)
         >>> test = parser.get_doctest(doc, globals(), "foo-bar@baz", "foo-bar@baz.py", 0)
+        >>> from test.support.pty_helper import FakeInput
         >>> real_stdin = sys.stdin
         >>> sys.stdin = FakeInput([
         ...    'step',
@@ -2700,6 +2706,7 @@ def test_testfile(): r"""
 
 We don't want color or `-v` in sys.argv for these tests.
 
+    >>> import _colorize
     >>> save_colorize = _colorize.COLORIZE
     >>> _colorize.COLORIZE = False
 
@@ -3007,6 +3014,7 @@ def test_testmod(): r"""
     def test_unicode(): """
 Check doctest with a non-ascii filename:
 
+    >>> import _colorize
     >>> save_colorize = _colorize.COLORIZE
     >>> _colorize.COLORIZE = False
 
@@ -3331,6 +3339,7 @@ def test_run_doctestsuite_multiple_times():
 
 def test_exception_with_note(note):
     """
+    >>> import _colorize
     >>> save_colorize = _colorize.COLORIZE
     >>> _colorize.COLORIZE = False
 
@@ -3465,6 +3474,7 @@ def test_syntax_error_subclass_from_stdlib():
 
 def test_syntax_error_with_incorrect_expected_note():
     """
+    >>> import _colorize
     >>> save_colorize = _colorize.COLORIZE
     >>> _colorize.COLORIZE = False
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_email/test__header_value_parser.py b/Lib/test/test_email/test__header_value_parser.py
index 5413319a414a62..95224e19f67ce5 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_email/test__header_value_parser.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_email/test__header_value_parser.py
@@ -2773,7 +2773,7 @@ def test_get_msg_id_no_id_right(self):
             parser.get_msg_id("<simplelocal@")
 
     def test_get_msg_id_with_brackets(self):
-        # Microsof Outlook generates non-standard one-off addresses:
+        # Microsoft Outlook generates non-standard one-off addresses:
         # https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/office/client-developer/outlook/mapi/one-off-addresses
         with self.assertRaises(errors.HeaderParseError):
             parser.get_msg_id("<[abrakadabra@microsoft.com]>")
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_email/test_generator.py b/Lib/test/test_email/test_generator.py
index bfff1051262079..c75a842c33578e 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_email/test_generator.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_email/test_generator.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 from email.generator import Generator, BytesGenerator
 from email.headerregistry import Address
 from email import policy
+import email.errors
 from test.test_email import TestEmailBase, parameterize
 
 
@@ -249,6 +250,44 @@ def test_rfc2231_wrapping_switches_to_default_len_if_too_narrow(self):
         g.flatten(msg)
         self.assertEqual(s.getvalue(), self.typ(expected))
 
+    def test_keep_encoded_newlines(self):
+        msg = self.msgmaker(self.typ(textwrap.dedent("""\
+            To: nobody
+            Subject: Bad subject=?UTF-8?Q?=0A?=Bcc: injection@example.com
+
+            None
+            """)))
+        expected = textwrap.dedent("""\
+            To: nobody
+            Subject: Bad subject=?UTF-8?Q?=0A?=Bcc: injection@example.com
+
+            None
+            """)
+        s = self.ioclass()
+        g = self.genclass(s, policy=self.policy.clone(max_line_length=80))
+        g.flatten(msg)
+        self.assertEqual(s.getvalue(), self.typ(expected))
+
+    def test_keep_long_encoded_newlines(self):
+        msg = self.msgmaker(self.typ(textwrap.dedent("""\
+            To: nobody
+            Subject: Bad subject=?UTF-8?Q?=0A?=Bcc: injection@example.com
+
+            None
+            """)))
+        expected = textwrap.dedent("""\
+            To: nobody
+            Subject: Bad subject
+             =?utf-8?q?=0A?=Bcc:
+             injection@example.com
+
+            None
+            """)
+        s = self.ioclass()
+        g = self.genclass(s, policy=self.policy.clone(max_line_length=30))
+        g.flatten(msg)
+        self.assertEqual(s.getvalue(), self.typ(expected))
+
 
 class TestGenerator(TestGeneratorBase, TestEmailBase):
 
@@ -273,6 +312,29 @@ def test_flatten_unicode_linesep(self):
         g.flatten(msg)
         self.assertEqual(s.getvalue(), self.typ(expected))
 
+    def test_verify_generated_headers(self):
+        """gh-121650: by default the generator prevents header injection"""
+        class LiteralHeader(str):
+            name = 'Header'
+            def fold(self, **kwargs):
+                return self
+
+        for text in (
+            'Value\r\nBad Injection\r\n',
+            'NoNewLine'
+        ):
+            with self.subTest(text=text):
+                message = message_from_string(
+                    "Header: Value\r\n\r\nBody",
+                    policy=self.policy,
+                )
+
+                del message['Header']
+                message['Header'] = LiteralHeader(text)
+
+                with self.assertRaises(email.errors.HeaderWriteError):
+                    message.as_string()
+
 
 class TestBytesGenerator(TestGeneratorBase, TestEmailBase):
 
@@ -294,6 +356,19 @@ def test_defaults_handle_spaces_between_encoded_words_when_folded(self):
         g.flatten(msg)
         self.assertEqual(s.getvalue(), expected)
 
+    def test_defaults_handle_spaces_when_encoded_words_is_folded_in_middle(self):
+        source = ('A very long long long long long long long long long long long long '
+                  'long long long long long long long long long long long súmmäry')
+        expected = ('Subject: A very long long long long long long long long long long long long\n'
+                    ' long long long long long long long long long long long =?utf-8?q?s=C3=BAmm?=\n'
+                    ' =?utf-8?q?=C3=A4ry?=\n\n').encode('ascii')
+        msg = EmailMessage()
+        msg['Subject'] = source
+        s = io.BytesIO()
+        g = BytesGenerator(s)
+        g.flatten(msg)
+        self.assertEqual(s.getvalue(), expected)
+
     def test_defaults_handle_spaces_at_start_of_subject(self):
         source = " Уведомление"
         expected = b"Subject:  =?utf-8?b?0KPQstC10LTQvtC80LvQtdC90LjQtQ==?=\n\n"
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_email/test_headerregistry.py b/Lib/test/test_email/test_headerregistry.py
index 5a608a033c7e54..4c0523f410332f 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_email/test_headerregistry.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_email/test_headerregistry.py
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
 from test.test_email import TestEmailBase, parameterize
 from email import headerregistry
 from email.headerregistry import Address, Group
-from email.header import decode_header
 from test.support import ALWAYS_EQ
 
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_email/test_policy.py b/Lib/test/test_email/test_policy.py
index c6b9c80efe1b54..baa35fd68e49c5 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_email/test_policy.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_email/test_policy.py
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ class PolicyAPITests(unittest.TestCase):
         'raise_on_defect':          False,
         'mangle_from_':             True,
         'message_factory':          None,
+        'verify_generated_headers': True,
         }
     # These default values are the ones set on email.policy.default.
     # If any of these defaults change, the docs must be updated.
@@ -294,6 +295,31 @@ def test_short_maxlen_error(self):
                 with self.assertRaises(email.errors.HeaderParseError):
                     policy.fold("Subject", subject)
 
+    def test_verify_generated_headers(self):
+        """Turning protection off allows header injection"""
+        policy = email.policy.default.clone(verify_generated_headers=False)
+        for text in (
+            'Header: Value\r\nBad: Injection\r\n',
+            'Header: NoNewLine'
+        ):
+            with self.subTest(text=text):
+                message = email.message_from_string(
+                    "Header: Value\r\n\r\nBody",
+                    policy=policy,
+                )
+                class LiteralHeader(str):
+                    name = 'Header'
+                    def fold(self, **kwargs):
+                        return self
+
+                del message['Header']
+                message['Header'] = LiteralHeader(text)
+
+                self.assertEqual(
+                    message.as_string(),
+                    f"{text}\nBody",
+                )
+
     # XXX: Need subclassing tests.
     # For adding subclassed objects, make sure the usual rules apply (subclass
     # wins), but that the order still works (right overrides left).
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_email/test_utils.py b/Lib/test/test_email/test_utils.py
index 8556a93699d194..4e6201e13c87f9 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_email/test_utils.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_email/test_utils.py
@@ -3,9 +3,7 @@
 import test.support
 import time
 import unittest
-import sys
-import os.path
-import zoneinfo
+
 
 class DateTimeTests(unittest.TestCase):
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_embed.py b/Lib/test/test_embed.py
index d94c63a13b8ea4..035d4418b15c51 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_embed.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_embed.py
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 # Run the tests in Programs/_testembed.c (tests for the CPython embedding APIs)
 from test import support
-from test.support import import_helper, os_helper, MS_WINDOWS
+from test.support import import_helper, os_helper, threading_helper, MS_WINDOWS
 import unittest
 
 from collections import namedtuple
 import contextlib
+import io
 import json
 import os
 import os.path
@@ -48,6 +49,8 @@
 INIT_LOOPS = 4
 MAX_HASH_SEED = 4294967295
 
+ABI_THREAD = 't' if sysconfig.get_config_var('Py_GIL_DISABLED') else ''
+
 
 # If we are running from a build dir, but the stdlib has been installed,
 # some tests need to expect different results.
@@ -165,7 +168,8 @@ def run_repeated_init_and_subinterpreters(self):
             # Parse the line from the loop.  The first line is the main
             # interpreter and the 3 afterward are subinterpreters.
             interp = Interp(*match.groups())
-            if support.verbose > 1:
+            if support.verbose > 2:
+                # 5 lines per pass is super-spammy, so limit that to -vvv
                 print(interp)
             self.assertTrue(interp.interp)
             self.assertTrue(interp.tstate)
@@ -276,6 +280,10 @@ def test_pre_initialization_api(self):
         """
         env = dict(os.environ, PYTHONPATH=os.pathsep.join(sys.path))
         out, err = self.run_embedded_interpreter("test_pre_initialization_api", env=env)
+        if support.verbose > 1:
+            print()
+            print(out)
+            print(err)
         if MS_WINDOWS:
             expected_path = self.test_exe
         else:
@@ -293,6 +301,10 @@ def test_pre_initialization_sys_options(self):
         env['PYTHONPATH'] = os.pathsep.join(sys.path)
         out, err = self.run_embedded_interpreter(
                         "test_pre_initialization_sys_options", env=env)
+        if support.verbose > 1:
+            print()
+            print(out)
+            print(err)
         expected_output = (
             "sys.warnoptions: ['once', 'module', 'default']\n"
             "sys._xoptions: {'not_an_option': '1', 'also_not_an_option': '2'}\n"
@@ -404,6 +416,99 @@ def test_ucnhash_capi_reset(self):
         out, err = self.run_embedded_interpreter("test_repeated_init_exec", code)
         self.assertEqual(out, '9\n' * INIT_LOOPS)
 
+    def test_datetime_reset_strptime(self):
+        code = (
+            "import datetime;"
+            "d = datetime.datetime.strptime('2000-01-01', '%Y-%m-%d');"
+            "print(d.strftime('%Y%m%d'))"
+        )
+        out, err = self.run_embedded_interpreter("test_repeated_init_exec", code)
+        self.assertEqual(out, '20000101\n' * INIT_LOOPS)
+
+    def test_static_types_inherited_slots(self):
+        script = textwrap.dedent("""
+            import test.support
+            results = []
+            for cls in test.support.iter_builtin_types():
+                for attr, _ in test.support.iter_slot_wrappers(cls):
+                    wrapper = getattr(cls, attr)
+                    res = (cls, attr, wrapper)
+                    results.append(res)
+            results = ((repr(c), a, repr(w)) for c, a, w in results)
+            """)
+        def collate_results(raw):
+            results = {}
+            for cls, attr, wrapper in raw:
+                key = cls, attr
+                assert key not in results, (results, key, wrapper)
+                results[key] = wrapper
+            return results
+
+        ns = {}
+        exec(script, ns, ns)
+        main_results = collate_results(ns['results'])
+        del ns
+
+        script += textwrap.dedent("""
+            import json
+            import sys
+            text = json.dumps(list(results))
+            print(text, file=sys.stderr)
+            """)
+        out, err = self.run_embedded_interpreter(
+                "test_repeated_init_exec", script, script)
+        _results = err.split('--- Loop #')[1:]
+        (_embedded, _reinit,
+         ) = [json.loads(res.rpartition(' ---\n')[-1]) for res in _results]
+        embedded_results = collate_results(_embedded)
+        reinit_results = collate_results(_reinit)
+
+        for key, expected in main_results.items():
+            cls, attr = key
+            for src, results in [
+                ('embedded', embedded_results),
+                ('reinit', reinit_results),
+            ]:
+                with self.subTest(src, cls=cls, slotattr=attr):
+                    actual = results.pop(key)
+                    self.assertEqual(actual, expected)
+        self.maxDiff = None
+        self.assertEqual(embedded_results, {})
+        self.assertEqual(reinit_results, {})
+
+        self.assertEqual(out, '')
+
+    def test_getargs_reset_static_parser(self):
+        # Test _PyArg_Parser initializations via _PyArg_UnpackKeywords()
+        # https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/122334
+        code = textwrap.dedent("""
+            try:
+                import _ssl
+            except ModuleNotFoundError:
+                _ssl = None
+            if _ssl is not None:
+                _ssl.txt2obj(txt='1.3')
+            print('1')
+
+            import _queue
+            _queue.SimpleQueue().put_nowait(item=None)
+            print('2')
+
+            import _zoneinfo
+            _zoneinfo.ZoneInfo.clear_cache(only_keys=['Foo/Bar'])
+            print('3')
+        """)
+        out, err = self.run_embedded_interpreter("test_repeated_init_exec", code)
+        self.assertEqual(out, '1\n2\n3\n' * INIT_LOOPS)
+
+
+def config_dev_mode(preconfig, config):
+    preconfig['allocator'] = PYMEM_ALLOCATOR_DEBUG
+    preconfig['dev_mode'] = 1
+    config['dev_mode'] = 1
+    config['warnoptions'] = ['default']
+    config['faulthandler'] = 1
+
 
 @unittest.skipIf(_testinternalcapi is None, "requires _testinternalcapi")
 class InitConfigTests(EmbeddingTestsMixin, unittest.TestCase):
@@ -419,30 +524,30 @@ class InitConfigTests(EmbeddingTestsMixin, unittest.TestCase):
     PRE_CONFIG_COMPAT = {
         '_config_init': API_COMPAT,
         'allocator': PYMEM_ALLOCATOR_NOT_SET,
-        'parse_argv': 0,
-        'configure_locale': 1,
-        'coerce_c_locale': 0,
-        'coerce_c_locale_warn': 0,
-        'utf8_mode': 0,
+        'parse_argv': False,
+        'configure_locale': True,
+        'coerce_c_locale': False,
+        'coerce_c_locale_warn': False,
+        'utf8_mode': False,
     }
     if MS_WINDOWS:
         PRE_CONFIG_COMPAT.update({
-            'legacy_windows_fs_encoding': 0,
+            'legacy_windows_fs_encoding': False,
         })
     PRE_CONFIG_PYTHON = dict(PRE_CONFIG_COMPAT,
         _config_init=API_PYTHON,
-        parse_argv=1,
+        parse_argv=True,
         coerce_c_locale=GET_DEFAULT_CONFIG,
         utf8_mode=GET_DEFAULT_CONFIG,
     )
     PRE_CONFIG_ISOLATED = dict(PRE_CONFIG_COMPAT,
         _config_init=API_ISOLATED,
-        configure_locale=0,
-        isolated=1,
-        use_environment=0,
-        utf8_mode=0,
-        dev_mode=0,
-        coerce_c_locale=0,
+        configure_locale=False,
+        isolated=True,
+        use_environment=False,
+        utf8_mode=False,
+        dev_mode=False,
+        coerce_c_locale=False,
     )
 
     COPY_PRE_CONFIG = [
@@ -464,7 +569,7 @@ class InitConfigTests(EmbeddingTestsMixin, unittest.TestCase):
         'cpu_count': -1,
         'faulthandler': False,
         'tracemalloc': 0,
-        'perf_profiling': False,
+        'perf_profiling': 0,
         'import_time': False,
         'code_debug_ranges': True,
         'show_ref_count': False,
@@ -481,7 +586,7 @@ class InitConfigTests(EmbeddingTestsMixin, unittest.TestCase):
         'argv': [""],
         'orig_argv': [],
 
-        'xoptions': [],
+        'xoptions': {},
         'warnoptions': [],
 
         'pythonpath_env': None,
@@ -530,14 +635,14 @@ class InitConfigTests(EmbeddingTestsMixin, unittest.TestCase):
         '_is_python_build': IGNORE_CONFIG,
     }
     if Py_STATS:
-        CONFIG_COMPAT['_pystats'] = 0
+        CONFIG_COMPAT['_pystats'] = False
     if support.Py_DEBUG:
         CONFIG_COMPAT['run_presite'] = None
     if support.Py_GIL_DISABLED:
         CONFIG_COMPAT['enable_gil'] = -1
     if MS_WINDOWS:
         CONFIG_COMPAT.update({
-            'legacy_windows_stdio': 0,
+            'legacy_windows_stdio': False,
         })
 
     CONFIG_PYTHON = dict(CONFIG_COMPAT,
@@ -555,12 +660,12 @@ class InitConfigTests(EmbeddingTestsMixin, unittest.TestCase):
         install_signal_handlers=False,
         use_hash_seed=False,
         faulthandler=False,
-        tracemalloc=0,
-        perf_profiling=False,
+        tracemalloc=False,
+        perf_profiling=0,
         pathconfig_warnings=False,
     )
     if MS_WINDOWS:
-        CONFIG_ISOLATED['legacy_windows_stdio'] = 0
+        CONFIG_ISOLATED['legacy_windows_stdio'] = False
 
     # global config
     DEFAULT_GLOBAL_CONFIG = {
@@ -839,23 +944,23 @@ def test_init_compat_config(self):
 
     def test_init_global_config(self):
         preconfig = {
-            'utf8_mode': 1,
+            'utf8_mode': True,
         }
         config = {
             'program_name': './globalvar',
-            'site_import': 0,
-            'bytes_warning': 1,
+            'site_import': False,
+            'bytes_warning': True,
             'warnoptions': ['default::BytesWarning'],
-            'inspect': 1,
-            'interactive': 1,
+            'inspect': True,
+            'interactive': True,
             'optimization_level': 2,
-            'write_bytecode': 0,
-            'verbose': 1,
-            'quiet': 1,
-            'buffered_stdio': 0,
+            'write_bytecode': False,
+            'verbose': True,
+            'quiet': True,
+            'buffered_stdio': False,
 
-            'user_site_directory': 0,
-            'pathconfig_warnings': 0,
+            'user_site_directory': False,
+            'pathconfig_warnings': False,
         }
         self.check_all_configs("test_init_global_config", config, preconfig,
                                api=API_COMPAT)
@@ -863,14 +968,14 @@ def test_init_global_config(self):
     def test_init_from_config(self):
         preconfig = {
             'allocator': ALLOCATOR_FOR_CONFIG,
-            'utf8_mode': 1,
+            'utf8_mode': True,
         }
         config = {
             'install_signal_handlers': False,
             'use_hash_seed': True,
             'hash_seed': 123,
             'tracemalloc': 2,
-            'perf_profiling': False,
+            'perf_profiling': 0,
             'import_time': True,
             'code_debug_ranges': False,
             'show_ref_count': True,
@@ -888,12 +993,12 @@ def test_init_from_config(self):
                           '-c', 'pass',
                           'arg2'],
             'parse_argv': True,
-            'xoptions': [
-                'config_xoption1=3',
-                'config_xoption2=',
-                'config_xoption3',
-                'cmdline_xoption',
-            ],
+            'xoptions': {
+                'config_xoption1': '3',
+                'config_xoption2': '',
+                'config_xoption3': True,
+                'cmdline_xoption': True,
+            },
             'warnoptions': [
                 'cmdline_warnoption',
                 'default::BytesWarning',
@@ -935,7 +1040,7 @@ def test_init_compat_env(self):
             'use_hash_seed': True,
             'hash_seed': 42,
             'tracemalloc': 2,
-            'perf_profiling': False,
+            'perf_profiling': 0,
             'import_time': True,
             'code_debug_ranges': False,
             'malloc_stats': True,
@@ -955,6 +1060,7 @@ def test_init_compat_env(self):
             'module_search_paths': self.IGNORE_CONFIG,
             'safe_path': True,
             'int_max_str_digits': 4567,
+            'perf_profiling': 1,
         }
         if Py_STATS:
             config['_pystats'] = 1
@@ -970,7 +1076,7 @@ def test_init_python_env(self):
             'use_hash_seed': True,
             'hash_seed': 42,
             'tracemalloc': 2,
-            'perf_profiling': False,
+            'perf_profiling': 0,
             'import_time': True,
             'code_debug_ranges': False,
             'malloc_stats': True,
@@ -990,6 +1096,7 @@ def test_init_python_env(self):
             'module_search_paths': self.IGNORE_CONFIG,
             'safe_path': True,
             'int_max_str_digits': 4567,
+            'perf_profiling': 1,
         }
         if Py_STATS:
             config['_pystats'] = True
@@ -1013,23 +1120,20 @@ def test_init_env_dev_mode_alloc(self):
                                api=API_COMPAT)
 
     def test_init_dev_mode(self):
-        preconfig = {
-            'allocator': PYMEM_ALLOCATOR_DEBUG,
-        }
+        preconfig = {}
         config = {
             'faulthandler': True,
             'dev_mode': True,
             'warnoptions': ['default'],
         }
+        config_dev_mode(preconfig, config)
         self.check_all_configs("test_init_dev_mode", config, preconfig,
                                api=API_PYTHON)
 
     def test_preinit_parse_argv(self):
         # Pre-initialize implicitly using argv: make sure that -X dev
         # is used to configure the allocation in preinitialization
-        preconfig = {
-            'allocator': PYMEM_ALLOCATOR_DEBUG,
-        }
+        preconfig = {}
         config = {
             'argv': ['script.py'],
             'orig_argv': ['python3', '-X', 'dev', '-P', 'script.py'],
@@ -1037,16 +1141,17 @@ def test_preinit_parse_argv(self):
             'dev_mode': True,
             'faulthandler': True,
             'warnoptions': ['default'],
-            'xoptions': ['dev'],
+            'xoptions': {'dev': True},
             'safe_path': True,
         }
+        config_dev_mode(preconfig, config)
         self.check_all_configs("test_preinit_parse_argv", config, preconfig,
                                api=API_PYTHON)
 
     def test_preinit_dont_parse_argv(self):
         # -X dev must be ignored by isolated preconfiguration
         preconfig = {
-            'isolated': 0,
+            'isolated': False,
         }
         argv = ["python3",
                "-E", "-I", "-P",
@@ -1056,7 +1161,7 @@ def test_preinit_dont_parse_argv(self):
         config = {
             'argv': argv,
             'orig_argv': argv,
-            'isolated': 0,
+            'isolated': False,
         }
         self.check_all_configs("test_preinit_dont_parse_argv", config, preconfig,
                                api=API_ISOLATED)
@@ -1129,12 +1234,12 @@ def modify_path(path):
     def test_init_sys_add(self):
         config = {
             'faulthandler': 1,
-            'xoptions': [
-                'config_xoption',
-                'cmdline_xoption',
-                'sysadd_xoption',
-                'faulthandler',
-            ],
+            'xoptions': {
+                'config_xoption': True,
+                'cmdline_xoption': True,
+                'sysadd_xoption': True,
+                'faulthandler': True,
+            },
             'warnoptions': [
                 'ignore:::cmdline_warnoption',
                 'ignore:::sysadd_warnoption',
@@ -1170,7 +1275,7 @@ def test_init_main(self):
             'program_name': './python3',
             'run_command': code + '\n',
             'parse_argv': True,
-            '_init_main': 0,
+            '_init_main': False,
             'sys_path_0': '',
         }
         self.check_all_configs("test_init_main", config,
@@ -1276,11 +1381,11 @@ def module_search_paths(self, prefix=None, exec_prefix=None):
             ver = sys.version_info
             return [
                 os.path.join(prefix, sys.platlibdir,
-                             f'python{ver.major}{ver.minor}.zip'),
+                             f'python{ver.major}{ver.minor}{ABI_THREAD}.zip'),
                 os.path.join(prefix, sys.platlibdir,
-                             f'python{ver.major}.{ver.minor}'),
+                             f'python{ver.major}.{ver.minor}{ABI_THREAD}'),
                 os.path.join(exec_prefix, sys.platlibdir,
-                             f'python{ver.major}.{ver.minor}', 'lib-dynload'),
+                             f'python{ver.major}.{ver.minor}{ABI_THREAD}', 'lib-dynload'),
             ]
 
     @contextlib.contextmanager
@@ -1334,7 +1439,7 @@ def test_init_setpythonhome(self):
             expected_paths = [paths[0], os.path.join(home, 'DLLs'), stdlib]
         else:
             version = f'{sys.version_info.major}.{sys.version_info.minor}'
-            stdlib = os.path.join(home, sys.platlibdir, f'python{version}')
+            stdlib = os.path.join(home, sys.platlibdir, f'python{version}{ABI_THREAD}')
             expected_paths = self.module_search_paths(prefix=home, exec_prefix=home)
 
         config = {
@@ -1375,7 +1480,7 @@ def test_init_is_python_build_with_home(self):
             expected_paths = [paths[0], os.path.join(home, 'DLLs'), stdlib]
         else:
             version = f'{sys.version_info.major}.{sys.version_info.minor}'
-            stdlib = os.path.join(home, sys.platlibdir, f'python{version}')
+            stdlib = os.path.join(home, sys.platlibdir, f'python{version}{ABI_THREAD}')
             expected_paths = self.module_search_paths(prefix=home, exec_prefix=home)
 
         config = {
@@ -1506,7 +1611,7 @@ def test_init_pyvenv_cfg(self):
             if not MS_WINDOWS:
                 lib_dynload = os.path.join(pyvenv_home,
                                            sys.platlibdir,
-                                           f'python{ver.major}.{ver.minor}',
+                                           f'python{ver.major}.{ver.minor}{ABI_THREAD}',
                                            'lib-dynload')
                 os.makedirs(lib_dynload)
             else:
@@ -1548,12 +1653,12 @@ def test_init_pyvenv_cfg(self):
                 config['base_prefix'] = pyvenv_home
                 config['prefix'] = pyvenv_home
                 config['stdlib_dir'] = os.path.join(pyvenv_home, 'Lib')
-                config['use_frozen_modules'] = int(not support.Py_DEBUG)
+                config['use_frozen_modules'] = bool(not support.Py_DEBUG)
             else:
                 # cannot reliably assume stdlib_dir here because it
                 # depends too much on our build. But it ought to be found
                 config['stdlib_dir'] = self.IGNORE_CONFIG
-                config['use_frozen_modules'] = int(not support.Py_DEBUG)
+                config['use_frozen_modules'] = bool(not support.Py_DEBUG)
 
             env = self.copy_paths_by_env(config)
             self.check_all_configs("test_init_compat_config", config,
@@ -1617,7 +1722,7 @@ def get_func(name):
 
         config = _testinternalcapi.get_configs()['config']
 
-        self.assertEqual(Py_GetPath().split(os.path.pathsep),
+        self.assertEqual(tuple(Py_GetPath().split(os.path.pathsep)),
                          config['module_search_paths'])
         self.assertEqual(Py_GetPrefix(), config['prefix'])
         self.assertEqual(Py_GetExecPrefix(), config['exec_prefix'])
@@ -1639,16 +1744,15 @@ def test_init_warnoptions(self):
             'ignore:::PySys_AddWarnOption2',  # PySys_AddWarnOption()
             'ignore:::PyConfig_BeforeRead',   # PyConfig.warnoptions
             'ignore:::PyConfig_AfterRead']    # PyWideStringList_Append()
-        preconfig = dict(allocator=PYMEM_ALLOCATOR_DEBUG)
+        preconfig = {}
         config = {
-            'dev_mode': 1,
-            'faulthandler': 1,
             'bytes_warning': 1,
-            'warnoptions': warnoptions,
             'orig_argv': ['python3',
                           '-Wignore:::cmdline1',
                           '-Wignore:::cmdline2'],
         }
+        config_dev_mode(preconfig, config)
+        config['warnoptions'] = warnoptions
         self.check_all_configs("test_init_warnoptions", config, preconfig,
                                api=API_PYTHON)
 
@@ -1661,6 +1765,30 @@ def test_init_set_config(self):
         self.check_all_configs("test_init_set_config", config,
                                api=API_ISOLATED)
 
+    def test_initconfig_api(self):
+        preconfig = {
+            'configure_locale': True,
+        }
+        config = {
+            'pycache_prefix': 'conf_pycache_prefix',
+            'xoptions': {'faulthandler': True},
+            'hash_seed': 10,
+            'use_hash_seed': True,
+            'perf_profiling': 2,
+        }
+        config_dev_mode(preconfig, config)
+        self.check_all_configs("test_initconfig_api", config, preconfig,
+                               api=API_ISOLATED)
+
+    def test_initconfig_get_api(self):
+        self.run_embedded_interpreter("test_initconfig_get_api")
+
+    def test_initconfig_exit(self):
+        self.run_embedded_interpreter("test_initconfig_exit")
+
+    def test_initconfig_module(self):
+        self.run_embedded_interpreter("test_initconfig_module")
+
     def test_get_argc_argv(self):
         self.run_embedded_interpreter("test_get_argc_argv")
         # ignore output
@@ -1674,6 +1802,10 @@ def test_init_use_frozen_modules(self):
         }
         for raw, expected in tests:
             optval = f'frozen_modules{raw}'
+            if raw.startswith('='):
+                xoption_value = raw[1:]
+            else:
+                xoption_value = True
             config = {
                 'parse_argv': True,
                 'argv': ['-c'],
@@ -1681,7 +1813,7 @@ def test_init_use_frozen_modules(self):
                 'program_name': './argv0',
                 'run_command': 'pass\n',
                 'use_environment': True,
-                'xoptions': [optval],
+                'xoptions': {'frozen_modules': xoption_value},
                 'use_frozen_modules': expected,
             }
             env = {'TESTFROZEN': raw[1:]} if raw else None
@@ -1713,6 +1845,13 @@ def test_init_main_interpreter_settings(self):
 
         self.assertEqual(out, expected)
 
+    @threading_helper.requires_working_threading()
+    def test_init_in_background_thread(self):
+        # gh-123022: Check that running Py_Initialize() in a background
+        # thread doesn't crash.
+        out, err = self.run_embedded_interpreter("test_init_in_background_thread")
+        self.assertEqual(err, "")
+
 
 class SetConfigTests(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_set_config(self):
@@ -1844,7 +1983,11 @@ def test_no_memleak(self):
     @unittest.skipUnless(support.Py_DEBUG,
                          '-X presite requires a Python debug build')
     def test_presite(self):
-        cmd = [sys.executable, "-I", "-X", "presite=test.reperf", "-c", "print('cmd')"]
+        cmd = [
+            sys.executable,
+            "-I", "-X", "presite=test._test_embed_structseq",
+            "-c", "print('unique-python-message')",
+        ]
         proc = subprocess.run(
             cmd,
             stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
@@ -1853,9 +1996,8 @@ def test_presite(self):
         )
         self.assertEqual(proc.returncode, 0)
         out = proc.stdout.strip()
-        self.assertIn("10 times sub", out)
-        self.assertIn("CPU seconds", out)
-        self.assertIn("cmd", out)
+        self.assertIn("Tests passed", out)
+        self.assertIn("unique-python-message", out)
 
 
 class StdPrinterTests(EmbeddingTestsMixin, unittest.TestCase):
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_ensurepip.py b/Lib/test/test_ensurepip.py
index a4b36a90d8815e..6d3c91b0b6d9f9 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_ensurepip.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_ensurepip.py
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 import test.support
 import unittest
 import unittest.mock
-from importlib.resources.abc import Traversable
 from pathlib import Path
 
 import ensurepip
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_enum.py b/Lib/test/test_enum.py
index 529dfc62eff680..b9e13fb8c3585e 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_enum.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_enum.py
@@ -1495,6 +1495,27 @@ class SpamEnum(Enum):
             spam = nonmember(SpamEnumIsInner)
         self.assertTrue(SpamEnum.spam is SpamEnumIsInner)
 
+    def test_using_members_as_nonmember(self):
+        class Example(Flag):
+            A = 1
+            B = 2
+            ALL = nonmember(A | B)
+
+        self.assertEqual(Example.A.value, 1)
+        self.assertEqual(Example.B.value, 2)
+        self.assertEqual(Example.ALL, 3)
+        self.assertIs(type(Example.ALL), int)
+
+        class Example(Flag):
+            A = auto()
+            B = auto()
+            ALL = nonmember(A | B)
+
+        self.assertEqual(Example.A.value, 1)
+        self.assertEqual(Example.B.value, 2)
+        self.assertEqual(Example.ALL, 3)
+        self.assertIs(type(Example.ALL), int)
+
     def test_nested_classes_in_enum_with_member(self):
         """Support locally-defined nested classes."""
         class Outer(Enum):
@@ -1867,6 +1888,25 @@ def test_wrong_inheritance_order(self):
             class Wrong(Enum, str):
                 NotHere = 'error before this point'
 
+    def test_raise_custom_error_on_creation(self):
+        class InvalidRgbColorError(ValueError):
+            def __init__(self, r, g, b):
+                self.r = r
+                self.g = g
+                self.b = b
+                super().__init__(f'({r}, {g}, {b}) is not a valid RGB color')
+
+        with self.assertRaises(InvalidRgbColorError):
+            class RgbColor(Enum):
+                RED = (255, 0, 0)
+                GREEN = (0, 255, 0)
+                BLUE = (0, 0, 255)
+                INVALID = (256, 0, 0)
+
+                def __init__(self, r, g, b):
+                    if not all(0 <= val <= 255 for val in (r, g, b)):
+                        raise InvalidRgbColorError(r, g, b)
+
     def test_intenum_transitivity(self):
         class number(IntEnum):
             one = 1
@@ -3439,6 +3479,13 @@ def test_empty_names(self):
         self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, '.int. object is not iterable', Enum, 'bad_enum', names=0)
         self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, '.int. object is not iterable', Enum, 'bad_enum', 0, type=int)
 
+    def test_nonhashable_matches_hashable(self):    # issue 125710
+        class Directions(Enum):
+            DOWN_ONLY = frozenset({"sc"})
+            UP_ONLY = frozenset({"cs"})
+            UNRESTRICTED = frozenset({"sc", "cs"})
+        self.assertIs(Directions({"sc"}), Directions.DOWN_ONLY)
+
 
 class TestOrder(unittest.TestCase):
     "test usage of the `_order_` attribute"
@@ -5307,7 +5354,7 @@ def test_convert_value_lookup_priority(self):
                 filter=lambda x: x.startswith('CONVERT_TEST_'))
         # We don't want the reverse lookup value to vary when there are
         # multiple possible names for a given value.  It should always
-        # report the first lexigraphical name in that case.
+        # report the first lexicographical name in that case.
         self.assertEqual(test_type(5).name, 'CONVERT_TEST_NAME_A')
 
     def test_convert_int(self):
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_eof.py b/Lib/test/test_eof.py
index be4fd73bfdc36b..e377383450e19d 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_eof.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_eof.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """test script for a few new invalid token catches"""
 
 import sys
+from codecs import BOM_UTF8
 from test import support
 from test.support import os_helper
 from test.support import script_helper
@@ -11,67 +12,158 @@ class EOFTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_EOF_single_quote(self):
         expect = "unterminated string literal (detected at line 1) (<string>, line 1)"
         for quote in ("'", "\""):
-            try:
+            with self.assertRaises(SyntaxError) as cm:
                 eval(f"""{quote}this is a test\
                 """)
-            except SyntaxError as msg:
-                self.assertEqual(str(msg), expect)
-                self.assertEqual(msg.offset, 1)
-            else:
-                raise support.TestFailed
+            self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception), expect)
+            self.assertEqual(cm.exception.offset, 1)
 
     def test_EOFS(self):
-        expect = ("unterminated triple-quoted string literal (detected at line 1) (<string>, line 1)")
-        try:
-            eval("""'''this is a test""")
-        except SyntaxError as msg:
-            self.assertEqual(str(msg), expect)
-            self.assertEqual(msg.offset, 1)
-        else:
-            raise support.TestFailed
+        expect = ("unterminated triple-quoted string literal (detected at line 3) (<string>, line 1)")
+        with self.assertRaises(SyntaxError) as cm:
+            eval("""ä = '''thîs is \na \ntest""")
+        self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception), expect)
+        self.assertEqual(cm.exception.text, "ä = '''thîs is ")
+        self.assertEqual(cm.exception.offset, 5)
+
+        with self.assertRaises(SyntaxError) as cm:
+            eval("""ä = '''thîs is \na \ntest""".encode())
+        self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception), expect)
+        self.assertEqual(cm.exception.text, "ä = '''thîs is ")
+        self.assertEqual(cm.exception.offset, 5)
+
+        with self.assertRaises(SyntaxError) as cm:
+            eval(BOM_UTF8 + """ä = '''thîs is \na \ntest""".encode())
+        self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception), expect)
+        self.assertEqual(cm.exception.text, "ä = '''thîs is ")
+        self.assertEqual(cm.exception.offset, 5)
+
+        with self.assertRaises(SyntaxError) as cm:
+            eval("""# coding: latin1\nä = '''thîs is \na \ntest""".encode('latin1'))
+        self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception), "unterminated triple-quoted string literal (detected at line 4) (<string>, line 2)")
+        self.assertEqual(cm.exception.text, "ä = '''thîs is ")
+        self.assertEqual(cm.exception.offset, 5)
 
     def test_EOFS_with_file(self):
         expect = ("(<string>, line 1)")
         with os_helper.temp_dir() as temp_dir:
-            file_name = script_helper.make_script(temp_dir, 'foo', """'''this is \na \ntest""")
-            rc, out, err = script_helper.assert_python_failure(file_name)
-        self.assertIn(b'unterminated triple-quoted string literal (detected at line 3)', err)
+            file_name = script_helper.make_script(temp_dir, 'foo',
+                                                  """ä = '''thîs is \na \ntest""")
+            rc, out, err = script_helper.assert_python_failure('-X', 'utf8', file_name)
+            err = err.decode().splitlines()
+            self.assertEqual(err[-3:], [
+                "    ä = '''thîs is ",
+                '        ^',
+                'SyntaxError: unterminated triple-quoted string literal (detected at line 3)'])
+
+            file_name = script_helper.make_script(temp_dir, 'foo',
+                                                  """ä = '''thîs is \na \ntest""".encode())
+            rc, out, err = script_helper.assert_python_failure('-X', 'utf8', file_name)
+            err = err.decode().splitlines()
+            self.assertEqual(err[-3:], [
+                "    ä = '''thîs is ",
+                '        ^',
+                'SyntaxError: unterminated triple-quoted string literal (detected at line 3)'])
+
+            file_name = script_helper.make_script(temp_dir, 'foo',
+                                                  BOM_UTF8 + """ä = '''thîs is \na \ntest""".encode())
+            rc, out, err = script_helper.assert_python_failure('-X', 'utf8', file_name)
+            err = err.decode().splitlines()
+            self.assertEqual(err[-3:], [
+                "    ä = '''thîs is ",
+                '        ^',
+                'SyntaxError: unterminated triple-quoted string literal (detected at line 3)'])
+
+            file_name = script_helper.make_script(temp_dir, 'foo',
+                                                  """# coding: latin1\nä = '''thîs is \na \ntest""".encode('latin1'))
+            rc, out, err = script_helper.assert_python_failure('-X', 'utf8', file_name)
+            err = err.decode().splitlines()
+            self.assertEqual(err[-3:], [
+                "    ä = '''thîs is ",
+                '        ^',
+                'SyntaxError: unterminated triple-quoted string literal (detected at line 4)'])
 
     @warnings_helper.ignore_warnings(category=SyntaxWarning)
     def test_eof_with_line_continuation(self):
         expect = "unexpected EOF while parsing (<string>, line 1)"
-        try:
+        with self.assertRaises(SyntaxError) as cm:
             compile('"\\Xhh" \\', '<string>', 'exec')
-        except SyntaxError as msg:
-            self.assertEqual(str(msg), expect)
-        else:
-            raise support.TestFailed
+        self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception), expect)
 
     def test_line_continuation_EOF(self):
         """A continuation at the end of input must be an error; bpo2180."""
         expect = 'unexpected EOF while parsing (<string>, line 1)'
-        with self.assertRaises(SyntaxError) as excinfo:
-            exec('x = 5\\')
-        self.assertEqual(str(excinfo.exception), expect)
-        with self.assertRaises(SyntaxError) as excinfo:
+        with self.assertRaises(SyntaxError) as cm:
+            exec('ä = 5\\')
+        self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception), expect)
+        self.assertEqual(cm.exception.text, 'ä = 5\\\n')
+        self.assertEqual(cm.exception.offset, 7)
+
+        with self.assertRaises(SyntaxError) as cm:
+            exec('ä = 5\\'.encode())
+        self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception), expect)
+        self.assertEqual(cm.exception.text, 'ä = 5\\\n')
+        self.assertEqual(cm.exception.offset, 7)
+
+        with self.assertRaises(SyntaxError) as cm:
+            exec('# coding:latin1\nä = 5\\'.encode('latin1'))
+        self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception),
+                         'unexpected EOF while parsing (<string>, line 2)')
+        self.assertEqual(cm.exception.text, 'ä = 5\\\n')
+        self.assertEqual(cm.exception.offset, 7)
+
+        with self.assertRaises(SyntaxError) as cm:
+            exec(BOM_UTF8 + 'ä = 5\\'.encode())
+        self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception), expect)
+        self.assertEqual(cm.exception.text, 'ä = 5\\\n')
+        self.assertEqual(cm.exception.offset, 7)
+
+        with self.assertRaises(SyntaxError) as cm:
             exec('\\')
-        self.assertEqual(str(excinfo.exception), expect)
+        self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception), expect)
 
     @unittest.skipIf(not sys.executable, "sys.executable required")
     def test_line_continuation_EOF_from_file_bpo2180(self):
         """Ensure tok_nextc() does not add too many ending newlines."""
         with os_helper.temp_dir() as temp_dir:
             file_name = script_helper.make_script(temp_dir, 'foo', '\\')
-            rc, out, err = script_helper.assert_python_failure(file_name)
-            self.assertIn(b'unexpected EOF while parsing', err)
-            self.assertIn(b'line 1', err)
-            self.assertIn(b'\\', err)
-
-            file_name = script_helper.make_script(temp_dir, 'foo', 'y = 6\\')
-            rc, out, err = script_helper.assert_python_failure(file_name)
-            self.assertIn(b'unexpected EOF while parsing', err)
-            self.assertIn(b'line 1', err)
-            self.assertIn(b'y = 6\\', err)
+            rc, out, err = script_helper.assert_python_failure('-X', 'utf8', file_name)
+            err = err.decode().splitlines()
+            self.assertEqual(err[-2:], [
+                '    \\',
+                'SyntaxError: unexpected EOF while parsing'])
+            self.assertEqual(err[-3][-8:], ', line 1', err)
+
+            file_name = script_helper.make_script(temp_dir, 'foo', 'ä = 6\\')
+            rc, out, err = script_helper.assert_python_failure('-X', 'utf8', file_name)
+            err = err.decode().splitlines()
+            self.assertEqual(err[-3:], [
+                '    ä = 6\\',
+                '          ^',
+                'SyntaxError: unexpected EOF while parsing'])
+            self.assertEqual(err[-4][-8:], ', line 1', err)
+
+            file_name = script_helper.make_script(temp_dir, 'foo',
+                                                  '# coding:latin1\n'
+                                                  'ä = 7\\'.encode('latin1'))
+            rc, out, err = script_helper.assert_python_failure('-X', 'utf8', file_name)
+            err = err.decode().splitlines()
+            self.assertEqual(err[-3:], [
+                '    ä = 7\\',
+                '          ^',
+                'SyntaxError: unexpected EOF while parsing'])
+            self.assertEqual(err[-4][-8:], ', line 2', err)
+
+            file_name = script_helper.make_script(temp_dir, 'foo',
+                                                  BOM_UTF8 + 'ä = 8\\'.encode())
+            rc, out, err = script_helper.assert_python_failure('-X', 'utf8', file_name)
+            err = err.decode().splitlines()
+            self.assertEqual(err[-3:], [
+                '    ä = 8\\',
+                '          ^',
+                'SyntaxError: unexpected EOF while parsing'])
+            self.assertEqual(err[-4][-8:], ', line 1', err)
+
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_exceptions.py b/Lib/test/test_exceptions.py
index 9460d1f1c864b9..b3c21cd4f3d585 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_exceptions.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_exceptions.py
@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@
 import pickle
 import weakref
 import errno
+from codecs import BOM_UTF8
+from itertools import product
 from textwrap import dedent
 
 from test.support import (captured_stderr, check_impl_detail,
@@ -1335,6 +1337,29 @@ def test_unicode_errors_no_object(self):
         for klass in klasses:
             self.assertEqual(str(klass.__new__(klass)), "")
 
+    def test_unicode_error_str_does_not_crash(self):
+        # Test that str(UnicodeError(...)) does not crash.
+        # See https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/123378.
+
+        for start, end, objlen in product(
+            range(-5, 5),
+            range(-5, 5),
+            range(7),
+        ):
+            obj = 'a' * objlen
+            with self.subTest('encode', objlen=objlen, start=start, end=end):
+                exc = UnicodeEncodeError('utf-8', obj, start, end, '')
+                self.assertIsInstance(str(exc), str)
+
+            with self.subTest('translate', objlen=objlen, start=start, end=end):
+                exc = UnicodeTranslateError(obj, start, end, '')
+                self.assertIsInstance(str(exc), str)
+
+            encoded = obj.encode()
+            with self.subTest('decode', objlen=objlen, start=start, end=end):
+                exc = UnicodeDecodeError('utf-8', encoded, start, end, '')
+                self.assertIsInstance(str(exc), str)
+
     @no_tracing
     def test_badisinstance(self):
         # Bug #2542: if issubclass(e, MyException) raises an exception,
@@ -1859,6 +1884,8 @@ def f():
         except self.failureException:
             with support.captured_stderr() as err:
                 sys.__excepthook__(*sys.exc_info())
+        else:
+            self.fail("assertRaisesRegex should have failed.")
 
         self.assertIn("aab", err.getvalue())
 
@@ -2009,16 +2036,20 @@ def test_copy_pickle(self):
                 self.assertEqual(exc.path, orig.path)
 
 
+def run_script(source):
+    if isinstance(source, str):
+        with open(TESTFN, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as testfile:
+            testfile.write(dedent(source))
+    else:
+        with open(TESTFN, 'wb') as testfile:
+            testfile.write(source)
+    _rc, _out, err = script_helper.assert_python_failure('-Wd', '-X', 'utf8', TESTFN)
+    return err.decode('utf-8').splitlines()
+
 class AssertionErrorTests(unittest.TestCase):
     def tearDown(self):
         unlink(TESTFN)
 
-    def write_source(self, source):
-        with open(TESTFN, 'w') as testfile:
-            testfile.write(dedent(source))
-        _rc, _out, err = script_helper.assert_python_failure('-Wd', '-X', 'utf8', TESTFN)
-        return err.decode('utf-8').splitlines()
-
     @force_not_colorized
     def test_assertion_error_location(self):
         cases = [
@@ -2050,11 +2081,32 @@ def test_assertion_error_location(self):
                     'AssertionError',
                 ],
             ),
-            ('assert 1 > 2, "message"',
+            ('assert 1 > 2, "messäge"',
+                [
+                    '    assert 1 > 2, "messäge"',
+                    '           ^^^^^',
+                    'AssertionError: messäge',
+                ],
+            ),
+            ('assert 1 > 2, "messäge"'.encode(),
+                [
+                    '    assert 1 > 2, "messäge"',
+                    '           ^^^^^',
+                    'AssertionError: messäge',
+                ],
+            ),
+            ('# coding: latin1\nassert 1 > 2, "messäge"'.encode('latin1'),
                 [
-                    '    assert 1 > 2, "message"',
+                    '    assert 1 > 2, "messäge"',
                     '           ^^^^^',
-                    'AssertionError: message',
+                    'AssertionError: messäge',
+                ],
+            ),
+            (BOM_UTF8 + 'assert 1 > 2, "messäge"'.encode(),
+                [
+                    '    assert 1 > 2, "messäge"',
+                    '           ^^^^^',
+                    'AssertionError: messäge',
                 ],
             ),
 
@@ -2092,8 +2144,8 @@ def test_assertion_error_location(self):
             ),
         ]
         for source, expected in cases:
-            with self.subTest(source):
-                result = self.write_source(source)
+            with self.subTest(source=source):
+                result = run_script(source)
                 self.assertEqual(result[-3:], expected)
 
     @force_not_colorized
@@ -2123,12 +2175,14 @@ def test_multiline_not_highlighted(self):
             ),
         ]
         for source, expected in cases:
-            with self.subTest(source):
-                result = self.write_source(source)
+            with self.subTest(source=source):
+                result = run_script(source)
                 self.assertEqual(result[-len(expected):], expected)
 
 
 class SyntaxErrorTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    maxDiff = None
+
     @force_not_colorized
     def test_range_of_offsets(self):
         cases = [
@@ -2221,45 +2275,106 @@ def test_range_of_offsets(self):
                     the_exception = exc
 
     def test_encodings(self):
+        self.addCleanup(unlink, TESTFN)
         source = (
             '# -*- coding: cp437 -*-\n'
             '"¢¢¢¢¢¢" + f(4, x for x in range(1))\n'
         )
-        try:
-            with open(TESTFN, 'w', encoding='cp437') as testfile:
-                testfile.write(source)
-            rc, out, err = script_helper.assert_python_failure('-Wd', '-X', 'utf8', TESTFN)
-            err = err.decode('utf-8').splitlines()
-
-            self.assertEqual(err[-3], '    "¢¢¢¢¢¢" + f(4, x for x in range(1))')
-            self.assertEqual(err[-2], '                          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^')
-        finally:
-            unlink(TESTFN)
+        err = run_script(source.encode('cp437'))
+        self.assertEqual(err[-3], '    "¢¢¢¢¢¢" + f(4, x for x in range(1))')
+        self.assertEqual(err[-2], '                          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^')
 
         # Check backwards tokenizer errors
         source = '# -*- coding: ascii -*-\n\n(\n'
-        try:
-            with open(TESTFN, 'w', encoding='ascii') as testfile:
-                testfile.write(source)
-            rc, out, err = script_helper.assert_python_failure('-Wd', '-X', 'utf8', TESTFN)
-            err = err.decode('utf-8').splitlines()
-
-            self.assertEqual(err[-3], '    (')
-            self.assertEqual(err[-2], '    ^')
-        finally:
-            unlink(TESTFN)
+        err = run_script(source)
+        self.assertEqual(err[-3], '    (')
+        self.assertEqual(err[-2], '    ^')
 
     def test_non_utf8(self):
         # Check non utf-8 characters
-        try:
-            with open(TESTFN, 'bw') as testfile:
-                testfile.write(b"\x89")
-            rc, out, err = script_helper.assert_python_failure('-Wd', '-X', 'utf8', TESTFN)
-            err = err.decode('utf-8').splitlines()
+        self.addCleanup(unlink, TESTFN)
+        err = run_script(b"\x89")
+        self.assertIn("SyntaxError: Non-UTF-8 code starting with '\\x89' in file", err[-1])
 
-            self.assertIn("SyntaxError: Non-UTF-8 code starting with '\\x89' in file", err[-1])
-        finally:
-            unlink(TESTFN)
+    def test_string_source(self):
+        def try_compile(source):
+            with self.assertRaises(SyntaxError) as cm:
+                compile(source, '<string>', 'exec')
+            return cm.exception
+
+        exc = try_compile('return "ä"')
+        self.assertEqual(str(exc), "'return' outside function (<string>, line 1)")
+        self.assertIsNone(exc.text)
+        self.assertEqual(exc.offset, 1)
+        self.assertEqual(exc.end_offset, 12)
+
+        exc = try_compile('return "ä"'.encode())
+        self.assertEqual(str(exc), "'return' outside function (<string>, line 1)")
+        self.assertIsNone(exc.text)
+        self.assertEqual(exc.offset, 1)
+        self.assertEqual(exc.end_offset, 12)
+
+        exc = try_compile(BOM_UTF8 + 'return "ä"'.encode())
+        self.assertEqual(str(exc), "'return' outside function (<string>, line 1)")
+        self.assertIsNone(exc.text)
+        self.assertEqual(exc.offset, 1)
+        self.assertEqual(exc.end_offset, 12)
+
+        exc = try_compile('# coding: latin1\nreturn "ä"'.encode('latin1'))
+        self.assertEqual(str(exc), "'return' outside function (<string>, line 2)")
+        self.assertIsNone(exc.text)
+        self.assertEqual(exc.offset, 1)
+        self.assertEqual(exc.end_offset, 12)
+
+        exc = try_compile('return "ä" #' + 'ä'*1000)
+        self.assertEqual(str(exc), "'return' outside function (<string>, line 1)")
+        self.assertIsNone(exc.text)
+        self.assertEqual(exc.offset, 1)
+        self.assertEqual(exc.end_offset, 12)
+
+        exc = try_compile('return "ä" # ' + 'ä'*1000)
+        self.assertEqual(str(exc), "'return' outside function (<string>, line 1)")
+        self.assertIsNone(exc.text)
+        self.assertEqual(exc.offset, 1)
+        self.assertEqual(exc.end_offset, 12)
+
+    def test_file_source(self):
+        self.addCleanup(unlink, TESTFN)
+        err = run_script('return "ä"')
+        self.assertEqual(err[-3:], [
+                         '    return "ä"',
+                         '    ^^^^^^^^^^',
+                         "SyntaxError: 'return' outside function"])
+
+        err = run_script('return "ä"'.encode())
+        self.assertEqual(err[-3:], [
+                         '    return "ä"',
+                         '    ^^^^^^^^^^',
+                         "SyntaxError: 'return' outside function"])
+
+        err = run_script(BOM_UTF8 + 'return "ä"'.encode())
+        self.assertEqual(err[-3:], [
+                         '    return "ä"',
+                         '    ^^^^^^^^^^',
+                         "SyntaxError: 'return' outside function"])
+
+        err = run_script('# coding: latin1\nreturn "ä"'.encode('latin1'))
+        self.assertEqual(err[-3:], [
+                         '    return "ä"',
+                         '    ^^^^^^^^^^',
+                         "SyntaxError: 'return' outside function"])
+
+        err = run_script('return "ä" #' + 'ä'*1000)
+        self.assertEqual(err[-2:], [
+                         '    ^^^^^^^^^^^',
+                         "SyntaxError: 'return' outside function"])
+        self.assertEqual(err[-3][:100], '    return "ä" #' + 'ä'*84)
+
+        err = run_script('return "ä" # ' + 'ä'*1000)
+        self.assertEqual(err[-2:], [
+                         '    ^^^^^^^^^^^',
+                         "SyntaxError: 'return' outside function"])
+        self.assertEqual(err[-3][:100], '    return "ä" # ' + 'ä'*83)
 
     def test_attributes_new_constructor(self):
         args = ("bad.py", 1, 2, "abcdefg", 1, 100)
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_faulthandler.py b/Lib/test/test_faulthandler.py
index 61ec8fe3151af1..60815be96e14eb 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_faulthandler.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_faulthandler.py
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ def test_sigfpe(self):
             faulthandler._sigfpe()
             """,
             3,
-            'Floating point exception')
+            'Floating-point exception')
 
     @unittest.skipIf(_testcapi is None, 'need _testcapi')
     @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(signal, 'SIGBUS'), 'need signal.SIGBUS')
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_file.py b/Lib/test/test_file.py
index 9df55278693531..1206032a93566e 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_file.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_file.py
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ def testMethods(self):
         # it must also return None if an exception was given
         try:
             1/0
-        except:
+        except ZeroDivisionError:
             self.assertEqual(self.f.__exit__(*sys.exc_info()), None)
 
     def testReadWhenWriting(self):
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_file_eintr.py b/Lib/test/test_file_eintr.py
index f9236f45ca4be8..466f94e389f986 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_file_eintr.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_file_eintr.py
@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@
     raise unittest.SkipTest("test module requires subprocess")
 
 # Test import all of the things we're about to try testing up front.
-import _io
-import _pyio
+import _io    # noqa: F401
+import _pyio  # noqa: F401
 
 @unittest.skipUnless(os.name == 'posix', 'tests requires a posix system.')
 class TestFileIOSignalInterrupt:
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_filecmp.py b/Lib/test/test_filecmp.py
index b5df71678264a8..2c83667b22feb4 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_filecmp.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_filecmp.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import filecmp
 import os
+import re
 import shutil
 import tempfile
 import unittest
@@ -155,6 +156,39 @@ def test_cmpfiles(self):
                     (['file'], ['file2'], []),
                     "Comparing mismatched directories fails")
 
+    def test_cmpfiles_invalid_names(self):
+        # See https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/122400.
+        for file, desc in [
+            ('\x00', 'NUL bytes filename'),
+            (__file__ + '\x00', 'filename with embedded NUL bytes'),
+            ("\uD834\uDD1E.py", 'surrogate codes (MUSICAL SYMBOL G CLEF)'),
+            ('a' * 1_000_000, 'very long filename'),
+        ]:
+            for other_dir in [self.dir, self.dir_same, self.dir_diff]:
+                with self.subTest(f'cmpfiles: {desc}', other_dir=other_dir):
+                    res = filecmp.cmpfiles(self.dir, other_dir, [file])
+                    self.assertTupleEqual(res, ([], [], [file]))
+
+    def test_dircmp_invalid_names(self):
+        for bad_dir, desc in [
+            ('\x00', 'NUL bytes dirname'),
+            (f'Top{os.sep}Mid\x00', 'dirname with embedded NUL bytes'),
+            ("\uD834\uDD1E", 'surrogate codes (MUSICAL SYMBOL G CLEF)'),
+            ('a' * 1_000_000, 'very long dirname'),
+        ]:
+            d1 = filecmp.dircmp(self.dir, bad_dir)
+            d2 = filecmp.dircmp(bad_dir, self.dir)
+            for target in [
+                # attributes where os.listdir() raises OSError or ValueError
+                'left_list', 'right_list',
+                'left_only', 'right_only', 'common',
+            ]:
+                with self.subTest(f'dircmp(ok, bad): {desc}', target=target):
+                    with self.assertRaises((OSError, ValueError)):
+                        getattr(d1, target)
+                with self.subTest(f'dircmp(bad, ok): {desc}', target=target):
+                    with self.assertRaises((OSError, ValueError)):
+                        getattr(d2, target)
 
     def _assert_lists(self, actual, expected):
         """Assert that two lists are equal, up to ordering."""
@@ -277,6 +311,17 @@ def test_dircmp_shallow_same_file(self):
         ]
         self._assert_report(d.report, expected_report)
 
+    def test_dircmp_shallow_is_keyword_only(self):
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(
+            TypeError,
+            re.escape("dircmp.__init__() takes from 3 to 5 positional arguments but 6 were given"),
+        ):
+            filecmp.dircmp(self.dir, self.dir_same, None, None, True)
+        self.assertIsInstance(
+            filecmp.dircmp(self.dir, self.dir_same, None, None, shallow=True),
+            filecmp.dircmp,
+        )
+
     def test_dircmp_subdirs_type(self):
         """Check that dircmp.subdirs respects subclassing."""
         class MyDirCmp(filecmp.dircmp):
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_float.py b/Lib/test/test_float.py
index 53695cefb8fded..f588e16b70123a 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_float.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_float.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 import unittest
 
 from test import support
+from test.support.testcase import FloatsAreIdenticalMixin
 from test.test_grammar import (VALID_UNDERSCORE_LITERALS,
                                INVALID_UNDERSCORE_LITERALS)
 from math import isinf, isnan, copysign, ldexp
@@ -32,6 +33,28 @@ class FloatSubclass(float):
 class OtherFloatSubclass(float):
     pass
 
+class MyIndex:
+    def __init__(self, value):
+        self.value = value
+
+    def __index__(self):
+        return self.value
+
+class MyInt:
+    def __init__(self, value):
+        self.value = value
+
+    def __int__(self):
+        return self.value
+
+class FloatLike:
+    def __init__(self, value):
+        self.value = value
+
+    def __float__(self):
+        return self.value
+
+
 class GeneralFloatCases(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_float(self):
@@ -152,7 +175,7 @@ def check(s):
         # non-UTF-8 byte string
         check(b'123\xa0')
 
-    @support.run_with_locale('LC_NUMERIC', 'fr_FR', 'de_DE')
+    @support.run_with_locale('LC_NUMERIC', 'fr_FR', 'de_DE', '')
     def test_float_with_comma(self):
         # set locale to something that doesn't use '.' for the decimal point
         # float must not accept the locale specific decimal point but
@@ -181,10 +204,6 @@ def test_float_with_comma(self):
 
     def test_floatconversion(self):
         # Make sure that calls to __float__() work properly
-        class Foo1(object):
-            def __float__(self):
-                return 42.
-
         class Foo2(float):
             def __float__(self):
                 return 42.
@@ -206,45 +225,29 @@ class FooStr(str):
             def __float__(self):
                 return float(str(self)) + 1
 
-        self.assertEqual(float(Foo1()), 42.)
+        self.assertEqual(float(FloatLike(42.)), 42.)
         self.assertEqual(float(Foo2()), 42.)
         with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
             self.assertEqual(float(Foo3(21)), 42.)
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, float, Foo4(42))
         self.assertEqual(float(FooStr('8')), 9.)
 
-        class Foo5:
-            def __float__(self):
-                return ""
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, time.sleep, Foo5())
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, time.sleep, FloatLike(""))
 
         # Issue #24731
-        class F:
-            def __float__(self):
-                return OtherFloatSubclass(42.)
+        f = FloatLike(OtherFloatSubclass(42.))
         with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
-            self.assertEqual(float(F()), 42.)
+            self.assertEqual(float(f), 42.)
         with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
-            self.assertIs(type(float(F())), float)
+            self.assertIs(type(float(f)), float)
         with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
-            self.assertEqual(FloatSubclass(F()), 42.)
+            self.assertEqual(FloatSubclass(f), 42.)
         with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
-            self.assertIs(type(FloatSubclass(F())), FloatSubclass)
-
-        class MyIndex:
-            def __init__(self, value):
-                self.value = value
-            def __index__(self):
-                return self.value
+            self.assertIs(type(FloatSubclass(f)), FloatSubclass)
 
         self.assertEqual(float(MyIndex(42)), 42.0)
         self.assertRaises(OverflowError, float, MyIndex(2**2000))
-
-        class MyInt:
-            def __int__(self):
-                return 42
-
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, float, MyInt())
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, float, MyInt(42))
 
     def test_keyword_args(self):
         with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, 'keyword argument'):
@@ -277,6 +280,37 @@ def __new__(cls, arg, newarg=None):
         self.assertEqual(float(u), 2.5)
         self.assertEqual(u.newarg, 3)
 
+    def assertEqualAndType(self, actual, expected_value, expected_type):
+        self.assertEqual(actual, expected_value)
+        self.assertIs(type(actual), expected_type)
+
+    def test_from_number(self, cls=float):
+        def eq(actual, expected):
+            self.assertEqual(actual, expected)
+            self.assertIs(type(actual), cls)
+
+        eq(cls.from_number(3.14), 3.14)
+        eq(cls.from_number(314), 314.0)
+        eq(cls.from_number(OtherFloatSubclass(3.14)), 3.14)
+        eq(cls.from_number(FloatLike(3.14)), 3.14)
+        eq(cls.from_number(MyIndex(314)), 314.0)
+
+        x = cls.from_number(NAN)
+        self.assertTrue(x != x)
+        self.assertIs(type(x), cls)
+        if cls is float:
+            self.assertIs(cls.from_number(NAN), NAN)
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cls.from_number, '3.14')
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cls.from_number, b'3.14')
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cls.from_number, 3.14j)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cls.from_number, MyInt(314))
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cls.from_number, {})
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cls.from_number)
+
+    def test_from_number_subclass(self):
+        self.test_from_number(FloatSubclass)
+
     def test_is_integer(self):
         self.assertFalse((1.1).is_integer())
         self.assertTrue((1.).is_integer())
@@ -829,7 +863,7 @@ def test_short_repr(self):
             self.assertEqual(repr(float(negs)), str(float(negs)))
 
 @support.requires_IEEE_754
-class RoundTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
+class RoundTestCase(unittest.TestCase, FloatsAreIdenticalMixin):
 
     def test_inf_nan(self):
         self.assertRaises(OverflowError, round, INF)
@@ -859,10 +893,10 @@ def test_large_n(self):
 
     def test_small_n(self):
         for n in [-308, -309, -400, 1-2**31, -2**31, -2**31-1, -2**100]:
-            self.assertEqual(round(123.456, n), 0.0)
-            self.assertEqual(round(-123.456, n), -0.0)
-            self.assertEqual(round(1e300, n), 0.0)
-            self.assertEqual(round(1e-320, n), 0.0)
+            self.assertFloatsAreIdentical(round(123.456, n), 0.0)
+            self.assertFloatsAreIdentical(round(-123.456, n), -0.0)
+            self.assertFloatsAreIdentical(round(1e300, n), 0.0)
+            self.assertFloatsAreIdentical(round(1e-320, n), 0.0)
 
     def test_overflow(self):
         self.assertRaises(OverflowError, round, 1.6e308, -308)
@@ -949,6 +983,7 @@ def test_None_ndigits(self):
             self.assertEqual(x, 2)
             self.assertIsInstance(x, int)
 
+    @support.cpython_only
     def test_round_with_none_arg_direct_call(self):
         for val in [(1.0).__round__(None),
                     round(1.0),
@@ -1059,21 +1094,14 @@ def test_nan_signs(self):
 
 fromHex = float.fromhex
 toHex = float.hex
-class HexFloatTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
+class HexFloatTestCase(FloatsAreIdenticalMixin, unittest.TestCase):
     MAX = fromHex('0x.fffffffffffff8p+1024')  # max normal
     MIN = fromHex('0x1p-1022')                # min normal
     TINY = fromHex('0x0.0000000000001p-1022') # min subnormal
     EPS = fromHex('0x0.0000000000001p0') # diff between 1.0 and next float up
 
     def identical(self, x, y):
-        # check that floats x and y are identical, or that both
-        # are NaNs
-        if isnan(x) or isnan(y):
-            if isnan(x) == isnan(y):
-                return
-        elif x == y and (x != 0.0 or copysign(1.0, x) == copysign(1.0, y)):
-            return
-        self.fail('%r not identical to %r' % (x, y))
+        self.assertFloatsAreIdentical(x, y)
 
     def test_ends(self):
         self.identical(self.MIN, ldexp(1.0, -1022))
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_format.py b/Lib/test/test_format.py
index d2026152d8e747..9dde63e40d06db 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_format.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_format.py
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ def testformat(formatstr, args, output=None, limit=None, overflowok=False):
         # when 'limit' is specified, it determines how many characters
         # must match exactly; lengths must always match.
         # ex: limit=5, '12345678' matches '12345___'
-        # (mainly for floating point format tests for which an exact match
+        # (mainly for floating-point format tests for which an exact match
         # can't be guaranteed due to rounding and representation errors)
         elif output and limit is not None and (
                 len(result)!=len(output) or result[:limit]!=output[:limit]):
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_fractions.py b/Lib/test/test_fractions.py
index 71865f68eb0f12..98dccbec9566ac 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_fractions.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_fractions.py
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 """Tests for Lib/fractions.py."""
 
-import cmath
 from decimal import Decimal
 from test.support import requires_IEEE_754
 import math
@@ -97,7 +96,7 @@ def typed_approx_eq(a, b):
 
 class Symbolic:
     """Simple non-numeric class for testing mixed arithmetic.
-    It is not Integral, Rational, Real or Complex, and cannot be conveted
+    It is not Integral, Rational, Real or Complex, and cannot be converted
     to int, float or complex. but it supports some arithmetic operations.
     """
     def __init__(self, value):
@@ -284,6 +283,13 @@ def __repr__(self):
 class RectComplex(Rect, complex):
     pass
 
+class Ratio:
+    def __init__(self, ratio):
+        self._ratio = ratio
+    def as_integer_ratio(self):
+        return self._ratio
+
+
 class FractionTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def assertTypedEquals(self, expected, actual):
@@ -355,6 +361,38 @@ def testInitFromDecimal(self):
         self.assertRaises(OverflowError, F, Decimal('inf'))
         self.assertRaises(OverflowError, F, Decimal('-inf'))
 
+    def testInitFromIntegerRatio(self):
+        self.assertEqual((7, 3), _components(F(Ratio((7, 3)))))
+        errmsg = (r"argument should be a string or a Rational instance or "
+                  r"have the as_integer_ratio\(\) method")
+        # the type also has an "as_integer_ratio" attribute.
+        self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, errmsg, F, Ratio)
+        # bad ratio
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, F, Ratio(7))
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, F, Ratio((7,)))
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, F, Ratio((7, 3, 1)))
+        # only single-argument form
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, F, Ratio((3, 7)), 11)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, F, 2, Ratio((-10, 9)))
+
+        # as_integer_ratio not defined in a class
+        class A:
+            pass
+        a = A()
+        a.as_integer_ratio = lambda: (9, 5)
+        self.assertEqual((9, 5), _components(F(a)))
+
+        # as_integer_ratio defined in a metaclass
+        class M(type):
+            def as_integer_ratio(self):
+                return (11, 9)
+        class B(metaclass=M):
+            pass
+        self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, errmsg, F, B)
+        self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, errmsg, F, B())
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, F.from_number, B)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, F.from_number, B())
+
     def testFromString(self):
         self.assertEqual((5, 1), _components(F("5")))
         self.assertEqual((3, 2), _components(F("3/2")))
@@ -560,6 +598,37 @@ def testFromDecimal(self):
             ValueError, "cannot convert NaN to integer ratio",
             F.from_decimal, Decimal("snan"))
 
+    def testFromNumber(self, cls=F):
+        def check(arg, numerator, denominator):
+            f = cls.from_number(arg)
+            self.assertIs(type(f), cls)
+            self.assertEqual(f.numerator, numerator)
+            self.assertEqual(f.denominator, denominator)
+
+        check(10, 10, 1)
+        check(2.5, 5, 2)
+        check(Decimal('2.5'), 5, 2)
+        check(F(22, 7), 22, 7)
+        check(DummyFraction(22, 7), 22, 7)
+        check(Rat(22, 7), 22, 7)
+        check(Ratio((22, 7)), 22, 7)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cls.from_number, 3+4j)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cls.from_number, '5/2')
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cls.from_number, [])
+        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, cls.from_number, float('inf'))
+        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, cls.from_number, Decimal('inf'))
+
+        # as_integer_ratio not defined in a class
+        class A:
+            pass
+        a = A()
+        a.as_integer_ratio = lambda: (9, 5)
+        check(a, 9, 5)
+
+    def testFromNumber_subclass(self):
+        self.testFromNumber(DummyFraction)
+
+
     def test_is_integer(self):
         self.assertTrue(F(1, 1).is_integer())
         self.assertTrue(F(-1, 1).is_integer())
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_frame.py b/Lib/test/test_frame.py
index aee8d374b22710..11f191700ccef0 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_frame.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_frame.py
@@ -1,11 +1,9 @@
 import copy
-import gc
 import operator
 import re
 import sys
 import textwrap
 import threading
-import types
 import unittest
 import weakref
 try:
@@ -13,9 +11,11 @@
 except ImportError:
     _testcapi = None
 
+from collections.abc import Mapping
 from test import support
-from test.support import import_helper, threading_helper, Py_GIL_DISABLED
+from test.support import import_helper, threading_helper
 from test.support.script_helper import assert_python_ok
+from test import mapping_tests
 
 
 class ClearTest(unittest.TestCase):
@@ -397,15 +397,41 @@ def test_repr(self):
     def test_delete(self):
         x = 1
         d = sys._getframe().f_locals
-        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+
+        # This needs to be tested before f_extra_locals is created
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(KeyError, 'non_exist'):
+            del d['non_exist']
+
+        with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
+            d.pop('non_exist')
+
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, 'local variables'):
             del d['x']
 
         with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
             d.clear()
 
-        with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
             d.pop('x')
 
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            d.pop('x', None)
+
+        # 'm', 'n' is stored in f_extra_locals
+        d['m'] = 1
+        d['n'] = 1
+
+        with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
+            d.pop('non_exist')
+
+        del d['m']
+        self.assertEqual(d.pop('n'), 1)
+
+        self.assertNotIn('m', d)
+        self.assertNotIn('n', d)
+
+        self.assertEqual(d.pop('n', 2), 2)
+
     @support.cpython_only
     def test_sizeof(self):
         proxy = sys._getframe().f_locals
@@ -420,6 +446,164 @@ def test_unsupport(self):
         with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
             copy.deepcopy(d)
 
+    def test_is_mapping(self):
+        x = 1
+        d = sys._getframe().f_locals
+        self.assertIsInstance(d, Mapping)
+        match d:
+            case {"x": value}:
+                self.assertEqual(value, 1)
+                kind = "mapping"
+            case _:
+                kind = "other"
+        self.assertEqual(kind, "mapping")
+
+    def _x_stringlikes(self):
+        class StringSubclass(str):
+            pass
+
+        class ImpostorX:
+            def __hash__(self):
+                return hash('x')
+
+            def __eq__(self, other):
+                return other == 'x'
+
+        return StringSubclass('x'), ImpostorX(), 'x'
+
+    def test_proxy_key_stringlikes_overwrite(self):
+        def f(obj):
+            x = 1
+            proxy = sys._getframe().f_locals
+            proxy[obj] = 2
+            return (
+                list(proxy.keys()),
+                dict(proxy),
+                proxy
+            )
+
+        for obj in self._x_stringlikes():
+            with self.subTest(cls=type(obj).__name__):
+
+                keys_snapshot, proxy_snapshot, proxy = f(obj)
+                expected_keys = ['obj', 'x', 'proxy']
+                expected_dict = {'obj': 'x', 'x': 2, 'proxy': proxy}
+                self.assertEqual(proxy.keys(),  expected_keys)
+                self.assertEqual(proxy, expected_dict)
+                self.assertEqual(keys_snapshot,  expected_keys)
+                self.assertEqual(proxy_snapshot, expected_dict)
+
+    def test_proxy_key_stringlikes_ftrst_write(self):
+        def f(obj):
+            proxy = sys._getframe().f_locals
+            proxy[obj] = 2
+            self.assertEqual(x, 2)
+            x = 1
+
+        for obj in self._x_stringlikes():
+            with self.subTest(cls=type(obj).__name__):
+                f(obj)
+
+    def test_proxy_key_unhashables(self):
+        class StringSubclass(str):
+            __hash__ = None
+
+        class ObjectSubclass:
+            __hash__ = None
+
+        proxy = sys._getframe().f_locals
+
+        for obj in StringSubclass('x'), ObjectSubclass():
+            with self.subTest(cls=type(obj).__name__):
+                with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+                    proxy[obj]
+                with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+                    proxy[obj] = 0
+
+    def test_constructor(self):
+        FrameLocalsProxy = type([sys._getframe().f_locals
+                                 for x in range(1)][0])
+        self.assertEqual(FrameLocalsProxy.__name__, 'FrameLocalsProxy')
+
+        def make_frame():
+            x = 1
+            y = 2
+            return sys._getframe()
+
+        proxy = FrameLocalsProxy(make_frame())
+        self.assertEqual(proxy, {'x': 1, 'y': 2})
+
+        # constructor expects 1 frame argument
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            FrameLocalsProxy()     # no arguments
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            FrameLocalsProxy(123)  # wrong type
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            FrameLocalsProxy(frame=sys._getframe())  # no keyword arguments
+
+
+class FrameLocalsProxyMappingTests(mapping_tests.TestHashMappingProtocol):
+    """Test that FrameLocalsProxy behaves like a Mapping (with exceptions)"""
+
+    def _f(*args, **kwargs):
+        def _f():
+            return sys._getframe().f_locals
+        return _f()
+    type2test = _f
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(True, 'Locals proxies for different frames never compare as equal')
+    def test_constructor(self):
+        pass
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(True, 'Unlike a mapping: del proxy[key] fails')
+    def test_write(self):
+        pass
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(True, 'Unlike a mapping: no proxy.popitem')
+    def test_popitem(self):
+        pass
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(True, 'Unlike a mapping: no proxy.pop')
+    def test_pop(self):
+        pass
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(True, 'Unlike a mapping: no proxy.clear')
+    def test_clear(self):
+        pass
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(True, 'Unlike a mapping: no proxy.fromkeys')
+    def test_fromkeys(self):
+        pass
+
+    # no del
+    def test_getitem(self):
+        mapping_tests.BasicTestMappingProtocol.test_getitem(self)
+        d = self._full_mapping({'a': 1, 'b': 2})
+        self.assertEqual(d['a'], 1)
+        self.assertEqual(d['b'], 2)
+        d['c'] = 3
+        d['a'] = 4
+        self.assertEqual(d['c'], 3)
+        self.assertEqual(d['a'], 4)
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(True, 'Unlike a mapping: no proxy.update')
+    def test_update(self):
+        pass
+
+    # proxy.copy returns a regular dict
+    def test_copy(self):
+        d = self._full_mapping({1:1, 2:2, 3:3})
+        self.assertEqual(d.copy(), {1:1, 2:2, 3:3})
+        d = self._empty_mapping()
+        self.assertEqual(d.copy(), d)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, d.copy, None)
+
+        self.assertIsInstance(d.copy(), dict)
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(True, 'Locals proxies for different frames never compare as equal')
+    def test_eq(self):
+        pass
+
 
 class TestFrameCApi(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_basic(self):
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_free_threading/__init__.py b/Lib/test/test_free_threading/__init__.py
index 9a89d27ba9f979..34e1ad30e11097 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_free_threading/__init__.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_free_threading/__init__.py
@@ -1,7 +1,11 @@
 import os
+import unittest
 
 from test import support
 
 
+if not support.Py_GIL_DISABLED:
+    raise unittest.SkipTest("GIL enabled")
+
 def load_tests(*args):
     return support.load_package_tests(os.path.dirname(__file__), *args)
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_free_threading/test_dict.py b/Lib/test/test_free_threading/test_dict.py
index f877582e6b565c..80daf0d9cae9e0 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_free_threading/test_dict.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_free_threading/test_dict.py
@@ -8,7 +8,10 @@
 from threading import Thread
 from unittest import TestCase
 
-from _testcapi import dict_version
+try:
+    import _testcapi
+except ImportError:
+    _testcapi = None
 
 from test.support import threading_helper
 
@@ -139,39 +142,6 @@ def writer_func(l):
             for ref in thread_list:
                 self.assertIsNone(ref())
 
-    def test_dict_version(self):
-        THREAD_COUNT = 10
-        DICT_COUNT = 10000
-        lists = []
-        writers = []
-
-        def writer_func(thread_list):
-            for i in range(DICT_COUNT):
-                thread_list.append(dict_version({}))
-
-        for x in range(THREAD_COUNT):
-            thread_list = []
-            lists.append(thread_list)
-            writer = Thread(target=partial(writer_func, thread_list))
-            writers.append(writer)
-
-        for writer in writers:
-            writer.start()
-
-        for writer in writers:
-            writer.join()
-
-        total_len = 0
-        values = set()
-        for thread_list in lists:
-            for v in thread_list:
-                if v in values:
-                    print('dup', v, (v/4096)%256)
-                values.add(v)
-            total_len += len(thread_list)
-        versions = set(dict_version for thread_list in lists for dict_version in thread_list)
-        self.assertEqual(len(versions), THREAD_COUNT*DICT_COUNT)
-
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_free_threading/test_gc.py b/Lib/test/test_free_threading/test_gc.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..401067fe9c612c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/test_free_threading/test_gc.py
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+import unittest
+
+import threading
+from threading import Thread
+from unittest import TestCase
+import gc
+
+from test.support import threading_helper
+
+
+class MyObj:
+    pass
+
+
+@threading_helper.requires_working_threading()
+class TestGC(TestCase):
+    def test_get_objects(self):
+        event = threading.Event()
+
+        def gc_thread():
+            for i in range(100):
+                o = gc.get_objects()
+            event.set()
+
+        def mutator_thread():
+            while not event.is_set():
+                o1 = MyObj()
+                o2 = MyObj()
+                o3 = MyObj()
+                o4 = MyObj()
+
+        gcs = [Thread(target=gc_thread)]
+        mutators = [Thread(target=mutator_thread) for _ in range(4)]
+        with threading_helper.start_threads(gcs + mutators):
+            pass
+
+    def test_get_referrers(self):
+        event = threading.Event()
+
+        obj = MyObj()
+
+        def gc_thread():
+            for i in range(100):
+                o = gc.get_referrers(obj)
+            event.set()
+
+        def mutator_thread():
+            while not event.is_set():
+                d1 = { "key": obj }
+                d2 = { "key": obj }
+                d3 = { "key": obj }
+                d4 = { "key": obj }
+
+        gcs = [Thread(target=gc_thread) for _ in range(2)]
+        mutators = [Thread(target=mutator_thread) for _ in range(4)]
+        with threading_helper.start_threads(gcs + mutators):
+            pass
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_free_threading/test_list.py b/Lib/test/test_free_threading/test_list.py
index 6ad806d67a80ed..a705161369e8dd 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_free_threading/test_list.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_free_threading/test_list.py
@@ -6,6 +6,10 @@
 from test.support import threading_helper
 
 
+NTHREAD = 10
+OBJECT_COUNT = 5_000
+
+
 class C:
     def __init__(self, v):
         self.v = v
@@ -14,9 +18,7 @@ def __init__(self, v):
 @threading_helper.requires_working_threading()
 class TestList(TestCase):
     def test_racing_iter_append(self):
-
         l = []
-        OBJECT_COUNT = 10000
 
         def writer_func():
             for i in range(OBJECT_COUNT):
@@ -32,7 +34,7 @@ def reader_func():
 
         writer = Thread(target=writer_func)
         readers = []
-        for x in range(30):
+        for x in range(NTHREAD):
             reader = Thread(target=reader_func)
             readers.append(reader)
             reader.start()
@@ -43,37 +45,31 @@ def reader_func():
             reader.join()
 
     def test_racing_iter_extend(self):
-        iters = [
-            lambda x: [x],
-        ]
-        for iter_case in iters:
-            with self.subTest(iter=iter_case):
-                l = []
-                OBJECT_COUNT = 10000
-
-                def writer_func():
-                    for i in range(OBJECT_COUNT):
-                        l.extend(iter_case(C(i + OBJECT_COUNT)))
-
-                def reader_func():
-                    while True:
-                        count = len(l)
-                        for i, x in enumerate(l):
-                            self.assertEqual(x.v, i + OBJECT_COUNT)
-                        if count == OBJECT_COUNT:
-                            break
-
-                writer = Thread(target=writer_func)
-                readers = []
-                for x in range(30):
-                    reader = Thread(target=reader_func)
-                    readers.append(reader)
-                    reader.start()
-
-                writer.start()
-                writer.join()
-                for reader in readers:
-                    reader.join()
+        l = []
+
+        def writer_func():
+            for i in range(OBJECT_COUNT):
+                l.extend([C(i + OBJECT_COUNT)])
+
+        def reader_func():
+            while True:
+                count = len(l)
+                for i, x in enumerate(l):
+                    self.assertEqual(x.v, i + OBJECT_COUNT)
+                if count == OBJECT_COUNT:
+                    break
+
+        writer = Thread(target=writer_func)
+        readers = []
+        for x in range(NTHREAD):
+            reader = Thread(target=reader_func)
+            readers.append(reader)
+            reader.start()
+
+        writer.start()
+        writer.join()
+        for reader in readers:
+            reader.join()
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_free_threading/test_monitoring.py b/Lib/test/test_free_threading/test_monitoring.py
index 3a3f1ba3b605d6..8fec01715531cb 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_free_threading/test_monitoring.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_free_threading/test_monitoring.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 """Tests monitoring, sys.settrace, and sys.setprofile in a multi-threaded
-environmenet to verify things are thread-safe in a free-threaded build"""
+environment to verify things are thread-safe in a free-threaded build"""
 
 import sys
 import time
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 class InstrumentationMultiThreadedMixin:
     thread_count = 10
-    func_count = 200
+    func_count = 50
     fib = 12
 
     def after_threads(self):
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ def work(self, n, funcs):
     def start_work(self, n, funcs):
         # With the GIL builds we need to make sure that the hooks have
         # a chance to run as it's possible to run w/o releasing the GIL.
-        time.sleep(1)
+        time.sleep(0.1)
         self.work(n, funcs)
 
     def after_test(self):
@@ -223,23 +223,26 @@ def trace(frame, event, arg):
             frame.f_trace_opcodes = True
             return trace
 
+        loops = 1_000
+
         sys.settrace(trace)
         try:
             l = _PyRLock()
 
             def f():
-                for i in range(3000):
+                for i in range(loops):
                     with l:
                         pass
 
             t = Thread(target=f)
             t.start()
-            for i in range(3000):
+            for i in range(loops):
                 with l:
                     pass
             t.join()
         finally:
             sys.settrace(None)
 
+
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_free_threading/test_slots.py b/Lib/test/test_free_threading/test_slots.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..758f74f54d0b56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/test_free_threading/test_slots.py
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+import threading
+from test.support import threading_helper
+from unittest import TestCase
+
+
+def run_in_threads(targets):
+    """Run `targets` in separate threads"""
+    threads = [
+        threading.Thread(target=target)
+        for target in targets
+    ]
+    for thread in threads:
+        thread.start()
+    for thread in threads:
+        thread.join()
+
+
+@threading_helper.requires_working_threading()
+class TestSlots(TestCase):
+
+    def test_object(self):
+        class Spam:
+            __slots__ = [
+                "eggs",
+            ]
+
+            def __init__(self, initial_value):
+                self.eggs = initial_value
+
+        spam = Spam(0)
+        iters = 20_000
+
+        def writer():
+            for _ in range(iters):
+                spam.eggs += 1
+
+        def reader():
+            for _ in range(iters):
+                eggs = spam.eggs
+                assert type(eggs) is int
+                assert 0 <= eggs <= iters
+
+        run_in_threads([writer, reader, reader, reader])
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_free_threading/test_str.py b/Lib/test/test_free_threading/test_str.py
index f5e93b7de0aa9b..72044e979b0f48 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_free_threading/test_str.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_free_threading/test_str.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import sys
 import unittest
 
 from itertools import cycle
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_free_threading/test_tokenize.py b/Lib/test/test_free_threading/test_tokenize.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..860cfec4d710f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/test_free_threading/test_tokenize.py
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+import io
+import time
+import unittest
+import tokenize
+from functools import partial
+from threading import Thread
+
+from test.support import threading_helper
+
+
+@threading_helper.requires_working_threading()
+class TestTokenize(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_tokenizer_iter(self):
+        source = io.StringIO("for _ in a:\n  pass")
+        it = tokenize._tokenize.TokenizerIter(source.readline, extra_tokens=False)
+
+        tokens = []
+        def next_token(it):
+            while True:
+                try:
+                    r = next(it)
+                    tokens.append(tokenize.TokenInfo._make(r))
+                    time.sleep(0.03)
+                except StopIteration:
+                    return
+
+        threads = []
+        for _ in range(5):
+            threads.append(Thread(target=partial(next_token, it)))
+
+        for thread in threads:
+            thread.start()
+
+        for thread in threads:
+            thread.join()
+
+        expected_tokens = [
+            tokenize.TokenInfo(type=1, string='for', start=(1, 0), end=(1, 3), line='for _ in a:\n'),
+            tokenize.TokenInfo(type=1, string='_', start=(1, 4), end=(1, 5), line='for _ in a:\n'),
+            tokenize.TokenInfo(type=1, string='in', start=(1, 6), end=(1, 8), line='for _ in a:\n'),
+            tokenize.TokenInfo(type=1, string='a', start=(1, 9), end=(1, 10), line='for _ in a:\n'),
+            tokenize.TokenInfo(type=11, string=':', start=(1, 10), end=(1, 11), line='for _ in a:\n'),
+            tokenize.TokenInfo(type=4, string='', start=(1, 11), end=(1, 11), line='for _ in a:\n'),
+            tokenize.TokenInfo(type=5, string='', start=(2, -1), end=(2, -1), line='  pass'),
+            tokenize.TokenInfo(type=1, string='pass', start=(2, 2), end=(2, 6), line='  pass'),
+            tokenize.TokenInfo(type=4, string='', start=(2, 6), end=(2, 6), line='  pass'),
+            tokenize.TokenInfo(type=6, string='', start=(2, -1), end=(2, -1), line='  pass'),
+            tokenize.TokenInfo(type=0, string='', start=(2, -1), end=(2, -1), line='  pass'),
+        ]
+
+        tokens.sort()
+        expected_tokens.sort()
+        self.assertListEqual(tokens, expected_tokens)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_free_threading/test_type.py b/Lib/test/test_free_threading/test_type.py
index 6eead198deed46..51463b6bb8c1b4 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_free_threading/test_type.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_free_threading/test_type.py
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
+import threading
 import unittest
 
 from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
 from threading import Thread
 from unittest import TestCase
 
-from test.support import threading_helper, import_helper
+from test.support import threading_helper
 
 
 
@@ -95,6 +96,34 @@ def reader_func():
 
         self.run_one(writer_func, reader_func)
 
+    def test___class___modification(self):
+        loops = 200
+
+        class Foo:
+            pass
+
+        class Bar:
+            pass
+
+        thing = Foo()
+        def work():
+            foo = thing
+            for _ in range(loops):
+                foo.__class__ = Bar
+                type(foo)
+                foo.__class__ = Foo
+                type(foo)
+
+
+        threads = []
+        for i in range(NTHREADS):
+            thread = threading.Thread(target=work)
+            thread.start()
+            threads.append(thread)
+
+        for thread in threads:
+            thread.join()
+
     def run_one(self, writer_func, reader_func):
         writer = Thread(target=writer_func)
         readers = []
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_free_threading/test_zip.py b/Lib/test/test_free_threading/test_zip.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..b4c5837b1d8936
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/test_free_threading/test_zip.py
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+import unittest
+from threading import Thread
+
+from test.support import threading_helper
+
+
+class ZipThreading(unittest.TestCase):
+    @staticmethod
+    def work(enum):
+        while True:
+            try:
+                next(enum)
+            except StopIteration:
+                break
+
+    @threading_helper.reap_threads
+    @threading_helper.requires_working_threading()
+    def test_threading(self):
+        number_of_threads = 8
+        number_of_iterations = 8
+        n = 40_000
+        enum = zip(range(n), range(n))
+        for _ in range(number_of_iterations):
+            worker_threads = []
+            for ii in range(number_of_threads):
+                worker_threads.append(
+                    Thread(
+                        target=self.work,
+                        args=[
+                            enum,
+                        ],
+                    )
+                )
+            for t in worker_threads:
+                t.start()
+            for t in worker_threads:
+                t.join()
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_fstring.py b/Lib/test/test_fstring.py
index 27c7f70cef32e3..c359f2ecce01f1 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_fstring.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_fstring.py
@@ -8,13 +8,13 @@
 # Unicode identifiers in tests is allowed by PEP 3131.
 
 import ast
+import datetime
 import dis
 import os
 import re
 import types
 import decimal
 import unittest
-import warnings
 from test import support
 from test.support.os_helper import temp_cwd
 from test.support.script_helper import assert_python_failure, assert_python_ok
@@ -744,13 +744,13 @@ def test_comments(self):
 }''', 'A complex trick: 2')
         self.assertEqual(f'''
 {
-40 # fourty
+40 # forty
 +  # plus
 2  # two
 }''', '\n42')
         self.assertEqual(f'''
 {
-40 # fourty
+40 # forty
 +  # plus
 2  # two
 }''', '\n42')
@@ -896,6 +896,7 @@ def test_missing_expression(self):
                              "f'{:2}'",
                              "f'''{\t\f\r\n:a}'''",
                              "f'{:'",
+                             "F'{[F'{:'}[F'{:'}]]]",
                              ])
 
         self.assertAllRaise(SyntaxError,
@@ -1602,6 +1603,12 @@ def f(a):
         self.assertEqual(f'{f(a=4)}', '3=')
         self.assertEqual(x, 4)
 
+        # Check debug expressions in format spec
+        y = 20
+        self.assertEqual(f"{2:{y=}}", "yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy2")
+        self.assertEqual(f"{datetime.datetime.now():h1{y=}h2{y=}h3{y=}}",
+                         'h1y=20h2y=20h3y=20')
+
         # Make sure __format__ is being called.
         class C:
             def __format__(self, s):
@@ -1615,9 +1622,11 @@ def __repr__(self):
         self.assertEqual(f'{C()=: }', 'C()=FORMAT- ')
         self.assertEqual(f'{C()=:x}', 'C()=FORMAT-x')
         self.assertEqual(f'{C()=!r:*^20}', 'C()=********REPR********')
+        self.assertEqual(f"{C():{20=}}", 'FORMAT-20=20')
 
         self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, eval, "f'{C=]'")
 
+
         # Make sure leading and following text works.
         x = 'foo'
         self.assertEqual(f'X{x=}Y', 'Xx='+repr(x)+'Y')
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_funcattrs.py b/Lib/test/test_funcattrs.py
index b3fc5ad42e7fde..d919d62613ea7c 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_funcattrs.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_funcattrs.py
@@ -98,7 +98,12 @@ def test___globals__(self):
                              (AttributeError, TypeError))
 
     def test___builtins__(self):
-        self.assertIs(self.b.__builtins__, __builtins__)
+        if __name__ == "__main__":
+            builtins_dict = __builtins__.__dict__
+        else:
+            builtins_dict = __builtins__
+
+        self.assertIs(self.b.__builtins__, builtins_dict)
         self.cannot_set_attr(self.b, '__builtins__', 2,
                              (AttributeError, TypeError))
 
@@ -108,7 +113,7 @@ def func(s): return len(s)
         ns = {}
         func2 = type(func)(func.__code__, ns)
         self.assertIs(func2.__globals__, ns)
-        self.assertIs(func2.__builtins__, __builtins__)
+        self.assertIs(func2.__builtins__, builtins_dict)
 
         # Make sure that the function actually works.
         self.assertEqual(func2("abc"), 3)
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_functools.py b/Lib/test/test_functools.py
index c70f4a822d7be2..3a450622694ccb 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_functools.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_functools.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 from itertools import permutations
 import pickle
 from random import choice
+import re
 import sys
 from test import support
 import threading
@@ -210,6 +211,51 @@ def foo(bar):
         p2.new_attr = 'spam'
         self.assertEqual(p2.new_attr, 'spam')
 
+    def test_placeholders_trailing_raise(self):
+        PH = self.module.Placeholder
+        for args in [(PH,), (0, PH), (0, PH, 1, PH, PH, PH)]:
+            with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+                self.partial(capture, *args)
+
+    def test_placeholders(self):
+        PH = self.module.Placeholder
+        # 1 Placeholder
+        args = (PH, 0)
+        p = self.partial(capture, *args)
+        actual_args, actual_kwds = p('x')
+        self.assertEqual(actual_args, ('x', 0))
+        self.assertEqual(actual_kwds, {})
+        # 2 Placeholders
+        args = (PH, 0, PH, 1)
+        p = self.partial(capture, *args)
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            p('x')
+        actual_args, actual_kwds = p('x', 'y')
+        self.assertEqual(actual_args, ('x', 0, 'y', 1))
+        self.assertEqual(actual_kwds, {})
+
+    def test_placeholders_optimization(self):
+        PH = self.module.Placeholder
+        p = self.partial(capture, PH, 0)
+        p2 = self.partial(p, PH, 1, 2, 3)
+        self.assertEqual(p2.args, (PH, 0, 1, 2, 3))
+        p3 = self.partial(p2, -1, 4)
+        actual_args, actual_kwds = p3(5)
+        self.assertEqual(actual_args, (-1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5))
+        self.assertEqual(actual_kwds, {})
+        # inner partial has placeholders and outer partial has no args case
+        p = self.partial(capture, PH, 0)
+        p2 = self.partial(p)
+        self.assertEqual(p2.args, (PH, 0))
+        self.assertEqual(p2(1), ((1, 0), {}))
+
+    def test_construct_placeholder_singleton(self):
+        PH = self.module.Placeholder
+        tp = type(PH)
+        self.assertIs(tp(), PH)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, tp, 1, 2)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, tp, a=1, b=2)
+
     def test_repr(self):
         args = (object(), object())
         args_repr = ', '.join(repr(a) for a in args)
@@ -311,6 +357,23 @@ def test_setstate(self):
         self.assertEqual(f(2), ((2,), {}))
         self.assertEqual(f(), ((), {}))
 
+        # Set State with placeholders
+        PH = self.module.Placeholder
+        f = self.partial(signature)
+        f.__setstate__((capture, (PH, 1), dict(a=10), dict(attr=[])))
+        self.assertEqual(signature(f), (capture, (PH, 1), dict(a=10), dict(attr=[])))
+        msg_regex = re.escape("missing positional arguments in 'partial' call; "
+                              "expected at least 1, got 0")
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, f'^{msg_regex}$') as cm:
+            f()
+        self.assertEqual(f(2), ((2, 1), dict(a=10)))
+
+        # Trailing Placeholder error
+        f = self.partial(signature)
+        msg_regex = re.escape("trailing Placeholders are not allowed")
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, f'^{msg_regex}$') as cm:
+            f.__setstate__((capture, (1, PH), dict(a=10), dict(attr=[])))
+
     def test_setstate_errors(self):
         f = self.partial(signature)
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, f.__setstate__, (capture, (), {}))
@@ -395,6 +458,21 @@ def __getitem__(self, key):
         f = self.partial(object)
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, f.__setstate__, BadSequence())
 
+    def test_partial_as_method(self):
+        class A:
+            meth = self.partial(capture, 1, a=2)
+            cmeth = classmethod(self.partial(capture, 1, a=2))
+            smeth = staticmethod(self.partial(capture, 1, a=2))
+
+        a = A()
+        self.assertEqual(A.meth(3, b=4), ((1, 3), {'a': 2, 'b': 4}))
+        self.assertEqual(A.cmeth(3, b=4), ((1, A, 3), {'a': 2, 'b': 4}))
+        self.assertEqual(A.smeth(3, b=4), ((1, 3), {'a': 2, 'b': 4}))
+        self.assertEqual(a.meth(3, b=4), ((1, a, 3), {'a': 2, 'b': 4}))
+        self.assertEqual(a.cmeth(3, b=4), ((1, A, 3), {'a': 2, 'b': 4}))
+        self.assertEqual(a.smeth(3, b=4), ((1, 3), {'a': 2, 'b': 4}))
+
+
 @unittest.skipUnless(c_functools, 'requires the C _functools module')
 class TestPartialC(TestPartial, unittest.TestCase):
     if c_functools:
@@ -441,6 +519,19 @@ def __str__(self):
         self.assertIn('astr', r)
         self.assertIn("['sth']", r)
 
+    def test_placeholders_refcount_smoke(self):
+        PH = self.module.Placeholder
+        # sum supports vector call
+        lst1, start = [], []
+        sum_lists = self.partial(sum, PH, start)
+        for i in range(10):
+            sum_lists([lst1, lst1])
+        # collections.ChainMap initializer does not support vectorcall
+        map1, map2 = {}, {}
+        partial_cm = self.partial(collections.ChainMap, PH, map1)
+        for i in range(10):
+            partial_cm(map2, map2)
+
 
 class TestPartialPy(TestPartial, unittest.TestCase):
     module = py_functools
@@ -465,6 +556,19 @@ class TestPartialCSubclass(TestPartialC):
 class TestPartialPySubclass(TestPartialPy):
     partial = PyPartialSubclass
 
+    def test_subclass_optimization(self):
+        # `partial` input to `partial` subclass
+        p = py_functools.partial(min, 2)
+        p2 = self.partial(p, 1)
+        self.assertIs(p2.func, min)
+        self.assertEqual(p2(0), 0)
+        # `partial` subclass input to `partial` subclass
+        p = self.partial(min, 2)
+        p2 = self.partial(p, 1)
+        self.assertIs(p2.func, min)
+        self.assertEqual(p2(0), 0)
+
+
 class TestPartialMethod(unittest.TestCase):
 
     class A(object):
@@ -569,6 +673,14 @@ class B:
                 method = functools.partialmethod(func=capture, a=1)
 
     def test_repr(self):
+        self.assertEqual(repr(vars(self.A)['nothing']),
+                         'functools.partialmethod({})'.format(capture))
+        self.assertEqual(repr(vars(self.A)['positional']),
+                         'functools.partialmethod({}, 1)'.format(capture))
+        self.assertEqual(repr(vars(self.A)['keywords']),
+                         'functools.partialmethod({}, a=2)'.format(capture))
+        self.assertEqual(repr(vars(self.A)['spec_keywords']),
+                         'functools.partialmethod({}, self=1, func=2)'.format(capture))
         self.assertEqual(repr(vars(self.A)['both']),
                          'functools.partialmethod({}, 3, b=4)'.format(capture))
 
@@ -594,6 +706,20 @@ def f(a, b, /):
         p = functools.partial(f, 1)
         self.assertEqual(p(2), f(1, 2))
 
+    def test_subclass_optimization(self):
+        class PartialMethodSubclass(functools.partialmethod):
+            pass
+        # `partialmethod` input to `partialmethod` subclass
+        p = functools.partialmethod(min, 2)
+        p2 = PartialMethodSubclass(p, 1)
+        self.assertIs(p2.func, min)
+        self.assertEqual(p2.__get__(0)(), 0)
+        # `partialmethod` subclass input to `partialmethod` subclass
+        p = PartialMethodSubclass(min, 2)
+        p2 = PartialMethodSubclass(p, 1)
+        self.assertIs(p2.func, min)
+        self.assertEqual(p2.__get__(0)(), 0)
+
 
 class TestUpdateWrapper(unittest.TestCase):
 
@@ -718,6 +844,26 @@ def wrapper(*args): pass
         self.assertEqual(wrapper.__annotations__, {})
         self.assertEqual(wrapper.__type_params__, ())
 
+    def test_update_wrapper_annotations(self):
+        def inner(x: int): pass
+        def wrapper(*args): pass
+
+        functools.update_wrapper(wrapper, inner)
+        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__annotations__, {'x': int})
+        self.assertIs(wrapper.__annotate__, inner.__annotate__)
+
+        def with_forward_ref(x: undefined): pass
+        def wrapper(*args): pass
+
+        functools.update_wrapper(wrapper, with_forward_ref)
+
+        self.assertIs(wrapper.__annotate__, with_forward_ref.__annotate__)
+        with self.assertRaises(NameError):
+            wrapper.__annotations__
+
+        undefined = str
+        self.assertEqual(wrapper.__annotations__, {'x': undefined})
+
 
 class TestWraps(TestUpdateWrapper):
 
@@ -1846,7 +1992,6 @@ def f():
             return 1
         self.assertEqual(f.cache_parameters(), {'maxsize': 1000, "typed": True})
 
-    @support.suppress_immortalization()
     def test_lru_cache_weakrefable(self):
         @self.module.lru_cache
         def test_function(x):
@@ -3036,6 +3181,27 @@ def _(arg: typing.List[float] | bytes):
         self.assertEqual(f(""), "default")
         self.assertEqual(f(b""), "default")
 
+    def test_forward_reference(self):
+        @functools.singledispatch
+        def f(arg, arg2=None):
+            return "default"
+
+        @f.register
+        def _(arg: str, arg2: undefined = None):
+            return "forward reference"
+
+        self.assertEqual(f(1), "default")
+        self.assertEqual(f(""), "forward reference")
+
+    def test_unresolved_forward_reference(self):
+        @functools.singledispatch
+        def f(arg):
+            return "default"
+
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "is an unresolved forward reference"):
+            @f.register
+            def _(arg: undefined):
+                return "forward reference"
 
 class CachedCostItem:
     _cost = 1
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_future_stmt/nested_scope.py b/Lib/test/test_future_stmt/nested_scope.py
index 3d7fc860a37655..a8433a42cbb6b0 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_future_stmt/nested_scope.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_future_stmt/nested_scope.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 """This is a test"""
 
-from __future__ import nested_scopes; import site
+from __future__ import nested_scopes; import site  # noqa: F401
 
 def f(x):
     def g(y):
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_future_stmt/test_future.py b/Lib/test/test_future_stmt/test_future.py
index bb31d0a0023fad..44512e0101dac0 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_future_stmt/test_future.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_future_stmt/test_future.py
@@ -67,19 +67,19 @@ def test_future_single_import(self):
         with import_helper.CleanImport(
             'test.test_future_stmt.test_future_single_import',
         ):
-            from test.test_future_stmt import test_future_single_import
+            from test.test_future_stmt import test_future_single_import  # noqa: F401
 
     def test_future_multiple_imports(self):
         with import_helper.CleanImport(
             'test.test_future_stmt.test_future_multiple_imports',
         ):
-            from test.test_future_stmt import test_future_multiple_imports
+            from test.test_future_stmt import test_future_multiple_imports  # noqa: F401
 
     def test_future_multiple_features(self):
         with import_helper.CleanImport(
             "test.test_future_stmt.test_future_multiple_features",
         ):
-            from test.test_future_stmt import test_future_multiple_features
+            from test.test_future_stmt import test_future_multiple_features  # noqa: F401
 
     def test_unknown_future_flag(self):
         code = """
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ def test_future_import_braces(self):
 
     def test_module_with_future_import_not_on_top(self):
         with self.assertRaises(SyntaxError) as cm:
-            from test.test_future_stmt import badsyntax_future
+            from test.test_future_stmt import badsyntax_future  # noqa: F401
         self.check_syntax_error(cm.exception, "badsyntax_future", lineno=3)
 
     def test_ensure_flags_dont_clash(self):
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_gc.py b/Lib/test/test_gc.py
index 906f9884d6792f..2b3c0d3baddeaf 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_gc.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_gc.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 from test import support
 from test.support import (verbose, refcount_test,
                           cpython_only, requires_subprocess,
-                          requires_gil_enabled, suppress_immortalization,
+                          requires_gil_enabled,
                           Py_GIL_DISABLED)
 from test.support.import_helper import import_module
 from test.support.os_helper import temp_dir, TESTFN, unlink
@@ -110,7 +110,6 @@ def test_tuple(self):
         del l
         self.assertEqual(gc.collect(), 2)
 
-    @suppress_immortalization()
     def test_class(self):
         class A:
             pass
@@ -119,7 +118,6 @@ class A:
         del A
         self.assertNotEqual(gc.collect(), 0)
 
-    @suppress_immortalization()
     def test_newstyleclass(self):
         class A(object):
             pass
@@ -136,7 +134,6 @@ class A:
         del a
         self.assertNotEqual(gc.collect(), 0)
 
-    @suppress_immortalization()
     def test_newinstance(self):
         class A(object):
             pass
@@ -223,7 +220,6 @@ class B(object):
             self.fail("didn't find obj in garbage (finalizer)")
         gc.garbage.remove(obj)
 
-    @suppress_immortalization()
     def test_function(self):
         # Tricky: f -> d -> f, code should call d.clear() after the exec to
         # break the cycle.
@@ -566,7 +562,6 @@ def test_get_referents(self):
 
         self.assertEqual(gc.get_referents(1, 'a', 4j), [])
 
-    @suppress_immortalization()
     def test_is_tracked(self):
         # Atomic built-in types are not tracked, user-defined objects and
         # mutable containers are.
@@ -604,9 +599,7 @@ class UserFloatSlots(float):
         class UserIntSlots(int):
             __slots__ = ()
 
-        if not Py_GIL_DISABLED:
-            # gh-117783: modules may be immortalized in free-threaded build
-            self.assertTrue(gc.is_tracked(gc))
+        self.assertTrue(gc.is_tracked(gc))
         self.assertTrue(gc.is_tracked(UserClass))
         self.assertTrue(gc.is_tracked(UserClass()))
         self.assertTrue(gc.is_tracked(UserInt()))
@@ -1048,6 +1041,47 @@ class Z:
         callback.assert_not_called()
         gc.enable()
 
+    @cpython_only
+    def test_get_referents_on_capsule(self):
+        # gh-124538: Calling gc.get_referents() on an untracked capsule must not crash.
+        import _datetime
+        import _socket
+        untracked_capsule = _datetime.datetime_CAPI
+        tracked_capsule = _socket.CAPI
+
+        # For whoever sees this in the future: if this is failing
+        # after making datetime's capsule tracked, that's fine -- this isn't something
+        # users are relying on. Just find a different capsule that is untracked.
+        self.assertFalse(gc.is_tracked(untracked_capsule))
+        self.assertTrue(gc.is_tracked(tracked_capsule))
+
+        self.assertEqual(len(gc.get_referents(untracked_capsule)), 0)
+        gc.get_referents(tracked_capsule)
+
+    @cpython_only
+    def test_get_objects_during_gc(self):
+        # gh-125859: Calling gc.get_objects() or gc.get_referrers() during a
+        # collection should not crash.
+        test = self
+        collected = False
+
+        class GetObjectsOnDel:
+            def __del__(self):
+                nonlocal collected
+                collected = True
+                objs = gc.get_objects()
+                # NB: can't use "in" here because some objects override __eq__
+                for obj in objs:
+                    test.assertTrue(obj is not self)
+                test.assertEqual(gc.get_referrers(self), [])
+
+        obj = GetObjectsOnDel()
+        obj.cycle = obj
+        del obj
+
+        gc.collect()
+        self.assertTrue(collected)
+
 
 class IncrementalGCTests(unittest.TestCase):
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_gdb/__init__.py b/Lib/test/test_gdb/__init__.py
index 99557739af6748..0dd721780233e6 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_gdb/__init__.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_gdb/__init__.py
@@ -24,6 +24,9 @@
 if support.check_cflags_pgo():
     raise unittest.SkipTest("test_gdb is not reliable on PGO builds")
 
+if support.check_bolt_optimized():
+    raise unittest.SkipTest("test_gdb is not reliable on BOLT optimized builds")
+
 
 def load_tests(*args):
     return support.load_package_tests(os.path.dirname(__file__), *args)
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_generated_cases.py b/Lib/test/test_generated_cases.py
index 41eeb9c0705741..95813e1e32c7af 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_generated_cases.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_generated_cases.py
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ def skip_if_different_mount_drives():
 with test_tools.imports_under_tool("cases_generator"):
     from analyzer import StackItem
     import parser
-    from stack import Stack
+    from stack import Local, Stack
     import tier1_generator
     import optimizer_generator
 
@@ -60,9 +60,9 @@ def test_effect_sizes(self):
         stack.pop(y)
         stack.pop(x)
         for out in outputs:
-            stack.push(out)
-        self.assertEqual(stack.base_offset.to_c(), "-1 - oparg*2 - oparg")
-        self.assertEqual(stack.top_offset.to_c(), "1 - oparg*2 - oparg + oparg*4")
+            stack.push(Local.undefined(out))
+        self.assertEqual(stack.base_offset.to_c(), "-1 - oparg - oparg*2")
+        self.assertEqual(stack.top_offset.to_c(), "1 - oparg - oparg*2 + oparg*4")
 
 
 class TestGeneratedCases(unittest.TestCase):
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ def run_cases_test(self, input: str, expected: str):
     def test_inst_no_args(self):
         input = """
         inst(OP, (--)) {
-            spam();
+            SPAM();
         }
     """
         output = """
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ def test_inst_no_args(self):
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(OP);
-            spam();
+            SPAM();
             DISPATCH();
         }
     """
@@ -139,7 +139,8 @@ def test_inst_no_args(self):
     def test_inst_one_pop(self):
         input = """
         inst(OP, (value --)) {
-            spam();
+            SPAM(value);
+            DEAD(value);
         }
     """
         output = """
@@ -147,10 +148,11 @@ def test_inst_one_pop(self):
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(OP);
-            PyObject *value;
+            _PyStackRef value;
             value = stack_pointer[-1];
-            spam();
+            SPAM(value);
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
     """
@@ -159,7 +161,7 @@ def test_inst_one_pop(self):
     def test_inst_one_push(self):
         input = """
         inst(OP, (-- res)) {
-            spam();
+            res = SPAM();
         }
     """
         output = """
@@ -167,10 +169,11 @@ def test_inst_one_push(self):
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(OP);
-            PyObject *res;
-            spam();
+            _PyStackRef res;
+            res = SPAM();
             stack_pointer[0] = res;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
     """
@@ -179,7 +182,8 @@ def test_inst_one_push(self):
     def test_inst_one_push_one_pop(self):
         input = """
         inst(OP, (value -- res)) {
-            spam();
+            res = SPAM(value);
+            DEAD(value);
         }
     """
         output = """
@@ -187,10 +191,10 @@ def test_inst_one_push_one_pop(self):
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(OP);
-            PyObject *value;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef value;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             value = stack_pointer[-1];
-            spam();
+            res = SPAM(value);
             stack_pointer[-1] = res;
             DISPATCH();
         }
@@ -200,7 +204,9 @@ def test_inst_one_push_one_pop(self):
     def test_binary_op(self):
         input = """
         inst(OP, (left, right -- res)) {
-            spam();
+            res = SPAM(left, right);
+            INPUTS_DEAD();
+
         }
     """
         output = """
@@ -208,14 +214,15 @@ def test_binary_op(self):
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(OP);
-            PyObject *right;
-            PyObject *left;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef left;
+            _PyStackRef right;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             right = stack_pointer[-1];
             left = stack_pointer[-2];
-            spam();
+            res = SPAM(left, right);
             stack_pointer[-2] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
     """
@@ -224,7 +231,8 @@ def test_binary_op(self):
     def test_overlap(self):
         input = """
         inst(OP, (left, right -- left, result)) {
-            spam();
+            result = SPAM(left, right);
+            INPUTS_DEAD();
         }
     """
         output = """
@@ -232,25 +240,26 @@ def test_overlap(self):
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(OP);
-            PyObject *right;
-            PyObject *left;
-            PyObject *result;
+            _PyStackRef left;
+            _PyStackRef right;
+            _PyStackRef result;
             right = stack_pointer[-1];
             left = stack_pointer[-2];
-            spam();
+            result = SPAM(left, right);
             stack_pointer[-1] = result;
             DISPATCH();
         }
     """
         self.run_cases_test(input, output)
 
-    def test_predictions_and_eval_breaker(self):
+    def test_predictions(self):
         input = """
-        inst(OP1, (arg -- rest)) {
+        inst(OP1, (arg -- res)) {
+            res = Py_None;
         }
         inst(OP3, (arg -- res)) {
             DEOPT_IF(xxx);
-            CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
+            res = Py_None;
         }
         family(OP1, INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_OP1) = { OP3 };
     """
@@ -260,10 +269,9 @@ def test_predictions_and_eval_breaker(self):
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(OP1);
             PREDICTED(OP1);
-            PyObject *arg;
-            PyObject *rest;
-            arg = stack_pointer[-1];
-            stack_pointer[-1] = rest;
+            _PyStackRef res;
+            res = Py_None;
+            stack_pointer[-1] = res;
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -272,17 +280,76 @@ def test_predictions_and_eval_breaker(self):
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(OP3);
             static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_OP1 == 0, "incorrect cache size");
-            PyObject *arg;
-            PyObject *res;
-            arg = stack_pointer[-1];
+            _PyStackRef res;
             DEOPT_IF(xxx, OP1);
+            res = Py_None;
             stack_pointer[-1] = res;
-            CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
             DISPATCH();
         }
     """
         self.run_cases_test(input, output)
 
+    def test_sync_sp(self):
+        input = """
+        inst(A, (arg -- res)) {
+            SYNC_SP();
+            escaping_call();
+            res = Py_None;
+        }
+        inst(B, (arg -- res)) {
+            res = Py_None;
+            SYNC_SP();
+            escaping_call();
+        }
+    """
+        output = """
+        TARGET(A) {
+            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
+            next_instr += 1;
+            INSTRUCTION_STATS(A);
+            _PyStackRef res;
+            stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            escaping_call();
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            res = Py_None;
+            stack_pointer[0] = res;
+            stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(B) {
+            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
+            next_instr += 1;
+            INSTRUCTION_STATS(B);
+            _PyStackRef res;
+            res = Py_None;
+            stack_pointer[-1] = res;
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            escaping_call();
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+    """
+        self.run_cases_test(input, output)
+
+
+    def test_pep7_condition(self):
+        input = """
+        inst(OP, (arg1 -- out)) {
+            if (arg1)
+                out = 0;
+            else {
+                out = 1;
+            }
+        }
+        """
+        output = ""
+        with self.assertRaises(SyntaxError):
+            self.run_cases_test(input, output)
+
     def test_error_if_plain(self):
         input = """
         inst(OP, (--)) {
@@ -321,6 +388,38 @@ def test_error_if_plain_with_comment(self):
     def test_error_if_pop(self):
         input = """
         inst(OP, (left, right -- res)) {
+            SPAM(left, right);
+            INPUTS_DEAD();
+            ERROR_IF(cond, label);
+            res = 0;
+        }
+    """
+        output = """
+        TARGET(OP) {
+            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
+            next_instr += 1;
+            INSTRUCTION_STATS(OP);
+            _PyStackRef left;
+            _PyStackRef right;
+            _PyStackRef res;
+            right = stack_pointer[-1];
+            left = stack_pointer[-2];
+            SPAM(left, right);
+            if (cond) goto pop_2_label;
+            res = 0;
+            stack_pointer[-2] = res;
+            stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+    """
+        self.run_cases_test(input, output)
+
+    def test_error_if_pop_with_result(self):
+        input = """
+        inst(OP, (left, right -- res)) {
+            res = SPAM(left, right);
+            INPUTS_DEAD();
             ERROR_IF(cond, label);
         }
     """
@@ -329,14 +428,16 @@ def test_error_if_pop(self):
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(OP);
-            PyObject *right;
-            PyObject *left;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef left;
+            _PyStackRef right;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             right = stack_pointer[-1];
             left = stack_pointer[-2];
+            res = SPAM(left, right);
             if (cond) goto pop_2_label;
             stack_pointer[-2] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
     """
@@ -349,17 +450,16 @@ def test_cache_effect(self):
     """
         output = """
         TARGET(OP) {
-            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
+            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             (void)this_instr;
             next_instr += 4;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(OP);
-            PyObject *value;
-            value = stack_pointer[-1];
             uint16_t counter = read_u16(&this_instr[1].cache);
             (void)counter;
             uint32_t extra = read_u32(&this_instr[2].cache);
             (void)extra;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
     """
@@ -388,10 +488,12 @@ def test_macro_instruction(self):
         }
         op(OP2, (extra/2, arg2, left, right -- res)) {
             res = op2(arg2, left, right);
+            INPUTS_DEAD();
         }
         macro(OP) = OP1 + cache/2 + OP2;
         inst(OP3, (unused/5, arg2, left, right -- res)) {
             res = op3(arg2, left, right);
+            INPUTS_DEAD();
         }
         family(OP, INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_OP) = { OP3 };
     """
@@ -401,45 +503,52 @@ def test_macro_instruction(self):
             next_instr += 6;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(OP);
             PREDICTED(OP);
-            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = next_instr - 6;
+            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = next_instr - 6;
             (void)this_instr;
-            PyObject *right;
-            PyObject *left;
-            PyObject *arg2;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef left;
+            _PyStackRef right;
+            _PyStackRef arg2;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             // _OP1
-            right = stack_pointer[-1];
-            left = stack_pointer[-2];
             {
+                right = stack_pointer[-1];
+                left = stack_pointer[-2];
                 uint16_t counter = read_u16(&this_instr[1].cache);
                 (void)counter;
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                 op1(left, right);
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
             }
             /* Skip 2 cache entries */
             // OP2
-            arg2 = stack_pointer[-3];
             {
+                arg2 = stack_pointer[-3];
                 uint32_t extra = read_u32(&this_instr[4].cache);
                 (void)extra;
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                 res = op2(arg2, left, right);
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
             }
             stack_pointer[-3] = res;
             stack_pointer += -2;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
         TARGET(OP1) {
-            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
+            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             (void)this_instr;
             next_instr += 2;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(OP1);
-            PyObject *right;
-            PyObject *left;
+            _PyStackRef left;
+            _PyStackRef right;
             right = stack_pointer[-1];
             left = stack_pointer[-2];
             uint16_t counter = read_u16(&this_instr[1].cache);
             (void)counter;
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
             op1(left, right);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -448,17 +557,20 @@ def test_macro_instruction(self):
             next_instr += 6;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(OP3);
             static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_OP == 5, "incorrect cache size");
-            PyObject *right;
-            PyObject *left;
-            PyObject *arg2;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef arg2;
+            _PyStackRef left;
+            _PyStackRef right;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             /* Skip 5 cache entries */
             right = stack_pointer[-1];
             left = stack_pointer[-2];
             arg2 = stack_pointer[-3];
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
             res = op3(arg2, left, right);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
             stack_pointer[-3] = res;
             stack_pointer += -2;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
     """
@@ -467,7 +579,7 @@ def test_macro_instruction(self):
     def test_unused_caches(self):
         input = """
         inst(OP, (unused/1, unused/2 --)) {
-            body();
+            body;
         }
     """
         output = """
@@ -477,7 +589,7 @@ def test_unused_caches(self):
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(OP);
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
             /* Skip 2 cache entries */
-            body();
+            body;
             DISPATCH();
         }
     """
@@ -521,10 +633,40 @@ def test_pseudo_instruction_with_flags(self):
     """
         self.run_cases_test(input, output)
 
+    def test_pseudo_instruction_as_sequence(self):
+        input = """
+        pseudo(OP, (in -- out1, out2)) = [
+            OP1, OP2
+        ];
+
+        inst(OP1, (--)) {
+        }
+
+        inst(OP2, (--)) {
+        }
+    """
+        output = """
+        TARGET(OP1) {
+            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
+            next_instr += 1;
+            INSTRUCTION_STATS(OP1);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(OP2) {
+            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
+            next_instr += 1;
+            INSTRUCTION_STATS(OP2);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+    """
+        self.run_cases_test(input, output)
+
+
     def test_array_input(self):
         input = """
         inst(OP, (below, values[oparg*2], above --)) {
-            spam();
+            SPAM(values, oparg);
         }
     """
         output = """
@@ -532,14 +674,11 @@ def test_array_input(self):
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(OP);
-            PyObject *above;
-            PyObject **values;
-            PyObject *below;
-            above = stack_pointer[-1];
+            _PyStackRef *values;
             values = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg*2];
-            below = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg*2];
-            spam();
+            SPAM(values, oparg);
             stack_pointer += -2 - oparg*2;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
     """
@@ -548,7 +687,9 @@ def test_array_input(self):
     def test_array_output(self):
         input = """
         inst(OP, (unused, unused -- below, values[oparg*3], above)) {
-            spam(values, oparg);
+            SPAM(values, oparg);
+            below = 0;
+            above = 0;
         }
     """
         output = """
@@ -556,14 +697,17 @@ def test_array_output(self):
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(OP);
-            PyObject *below;
-            PyObject **values;
-            PyObject *above;
+            _PyStackRef below;
+            _PyStackRef *values;
+            _PyStackRef above;
             values = &stack_pointer[-1];
-            spam(values, oparg);
+            SPAM(values, oparg);
+            below = 0;
+            above = 0;
             stack_pointer[-2] = below;
             stack_pointer[-1 + oparg*3] = above;
             stack_pointer += oparg*3;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
     """
@@ -572,7 +716,8 @@ def test_array_output(self):
     def test_array_input_output(self):
         input = """
         inst(OP, (values[oparg] -- values[oparg], above)) {
-            spam(values, oparg);
+            SPAM(values, oparg);
+            above = 0;
         }
     """
         output = """
@@ -580,12 +725,14 @@ def test_array_input_output(self):
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(OP);
-            PyObject **values;
-            PyObject *above;
+            _PyStackRef *values;
+            _PyStackRef above;
             values = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
-            spam(values, oparg);
+            SPAM(values, oparg);
+            above = 0;
             stack_pointer[0] = above;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
     """
@@ -602,12 +749,13 @@ def test_array_error_if(self):
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(OP);
-            PyObject **values;
-            PyObject *extra;
-            values = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
-            extra = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
-            if (oparg == 0) { stack_pointer += -1 - oparg; goto somewhere; }
+            if (oparg == 0) {
+                stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
+                assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                goto somewhere;
+            }
             stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
     """
@@ -616,7 +764,10 @@ def test_array_error_if(self):
     def test_cond_effect(self):
         input = """
         inst(OP, (aa, input if ((oparg & 1) == 1), cc -- xx, output if (oparg & 2), zz)) {
-            output = spam(oparg, input);
+            output = SPAM(oparg, aa, cc, input);
+            INPUTS_DEAD();
+            xx = 0;
+            zz = 0;
         }
     """
         output = """
@@ -624,20 +775,23 @@ def test_cond_effect(self):
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(OP);
-            PyObject *cc;
-            PyObject *input = NULL;
-            PyObject *aa;
-            PyObject *xx;
-            PyObject *output = NULL;
-            PyObject *zz;
+            _PyStackRef aa;
+            _PyStackRef input = PyStackRef_NULL;
+            _PyStackRef cc;
+            _PyStackRef xx;
+            _PyStackRef output = PyStackRef_NULL;
+            _PyStackRef zz;
             cc = stack_pointer[-1];
             if ((oparg & 1) == 1) { input = stack_pointer[-1 - (((oparg & 1) == 1) ? 1 : 0)]; }
             aa = stack_pointer[-2 - (((oparg & 1) == 1) ? 1 : 0)];
-            output = spam(oparg, input);
+            output = SPAM(oparg, aa, cc, input);
+            xx = 0;
+            zz = 0;
             stack_pointer[-2 - (((oparg & 1) == 1) ? 1 : 0)] = xx;
             if (oparg & 2) stack_pointer[-1 - (((oparg & 1) == 1) ? 1 : 0)] = output;
             stack_pointer[-1 - (((oparg & 1) == 1) ? 1 : 0) + ((oparg & 2) ? 1 : 0)] = zz;
             stack_pointer += -(((oparg & 1) == 1) ? 1 : 0) + ((oparg & 2) ? 1 : 0);
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
     """
@@ -646,10 +800,14 @@ def test_cond_effect(self):
     def test_macro_cond_effect(self):
         input = """
         op(A, (left, middle, right --)) {
-            # Body of A
+            USE(left, middle, right);
+            INPUTS_DEAD();
         }
         op(B, (-- deep, extra if (oparg), res)) {
-            # Body of B
+            deep = -1;
+            res = 0;
+            extra = 1;
+            INPUTS_DEAD();
         }
         macro(M) = A + B;
     """
@@ -658,27 +816,30 @@ def test_macro_cond_effect(self):
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(M);
-            PyObject *right;
-            PyObject *middle;
-            PyObject *left;
-            PyObject *deep;
-            PyObject *extra = NULL;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef left;
+            _PyStackRef middle;
+            _PyStackRef right;
+            _PyStackRef deep;
+            _PyStackRef extra = PyStackRef_NULL;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             // A
-            right = stack_pointer[-1];
-            middle = stack_pointer[-2];
-            left = stack_pointer[-3];
             {
-                # Body of A
+                right = stack_pointer[-1];
+                middle = stack_pointer[-2];
+                left = stack_pointer[-3];
+                USE(left, middle, right);
             }
             // B
             {
-                # Body of B
+                deep = -1;
+                res = 0;
+                extra = 1;
             }
             stack_pointer[-3] = deep;
             if (oparg) stack_pointer[-2] = extra;
             stack_pointer[-2 + ((oparg) ? 1 : 0)] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1 + ((oparg) ? 1 : 0);
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
     """
@@ -687,10 +848,10 @@ def test_macro_cond_effect(self):
     def test_macro_push_push(self):
         input = """
         op(A, (-- val1)) {
-            val1 = spam();
+            val1 = SPAM();
         }
         op(B, (-- val2)) {
-            val2 = spam();
+            val2 = SPAM();
         }
         macro(M) = A + B;
         """
@@ -699,19 +860,20 @@ def test_macro_push_push(self):
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(M);
-            PyObject *val1;
-            PyObject *val2;
+            _PyStackRef val1;
+            _PyStackRef val2;
             // A
             {
-                val1 = spam();
+                val1 = SPAM();
             }
             // B
             {
-                val2 = spam();
+                val2 = SPAM();
             }
             stack_pointer[0] = val1;
             stack_pointer[1] = val2;
             stack_pointer += 2;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
         """
@@ -720,10 +882,10 @@ def test_macro_push_push(self):
     def test_override_inst(self):
         input = """
         inst(OP, (--)) {
-            spam();
+            spam;
         }
         override inst(OP, (--)) {
-            ham();
+            ham;
         }
         """
         output = """
@@ -731,7 +893,7 @@ def test_override_inst(self):
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(OP);
-            ham();
+            ham;
             DISPATCH();
         }
         """
@@ -740,11 +902,11 @@ def test_override_inst(self):
     def test_override_op(self):
         input = """
         op(OP, (--)) {
-            spam();
+            spam;
         }
         macro(M) = OP;
         override op(OP, (--)) {
-            ham();
+            ham;
         }
         """
         output = """
@@ -752,7 +914,7 @@ def test_override_op(self):
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(M);
-            ham();
+            ham;
             DISPATCH();
         }
         """
@@ -761,7 +923,7 @@ def test_override_op(self):
     def test_annotated_inst(self):
         input = """
         pure inst(OP, (--)) {
-            ham();
+            ham;
         }
         """
         output = """
@@ -769,7 +931,7 @@ def test_annotated_inst(self):
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(OP);
-            ham();
+            ham;
             DISPATCH();
         }
         """
@@ -778,7 +940,7 @@ def test_annotated_inst(self):
     def test_annotated_op(self):
         input = """
         pure op(OP, (--)) {
-            spam();
+            SPAM();
         }
         macro(M) = OP;
         """
@@ -787,7 +949,7 @@ def test_annotated_op(self):
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(M);
-            spam();
+            SPAM();
             DISPATCH();
         }
         """
@@ -795,13 +957,12 @@ def test_annotated_op(self):
 
         input = """
         pure register specializing op(OP, (--)) {
-            spam();
+            SPAM();
         }
         macro(M) = OP;
         """
         self.run_cases_test(input, output)
 
-
     def test_deopt_and_exit(self):
         input = """
         pure op(OP, (arg1 -- out)) {
@@ -810,9 +971,434 @@ def test_deopt_and_exit(self):
         }
         """
         output = ""
-        with self.assertRaises(Exception):
+        with self.assertRaises(SyntaxError):
+            self.run_cases_test(input, output)
+
+    def test_array_of_one(self):
+        input = """
+        inst(OP, (arg[1] -- out[1])) {
+            out[0] = arg[0];
+        }
+        """
+        output = """
+        TARGET(OP) {
+            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
+            next_instr += 1;
+            INSTRUCTION_STATS(OP);
+            _PyStackRef *arg;
+            _PyStackRef *out;
+            arg = &stack_pointer[-1];
+            out = &stack_pointer[-1];
+            out[0] = arg[0];
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+        """
+        self.run_cases_test(input, output)
+
+    def test_pointer_to_stackref(self):
+        input = """
+        inst(OP, (arg: _PyStackRef * -- out)) {
+            out = *arg;
+            DEAD(arg);
+        }
+        """
+        output = """
+        TARGET(OP) {
+            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
+            next_instr += 1;
+            INSTRUCTION_STATS(OP);
+            _PyStackRef *arg;
+            _PyStackRef out;
+            arg = (_PyStackRef *)stack_pointer[-1].bits;
+            out = *arg;
+            stack_pointer[-1] = out;
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+        """
+        self.run_cases_test(input, output)
+
+    def test_unused_cached_value(self):
+        input = """
+        op(FIRST, (arg1 -- out)) {
+            out = arg1;
+        }
+
+        op(SECOND, (unused -- unused)) {
+        }
+
+        macro(BOTH) = FIRST + SECOND;
+        """
+        output = """
+        """
+        with self.assertRaises(SyntaxError):
+            self.run_cases_test(input, output)
+
+    def test_unused_named_values(self):
+        input = """
+        op(OP, (named -- named)) {
+        }
+
+        macro(INST) = OP;
+        """
+        output = """
+        TARGET(INST) {
+            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
+            next_instr += 1;
+            INSTRUCTION_STATS(INST);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        """
+        self.run_cases_test(input, output)
+
+    def test_used_unused_used(self):
+        input = """
+        op(FIRST, (w -- w)) {
+            USE(w);
+        }
+
+        op(SECOND, (x -- x)) {
+        }
+
+        op(THIRD, (y -- y)) {
+            USE(y);
+        }
+
+        macro(TEST) = FIRST + SECOND + THIRD;
+        """
+        output = """
+        TARGET(TEST) {
+            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
+            next_instr += 1;
+            INSTRUCTION_STATS(TEST);
+            _PyStackRef w;
+            _PyStackRef y;
+            // FIRST
+            {
+                w = stack_pointer[-1];
+                USE(w);
+            }
+            // SECOND
+            {
+            }
+            // THIRD
+            {
+                y = w;
+                USE(y);
+            }
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+        """
+        self.run_cases_test(input, output)
+
+    def test_unused_used_used(self):
+        input = """
+        op(FIRST, (w -- w)) {
+        }
+
+        op(SECOND, (x -- x)) {
+            USE(x);
+        }
+
+        op(THIRD, (y -- y)) {
+            USE(y);
+        }
+
+        macro(TEST) = FIRST + SECOND + THIRD;
+        """
+        output = """
+        TARGET(TEST) {
+            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
+            next_instr += 1;
+            INSTRUCTION_STATS(TEST);
+            _PyStackRef x;
+            _PyStackRef y;
+            // FIRST
+            {
+            }
+            // SECOND
+            {
+                x = stack_pointer[-1];
+                USE(x);
+            }
+            // THIRD
+            {
+                y = x;
+                USE(y);
+            }
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+        """
+        self.run_cases_test(input, output)
+
+    def test_flush(self):
+        input = """
+        op(FIRST, ( -- a, b)) {
+            a = 0;
+            b = 1;
+        }
+
+        op(SECOND, (a, b -- )) {
+            USE(a, b);
+            INPUTS_DEAD();
+        }
+
+        macro(TEST) = FIRST + flush + SECOND;
+        """
+        output = """
+        TARGET(TEST) {
+            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
+            next_instr += 1;
+            INSTRUCTION_STATS(TEST);
+            _PyStackRef a;
+            _PyStackRef b;
+            // FIRST
+            {
+                a = 0;
+                b = 1;
+            }
+            // flush
+            stack_pointer[0] = a;
+            stack_pointer[1] = b;
+            stack_pointer += 2;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+            // SECOND
+            {
+                USE(a, b);
+            }
+            stack_pointer += -2;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+        """
+        self.run_cases_test(input, output)
+
+    def test_pop_on_error_peeks(self):
+
+        input = """
+        op(FIRST, (x, y -- a, b)) {
+            a = x;
+            DEAD(x);
+            b = y;
+            DEAD(y);
+        }
+
+        op(SECOND, (a, b -- a, b)) {
+        }
+
+        op(THIRD, (j, k --)) {
+            INPUTS_DEAD(); // Mark j and k as used
+            ERROR_IF(cond, error);
+        }
+
+        macro(TEST) = FIRST + SECOND + THIRD;
+        """
+        output = """
+        TARGET(TEST) {
+            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
+            next_instr += 1;
+            INSTRUCTION_STATS(TEST);
+            _PyStackRef x;
+            _PyStackRef y;
+            _PyStackRef a;
+            _PyStackRef b;
+            // FIRST
+            {
+                y = stack_pointer[-1];
+                x = stack_pointer[-2];
+                a = x;
+                b = y;
+            }
+            // SECOND
+            {
+            }
+            // THIRD
+            {
+                // Mark j and k as used
+                if (cond) goto pop_2_error;
+            }
+            stack_pointer += -2;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+        """
+        self.run_cases_test(input, output)
+
+    def test_push_then_error(self):
+
+        input = """
+        op(FIRST, ( -- a)) {
+            a = 1;
+        }
+
+        op(SECOND, (a -- a, b)) {
+            b = 1;
+            ERROR_IF(cond, error);
+        }
+
+        macro(TEST) = FIRST + SECOND;
+        """
+
+        output = """
+        TARGET(TEST) {
+            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
+            next_instr += 1;
+            INSTRUCTION_STATS(TEST);
+            _PyStackRef a;
+            _PyStackRef b;
+            // FIRST
+            {
+                a = 1;
+            }
+            // SECOND
+            {
+                b = 1;
+                if (cond) {
+                    stack_pointer[0] = a;
+                    stack_pointer[1] = b;
+                    stack_pointer += 2;
+                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                    goto error;
+                }
+            }
+            stack_pointer[0] = a;
+            stack_pointer[1] = b;
+            stack_pointer += 2;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+        """
+        self.run_cases_test(input, output)
+
+    def test_error_if_true(self):
+
+        input = """
+        inst(OP1, ( --)) {
+            ERROR_IF(true, here);
+        }
+        inst(OP2, ( --)) {
+            ERROR_IF(1, there);
+        }
+        """
+        output = """
+        TARGET(OP1) {
+            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
+            next_instr += 1;
+            INSTRUCTION_STATS(OP1);
+            goto here;
+        }
+
+        TARGET(OP2) {
+            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
+            next_instr += 1;
+            INSTRUCTION_STATS(OP2);
+            goto there;
+        }
+        """
+        self.run_cases_test(input, output)
+
+    def test_scalar_array_inconsistency(self):
+
+        input = """
+        op(FIRST, ( -- a)) {
+            a = 1;
+        }
+
+        op(SECOND, (a[1] -- b)) {
+            b = 1;
+        }
+
+        macro(TEST) = FIRST + SECOND;
+        """
+
+        output = """
+        """
+        with self.assertRaises(SyntaxError):
+            self.run_cases_test(input, output)
+
+    def test_array_size_inconsistency(self):
+
+        input = """
+        op(FIRST, ( -- a[2])) {
+            a[0] = 1;
+        }
+
+        op(SECOND, (a[1] -- b)) {
+            b = 1;
+        }
+
+        macro(TEST) = FIRST + SECOND;
+        """
+
+        output = """
+        """
+        with self.assertRaises(SyntaxError):
+            self.run_cases_test(input, output)
+
+    def test_stack_save_reload(self):
+
+        input = """
+        inst(BALANCED, ( -- )) {
+            SAVE_STACK();
+            RELOAD_STACK();
+        }
+        """
+
+        output = """
+        TARGET(BALANCED) {
+            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
+            next_instr += 1;
+            INSTRUCTION_STATS(BALANCED);
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+        """
+        self.run_cases_test(input, output)
+
+    def test_stack_reload_only(self):
+
+        input = """
+        inst(BALANCED, ( -- )) {
+            RELOAD_STACK();
+        }
+        """
+
+        output = """
+        TARGET(BALANCED) {
+            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
+            next_instr += 1;
+            INSTRUCTION_STATS(BALANCED);
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+        """
+        with self.assertRaises(SyntaxError):
+            self.run_cases_test(input, output)
+
+    def test_stack_save_only(self):
+
+        input = """
+        inst(BALANCED, ( -- )) {
+            SAVE_STACK();
+        }
+        """
+
+        output = """
+        TARGET(BALANCED) {
+            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
+            next_instr += 1;
+            INSTRUCTION_STATS(BALANCED);
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+        """
+        with self.assertRaises(SyntaxError):
             self.run_cases_test(input, output)
 
+
 class TestGeneratedAbstractCases(unittest.TestCase):
     def setUp(self) -> None:
         super().setUp()
@@ -866,7 +1452,7 @@ def run_cases_test(self, input: str, input2: str, expected: str):
     def test_overridden_abstract(self):
         input = """
         pure op(OP, (--)) {
-            spam();
+            SPAM();
         }
         """
         input2 = """
@@ -885,15 +1471,15 @@ def test_overridden_abstract(self):
     def test_overridden_abstract_args(self):
         input = """
         pure op(OP, (arg1 -- out)) {
-            spam();
+            out = SPAM(arg1);
         }
         op(OP2, (arg1 -- out)) {
-            eggs();
+            out = EGGS(arg1);
         }
         """
         input2 = """
         op(OP, (arg1 -- out)) {
-            eggs();
+            out = EGGS(arg1);
         }
         """
         output = """
@@ -901,7 +1487,7 @@ def test_overridden_abstract_args(self):
             _Py_UopsSymbol *arg1;
             _Py_UopsSymbol *out;
             arg1 = stack_pointer[-1];
-            eggs();
+            out = EGGS(arg1);
             stack_pointer[-1] = out;
             break;
         }
@@ -918,7 +1504,7 @@ def test_overridden_abstract_args(self):
     def test_no_overridden_case(self):
         input = """
         pure op(OP, (arg1 -- out)) {
-            spam();
+            out = SPAM(arg1);
         }
 
         pure op(OP2, (arg1 -- out)) {
@@ -927,6 +1513,7 @@ def test_no_overridden_case(self):
         """
         input2 = """
         pure op(OP2, (arg1 -- out)) {
+            out = NULL;
         }
         """
         output = """
@@ -938,9 +1525,8 @@ def test_no_overridden_case(self):
         }
 
         case OP2: {
-            _Py_UopsSymbol *arg1;
             _Py_UopsSymbol *out;
-            arg1 = stack_pointer[-1];
+            out = NULL;
             stack_pointer[-1] = out;
             break;
         }
@@ -950,7 +1536,7 @@ def test_no_overridden_case(self):
     def test_missing_override_failure(self):
         input = """
         pure op(OP, (arg1 -- out)) {
-            spam();
+            SPAM();
         }
         """
         input2 = """
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_generators.py b/Lib/test/test_generators.py
index 4598e62122b09c..bf2cb1160723b0 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_generators.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_generators.py
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@
 import unittest
 import weakref
 import inspect
+import textwrap
+import types
 
 from test import support
 
@@ -89,9 +91,12 @@ def gen():
         self.assertEqual(gc.garbage, old_garbage)
 
     def test_lambda_generator(self):
-        # Issue #23192: Test that a lambda returning a generator behaves
+        # bpo-23192, gh-119897: Test that a lambda returning a generator behaves
         # like the equivalent function
         f = lambda: (yield 1)
+        self.assertIsInstance(f(), types.GeneratorType)
+        self.assertEqual(next(f()), 1)
+
         def g(): return (yield 1)
 
         # test 'yield from'
@@ -108,6 +113,27 @@ def g3(): return (yield from f())
                 gen.send(2)
             self.assertEqual(cm.exception.value, 2)
 
+    def test_generator_resurrect(self):
+        # Test that a resurrected generator still has a valid gi_code
+        resurrected = []
+
+        # Resurrect a generator in a finalizer
+        exec(textwrap.dedent("""
+            def gen():
+                try:
+                    yield
+                except:
+                    resurrected.append(g)
+
+            g = gen()
+            next(g)
+        """), {"resurrected": resurrected})
+
+        support.gc_collect()
+
+        self.assertEqual(len(resurrected), 1)
+        self.assertIsInstance(resurrected[0].gi_code, types.CodeType)
+
 
 class GeneratorTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
@@ -242,6 +268,79 @@ def loop():
         #This should not raise
         loop()
 
+
+class ModifyUnderlyingIterableTest(unittest.TestCase):
+    iterables = [
+        range(0),
+        range(20),
+        [1, 2, 3],
+        (2,),
+        {13, 48, 211},
+        frozenset((15, 8, 6)),
+        {1: 2, 3: 4},
+    ]
+
+    non_iterables = [
+        None,
+        42,
+        3.0,
+        2j,
+    ]
+
+    def genexpr(self):
+        return (x for x in range(10))
+
+    def genfunc(self):
+        def gen(it):
+            for x in it:
+                yield x
+        return gen(range(10))
+
+    def process_tests(self, get_generator):
+        for obj in self.iterables:
+            g_obj = get_generator(obj)
+            with self.subTest(g_obj=g_obj, obj=obj):
+                self.assertListEqual(list(g_obj), list(obj))
+
+            g_iter = get_generator(iter(obj))
+            with self.subTest(g_iter=g_iter, obj=obj):
+                self.assertListEqual(list(g_iter), list(obj))
+
+        err_regex = "'.*' object is not iterable"
+        for obj in self.non_iterables:
+            g_obj = get_generator(obj)
+            with self.subTest(g_obj=g_obj):
+                self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, err_regex, list, g_obj)
+
+    def test_modify_f_locals(self):
+        def modify_f_locals(g, local, obj):
+            g.gi_frame.f_locals[local] = obj
+            return g
+
+        def get_generator_genexpr(obj):
+            return modify_f_locals(self.genexpr(), '.0', obj)
+
+        def get_generator_genfunc(obj):
+            return modify_f_locals(self.genfunc(), 'it', obj)
+
+        self.process_tests(get_generator_genexpr)
+        self.process_tests(get_generator_genfunc)
+
+    def test_new_gen_from_gi_code(self):
+        def new_gen_from_gi_code(g, obj):
+            generator_func = types.FunctionType(g.gi_code, {})
+            return generator_func(obj)
+
+        def get_generator_genexpr(obj):
+            return new_gen_from_gi_code(self.genexpr(), obj)
+
+        def get_generator_genfunc(obj):
+            return new_gen_from_gi_code(self.genfunc(), obj)
+
+        self.process_tests(get_generator_genexpr)
+        self.process_tests(get_generator_genfunc)
+
+
 class ExceptionTest(unittest.TestCase):
     # Tests for the issue #23353: check that the currently handled exception
     # is correctly saved/restored in PyEval_EvalFrameEx().
@@ -2243,6 +2342,16 @@ def printsolution(self, x):
   ...
 SyntaxError: 'yield' outside function
 
+>>> f=lambda: (yield from (1,2)), (yield from (3,4))
+Traceback (most recent call last):
+  ...
+SyntaxError: 'yield from' outside function
+
+>>> yield from [1,2]
+Traceback (most recent call last):
+  ...
+SyntaxError: 'yield from' outside function
+
 >>> def f(): x = yield = y
 Traceback (most recent call last):
   ...
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_genericalias.py b/Lib/test/test_genericalias.py
index 04122fbdd0ae80..3048d038c782d4 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_genericalias.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_genericalias.py
@@ -57,6 +57,10 @@
 from weakref import WeakSet, ReferenceType, ref
 import typing
 from typing import Unpack
+try:
+    from tkinter import Event
+except ImportError:
+    Event = None
 
 from typing import TypeVar
 T = TypeVar('T')
@@ -96,7 +100,7 @@
 
 class BaseTest(unittest.TestCase):
     """Test basics."""
-    generic_types = [type, tuple, list, dict, set, frozenset, enumerate,
+    generic_types = [type, tuple, list, dict, set, frozenset, enumerate, memoryview,
                      defaultdict, deque,
                      SequenceMatcher,
                      dircmp,
@@ -139,6 +143,8 @@ class BaseTest(unittest.TestCase):
     if ValueProxy is not None:
         generic_types.extend((ValueProxy, DictProxy, ListProxy, ApplyResult,
                               MPSimpleQueue, MPQueue, MPJoinableQueue))
+    if Event is not None:
+        generic_types.append(Event)
 
     def test_subscriptable(self):
         for t in self.generic_types:
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_genericpath.py b/Lib/test/test_genericpath.py
index bf04b3fecf7057..6d2593cb4cf228 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_genericpath.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_genericpath.py
@@ -156,6 +156,10 @@ def test_exists(self):
         self.assertIs(self.pathmodule.lexists(filename + '\x00'), False)
         self.assertIs(self.pathmodule.lexists(bfilename + b'\x00'), False)
 
+        # Keyword arguments are accepted
+        self.assertIs(self.pathmodule.exists(path=filename), True)
+        self.assertIs(self.pathmodule.lexists(path=filename), True)
+
     @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(os, "pipe"), "requires os.pipe()")
     @unittest.skipIf(is_emscripten, "Emscripten pipe fds have no stat")
     def test_exists_fd(self):
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_getpath.py b/Lib/test/test_getpath.py
index 2f7aa69efc184a..d5dcdad9614ecc 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_getpath.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_getpath.py
@@ -557,7 +557,7 @@ def test_framework_macos(self):
         ns.add_known_dir("/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/9.8/lib/python9.8/lib-dynload")
         ns.add_known_file("/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/9.8/lib/python9.8/os.py")
 
-        # This is definitely not the stdlib (see discusion in bpo-46890)
+        # This is definitely not the stdlib (see discussion in bpo-46890)
         #ns.add_known_file("/Library/Frameworks/lib/python98.zip")
 
         expected = dict(
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ def test_alt_framework_macos(self):
         ns.add_known_dir("/Library/Frameworks/DebugPython.framework/Versions/9.8/lib/python9.8/lib-dynload")
         ns.add_known_xfile("/Library/Frameworks/DebugPython.framework/Versions/9.8/lib/python9.8/os.py")
 
-        # This is definitely not the stdlib (see discusion in bpo-46890)
+        # This is definitely not the stdlib (see discussion in bpo-46890)
         #ns.add_known_xfile("/Library/lib/python98.zip")
         expected = dict(
             executable="/Library/Frameworks/DebugPython.framework/Versions/9.8/bin/python9.8",
@@ -844,6 +844,7 @@ def test_explicitly_set_stdlib_dir(self):
     PYDEBUGEXT="",
     VERSION_MAJOR=9,    # fixed version number for ease
     VERSION_MINOR=8,    # of testing
+    ABI_THREAD="",
     PYWINVER=None,
     EXE_SUFFIX=None,
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_grammar.py b/Lib/test/test_grammar.py
index c72f4387108ca8..6a841587f49166 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_grammar.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_grammar.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 
 from test.support import check_syntax_error
 from test.support import import_helper
+import annotationlib
 import inspect
 import unittest
 import sys
@@ -306,16 +307,6 @@ def test_eof_error(self):
 
 var_annot_global: int # a global annotated is necessary for test_var_annot
 
-# custom namespace for testing __annotations__
-
-class CNS:
-    def __init__(self):
-        self._dct = {}
-    def __setitem__(self, item, value):
-        self._dct[item.lower()] = value
-    def __getitem__(self, item):
-        return self._dct[item]
-
 
 class GrammarTests(unittest.TestCase):
 
@@ -446,22 +437,12 @@ class F(C, A):
         self.assertEqual(E.__annotations__, {})
         self.assertEqual(F.__annotations__, {})
 
-
-    def test_var_annot_metaclass_semantics(self):
-        class CMeta(type):
-            @classmethod
-            def __prepare__(metacls, name, bases, **kwds):
-                return {'__annotations__': CNS()}
-        class CC(metaclass=CMeta):
-            XX: 'ANNOT'
-        self.assertEqual(CC.__annotations__['xx'], 'ANNOT')
-
     def test_var_annot_module_semantics(self):
         self.assertEqual(test.__annotations__, {})
         self.assertEqual(ann_module.__annotations__,
-                     {1: 2, 'x': int, 'y': str, 'f': typing.Tuple[int, int], 'u': int | float})
+                         {'x': int, 'y': str, 'f': typing.Tuple[int, int], 'u': int | float})
         self.assertEqual(ann_module.M.__annotations__,
-                              {'123': 123, 'o': type})
+                         {'o': type})
         self.assertEqual(ann_module2.__annotations__, {})
 
     def test_var_annot_in_module(self):
@@ -476,51 +457,12 @@ def test_var_annot_in_module(self):
             ann_module3.D_bad_ann(5)
 
     def test_var_annot_simple_exec(self):
-        gns = {}; lns= {}
+        gns = {}; lns = {}
         exec("'docstring'\n"
-             "__annotations__[1] = 2\n"
              "x: int = 5\n", gns, lns)
-        self.assertEqual(lns["__annotations__"], {1: 2, 'x': int})
-        with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
-            gns['__annotations__']
-
-    def test_var_annot_custom_maps(self):
-        # tests with custom locals() and __annotations__
-        ns = {'__annotations__': CNS()}
-        exec('X: int; Z: str = "Z"; (w): complex = 1j', ns)
-        self.assertEqual(ns['__annotations__']['x'], int)
-        self.assertEqual(ns['__annotations__']['z'], str)
+        self.assertEqual(lns["__annotate__"](annotationlib.Format.VALUE), {'x': int})
         with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
-            ns['__annotations__']['w']
-        nonloc_ns = {}
-        class CNS2:
-            def __init__(self):
-                self._dct = {}
-            def __setitem__(self, item, value):
-                nonlocal nonloc_ns
-                self._dct[item] = value
-                nonloc_ns[item] = value
-            def __getitem__(self, item):
-                return self._dct[item]
-        exec('x: int = 1', {}, CNS2())
-        self.assertEqual(nonloc_ns['__annotations__']['x'], int)
-
-    def test_var_annot_refleak(self):
-        # complex case: custom locals plus custom __annotations__
-        # this was causing refleak
-        cns = CNS()
-        nonloc_ns = {'__annotations__': cns}
-        class CNS2:
-            def __init__(self):
-                self._dct = {'__annotations__': cns}
-            def __setitem__(self, item, value):
-                nonlocal nonloc_ns
-                self._dct[item] = value
-                nonloc_ns[item] = value
-            def __getitem__(self, item):
-                return self._dct[item]
-        exec('X: str', {}, CNS2())
-        self.assertEqual(nonloc_ns['__annotations__']['x'], str)
+            gns['__annotate__']
 
     def test_var_annot_rhs(self):
         ns = {}
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_gzip.py b/Lib/test/test_gzip.py
index cf801278da9e9b..bf6e1703db8451 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_gzip.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_gzip.py
@@ -713,8 +713,18 @@ def test_compress_mtime(self):
                         f.read(1) # to set mtime attribute
                         self.assertEqual(f.mtime, mtime)
 
+    def test_compress_mtime_default(self):
+        # test for gh-125260
+        datac = gzip.compress(data1, mtime=0)
+        datac2 = gzip.compress(data1)
+        self.assertEqual(datac, datac2)
+        datac3 = gzip.compress(data1, mtime=None)
+        self.assertNotEqual(datac, datac3)
+        with gzip.GzipFile(fileobj=io.BytesIO(datac3), mode="rb") as f:
+            f.read(1) # to set mtime attribute
+            self.assertGreater(f.mtime, 1)
+
     def test_compress_correct_level(self):
-        # gzip.compress calls with mtime == 0 take a different code path.
         for mtime in (0, 42):
             with self.subTest(mtime=mtime):
                 nocompress = gzip.compress(data1, compresslevel=0, mtime=mtime)
@@ -722,6 +732,17 @@ def test_compress_correct_level(self):
                 self.assertIn(data1, nocompress)
                 self.assertNotIn(data1, yescompress)
 
+    def test_issue112346(self):
+        # The OS byte should be 255, this should not change between Python versions.
+        for mtime in (0, 42):
+            with self.subTest(mtime=mtime):
+                compress = gzip.compress(data1, compresslevel=1, mtime=mtime)
+                self.assertEqual(
+                    struct.unpack("<IxB", compress[4:10]),
+                    (mtime, 255),
+                    "Gzip header does not properly set either mtime or OS byte."
+                )
+
     def test_decompress(self):
         for data in (data1, data2):
             buf = io.BytesIO()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_hashlib.py b/Lib/test/test_hashlib.py
index 73d758a3631b3a..575b2cd0da7056 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_hashlib.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_hashlib.py
@@ -368,6 +368,17 @@ def test_sha3_256_update_over_4gb(self):
         h.update(b"hello world")
         self.assertEqual(h.hexdigest(), "e2d4535e3b613135c14f2fe4e026d7ad8d569db44901740beffa30d430acb038")
 
+    @requires_resource('cpu')
+    def test_blake2_update_over_4gb(self):
+        # blake2s or blake2b doesn't matter based on how our C code is structured, this tests the
+        # common loop macro logic.
+        zero_1mb = b"\0" * 1024 * 1024
+        h = hashlib.blake2s()
+        for i in range(0, 4096):
+            h.update(zero_1mb)
+        h.update(b"hello world")
+        self.assertEqual(h.hexdigest(), "8a268e83dd30528bc0907fa2008c91de8f090a0b6e0e60a5ff0d999d8485526f")
+
     def check(self, name, data, hexdigest, shake=False, **kwargs):
         length = len(hexdigest)//2
         hexdigest = hexdigest.lower()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_http_cookies.py b/Lib/test/test_http_cookies.py
index 925c8697f60de6..8879902a6e2f41 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_http_cookies.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_http_cookies.py
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 import doctest
 from http import cookies
 import pickle
+from test import support
 
 
 class CookieTests(unittest.TestCase):
@@ -58,6 +59,43 @@ def test_basic(self):
             for k, v in sorted(case['dict'].items()):
                 self.assertEqual(C[k].value, v)
 
+    def test_unquote(self):
+        cases = [
+            (r'a="b=\""', 'b="'),
+            (r'a="b=\\"', 'b=\\'),
+            (r'a="b=\="', 'b=='),
+            (r'a="b=\n"', 'b=n'),
+            (r'a="b=\042"', 'b="'),
+            (r'a="b=\134"', 'b=\\'),
+            (r'a="b=\377"', 'b=\xff'),
+            (r'a="b=\400"', 'b=400'),
+            (r'a="b=\42"', 'b=42'),
+            (r'a="b=\\042"', 'b=\\042'),
+            (r'a="b=\\134"', 'b=\\134'),
+            (r'a="b=\\\""', 'b=\\"'),
+            (r'a="b=\\\042"', 'b=\\"'),
+            (r'a="b=\134\""', 'b=\\"'),
+            (r'a="b=\134\042"', 'b=\\"'),
+        ]
+        for encoded, decoded in cases:
+            with self.subTest(encoded):
+                C = cookies.SimpleCookie()
+                C.load(encoded)
+                self.assertEqual(C['a'].value, decoded)
+
+    @support.requires_resource('cpu')
+    def test_unquote_large(self):
+        n = 10**6
+        for encoded in r'\\', r'\134':
+            with self.subTest(encoded):
+                data = 'a="b=' + encoded*n + ';"'
+                C = cookies.SimpleCookie()
+                C.load(data)
+                value = C['a'].value
+                self.assertEqual(value[:3], 'b=\\')
+                self.assertEqual(value[-2:], '\\;')
+                self.assertEqual(len(value), n + 3)
+
     def test_load(self):
         C = cookies.SimpleCookie()
         C.load('Customer="WILE_E_COYOTE"; Version=1; Path=/acme')
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_imaplib.py b/Lib/test/test_imaplib.py
index b5384b59463742..a6509fc3ba0eae 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_imaplib.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_imaplib.py
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 import re
 import socket
 
-from test.support import verbose, run_with_tz, run_with_locale, cpython_only, requires_resource
+from test.support import verbose, run_with_tz, run_with_locale, cpython_only
 from test.support import hashlib_helper
 from test.support import threading_helper
 import unittest
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ def timevalues(self):
                                        timezone(timedelta(0, 2 * 60 * 60))),
                 '"18-May-2033 05:33:20 +0200"']
 
-    @run_with_locale('LC_ALL', 'de_DE', 'fr_FR')
+    @run_with_locale('LC_ALL', 'de_DE', 'fr_FR', '')
     # DST rules included to work around quirk where the Gnu C library may not
     # otherwise restore the previous time zone
     @run_with_tz('STD-1DST,M3.2.0,M11.1.0')
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_import/__init__.py b/Lib/test/test_import/__init__.py
index 97e262cfdb9023..e6fd33e208c4ba 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_import/__init__.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_import/__init__.py
@@ -111,6 +111,24 @@ def require_frozen(module, *, skip=True):
 def require_pure_python(module, *, skip=False):
     _require_loader(module, SourceFileLoader, skip)
 
+def create_extension_loader(modname, filename):
+    # Apple extensions must be distributed as frameworks. This requires
+    # a specialist loader.
+    if is_apple_mobile:
+        return AppleFrameworkLoader(modname, filename)
+    else:
+        return ExtensionFileLoader(modname, filename)
+
+def import_extension_from_file(modname, filename, *, put_in_sys_modules=True):
+    loader = create_extension_loader(modname, filename)
+    spec = importlib.util.spec_from_loader(modname, loader)
+    module = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec)
+    loader.exec_module(module)
+    if put_in_sys_modules:
+        sys.modules[modname] = module
+    return module
+
+
 def remove_files(name):
     for f in (name + ".py",
               name + ".pyc",
@@ -352,10 +370,14 @@ def test_from_import_missing_attr_has_name_and_so_path(self):
             from _testcapi import i_dont_exist
         self.assertEqual(cm.exception.name, '_testcapi')
         if hasattr(_testcapi, "__file__"):
-            self.assertEqual(cm.exception.path, _testcapi.__file__)
+            # The path on the exception is strictly the spec origin, not the
+            # module's __file__. For most cases, these are the same; but on
+            # iOS, the Framework relocation process results in the exception
+            # being raised from the spec location.
+            self.assertEqual(cm.exception.path, _testcapi.__spec__.origin)
             self.assertRegex(
                 str(cm.exception),
-                r"cannot import name 'i_dont_exist' from '_testcapi' \(.*\.(so|fwork|pyd)\)"
+                r"cannot import name 'i_dont_exist' from '_testcapi' \(.*(\.(so|pyd))?\)"
             )
         else:
             self.assertEqual(
@@ -405,7 +427,7 @@ def test_case_sensitivity(self):
 
     def test_double_const(self):
         # Importing double_const checks that float constants
-        # serialiazed by marshal as PYC files don't lose precision
+        # serialized by marshal as PYC files don't lose precision
         # (SF bug 422177).
         from test.test_import.data import double_const
         unload('test.test_import.data.double_const')
@@ -786,104 +808,133 @@ def test_issue105979(self):
                       str(cm.exception))
 
     def test_script_shadowing_stdlib(self):
-        with os_helper.temp_dir() as tmp:
-            with open(os.path.join(tmp, "fractions.py"), "w", encoding='utf-8') as f:
-                f.write("import fractions\nfractions.Fraction")
-
-            expected_error = (
-                rb"AttributeError: module 'fractions' has no attribute 'Fraction' "
-                rb"\(consider renaming '.*fractions.py' since it has the "
-                rb"same name as the standard library module named 'fractions' "
-                rb"and the import system gives it precedence\)"
+        script_errors = [
+            (
+                "import fractions\nfractions.Fraction",
+                rb"AttributeError: module 'fractions' has no attribute 'Fraction'"
+            ),
+            (
+                "from fractions import Fraction",
+                rb"ImportError: cannot import name 'Fraction' from 'fractions'"
             )
+        ]
+        for script, error in script_errors:
+            with self.subTest(script=script), os_helper.temp_dir() as tmp:
+                with open(os.path.join(tmp, "fractions.py"), "w", encoding='utf-8') as f:
+                    f.write(script)
+
+                expected_error = error + (
+                    rb" \(consider renaming '.*fractions.py' since it has the "
+                    rb"same name as the standard library module named 'fractions' "
+                    rb"and prevents importing that standard library module\)"
+                )
 
-            popen = script_helper.spawn_python(os.path.join(tmp, "fractions.py"), cwd=tmp)
-            stdout, stderr = popen.communicate()
-            self.assertRegex(stdout, expected_error)
+                popen = script_helper.spawn_python(os.path.join(tmp, "fractions.py"), cwd=tmp)
+                stdout, stderr = popen.communicate()
+                self.assertRegex(stdout, expected_error)
 
-            popen = script_helper.spawn_python('-m', 'fractions', cwd=tmp)
-            stdout, stderr = popen.communicate()
-            self.assertRegex(stdout, expected_error)
+                popen = script_helper.spawn_python('-m', 'fractions', cwd=tmp)
+                stdout, stderr = popen.communicate()
+                self.assertRegex(stdout, expected_error)
 
-            popen = script_helper.spawn_python('-c', 'import fractions', cwd=tmp)
-            stdout, stderr = popen.communicate()
-            self.assertRegex(stdout, expected_error)
+                popen = script_helper.spawn_python('-c', 'import fractions', cwd=tmp)
+                stdout, stderr = popen.communicate()
+                self.assertRegex(stdout, expected_error)
 
-            # and there's no error at all when using -P
-            popen = script_helper.spawn_python('-P', 'fractions.py', cwd=tmp)
-            stdout, stderr = popen.communicate()
-            self.assertEqual(stdout, b'')
+                # and there's no error at all when using -P
+                popen = script_helper.spawn_python('-P', 'fractions.py', cwd=tmp)
+                stdout, stderr = popen.communicate()
+                self.assertEqual(stdout, b'')
 
-            tmp_child = os.path.join(tmp, "child")
-            os.mkdir(tmp_child)
+                tmp_child = os.path.join(tmp, "child")
+                os.mkdir(tmp_child)
 
-            # test the logic with different cwd
-            popen = script_helper.spawn_python(os.path.join(tmp, "fractions.py"), cwd=tmp_child)
-            stdout, stderr = popen.communicate()
-            self.assertRegex(stdout, expected_error)
+                # test the logic with different cwd
+                popen = script_helper.spawn_python(os.path.join(tmp, "fractions.py"), cwd=tmp_child)
+                stdout, stderr = popen.communicate()
+                self.assertRegex(stdout, expected_error)
 
-            popen = script_helper.spawn_python('-m', 'fractions', cwd=tmp_child)
-            stdout, stderr = popen.communicate()
-            self.assertEqual(stdout, b'')  # no error
+                popen = script_helper.spawn_python('-m', 'fractions', cwd=tmp_child)
+                stdout, stderr = popen.communicate()
+                self.assertEqual(stdout, b'')  # no error
 
-            popen = script_helper.spawn_python('-c', 'import fractions', cwd=tmp_child)
-            stdout, stderr = popen.communicate()
-            self.assertEqual(stdout, b'')  # no error
+                popen = script_helper.spawn_python('-c', 'import fractions', cwd=tmp_child)
+                stdout, stderr = popen.communicate()
+                self.assertEqual(stdout, b'')  # no error
 
     def test_package_shadowing_stdlib_module(self):
-        with os_helper.temp_dir() as tmp:
-            os.mkdir(os.path.join(tmp, "fractions"))
-            with open(os.path.join(tmp, "fractions", "__init__.py"), "w", encoding='utf-8') as f:
-                f.write("shadowing_module = True")
-            with open(os.path.join(tmp, "main.py"), "w", encoding='utf-8') as f:
-                f.write("""
-import fractions
-fractions.shadowing_module
-fractions.Fraction
-""")
-
-            expected_error = (
-                rb"AttributeError: module 'fractions' has no attribute 'Fraction' "
-                rb"\(consider renaming '.*fractions.__init__.py' since it has the "
-                rb"same name as the standard library module named 'fractions' "
-                rb"and the import system gives it precedence\)"
+        script_errors = [
+            (
+                "fractions.Fraction",
+                rb"AttributeError: module 'fractions' has no attribute 'Fraction'"
+            ),
+            (
+                "from fractions import Fraction",
+                rb"ImportError: cannot import name 'Fraction' from 'fractions'"
             )
+        ]
+        for script, error in script_errors:
+            with self.subTest(script=script), os_helper.temp_dir() as tmp:
+                os.mkdir(os.path.join(tmp, "fractions"))
+                with open(
+                    os.path.join(tmp, "fractions", "__init__.py"), "w", encoding='utf-8'
+                ) as f:
+                    f.write("shadowing_module = True")
+                with open(os.path.join(tmp, "main.py"), "w", encoding='utf-8') as f:
+                    f.write("import fractions; fractions.shadowing_module\n")
+                    f.write(script)
+
+                expected_error = error + (
+                    rb" \(consider renaming '.*[\\/]fractions[\\/]+__init__.py' since it has the "
+                    rb"same name as the standard library module named 'fractions' "
+                    rb"and prevents importing that standard library module\)"
+                )
 
-            popen = script_helper.spawn_python(os.path.join(tmp, "main.py"), cwd=tmp)
-            stdout, stderr = popen.communicate()
-            self.assertRegex(stdout, expected_error)
+                popen = script_helper.spawn_python(os.path.join(tmp, "main.py"), cwd=tmp)
+                stdout, stderr = popen.communicate()
+                self.assertRegex(stdout, expected_error)
 
-            popen = script_helper.spawn_python('-m', 'main', cwd=tmp)
-            stdout, stderr = popen.communicate()
-            self.assertRegex(stdout, expected_error)
+                popen = script_helper.spawn_python('-m', 'main', cwd=tmp)
+                stdout, stderr = popen.communicate()
+                self.assertRegex(stdout, expected_error)
 
-            # and there's no shadowing at all when using -P
-            popen = script_helper.spawn_python('-P', 'main.py', cwd=tmp)
-            stdout, stderr = popen.communicate()
-            self.assertRegex(stdout, b"module 'fractions' has no attribute 'shadowing_module'")
+                # and there's no shadowing at all when using -P
+                popen = script_helper.spawn_python('-P', 'main.py', cwd=tmp)
+                stdout, stderr = popen.communicate()
+                self.assertRegex(stdout, b"module 'fractions' has no attribute 'shadowing_module'")
 
     def test_script_shadowing_third_party(self):
-        with os_helper.temp_dir() as tmp:
-            with open(os.path.join(tmp, "numpy.py"), "w", encoding='utf-8') as f:
-                f.write("import numpy\nnumpy.array")
-
-            expected_error = (
-                rb"AttributeError: module 'numpy' has no attribute 'array' "
-                rb"\(consider renaming '.*numpy.py' if it has the "
-                rb"same name as a third-party module you intended to import\)\s+\Z"
+        script_errors = [
+            (
+                "import numpy\nnumpy.array",
+                rb"AttributeError: module 'numpy' has no attribute 'array'"
+            ),
+            (
+                "from numpy import array",
+                rb"ImportError: cannot import name 'array' from 'numpy'"
             )
+        ]
+        for script, error in script_errors:
+            with self.subTest(script=script), os_helper.temp_dir() as tmp:
+                with open(os.path.join(tmp, "numpy.py"), "w", encoding='utf-8') as f:
+                    f.write(script)
+
+                expected_error = error + (
+                    rb" \(consider renaming '.*numpy.py' if it has the "
+                    rb"same name as a library you intended to import\)\s+\Z"
+                )
 
-            popen = script_helper.spawn_python(os.path.join(tmp, "numpy.py"))
-            stdout, stderr = popen.communicate()
-            self.assertRegex(stdout, expected_error)
+                popen = script_helper.spawn_python(os.path.join(tmp, "numpy.py"))
+                stdout, stderr = popen.communicate()
+                self.assertRegex(stdout, expected_error)
 
-            popen = script_helper.spawn_python('-m', 'numpy', cwd=tmp)
-            stdout, stderr = popen.communicate()
-            self.assertRegex(stdout, expected_error)
+                popen = script_helper.spawn_python('-m', 'numpy', cwd=tmp)
+                stdout, stderr = popen.communicate()
+                self.assertRegex(stdout, expected_error)
 
-            popen = script_helper.spawn_python('-c', 'import numpy', cwd=tmp)
-            stdout, stderr = popen.communicate()
-            self.assertRegex(stdout, expected_error)
+                popen = script_helper.spawn_python('-c', 'import numpy', cwd=tmp)
+                stdout, stderr = popen.communicate()
+                self.assertRegex(stdout, expected_error)
 
     def test_script_maybe_not_shadowing_third_party(self):
         with os_helper.temp_dir() as tmp:
@@ -893,15 +944,23 @@ def test_script_maybe_not_shadowing_third_party(self):
             expected_error = (
                 rb"AttributeError: module 'numpy' has no attribute 'attr'\s+\Z"
             )
-
             popen = script_helper.spawn_python('-c', 'import numpy; numpy.attr', cwd=tmp)
             stdout, stderr = popen.communicate()
             self.assertRegex(stdout, expected_error)
 
+            expected_error = (
+                rb"ImportError: cannot import name 'attr' from 'numpy' \(.*\)\s+\Z"
+            )
+            popen = script_helper.spawn_python('-c', 'from numpy import attr', cwd=tmp)
+            stdout, stderr = popen.communicate()
+            self.assertRegex(stdout, expected_error)
+
     def test_script_shadowing_stdlib_edge_cases(self):
         with os_helper.temp_dir() as tmp:
             with open(os.path.join(tmp, "fractions.py"), "w", encoding='utf-8') as f:
                 f.write("shadowing_module = True")
+
+            # Unhashable str subclass
             with open(os.path.join(tmp, "main.py"), "w", encoding='utf-8') as f:
                 f.write("""
 import fractions
@@ -914,11 +973,28 @@ class substr(str):
 except TypeError as e:
     print(str(e))
 """)
+            popen = script_helper.spawn_python("main.py", cwd=tmp)
+            stdout, stderr = popen.communicate()
+            self.assertEqual(stdout.rstrip(), b"unhashable type: 'substr'")
+
+            with open(os.path.join(tmp, "main.py"), "w", encoding='utf-8') as f:
+                f.write("""
+import fractions
+fractions.shadowing_module
+class substr(str):
+    __hash__ = None
+fractions.__name__ = substr('fractions')
+try:
+    from fractions import Fraction
+except TypeError as e:
+    print(str(e))
+""")
 
             popen = script_helper.spawn_python("main.py", cwd=tmp)
             stdout, stderr = popen.communicate()
             self.assertEqual(stdout.rstrip(), b"unhashable type: 'substr'")
 
+            # Various issues with sys module
             with open(os.path.join(tmp, "main.py"), "w", encoding='utf-8') as f:
                 f.write("""
 import fractions
@@ -943,18 +1019,45 @@ class substr(str):
 except AttributeError as e:
     print(str(e))
 """)
+            popen = script_helper.spawn_python("main.py", cwd=tmp)
+            stdout, stderr = popen.communicate()
+            lines = stdout.splitlines()
+            self.assertEqual(len(lines), 3)
+            for line in lines:
+                self.assertEqual(line, b"module 'fractions' has no attribute 'Fraction'")
+
+            with open(os.path.join(tmp, "main.py"), "w", encoding='utf-8') as f:
+                f.write("""
+import fractions
+fractions.shadowing_module
+
+import sys
+sys.stdlib_module_names = None
+try:
+    from fractions import Fraction
+except ImportError as e:
+    print(str(e))
+
+del sys.stdlib_module_names
+try:
+    from fractions import Fraction
+except ImportError as e:
+    print(str(e))
 
+sys.path = [0]
+try:
+    from fractions import Fraction
+except ImportError as e:
+    print(str(e))
+""")
             popen = script_helper.spawn_python("main.py", cwd=tmp)
             stdout, stderr = popen.communicate()
-            self.assertEqual(
-                stdout.splitlines(),
-                [
-                    b"module 'fractions' has no attribute 'Fraction'",
-                    b"module 'fractions' has no attribute 'Fraction'",
-                    b"module 'fractions' has no attribute 'Fraction'",
-                ],
-            )
+            lines = stdout.splitlines()
+            self.assertEqual(len(lines), 3)
+            for line in lines:
+                self.assertRegex(line, rb"cannot import name 'Fraction' from 'fractions' \(.*\)")
 
+            # Various issues with origin
             with open(os.path.join(tmp, "main.py"), "w", encoding='utf-8') as f:
                 f.write("""
 import fractions
@@ -974,37 +1077,61 @@ class substr(str):
 
             popen = script_helper.spawn_python("main.py", cwd=tmp)
             stdout, stderr = popen.communicate()
-            self.assertEqual(
-                stdout.splitlines(),
-                [
-                    b"module 'fractions' has no attribute 'Fraction'",
-                    b"module 'fractions' has no attribute 'Fraction'"
-                ],
-            )
-
-    def test_script_shadowing_stdlib_sys_path_modification(self):
-        with os_helper.temp_dir() as tmp:
-            with open(os.path.join(tmp, "fractions.py"), "w", encoding='utf-8') as f:
-                f.write("shadowing_module = True")
-
-            expected_error = (
-                rb"AttributeError: module 'fractions' has no attribute 'Fraction' "
-                rb"\(consider renaming '.*fractions.py' since it has the "
-                rb"same name as the standard library module named 'fractions' "
-                rb"and the import system gives it precedence\)"
-            )
+            lines = stdout.splitlines()
+            self.assertEqual(len(lines), 2)
+            for line in lines:
+                self.assertEqual(line, b"module 'fractions' has no attribute 'Fraction'")
 
             with open(os.path.join(tmp, "main.py"), "w", encoding='utf-8') as f:
                 f.write("""
-import sys
-sys.path.insert(0, "this_folder_does_not_exist")
 import fractions
-fractions.Fraction
-""")
+fractions.shadowing_module
+del fractions.__spec__.origin
+try:
+    from fractions import Fraction
+except ImportError as e:
+    print(str(e))
 
+fractions.__spec__.origin = 0
+try:
+    from fractions import Fraction
+except ImportError as e:
+    print(str(e))
+""")
             popen = script_helper.spawn_python("main.py", cwd=tmp)
             stdout, stderr = popen.communicate()
-            self.assertRegex(stdout, expected_error)
+            lines = stdout.splitlines()
+            self.assertEqual(len(lines), 2)
+            for line in lines:
+                self.assertRegex(line, rb"cannot import name 'Fraction' from 'fractions' \(.*\)")
+
+    def test_script_shadowing_stdlib_sys_path_modification(self):
+        script_errors = [
+            (
+                "import fractions\nfractions.Fraction",
+                rb"AttributeError: module 'fractions' has no attribute 'Fraction'"
+            ),
+            (
+                "from fractions import Fraction",
+                rb"ImportError: cannot import name 'Fraction' from 'fractions'"
+            )
+        ]
+        for script, error in script_errors:
+            with self.subTest(script=script), os_helper.temp_dir() as tmp:
+                with open(os.path.join(tmp, "fractions.py"), "w", encoding='utf-8') as f:
+                    f.write("shadowing_module = True")
+                with open(os.path.join(tmp, "main.py"), "w", encoding='utf-8') as f:
+                    f.write('import sys; sys.path.insert(0, "this_folder_does_not_exist")\n')
+                    f.write(script)
+                expected_error = error + (
+                    rb" \(consider renaming '.*fractions.py' since it has the "
+                    rb"same name as the standard library module named 'fractions' "
+                    rb"and prevents importing that standard library module\)"
+                )
+
+                popen = script_helper.spawn_python("main.py", cwd=tmp)
+                stdout, stderr = popen.communicate()
+                self.assertRegex(stdout, expected_error)
 
 
 @skip_if_dont_write_bytecode
@@ -1894,6 +2021,37 @@ def test_absolute_circular_submodule(self):
             str(cm.exception),
         )
 
+    @requires_singlephase_init
+    @unittest.skipIf(_testsinglephase is None, "test requires _testsinglephase module")
+    def test_singlephase_circular(self):
+        """Regression test for gh-123950
+
+        Import a single-phase-init module that imports itself
+        from the PyInit_* function (before it's added to sys.modules).
+        Manages its own cache (which is `static`, and so incompatible
+        with multiple interpreters or interpreter reset).
+        """
+        name = '_testsinglephase_circular'
+        helper_name = 'test.test_import.data.circular_imports.singlephase'
+        with uncache(name, helper_name):
+            filename = _testsinglephase.__file__
+            # We don't put the module in sys.modules: that the *inner*
+            # import should do that.
+            mod = import_extension_from_file(name, filename,
+                                             put_in_sys_modules=False)
+
+            self.assertEqual(mod.helper_mod_name, helper_name)
+            self.assertIn(name, sys.modules)
+            self.assertIn(helper_name, sys.modules)
+
+            self.assertIn(name, sys.modules)
+            self.assertIn(helper_name, sys.modules)
+        self.assertNotIn(name, sys.modules)
+        self.assertNotIn(helper_name, sys.modules)
+        self.assertIs(mod.clear_static_var(), mod)
+        _testinternalcapi.clear_extension('_testsinglephase_circular',
+                                          mod.__spec__.origin)
+
     def test_unwritable_module(self):
         self.addCleanup(unload, "test.test_import.data.unwritable")
         self.addCleanup(unload, "test.test_import.data.unwritable.x")
@@ -1933,14 +2091,6 @@ def pipe(self):
             os.set_blocking(r, False)
         return (r, w)
 
-    def create_extension_loader(self, modname, filename):
-        # Apple extensions must be distributed as frameworks. This requires
-        # a specialist loader.
-        if is_apple_mobile:
-            return AppleFrameworkLoader(modname, filename)
-        else:
-            return ExtensionFileLoader(modname, filename)
-
     def import_script(self, name, fd, filename=None, check_override=None):
         override_text = ''
         if check_override is not None:
@@ -2138,6 +2288,8 @@ def test_single_init_extension_compat(self):
             self.check_incompatible_here(module)
         with self.subTest(f'{module}: strict, fresh'):
             self.check_incompatible_fresh(module)
+        with self.subTest(f'{module}: isolated, fresh'):
+            self.check_incompatible_fresh(module, isolated=True)
 
     @unittest.skipIf(_testmultiphase is None, "test requires _testmultiphase module")
     def test_multi_init_extension_compat(self):
@@ -2155,11 +2307,7 @@ def test_multi_init_extension_compat(self):
     def test_multi_init_extension_non_isolated_compat(self):
         modname = '_test_non_isolated'
         filename = _testmultiphase.__file__
-        loader = self.create_extension_loader(modname, filename)
-        spec = importlib.util.spec_from_loader(modname, loader)
-        module = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec)
-        loader.exec_module(module)
-        sys.modules[modname] = module
+        module = import_extension_from_file(modname, filename)
 
         require_extension(module)
         with self.subTest(f'{modname}: isolated'):
@@ -2174,11 +2322,7 @@ def test_multi_init_extension_non_isolated_compat(self):
     def test_multi_init_extension_per_interpreter_gil_compat(self):
         modname = '_test_shared_gil_only'
         filename = _testmultiphase.__file__
-        loader = self.create_extension_loader(modname, filename)
-        spec = importlib.util.spec_from_loader(modname, loader)
-        module = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec)
-        loader.exec_module(module)
-        sys.modules[modname] = module
+        module = import_extension_from_file(modname, filename)
 
         require_extension(module)
         with self.subTest(f'{modname}: isolated, strict'):
@@ -2924,7 +3068,7 @@ def test_basic_multiple_interpreters_main_no_reset(self):
         #  * alive in 1 interpreter (main)
         #  * module def still in _PyRuntime.imports.extensions
         #  * mod init func ran again
-        #  * m_copy is NULL (claered when the interpreter was destroyed)
+        #  * m_copy is NULL (cleared when the interpreter was destroyed)
         #    (was from main interpreter)
         #  * module's global state was updated, not reset
 
@@ -3059,7 +3203,7 @@ def test_basic_multiple_interpreters_reset_each(self):
         #  * alive in 0 interpreters
         #  * module def in _PyRuntime.imports.extensions
         #  * mod init func ran for the first time (since reset, at least)
-        #  * m_copy is NULL (claered when the interpreter was destroyed)
+        #  * m_copy is NULL (cleared when the interpreter was destroyed)
         #  * module's global state was initialized, not reset
 
         # Use a subinterpreter that sticks around.
@@ -3111,6 +3255,17 @@ def test_pyimport_addmodule_create(self):
         self.assertIs(mod, sys.modules[name])
 
 
+@cpython_only
+class TestMagicNumber(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_magic_number_endianness(self):
+        magic_number_bytes = _imp.pyc_magic_number_token.to_bytes(4, 'little')
+        self.assertEqual(magic_number_bytes[2:], b'\r\n')
+        # Starting with Python 3.11, Python 3.n starts with magic number 2900+50n.
+        magic_number = int.from_bytes(magic_number_bytes[:2], 'little')
+        start = 2900 + sys.version_info.minor * 50
+        self.assertIn(magic_number, range(start, start + 50))
+
+
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     # Test needs to be a package, so we can do relative imports.
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_import/data/circular_imports/singlephase.py b/Lib/test/test_import/data/circular_imports/singlephase.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..05618bc72f9327
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/test_import/data/circular_imports/singlephase.py
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+"""Circular import involving a single-phase-init extension.
+
+This module is imported from the _testsinglephase_circular module from
+_testsinglephase, and imports that module again.
+"""
+
+import importlib
+import _testsinglephase
+from test.test_import import import_extension_from_file
+
+name = '_testsinglephase_circular'
+filename = _testsinglephase.__file__
+mod = import_extension_from_file(name, filename)
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_importlib/metadata/fixtures.py b/Lib/test/test_importlib/metadata/fixtures.py
index 7ff94c9afe88e1..826b1b3259b4cd 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_importlib/metadata/fixtures.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_importlib/metadata/fixtures.py
@@ -1,10 +1,8 @@
-import os
 import sys
 import copy
 import json
 import shutil
 import pathlib
-import tempfile
 import textwrap
 import functools
 import contextlib
@@ -27,29 +25,12 @@
 
 
 @contextlib.contextmanager
-def tempdir():
-    tmpdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
-    try:
-        yield pathlib.Path(tmpdir)
-    finally:
-        shutil.rmtree(tmpdir)
-
-
-@contextlib.contextmanager
-def save_cwd():
-    orig = os.getcwd()
-    try:
-        yield
-    finally:
-        os.chdir(orig)
-
-
-@contextlib.contextmanager
-def tempdir_as_cwd():
-    with tempdir() as tmp:
-        with save_cwd():
-            os.chdir(str(tmp))
-            yield tmp
+def tmp_path():
+    """
+    Like os_helper.temp_dir, but yields a pathlib.Path.
+    """
+    with os_helper.temp_dir() as path:
+        yield pathlib.Path(path)
 
 
 @contextlib.contextmanager
@@ -70,7 +51,7 @@ def setUp(self):
 class SiteDir(Fixtures):
     def setUp(self):
         super().setUp()
-        self.site_dir = self.fixtures.enter_context(tempdir())
+        self.site_dir = self.fixtures.enter_context(tmp_path())
 
 
 class OnSysPath(Fixtures):
@@ -253,6 +234,40 @@ def main():
     }
 
 
+class EggInfoPkgPipInstalledExternalDataFiles(OnSysPath, SiteBuilder):
+    files: FilesSpec = {
+        "egg_with_module_pkg.egg-info": {
+            "PKG-INFO": "Name: egg_with_module-pkg",
+            # SOURCES.txt is made from the source archive, and contains files
+            # (setup.py) that are not present after installation.
+            "SOURCES.txt": """
+                egg_with_module.py
+                setup.py
+                egg_with_module.json
+                egg_with_module_pkg.egg-info/PKG-INFO
+                egg_with_module_pkg.egg-info/SOURCES.txt
+                egg_with_module_pkg.egg-info/top_level.txt
+            """,
+            # installed-files.txt is written by pip, and is a strictly more
+            # accurate source than SOURCES.txt as to the installed contents of
+            # the package.
+            "installed-files.txt": """
+                ../../../etc/jupyter/jupyter_notebook_config.d/relative.json
+                /etc/jupyter/jupyter_notebook_config.d/absolute.json
+                ../egg_with_module.py
+                PKG-INFO
+                SOURCES.txt
+                top_level.txt
+            """,
+            # missing top_level.txt (to trigger fallback to installed-files.txt)
+        },
+        "egg_with_module.py": """
+            def main():
+                print("hello world")
+            """,
+    }
+
+
 class EggInfoPkgPipInstalledNoModules(OnSysPath, SiteBuilder):
     files: FilesSpec = {
         "egg_with_no_modules_pkg.egg-info": {
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_importlib/metadata/test_api.py b/Lib/test/test_importlib/metadata/test_api.py
index 33c6e85ee94753..2256e0c502e46f 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_importlib/metadata/test_api.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_importlib/metadata/test_api.py
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ class APITests(
     fixtures.EggInfoPkg,
     fixtures.EggInfoPkgPipInstalledNoToplevel,
     fixtures.EggInfoPkgPipInstalledNoModules,
+    fixtures.EggInfoPkgPipInstalledExternalDataFiles,
     fixtures.EggInfoPkgSourcesFallback,
     fixtures.DistInfoPkg,
     fixtures.DistInfoPkgWithDot,
@@ -109,7 +110,7 @@ def test_entry_points_unique_packages_normalized(self):
         Entry points should only be exposed for the first package
         on sys.path with a given name (even when normalized).
         """
-        alt_site_dir = self.fixtures.enter_context(fixtures.tempdir())
+        alt_site_dir = self.fixtures.enter_context(fixtures.tmp_path())
         self.fixtures.enter_context(self.add_sys_path(alt_site_dir))
         alt_pkg = {
             "DistInfo_pkg-1.1.0.dist-info": {
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_importlib/metadata/test_main.py b/Lib/test/test_importlib/metadata/test_main.py
index c4accaeb9ba9ed..e4218076f8cb0e 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_importlib/metadata/test_main.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_importlib/metadata/test_main.py
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ def test_unique_distributions(self):
         fixtures.build_files(self.make_pkg('abc'), self.site_dir)
         before = list(_unique(distributions()))
 
-        alt_site_dir = self.fixtures.enter_context(fixtures.tempdir())
+        alt_site_dir = self.fixtures.enter_context(fixtures.tmp_path())
         self.fixtures.enter_context(self.add_sys_path(alt_site_dir))
         fixtures.build_files(self.make_pkg('ABC'), alt_site_dir)
         after = list(_unique(distributions()))
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/data01/__init__.py b/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/data01/__init__.py
deleted file mode 100644
index e69de29bb2d1d6..00000000000000
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/data01/binary.file b/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/data01/binary.file
deleted file mode 100644
index eaf36c1daccfdf..00000000000000
Binary files a/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/data01/binary.file and /dev/null differ
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/data01/subdirectory/__init__.py b/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/data01/subdirectory/__init__.py
deleted file mode 100644
index e69de29bb2d1d6..00000000000000
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/data01/subdirectory/binary.file b/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/data01/subdirectory/binary.file
deleted file mode 100644
index 5bd8bb897b1322..00000000000000
--- a/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/data01/subdirectory/binary.file
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/data01/utf-16.file b/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/data01/utf-16.file
deleted file mode 100644
index 2cb772295ef4b4..00000000000000
Binary files a/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/data01/utf-16.file and /dev/null differ
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/data01/utf-8.file b/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/data01/utf-8.file
deleted file mode 100644
index 1c0132ad90a192..00000000000000
--- a/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/data01/utf-8.file
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Hello, UTF-8 world!
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/data02/__init__.py b/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/data02/__init__.py
deleted file mode 100644
index e69de29bb2d1d6..00000000000000
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/data02/one/__init__.py b/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/data02/one/__init__.py
deleted file mode 100644
index e69de29bb2d1d6..00000000000000
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/data02/one/resource1.txt b/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/data02/one/resource1.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 61a813e40174a6..00000000000000
--- a/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/data02/one/resource1.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-one resource
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/data02/subdirectory/subsubdir/resource.txt b/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/data02/subdirectory/subsubdir/resource.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 48f587a2d0ac53..00000000000000
--- a/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/data02/subdirectory/subsubdir/resource.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-a resource
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/data02/two/__init__.py b/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/data02/two/__init__.py
deleted file mode 100644
index e69de29bb2d1d6..00000000000000
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/data02/two/resource2.txt b/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/data02/two/resource2.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index a80ce46ea362e2..00000000000000
--- a/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/data02/two/resource2.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-two resource
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/data03/__init__.py b/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/data03/__init__.py
deleted file mode 100644
index e69de29bb2d1d6..00000000000000
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/data03/namespace/portion1/__init__.py b/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/data03/namespace/portion1/__init__.py
deleted file mode 100644
index e69de29bb2d1d6..00000000000000
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/data03/namespace/portion2/__init__.py b/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/data03/namespace/portion2/__init__.py
deleted file mode 100644
index e69de29bb2d1d6..00000000000000
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/data03/namespace/resource1.txt b/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/data03/namespace/resource1.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index e69de29bb2d1d6..00000000000000
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/namespacedata01/binary.file b/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/namespacedata01/binary.file
deleted file mode 100644
index eaf36c1daccfdf..00000000000000
Binary files a/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/namespacedata01/binary.file and /dev/null differ
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/namespacedata01/subdirectory/binary.file b/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/namespacedata01/subdirectory/binary.file
deleted file mode 100644
index 100f50643d8d21..00000000000000
--- a/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/namespacedata01/subdirectory/binary.file
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-

\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/namespacedata01/utf-16.file b/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/namespacedata01/utf-16.file
deleted file mode 100644
index 2cb772295ef4b4..00000000000000
Binary files a/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/namespacedata01/utf-16.file and /dev/null differ
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/namespacedata01/utf-8.file b/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/namespacedata01/utf-8.file
deleted file mode 100644
index 1c0132ad90a192..00000000000000
--- a/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/namespacedata01/utf-8.file
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Hello, UTF-8 world!
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/test_contents.py b/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/test_contents.py
index beab67ccc21680..4e4e0e9c337f23 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/test_contents.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/test_contents.py
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import unittest
 from importlib import resources
 
-from . import data01
 from . import util
 
 
@@ -19,16 +18,17 @@ def test_contents(self):
         assert self.expected <= contents
 
 
-class ContentsDiskTests(ContentsTests, unittest.TestCase):
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.data = data01
+class ContentsDiskTests(ContentsTests, util.DiskSetup, unittest.TestCase):
+    pass
 
 
 class ContentsZipTests(ContentsTests, util.ZipSetup, unittest.TestCase):
     pass
 
 
-class ContentsNamespaceTests(ContentsTests, unittest.TestCase):
+class ContentsNamespaceTests(ContentsTests, util.DiskSetup, unittest.TestCase):
+    MODULE = 'namespacedata01'
+
     expected = {
         # no __init__ because of namespace design
         'binary.file',
@@ -36,8 +36,3 @@ class ContentsNamespaceTests(ContentsTests, unittest.TestCase):
         'utf-16.file',
         'utf-8.file',
     }
-
-    def setUp(self):
-        from . import namespacedata01
-
-        self.data = namespacedata01
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/test_files.py b/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/test_files.py
index 7df6d03ead7480..933894dce2c045 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/test_files.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/test_files.py
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+import os
+import pathlib
+import py_compile
+import shutil
 import textwrap
 import unittest
 import warnings
@@ -6,11 +10,8 @@
 
 from importlib import resources
 from importlib.resources.abc import Traversable
-from . import data01
 from . import util
-from . import _path
-from test.support import os_helper
-from test.support import import_helper
+from test.support import os_helper, import_helper
 
 
 @contextlib.contextmanager
@@ -48,70 +49,125 @@ def test_old_parameter(self):
             resources.files(package=self.data)
 
 
-class OpenDiskTests(FilesTests, unittest.TestCase):
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.data = data01
+class OpenDiskTests(FilesTests, util.DiskSetup, unittest.TestCase):
+    pass
 
 
 class OpenZipTests(FilesTests, util.ZipSetup, unittest.TestCase):
     pass
 
 
-class OpenNamespaceTests(FilesTests, unittest.TestCase):
-    def setUp(self):
-        from . import namespacedata01
-
-        self.data = namespacedata01
+class OpenNamespaceTests(FilesTests, util.DiskSetup, unittest.TestCase):
+    MODULE = 'namespacedata01'
 
 
 class OpenNamespaceZipTests(FilesTests, util.ZipSetup, unittest.TestCase):
     ZIP_MODULE = 'namespacedata01'
 
 
-class SiteDir:
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.fixtures = contextlib.ExitStack()
-        self.addCleanup(self.fixtures.close)
-        self.site_dir = self.fixtures.enter_context(os_helper.temp_dir())
-        self.fixtures.enter_context(import_helper.DirsOnSysPath(self.site_dir))
-        self.fixtures.enter_context(import_helper.isolated_modules())
+class DirectSpec:
+    """
+    Override behavior of ModuleSetup to write a full spec directly.
+    """
+
+    MODULE = 'unused'
+
+    def load_fixture(self, name):
+        self.tree_on_path(self.spec)
+
 
+class ModulesFiles:
+    spec = {
+        'mod.py': '',
+        'res.txt': 'resources are the best',
+    }
 
-class ModulesFilesTests(SiteDir, unittest.TestCase):
     def test_module_resources(self):
         """
         A module can have resources found adjacent to the module.
         """
-        spec = {
-            'mod.py': '',
-            'res.txt': 'resources are the best',
-        }
-        _path.build(spec, self.site_dir)
         import mod
 
         actual = resources.files(mod).joinpath('res.txt').read_text(encoding='utf-8')
-        assert actual == spec['res.txt']
+        assert actual == self.spec['res.txt']
+
+
+class ModuleFilesDiskTests(DirectSpec, util.DiskSetup, ModulesFiles, unittest.TestCase):
+    pass
 
 
-class ImplicitContextFilesTests(SiteDir, unittest.TestCase):
-    def test_implicit_files(self):
+class ModuleFilesZipTests(DirectSpec, util.ZipSetup, ModulesFiles, unittest.TestCase):
+    pass
+
+
+class ImplicitContextFiles:
+    set_val = textwrap.dedent(
+        f"""
+        import {resources.__name__} as res
+        val = res.files().joinpath('res.txt').read_text(encoding='utf-8')
+        """
+    )
+    spec = {
+        'somepkg': {
+            '__init__.py': set_val,
+            'submod.py': set_val,
+            'res.txt': 'resources are the best',
+        },
+        'frozenpkg': {
+            '__init__.py': set_val.replace(resources.__name__, 'c_resources'),
+            'res.txt': 'resources are the best',
+        },
+    }
+
+    def test_implicit_files_package(self):
         """
         Without any parameter, files() will infer the location as the caller.
         """
-        spec = {
-            'somepkg': {
-                '__init__.py': textwrap.dedent(
-                    """
-                    import importlib.resources as res
-                    val = res.files().joinpath('res.txt').read_text(encoding='utf-8')
-                    """
-                ),
-                'res.txt': 'resources are the best',
-            },
-        }
-        _path.build(spec, self.site_dir)
         assert importlib.import_module('somepkg').val == 'resources are the best'
 
+    def test_implicit_files_submodule(self):
+        """
+        Without any parameter, files() will infer the location as the caller.
+        """
+        assert importlib.import_module('somepkg.submod').val == 'resources are the best'
+
+    def _compile_importlib(self):
+        """
+        Make a compiled-only copy of the importlib resources package.
+
+        Currently only code is copied, as importlib resources doesn't itself
+        have any resources.
+        """
+        bin_site = self.fixtures.enter_context(os_helper.temp_dir())
+        c_resources = pathlib.Path(bin_site, 'c_resources')
+        sources = pathlib.Path(resources.__file__).parent
+
+        for source_path in sources.glob('**/*.py'):
+            c_path = c_resources.joinpath(source_path.relative_to(sources)).with_suffix('.pyc')
+            py_compile.compile(source_path, c_path)
+        self.fixtures.enter_context(import_helper.DirsOnSysPath(bin_site))
+
+    def test_implicit_files_with_compiled_importlib(self):
+        """
+        Caller detection works for compiled-only resources module.
+
+        python/cpython#123085
+        """
+        self._compile_importlib()
+        assert importlib.import_module('frozenpkg').val == 'resources are the best'
+
+
+class ImplicitContextFilesDiskTests(
+    DirectSpec, util.DiskSetup, ImplicitContextFiles, unittest.TestCase
+):
+    pass
+
+
+class ImplicitContextFilesZipTests(
+    DirectSpec, util.ZipSetup, ImplicitContextFiles, unittest.TestCase
+):
+    pass
+
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/test_functional.py b/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/test_functional.py
index d60a2bedd89798..4317abf3162c52 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/test_functional.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/test_functional.py
@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
 import unittest
 import os
+import importlib
 
-from test.support.warnings_helper import ignore_warnings, check_warnings
+from test.support import warnings_helper
 
-import importlib.resources as resources
+from importlib import resources
+
+from . import util
 
 # Since the functional API forwards to Traversable, we only test
 # filesystem resources here -- not zip files, namespace packages etc.
@@ -11,19 +14,27 @@
 
 
 class StringAnchorMixin:
-    anchor01 = 'test.test_importlib.resources.data01'
-    anchor02 = 'test.test_importlib.resources.data02'
+    anchor01 = 'data01'
+    anchor02 = 'data02'
 
 
 class ModuleAnchorMixin:
-    from . import data01 as anchor01
-    from . import data02 as anchor02
+    @property
+    def anchor01(self):
+        return importlib.import_module('data01')
+
+    @property
+    def anchor02(self):
+        return importlib.import_module('data02')
+
 
+class FunctionalAPIBase(util.DiskSetup):
+    def setUp(self):
+        super().setUp()
+        self.load_fixture('data02')
 
-class FunctionalAPIBase:
     def _gen_resourcetxt_path_parts(self):
-        """Yield various names of a text file in anchor02, each in a subTest
-        """
+        """Yield various names of a text file in anchor02, each in a subTest"""
         for path_parts in (
             ('subdirectory', 'subsubdir', 'resource.txt'),
             ('subdirectory/subsubdir/resource.txt',),
@@ -36,7 +47,7 @@ def assertEndsWith(self, string, suffix):
         """Assert that `string` ends with `suffix`.
 
         Used to ignore an architecture-specific UTF-16 byte-order mark."""
-        self.assertEqual(string[-len(suffix):], suffix)
+        self.assertEqual(string[-len(suffix) :], suffix)
 
     def test_read_text(self):
         self.assertEqual(
@@ -45,7 +56,10 @@ def test_read_text(self):
         )
         self.assertEqual(
             resources.read_text(
-                self.anchor02, 'subdirectory', 'subsubdir', 'resource.txt',
+                self.anchor02,
+                'subdirectory',
+                'subsubdir',
+                'resource.txt',
                 encoding='utf-8',
             ),
             'a resource',
@@ -53,7 +67,9 @@ def test_read_text(self):
         for path_parts in self._gen_resourcetxt_path_parts():
             self.assertEqual(
                 resources.read_text(
-                    self.anchor02, *path_parts, encoding='utf-8',
+                    self.anchor02,
+                    *path_parts,
+                    encoding='utf-8',
                 ),
                 'a resource',
             )
@@ -67,13 +83,16 @@ def test_read_text(self):
             resources.read_text(self.anchor01, 'utf-16.file')
         self.assertEqual(
             resources.read_text(
-                self.anchor01, 'binary.file', encoding='latin1',
+                self.anchor01,
+                'binary.file',
+                encoding='latin1',
             ),
             '\x00\x01\x02\x03',
         )
         self.assertEndsWith(  # ignore the BOM
             resources.read_text(
-                self.anchor01, 'utf-16.file',
+                self.anchor01,
+                'utf-16.file',
                 errors='backslashreplace',
             ),
             'Hello, UTF-16 world!\n'.encode('utf-16-le').decode(
@@ -97,7 +116,8 @@ def test_open_text(self):
             self.assertEqual(f.read(), 'Hello, UTF-8 world!\n')
         for path_parts in self._gen_resourcetxt_path_parts():
             with resources.open_text(
-                self.anchor02, *path_parts,
+                self.anchor02,
+                *path_parts,
                 encoding='utf-8',
             ) as f:
                 self.assertEqual(f.read(), 'a resource')
@@ -111,11 +131,14 @@ def test_open_text(self):
             with self.assertRaises(UnicodeDecodeError):
                 f.read()
         with resources.open_text(
-            self.anchor01, 'binary.file', encoding='latin1',
+            self.anchor01,
+            'binary.file',
+            encoding='latin1',
         ) as f:
             self.assertEqual(f.read(), '\x00\x01\x02\x03')
         with resources.open_text(
-            self.anchor01, 'utf-16.file',
+            self.anchor01,
+            'utf-16.file',
             errors='backslashreplace',
         ) as f:
             self.assertEndsWith(  # ignore the BOM
@@ -130,16 +153,17 @@ def test_open_binary(self):
             self.assertEqual(f.read(), b'Hello, UTF-8 world!\n')
         for path_parts in self._gen_resourcetxt_path_parts():
             with resources.open_binary(
-                self.anchor02, *path_parts,
+                self.anchor02,
+                *path_parts,
             ) as f:
                 self.assertEqual(f.read(), b'a resource')
 
     def test_path(self):
         with resources.path(self.anchor01, 'utf-8.file') as path:
-            with open(str(path)) as f:
+            with open(str(path), encoding='utf-8') as f:
                 self.assertEqual(f.read(), 'Hello, UTF-8 world!\n')
         with resources.path(self.anchor01) as path:
-            with open(os.path.join(path, 'utf-8.file')) as f:
+            with open(os.path.join(path, 'utf-8.file'), encoding='utf-8') as f:
                 self.assertEqual(f.read(), 'Hello, UTF-8 world!\n')
 
     def test_is_resource(self):
@@ -152,32 +176,32 @@ def test_is_resource(self):
             self.assertTrue(is_resource(self.anchor02, *path_parts))
 
     def test_contents(self):
-        is_resource = resources.is_resource
-        with check_warnings((".*contents.*", DeprecationWarning)):
+        with warnings_helper.check_warnings((".*contents.*", DeprecationWarning)):
             c = resources.contents(self.anchor01)
         self.assertGreaterEqual(
             set(c),
             {'utf-8.file', 'utf-16.file', 'binary.file', 'subdirectory'},
         )
-        with (
-            self.assertRaises(OSError),
-            check_warnings((".*contents.*", DeprecationWarning)),
-        ):
+        with self.assertRaises(OSError), warnings_helper.check_warnings((
+            ".*contents.*",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+        )):
             list(resources.contents(self.anchor01, 'utf-8.file'))
+
         for path_parts in self._gen_resourcetxt_path_parts():
-            with (
-                self.assertRaises(OSError),
-                check_warnings((".*contents.*", DeprecationWarning)),
-            ):
+            with self.assertRaises(OSError), warnings_helper.check_warnings((
+                ".*contents.*",
+                DeprecationWarning,
+            )):
                 list(resources.contents(self.anchor01, *path_parts))
-        with check_warnings((".*contents.*", DeprecationWarning)):
+        with warnings_helper.check_warnings((".*contents.*", DeprecationWarning)):
             c = resources.contents(self.anchor01, 'subdirectory')
         self.assertGreaterEqual(
             set(c),
             {'binary.file'},
         )
 
-    @ignore_warnings(category=DeprecationWarning)
+    @warnings_helper.ignore_warnings(category=DeprecationWarning)
     def test_common_errors(self):
         for func in (
             resources.read_text,
@@ -208,18 +232,24 @@ def test_text_errors(self):
                 # Multiple path arguments need explicit encoding argument.
                 with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
                     func(
-                        self.anchor02, 'subdirectory',
-                        'subsubdir', 'resource.txt',
+                        self.anchor02,
+                        'subdirectory',
+                        'subsubdir',
+                        'resource.txt',
                     )
 
 
 class FunctionalAPITest_StringAnchor(
-    unittest.TestCase, FunctionalAPIBase, StringAnchorMixin,
+    StringAnchorMixin,
+    FunctionalAPIBase,
+    unittest.TestCase,
 ):
     pass
 
 
 class FunctionalAPITest_ModuleAnchor(
-    unittest.TestCase, FunctionalAPIBase, ModuleAnchorMixin,
+    ModuleAnchorMixin,
+    FunctionalAPIBase,
+    unittest.TestCase,
 ):
     pass
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/test_open.py b/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/test_open.py
index 3b6b2142ef47b1..8c00378ad3cc9c 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/test_open.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/test_open.py
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import unittest
 
 from importlib import resources
-from . import data01
 from . import util
 
 
@@ -65,16 +64,12 @@ def test_open_text_FileNotFoundError(self):
             target.open(encoding='utf-8')
 
 
-class OpenDiskTests(OpenTests, unittest.TestCase):
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.data = data01
-
+class OpenDiskTests(OpenTests, util.DiskSetup, unittest.TestCase):
+    pass
 
-class OpenDiskNamespaceTests(OpenTests, unittest.TestCase):
-    def setUp(self):
-        from . import namespacedata01
 
-        self.data = namespacedata01
+class OpenDiskNamespaceTests(OpenTests, util.DiskSetup, unittest.TestCase):
+    MODULE = 'namespacedata01'
 
 
 class OpenZipTests(OpenTests, util.ZipSetup, unittest.TestCase):
@@ -82,7 +77,7 @@ class OpenZipTests(OpenTests, util.ZipSetup, unittest.TestCase):
 
 
 class OpenNamespaceZipTests(OpenTests, util.ZipSetup, unittest.TestCase):
-    ZIP_MODULE = 'namespacedata01'
+    MODULE = 'namespacedata01'
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/test_path.py b/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/test_path.py
index 90b22905ab8692..378dc7a2baeb23 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/test_path.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/test_path.py
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 import unittest
 
 from importlib import resources
-from . import data01
 from . import util
 
 
@@ -25,9 +24,7 @@ def test_reading(self):
             self.assertEqual('Hello, UTF-8 world!\n', path.read_text(encoding='utf-8'))
 
 
-class PathDiskTests(PathTests, unittest.TestCase):
-    data = data01
-
+class PathDiskTests(PathTests, util.DiskSetup, unittest.TestCase):
     def test_natural_path(self):
         # Guarantee the internal implementation detail that
         # file-system-backed resources do not get the tempdir
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/test_read.py b/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/test_read.py
index 984feecbb9ed69..59c237d964121e 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/test_read.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/test_read.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import unittest
 
 from importlib import import_module, resources
-from . import data01
+
 from . import util
 
 
@@ -51,8 +51,8 @@ def test_read_text_with_errors(self):
         )
 
 
-class ReadDiskTests(ReadTests, unittest.TestCase):
-    data = data01
+class ReadDiskTests(ReadTests, util.DiskSetup, unittest.TestCase):
+    pass
 
 
 class ReadZipTests(ReadTests, util.ZipSetup, unittest.TestCase):
@@ -68,15 +68,12 @@ def test_read_submodule_resource_by_name(self):
         self.assertEqual(result, bytes(range(4, 8)))
 
 
-class ReadNamespaceTests(ReadTests, unittest.TestCase):
-    def setUp(self):
-        from . import namespacedata01
-
-        self.data = namespacedata01
+class ReadNamespaceTests(ReadTests, util.DiskSetup, unittest.TestCase):
+    MODULE = 'namespacedata01'
 
 
 class ReadNamespaceZipTests(ReadTests, util.ZipSetup, unittest.TestCase):
-    ZIP_MODULE = 'namespacedata01'
+    MODULE = 'namespacedata01'
 
     def test_read_submodule_resource(self):
         submodule = import_module('namespacedata01.subdirectory')
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/test_reader.py b/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/test_reader.py
index dac9c2a892ffd2..ed5693ab416798 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/test_reader.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/test_reader.py
@@ -1,16 +1,21 @@
 import os.path
-import sys
 import pathlib
 import unittest
 
 from importlib import import_module
 from importlib.readers import MultiplexedPath, NamespaceReader
 
+from . import util
 
-class MultiplexedPathTest(unittest.TestCase):
-    @classmethod
-    def setUpClass(cls):
-        cls.folder = pathlib.Path(__file__).parent / 'namespacedata01'
+
+class MultiplexedPathTest(util.DiskSetup, unittest.TestCase):
+    MODULE = 'namespacedata01'
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        super().setUp()
+        self.folder = pathlib.Path(self.data.__path__[0])
+        self.data01 = pathlib.Path(self.load_fixture('data01').__file__).parent
+        self.data02 = pathlib.Path(self.load_fixture('data02').__file__).parent
 
     def test_init_no_paths(self):
         with self.assertRaises(FileNotFoundError):
@@ -31,9 +36,8 @@ def test_iterdir(self):
         )
 
     def test_iterdir_duplicate(self):
-        data01 = pathlib.Path(__file__).parent.joinpath('data01')
         contents = {
-            path.name for path in MultiplexedPath(self.folder, data01).iterdir()
+            path.name for path in MultiplexedPath(self.folder, self.data01).iterdir()
         }
         for remove in ('__pycache__', '__init__.pyc'):
             try:
@@ -61,9 +65,8 @@ def test_open_file(self):
             path.open()
 
     def test_join_path(self):
-        data01 = pathlib.Path(__file__).parent.joinpath('data01')
-        prefix = str(data01.parent)
-        path = MultiplexedPath(self.folder, data01)
+        prefix = str(self.folder.parent)
+        path = MultiplexedPath(self.folder, self.data01)
         self.assertEqual(
             str(path.joinpath('binary.file'))[len(prefix) + 1 :],
             os.path.join('namespacedata01', 'binary.file'),
@@ -83,10 +86,8 @@ def test_join_path_compound(self):
         assert not path.joinpath('imaginary/foo.py').exists()
 
     def test_join_path_common_subdir(self):
-        data01 = pathlib.Path(__file__).parent.joinpath('data01')
-        data02 = pathlib.Path(__file__).parent.joinpath('data02')
-        prefix = str(data01.parent)
-        path = MultiplexedPath(data01, data02)
+        prefix = str(self.data02.parent)
+        path = MultiplexedPath(self.data01, self.data02)
         self.assertIsInstance(path.joinpath('subdirectory'), MultiplexedPath)
         self.assertEqual(
             str(path.joinpath('subdirectory', 'subsubdir'))[len(prefix) + 1 :],
@@ -106,16 +107,8 @@ def test_name(self):
         )
 
 
-class NamespaceReaderTest(unittest.TestCase):
-    site_dir = str(pathlib.Path(__file__).parent)
-
-    @classmethod
-    def setUpClass(cls):
-        sys.path.append(cls.site_dir)
-
-    @classmethod
-    def tearDownClass(cls):
-        sys.path.remove(cls.site_dir)
+class NamespaceReaderTest(util.DiskSetup, unittest.TestCase):
+    MODULE = 'namespacedata01'
 
     def test_init_error(self):
         with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
@@ -125,7 +118,7 @@ def test_resource_path(self):
         namespacedata01 = import_module('namespacedata01')
         reader = NamespaceReader(namespacedata01.__spec__.submodule_search_locations)
 
-        root = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(__file__, '..', 'namespacedata01'))
+        root = self.data.__path__[0]
         self.assertEqual(
             reader.resource_path('binary.file'), os.path.join(root, 'binary.file')
         )
@@ -134,9 +127,8 @@ def test_resource_path(self):
         )
 
     def test_files(self):
-        namespacedata01 = import_module('namespacedata01')
-        reader = NamespaceReader(namespacedata01.__spec__.submodule_search_locations)
-        root = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(__file__, '..', 'namespacedata01'))
+        reader = NamespaceReader(self.data.__spec__.submodule_search_locations)
+        root = self.data.__path__[0]
         self.assertIsInstance(reader.files(), MultiplexedPath)
         self.assertEqual(repr(reader.files()), f"MultiplexedPath('{root}')")
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/test_resource.py b/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/test_resource.py
index d1d45d9b4617f3..fcede14b891a84 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/test_resource.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/test_resource.py
@@ -1,8 +1,5 @@
-import sys
 import unittest
-import pathlib
 
-from . import data01
 from . import util
 from importlib import resources, import_module
 
@@ -24,9 +21,8 @@ def test_is_dir(self):
         self.assertTrue(target.is_dir())
 
 
-class ResourceDiskTests(ResourceTests, unittest.TestCase):
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.data = data01
+class ResourceDiskTests(ResourceTests, util.DiskSetup, unittest.TestCase):
+    pass
 
 
 class ResourceZipTests(ResourceTests, util.ZipSetup, unittest.TestCase):
@@ -37,33 +33,39 @@ def names(traversable):
     return {item.name for item in traversable.iterdir()}
 
 
-class ResourceLoaderTests(unittest.TestCase):
+class ResourceLoaderTests(util.DiskSetup, unittest.TestCase):
     def test_resource_contents(self):
         package = util.create_package(
-            file=data01, path=data01.__file__, contents=['A', 'B', 'C']
+            file=self.data, path=self.data.__file__, contents=['A', 'B', 'C']
         )
         self.assertEqual(names(resources.files(package)), {'A', 'B', 'C'})
 
     def test_is_file(self):
         package = util.create_package(
-            file=data01, path=data01.__file__, contents=['A', 'B', 'C', 'D/E', 'D/F']
+            file=self.data,
+            path=self.data.__file__,
+            contents=['A', 'B', 'C', 'D/E', 'D/F'],
         )
         self.assertTrue(resources.files(package).joinpath('B').is_file())
 
     def test_is_dir(self):
         package = util.create_package(
-            file=data01, path=data01.__file__, contents=['A', 'B', 'C', 'D/E', 'D/F']
+            file=self.data,
+            path=self.data.__file__,
+            contents=['A', 'B', 'C', 'D/E', 'D/F'],
         )
         self.assertTrue(resources.files(package).joinpath('D').is_dir())
 
     def test_resource_missing(self):
         package = util.create_package(
-            file=data01, path=data01.__file__, contents=['A', 'B', 'C', 'D/E', 'D/F']
+            file=self.data,
+            path=self.data.__file__,
+            contents=['A', 'B', 'C', 'D/E', 'D/F'],
         )
         self.assertFalse(resources.files(package).joinpath('Z').is_file())
 
 
-class ResourceCornerCaseTests(unittest.TestCase):
+class ResourceCornerCaseTests(util.DiskSetup, unittest.TestCase):
     def test_package_has_no_reader_fallback(self):
         """
         Test odd ball packages which:
@@ -72,7 +74,7 @@ def test_package_has_no_reader_fallback(self):
         # 3. Are not in a zip file
         """
         module = util.create_package(
-            file=data01, path=data01.__file__, contents=['A', 'B', 'C']
+            file=self.data, path=self.data.__file__, contents=['A', 'B', 'C']
         )
         # Give the module a dummy loader.
         module.__loader__ = object()
@@ -83,9 +85,7 @@ def test_package_has_no_reader_fallback(self):
         self.assertFalse(resources.files(module).joinpath('A').is_file())
 
 
-class ResourceFromZipsTest01(util.ZipSetupBase, unittest.TestCase):
-    ZIP_MODULE = 'data01'
-
+class ResourceFromZipsTest01(util.ZipSetup, unittest.TestCase):
     def test_is_submodule_resource(self):
         submodule = import_module('data01.subdirectory')
         self.assertTrue(resources.files(submodule).joinpath('binary.file').is_file())
@@ -116,8 +116,8 @@ def test_as_file_directory(self):
         assert not data.parent.exists()
 
 
-class ResourceFromZipsTest02(util.ZipSetupBase, unittest.TestCase):
-    ZIP_MODULE = 'data02'
+class ResourceFromZipsTest02(util.ZipSetup, unittest.TestCase):
+    MODULE = 'data02'
 
     def test_unrelated_contents(self):
         """
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ def test_unrelated_contents(self):
         )
 
 
-class DeletingZipsTest(util.ZipSetupBase, unittest.TestCase):
+class DeletingZipsTest(util.ZipSetup, unittest.TestCase):
     """Having accessed resources in a zip file should not keep an open
     reference to the zip.
     """
@@ -216,24 +216,20 @@ def test_submodule_sub_contents_by_name(self):
         self.assertEqual(contents, {'binary.file'})
 
 
-class ResourceFromNamespaceDiskTests(ResourceFromNamespaceTests, unittest.TestCase):
-    site_dir = str(pathlib.Path(__file__).parent)
-
-    @classmethod
-    def setUpClass(cls):
-        sys.path.append(cls.site_dir)
-
-    @classmethod
-    def tearDownClass(cls):
-        sys.path.remove(cls.site_dir)
+class ResourceFromNamespaceDiskTests(
+    util.DiskSetup,
+    ResourceFromNamespaceTests,
+    unittest.TestCase,
+):
+    MODULE = 'namespacedata01'
 
 
 class ResourceFromNamespaceZipTests(
-    util.ZipSetupBase,
+    util.ZipSetup,
     ResourceFromNamespaceTests,
     unittest.TestCase,
 ):
-    ZIP_MODULE = 'namespacedata01'
+    MODULE = 'namespacedata01'
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/update-zips.py b/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/update-zips.py
deleted file mode 100755
index 231334aa7e38b4..00000000000000
--- a/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/update-zips.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,53 +0,0 @@
-"""
-Generate the zip test data files.
-
-Run to build the tests/zipdataNN/ziptestdata.zip files from
-files in tests/dataNN.
-
-Replaces the file with the working copy, but does commit anything
-to the source repo.
-"""
-
-import contextlib
-import os
-import pathlib
-import zipfile
-
-
-def main():
-    """
-    >>> from unittest import mock
-    >>> monkeypatch = getfixture('monkeypatch')
-    >>> monkeypatch.setattr(zipfile, 'ZipFile', mock.MagicMock())
-    >>> print(); main()  # print workaround for bpo-32509
-    <BLANKLINE>
-    ...data01... -> ziptestdata/...
-    ...
-    ...data02... -> ziptestdata/...
-    ...
-    """
-    suffixes = '01', '02'
-    tuple(map(generate, suffixes))
-
-
-def generate(suffix):
-    root = pathlib.Path(__file__).parent.relative_to(os.getcwd())
-    zfpath = root / f'zipdata{suffix}/ziptestdata.zip'
-    with zipfile.ZipFile(zfpath, 'w') as zf:
-        for src, rel in walk(root / f'data{suffix}'):
-            dst = 'ziptestdata' / pathlib.PurePosixPath(rel.as_posix())
-            print(src, '->', dst)
-            zf.write(src, dst)
-
-
-def walk(datapath):
-    for dirpath, dirnames, filenames in os.walk(datapath):
-        with contextlib.suppress(ValueError):
-            dirnames.remove('__pycache__')
-        for filename in filenames:
-            res = pathlib.Path(dirpath) / filename
-            rel = res.relative_to(datapath)
-            yield res, rel
-
-
-__name__ == '__main__' and main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/util.py b/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/util.py
index d4bf3e6cc5dfdc..e2d995f596317d 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/util.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/util.py
@@ -6,10 +6,10 @@
 import pathlib
 import contextlib
 
-from . import data01
 from importlib.resources.abc import ResourceReader
 from test.support import import_helper, os_helper
 from . import zip as zip_
+from . import _path
 
 
 from importlib.machinery import ModuleSpec
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ def create_package(file=None, path=None, is_package=True, contents=()):
     )
 
 
-class CommonTests(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
+class CommonTestsBase(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
     """
     Tests shared by test_open, test_path, and test_read.
     """
@@ -84,34 +84,34 @@ def test_package_name(self):
         """
         Passing in the package name should succeed.
         """
-        self.execute(data01.__name__, 'utf-8.file')
+        self.execute(self.data.__name__, 'utf-8.file')
 
     def test_package_object(self):
         """
         Passing in the package itself should succeed.
         """
-        self.execute(data01, 'utf-8.file')
+        self.execute(self.data, 'utf-8.file')
 
     def test_string_path(self):
         """
         Passing in a string for the path should succeed.
         """
         path = 'utf-8.file'
-        self.execute(data01, path)
+        self.execute(self.data, path)
 
     def test_pathlib_path(self):
         """
         Passing in a pathlib.PurePath object for the path should succeed.
         """
         path = pathlib.PurePath('utf-8.file')
-        self.execute(data01, path)
+        self.execute(self.data, path)
 
     def test_importing_module_as_side_effect(self):
         """
         The anchor package can already be imported.
         """
-        del sys.modules[data01.__name__]
-        self.execute(data01.__name__, 'utf-8.file')
+        del sys.modules[self.data.__name__]
+        self.execute(self.data.__name__, 'utf-8.file')
 
     def test_missing_path(self):
         """
@@ -141,24 +141,66 @@ def test_useless_loader(self):
             self.execute(package, 'utf-8.file')
 
 
-class ZipSetupBase:
-    ZIP_MODULE = 'data01'
-
+fixtures = dict(
+    data01={
+        '__init__.py': '',
+        'binary.file': bytes(range(4)),
+        'utf-16.file': '\ufeffHello, UTF-16 world!\n'.encode('utf-16-le'),
+        'utf-8.file': 'Hello, UTF-8 world!\n'.encode('utf-8'),
+        'subdirectory': {
+            '__init__.py': '',
+            'binary.file': bytes(range(4, 8)),
+        },
+    },
+    data02={
+        '__init__.py': '',
+        'one': {'__init__.py': '', 'resource1.txt': 'one resource'},
+        'two': {'__init__.py': '', 'resource2.txt': 'two resource'},
+        'subdirectory': {'subsubdir': {'resource.txt': 'a resource'}},
+    },
+    namespacedata01={
+        'binary.file': bytes(range(4)),
+        'utf-16.file': '\ufeffHello, UTF-16 world!\n'.encode('utf-16-le'),
+        'utf-8.file': 'Hello, UTF-8 world!\n'.encode('utf-8'),
+        'subdirectory': {
+            'binary.file': bytes(range(12, 16)),
+        },
+    },
+)
+
+
+class ModuleSetup:
     def setUp(self):
         self.fixtures = contextlib.ExitStack()
         self.addCleanup(self.fixtures.close)
 
         self.fixtures.enter_context(import_helper.isolated_modules())
+        self.data = self.load_fixture(self.MODULE)
+
+    def load_fixture(self, module):
+        self.tree_on_path({module: fixtures[module]})
+        return importlib.import_module(module)
+
+
+class ZipSetup(ModuleSetup):
+    MODULE = 'data01'
 
+    def tree_on_path(self, spec):
         temp_dir = self.fixtures.enter_context(os_helper.temp_dir())
         modules = pathlib.Path(temp_dir) / 'zipped modules.zip'
-        src_path = pathlib.Path(__file__).parent.joinpath(self.ZIP_MODULE)
         self.fixtures.enter_context(
-            import_helper.DirsOnSysPath(str(zip_.make_zip_file(src_path, modules)))
+            import_helper.DirsOnSysPath(str(zip_.make_zip_file(spec, modules)))
         )
 
-        self.data = importlib.import_module(self.ZIP_MODULE)
+
+class DiskSetup(ModuleSetup):
+    MODULE = 'data01'
+
+    def tree_on_path(self, spec):
+        temp_dir = self.fixtures.enter_context(os_helper.temp_dir())
+        _path.build(spec, pathlib.Path(temp_dir))
+        self.fixtures.enter_context(import_helper.DirsOnSysPath(temp_dir))
 
 
-class ZipSetup(ZipSetupBase):
+class CommonTests(DiskSetup, CommonTestsBase):
     pass
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/zip.py b/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/zip.py
index 4dcf6facc770cb..fc453f02060a31 100755
--- a/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/zip.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/zip.py
@@ -2,29 +2,23 @@
 Generate zip test data files.
 """
 
-import contextlib
-import os
-import pathlib
 import zipfile
 
 
-def make_zip_file(src, dst):
+def make_zip_file(tree, dst):
     """
-    Zip the files in src into a new zipfile at dst.
+    Zip the files in tree into a new zipfile at dst.
     """
     with zipfile.ZipFile(dst, 'w') as zf:
-        for src_path, rel in walk(src):
-            dst_name = src.name / pathlib.PurePosixPath(rel.as_posix())
-            zf.write(src_path, dst_name)
+        for name, contents in walk(tree):
+            zf.writestr(name, contents)
         zipfile._path.CompleteDirs.inject(zf)
     return dst
 
 
-def walk(datapath):
-    for dirpath, dirnames, filenames in os.walk(datapath):
-        with contextlib.suppress(ValueError):
-            dirnames.remove('__pycache__')
-        for filename in filenames:
-            res = pathlib.Path(dirpath) / filename
-            rel = res.relative_to(datapath)
-            yield res, rel
+def walk(tree, prefix=''):
+    for name, contents in tree.items():
+        if isinstance(contents, dict):
+            yield from walk(contents, prefix=f'{prefix}{name}/')
+        else:
+            yield f'{prefix}{name}', contents
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/zipdata01/ziptestdata.zip b/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/zipdata01/ziptestdata.zip
deleted file mode 100644
index 9a3bb0739f87e9..00000000000000
Binary files a/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/zipdata01/ziptestdata.zip and /dev/null differ
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/zipdata02/ziptestdata.zip b/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/zipdata02/ziptestdata.zip
deleted file mode 100644
index d63ff512d2807e..00000000000000
Binary files a/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/zipdata02/ziptestdata.zip and /dev/null differ
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_importlib/test_api.py b/Lib/test/test_importlib/test_api.py
index 2a35f3dcb7210c..51ea5270b1a928 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_importlib/test_api.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_importlib/test_api.py
@@ -6,8 +6,10 @@
 
 import os.path
 import sys
+from test import support
 from test.support import import_helper
 from test.support import os_helper
+import traceback
 import types
 import unittest
 
@@ -353,6 +355,20 @@ def test_module_missing_spec(self):
             with self.assertRaises(ModuleNotFoundError):
                 self.init.reload(module)
 
+    def test_reload_traceback_with_non_str(self):
+        # gh-125519
+        with support.captured_stdout() as stdout:
+            try:
+                self.init.reload("typing")
+            except TypeError as exc:
+                traceback.print_exception(exc, file=stdout)
+            else:
+                self.fail("Expected TypeError to be raised")
+        printed_traceback = stdout.getvalue()
+        self.assertIn("TypeError", printed_traceback)
+        self.assertNotIn("AttributeError", printed_traceback)
+        self.assertNotIn("module.__spec__.name", printed_traceback)
+
 
 (Frozen_ReloadTests,
  Source_ReloadTests
@@ -437,5 +453,44 @@ def test_everyone_has___spec__(self):
  ) = test_util.test_both(StartupTests, machinery=machinery)
 
 
+class TestModuleAll(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_machinery(self):
+        extra = (
+            # from importlib._bootstrap and importlib._bootstrap_external
+            'AppleFrameworkLoader',
+            'BYTECODE_SUFFIXES',
+            'BuiltinImporter',
+            'DEBUG_BYTECODE_SUFFIXES',
+            'EXTENSION_SUFFIXES',
+            'ExtensionFileLoader',
+            'FileFinder',
+            'FrozenImporter',
+            'ModuleSpec',
+            'NamespaceLoader',
+            'OPTIMIZED_BYTECODE_SUFFIXES',
+            'PathFinder',
+            'SOURCE_SUFFIXES',
+            'SourceFileLoader',
+            'SourcelessFileLoader',
+            'WindowsRegistryFinder',
+        )
+        support.check__all__(self, machinery['Source'], extra=extra)
+
+    def test_util(self):
+        extra = (
+            # from importlib.abc, importlib._bootstrap
+            # and importlib._bootstrap_external
+            'Loader',
+            'MAGIC_NUMBER',
+            'cache_from_source',
+            'decode_source',
+            'module_from_spec',
+            'source_from_cache',
+            'spec_from_file_location',
+            'spec_from_loader',
+        )
+        support.check__all__(self, util['Source'], extra=extra)
+
+
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_importlib/test_namespace_pkgs.py b/Lib/test/test_importlib/test_namespace_pkgs.py
index 072e198795d394..cbbdada3b010a7 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_importlib/test_namespace_pkgs.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_importlib/test_namespace_pkgs.py
@@ -286,25 +286,24 @@ def test_project3_succeeds(self):
 
 class ZipWithMissingDirectory(NamespacePackageTest):
     paths = ['missing_directory.zip']
+    # missing_directory.zip contains:
+    #   Length      Date    Time    Name
+    # ---------  ---------- -----   ----
+    #        29  2012-05-03 18:13   foo/one.py
+    #         0  2012-05-03 20:57   bar/
+    #        38  2012-05-03 20:57   bar/two.py
+    # ---------                     -------
+    #        67                     3 files
 
-    @unittest.expectedFailure
     def test_missing_directory(self):
-        # This will fail because missing_directory.zip contains:
-        #   Length      Date    Time    Name
-        # ---------  ---------- -----   ----
-        #        29  2012-05-03 18:13   foo/one.py
-        #         0  2012-05-03 20:57   bar/
-        #        38  2012-05-03 20:57   bar/two.py
-        # ---------                     -------
-        #        67                     3 files
-
-        # Because there is no 'foo/', the zipimporter currently doesn't
-        #  know that foo is a namespace package
-
         import foo.one
+        self.assertEqual(foo.one.attr, 'portion1 foo one')
+
+    def test_missing_directory2(self):
+        import foo
+        self.assertFalse(hasattr(foo, 'one'))
 
     def test_present_directory(self):
-        # This succeeds because there is a "bar/" in the zip file
         import bar.two
         self.assertEqual(bar.two.attr, 'missing_directory foo two')
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_inspect/inspect_deferred_annotations.py b/Lib/test/test_inspect/inspect_deferred_annotations.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..bb59ef1035b3c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/test_inspect/inspect_deferred_annotations.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+def f(x: undefined):
+    pass
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_inspect/inspect_fodder2.py b/Lib/test/test_inspect/inspect_fodder2.py
index bb9d3e88cfbee1..43fda6622537fc 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_inspect/inspect_fodder2.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_inspect/inspect_fodder2.py
@@ -315,3 +315,57 @@ def g():
 class ClassWithCodeObject:
     import sys
     code = sys._getframe(0).f_code
+
+import enum
+
+# line 321
+class enum322(enum.Enum):
+    A = 'a'
+
+# line 325
+class enum326(enum.IntEnum):
+    A = 1
+
+# line 329
+class flag330(enum.Flag):
+    A = 1
+
+# line 333
+class flag334(enum.IntFlag):
+    A = 1
+
+# line 337
+simple_enum338 = enum.Enum('simple_enum338', 'A')
+simple_enum339 = enum.IntEnum('simple_enum339', 'A')
+simple_flag340 = enum.Flag('simple_flag340', 'A')
+simple_flag341 = enum.IntFlag('simple_flag341', 'A')
+
+import typing
+
+# line 345
+class nt346(typing.NamedTuple):
+    x: int
+    y: int
+
+# line 350
+nt351 = typing.NamedTuple('nt351', (('x', int), ('y', int)))
+
+# line 353
+class td354(typing.TypedDict):
+    x: int
+    y: int
+
+# line 358
+td359 = typing.TypedDict('td359', (('x', int), ('y', int)))
+
+import dataclasses
+
+# line 363
+@dataclasses.dataclass
+class dc364:
+    x: int
+    y: int
+
+# line 369
+dc370 = dataclasses.make_dataclass('dc370', (('x', int), ('y', int)))
+dc371 = dataclasses.make_dataclass('dc370', (('x', int), ('y', int)), module=__name__)
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_inspect/inspect_stringized_annotations_pep695.py b/Lib/test/test_inspect/inspect_stringized_annotations_pep695.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..39bfe2edb03f30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/test_inspect/inspect_stringized_annotations_pep695.py
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+from typing import Callable, Unpack
+
+
+class A[T, *Ts, **P]:
+    x: T
+    y: tuple[*Ts]
+    z: Callable[P, str]
+
+
+class B[T, *Ts, **P]:
+    T = int
+    Ts = str
+    P = bytes
+    x: T
+    y: Ts
+    z: P
+
+
+Eggs = int
+Spam = str
+
+
+class C[Eggs, **Spam]:
+    x: Eggs
+    y: Spam
+
+
+def generic_function[T, *Ts, **P](
+    x: T, *y: Unpack[Ts], z: P.args, zz: P.kwargs
+) -> None: ...
+
+
+def generic_function_2[Eggs, **Spam](x: Eggs, y: Spam): pass
+
+
+class D:
+    Foo = int
+    Bar = str
+
+    def generic_method[Foo, **Bar](
+        self, x: Foo, y: Bar
+    ) -> None: ...
+
+    def generic_method_2[Eggs, **Spam](self, x: Eggs, y: Spam): pass
+
+
+# Eggs is `int` in globals, a TypeVar in type_params, and `str` in locals:
+class E[Eggs]:
+    Eggs = str
+    x: Eggs
+
+
+
+def nested():
+    from types import SimpleNamespace
+    from inspect import get_annotations
+
+    Eggs = bytes
+    Spam = memoryview
+
+
+    class F[Eggs, **Spam]:
+        x: Eggs
+        y: Spam
+
+        def generic_method[Eggs, **Spam](self, x: Eggs, y: Spam): pass
+
+
+    def generic_function[Eggs, **Spam](x: Eggs, y: Spam): pass
+
+
+    # Eggs is `int` in globals, `bytes` in the function scope,
+    # a TypeVar in the type_params, and `str` in locals:
+    class G[Eggs]:
+        Eggs = str
+        x: Eggs
+
+
+    return SimpleNamespace(
+        F=F,
+        F_annotations=get_annotations(F, eval_str=True),
+        F_meth_annotations=get_annotations(F.generic_method, eval_str=True),
+        G_annotations=get_annotations(G, eval_str=True),
+        generic_func=generic_function,
+        generic_func_annotations=get_annotations(generic_function, eval_str=True)
+    )
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_inspect/test_inspect.py b/Lib/test/test_inspect/test_inspect.py
index fa8ffbbfef28c0..9e451c952f3aac 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_inspect/test_inspect.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_inspect/test_inspect.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+from annotationlib import Format, ForwardRef
 import asyncio
 import builtins
 import collections
@@ -35,28 +36,26 @@
 except ImportError:
     ThreadPoolExecutor = None
 
-from test.support import cpython_only, import_helper, suppress_immortalization
+from test.support import cpython_only, import_helper
 from test.support import MISSING_C_DOCSTRINGS, ALWAYS_EQ
 from test.support.import_helper import DirsOnSysPath, ready_to_import
 from test.support.os_helper import TESTFN, temp_cwd
 from test.support.script_helper import assert_python_ok, assert_python_failure, kill_python
-from test.support import has_subprocess_support, SuppressCrashReport
+from test.support import has_subprocess_support
 from test import support
 
 from test.test_inspect import inspect_fodder as mod
 from test.test_inspect import inspect_fodder2 as mod2
-from test.test_inspect import inspect_stock_annotations
 from test.test_inspect import inspect_stringized_annotations
-from test.test_inspect import inspect_stringized_annotations_2
+from test.test_inspect import inspect_deferred_annotations
 
 
 # Functions tested in this suite:
 # ismodule, isclass, ismethod, isfunction, istraceback, isframe, iscode,
-# isbuiltin, isroutine, isgenerator, isgeneratorfunction, getmembers,
+# isbuiltin, isroutine, isgenerator, ispackage, isgeneratorfunction, getmembers,
 # getdoc, getfile, getmodule, getsourcefile, getcomments, getsource,
-# getclasstree, getargvalues, formatargvalues,
-# currentframe, stack, trace, isdatadescriptor,
-# ismethodwrapper
+# getclasstree, getargvalues, formatargvalues, currentframe,
+# stack, trace, ismethoddescriptor, isdatadescriptor, ismethodwrapper
 
 # NOTE: There are some additional tests relating to interaction with
 #       zipimport in the test_zipimport_support test module.
@@ -107,7 +106,7 @@ def unsorted_keyword_only_parameters_fn(*, throw, out, the, baby, with_,
 class IsTestBase(unittest.TestCase):
     predicates = set([inspect.isbuiltin, inspect.isclass, inspect.iscode,
                       inspect.isframe, inspect.isfunction, inspect.ismethod,
-                      inspect.ismodule, inspect.istraceback,
+                      inspect.ismodule, inspect.istraceback, inspect.ispackage,
                       inspect.isgenerator, inspect.isgeneratorfunction,
                       inspect.iscoroutine, inspect.iscoroutinefunction,
                       inspect.isasyncgen, inspect.isasyncgenfunction,
@@ -123,10 +122,13 @@ def istest(self, predicate, exp):
                predicate == inspect.iscoroutinefunction) and \
                other == inspect.isfunction:
                 continue
-            self.assertFalse(other(obj), 'not %s(%s)' % (other.__name__, exp))
+            if predicate == inspect.ispackage and other == inspect.ismodule:
+                self.assertTrue(predicate(obj), '%s(%s)' % (predicate.__name__, exp))
+            else:
+                self.assertFalse(other(obj), 'not %s(%s)' % (other.__name__, exp))
 
     def test__all__(self):
-        support.check__all__(self, inspect, not_exported=("modulesbyfile",))
+        support.check__all__(self, inspect, not_exported=("modulesbyfile",), extra=("get_annotations",))
 
 def generator_function_example(self):
     for i in range(2):
@@ -178,6 +180,7 @@ def test_excluding_predicates(self):
         self.istest(inspect.ismethod, 'git.argue')
         self.istest(inspect.ismethod, 'mod.custom_method')
         self.istest(inspect.ismodule, 'mod')
+        self.istest(inspect.ismethoddescriptor, 'int.__add__')
         self.istest(inspect.isdatadescriptor, 'collections.defaultdict.default_factory')
         self.istest(inspect.isgenerator, '(x for x in range(2))')
         self.istest(inspect.isgeneratorfunction, 'generator_function_example')
@@ -202,7 +205,17 @@ def test_excluding_predicates(self):
         self.assertFalse(inspect.ismethodwrapper(int))
         self.assertFalse(inspect.ismethodwrapper(type("AnyClass", (), {})))
 
+    def test_ispackage(self):
+        self.istest(inspect.ispackage, 'asyncio')
+        self.istest(inspect.ispackage, 'importlib')
+        self.assertFalse(inspect.ispackage(inspect))
+        self.assertFalse(inspect.ispackage(mod))
+        self.assertFalse(inspect.ispackage(':)'))
+
+        class FakePackage:
+            __path__ = None
 
+        self.assertFalse(inspect.ispackage(FakePackage()))
 
     def test_iscoroutine(self):
         async_gen_coro = async_generator_function_example(1)
@@ -404,6 +417,8 @@ def test_isroutine(self):
         self.assertFalse(inspect.isroutine(type))
         self.assertFalse(inspect.isroutine(int))
         self.assertFalse(inspect.isroutine(type('some_class', (), {})))
+        # partial
+        self.assertTrue(inspect.isroutine(functools.partial(mod.spam)))
 
     def test_isclass(self):
         self.istest(inspect.isclass, 'mod.StupidGit')
@@ -770,7 +785,6 @@ def test_getfile_builtin_function_or_method(self):
             inspect.getfile(list.append)
         self.assertIn('expected, got', str(e_append.exception))
 
-    @suppress_immortalization()
     def test_getfile_class_without_module(self):
         class CM(type):
             @property
@@ -821,7 +835,7 @@ def test_getsource_on_code_object(self):
         self.assertSourceEqual(mod.eggs.__code__, 12, 18)
 
     def test_getsource_on_generated_class(self):
-        A = type('A', (), {})
+        A = type('A', (unittest.TestCase,), {})
         self.assertEqual(inspect.getsourcefile(A), __file__)
         self.assertEqual(inspect.getfile(A), __file__)
         self.assertIs(inspect.getmodule(A), sys.modules[__name__])
@@ -835,6 +849,47 @@ class C:
             nonlocal __firstlineno__
         self.assertRaises(OSError, inspect.getsource, C)
 
+class TestGetsourceStdlib(unittest.TestCase):
+    # Test Python implementations of the stdlib modules
+
+    def test_getsource_stdlib_collections_abc(self):
+        import collections.abc
+        lines, lineno = inspect.getsourcelines(collections.abc.Sequence)
+        self.assertEqual(lines[0], 'class Sequence(Reversible, Collection):\n')
+        src = inspect.getsource(collections.abc.Sequence)
+        self.assertEqual(src.splitlines(True), lines)
+
+    def test_getsource_stdlib_tomllib(self):
+        import tomllib
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, inspect.getsource, tomllib.TOMLDecodeError)
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, inspect.getsourcelines, tomllib.TOMLDecodeError)
+
+    def test_getsource_stdlib_abc(self):
+        # Pure Python implementation
+        abc = import_helper.import_fresh_module('abc', blocked=['_abc'])
+        with support.swap_item(sys.modules, 'abc', abc):
+            self.assertRaises(OSError, inspect.getsource, abc.ABCMeta)
+            self.assertRaises(OSError, inspect.getsourcelines, abc.ABCMeta)
+        # With C acceleration
+        import abc
+        try:
+            src = inspect.getsource(abc.ABCMeta)
+            lines, lineno = inspect.getsourcelines(abc.ABCMeta)
+        except OSError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            self.assertEqual(lines[0], '    class ABCMeta(type):\n')
+            self.assertEqual(src.splitlines(True), lines)
+
+    def test_getsource_stdlib_decimal(self):
+        # Pure Python implementation
+        decimal = import_helper.import_fresh_module('decimal', blocked=['_decimal'])
+        with support.swap_item(sys.modules, 'decimal', decimal):
+            src = inspect.getsource(decimal.Decimal)
+            lines, lineno = inspect.getsourcelines(decimal.Decimal)
+        self.assertEqual(lines[0], 'class Decimal(object):\n')
+        self.assertEqual(src.splitlines(True), lines)
+
 class TestGetsourceInteractive(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_getclasses_interactive(self):
         # bpo-44648: simulate a REPL session;
@@ -929,6 +984,29 @@ def test_anonymous(self):
         # as argument to another function.
         self.assertSourceEqual(mod2.anonymous, 55, 55)
 
+    def test_enum(self):
+        self.assertSourceEqual(mod2.enum322, 322, 323)
+        self.assertSourceEqual(mod2.enum326, 326, 327)
+        self.assertSourceEqual(mod2.flag330, 330, 331)
+        self.assertSourceEqual(mod2.flag334, 334, 335)
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, inspect.getsource, mod2.simple_enum338)
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, inspect.getsource, mod2.simple_enum339)
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, inspect.getsource, mod2.simple_flag340)
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, inspect.getsource, mod2.simple_flag341)
+
+    def test_namedtuple(self):
+        self.assertSourceEqual(mod2.nt346, 346, 348)
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, inspect.getsource, mod2.nt351)
+
+    def test_typeddict(self):
+        self.assertSourceEqual(mod2.td354, 354, 356)
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, inspect.getsource, mod2.td359)
+
+    def test_dataclass(self):
+        self.assertSourceEqual(mod2.dc364, 364, 367)
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, inspect.getsource, mod2.dc370)
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, inspect.getsource, mod2.dc371)
+
 class TestBlockComments(GetSourceBase):
     fodderModule = mod
 
@@ -992,7 +1070,7 @@ def test_findsource_without_filename(self):
             self.assertRaises(IOError, inspect.findsource, co)
             self.assertRaises(IOError, inspect.getsource, co)
 
-    def test_findsource_with_out_of_bounds_lineno(self):
+    def test_findsource_on_func_with_out_of_bounds_lineno(self):
         mod_len = len(inspect.getsource(mod))
         src = '\n' * 2* mod_len + "def f(): pass"
         co = compile(src, mod.__file__, "exec")
@@ -1000,9 +1078,20 @@ def test_findsource_with_out_of_bounds_lineno(self):
         eval(co, g, l)
         func = l['f']
         self.assertEqual(func.__code__.co_firstlineno, 1+2*mod_len)
-        with self.assertRaisesRegex(IOError, "lineno is out of bounds"):
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(OSError, "lineno is out of bounds"):
             inspect.findsource(func)
 
+    def test_findsource_on_class_with_out_of_bounds_lineno(self):
+        mod_len = len(inspect.getsource(mod))
+        src = '\n' * 2* mod_len + "class A: pass"
+        co = compile(src, mod.__file__, "exec")
+        g, l = {'__name__': mod.__name__}, {}
+        eval(co, g, l)
+        cls = l['A']
+        self.assertEqual(cls.__firstlineno__, 1+2*mod_len)
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(OSError, "lineno is out of bounds"):
+            inspect.findsource(cls)
+
     def test_getsource_on_method(self):
         self.assertSourceEqual(mod2.ClassWithMethod.method, 118, 119)
 
@@ -1286,7 +1375,7 @@ def test_getfullargspec_builtin_func_no_signature(self):
             (dict.__class_getitem__, meth_type_o),
         ]
         try:
-            import _stat
+            import _stat  # noqa: F401
         except ImportError:
             # if the _stat extension is not available, stat.S_IMODE() is
             # implemented in Python, not in C
@@ -1550,6 +1639,56 @@ def f(self):
         self.assertIn(('f', b.f), inspect.getmembers(b))
         self.assertIn(('f', b.f), inspect.getmembers(b, inspect.ismethod))
 
+    def test_getmembers_custom_dir(self):
+        class CorrectDir:
+            def __init__(self, attr):
+                self.attr = attr
+            def method(self):
+                return self.attr + 1
+            def __dir__(self):
+                return ['attr', 'method']
+
+        cd = CorrectDir(5)
+        self.assertEqual(inspect.getmembers(cd), [
+            ('attr', 5),
+            ('method', cd.method),
+        ])
+        self.assertEqual(inspect.getmembers(cd, inspect.ismethod), [
+            ('method', cd.method),
+        ])
+
+    def test_getmembers_custom_broken_dir(self):
+        # inspect.getmembers calls `dir()` on the passed object inside.
+        # if `__dir__` mentions some non-existent attribute,
+        # we still need to return others correctly.
+        class BrokenDir:
+            existing = 1
+            def method(self):
+                return self.existing + 1
+            def __dir__(self):
+                return ['method', 'missing', 'existing']
+
+        bd = BrokenDir()
+        self.assertEqual(inspect.getmembers(bd), [
+            ('existing', 1),
+            ('method', bd.method),
+        ])
+        self.assertEqual(inspect.getmembers(bd, inspect.ismethod), [
+            ('method', bd.method),
+        ])
+
+    def test_getmembers_custom_duplicated_dir(self):
+        # Duplicates in `__dir__` must not fail and return just one result.
+        class DuplicatedDir:
+            attr = 1
+            def __dir__(self):
+                return ['attr', 'attr']
+
+        dd = DuplicatedDir()
+        self.assertEqual(inspect.getmembers(dd), [
+            ('attr', 1),
+        ])
+
     def test_getmembers_VirtualAttribute(self):
         class M(type):
             def __getattr__(cls, name):
@@ -1594,105 +1733,6 @@ class C(metaclass=M):
         attrs = [a[0] for a in inspect.getmembers(C)]
         self.assertNotIn('missing', attrs)
 
-    def test_get_annotations_with_stock_annotations(self):
-        def foo(a:int, b:str): pass
-        self.assertEqual(inspect.get_annotations(foo), {'a': int, 'b': str})
-
-        foo.__annotations__ = {'a': 'foo', 'b':'str'}
-        self.assertEqual(inspect.get_annotations(foo), {'a': 'foo', 'b': 'str'})
-
-        self.assertEqual(inspect.get_annotations(foo, eval_str=True, locals=locals()), {'a': foo, 'b': str})
-        self.assertEqual(inspect.get_annotations(foo, eval_str=True, globals=locals()), {'a': foo, 'b': str})
-
-        isa = inspect_stock_annotations
-        self.assertEqual(inspect.get_annotations(isa), {'a': int, 'b': str})
-        self.assertEqual(inspect.get_annotations(isa.MyClass), {'a': int, 'b': str})
-        self.assertEqual(inspect.get_annotations(isa.function), {'a': int, 'b': str, 'return': isa.MyClass})
-        self.assertEqual(inspect.get_annotations(isa.function2), {'a': int, 'b': 'str', 'c': isa.MyClass, 'return': isa.MyClass})
-        self.assertEqual(inspect.get_annotations(isa.function3), {'a': 'int', 'b': 'str', 'c': 'MyClass'})
-        self.assertEqual(inspect.get_annotations(inspect), {}) # inspect module has no annotations
-        self.assertEqual(inspect.get_annotations(isa.UnannotatedClass), {})
-        self.assertEqual(inspect.get_annotations(isa.unannotated_function), {})
-
-        self.assertEqual(inspect.get_annotations(isa, eval_str=True), {'a': int, 'b': str})
-        self.assertEqual(inspect.get_annotations(isa.MyClass, eval_str=True), {'a': int, 'b': str})
-        self.assertEqual(inspect.get_annotations(isa.function, eval_str=True), {'a': int, 'b': str, 'return': isa.MyClass})
-        self.assertEqual(inspect.get_annotations(isa.function2, eval_str=True), {'a': int, 'b': str, 'c': isa.MyClass, 'return': isa.MyClass})
-        self.assertEqual(inspect.get_annotations(isa.function3, eval_str=True), {'a': int, 'b': str, 'c': isa.MyClass})
-        self.assertEqual(inspect.get_annotations(inspect, eval_str=True), {})
-        self.assertEqual(inspect.get_annotations(isa.UnannotatedClass, eval_str=True), {})
-        self.assertEqual(inspect.get_annotations(isa.unannotated_function, eval_str=True), {})
-
-        self.assertEqual(inspect.get_annotations(isa, eval_str=False), {'a': int, 'b': str})
-        self.assertEqual(inspect.get_annotations(isa.MyClass, eval_str=False), {'a': int, 'b': str})
-        self.assertEqual(inspect.get_annotations(isa.function, eval_str=False), {'a': int, 'b': str, 'return': isa.MyClass})
-        self.assertEqual(inspect.get_annotations(isa.function2, eval_str=False), {'a': int, 'b': 'str', 'c': isa.MyClass, 'return': isa.MyClass})
-        self.assertEqual(inspect.get_annotations(isa.function3, eval_str=False), {'a': 'int', 'b': 'str', 'c': 'MyClass'})
-        self.assertEqual(inspect.get_annotations(inspect, eval_str=False), {})
-        self.assertEqual(inspect.get_annotations(isa.UnannotatedClass, eval_str=False), {})
-        self.assertEqual(inspect.get_annotations(isa.unannotated_function, eval_str=False), {})
-
-        def times_three(fn):
-            @functools.wraps(fn)
-            def wrapper(a, b):
-                return fn(a*3, b*3)
-            return wrapper
-
-        wrapped = times_three(isa.function)
-        self.assertEqual(wrapped(1, 'x'), isa.MyClass(3, 'xxx'))
-        self.assertIsNot(wrapped.__globals__, isa.function.__globals__)
-        self.assertEqual(inspect.get_annotations(wrapped), {'a': int, 'b': str, 'return': isa.MyClass})
-        self.assertEqual(inspect.get_annotations(wrapped, eval_str=True), {'a': int, 'b': str, 'return': isa.MyClass})
-        self.assertEqual(inspect.get_annotations(wrapped, eval_str=False), {'a': int, 'b': str, 'return': isa.MyClass})
-
-    def test_get_annotations_with_stringized_annotations(self):
-        isa = inspect_stringized_annotations
-        self.assertEqual(inspect.get_annotations(isa), {'a': 'int', 'b': 'str'})
-        self.assertEqual(inspect.get_annotations(isa.MyClass), {'a': 'int', 'b': 'str'})
-        self.assertEqual(inspect.get_annotations(isa.function), {'a': 'int', 'b': 'str', 'return': 'MyClass'})
-        self.assertEqual(inspect.get_annotations(isa.function2), {'a': 'int', 'b': "'str'", 'c': 'MyClass', 'return': 'MyClass'})
-        self.assertEqual(inspect.get_annotations(isa.function3), {'a': "'int'", 'b': "'str'", 'c': "'MyClass'"})
-        self.assertEqual(inspect.get_annotations(isa.UnannotatedClass), {})
-        self.assertEqual(inspect.get_annotations(isa.unannotated_function), {})
-
-        self.assertEqual(inspect.get_annotations(isa, eval_str=True), {'a': int, 'b': str})
-        self.assertEqual(inspect.get_annotations(isa.MyClass, eval_str=True), {'a': int, 'b': str})
-        self.assertEqual(inspect.get_annotations(isa.function, eval_str=True), {'a': int, 'b': str, 'return': isa.MyClass})
-        self.assertEqual(inspect.get_annotations(isa.function2, eval_str=True), {'a': int, 'b': 'str', 'c': isa.MyClass, 'return': isa.MyClass})
-        self.assertEqual(inspect.get_annotations(isa.function3, eval_str=True), {'a': 'int', 'b': 'str', 'c': 'MyClass'})
-        self.assertEqual(inspect.get_annotations(isa.UnannotatedClass, eval_str=True), {})
-        self.assertEqual(inspect.get_annotations(isa.unannotated_function, eval_str=True), {})
-
-        self.assertEqual(inspect.get_annotations(isa, eval_str=False), {'a': 'int', 'b': 'str'})
-        self.assertEqual(inspect.get_annotations(isa.MyClass, eval_str=False), {'a': 'int', 'b': 'str'})
-        self.assertEqual(inspect.get_annotations(isa.function, eval_str=False), {'a': 'int', 'b': 'str', 'return': 'MyClass'})
-        self.assertEqual(inspect.get_annotations(isa.function2, eval_str=False), {'a': 'int', 'b': "'str'", 'c': 'MyClass', 'return': 'MyClass'})
-        self.assertEqual(inspect.get_annotations(isa.function3, eval_str=False), {'a': "'int'", 'b': "'str'", 'c': "'MyClass'"})
-        self.assertEqual(inspect.get_annotations(isa.UnannotatedClass, eval_str=False), {})
-        self.assertEqual(inspect.get_annotations(isa.unannotated_function, eval_str=False), {})
-
-        isa2 = inspect_stringized_annotations_2
-        self.assertEqual(inspect.get_annotations(isa2), {})
-        self.assertEqual(inspect.get_annotations(isa2, eval_str=True), {})
-        self.assertEqual(inspect.get_annotations(isa2, eval_str=False), {})
-
-        def times_three(fn):
-            @functools.wraps(fn)
-            def wrapper(a, b):
-                return fn(a*3, b*3)
-            return wrapper
-
-        wrapped = times_three(isa.function)
-        self.assertEqual(wrapped(1, 'x'), isa.MyClass(3, 'xxx'))
-        self.assertIsNot(wrapped.__globals__, isa.function.__globals__)
-        self.assertEqual(inspect.get_annotations(wrapped), {'a': 'int', 'b': 'str', 'return': 'MyClass'})
-        self.assertEqual(inspect.get_annotations(wrapped, eval_str=True), {'a': int, 'b': str, 'return': isa.MyClass})
-        self.assertEqual(inspect.get_annotations(wrapped, eval_str=False), {'a': 'int', 'b': 'str', 'return': 'MyClass'})
-
-        # test that local namespace lookups work
-        self.assertEqual(inspect.get_annotations(isa.MyClassWithLocalAnnotations), {'x': 'mytype'})
-        self.assertEqual(inspect.get_annotations(isa.MyClassWithLocalAnnotations, eval_str=True), {'x': int})
-
 
 class TestFormatAnnotation(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_typing_replacement(self):
@@ -1701,6 +1741,122 @@ def test_typing_replacement(self):
         self.assertEqual(inspect.formatannotation(ann1), 'Union[List[testModule.typing.A], int]')
 
 
+class TestIsMethodDescriptor(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def test_custom_descriptors(self):
+        class MethodDescriptor:
+            def __get__(self, *_): pass
+        class MethodDescriptorSub(MethodDescriptor):
+            pass
+        class DataDescriptorWithNoGet:
+            def __set__(self, *_): pass
+        class DataDescriptorWithGetSet:
+            def __get__(self, *_): pass
+            def __set__(self, *_): pass
+        class DataDescriptorWithGetDelete:
+            def __get__(self, *_): pass
+            def __delete__(self, *_): pass
+        class DataDescriptorSub(DataDescriptorWithNoGet,
+                                DataDescriptorWithGetDelete):
+            pass
+
+        # Custom method descriptors:
+        self.assertTrue(
+            inspect.ismethoddescriptor(MethodDescriptor()),
+            '__get__ and no __set__/__delete__ => method descriptor')
+        self.assertTrue(
+            inspect.ismethoddescriptor(MethodDescriptorSub()),
+            '__get__ (inherited) and no __set__/__delete__'
+            ' => method descriptor')
+
+        # Custom data descriptors:
+        self.assertFalse(
+            inspect.ismethoddescriptor(DataDescriptorWithNoGet()),
+            '__set__ (and no __get__) => not a method descriptor')
+        self.assertFalse(
+            inspect.ismethoddescriptor(DataDescriptorWithGetSet()),
+            '__get__ and __set__ => not a method descriptor')
+        self.assertFalse(
+            inspect.ismethoddescriptor(DataDescriptorWithGetDelete()),
+            '__get__ and __delete__ => not a method descriptor')
+        self.assertFalse(
+            inspect.ismethoddescriptor(DataDescriptorSub()),
+            '__get__, __set__ and __delete__ => not a method descriptor')
+
+        # Classes of descriptors (are *not* descriptors themselves):
+        self.assertFalse(inspect.ismethoddescriptor(MethodDescriptor))
+        self.assertFalse(inspect.ismethoddescriptor(MethodDescriptorSub))
+        self.assertFalse(inspect.ismethoddescriptor(DataDescriptorSub))
+
+    def test_builtin_descriptors(self):
+        builtin_slot_wrapper = int.__add__  # This one is mentioned in docs.
+        class Owner:
+            def instance_method(self): pass
+            @classmethod
+            def class_method(cls): pass
+            @staticmethod
+            def static_method(): pass
+            @property
+            def a_property(self): pass
+        class Slotermeyer:
+            __slots__ = 'a_slot',
+        def function():
+            pass
+        a_lambda = lambda: None
+
+        # Example builtin method descriptors:
+        self.assertTrue(
+            inspect.ismethoddescriptor(builtin_slot_wrapper),
+            'a builtin slot wrapper is a method descriptor')
+        self.assertTrue(
+            inspect.ismethoddescriptor(Owner.__dict__['class_method']),
+            'a classmethod object is a method descriptor')
+        self.assertTrue(
+            inspect.ismethoddescriptor(Owner.__dict__['static_method']),
+            'a staticmethod object is a method descriptor')
+
+        # Example builtin data descriptors:
+        self.assertFalse(
+            inspect.ismethoddescriptor(Owner.__dict__['a_property']),
+            'a property is not a method descriptor')
+        self.assertFalse(
+            inspect.ismethoddescriptor(Slotermeyer.__dict__['a_slot']),
+            'a slot is not a method descriptor')
+
+        # `types.MethodType`/`types.FunctionType` instances (they *are*
+        # method descriptors, but `ismethoddescriptor()` explicitly
+        # excludes them):
+        self.assertFalse(inspect.ismethoddescriptor(Owner().instance_method))
+        self.assertFalse(inspect.ismethoddescriptor(Owner().class_method))
+        self.assertFalse(inspect.ismethoddescriptor(Owner().static_method))
+        self.assertFalse(inspect.ismethoddescriptor(Owner.instance_method))
+        self.assertFalse(inspect.ismethoddescriptor(Owner.class_method))
+        self.assertFalse(inspect.ismethoddescriptor(Owner.static_method))
+        self.assertFalse(inspect.ismethoddescriptor(function))
+        self.assertFalse(inspect.ismethoddescriptor(a_lambda))
+        self.assertTrue(inspect.ismethoddescriptor(functools.partial(function)))
+
+    def test_descriptor_being_a_class(self):
+        class MethodDescriptorMeta(type):
+            def __get__(self, *_): pass
+        class ClassBeingMethodDescriptor(metaclass=MethodDescriptorMeta):
+            pass
+        # `ClassBeingMethodDescriptor` itself *is* a method descriptor,
+        # but it is *also* a class, and `ismethoddescriptor()` explicitly
+        # excludes classes.
+        self.assertFalse(
+            inspect.ismethoddescriptor(ClassBeingMethodDescriptor),
+            'classes (instances of type) are explicitly excluded')
+
+    def test_non_descriptors(self):
+        class Test:
+            pass
+        self.assertFalse(inspect.ismethoddescriptor(Test()))
+        self.assertFalse(inspect.ismethoddescriptor(Test))
+        self.assertFalse(inspect.ismethoddescriptor([42]))
+        self.assertFalse(inspect.ismethoddescriptor(42))
+
+
 class TestIsDataDescriptor(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_custom_descriptors(self):
@@ -2433,7 +2589,6 @@ def __getattribute__(self, attr):
 
         self.assertFalse(test.called)
 
-    @suppress_immortalization()
     def test_cache_does_not_cause_classes_to_persist(self):
         # regression test for gh-118013:
         # check that the internal _shadowed_dict cache does not cause
@@ -3156,7 +3311,7 @@ def test_signature_on_builtins_no_signature(self):
             (dict.__class_getitem__, meth_o),
         ]
         try:
-            import _stat
+            import _stat  # noqa: F401
         except ImportError:
             # if the _stat extension is not available, stat.S_IMODE() is
             # implemented in Python, not in C
@@ -3336,7 +3491,7 @@ def foo(cls, *, arg):
                           ...))
 
     def test_signature_on_partial(self):
-        from functools import partial
+        from functools import partial, Placeholder
 
         def test():
             pass
@@ -3391,6 +3546,25 @@ def test(a, b, *, c, d):
                            ('d', ..., ..., "keyword_only")),
                           ...))
 
+        # With Placeholder
+        self.assertEqual(self.signature(partial(test, Placeholder, 1)),
+                         ((('a', ..., ..., "positional_only"),
+                           ('c', ..., ..., "keyword_only"),
+                           ('d', ..., ..., "keyword_only")),
+                          ...))
+
+        self.assertEqual(self.signature(partial(test, Placeholder, 1, c=2)),
+                         ((('a', ..., ..., "positional_only"),
+                           ('c', 2, ..., "keyword_only"),
+                           ('d', ..., ..., "keyword_only")),
+                          ...))
+
+        # Ensure unittest.mock.ANY & similar do not get picked up as a Placeholder
+        self.assertEqual(self.signature(partial(test, unittest.mock.ANY, 1, c=2)),
+                         ((('c', 2, ..., "keyword_only"),
+                           ('d', ..., ..., "keyword_only")),
+                          ...))
+
         def test(a, *args, b, **kwargs):
             pass
 
@@ -3438,6 +3612,15 @@ def test(a, *args, b, **kwargs):
                            ('kwargs', ..., ..., "var_keyword")),
                           ...))
 
+        # With Placeholder
+        p = partial(test, Placeholder, Placeholder, 1, b=0, test=1)
+        self.assertEqual(self.signature(p),
+                         ((('a', ..., ..., "positional_only"),
+                           ('args', ..., ..., "var_positional"),
+                           ('b', 0, ..., "keyword_only"),
+                           ('kwargs', ..., ..., "var_keyword")),
+                          ...))
+
         def test(a, b, c:int) -> 42:
             pass
 
@@ -3542,6 +3725,34 @@ def foo(a, b, /, c, d, **kwargs):
                            ('kwargs', ..., ..., 'var_keyword')),
                          ...))
 
+        # Positional only With Placeholder
+        p = partial(foo, Placeholder, 1, c=0, d=1)
+        self.assertEqual(self.signature(p),
+                         ((('a', ..., ..., "positional_only"),
+                           ('c', 0, ..., "keyword_only"),
+                           ('d', 1, ..., "keyword_only"),
+                           ('kwargs', ..., ..., "var_keyword")),
+                          ...))
+
+        # Optionals Positional With Placeholder
+        def foo(a=0, b=1, /, c=2, d=3):
+            pass
+
+        # Positional
+        p = partial(foo, Placeholder, 1, c=0, d=1)
+        self.assertEqual(self.signature(p),
+                         ((('a', ..., ..., "positional_only"),
+                           ('c', 0, ..., "keyword_only"),
+                           ('d', 1, ..., "keyword_only")),
+                          ...))
+
+        # Positional or Keyword - transformed to positional
+        p = partial(foo, Placeholder, 1, Placeholder, 1)
+        self.assertEqual(self.signature(p),
+                         ((('a', ..., ..., "positional_only"),
+                           ('c', ..., ..., "positional_only")),
+                          ...))
+
     def test_multisignature_on_partial(self):
         from functools import partial
 
@@ -3627,18 +3838,32 @@ def test():
             inspect.signature(Spam.ham)
 
         class Spam:
-            def test(it, a, *, c) -> 'spam':
+            def test(it, a, b, *, c) -> 'spam':
                 pass
             ham = partialmethod(test, c=1)
+            bar = partialmethod(test, functools.Placeholder, 1, c=1)
 
         self.assertEqual(self.signature(Spam.ham, eval_str=False),
                          ((('it', ..., ..., 'positional_or_keyword'),
                            ('a', ..., ..., 'positional_or_keyword'),
+                           ('b', ..., ..., 'positional_or_keyword'),
                            ('c', 1, ..., 'keyword_only')),
                           'spam'))
 
         self.assertEqual(self.signature(Spam().ham, eval_str=False),
                          ((('a', ..., ..., 'positional_or_keyword'),
+                           ('b', ..., ..., 'positional_or_keyword'),
+                           ('c', 1, ..., 'keyword_only')),
+                          'spam'))
+
+        # With Placeholder
+        self.assertEqual(self.signature(Spam.bar, eval_str=False),
+                         ((('it', ..., ..., 'positional_only'),
+                           ('a', ..., ..., 'positional_only'),
+                           ('c', 1, ..., 'keyword_only')),
+                          'spam'))
+        self.assertEqual(self.signature(Spam().bar, eval_str=False),
+                         ((('a', ..., ..., 'positional_only'),
                            ('c', 1, ..., 'keyword_only')),
                           'spam'))
 
@@ -4016,14 +4241,14 @@ def __init__(self, b):
 
         with self.subTest('partial'):
             class CM(type):
-                __call__ = functools.partial(lambda x, a: (x, a), 2)
+                __call__ = functools.partial(lambda x, a, b: (x, a, b), 2)
             class C(metaclass=CM):
-                def __init__(self, b):
+                def __init__(self, c):
                     pass
 
-            self.assertEqual(C(1), (2, 1))
+            self.assertEqual(C(1), (2, C, 1))
             self.assertEqual(self.signature(C),
-                            ((('a', ..., ..., "positional_or_keyword"),),
+                            ((('b', ..., ..., "positional_or_keyword"),),
                             ...))
 
         with self.subTest('partialmethod'):
@@ -4170,11 +4395,11 @@ class C:
 
         with self.subTest('partial'):
             class C:
-                __init__ = functools.partial(lambda x, a: None, 2)
+                __init__ = functools.partial(lambda x, a, b: None, 2)
 
             C(1)  # does not raise
             self.assertEqual(self.signature(C),
-                            ((('a', ..., ..., "positional_or_keyword"),),
+                            ((('b', ..., ..., "positional_or_keyword"),),
                             ...))
 
         with self.subTest('partialmethod'):
@@ -4428,11 +4653,12 @@ class C:
 
         with self.subTest('partial'):
             class C:
-                __call__ = functools.partial(lambda x, a: (x, a), 2)
+                __call__ = functools.partial(lambda x, a, b: (x, a, b), 2)
 
-            self.assertEqual(C()(1), (2, 1))
+            c = C()
+            self.assertEqual(c(1), (2, c, 1))
             self.assertEqual(self.signature(C()),
-                            ((('a', ..., ..., "positional_or_keyword"),),
+                            ((('b', ..., ..., "positional_or_keyword"),),
                             ...))
 
         with self.subTest('partialmethod'):
@@ -4784,6 +5010,18 @@ def func(
             expected_multiline,
         )
 
+    def test_signature_format_unquote(self):
+        def func(x: 'int') -> 'str': ...
+
+        self.assertEqual(
+            inspect.signature(func).format(),
+            "(x: 'int') -> 'str'"
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            inspect.signature(func).format(quote_annotation_strings=False),
+            "(x: int) -> str"
+        )
+
     def test_signature_replace_parameters(self):
         def test(a, b) -> 42:
             pass
@@ -5016,6 +5254,26 @@ def test_signature_eval_str(self):
                             par('b', PORK, annotation=tuple),
                         )))
 
+    def test_signature_annotation_format(self):
+        ida = inspect_deferred_annotations
+        sig = inspect.Signature
+        par = inspect.Parameter
+        PORK = inspect.Parameter.POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD
+        for signature_func in (inspect.signature, inspect.Signature.from_callable):
+            with self.subTest(signature_func=signature_func):
+                self.assertEqual(
+                    signature_func(ida.f, annotation_format=Format.STRING),
+                    sig([par("x", PORK, annotation="undefined")])
+                )
+                self.assertEqual(
+                    signature_func(ida.f, annotation_format=Format.FORWARDREF),
+                    sig([par("x", PORK, annotation=ForwardRef("undefined"))])
+                )
+                with self.assertRaisesRegex(NameError, "undefined"):
+                    signature_func(ida.f, annotation_format=Format.VALUE)
+                with self.assertRaisesRegex(NameError, "undefined"):
+                    signature_func(ida.f)
+
     def test_signature_none_annotation(self):
         class funclike:
             # Has to be callable, and have correct
@@ -5041,38 +5299,6 @@ def foo(): pass
                 self.assertEqual(signature_func(foo), inspect.Signature())
         self.assertEqual(inspect.get_annotations(foo), {})
 
-    def test_signature_as_str(self):
-        self.maxDiff = None
-        class S:
-            __signature__ = '(a, b=2)'
-
-        self.assertEqual(self.signature(S),
-                         ((('a', ..., ..., 'positional_or_keyword'),
-                           ('b', 2, ..., 'positional_or_keyword')),
-                          ...))
-
-    def test_signature_as_callable(self):
-        # __signature__ should be either a staticmethod or a bound classmethod
-        class S:
-            @classmethod
-            def __signature__(cls):
-                return '(a, b=2)'
-
-        self.assertEqual(self.signature(S),
-                         ((('a', ..., ..., 'positional_or_keyword'),
-                           ('b', 2, ..., 'positional_or_keyword')),
-                          ...))
-
-        class S:
-            @staticmethod
-            def __signature__():
-                return '(a, b=2)'
-
-        self.assertEqual(self.signature(S),
-                         ((('a', ..., ..., 'positional_or_keyword'),
-                           ('b', 2, ..., 'positional_or_keyword')),
-                          ...))
-
     def test_signature_on_derived_classes(self):
         # gh-105080: Make sure that signatures are consistent on derived classes
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_int.py b/Lib/test/test_int.py
index 77221dfb6d5aa2..8870d7aa5d663d 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_int.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_int.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import sys
-import time
 
 import unittest
 from unittest import mock
@@ -517,6 +516,7 @@ def test_issue31619(self):
         self.assertEqual(int('1_2_3_4_5_6_7_8_9', 16), 0x123456789)
         self.assertEqual(int('1_2_3_4_5_6_7', 32), 1144132807)
 
+    @support.cpython_only
     def test_round_with_none_arg_direct_call(self):
         for val in [(1).__round__(None),
                     round(1),
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_interpreters/__init__.py b/Lib/test/test_interpreters/__init__.py
index 52ff553f60d0d7..e3d189c4efcd27 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_interpreters/__init__.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_interpreters/__init__.py
@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 import os
 from test.support import load_package_tests, Py_GIL_DISABLED
+import unittest
 
-if not Py_GIL_DISABLED:
-    def load_tests(*args):
-        return load_package_tests(os.path.dirname(__file__), *args)
+if Py_GIL_DISABLED:
+    raise unittest.SkipTest("GIL disabled")
+
+def load_tests(*args):
+    return load_package_tests(os.path.dirname(__file__), *args)
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_interpreters/test_api.py b/Lib/test/test_interpreters/test_api.py
index 719c1c721cad7c..5e3d7a052bae91 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_interpreters/test_api.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_interpreters/test_api.py
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import os
 import pickle
-import sys
-from textwrap import dedent, indent
+from textwrap import dedent
 import threading
 import types
 import unittest
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_interpreters/test_channels.py b/Lib/test/test_interpreters/test_channels.py
index 68cc45d1a5e09f..eada18f99d04db 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_interpreters/test_channels.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_interpreters/test_channels.py
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ def test_list_all(self):
         self.assertEqual(after, created)
 
     def test_shareable(self):
+        interp = interpreters.create()
         rch, sch = channels.create()
 
         self.assertTrue(
@@ -60,8 +61,25 @@ def test_shareable(self):
         rch2 = rch.recv()
         sch2 = rch.recv()
 
+        interp.prepare_main(rch=rch, sch=sch)
+        sch.send_nowait(rch)
+        sch.send_nowait(sch)
+        interp.exec(dedent("""
+            rch2 = rch.recv()
+            sch2 = rch.recv()
+            assert rch2 == rch
+            assert sch2 == sch
+
+            sch.send_nowait(rch2)
+            sch.send_nowait(sch2)
+            """))
+        rch3 = rch.recv()
+        sch3 = rch.recv()
+
         self.assertEqual(rch2, rch)
         self.assertEqual(sch2, sch)
+        self.assertEqual(rch3, rch)
+        self.assertEqual(sch3, sch)
 
     def test_is_closed(self):
         rch, sch = channels.create()
@@ -354,6 +372,228 @@ def test_send_buffer_nowait(self):
         obj[4:8] = b'ham.'
         self.assertEqual(obj, buf)
 
+    def test_send_cleared_with_subinterpreter(self):
+        def common(rch, sch, unbound=None, presize=0):
+            if not unbound:
+                extraargs = ''
+            elif unbound is channels.UNBOUND:
+                extraargs = ', unbound=channels.UNBOUND'
+            elif unbound is channels.UNBOUND_ERROR:
+                extraargs = ', unbound=channels.UNBOUND_ERROR'
+            elif unbound is channels.UNBOUND_REMOVE:
+                extraargs = ', unbound=channels.UNBOUND_REMOVE'
+            else:
+                raise NotImplementedError(repr(unbound))
+            interp = interpreters.create()
+
+            _run_output(interp, dedent(f"""
+                from test.support.interpreters import channels
+                sch = channels.SendChannel({sch.id})
+                obj1 = b'spam'
+                obj2 = b'eggs'
+                sch.send_nowait(obj1{extraargs})
+                sch.send_nowait(obj2{extraargs})
+                """))
+            self.assertEqual(
+                _channels.get_count(rch.id),
+                presize + 2,
+            )
+
+            if presize == 0:
+                obj1 = rch.recv()
+                self.assertEqual(obj1, b'spam')
+                self.assertEqual(
+                    _channels.get_count(rch.id),
+                    presize + 1,
+                )
+
+            return interp
+
+        with self.subTest('default'):  # UNBOUND
+            rch, sch = channels.create()
+            interp = common(rch, sch)
+            del interp
+            self.assertEqual(_channels.get_count(rch.id), 1)
+            obj1 = rch.recv()
+            self.assertEqual(_channels.get_count(rch.id), 0)
+            self.assertIs(obj1, channels.UNBOUND)
+            self.assertEqual(_channels.get_count(rch.id), 0)
+            with self.assertRaises(channels.ChannelEmptyError):
+                rch.recv_nowait()
+
+        with self.subTest('UNBOUND'):
+            rch, sch = channels.create()
+            interp = common(rch, sch, channels.UNBOUND)
+            del interp
+            self.assertEqual(_channels.get_count(rch.id), 1)
+            obj1 = rch.recv()
+            self.assertIs(obj1, channels.UNBOUND)
+            self.assertEqual(_channels.get_count(rch.id), 0)
+            with self.assertRaises(channels.ChannelEmptyError):
+                rch.recv_nowait()
+
+        with self.subTest('UNBOUND_ERROR'):
+            rch, sch = channels.create()
+            interp = common(rch, sch, channels.UNBOUND_ERROR)
+
+            del interp
+            self.assertEqual(_channels.get_count(rch.id), 1)
+            with self.assertRaises(channels.ItemInterpreterDestroyed):
+                rch.recv()
+
+            self.assertEqual(_channels.get_count(rch.id), 0)
+            with self.assertRaises(channels.ChannelEmptyError):
+                rch.recv_nowait()
+
+        with self.subTest('UNBOUND_REMOVE'):
+            rch, sch = channels.create()
+
+            interp = common(rch, sch, channels.UNBOUND_REMOVE)
+            del interp
+            self.assertEqual(_channels.get_count(rch.id), 0)
+            with self.assertRaises(channels.ChannelEmptyError):
+                rch.recv_nowait()
+
+            sch.send_nowait(b'ham', unbound=channels.UNBOUND_REMOVE)
+            self.assertEqual(_channels.get_count(rch.id), 1)
+            interp = common(rch, sch, channels.UNBOUND_REMOVE, 1)
+            self.assertEqual(_channels.get_count(rch.id), 3)
+            sch.send_nowait(42, unbound=channels.UNBOUND_REMOVE)
+            self.assertEqual(_channels.get_count(rch.id), 4)
+            del interp
+            self.assertEqual(_channels.get_count(rch.id), 2)
+            obj1 = rch.recv()
+            obj2 = rch.recv()
+            self.assertEqual(obj1, b'ham')
+            self.assertEqual(obj2, 42)
+            self.assertEqual(_channels.get_count(rch.id), 0)
+            with self.assertRaises(channels.ChannelEmptyError):
+                rch.recv_nowait()
+
+    def test_send_cleared_with_subinterpreter_mixed(self):
+        rch, sch = channels.create()
+        interp = interpreters.create()
+
+        # If we don't associate the main interpreter with the channel
+        # then the channel will be automatically closed when interp
+        # is destroyed.
+        sch.send_nowait(None)
+        rch.recv()
+        self.assertEqual(_channels.get_count(rch.id), 0)
+
+        _run_output(interp, dedent(f"""
+            from test.support.interpreters import channels
+            sch = channels.SendChannel({sch.id})
+            sch.send_nowait(1, unbound=channels.UNBOUND)
+            sch.send_nowait(2, unbound=channels.UNBOUND_ERROR)
+            sch.send_nowait(3)
+            sch.send_nowait(4, unbound=channels.UNBOUND_REMOVE)
+            sch.send_nowait(5, unbound=channels.UNBOUND)
+            """))
+        self.assertEqual(_channels.get_count(rch.id), 5)
+
+        del interp
+        self.assertEqual(_channels.get_count(rch.id), 4)
+
+        obj1 = rch.recv()
+        self.assertIs(obj1, channels.UNBOUND)
+        self.assertEqual(_channels.get_count(rch.id), 3)
+
+        with self.assertRaises(channels.ItemInterpreterDestroyed):
+            rch.recv()
+        self.assertEqual(_channels.get_count(rch.id), 2)
+
+        obj2 = rch.recv()
+        self.assertIs(obj2, channels.UNBOUND)
+        self.assertEqual(_channels.get_count(rch.id), 1)
+
+        obj3 = rch.recv()
+        self.assertIs(obj3, channels.UNBOUND)
+        self.assertEqual(_channels.get_count(rch.id), 0)
+
+    def test_send_cleared_with_subinterpreter_multiple(self):
+        rch, sch = channels.create()
+        interp1 = interpreters.create()
+        interp2 = interpreters.create()
+
+        sch.send_nowait(1)
+        _run_output(interp1, dedent(f"""
+            from test.support.interpreters import channels
+            rch = channels.RecvChannel({rch.id})
+            sch = channels.SendChannel({sch.id})
+            obj1 = rch.recv()
+            sch.send_nowait(2, unbound=channels.UNBOUND)
+            sch.send_nowait(obj1, unbound=channels.UNBOUND_REMOVE)
+            """))
+        _run_output(interp2, dedent(f"""
+            from test.support.interpreters import channels
+            rch = channels.RecvChannel({rch.id})
+            sch = channels.SendChannel({sch.id})
+            obj2 = rch.recv()
+            obj1 = rch.recv()
+            """))
+        self.assertEqual(_channels.get_count(rch.id), 0)
+        sch.send_nowait(3)
+        _run_output(interp1, dedent("""
+            sch.send_nowait(4, unbound=channels.UNBOUND)
+            # interp closed here
+            sch.send_nowait(5, unbound=channels.UNBOUND_REMOVE)
+            sch.send_nowait(6, unbound=channels.UNBOUND)
+            """))
+        _run_output(interp2, dedent("""
+            sch.send_nowait(7, unbound=channels.UNBOUND_ERROR)
+            # interp closed here
+            sch.send_nowait(obj1, unbound=channels.UNBOUND_ERROR)
+            sch.send_nowait(obj2, unbound=channels.UNBOUND_REMOVE)
+            sch.send_nowait(8, unbound=channels.UNBOUND)
+            """))
+        _run_output(interp1, dedent("""
+            sch.send_nowait(9, unbound=channels.UNBOUND_REMOVE)
+            sch.send_nowait(10, unbound=channels.UNBOUND)
+            """))
+        self.assertEqual(_channels.get_count(rch.id), 10)
+
+        obj3 = rch.recv()
+        self.assertEqual(obj3, 3)
+        self.assertEqual(_channels.get_count(rch.id), 9)
+
+        obj4 = rch.recv()
+        self.assertEqual(obj4, 4)
+        self.assertEqual(_channels.get_count(rch.id), 8)
+
+        del interp1
+        self.assertEqual(_channels.get_count(rch.id), 6)
+
+        # obj5 was removed
+
+        obj6 = rch.recv()
+        self.assertIs(obj6, channels.UNBOUND)
+        self.assertEqual(_channels.get_count(rch.id), 5)
+
+        obj7 = rch.recv()
+        self.assertEqual(obj7, 7)
+        self.assertEqual(_channels.get_count(rch.id), 4)
+
+        del interp2
+        self.assertEqual(_channels.get_count(rch.id), 3)
+
+        # obj1
+        with self.assertRaises(channels.ItemInterpreterDestroyed):
+            rch.recv()
+        self.assertEqual(_channels.get_count(rch.id), 2)
+
+        # obj2 was removed
+
+        obj8 = rch.recv()
+        self.assertIs(obj8, channels.UNBOUND)
+        self.assertEqual(_channels.get_count(rch.id), 1)
+
+        # obj9 was removed
+
+        obj10 = rch.recv()
+        self.assertIs(obj10, channels.UNBOUND)
+        self.assertEqual(_channels.get_count(rch.id), 0)
+
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     # Test needs to be a package, so we can do relative imports.
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_interpreters/test_queues.py b/Lib/test/test_interpreters/test_queues.py
index a3d44c402e0ea2..18f83d097eb360 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_interpreters/test_queues.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_interpreters/test_queues.py
@@ -3,23 +3,25 @@
 import threading
 from textwrap import dedent
 import unittest
-import time
 
 from test.support import import_helper, Py_DEBUG
 # Raise SkipTest if subinterpreters not supported.
 _queues = import_helper.import_module('_interpqueues')
 from test.support import interpreters
-from test.support.interpreters import queues
+from test.support.interpreters import queues, _crossinterp
 from .utils import _run_output, TestBase as _TestBase
 
 
+REPLACE = _crossinterp._UNBOUND_CONSTANT_TO_FLAG[_crossinterp.UNBOUND]
+
+
 def get_num_queues():
     return len(_queues.list_all())
 
 
 class TestBase(_TestBase):
     def tearDown(self):
-        for qid, _ in _queues.list_all():
+        for qid, _, _ in _queues.list_all():
             try:
                 _queues.destroy(qid)
             except Exception:
@@ -40,7 +42,7 @@ def test_highlevel_reloaded(self):
         importlib.reload(queues)
 
     def test_create_destroy(self):
-        qid = _queues.create(2, 0)
+        qid = _queues.create(2, 0, REPLACE)
         _queues.destroy(qid)
         self.assertEqual(get_num_queues(), 0)
         with self.assertRaises(queues.QueueNotFoundError):
@@ -54,7 +56,7 @@ def test_not_destroyed(self):
             '-c',
             dedent(f"""
                 import {_queues.__name__} as _queues
-                _queues.create(2, 0)
+                _queues.create(2, 0, {REPLACE})
                 """),
         )
         self.assertEqual(stdout, '')
@@ -65,13 +67,13 @@ def test_not_destroyed(self):
 
     def test_bind_release(self):
         with self.subTest('typical'):
-            qid = _queues.create(2, 0)
+            qid = _queues.create(2, 0, REPLACE)
             _queues.bind(qid)
             _queues.release(qid)
             self.assertEqual(get_num_queues(), 0)
 
         with self.subTest('bind too much'):
-            qid = _queues.create(2, 0)
+            qid = _queues.create(2, 0, REPLACE)
             _queues.bind(qid)
             _queues.bind(qid)
             _queues.release(qid)
@@ -79,7 +81,7 @@ def test_bind_release(self):
             self.assertEqual(get_num_queues(), 0)
 
         with self.subTest('nested'):
-            qid = _queues.create(2, 0)
+            qid = _queues.create(2, 0, REPLACE)
             _queues.bind(qid)
             _queues.bind(qid)
             _queues.release(qid)
@@ -87,7 +89,7 @@ def test_bind_release(self):
             self.assertEqual(get_num_queues(), 0)
 
         with self.subTest('release without binding'):
-            qid = _queues.create(2, 0)
+            qid = _queues.create(2, 0, REPLACE)
             with self.assertRaises(queues.QueueError):
                 _queues.release(qid)
 
@@ -427,26 +429,206 @@ def test_put_get_different_interpreters(self):
                 self.assertNotEqual(id(obj2), int(out))
 
     def test_put_cleared_with_subinterpreter(self):
-        interp = interpreters.create()
-        queue = queues.create()
-
-        out = _run_output(
-            interp,
-            dedent(f"""
+        def common(queue, unbound=None, presize=0):
+            if not unbound:
+                extraargs = ''
+            elif unbound is queues.UNBOUND:
+                extraargs = ', unbound=queues.UNBOUND'
+            elif unbound is queues.UNBOUND_ERROR:
+                extraargs = ', unbound=queues.UNBOUND_ERROR'
+            elif unbound is queues.UNBOUND_REMOVE:
+                extraargs = ', unbound=queues.UNBOUND_REMOVE'
+            else:
+                raise NotImplementedError(repr(unbound))
+            interp = interpreters.create()
+
+            _run_output(interp, dedent(f"""
                 from test.support.interpreters import queues
                 queue = queues.Queue({queue.id})
                 obj1 = b'spam'
                 obj2 = b'eggs'
-                queue.put(obj1, syncobj=True)
-                queue.put(obj2, syncobj=True)
+                queue.put(obj1, syncobj=True{extraargs})
+                queue.put(obj2, syncobj=True{extraargs})
                 """))
-        self.assertEqual(queue.qsize(), 2)
+            self.assertEqual(queue.qsize(), presize + 2)
+
+            if presize == 0:
+                obj1 = queue.get()
+                self.assertEqual(obj1, b'spam')
+                self.assertEqual(queue.qsize(), presize + 1)
+
+            return interp
+
+        with self.subTest('default'):  # UNBOUND
+            queue = queues.create()
+            interp = common(queue)
+            del interp
+            obj1 = queue.get()
+            self.assertIs(obj1, queues.UNBOUND)
+            self.assertEqual(queue.qsize(), 0)
+            with self.assertRaises(queues.QueueEmpty):
+                queue.get_nowait()
+
+        with self.subTest('UNBOUND'):
+            queue = queues.create()
+            interp = common(queue, queues.UNBOUND)
+            del interp
+            obj1 = queue.get()
+            self.assertIs(obj1, queues.UNBOUND)
+            self.assertEqual(queue.qsize(), 0)
+            with self.assertRaises(queues.QueueEmpty):
+                queue.get_nowait()
+
+        with self.subTest('UNBOUND_ERROR'):
+            queue = queues.create()
+            interp = common(queue, queues.UNBOUND_ERROR)
+
+            del interp
+            self.assertEqual(queue.qsize(), 1)
+            with self.assertRaises(queues.ItemInterpreterDestroyed):
+                queue.get()
+
+            self.assertEqual(queue.qsize(), 0)
+            with self.assertRaises(queues.QueueEmpty):
+                queue.get_nowait()
+
+        with self.subTest('UNBOUND_REMOVE'):
+            queue = queues.create()
+
+            interp = common(queue, queues.UNBOUND_REMOVE)
+            del interp
+            self.assertEqual(queue.qsize(), 0)
+            with self.assertRaises(queues.QueueEmpty):
+                queue.get_nowait()
+
+            queue.put(b'ham', unbound=queues.UNBOUND_REMOVE)
+            self.assertEqual(queue.qsize(), 1)
+            interp = common(queue, queues.UNBOUND_REMOVE, 1)
+            self.assertEqual(queue.qsize(), 3)
+            queue.put(42, unbound=queues.UNBOUND_REMOVE)
+            self.assertEqual(queue.qsize(), 4)
+            del interp
+            self.assertEqual(queue.qsize(), 2)
+            obj1 = queue.get()
+            obj2 = queue.get()
+            self.assertEqual(obj1, b'ham')
+            self.assertEqual(obj2, 42)
+            self.assertEqual(queue.qsize(), 0)
+            with self.assertRaises(queues.QueueEmpty):
+                queue.get_nowait()
+
+    def test_put_cleared_with_subinterpreter_mixed(self):
+        queue = queues.create()
+        interp = interpreters.create()
+        _run_output(interp, dedent(f"""
+            from test.support.interpreters import queues
+            queue = queues.Queue({queue.id})
+            queue.put(1, syncobj=True, unbound=queues.UNBOUND)
+            queue.put(2, syncobj=True, unbound=queues.UNBOUND_ERROR)
+            queue.put(3, syncobj=True)
+            queue.put(4, syncobj=True, unbound=queues.UNBOUND_REMOVE)
+            queue.put(5, syncobj=True, unbound=queues.UNBOUND)
+            """))
+        self.assertEqual(queue.qsize(), 5)
+
+        del interp
+        self.assertEqual(queue.qsize(), 4)
 
         obj1 = queue.get()
-        self.assertEqual(obj1, b'spam')
+        self.assertIs(obj1, queues.UNBOUND)
+        self.assertEqual(queue.qsize(), 3)
+
+        with self.assertRaises(queues.ItemInterpreterDestroyed):
+            queue.get()
+        self.assertEqual(queue.qsize(), 2)
+
+        obj2 = queue.get()
+        self.assertIs(obj2, queues.UNBOUND)
         self.assertEqual(queue.qsize(), 1)
 
-        del interp
+        obj3 = queue.get()
+        self.assertIs(obj3, queues.UNBOUND)
+        self.assertEqual(queue.qsize(), 0)
+
+    def test_put_cleared_with_subinterpreter_multiple(self):
+        queue = queues.create()
+        interp1 = interpreters.create()
+        interp2 = interpreters.create()
+
+        queue.put(1, syncobj=True)
+        _run_output(interp1, dedent(f"""
+            from test.support.interpreters import queues
+            queue = queues.Queue({queue.id})
+            obj1 = queue.get()
+            queue.put(2, syncobj=True, unbound=queues.UNBOUND)
+            queue.put(obj1, syncobj=True, unbound=queues.UNBOUND_REMOVE)
+            """))
+        _run_output(interp2, dedent(f"""
+            from test.support.interpreters import queues
+            queue = queues.Queue({queue.id})
+            obj2 = queue.get()
+            obj1 = queue.get()
+            """))
+        self.assertEqual(queue.qsize(), 0)
+        queue.put(3)
+        _run_output(interp1, dedent("""
+            queue.put(4, syncobj=True, unbound=queues.UNBOUND)
+            # interp closed here
+            queue.put(5, syncobj=True, unbound=queues.UNBOUND_REMOVE)
+            queue.put(6, syncobj=True, unbound=queues.UNBOUND)
+            """))
+        _run_output(interp2, dedent("""
+            queue.put(7, syncobj=True, unbound=queues.UNBOUND_ERROR)
+            # interp closed here
+            queue.put(obj1, syncobj=True, unbound=queues.UNBOUND_ERROR)
+            queue.put(obj2, syncobj=True, unbound=queues.UNBOUND_REMOVE)
+            queue.put(8, syncobj=True, unbound=queues.UNBOUND)
+            """))
+        _run_output(interp1, dedent("""
+            queue.put(9, syncobj=True, unbound=queues.UNBOUND_REMOVE)
+            queue.put(10, syncobj=True, unbound=queues.UNBOUND)
+            """))
+        self.assertEqual(queue.qsize(), 10)
+
+        obj3 = queue.get()
+        self.assertEqual(obj3, 3)
+        self.assertEqual(queue.qsize(), 9)
+
+        obj4 = queue.get()
+        self.assertEqual(obj4, 4)
+        self.assertEqual(queue.qsize(), 8)
+
+        del interp1
+        self.assertEqual(queue.qsize(), 6)
+
+        # obj5 was removed
+
+        obj6 = queue.get()
+        self.assertIs(obj6, queues.UNBOUND)
+        self.assertEqual(queue.qsize(), 5)
+
+        obj7 = queue.get()
+        self.assertEqual(obj7, 7)
+        self.assertEqual(queue.qsize(), 4)
+
+        del interp2
+        self.assertEqual(queue.qsize(), 3)
+
+        # obj1
+        with self.assertRaises(queues.ItemInterpreterDestroyed):
+            queue.get()
+        self.assertEqual(queue.qsize(), 2)
+
+        # obj2 was removed
+
+        obj8 = queue.get()
+        self.assertIs(obj8, queues.UNBOUND)
+        self.assertEqual(queue.qsize(), 1)
+
+        # obj9 was removed
+
+        obj10 = queue.get()
+        self.assertIs(obj10, queues.UNBOUND)
         self.assertEqual(queue.qsize(), 0)
 
     def test_put_get_different_threads(self):
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_interpreters/utils.py b/Lib/test/test_interpreters/utils.py
index 312e6fff0ceb17..3cab76d0f279e0 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_interpreters/utils.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_interpreters/utils.py
@@ -1,16 +1,13 @@
 from collections import namedtuple
 import contextlib
 import json
-import io
 import os
 import os.path
-import pickle
-import queue
 #import select
 import subprocess
 import sys
 import tempfile
-from textwrap import dedent, indent
+from textwrap import dedent
 import threading
 import types
 import unittest
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_io.py b/Lib/test/test_io.py
index 1ca3edac8c8dc9..aa1b8268592ff7 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_io.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_io.py
@@ -639,11 +639,9 @@ def test_large_file_ops(self):
 
     def test_with_open(self):
         for bufsize in (0, 100):
-            f = None
             with self.open(os_helper.TESTFN, "wb", bufsize) as f:
                 f.write(b"xxx")
             self.assertEqual(f.closed, True)
-            f = None
             try:
                 with self.open(os_helper.TESTFN, "wb", bufsize) as f:
                     1/0
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_ipaddress.py b/Lib/test/test_ipaddress.py
index c3ecf2a742941a..b1ac2b94f41b38 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_ipaddress.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_ipaddress.py
@@ -2189,11 +2189,17 @@ def testIPv6AddressTooLarge(self):
                           ipaddress.ip_address('FFFF::c000:201%scope'))
 
     def testIPVersion(self):
+        self.assertEqual(ipaddress.IPv4Address.version, 4)
+        self.assertEqual(ipaddress.IPv6Address.version, 6)
+
         self.assertEqual(self.ipv4_address.version, 4)
         self.assertEqual(self.ipv6_address.version, 6)
         self.assertEqual(self.ipv6_scoped_address.version, 6)
 
     def testMaxPrefixLength(self):
+        self.assertEqual(ipaddress.IPv4Address.max_prefixlen, 32)
+        self.assertEqual(ipaddress.IPv6Address.max_prefixlen, 128)
+
         self.assertEqual(self.ipv4_interface.max_prefixlen, 32)
         self.assertEqual(self.ipv6_interface.max_prefixlen, 128)
         self.assertEqual(self.ipv6_scoped_interface.max_prefixlen, 128)
@@ -2427,6 +2433,8 @@ def testReservedIpv6(self):
         self.assertTrue(ipaddress.ip_address('2001:30::').is_global)
         self.assertFalse(ipaddress.ip_address('2001:40::').is_global)
         self.assertFalse(ipaddress.ip_address('2002::').is_global)
+        # gh-124217: conform with RFC 9637
+        self.assertFalse(ipaddress.ip_address('3fff::').is_global)
 
         # some generic IETF reserved addresses
         self.assertEqual(True, ipaddress.ip_address('100::').is_reserved)
@@ -2440,6 +2448,30 @@ def testIpv4Mapped(self):
         self.assertEqual(ipaddress.ip_address('::ffff:c0a8:101').ipv4_mapped,
                          ipaddress.ip_address('192.168.1.1'))
 
+    def testIpv4MappedProperties(self):
+        # Test that an IPv4 mapped IPv6 address has
+        # the same properties as an IPv4 address.
+        for addr4 in (
+            "178.62.3.251",     # global
+            "169.254.169.254",  # link local
+            "127.0.0.1",        # loopback
+            "224.0.0.1",        # multicast
+            "192.168.0.1",      # private
+            "0.0.0.0",          # unspecified
+            "100.64.0.1",       # public and not global
+        ):
+            with self.subTest(addr4):
+                ipv4 = ipaddress.IPv4Address(addr4)
+                ipv6 = ipaddress.IPv6Address(f"::ffff:{addr4}")
+
+                self.assertEqual(ipv4.is_global, ipv6.is_global)
+                self.assertEqual(ipv4.is_private, ipv6.is_private)
+                self.assertEqual(ipv4.is_reserved, ipv6.is_reserved)
+                self.assertEqual(ipv4.is_multicast, ipv6.is_multicast)
+                self.assertEqual(ipv4.is_unspecified, ipv6.is_unspecified)
+                self.assertEqual(ipv4.is_link_local, ipv6.is_link_local)
+                self.assertEqual(ipv4.is_loopback, ipv6.is_loopback)
+
     def testIpv4MappedPrivateCheck(self):
         self.assertEqual(
                 True, ipaddress.ip_address('::ffff:192.168.1.1').is_private)
@@ -2585,12 +2617,42 @@ def testExplodeShortHandIpStr(self):
         self.assertEqual('192.168.178.1', addr4.exploded)
 
     def testReversePointer(self):
-        addr1 = ipaddress.IPv4Address('127.0.0.1')
-        addr2 = ipaddress.IPv6Address('2001:db8::1')
-        self.assertEqual('1.0.0.127.in-addr.arpa', addr1.reverse_pointer)
-        self.assertEqual('1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.8.' +
-                         'b.d.0.1.0.0.2.ip6.arpa',
-                         addr2.reverse_pointer)
+        for addr_v4, expected in [
+            ('127.0.0.1', '1.0.0.127.in-addr.arpa'),
+            # test vector: https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc1035, §3.5
+            ('10.2.0.52', '52.0.2.10.in-addr.arpa'),
+        ]:
+            with self.subTest('ipv4_reverse_pointer', addr=addr_v4):
+                addr = ipaddress.IPv4Address(addr_v4)
+                self.assertEqual(addr.reverse_pointer, expected)
+
+        for addr_v6, expected in [
+            (
+                '2001:db8::1', (
+                    '1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.'
+                    '0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.8.b.d.0.1.0.0.2.'
+                    'ip6.arpa'
+                )
+            ),
+            (
+                '::FFFF:192.168.1.35', (
+                    '3.2.1.0.8.a.0.c.f.f.f.f.0.0.0.0.'
+                    '0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.'
+                    'ip6.arpa'
+                )
+            ),
+            # test vector: https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3596, §2.5
+            (
+                '4321:0:1:2:3:4:567:89ab', (
+                    'b.a.9.8.7.6.5.0.4.0.0.0.3.0.0.0.'
+                    '2.0.0.0.1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.1.2.3.4.'
+                    'ip6.arpa'
+                )
+             )
+        ]:
+            with self.subTest('ipv6_reverse_pointer', addr=addr_v6):
+                addr = ipaddress.IPv6Address(addr_v6)
+                self.assertEqual(addr.reverse_pointer, expected)
 
     def testIntRepresentation(self):
         self.assertEqual(16909060, int(self.ipv4_address))
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_iter.py b/Lib/test/test_iter.py
index 9606d5beab71cb..1b9f3cf76240ad 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_iter.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_iter.py
@@ -5,11 +5,13 @@
 from test.support import cpython_only
 from test.support.os_helper import TESTFN, unlink
 from test.support import check_free_after_iterating, ALWAYS_EQ, NEVER_EQ
+from test.support import BrokenIter
 import pickle
 import collections.abc
 import functools
 import contextlib
 import builtins
+import traceback
 
 # Test result of triple loop (too big to inline)
 TRIPLETS = [(0, 0, 0), (0, 0, 1), (0, 0, 2),
@@ -1143,6 +1145,46 @@ def test_error_iter(self):
             self.assertRaises(TypeError, iter, typ())
         self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, iter, BadIterableClass())
 
+    def test_exception_locations(self):
+        # The location of an exception raised from __init__ or
+        # __next__ should should be the iterator expression
+
+        def init_raises():
+            try:
+                for x in BrokenIter(init_raises=True):
+                    pass
+            except Exception as e:
+                return e
+
+        def next_raises():
+            try:
+                for x in BrokenIter(next_raises=True):
+                    pass
+            except Exception as e:
+                return e
+
+        def iter_raises():
+            try:
+                for x in BrokenIter(iter_raises=True):
+                    pass
+            except Exception as e:
+                return e
+
+        for func, expected in [(init_raises, "BrokenIter(init_raises=True)"),
+                               (next_raises, "BrokenIter(next_raises=True)"),
+                               (iter_raises, "BrokenIter(iter_raises=True)"),
+                              ]:
+            with self.subTest(func):
+                exc = func()
+                f = traceback.extract_tb(exc.__traceback__)[0]
+                indent = 16
+                co = func.__code__
+                self.assertEqual(f.lineno, co.co_firstlineno + 2)
+                self.assertEqual(f.end_lineno, co.co_firstlineno + 2)
+                self.assertEqual(f.line[f.colno - indent : f.end_colno - indent],
+                                 expected)
+
+
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_itertools.py b/Lib/test/test_itertools.py
index 53b8064c3cfe82..8469de998ba014 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_itertools.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_itertools.py
@@ -15,26 +15,6 @@
 import struct
 import threading
 import gc
-import warnings
-
-def pickle_deprecated(testfunc):
-    """ Run the test three times.
-    First, verify that a Deprecation Warning is raised.
-    Second, run normally but with DeprecationWarnings temporarily disabled.
-    Third, run with warnings promoted to errors.
-    """
-    def inner(self):
-        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
-            testfunc(self)
-        with warnings.catch_warnings():
-            warnings.simplefilter("ignore", category=DeprecationWarning)
-            testfunc(self)
-        with warnings.catch_warnings():
-            warnings.simplefilter("error", category=DeprecationWarning)
-            with self.assertRaises((DeprecationWarning, AssertionError, SystemError)):
-                testfunc(self)
-
-    return inner
 
 maxsize = support.MAX_Py_ssize_t
 minsize = -maxsize-1
@@ -1012,12 +992,16 @@ def product1(*args, **kwds):
                 else:
                     return
 
-        def product2(*args, **kwds):
+        def product2(*iterables, repeat=1):
             'Pure python version used in docs'
-            pools = list(map(tuple, args)) * kwds.get('repeat', 1)
+            if repeat < 0:
+                raise ValueError('repeat argument cannot be negative')
+            pools = [tuple(pool) for pool in iterables] * repeat
+
             result = [[]]
             for pool in pools:
                 result = [x+[y] for x in result for y in pool]
+
             for prod in result:
                 yield tuple(prod)
 
@@ -1265,10 +1249,11 @@ def test_tee(self):
             self.assertEqual(len(result), n)
             self.assertEqual([list(x) for x in result], [list('abc')]*n)
 
-        # tee pass-through to copyable iterator
+        # tee objects are independent (see bug gh-123884)
         a, b = tee('abc')
         c, d = tee(a)
-        self.assertTrue(a is c)
+        e, f = tee(c)
+        self.assertTrue(len({a, b, c, d, e, f}) == 6)
 
         # test tee_new
         t1, t2 = tee('abc')
@@ -1278,7 +1263,7 @@ def test_tee(self):
         t3 = tnew(t1)
         self.assertTrue(list(t1) == list(t2) == list(t3) == list('abc'))
 
-        # test that tee objects are weak referencable
+        # test that tee objects are weak referenceable
         a, b = tee(range(10))
         p = weakref.proxy(a)
         self.assertEqual(getattr(p, '__class__'), type(b))
@@ -1587,27 +1572,169 @@ def batched_recipe(iterable, n):
                 self.assertEqual(r1, r2)
                 self.assertEqual(e1, e2)
 
+
+    def test_groupby_recipe(self):
+
+        # Begin groupby() recipe #######################################
+
+        def groupby(iterable, key=None):
+            # [k for k, g in groupby('AAAABBBCCDAABBB')] → A B C D A B
+            # [list(g) for k, g in groupby('AAAABBBCCD')] → AAAA BBB CC D
+
+            keyfunc = (lambda x: x) if key is None else key
+            iterator = iter(iterable)
+            exhausted = False
+
+            def _grouper(target_key):
+                nonlocal curr_value, curr_key, exhausted
+                yield curr_value
+                for curr_value in iterator:
+                    curr_key = keyfunc(curr_value)
+                    if curr_key != target_key:
+                        return
+                    yield curr_value
+                exhausted = True
+
+            try:
+                curr_value = next(iterator)
+            except StopIteration:
+                return
+            curr_key = keyfunc(curr_value)
+
+            while not exhausted:
+                target_key = curr_key
+                curr_group = _grouper(target_key)
+                yield curr_key, curr_group
+                if curr_key == target_key:
+                    for _ in curr_group:
+                        pass
+
+        # End groupby() recipe #########################################
+
+        # Check whether it accepts arguments correctly
+        self.assertEqual([], list(groupby([])))
+        self.assertEqual([], list(groupby([], key=id)))
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, list, groupby('abc', []))
+        if False:
+            # Test not applicable to the recipe
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, list, groupby('abc', None))
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, groupby, 'abc', lambda x:x, 10)
+
+        # Check normal input
+        s = [(0, 10, 20), (0, 11,21), (0,12,21), (1,13,21), (1,14,22),
+             (2,15,22), (3,16,23), (3,17,23)]
+        dup = []
+        for k, g in groupby(s, lambda r:r[0]):
+            for elem in g:
+                self.assertEqual(k, elem[0])
+                dup.append(elem)
+        self.assertEqual(s, dup)
+
+        # Check nested case
+        dup = []
+        for k, g in groupby(s, testR):
+            for ik, ig in groupby(g, testR2):
+                for elem in ig:
+                    self.assertEqual(k, elem[0])
+                    self.assertEqual(ik, elem[2])
+                    dup.append(elem)
+        self.assertEqual(s, dup)
+
+        # Check case where inner iterator is not used
+        keys = [k for k, g in groupby(s, testR)]
+        expectedkeys = set([r[0] for r in s])
+        self.assertEqual(set(keys), expectedkeys)
+        self.assertEqual(len(keys), len(expectedkeys))
+
+        # Check case where inner iterator is used after advancing the groupby
+        # iterator
+        s = list(zip('AABBBAAAA', range(9)))
+        it = groupby(s, testR)
+        _, g1 = next(it)
+        _, g2 = next(it)
+        _, g3 = next(it)
+        self.assertEqual(list(g1), [])
+        self.assertEqual(list(g2), [])
+        self.assertEqual(next(g3), ('A', 5))
+        list(it)  # exhaust the groupby iterator
+        self.assertEqual(list(g3), [])
+
+        # Exercise pipes and filters style
+        s = 'abracadabra'
+        # sort s | uniq
+        r = [k for k, g in groupby(sorted(s))]
+        self.assertEqual(r, ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'r'])
+        # sort s | uniq -d
+        r = [k for k, g in groupby(sorted(s)) if list(islice(g,1,2))]
+        self.assertEqual(r, ['a', 'b', 'r'])
+        # sort s | uniq -c
+        r = [(len(list(g)), k) for k, g in groupby(sorted(s))]
+        self.assertEqual(r, [(5, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (1, 'c'), (1, 'd'), (2, 'r')])
+        # sort s | uniq -c | sort -rn | head -3
+        r = sorted([(len(list(g)) , k) for k, g in groupby(sorted(s))], reverse=True)[:3]
+        self.assertEqual(r, [(5, 'a'), (2, 'r'), (2, 'b')])
+
+        # iter.__next__ failure
+        class ExpectedError(Exception):
+            pass
+        def delayed_raise(n=0):
+            for i in range(n):
+                yield 'yo'
+            raise ExpectedError
+        def gulp(iterable, keyp=None, func=list):
+            return [func(g) for k, g in groupby(iterable, keyp)]
+
+        # iter.__next__ failure on outer object
+        self.assertRaises(ExpectedError, gulp, delayed_raise(0))
+        # iter.__next__ failure on inner object
+        self.assertRaises(ExpectedError, gulp, delayed_raise(1))
+
+        # __eq__ failure
+        class DummyCmp:
+            def __eq__(self, dst):
+                raise ExpectedError
+        s = [DummyCmp(), DummyCmp(), None]
+
+        # __eq__ failure on outer object
+        self.assertRaises(ExpectedError, gulp, s, func=id)
+        # __eq__ failure on inner object
+        self.assertRaises(ExpectedError, gulp, s)
+
+        # keyfunc failure
+        def keyfunc(obj):
+            if keyfunc.skip > 0:
+                keyfunc.skip -= 1
+                return obj
+            else:
+                raise ExpectedError
+
+        # keyfunc failure on outer object
+        keyfunc.skip = 0
+        self.assertRaises(ExpectedError, gulp, [None], keyfunc)
+        keyfunc.skip = 1
+        self.assertRaises(ExpectedError, gulp, [None, None], keyfunc)
+
+
     @staticmethod
     def islice(iterable, *args):
+        # islice('ABCDEFG', 2) → A B
+        # islice('ABCDEFG', 2, 4) → C D
+        # islice('ABCDEFG', 2, None) → C D E F G
+        # islice('ABCDEFG', 0, None, 2) → A C E G
+
         s = slice(*args)
-        start, stop, step = s.start or 0, s.stop or sys.maxsize, s.step or 1
-        it = iter(range(start, stop, step))
-        try:
-            nexti = next(it)
-        except StopIteration:
-            # Consume *iterable* up to the *start* position.
-            for i, element in zip(range(start), iterable):
-                pass
-            return
-        try:
-            for i, element in enumerate(iterable):
-                if i == nexti:
-                    yield element
-                    nexti = next(it)
-        except StopIteration:
-            # Consume to *stop*.
-            for i, element in zip(range(i + 1, stop), iterable):
-                pass
+        start = 0 if s.start is None else s.start
+        stop = s.stop
+        step = 1 if s.step is None else s.step
+        if start < 0 or (stop is not None and stop < 0) or step <= 0:
+            raise ValueError
+
+        indices = count() if stop is None else range(max(start, stop))
+        next_i = start
+        for i, element in zip(indices, iterable):
+            if i == next_i:
+                yield element
+                next_i += step
 
     def test_islice_recipe(self):
         self.assertEqual(list(self.islice('ABCDEFG', 2)), list('AB'))
@@ -1627,6 +1754,172 @@ def test_islice_recipe(self):
         self.assertEqual(next(c), 3)
 
 
+    def test_tee_recipe(self):
+
+        # Begin tee() recipe ###########################################
+
+        def tee(iterable, n=2):
+            if n < 0:
+                raise ValueError
+            if n == 0:
+                return ()
+            iterator = _tee(iterable)
+            result = [iterator]
+            for _ in range(n - 1):
+                result.append(_tee(iterator))
+            return tuple(result)
+
+        class _tee:
+
+            def __init__(self, iterable):
+                it = iter(iterable)
+                if isinstance(it, _tee):
+                    self.iterator = it.iterator
+                    self.link = it.link
+                else:
+                    self.iterator = it
+                    self.link = [None, None]
+
+            def __iter__(self):
+                return self
+
+            def __next__(self):
+                link = self.link
+                if link[1] is None:
+                    link[0] = next(self.iterator)
+                    link[1] = [None, None]
+                value, self.link = link
+                return value
+
+        # End tee() recipe #############################################
+
+        n = 200
+
+        a, b = tee([])        # test empty iterator
+        self.assertEqual(list(a), [])
+        self.assertEqual(list(b), [])
+
+        a, b = tee(irange(n)) # test 100% interleaved
+        self.assertEqual(lzip(a,b), lzip(range(n), range(n)))
+
+        a, b = tee(irange(n)) # test 0% interleaved
+        self.assertEqual(list(a), list(range(n)))
+        self.assertEqual(list(b), list(range(n)))
+
+        a, b = tee(irange(n)) # test dealloc of leading iterator
+        for i in range(100):
+            self.assertEqual(next(a), i)
+        del a
+        self.assertEqual(list(b), list(range(n)))
+
+        a, b = tee(irange(n)) # test dealloc of trailing iterator
+        for i in range(100):
+            self.assertEqual(next(a), i)
+        del b
+        self.assertEqual(list(a), list(range(100, n)))
+
+        for j in range(5):   # test randomly interleaved
+            order = [0]*n + [1]*n
+            random.shuffle(order)
+            lists = ([], [])
+            its = tee(irange(n))
+            for i in order:
+                value = next(its[i])
+                lists[i].append(value)
+            self.assertEqual(lists[0], list(range(n)))
+            self.assertEqual(lists[1], list(range(n)))
+
+        # test argument format checking
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, tee)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, tee, 3)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, tee, [1,2], 'x')
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, tee, [1,2], 3, 'x')
+
+        # tee object should be instantiable
+        a, b = tee('abc')
+        c = type(a)('def')
+        self.assertEqual(list(c), list('def'))
+
+        # test long-lagged and multi-way split
+        a, b, c = tee(range(2000), 3)
+        for i in range(100):
+            self.assertEqual(next(a), i)
+        self.assertEqual(list(b), list(range(2000)))
+        self.assertEqual([next(c), next(c)], list(range(2)))
+        self.assertEqual(list(a), list(range(100,2000)))
+        self.assertEqual(list(c), list(range(2,2000)))
+
+        # test invalid values of n
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, tee, 'abc', 'invalid')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, tee, [], -1)
+
+        for n in range(5):
+            result = tee('abc', n)
+            self.assertEqual(type(result), tuple)
+            self.assertEqual(len(result), n)
+            self.assertEqual([list(x) for x in result], [list('abc')]*n)
+
+        # tee objects are independent (see bug gh-123884)
+        a, b = tee('abc')
+        c, d = tee(a)
+        e, f = tee(c)
+        self.assertTrue(len({a, b, c, d, e, f}) == 6)
+
+        # test tee_new
+        t1, t2 = tee('abc')
+        tnew = type(t1)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, tnew)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, tnew, 10)
+        t3 = tnew(t1)
+        self.assertTrue(list(t1) == list(t2) == list(t3) == list('abc'))
+
+        # test that tee objects are weak referencable
+        a, b = tee(range(10))
+        p = weakref.proxy(a)
+        self.assertEqual(getattr(p, '__class__'), type(b))
+        del a
+        gc.collect()  # For PyPy or other GCs.
+        self.assertRaises(ReferenceError, getattr, p, '__class__')
+
+        ans = list('abc')
+        long_ans = list(range(10000))
+
+        # Tests not applicable to the tee() recipe
+        if False:
+            # check copy
+            a, b = tee('abc')
+            self.assertEqual(list(copy.copy(a)), ans)
+            self.assertEqual(list(copy.copy(b)), ans)
+            a, b = tee(list(range(10000)))
+            self.assertEqual(list(copy.copy(a)), long_ans)
+            self.assertEqual(list(copy.copy(b)), long_ans)
+
+            # check partially consumed copy
+            a, b = tee('abc')
+            take(2, a)
+            take(1, b)
+            self.assertEqual(list(copy.copy(a)), ans[2:])
+            self.assertEqual(list(copy.copy(b)), ans[1:])
+            self.assertEqual(list(a), ans[2:])
+            self.assertEqual(list(b), ans[1:])
+            a, b = tee(range(10000))
+            take(100, a)
+            take(60, b)
+            self.assertEqual(list(copy.copy(a)), long_ans[100:])
+            self.assertEqual(list(copy.copy(b)), long_ans[60:])
+            self.assertEqual(list(a), long_ans[100:])
+            self.assertEqual(list(b), long_ans[60:])
+
+        # Issue 13454: Crash when deleting backward iterator from tee()
+        forward, backward = tee(repeat(None, 2000)) # 20000000
+        try:
+            any(forward)  # exhaust the iterator
+            del backward
+        except:
+            del forward, backward
+            raise
+
+
 class TestGC(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def makecycle(self, iterator, container):
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_json/test_decode.py b/Lib/test/test_json/test_decode.py
index 79fb239b35d3f2..2250af964c022b 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_json/test_decode.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_json/test_decode.py
@@ -16,6 +16,12 @@ def test_float(self):
         self.assertIsInstance(rval, float)
         self.assertEqual(rval, 1.0)
 
+    def test_nonascii_digits_rejected(self):
+        # JSON specifies only ascii digits, see gh-125687
+        for num in ["1\uff10", "0.\uff10", "0e\uff10"]:
+            with self.assertRaises(self.JSONDecodeError):
+                self.loads(num)
+
     def test_bytes(self):
         self.assertEqual(self.loads(b"1"), 1)
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_json/test_default.py b/Lib/test/test_json/test_default.py
index 3ce16684a08272..811880a15c8020 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_json/test_default.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_json/test_default.py
@@ -8,6 +8,24 @@ def test_default(self):
             self.dumps(type, default=repr),
             self.dumps(repr(type)))
 
+    def test_bad_default(self):
+        def default(obj):
+            if obj is NotImplemented:
+                raise ValueError
+            if obj is ...:
+                return NotImplemented
+            if obj is type:
+                return collections
+            return [...]
+
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as cm:
+            self.dumps(type, default=default)
+        self.assertEqual(cm.exception.__notes__,
+                         ['when serializing ellipsis object',
+                          'when serializing list item 0',
+                          'when serializing module object',
+                          'when serializing type object'])
+
     def test_ordereddict(self):
         od = collections.OrderedDict(a=1, b=2, c=3, d=4)
         od.move_to_end('b')
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_json/test_fail.py b/Lib/test/test_json/test_fail.py
index a74240f1107de3..7c1696cc66d12b 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_json/test_fail.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_json/test_fail.py
@@ -100,8 +100,27 @@ def test_non_string_keys_dict(self):
     def test_not_serializable(self):
         import sys
         with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError,
-                'Object of type module is not JSON serializable'):
+                'Object of type module is not JSON serializable') as cm:
             self.dumps(sys)
+        self.assertFalse(hasattr(cm.exception, '__notes__'))
+
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as cm:
+            self.dumps([1, [2, 3, sys]])
+        self.assertEqual(cm.exception.__notes__,
+                         ['when serializing list item 2',
+                          'when serializing list item 1'])
+
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as cm:
+            self.dumps((1, (2, 3, sys)))
+        self.assertEqual(cm.exception.__notes__,
+                         ['when serializing tuple item 2',
+                          'when serializing tuple item 1'])
+
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as cm:
+            self.dumps({'a': {'b': sys}})
+        self.assertEqual(cm.exception.__notes__,
+                         ["when serializing dict item 'b'",
+                          "when serializing dict item 'a'"])
 
     def test_truncated_input(self):
         test_cases = [
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_json/test_recursion.py b/Lib/test/test_json/test_recursion.py
index 164ff2013eb552..290207e9c15b88 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_json/test_recursion.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_json/test_recursion.py
@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ def test_listrecursion(self):
         x.append(x)
         try:
             self.dumps(x)
-        except ValueError:
-            pass
+        except ValueError as exc:
+            self.assertEqual(exc.__notes__, ["when serializing list item 0"])
         else:
             self.fail("didn't raise ValueError on list recursion")
         x = []
@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@ def test_listrecursion(self):
         x.append(y)
         try:
             self.dumps(x)
-        except ValueError:
-            pass
+        except ValueError as exc:
+            self.assertEqual(exc.__notes__, ["when serializing list item 0"]*2)
         else:
             self.fail("didn't raise ValueError on alternating list recursion")
         y = []
@@ -35,8 +35,8 @@ def test_dictrecursion(self):
         x["test"] = x
         try:
             self.dumps(x)
-        except ValueError:
-            pass
+        except ValueError as exc:
+            self.assertEqual(exc.__notes__, ["when serializing dict item 'test'"])
         else:
             self.fail("didn't raise ValueError on dict recursion")
         x = {}
@@ -60,8 +60,10 @@ def default(self, o):
         enc.recurse = True
         try:
             enc.encode(JSONTestObject)
-        except ValueError:
-            pass
+        except ValueError as exc:
+            self.assertEqual(exc.__notes__,
+                             ["when serializing list item 0",
+                              "when serializing type object"])
         else:
             self.fail("didn't raise ValueError on default recursion")
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_json/test_scanstring.py b/Lib/test/test_json/test_scanstring.py
index 2d3ee8a8bf0f92..cca556a3b95bab 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_json/test_scanstring.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_json/test_scanstring.py
@@ -116,6 +116,11 @@ def test_bad_escapes(self):
             '"\\u012z"',
             '"\\u0x12"',
             '"\\u0X12"',
+            '"\\u{0}"'.format("\uff10" * 4),
+            '"\\u 123"',
+            '"\\u-123"',
+            '"\\u+123"',
+            '"\\u1_23"',
             '"\\ud834\\"',
             '"\\ud834\\u"',
             '"\\ud834\\ud"',
@@ -127,6 +132,11 @@ def test_bad_escapes(self):
             '"\\ud834\\udd2z"',
             '"\\ud834\\u0x20"',
             '"\\ud834\\u0X20"',
+            '"\\ud834\\u{0}"'.format("\uff10" * 4),
+            '"\\ud834\\u 123"',
+            '"\\ud834\\u-123"',
+            '"\\ud834\\u+123"',
+            '"\\ud834\\u1_23"',
         ]
         for s in bad_escapes:
             with self.assertRaises(self.JSONDecodeError, msg=s):
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_json/test_tool.py b/Lib/test/test_json/test_tool.py
index 2b63810d53981e..5da7cdcad709fa 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_json/test_tool.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_json/test_tool.py
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 
 
 @support.requires_subprocess()
-class TestTool(unittest.TestCase):
+class TestMain(unittest.TestCase):
     data = """
 
         [["blorpie"],[ "whoops" ] , [
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ class TestTool(unittest.TestCase):
         "i-vhbjkhnth", {"nifty":87}, {"morefield" :\tfalse,"field"
             :"yes"}  ]
            """
+    module = 'json'
 
     expect_without_sort_keys = textwrap.dedent("""\
     [
@@ -87,7 +88,7 @@ class TestTool(unittest.TestCase):
     """)
 
     def test_stdin_stdout(self):
-        args = sys.executable, '-m', 'json.tool'
+        args = sys.executable, '-m', self.module
         process = subprocess.run(args, input=self.data, capture_output=True, text=True, check=True)
         self.assertEqual(process.stdout, self.expect)
         self.assertEqual(process.stderr, '')
@@ -101,7 +102,7 @@ def _create_infile(self, data=None):
 
     def test_infile_stdout(self):
         infile = self._create_infile()
-        rc, out, err = assert_python_ok('-m', 'json.tool', infile)
+        rc, out, err = assert_python_ok('-m', self.module, infile)
         self.assertEqual(rc, 0)
         self.assertEqual(out.splitlines(), self.expect.encode().splitlines())
         self.assertEqual(err, b'')
@@ -115,7 +116,7 @@ def test_non_ascii_infile(self):
         ''').encode()
 
         infile = self._create_infile(data)
-        rc, out, err = assert_python_ok('-m', 'json.tool', infile)
+        rc, out, err = assert_python_ok('-m', self.module, infile)
 
         self.assertEqual(rc, 0)
         self.assertEqual(out.splitlines(), expect.splitlines())
@@ -124,7 +125,7 @@ def test_non_ascii_infile(self):
     def test_infile_outfile(self):
         infile = self._create_infile()
         outfile = os_helper.TESTFN + '.out'
-        rc, out, err = assert_python_ok('-m', 'json.tool', infile, outfile)
+        rc, out, err = assert_python_ok('-m', self.module, infile, outfile)
         self.addCleanup(os.remove, outfile)
         with open(outfile, "r", encoding="utf-8") as fp:
             self.assertEqual(fp.read(), self.expect)
@@ -134,7 +135,7 @@ def test_infile_outfile(self):
 
     def test_writing_in_place(self):
         infile = self._create_infile()
-        rc, out, err = assert_python_ok('-m', 'json.tool', infile, infile)
+        rc, out, err = assert_python_ok('-m', self.module, infile, infile)
         with open(infile, "r", encoding="utf-8") as fp:
             self.assertEqual(fp.read(), self.expect)
         self.assertEqual(rc, 0)
@@ -142,20 +143,20 @@ def test_writing_in_place(self):
         self.assertEqual(err, b'')
 
     def test_jsonlines(self):
-        args = sys.executable, '-m', 'json.tool', '--json-lines'
+        args = sys.executable, '-m', self.module, '--json-lines'
         process = subprocess.run(args, input=self.jsonlines_raw, capture_output=True, text=True, check=True)
         self.assertEqual(process.stdout, self.jsonlines_expect)
         self.assertEqual(process.stderr, '')
 
     def test_help_flag(self):
-        rc, out, err = assert_python_ok('-m', 'json.tool', '-h')
+        rc, out, err = assert_python_ok('-m', self.module, '-h')
         self.assertEqual(rc, 0)
         self.assertTrue(out.startswith(b'usage: '))
         self.assertEqual(err, b'')
 
     def test_sort_keys_flag(self):
         infile = self._create_infile()
-        rc, out, err = assert_python_ok('-m', 'json.tool', '--sort-keys', infile)
+        rc, out, err = assert_python_ok('-m', self.module, '--sort-keys', infile)
         self.assertEqual(rc, 0)
         self.assertEqual(out.splitlines(),
                          self.expect_without_sort_keys.encode().splitlines())
@@ -169,7 +170,7 @@ def test_indent(self):
           2
         ]
         ''')
-        args = sys.executable, '-m', 'json.tool', '--indent', '2'
+        args = sys.executable, '-m', self.module, '--indent', '2'
         process = subprocess.run(args, input=input_, capture_output=True, text=True, check=True)
         self.assertEqual(process.stdout, expect)
         self.assertEqual(process.stderr, '')
@@ -177,7 +178,7 @@ def test_indent(self):
     def test_no_indent(self):
         input_ = '[1,\n2]'
         expect = '[1, 2]\n'
-        args = sys.executable, '-m', 'json.tool', '--no-indent'
+        args = sys.executable, '-m', self.module, '--no-indent'
         process = subprocess.run(args, input=input_, capture_output=True, text=True, check=True)
         self.assertEqual(process.stdout, expect)
         self.assertEqual(process.stderr, '')
@@ -185,7 +186,7 @@ def test_no_indent(self):
     def test_tab(self):
         input_ = '[1, 2]'
         expect = '[\n\t1,\n\t2\n]\n'
-        args = sys.executable, '-m', 'json.tool', '--tab'
+        args = sys.executable, '-m', self.module, '--tab'
         process = subprocess.run(args, input=input_, capture_output=True, text=True, check=True)
         self.assertEqual(process.stdout, expect)
         self.assertEqual(process.stderr, '')
@@ -193,7 +194,7 @@ def test_tab(self):
     def test_compact(self):
         input_ = '[ 1 ,\n 2]'
         expect = '[1,2]\n'
-        args = sys.executable, '-m', 'json.tool', '--compact'
+        args = sys.executable, '-m', self.module, '--compact'
         process = subprocess.run(args, input=input_, capture_output=True, text=True, check=True)
         self.assertEqual(process.stdout, expect)
         self.assertEqual(process.stderr, '')
@@ -202,7 +203,7 @@ def test_no_ensure_ascii_flag(self):
         infile = self._create_infile('{"key":"💩"}')
         outfile = os_helper.TESTFN + '.out'
         self.addCleanup(os.remove, outfile)
-        assert_python_ok('-m', 'json.tool', '--no-ensure-ascii', infile, outfile)
+        assert_python_ok('-m', self.module, '--no-ensure-ascii', infile, outfile)
         with open(outfile, "rb") as f:
             lines = f.read().splitlines()
         # asserting utf-8 encoded output file
@@ -213,7 +214,7 @@ def test_ensure_ascii_default(self):
         infile = self._create_infile('{"key":"💩"}')
         outfile = os_helper.TESTFN + '.out'
         self.addCleanup(os.remove, outfile)
-        assert_python_ok('-m', 'json.tool', infile, outfile)
+        assert_python_ok('-m', self.module, infile, outfile)
         with open(outfile, "rb") as f:
             lines = f.read().splitlines()
         # asserting an ascii encoded output file
@@ -222,11 +223,16 @@ def test_ensure_ascii_default(self):
 
     @unittest.skipIf(sys.platform =="win32", "The test is failed with ValueError on Windows")
     def test_broken_pipe_error(self):
-        cmd = [sys.executable, '-m', 'json.tool']
+        cmd = [sys.executable, '-m', self.module]
         proc = subprocess.Popen(cmd,
                                 stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                                 stdin=subprocess.PIPE)
-        # bpo-39828: Closing before json.tool attempts to write into stdout.
+        # bpo-39828: Closing before json attempts to write into stdout.
         proc.stdout.close()
         proc.communicate(b'"{}"')
         self.assertEqual(proc.returncode, errno.EPIPE)
+
+
+@support.requires_subprocess()
+class TestTool(TestMain):
+    module = 'json.tool'
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_largefile.py b/Lib/test/test_largefile.py
index 849b6cb3e50a19..41f7b70e5cfe81 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_largefile.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_largefile.py
@@ -141,6 +141,9 @@ def test_truncate(self):
             f.truncate(1)
             self.assertEqual(f.tell(), 0)       # else pointer moved
             f.seek(0)
+            # Verify readall on a truncated file is well behaved. read()
+            # without a size can be unbounded, this should get just the byte
+            # that remains.
             self.assertEqual(len(f.read()), 1)  # else wasn't truncated
 
     def test_seekable(self):
@@ -151,6 +154,22 @@ def test_seekable(self):
                 f.seek(pos)
                 self.assertTrue(f.seekable())
 
+    @bigmemtest(size=size, memuse=2, dry_run=False)
+    def test_seek_readall(self, _size):
+        # Seek which doesn't change position should readall successfully.
+        with self.open(TESTFN, 'rb') as f:
+            self.assertEqual(f.seek(0, os.SEEK_CUR), 0)
+            self.assertEqual(len(f.read()), size + 1)
+
+        # Seek which changes (or might change) position should readall
+        # successfully.
+        with self.open(TESTFN, 'rb') as f:
+            self.assertEqual(f.seek(20, os.SEEK_SET), 20)
+            self.assertEqual(len(f.read()), size - 19)
+
+        with self.open(TESTFN, 'rb') as f:
+            self.assertEqual(f.seek(-3, os.SEEK_END), size - 2)
+            self.assertEqual(len(f.read()), 3)
 
 def skip_no_disk_space(path, required):
     def decorator(fun):
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_linecache.py b/Lib/test/test_linecache.py
index 8ac521d72ef13e..6f5955791407ea 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_linecache.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_linecache.py
@@ -280,6 +280,37 @@ def test_loader(self):
         self.assertEqual(linecache.getlines(filename, module_globals),
                          ['source for x.y.z\n'])
 
+    def test_invalid_names(self):
+        for name, desc in [
+            ('\x00', 'NUL bytes filename'),
+            (__file__ + '\x00', 'filename with embedded NUL bytes'),
+            # A filename with surrogate codes. A UnicodeEncodeError is raised
+            # by os.stat() upon querying, which is a subclass of ValueError.
+            ("\uD834\uDD1E.py", 'surrogate codes (MUSICAL SYMBOL G CLEF)'),
+            # For POSIX platforms, an OSError will be raised but for Windows
+            # platforms, a ValueError is raised due to the path_t converter.
+            # See: https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/122170
+            ('a' * 1_000_000, 'very long filename'),
+        ]:
+            with self.subTest(f'updatecache: {desc}'):
+                linecache.clearcache()
+                lines = linecache.updatecache(name)
+                self.assertListEqual(lines, [])
+                self.assertNotIn(name, linecache.cache)
+
+            # hack into the cache (it shouldn't be allowed
+            # but we never know what people do...)
+            for key, fullname in [(name, 'ok'), ('key', name), (name, name)]:
+                with self.subTest(f'checkcache: {desc}',
+                                  key=key, fullname=fullname):
+                    linecache.clearcache()
+                    linecache.cache[key] = (0, 1234, [], fullname)
+                    linecache.checkcache(key)
+                    self.assertNotIn(key, linecache.cache)
+
+        # just to be sure that we did not mess with cache
+        linecache.clearcache()
+
 
 class LineCacheInvalidationTests(unittest.TestCase):
     def setUp(self):
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_list.py b/Lib/test/test_list.py
index 0601b33e79ebb6..ad7accf2099f43 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_list.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_list.py
@@ -234,6 +234,31 @@ def __eq__(self, other):
         list4 = [1]
         self.assertFalse(list3 == list4)
 
+    def test_lt_operator_modifying_operand(self):
+        # See gh-120298
+        class evil:
+            def __lt__(self, other):
+                other.clear()
+                return NotImplemented
+
+        a = [[evil()]]
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            a[0] < a
+
+    def test_list_index_modifing_operand(self):
+        # See gh-120384
+        class evil:
+            def __init__(self, lst):
+                self.lst = lst
+            def __iter__(self):
+                yield from self.lst
+                self.lst.clear()
+
+        lst = list(range(5))
+        operand = evil(lst)
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            lst[::-1] = operand
+
     @cpython_only
     def test_preallocation(self):
         iterable = [0] * 10
@@ -274,6 +299,15 @@ def __eq__(self, other):
         lst = [X(), X()]
         X() in lst
 
+    def test_tier2_invalidates_iterator(self):
+        # GH-121012
+        for _ in range(100):
+            a = [1, 2, 3]
+            it = iter(a)
+            for _ in it:
+                pass
+            a.append(4)
+            self.assertEqual(list(it), [])
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_listcomps.py b/Lib/test/test_listcomps.py
index ec2aac81682db8..cffdeeacc5d73b 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_listcomps.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_listcomps.py
@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
 import doctest
 import textwrap
+import traceback
 import types
 import unittest
 
+from test.support import BrokenIter
+
 
 doctests = """
 ########### Tests borrowed from or inspired by test_genexps.py ############
@@ -168,6 +171,31 @@ def test_references___class__(self):
         """
         self._check_in_scopes(code, raises=NameError)
 
+    def test_references___class___defined(self):
+        code = """
+            __class__ = 2
+            res = [__class__ for x in [1]]
+        """
+        self._check_in_scopes(
+                code, outputs={"res": [2]}, scopes=["module", "function"])
+        self._check_in_scopes(code, raises=NameError, scopes=["class"])
+
+    def test_references___class___enclosing(self):
+        code = """
+            __class__ = 2
+            class C:
+                res = [__class__ for x in [1]]
+            res = C.res
+        """
+        self._check_in_scopes(code, raises=NameError)
+
+    def test_super_and_class_cell_in_sibling_comps(self):
+        code = """
+            [super for _ in [1]]
+            [__class__ for _ in [1]]
+        """
+        self._check_in_scopes(code, raises=NameError)
+
     def test_inner_cell_shadows_outer(self):
         code = """
             items = [(lambda: i) for i in range(5)]
@@ -581,7 +609,7 @@ def test_comp_in_try_except(self):
             result = snapshot = None
             try:
                 result = [{func}(value) for value in value]
-            except:
+            except ValueError:
                 snapshot = value
                 raise
         """
@@ -615,7 +643,7 @@ def test_exception_in_post_comp_call(self):
             value = [1, None]
             try:
                 [v for v in value].sort()
-            except:
+            except TypeError:
                 pass
         """
         self._check_in_scopes(code, {"value": [1, None]})
@@ -686,6 +714,42 @@ def test_multiple_comprehension_name_reuse(self):
         self._check_in_scopes(code, {"x": 2, "y": [3]}, ns={"x": 3}, scopes=["class"])
         self._check_in_scopes(code, {"x": 2, "y": [2]}, ns={"x": 3}, scopes=["function", "module"])
 
+    def test_exception_locations(self):
+        # The location of an exception raised from __init__ or
+        # __next__ should should be the iterator expression
+
+        def init_raises():
+            try:
+                [x for x in BrokenIter(init_raises=True)]
+            except Exception as e:
+                return e
+
+        def next_raises():
+            try:
+                [x for x in BrokenIter(next_raises=True)]
+            except Exception as e:
+                return e
+
+        def iter_raises():
+            try:
+                [x for x in BrokenIter(iter_raises=True)]
+            except Exception as e:
+                return e
+
+        for func, expected in [(init_raises, "BrokenIter(init_raises=True)"),
+                               (next_raises, "BrokenIter(next_raises=True)"),
+                               (iter_raises, "BrokenIter(iter_raises=True)"),
+                              ]:
+            with self.subTest(func):
+                exc = func()
+                f = traceback.extract_tb(exc.__traceback__)[0]
+                indent = 16
+                co = func.__code__
+                self.assertEqual(f.lineno, co.co_firstlineno + 2)
+                self.assertEqual(f.end_lineno, co.co_firstlineno + 2)
+                self.assertEqual(f.line[f.colno - indent : f.end_colno - indent],
+                                 expected)
+
 __test__ = {'doctests' : doctests}
 
 def load_tests(loader, tests, pattern):
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_locale.py b/Lib/test/test_locale.py
index da4bd79746a476..00e93d8e78443d 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_locale.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_locale.py
@@ -355,6 +355,8 @@ def setUp(self):
         is_emscripten or is_wasi,
         "musl libc issue on Emscripten/WASI, bpo-46390"
     )
+    @unittest.skipIf(sys.platform.startswith("netbsd"),
+                     "gh-124108: NetBSD doesn't support UTF-8 for LC_COLLATE")
     def test_strcoll_with_diacritic(self):
         self.assertLess(locale.strcoll('à', 'b'), 0)
 
@@ -364,6 +366,8 @@ def test_strcoll_with_diacritic(self):
         is_emscripten or is_wasi,
         "musl libc issue on Emscripten/WASI, bpo-46390"
     )
+    @unittest.skipIf(sys.platform.startswith("netbsd"),
+                     "gh-124108: NetBSD doesn't support UTF-8 for LC_COLLATE")
     def test_strxfrm_with_diacritic(self):
         self.assertLess(locale.strxfrm('à'), locale.strxfrm('b'))
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_logging.py b/Lib/test/test_logging.py
index ef2d4a621be962..e72f222e1c7eeb 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_logging.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_logging.py
@@ -1038,6 +1038,7 @@ class TestTCPServer(ControlMixin, ThreadingTCPServer):
     """
 
     allow_reuse_address = True
+    allow_reuse_port = True
 
     def __init__(self, addr, handler, poll_interval=0.5,
                  bind_and_activate=True):
@@ -2367,6 +2368,32 @@ class CustomListener(logging.handlers.QueueListener):
 class CustomQueue(queue.Queue):
     pass
 
+class CustomQueueProtocol:
+    def __init__(self, maxsize=0):
+        self.queue = queue.Queue(maxsize)
+
+    def __getattr__(self, attribute):
+        queue = object.__getattribute__(self, 'queue')
+        return getattr(queue, attribute)
+
+class CustomQueueFakeProtocol(CustomQueueProtocol):
+    # An object implementing the minimial Queue API for
+    # the logging module but with incorrect signatures.
+    #
+    # The object will be considered a valid queue class since we
+    # do not check the signatures (only callability of methods)
+    # but will NOT be usable in production since a TypeError will
+    # be raised due to the extra argument in 'put_nowait'.
+    def put_nowait(self):
+        pass
+
+class CustomQueueWrongProtocol(CustomQueueProtocol):
+    put_nowait = None
+
+class MinimalQueueProtocol:
+    def put_nowait(self, x): pass
+    def get(self): pass
+
 def queueMaker():
     return queue.Queue()
 
@@ -3728,16 +3755,16 @@ def test_baseconfig(self):
             'adict': {
                 'd': 'e', 'f': 3 ,
                 'alpha numeric 1 with spaces' : 5,
-                'aplha numeric 1 %( - © ©ß¯' : 9,
+                'alpha numeric 1 %( - © ©ß¯' : 9,
                 'alpha numeric ] 1 with spaces' : 15,
-                'aplha ]] numeric 1 %( - © ©ß¯]' : 19,
-                ' aplha [ numeric 1 %( - © ©ß¯] ' : 11,
-                ' aplha ' : 32,
+                'alpha ]] numeric 1 %( - © ©ß¯]' : 19,
+                ' alpha [ numeric 1 %( - © ©ß¯] ' : 11,
+                ' alpha ' : 32,
                 '' : 10,
                 'nest4' : {
                     'd': 'e', 'f': 3 ,
                     'alpha numeric 1 with spaces' : 5,
-                    'aplha numeric 1 %( - © ©ß¯' : 9,
+                    'alpha numeric 1 %( - © ©ß¯' : 9,
                     '' : 10,
                     'somelist' :  ('g', ('h', 'i'), 'j'),
                     'somedict' : {
@@ -3759,14 +3786,14 @@ def test_baseconfig(self):
         self.assertEqual(bc.convert('cfg://adict.d'), 'e')
         self.assertEqual(bc.convert('cfg://adict[f]'), 3)
         self.assertEqual(bc.convert('cfg://adict[alpha numeric 1 with spaces]'), 5)
-        self.assertEqual(bc.convert('cfg://adict[aplha numeric 1 %( - © ©ß¯]'), 9)
+        self.assertEqual(bc.convert('cfg://adict[alpha numeric 1 %( - © ©ß¯]'), 9)
         self.assertEqual(bc.convert('cfg://adict[]'), 10)
         self.assertEqual(bc.convert('cfg://adict.nest4.d'), 'e')
         self.assertEqual(bc.convert('cfg://adict.nest4[d]'), 'e')
         self.assertEqual(bc.convert('cfg://adict[nest4].d'), 'e')
         self.assertEqual(bc.convert('cfg://adict[nest4][f]'), 3)
         self.assertEqual(bc.convert('cfg://adict[nest4][alpha numeric 1 with spaces]'), 5)
-        self.assertEqual(bc.convert('cfg://adict[nest4][aplha numeric 1 %( - © ©ß¯]'), 9)
+        self.assertEqual(bc.convert('cfg://adict[nest4][alpha numeric 1 %( - © ©ß¯]'), 9)
         self.assertEqual(bc.convert('cfg://adict[nest4][]'), 10)
         self.assertEqual(bc.convert('cfg://adict[nest4][somelist][0]'), 'g')
         self.assertEqual(bc.convert('cfg://adict[nest4][somelist][1][0]'), 'h')
@@ -3786,8 +3813,8 @@ def test_baseconfig(self):
         self.assertRaises(ValueError, bc.convert, 'cfg://!')
         self.assertRaises(KeyError, bc.convert, 'cfg://adict[2]')
         self.assertRaises(KeyError, bc.convert, 'cfg://adict[alpha numeric ] 1 with spaces]')
-        self.assertRaises(ValueError, bc.convert, 'cfg://adict[ aplha ]] numeric 1 %( - © ©ß¯] ]')
-        self.assertRaises(ValueError, bc.convert, 'cfg://adict[ aplha [ numeric 1 %( - © ©ß¯] ]')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, bc.convert, 'cfg://adict[ alpha ]] numeric 1 %( - © ©ß¯] ]')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, bc.convert, 'cfg://adict[ alpha [ numeric 1 %( - © ©ß¯] ]')
 
     def test_namedtuple(self):
         # see bpo-39142
@@ -3898,19 +3925,18 @@ def do_queuehandler_configuration(self, qspec, lspec):
                 self.addCleanup(os.remove, fn)
 
     @threading_helper.requires_working_threading()
+    @support.requires_subprocess()
     def test_config_queue_handler(self):
-        q = CustomQueue()
-        dq = {
-            '()': __name__ + '.CustomQueue',
-            'maxsize': 10
-        }
+        qs = [CustomQueue(), CustomQueueProtocol()]
+        dqs = [{'()': f'{__name__}.{cls}', 'maxsize': 10}
+               for cls in ['CustomQueue', 'CustomQueueProtocol']]
         dl = {
             '()': __name__ + '.listenerMaker',
             'arg1': None,
             'arg2': None,
             'respect_handler_level': True
         }
-        qvalues = (None, __name__ + '.queueMaker', __name__ + '.CustomQueue', dq, q)
+        qvalues = (None, __name__ + '.queueMaker', __name__ + '.CustomQueue', *dqs, *qs)
         lvalues = (None, __name__ + '.CustomListener', dl, CustomListener)
         for qspec, lspec in itertools.product(qvalues, lvalues):
             self.do_queuehandler_configuration(qspec, lspec)
@@ -3926,12 +3952,116 @@ def test_config_queue_handler(self):
             msg = str(ctx.exception)
             self.assertEqual(msg, "Unable to configure handler 'ah'")
 
+    def _apply_simple_queue_listener_configuration(self, qspec):
+        self.apply_config({
+            "version": 1,
+            "handlers": {
+                "queue_listener": {
+                    "class": "logging.handlers.QueueHandler",
+                    "queue": qspec,
+                },
+            },
+        })
+
+    @threading_helper.requires_working_threading()
+    @support.requires_subprocess()
+    @patch("multiprocessing.Manager")
+    def test_config_queue_handler_does_not_create_multiprocessing_manager(self, manager):
+        # gh-120868, gh-121723, gh-124653
+
+        for qspec in [
+            {"()": "queue.Queue", "maxsize": -1},
+            queue.Queue(),
+            # queue.SimpleQueue does not inherit from queue.Queue
+            queue.SimpleQueue(),
+            # CustomQueueFakeProtocol passes the checks but will not be usable
+            # since the signatures are incompatible. Checking the Queue API
+            # without testing the type of the actual queue is a trade-off
+            # between usability and the work we need to do in order to safely
+            # check that the queue object correctly implements the API.
+            CustomQueueFakeProtocol(),
+            MinimalQueueProtocol(),
+        ]:
+            with self.subTest(qspec=qspec):
+                self._apply_simple_queue_listener_configuration(qspec)
+                manager.assert_not_called()
+
+    @patch("multiprocessing.Manager")
+    def test_config_queue_handler_invalid_config_does_not_create_multiprocessing_manager(self, manager):
+        # gh-120868, gh-121723
+
+        for qspec in [object(), CustomQueueWrongProtocol()]:
+            with self.subTest(qspec=qspec), self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+                self._apply_simple_queue_listener_configuration(qspec)
+                manager.assert_not_called()
+
+    @skip_if_tsan_fork
+    @support.requires_subprocess()
+    @unittest.skipUnless(support.Py_DEBUG, "requires a debug build for testing"
+                                           " assertions in multiprocessing")
+    def test_config_reject_simple_queue_handler_multiprocessing_context(self):
+        # multiprocessing.SimpleQueue does not implement 'put_nowait'
+        # and thus cannot be used as a queue-like object (gh-124653)
+
+        import multiprocessing
+
+        if support.MS_WINDOWS:
+            start_methods = ['spawn']
+        else:
+            start_methods = ['spawn', 'fork', 'forkserver']
+
+        for start_method in start_methods:
+            with self.subTest(start_method=start_method):
+                ctx = multiprocessing.get_context(start_method)
+                qspec = ctx.SimpleQueue()
+                with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+                    self._apply_simple_queue_listener_configuration(qspec)
+
+    @skip_if_tsan_fork
+    @support.requires_subprocess()
+    @unittest.skipUnless(support.Py_DEBUG, "requires a debug build for testing"
+                                           " assertions in multiprocessing")
+    def test_config_queue_handler_multiprocessing_context(self):
+        # regression test for gh-121723
+        if support.MS_WINDOWS:
+            start_methods = ['spawn']
+        else:
+            start_methods = ['spawn', 'fork', 'forkserver']
+        for start_method in start_methods:
+            with self.subTest(start_method=start_method):
+                ctx = multiprocessing.get_context(start_method)
+                with ctx.Manager() as manager:
+                    q = manager.Queue()
+                    records = []
+                    # use 1 process and 1 task per child to put 1 record
+                    with ctx.Pool(1, initializer=self._mpinit_issue121723,
+                                  initargs=(q, "text"), maxtasksperchild=1):
+                        records.append(q.get(timeout=60))
+                    self.assertTrue(q.empty())
+                self.assertEqual(len(records), 1)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _mpinit_issue121723(qspec, message_to_log):
+        # static method for pickling support
+        logging.config.dictConfig({
+            'version': 1,
+            'disable_existing_loggers': True,
+            'handlers': {
+                'log_to_parent': {
+                    'class': 'logging.handlers.QueueHandler',
+                    'queue': qspec
+                }
+            },
+            'root': {'handlers': ['log_to_parent'], 'level': 'DEBUG'}
+        })
+        # log a message (this creates a record put in the queue)
+        logging.getLogger().info(message_to_log)
+
+    @skip_if_tsan_fork
+    @support.requires_subprocess()
     def test_multiprocessing_queues(self):
         # See gh-119819
 
-        # will skip test if it's not available
-        import_helper.import_module('_multiprocessing')
-
         cd = copy.deepcopy(self.config_queue_handler)
         from multiprocessing import Queue as MQ, Manager as MM
         q1 = MQ()  # this can't be pickled
@@ -4240,6 +4370,7 @@ def test_queue_listener_with_multiple_handlers(self):
     import multiprocessing
     from unittest.mock import patch
 
+    @skip_if_tsan_fork
     @threading_helper.requires_working_threading()
     class QueueListenerTest(BaseTest):
         """
@@ -4649,13 +4780,18 @@ def test_msecs_has_no_floating_point_precision_loss(self):
             (1_677_902_297_100_000_000, 100.0),  # exactly 100ms
             (1_677_903_920_999_998_503, 999.0),  # check truncating doesn't round
             (1_677_903_920_000_998_503, 0.0),  # check truncating doesn't round
+            (1_677_903_920_999_999_900, 0.0), # check rounding up
         )
         for ns, want in tests:
             with patch('time.time_ns') as patched_ns:
                 patched_ns.return_value = ns
                 record = logging.makeLogRecord({'msg': 'test'})
-            self.assertEqual(record.msecs, want)
-            self.assertEqual(record.created, ns / 1e9)
+            with self.subTest(ns):
+                self.assertEqual(record.msecs, want)
+                self.assertEqual(record.created, ns / 1e9)
+                self.assertAlmostEqual(record.created - int(record.created),
+                                       record.msecs / 1e3,
+                                       delta=1e-3)
 
     def test_relativeCreated_has_higher_precision(self):
         # See issue gh-102402.
@@ -4741,7 +4877,7 @@ def test_formatting(self):
         r.addHandler(h)
         try:
             raise RuntimeError('deliberate mistake')
-        except:
+        except RuntimeError:
             logging.exception('failed', stack_info=True)
         r.removeHandler(h)
         h.close()
@@ -5135,6 +5271,7 @@ def _extract_logrecord_process_name(key, logMultiprocessing, conn=None):
         else:
             return results
 
+    @skip_if_tsan_fork
     def test_multiprocessing(self):
         support.skip_if_broken_multiprocessing_synchronize()
         multiprocessing_imported = 'multiprocessing' in sys.modules
@@ -6079,13 +6216,28 @@ def test_emit_after_closing_in_write_mode(self):
             self.assertEqual(fp.read().strip(), '1')
 
 class RotatingFileHandlerTest(BaseFileTest):
-    @unittest.skipIf(support.is_wasi, "WASI does not have /dev/null.")
     def test_should_not_rollover(self):
-        # If maxbytes is zero rollover never occurs
+        # If file is empty rollover never occurs
+        rh = logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler(
+            self.fn, encoding="utf-8", maxBytes=1)
+        self.assertFalse(rh.shouldRollover(None))
+        rh.close()
+
+        # If maxBytes is zero rollover never occurs
         rh = logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler(
                 self.fn, encoding="utf-8", maxBytes=0)
         self.assertFalse(rh.shouldRollover(None))
         rh.close()
+
+        with open(self.fn, 'wb') as f:
+            f.write(b'\n')
+        rh = logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler(
+                self.fn, encoding="utf-8", maxBytes=0)
+        self.assertFalse(rh.shouldRollover(None))
+        rh.close()
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(support.is_wasi, "WASI does not have /dev/null.")
+    def test_should_not_rollover_non_file(self):
         # bpo-45401 - test with special file
         # We set maxBytes to 1 so that rollover would normally happen, except
         # for the check for regular files
@@ -6095,18 +6247,47 @@ def test_should_not_rollover(self):
         rh.close()
 
     def test_should_rollover(self):
-        rh = logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler(self.fn, encoding="utf-8", maxBytes=1)
+        with open(self.fn, 'wb') as f:
+            f.write(b'\n')
+        rh = logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler(self.fn, encoding="utf-8", maxBytes=2)
         self.assertTrue(rh.shouldRollover(self.next_rec()))
         rh.close()
 
     def test_file_created(self):
         # checks that the file is created and assumes it was created
         # by us
+        os.unlink(self.fn)
         rh = logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler(self.fn, encoding="utf-8")
         rh.emit(self.next_rec())
         self.assertLogFile(self.fn)
         rh.close()
 
+    def test_max_bytes(self, delay=False):
+        kwargs = {'delay': delay} if delay else {}
+        os.unlink(self.fn)
+        rh = logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler(
+            self.fn, encoding="utf-8", backupCount=2, maxBytes=100, **kwargs)
+        self.assertIs(os.path.exists(self.fn), not delay)
+        small = logging.makeLogRecord({'msg': 'a'})
+        large = logging.makeLogRecord({'msg': 'b'*100})
+        self.assertFalse(rh.shouldRollover(small))
+        self.assertFalse(rh.shouldRollover(large))
+        rh.emit(small)
+        self.assertLogFile(self.fn)
+        self.assertFalse(os.path.exists(self.fn + ".1"))
+        self.assertFalse(rh.shouldRollover(small))
+        self.assertTrue(rh.shouldRollover(large))
+        rh.emit(large)
+        self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(self.fn))
+        self.assertLogFile(self.fn + ".1")
+        self.assertFalse(os.path.exists(self.fn + ".2"))
+        self.assertTrue(rh.shouldRollover(small))
+        self.assertTrue(rh.shouldRollover(large))
+        rh.close()
+
+    def test_max_bytes_delay(self):
+        self.test_max_bytes(delay=True)
+
     def test_rollover_filenames(self):
         def namer(name):
             return name + ".test"
@@ -6115,11 +6296,15 @@ def namer(name):
         rh.namer = namer
         rh.emit(self.next_rec())
         self.assertLogFile(self.fn)
+        self.assertFalse(os.path.exists(namer(self.fn + ".1")))
         rh.emit(self.next_rec())
         self.assertLogFile(namer(self.fn + ".1"))
+        self.assertFalse(os.path.exists(namer(self.fn + ".2")))
         rh.emit(self.next_rec())
         self.assertLogFile(namer(self.fn + ".2"))
         self.assertFalse(os.path.exists(namer(self.fn + ".3")))
+        rh.emit(self.next_rec())
+        self.assertFalse(os.path.exists(namer(self.fn + ".3")))
         rh.close()
 
     def test_namer_rotator_inheritance(self):
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_long.py b/Lib/test/test_long.py
index 3b2e7c4e71d10d..19978118c80dba 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_long.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_long.py
@@ -473,6 +473,12 @@ def test_float_conversion(self):
             self.check_float_conversion(value)
             self.check_float_conversion(-value)
 
+    @support.requires_IEEE_754
+    @support.bigmemtest(2**32, memuse=0.2)
+    def test_float_conversion_huge_integer(self, size):
+        v = 1 << size
+        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, float, v)
+
     def test_float_overflow(self):
         for x in -2.0, -1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 2.0:
             self.assertEqual(float(int(x)), x)
@@ -614,6 +620,56 @@ def __lt__(self, other):
                     eq(x > y, Rcmp > 0)
                     eq(x >= y, Rcmp >= 0)
 
+    @support.requires_IEEE_754
+    @support.bigmemtest(2**32, memuse=0.2)
+    def test_mixed_compares_huge_integer(self, size):
+        v = 1 << size
+        f = sys.float_info.max
+        self.assertIs(f == v, False)
+        self.assertIs(f != v, True)
+        self.assertIs(f < v, True)
+        self.assertIs(f <= v, True)
+        self.assertIs(f > v, False)
+        self.assertIs(f >= v, False)
+        f = float('inf')
+        self.assertIs(f == v, False)
+        self.assertIs(f != v, True)
+        self.assertIs(f < v, False)
+        self.assertIs(f <= v, False)
+        self.assertIs(f > v, True)
+        self.assertIs(f >= v, True)
+        f = float('nan')
+        self.assertIs(f == v, False)
+        self.assertIs(f != v, True)
+        self.assertIs(f < v, False)
+        self.assertIs(f <= v, False)
+        self.assertIs(f > v, False)
+        self.assertIs(f >= v, False)
+
+        del v
+        v = (-1) << size
+        f = -sys.float_info.max
+        self.assertIs(f == v, False)
+        self.assertIs(f != v, True)
+        self.assertIs(f < v, False)
+        self.assertIs(f <= v, False)
+        self.assertIs(f > v, True)
+        self.assertIs(f >= v, True)
+        f = float('-inf')
+        self.assertIs(f == v, False)
+        self.assertIs(f != v, True)
+        self.assertIs(f < v, True)
+        self.assertIs(f <= v, True)
+        self.assertIs(f > v, False)
+        self.assertIs(f >= v, False)
+        f = float('nan')
+        self.assertIs(f == v, False)
+        self.assertIs(f != v, True)
+        self.assertIs(f < v, False)
+        self.assertIs(f <= v, False)
+        self.assertIs(f > v, False)
+        self.assertIs(f >= v, False)
+
     def test__format__(self):
         self.assertEqual(format(123456789, 'd'), '123456789')
         self.assertEqual(format(123456789, 'd'), '123456789')
@@ -933,9 +989,12 @@ def test_huge_lshift_of_zero(self):
         self.assertEqual(0 << (sys.maxsize + 1), 0)
 
     @support.cpython_only
-    @support.bigmemtest(sys.maxsize + 1000, memuse=2/15 * 2, dry_run=False)
+    @support.bigmemtest(2**32, memuse=0.2)
     def test_huge_lshift(self, size):
-        self.assertEqual(1 << (sys.maxsize + 1000), 1 << 1000 << sys.maxsize)
+        v = 5 << size
+        self.assertEqual(v.bit_length(), size + 3)
+        self.assertEqual(v.bit_count(), 2)
+        self.assertEqual(v >> size, 5)
 
     def test_huge_rshift(self):
         huge_shift = 1 << 1000
@@ -947,11 +1006,13 @@ def test_huge_rshift(self):
         self.assertEqual(-2**128 >> huge_shift, -1)
 
     @support.cpython_only
-    @support.bigmemtest(sys.maxsize + 500, memuse=2/15, dry_run=False)
+    @support.bigmemtest(2**32, memuse=0.2)
     def test_huge_rshift_of_huge(self, size):
-        huge = ((1 << 500) + 11) << sys.maxsize
-        self.assertEqual(huge >> (sys.maxsize + 1), (1 << 499) + 5)
-        self.assertEqual(huge >> (sys.maxsize + 1000), 0)
+        huge = ((1 << 500) + 11) << size
+        self.assertEqual(huge.bit_length(), size + 501)
+        self.assertEqual(huge.bit_count(), 4)
+        self.assertEqual(huge >> (size + 1), (1 << 499) + 5)
+        self.assertEqual(huge >> (size + 1000), 0)
 
     def test_small_rshift(self):
         self.assertEqual(42 >> 1, 21)
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_mailbox.py b/Lib/test/test_mailbox.py
index a1d72aed9d8939..3ecb5eab26d4b9 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_mailbox.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_mailbox.py
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import os
 import sys
 import time
-import stat
 import socket
 import email
 import email.message
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_math.py b/Lib/test/test_math.py
index b68c442013c09f..fecafd53aa6e6f 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_math.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_math.py
@@ -187,6 +187,9 @@ def result_check(expected, got, ulp_tol=5, abs_tol=0.0):
 
     # Check exactly equal (applies also to strings representing exceptions)
     if got == expected:
+        if not got and not expected:
+            if math.copysign(1, got) != math.copysign(1, expected):
+                return f"expected {expected}, got {got} (zero has wrong sign)"
         return None
 
     failure = "not equal"
@@ -809,11 +812,13 @@ def testHypot(self):
         # Test allowable types (those with __float__)
         self.assertEqual(hypot(12.0, 5.0), 13.0)
         self.assertEqual(hypot(12, 5), 13)
-        self.assertEqual(hypot(1, -1), math.sqrt(2))
-        self.assertEqual(hypot(1, FloatLike(-1.)), math.sqrt(2))
+        self.assertEqual(hypot(0.75, -1), 1.25)
+        self.assertEqual(hypot(-1, 0.75), 1.25)
+        self.assertEqual(hypot(0.75, FloatLike(-1.)), 1.25)
+        self.assertEqual(hypot(FloatLike(-1.), 0.75), 1.25)
         self.assertEqual(hypot(Decimal(12), Decimal(5)), 13)
         self.assertEqual(hypot(Fraction(12, 32), Fraction(5, 32)), Fraction(13, 32))
-        self.assertEqual(hypot(bool(1), bool(0), bool(1), bool(1)), math.sqrt(3))
+        self.assertEqual(hypot(True, False, True, True, True), 2.0)
 
         # Test corner cases
         self.assertEqual(hypot(0.0, 0.0), 0.0)     # Max input is zero
@@ -969,9 +974,9 @@ def testDist(self):
         self.assertEqual(dist((D(14), D(1)), (D(2), D(-4))), D(13))
         self.assertEqual(dist((F(14, 32), F(1, 32)), (F(2, 32), F(-4, 32))),
                          F(13, 32))
-        self.assertEqual(dist((True, True, False, True, False),
-                              (True, False, True, True, False)),
-                         sqrt(2.0))
+        self.assertEqual(dist((True, True, False, False, True, True),
+                              (True, False, True, False, False, False)),
+                         2.0)
 
         # Test corner cases
         self.assertEqual(dist((13.25, 12.5, -3.25),
@@ -1120,6 +1125,15 @@ def __index__(self):
                 with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
                     math.isqrt(value)
 
+    @support.bigmemtest(2**32, memuse=0.85)
+    def test_isqrt_huge(self, size):
+        if size & 1:
+            size += 1
+        v = 1 << size
+        w = math.isqrt(v)
+        self.assertEqual(w.bit_length(), size // 2 + 1)
+        self.assertEqual(w.bit_count(), 1)
+
     def test_lcm(self):
         lcm = math.lcm
         self.assertEqual(lcm(0, 0), 0)
@@ -1261,6 +1275,13 @@ def testLog10(self):
         self.assertEqual(math.log(INF), INF)
         self.assertTrue(math.isnan(math.log10(NAN)))
 
+    @support.bigmemtest(2**32, memuse=0.2)
+    def test_log_huge_integer(self, size):
+        v = 1 << size
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(math.log2(v), size)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(math.log(v), size * 0.6931471805599453)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(math.log10(v), size * 0.3010299956639812)
+
     def testSumProd(self):
         sumprod = math.sumprod
         Decimal = decimal.Decimal
@@ -1397,7 +1418,7 @@ def __repr__(self):
                 return f'Flt({int(self)})'
 
         def baseline_sumprod(p, q):
-            """This defines the target behavior including expections and special values.
+            """This defines the target behavior including exceptions and special values.
             However, it is subject to rounding errors, so float inputs should be exactly
             representable with only a few bits.
             """
@@ -1881,7 +1902,7 @@ def testTan(self):
         try:
             self.assertTrue(math.isnan(math.tan(INF)))
             self.assertTrue(math.isnan(math.tan(NINF)))
-        except:
+        except ValueError:
             self.assertRaises(ValueError, math.tan, INF)
             self.assertRaises(ValueError, math.tan, NINF)
         self.assertTrue(math.isnan(math.tan(NAN)))
@@ -2051,6 +2072,13 @@ def test_testfile(self):
             except OverflowError:
                 result = 'OverflowError'
 
+            # C99+ says for math.h's sqrt: If the argument is +∞ or ±0, it is
+            # returned, unmodified.  On another hand, for csqrt: If z is ±0+0i,
+            # the result is +0+0i.  Lets correct zero sign of er to follow
+            # first convention.
+            if id in ['sqrt0002', 'sqrt0003', 'sqrt1001', 'sqrt1023']:
+                er = math.copysign(er, ar)
+
             # Default tolerances
             ulp_tol, abs_tol = 5, 0.0
 
@@ -2694,7 +2722,7 @@ def test_fma_infinities(self):
     # gh-73468: On some platforms, libc fma() doesn't implement IEE 754-2008
     # properly: it doesn't use the right sign when the result is zero.
     @unittest.skipIf(
-        sys.platform.startswith(("freebsd", "wasi"))
+        sys.platform.startswith(("freebsd", "wasi", "netbsd"))
         or (sys.platform == "android" and platform.machine() == "x86_64"),
         f"this platform doesn't implement IEE 754-2008 properly")
     def test_fma_zero_result(self):
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_memoryview.py b/Lib/test/test_memoryview.py
index 0eb2a367603cfc..2d4bf5f1408df8 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_memoryview.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_memoryview.py
@@ -18,6 +18,10 @@
 from test.support import import_helper
 
 
+class MyObject:
+    pass
+
+
 class AbstractMemoryTests:
     source_bytes = b"abcdef"
 
@@ -228,8 +232,6 @@ def __init__(self, base):
                     self.m = memoryview(base)
             class MySource(tp):
                 pass
-            class MyObject:
-                pass
 
             # Create a reference cycle through a memoryview object.
             # This exercises mbuf_clear().
@@ -656,5 +658,26 @@ def __bool__(self):
             m[0] = MyBool()
         self.assertEqual(ba[:8], b'\0'*8)
 
+    def test_buffer_reference_loop(self):
+        m = memoryview(b'abc').__buffer__(0)
+        o = MyObject()
+        o.m = m
+        o.o = o
+        wr = weakref.ref(o)
+        del m, o
+        gc.collect()
+        self.assertIsNone(wr())
+
+    def test_picklebuffer_reference_loop(self):
+        pb = pickle.PickleBuffer(memoryview(b'abc'))
+        o = MyObject()
+        o.pb = pb
+        o.o = o
+        wr = weakref.ref(o)
+        del pb, o
+        gc.collect()
+        self.assertIsNone(wr())
+
+
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_mmap.py b/Lib/test/test_mmap.py
index a1cf5384ada5b5..b2a299ed172967 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_mmap.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_mmap.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 from test.support import (
     requires, _2G, _4G, gc_collect, cpython_only, is_emscripten, is_apple,
+    in_systemd_nspawn_sync_suppressed,
 )
 from test.support.import_helper import import_module
 from test.support.os_helper import TESTFN, unlink
@@ -839,7 +840,8 @@ def test_flush_return_value(self):
         mm.write(b'python')
         result = mm.flush()
         self.assertIsNone(result)
-        if sys.platform.startswith(('linux', 'android')):
+        if (sys.platform.startswith(('linux', 'android'))
+            and not in_systemd_nspawn_sync_suppressed()):
             # 'offset' must be a multiple of mmap.PAGESIZE on Linux.
             # See bpo-34754 for details.
             self.assertRaises(OSError, mm.flush, 1, len(b'python'))
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_module/__init__.py b/Lib/test/test_module/__init__.py
index 952ba43f72504d..22132b01c8a056 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_module/__init__.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_module/__init__.py
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 import weakref
 from test.support import gc_collect
 from test.support import import_helper
-from test.support import suppress_immortalization
 from test.support.script_helper import assert_python_ok
 
 import sys
@@ -104,7 +103,6 @@ def f():
         gc_collect()
         self.assertEqual(f().__dict__["bar"], 4)
 
-    @suppress_immortalization()
     def test_clear_dict_in_ref_cycle(self):
         destroyed = []
         m = ModuleType("foo")
@@ -120,7 +118,6 @@ def __del__(self):
         gc_collect()
         self.assertEqual(destroyed, [1])
 
-    @suppress_immortalization()
     def test_weakref(self):
         m = ModuleType("foo")
         wr = weakref.ref(m)
@@ -360,6 +357,8 @@ def test_annotations_are_created_correctly(self):
         ann_module4 = import_helper.import_fresh_module(
             'test.typinganndata.ann_module4',
         )
+        self.assertFalse("__annotations__" in ann_module4.__dict__)
+        self.assertEqual(ann_module4.__annotations__, {"a": int, "b": str})
         self.assertTrue("__annotations__" in ann_module4.__dict__)
         del ann_module4.__annotations__
         self.assertFalse("__annotations__" in ann_module4.__dict__)
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_monitoring.py b/Lib/test/test_monitoring.py
index b7c6abed1016dc..1b06816214e7d6 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_monitoring.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_monitoring.py
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 import textwrap
 import types
 import unittest
-import asyncio
 
 import test.support
 from test.support import requires_specialization, script_helper
@@ -47,10 +46,14 @@ def nth_line(func, offset):
 
 class MonitoringBasicTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
+    def tearDown(self):
+        sys.monitoring.free_tool_id(TEST_TOOL)
+
     def test_has_objects(self):
         m = sys.monitoring
         m.events
         m.use_tool_id
+        m.clear_tool_id
         m.free_tool_id
         m.get_tool
         m.get_events
@@ -78,6 +81,43 @@ def test_tool(self):
         with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
             sys.monitoring.set_events(TEST_TOOL, sys.monitoring.events.CALL)
 
+    def test_clear(self):
+        events = []
+        sys.monitoring.use_tool_id(TEST_TOOL, "MonitoringTest.Tool")
+        sys.monitoring.register_callback(TEST_TOOL, E.PY_START, lambda *args: events.append(args))
+        sys.monitoring.register_callback(TEST_TOOL, E.LINE, lambda *args: events.append(args))
+        def f():
+            a = 1
+        sys.monitoring.set_local_events(TEST_TOOL, f.__code__, E.LINE)
+        sys.monitoring.set_events(TEST_TOOL, E.PY_START)
+
+        f()
+        sys.monitoring.clear_tool_id(TEST_TOOL)
+        f()
+
+        # the first f() should trigger a PY_START and a LINE event
+        # the second f() after clear_tool_id should not trigger any event
+        # the callback function should be cleared as well
+        self.assertEqual(len(events), 2)
+        callback = sys.monitoring.register_callback(TEST_TOOL, E.LINE, None)
+        self.assertIs(callback, None)
+
+        sys.monitoring.free_tool_id(TEST_TOOL)
+
+        events = []
+        sys.monitoring.use_tool_id(TEST_TOOL, "MonitoringTest.Tool")
+        sys.monitoring.register_callback(TEST_TOOL, E.LINE, lambda *args: events.append(args))
+        sys.monitoring.set_local_events(TEST_TOOL, f.__code__, E.LINE)
+        f()
+        sys.monitoring.free_tool_id(TEST_TOOL)
+        sys.monitoring.use_tool_id(TEST_TOOL, "MonitoringTest.Tool")
+        f()
+        # the first f() should trigger a LINE event, and even if we use the
+        # tool id immediately after freeing it, the second f() should not
+        # trigger any event
+        self.assertEqual(len(events), 1)
+        sys.monitoring.free_tool_id(TEST_TOOL)
+
 
 class MonitoringTestBase:
 
@@ -745,8 +785,6 @@ def get_events(self, func, tool, recorders):
 
     def check_events(self, func, expected, tool=TEST_TOOL, recorders=(ExceptionRecorder,)):
         events = self.get_events(func, tool, recorders)
-        if events != expected:
-            print(events, file = sys.stderr)
         self.assertEqual(events, expected)
 
     def check_balanced(self, func, recorders):
@@ -833,20 +871,43 @@ def func1():
 
         self.check_events(func1, [("raise", KeyError)])
 
-    # gh-116090: This test doesn't really require specialization, but running
-    # it without specialization exposes a monitoring bug.
-    @requires_specialization
     def test_implicit_stop_iteration(self):
+        """Generators are documented as raising a StopIteration
+           when they terminate.
+           However, we don't do that if we can avoid it, for speed.
+           sys.monitoring handles that by injecting a STOP_ITERATION
+           event when we would otherwise have skip the RAISE event.
+           This test checks that both paths record an equivalent event.
+           """
 
         def gen():
             yield 1
             return 2
 
-        def implicit_stop_iteration():
-            for _ in gen():
+        def implicit_stop_iteration(iterator=None):
+            if iterator is None:
+                iterator = gen()
+            for _ in iterator:
                 pass
 
-        self.check_events(implicit_stop_iteration, [("raise", StopIteration)], recorders=(StopiterationRecorder,))
+        recorders=(ExceptionRecorder, StopiterationRecorder,)
+        expected = [("raise", StopIteration)]
+
+        # Make sure that the loop is unspecialized, and that it will not
+        # re-specialize immediately, so that we can we can test the
+        # unspecialized version of the loop first.
+        # Note: this assumes that we don't specialize loops over sets.
+        implicit_stop_iteration(set(range(100)))
+
+        # This will record a RAISE event for the StopIteration.
+        self.check_events(implicit_stop_iteration, expected, recorders=recorders)
+
+        # Now specialize, so that we see a STOP_ITERATION event.
+        for _ in range(100):
+            implicit_stop_iteration()
+
+        # This will record a STOP_ITERATION event for the StopIteration.
+        self.check_events(implicit_stop_iteration, expected, recorders=recorders)
 
     initial = [
         ("raise", ZeroDivisionError),
@@ -1424,9 +1485,27 @@ class BranchRecorder(JumpRecorder):
 
 
 
+class JumpOffsetRecorder:
+
+    event_type = E.JUMP
+    name = "jump"
+
+    def __init__(self, events, offsets=False):
+        self.events = events
+
+    def __call__(self, code, from_, to):
+        self.events.append((self.name, code.co_name, from_, to))
+
+class BranchOffsetRecorder(JumpOffsetRecorder):
+
+    event_type = E.BRANCH
+    name = "branch"
+
+
 JUMP_AND_BRANCH_RECORDERS = JumpRecorder, BranchRecorder
 JUMP_BRANCH_AND_LINE_RECORDERS = JumpRecorder, BranchRecorder, LineRecorder
 FLOW_AND_LINE_RECORDERS = JumpRecorder, BranchRecorder, LineRecorder, ExceptionRecorder, ReturnRecorder
+BRANCH_OFFSET_RECORDERS = BranchOffsetRecorder,
 
 class TestBranchAndJumpEvents(CheckEvents):
     maxDiff = None
@@ -1516,6 +1595,24 @@ def func():
             ('return', 'func', None),
             ('line', 'get_events', 11)])
 
+    def test_while_offset_consistency(self):
+
+        def foo(n=0):
+            while n<4:
+                pass
+                n += 1
+            return None
+
+        in_loop = ('branch', 'foo', 10, 14)
+        exit_loop = ('branch', 'foo', 10, 30)
+        self.check_events(foo, recorders = BRANCH_OFFSET_RECORDERS, expected = [
+            in_loop,
+            in_loop,
+            in_loop,
+            in_loop,
+            exit_loop])
+
+
 class TestLoadSuperAttr(CheckEvents):
     RECORDERS = CallRecorder, LineRecorder, CRaiseRecorder, CReturnRecorder
 
@@ -1576,7 +1673,7 @@ def f():
             ('line', 'method', 2),
             ('line', 'method', 3),
             ('line', 'method', 2),
-            ('call', 'method', 1),
+            ('call', 'method', d["b"]),
             ('line', 'method', 1),
             ('line', 'method', 1),
             ('line', 'get_events', 11),
@@ -1841,6 +1938,21 @@ def f(a=1, b=2):
         self.assertEqual(call_data[0], (f, 1))
         self.assertEqual(call_data[1], (f, sys.monitoring.MISSING))
 
+    def test_instruction_explicit_callback(self):
+        # gh-122247
+        # Calling the instruction event callback explicitly should not
+        # crash CPython
+        def callback(code, instruction_offset):
+            pass
+
+        sys.monitoring.use_tool_id(0, "test")
+        self.addCleanup(sys.monitoring.free_tool_id, 0)
+        sys.monitoring.register_callback(0, sys.monitoring.events.INSTRUCTION, callback)
+        sys.monitoring.set_events(0, sys.monitoring.events.INSTRUCTION)
+        callback(None, 0)  # call the *same* handler while it is registered
+        sys.monitoring.restart_events()
+        sys.monitoring.set_events(0, 0)
+
 
 class TestOptimizer(MonitoringTestBase, unittest.TestCase):
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_msvcrt.py b/Lib/test/test_msvcrt.py
index 600c4446fd5cd4..1c6905bd1ee586 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_msvcrt.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_msvcrt.py
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ class TestConsoleIO(unittest.TestCase):
     # CREATE_NEW_CONSOLE creates a "popup" window.
     @requires_resource('gui')
     def run_in_separated_process(self, code):
-        # Run test in a seprated process to avoid stdin conflicts.
+        # Run test in a separated process to avoid stdin conflicts.
         # See: gh-110147
         cmd = [sys.executable, '-c', code]
         subprocess.run(cmd, check=True, capture_output=True,
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_multiprocessing_fork/__init__.py b/Lib/test/test_multiprocessing_fork/__init__.py
index aa1fff50b28f5f..b35e82879d7fe2 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_multiprocessing_fork/__init__.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_multiprocessing_fork/__init__.py
@@ -12,5 +12,8 @@
 if sys.platform == 'darwin':
     raise unittest.SkipTest("test may crash on macOS (bpo-33725)")
 
+if support.check_sanitizer(thread=True):
+    raise unittest.SkipTest("TSAN doesn't support threads after fork")
+
 def load_tests(*args):
     return support.load_package_tests(os.path.dirname(__file__), *args)
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_opcache.py b/Lib/test/test_opcache.py
index 92a34113bc0383..cdcddb0d717f23 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_opcache.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_opcache.py
@@ -28,6 +28,13 @@ def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
     return wrapper
 
 
+class TestBase(unittest.TestCase):
+    def assert_specialized(self, f, opname):
+        instructions = dis.get_instructions(f, adaptive=True)
+        opnames = {instruction.opname for instruction in instructions}
+        self.assertIn(opname, opnames)
+
+
 class TestLoadSuperAttrCache(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_descriptor_not_double_executed_on_spec_fail(self):
         calls = []
@@ -479,7 +486,7 @@ def f():
             self.assertFalse(f())
 
 
-class TestCallCache(unittest.TestCase):
+class TestCallCache(TestBase):
     def test_too_many_defaults_0(self):
         def f():
             pass
@@ -507,10 +514,33 @@ def f(x, y):
             f(None)
             f()
 
+    @disabling_optimizer
+    @requires_specialization
+    def test_assign_init_code(self):
+        class MyClass:
+            def __init__(self):
+                pass
+
+        def instantiate():
+            return MyClass()
+
+        # Trigger specialization
+        for _ in range(1025):
+            instantiate()
+        self.assert_specialized(instantiate, "CALL_ALLOC_AND_ENTER_INIT")
+
+        def count_args(self, *args):
+            self.num_args = len(args)
+
+        # Set MyClass.__init__.__code__ to a code object that uses different
+        # args
+        MyClass.__init__.__code__ = count_args.__code__
+        instantiate()
+
 
 @threading_helper.requires_working_threading()
 @requires_specialization
-class TestRacesDoNotCrash(unittest.TestCase):
+class TestRacesDoNotCrash(TestBase):
     # Careful with these. Bigger numbers have a higher chance of catching bugs,
     # but you can also burn through a *ton* of type/dict/function versions:
     ITEMS = 1000
@@ -518,11 +548,6 @@ class TestRacesDoNotCrash(unittest.TestCase):
     WARMUPS = 2
     WRITERS = 2
 
-    def assert_specialized(self, f, opname):
-        instructions = dis.get_instructions(f, adaptive=True)
-        opnames = {instruction.opname for instruction in instructions}
-        self.assertIn(opname, opnames)
-
     @disabling_optimizer
     def assert_races_do_not_crash(
         self, opname, get_items, read, write, *, check_items=False
@@ -1130,6 +1155,50 @@ class D(dict): pass
             {'a':1, 'b':2}
         )
 
+    def test_125868(self):
+
+        def make_special_dict():
+            """Create a dictionary an object with a this table:
+            index | key | value
+            ----- | --- | -----
+              0   | 'b' | 'value'
+              1   | 'b' | NULL
+            """
+            class A:
+                pass
+            a = A()
+            a.a = 1
+            a.b = 2
+            d = a.__dict__.copy()
+            del d['a']
+            del d['b']
+            d['b'] = "value"
+            return d
+
+        class NoInlineAorB:
+            pass
+        for i in range(ord('c'), ord('z')):
+            setattr(NoInlineAorB(), chr(i), i)
+
+        c = NoInlineAorB()
+        c.a = 0
+        c.b = 1
+        self.assertFalse(_testinternalcapi.has_inline_values(c))
+
+        def f(o, n):
+            for i in range(n):
+                o.b = i
+        # Prime f to store to dict slot 1
+        f(c, 100)
+
+        test_obj = NoInlineAorB()
+        test_obj.__dict__ = make_special_dict()
+        self.assertEqual(test_obj.b, "value")
+
+        #This should set x.b = 0
+        f(test_obj, 1)
+        self.assertEqual(test_obj.b, 0)
+
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_opcodes.py b/Lib/test/test_opcodes.py
index 72488b2bb6b4ff..f7cc8331b8d844 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_opcodes.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_opcodes.py
@@ -39,16 +39,19 @@ class C: pass
     def test_use_existing_annotations(self):
         ns = {'__annotations__': {1: 2}}
         exec('x: int', ns)
-        self.assertEqual(ns['__annotations__'], {'x': int, 1: 2})
+        self.assertEqual(ns['__annotations__'], {1: 2})
 
     def test_do_not_recreate_annotations(self):
         # Don't rely on the existence of the '__annotations__' global.
         with support.swap_item(globals(), '__annotations__', {}):
-            del globals()['__annotations__']
+            globals().pop('__annotations__', None)
             class C:
-                del __annotations__
-                with self.assertRaises(NameError):
-                    x: int
+                try:
+                    del __annotations__
+                except NameError:
+                    pass
+                x: int
+            self.assertEqual(C.__annotations__, {"x": int})
 
     def test_raise_class_exceptions(self):
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_operator.py b/Lib/test/test_operator.py
index f8eac8dc002636..812d46482e238a 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_operator.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_operator.py
@@ -347,6 +347,26 @@ def test_is_not(self):
         self.assertFalse(operator.is_not(a, b))
         self.assertTrue(operator.is_not(a,c))
 
+    def test_is_none(self):
+        operator = self.module
+        a = 'xyzpdq'
+        b = ''
+        c = None
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.is_none)
+        self.assertFalse(operator.is_none(a))
+        self.assertFalse(operator.is_none(b))
+        self.assertTrue(operator.is_none(c))
+
+    def test_is_not_none(self):
+        operator = self.module
+        a = 'xyzpdq'
+        b = ''
+        c = None
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.is_not_none)
+        self.assertTrue(operator.is_not_none(a))
+        self.assertTrue(operator.is_not_none(b))
+        self.assertFalse(operator.is_not_none(c))
+
     def test_attrgetter(self):
         operator = self.module
         class A:
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_ordered_dict.py b/Lib/test/test_ordered_dict.py
index 06a0e81227188c..9f131a9110dccb 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_ordered_dict.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_ordered_dict.py
@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@
 import contextlib
 import copy
 import gc
+import operator
 import pickle
+import re
 from random import randrange, shuffle
 import struct
 import sys
@@ -10,7 +12,7 @@
 import weakref
 from collections.abc import MutableMapping
 from test import mapping_tests, support
-from test.support import import_helper, suppress_immortalization
+from test.support import import_helper
 
 
 py_coll = import_helper.import_fresh_module('collections',
@@ -667,7 +669,6 @@ def test_dict_update(self):
         dict.update(od, [('spam', 1)])
         self.assertNotIn('NULL', repr(od))
 
-    @suppress_immortalization()
     def test_reference_loop(self):
         # Issue 25935
         OrderedDict = self.OrderedDict
@@ -740,11 +741,44 @@ def test_ordered_dict_items_result_gc(self):
         # when it's mutated and returned from __next__:
         self.assertTrue(gc.is_tracked(next(it)))
 
+
+class _TriggerSideEffectOnEqual:
+    count = 0   # number of calls to __eq__
+    trigger = 1 # count value when to trigger side effect
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        if self.__class__.count == self.__class__.trigger:
+            self.side_effect()
+        self.__class__.count += 1
+        return True
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        # all instances represent the same key
+        return -1
+
+    def side_effect(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
 class PurePythonOrderedDictTests(OrderedDictTests, unittest.TestCase):
 
     module = py_coll
     OrderedDict = py_coll.OrderedDict
 
+    def test_issue119004_attribute_error(self):
+        class Key(_TriggerSideEffectOnEqual):
+            def side_effect(self):
+                del dict1[TODEL]
+
+        TODEL = Key()
+        dict1 = self.OrderedDict(dict.fromkeys((0, TODEL, 4.2)))
+        dict2 = self.OrderedDict(dict.fromkeys((0, Key(), 4.2)))
+        # This causes an AttributeError due to the linked list being changed
+        msg = re.escape("'NoneType' object has no attribute 'key'")
+        self.assertRaisesRegex(AttributeError, msg, operator.eq, dict1, dict2)
+        self.assertEqual(Key.count, 2)
+        self.assertDictEqual(dict1, dict.fromkeys((0, 4.2)))
+        self.assertDictEqual(dict2, dict.fromkeys((0, Key(), 4.2)))
+
 
 class CPythonBuiltinDictTests(unittest.TestCase):
     """Builtin dict preserves insertion order.
@@ -765,8 +799,85 @@ class CPythonBuiltinDictTests(unittest.TestCase):
 del method
 
 
+class CPythonOrderedDictSideEffects:
+
+    def check_runtime_error_issue119004(self, dict1, dict2):
+        msg = re.escape("OrderedDict mutated during iteration")
+        self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, msg, operator.eq, dict1, dict2)
+
+    def test_issue119004_change_size_by_clear(self):
+        class Key(_TriggerSideEffectOnEqual):
+            def side_effect(self):
+                dict1.clear()
+
+        dict1 = self.OrderedDict(dict.fromkeys((0, Key(), 4.2)))
+        dict2 = self.OrderedDict(dict.fromkeys((0, Key(), 4.2)))
+        self.check_runtime_error_issue119004(dict1, dict2)
+        self.assertEqual(Key.count, 2)
+        self.assertDictEqual(dict1, {})
+        self.assertDictEqual(dict2, dict.fromkeys((0, Key(), 4.2)))
+
+    def test_issue119004_change_size_by_delete_key(self):
+        class Key(_TriggerSideEffectOnEqual):
+            def side_effect(self):
+                del dict1[TODEL]
+
+        TODEL = Key()
+        dict1 = self.OrderedDict(dict.fromkeys((0, TODEL, 4.2)))
+        dict2 = self.OrderedDict(dict.fromkeys((0, Key(), 4.2)))
+        self.check_runtime_error_issue119004(dict1, dict2)
+        self.assertEqual(Key.count, 2)
+        self.assertDictEqual(dict1, dict.fromkeys((0, 4.2)))
+        self.assertDictEqual(dict2, dict.fromkeys((0, Key(), 4.2)))
+
+    def test_issue119004_change_linked_list_by_clear(self):
+        class Key(_TriggerSideEffectOnEqual):
+            def side_effect(self):
+                dict1.clear()
+                dict1['a'] = dict1['b'] = 'c'
+
+        dict1 = self.OrderedDict(dict.fromkeys((0, Key(), 4.2)))
+        dict2 = self.OrderedDict(dict.fromkeys((0, Key(), 4.2)))
+        self.check_runtime_error_issue119004(dict1, dict2)
+        self.assertEqual(Key.count, 2)
+        self.assertDictEqual(dict1, dict.fromkeys(('a', 'b'), 'c'))
+        self.assertDictEqual(dict2, dict.fromkeys((0, Key(), 4.2)))
+
+    def test_issue119004_change_linked_list_by_delete_key(self):
+        class Key(_TriggerSideEffectOnEqual):
+            def side_effect(self):
+                del dict1[TODEL]
+                dict1['a'] = 'c'
+
+        TODEL = Key()
+        dict1 = self.OrderedDict(dict.fromkeys((0, TODEL, 4.2)))
+        dict2 = self.OrderedDict(dict.fromkeys((0, Key(), 4.2)))
+        self.check_runtime_error_issue119004(dict1, dict2)
+        self.assertEqual(Key.count, 2)
+        self.assertDictEqual(dict1, {0: None, 'a': 'c', 4.2: None})
+        self.assertDictEqual(dict2, dict.fromkeys((0, Key(), 4.2)))
+
+    def test_issue119004_change_size_by_delete_key_in_dict_eq(self):
+        class Key(_TriggerSideEffectOnEqual):
+            trigger = 0
+            def side_effect(self):
+                del dict1[TODEL]
+
+        TODEL = Key()
+        dict1 = self.OrderedDict(dict.fromkeys((0, TODEL, 4.2)))
+        dict2 = self.OrderedDict(dict.fromkeys((0, Key(), 4.2)))
+        self.assertEqual(Key.count, 0)
+        # the side effect is in dict.__eq__ and modifies the length
+        self.assertNotEqual(dict1, dict2)
+        self.assertEqual(Key.count, 2)
+        self.assertDictEqual(dict1, dict.fromkeys((0, 4.2)))
+        self.assertDictEqual(dict2, dict.fromkeys((0, Key(), 4.2)))
+
+
 @unittest.skipUnless(c_coll, 'requires the C version of the collections module')
-class CPythonOrderedDictTests(OrderedDictTests, unittest.TestCase):
+class CPythonOrderedDictTests(OrderedDictTests,
+                              CPythonOrderedDictSideEffects,
+                              unittest.TestCase):
 
     module = c_coll
     OrderedDict = c_coll.OrderedDict
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_os.py b/Lib/test/test_os.py
index 2beb9ca8aa6ccb..307f0f11ddc33f 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_os.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_os.py
@@ -828,7 +828,7 @@ def ns_to_sec(ns):
         return (ns * 1e-9) + 0.5e-9
 
     def test_utime_by_indexed(self):
-        # pass times as floating point seconds as the second indexed parameter
+        # pass times as floating-point seconds as the second indexed parameter
         def set_time(filename, ns):
             atime_ns, mtime_ns = ns
             atime = self.ns_to_sec(atime_ns)
@@ -1298,6 +1298,52 @@ def test_ror_operator(self):
         self._test_underlying_process_env('_A_', '')
         self._test_underlying_process_env(overridden_key, original_value)
 
+    def test_refresh(self):
+        # Test os.environ.refresh()
+        has_environb = hasattr(os, 'environb')
+
+        # Test with putenv() which doesn't update os.environ
+        os.environ['test_env'] = 'python_value'
+        os.putenv("test_env", "new_value")
+        self.assertEqual(os.environ['test_env'], 'python_value')
+        if has_environb:
+            self.assertEqual(os.environb[b'test_env'], b'python_value')
+
+        os.environ.refresh()
+        self.assertEqual(os.environ['test_env'], 'new_value')
+        if has_environb:
+            self.assertEqual(os.environb[b'test_env'], b'new_value')
+
+        # Test with unsetenv() which doesn't update os.environ
+        os.unsetenv('test_env')
+        self.assertEqual(os.environ['test_env'], 'new_value')
+        if has_environb:
+            self.assertEqual(os.environb[b'test_env'], b'new_value')
+
+        os.environ.refresh()
+        self.assertNotIn('test_env', os.environ)
+        if has_environb:
+            self.assertNotIn(b'test_env', os.environb)
+
+        if has_environb:
+            # test os.environb.refresh() with putenv()
+            os.environb[b'test_env'] = b'python_value2'
+            os.putenv("test_env", "new_value2")
+            self.assertEqual(os.environb[b'test_env'], b'python_value2')
+            self.assertEqual(os.environ['test_env'], 'python_value2')
+
+            os.environb.refresh()
+            self.assertEqual(os.environb[b'test_env'], b'new_value2')
+            self.assertEqual(os.environ['test_env'], 'new_value2')
+
+            # test os.environb.refresh() with unsetenv()
+            os.unsetenv('test_env')
+            self.assertEqual(os.environb[b'test_env'], b'new_value2')
+            self.assertEqual(os.environ['test_env'], 'new_value2')
+
+            os.environb.refresh()
+            self.assertNotIn(b'test_env', os.environb)
+            self.assertNotIn('test_env', os.environ)
 
 class WalkTests(unittest.TestCase):
     """Tests for os.walk()."""
@@ -2305,9 +2351,13 @@ def test_chmod(self):
 
 @unittest.skipIf(support.is_wasi, "Cannot create invalid FD on WASI.")
 class TestInvalidFD(unittest.TestCase):
-    singles = ["fchdir", "dup", "fdatasync", "fstat",
-               "fstatvfs", "fsync", "tcgetpgrp", "ttyname"]
-    singles_fildes = {"fchdir", "fdatasync", "fsync"}
+    singles = ["fchdir", "dup", "fstat", "fstatvfs", "tcgetpgrp", "ttyname"]
+    singles_fildes = {"fchdir"}
+    # systemd-nspawn --suppress-sync=true does not verify fd passed
+    # fdatasync() and fsync(), and always returns success
+    if not support.in_systemd_nspawn_sync_suppressed():
+        singles += ["fdatasync", "fsync"]
+        singles_fildes |= {"fdatasync", "fsync"}
     #singles.append("close")
     #We omit close because it doesn't raise an exception on some platforms
     def get_single(f):
@@ -3127,7 +3177,8 @@ class Win32NtTests(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_getfinalpathname_handles(self):
         nt = import_helper.import_module('nt')
         ctypes = import_helper.import_module('ctypes')
-        import ctypes.wintypes
+        # Ruff false positive -- it thinks we're redefining `ctypes` here
+        import ctypes.wintypes  # noqa: F811
 
         kernel = ctypes.WinDLL('Kernel32.dll', use_last_error=True)
         kernel.GetCurrentProcess.restype = ctypes.wintypes.HANDLE
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_pathlib/test_pathlib.py b/Lib/test/test_pathlib/test_pathlib.py
index 3df354eb25a58c..c7104bfda90f6c 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_pathlib/test_pathlib.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_pathlib/test_pathlib.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import contextlib
 import io
 import os
 import sys
@@ -16,21 +17,44 @@
 from test.support import import_helper
 from test.support import is_emscripten, is_wasi
 from test.support import infinite_recursion
+from test.support import swap_attr
 from test.support import os_helper
 from test.support.os_helper import TESTFN, FakePath
 from test.test_pathlib import test_pathlib_abc
 from test.test_pathlib.test_pathlib_abc import needs_posix, needs_windows, needs_symlinks
 
+try:
+    import fcntl
+except ImportError:
+    fcntl = None
 try:
     import grp, pwd
 except ImportError:
     grp = pwd = None
+try:
+    import posix
+except ImportError:
+    posix = None
 
 
 root_in_posix = False
 if hasattr(os, 'geteuid'):
     root_in_posix = (os.geteuid() == 0)
 
+
+def patch_replace(old_test):
+    def new_replace(self, target):
+        raise OSError(errno.EXDEV, "Cross-device link", self, target)
+
+    def new_test(self):
+        old_replace = self.cls.replace
+        self.cls.replace = new_replace
+        try:
+            old_test(self)
+        finally:
+            self.cls.replace = old_replace
+    return new_test
+
 #
 # Tests for the pure classes.
 #
@@ -107,6 +131,15 @@ def test_constructor_nested(self):
         self.assertEqual(P(P('a'), P('b'), P('c')), P(FakePath("a/b/c")))
         self.assertEqual(P(P('./a:b')), P('./a:b'))
 
+    @needs_windows
+    def test_constructor_nested_foreign_flavour(self):
+        # See GH-125069.
+        p1 = pathlib.PurePosixPath('b/c:\\d')
+        p2 = pathlib.PurePosixPath('b/', 'c:\\d')
+        self.assertEqual(p1, p2)
+        self.assertEqual(self.cls(p1), self.cls('b/c:/d'))
+        self.assertEqual(self.cls(p2), self.cls('b/c:/d'))
+
     def _check_parse_path(self, raw_path, *expected):
         sep = self.parser.sep
         actual = self.cls._parse_path(raw_path.replace('/', sep))
@@ -139,15 +172,6 @@ def test_empty_path(self):
         # Special case for the empty path.
         self._check_str('.', ('',))
 
-    def test_parts_interning(self):
-        P = self.cls
-        p = P('/usr/bin/foo')
-        q = P('/usr/local/bin')
-        # 'usr'
-        self.assertIs(p.parts[1], q.parts[1])
-        # 'bin'
-        self.assertIs(p.parts[2], q.parts[3])
-
     def test_join_nested(self):
         P = self.cls
         p = P('a/b').joinpath(P('c'))
@@ -653,6 +677,190 @@ def test_open_unbuffered(self):
             self.assertIsInstance(f, io.RawIOBase)
             self.assertEqual(f.read().strip(), b"this is file A")
 
+    def test_copy_file_preserve_metadata(self):
+        base = self.cls(self.base)
+        source = base / 'fileA'
+        if hasattr(os, 'chmod'):
+            os.chmod(source, stat.S_IRWXU | stat.S_IRWXO)
+        if hasattr(os, 'chflags') and hasattr(stat, 'UF_NODUMP'):
+            os.chflags(source, stat.UF_NODUMP)
+        source_st = source.stat()
+        target = base / 'copyA'
+        source.copy(target, preserve_metadata=True)
+        self.assertTrue(target.exists())
+        self.assertEqual(source.read_text(), target.read_text())
+        target_st = target.stat()
+        self.assertLessEqual(source_st.st_atime, target_st.st_atime)
+        self.assertLessEqual(source_st.st_mtime, target_st.st_mtime)
+        self.assertEqual(source_st.st_mode, target_st.st_mode)
+        if hasattr(source_st, 'st_flags'):
+            self.assertEqual(source_st.st_flags, target_st.st_flags)
+
+    @os_helper.skip_unless_xattr
+    def test_copy_file_preserve_metadata_xattrs(self):
+        base = self.cls(self.base)
+        source = base / 'fileA'
+        os.setxattr(source, b'user.foo', b'42')
+        target = base / 'copyA'
+        source.copy(target, preserve_metadata=True)
+        self.assertEqual(os.getxattr(target, b'user.foo'), b'42')
+
+    @needs_symlinks
+    def test_copy_link_preserve_metadata(self):
+        base = self.cls(self.base)
+        source = base / 'linkA'
+        if hasattr(os, 'lchmod'):
+            os.lchmod(source, stat.S_IRWXU | stat.S_IRWXO)
+        if hasattr(os, 'lchflags') and hasattr(stat, 'UF_NODUMP'):
+            os.lchflags(source, stat.UF_NODUMP)
+        source_st = source.lstat()
+        target = base / 'copyA'
+        source.copy(target, follow_symlinks=False, preserve_metadata=True)
+        self.assertTrue(target.exists())
+        self.assertTrue(target.is_symlink())
+        self.assertEqual(source.readlink(), target.readlink())
+        target_st = target.lstat()
+        self.assertLessEqual(source_st.st_atime, target_st.st_atime)
+        self.assertLessEqual(source_st.st_mtime, target_st.st_mtime)
+        self.assertEqual(source_st.st_mode, target_st.st_mode)
+        if hasattr(source_st, 'st_flags'):
+            self.assertEqual(source_st.st_flags, target_st.st_flags)
+
+    def test_copy_error_handling(self):
+        def make_raiser(err):
+            def raiser(*args, **kwargs):
+                raise OSError(err, os.strerror(err))
+            return raiser
+
+        base = self.cls(self.base)
+        source = base / 'fileA'
+        target = base / 'copyA'
+
+        # Raise non-fatal OSError from all available fast copy functions.
+        with contextlib.ExitStack() as ctx:
+            if fcntl and hasattr(fcntl, 'FICLONE'):
+                ctx.enter_context(mock.patch('fcntl.ioctl', make_raiser(errno.EXDEV)))
+            if posix and hasattr(posix, '_fcopyfile'):
+                ctx.enter_context(mock.patch('posix._fcopyfile', make_raiser(errno.ENOTSUP)))
+            if hasattr(os, 'copy_file_range'):
+                ctx.enter_context(mock.patch('os.copy_file_range', make_raiser(errno.EXDEV)))
+            if hasattr(os, 'sendfile'):
+                ctx.enter_context(mock.patch('os.sendfile', make_raiser(errno.ENOTSOCK)))
+
+            source.copy(target)
+            self.assertTrue(target.exists())
+            self.assertEqual(source.read_text(), target.read_text())
+
+        # Raise fatal OSError from first available fast copy function.
+        if fcntl and hasattr(fcntl, 'FICLONE'):
+            patchpoint = 'fcntl.ioctl'
+        elif posix and hasattr(posix, '_fcopyfile'):
+            patchpoint = 'posix._fcopyfile'
+        elif hasattr(os, 'copy_file_range'):
+            patchpoint = 'os.copy_file_range'
+        elif hasattr(os, 'sendfile'):
+            patchpoint = 'os.sendfile'
+        else:
+            return
+        with mock.patch(patchpoint, make_raiser(errno.ENOENT)):
+            self.assertRaises(FileNotFoundError, source.copy, target)
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(sys.platform == "win32" or sys.platform == "wasi", "directories are always readable on Windows and WASI")
+    @unittest.skipIf(root_in_posix, "test fails with root privilege")
+    def test_copy_dir_no_read_permission(self):
+        base = self.cls(self.base)
+        source = base / 'dirE'
+        target = base / 'copyE'
+        self.assertRaises(PermissionError, source.copy, target)
+        self.assertFalse(target.exists())
+
+    def test_copy_dir_preserve_metadata(self):
+        base = self.cls(self.base)
+        source = base / 'dirC'
+        if hasattr(os, 'chmod'):
+            os.chmod(source / 'dirD', stat.S_IRWXU | stat.S_IRWXO)
+        if hasattr(os, 'chflags') and hasattr(stat, 'UF_NODUMP'):
+            os.chflags(source / 'fileC', stat.UF_NODUMP)
+        target = base / 'copyA'
+        source.copy(target, preserve_metadata=True)
+
+        for subpath in ['.', 'fileC', 'dirD', 'dirD/fileD']:
+            source_st = source.joinpath(subpath).stat()
+            target_st = target.joinpath(subpath).stat()
+            self.assertLessEqual(source_st.st_atime, target_st.st_atime)
+            self.assertLessEqual(source_st.st_mtime, target_st.st_mtime)
+            self.assertEqual(source_st.st_mode, target_st.st_mode)
+            if hasattr(source_st, 'st_flags'):
+                self.assertEqual(source_st.st_flags, target_st.st_flags)
+
+    @os_helper.skip_unless_xattr
+    def test_copy_dir_preserve_metadata_xattrs(self):
+        base = self.cls(self.base)
+        source = base / 'dirC'
+        source_file = source.joinpath('dirD', 'fileD')
+        os.setxattr(source_file, b'user.foo', b'42')
+        target = base / 'copyA'
+        source.copy(target, preserve_metadata=True)
+        target_file = target.joinpath('dirD', 'fileD')
+        self.assertEqual(os.getxattr(target_file, b'user.foo'), b'42')
+
+    @patch_replace
+    def test_move_file_other_fs(self):
+        self.test_move_file()
+
+    @patch_replace
+    def test_move_file_to_file_other_fs(self):
+        self.test_move_file_to_file()
+
+    @patch_replace
+    def test_move_file_to_dir_other_fs(self):
+        self.test_move_file_to_dir()
+
+    @patch_replace
+    def test_move_dir_other_fs(self):
+        self.test_move_dir()
+
+    @patch_replace
+    def test_move_dir_to_dir_other_fs(self):
+        self.test_move_dir_to_dir()
+
+    @patch_replace
+    def test_move_dir_into_itself_other_fs(self):
+        self.test_move_dir_into_itself()
+
+    @patch_replace
+    @needs_symlinks
+    def test_move_file_symlink_other_fs(self):
+        self.test_move_file_symlink()
+
+    @patch_replace
+    @needs_symlinks
+    def test_move_file_symlink_to_itself_other_fs(self):
+        self.test_move_file_symlink_to_itself()
+
+    @patch_replace
+    @needs_symlinks
+    def test_move_dir_symlink_other_fs(self):
+        self.test_move_dir_symlink()
+
+    @patch_replace
+    @needs_symlinks
+    def test_move_dir_symlink_to_itself_other_fs(self):
+        self.test_move_dir_symlink_to_itself()
+
+    @patch_replace
+    @needs_symlinks
+    def test_move_dangling_symlink_other_fs(self):
+        self.test_move_dangling_symlink()
+
+    @patch_replace
+    def test_move_into_other_os(self):
+        self.test_move_into()
+
+    @patch_replace
+    def test_move_into_empty_name_other_os(self):
+        self.test_move_into_empty_name()
+
     def test_resolve_nonexist_relative_issue38671(self):
         p = self.cls('non', 'exist')
 
@@ -764,24 +972,107 @@ def test_group_no_follow_symlinks(self):
         self.assertEqual(expected_gid, gid_2)
         self.assertEqual(expected_name, link.group(follow_symlinks=False))
 
-    def test_unlink(self):
-        p = self.cls(self.base) / 'fileA'
-        p.unlink()
-        self.assertFileNotFound(p.stat)
-        self.assertFileNotFound(p.unlink)
-
-    def test_unlink_missing_ok(self):
-        p = self.cls(self.base) / 'fileAAA'
-        self.assertFileNotFound(p.unlink)
-        p.unlink(missing_ok=True)
-
-    def test_rmdir(self):
-        p = self.cls(self.base) / 'dirA'
-        for q in p.iterdir():
-            q.unlink()
-        p.rmdir()
-        self.assertFileNotFound(p.stat)
-        self.assertFileNotFound(p.unlink)
+    @unittest.skipIf(sys.platform[:6] == 'cygwin',
+                     "This test can't be run on Cygwin (issue #1071513).")
+    @os_helper.skip_if_dac_override
+    @os_helper.skip_unless_working_chmod
+    def test_delete_unwritable(self):
+        tmp = self.cls(self.base, 'delete')
+        tmp.mkdir()
+        child_file_path = tmp / 'a'
+        child_dir_path = tmp / 'b'
+        child_file_path.write_text("")
+        child_dir_path.mkdir()
+        old_dir_mode = tmp.stat().st_mode
+        old_child_file_mode = child_file_path.stat().st_mode
+        old_child_dir_mode = child_dir_path.stat().st_mode
+        # Make unwritable.
+        new_mode = stat.S_IREAD | stat.S_IEXEC
+        try:
+            child_file_path.chmod(new_mode)
+            child_dir_path.chmod(new_mode)
+            tmp.chmod(new_mode)
+
+            self.assertRaises(PermissionError, tmp._delete)
+        finally:
+            tmp.chmod(old_dir_mode)
+            child_file_path.chmod(old_child_file_mode)
+            child_dir_path.chmod(old_child_dir_mode)
+
+    @needs_windows
+    def test_delete_inner_junction(self):
+        import _winapi
+        tmp = self.cls(self.base, 'delete')
+        tmp.mkdir()
+        dir1 = tmp / 'dir1'
+        dir2 = dir1 / 'dir2'
+        dir3 = tmp / 'dir3'
+        for d in dir1, dir2, dir3:
+            d.mkdir()
+        file1 = tmp / 'file1'
+        file1.write_text('foo')
+        link1 = dir1 / 'link1'
+        _winapi.CreateJunction(str(dir2), str(link1))
+        link2 = dir1 / 'link2'
+        _winapi.CreateJunction(str(dir3), str(link2))
+        link3 = dir1 / 'link3'
+        _winapi.CreateJunction(str(file1), str(link3))
+        # make sure junctions are removed but not followed
+        dir1._delete()
+        self.assertFalse(dir1.exists())
+        self.assertTrue(dir3.exists())
+        self.assertTrue(file1.exists())
+
+    @needs_windows
+    def test_delete_outer_junction(self):
+        import _winapi
+        tmp = self.cls(self.base, 'delete')
+        tmp.mkdir()
+        src = tmp / 'cheese'
+        dst = tmp / 'shop'
+        src.mkdir()
+        spam = src / 'spam'
+        spam.write_text('')
+        _winapi.CreateJunction(str(src), str(dst))
+        dst._delete()
+        self.assertFalse(dst.exists())
+        self.assertTrue(spam.exists())
+        self.assertTrue(src.exists())
+
+    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(os, "mkfifo"), 'requires os.mkfifo()')
+    @unittest.skipIf(sys.platform == "vxworks",
+                     "fifo requires special path on VxWorks")
+    def test_delete_on_named_pipe(self):
+        p = self.cls(self.base, 'pipe')
+        os.mkfifo(p)
+        p._delete()
+        self.assertFalse(p.exists())
+
+        p = self.cls(self.base, 'dir')
+        p.mkdir()
+        os.mkfifo(p / 'mypipe')
+        p._delete()
+        self.assertFalse(p.exists())
+
+    def test_delete_does_not_choke_on_failing_lstat(self):
+        try:
+            orig_lstat = os.lstat
+            tmp = self.cls(self.base, 'delete')
+
+            def raiser(fn, *args, **kwargs):
+                if fn != tmp:
+                    raise OSError()
+                else:
+                    return orig_lstat(fn)
+
+            os.lstat = raiser
+
+            tmp.mkdir()
+            foo = tmp / 'foo'
+            foo.write_text('')
+            tmp._delete()
+        finally:
+            os.lstat = orig_lstat
 
     @os_helper.skip_unless_hardlink
     def test_hardlink_to(self):
@@ -1283,18 +1574,20 @@ def test_absolute_posix(self):
     )
     @needs_posix
     def test_open_mode(self):
-        old_mask = os.umask(0)
+        # Unmask all permissions except world-write, which may
+        # not be supported on some filesystems (see GH-85633.)
+        old_mask = os.umask(0o002)
         self.addCleanup(os.umask, old_mask)
         p = self.cls(self.base)
         with (p / 'new_file').open('wb'):
             pass
         st = os.stat(self.parser.join(self.base, 'new_file'))
-        self.assertEqual(stat.S_IMODE(st.st_mode), 0o666)
-        os.umask(0o022)
+        self.assertEqual(stat.S_IMODE(st.st_mode), 0o664)
+        os.umask(0o026)
         with (p / 'other_new_file').open('wb'):
             pass
         st = os.stat(self.parser.join(self.base, 'other_new_file'))
-        self.assertEqual(stat.S_IMODE(st.st_mode), 0o644)
+        self.assertEqual(stat.S_IMODE(st.st_mode), 0o640)
 
     @needs_posix
     def test_resolve_root(self):
@@ -1312,16 +1605,18 @@ def test_resolve_root(self):
     )
     @needs_posix
     def test_touch_mode(self):
-        old_mask = os.umask(0)
+        # Unmask all permissions except world-write, which may
+        # not be supported on some filesystems (see GH-85633.)
+        old_mask = os.umask(0o002)
         self.addCleanup(os.umask, old_mask)
         p = self.cls(self.base)
         (p / 'new_file').touch()
         st = os.stat(self.parser.join(self.base, 'new_file'))
-        self.assertEqual(stat.S_IMODE(st.st_mode), 0o666)
-        os.umask(0o022)
+        self.assertEqual(stat.S_IMODE(st.st_mode), 0o664)
+        os.umask(0o026)
         (p / 'other_new_file').touch()
         st = os.stat(self.parser.join(self.base, 'other_new_file'))
-        self.assertEqual(stat.S_IMODE(st.st_mode), 0o644)
+        self.assertEqual(stat.S_IMODE(st.st_mode), 0o640)
         (p / 'masked_new_file').touch(mode=0o750)
         st = os.stat(self.parser.join(self.base, 'masked_new_file'))
         self.assertEqual(stat.S_IMODE(st.st_mode), 0o750)
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_pathlib/test_pathlib_abc.py b/Lib/test/test_pathlib/test_pathlib_abc.py
index 57cc1612c03468..08355a71453807 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_pathlib/test_pathlib_abc.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_pathlib/test_pathlib_abc.py
@@ -1464,7 +1464,7 @@ def stat(self, *, follow_symlinks=True):
 
     def open(self, mode='r', buffering=-1, encoding=None,
              errors=None, newline=None):
-        if buffering != -1:
+        if buffering != -1 and not (buffering == 0 and 'b' in mode):
             raise NotImplementedError
         path_obj = self.resolve()
         path = str(path_obj)
@@ -1496,27 +1496,59 @@ def iterdir(self):
         if path in self._files:
             raise NotADirectoryError(errno.ENOTDIR, "Not a directory", path)
         elif path in self._directories:
-            return (self / name for name in self._directories[path])
+            return iter([self / name for name in self._directories[path]])
         else:
             raise FileNotFoundError(errno.ENOENT, "File not found", path)
 
     def mkdir(self, mode=0o777, parents=False, exist_ok=False):
-        path = str(self.resolve())
-        if path in self._directories:
+        path = str(self.parent.resolve() / self.name)
+        parent = str(self.parent.resolve())
+        if path in self._directories or path in self._symlinks:
             if exist_ok:
                 return
             else:
                 raise FileExistsError(errno.EEXIST, "File exists", path)
         try:
             if self.name:
-                self._directories[str(self.parent)].add(self.name)
+                self._directories[parent].add(self.name)
             self._directories[path] = set()
         except KeyError:
             if not parents:
-                raise FileNotFoundError(errno.ENOENT, "File not found", str(self.parent)) from None
+                raise FileNotFoundError(errno.ENOENT, "File not found", parent) from None
             self.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
             self.mkdir(mode, parents=False, exist_ok=exist_ok)
 
+    def unlink(self, missing_ok=False):
+        path_obj = self.parent.resolve(strict=True) / self.name
+        path = str(path_obj)
+        name = path_obj.name
+        parent = str(path_obj.parent)
+        if path in self._directories:
+            raise IsADirectoryError(errno.EISDIR, "Is a directory", path)
+        elif path in self._files:
+            self._directories[parent].remove(name)
+            del self._files[path]
+        elif path in self._symlinks:
+            self._directories[parent].remove(name)
+            del self._symlinks[path]
+        elif not missing_ok:
+            raise FileNotFoundError(errno.ENOENT, "File not found", path)
+
+    def rmdir(self):
+        path_obj = self.parent.resolve(strict=True) / self.name
+        path = str(path_obj)
+        if path in self._files or path in self._symlinks:
+            raise NotADirectoryError(errno.ENOTDIR, "Not a directory", path)
+        elif path not in self._directories:
+            raise FileNotFoundError(errno.ENOENT, "File not found", path)
+        elif self._directories[path]:
+            raise OSError(errno.ENOTEMPTY, "Directory not empty", path)
+        else:
+            name = path_obj.name
+            parent = str(path_obj.parent)
+            self._directories[parent].remove(name)
+            del self._directories[path]
+
 
 class DummyPathTest(DummyPurePathTest):
     """Tests for PathBase methods that use stat(), open() and iterdir()."""
@@ -1696,6 +1728,436 @@ def test_write_text_with_newlines(self):
         self.assertEqual((p / 'fileA').read_bytes(),
                           b'abcde' + os_linesep_byte + b'fghlk' + os_linesep_byte + b'\rmnopq')
 
+    def test_copy_file(self):
+        base = self.cls(self.base)
+        source = base / 'fileA'
+        target = base / 'copyA'
+        result = source.copy(target)
+        self.assertEqual(result, target)
+        self.assertTrue(target.exists())
+        self.assertEqual(source.read_text(), target.read_text())
+
+    @needs_symlinks
+    def test_copy_symlink_follow_symlinks_true(self):
+        base = self.cls(self.base)
+        source = base / 'linkA'
+        target = base / 'copyA'
+        result = source.copy(target)
+        self.assertEqual(result, target)
+        self.assertTrue(target.exists())
+        self.assertFalse(target.is_symlink())
+        self.assertEqual(source.read_text(), target.read_text())
+
+    @needs_symlinks
+    def test_copy_symlink_follow_symlinks_false(self):
+        base = self.cls(self.base)
+        source = base / 'linkA'
+        target = base / 'copyA'
+        result = source.copy(target, follow_symlinks=False)
+        self.assertEqual(result, target)
+        self.assertTrue(target.exists())
+        self.assertTrue(target.is_symlink())
+        self.assertEqual(source.readlink(), target.readlink())
+
+    @needs_symlinks
+    def test_copy_symlink_to_itself(self):
+        base = self.cls(self.base)
+        source = base / 'linkA'
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, source.copy, source)
+
+    @needs_symlinks
+    def test_copy_symlink_to_existing_symlink(self):
+        base = self.cls(self.base)
+        source = base / 'copySource'
+        target = base / 'copyTarget'
+        source.symlink_to(base / 'fileA')
+        target.symlink_to(base / 'dirC')
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, source.copy, target)
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, source.copy, target, follow_symlinks=False)
+
+    @needs_symlinks
+    def test_copy_symlink_to_existing_directory_symlink(self):
+        base = self.cls(self.base)
+        source = base / 'copySource'
+        target = base / 'copyTarget'
+        source.symlink_to(base / 'fileA')
+        target.symlink_to(base / 'dirC')
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, source.copy, target)
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, source.copy, target, follow_symlinks=False)
+
+    @needs_symlinks
+    def test_copy_directory_symlink_follow_symlinks_false(self):
+        base = self.cls(self.base)
+        source = base / 'linkB'
+        target = base / 'copyA'
+        result = source.copy(target, follow_symlinks=False)
+        self.assertEqual(result, target)
+        self.assertTrue(target.exists())
+        self.assertTrue(target.is_symlink())
+        self.assertEqual(source.readlink(), target.readlink())
+
+    @needs_symlinks
+    def test_copy_directory_symlink_to_itself(self):
+        base = self.cls(self.base)
+        source = base / 'linkB'
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, source.copy, source)
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, source.copy, source, follow_symlinks=False)
+
+    @needs_symlinks
+    def test_copy_directory_symlink_into_itself(self):
+        base = self.cls(self.base)
+        source = base / 'linkB'
+        target = base / 'linkB' / 'copyB'
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, source.copy, target)
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, source.copy, target, follow_symlinks=False)
+        self.assertFalse(target.exists())
+
+    @needs_symlinks
+    def test_copy_directory_symlink_to_existing_symlink(self):
+        base = self.cls(self.base)
+        source = base / 'copySource'
+        target = base / 'copyTarget'
+        source.symlink_to(base / 'dirC')
+        target.symlink_to(base / 'fileA')
+        self.assertRaises(FileExistsError, source.copy, target)
+        self.assertRaises(FileExistsError, source.copy, target, follow_symlinks=False)
+
+    @needs_symlinks
+    def test_copy_directory_symlink_to_existing_directory_symlink(self):
+        base = self.cls(self.base)
+        source = base / 'copySource'
+        target = base / 'copyTarget'
+        source.symlink_to(base / 'dirC' / 'dirD')
+        target.symlink_to(base / 'dirC')
+        self.assertRaises(FileExistsError, source.copy, target)
+        self.assertRaises(FileExistsError, source.copy, target, follow_symlinks=False)
+
+    def test_copy_file_to_existing_file(self):
+        base = self.cls(self.base)
+        source = base / 'fileA'
+        target = base / 'dirB' / 'fileB'
+        result = source.copy(target)
+        self.assertEqual(result, target)
+        self.assertTrue(target.exists())
+        self.assertEqual(source.read_text(), target.read_text())
+
+    def test_copy_file_to_existing_directory(self):
+        base = self.cls(self.base)
+        source = base / 'fileA'
+        target = base / 'dirA'
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, source.copy, target)
+
+    @needs_symlinks
+    def test_copy_file_to_existing_symlink(self):
+        base = self.cls(self.base)
+        source = base / 'dirB' / 'fileB'
+        target = base / 'linkA'
+        real_target = base / 'fileA'
+        result = source.copy(target)
+        self.assertEqual(result, target)
+        self.assertTrue(target.exists())
+        self.assertTrue(target.is_symlink())
+        self.assertTrue(real_target.exists())
+        self.assertFalse(real_target.is_symlink())
+        self.assertEqual(source.read_text(), real_target.read_text())
+
+    @needs_symlinks
+    def test_copy_file_to_existing_symlink_follow_symlinks_false(self):
+        base = self.cls(self.base)
+        source = base / 'dirB' / 'fileB'
+        target = base / 'linkA'
+        real_target = base / 'fileA'
+        result = source.copy(target, follow_symlinks=False)
+        self.assertEqual(result, target)
+        self.assertTrue(target.exists())
+        self.assertTrue(target.is_symlink())
+        self.assertTrue(real_target.exists())
+        self.assertFalse(real_target.is_symlink())
+        self.assertEqual(source.read_text(), real_target.read_text())
+
+    def test_copy_file_empty(self):
+        base = self.cls(self.base)
+        source = base / 'empty'
+        target = base / 'copyA'
+        source.write_bytes(b'')
+        result = source.copy(target)
+        self.assertEqual(result, target)
+        self.assertTrue(target.exists())
+        self.assertEqual(target.read_bytes(), b'')
+
+    def test_copy_file_to_itself(self):
+        base = self.cls(self.base)
+        source = base / 'empty'
+        source.write_bytes(b'')
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, source.copy, source)
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, source.copy, source, follow_symlinks=False)
+
+    def test_copy_dir_simple(self):
+        base = self.cls(self.base)
+        source = base / 'dirC'
+        target = base / 'copyC'
+        result = source.copy(target)
+        self.assertEqual(result, target)
+        self.assertTrue(target.is_dir())
+        self.assertTrue(target.joinpath('dirD').is_dir())
+        self.assertTrue(target.joinpath('dirD', 'fileD').is_file())
+        self.assertEqual(target.joinpath('dirD', 'fileD').read_text(),
+                         "this is file D\n")
+        self.assertTrue(target.joinpath('fileC').is_file())
+        self.assertTrue(target.joinpath('fileC').read_text(),
+                        "this is file C\n")
+
+    def test_copy_dir_complex(self, follow_symlinks=True):
+        def ordered_walk(path):
+            for dirpath, dirnames, filenames in path.walk(follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks):
+                dirnames.sort()
+                filenames.sort()
+                yield dirpath, dirnames, filenames
+        base = self.cls(self.base)
+        source = base / 'dirC'
+
+        if self.can_symlink:
+            # Add some symlinks
+            source.joinpath('linkC').symlink_to('fileC')
+            source.joinpath('linkD').symlink_to('dirD')
+
+        # Perform the copy
+        target = base / 'copyC'
+        result = source.copy(target, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks)
+        self.assertEqual(result, target)
+
+        # Compare the source and target trees
+        source_walk = ordered_walk(source)
+        target_walk = ordered_walk(target)
+        for source_item, target_item in zip(source_walk, target_walk, strict=True):
+            self.assertEqual(source_item[0].relative_to(source),
+                             target_item[0].relative_to(target))  # dirpath
+            self.assertEqual(source_item[1], target_item[1])  # dirnames
+            self.assertEqual(source_item[2], target_item[2])  # filenames
+            # Compare files and symlinks
+            for filename in source_item[2]:
+                source_file = source_item[0].joinpath(filename)
+                target_file = target_item[0].joinpath(filename)
+                if follow_symlinks or not source_file.is_symlink():
+                    # Regular file.
+                    self.assertEqual(source_file.read_bytes(), target_file.read_bytes())
+                elif source_file.is_dir():
+                    # Symlink to directory.
+                    self.assertTrue(target_file.is_dir())
+                    self.assertEqual(source_file.readlink(), target_file.readlink())
+                else:
+                    # Symlink to file.
+                    self.assertEqual(source_file.read_bytes(), target_file.read_bytes())
+                    self.assertEqual(source_file.readlink(), target_file.readlink())
+
+    def test_copy_dir_complex_follow_symlinks_false(self):
+        self.test_copy_dir_complex(follow_symlinks=False)
+
+    def test_copy_dir_to_existing_directory(self):
+        base = self.cls(self.base)
+        source = base / 'dirC'
+        target = base / 'copyC'
+        target.mkdir()
+        target.joinpath('dirD').mkdir()
+        self.assertRaises(FileExistsError, source.copy, target)
+
+    def test_copy_dir_to_existing_directory_dirs_exist_ok(self):
+        base = self.cls(self.base)
+        source = base / 'dirC'
+        target = base / 'copyC'
+        target.mkdir()
+        target.joinpath('dirD').mkdir()
+        result = source.copy(target, dirs_exist_ok=True)
+        self.assertEqual(result, target)
+        self.assertTrue(target.is_dir())
+        self.assertTrue(target.joinpath('dirD').is_dir())
+        self.assertTrue(target.joinpath('dirD', 'fileD').is_file())
+        self.assertEqual(target.joinpath('dirD', 'fileD').read_text(),
+                         "this is file D\n")
+        self.assertTrue(target.joinpath('fileC').is_file())
+        self.assertTrue(target.joinpath('fileC').read_text(),
+                        "this is file C\n")
+
+    def test_copy_dir_to_itself(self):
+        base = self.cls(self.base)
+        source = base / 'dirC'
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, source.copy, source)
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, source.copy, source, follow_symlinks=False)
+
+    def test_copy_dir_into_itself(self):
+        base = self.cls(self.base)
+        source = base / 'dirC'
+        target = base / 'dirC' / 'dirD' / 'copyC'
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, source.copy, target)
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, source.copy, target, follow_symlinks=False)
+        self.assertFalse(target.exists())
+
+    @needs_symlinks
+    def test_copy_dangling_symlink(self):
+        base = self.cls(self.base)
+        source = base / 'source'
+        target = base / 'target'
+
+        source.mkdir()
+        source.joinpath('link').symlink_to('nonexistent')
+
+        self.assertRaises(FileNotFoundError, source.copy, target)
+
+        target2 = base / 'target2'
+        result = source.copy(target2, follow_symlinks=False)
+        self.assertEqual(result, target2)
+        self.assertTrue(target2.joinpath('link').is_symlink())
+        self.assertEqual(target2.joinpath('link').readlink(), self.cls('nonexistent'))
+
+    def test_copy_into(self):
+        base = self.cls(self.base)
+        source = base / 'fileA'
+        target_dir = base / 'dirA'
+        result = source.copy_into(target_dir)
+        self.assertEqual(result, target_dir / 'fileA')
+        self.assertTrue(result.exists())
+        self.assertEqual(source.read_text(), result.read_text())
+
+    def test_copy_into_empty_name(self):
+        source = self.cls('')
+        target_dir = self.base
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, source.copy_into, target_dir)
+
+    def test_move_file(self):
+        base = self.cls(self.base)
+        source = base / 'fileA'
+        source_text = source.read_text()
+        target = base / 'fileA_moved'
+        result = source.move(target)
+        self.assertEqual(result, target)
+        self.assertFalse(source.exists())
+        self.assertTrue(target.exists())
+        self.assertEqual(source_text, target.read_text())
+
+    def test_move_file_to_file(self):
+        base = self.cls(self.base)
+        source = base / 'fileA'
+        source_text = source.read_text()
+        target = base / 'dirB' / 'fileB'
+        result = source.move(target)
+        self.assertEqual(result, target)
+        self.assertFalse(source.exists())
+        self.assertTrue(target.exists())
+        self.assertEqual(source_text, target.read_text())
+
+    def test_move_file_to_dir(self):
+        base = self.cls(self.base)
+        source = base / 'fileA'
+        target = base / 'dirB'
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, source.move, target)
+
+    def test_move_file_to_itself(self):
+        base = self.cls(self.base)
+        source = base / 'fileA'
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, source.move, source)
+
+    def test_move_dir(self):
+        base = self.cls(self.base)
+        source = base / 'dirC'
+        target = base / 'dirC_moved'
+        result = source.move(target)
+        self.assertEqual(result, target)
+        self.assertFalse(source.exists())
+        self.assertTrue(target.is_dir())
+        self.assertTrue(target.joinpath('dirD').is_dir())
+        self.assertTrue(target.joinpath('dirD', 'fileD').is_file())
+        self.assertEqual(target.joinpath('dirD', 'fileD').read_text(),
+                         "this is file D\n")
+        self.assertTrue(target.joinpath('fileC').is_file())
+        self.assertTrue(target.joinpath('fileC').read_text(),
+                        "this is file C\n")
+
+    def test_move_dir_to_dir(self):
+        base = self.cls(self.base)
+        source = base / 'dirC'
+        target = base / 'dirB'
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, source.move, target)
+        self.assertTrue(source.exists())
+        self.assertTrue(target.exists())
+
+    def test_move_dir_to_itself(self):
+        base = self.cls(self.base)
+        source = base / 'dirC'
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, source.move, source)
+        self.assertTrue(source.exists())
+
+    def test_move_dir_into_itself(self):
+        base = self.cls(self.base)
+        source = base / 'dirC'
+        target = base / 'dirC' / 'bar'
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, source.move, target)
+        self.assertTrue(source.exists())
+        self.assertFalse(target.exists())
+
+    @needs_symlinks
+    def test_move_file_symlink(self):
+        base = self.cls(self.base)
+        source = base / 'linkA'
+        source_readlink = source.readlink()
+        target = base / 'linkA_moved'
+        result = source.move(target)
+        self.assertEqual(result, target)
+        self.assertFalse(source.exists())
+        self.assertTrue(target.is_symlink())
+        self.assertEqual(source_readlink, target.readlink())
+
+    @needs_symlinks
+    def test_move_file_symlink_to_itself(self):
+        base = self.cls(self.base)
+        source = base / 'linkA'
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, source.move, source)
+
+    @needs_symlinks
+    def test_move_dir_symlink(self):
+        base = self.cls(self.base)
+        source = base / 'linkB'
+        source_readlink = source.readlink()
+        target = base / 'linkB_moved'
+        result = source.move(target)
+        self.assertEqual(result, target)
+        self.assertFalse(source.exists())
+        self.assertTrue(target.is_symlink())
+        self.assertEqual(source_readlink, target.readlink())
+
+    @needs_symlinks
+    def test_move_dir_symlink_to_itself(self):
+        base = self.cls(self.base)
+        source = base / 'linkB'
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, source.move, source)
+
+    @needs_symlinks
+    def test_move_dangling_symlink(self):
+        base = self.cls(self.base)
+        source = base / 'brokenLink'
+        source_readlink = source.readlink()
+        target = base / 'brokenLink_moved'
+        result = source.move(target)
+        self.assertEqual(result, target)
+        self.assertFalse(source.exists())
+        self.assertTrue(target.is_symlink())
+        self.assertEqual(source_readlink, target.readlink())
+
+    def test_move_into(self):
+        base = self.cls(self.base)
+        source = base / 'fileA'
+        source_text = source.read_text()
+        target_dir = base / 'dirA'
+        result = source.move_into(target_dir)
+        self.assertEqual(result, target_dir / 'fileA')
+        self.assertFalse(source.exists())
+        self.assertTrue(result.exists())
+        self.assertEqual(source_text, result.read_text())
+
+    def test_move_into_empty_name(self):
+        source = self.cls('')
+        target_dir = self.base
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, source.move_into, target_dir)
+
     def test_iterdir(self):
         P = self.cls
         p = P(self.base)
@@ -2338,6 +2800,89 @@ def test_complex_symlinks_relative(self):
     def test_complex_symlinks_relative_dot_dot(self):
         self._check_complex_symlinks(self.parser.join('dirA', '..'))
 
+    def test_unlink(self):
+        p = self.cls(self.base) / 'fileA'
+        p.unlink()
+        self.assertFileNotFound(p.stat)
+        self.assertFileNotFound(p.unlink)
+
+    def test_unlink_missing_ok(self):
+        p = self.cls(self.base) / 'fileAAA'
+        self.assertFileNotFound(p.unlink)
+        p.unlink(missing_ok=True)
+
+    def test_rmdir(self):
+        p = self.cls(self.base) / 'dirA'
+        for q in p.iterdir():
+            q.unlink()
+        p.rmdir()
+        self.assertFileNotFound(p.stat)
+        self.assertFileNotFound(p.unlink)
+
+    def test_delete_file(self):
+        p = self.cls(self.base) / 'fileA'
+        p._delete()
+        self.assertFileNotFound(p.stat)
+        self.assertFileNotFound(p.unlink)
+
+    def test_delete_dir(self):
+        base = self.cls(self.base)
+        base.joinpath('dirA')._delete()
+        self.assertRaises(FileNotFoundError, base.joinpath('dirA').stat)
+        self.assertRaises(FileNotFoundError, base.joinpath('dirA', 'linkC').lstat)
+        base.joinpath('dirB')._delete()
+        self.assertRaises(FileNotFoundError, base.joinpath('dirB').stat)
+        self.assertRaises(FileNotFoundError, base.joinpath('dirB', 'fileB').stat)
+        self.assertRaises(FileNotFoundError, base.joinpath('dirB', 'linkD').lstat)
+        base.joinpath('dirC')._delete()
+        self.assertRaises(FileNotFoundError, base.joinpath('dirC').stat)
+        self.assertRaises(FileNotFoundError, base.joinpath('dirC', 'dirD').stat)
+        self.assertRaises(FileNotFoundError, base.joinpath('dirC', 'dirD', 'fileD').stat)
+        self.assertRaises(FileNotFoundError, base.joinpath('dirC', 'fileC').stat)
+        self.assertRaises(FileNotFoundError, base.joinpath('dirC', 'novel.txt').stat)
+
+    @needs_symlinks
+    def test_delete_symlink(self):
+        tmp = self.cls(self.base, 'delete')
+        tmp.mkdir()
+        dir_ = tmp / 'dir'
+        dir_.mkdir()
+        link = tmp / 'link'
+        link.symlink_to(dir_)
+        link._delete()
+        self.assertTrue(dir_.exists())
+        self.assertFalse(link.exists(follow_symlinks=False))
+
+    @needs_symlinks
+    def test_delete_inner_symlink(self):
+        tmp = self.cls(self.base, 'delete')
+        tmp.mkdir()
+        dir1 = tmp / 'dir1'
+        dir2 = dir1 / 'dir2'
+        dir3 = tmp / 'dir3'
+        for d in dir1, dir2, dir3:
+            d.mkdir()
+        file1 = tmp / 'file1'
+        file1.write_text('foo')
+        link1 = dir1 / 'link1'
+        link1.symlink_to(dir2)
+        link2 = dir1 / 'link2'
+        link2.symlink_to(dir3)
+        link3 = dir1 / 'link3'
+        link3.symlink_to(file1)
+        # make sure symlinks are removed but not followed
+        dir1._delete()
+        self.assertFalse(dir1.exists())
+        self.assertTrue(dir3.exists())
+        self.assertTrue(file1.exists())
+
+    def test_delete_missing(self):
+        tmp = self.cls(self.base, 'delete')
+        tmp.mkdir()
+        # filename is guaranteed not to exist
+        filename = tmp / 'foo'
+        self.assertRaises(FileNotFoundError, filename._delete)
+
     def setUpWalk(self):
         # Build:
         #     TESTFN/
@@ -2500,8 +3045,12 @@ def readlink(self):
             raise FileNotFoundError(errno.ENOENT, "File not found", path)
 
     def symlink_to(self, target, target_is_directory=False):
-        self._directories[str(self.parent)].add(self.name)
-        self._symlinks[str(self)] = str(target)
+        path = str(self.parent.resolve() / self.name)
+        parent = str(self.parent.resolve())
+        if path in self._symlinks:
+            raise FileExistsError(errno.EEXIST, "File exists", path)
+        self._directories[parent].add(self.name)
+        self._symlinks[path] = str(target)
 
 
 class DummyPathWithSymlinksTest(DummyPathTest):
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_patma.py b/Lib/test/test_patma.py
index 1bdab125dc6ef0..dae6d898964cff 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_patma.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_patma.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import array
 import collections
 import dataclasses
+import dis
 import enum
 import inspect
 import sys
@@ -3014,6 +3015,13 @@ def test_multiple_assignments_to_name_in_pattern_5(self):
                 pass
         """)
 
+    def test_multiple_assignments_to_name_in_pattern_6(self):
+        self.assert_syntax_error("""
+        match ...:
+            case a as a + 1:  # NAME and expression with no ()
+                pass
+        """)
+
     def test_multiple_starred_names_in_sequence_pattern_0(self):
         self.assert_syntax_error("""
         match ...:
@@ -3377,6 +3385,24 @@ class Keys:
         self.assertIs(y, None)
         self.assertIs(z, None)
 
+class TestSourceLocations(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_jump_threading(self):
+        # See gh-123048
+        def f():
+            x = 0
+            v = 1
+            match v:
+                case 1:
+                    if x < 0:
+                        x = 1
+                case 2:
+                    if x < 0:
+                        x = 1
+            x += 1
+
+        for inst in dis.get_instructions(f):
+            if inst.opcode in dis.hasjump:
+                self.assertIsNotNone(inst.positions.lineno, "jump without location")
 
 class TestTracing(unittest.TestCase):
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_pdb.py b/Lib/test/test_pdb.py
index cf69bc415c9b69..e5f9848319021a 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_pdb.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_pdb.py
@@ -258,6 +258,8 @@ def test_pdb_breakpoint_commands():
     ...     'clear 3',
     ...     'break',
     ...     'condition 1',
+    ...     'commands 1',
+    ...     'EOF',       # Simulate Ctrl-D/Ctrl-Z from user, should end input
     ...     'enable 1',
     ...     'clear 1',
     ...     'commands 2',
@@ -313,6 +315,9 @@ def test_pdb_breakpoint_commands():
     2   breakpoint   keep yes   at <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_breakpoint_commands[0]>:4
     (Pdb) condition 1
     Breakpoint 1 is now unconditional.
+    (Pdb) commands 1
+    (com) EOF
+    <BLANKLINE>
     (Pdb) enable 1
     Enabled breakpoint 1 at <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_breakpoint_commands[0]>:3
     (Pdb) clear 1
@@ -358,6 +363,90 @@ def test_pdb_breakpoint_commands():
     4
     """
 
+def test_pdb_breakpoint_on_annotated_function_def():
+    """Test breakpoints on function definitions with annotation.
+
+    >>> def foo[T]():
+    ...     return 0
+
+    >>> def bar() -> int:
+    ...     return 0
+
+    >>> def foobar[T]() -> int:
+    ...     return 0
+
+    >>> reset_Breakpoint()
+
+    >>> def test_function():
+    ...     import pdb; pdb.Pdb(nosigint=True, readrc=False).set_trace()
+    ...     pass
+
+    >>> with PdbTestInput([  # doctest: +NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE
+    ...     'break foo',
+    ...     'break bar',
+    ...     'break foobar',
+    ...     'continue',
+    ... ]):
+    ...    test_function()
+    > <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_breakpoint_on_annotated_function_def[4]>(2)test_function()
+    -> import pdb; pdb.Pdb(nosigint=True, readrc=False).set_trace()
+    (Pdb) break foo
+    Breakpoint 1 at <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_breakpoint_on_annotated_function_def[0]>:2
+    (Pdb) break bar
+    Breakpoint 2 at <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_breakpoint_on_annotated_function_def[1]>:2
+    (Pdb) break foobar
+    Breakpoint 3 at <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_breakpoint_on_annotated_function_def[2]>:2
+    (Pdb) continue
+    """
+
+def test_pdb_commands():
+    """Test the commands command of pdb.
+
+    >>> def test_function():
+    ...     import pdb; pdb.Pdb(nosigint=True, readrc=False).set_trace()
+    ...     print(1)
+    ...     print(2)
+    ...     print(3)
+
+    >>> reset_Breakpoint()
+
+    >>> with PdbTestInput([  # doctest: +NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE
+    ...     'b 3',
+    ...     'commands',
+    ...     'silent',      # suppress the frame status output
+    ...     'p "hello"',
+    ...     'end',
+    ...     'b 4',
+    ...     'commands',
+    ...     'until 5',     # no output, should stop at line 5
+    ...     'continue',    # hit breakpoint at line 3
+    ...     '',            # repeat continue, hit breakpoint at line 4 then `until` to line 5
+    ...     '',
+    ... ]):
+    ...    test_function()
+    > <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_commands[0]>(2)test_function()
+    -> import pdb; pdb.Pdb(nosigint=True, readrc=False).set_trace()
+    (Pdb) b 3
+    Breakpoint 1 at <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_commands[0]>:3
+    (Pdb) commands
+    (com) silent
+    (com) p "hello"
+    (com) end
+    (Pdb) b 4
+    Breakpoint 2 at <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_commands[0]>:4
+    (Pdb) commands
+    (com) until 5
+    (Pdb) continue
+    'hello'
+    (Pdb)
+    1
+    2
+    > <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_commands[0]>(5)test_function()
+    -> print(3)
+    (Pdb)
+    3
+    """
+
 def test_pdb_breakpoint_with_filename():
     """Breakpoints with filename:lineno
 
@@ -465,6 +554,43 @@ def test_pdb_breakpoints_preserved_across_interactive_sessions():
     (Pdb) continue
     """
 
+def test_pdb_break_anywhere():
+    """Test break_anywhere() method of Pdb.
+
+    >>> def outer():
+    ...     def inner():
+    ...         import pdb
+    ...         import sys
+    ...         p = pdb.Pdb(nosigint=True, readrc=False)
+    ...         p.set_trace()
+    ...         frame = sys._getframe()
+    ...         print(p.break_anywhere(frame))  # inner
+    ...         print(p.break_anywhere(frame.f_back))  # outer
+    ...         print(p.break_anywhere(frame.f_back.f_back))  # caller
+    ...     inner()
+
+    >>> def caller():
+    ...     outer()
+
+    >>> def test_function():
+    ...     caller()
+
+    >>> reset_Breakpoint()
+    >>> with PdbTestInput([  # doctest: +NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE
+    ...     'b 3',
+    ...     'c',
+    ... ]):
+    ...     test_function()
+    > <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_break_anywhere[0]>(6)inner()
+    -> p.set_trace()
+    (Pdb) b 3
+    Breakpoint 1 at <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_break_anywhere[0]>:3
+    (Pdb) c
+    True
+    False
+    False
+    """
+
 def test_pdb_pp_repr_exc():
     """Test that do_p/do_pp do not swallow exceptions.
 
@@ -491,6 +617,37 @@ def test_pdb_pp_repr_exc():
     (Pdb) continue
     """
 
+def test_pdb_empty_line():
+    """Test that empty line repeats the last command.
+
+    >>> def test_function():
+    ...     x = 1
+    ...     import pdb; pdb.Pdb(nosigint=True, readrc=False).set_trace()
+    ...     y = 2
+
+    >>> with PdbTestInput([  # doctest: +NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE
+    ...     'p x',
+    ...     '',  # Should repeat p x
+    ...     'n ;; p 0 ;; p x',  # Fill cmdqueue with multiple commands
+    ...     '',  # Should still repeat p x
+    ...     'continue',
+    ... ]):
+    ...    test_function()
+    > <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_empty_line[0]>(3)test_function()
+    -> import pdb; pdb.Pdb(nosigint=True, readrc=False).set_trace()
+    (Pdb) p x
+    1
+    (Pdb)
+    1
+    (Pdb) n ;; p 0 ;; p x
+    0
+    1
+    > <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_empty_line[0]>(4)test_function()
+    -> y = 2
+    (Pdb)
+    1
+    (Pdb) continue
+    """
 
 def do_nothing():
     pass
@@ -781,7 +938,7 @@ def test_pdb_where_command():
     ...     import pdb; pdb.Pdb(nosigint=True, readrc=False).set_trace()
 
     >>> def f():
-    ...     g();
+    ...     g()
 
     >>> def test_function():
     ...     f()
@@ -789,8 +946,13 @@ def test_pdb_where_command():
     >>> with PdbTestInput([  # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
     ...     'w',
     ...     'where',
+    ...     'w 1',
+    ...     'w invalid',
     ...     'u',
     ...     'w',
+    ...     'w 0',
+    ...     'w 100',
+    ...     'w -100',
     ...     'continue',
     ... ]):
     ...    test_function()
@@ -798,40 +960,100 @@ def test_pdb_where_command():
     -> import pdb; pdb.Pdb(nosigint=True, readrc=False).set_trace()
     (Pdb) w
     ...
-      <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_where_command[3]>(8)<module>()
+      <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_where_command[3]>(13)<module>()
     -> test_function()
       <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_where_command[2]>(2)test_function()
     -> f()
       <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_where_command[1]>(2)f()
-    -> g();
+    -> g()
     > <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_where_command[0]>(2)g()
     -> import pdb; pdb.Pdb(nosigint=True, readrc=False).set_trace()
     (Pdb) where
     ...
-      <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_where_command[3]>(8)<module>()
+      <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_where_command[3]>(13)<module>()
     -> test_function()
       <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_where_command[2]>(2)test_function()
     -> f()
       <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_where_command[1]>(2)f()
-    -> g();
+    -> g()
     > <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_where_command[0]>(2)g()
     -> import pdb; pdb.Pdb(nosigint=True, readrc=False).set_trace()
+    (Pdb) w 1
+    > <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_where_command[0]>(2)g()
+    -> import pdb; pdb.Pdb(nosigint=True, readrc=False).set_trace()
+    (Pdb) w invalid
+    *** Invalid count (invalid)
     (Pdb) u
     > <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_where_command[1]>(2)f()
-    -> g();
+    -> g()
     (Pdb) w
     ...
-      <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_where_command[3]>(8)<module>()
+      <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_where_command[3]>(13)<module>()
+    -> test_function()
+      <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_where_command[2]>(2)test_function()
+    -> f()
+    > <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_where_command[1]>(2)f()
+    -> g()
+      <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_where_command[0]>(2)g()
+    -> import pdb; pdb.Pdb(nosigint=True, readrc=False).set_trace()
+    (Pdb) w 0
+    > <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_where_command[1]>(2)f()
+    -> g()
+    (Pdb) w 100
+    ...
+      <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_where_command[3]>(13)<module>()
+    -> test_function()
+      <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_where_command[2]>(2)test_function()
+    -> f()
+    > <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_where_command[1]>(2)f()
+    -> g()
+      <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_where_command[0]>(2)g()
+    -> import pdb; pdb.Pdb(nosigint=True, readrc=False).set_trace()
+    (Pdb) w -100
+    ...
+      <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_where_command[3]>(13)<module>()
     -> test_function()
       <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_where_command[2]>(2)test_function()
     -> f()
     > <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_where_command[1]>(2)f()
-    -> g();
+    -> g()
       <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_where_command[0]>(2)g()
     -> import pdb; pdb.Pdb(nosigint=True, readrc=False).set_trace()
     (Pdb) continue
     """
 
+def test_pdb_restart_command():
+    """Test restart command
+
+    >>> def test_function():
+    ...     import pdb; pdb.Pdb(nosigint=True, readrc=False, mode='inline').set_trace()
+    ...     x = 1
+
+    >>> with PdbTestInput([  # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
+    ...     'restart',
+    ...     'continue',
+    ... ]):
+    ...    test_function()
+    > <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_restart_command[0]>(2)test_function()
+    -> import pdb; pdb.Pdb(nosigint=True, readrc=False, mode='inline').set_trace()
+    (Pdb) restart
+    *** run/restart command is disabled when pdb is running in inline mode.
+    Use the command line interface to enable restarting your program
+    e.g. "python -m pdb myscript.py"
+    (Pdb) continue
+    """
+
+def test_pdb_commands_with_set_trace():
+    """Test that commands can be passed to Pdb.set_trace()
+
+    >>> def test_function():
+    ...     x = 1
+    ...     import pdb; pdb.Pdb(nosigint=True, readrc=False).set_trace(commands=['p x', 'c'])
+
+    >>> test_function()
+    1
+    """
+
 
 # skip this test if sys.flags.no_site = True;
 # exit() isn't defined unless there's a site module.
@@ -895,7 +1117,7 @@ def test_convenience_variables():
     ...     import pdb; pdb.Pdb(nosigint=True, readrc=False).set_trace()
     ...     try:
     ...         raise Exception('test')
-    ...     except:
+    ...     except Exception:
     ...         pass
     ...     return 1
 
@@ -967,7 +1189,7 @@ def test_convenience_variables():
     Exception('test')
     (Pdb) next
     > <doctest test.test_pdb.test_convenience_variables[0]>(5)util_function()
-    -> except:
+    -> except Exception:
     (Pdb) $_exception
     *** KeyError: '_exception'
     (Pdb) return
@@ -1194,7 +1416,7 @@ def test_post_mortem_context_of_the_cause():
 def test_post_mortem_from_none():
     """Test post mortem traceback debugging of chained exception
 
-    In particular that cause from None (which sets __supress_context__ to True)
+    In particular that cause from None (which sets __suppress_context__ to True)
     does not show context.
 
 
@@ -2262,7 +2484,12 @@ def test_pdb_multiline_statement():
     ...     'def f(x):',
     ...     '  return x * 2',
     ...     '',
-    ...     'f(2)',
+    ...     'val = 2',
+    ...     'if val > 0:',
+    ...     '  val = f(val)',
+    ...     '',
+    ...     '',  # empty line should repeat the multi-line statement
+    ...     'val',
     ...     'c'
     ... ]):
     ...     test_function()
@@ -2271,8 +2498,13 @@ def test_pdb_multiline_statement():
     (Pdb) def f(x):
     ...     return x * 2
     ...
-    (Pdb) f(2)
-    4
+    (Pdb) val = 2
+    (Pdb) if val > 0:
+    ...     val = f(val)
+    ...
+    (Pdb)
+    (Pdb) val
+    8
     (Pdb) c
     """
 
@@ -2379,6 +2611,49 @@ def test_pdb_show_attribute_and_item():
     (Pdb) c
     """
 
+# doctest will modify pdb.set_trace during the test, so we need to backup
+# the original function to use it in the test
+original_pdb_settrace = pdb.set_trace
+
+def test_pdb_with_inline_breakpoint():
+    """Hard-coded breakpoint() calls should invoke the same debugger instance
+
+    >>> def test_function():
+    ...     x = 1
+    ...     import pdb; pdb.Pdb().set_trace()
+    ...     original_pdb_settrace()
+    ...     x = 2
+
+    >>> with PdbTestInput(['display x',
+    ...                    'n',
+    ...                    'n',
+    ...                    'n',
+    ...                    'n',
+    ...                    'undisplay',
+    ...                    'c']):
+    ...     test_function()
+    > <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_with_inline_breakpoint[0]>(3)test_function()
+    -> import pdb; pdb.Pdb().set_trace()
+    (Pdb) display x
+    display x: 1
+    (Pdb) n
+    > <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_with_inline_breakpoint[0]>(4)test_function()
+    -> original_pdb_settrace()
+    (Pdb) n
+    > <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_with_inline_breakpoint[0]>(4)test_function()
+    -> original_pdb_settrace()
+    (Pdb) n
+    > <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_with_inline_breakpoint[0]>(5)test_function()
+    -> x = 2
+    (Pdb) n
+    --Return--
+    > <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_with_inline_breakpoint[0]>(5)test_function()->None
+    -> x = 2
+    display x: 2  [old: 1]
+    (Pdb) undisplay
+    (Pdb) c
+    """
+
 def test_pdb_issue_20766():
     """Test for reference leaks when the SIGINT handler is set.
 
@@ -2860,6 +3135,7 @@ def _run_pdb(self, pdb_args, commands,
     def run_pdb_script(self, script, commands,
                        expected_returncode=0,
                        extra_env=None,
+                       script_args=None,
                        pdbrc=None,
                        remove_home=False):
         """Run 'script' lines with pdb and the pdb 'commands'."""
@@ -2877,7 +3153,9 @@ def run_pdb_script(self, script, commands,
         if remove_home:
             homesave = os.environ.pop('HOME', None)
         try:
-            stdout, stderr = self._run_pdb([filename], commands, expected_returncode, extra_env)
+            if script_args is None:
+                script_args = []
+            stdout, stderr = self._run_pdb([filename] + script_args, commands, expected_returncode, extra_env)
         finally:
             if homesave is not None:
                 os.environ['HOME'] = homesave
@@ -3164,6 +3442,50 @@ def test_issue26053(self):
         self.assertRegex(res, "Restarting .* with arguments:\na b c")
         self.assertRegex(res, "Restarting .* with arguments:\nd e f")
 
+    def test_issue58956(self):
+        # Set a breakpoint in a function that already exists on the call stack
+        # should enable the trace function for the frame.
+        script = """
+            import bar
+            def foo():
+                ret = bar.bar()
+                pass
+            foo()
+        """
+        commands = """
+            b bar.bar
+            c
+            b main.py:5
+            c
+            p ret
+            quit
+        """
+        bar = """
+            def bar():
+                return 42
+        """
+        with open('bar.py', 'w') as f:
+            f.write(textwrap.dedent(bar))
+        self.addCleanup(os_helper.unlink, 'bar.py')
+        stdout, stderr = self.run_pdb_script(script, commands)
+        lines = stdout.splitlines()
+        self.assertIn('-> pass', lines)
+        self.assertIn('(Pdb) 42', lines)
+
+    def test_step_into_botframe(self):
+        # gh-125422
+        # pdb should not be able to step into the botframe (bdb.py)
+        script = "x = 1"
+        commands = """
+            step
+            step
+            step
+            quit
+        """
+        stdout, _ = self.run_pdb_script(script, commands)
+        self.assertIn("The program finished", stdout)
+        self.assertNotIn("bdb.py", stdout)
+
     def test_pdbrc_basic(self):
         script = textwrap.dedent("""
             a = 1
@@ -3179,6 +3501,7 @@ def test_pdbrc_basic(self):
         stdout, stderr = self.run_pdb_script(script, 'q\n', pdbrc=pdbrc, remove_home=True)
         self.assertNotIn("SyntaxError", stdout)
         self.assertIn("a+8=9", stdout)
+        self.assertIn("-> b = 2", stdout)
 
     def test_pdbrc_empty_line(self):
         """Test that empty lines in .pdbrc are ignored."""
@@ -3276,7 +3599,12 @@ def test_header(self):
         header = 'Nobody expects... blah, blah, blah'
         with ExitStack() as resources:
             resources.enter_context(patch('sys.stdout', stdout))
+            # patch pdb.Pdb.set_trace() to avoid entering the debugger
             resources.enter_context(patch.object(pdb.Pdb, 'set_trace'))
+            # We need to manually clear pdb.Pdb._last_pdb_instance so a
+            # new instance with stdout redirected could be created when
+            # pdb.set_trace() is called.
+            pdb.Pdb._last_pdb_instance = None
             pdb.set_trace(header=header)
         self.assertEqual(stdout.getvalue(), header + '\n')
 
@@ -3310,6 +3638,22 @@ def test_run_module_with_args(self):
         stdout, _ = self._run_pdb(["-m", "calendar", "1"], commands)
         self.assertIn("December", stdout)
 
+        stdout, _ = self._run_pdb(["-m", "calendar", "--type", "text"], commands)
+        self.assertIn("December", stdout)
+
+    def test_run_script_with_args(self):
+        script = """
+            import sys
+            print(sys.argv[1:])
+        """
+        commands = """
+            continue
+            quit
+        """
+
+        stdout, stderr = self.run_pdb_script(script, commands, script_args=["--bar", "foo"])
+        self.assertIn("['--bar', 'foo']", stdout)
+
     def test_breakpoint(self):
         script = """
             if __name__ == '__main__':
@@ -3399,10 +3743,12 @@ def test_file_modified_after_execution(self):
             print("hello")
         """
 
+        # the time.sleep is needed for low-resolution filesystems like HFS+
         commands = """
             filename = $_frame.f_code.co_filename
             f = open(filename, "w")
             f.write("print('goodbye')")
+            import time; time.sleep(1)
             f.close()
             ll
         """
@@ -3411,11 +3757,32 @@ def test_file_modified_after_execution(self):
         self.assertIn("WARNING:", stdout)
         self.assertIn("was edited", stdout)
 
+    def test_file_modified_and_immediately_restarted(self):
+        script = """
+            print("hello")
+        """
+
+        # the time.sleep is needed for low-resolution filesystems like HFS+
+        commands = """
+            filename = $_frame.f_code.co_filename
+            f = open(filename, "w")
+            f.write("print('goodbye')")
+            import time; time.sleep(1)
+            f.close()
+            restart
+        """
+
+        stdout, stderr = self.run_pdb_script(script, commands)
+        self.assertNotIn("WARNING:", stdout)
+        self.assertNotIn("was edited", stdout)
+
     def test_file_modified_after_execution_with_multiple_instances(self):
+        # the time.sleep is needed for low-resolution filesystems like HFS+
         script = """
             import pdb; pdb.Pdb().set_trace()
             with open(__file__, "w") as f:
                 f.write("print('goodbye')\\n" * 5)
+                import time; time.sleep(1)
             import pdb; pdb.Pdb().set_trace()
         """
 
@@ -3475,6 +3842,23 @@ def change_file(content, filename):
         # the file as up to date
         self.assertNotIn("WARNING:", stdout)
 
+    def test_post_mortem_restart(self):
+        script = """
+            def foo():
+                raise ValueError("foo")
+            foo()
+        """
+
+        commands = """
+            continue
+            restart
+            continue
+            quit
+        """
+
+        stdout, stderr = self.run_pdb_script(script, commands)
+        self.assertIn("Restarting", stdout)
+
     def test_relative_imports(self):
         self.module_name = 't_main'
         os_helper.rmtree(self.module_name)
@@ -3729,6 +4113,16 @@ def _create_fake_frozen_module():
         # verify that pdb found the source of the "frozen" function
         self.assertIn('x = "Sentinel string for gh-93696"', stdout, "Sentinel statement not found")
 
+    def test_empty_file(self):
+        script = ''
+        commands = 'q\n'
+        # We check that pdb stopped at line 0, but anything reasonable
+        # is acceptable here, as long as it does not halt
+        stdout, _ = self.run_pdb_script(script, commands)
+        self.assertIn('main.py(0)', stdout)
+        stdout, _ = self.run_pdb_module(script, commands)
+        self.assertIn('__main__.py(0)', stdout)
+
     def test_non_utf8_encoding(self):
         script_dir = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'encoded_modules')
         for filename in os.listdir(script_dir):
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_peepholer.py b/Lib/test/test_peepholer.py
index 6c27ee4db97af3..b143f3d27a1537 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_peepholer.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_peepholer.py
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 import dis
 from itertools import combinations, product
-import opcode
 import sys
 import textwrap
 import unittest
@@ -767,7 +766,7 @@ def test_load_fast_unknown_after_error_2(self):
         def f():
             try:
                 1 / 0
-            except:
+            except ZeroDivisionError:
                 print(a, b, c, d, e, f, g)
             a = b = c = d = e = f = g = 1
         self.assertInBytecode(f, 'LOAD_FAST_CHECK')
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_peg_generator/test_pegen.py b/Lib/test/test_peg_generator/test_pegen.py
index 86db767b99a228..54c9dce2d0c90d 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_peg_generator/test_pegen.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_peg_generator/test_pegen.py
@@ -484,7 +484,7 @@ def test_left_recursive(self) -> None:
 
     def test_python_expr(self) -> None:
         grammar = """
-        start: expr NEWLINE? $ { ast.Expression(expr, lineno=1, col_offset=0) }
+        start: expr NEWLINE? $ { ast.Expression(expr) }
         expr: ( expr '+' term { ast.BinOp(expr, ast.Add(), term, lineno=expr.lineno, col_offset=expr.col_offset, end_lineno=term.end_lineno, end_col_offset=term.end_col_offset) }
             | expr '-' term { ast.BinOp(expr, ast.Sub(), term, lineno=expr.lineno, col_offset=expr.col_offset, end_lineno=term.end_lineno, end_col_offset=term.end_col_offset) }
             | term { term }
@@ -893,7 +893,7 @@ def test_unreachable_implicit3(self) -> None:
 
     def test_locations_in_alt_action_and_group(self) -> None:
         grammar = """
-        start: t=term NEWLINE? $ { ast.Expression(t, LOCATIONS) }
+        start: t=term NEWLINE? $ { ast.Expression(t) }
         term:
             | l=term '*' r=factor { ast.BinOp(l, ast.Mult(), r, LOCATIONS) }
             | l=term '/' r=factor { ast.BinOp(l, ast.Div(), r, LOCATIONS) }
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_perf_profiler.py b/Lib/test/test_perf_profiler.py
index 7c1bbeed168d2e..b55d441759eb69 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_perf_profiler.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_perf_profiler.py
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
 import sysconfig
 import os
 import pathlib
-import shutil
 from test import support
 from test.support.script_helper import (
     make_script,
@@ -63,11 +62,13 @@ def baz():
                 """
         with temp_dir() as script_dir:
             script = make_script(script_dir, "perftest", code)
+            env = {**os.environ, "PYTHON_JIT": "0"}
             with subprocess.Popen(
                 [sys.executable, "-Xperf", script],
                 text=True,
                 stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
                 stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+                env=env,
             ) as process:
                 stdout, stderr = process.communicate()
 
@@ -131,11 +132,13 @@ def baz():
                 """
         with temp_dir() as script_dir:
             script = make_script(script_dir, "perftest", code)
+            env = {**os.environ, "PYTHON_JIT": "0"}
             with subprocess.Popen(
                 [sys.executable, "-Xperf", script],
                 text=True,
                 stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
                 stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+                env=env,
             ) as process:
                 stdout, stderr = process.communicate()
 
@@ -180,11 +183,13 @@ def baz():
                 """
         with temp_dir() as script_dir:
             script = make_script(script_dir, "perftest", code)
+            env = {**os.environ, "PYTHON_JIT": "0"}
             with subprocess.Popen(
                 [sys.executable, script],
                 text=True,
                 stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
                 stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+                env=env,
             ) as process:
                 stdout, stderr = process.communicate()
 
@@ -230,7 +235,7 @@ def is_unwinding_reliable_with_frame_pointers():
     cflags = sysconfig.get_config_var("PY_CORE_CFLAGS")
     if not cflags:
         return False
-    return "no-omit-frame-pointer" in cflags and "_Py_JIT" not in cflags
+    return "no-omit-frame-pointer" in cflags
 
 
 def perf_command_works():
@@ -261,8 +266,9 @@ def perf_command_works():
                 "-c",
                 'print("hello")',
             )
+            env = {**os.environ, "PYTHON_JIT": "0"}
             stdout = subprocess.check_output(
-                cmd, cwd=script_dir, text=True, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT
+                cmd, cwd=script_dir, text=True, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT, env=env
             )
         except (subprocess.SubprocessError, OSError):
             return False
@@ -274,11 +280,10 @@ def perf_command_works():
 
 
 def run_perf(cwd, *args, use_jit=False, **env_vars):
+    env = os.environ.copy()
     if env_vars:
-        env = os.environ.copy()
         env.update(env_vars)
-    else:
-        env = None
+    env["PYTHON_JIT"] = "0"
     output_file = cwd + "/perf_output.perf"
     if not use_jit:
         base_cmd = ("perf", "record", "-g", "--call-graph=fp", "-o", output_file, "--")
@@ -383,6 +388,7 @@ def baz(n):
             self.assertNotIn(f"py::bar:{script}", stdout)
             self.assertNotIn(f"py::baz:{script}", stdout)
 
+
 @unittest.skipUnless(perf_command_works(), "perf command doesn't work")
 @unittest.skipUnless(
     is_unwinding_reliable_with_frame_pointers(),
@@ -446,11 +452,13 @@ def compile_trampolines_for_all_functions():
 
         with temp_dir() as script_dir:
             script = make_script(script_dir, "perftest", code)
+            env = {**os.environ, "PYTHON_JIT": "0"}
             with subprocess.Popen(
                 [sys.executable, "-Xperf", script],
                 universal_newlines=True,
                 stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
                 stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+                env=env,
             ) as process:
                 stdout, stderr = process.communicate()
 
@@ -480,7 +488,7 @@ def compile_trampolines_for_all_functions():
                 self.assertIn(line, child_perf_file_contents)
 
 
-def _is_perf_vesion_at_least(major, minor):
+def _is_perf_version_at_least(major, minor):
     # The output of perf --version looks like "perf version 6.7-3" but
     # it can also be perf version "perf version 5.15.143"
     try:
@@ -495,7 +503,9 @@ def _is_perf_vesion_at_least(major, minor):
 
 
 @unittest.skipUnless(perf_command_works(), "perf command doesn't work")
-@unittest.skipUnless(_is_perf_vesion_at_least(6, 6), "perf command may not work due to a perf bug")
+@unittest.skipUnless(
+    _is_perf_version_at_least(6, 6), "perf command may not work due to a perf bug"
+)
 class TestPerfProfilerWithDwarf(unittest.TestCase, TestPerfProfilerMixin):
     def run_perf(self, script_dir, script, activate_trampoline=True):
         if activate_trampoline:
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_pickle.py b/Lib/test/test_pickle.py
index 19f977971570b7..c84e507cdf645f 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_pickle.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_pickle.py
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 from test.pickletester import AbstractHookTests
 from test.pickletester import AbstractUnpickleTests
+from test.pickletester import AbstractPicklingErrorTests
 from test.pickletester import AbstractPickleTests
 from test.pickletester import AbstractPickleModuleTests
 from test.pickletester import AbstractPersistentPicklerTests
@@ -55,6 +56,18 @@ def loads(self, buf, **kwds):
         return u.load()
 
 
+class PyPicklingErrorTests(AbstractPicklingErrorTests, unittest.TestCase):
+
+    pickler = pickle._Pickler
+
+    def dumps(self, arg, proto=None, **kwargs):
+        f = io.BytesIO()
+        p = self.pickler(f, proto, **kwargs)
+        p.dump(arg)
+        f.seek(0)
+        return bytes(f.read())
+
+
 class PyPicklerTests(AbstractPickleTests, unittest.TestCase):
 
     pickler = pickle._Pickler
@@ -88,6 +101,8 @@ def loads(self, buf, **kwds):
         return pickle.loads(buf, **kwds)
 
     test_framed_write_sizes_with_delayed_writer = None
+    test_find_class = None
+    test_custom_find_class = None
 
 
 class PersistentPicklerUnpicklerMixin(object):
@@ -267,6 +282,9 @@ class CUnpicklerTests(PyUnpicklerTests):
         bad_stack_errors = (pickle.UnpicklingError,)
         truncated_errors = (pickle.UnpicklingError,)
 
+    class CPicklingErrorTests(PyPicklingErrorTests):
+        pickler = _pickle.Pickler
+
     class CPicklerTests(PyPicklerTests):
         pickler = _pickle.Pickler
         unpickler = _pickle.Unpickler
@@ -569,7 +587,7 @@ def test_exceptions(self):
                            EncodingWarning,
                            BaseExceptionGroup,
                            ExceptionGroup,
-                           IncompleteInputError):
+                           _IncompleteInputError):
                     continue
                 if exc is not OSError and issubclass(exc, OSError):
                     self.assertEqual(reverse_mapping('builtins', name),
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_pickletools.py b/Lib/test/test_pickletools.py
index d37af79e878a2e..d8ff7a25cbc4b7 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_pickletools.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_pickletools.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import io
 import pickle
 import pickletools
 from test import support
@@ -62,6 +63,305 @@ def test_optimize_binput_and_memoize(self):
         self.assertNotIn(pickle.BINPUT, pickled2)
 
 
+class SimpleReader:
+    def __init__(self, data):
+        self.data = data
+        self.pos = 0
+
+    def read(self, n):
+        data = self.data[self.pos: self.pos + n]
+        self.pos += n
+        return data
+
+    def readline(self):
+        nl = self.data.find(b'\n', self.pos) + 1
+        if not nl:
+            nl = len(self.data)
+        data = self.data[self.pos: nl]
+        self.pos = nl
+        return data
+
+
+class GenopsTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_genops(self):
+        it = pickletools.genops(b'(I123\nK\x12J\x12\x34\x56\x78t.')
+        self.assertEqual([(item[0].name,) +  item[1:] for item in it], [
+            ('MARK', None, 0),
+            ('INT', 123, 1),
+            ('BININT1', 0x12, 6),
+            ('BININT', 0x78563412, 8),
+            ('TUPLE', None, 13),
+            ('STOP', None, 14),
+        ])
+
+    def test_from_file(self):
+        f = io.BytesIO(b'prefix(I123\nK\x12J\x12\x34\x56\x78t.suffix')
+        self.assertEqual(f.read(6), b'prefix')
+        it = pickletools.genops(f)
+        self.assertEqual([(item[0].name,) +  item[1:] for item in it], [
+            ('MARK', None, 6),
+            ('INT', 123, 7),
+            ('BININT1', 0x12, 12),
+            ('BININT', 0x78563412, 14),
+            ('TUPLE', None, 19),
+            ('STOP', None, 20),
+        ])
+        self.assertEqual(f.read(), b'suffix')
+
+    def test_without_pos(self):
+        f = SimpleReader(b'(I123\nK\x12J\x12\x34\x56\x78t.')
+        it = pickletools.genops(f)
+        self.assertEqual([(item[0].name,) +  item[1:] for item in it], [
+            ('MARK', None, None),
+            ('INT', 123, None),
+            ('BININT1', 0x12, None),
+            ('BININT', 0x78563412, None),
+            ('TUPLE', None, None),
+            ('STOP', None, None),
+        ])
+
+    def test_no_stop(self):
+        it = pickletools.genops(b'N')
+        item = next(it)
+        self.assertEqual(item[0].name, 'NONE')
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError,
+                'pickle exhausted before seeing STOP'):
+            next(it)
+
+    def test_truncated_data(self):
+        it = pickletools.genops(b'I123')
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError,
+                'no newline found when trying to read stringnl'):
+            next(it)
+        it = pickletools.genops(b'J\x12\x34')
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError,
+                'not enough data in stream to read int4'):
+            next(it)
+
+    def test_unknown_opcode(self):
+        it = pickletools.genops(b'N\xff')
+        item = next(it)
+        self.assertEqual(item[0].name, 'NONE')
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError,
+                r"at position 1, opcode b'\\xff' unknown"):
+            next(it)
+
+    def test_unknown_opcode_without_pos(self):
+        f = SimpleReader(b'N\xff')
+        it = pickletools.genops(f)
+        item = next(it)
+        self.assertEqual(item[0].name, 'NONE')
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError,
+                r"at position <unknown>, opcode b'\\xff' unknown"):
+            next(it)
+
+
+class DisTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    maxDiff = None
+
+    def check_dis(self, data, expected, **kwargs):
+        out = io.StringIO()
+        pickletools.dis(data, out=out, **kwargs)
+        self.assertEqual(out.getvalue(), expected)
+
+    def check_dis_error(self, data, expected, expected_error, **kwargs):
+        out = io.StringIO()
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, expected_error):
+            pickletools.dis(data, out=out, **kwargs)
+        self.assertEqual(out.getvalue(), expected)
+
+    def test_mark(self):
+        self.check_dis(b'(N(tl.', '''\
+    0: (    MARK
+    1: N        NONE
+    2: (        MARK
+    3: t            TUPLE      (MARK at 2)
+    4: l        LIST       (MARK at 0)
+    5: .    STOP
+highest protocol among opcodes = 0
+''')
+
+    def test_indentlevel(self):
+        self.check_dis(b'(N(tl.', '''\
+    0: (    MARK
+    1: N      NONE
+    2: (      MARK
+    3: t        TUPLE      (MARK at 2)
+    4: l      LIST       (MARK at 0)
+    5: .    STOP
+highest protocol among opcodes = 0
+''', indentlevel=2)
+
+    def test_mark_without_pos(self):
+        self.check_dis(SimpleReader(b'(N(tl.'), '''\
+(    MARK
+N        NONE
+(        MARK
+t            TUPLE      (MARK at unknown opcode offset)
+l        LIST       (MARK at unknown opcode offset)
+.    STOP
+highest protocol among opcodes = 0
+''')
+
+    def test_no_mark(self):
+        self.check_dis_error(b'Nt.', '''\
+    0: N    NONE
+    1: t    TUPLE
+''', 'no MARK exists on stack')
+
+    def test_put(self):
+        self.check_dis(b'Np0\nq\x01r\x02\x00\x00\x00\x94.', '''\
+    0: N    NONE
+    1: p    PUT        0
+    4: q    BINPUT     1
+    6: r    LONG_BINPUT 2
+   11: \\x94 MEMOIZE    (as 3)
+   12: .    STOP
+highest protocol among opcodes = 4
+''')
+
+    def test_put_redefined(self):
+        self.check_dis(b'Np1\np1\nq\x01r\x01\x00\x00\x00\x94.', '''\
+    0: N    NONE
+    1: p    PUT        1
+    4: p    PUT        1
+    7: q    BINPUT     1
+    9: r    LONG_BINPUT 1
+   14: \\x94 MEMOIZE    (as 1)
+   15: .    STOP
+highest protocol among opcodes = 4
+''')
+
+    def test_put_empty_stack(self):
+        self.check_dis_error(b'p0\n', '''\
+    0: p    PUT        0
+''', "stack is empty -- can't store into memo")
+
+    def test_put_markobject(self):
+        self.check_dis_error(b'(p0\n', '''\
+    0: (    MARK
+    1: p        PUT        0
+''', "can't store markobject in the memo")
+
+    def test_get(self):
+        self.check_dis(b'(Np1\ng1\nh\x01j\x01\x00\x00\x00t.', '''\
+    0: (    MARK
+    1: N        NONE
+    2: p        PUT        1
+    5: g        GET        1
+    8: h        BINGET     1
+   10: j        LONG_BINGET 1
+   15: t        TUPLE      (MARK at 0)
+   16: .    STOP
+highest protocol among opcodes = 1
+''')
+
+    def test_get_without_put(self):
+        self.check_dis_error(b'g1\n.', '''\
+    0: g    GET        1
+''', 'memo key 1 has never been stored into')
+        self.check_dis_error(b'h\x01.', '''\
+    0: h    BINGET     1
+''', 'memo key 1 has never been stored into')
+        self.check_dis_error(b'j\x01\x00\x00\x00.', '''\
+    0: j    LONG_BINGET 1
+''', 'memo key 1 has never been stored into')
+
+    def test_memo(self):
+        memo = {}
+        self.check_dis(b'Np1\n.', '''\
+    0: N    NONE
+    1: p    PUT        1
+    4: .    STOP
+highest protocol among opcodes = 0
+''', memo=memo)
+        self.check_dis(b'g1\n.', '''\
+    0: g    GET        1
+    3: .    STOP
+highest protocol among opcodes = 0
+''', memo=memo)
+
+    def test_mark_pop(self):
+        self.check_dis(b'(N00N.', '''\
+    0: (    MARK
+    1: N        NONE
+    2: 0        POP
+    3: 0        POP        (MARK at 0)
+    4: N    NONE
+    5: .    STOP
+highest protocol among opcodes = 0
+''')
+
+    def test_too_small_stack(self):
+        self.check_dis_error(b'a', '''\
+    0: a    APPEND
+''', 'tries to pop 2 items from stack with only 0 items')
+        self.check_dis_error(b']a', '''\
+    0: ]    EMPTY_LIST
+    1: a    APPEND
+''', 'tries to pop 2 items from stack with only 1 items')
+
+    def test_no_stop(self):
+        self.check_dis_error(b'N', '''\
+    0: N    NONE
+''', 'pickle exhausted before seeing STOP')
+
+    def test_truncated_data(self):
+        self.check_dis_error(b'NI123', '''\
+    0: N    NONE
+''', 'no newline found when trying to read stringnl')
+        self.check_dis_error(b'NJ\x12\x34', '''\
+    0: N    NONE
+''', 'not enough data in stream to read int4')
+
+    def test_unknown_opcode(self):
+        self.check_dis_error(b'N\xff', '''\
+    0: N    NONE
+''', r"at position 1, opcode b'\\xff' unknown")
+
+    def test_stop_not_empty_stack(self):
+        self.check_dis_error(b']N.', '''\
+    0: ]    EMPTY_LIST
+    1: N    NONE
+    2: .    STOP
+highest protocol among opcodes = 1
+''', r'stack not empty after STOP: \[list\]')
+
+    def test_annotate(self):
+        self.check_dis(b'(Nt.', '''\
+    0: (    MARK Push markobject onto the stack.
+    1: N        NONE Push None on the stack.
+    2: t        TUPLE      (MARK at 0) Build a tuple out of the topmost stack slice, after markobject.
+    3: .    STOP                       Stop the unpickling machine.
+highest protocol among opcodes = 0
+''', annotate=1)
+        self.check_dis(b'(Nt.', '''\
+    0: (    MARK            Push markobject onto the stack.
+    1: N        NONE        Push None on the stack.
+    2: t        TUPLE      (MARK at 0) Build a tuple out of the topmost stack slice, after markobject.
+    3: .    STOP                       Stop the unpickling machine.
+highest protocol among opcodes = 0
+''', annotate=20)
+        self.check_dis(b'(((((((ttttttt.', '''\
+    0: (    MARK            Push markobject onto the stack.
+    1: (        MARK        Push markobject onto the stack.
+    2: (            MARK    Push markobject onto the stack.
+    3: (                MARK Push markobject onto the stack.
+    4: (                    MARK Push markobject onto the stack.
+    5: (                        MARK Push markobject onto the stack.
+    6: (                            MARK Push markobject onto the stack.
+    7: t                                TUPLE      (MARK at 6) Build a tuple out of the topmost stack slice, after markobject.
+    8: t                            TUPLE      (MARK at 5) Build a tuple out of the topmost stack slice, after markobject.
+    9: t                        TUPLE      (MARK at 4) Build a tuple out of the topmost stack slice, after markobject.
+   10: t                    TUPLE      (MARK at 3)     Build a tuple out of the topmost stack slice, after markobject.
+   11: t                TUPLE      (MARK at 2)         Build a tuple out of the topmost stack slice, after markobject.
+   12: t            TUPLE      (MARK at 1)             Build a tuple out of the topmost stack slice, after markobject.
+   13: t        TUPLE      (MARK at 0)                 Build a tuple out of the topmost stack slice, after markobject.
+   14: .    STOP                                       Stop the unpickling machine.
+highest protocol among opcodes = 0
+''', annotate=20)
+
+
 class MiscTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     def test__all__(self):
         not_exported = {
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_pkg.py b/Lib/test/test_pkg.py
index eed0fd1c6b73fa..a7a1c2affbe1fb 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_pkg.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_pkg.py
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ def mkhier(self, descr):
     def test_1(self):
         hier = [("t1", None), ("t1 __init__.py", "")]
         self.mkhier(hier)
-        import t1
+        import t1  # noqa: F401
 
     def test_2(self):
         hier = [
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ def test_2(self):
 
         from t2 import sub
         from t2.sub import subsub
-        from t2.sub.subsub import spam
+        from t2.sub.subsub import spam  # noqa: F401
         self.assertEqual(sub.__name__, "t2.sub")
         self.assertEqual(subsub.__name__, "t2.sub.subsub")
         self.assertEqual(sub.subsub.__name__, "t2.sub.subsub")
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_pkgutil.py b/Lib/test/test_pkgutil.py
index d095f440a99f63..ca6927554b053c 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_pkgutil.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_pkgutil.py
@@ -522,7 +522,43 @@ def test_mixed_namespace(self):
         del sys.modules['foo.bar']
         del sys.modules['foo.baz']
 
-    # XXX: test .pkg files
+
+    def test_extend_path_argument_types(self):
+        pkgname = 'foo'
+        dirname_0 = self.create_init(pkgname)
+
+        # If the input path is not a list it is returned unchanged
+        self.assertEqual('notalist', pkgutil.extend_path('notalist', 'foo'))
+        self.assertEqual(('not', 'a', 'list'), pkgutil.extend_path(('not', 'a', 'list'), 'foo'))
+        self.assertEqual(123, pkgutil.extend_path(123, 'foo'))
+        self.assertEqual(None, pkgutil.extend_path(None, 'foo'))
+
+        # Cleanup
+        shutil.rmtree(dirname_0)
+        del sys.path[0]
+
+
+    def test_extend_path_pkg_files(self):
+        pkgname = 'foo'
+        dirname_0 = self.create_init(pkgname)
+
+        with open(os.path.join(dirname_0, 'bar.pkg'), 'w') as pkg_file:
+            pkg_file.write('\n'.join([
+                'baz',
+                '/foo/bar/baz',
+                '',
+                '#comment'
+            ]))
+
+        extended_paths = pkgutil.extend_path(sys.path, 'bar')
+
+        self.assertEqual(extended_paths[:-2], sys.path)
+        self.assertEqual(extended_paths[-2], 'baz')
+        self.assertEqual(extended_paths[-1], '/foo/bar/baz')
+
+        # Cleanup
+        shutil.rmtree(dirname_0)
+        del sys.path[0]
 
 
 class NestedNamespacePackageTest(unittest.TestCase):
@@ -588,8 +624,11 @@ def test_get_loader_handles_missing_spec_attribute(self):
         mod = type(sys)(name)
         del mod.__spec__
         with CleanImport(name):
-            sys.modules[name] = mod
-            loader = pkgutil.get_loader(name)
+            try:
+                sys.modules[name] = mod
+                loader = pkgutil.get_loader(name)
+            finally:
+                sys.modules.pop(name, None)
         self.assertIsNone(loader)
 
     @ignore_warnings(category=DeprecationWarning)
@@ -598,8 +637,11 @@ def test_get_loader_handles_spec_attribute_none(self):
         mod = type(sys)(name)
         mod.__spec__ = None
         with CleanImport(name):
-            sys.modules[name] = mod
-            loader = pkgutil.get_loader(name)
+            try:
+                sys.modules[name] = mod
+                loader = pkgutil.get_loader(name)
+            finally:
+                sys.modules.pop(name, None)
         self.assertIsNone(loader)
 
     @ignore_warnings(category=DeprecationWarning)
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_plistlib.py b/Lib/test/test_plistlib.py
index 001f86f2893f2f..b231b05f864ab9 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_plistlib.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_plistlib.py
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@
 import subprocess
 import binascii
 import collections
-import time
 import zoneinfo
 from test import support
 from test.support import os_helper
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_positional_only_arg.py b/Lib/test/test_positional_only_arg.py
index 1a193814d7535d..eea0625012da6d 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_positional_only_arg.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_positional_only_arg.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 import dis
 import pickle
+import types
 import unittest
 
 from test.support import check_syntax_error
@@ -440,7 +441,9 @@ def f(x: not (int is int), /): ...
         # without constant folding we end up with
         # COMPARE_OP(is), IS_OP (0)
         # with constant folding we should expect a IS_OP (1)
-        codes = [(i.opname, i.argval) for i in dis.get_instructions(g)]
+        code_obj = next(const for const in g.__code__.co_consts
+                        if isinstance(const, types.CodeType) and const.co_name == "__annotate__")
+        codes = [(i.opname, i.argval) for i in dis.get_instructions(code_obj)]
         self.assertNotIn(('UNARY_NOT', None), codes)
         self.assertIn(('IS_OP', 1), codes)
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_posix.py b/Lib/test/test_posix.py
index 908354cb8574d1..35016b83a477fc 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_posix.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_posix.py
@@ -411,8 +411,10 @@ def test_posix_fallocate(self):
             # issue33655: Also ignore EINVAL on *BSD since ZFS is also
             # often used there.
             if inst.errno == errno.EINVAL and sys.platform.startswith(
-                ('sunos', 'freebsd', 'netbsd', 'openbsd', 'gnukfreebsd')):
+                ('sunos', 'freebsd', 'openbsd', 'gnukfreebsd')):
                 raise unittest.SkipTest("test may fail on ZFS filesystems")
+            elif inst.errno == errno.EOPNOTSUPP and sys.platform.startswith("netbsd"):
+                raise unittest.SkipTest("test may fail on FFS filesystems")
             else:
                 raise
         finally:
@@ -1269,7 +1271,7 @@ def test_sched_priority(self):
         self.assertIsInstance(lo, int)
         self.assertIsInstance(hi, int)
         self.assertGreaterEqual(hi, lo)
-        # Apple plaforms return 15 without checking the argument.
+        # Apple platforms return 15 without checking the argument.
         if not is_apple:
             self.assertRaises(OSError, posix.sched_get_priority_min, -23)
             self.assertRaises(OSError, posix.sched_get_priority_max, -23)
@@ -2140,6 +2142,13 @@ def test_stat(self):
             with self.assertRaisesRegex(NotImplementedError, "dir_fd unavailable"):
                 os.stat("file", dir_fd=0)
 
+    def test_ptsname_r(self):
+        self._verify_available("HAVE_PTSNAME_R")
+        if self.mac_ver >= (10, 13, 4):
+            self.assertIn("HAVE_PTSNAME_R", posix._have_functions)
+        else:
+            self.assertNotIn("HAVE_PTSNAME_R", posix._have_functions)
+
     def test_access(self):
         self._verify_available("HAVE_FACCESSAT")
         if self.mac_ver >= (10, 10):
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_posixpath.py b/Lib/test/test_posixpath.py
index 57a24e9c70d5e5..ca5cf42f8fcd71 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_posixpath.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_posixpath.py
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 import unittest
 from posixpath import realpath, abspath, dirname, basename
 from test import test_genericpath
-from test.support import import_helper
+from test.support import get_attribute, import_helper
 from test.support import cpython_only, os_helper
 from test.support.os_helper import FakePath
 from unittest import mock
@@ -359,13 +359,19 @@ def test_expanduser_pwd(self):
                      "no home directory on VxWorks")
     def test_expanduser_pwd2(self):
         pwd = import_helper.import_module('pwd')
-        for e in pwd.getpwall():
-            name = e.pw_name
-            home = e.pw_dir
+        for all_entry in get_attribute(pwd, 'getpwall')():
+            name = all_entry.pw_name
+
+            # gh-121200: pw_dir can be different between getpwall() and
+            # getpwnam(), so use getpwnam() pw_dir as expanduser() does.
+            entry = pwd.getpwnam(name)
+            home = entry.pw_dir
             home = home.rstrip('/') or '/'
-            self.assertEqual(posixpath.expanduser('~' + name), home)
-            self.assertEqual(posixpath.expanduser(os.fsencode('~' + name)),
-                             os.fsencode(home))
+
+            with self.subTest(all_entry=all_entry, entry=entry):
+                self.assertEqual(posixpath.expanduser('~' + name), home)
+                self.assertEqual(posixpath.expanduser(os.fsencode('~' + name)),
+                                 os.fsencode(home))
 
     NORMPATH_CASES = [
         ("", "."),
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_pprint.py b/Lib/test/test_pprint.py
index 4e6fed1ab969ac..dfbc2a06e7346f 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_pprint.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_pprint.py
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
 import pprint
 import random
 import re
-import test.support
 import types
 import unittest
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_print.py b/Lib/test/test_print.py
index 5f1bfd9e30db98..f4805a1d6c6602 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_print.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_print.py
@@ -188,38 +188,6 @@ def test_string_in_loop_on_same_line(self):
         self.assertIn("Missing parentheses in call to 'print'. Did you mean print(...)",
                 str(context.exception))
 
-    def test_stream_redirection_hint_for_py2_migration(self):
-        # Test correct hint produced for Py2 redirection syntax
-        with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as context:
-            print >> sys.stderr, "message"
-        self.assertIn('Did you mean "print(<message>, '
-                'file=<output_stream>)"?', str(context.exception))
-
-        # Test correct hint is produced in the case where RHS implements
-        # __rrshift__ but returns NotImplemented
-        with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as context:
-            print >> 42
-        self.assertIn('Did you mean "print(<message>, '
-                'file=<output_stream>)"?', str(context.exception))
-
-        # Test stream redirection hint is specific to print
-        with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as context:
-            max >> sys.stderr
-        self.assertNotIn('Did you mean ', str(context.exception))
-
-        # Test stream redirection hint is specific to rshift
-        with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as context:
-            print << sys.stderr
-        self.assertNotIn('Did you mean', str(context.exception))
-
-        # Ensure right operand implementing rrshift still works
-        class OverrideRRShift:
-            def __rrshift__(self, lhs):
-                return 42 # Force result independent of LHS
-
-        self.assertEqual(print >> OverrideRRShift(), 42)
-
-
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_property.py b/Lib/test/test_property.py
index 408e64f53142db..cea241b0f200d0 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_property.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_property.py
@@ -438,7 +438,7 @@ def getter3(self):
         self.assertEqual(p2.__doc__, "doc-A")
 
         # Case-3: with no user-provided doc new getter doc
-        #         takes precendence
+        #         takes precedence
         p = property(getter2, None, None, None)
 
         p2 = p.getter(getter3)
@@ -463,6 +463,40 @@ def getter3(self):
         self.assertEqual(p.__doc__, "user")
         self.assertEqual(p2.__doc__, "user")
 
+    @unittest.skipIf(sys.flags.optimize >= 2,
+                     "Docstrings are omitted with -O2 and above")
+    def test_prefer_explicit_doc(self):
+        # Issue 25757: subclasses of property lose docstring
+        self.assertEqual(property(doc="explicit doc").__doc__, "explicit doc")
+        self.assertEqual(PropertySub(doc="explicit doc").__doc__, "explicit doc")
+
+        class Foo:
+            spam = PropertySub(doc="spam explicit doc")
+
+            @spam.getter
+            def spam(self):
+                """ignored as doc already set"""
+                return 1
+
+            def _stuff_getter(self):
+                """ignored as doc set directly"""
+            stuff = PropertySub(doc="stuff doc argument", fget=_stuff_getter)
+
+        #self.assertEqual(Foo.spam.__doc__, "spam explicit doc")
+        self.assertEqual(Foo.stuff.__doc__, "stuff doc argument")
+
+    def test_property_no_doc_on_getter(self):
+        # If a property's getter has no __doc__ then the property's doc should
+        # be None; test that this is consistent with subclasses as well; see
+        # GH-2487
+        class NoDoc:
+            @property
+            def __doc__(self):
+                raise AttributeError
+
+        self.assertEqual(property(NoDoc()).__doc__, None)
+        self.assertEqual(PropertySub(NoDoc()).__doc__, None)
+
     @unittest.skipIf(sys.flags.optimize >= 2,
                      "Docstrings are omitted with -O2 and above")
     def test_property_setter_copies_getter_docstring(self):
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_pyclbr.py b/Lib/test/test_pyclbr.py
index 46206accbafc36..4bf0576586cca5 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_pyclbr.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_pyclbr.py
@@ -78,7 +78,8 @@ def ismethod(oclass, obj, name):
 
             objname = obj.__name__
             if objname.startswith("__") and not objname.endswith("__"):
-                objname = "_%s%s" % (oclass.__name__, objname)
+                if stripped_typename := oclass.__name__.lstrip('_'):
+                    objname = f"_{stripped_typename}{objname}"
             return objname == name
 
         # Make sure the toplevel functions and classes are the same.
@@ -109,14 +110,20 @@ def ismethod(oclass, obj, name):
 
                 actualMethods = []
                 for m in py_item.__dict__.keys():
+                    if m == "__annotate__":
+                        continue
                     if ismethod(py_item, getattr(py_item, m), m):
                         actualMethods.append(m)
-                foundMethods = []
-                for m in value.methods.keys():
-                    if m[:2] == '__' and m[-2:] != '__':
-                        foundMethods.append('_'+name+m)
-                    else:
-                        foundMethods.append(m)
+
+                if stripped_typename := name.lstrip('_'):
+                    foundMethods = []
+                    for m in value.methods.keys():
+                        if m.startswith('__') and not m.endswith('__'):
+                            foundMethods.append(f"_{stripped_typename}{m}")
+                        else:
+                            foundMethods.append(m)
+                else:
+                    foundMethods = list(value.methods.keys())
 
                 try:
                     self.assertListEq(foundMethods, actualMethods, ignore)
@@ -150,8 +157,9 @@ def test_easy(self):
                                             "DocTestCase", '_DocTestSuite'))
         self.checkModule('difflib', ignore=("Match",))
 
-    def test_decorators(self):
-        self.checkModule('test.pyclbr_input', ignore=['om'])
+    def test_cases(self):
+        # see test.pyclbr_input for the rationale behind the ignored symbols
+        self.checkModule('test.pyclbr_input', ignore=['om', 'f'])
 
     def test_nested(self):
         mb = pyclbr
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_pydoc/test_pydoc.py b/Lib/test/test_pydoc/test_pydoc.py
index 381bb0599c170c..5e306a54c0a4ed 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_pydoc/test_pydoc.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_pydoc/test_pydoc.py
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 import types
 import typing
 import unittest
+import unittest.mock
 import urllib.parse
 import xml.etree
 import xml.etree.ElementTree
@@ -30,7 +31,7 @@
 from test.support.script_helper import (assert_python_ok,
                                         assert_python_failure, spawn_python)
 from test.support import threading_helper
-from test.support import (reap_children, captured_output, captured_stdout,
+from test.support import (reap_children, captured_stdout,
                           captured_stderr, is_emscripten, is_wasi,
                           requires_docstrings, MISSING_C_DOCSTRINGS)
 from test.support.os_helper import (TESTFN, rmtree, unlink)
@@ -76,6 +77,11 @@ class A(builtins.object)
      |  __weakref__%s
 
     class B(builtins.object)
+     |  Methods defined here:
+     |
+     |  __annotate__(...)
+     |
+     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
      |  Data descriptors defined here:
      |
      |  __dict__%s
@@ -86,8 +92,6 @@ class B(builtins.object)
      |  Data and other attributes defined here:
      |
      |  NO_MEANING = 'eggs'
-     |
-     |  __annotations__ = {'NO_MEANING': <class 'str'>}
 
     class C(builtins.object)
      |  Methods defined here:
@@ -175,6 +179,9 @@ class A(builtins.object)
             list of weak references to the object
 
 class B(builtins.object)
+    Methods defined here:
+        __annotate__(...)
+    ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     Data descriptors defined here:
         __dict__
             dictionary for instance variables
@@ -183,7 +190,6 @@ class B(builtins.object)
     ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     Data and other attributes defined here:
         NO_MEANING = 'eggs'
-        __annotations__ = {'NO_MEANING': <class 'str'>}
 
 
 class C(builtins.object)
@@ -379,6 +385,11 @@ def html2text(html):
 
 
 class PydocBaseTest(unittest.TestCase):
+    def tearDown(self):
+        # Self-testing. Mocking only works if sys.modules['pydoc'] and pydoc
+        # are the same. But some pydoc functions reload the module and change
+        # sys.modules, so check that it was restored.
+        self.assertIs(sys.modules['pydoc'], pydoc)
 
     def _restricted_walk_packages(self, walk_packages, path=None):
         """
@@ -410,6 +421,8 @@ def call_url_handler(self, url, expected_title):
 
 class PydocDocTest(unittest.TestCase):
     maxDiff = None
+    def tearDown(self):
+        self.assertIs(sys.modules['pydoc'], pydoc)
 
     @unittest.skipIf(hasattr(sys, 'gettrace') and sys.gettrace(),
                      'trace function introduces __locals__ unexpectedly')
@@ -450,6 +463,14 @@ class BinaryInteger(enum.IntEnum):
         doc = pydoc.render_doc(BinaryInteger)
         self.assertIn('BinaryInteger.zero', doc)
 
+    def test_slotted_dataclass_with_field_docs(self):
+        import dataclasses
+        @dataclasses.dataclass(slots=True)
+        class My:
+            x: int = dataclasses.field(doc='Docstring for x')
+        doc = pydoc.render_doc(My)
+        self.assertIn('Docstring for x', doc)
+
     def test_mixed_case_module_names_are_lower_cased(self):
         # issue16484
         doc_link = get_pydoc_link(xml.etree.ElementTree)
@@ -658,16 +679,13 @@ def test_fail_help_output_redirect(self):
 
     @unittest.skipIf(hasattr(sys, 'gettrace') and sys.gettrace(),
                      'trace function introduces __locals__ unexpectedly')
+    @unittest.mock.patch('pydoc.pager')
     @requires_docstrings
-    def test_help_output_redirect(self):
+    def test_help_output_redirect(self, pager_mock):
         # issue 940286, if output is set in Helper, then all output from
         # Helper.help should be redirected
-        getpager_old = pydoc.getpager
-        getpager_new = lambda: (lambda x: x)
         self.maxDiff = None
 
-        buf = StringIO()
-        helper = pydoc.Helper(output=buf)
         unused, doc_loc = get_pydoc_text(pydoc_mod)
         module = "test.test_pydoc.pydoc_mod"
         help_header = """
@@ -677,26 +695,160 @@ def test_help_output_redirect(self):
         help_header = textwrap.dedent(help_header)
         expected_help_pattern = help_header + expected_text_pattern
 
-        pydoc.getpager = getpager_new
-        try:
-            with captured_output('stdout') as output, \
-                 captured_output('stderr') as err:
-                helper.help(module)
+        with captured_stdout() as output, captured_stderr() as err:
+            buf = StringIO()
+            helper = pydoc.Helper(output=buf)
+            helper.help(module)
+            result = buf.getvalue().strip()
+            expected_text = expected_help_pattern % (
+                            (doc_loc,) +
+                            expected_text_data_docstrings +
+                            (inspect.getabsfile(pydoc_mod),))
+            self.assertEqual('', output.getvalue())
+            self.assertEqual('', err.getvalue())
+            self.assertEqual(expected_text, result)
+
+        pager_mock.assert_not_called()
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(hasattr(sys, 'gettrace') and sys.gettrace(),
+                     'trace function introduces __locals__ unexpectedly')
+    @requires_docstrings
+    @unittest.mock.patch('pydoc.pager')
+    def test_help_output_redirect_various_requests(self, pager_mock):
+        # issue 940286, if output is set in Helper, then all output from
+        # Helper.help should be redirected
+
+        def run_pydoc_for_request(request, expected_text_part):
+            """Helper function to run pydoc with its output redirected"""
+            with captured_stdout() as output, captured_stderr() as err:
+                buf = StringIO()
+                helper = pydoc.Helper(output=buf)
+                helper.help(request)
                 result = buf.getvalue().strip()
-                expected_text = expected_help_pattern % (
-                                (doc_loc,) +
-                                expected_text_data_docstrings +
-                                (inspect.getabsfile(pydoc_mod),))
-                self.assertEqual('', output.getvalue())
+                self.assertEqual('', output.getvalue(), msg=f'failed on request "{request}"')
+                self.assertEqual('', err.getvalue(), msg=f'failed on request "{request}"')
+                self.assertIn(expected_text_part, result, msg=f'failed on request "{request}"')
+                pager_mock.assert_not_called()
+
+        self.maxDiff = None
+
+        # test for "keywords"
+        run_pydoc_for_request('keywords', 'Here is a list of the Python keywords.')
+        # test for "symbols"
+        run_pydoc_for_request('symbols', 'Here is a list of the punctuation symbols')
+        # test for "topics"
+        run_pydoc_for_request('topics', 'Here is a list of available topics.')
+        # test for "modules" skipped, see test_modules()
+        # test for symbol "%"
+        run_pydoc_for_request('%', 'The power operator')
+        # test for special True, False, None keywords
+        run_pydoc_for_request('True', 'class bool(int)')
+        run_pydoc_for_request('False', 'class bool(int)')
+        run_pydoc_for_request('None', 'class NoneType(object)')
+        # test for keyword "assert"
+        run_pydoc_for_request('assert', 'The "assert" statement')
+        # test for topic "TYPES"
+        run_pydoc_for_request('TYPES', 'The standard type hierarchy')
+        # test for "pydoc.Helper.help"
+        run_pydoc_for_request('pydoc.Helper.help', 'Help on function help in pydoc.Helper:')
+        # test for pydoc.Helper.help
+        run_pydoc_for_request(pydoc.Helper.help, 'Help on function help in module pydoc:')
+        # test for pydoc.Helper() instance skipped because it is always meant to be interactive
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(hasattr(sys, 'gettrace') and sys.gettrace(),
+                     'trace function introduces __locals__ unexpectedly')
+    @requires_docstrings
+    def test_help_output_pager(self):
+        def run_pydoc_pager(request, what, expected_first_line):
+            with (captured_stdout() as output,
+                  captured_stderr() as err,
+                  unittest.mock.patch('pydoc.pager') as pager_mock,
+                  self.subTest(repr(request))):
+                helper = pydoc.Helper()
+                helper.help(request)
                 self.assertEqual('', err.getvalue())
-                self.assertEqual(expected_text, result)
-        finally:
-            pydoc.getpager = getpager_old
+                self.assertEqual('\n', output.getvalue())
+                pager_mock.assert_called_once()
+                result = clean_text(pager_mock.call_args.args[0])
+                self.assertEqual(result.splitlines()[0], expected_first_line)
+                self.assertEqual(pager_mock.call_args.args[1], f'Help on {what}')
+
+        run_pydoc_pager('%', 'EXPRESSIONS', 'Operator precedence')
+        run_pydoc_pager('True', 'bool object', 'Help on bool object:')
+        run_pydoc_pager(True, 'bool object', 'Help on bool object:')
+        run_pydoc_pager('assert', 'assert', 'The "assert" statement')
+        run_pydoc_pager('TYPES', 'TYPES', 'The standard type hierarchy')
+        run_pydoc_pager('pydoc.Helper.help', 'pydoc.Helper.help',
+                        'Help on function help in pydoc.Helper:')
+        run_pydoc_pager(pydoc.Helper.help, 'Helper.help',
+                        'Help on function help in module pydoc:')
+        run_pydoc_pager('str', 'str', 'Help on class str in module builtins:')
+        run_pydoc_pager(str, 'str', 'Help on class str in module builtins:')
+        run_pydoc_pager('str.upper', 'str.upper',
+                        'Help on method descriptor upper in str:')
+        run_pydoc_pager(str.upper, 'str.upper',
+                        'Help on method descriptor upper:')
+        run_pydoc_pager(''.upper, 'str.upper',
+                        'Help on built-in function upper:')
+        run_pydoc_pager(str.__add__,
+                        'str.__add__', 'Help on method descriptor __add__:')
+        run_pydoc_pager(''.__add__,
+                        'str.__add__', 'Help on method wrapper __add__:')
+        run_pydoc_pager(int.numerator, 'int.numerator',
+                        'Help on getset descriptor builtins.int.numerator:')
+        run_pydoc_pager(list[int], 'list',
+                        'Help on GenericAlias in module builtins:')
+        run_pydoc_pager('sys', 'sys', 'Help on built-in module sys:')
+        run_pydoc_pager(sys, 'sys', 'Help on built-in module sys:')
+
+    def test_showtopic(self):
+        with captured_stdout() as showtopic_io:
+            helper = pydoc.Helper()
+            helper.showtopic('with')
+        helptext = showtopic_io.getvalue()
+        self.assertIn('The "with" statement', helptext)
+
+    def test_fail_showtopic(self):
+        with captured_stdout() as showtopic_io:
+            helper = pydoc.Helper()
+            helper.showtopic('abd')
+            expected = "no documentation found for 'abd'"
+            self.assertEqual(expected, showtopic_io.getvalue().strip())
+
+    @unittest.mock.patch('pydoc.pager')
+    def test_fail_showtopic_output_redirect(self, pager_mock):
+        with StringIO() as buf:
+            helper = pydoc.Helper(output=buf)
+            helper.showtopic("abd")
+            expected = "no documentation found for 'abd'"
+            self.assertEqual(expected, buf.getvalue().strip())
+
+        pager_mock.assert_not_called()
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(hasattr(sys, 'gettrace') and sys.gettrace(),
+                     'trace function introduces __locals__ unexpectedly')
+    @requires_docstrings
+    @unittest.mock.patch('pydoc.pager')
+    def test_showtopic_output_redirect(self, pager_mock):
+        # issue 940286, if output is set in Helper, then all output from
+        # Helper.showtopic should be redirected
+        self.maxDiff = None
+
+        with captured_stdout() as output, captured_stderr() as err:
+            buf = StringIO()
+            helper = pydoc.Helper(output=buf)
+            helper.showtopic('with')
+            result = buf.getvalue().strip()
+            self.assertEqual('', output.getvalue())
+            self.assertEqual('', err.getvalue())
+            self.assertIn('The "with" statement', result)
+
+        pager_mock.assert_not_called()
 
     def test_lambda_with_return_annotation(self):
         func = lambda a, b, c: 1
         func.__annotations__ = {"return": int}
-        with captured_output('stdout') as help_io:
+        with captured_stdout() as help_io:
             pydoc.help(func)
         helptext = help_io.getvalue()
         self.assertIn("lambda (a, b, c) -> int", helptext)
@@ -704,7 +856,7 @@ def test_lambda_with_return_annotation(self):
     def test_lambda_without_return_annotation(self):
         func = lambda a, b, c: 1
         func.__annotations__ = {"a": int, "b": int, "c": int}
-        with captured_output('stdout') as help_io:
+        with captured_stdout() as help_io:
             pydoc.help(func)
         helptext = help_io.getvalue()
         self.assertIn("lambda (a: int, b: int, c: int)", helptext)
@@ -712,7 +864,7 @@ def test_lambda_without_return_annotation(self):
     def test_lambda_with_return_and_params_annotation(self):
         func = lambda a, b, c: 1
         func.__annotations__ = {"a": int, "b": int, "c": int, "return": int}
-        with captured_output('stdout') as help_io:
+        with captured_stdout() as help_io:
             pydoc.help(func)
         helptext = help_io.getvalue()
         self.assertIn("lambda (a: int, b: int, c: int) -> int", helptext)
@@ -921,7 +1073,7 @@ def __init__(self,
 
 class A(builtins.object)
  |  A(
- |      arg1: collections.abc.Callable[[int, int, int], str],
+ |      arg1: Callable[[int, int, int], str],
  |      arg2: Literal['some value', 'other value'],
  |      arg3: Annotated[int, 'some docs about this type']
  |  ) -> None
@@ -930,7 +1082,7 @@ class A(builtins.object)
  |
  |  __init__(
  |      self,
- |      arg1: collections.abc.Callable[[int, int, int], str],
+ |      arg1: Callable[[int, int, int], str],
  |      arg2: Literal['some value', 'other value'],
  |      arg3: Annotated[int, 'some docs about this type']
  |  ) -> None
@@ -957,7 +1109,7 @@ def func(
         self.assertEqual(doc, '''Python Library Documentation: function func in module %s
 
 func(
-    arg1: collections.abc.Callable[[typing.Annotated[int, 'Some doc']], str],
+    arg1: Callable[[Annotated[int, 'Some doc']], str],
     arg2: Literal[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]
 ) -> Annotated[int, 'Some other']
 ''' % __name__)
@@ -1102,7 +1254,8 @@ def test_url_search_package_error(self):
             sys.path.insert(0, TESTFN)
             try:
                 with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, "ouch"):
-                    import test_error_package  # Sanity check
+                    # Sanity check
+                    import test_error_package  # noqa: F401
 
                 text = self.call_url_handler("search?key=test_error_package",
                     "Pydoc: Search Results")
@@ -1154,12 +1307,15 @@ def test_modules_search_builtin(self):
         self.assertTrue(result.startswith(expected))
 
     def test_importfile(self):
-        loaded_pydoc = pydoc.importfile(pydoc.__file__)
+        try:
+            loaded_pydoc = pydoc.importfile(pydoc.__file__)
 
-        self.assertIsNot(loaded_pydoc, pydoc)
-        self.assertEqual(loaded_pydoc.__name__, 'pydoc')
-        self.assertEqual(loaded_pydoc.__file__, pydoc.__file__)
-        self.assertEqual(loaded_pydoc.__spec__, pydoc.__spec__)
+            self.assertIsNot(loaded_pydoc, pydoc)
+            self.assertEqual(loaded_pydoc.__name__, 'pydoc')
+            self.assertEqual(loaded_pydoc.__file__, pydoc.__file__)
+            self.assertEqual(loaded_pydoc.__spec__, pydoc.__spec__)
+        finally:
+            sys.modules['pydoc'] = pydoc
 
 
 class Rect:
@@ -1174,6 +1330,8 @@ class Square(Rect):
 
 
 class TestDescriptions(unittest.TestCase):
+    def tearDown(self):
+        self.assertIs(sys.modules['pydoc'], pydoc)
 
     def test_module(self):
         # Check that pydocfodder module can be described
@@ -1236,8 +1394,8 @@ def foo(data: typing.List[typing.Any],
         T = typing.TypeVar('T')
         class C(typing.Generic[T], typing.Mapping[int, str]): ...
         self.assertEqual(pydoc.render_doc(foo).splitlines()[-1],
-                         'f\x08fo\x08oo\x08o(data: List[Any], x: int)'
-                         ' -> Iterator[Tuple[int, Any]]')
+                         'f\x08fo\x08oo\x08o(data: typing.List[typing.Any], x: int)'
+                         ' -> typing.Iterator[typing.Tuple[int, typing.Any]]')
         self.assertEqual(pydoc.render_doc(C).splitlines()[2],
                          'class C\x08C(collections.abc.Mapping, typing.Generic)')
 
@@ -1660,6 +1818,8 @@ def a_fn_with_https_link():
 
 
 class PydocFodderTest(unittest.TestCase):
+    def tearDown(self):
+        self.assertIs(sys.modules['pydoc'], pydoc)
 
     def getsection(self, text, beginline, endline):
         lines = text.splitlines()
@@ -1799,6 +1959,8 @@ def test_html_doc_routines_in_module(self):
 )
 class PydocServerTest(unittest.TestCase):
     """Tests for pydoc._start_server"""
+    def tearDown(self):
+        self.assertIs(sys.modules['pydoc'], pydoc)
 
     def test_server(self):
         # Minimal test that starts the server, checks that it works, then stops
@@ -1861,9 +2023,14 @@ def test_url_requests(self):
             ("foobar", "Pydoc: Error - foobar"),
             ]
 
-        with self.restrict_walk_packages():
-            for url, title in requests:
-                self.call_url_handler(url, title)
+        self.assertIs(sys.modules['pydoc'], pydoc)
+        try:
+            with self.restrict_walk_packages():
+                for url, title in requests:
+                    self.call_url_handler(url, title)
+        finally:
+            # Some requests reload the module and change sys.modules.
+            sys.modules['pydoc'] = pydoc
 
 
 class TestHelper(unittest.TestCase):
@@ -1873,6 +2040,9 @@ def test_keywords(self):
 
 
 class PydocWithMetaClasses(unittest.TestCase):
+    def tearDown(self):
+        self.assertIs(sys.modules['pydoc'], pydoc)
+
     @unittest.skipIf(hasattr(sys, 'gettrace') and sys.gettrace(),
                      'trace function introduces __locals__ unexpectedly')
     @requires_docstrings
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_pyrepl/support.py b/Lib/test/test_pyrepl/support.py
index 70e12286f7d781..672d4896c92283 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_pyrepl/support.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_pyrepl/support.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import os
 from code import InteractiveConsole
 from functools import partial
 from typing import Iterable
@@ -38,6 +39,20 @@ def code_to_events(code: str):
         yield Event(evt="key", data=c, raw=bytearray(c.encode("utf-8")))
 
 
+def clean_screen(screen: Iterable[str]):
+    """Cleans color and console characters out of a screen output.
+
+    This is useful for screen testing, it increases the test readability since
+    it strips out all the unreadable side of the screen.
+    """
+    output = []
+    for line in screen:
+        if line.startswith(">>>") or line.startswith("..."):
+            line = line[3:]
+        output.append(line)
+    return "\n".join(output).strip()
+
+
 def prepare_reader(console: Console, **kwargs):
     config = ReadlineConfig(readline_completer=kwargs.pop("readline_completer", None))
     reader = ReadlineAlikeReader(console=console, config=config)
@@ -86,8 +101,18 @@ def handle_all_events(
 )
 
 
+def make_clean_env() -> dict[str, str]:
+    clean_env = os.environ.copy()
+    for k in clean_env.copy():
+        if k.startswith("PYTHON"):
+            clean_env.pop(k)
+    clean_env.pop("FORCE_COLOR", None)
+    clean_env.pop("NO_COLOR", None)
+    return clean_env
+
+
 class FakeConsole(Console):
-    def __init__(self, events, encoding="utf-8"):
+    def __init__(self, events, encoding="utf-8") -> None:
         self.events = iter(events)
         self.encoding = encoding
         self.screen = []
@@ -136,8 +161,8 @@ def flushoutput(self) -> None:
     def forgetinput(self) -> None:
         pass
 
-    def wait(self) -> None:
-        pass
+    def wait(self, timeout: float | None = None) -> bool:
+        return True
 
     def repaint(self) -> None:
         pass
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_pyrepl/test_interact.py b/Lib/test/test_pyrepl/test_interact.py
index df97b1354a168e..e0ee310e2c4dbc 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_pyrepl/test_interact.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_pyrepl/test_interact.py
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 from test.support import force_not_colorized
 
 from _pyrepl.console import InteractiveColoredConsole
-
+from _pyrepl.simple_interact import _more_lines
 
 class TestSimpleInteract(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_multiple_statements(self):
@@ -88,6 +88,20 @@ def test_runsource_returns_false_for_failed_compilation(self):
         self.assertFalse(result)
         self.assertIn('SyntaxError', f.getvalue())
 
+    @force_not_colorized
+    def test_runsource_show_syntax_error_location(self):
+        console = InteractiveColoredConsole()
+        source = "def f(x, x): ..."
+        f = io.StringIO()
+        with contextlib.redirect_stderr(f):
+            result = console.runsource(source)
+        self.assertFalse(result)
+        r = """
+    def f(x, x): ...
+             ^
+SyntaxError: duplicate argument 'x' in function definition"""
+        self.assertIn(r, f.getvalue())
+
     def test_runsource_shows_syntax_error_for_failed_compilation(self):
         console = InteractiveColoredConsole()
         source = "print('Hello, world!'"
@@ -103,11 +117,146 @@ def test_runsource_shows_syntax_error_for_failed_compilation(self):
             console.runsource(source)
             mock_showsyntaxerror.assert_called_once()
 
+    def test_runsource_survives_null_bytes(self):
+        console = InteractiveColoredConsole()
+        source = "\x00\n"
+        f = io.StringIO()
+        with contextlib.redirect_stdout(f), contextlib.redirect_stderr(f):
+            result = console.runsource(source)
+        self.assertFalse(result)
+        self.assertIn("source code string cannot contain null bytes", f.getvalue())
+
     def test_no_active_future(self):
         console = InteractiveColoredConsole()
-        source = "x: int = 1; print(__annotations__)"
+        source = dedent("""\
+        x: int = 1
+        print(__annotate__(1))
+        """)
         f = io.StringIO()
         with contextlib.redirect_stdout(f):
             result = console.runsource(source)
         self.assertFalse(result)
         self.assertEqual(f.getvalue(), "{'x': <class 'int'>}\n")
+
+    def test_future_annotations(self):
+        console = InteractiveColoredConsole()
+        source = dedent("""\
+        from __future__ import annotations
+        def g(x: int): ...
+        print(g.__annotations__)
+        """)
+        f = io.StringIO()
+        with contextlib.redirect_stdout(f):
+            result = console.runsource(source)
+        self.assertFalse(result)
+        self.assertEqual(f.getvalue(), "{'x': 'int'}\n")
+
+    def test_future_barry_as_flufl(self):
+        console = InteractiveColoredConsole()
+        f = io.StringIO()
+        with contextlib.redirect_stdout(f):
+            result = console.runsource("from __future__ import barry_as_FLUFL\n")
+            result = console.runsource("""print("black" <> 'blue')\n""")
+        self.assertFalse(result)
+        self.assertEqual(f.getvalue(), "True\n")
+
+
+class TestMoreLines(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_invalid_syntax_single_line(self):
+        namespace = {}
+        code = "if foo"
+        console = InteractiveColoredConsole(namespace, filename="<stdin>")
+        self.assertFalse(_more_lines(console, code))
+
+    def test_empty_line(self):
+        namespace = {}
+        code = ""
+        console = InteractiveColoredConsole(namespace, filename="<stdin>")
+        self.assertFalse(_more_lines(console, code))
+
+    def test_valid_single_statement(self):
+        namespace = {}
+        code = "foo = 1"
+        console = InteractiveColoredConsole(namespace, filename="<stdin>")
+        self.assertFalse(_more_lines(console, code))
+
+    def test_multiline_single_assignment(self):
+        namespace = {}
+        code = dedent("""\
+        foo = [
+            1,
+            2,
+            3,
+        ]""")
+        console = InteractiveColoredConsole(namespace, filename="<stdin>")
+        self.assertFalse(_more_lines(console, code))
+
+    def test_multiline_single_block(self):
+        namespace = {}
+        code = dedent("""\
+        def foo():
+            '''docs'''
+
+            return 1""")
+        console = InteractiveColoredConsole(namespace, filename="<stdin>")
+        self.assertTrue(_more_lines(console, code))
+
+    def test_multiple_statements_single_line(self):
+        namespace = {}
+        code = "foo = 1;bar = 2"
+        console = InteractiveColoredConsole(namespace, filename="<stdin>")
+        self.assertFalse(_more_lines(console, code))
+
+    def test_multiple_statements(self):
+        namespace = {}
+        code = dedent("""\
+        import time
+
+        foo = 1""")
+        console = InteractiveColoredConsole(namespace, filename="<stdin>")
+        self.assertTrue(_more_lines(console, code))
+
+    def test_multiple_blocks(self):
+        namespace = {}
+        code = dedent("""\
+        from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+        @dataclass
+        class Point:
+            x: float
+            y: float""")
+        console = InteractiveColoredConsole(namespace, filename="<stdin>")
+        self.assertTrue(_more_lines(console, code))
+
+    def test_multiple_blocks_empty_newline(self):
+        namespace = {}
+        code = dedent("""\
+        from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+        @dataclass
+        class Point:
+            x: float
+            y: float
+        """)
+        console = InteractiveColoredConsole(namespace, filename="<stdin>")
+        self.assertFalse(_more_lines(console, code))
+
+    def test_multiple_blocks_indented_newline(self):
+        namespace = {}
+        code = (
+            "from dataclasses import dataclass\n"
+            "\n"
+            "@dataclass\n"
+            "class Point:\n"
+            "    x: float\n"
+            "    y: float\n"
+            "    "
+        )
+        console = InteractiveColoredConsole(namespace, filename="<stdin>")
+        self.assertFalse(_more_lines(console, code))
+
+    def test_incomplete_statement(self):
+        namespace = {}
+        code = "if foo:"
+        console = InteractiveColoredConsole(namespace, filename="<stdin>")
+        self.assertTrue(_more_lines(console, code))
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_pyrepl/test_pyrepl.py b/Lib/test/test_pyrepl/test_pyrepl.py
index 45114e7315749f..f29a7ffbd7cafd 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_pyrepl/test_pyrepl.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_pyrepl/test_pyrepl.py
@@ -1,9 +1,19 @@
-import itertools
 import io
+import itertools
 import os
+import pathlib
+import re
 import rlcompleter
-from unittest import TestCase
+import select
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import tempfile
+from unittest import TestCase, skipUnless, skipIf
 from unittest.mock import patch
+from test.support import force_not_colorized
+from test.support import SHORT_TIMEOUT
+from test.support.import_helper import import_module
+from test.support.os_helper import unlink
 
 from .support import (
     FakeConsole,
@@ -12,11 +22,106 @@
     more_lines,
     multiline_input,
     code_to_events,
+    clean_screen,
+    make_clean_env,
 )
 from _pyrepl.console import Event
-from _pyrepl.readline import ReadlineAlikeReader, ReadlineConfig
+from _pyrepl.readline import (ReadlineAlikeReader, ReadlineConfig,
+                              _ReadlineWrapper)
 from _pyrepl.readline import multiline_input as readline_multiline_input
 
+try:
+    import pty
+except ImportError:
+    pty = None
+
+
+class ReplTestCase(TestCase):
+    def run_repl(
+        self,
+        repl_input: str | list[str],
+        env: dict | None = None,
+        *,
+        cmdline_args: list[str] | None = None,
+        cwd: str | None = None,
+    ) -> tuple[str, int]:
+        temp_dir = None
+        if cwd is None:
+            temp_dir = tempfile.TemporaryDirectory(ignore_cleanup_errors=True)
+            cwd = temp_dir.name
+        try:
+            return self._run_repl(
+                repl_input, env=env, cmdline_args=cmdline_args, cwd=cwd
+            )
+        finally:
+            if temp_dir is not None:
+                temp_dir.cleanup()
+
+    def _run_repl(
+        self,
+        repl_input: str | list[str],
+        *,
+        env: dict | None,
+        cmdline_args: list[str] | None,
+        cwd: str,
+    ) -> tuple[str, int]:
+        assert pty
+        master_fd, slave_fd = pty.openpty()
+        cmd = [sys.executable, "-i", "-u"]
+        if env is None:
+            cmd.append("-I")
+        elif "PYTHON_HISTORY" not in env:
+            env["PYTHON_HISTORY"] = os.path.join(cwd, ".regrtest_history")
+        if cmdline_args is not None:
+            cmd.extend(cmdline_args)
+
+        try:
+            import termios
+        except ModuleNotFoundError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            term_attr = termios.tcgetattr(slave_fd)
+            term_attr[6][termios.VREPRINT] = 0  # pass through CTRL-R
+            term_attr[6][termios.VINTR] = 0  # pass through CTRL-C
+            termios.tcsetattr(slave_fd, termios.TCSANOW, term_attr)
+
+        process = subprocess.Popen(
+            cmd,
+            stdin=slave_fd,
+            stdout=slave_fd,
+            stderr=slave_fd,
+            cwd=cwd,
+            text=True,
+            close_fds=True,
+            env=env if env else os.environ,
+        )
+        os.close(slave_fd)
+        if isinstance(repl_input, list):
+            repl_input = "\n".join(repl_input) + "\n"
+        os.write(master_fd, repl_input.encode("utf-8"))
+
+        output = []
+        while select.select([master_fd], [], [], SHORT_TIMEOUT)[0]:
+            try:
+                data = os.read(master_fd, 1024).decode("utf-8")
+                if not data:
+                    break
+            except OSError:
+                break
+            output.append(data)
+        else:
+            os.close(master_fd)
+            process.kill()
+            self.fail(f"Timeout while waiting for output, got: {''.join(output)}")
+
+        os.close(master_fd)
+        try:
+            exit_code = process.wait(timeout=SHORT_TIMEOUT)
+        except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
+            process.kill()
+            exit_code = process.wait()
+        return "".join(output), exit_code
+
 
 class TestCursorPosition(TestCase):
     def prepare_reader(self, events):
@@ -449,6 +554,24 @@ def test_auto_indent_with_comment(self):
         output = multiline_input(reader)
         self.assertEqual(output, output_code)
 
+    def test_auto_indent_with_multicomment(self):
+        # fmt: off
+        events = code_to_events(
+            "def f():  ## foo\n"
+                "pass\n\n"
+        )
+
+        output_code = (
+            "def f():  ## foo\n"
+            "    pass\n"
+            "    "
+        )
+        # fmt: on
+
+        reader = self.prepare_reader(events)
+        output = multiline_input(reader)
+        self.assertEqual(output, output_code)
+
     def test_auto_indent_ignore_comments(self):
         # fmt: off
         events = code_to_events(
@@ -470,13 +593,40 @@ def prepare_reader(self, events):
         console = FakeConsole(events)
         config = ReadlineConfig(readline_completer=None)
         reader = ReadlineAlikeReader(console=console, config=config)
+        reader.can_colorize = False
         return reader
 
+    def test_stdin_is_tty(self):
+        # Used during test log analysis to figure out if a TTY was available.
+        try:
+            if os.isatty(sys.stdin.fileno()):
+                return
+        except OSError as ose:
+            self.skipTest(f"stdin tty check failed: {ose}")
+        else:
+            self.skipTest("stdin is not a tty")
+
+    def test_stdout_is_tty(self):
+        # Used during test log analysis to figure out if a TTY was available.
+        try:
+            if os.isatty(sys.stdout.fileno()):
+                return
+        except OSError as ose:
+            self.skipTest(f"stdout tty check failed: {ose}")
+        else:
+            self.skipTest("stdout is not a tty")
+
     def test_basic(self):
         reader = self.prepare_reader(code_to_events("1+1\n"))
 
         output = multiline_input(reader)
         self.assertEqual(output, "1+1")
+        self.assertEqual(clean_screen(reader.screen), "1+1")
+
+    def test_get_line_buffer_returns_str(self):
+        reader = self.prepare_reader(code_to_events("\n"))
+        wrapper = _ReadlineWrapper(f_in=None, f_out=None, reader=reader)
+        self.assertIs(type(wrapper.get_line_buffer()), str)
 
     def test_multiline_edit(self):
         events = itertools.chain(
@@ -506,8 +656,10 @@ def test_multiline_edit(self):
 
         output = multiline_input(reader)
         self.assertEqual(output, "def f():\n    ...\n    ")
+        self.assertEqual(clean_screen(reader.screen), "def f():\n    ...")
         output = multiline_input(reader)
         self.assertEqual(output, "def g():\n    pass\n    ")
+        self.assertEqual(clean_screen(reader.screen), "def g():\n    pass")
 
     def test_history_navigation_with_up_arrow(self):
         events = itertools.chain(
@@ -526,12 +678,40 @@ def test_history_navigation_with_up_arrow(self):
 
         output = multiline_input(reader)
         self.assertEqual(output, "1+1")
+        self.assertEqual(clean_screen(reader.screen), "1+1")
         output = multiline_input(reader)
         self.assertEqual(output, "2+2")
+        self.assertEqual(clean_screen(reader.screen), "2+2")
         output = multiline_input(reader)
         self.assertEqual(output, "2+2")
+        self.assertEqual(clean_screen(reader.screen), "2+2")
         output = multiline_input(reader)
         self.assertEqual(output, "1+1")
+        self.assertEqual(clean_screen(reader.screen), "1+1")
+
+    def test_history_with_multiline_entries(self):
+        code = "def foo():\nx = 1\ny = 2\nz = 3\n\ndef bar():\nreturn 42\n\n"
+        events = list(itertools.chain(
+            code_to_events(code),
+            [
+                Event(evt="key", data="up", raw=bytearray(b"\x1bOA")),
+                Event(evt="key", data="up", raw=bytearray(b"\x1bOA")),
+                Event(evt="key", data="up", raw=bytearray(b"\x1bOA")),
+                Event(evt="key", data="\n", raw=bytearray(b"\n")),
+                Event(evt="key", data="\n", raw=bytearray(b"\n")),
+            ]
+        ))
+
+        reader = self.prepare_reader(events)
+        output = multiline_input(reader)
+        output = multiline_input(reader)
+        output = multiline_input(reader)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            clean_screen(reader.screen),
+            'def foo():\n    x = 1\n    y = 2\n    z = 3'
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(output, "def foo():\n    x = 1\n    y = 2\n    z = 3\n    ")
+
 
     def test_history_navigation_with_down_arrow(self):
         events = itertools.chain(
@@ -549,6 +729,7 @@ def test_history_navigation_with_down_arrow(self):
 
         output = multiline_input(reader)
         self.assertEqual(output, "1+1")
+        self.assertEqual(clean_screen(reader.screen), "1+1")
 
     def test_history_search(self):
         events = itertools.chain(
@@ -565,18 +746,62 @@ def test_history_search(self):
 
         output = multiline_input(reader)
         self.assertEqual(output, "1+1")
+        self.assertEqual(clean_screen(reader.screen), "1+1")
         output = multiline_input(reader)
         self.assertEqual(output, "2+2")
+        self.assertEqual(clean_screen(reader.screen), "2+2")
         output = multiline_input(reader)
         self.assertEqual(output, "3+3")
+        self.assertEqual(clean_screen(reader.screen), "3+3")
         output = multiline_input(reader)
         self.assertEqual(output, "1+1")
+        self.assertEqual(clean_screen(reader.screen), "1+1")
 
     def test_control_character(self):
         events = code_to_events("c\x1d\n")
         reader = self.prepare_reader(events)
         output = multiline_input(reader)
         self.assertEqual(output, "c\x1d")
+        self.assertEqual(clean_screen(reader.screen), "c")
+
+    def test_history_search_backward(self):
+        # Test <page up> history search backward with "imp" input
+        events = itertools.chain(
+            code_to_events("import os\n"),
+            code_to_events("imp"),
+            [
+                Event(evt='key', data='page up', raw=bytearray(b'\x1b[5~')),
+                Event(evt="key", data="\n", raw=bytearray(b"\n")),
+            ],
+        )
+
+        # fill the history
+        reader = self.prepare_reader(events)
+        multiline_input(reader)
+
+        # search for "imp" in history
+        output = multiline_input(reader)
+        self.assertEqual(output, "import os")
+        self.assertEqual(clean_screen(reader.screen), "import os")
+
+    def test_history_search_backward_empty(self):
+        # Test <page up> history search backward with an empty input
+        events = itertools.chain(
+            code_to_events("import os\n"),
+            [
+                Event(evt='key', data='page up', raw=bytearray(b'\x1b[5~')),
+                Event(evt="key", data="\n", raw=bytearray(b"\n")),
+            ],
+        )
+
+        # fill the history
+        reader = self.prepare_reader(events)
+        multiline_input(reader)
+
+        # search backward in history
+        output = multiline_input(reader)
+        self.assertEqual(output, "import os")
+        self.assertEqual(clean_screen(reader.screen), "import os")
 
 
 class TestPyReplCompleter(TestCase):
@@ -828,3 +1053,294 @@ def test_bracketed_paste_single_line(self):
         reader = self.prepare_reader(events)
         output = multiline_input(reader)
         self.assertEqual(output, input_code)
+
+
+@skipUnless(pty, "requires pty")
+class TestDumbTerminal(ReplTestCase):
+    def test_dumb_terminal_exits_cleanly(self):
+        env = os.environ.copy()
+        env.update({"TERM": "dumb"})
+        output, exit_code = self.run_repl("exit()\n", env=env)
+        self.assertEqual(exit_code, 0)
+        self.assertIn("warning: can't use pyrepl", output)
+        self.assertNotIn("Exception", output)
+        self.assertNotIn("Traceback", output)
+
+
+@skipUnless(pty, "requires pty")
+@skipIf((os.environ.get("TERM") or "dumb") == "dumb", "can't use pyrepl in dumb terminal")
+class TestMain(ReplTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        # Cleanup from PYTHON* variables to isolate from local
+        # user settings, see #121359.  Such variables should be
+        # added later in test methods to patched os.environ.
+        patcher = patch('os.environ', new=make_clean_env())
+        self.addCleanup(patcher.stop)
+        patcher.start()
+
+    @force_not_colorized
+    def test_exposed_globals_in_repl(self):
+        pre = "['__builtins__'"
+        post = "'__loader__', '__name__', '__package__', '__spec__']"
+        output, exit_code = self.run_repl(["sorted(dir())", "exit()"])
+        if "can't use pyrepl" in output:
+            self.skipTest("pyrepl not available")
+        self.assertEqual(exit_code, 0)
+
+        # if `__main__` is not a file (impossible with pyrepl)
+        case1 = f"{pre}, '__doc__', {post}" in output
+
+        # if `__main__` is an uncached .py file (no .pyc)
+        case2 = f"{pre}, '__doc__', '__file__', {post}" in output
+
+        # if `__main__` is a cached .pyc file and the .py source exists
+        case3 = f"{pre}, '__cached__', '__doc__', '__file__', {post}" in output
+
+        # if `__main__` is a cached .pyc file but there's no .py source file
+        case4 = f"{pre}, '__cached__', '__doc__', {post}" in output
+
+        self.assertTrue(case1 or case2 or case3 or case4, output)
+
+    def _assertMatchOK(
+            self, var: str, expected: str | re.Pattern, actual: str
+    ) -> None:
+        if isinstance(expected, re.Pattern):
+            self.assertTrue(
+                expected.match(actual),
+                f"{var}={actual} does not match {expected.pattern}",
+            )
+        else:
+            self.assertEqual(
+                actual,
+                expected,
+                f"expected {var}={expected}, got {var}={actual}",
+            )
+
+    @force_not_colorized
+    def _run_repl_globals_test(self, expectations, *, as_file=False, as_module=False):
+        clean_env = make_clean_env()
+        clean_env["NO_COLOR"] = "1"  # force_not_colorized doesn't touch subprocesses
+
+        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as td:
+            blue = pathlib.Path(td) / "blue"
+            blue.mkdir()
+            mod = blue / "calx.py"
+            mod.write_text("FOO = 42", encoding="utf-8")
+            commands = [
+                "print(f'^{" + var + "=}')" for var in expectations
+            ] + ["exit()"]
+            if as_file and as_module:
+                self.fail("as_file and as_module are mutually exclusive")
+            elif as_file:
+                output, exit_code = self.run_repl(
+                    commands,
+                    cmdline_args=[str(mod)],
+                    env=clean_env,
+                )
+            elif as_module:
+                output, exit_code = self.run_repl(
+                    commands,
+                    cmdline_args=["-m", "blue.calx"],
+                    env=clean_env,
+                    cwd=td,
+                )
+            else:
+                self.fail("Choose one of as_file or as_module")
+
+        if "can't use pyrepl" in output:
+            self.skipTest("pyrepl not available")
+
+        self.assertEqual(exit_code, 0)
+        for var, expected in expectations.items():
+            with self.subTest(var=var, expected=expected):
+                if m := re.search(rf"\^{var}=(.+?)[\r\n]", output):
+                    self._assertMatchOK(var, expected, actual=m.group(1))
+                else:
+                    self.fail(f"{var}= not found in output: {output!r}\n\n{output}")
+
+        self.assertNotIn("Exception", output)
+        self.assertNotIn("Traceback", output)
+
+    def test_inspect_keeps_globals_from_inspected_file(self):
+        expectations = {
+            "FOO": "42",
+            "__name__": "'__main__'",
+            "__package__": "None",
+            # "__file__" is missing in -i, like in the basic REPL
+        }
+        self._run_repl_globals_test(expectations, as_file=True)
+
+    def test_inspect_keeps_globals_from_inspected_module(self):
+        expectations = {
+            "FOO": "42",
+            "__name__": "'__main__'",
+            "__package__": "'blue'",
+            "__file__": re.compile(r"^'.*calx.py'$"),
+        }
+        self._run_repl_globals_test(expectations, as_module=True)
+
+    @force_not_colorized
+    def test_python_basic_repl(self):
+        env = os.environ.copy()
+        commands = ("from test.support import initialized_with_pyrepl\n"
+                    "initialized_with_pyrepl()\n"
+                    "exit()\n")
+
+        env.pop("PYTHON_BASIC_REPL", None)
+        output, exit_code = self.run_repl(commands, env=env)
+        if "can\'t use pyrepl" in output:
+            self.skipTest("pyrepl not available")
+        self.assertEqual(exit_code, 0)
+        self.assertIn("True", output)
+        self.assertNotIn("False", output)
+        self.assertNotIn("Exception", output)
+        self.assertNotIn("Traceback", output)
+
+        env["PYTHON_BASIC_REPL"] = "1"
+        output, exit_code = self.run_repl(commands, env=env)
+        self.assertEqual(exit_code, 0)
+        self.assertIn("False", output)
+        self.assertNotIn("True", output)
+        self.assertNotIn("Exception", output)
+        self.assertNotIn("Traceback", output)
+
+        # The site module must not load _pyrepl if PYTHON_BASIC_REPL is set
+        commands = ("import sys\n"
+                    "print('_pyrepl' in sys.modules)\n"
+                    "exit()\n")
+        env["PYTHON_BASIC_REPL"] = "1"
+        output, exit_code = self.run_repl(commands, env=env)
+        self.assertEqual(exit_code, 0)
+        self.assertIn("False", output)
+        self.assertNotIn("True", output)
+        self.assertNotIn("Exception", output)
+        self.assertNotIn("Traceback", output)
+
+    @force_not_colorized
+    def test_bad_sys_excepthook_doesnt_crash_pyrepl(self):
+        env = os.environ.copy()
+        commands = ("import sys\n"
+                    "sys.excepthook = 1\n"
+                    "1/0\n"
+                    "exit()\n")
+
+        def check(output, exitcode):
+            self.assertIn("Error in sys.excepthook:", output)
+            self.assertEqual(output.count("'int' object is not callable"), 1)
+            self.assertIn("Original exception was:", output)
+            self.assertIn("division by zero", output)
+            self.assertEqual(exitcode, 0)
+        env.pop("PYTHON_BASIC_REPL", None)
+        output, exit_code = self.run_repl(commands, env=env)
+        if "can\'t use pyrepl" in output:
+            self.skipTest("pyrepl not available")
+        check(output, exit_code)
+
+        env["PYTHON_BASIC_REPL"] = "1"
+        output, exit_code = self.run_repl(commands, env=env)
+        check(output, exit_code)
+
+    def test_not_wiping_history_file(self):
+        # skip, if readline module is not available
+        import_module('readline')
+
+        hfile = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(delete=False)
+        self.addCleanup(unlink, hfile.name)
+        env = os.environ.copy()
+        env["PYTHON_HISTORY"] = hfile.name
+        commands = "123\nspam\nexit()\n"
+
+        env.pop("PYTHON_BASIC_REPL", None)
+        output, exit_code = self.run_repl(commands, env=env)
+        self.assertEqual(exit_code, 0)
+        self.assertIn("123", output)
+        self.assertIn("spam", output)
+        self.assertNotEqual(pathlib.Path(hfile.name).stat().st_size, 0)
+
+        hfile.file.truncate()
+        hfile.close()
+
+        env["PYTHON_BASIC_REPL"] = "1"
+        output, exit_code = self.run_repl(commands, env=env)
+        self.assertEqual(exit_code, 0)
+        self.assertIn("123", output)
+        self.assertIn("spam", output)
+        self.assertNotEqual(pathlib.Path(hfile.name).stat().st_size, 0)
+
+    @force_not_colorized
+    def test_correct_filename_in_syntaxerrors(self):
+        env = os.environ.copy()
+        commands = "a b c\nexit()\n"
+        output, exit_code = self.run_repl(commands, env=env)
+        if "can't use pyrepl" in output:
+            self.skipTest("pyrepl not available")
+        self.assertIn("SyntaxError: invalid syntax", output)
+        self.assertIn("<python-input-0>", output)
+        commands = " b\nexit()\n"
+        output, exit_code = self.run_repl(commands, env=env)
+        self.assertIn("IndentationError: unexpected indent", output)
+        self.assertIn("<python-input-0>", output)
+
+    @force_not_colorized
+    def test_proper_tracebacklimit(self):
+        env = os.environ.copy()
+        for set_tracebacklimit in [True, False]:
+            commands = ("import sys\n" +
+                        ("sys.tracebacklimit = 1\n" if set_tracebacklimit else "") +
+                        "def x1(): 1/0\n\n"
+                        "def x2(): x1()\n\n"
+                        "def x3(): x2()\n\n"
+                        "x3()\n"
+                        "exit()\n")
+
+            for basic_repl in [True, False]:
+                if basic_repl:
+                    env["PYTHON_BASIC_REPL"] = "1"
+                else:
+                    env.pop("PYTHON_BASIC_REPL", None)
+                with self.subTest(set_tracebacklimit=set_tracebacklimit,
+                                  basic_repl=basic_repl):
+                    output, exit_code = self.run_repl(commands, env=env)
+                    if "can't use pyrepl" in output:
+                        self.skipTest("pyrepl not available")
+                    self.assertIn("in x1", output)
+                    if set_tracebacklimit:
+                        self.assertNotIn("in x2", output)
+                        self.assertNotIn("in x3", output)
+                        self.assertNotIn("in <module>", output)
+                    else:
+                        self.assertIn("in x2", output)
+                        self.assertIn("in x3", output)
+                        self.assertIn("in <module>", output)
+
+    def test_null_byte(self):
+        output, exit_code = self.run_repl("\x00\nexit()\n")
+        self.assertEqual(exit_code, 0)
+        self.assertNotIn("TypeError", output)
+
+    def test_readline_history_file(self):
+        # skip, if readline module is not available
+        readline = import_module('readline')
+        if readline.backend != "editline":
+            self.skipTest("GNU readline is not affected by this issue")
+
+        hfile = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile()
+        self.addCleanup(unlink, hfile.name)
+        env = os.environ.copy()
+        env["PYTHON_HISTORY"] = hfile.name
+
+        env["PYTHON_BASIC_REPL"] = "1"
+        output, exit_code = self.run_repl("spam \nexit()\n", env=env)
+        self.assertEqual(exit_code, 0)
+        self.assertIn("spam ", output)
+        self.assertNotEqual(pathlib.Path(hfile.name).stat().st_size, 0)
+        self.assertIn("spam\\040", pathlib.Path(hfile.name).read_text())
+
+        env.pop("PYTHON_BASIC_REPL", None)
+        output, exit_code = self.run_repl("exit\n", env=env)
+        self.assertEqual(exit_code, 0)
+        self.assertNotIn("\\040", pathlib.Path(hfile.name).read_text())
+
+    def test_keyboard_interrupt_after_isearch(self):
+        output, exit_code = self.run_repl(["\x12", "\x03", "exit"])
+        self.assertEqual(exit_code, 0)
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_pyrepl/test_reader.py b/Lib/test/test_pyrepl/test_reader.py
index 78b11323d60a85..6c72a1d39c55df 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_pyrepl/test_reader.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_pyrepl/test_reader.py
@@ -2,10 +2,9 @@
 import functools
 import rlcompleter
 from unittest import TestCase
-from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock
 
 from .support import handle_all_events, handle_events_narrow_console, code_to_events, prepare_reader
-from test.support import import_helper
 from _pyrepl.console import Event
 from _pyrepl.reader import Reader
 
@@ -31,6 +30,37 @@ def test_calc_screen_wrap_three_lines(self):
         reader, _ = handle_events_narrow_console(events)
         self.assert_screen_equals(reader, f"{9*"a"}\\\n{9*"a"}\\\naa")
 
+    def test_calc_screen_prompt_handling(self):
+        def prepare_reader_keep_prompts(*args, **kwargs):
+            reader = prepare_reader(*args, **kwargs)
+            del reader.get_prompt
+            reader.ps1 = ">>> "
+            reader.ps2 = ">>> "
+            reader.ps3 = "... "
+            reader.ps4 = ""
+            reader.can_colorize = False
+            reader.paste_mode = False
+            return reader
+
+        events = code_to_events("if some_condition:\nsome_function()")
+        reader, _ = handle_events_narrow_console(
+            events,
+            prepare_reader=prepare_reader_keep_prompts,
+        )
+        # fmt: off
+        self.assert_screen_equals(
+            reader,
+            (
+            ">>> if so\\\n"
+            "me_condit\\\n"
+            "ion:\n"
+            "...     s\\\n"
+            "ome_funct\\\n"
+            "ion()"
+            )
+        )
+        # fmt: on
+
     def test_calc_screen_wrap_three_lines_mixed_character(self):
         # fmt: off
         code = (
@@ -89,6 +119,12 @@ def test_setpos_for_xy_simple(self):
         reader.setpos_from_xy(0, 0)
         self.assertEqual(reader.pos, 0)
 
+    def test_control_characters(self):
+        code = 'flag = "🏳️‍🌈"'
+        events = code_to_events(code)
+        reader, _ = handle_all_events(events)
+        self.assert_screen_equals(reader, 'flag = "🏳️\\u200d🌈"')
+
     def test_setpos_from_xy_multiple_lines(self):
         # fmt: off
         code = (
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_queue.py b/Lib/test/test_queue.py
index d5927fbf39142b..7f4fe357034b71 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_queue.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_queue.py
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 # to ensure the Queue locks remain stable.
 import itertools
 import random
-import sys
 import threading
 import time
 import unittest
@@ -486,7 +485,7 @@ def _shutdown_get(self, immediate):
         else:
             thrds = (
                 # on shutdown(immediate=False)
-                # one of these threads shoud raise Shutdown
+                # one of these threads should raise Shutdown
                 (self._get, (q, go, results)),
                 (self._get, (q, go, results)),
                 (self._get, (q, go, results)),
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_raise.py b/Lib/test/test_raise.py
index 6d26a61bee4292..dcf0753bc828f3 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_raise.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_raise.py
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ def test_except_reraise(self):
         def reraise():
             try:
                 raise TypeError("foo")
-            except:
+            except TypeError:
                 try:
                     raise KeyError("caught")
                 except KeyError:
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ def test_finally_reraise(self):
         def reraise():
             try:
                 raise TypeError("foo")
-            except:
+            except TypeError:
                 try:
                     raise KeyError("caught")
                 finally:
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ def nested_reraise():
         def reraise():
             try:
                 raise TypeError("foo")
-            except:
+            except TypeError:
                 nested_reraise()
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, reraise)
 
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ def test_raise_from_None(self):
         try:
             try:
                 raise TypeError("foo")
-            except:
+            except TypeError:
                 raise ValueError() from None
         except ValueError as e:
             self.assertIsInstance(e.__context__, TypeError)
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ def test_with_reraise1(self):
         def reraise():
             try:
                 raise TypeError("foo")
-            except:
+            except TypeError:
                 with Context():
                     pass
                 raise
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ def test_with_reraise2(self):
         def reraise():
             try:
                 raise TypeError("foo")
-            except:
+            except TypeError:
                 with Context():
                     raise KeyError("caught")
                 raise
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ def test_yield_reraise(self):
         def reraise():
             try:
                 raise TypeError("foo")
-            except:
+            except TypeError:
                 yield 1
                 raise
         g = reraise()
@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ def test_instance_context_instance_raise(self):
         try:
             try:
                 raise context
-            except:
+            except IndexError:
                 raise OSError()
         except OSError as e:
             self.assertIs(e.__context__, context)
@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ def test_class_context_instance_raise(self):
         try:
             try:
                 raise context
-            except:
+            except IndexError:
                 raise OSError()
         except OSError as e:
             self.assertIsNot(e.__context__, context)
@@ -339,7 +339,7 @@ def test_class_context_class_raise(self):
         try:
             try:
                 raise context
-            except:
+            except IndexError:
                 raise OSError
         except OSError as e:
             self.assertIsNot(e.__context__, context)
@@ -351,7 +351,7 @@ def test_c_exception_context(self):
         try:
             try:
                 1/0
-            except:
+            except ZeroDivisionError:
                 raise OSError
         except OSError as e:
             self.assertIsInstance(e.__context__, ZeroDivisionError)
@@ -362,7 +362,7 @@ def test_c_exception_raise(self):
         try:
             try:
                 1/0
-            except:
+            except ZeroDivisionError:
                 xyzzy
         except NameError as e:
             self.assertIsInstance(e.__context__, ZeroDivisionError)
@@ -459,7 +459,7 @@ def f():
             try:
                 try:
                     raise ValueError
-                except:
+                except ValueError:
                     del g
                     raise KeyError
             except Exception as e:
@@ -475,7 +475,7 @@ class C:
             def __del__(self):
                 try:
                     1/0
-                except:
+                except ZeroDivisionError:
                     raise
 
         def f():
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_random.py b/Lib/test/test_random.py
index 9a44ab1768656a..51f9193b269eee 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_random.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_random.py
@@ -1433,8 +1433,8 @@ def test_main(self):
             ("'a a' 'b b' 'c c'", "b b"),
             ("--integer 5", 4),
             ("5", 4),
-            ("--float 2.5", 2.266632777287572),
-            ("2.5", 2.266632777287572),
+            ("--float 2.5", 2.1110546288126204),
+            ("2.5", 2.1110546288126204),
         ]:
             random.seed(0)
             self.assertEqual(random.main(shlex.split(command)), expected)
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_re.py b/Lib/test/test_re.py
index b8b50e8b3c2190..ff95f54026e172 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_re.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_re.py
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 import re
 import string
 import sys
-import time
 import unittest
 import warnings
 from re import Scanner
@@ -14,7 +13,7 @@
 
 # some platforms lack working multiprocessing
 try:
-    import _multiprocessing
+    import _multiprocessing  # noqa: F401
 except ImportError:
     multiprocessing = None
 else:
@@ -884,31 +883,137 @@ def test_named_unicode_escapes(self):
         self.checkPatternError(br'\N{LESS-THAN SIGN}', r'bad escape \N', 0)
         self.checkPatternError(br'[\N{LESS-THAN SIGN}]', r'bad escape \N', 1)
 
-    def test_string_boundaries(self):
+    def test_word_boundaries(self):
         # See http://bugs.python.org/issue10713
-        self.assertEqual(re.search(r"\b(abc)\b", "abc").group(1),
-                         "abc")
+        self.assertEqual(re.search(r"\b(abc)\b", "abc").group(1), "abc")
+        self.assertEqual(re.search(r"\b(abc)\b", "abc", re.ASCII).group(1), "abc")
+        self.assertEqual(re.search(br"\b(abc)\b", b"abc").group(1), b"abc")
+        self.assertEqual(re.search(br"\b(abc)\b", b"abc", re.LOCALE).group(1), b"abc")
+        self.assertEqual(re.search(r"\b(ьюя)\b", "ьюя").group(1), "ьюя")
+        self.assertIsNone(re.search(r"\b(ьюя)\b", "ьюя", re.ASCII))
+        # There's a word boundary between a word and a non-word.
+        self.assertTrue(re.match(r".\b", "a="))
+        self.assertTrue(re.match(r".\b", "a=", re.ASCII))
+        self.assertTrue(re.match(br".\b", b"a="))
+        self.assertTrue(re.match(br".\b", b"a=", re.LOCALE))
+        self.assertTrue(re.match(r".\b", "я="))
+        self.assertIsNone(re.match(r".\b", "я=", re.ASCII))
+        # There's a word boundary between a non-word and a word.
+        self.assertTrue(re.match(r".\b", "=a"))
+        self.assertTrue(re.match(r".\b", "=a", re.ASCII))
+        self.assertTrue(re.match(br".\b", b"=a"))
+        self.assertTrue(re.match(br".\b", b"=a", re.LOCALE))
+        self.assertTrue(re.match(r".\b", "=я"))
+        self.assertIsNone(re.match(r".\b", "=я", re.ASCII))
+        # There is no word boundary inside a word.
+        self.assertIsNone(re.match(r".\b", "ab"))
+        self.assertIsNone(re.match(r".\b", "ab", re.ASCII))
+        self.assertIsNone(re.match(br".\b", b"ab"))
+        self.assertIsNone(re.match(br".\b", b"ab", re.LOCALE))
+        self.assertIsNone(re.match(r".\b", "юя"))
+        self.assertIsNone(re.match(r".\b", "юя", re.ASCII))
+        # There is no word boundary between a non-word characters.
+        self.assertIsNone(re.match(r".\b", "=-"))
+        self.assertIsNone(re.match(r".\b", "=-", re.ASCII))
+        self.assertIsNone(re.match(br".\b", b"=-"))
+        self.assertIsNone(re.match(br".\b", b"=-", re.LOCALE))
+        # There is no non-boundary match between a word and a non-word.
+        self.assertIsNone(re.match(r".\B", "a="))
+        self.assertIsNone(re.match(r".\B", "a=", re.ASCII))
+        self.assertIsNone(re.match(br".\B", b"a="))
+        self.assertIsNone(re.match(br".\B", b"a=", re.LOCALE))
+        self.assertIsNone(re.match(r".\B", "я="))
+        self.assertTrue(re.match(r".\B", "я=", re.ASCII))
+        # There is no non-boundary match between a non-word and a word.
+        self.assertIsNone(re.match(r".\B", "=a"))
+        self.assertIsNone(re.match(r".\B", "=a", re.ASCII))
+        self.assertIsNone(re.match(br".\B", b"=a"))
+        self.assertIsNone(re.match(br".\B", b"=a", re.LOCALE))
+        self.assertIsNone(re.match(r".\B", "=я"))
+        self.assertTrue(re.match(r".\B", "=я", re.ASCII))
+        # There's a non-boundary match inside a word.
+        self.assertTrue(re.match(r".\B", "ab"))
+        self.assertTrue(re.match(r".\B", "ab", re.ASCII))
+        self.assertTrue(re.match(br".\B", b"ab"))
+        self.assertTrue(re.match(br".\B", b"ab", re.LOCALE))
+        self.assertTrue(re.match(r".\B", "юя"))
+        self.assertTrue(re.match(r".\B", "юя", re.ASCII))
+        # There's a non-boundary match between a non-word characters.
+        self.assertTrue(re.match(r".\B", "=-"))
+        self.assertTrue(re.match(r".\B", "=-", re.ASCII))
+        self.assertTrue(re.match(br".\B", b"=-"))
+        self.assertTrue(re.match(br".\B", b"=-", re.LOCALE))
         # There's a word boundary at the start of a string.
         self.assertTrue(re.match(r"\b", "abc"))
+        self.assertTrue(re.match(r"\b", "abc", re.ASCII))
+        self.assertTrue(re.match(br"\b", b"abc"))
+        self.assertTrue(re.match(br"\b", b"abc", re.LOCALE))
+        self.assertTrue(re.match(r"\b", "ьюя"))
+        self.assertIsNone(re.match(r"\b", "ьюя", re.ASCII))
+        # There's a word boundary at the end of a string.
+        self.assertTrue(re.fullmatch(r".+\b", "abc"))
+        self.assertTrue(re.fullmatch(r".+\b", "abc", re.ASCII))
+        self.assertTrue(re.fullmatch(br".+\b", b"abc"))
+        self.assertTrue(re.fullmatch(br".+\b", b"abc", re.LOCALE))
+        self.assertTrue(re.fullmatch(r".+\b", "ьюя"))
+        self.assertIsNone(re.search(r"\b", "ьюя", re.ASCII))
         # A non-empty string includes a non-boundary zero-length match.
-        self.assertTrue(re.search(r"\B", "abc"))
+        self.assertEqual(re.search(r"\B", "abc").span(), (1, 1))
+        self.assertEqual(re.search(r"\B", "abc", re.ASCII).span(), (1, 1))
+        self.assertEqual(re.search(br"\B", b"abc").span(), (1, 1))
+        self.assertEqual(re.search(br"\B", b"abc", re.LOCALE).span(), (1, 1))
+        self.assertEqual(re.search(r"\B", "ьюя").span(), (1, 1))
+        self.assertEqual(re.search(r"\B", "ьюя", re.ASCII).span(), (0, 0))
         # There is no non-boundary match at the start of a string.
-        self.assertFalse(re.match(r"\B", "abc"))
+        self.assertIsNone(re.match(r"\B", "abc"))
+        self.assertIsNone(re.match(r"\B", "abc", re.ASCII))
+        self.assertIsNone(re.match(br"\B", b"abc"))
+        self.assertIsNone(re.match(br"\B", b"abc", re.LOCALE))
+        self.assertIsNone(re.match(r"\B", "ьюя"))
+        self.assertTrue(re.match(r"\B", "ьюя", re.ASCII))
+        # There is no non-boundary match at the end of a string.
+        self.assertIsNone(re.fullmatch(r".+\B", "abc"))
+        self.assertIsNone(re.fullmatch(r".+\B", "abc", re.ASCII))
+        self.assertIsNone(re.fullmatch(br".+\B", b"abc"))
+        self.assertIsNone(re.fullmatch(br".+\B", b"abc", re.LOCALE))
+        self.assertIsNone(re.fullmatch(r".+\B", "ьюя"))
+        self.assertTrue(re.fullmatch(r".+\B", "ьюя", re.ASCII))
         # However, an empty string contains no word boundaries, and also no
         # non-boundaries.
-        self.assertIsNone(re.search(r"\B", ""))
+        self.assertIsNone(re.search(r"\b", ""))
+        self.assertIsNone(re.search(r"\b", "", re.ASCII))
+        self.assertIsNone(re.search(br"\b", b""))
+        self.assertIsNone(re.search(br"\b", b"", re.LOCALE))
         # This one is questionable and different from the perlre behaviour,
         # but describes current behavior.
-        self.assertIsNone(re.search(r"\b", ""))
+        self.assertIsNone(re.search(r"\B", ""))
+        self.assertIsNone(re.search(r"\B", "", re.ASCII))
+        self.assertIsNone(re.search(br"\B", b""))
+        self.assertIsNone(re.search(br"\B", b"", re.LOCALE))
         # A single word-character string has two boundaries, but no
         # non-boundary gaps.
         self.assertEqual(len(re.findall(r"\b", "a")), 2)
+        self.assertEqual(len(re.findall(r"\b", "a", re.ASCII)), 2)
+        self.assertEqual(len(re.findall(br"\b", b"a")), 2)
+        self.assertEqual(len(re.findall(br"\b", b"a", re.LOCALE)), 2)
         self.assertEqual(len(re.findall(r"\B", "a")), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(len(re.findall(r"\B", "a", re.ASCII)), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(len(re.findall(br"\B", b"a")), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(len(re.findall(br"\B", b"a", re.LOCALE)), 0)
         # If there are no words, there are no boundaries
         self.assertEqual(len(re.findall(r"\b", " ")), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(len(re.findall(r"\b", " ", re.ASCII)), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(len(re.findall(br"\b", b" ")), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(len(re.findall(br"\b", b" ", re.LOCALE)), 0)
         self.assertEqual(len(re.findall(r"\b", "   ")), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(len(re.findall(r"\b", "   ", re.ASCII)), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(len(re.findall(br"\b", b"   ")), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(len(re.findall(br"\b", b"   ", re.LOCALE)), 0)
         # Can match around the whitespace.
         self.assertEqual(len(re.findall(r"\B", " ")), 2)
+        self.assertEqual(len(re.findall(r"\B", " ", re.ASCII)), 2)
+        self.assertEqual(len(re.findall(br"\B", b" ")), 2)
+        self.assertEqual(len(re.findall(br"\B", b" ", re.LOCALE)), 2)
 
     def test_bigcharset(self):
         self.assertEqual(re.match("([\u2222\u2223])",
@@ -1116,47 +1221,76 @@ def test_not_literal(self):
 
     def test_possible_set_operations(self):
         s = bytes(range(128)).decode()
-        with self.assertWarns(FutureWarning):
+        with self.assertWarnsRegex(FutureWarning, 'Possible set difference') as w:
             p = re.compile(r'[0-9--1]')
+        self.assertEqual(w.filename, __file__)
         self.assertEqual(p.findall(s), list('-./0123456789'))
+        with self.assertWarnsRegex(FutureWarning, 'Possible set difference') as w:
+            self.assertEqual(re.findall(r'[0-9--2]', s), list('-./0123456789'))
+        self.assertEqual(w.filename, __file__)
+
         self.assertEqual(re.findall(r'[--1]', s), list('-./01'))
-        with self.assertWarns(FutureWarning):
+
+        with self.assertWarnsRegex(FutureWarning, 'Possible set difference') as w:
             p = re.compile(r'[%--1]')
+        self.assertEqual(w.filename, __file__)
         self.assertEqual(p.findall(s), list("%&'()*+,-1"))
-        with self.assertWarns(FutureWarning):
+
+        with self.assertWarnsRegex(FutureWarning, 'Possible set difference ') as w:
             p = re.compile(r'[%--]')
+        self.assertEqual(w.filename, __file__)
         self.assertEqual(p.findall(s), list("%&'()*+,-"))
 
-        with self.assertWarns(FutureWarning):
+        with self.assertWarnsRegex(FutureWarning, 'Possible set intersection ') as w:
             p = re.compile(r'[0-9&&1]')
+        self.assertEqual(w.filename, __file__)
         self.assertEqual(p.findall(s), list('&0123456789'))
-        with self.assertWarns(FutureWarning):
+        with self.assertWarnsRegex(FutureWarning, 'Possible set intersection ') as w:
+            self.assertEqual(re.findall(r'[0-8&&1]', s), list('&012345678'))
+        self.assertEqual(w.filename, __file__)
+
+        with self.assertWarnsRegex(FutureWarning, 'Possible set intersection ') as w:
             p = re.compile(r'[\d&&1]')
+        self.assertEqual(w.filename, __file__)
         self.assertEqual(p.findall(s), list('&0123456789'))
+
         self.assertEqual(re.findall(r'[&&1]', s), list('&1'))
 
-        with self.assertWarns(FutureWarning):
+        with self.assertWarnsRegex(FutureWarning, 'Possible set union ') as w:
             p = re.compile(r'[0-9||a]')
+        self.assertEqual(w.filename, __file__)
         self.assertEqual(p.findall(s), list('0123456789a|'))
-        with self.assertWarns(FutureWarning):
+
+        with self.assertWarnsRegex(FutureWarning, 'Possible set union ') as w:
             p = re.compile(r'[\d||a]')
+        self.assertEqual(w.filename, __file__)
         self.assertEqual(p.findall(s), list('0123456789a|'))
+
         self.assertEqual(re.findall(r'[||1]', s), list('1|'))
 
-        with self.assertWarns(FutureWarning):
+        with self.assertWarnsRegex(FutureWarning, 'Possible set symmetric difference ') as w:
             p = re.compile(r'[0-9~~1]')
+        self.assertEqual(w.filename, __file__)
         self.assertEqual(p.findall(s), list('0123456789~'))
-        with self.assertWarns(FutureWarning):
+
+        with self.assertWarnsRegex(FutureWarning, 'Possible set symmetric difference ') as w:
             p = re.compile(r'[\d~~1]')
+        self.assertEqual(w.filename, __file__)
         self.assertEqual(p.findall(s), list('0123456789~'))
+
         self.assertEqual(re.findall(r'[~~1]', s), list('1~'))
 
-        with self.assertWarns(FutureWarning):
+        with self.assertWarnsRegex(FutureWarning, 'Possible nested set ') as w:
             p = re.compile(r'[[0-9]|]')
+        self.assertEqual(w.filename, __file__)
         self.assertEqual(p.findall(s), list('0123456789[]'))
+        with self.assertWarnsRegex(FutureWarning, 'Possible nested set ') as w:
+            self.assertEqual(re.findall(r'[[0-8]|]', s), list('012345678[]'))
+        self.assertEqual(w.filename, __file__)
 
-        with self.assertWarns(FutureWarning):
+        with self.assertWarnsRegex(FutureWarning, 'Possible nested set ') as w:
             p = re.compile(r'[[:digit:]|]')
+        self.assertEqual(w.filename, __file__)
         self.assertEqual(p.findall(s), list(':[]dgit'))
 
     def test_search_coverage(self):
@@ -1229,7 +1363,7 @@ def test_pickling(self):
             newpat = pickle.loads(pickled)
             self.assertEqual(newpat, oldpat)
         # current pickle expects the _compile() reconstructor in re module
-        from re import _compile
+        from re import _compile  # noqa: F401
 
     def test_copying(self):
         import copy
@@ -2474,6 +2608,24 @@ def test_regression_gh94675(self):
     def test_fail(self):
         self.assertEqual(re.search(r'12(?!)|3', '123')[0], '3')
 
+    def test_character_set_any(self):
+        # The union of complementary character sets matches any character
+        # and is equivalent to "(?s:.)".
+        s = '1x\n'
+        for p in r'[\s\S]', r'[\d\D]', r'[\w\W]', r'[\S\s]', r'\s|\S':
+            with self.subTest(pattern=p):
+                self.assertEqual(re.findall(p, s), list(s))
+                self.assertEqual(re.fullmatch('(?:' + p + ')+', s).group(), s)
+
+    def test_character_set_none(self):
+        # Negation of the union of complementary character sets does not match
+        # any character.
+        s = '1x\n'
+        for p in r'[^\s\S]', r'[^\d\D]', r'[^\w\W]', r'[^\S\s]':
+            with self.subTest(pattern=p):
+                self.assertIsNone(re.search(p, s))
+                self.assertIsNone(re.search('(?s:.)' + p, s))
+
 
 def get_debug_out(pat):
     with captured_stdout() as out:
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_readline.py b/Lib/test/test_readline.py
index 5e0e6f8dfac651..50e77cbbb6be13 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_readline.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_readline.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 from test.support.os_helper import unlink, temp_dir, TESTFN
 from test.support.pty_helper import run_pty
 from test.support.script_helper import assert_python_ok
+from test.support.threading_helper import requires_working_threading
 
 # Skip tests if there is no readline module
 readline = import_module('readline')
@@ -132,6 +133,32 @@ def test_nonascii_history(self):
         self.assertEqual(readline.get_history_item(1), "entrée 1")
         self.assertEqual(readline.get_history_item(2), "entrée 22")
 
+    def test_write_read_limited_history(self):
+        previous_length = readline.get_history_length()
+        self.addCleanup(readline.set_history_length, previous_length)
+
+        readline.clear_history()
+        readline.add_history("first line")
+        readline.add_history("second line")
+        readline.add_history("third line")
+
+        readline.set_history_length(2)
+        self.assertEqual(readline.get_history_length(), 2)
+        readline.write_history_file(TESTFN)
+        self.addCleanup(os.remove, TESTFN)
+
+        readline.clear_history()
+        self.assertEqual(readline.get_current_history_length(), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(readline.get_history_length(), 2)
+
+        readline.read_history_file(TESTFN)
+        self.assertEqual(readline.get_history_item(1), "second line")
+        self.assertEqual(readline.get_history_item(2), "third line")
+        self.assertEqual(readline.get_history_item(3), None)
+
+        # Readline seems to report an additional history element.
+        self.assertIn(readline.get_current_history_length(), (2, 3))
+
 
 class TestReadline(unittest.TestCase):
 
@@ -323,6 +350,50 @@ def test_history_size(self):
             self.assertEqual(len(lines), history_size)
             self.assertEqual(lines[-1].strip(), b"last input")
 
+    @requires_working_threading()
+    def test_gh123321_threadsafe(self):
+        """gh-123321: readline should be thread-safe and not crash"""
+        script = textwrap.dedent(r"""
+            import threading
+            from test.support.threading_helper import join_thread
+
+            def func():
+                input()
+
+            thread1 = threading.Thread(target=func)
+            thread2 = threading.Thread(target=func)
+            thread1.start()
+            thread2.start()
+            join_thread(thread1)
+            join_thread(thread2)
+            print("done")
+        """)
+
+        output = run_pty(script, input=b"input1\rinput2\r")
+
+        self.assertIn(b"done", output)
+
+
+    def test_write_read_limited_history(self):
+        previous_length = readline.get_history_length()
+        self.addCleanup(readline.set_history_length, previous_length)
+
+        readline.add_history("first line")
+        readline.add_history("second line")
+        readline.add_history("third line")
+
+        readline.set_history_length(2)
+        self.assertEqual(readline.get_history_length(), 2)
+        readline.write_history_file(TESTFN)
+        self.addCleanup(os.remove, TESTFN)
+
+        readline.read_history_file(TESTFN)
+        # Without clear_history() there's no good way to test if
+        # the correct entries are present (we're combining history limiting and
+        # possible deduplication with arbitrary previous content).
+        # So, we've only tested that the read did not fail.
+        # See TestHistoryManipulation for the full test.
+
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_regrtest.py b/Lib/test/test_regrtest.py
index 97ce797f0f6acb..d4f4a69a7a38c1 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_regrtest.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_regrtest.py
@@ -21,8 +21,11 @@
 import tempfile
 import textwrap
 import unittest
+from xml.etree import ElementTree
+
 from test import support
-from test.support import os_helper, without_optimizer
+from test.support import import_helper
+from test.support import os_helper
 from test.libregrtest import cmdline
 from test.libregrtest import main
 from test.libregrtest import setup
@@ -1178,7 +1181,7 @@ def test_run(self):
                                   stats=TestStats(4, 1),
                                   forever=True)
 
-    @without_optimizer
+    @support.without_optimizer
     def check_leak(self, code, what, *, run_workers=False):
         test = self.create_test('huntrleaks', code=code)
 
@@ -1746,10 +1749,9 @@ def test_other_bug(self):
 
     @support.cpython_only
     def test_uncollectable(self):
-        try:
-            import _testcapi
-        except ImportError:
-            raise unittest.SkipTest("requires _testcapi")
+        # Skip test if _testcapi is missing
+        import_helper.import_module('_testcapi')
+
         code = textwrap.dedent(r"""
             import _testcapi
             import gc
@@ -2132,10 +2134,10 @@ def test_unload_tests(self):
 
     def check_add_python_opts(self, option):
         # --fast-ci and --slow-ci add "-u -W default -bb -E" options to Python
-        try:
-            import _testinternalcapi
-        except ImportError:
-            raise unittest.SkipTest("requires _testinternalcapi")
+
+        # Skip test if _testinternalcapi is missing
+        import_helper.import_module('_testinternalcapi')
+
         code = textwrap.dedent(r"""
             import sys
             import unittest
@@ -2198,10 +2200,8 @@ def test_add_python_opts(self):
     @unittest.skipIf(support.is_android,
                      'raising SIGSEGV on Android is unreliable')
     def test_worker_output_on_failure(self):
-        try:
-            from faulthandler import _sigsegv
-        except ImportError:
-            self.skipTest("need faulthandler._sigsegv")
+        # Skip test if faulthandler is missing
+        import_helper.import_module('faulthandler')
 
         code = textwrap.dedent(r"""
             import faulthandler
@@ -2256,6 +2256,44 @@ def test_pass(self):
             self.check_executed_tests(output, testname, stats=1, parallel=True)
             self.assertNotIn('SPAM SPAM SPAM', output)
 
+    def test_xml(self):
+        code = textwrap.dedent(r"""
+            import unittest
+            from test import support
+
+            class VerboseTests(unittest.TestCase):
+                def test_failed(self):
+                    print("abc \x1b def")
+                    self.fail()
+        """)
+        testname = self.create_test(code=code)
+
+        # Run sequentially
+        filename = os_helper.TESTFN
+        self.addCleanup(os_helper.unlink, filename)
+
+        output = self.run_tests(testname, "--junit-xml", filename,
+                                exitcode=EXITCODE_BAD_TEST)
+        self.check_executed_tests(output, testname,
+                                  failed=testname,
+                                  stats=TestStats(1, 1, 0))
+
+        # Test generated XML
+        with open(filename, encoding="utf8") as fp:
+            content = fp.read()
+
+        testsuite = ElementTree.fromstring(content)
+        self.assertEqual(int(testsuite.get('tests')), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(int(testsuite.get('errors')), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(int(testsuite.get('failures')), 1)
+
+        testcase = testsuite[0][0]
+        self.assertEqual(testcase.get('status'), 'run')
+        self.assertEqual(testcase.get('result'), 'completed')
+        self.assertGreater(float(testcase.get('time')), 0)
+        for out in testcase.iter('system-out'):
+            self.assertEqual(out.text, r"abc \x1b def")
+
 
 class TestUtils(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_format_duration(self):
@@ -2291,16 +2329,6 @@ def test_normalize_test_name(self):
         self.assertIsNone(normalize('setUpModule (test.test_x)', is_error=True))
         self.assertIsNone(normalize('tearDownModule (test.test_module)', is_error=True))
 
-    def test_get_signal_name(self):
-        for exitcode, expected in (
-            (-int(signal.SIGINT), 'SIGINT'),
-            (-int(signal.SIGSEGV), 'SIGSEGV'),
-            (128 + int(signal.SIGABRT), 'SIGABRT'),
-            (3221225477, "STATUS_ACCESS_VIOLATION"),
-            (0xC00000FD, "STATUS_STACK_OVERFLOW"),
-        ):
-            self.assertEqual(utils.get_signal_name(exitcode), expected, exitcode)
-
     def test_format_resources(self):
         format_resources = utils.format_resources
         ALL_RESOURCES = utils.ALL_RESOURCES
@@ -2439,6 +2467,25 @@ def id(self):
             self.assertTrue(match_test(test_chdir))
             self.assertFalse(match_test(test_copy))
 
+    def test_sanitize_xml(self):
+        sanitize_xml = utils.sanitize_xml
+
+        # escape invalid XML characters
+        self.assertEqual(sanitize_xml('abc \x1b\x1f def'),
+                         r'abc \x1b\x1f def')
+        self.assertEqual(sanitize_xml('nul:\x00, bell:\x07'),
+                         r'nul:\x00, bell:\x07')
+        self.assertEqual(sanitize_xml('surrogate:\uDC80'),
+                         r'surrogate:\udc80')
+        self.assertEqual(sanitize_xml('illegal \uFFFE and \uFFFF'),
+                         r'illegal \ufffe and \uffff')
+
+        # no escape for valid XML characters
+        self.assertEqual(sanitize_xml('a\n\tb'),
+                         'a\n\tb')
+        self.assertEqual(sanitize_xml('valid t\xe9xt \u20ac'),
+                         'valid t\xe9xt \u20ac')
+
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_repl.py b/Lib/test/test_repl.py
index 340178366fc13a..e764e60560db23 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_repl.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_repl.py
@@ -1,15 +1,27 @@
 """Test the interactive interpreter."""
 
-import sys
 import os
-import unittest
+import select
 import subprocess
+import sys
+import unittest
 from textwrap import dedent
 from test import support
-from test.support import cpython_only, has_subprocess_support, SuppressCrashReport
-from test.support.script_helper import kill_python, assert_python_ok
+from test.support import (
+    cpython_only,
+    has_subprocess_support,
+    os_helper,
+    SuppressCrashReport,
+    SHORT_TIMEOUT,
+)
+from test.support.script_helper import kill_python
 from test.support.import_helper import import_module
 
+try:
+    import pty
+except ImportError:
+    pty = None
+
 
 if not has_subprocess_support:
     raise unittest.SkipTest("test module requires subprocess")
@@ -29,7 +41,7 @@ def spawn_repl(*args, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT, **kw):
     # path may be used by Py_GetPath() to build the default module search
     # path.
     stdin_fname = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(sys.executable), "<stdin>")
-    cmd_line = [stdin_fname, '-E', '-i']
+    cmd_line = [stdin_fname, '-I', '-i']
     cmd_line.extend(args)
 
     # Set TERM=vt100, for the rationale see the comments in spawn_python() of
@@ -175,6 +187,19 @@ def foo(x):
         ]
         self.assertEqual(traceback_lines, expected_lines)
 
+    def test_runsource_show_syntax_error_location(self):
+        user_input = dedent("""def f(x, x): ...
+                            """)
+        p = spawn_repl()
+        p.stdin.write(user_input)
+        output = kill_python(p)
+        expected_lines = [
+            '    def f(x, x): ...',
+            '             ^',
+            "SyntaxError: duplicate argument 'x' in function definition"
+        ]
+        self.assertEqual(output.splitlines()[4:-1], expected_lines)
+
     def test_interactive_source_is_in_linecache(self):
         user_input = dedent("""
         def foo(x):
@@ -195,10 +220,58 @@ def bar(x):
         expected = "(30, None, [\'def foo(x):\\n\', \'    return x + 1\\n\', \'\\n\'], \'<stdin>\')"
         self.assertIn(expected, output, expected)
 
-    def test_asyncio_repl_is_ok(self):
-        assert_python_ok("-m", "asyncio")
+    def test_asyncio_repl_reaches_python_startup_script(self):
+        with os_helper.temp_dir() as tmpdir:
+            script = os.path.join(tmpdir, "pythonstartup.py")
+            with open(script, "w") as f:
+                f.write("print('pythonstartup done!')" + os.linesep)
+                f.write("exit(0)" + os.linesep)
 
+            env = os.environ.copy()
+            env["PYTHON_HISTORY"] = os.path.join(tmpdir, ".asyncio_history")
+            env["PYTHONSTARTUP"] = script
+            subprocess.check_call(
+                [sys.executable, "-m", "asyncio"],
+                stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+                stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
+                env=env,
+                timeout=SHORT_TIMEOUT,
+            )
 
+    @unittest.skipUnless(pty, "requires pty")
+    def test_asyncio_repl_is_ok(self):
+        m, s = pty.openpty()
+        cmd = [sys.executable, "-I", "-m", "asyncio"]
+        env = os.environ.copy()
+        proc = subprocess.Popen(
+            cmd,
+            stdin=s,
+            stdout=s,
+            stderr=s,
+            text=True,
+            close_fds=True,
+            env=env,
+        )
+        os.close(s)
+        os.write(m, b"await asyncio.sleep(0)\n")
+        os.write(m, b"exit()\n")
+        output = []
+        while select.select([m], [], [], SHORT_TIMEOUT)[0]:
+            try:
+                data = os.read(m, 1024).decode("utf-8")
+                if not data:
+                    break
+            except OSError:
+                break
+            output.append(data)
+        os.close(m)
+        try:
+            exit_code = proc.wait(timeout=SHORT_TIMEOUT)
+        except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
+            proc.kill()
+            exit_code = proc.wait()
+
+        self.assertEqual(exit_code, 0, "".join(output))
 
 class TestInteractiveModeSyntaxErrors(unittest.TestCase):
 
@@ -218,5 +291,42 @@ def f():
         self.assertEqual(traceback_lines, expected_lines)
 
 
+class TestAsyncioREPLContextVars(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_toplevel_contextvars_sync(self):
+        user_input = dedent("""\
+        from contextvars import ContextVar
+        var = ContextVar("var", default="failed")
+        var.set("ok")
+        """)
+        p = spawn_repl("-m", "asyncio")
+        p.stdin.write(user_input)
+        user_input2 = dedent("""
+        print(f"toplevel contextvar test: {var.get()}")
+        """)
+        p.stdin.write(user_input2)
+        output = kill_python(p)
+        self.assertEqual(p.returncode, 0)
+        expected = "toplevel contextvar test: ok"
+        self.assertIn(expected, output, expected)
+
+    def test_toplevel_contextvars_async(self):
+        user_input = dedent("""\
+        from contextvars import ContextVar
+        var = ContextVar('var', default='failed')
+        """)
+        p = spawn_repl("-m", "asyncio")
+        p.stdin.write(user_input)
+        user_input2 = "async def set_var(): var.set('ok')\n"
+        p.stdin.write(user_input2)
+        user_input3 = "await set_var()\n"
+        p.stdin.write(user_input3)
+        user_input4 = "print(f'toplevel contextvar test: {var.get()}')\n"
+        p.stdin.write(user_input4)
+        output = kill_python(p)
+        self.assertEqual(p.returncode, 0)
+        expected = "toplevel contextvar test: ok"
+        self.assertIn(expected, output, expected)
+
+
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_reprlib.py b/Lib/test/test_reprlib.py
index 3e93b561c143d8..ffeb1fba7b80c6 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_reprlib.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_reprlib.py
@@ -580,6 +580,50 @@ def test_invalid_indent(self):
                 with self.assertRaisesRegex(expected_error, expected_msg):
                     r.repr(test_object)
 
+    def test_shadowed_stdlib_array(self):
+        # Issue #113570: repr() should not be fooled by an array
+        class array:
+            def __repr__(self):
+                return "not array.array"
+
+        self.assertEqual(r(array()), "not array.array")
+
+    def test_shadowed_builtin(self):
+        # Issue #113570: repr() should not be fooled
+        # by a shadowed builtin function
+        class list:
+            def __repr__(self):
+                return "not builtins.list"
+
+        self.assertEqual(r(list()), "not builtins.list")
+
+    def test_custom_repr(self):
+        class MyRepr(Repr):
+
+            def repr_TextIOWrapper(self, obj, level):
+                if obj.name in {'<stdin>', '<stdout>', '<stderr>'}:
+                    return obj.name
+                return repr(obj)
+
+        aRepr = MyRepr()
+        self.assertEqual(aRepr.repr(sys.stdin), "<stdin>")
+
+    def test_custom_repr_class_with_spaces(self):
+        class TypeWithSpaces:
+            pass
+
+        t = TypeWithSpaces()
+        type(t).__name__ = "type with spaces"
+        self.assertEqual(type(t).__name__, "type with spaces")
+
+        class MyRepr(Repr):
+            def repr_type_with_spaces(self, obj, level):
+                return "Type With Spaces"
+
+
+        aRepr = MyRepr()
+        self.assertEqual(aRepr.repr(t), "Type With Spaces")
+
 def write_file(path, text):
     with open(path, 'w', encoding='ASCII') as fp:
         fp.write(text)
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_sax.py b/Lib/test/test_sax.py
index 9b3014a94a081e..0d0f86c145b499 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_sax.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_sax.py
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 from xml.sax.handler import (feature_namespaces, feature_external_ges,
                              LexicalHandler)
 from xml.sax.xmlreader import InputSource, AttributesImpl, AttributesNSImpl
+from xml import sax
 from io import BytesIO, StringIO
 import codecs
 import os.path
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@
 from urllib.error import URLError
 import urllib.request
 from test.support import os_helper
-from test.support import findfile
+from test.support import findfile, check__all__
 from test.support.os_helper import FakePath, TESTFN
 
 
@@ -1557,5 +1558,20 @@ def characters(self, content):
         self.assertEqual(self.char_index, 2)
 
 
+class TestModuleAll(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_all(self):
+        extra = (
+            'ContentHandler',
+            'ErrorHandler',
+            'InputSource',
+            'SAXException',
+            'SAXNotRecognizedException',
+            'SAXNotSupportedException',
+            'SAXParseException',
+            'SAXReaderNotAvailable',
+        )
+        check__all__(self, sax, extra=extra)
+
+
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_scope.py b/Lib/test/test_scope.py
index 6e46dfa96a664f..24a366efc6ca05 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_scope.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_scope.py
@@ -810,6 +810,30 @@ def dig(self):
         gc_collect()  # For PyPy or other GCs.
         self.assertIsNone(ref())
 
+    def test_multiple_nesting(self):
+        # Regression test for https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/121863
+        class MultiplyNested:
+            def f1(self):
+                __arg = 1
+                class D:
+                    def g(self, __arg):
+                        return __arg
+                return D().g(_MultiplyNested__arg=2)
+
+            def f2(self):
+                __arg = 1
+                class D:
+                    def g(self, __arg):
+                        return __arg
+                return D().g
+
+        inst = MultiplyNested()
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            inst.f1()
+
+        closure = inst.f2()
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            closure(_MultiplyNested__arg=2)
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_set.py b/Lib/test/test_set.py
index d9102eb98a54a6..a8531d466e56e7 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_set.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_set.py
@@ -635,6 +635,16 @@ def __le__(self, some_set):
         myset >= myobj
         self.assertTrue(myobj.le_called)
 
+    def test_set_membership(self):
+        myfrozenset = frozenset(range(3))
+        myset = {myfrozenset, "abc", 1}
+        self.assertIn(set(range(3)), myset)
+        self.assertNotIn(set(range(1)), myset)
+        myset.discard(set(range(3)))
+        self.assertEqual(myset, {"abc", 1})
+        self.assertRaises(KeyError, myset.remove, set(range(1)))
+        self.assertRaises(KeyError, myset.remove, set(range(3)))
+
 
 class SetSubclass(set):
     pass
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_setcomps.py b/Lib/test/test_setcomps.py
index 976fa885bd8ef9..0bb02ef11f6b4b 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_setcomps.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_setcomps.py
@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 import doctest
+import traceback
 import unittest
 
+from test.support import BrokenIter
+
 
 doctests = """
 ########### Tests mostly copied from test_listcomps.py ############
@@ -148,6 +151,42 @@
 
 """
 
+class SetComprehensionTest(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_exception_locations(self):
+        # The location of an exception raised from __init__ or
+        # __next__ should should be the iterator expression
+
+        def init_raises():
+            try:
+                {x for x in BrokenIter(init_raises=True)}
+            except Exception as e:
+                return e
+
+        def next_raises():
+            try:
+                {x for x in BrokenIter(next_raises=True)}
+            except Exception as e:
+                return e
+
+        def iter_raises():
+            try:
+                {x for x in BrokenIter(iter_raises=True)}
+            except Exception as e:
+                return e
+
+        for func, expected in [(init_raises, "BrokenIter(init_raises=True)"),
+                               (next_raises, "BrokenIter(next_raises=True)"),
+                               (iter_raises, "BrokenIter(iter_raises=True)"),
+                              ]:
+            with self.subTest(func):
+                exc = func()
+                f = traceback.extract_tb(exc.__traceback__)[0]
+                indent = 16
+                co = func.__code__
+                self.assertEqual(f.lineno, co.co_firstlineno + 2)
+                self.assertEqual(f.end_lineno, co.co_firstlineno + 2)
+                self.assertEqual(f.line[f.colno - indent : f.end_colno - indent],
+                                 expected)
 
 __test__ = {'doctests' : doctests}
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_shutil.py b/Lib/test/test_shutil.py
index bccb81e0737c57..37e54d23b22516 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_shutil.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_shutil.py
@@ -558,25 +558,23 @@ def test_rmtree_uses_safe_fd_version_if_available(self):
                              os.listdir in os.supports_fd and
                              os.stat in os.supports_follow_symlinks)
         if _use_fd_functions:
-            self.assertTrue(shutil._use_fd_functions)
             self.assertTrue(shutil.rmtree.avoids_symlink_attacks)
             tmp_dir = self.mkdtemp()
             d = os.path.join(tmp_dir, 'a')
             os.mkdir(d)
             try:
-                real_rmtree = shutil._rmtree_safe_fd
+                real_open = os.open
                 class Called(Exception): pass
                 def _raiser(*args, **kwargs):
                     raise Called
-                shutil._rmtree_safe_fd = _raiser
+                os.open = _raiser
                 self.assertRaises(Called, shutil.rmtree, d)
             finally:
-                shutil._rmtree_safe_fd = real_rmtree
+                os.open = real_open
         else:
-            self.assertFalse(shutil._use_fd_functions)
             self.assertFalse(shutil.rmtree.avoids_symlink_attacks)
 
-    @unittest.skipUnless(shutil._use_fd_functions, "requires safe rmtree")
+    @unittest.skipUnless(shutil.rmtree.avoids_symlink_attacks, "requires safe rmtree")
     def test_rmtree_fails_on_close(self):
         # Test that the error handler is called for failed os.close() and that
         # os.close() is only called once for a file descriptor.
@@ -611,7 +609,7 @@ def onexc(*args):
         self.assertEqual(errors[1][1], dir1)
         self.assertEqual(close_count, 2)
 
-    @unittest.skipUnless(shutil._use_fd_functions, "dir_fd is not supported")
+    @unittest.skipUnless(shutil.rmtree.avoids_symlink_attacks, "dir_fd is not supported")
     def test_rmtree_with_dir_fd(self):
         tmp_dir = self.mkdtemp()
         victim = 'killme'
@@ -625,7 +623,7 @@ def test_rmtree_with_dir_fd(self):
         shutil.rmtree(victim, dir_fd=dir_fd)
         self.assertFalse(os.path.exists(fullname))
 
-    @unittest.skipIf(shutil._use_fd_functions, "dir_fd is supported")
+    @unittest.skipIf(shutil.rmtree.avoids_symlink_attacks, "dir_fd is supported")
     def test_rmtree_with_dir_fd_unsupported(self):
         tmp_dir = self.mkdtemp()
         with self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError):
@@ -907,10 +905,10 @@ def test_copytree_arg_types_of_ignore(self):
         os.mkdir(os.path.join(src_dir, 'test_dir', 'subdir'))
         write_file((src_dir, 'test_dir', 'subdir', 'test.txt'), '456')
 
-        invokations = []
+        invocations = []
 
         def _ignore(src, names):
-            invokations.append(src)
+            invocations.append(src)
             self.assertIsInstance(src, str)
             self.assertIsInstance(names, list)
             self.assertEqual(len(names), len(set(names)))
@@ -935,7 +933,7 @@ def _ignore(src, names):
         self.assertTrue(exists(join(dst_dir, 'test_dir', 'subdir',
                                     'test.txt')))
 
-        self.assertEqual(len(invokations), 9)
+        self.assertEqual(len(invocations), 9)
 
     def test_copytree_retains_permissions(self):
         tmp_dir = self.mkdtemp()
@@ -1911,7 +1909,10 @@ def test_unzip_zipfile(self):
                 subprocess.check_output(zip_cmd, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
             except subprocess.CalledProcessError as exc:
                 details = exc.output.decode(errors="replace")
-                if 'unrecognized option: t' in details:
+                if any(message in details for message in [
+                    'unrecognized option: t',  # BusyBox
+                    'invalid option -- t',  # Android
+                ]):
                     self.skipTest("unzip doesn't support -t")
                 msg = "{}\n\n**Unzip Output**\n{}"
                 self.fail(msg.format(exc, details))
@@ -2147,9 +2148,6 @@ def check_unpack_archive_with_converter(self, format, converter, **kwargs):
     def check_unpack_tarball(self, format):
         self.check_unpack_archive(format, filter='fully_trusted')
         self.check_unpack_archive(format, filter='data')
-        with warnings_helper.check_warnings(
-                ('Python 3.14', DeprecationWarning)):
-            self.check_unpack_archive(format)
 
     def test_unpack_archive_tar(self):
         self.check_unpack_tarball('tar')
@@ -3398,7 +3396,7 @@ def test_module_all_attribute(self):
         self.assertTrue(hasattr(shutil, '__all__'))
         target_api = ['copyfileobj', 'copyfile', 'copymode', 'copystat',
                       'copy', 'copy2', 'copytree', 'move', 'rmtree', 'Error',
-                      'SpecialFileError', 'ExecError', 'make_archive',
+                      'SpecialFileError', 'make_archive',
                       'get_archive_formats', 'register_archive_format',
                       'unregister_archive_format', 'get_unpack_formats',
                       'register_unpack_format', 'unregister_unpack_format',
@@ -3407,6 +3405,8 @@ def test_module_all_attribute(self):
         if hasattr(os, 'statvfs') or os.name == 'nt':
             target_api.append('disk_usage')
         self.assertEqual(set(shutil.__all__), set(target_api))
+        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
+            from shutil import ExecError
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_signal.py b/Lib/test/test_signal.py
index 591cd4177d9f41..704a0090bdbc0f 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_signal.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_signal.py
@@ -123,6 +123,8 @@ def __repr__(self):
         self.assertEqual(signal.getsignal(signal.SIGHUP), hup)
         self.assertEqual(0, argument.repr_count)
 
+    @unittest.skipIf(sys.platform.startswith("netbsd"),
+                     "gh-124083: strsignal is not supported on NetBSD")
     def test_strsignal(self):
         self.assertIn("Interrupt", signal.strsignal(signal.SIGINT))
         self.assertIn("Terminated", signal.strsignal(signal.SIGTERM))
@@ -1325,15 +1327,18 @@ def test_stress_delivery_simultaneous(self):
         def handler(signum, frame):
             sigs.append(signum)
 
-        self.setsig(signal.SIGUSR1, handler)
+        # On Android, SIGUSR1 is unreliable when used in close proximity to
+        # another signal – see Android/testbed/app/src/main/python/main.py.
+        # So we use a different signal.
+        self.setsig(signal.SIGUSR2, handler)
         self.setsig(signal.SIGALRM, handler)  # for ITIMER_REAL
 
         expected_sigs = 0
         while expected_sigs < N:
             # Hopefully the SIGALRM will be received somewhere during
-            # initial processing of SIGUSR1.
+            # initial processing of SIGUSR2.
             signal.setitimer(signal.ITIMER_REAL, 1e-6 + random.random() * 1e-5)
-            os.kill(os.getpid(), signal.SIGUSR1)
+            os.kill(os.getpid(), signal.SIGUSR2)
 
             expected_sigs += 2
             # Wait for handlers to run to avoid signal coalescing
@@ -1345,6 +1350,7 @@ def handler(signum, frame):
         # Python handler
         self.assertEqual(len(sigs), N, "Some signals were lost")
 
+    @support.requires_gil_enabled("gh-121065: test is flaky on free-threaded build")
     @unittest.skipIf(is_apple, "crashes due to system bug (FB13453490)")
     @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(signal, "SIGUSR1"),
                          "test needs SIGUSR1")
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_site.py b/Lib/test/test_site.py
index 0502181854f52b..035913cdd05f34 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_site.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_site.py
@@ -328,13 +328,13 @@ def test_getsitepackages(self):
             if sys.platlibdir != "lib":
                 self.assertEqual(len(dirs), 2)
                 wanted = os.path.join('xoxo', sys.platlibdir,
-                                      'python%d.%d' % sys.version_info[:2],
+                                      f'python{sysconfig._get_python_version_abi()}',
                                       'site-packages')
                 self.assertEqual(dirs[0], wanted)
             else:
                 self.assertEqual(len(dirs), 1)
             wanted = os.path.join('xoxo', 'lib',
-                                  'python%d.%d' % sys.version_info[:2],
+                                  f'python{sysconfig._get_python_version_abi()}',
                                   'site-packages')
             self.assertEqual(dirs[-1], wanted)
         else:
@@ -513,7 +513,7 @@ def test_sitecustomize_executed(self):
         # If sitecustomize is available, it should have been imported.
         if "sitecustomize" not in sys.modules:
             try:
-                import sitecustomize
+                import sitecustomize  # noqa: F401
             except ImportError:
                 pass
             else:
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_socket.py b/Lib/test/test_socket.py
index ce0f64b43ed49f..f2bc52ba6e8701 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_socket.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_socket.py
@@ -592,19 +592,27 @@ class SocketPairTest(unittest.TestCase, ThreadableTest):
     def __init__(self, methodName='runTest'):
         unittest.TestCase.__init__(self, methodName=methodName)
         ThreadableTest.__init__(self)
+        self.cli = None
+        self.serv = None
+
+    def socketpair(self):
+        # To be overridden by some child classes.
+        return socket.socketpair()
 
     def setUp(self):
-        self.serv, self.cli = socket.socketpair()
+        self.serv, self.cli = self.socketpair()
 
     def tearDown(self):
-        self.serv.close()
+        if self.serv:
+            self.serv.close()
         self.serv = None
 
     def clientSetUp(self):
         pass
 
     def clientTearDown(self):
-        self.cli.close()
+        if self.cli:
+            self.cli.close()
         self.cli = None
         ThreadableTest.clientTearDown(self)
 
@@ -1103,6 +1111,7 @@ def test_sethostname(self):
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(socket, 'if_nameindex'),
                          'socket.if_nameindex() not available.')
+    @support.skip_android_selinux('if_nameindex')
     def testInterfaceNameIndex(self):
         interfaces = socket.if_nameindex()
         for index, name in interfaces:
@@ -1119,6 +1128,7 @@ def testInterfaceNameIndex(self):
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(socket, 'if_indextoname'),
                          'socket.if_indextoname() not available.')
+    @support.skip_android_selinux('if_indextoname')
     def testInvalidInterfaceIndexToName(self):
         self.assertRaises(OSError, socket.if_indextoname, 0)
         self.assertRaises(OverflowError, socket.if_indextoname, -1)
@@ -1138,6 +1148,7 @@ def testInvalidInterfaceIndexToName(self):
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(socket, 'if_nametoindex'),
                          'socket.if_nametoindex() not available.')
+    @support.skip_android_selinux('if_nametoindex')
     def testInvalidInterfaceNameToIndex(self):
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, socket.if_nametoindex, 0)
         self.assertRaises(OSError, socket.if_nametoindex, '_DEADBEEF')
@@ -1661,7 +1672,7 @@ def test_getaddrinfo_int_port_overflow(self):
         try:
             socket.getaddrinfo(None, ULONG_MAX + 1, type=socket.SOCK_STREAM)
         except OverflowError:
-            # Platforms differ as to what values consitute a getaddrinfo() error
+            # Platforms differ as to what values constitute a getaddrinfo() error
             # return. Some fail for LONG_MAX+1, others ULONG_MAX+1, and Windows
             # silently accepts such huge "port" aka "service" numeric values.
             self.fail("Either no error or socket.gaierror expected.")
@@ -1870,6 +1881,7 @@ def test_getfqdn_filter_localhost(self):
     @unittest.skipIf(sys.platform == 'win32', 'does not work on Windows')
     @unittest.skipIf(AIX, 'Symbolic scope id does not work')
     @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(socket, 'if_nameindex'), "test needs socket.if_nameindex()")
+    @support.skip_android_selinux('if_nameindex')
     def test_getaddrinfo_ipv6_scopeid_symbolic(self):
         # Just pick up any network interface (Linux, Mac OS X)
         (ifindex, test_interface) = socket.if_nameindex()[0]
@@ -1903,6 +1915,7 @@ def test_getaddrinfo_ipv6_scopeid_numeric(self):
     @unittest.skipIf(sys.platform == 'win32', 'does not work on Windows')
     @unittest.skipIf(AIX, 'Symbolic scope id does not work')
     @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(socket, 'if_nameindex'), "test needs socket.if_nameindex()")
+    @support.skip_android_selinux('if_nameindex')
     def test_getnameinfo_ipv6_scopeid_symbolic(self):
         # Just pick up any network interface.
         (ifindex, test_interface) = socket.if_nameindex()[0]
@@ -4798,15 +4811,13 @@ def testInterruptedSendmsgTimeout(self):
 
 
 class TCPCloserTest(ThreadedTCPSocketTest):
-
     def testClose(self):
-        conn, addr = self.serv.accept()
-        conn.close()
+        conn, _ = self.serv.accept()
 
-        sd = self.cli
-        read, write, err = select.select([sd], [], [], 1.0)
-        self.assertEqual(read, [sd])
-        self.assertEqual(sd.recv(1), b'')
+        read, _, _ = select.select([conn], [], [], support.SHORT_TIMEOUT)
+        self.assertEqual(read, [conn])
+        self.assertEqual(conn.recv(1), b'x')
+        conn.close()
 
         # Calling close() many times should be safe.
         conn.close()
@@ -4814,7 +4825,10 @@ def testClose(self):
 
     def _testClose(self):
         self.cli.connect((HOST, self.port))
-        time.sleep(1.0)
+        self.cli.send(b'x')
+        read, _, _ = select.select([self.cli], [], [], support.SHORT_TIMEOUT)
+        self.assertEqual(read, [self.cli])
+        self.assertEqual(self.cli.recv(1), b'')
 
 
 class BasicSocketPairTest(SocketPairTest):
@@ -4852,6 +4866,112 @@ def _testSend(self):
         self.assertEqual(msg, MSG)
 
 
+class PurePythonSocketPairTest(SocketPairTest):
+    # Explicitly use socketpair AF_INET or AF_INET6 to ensure that is the
+    # code path we're using regardless platform is the pure python one where
+    # `_socket.socketpair` does not exist.  (AF_INET does not work with
+    # _socket.socketpair on many platforms).
+    def socketpair(self):
+        # called by super().setUp().
+        try:
+            return socket.socketpair(socket.AF_INET6)
+        except OSError:
+            return socket.socketpair(socket.AF_INET)
+
+    # Local imports in this class make for easy security fix backporting.
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        if hasattr(_socket, "socketpair"):
+            self._orig_sp = socket.socketpair
+            # This forces the version using the non-OS provided socketpair
+            # emulation via an AF_INET socket in Lib/socket.py.
+            socket.socketpair = socket._fallback_socketpair
+        else:
+            # This platform already uses the non-OS provided version.
+            self._orig_sp = None
+        super().setUp()
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        super().tearDown()
+        if self._orig_sp is not None:
+            # Restore the default socket.socketpair definition.
+            socket.socketpair = self._orig_sp
+
+    def test_recv(self):
+        msg = self.serv.recv(1024)
+        self.assertEqual(msg, MSG)
+
+    def _test_recv(self):
+        self.cli.send(MSG)
+
+    def test_send(self):
+        self.serv.send(MSG)
+
+    def _test_send(self):
+        msg = self.cli.recv(1024)
+        self.assertEqual(msg, MSG)
+
+    def test_ipv4(self):
+        cli, srv = socket.socketpair(socket.AF_INET)
+        cli.close()
+        srv.close()
+
+    def _test_ipv4(self):
+        pass
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(not hasattr(_socket, 'IPPROTO_IPV6') or
+                     not hasattr(_socket, 'IPV6_V6ONLY'),
+                     "IPV6_V6ONLY option not supported")
+    @unittest.skipUnless(socket_helper.IPV6_ENABLED, 'IPv6 required for this test')
+    def test_ipv6(self):
+        cli, srv = socket.socketpair(socket.AF_INET6)
+        cli.close()
+        srv.close()
+
+    def _test_ipv6(self):
+        pass
+
+    def test_injected_authentication_failure(self):
+        orig_getsockname = socket.socket.getsockname
+        inject_sock = None
+
+        def inject_getsocketname(self):
+            nonlocal inject_sock
+            sockname = orig_getsockname(self)
+            # Connect to the listening socket ahead of the
+            # client socket.
+            if inject_sock is None:
+                inject_sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
+                inject_sock.setblocking(False)
+                try:
+                    inject_sock.connect(sockname[:2])
+                except (BlockingIOError, InterruptedError):
+                    pass
+                inject_sock.setblocking(True)
+            return sockname
+
+        sock1 = sock2 = None
+        try:
+            socket.socket.getsockname = inject_getsocketname
+            with self.assertRaises(OSError):
+                sock1, sock2 = socket.socketpair()
+        finally:
+            socket.socket.getsockname = orig_getsockname
+            if inject_sock:
+                inject_sock.close()
+            if sock1:  # This cleanup isn't needed on a successful test.
+                sock1.close()
+            if sock2:
+                sock2.close()
+
+    def _test_injected_authentication_failure(self):
+        # No-op.  Exists for base class threading infrastructure to call.
+        # We could refactor this test into its own lesser class along with the
+        # setUp and tearDown code to construct an ideal; it is simpler to keep
+        # it here and live with extra overhead one this _one_ failure test.
+        pass
+
+
 class NonBlockingTCPTests(ThreadedTCPSocketTest):
 
     def __init__(self, methodName='runTest'):
@@ -6712,6 +6832,28 @@ class TestMacOSTCPFlags(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_tcp_keepalive(self):
         self.assertTrue(socket.TCP_KEEPALIVE)
 
+@unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(socket, 'TCP_QUICKACK'), 'need socket.TCP_QUICKACK')
+class TestQuickackFlag(unittest.TestCase):
+    def check_set_quickack(self, sock):
+        # quickack already true by default on some OS distributions
+        opt = sock.getsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_QUICKACK)
+        if opt:
+            sock.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_QUICKACK, 0)
+
+        opt = sock.getsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_QUICKACK)
+        self.assertFalse(opt)
+
+        sock.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_QUICKACK, 1)
+
+        opt = sock.getsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_QUICKACK)
+        self.assertTrue(opt)
+
+    def test_set_quickack(self):
+        sock = socket.socket(family=socket.AF_INET, type=socket.SOCK_STREAM,
+                             proto=socket.IPPROTO_TCP)
+        with sock:
+            self.check_set_quickack(sock)
+
 
 @unittest.skipUnless(sys.platform.startswith("win"), "requires Windows")
 class TestMSWindowsTCPFlags(unittest.TestCase):
@@ -6725,7 +6867,9 @@ class TestMSWindowsTCPFlags(unittest.TestCase):
                        'TCP_KEEPCNT',
                        # available starting with Windows 10 1709
                        'TCP_KEEPIDLE',
-                       'TCP_KEEPINTVL'
+                       'TCP_KEEPINTVL',
+                       # available starting with Windows 7 / Server 2008 R2
+                       'TCP_QUICKACK',
                        }
 
     def test_new_tcp_flags(self):
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_sqlite3/test_cli.py b/Lib/test/test_sqlite3/test_cli.py
index 303f9e03b5383f..d014a9ce841607 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_sqlite3/test_cli.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_sqlite3/test_cli.py
@@ -34,7 +34,9 @@ def expect_failure(self, *args):
 
     def test_cli_help(self):
         out = self.expect_success("-h")
-        self.assertIn("usage: python -m sqlite3", out)
+        self.assertIn("usage: ", out)
+        self.assertIn(" [-h] [-v] [filename] [sql]", out)
+        self.assertIn("Python sqlite3 CLI", out)
 
     def test_cli_version(self):
         out = self.expect_success("-v")
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_sqlite3/test_dbapi.py b/Lib/test/test_sqlite3/test_dbapi.py
index 293baccaf1831d..488b401fb0054d 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_sqlite3/test_dbapi.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_sqlite3/test_dbapi.py
@@ -1434,7 +1434,7 @@ def test_blob_sequence_not_supported(self):
             self.blob + self.blob
         with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "unsupported operand"):
             self.blob * 5
-        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "is not iterable"):
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "is not.+iterable"):
             b"a" in self.blob
 
     def test_blob_context_manager(self):
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_sqlite3/test_dump.py b/Lib/test/test_sqlite3/test_dump.py
index d508f238f84fb5..550cea41976441 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_sqlite3/test_dump.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_sqlite3/test_dump.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ class DumpTests(MemoryDatabaseMixin, unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_table_dump(self):
         expected_sqls = [
+                "PRAGMA foreign_keys=OFF;",
                 """CREATE TABLE "index"("index" blob);"""
                 ,
                 """INSERT INTO "index" VALUES(X'01');"""
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ def test_table_dump(self):
         expected_sqls = [
             "PRAGMA foreign_keys=OFF;",
             "BEGIN TRANSACTION;",
-            *expected_sqls,
+            *expected_sqls[1:],
             "COMMIT;",
         ]
         [self.assertEqual(expected_sqls[i], actual_sqls[i])
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_ssl.py b/Lib/test/test_ssl.py
index 6ec010d13f9e7e..de5110a1cc4b6d 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_ssl.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_ssl.py
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 import sys
 import unittest
 import unittest.mock
+from ast import literal_eval
+from threading import Thread
 from test import support
 from test.support import import_helper
 from test.support import os_helper
@@ -82,46 +84,19 @@ def data_file(*name):
 CAFILE_NEURONIO = data_file("capath", "4e1295a3.0")
 CAFILE_CACERT = data_file("capath", "5ed36f99.0")
 
-CERTFILE_INFO = {
-    'issuer': ((('countryName', 'XY'),),
-               (('localityName', 'Castle Anthrax'),),
-               (('organizationName', 'Python Software Foundation'),),
-               (('commonName', 'localhost'),)),
-    'notAfter': 'Jan 24 04:21:36 2043 GMT',
-    'notBefore': 'Nov 25 04:21:36 2023 GMT',
-    'serialNumber': '53E14833F7546C29256DD0F034F776C5E983004C',
-    'subject': ((('countryName', 'XY'),),
-             (('localityName', 'Castle Anthrax'),),
-             (('organizationName', 'Python Software Foundation'),),
-             (('commonName', 'localhost'),)),
-    'subjectAltName': (('DNS', 'localhost'),),
-    'version': 3
-}
+with open(data_file('keycert.pem.reference')) as file:
+    CERTFILE_INFO = literal_eval(file.read())
 
 # empty CRL
 CRLFILE = data_file("revocation.crl")
 
 # Two keys and certs signed by the same CA (for SNI tests)
 SIGNED_CERTFILE = data_file("keycert3.pem")
+SINGED_CERTFILE_ONLY = data_file("cert3.pem")
 SIGNED_CERTFILE_HOSTNAME = 'localhost'
 
-SIGNED_CERTFILE_INFO = {
-    'OCSP': ('http://testca.pythontest.net/testca/ocsp/',),
-    'caIssuers': ('http://testca.pythontest.net/testca/pycacert.cer',),
-    'crlDistributionPoints': ('http://testca.pythontest.net/testca/revocation.crl',),
-    'issuer': ((('countryName', 'XY'),),
-            (('organizationName', 'Python Software Foundation CA'),),
-            (('commonName', 'our-ca-server'),)),
-    'notAfter': 'Oct 28 14:23:16 2037 GMT',
-    'notBefore': 'Aug 29 14:23:16 2018 GMT',
-    'serialNumber': 'CB2D80995A69525C',
-    'subject': ((('countryName', 'XY'),),
-             (('localityName', 'Castle Anthrax'),),
-             (('organizationName', 'Python Software Foundation'),),
-             (('commonName', 'localhost'),)),
-    'subjectAltName': (('DNS', 'localhost'),),
-    'version': 3
-}
+with open(data_file('keycert3.pem.reference')) as file:
+    SIGNED_CERTFILE_INFO = literal_eval(file.read())
 
 SIGNED_CERTFILE2 = data_file("keycert4.pem")
 SIGNED_CERTFILE2_HOSTNAME = 'fakehostname'
@@ -303,11 +278,19 @@ def test_wrap_socket(sock, *,
     return context.wrap_socket(sock, **kwargs)
 
 
+USE_SAME_TEST_CONTEXT = False
+_TEST_CONTEXT = None
+
 def testing_context(server_cert=SIGNED_CERTFILE, *, server_chain=True):
     """Create context
 
     client_context, server_context, hostname = testing_context()
     """
+    global _TEST_CONTEXT
+    if USE_SAME_TEST_CONTEXT:
+        if _TEST_CONTEXT is not None:
+            return _TEST_CONTEXT
+
     if server_cert == SIGNED_CERTFILE:
         hostname = SIGNED_CERTFILE_HOSTNAME
     elif server_cert == SIGNED_CERTFILE2:
@@ -325,6 +308,10 @@ def testing_context(server_cert=SIGNED_CERTFILE, *, server_chain=True):
     if server_chain:
         server_context.load_verify_locations(SIGNING_CA)
 
+    if USE_SAME_TEST_CONTEXT:
+        if _TEST_CONTEXT is not None:
+            _TEST_CONTEXT = client_context, server_context, hostname
+
     return client_context, server_context, hostname
 
 
@@ -409,6 +396,7 @@ def test_random(self):
         ssl.RAND_add(bytearray(b"this is a random bytearray object"), 75.0)
 
     def test_parse_cert(self):
+        self.maxDiff = None
         # note that this uses an 'unofficial' function in _ssl.c,
         # provided solely for this test, to exercise the certificate
         # parsing code
@@ -2826,6 +2814,44 @@ def test_echo(self):
                 'Cannot create a client socket with a PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER context',
                 str(e.exception))
 
+    @unittest.skipUnless(support.Py_GIL_DISABLED, "test is only useful if the GIL is disabled")
+    def test_ssl_in_multiple_threads(self):
+        # See GH-124984: OpenSSL is not thread safe.
+        threads = []
+
+        global USE_SAME_TEST_CONTEXT
+        USE_SAME_TEST_CONTEXT = True
+        try:
+            for func in (
+                self.test_echo,
+                self.test_alpn_protocols,
+                self.test_getpeercert,
+                self.test_crl_check,
+                self.test_check_hostname_idn,
+                self.test_wrong_cert_tls12,
+                self.test_wrong_cert_tls13,
+            ):
+                # Be careful with the number of threads here.
+                # Too many can result in failing tests.
+                for num in range(5):
+                    with self.subTest(func=func, num=num):
+                        threads.append(Thread(target=func))
+
+            with threading_helper.catch_threading_exception() as cm:
+                for thread in threads:
+                    with self.subTest(thread=thread):
+                        thread.start()
+
+                for thread in threads:
+                    with self.subTest(thread=thread):
+                        thread.join()
+                if cm.exc_value is not None:
+                    # Some threads can skip their test
+                    if not isinstance(cm.exc_value, unittest.SkipTest):
+                        raise cm.exc_value
+        finally:
+            USE_SAME_TEST_CONTEXT = False
+
     def test_getpeercert(self):
         if support.verbose:
             sys.stdout.write("\n")
@@ -4720,6 +4746,40 @@ def test_internal_chain_client(self):
                     ssl.PEM_cert_to_DER_cert(pem), der
                 )
 
+    def test_certificate_chain(self):
+        client_context, server_context, hostname = testing_context(
+            server_chain=False
+        )
+        server = ThreadedEchoServer(context=server_context, chatty=False)
+
+        with open(SIGNING_CA) as f:
+            expected_ca_cert = ssl.PEM_cert_to_DER_cert(f.read())
+
+        with open(SINGED_CERTFILE_ONLY) as f:
+            expected_ee_cert = ssl.PEM_cert_to_DER_cert(f.read())
+
+        with server:
+            with client_context.wrap_socket(
+                socket.socket(),
+                server_hostname=hostname
+            ) as s:
+                s.connect((HOST, server.port))
+                vc = s.get_verified_chain()
+                self.assertEqual(len(vc), 2)
+
+                ee, ca = vc
+                self.assertIsInstance(ee, bytes)
+                self.assertIsInstance(ca, bytes)
+                self.assertEqual(expected_ca_cert, ca)
+                self.assertEqual(expected_ee_cert, ee)
+
+                uvc = s.get_unverified_chain()
+                self.assertEqual(len(uvc), 1)
+                self.assertIsInstance(uvc[0], bytes)
+
+                self.assertEqual(ee, uvc[0])
+                self.assertNotEqual(ee, ca)
+
     def test_internal_chain_server(self):
         client_context, server_context, hostname = testing_context()
         client_context.load_cert_chain(SIGNED_CERTFILE)
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_stable_abi_ctypes.py b/Lib/test/test_stable_abi_ctypes.py
index c06c285c5013a6..fa08dc6a25b0ea 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_stable_abi_ctypes.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_stable_abi_ctypes.py
@@ -267,7 +267,6 @@ def test_windows_feature_macros(self):
     "PyExc_IOError",
     "PyExc_ImportError",
     "PyExc_ImportWarning",
-    "PyExc_IncompleteInputError",
     "PyExc_IndentationError",
     "PyExc_IndexError",
     "PyExc_InterruptedError",
@@ -372,6 +371,7 @@ def test_windows_feature_macros(self):
     "PyInterpreterState_New",
     "PyIter_Check",
     "PyIter_Next",
+    "PyIter_NextItem",
     "PyIter_Send",
     "PyListIter_Type",
     "PyListRevIter_Type",
@@ -391,23 +391,31 @@ def test_windows_feature_macros(self):
     "PyLongRangeIter_Type",
     "PyLong_AsDouble",
     "PyLong_AsInt",
+    "PyLong_AsInt32",
+    "PyLong_AsInt64",
     "PyLong_AsLong",
     "PyLong_AsLongAndOverflow",
     "PyLong_AsLongLong",
     "PyLong_AsLongLongAndOverflow",
     "PyLong_AsSize_t",
     "PyLong_AsSsize_t",
+    "PyLong_AsUInt32",
+    "PyLong_AsUInt64",
     "PyLong_AsUnsignedLong",
     "PyLong_AsUnsignedLongLong",
     "PyLong_AsUnsignedLongLongMask",
     "PyLong_AsUnsignedLongMask",
     "PyLong_AsVoidPtr",
     "PyLong_FromDouble",
+    "PyLong_FromInt32",
+    "PyLong_FromInt64",
     "PyLong_FromLong",
     "PyLong_FromLongLong",
     "PyLong_FromSize_t",
     "PyLong_FromSsize_t",
     "PyLong_FromString",
+    "PyLong_FromUInt32",
+    "PyLong_FromUInt64",
     "PyLong_FromUnsignedLong",
     "PyLong_FromUnsignedLongLong",
     "PyLong_FromVoidPtr",
@@ -705,12 +713,14 @@ def test_windows_feature_macros(self):
     "PyTuple_Size",
     "PyTuple_Type",
     "PyType_ClearCache",
+    "PyType_Freeze",
     "PyType_FromMetaclass",
     "PyType_FromModuleAndSpec",
     "PyType_FromSpec",
     "PyType_FromSpecWithBases",
     "PyType_GenericAlloc",
     "PyType_GenericNew",
+    "PyType_GetBaseByToken",
     "PyType_GetFlags",
     "PyType_GetFullyQualifiedName",
     "PyType_GetModule",
@@ -796,6 +806,7 @@ def test_windows_feature_macros(self):
     "PyUnicode_DecodeUnicodeEscape",
     "PyUnicode_EncodeFSDefault",
     "PyUnicode_EncodeLocale",
+    "PyUnicode_Equal",
     "PyUnicode_EqualToUTF8",
     "PyUnicode_EqualToUTF8AndSize",
     "PyUnicode_FSConverter",
@@ -890,12 +901,14 @@ def test_windows_feature_macros(self):
     "Py_MakePendingCalls",
     "Py_NewInterpreter",
     "Py_NewRef",
+    "Py_REFCNT",
     "Py_ReprEnter",
     "Py_ReprLeave",
     "Py_SetPath",
     "Py_SetProgramName",
     "Py_SetPythonHome",
     "Py_SetRecursionLimit",
+    "Py_TYPE",
     "Py_UTF8Mode",
     "Py_VaBuildValue",
     "Py_Version",
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_statistics.py b/Lib/test/test_statistics.py
index 0b28459f03d86a..c69baa4bf4d1b1 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_statistics.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_statistics.py
@@ -1072,7 +1072,7 @@ def test_no_inplace_modifications(self):
     def test_order_doesnt_matter(self):
         # Test that the order of data points doesn't change the result.
 
-        # CAUTION: due to floating point rounding errors, the result actually
+        # CAUTION: due to floating-point rounding errors, the result actually
         # may depend on the order. Consider this test representing an ideal.
         # To avoid this test failing, only test with exact values such as ints
         # or Fractions.
@@ -2434,18 +2434,22 @@ def integrate(func, low, high, steps=10_000):
         data.append(100)
         self.assertGreater(f_hat(100), 0.0)
 
-    def test_kde_kernel_invcdfs(self):
+    def test_kde_kernel_specs(self):
+        # White-box test for the kernel formulas in isolation from
+        # their downstream use in kde() and kde_random()
         kernel_specs = statistics._kernel_specs
-        kde = statistics.kde
 
         # Verify that cdf / invcdf will round trip
         xarr = [i/100 for i in range(-100, 101)]
+        parr = [i/1000 + 5/10000 for i in range(1000)]
         for kernel, spec in kernel_specs.items():
+            cdf = spec['cdf']
             invcdf = spec['invcdf']
             with self.subTest(kernel=kernel):
-                cdf = kde([0.0], h=1.0, kernel=kernel, cumulative=True)
                 for x in xarr:
                     self.assertAlmostEqual(invcdf(cdf(x)), x, places=6)
+                for p in parr:
+                    self.assertAlmostEqual(cdf(invcdf(p)), p, places=11)
 
     @support.requires_resource('cpu')
     def test_kde_random(self):
@@ -2795,7 +2799,7 @@ def test_sqrtprod_helper_function_fundamentals(self):
     @requires_IEEE_754
     @unittest.skipIf(HAVE_DOUBLE_ROUNDING,
                      "accuracy not guaranteed on machines with double rounding")
-    @support.cpython_only    # Allow for a weaker sumprod() implmentation
+    @support.cpython_only    # Allow for a weaker sumprod() implementation
     def test_sqrtprod_helper_function_improved_accuracy(self):
         # Test a known example where accuracy is improved
         x, y, target = 0.8035720646477457, 0.7957468097636939, 0.7996498651651661
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_str.py b/Lib/test/test_str.py
index 7bdd2881904548..4de6c1cba152bd 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_str.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_str.py
@@ -1665,7 +1665,7 @@ def test_startswith_endswith_errors(self):
             self.assertIn('str', exc)
             self.assertIn('tuple', exc)
 
-    @support.run_with_locale('LC_ALL', 'de_DE', 'fr_FR')
+    @support.run_with_locale('LC_ALL', 'de_DE', 'fr_FR', '')
     def test_format_float(self):
         # should not format with a comma, but always with C locale
         self.assertEqual('1.0', '%.1f' % 1.0)
@@ -1736,8 +1736,6 @@ def __str__(self):
             'character buffers are decoded to unicode'
         )
 
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, str, 42, 42, 42)
-
     def test_constructor_keyword_args(self):
         """Pass various keyword argument combinations to the constructor."""
         # The object argument can be passed as a keyword.
@@ -2432,8 +2430,10 @@ def __repr__(self):
         self.assertEqual(repr(s1()), '\\n')
 
     def test_printable_repr(self):
-        self.assertEqual(repr('\U00010000'), "'%c'" % (0x10000,)) # printable
-        self.assertEqual(repr('\U00014000'), "'\\U00014000'")     # nonprintable
+        # printable
+        self.assertEqual(repr('\U00010000'), "'%c'" % (0x10000,))
+        # nonprintable (private use area)
+        self.assertEqual(repr('\U00100001'), "'\\U00100001'")
 
     # This test only affects 32-bit platforms because expandtabs can only take
     # an int as the max value, not a 64-bit C long.  If expandtabs is changed
@@ -2652,22 +2652,45 @@ def test_check_encoding_errors(self):
         self.assertEqual(proc.rc, 10, proc)
 
     def test_str_invalid_call(self):
-        check = lambda *a, **kw: self.assertRaises(TypeError, str, *a, **kw)
-
         # too many args
-        check(1, "", "", 1)
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"str expected at most 3 arguments, got 4"):
+            str("too", "many", "argu", "ments")
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"str expected at most 3 arguments, got 4"):
+            str(1, "", "", 1)
 
         # no such kw arg
-        check(test=1)
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"str\(\) got an unexpected keyword argument 'test'"):
+            str(test=1)
 
         # 'encoding' must be str
-        check(1, encoding=1)
-        check(1, 1)
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"str\(\) argument 'encoding' must be str, not int"):
+            str(1, 1)
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"str\(\) argument 'encoding' must be str, not int"):
+            str(1, encoding=1)
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"str\(\) argument 'encoding' must be str, not bytes"):
+            str(b"x", b"ascii")
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"str\(\) argument 'encoding' must be str, not bytes"):
+            str(b"x", encoding=b"ascii")
 
         # 'errors' must be str
-        check(1, errors=1)
-        check(1, "", errors=1)
-        check(1, 1, 1)
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"str\(\) argument 'encoding' must be str, not int"):
+            str(1, 1, 1)
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"str\(\) argument 'errors' must be str, not int"):
+            str(1, errors=1)
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"str\(\) argument 'errors' must be str, not int"):
+            str(1, "", errors=1)
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"str\(\) argument 'errors' must be str, not bytes"):
+            str(b"x", "ascii", b"strict")
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"str\(\) argument 'errors' must be str, not bytes"):
+            str(b"x", "ascii", errors=b"strict")
+
+        # both positional and kwarg
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"argument for str\(\) given by name \('encoding'\) and position \(2\)"):
+            str(b"x", "utf-8", encoding="ascii")
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"str\(\) takes at most 3 arguments \(4 given\)"):
+            str(b"x", "utf-8", "ignore", encoding="ascii")
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"str\(\) takes at most 3 arguments \(4 given\)"):
+            str(b"x", "utf-8", "strict", errors="ignore")
 
 
 class StringModuleTest(unittest.TestCase):
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_strftime.py b/Lib/test/test_strftime.py
index cebfc8927862a7..752e31359cf206 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_strftime.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_strftime.py
@@ -183,8 +183,7 @@ class Y1900Tests(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_y_before_1900(self):
         # Issue #13674, #19634
         t = (1899, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
-        if (sys.platform == "win32"
-        or sys.platform.startswith(("aix", "sunos", "solaris"))):
+        if sys.platform.startswith(("aix", "sunos", "solaris")):
             with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
                 time.strftime("%y", t)
         else:
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_string_literals.py b/Lib/test/test_string_literals.py
index 371e8193b3544d..c7c6f684cd33f0 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_string_literals.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_string_literals.py
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ def test_eval_str_invalid_escape(self):
         self.assertEqual(exc.lineno, 1)
         self.assertEqual(exc.offset, 1)
 
-        # Check that the warning is raised ony once if there are syntax errors
+        # Check that the warning is raised only once if there are syntax errors
 
         with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
             warnings.simplefilter('always', category=SyntaxWarning)
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_strptime.py b/Lib/test/test_strptime.py
index 038746e26c24ad..9f5cfca9c7f124 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_strptime.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_strptime.py
@@ -5,13 +5,22 @@
 import locale
 import re
 import os
+import platform
 import sys
 from test import support
-from test.support import skip_if_buggy_ucrt_strfptime, warnings_helper
+from test.support import warnings_helper
+from test.support import skip_if_buggy_ucrt_strfptime, run_with_locales
 from datetime import date as datetime_date
 
 import _strptime
 
+libc_ver = platform.libc_ver()
+if libc_ver[0] == 'glibc':
+    glibc_ver = tuple(map(int, libc_ver[1].split('.')))
+else:
+    glibc_ver = None
+
+
 class getlang_Tests(unittest.TestCase):
     """Test _getlang"""
     def test_basic(self):
@@ -207,8 +216,8 @@ class StrptimeTests(unittest.TestCase):
     """Tests for _strptime.strptime."""
 
     def setUp(self):
-        """Create testing time tuple."""
-        self.time_tuple = time.gmtime()
+        """Create testing time tuples."""
+        self.time_tuple = time.localtime()
 
     def test_ValueError(self):
         # Make sure ValueError is raised when match fails or format is bad
@@ -283,60 +292,73 @@ def test_strptime_exception_context(self):
         # additional check for IndexError branch (issue #19545)
         with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as e:
             _strptime._strptime_time('19', '%Y %')
-        self.assertIs(e.exception.__suppress_context__, True)
+        self.assertIsNone(e.exception.__context__)
 
     def test_unconverteddata(self):
         # Check ValueError is raised when there is unconverted data
         self.assertRaises(ValueError, _strptime._strptime_time, "10 12", "%m")
 
-    def helper(self, directive, position):
+    def roundtrip(self, fmt, position, time_tuple=None):
         """Helper fxn in testing."""
-        fmt = "%d %Y" if directive == 'd' else "%" + directive
-        strf_output = time.strftime(fmt, self.time_tuple)
+        if time_tuple is None:
+            time_tuple = self.time_tuple
+        strf_output = time.strftime(fmt, time_tuple)
         strp_output = _strptime._strptime_time(strf_output, fmt)
-        self.assertTrue(strp_output[position] == self.time_tuple[position],
-                        "testing of '%s' directive failed; '%s' -> %s != %s" %
-                         (directive, strf_output, strp_output[position],
-                          self.time_tuple[position]))
+        self.assertEqual(strp_output[position], time_tuple[position],
+                        "testing of %r format failed; %r -> %r != %r" %
+                         (fmt, strf_output, strp_output[position],
+                          time_tuple[position]))
+        if support.verbose >= 3:
+            print("testing of %r format: %r -> %r" %
+                  (fmt, strf_output, strp_output[position]))
 
     def test_year(self):
         # Test that the year is handled properly
-        for directive in ('y', 'Y'):
-            self.helper(directive, 0)
+        self.roundtrip('%Y', 0)
+        self.roundtrip('%y', 0)
+        self.roundtrip('%Y', 0, (1900, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0))
+
         # Must also make sure %y values are correct for bounds set by Open Group
-        for century, bounds in ((1900, ('69', '99')), (2000, ('00', '68'))):
-            for bound in bounds:
-                strp_output = _strptime._strptime_time(bound, '%y')
-                expected_result = century + int(bound)
-                self.assertTrue(strp_output[0] == expected_result,
-                                "'y' test failed; passed in '%s' "
-                                "and returned '%s'" % (bound, strp_output[0]))
+        strptime = _strptime._strptime_time
+        self.assertEqual(strptime('00', '%y')[0], 2000)
+        self.assertEqual(strptime('68', '%y')[0], 2068)
+        self.assertEqual(strptime('69', '%y')[0], 1969)
+        self.assertEqual(strptime('99', '%y')[0], 1999)
 
     def test_month(self):
         # Test for month directives
-        for directive in ('B', 'b', 'm'):
-            self.helper(directive, 1)
+        self.roundtrip('%m', 1)
+
+    @run_with_locales('LC_TIME', 'C', 'en_US', 'fr_FR', 'de_DE', 'ja_JP', 'he_IL', '')
+    def test_month_locale(self):
+        # Test for month directives
+        self.roundtrip('%B', 1)
+        self.roundtrip('%b', 1)
+        for m in range(1, 13):
+            self.roundtrip('%B', 1, (1900, m, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0))
+            self.roundtrip('%b', 1, (1900, m, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0))
 
     def test_day(self):
         # Test for day directives
-        self.helper('d', 2)
+        self.roundtrip('%d %Y', 2)
 
     def test_hour(self):
         # Test hour directives
-        self.helper('H', 3)
-        strf_output = time.strftime("%I %p", self.time_tuple)
-        strp_output = _strptime._strptime_time(strf_output, "%I %p")
-        self.assertTrue(strp_output[3] == self.time_tuple[3],
-                        "testing of '%%I %%p' directive failed; '%s' -> %s != %s" %
-                         (strf_output, strp_output[3], self.time_tuple[3]))
+        self.roundtrip('%H', 3)
+
+    # NB: Only works on locales with AM/PM
+    @run_with_locales('LC_TIME', 'C', 'en_US', 'ja_JP')
+    def test_hour_locale(self):
+        # Test hour directives
+        self.roundtrip('%I %p', 3)
 
     def test_minute(self):
         # Test minute directives
-        self.helper('M', 4)
+        self.roundtrip('%M', 4)
 
     def test_second(self):
         # Test second directives
-        self.helper('S', 5)
+        self.roundtrip('%S', 5)
 
     def test_fraction(self):
         # Test microseconds
@@ -347,12 +369,18 @@ def test_fraction(self):
 
     def test_weekday(self):
         # Test weekday directives
-        for directive in ('A', 'a', 'w', 'u'):
-            self.helper(directive,6)
+        self.roundtrip('%w', 6)
+        self.roundtrip('%u', 6)
+
+    @run_with_locales('LC_TIME', 'C', 'en_US', 'fr_FR', 'de_DE', 'ja_JP', '')
+    def test_weekday_locale(self):
+        # Test weekday directives
+        self.roundtrip('%A', 6)
+        self.roundtrip('%a', 6)
 
     def test_julian(self):
         # Test julian directives
-        self.helper('j', 7)
+        self.roundtrip('%j', 7)
 
     def test_offset(self):
         one_hour = 60 * 60
@@ -449,20 +477,121 @@ def test_bad_timezone(self):
                     "time.daylight set to %s and passing in %s" %
                     (time.tzname, tz_value, time.daylight, tz_name))
 
-    def test_date_time(self):
+    # NB: Does not roundtrip in some locales due to the ambiguity of
+    # the date and time representation (bugs in locales?):
+    # * Seconds are not included: bem_ZM, bokmal, ff_SN, nb_NO, nn_NO,
+    #   no_NO, norwegian, nynorsk.
+    # * Hours are in 12-hour notation without AM/PM indication: hy_AM,
+    #   id_ID, ms_MY.
+    # * Year is not included: ha_NG.
+    # * Use non-Gregorian calendar: lo_LA, thai, th_TH.
+    #   On Windows: ar_IN, ar_SA, fa_IR, ps_AF.
+    #
+    # BUG: Generates regexp that does not match the current date and time
+    # for lzh_TW.
+    @run_with_locales('LC_TIME', 'C', 'en_US', 'fr_FR', 'de_DE', 'ja_JP',
+                      'he_IL', 'eu_ES', 'ar_AE', 'mfe_MU', 'yo_NG',
+                      'csb_PL', 'br_FR', 'gez_ET', 'brx_IN',
+                      'my_MM', 'or_IN', 'shn_MM', 'az_IR')
+    def test_date_time_locale(self):
         # Test %c directive
-        for position in range(6):
-            self.helper('c', position)
-
-    def test_date(self):
+        loc = locale.getlocale(locale.LC_TIME)[0]
+        if glibc_ver and glibc_ver < (2, 31) and loc == 'br_FR':
+            self.skipTest('%c in locale br_FR does not include time')
+        now = time.time()
+        self.roundtrip('%c', slice(0, 6), time.localtime(now))
+        # 1 hour 20 minutes 30 seconds ago
+        self.roundtrip('%c', slice(0, 6), time.localtime(now - 4830))
+        # 12 hours ago
+        self.roundtrip('%c', slice(0, 6), time.localtime(now - 12*3600))
+        # different days of the week
+        for i in range(1, 7):
+            self.roundtrip('%c', slice(0, 6), time.localtime(now - i*24*3600))
+        # different months
+        for i in range(1, 12):
+            self.roundtrip('%c', slice(0, 6), time.localtime(now - i*30*24*3600))
+        # different year
+        self.roundtrip('%c', slice(0, 6), time.localtime(now - 366*24*3600))
+
+    # NB: Dates before 1969 do not roundtrip on some locales:
+    # az_IR, bo_CN, bo_IN, dz_BT, eu_ES, eu_FR, fa_IR, or_IN.
+    @support.run_with_tz('STD-1DST,M4.1.0,M10.1.0')
+    @run_with_locales('LC_TIME', 'C', 'en_US', 'fr_FR', 'de_DE', 'ja_JP',
+                      'he_IL', 'ar_AE', 'mfe_MU', 'yo_NG',
+                      'csb_PL', 'br_FR', 'gez_ET', 'brx_IN',
+                      'my_MM', 'shn_MM')
+    def test_date_time_locale2(self):
+        # Test %c directive
+        loc = locale.getlocale(locale.LC_TIME)[0]
+        if sys.platform.startswith('sunos'):
+            if loc in ('ar_AE',):
+                self.skipTest(f'locale {loc!r} may not work on this platform')
+        self.roundtrip('%c', slice(0, 6), (1900, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0))
+        self.roundtrip('%c', slice(0, 6), (1800, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0))
+
+    # NB: Does not roundtrip because use non-Gregorian calendar:
+    # lo_LA, thai, th_TH. On Windows: ar_IN, ar_SA, fa_IR, ps_AF.
+    # BUG: Generates regexp that does not match the current date
+    # for lzh_TW.
+    @run_with_locales('LC_TIME', 'C', 'en_US', 'fr_FR', 'de_DE', 'ja_JP',
+                      'he_IL', 'eu_ES', 'ar_AE',
+                      'az_IR', 'my_MM', 'or_IN', 'shn_MM')
+    def test_date_locale(self):
         # Test %x directive
-        for position in range(0,3):
-            self.helper('x', position)
-
-    def test_time(self):
+        now = time.time()
+        self.roundtrip('%x', slice(0, 3), time.localtime(now))
+        # different days of the week
+        for i in range(1, 7):
+            self.roundtrip('%x', slice(0, 3), time.localtime(now - i*24*3600))
+        # different months
+        for i in range(1, 12):
+            self.roundtrip('%x', slice(0, 3), time.localtime(now - i*30*24*3600))
+        # different year
+        self.roundtrip('%x', slice(0, 3), time.localtime(now - 366*24*3600))
+
+    # NB: Dates before 1969 do not roundtrip on many locales, including C.
+    @unittest.skipIf(
+        support.is_emscripten or support.is_wasi,
+        "musl libc issue on Emscripten, bpo-46390"
+    )
+    @run_with_locales('LC_TIME', 'en_US', 'fr_FR', 'de_DE', 'ja_JP',
+                      'eu_ES', 'ar_AE', 'my_MM', 'shn_MM')
+    def test_date_locale2(self):
+        # Test %x directive
+        loc = locale.getlocale(locale.LC_TIME)[0]
+        if sys.platform.startswith('sunos'):
+            if loc in ('en_US', 'de_DE', 'ar_AE'):
+                self.skipTest(f'locale {loc!r} may not work on this platform')
+        self.roundtrip('%x', slice(0, 3), (1900, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0))
+        self.roundtrip('%x', slice(0, 3), (1800, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0))
+
+    # NB: Does not roundtrip in some locales due to the ambiguity of
+    # the time representation (bugs in locales?):
+    # * Seconds are not included: bokmal, ff_SN, nb_NO, nn_NO, no_NO,
+    #   norwegian, nynorsk.
+    # * Hours are in 12-hour notation without AM/PM indication: hy_AM,
+    #   ms_MY, sm_WS.
+    # BUG: Generates regexp that does not match the current time for lzh_TW.
+    @run_with_locales('LC_TIME', 'C', 'en_US', 'fr_FR', 'de_DE', 'ja_JP',
+                      'aa_ET', 'am_ET', 'az_IR', 'byn_ER', 'fa_IR', 'gez_ET',
+                      'my_MM', 'om_ET', 'or_IN', 'shn_MM', 'sid_ET', 'so_SO',
+                      'ti_ET', 'tig_ER', 'wal_ET')
+    def test_time_locale(self):
         # Test %X directive
-        for position in range(3,6):
-            self.helper('X', position)
+        loc = locale.getlocale(locale.LC_TIME)[0]
+        pos = slice(3, 6)
+        if glibc_ver and glibc_ver < (2, 29) and loc in {
+                'aa_ET', 'am_ET', 'byn_ER', 'gez_ET', 'om_ET',
+                'sid_ET', 'so_SO', 'ti_ET', 'tig_ER', 'wal_ET'}:
+            # Hours are in 12-hour notation without AM/PM indication.
+            # Ignore hours.
+            pos = slice(4, 6)
+        now = time.time()
+        self.roundtrip('%X', pos, time.localtime(now))
+        # 1 hour 20 minutes 30 seconds ago
+        self.roundtrip('%X', pos, time.localtime(now - 4830))
+        # 12 hours ago
+        self.roundtrip('%X', pos, time.localtime(now - 12*3600))
 
     def test_percent(self):
         # Make sure % signs are handled properly
@@ -714,12 +843,7 @@ def test_new_localetime(self):
 
     def test_TimeRE_recreation_locale(self):
         # The TimeRE instance should be recreated upon changing the locale.
-        locale_info = locale.getlocale(locale.LC_TIME)
-        try:
-            locale.setlocale(locale.LC_TIME, ('en_US', 'UTF8'))
-        except locale.Error:
-            self.skipTest('test needs en_US.UTF8 locale')
-        try:
+        with support.run_with_locale('LC_TIME', 'en_US.UTF8'):
             _strptime._strptime_time('10 2004', '%d %Y')
             # Get id of current cache object.
             first_time_re = _strptime._TimeRE_cache
@@ -736,10 +860,6 @@ def test_TimeRE_recreation_locale(self):
             # to the resetting to the original locale.
             except locale.Error:
                 self.skipTest('test needs de_DE.UTF8 locale')
-        # Make sure we don't trample on the locale setting once we leave the
-        # test.
-        finally:
-            locale.setlocale(locale.LC_TIME, locale_info)
 
     @support.run_with_tz('STD-1DST,M4.1.0,M10.1.0')
     def test_TimeRE_recreation_timezone(self):
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_struct.py b/Lib/test/test_struct.py
index 5508cc3eec85c8..5fee9fbb92acf4 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_struct.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_struct.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 from collections import abc
+from itertools import combinations
 import array
 import gc
 import math
@@ -9,14 +10,24 @@
 import weakref
 
 from test import support
-from test.support import import_helper, suppress_immortalization
+from test.support import import_helper
 from test.support.script_helper import assert_python_ok
+from test.support.testcase import ComplexesAreIdenticalMixin
 
 ISBIGENDIAN = sys.byteorder == "big"
 
 integer_codes = 'b', 'B', 'h', 'H', 'i', 'I', 'l', 'L', 'q', 'Q', 'n', 'N'
 byteorders = '', '@', '=', '<', '>', '!'
 
+INF = float('inf')
+NAN = float('nan')
+
+try:
+    struct.pack('C', 1j)
+    have_c_complex = True
+except struct.error:
+    have_c_complex = False
+
 def iter_integer_formats(byteorders=byteorders):
     for code in integer_codes:
         for byteorder in byteorders:
@@ -33,7 +44,7 @@ def bigendian_to_native(value):
     else:
         return string_reverse(value)
 
-class StructTest(unittest.TestCase):
+class StructTest(ComplexesAreIdenticalMixin, unittest.TestCase):
     def test_isbigendian(self):
         self.assertEqual((struct.pack('=i', 1)[0] == 0), ISBIGENDIAN)
 
@@ -96,6 +107,13 @@ def test_new_features(self):
             ('10s', b'helloworld', b'helloworld', b'helloworld', 0),
             ('11s', b'helloworld', b'helloworld\0', b'helloworld\0', 1),
             ('20s', b'helloworld', b'helloworld'+10*b'\0', b'helloworld'+10*b'\0', 1),
+            ('0p', b'helloworld', b'', b'', 1),
+            ('1p', b'helloworld', b'\x00', b'\x00', 1),
+            ('2p', b'helloworld', b'\x01h', b'\x01h', 1),
+            ('10p', b'helloworld', b'\x09helloworl', b'\x09helloworl', 1),
+            ('11p', b'helloworld', b'\x0Ahelloworld', b'\x0Ahelloworld', 0),
+            ('12p', b'helloworld', b'\x0Ahelloworld\0', b'\x0Ahelloworld\0', 1),
+            ('20p', b'helloworld', b'\x0Ahelloworld'+9*b'\0', b'\x0Ahelloworld'+9*b'\0', 1),
             ('b', 7, b'\7', b'\7', 0),
             ('b', -7, b'\371', b'\371', 0),
             ('B', 7, b'\7', b'\7', 0),
@@ -339,6 +357,7 @@ def assertStructError(func, *args, **kwargs):
     def test_p_code(self):
         # Test p ("Pascal string") code.
         for code, input, expected, expectedback in [
+                ('0p', b'abc', b'',                b''),
                 ('p',  b'abc', b'\x00',            b''),
                 ('1p', b'abc', b'\x00',            b''),
                 ('2p', b'abc', b'\x01a',           b'a'),
@@ -521,6 +540,9 @@ def __bool__(self):
 
         for c in [b'\x01', b'\x7f', b'\xff', b'\x0f', b'\xf0']:
             self.assertTrue(struct.unpack('>?', c)[0])
+            self.assertTrue(struct.unpack('<?', c)[0])
+            self.assertTrue(struct.unpack('=?', c)[0])
+            self.assertTrue(struct.unpack('@?', c)[0])
 
     def test_count_overflow(self):
         hugecount = '{}b'.format(sys.maxsize+1)
@@ -580,6 +602,7 @@ def test__sizeof__(self):
         self.check_sizeof('187s', 1)
         self.check_sizeof('20p', 1)
         self.check_sizeof('0s', 1)
+        self.check_sizeof('0p', 1)
         self.check_sizeof('0c', 0)
 
     def test_boundary_error_message(self):
@@ -674,7 +697,6 @@ def __del__(self):
         self.assertIn(b"Exception ignored in:", stderr)
         self.assertIn(b"C.__del__", stderr)
 
-    @suppress_immortalization()
     def test__struct_reference_cycle_cleaned_up(self):
         # Regression test for python/cpython#94207.
 
@@ -774,6 +796,30 @@ def test_repr(self):
         s = struct.Struct('=i2H')
         self.assertEqual(repr(s), f'Struct({s.format!r})')
 
+    @unittest.skipUnless(have_c_complex, "requires C11 complex type support")
+    def test_c_complex_round_trip(self):
+        values = [complex(*_) for _ in combinations([1, -1, 0.0, -0.0, 2,
+                                                     -3, INF, -INF, NAN], 2)]
+        for z in values:
+            for f in ['E', 'C', '>E', '>C', '<E', '<C']:
+                with self.subTest(z=z, format=f):
+                    round_trip = struct.unpack(f, struct.pack(f, z))[0]
+                    self.assertComplexesAreIdentical(z, round_trip)
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(have_c_complex, "requires no C11 complex type support")
+    def test_c_complex_error(self):
+        msg1 = "'E' format not supported on this system"
+        msg2 = "'C' format not supported on this system"
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(struct.error, msg1):
+            struct.pack('E', 1j)
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(struct.error, msg1):
+            struct.unpack('E', b'1')
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(struct.error, msg2):
+            struct.pack('C', 1j)
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(struct.error, msg2):
+            struct.unpack('C', b'1')
+
+
 class UnpackIteratorTest(unittest.TestCase):
     """
     Tests for iterative unpacking (struct.Struct.iter_unpack).
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_structseq.py b/Lib/test/test_structseq.py
index 6aec63e2603412..d0bc0bd7b61520 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_structseq.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_structseq.py
@@ -2,8 +2,10 @@
 import os
 import pickle
 import re
+import textwrap
 import time
 import unittest
+from test.support import script_helper
 
 
 class StructSeqTest(unittest.TestCase):
@@ -342,6 +344,17 @@ def test_copy_replace_with_unnamed_fields(self):
         with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, error_message):
             copy.replace(r, st_mode=1, error=2)
 
+    def test_reference_cycle(self):
+        # gh-122527: Check that a structseq that's part of a reference cycle
+        # with its own type doesn't crash. Previously, if the type's dictionary
+        # was cleared first, the structseq instance would crash in the
+        # destructor.
+        script_helper.assert_python_ok("-c", textwrap.dedent(r"""
+            import time
+            t = time.gmtime()
+            type(t).refcyle = t
+        """))
+
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_subprocess.py b/Lib/test/test_subprocess.py
index 8b69cd03ba7f24..f065b9c9bb1c2c 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_subprocess.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_subprocess.py
@@ -1407,7 +1407,7 @@ def open_fds():
         t = threading.Thread(target=open_fds)
         t.start()
         try:
-            with self.assertRaises(EnvironmentError):
+            with self.assertRaises(OSError):
                 subprocess.Popen(NONEXISTING_CMD,
                                  stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
                                  stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
@@ -3278,7 +3278,7 @@ def __int__(self):
                         1, 2, 3, 4,
                         True, True, 0,
                         None, None, None, -1,
-                        None, True)
+                        None)
                 self.assertIn('fds_to_keep', str(c.exception))
         finally:
             if not gc_enabled:
@@ -3413,25 +3413,6 @@ def __del__(self):
         self.assertEqual(out.strip(), b"OK")
         self.assertIn(b"preexec_fn not supported at interpreter shutdown", err)
 
-    @unittest.skipIf(not sysconfig.get_config_var("HAVE_VFORK"),
-                     "vfork() not enabled by configure.")
-    @mock.patch("subprocess._fork_exec")
-    @mock.patch("subprocess._USE_POSIX_SPAWN", new=False)
-    def test__use_vfork(self, mock_fork_exec):
-        self.assertTrue(subprocess._USE_VFORK)  # The default value regardless.
-        mock_fork_exec.side_effect = RuntimeError("just testing args")
-        with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError):
-            subprocess.run([sys.executable, "-c", "pass"])
-        mock_fork_exec.assert_called_once()
-        # NOTE: These assertions are *ugly* as they require the last arg
-        # to remain the have_vfork boolean. We really need to refactor away
-        # from the giant "wall of args" internal C extension API.
-        self.assertTrue(mock_fork_exec.call_args.args[-1])
-        with mock.patch.object(subprocess, '_USE_VFORK', False):
-            with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError):
-                subprocess.run([sys.executable, "-c", "pass"])
-            self.assertFalse(mock_fork_exec.call_args_list[-1].args[-1])
-
     @unittest.skipIf(not sysconfig.get_config_var("HAVE_VFORK"),
                      "vfork() not enabled by configure.")
     @unittest.skipIf(sys.platform != "linux", "Linux only, requires strace.")
@@ -3478,7 +3459,6 @@ def test_vfork_used_when_expected(self):
         # Test that each individual thing that would disable the use of vfork
         # actually disables it.
         for sub_name, preamble, sp_kwarg, expect_permission_error in (
-                ("!use_vfork", "subprocess._USE_VFORK = False", "", False),
                 ("preexec", "", "preexec_fn=lambda: None", False),
                 ("setgid", "", f"group={os.getgid()}", True),
                 ("setuid", "", f"user={os.getuid()}", True),
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_sundry.py b/Lib/test/test_sundry.py
index f4a8d434ed1b8c..d6d08ee53f821c 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_sundry.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_sundry.py
@@ -18,10 +18,11 @@ def test_untested_modules_can_be_imported(self):
                     self.fail('{} has tests even though test_sundry claims '
                               'otherwise'.format(name))
 
-            import html.entities
+            import html.entities  # noqa: F401
 
             try:
-                import tty  # Not available on Windows
+                # Not available on Windows
+                import tty  # noqa: F401
             except ImportError:
                 if support.verbose:
                     print("skipping tty")
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_super.py b/Lib/test/test_super.py
index 256b416caaa584..149016635522c3 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_super.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_super.py
@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
 """Unit tests for zero-argument super() & related machinery."""
 
+import copy
+import pickle
 import textwrap
+import threading
 import unittest
 from unittest.mock import patch
-from test.support import import_helper
+from test.support import import_helper, threading_helper
 
 
 ADAPTIVE_WARMUP_DELAY = 2
@@ -505,6 +508,107 @@ def some(cls):
         for _ in range(ADAPTIVE_WARMUP_DELAY):
             C.some(C)
 
+    @threading_helper.requires_working_threading()
+    def test___class___modification_multithreaded(self):
+        """ Note: this test isn't actually testing anything on its own.
+        It requires a sys audithook to be set to crash on older Python.
+        This should be the case anyways as our test suite sets
+        an audit hook.
+        """
+
+        class Foo:
+            pass
+
+        class Bar:
+            pass
+
+        thing = Foo()
+        def work():
+            foo = thing
+            for _ in range(200):
+                foo.__class__ = Bar
+                type(foo)
+                foo.__class__ = Foo
+                type(foo)
+
+
+        threads = []
+        for _ in range(6):
+            thread = threading.Thread(target=work)
+            thread.start()
+            threads.append(thread)
+
+        for thread in threads:
+            thread.join()
+
+    def test_special_methods(self):
+        for e in E(), E:
+            s = super(C, e)
+            self.assertEqual(s.__reduce__, e.__reduce__)
+            self.assertEqual(s.__reduce_ex__, e.__reduce_ex__)
+            self.assertEqual(s.__getstate__, e.__getstate__)
+            self.assertFalse(hasattr(s, '__getnewargs__'))
+            self.assertFalse(hasattr(s, '__getnewargs_ex__'))
+            self.assertFalse(hasattr(s, '__setstate__'))
+            self.assertFalse(hasattr(s, '__copy__'))
+            self.assertFalse(hasattr(s, '__deepcopy__'))
+
+    def test_pickling(self):
+        e = E()
+        e.x = 1
+        s = super(C, e)
+        for proto in range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
+            with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                u = pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(s, proto))
+                self.assertEqual(u.f(), s.f())
+                self.assertIs(type(u), type(s))
+                self.assertIs(type(u.__self__), E)
+                self.assertEqual(u.__self__.x, 1)
+                self.assertIs(u.__thisclass__, C)
+                self.assertIs(u.__self_class__, E)
+
+        s = super(C, E)
+        for proto in range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
+            with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                u = pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(s, proto))
+                self.assertEqual(u.cm(), s.cm())
+                self.assertEqual(u.f, s.f)
+                self.assertIs(type(u), type(s))
+                self.assertIs(u.__self__, E)
+                self.assertIs(u.__thisclass__, C)
+                self.assertIs(u.__self_class__, E)
+
+    def test_shallow_copying(self):
+        s = super(C, E())
+        self.assertIs(copy.copy(s), s)
+        s = super(C, E)
+        self.assertIs(copy.copy(s), s)
+
+    def test_deep_copying(self):
+        e = E()
+        e.x = [1]
+        s = super(C, e)
+        u = copy.deepcopy(s)
+        self.assertEqual(u.f(), s.f())
+        self.assertIs(type(u), type(s))
+        self.assertIsNot(u, s)
+        self.assertIs(type(u.__self__), E)
+        self.assertIsNot(u.__self__, e)
+        self.assertIsNot(u.__self__.x, e.x)
+        self.assertEqual(u.__self__.x, [1])
+        self.assertIs(u.__thisclass__, C)
+        self.assertIs(u.__self_class__, E)
+
+        s = super(C, E)
+        u = copy.deepcopy(s)
+        self.assertEqual(u.cm(), s.cm())
+        self.assertEqual(u.f, s.f)
+        self.assertIsNot(u, s)
+        self.assertIs(type(u), type(s))
+        self.assertIs(u.__self__, E)
+        self.assertIs(u.__thisclass__, C)
+        self.assertIs(u.__self_class__, E)
+
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_support.py b/Lib/test/test_support.py
index d160cbf0645b47..9a3cf140d81241 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_support.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_support.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 import io
 import os
 import shutil
+import signal
 import socket
 import stat
 import subprocess
@@ -70,7 +71,7 @@ def test_get_original_stdout(self):
         self.assertEqual(support.get_original_stdout(), sys.stdout)
 
     def test_unload(self):
-        import sched
+        import sched  # noqa: F401
         self.assertIn("sched", sys.modules)
         import_helper.unload("sched")
         self.assertNotIn("sched", sys.modules)
@@ -547,13 +548,14 @@ def test_optim_args_from_interpreter_flags(self):
             with self.subTest(opts=opts):
                 self.check_options(opts, 'optim_args_from_interpreter_flags')
 
+    @unittest.skipIf(support.is_apple_mobile, "Unstable on Apple Mobile")
     @unittest.skipIf(support.is_emscripten, "Unstable in Emscripten")
     @unittest.skipIf(support.is_wasi, "Unavailable on WASI")
     def test_fd_count(self):
-        # We cannot test the absolute value of fd_count(): on old Linux
-        # kernel or glibc versions, os.urandom() keeps a FD open on
-        # /dev/urandom device and Python has 4 FD opens instead of 3.
-        # Test is unstable on Emscripten. The platform starts and stops
+        # We cannot test the absolute value of fd_count(): on old Linux kernel
+        # or glibc versions, os.urandom() keeps a FD open on /dev/urandom
+        # device and Python has 4 FD opens instead of 3. Test is unstable on
+        # Emscripten and Apple Mobile platforms; these platforms start and stop
         # background threads that use pipes and epoll fds.
         start = os_helper.fd_count()
         fd = os.open(__file__, os.O_RDONLY)
@@ -732,6 +734,17 @@ def test_copy_python_src_ignore(self):
         self.assertEqual(support.copy_python_src_ignore(path, os.listdir(path)),
                          ignored)
 
+    def test_get_signal_name(self):
+        for exitcode, expected in (
+            (-int(signal.SIGINT), 'SIGINT'),
+            (-int(signal.SIGSEGV), 'SIGSEGV'),
+            (128 + int(signal.SIGABRT), 'SIGABRT'),
+            (3221225477, "STATUS_ACCESS_VIOLATION"),
+            (0xC00000FD, "STATUS_STACK_OVERFLOW"),
+        ):
+            self.assertEqual(support.get_signal_name(exitcode), expected,
+                             exitcode)
+
     # XXX -follows a list of untested API
     # make_legacy_pyc
     # is_resource_enabled
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_symtable.py b/Lib/test/test_symtable.py
index ef2a228b15ed4e..24d89b09d946ad 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_symtable.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_symtable.py
@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 """
 Test the API of the symtable module.
 """
+
+import re
+import textwrap
 import symtable
 import unittest
 
@@ -13,7 +16,7 @@
 
 glob = 42
 some_var = 12
-some_non_assigned_global_var = 11
+some_non_assigned_global_var: int
 some_assigned_global_var = 11
 
 class Mine:
@@ -49,10 +52,124 @@ def namespace_test(): pass
 def generic_spam[T](a):
     pass
 
-class GenericMine[T: int]:
+class GenericMine[T: int, U: (int, str) = int]:
     pass
 """
 
+TEST_COMPLEX_CLASS_CODE = """
+# The following symbols are defined in ComplexClass
+# without being introduced by a 'global' statement.
+glob_unassigned_meth: Any
+glob_unassigned_meth_pep_695: Any
+
+glob_unassigned_async_meth: Any
+glob_unassigned_async_meth_pep_695: Any
+
+def glob_assigned_meth(): pass
+def glob_assigned_meth_pep_695[T](): pass
+
+async def glob_assigned_async_meth(): pass
+async def glob_assigned_async_meth_pep_695[T](): pass
+
+# The following symbols are defined in ComplexClass after
+# being introduced by a 'global' statement (and therefore
+# are not considered as local symbols of ComplexClass).
+glob_unassigned_meth_ignore: Any
+glob_unassigned_meth_pep_695_ignore: Any
+
+glob_unassigned_async_meth_ignore: Any
+glob_unassigned_async_meth_pep_695_ignore: Any
+
+def glob_assigned_meth_ignore(): pass
+def glob_assigned_meth_pep_695_ignore[T](): pass
+
+async def glob_assigned_async_meth_ignore(): pass
+async def glob_assigned_async_meth_pep_695_ignore[T](): pass
+
+class ComplexClass:
+    a_var = 1234
+    a_genexpr = (x for x in [])
+    a_lambda = lambda x: x
+
+    type a_type_alias = int
+    type a_type_alias_pep_695[T] = list[T]
+
+    class a_class: pass
+    class a_class_pep_695[T]: pass
+
+    def a_method(self): pass
+    def a_method_pep_695[T](self): pass
+
+    async def an_async_method(self): pass
+    async def an_async_method_pep_695[T](self): pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    def a_classmethod(cls): pass
+    @classmethod
+    def a_classmethod_pep_695[T](self): pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def an_async_classmethod(cls): pass
+    @classmethod
+    async def an_async_classmethod_pep_695[T](self): pass
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def a_staticmethod(): pass
+    @staticmethod
+    def a_staticmethod_pep_695[T](self): pass
+
+    @staticmethod
+    async def an_async_staticmethod(): pass
+    @staticmethod
+    async def an_async_staticmethod_pep_695[T](self): pass
+
+    # These ones will be considered as methods because of the 'def' although
+    # they are *not* valid methods at runtime since they are not decorated
+    # with @staticmethod.
+    def a_fakemethod(): pass
+    def a_fakemethod_pep_695[T](): pass
+
+    async def an_async_fakemethod(): pass
+    async def an_async_fakemethod_pep_695[T](): pass
+
+    # Check that those are still considered as methods
+    # since they are not using the 'global' keyword.
+    def glob_unassigned_meth(): pass
+    def glob_unassigned_meth_pep_695[T](): pass
+
+    async def glob_unassigned_async_meth(): pass
+    async def glob_unassigned_async_meth_pep_695[T](): pass
+
+    def glob_assigned_meth(): pass
+    def glob_assigned_meth_pep_695[T](): pass
+
+    async def glob_assigned_async_meth(): pass
+    async def glob_assigned_async_meth_pep_695[T](): pass
+
+    # The following are not picked as local symbols because they are not
+    # visible by the class at runtime (this is equivalent to having the
+    # definitions outside of the class).
+    global glob_unassigned_meth_ignore
+    def glob_unassigned_meth_ignore(): pass
+    global glob_unassigned_meth_pep_695_ignore
+    def glob_unassigned_meth_pep_695_ignore[T](): pass
+
+    global glob_unassigned_async_meth_ignore
+    async def glob_unassigned_async_meth_ignore(): pass
+    global glob_unassigned_async_meth_pep_695_ignore
+    async def glob_unassigned_async_meth_pep_695_ignore[T](): pass
+
+    global glob_assigned_meth_ignore
+    def glob_assigned_meth_ignore(): pass
+    global glob_assigned_meth_pep_695_ignore
+    def glob_assigned_meth_pep_695_ignore[T](): pass
+
+    global glob_assigned_async_meth_ignore
+    async def glob_assigned_async_meth_ignore(): pass
+    global glob_assigned_async_meth_pep_695_ignore
+    async def glob_assigned_async_meth_pep_695_ignore[T](): pass
+"""
+
 
 def find_block(block, name):
     for ch in block.get_children():
@@ -65,6 +182,7 @@ class SymtableTest(unittest.TestCase):
     top = symtable.symtable(TEST_CODE, "?", "exec")
     # These correspond to scopes in TEST_CODE
     Mine = find_block(top, "Mine")
+
     a_method = find_block(Mine, "a_method")
     spam = find_block(top, "spam")
     internal = find_block(spam, "internal")
@@ -78,6 +196,7 @@ class SymtableTest(unittest.TestCase):
     GenericMine = find_block(top, "GenericMine")
     GenericMine_inner = find_block(GenericMine, "GenericMine")
     T = find_block(GenericMine, "T")
+    U = find_block(GenericMine, "U")
 
     def test_type(self):
         self.assertEqual(self.top.get_type(), "module")
@@ -87,13 +206,14 @@ def test_type(self):
         self.assertEqual(self.internal.get_type(), "function")
         self.assertEqual(self.foo.get_type(), "function")
         self.assertEqual(self.Alias.get_type(), "type alias")
-        self.assertEqual(self.GenericAlias.get_type(), "type parameter")
+        self.assertEqual(self.GenericAlias.get_type(), "type parameters")
         self.assertEqual(self.GenericAlias_inner.get_type(), "type alias")
-        self.assertEqual(self.generic_spam.get_type(), "type parameter")
+        self.assertEqual(self.generic_spam.get_type(), "type parameters")
         self.assertEqual(self.generic_spam_inner.get_type(), "function")
-        self.assertEqual(self.GenericMine.get_type(), "type parameter")
+        self.assertEqual(self.GenericMine.get_type(), "type parameters")
         self.assertEqual(self.GenericMine_inner.get_type(), "class")
-        self.assertEqual(self.T.get_type(), "TypeVar bound")
+        self.assertEqual(self.T.get_type(), "type variable")
+        self.assertEqual(self.U.get_type(), "type variable")
 
     def test_id(self):
         self.assertGreater(self.top.get_id(), 0)
@@ -205,12 +325,14 @@ def test_assigned(self):
 
     def test_annotated(self):
         st1 = symtable.symtable('def f():\n    x: int\n', 'test', 'exec')
-        st2 = st1.get_children()[0]
+        st2 = st1.get_children()[1]
+        self.assertEqual(st2.get_type(), "function")
         self.assertTrue(st2.lookup('x').is_local())
         self.assertTrue(st2.lookup('x').is_annotated())
         self.assertFalse(st2.lookup('x').is_global())
         st3 = symtable.symtable('def f():\n    x = 1\n', 'test', 'exec')
-        st4 = st3.get_children()[0]
+        st4 = st3.get_children()[1]
+        self.assertEqual(st4.get_type(), "function")
         self.assertTrue(st4.lookup('x').is_local())
         self.assertFalse(st4.lookup('x').is_annotated())
 
@@ -237,8 +359,86 @@ def test_name(self):
         self.assertEqual(self.spam.lookup("x").get_name(), "x")
         self.assertEqual(self.Mine.get_name(), "Mine")
 
-    def test_class_info(self):
-        self.assertEqual(self.Mine.get_methods(), ('a_method',))
+    def test_class_get_methods(self):
+        deprecation_mess = (
+            re.escape('symtable.Class.get_methods() is deprecated '
+                      'and will be removed in Python 3.16.')
+        )
+
+        with self.assertWarnsRegex(DeprecationWarning, deprecation_mess):
+            self.assertEqual(self.Mine.get_methods(), ('a_method',))
+
+        top = symtable.symtable(TEST_COMPLEX_CLASS_CODE, "?", "exec")
+        this = find_block(top, "ComplexClass")
+
+        with self.assertWarnsRegex(DeprecationWarning, deprecation_mess):
+            self.assertEqual(this.get_methods(), (
+                'a_method', 'a_method_pep_695',
+                'an_async_method', 'an_async_method_pep_695',
+                'a_classmethod', 'a_classmethod_pep_695',
+                'an_async_classmethod', 'an_async_classmethod_pep_695',
+                'a_staticmethod', 'a_staticmethod_pep_695',
+                'an_async_staticmethod', 'an_async_staticmethod_pep_695',
+                'a_fakemethod', 'a_fakemethod_pep_695',
+                'an_async_fakemethod', 'an_async_fakemethod_pep_695',
+                'glob_unassigned_meth', 'glob_unassigned_meth_pep_695',
+                'glob_unassigned_async_meth', 'glob_unassigned_async_meth_pep_695',
+                'glob_assigned_meth', 'glob_assigned_meth_pep_695',
+                'glob_assigned_async_meth', 'glob_assigned_async_meth_pep_695',
+            ))
+
+        # Test generator expressions that are of type TYPE_FUNCTION
+        # but will not be reported by get_methods() since they are
+        # not functions per se.
+        #
+        # Other kind of comprehensions such as list, set or dict
+        # expressions do not have the TYPE_FUNCTION type.
+
+        def check_body(body, expected_methods):
+            indented = textwrap.indent(body, ' ' * 4)
+            top = symtable.symtable(f"class A:\n{indented}", "?", "exec")
+            this = find_block(top, "A")
+            with self.assertWarnsRegex(DeprecationWarning, deprecation_mess):
+                self.assertEqual(this.get_methods(), expected_methods)
+
+        # statements with 'genexpr' inside it
+        GENEXPRS = (
+            'x = (x for x in [])',
+            'x = (x async for x in [])',
+            'type x[genexpr = (x for x in [])] = (x for x in [])',
+            'type x[genexpr = (x async for x in [])] = (x async for x in [])',
+            'genexpr = (x for x in [])',
+            'genexpr = (x async for x in [])',
+            'type genexpr[genexpr = (x for x in [])] = (x for x in [])',
+            'type genexpr[genexpr = (x async for x in [])] = (x async for x in [])',
+        )
+
+        for gen in GENEXPRS:
+            # test generator expression
+            with self.subTest(gen=gen):
+                check_body(gen, ())
+
+            # test generator expression + variable named 'genexpr'
+            with self.subTest(gen=gen, isvar=True):
+                check_body('\n'.join((gen, 'genexpr = 1')), ())
+                check_body('\n'.join(('genexpr = 1', gen)), ())
+
+        for paramlist in ('()', '(x)', '(x, y)', '(z: T)'):
+            for func in (
+                f'def genexpr{paramlist}:pass',
+                f'async def genexpr{paramlist}:pass',
+                f'def genexpr[T]{paramlist}:pass',
+                f'async def genexpr[T]{paramlist}:pass',
+            ):
+                with self.subTest(func=func):
+                    # test function named 'genexpr'
+                    check_body(func, ('genexpr',))
+
+                for gen in GENEXPRS:
+                    with self.subTest(gen=gen, func=func):
+                        # test generator expression + function named 'genexpr'
+                        check_body('\n'.join((gen, func)), ('genexpr',))
+                        check_body('\n'.join((func, gen)), ('genexpr',))
 
     def test_filename_correct(self):
         ### Bug tickler: SyntaxError file name correct whether error raised
@@ -302,11 +502,53 @@ def test_symbol_repr(self):
         self.assertEqual(repr(self.GenericMine.lookup("T")),
                          "<symbol 'T': LOCAL, DEF_LOCAL|DEF_TYPE_PARAM>")
 
+        st1 = symtable.symtable("[x for x in [1]]", "?", "exec")
+        self.assertEqual(repr(st1.lookup("x")),
+                         "<symbol 'x': LOCAL, USE|DEF_LOCAL|DEF_COMP_ITER>")
+
+        st2 = symtable.symtable("[(lambda: x) for x in [1]]", "?", "exec")
+        self.assertEqual(repr(st2.lookup("x")),
+                         "<symbol 'x': CELL, DEF_LOCAL|DEF_COMP_ITER|DEF_COMP_CELL>")
+
+        st3 = symtable.symtable("def f():\n"
+                                "   x = 1\n"
+                                "   class A:\n"
+                                "       x = 2\n"
+                                "       def method():\n"
+                                "           return x\n",
+                                "?", "exec")
+        # child 0 is for __annotate__
+        func_f = st3.get_children()[1]
+        class_A = func_f.get_children()[0]
+        self.assertEqual(repr(class_A.lookup('x')),
+                         "<symbol 'x': LOCAL, DEF_LOCAL|DEF_FREE_CLASS>")
+
     def test_symtable_entry_repr(self):
         expected = f"<symtable entry top({self.top.get_id()}), line {self.top.get_lineno()}>"
         self.assertEqual(repr(self.top._table), expected)
 
 
+class ComprehensionTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    def get_identifiers_recursive(self, st, res):
+        res.extend(st.get_identifiers())
+        for ch in st.get_children():
+            self.get_identifiers_recursive(ch, res)
+
+    def test_loopvar_in_only_one_scope(self):
+        # ensure that the loop variable appears only once in the symtable
+        comps = [
+            "[x for x in [1]]",
+            "{x for x in [1]}",
+            "{x:x*x for x in [1]}",
+        ]
+        for comp in comps:
+            with self.subTest(comp=comp):
+                st = symtable.symtable(comp, "?", "exec")
+                ids = []
+                self.get_identifiers_recursive(st, ids)
+                self.assertEqual(len([x for x in ids if x == 'x']), 1)
+
+
 class CommandLineTest(unittest.TestCase):
     maxDiff = None
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_syntax.py b/Lib/test/test_syntax.py
index 491f7fd7908e97..132e2b839627bc 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_syntax.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_syntax.py
@@ -59,6 +59,18 @@
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__
 
+>>> def __debug__(): pass
+Traceback (most recent call last):
+SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__
+
+>>> async def __debug__(): pass
+Traceback (most recent call last):
+SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__
+
+>>> class __debug__: pass
+Traceback (most recent call last):
+SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__
+
 >>> del __debug__
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 SyntaxError: cannot delete __debug__
@@ -786,6 +798,9 @@
 >>> __debug__: int
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__
+>>> x.__debug__: int
+Traceback (most recent call last):
+SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__
 >>> f(a=)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 SyntaxError: expected argument value expression
@@ -1182,6 +1197,24 @@
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    SyntaxError: expected ':'
 
+   >>> match x:
+   ...   case a, __debug__, b:
+   ...       pass
+   Traceback (most recent call last):
+   SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__
+
+   >>> match x:
+   ...   case a, b, *__debug__:
+   ...       pass
+   Traceback (most recent call last):
+   SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__
+
+   >>> match x:
+   ...   case Foo(a, __debug__=1, b=2):
+   ...       pass
+   Traceback (most recent call last):
+   SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__
+
    >>> if x = 3:
    ...    pass
    Traceback (most recent call last):
@@ -1275,6 +1308,15 @@
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    SyntaxError: expected 'except' or 'finally' block
 
+Custom error message for __debug__ as exception variable
+
+   >>> try:
+   ...    pass
+   ... except TypeError as __debug__:
+   ...    pass
+   Traceback (most recent call last):
+   SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__
+
 Custom error message for try block mixing except and except*
 
    >>> try:
@@ -1317,6 +1359,36 @@
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    SyntaxError: cannot have both 'except' and 'except*' on the same 'try'
 
+Better error message for using `except as` with not a name:
+
+   >>> try:
+   ...    pass
+   ... except TypeError as obj.attr:
+   ...    pass
+   Traceback (most recent call last):
+   SyntaxError: cannot use except statement with attribute
+
+   >>> try:
+   ...    pass
+   ... except TypeError as obj[1]:
+   ...    pass
+   Traceback (most recent call last):
+   SyntaxError: cannot use except statement with subscript
+
+   >>> try:
+   ...    pass
+   ... except* TypeError as (obj, name):
+   ...    pass
+   Traceback (most recent call last):
+   SyntaxError: cannot use except* statement with tuple
+
+   >>> try:
+   ...    pass
+   ... except* TypeError as 1:
+   ...    pass
+   Traceback (most recent call last):
+   SyntaxError: cannot use except* statement with literal
+
 Ensure that early = are not matched by the parser as invalid comparisons
    >>> f(2, 4, x=34); 1 $ 2
    Traceback (most recent call last):
@@ -1522,6 +1594,19 @@
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    IndentationError: expected an indented block after class definition on line 1
 
+   >>> class C(__debug__=42): ...
+   Traceback (most recent call last):
+   SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__
+
+   >>> class Meta(type):
+   ...     def __new__(*args, **kwargs):
+   ...         pass
+
+   >>> class C(metaclass=Meta, __debug__=42):
+   ...     pass
+   Traceback (most recent call last):
+   SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__
+
    >>> match something:
    ... pass
    Traceback (most recent call last):
@@ -1708,6 +1793,26 @@
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 SyntaxError: Did you mean to use 'from ... import ...' instead?
 
+>>> import __debug__
+Traceback (most recent call last):
+SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__
+
+>>> import a as __debug__
+Traceback (most recent call last):
+SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__
+
+>>> import a.b.c as __debug__
+Traceback (most recent call last):
+SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__
+
+>>> from a import __debug__
+Traceback (most recent call last):
+SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__
+
+>>> from a import b as __debug__
+Traceback (most recent call last):
+SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__
+
 # Check that we dont raise the "trailing comma" error if there is more
 # input to the left of the valid part that we parsed.
 
@@ -1827,7 +1932,31 @@
     ...   case 42 as 1+2+4:
     ...     ...
     Traceback (most recent call last):
-    SyntaxError: invalid pattern target
+    SyntaxError: cannot use expression as pattern target
+
+    >>> match ...:
+    ...   case 42 as a.b:
+    ...     ...
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+    SyntaxError: cannot use attribute as pattern target
+
+    >>> match ...:
+    ...   case 42 as (a, b):
+    ...     ...
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+    SyntaxError: cannot use tuple as pattern target
+
+    >>> match ...:
+    ...   case 42 as (a + 1):
+    ...     ...
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+    SyntaxError: cannot use expression as pattern target
+
+    >>> match ...:
+    ...   case (32 as x) | (42 as a()):
+    ...     ...
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+    SyntaxError: cannot use function call as pattern target
 
     >>> match ...:
     ...   case Foo(z=1, y=2, x):
@@ -2046,16 +2175,91 @@ def f(x: *b)
    ...
    SyntaxError: Type parameter list cannot be empty
 
+   >>> def f[T: (x:=3)](): pass
+   Traceback (most recent call last):
+      ...
+   SyntaxError: named expression cannot be used within a TypeVar bound
+
+   >>> def f[T: ((x:= 3), int)](): pass
+   Traceback (most recent call last):
+      ...
+   SyntaxError: named expression cannot be used within a TypeVar constraint
+
+   >>> def f[T = ((x:=3))](): pass
+   Traceback (most recent call last):
+      ...
+   SyntaxError: named expression cannot be used within a TypeVar default
+
+   >>> async def f[T: (x:=3)](): pass
+   Traceback (most recent call last):
+      ...
+   SyntaxError: named expression cannot be used within a TypeVar bound
+
+   >>> async def f[T: ((x:= 3), int)](): pass
+   Traceback (most recent call last):
+      ...
+   SyntaxError: named expression cannot be used within a TypeVar constraint
+
+   >>> async def f[T = ((x:=3))](): pass
+   Traceback (most recent call last):
+      ...
+   SyntaxError: named expression cannot be used within a TypeVar default
+
    >>> type A[T: (x:=3)] = int
    Traceback (most recent call last):
       ...
    SyntaxError: named expression cannot be used within a TypeVar bound
 
+   >>> type A[T: ((x:= 3), int)] = int
+   Traceback (most recent call last):
+      ...
+   SyntaxError: named expression cannot be used within a TypeVar constraint
+
+   >>> type A[T = ((x:=3))] = int
+   Traceback (most recent call last):
+      ...
+   SyntaxError: named expression cannot be used within a TypeVar default
+
+   >>> def f[T: (yield)](): pass
+   Traceback (most recent call last):
+      ...
+   SyntaxError: yield expression cannot be used within a TypeVar bound
+
+   >>> def f[T: (int, (yield))](): pass
+   Traceback (most recent call last):
+      ...
+   SyntaxError: yield expression cannot be used within a TypeVar constraint
+
+   >>> def f[T = (yield)](): pass
+   Traceback (most recent call last):
+      ...
+   SyntaxError: yield expression cannot be used within a TypeVar default
+
+   >>> def f[*Ts = (yield)](): pass
+   Traceback (most recent call last):
+      ...
+   SyntaxError: yield expression cannot be used within a TypeVarTuple default
+
+   >>> def f[**P = [(yield), int]](): pass
+   Traceback (most recent call last):
+      ...
+   SyntaxError: yield expression cannot be used within a ParamSpec default
+
    >>> type A[T: (yield 3)] = int
    Traceback (most recent call last):
       ...
    SyntaxError: yield expression cannot be used within a TypeVar bound
 
+   >>> type A[T: (int, (yield 3))] = int
+   Traceback (most recent call last):
+      ...
+   SyntaxError: yield expression cannot be used within a TypeVar constraint
+
+   >>> type A[T = (yield 3)] = int
+   Traceback (most recent call last):
+      ...
+   SyntaxError: yield expression cannot be used within a TypeVar default
+
    >>> type A[T: (await 3)] = int
    Traceback (most recent call last):
       ...
@@ -2066,6 +2270,31 @@ def f(x: *b)
       ...
    SyntaxError: yield expression cannot be used within a TypeVar bound
 
+   >>> class A[T: (yield 3)]: pass
+   Traceback (most recent call last):
+      ...
+   SyntaxError: yield expression cannot be used within a TypeVar bound
+
+   >>> class A[T: (int, (yield 3))]: pass
+   Traceback (most recent call last):
+      ...
+   SyntaxError: yield expression cannot be used within a TypeVar constraint
+
+   >>> class A[T = (yield)]: pass
+   Traceback (most recent call last):
+      ...
+   SyntaxError: yield expression cannot be used within a TypeVar default
+
+   >>> class A[*Ts = (yield)]: pass
+   Traceback (most recent call last):
+      ...
+   SyntaxError: yield expression cannot be used within a TypeVarTuple default
+
+   >>> class A[**P = [(yield), int]]: pass
+   Traceback (most recent call last):
+      ...
+   SyntaxError: yield expression cannot be used within a ParamSpec default
+
    >>> type A = (x := 3)
    Traceback (most recent call last):
       ...
@@ -2086,6 +2315,14 @@ def f(x: *b)
       ...
    SyntaxError: yield expression cannot be used within a type alias
 
+   >>> type __debug__ = int
+   Traceback (most recent call last):
+   SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__
+
+   >>> class A[__debug__]: pass
+   Traceback (most recent call last):
+   SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__
+
    >>> class A[T]((x := 3)): ...
    Traceback (most recent call last):
       ...
@@ -2587,6 +2824,39 @@ def test_deep_invalid_rule(self):
         with self.assertRaises(SyntaxError):
             compile(source, "<string>", "exec")
 
+    def test_except_stmt_invalid_as_expr(self):
+        self._check_error(
+            textwrap.dedent(
+                """
+                try:
+                    pass
+                except ValueError as obj.attr:
+                    pass
+                """
+            ),
+            errtext="cannot use except statement with attribute",
+            lineno=4,
+            end_lineno=4,
+            offset=22,
+            end_offset=22 + len("obj.attr"),
+        )
+
+    def test_match_stmt_invalid_as_expr(self):
+        self._check_error(
+            textwrap.dedent(
+                """
+                match 1:
+                    case x as obj.attr:
+                        ...
+                """
+            ),
+            errtext="cannot use attribute as pattern target",
+            lineno=3,
+            end_lineno=3,
+            offset=15,
+            end_offset=15 + len("obj.attr"),
+        )
+
 
 def load_tests(loader, tests, pattern):
     tests.addTest(doctest.DocTestSuite())
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_sys.py b/Lib/test/test_sys.py
index 1e5823f8883957..c0862d7d15f39e 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_sys.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_sys.py
@@ -206,6 +206,20 @@ def test_exit(self):
         self.assertEqual(out, b'')
         self.assertEqual(err, b'')
 
+        # gh-125842: Windows uses 32-bit unsigned integers for exit codes
+        # so a -1 exit code is sometimes interpreted as 0xffff_ffff.
+        rc, out, err = assert_python_failure('-c', 'import sys; sys.exit(0xffff_ffff)')
+        self.assertIn(rc, (-1, 0xff, 0xffff_ffff))
+        self.assertEqual(out, b'')
+        self.assertEqual(err, b'')
+
+        # Overflow results in a -1 exit code, which may be converted to 0xff
+        # or 0xffff_ffff.
+        rc, out, err = assert_python_failure('-c', 'import sys; sys.exit(2**128)')
+        self.assertIn(rc, (-1, 0xff, 0xffff_ffff))
+        self.assertEqual(out, b'')
+        self.assertEqual(err, b'')
+
         # call with integer argument
         with self.assertRaises(SystemExit) as cm:
             sys.exit(42)
@@ -731,8 +745,11 @@ def __hash__(self):
         if has_is_interned:
             self.assertIs(sys._is_interned(S("abc")), False)
 
+    @support.cpython_only
     @requires_subinterpreters
     def test_subinterp_intern_dynamically_allocated(self):
+        # Implementation detail: Dynamically allocated strings
+        # are distinct between interpreters
         s = "never interned before" + str(random.randrange(0, 10**9))
         t = sys.intern(s)
         self.assertIs(t, s)
@@ -740,24 +757,58 @@ def test_subinterp_intern_dynamically_allocated(self):
         interp = interpreters.create()
         interp.exec(textwrap.dedent(f'''
             import sys
-            t = sys.intern({s!r})
+
+            # set `s`, avoid parser interning & constant folding
+            s = str({s.encode()!r}, 'utf-8')
+
+            t = sys.intern(s)
+
             assert id(t) != {id(s)}, (id(t), {id(s)})
             assert id(t) != {id(t)}, (id(t), {id(t)})
             '''))
 
+    @support.cpython_only
     @requires_subinterpreters
     def test_subinterp_intern_statically_allocated(self):
+        # Implementation detail: Statically allocated strings are shared
+        # between interpreters.
         # See Tools/build/generate_global_objects.py for the list
         # of strings that are always statically allocated.
-        s = '__init__'
-        t = sys.intern(s)
+        for s in ('__init__', 'CANCELLED', '<module>', 'utf-8',
+                  '{{', '', '\n', '_', 'x', '\0', '\N{CEDILLA}', '\xff',
+                  ):
+            with self.subTest(s=s):
+                t = sys.intern(s)
 
-        interp = interpreters.create()
-        interp.exec(textwrap.dedent(f'''
-            import sys
-            t = sys.intern({s!r})
-            assert id(t) == {id(t)}, (id(t), {id(t)})
-            '''))
+                interp = interpreters.create()
+                interp.exec(textwrap.dedent(f'''
+                    import sys
+
+                    # set `s`, avoid parser interning & constant folding
+                    s = str({s.encode()!r}, 'utf-8')
+
+                    t = sys.intern(s)
+                    assert id(t) == {id(t)}, (id(t), {id(t)})
+                    '''))
+
+    @support.cpython_only
+    @requires_subinterpreters
+    def test_subinterp_intern_singleton(self):
+        # Implementation detail: singletons are used for 0- and 1-character
+        # latin1 strings.
+        for s in '', '\n', '_', 'x', '\0', '\N{CEDILLA}', '\xff':
+            with self.subTest(s=s):
+                interp = interpreters.create()
+                interp.exec(textwrap.dedent(f'''
+                    import sys
+
+                    # set `s`, avoid parser interning & constant folding
+                    s = str({s.encode()!r}, 'utf-8')
+
+                    assert id(s) == {id(s)}
+                    t = sys.intern(s)
+                    '''))
+                self.assertTrue(sys._is_interned(s))
 
     def test_sys_flags(self):
         self.assertTrue(sys.flags)
@@ -1005,14 +1056,10 @@ def test_debugmallocstats(self):
         # Output of sys._debugmallocstats() depends on configure flags.
         # The sysconfig vars are not available on Windows.
         if sys.platform != "win32":
-            with_freelists = sysconfig.get_config_var("WITH_FREELISTS")
             with_pymalloc = sysconfig.get_config_var("WITH_PYMALLOC")
-            if with_freelists:
-                self.assertIn(b"free PyDictObjects", err)
+            self.assertIn(b"free PyDictObjects", err)
             if with_pymalloc:
                 self.assertIn(b'Small block threshold', err)
-            if not with_freelists and not with_pymalloc:
-                self.assertFalse(err)
 
         # The function has no parameter
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, sys._debugmallocstats, True)
@@ -1566,7 +1613,8 @@ class C(object): pass
         def func():
             return sys._getframe()
         x = func()
-        check(x, size('3Pi2cP7P2ic??2P'))
+        INTERPRETER_FRAME = '9PhcP'
+        check(x, size('3PiccPP' + INTERPRETER_FRAME + 'P'))
         # function
         def func(): pass
         check(func, size('16Pi'))
@@ -1583,7 +1631,7 @@ def bar(cls):
             check(bar, size('PP'))
         # generator
         def get_gen(): yield 1
-        check(get_gen(), size('PP4P4c7P2ic??2P'))
+        check(get_gen(), size('6P4c' + INTERPRETER_FRAME + 'P'))
         # iterator
         check(iter('abc'), size('lP'))
         # callable-iterator
@@ -1672,6 +1720,7 @@ def delx(self): del self.__x
         fmt = 'P2nPI13Pl4Pn9Pn12PIPc'
         s = vsize(fmt)
         check(int, s)
+        typeid = 'n' if support.Py_GIL_DISABLED else ''
         # class
         s = vsize(fmt +                 # PyTypeObject
                   '4P'                  # PyAsyncMethods
@@ -1679,8 +1728,9 @@ def delx(self): del self.__x
                   '3P'                  # PyMappingMethods
                   '10P'                 # PySequenceMethods
                   '2P'                  # PyBufferProcs
-                  '6P'
-                  '1PIP'                 # Specializer cache
+                  '7P'
+                  '1PIP'                # Specializer cache
+                  + typeid              # heap type id (free-threaded only)
                   )
         class newstyleclass(object): pass
         # Separate block for PyDictKeysObject with 8 keys and 5 entries
@@ -1785,7 +1835,8 @@ def test_pythontypes(self):
         # symtable entry
         # XXX
         # sys.flags
-        check(sys.flags, vsize('') + self.P * len(sys.flags))
+        # FIXME: The +1 will not be necessary once gh-122575 is fixed
+        check(sys.flags, vsize('') + self.P * (1 + len(sys.flags)))
 
     def test_asyncgen_hooks(self):
         old = sys.get_asyncgen_hooks()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_sys_setprofile.py b/Lib/test/test_sys_setprofile.py
index 32e03d7cd25dbe..311a4d2cafe88d 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_sys_setprofile.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_sys_setprofile.py
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ def f(p):
     def test_caught_exception(self):
         def f(p):
             try: 1/0
-            except: pass
+            except ZeroDivisionError: pass
         f_ident = ident(f)
         self.check_events(f, [(1, 'call', f_ident),
                               (1, 'return', f_ident),
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ def f(p):
     def test_caught_nested_exception(self):
         def f(p):
             try: 1/0
-            except: pass
+            except ZeroDivisionError: pass
         f_ident = ident(f)
         self.check_events(f, [(1, 'call', f_ident),
                               (1, 'return', f_ident),
@@ -156,9 +156,9 @@ def f(p):
         def g(p):
             try:
                 f(p)
-            except:
+            except ZeroDivisionError:
                 try: f(p)
-                except: pass
+                except ZeroDivisionError: pass
         f_ident = ident(f)
         g_ident = ident(g)
         self.check_events(g, [(1, 'call', g_ident),
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ def g(p):
     def test_raise_twice(self):
         def f(p):
             try: 1/0
-            except: 1/0
+            except ZeroDivisionError: 1/0
         f_ident = ident(f)
         self.check_events(f, [(1, 'call', f_ident),
                               (1, 'return', f_ident),
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ def f(p):
     def test_raise_reraise(self):
         def f(p):
             try: 1/0
-            except: raise
+            except ZeroDivisionError: raise
         f_ident = ident(f)
         self.check_events(f, [(1, 'call', f_ident),
                               (1, 'return', f_ident),
@@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ def f(p):
     def test_caught_exception(self):
         def f(p):
             try: 1/0
-            except: pass
+            except ZeroDivisionError: pass
         f_ident = ident(f)
         self.check_events(f, [(1, 'call', f_ident),
                               (1, 'return', f_ident),
@@ -479,6 +479,20 @@ def f():
         sys.setprofile(lambda *args: None)
         f()
 
+    def test_method_with_c_function(self):
+        # gh-122029
+        # When we have a PyMethodObject whose im_func is a C function, we
+        # should record both the call and the return. f = classmethod(repr)
+        # is just a way to create a PyMethodObject with a C function.
+        class A:
+            f = classmethod(repr)
+        events = []
+        sys.setprofile(lambda frame, event, args: events.append(event))
+        A().f()
+        sys.setprofile(None)
+        # The last c_call is the call to sys.setprofile
+        self.assertEqual(events, ['c_call', 'c_return', 'c_call'])
+
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_sys_settrace.py b/Lib/test/test_sys_settrace.py
index ded1d9224d82d9..95cf0d1ec2d9ab 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_sys_settrace.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_sys_settrace.py
@@ -1650,15 +1650,15 @@ def func():
         EXPECTED_EVENTS = [
             (0, 'call'),
             (2, 'line'),
-            (1, 'line'),
             (-3, 'call'),
             (-2, 'line'),
             (-2, 'return'),
-            (4, 'line'),
             (1, 'line'),
+            (4, 'line'),
+            (2, 'line'),
             (-2, 'call'),
             (-2, 'return'),
-            (1, 'return'),
+            (2, 'return'),
         ]
 
         # C level events should be the same as expected and the same as Python level.
@@ -2857,7 +2857,7 @@ def test_no_jump_from_exception_event(output):
         output.append(1)
         1 / 0
 
-    @jump_test(3, 2, [2, 5], event='return')
+    @jump_test(3, 2, [2, 2, 5], event='return')
     def test_jump_from_yield(output):
         def gen():
             output.append(2)
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_sysconfig.py b/Lib/test/test_sysconfig.py
index 9233304c6a5327..1ade49281b4e26 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_sysconfig.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_sysconfig.py
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ def test_posix_venv_scheme(self):
         binpath = 'bin'
         incpath = 'include'
         libpath = os.path.join('lib',
-                               'python%d.%d' % sys.version_info[:2],
+                               f'python{sysconfig._get_python_version_abi()}',
                                'site-packages')
 
         # Resolve the paths in an imaginary venv/ directory
@@ -417,8 +417,8 @@ def test_user_similar(self):
                 if name == 'platlib':
                     # Replace "/lib64/python3.11/site-packages" suffix
                     # with "/lib/python3.11/site-packages".
-                    py_version_short = sysconfig.get_python_version()
-                    suffix = f'python{py_version_short}/site-packages'
+                    py_version_abi = sysconfig._get_python_version_abi()
+                    suffix = f'python{py_version_abi}/site-packages'
                     expected = expected.replace(f'/{sys.platlibdir}/{suffix}',
                                                 f'/lib/{suffix}')
                 self.assertEqual(user_path, expected)
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_tabnanny.py b/Lib/test/test_tabnanny.py
index cc122cafc7985c..30dcb3e3c4f4f9 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_tabnanny.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_tabnanny.py
@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ def validate_cmd(self, *args, stdout="", stderr="", partial=False, expect_failur
     def test_with_errored_file(self):
         """Should displays error when errored python file is given."""
         with TemporaryPyFile(SOURCE_CODES["wrong_indented"]) as file_path:
-            stderr  = f"{file_path!r}: Token Error: "
+            stderr  = f"{file_path!r}: Indentation Error: "
             stderr += ('unindent does not match any outer indentation level'
                        ' (<string>, line 3)')
             self.validate_cmd(file_path, stderr=stderr, expect_failure=True)
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_tarfile.py b/Lib/test/test_tarfile.py
index f715940de1d584..54d329a15d4d25 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_tarfile.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_tarfile.py
@@ -722,6 +722,24 @@ def format_mtime(mtime):
             tar.close()
             os_helper.rmtree(DIR)
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def test_extractall_default_filter():
+        # Test that the default filter is now "data", and the other filter types are not used.
+        DIR = pathlib.Path(TEMPDIR) / "extractall_default_filter"
+        with (
+            os_helper.temp_dir(DIR),
+            tarfile.open(tarname, encoding="iso8859-1") as tar,
+            unittest.mock.patch("tarfile.data_filter", wraps=tarfile.data_filter) as mock_data_filter,
+            unittest.mock.patch("tarfile.tar_filter", wraps=tarfile.tar_filter) as mock_tar_filter,
+            unittest.mock.patch("tarfile.fully_trusted_filter", wraps=tarfile.fully_trusted_filter) as mock_ft_filter
+        ):
+            directories = [t for t in tar if t.isdir()]
+            tar.extractall(DIR, directories)
+
+            mock_data_filter.assert_called()
+            mock_ft_filter.assert_not_called()
+            mock_tar_filter.assert_not_called()
+
     @os_helper.skip_unless_working_chmod
     def test_extract_directory(self):
         dirtype = "ustar/dirtype"
@@ -738,31 +756,6 @@ def test_extract_directory(self):
         finally:
             os_helper.rmtree(DIR)
 
-    def test_deprecation_if_no_filter_passed_to_extractall(self):
-        DIR = pathlib.Path(TEMPDIR) / "extractall"
-        with (
-            os_helper.temp_dir(DIR),
-            tarfile.open(tarname, encoding="iso8859-1") as tar
-        ):
-            directories = [t for t in tar if t.isdir()]
-            with self.assertWarnsRegex(DeprecationWarning, "Use the filter argument") as cm:
-                tar.extractall(DIR, directories)
-            # check that the stacklevel of the deprecation warning is correct:
-            self.assertEqual(cm.filename, __file__)
-
-    def test_deprecation_if_no_filter_passed_to_extract(self):
-        dirtype = "ustar/dirtype"
-        DIR = pathlib.Path(TEMPDIR) / "extractall"
-        with (
-            os_helper.temp_dir(DIR),
-            tarfile.open(tarname, encoding="iso8859-1") as tar
-        ):
-            tarinfo = tar.getmember(dirtype)
-            with self.assertWarnsRegex(DeprecationWarning, "Use the filter argument") as cm:
-                tar.extract(tarinfo, path=DIR)
-            # check that the stacklevel of the deprecation warning is correct:
-            self.assertEqual(cm.filename, __file__)
-
     def test_extractall_pathlike_dir(self):
         DIR = os.path.join(TEMPDIR, "extractall")
         with os_helper.temp_dir(DIR), \
@@ -1268,6 +1261,48 @@ def test_pax_number_fields(self):
         finally:
             tar.close()
 
+    def test_pax_header_bad_formats(self):
+        # The fields from the pax header have priority over the
+        # TarInfo.
+        pax_header_replacements = (
+            b" foo=bar\n",
+            b"0 \n",
+            b"1 \n",
+            b"2 \n",
+            b"3 =\n",
+            b"4 =a\n",
+            b"1000000 foo=bar\n",
+            b"0 foo=bar\n",
+            b"-12 foo=bar\n",
+            b"000000000000000000000000036 foo=bar\n",
+        )
+        pax_headers = {"foo": "bar"}
+
+        for replacement in pax_header_replacements:
+            with self.subTest(header=replacement):
+                tar = tarfile.open(tmpname, "w", format=tarfile.PAX_FORMAT,
+                                   encoding="iso8859-1")
+                try:
+                    t = tarfile.TarInfo()
+                    t.name = "pax"  # non-ASCII
+                    t.uid = 1
+                    t.pax_headers = pax_headers
+                    tar.addfile(t)
+                finally:
+                    tar.close()
+
+                with open(tmpname, "rb") as f:
+                    data = f.read()
+                    self.assertIn(b"11 foo=bar\n", data)
+                    data = data.replace(b"11 foo=bar\n", replacement)
+
+                with open(tmpname, "wb") as f:
+                    f.truncate()
+                    f.write(data)
+
+                with self.assertRaisesRegex(tarfile.ReadError, r"method tar: ReadError\('invalid header'\)"):
+                    tarfile.open(tmpname, encoding="iso8859-1")
+
 
 class WriteTestBase(TarTest):
     # Put all write tests in here that are supposed to be tested
@@ -4011,15 +4046,6 @@ def test_data_filter(self):
                 self.assertIs(filtered.name, tarinfo.name)
                 self.assertIs(filtered.type, tarinfo.type)
 
-    def test_default_filter_warns(self):
-        """Ensure the default filter warns"""
-        with ArchiveMaker() as arc:
-            arc.add('foo')
-        with warnings_helper.check_warnings(
-                ('Python 3.14', DeprecationWarning)):
-            with self.check_context(arc.open(), None):
-                self.expect_file('foo')
-
     def test_change_default_filter_on_instance(self):
         tar = tarfile.TarFile(tarname, 'r')
         def strict_filter(tarinfo, path):
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_tcl.py b/Lib/test/test_tcl.py
index 553d54329d7939..d479f7d7515d9b 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_tcl.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_tcl.py
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ def test_eval_null_in_result(self):
 
     def test_eval_surrogates_in_result(self):
         tcl = self.interp
-        self.assertIn(tcl.eval(r'set a "<\ud83d\udcbb>"'), '<\U0001f4bb>')
+        self.assertEqual(tcl.eval(r'set a "<\ud83d\udcbb>"'), '<\U0001f4bb>')
 
     def testEvalException(self):
         tcl = self.interp
@@ -61,11 +61,30 @@ def testEvalException2(self):
         tcl = self.interp
         self.assertRaises(TclError,tcl.eval,'this is wrong')
 
+    def test_eval_returns_tcl_obj(self):
+        tcl = self.interp.tk
+        tcl.eval(r'set a "\u20ac \ud83d\udcbb \0 \udcab"; regexp -about $a')
+        a = tcl.eval('set a')
+        expected = '\u20ac \U0001f4bb \0 \udced\udcb2\udcab'
+        self.assertEqual(a, expected)
+
     def testCall(self):
         tcl = self.interp
         tcl.call('set','a','1')
         self.assertEqual(tcl.call('set','a'),'1')
 
+    def test_call_passing_null(self):
+        tcl = self.interp
+        tcl.call('set', 'a', 'a\0b')  # ASCII-only
+        self.assertEqual(tcl.getvar('a'), 'a\x00b')
+        self.assertEqual(tcl.call('set', 'a'), 'a\x00b')
+        self.assertEqual(tcl.eval('set a'), 'a\x00b')
+
+        tcl.call('set', 'a', '\u20ac\0')  # non-ASCII
+        self.assertEqual(tcl.getvar('a'), '\u20ac\x00')
+        self.assertEqual(tcl.call('set', 'a'), '\u20ac\x00')
+        self.assertEqual(tcl.eval('set a'), '\u20ac\x00')
+
     def testCallException(self):
         tcl = self.interp
         self.assertRaises(TclError,tcl.call,'set','a')
@@ -74,11 +93,35 @@ def testCallException2(self):
         tcl = self.interp
         self.assertRaises(TclError,tcl.call,'this','is','wrong')
 
+    def test_call_returns_tcl_obj(self):
+        tcl = self.interp.tk
+        tcl.eval(r'set a "\u20ac \ud83d\udcbb \0 \udcab"; regexp -about $a')
+        a = tcl.call('set', 'a')
+        expected = '\u20ac \U0001f4bb \0 \udced\udcb2\udcab'
+        if self.wantobjects:
+            self.assertEqual(str(a), expected)
+            self.assertEqual(a.string, expected)
+            self.assertEqual(a.typename, 'regexp')
+        else:
+            self.assertEqual(a, expected)
+
     def testSetVar(self):
         tcl = self.interp
         tcl.setvar('a','1')
         self.assertEqual(tcl.eval('set a'),'1')
 
+    def test_setvar_passing_null(self):
+        tcl = self.interp
+        tcl.setvar('a', 'a\0b')  # ASCII-only
+        self.assertEqual(tcl.getvar('a'), 'a\x00b')
+        self.assertEqual(tcl.call('set', 'a'), 'a\x00b')
+        self.assertEqual(tcl.eval('set a'), 'a\x00b')
+
+        tcl.setvar('a', '\u20ac\0')  # non-ASCII
+        self.assertEqual(tcl.getvar('a'), '\u20ac\x00')
+        self.assertEqual(tcl.call('set', 'a'), '\u20ac\x00')
+        self.assertEqual(tcl.eval('set a'), '\u20ac\x00')
+
     def testSetVarArray(self):
         tcl = self.interp
         tcl.setvar('a(1)','1')
@@ -102,6 +145,18 @@ def testGetVarArrayException(self):
         tcl = self.interp
         self.assertRaises(TclError,tcl.getvar,'a(1)')
 
+    def test_getvar_returns_tcl_obj(self):
+        tcl = self.interp.tk
+        tcl.eval(r'set a "\u20ac \ud83d\udcbb \0 \udcab"; regexp -about $a')
+        a = tcl.getvar('a')
+        expected = '\u20ac \U0001f4bb \0 \udced\udcb2\udcab'
+        if self.wantobjects:
+            self.assertEqual(str(a), expected)
+            self.assertEqual(a.string, expected)
+            self.assertEqual(a.typename, 'regexp')
+        else:
+            self.assertEqual(a, expected)
+
     def testUnsetVar(self):
         tcl = self.interp
         tcl.setvar('a',1)
@@ -219,10 +274,18 @@ def test_evalfile_surrogates_in_result(self):
         with open(filename, 'wb') as f:
             f.write(b"""
             set a "<\xed\xa0\xbd\xed\xb2\xbb>"
+            """)
+        if tcl_version >= (9, 0):
+            self.assertRaises(TclError, tcl.evalfile, filename)
+        else:
+            tcl.evalfile(filename)
+            self.assertEqual(tcl.eval('set a'), '<\U0001f4bb>')
+
+        with open(filename, 'wb') as f:
+            f.write(b"""
             set b "<\\ud83d\\udcbb>"
             """)
         tcl.evalfile(filename)
-        self.assertEqual(tcl.eval('set a'), '<\U0001f4bb>')
         self.assertEqual(tcl.eval('set b'), '<\U0001f4bb>')
 
     def testEvalFileException(self):
@@ -541,6 +604,24 @@ def float_eq(actual, expected):
               '1 2 {3 4} {5 6} {}',
               (1, (2,), (3, 4), '5 6', ''))
 
+    def test_passing_tcl_obj(self):
+        tcl = self.interp.tk
+        a = None
+        def testfunc(arg):
+            nonlocal a
+            a = arg
+        self.interp.createcommand('testfunc', testfunc)
+        self.addCleanup(self.interp.tk.deletecommand, 'testfunc')
+        tcl.eval(r'set a "\u20ac \ud83d\udcbb \0 \udcab"; regexp -about $a')
+        tcl.eval(r'testfunc $a')
+        expected = '\u20ac \U0001f4bb \0 \udced\udcb2\udcab'
+        if self.wantobjects >= 2:
+            self.assertEqual(str(a), expected)
+            self.assertEqual(a.string, expected)
+            self.assertEqual(a.typename, 'regexp')
+        else:
+            self.assertEqual(a, expected)
+
     def test_splitlist(self):
         splitlist = self.interp.tk.splitlist
         call = self.interp.tk.call
@@ -665,6 +746,7 @@ def test_new_tcl_obj(self):
         support.check_disallow_instantiation(self, _tkinter.TkttType)
         support.check_disallow_instantiation(self, _tkinter.TkappType)
 
+
 class BigmemTclTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def setUp(self):
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_termios.py b/Lib/test/test_termios.py
index 22e397c7a409c4..d6eb00175b4c85 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_termios.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_termios.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 import sys
 import tempfile
 import unittest
+from test import support
 from test.support.import_helper import import_module
 
 termios = import_module('termios')
@@ -18,10 +19,16 @@ def setUp(self):
         tmp = self.enterContext(tempfile.TemporaryFile(mode='wb', buffering=0))
         self.bad_fd = tmp.fileno()
 
-    def assertRaisesTermiosError(self, errno, callable, *args):
+    def assertRaisesTermiosError(self, err, callable, *args):
+        # Some versions of Android return EACCES when calling termios functions
+        # on a regular file.
+        errs = [err]
+        if sys.platform == 'android' and err == errno.ENOTTY:
+            errs.append(errno.EACCES)
+
         with self.assertRaises(termios.error) as cm:
             callable(*args)
-        self.assertEqual(cm.exception.args[0], errno)
+        self.assertIn(cm.exception.args[0], errs)
 
     def test_tcgetattr(self):
         attrs = termios.tcgetattr(self.fd)
@@ -90,16 +97,18 @@ def test_tcsetattr_errors(self):
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, termios.tcsetattr, object(), termios.TCSANOW, attrs)
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, termios.tcsetattr, self.fd, termios.TCSANOW)
 
+    @support.skip_android_selinux('tcsendbreak')
     def test_tcsendbreak(self):
         try:
             termios.tcsendbreak(self.fd, 1)
         except termios.error as exc:
-            if exc.args[0] == errno.ENOTTY and sys.platform.startswith('freebsd'):
+            if exc.args[0] == errno.ENOTTY and sys.platform.startswith(('freebsd', "netbsd")):
                 self.skipTest('termios.tcsendbreak() is not supported '
                               'with pseudo-terminals (?) on this platform')
             raise
         termios.tcsendbreak(self.stream, 1)
 
+    @support.skip_android_selinux('tcsendbreak')
     def test_tcsendbreak_errors(self):
         self.assertRaises(OverflowError, termios.tcsendbreak, self.fd, 2**1000)
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, termios.tcsendbreak, self.fd, 0.0)
@@ -110,10 +119,12 @@ def test_tcsendbreak_errors(self):
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, termios.tcsendbreak, object(), 0)
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, termios.tcsendbreak, self.fd)
 
+    @support.skip_android_selinux('tcdrain')
     def test_tcdrain(self):
         termios.tcdrain(self.fd)
         termios.tcdrain(self.stream)
 
+    @support.skip_android_selinux('tcdrain')
     def test_tcdrain_errors(self):
         self.assertRaisesTermiosError(errno.ENOTTY, termios.tcdrain, self.bad_fd)
         self.assertRaises(ValueError, termios.tcdrain, -1)
@@ -136,12 +147,14 @@ def test_tcflush_errors(self):
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, termios.tcflush, object(), termios.TCIFLUSH)
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, termios.tcflush, self.fd)
 
+    @support.skip_android_selinux('tcflow')
     def test_tcflow(self):
         termios.tcflow(self.fd, termios.TCOOFF)
         termios.tcflow(self.fd, termios.TCOON)
         termios.tcflow(self.fd, termios.TCIOFF)
         termios.tcflow(self.fd, termios.TCION)
 
+    @support.skip_android_selinux('tcflow')
     def test_tcflow_errors(self):
         self.assertRaisesTermiosError(errno.EINVAL, termios.tcflow, self.fd, -1)
         self.assertRaises(OverflowError, termios.tcflow, self.fd, 2**1000)
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_threading.py b/Lib/test/test_threading.py
index 329767aa82e336..3ca5f5ce1b7068 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_threading.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_threading.py
@@ -1171,6 +1171,76 @@ def __del__(self):
         self.assertEqual(out.strip(), b"OK")
         self.assertIn(b"can't create new thread at interpreter shutdown", err)
 
+    @cpython_only
+    def test_finalize_daemon_thread_hang(self):
+        if support.check_sanitizer(thread=True, memory=True):
+            # the thread running `time.sleep(100)` below will still be alive
+            # at process exit
+            self.skipTest(
+                    "https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/124878 - Known"
+                    " race condition that TSAN identifies.")
+        # gh-87135: tests that daemon threads hang during finalization
+        script = textwrap.dedent('''
+            import os
+            import sys
+            import threading
+            import time
+            import _testcapi
+
+            lock = threading.Lock()
+            lock.acquire()
+            thread_started_event = threading.Event()
+            def thread_func():
+                try:
+                    thread_started_event.set()
+                    _testcapi.finalize_thread_hang(lock.acquire)
+                finally:
+                    # Control must not reach here.
+                    os._exit(2)
+
+            t = threading.Thread(target=thread_func)
+            t.daemon = True
+            t.start()
+            thread_started_event.wait()
+            # Sleep to ensure daemon thread is blocked on `lock.acquire`
+            #
+            # Note: This test is designed so that in the unlikely case that
+            # `0.1` seconds is not sufficient time for the thread to become
+            # blocked on `lock.acquire`, the test will still pass, it just
+            # won't be properly testing the thread behavior during
+            # finalization.
+            time.sleep(0.1)
+
+            def run_during_finalization():
+                # Wake up daemon thread
+                lock.release()
+                # Sleep to give the daemon thread time to crash if it is going
+                # to.
+                #
+                # Note: If due to an exceptionally slow execution this delay is
+                # insufficient, the test will still pass but will simply be
+                # ineffective as a test.
+                time.sleep(0.1)
+                # If control reaches here, the test succeeded.
+                os._exit(0)
+
+            # Replace sys.stderr.flush as a way to run code during finalization
+            orig_flush = sys.stderr.flush
+            def do_flush(*args, **kwargs):
+                orig_flush(*args, **kwargs)
+                if not sys.is_finalizing:
+                    return
+                sys.stderr.flush = orig_flush
+                run_during_finalization()
+
+            sys.stderr.flush = do_flush
+
+            # If the follow exit code is retained, `run_during_finalization`
+            # did not run.
+            sys.exit(1)
+        ''')
+        assert_python_ok("-c", script)
+
 class ThreadJoinOnShutdown(BaseTestCase):
 
     def _run_and_join(self, script):
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_time.py b/Lib/test/test_time.py
index 293799ff68ea05..d368f08b610870 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_time.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_time.py
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 from test.support import warnings_helper
 import decimal
 import enum
-import locale
 import math
 import platform
 import sys
@@ -19,7 +18,7 @@
 except ImportError:
     _testinternalcapi = None
 
-from test.support import skip_if_buggy_ucrt_strfptime
+from test.support import skip_if_buggy_ucrt_strfptime, SuppressCrashReport
 
 # Max year is only limited by the size of C int.
 SIZEOF_INT = sysconfig.get_config_var('SIZEOF_INT') or 4
@@ -182,8 +181,44 @@ def test_strftime(self):
                 self.fail('conversion specifier: %r failed.' % format)
 
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, time.strftime, b'%S', tt)
-        # embedded null character
-        self.assertRaises(ValueError, time.strftime, '%S\0', tt)
+
+    def test_strftime_invalid_format(self):
+        tt = time.gmtime(self.t)
+        with SuppressCrashReport():
+            for i in range(1, 128):
+                format = ' %' + chr(i)
+                with self.subTest(format=format):
+                    try:
+                        time.strftime(format, tt)
+                    except ValueError as exc:
+                        self.assertEqual(str(exc), 'Invalid format string')
+
+    def test_strftime_special(self):
+        tt = time.gmtime(self.t)
+        s1 = time.strftime('%c', tt)
+        s2 = time.strftime('%B', tt)
+        # gh-52551, gh-78662: Unicode strings should pass through strftime,
+        # independently from locale.
+        self.assertEqual(time.strftime('\U0001f40d', tt), '\U0001f40d')
+        self.assertEqual(time.strftime('\U0001f4bb%c\U0001f40d%B', tt), f'\U0001f4bb{s1}\U0001f40d{s2}')
+        self.assertEqual(time.strftime('%c\U0001f4bb%B\U0001f40d', tt), f'{s1}\U0001f4bb{s2}\U0001f40d')
+        # Lone surrogates should pass through.
+        self.assertEqual(time.strftime('\ud83d', tt), '\ud83d')
+        self.assertEqual(time.strftime('\udc0d', tt), '\udc0d')
+        self.assertEqual(time.strftime('\ud83d%c\udc0d%B', tt), f'\ud83d{s1}\udc0d{s2}')
+        self.assertEqual(time.strftime('%c\ud83d%B\udc0d', tt), f'{s1}\ud83d{s2}\udc0d')
+        self.assertEqual(time.strftime('%c\udc0d%B\ud83d', tt), f'{s1}\udc0d{s2}\ud83d')
+        # Surrogate pairs should not recombine.
+        self.assertEqual(time.strftime('\ud83d\udc0d', tt), '\ud83d\udc0d')
+        self.assertEqual(time.strftime('%c\ud83d\udc0d%B', tt), f'{s1}\ud83d\udc0d{s2}')
+        # Surrogate-escaped bytes should not recombine.
+        self.assertEqual(time.strftime('\udcf0\udc9f\udc90\udc8d', tt), '\udcf0\udc9f\udc90\udc8d')
+        self.assertEqual(time.strftime('%c\udcf0\udc9f\udc90\udc8d%B', tt), f'{s1}\udcf0\udc9f\udc90\udc8d{s2}')
+        # gh-124531: The null character should not terminate the format string.
+        self.assertEqual(time.strftime('\0', tt), '\0')
+        self.assertEqual(time.strftime('\0'*1000, tt), '\0'*1000)
+        self.assertEqual(time.strftime('\0%c\0%B', tt), f'\0{s1}\0{s2}')
+        self.assertEqual(time.strftime('%c\0%B\0', tt), f'{s1}\0{s2}\0')
 
     def _bounds_checking(self, func):
         # Make sure that strftime() checks the bounds of the various parts
@@ -299,7 +334,7 @@ def test_strptime_exception_context(self):
         # additional check for IndexError branch (issue #19545)
         with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as e:
             time.strptime('19', '%Y %')
-        self.assertIs(e.exception.__suppress_context__, True)
+        self.assertIsNone(e.exception.__context__)
 
     def test_strptime_leap_year(self):
         # GH-70647: warns if parsing a format with a day and no year.
@@ -600,17 +635,8 @@ def test_get_clock_info(self):
 
 
 class TestLocale(unittest.TestCase):
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.oldloc = locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL)
-
-    def tearDown(self):
-        locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, self.oldloc)
-
+    @support.run_with_locale('LC_ALL', 'fr_FR', '')
     def test_bug_3061(self):
-        try:
-            tmp = locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, "fr_FR")
-        except locale.Error:
-            self.skipTest('could not set locale.LC_ALL to fr_FR')
         # This should not cause an exception
         time.strftime("%B", (2009,2,1,0,0,0,0,0,0))
 
@@ -654,8 +680,7 @@ def year4d(y):
             self.test_year('%04d', func=year4d)
 
     def skip_if_not_supported(y):
-        msg = "strftime() is limited to [1; 9999] with Visual Studio"
-        # Check that it doesn't crash for year > 9999
+        msg = f"strftime() does not support year {y} on this platform"
         try:
             time.strftime('%Y', (y,) + (0,) * 8)
         except ValueError:
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_tkinter/test_geometry_managers.py b/Lib/test/test_tkinter/test_geometry_managers.py
index f8f1c895c56340..d71a634a767310 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_tkinter/test_geometry_managers.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_tkinter/test_geometry_managers.py
@@ -10,6 +10,11 @@
 requires('gui')
 
 
+EXPECTED_FLOAT_ERRMSG = 'expected floating-point number but got "{}"'
+EXPECTED_FLOAT_OR_EMPTY_ERRMSG = 'expected floating-point number (or "" )?but got "{}"'
+EXPECTED_SCREEN_DISTANCE_ERRMSG = '(bad|expected) screen distance (but got )?"{}"'
+EXPECTED_SCREEN_DISTANCE_OR_EMPTY_ERRMSG = '(bad|expected) screen distance (or "" but got )?"{}"'
+
 class PackTest(AbstractWidgetTest, unittest.TestCase):
 
     test_keys = None
@@ -317,7 +322,8 @@ def test_place_configure_x(self):
         self.assertEqual(f2.place_info()['x'], '-10')
         self.root.update()
         self.assertEqual(f2.winfo_x(), 190)
-        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TclError, 'bad screen distance "spam"'):
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TclError,
+                EXPECTED_SCREEN_DISTANCE_ERRMSG.format('spam')):
             f2.place_configure(in_=f, x='spam')
 
     def test_place_configure_y(self):
@@ -334,7 +340,8 @@ def test_place_configure_y(self):
         self.assertEqual(f2.place_info()['y'], '-10')
         self.root.update()
         self.assertEqual(f2.winfo_y(), 110)
-        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TclError, 'bad screen distance "spam"'):
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TclError,
+                EXPECTED_SCREEN_DISTANCE_ERRMSG.format('spam')):
             f2.place_configure(in_=f, y='spam')
 
     def test_place_configure_relx(self):
@@ -351,8 +358,7 @@ def test_place_configure_relx(self):
         self.assertEqual(f2.place_info()['relx'], '1')
         self.root.update()
         self.assertEqual(f2.winfo_x(), 200)
-        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TclError, 'expected floating-point number '
-                                    'but got "spam"'):
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TclError, EXPECTED_FLOAT_ERRMSG.format('spam')):
             f2.place_configure(in_=f, relx='spam')
 
     def test_place_configure_rely(self):
@@ -369,8 +375,7 @@ def test_place_configure_rely(self):
         self.assertEqual(f2.place_info()['rely'], '1')
         self.root.update()
         self.assertEqual(f2.winfo_y(), 120)
-        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TclError, 'expected floating-point number '
-                                    'but got "spam"'):
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TclError, EXPECTED_FLOAT_ERRMSG.format('spam')):
             f2.place_configure(in_=f, rely='spam')
 
     def test_place_configure_anchor(self):
@@ -391,7 +396,8 @@ def test_place_configure_width(self):
         f2.place_configure(width='')
         self.root.update()
         self.assertEqual(f2.winfo_width(), 30)
-        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TclError, 'bad screen distance "abcd"'):
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TclError,
+                EXPECTED_SCREEN_DISTANCE_OR_EMPTY_ERRMSG.format('abcd')):
             f2.place_configure(width='abcd')
 
     def test_place_configure_height(self):
@@ -402,7 +408,8 @@ def test_place_configure_height(self):
         f2.place_configure(height='')
         self.root.update()
         self.assertEqual(f2.winfo_height(), 60)
-        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TclError, 'bad screen distance "abcd"'):
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TclError,
+                EXPECTED_SCREEN_DISTANCE_OR_EMPTY_ERRMSG.format('abcd')):
             f2.place_configure(height='abcd')
 
     def test_place_configure_relwidth(self):
@@ -413,8 +420,7 @@ def test_place_configure_relwidth(self):
         f2.place_configure(relwidth='')
         self.root.update()
         self.assertEqual(f2.winfo_width(), 30)
-        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TclError, 'expected floating-point number '
-                                    'but got "abcd"'):
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TclError, EXPECTED_FLOAT_OR_EMPTY_ERRMSG.format('abcd')):
             f2.place_configure(relwidth='abcd')
 
     def test_place_configure_relheight(self):
@@ -425,8 +431,7 @@ def test_place_configure_relheight(self):
         f2.place_configure(relheight='')
         self.root.update()
         self.assertEqual(f2.winfo_height(), 60)
-        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TclError, 'expected floating-point number '
-                                    'but got "abcd"'):
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TclError, EXPECTED_FLOAT_OR_EMPTY_ERRMSG.format('abcd')):
             f2.place_configure(relheight='abcd')
 
     def test_place_configure_bordermode(self):
@@ -629,7 +634,8 @@ def test_grid_columnconfigure(self):
         self.assertEqual(self.root.grid_columnconfigure(0, 'weight'), 4)
 
     def test_grid_columnconfigure_minsize(self):
-        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TclError, 'bad screen distance "foo"'):
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TclError,
+                EXPECTED_SCREEN_DISTANCE_ERRMSG.format('foo')):
             self.root.grid_columnconfigure(0, minsize='foo')
         self.root.grid_columnconfigure(0, minsize=10)
         self.assertEqual(self.root.grid_columnconfigure(0, 'minsize'), 10)
@@ -646,7 +652,8 @@ def test_grid_columnconfigure_weight(self):
         self.assertEqual(self.root.grid_columnconfigure(0)['weight'], 3)
 
     def test_grid_columnconfigure_pad(self):
-        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TclError, 'bad screen distance "foo"'):
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TclError,
+                EXPECTED_SCREEN_DISTANCE_ERRMSG.format('foo')):
             self.root.grid_columnconfigure(0, pad='foo')
         with self.assertRaisesRegex(TclError, 'invalid arg "-pad": '
                                     'should be non-negative'):
@@ -683,7 +690,8 @@ def test_grid_rowconfigure(self):
         self.assertEqual(self.root.grid_rowconfigure(0, 'weight'), 4)
 
     def test_grid_rowconfigure_minsize(self):
-        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TclError, 'bad screen distance "foo"'):
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TclError,
+                EXPECTED_SCREEN_DISTANCE_ERRMSG.format('foo')):
             self.root.grid_rowconfigure(0, minsize='foo')
         self.root.grid_rowconfigure(0, minsize=10)
         self.assertEqual(self.root.grid_rowconfigure(0, 'minsize'), 10)
@@ -700,7 +708,8 @@ def test_grid_rowconfigure_weight(self):
         self.assertEqual(self.root.grid_rowconfigure(0)['weight'], 3)
 
     def test_grid_rowconfigure_pad(self):
-        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TclError, 'bad screen distance "foo"'):
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TclError,
+                EXPECTED_SCREEN_DISTANCE_ERRMSG.format('foo')):
             self.root.grid_rowconfigure(0, pad='foo')
         with self.assertRaisesRegex(TclError, 'invalid arg "-pad": '
                                     'should be non-negative'):
@@ -818,9 +827,11 @@ def test_grid_location(self):
             self.root.grid_location(0)
         with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
             self.root.grid_location(0, 0, 0)
-        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TclError, 'bad screen distance "x"'):
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TclError,
+                EXPECTED_SCREEN_DISTANCE_ERRMSG.format('x')):
             self.root.grid_location('x', 'y')
-        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TclError, 'bad screen distance "y"'):
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TclError,
+                EXPECTED_SCREEN_DISTANCE_ERRMSG.format('y')):
             self.root.grid_location('1c', 'y')
         t = self.root
         # de-maximize
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_tkinter/test_misc.py b/Lib/test/test_tkinter/test_misc.py
index d9ea642881a179..b0b9ed60040443 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_tkinter/test_misc.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_tkinter/test_misc.py
@@ -476,6 +476,15 @@ def test_info_patchlevel(self):
             self.assertEqual(vi.micro, 0)
         self.assertTrue(str(vi).startswith(f'{vi.major}.{vi.minor}'))
 
+    def test_embedded_null(self):
+        widget = tkinter.Entry(self.root)
+        widget.insert(0, 'abc\0def')  # ASCII-only
+        widget.selection_range(0, 'end')
+        self.assertEqual(widget.selection_get(), 'abc\x00def')
+        widget.insert(0, '\u20ac\0')  # non-ASCII
+        widget.selection_range(0, 'end')
+        self.assertEqual(widget.selection_get(), '\u20ac\0abc\x00def')
+
 
 class WmTest(AbstractTkTest, unittest.TestCase):
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_tkinter/test_variables.py b/Lib/test/test_tkinter/test_variables.py
index c1d232e2febc7a..def7aec077e800 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_tkinter/test_variables.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_tkinter/test_variables.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 from tkinter import (Variable, StringVar, IntVar, DoubleVar, BooleanVar, Tcl,
                      TclError)
 from test.support import ALWAYS_EQ
-from test.test_tkinter.support import AbstractDefaultRootTest
+from test.test_tkinter.support import AbstractDefaultRootTest, tcl_version
 
 
 class Var(Variable):
@@ -112,6 +112,8 @@ def test_initialize(self):
         self.assertTrue(v.side_effect)
 
     def test_trace_old(self):
+        if tcl_version >= (9, 0):
+            self.skipTest('requires Tcl version < 9.0')
         # Old interface
         v = Variable(self.root)
         vname = str(v)
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_tkinter/test_widgets.py b/Lib/test/test_tkinter/test_widgets.py
index f5f2fd2ee37b84..9ea764ca2a39d8 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_tkinter/test_widgets.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_tkinter/test_widgets.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 import os
 from test.support import requires
 
-from test.test_tkinter.support import (requires_tk,
+from test.test_tkinter.support import (requires_tk, tk_version,
                                   get_tk_patchlevel, widget_eq,
                                   AbstractDefaultRootTest)
 from test.test_tkinter.widget_tests import (
@@ -14,6 +14,9 @@
 requires('gui')
 
 
+EXPECTED_SCREEN_DISTANCE_ERRMSG = '(bad|expected) screen distance (but got )?"{}"'
+EXPECTED_SCREEN_DISTANCE_OR_EMPTY_ERRMSG = '(bad|expected) screen distance (or "" but got )?"{}"'
+
 def float_round(x):
     return float(round(x))
 
@@ -58,11 +61,11 @@ def test_configure_visual(self):
 @add_standard_options(StandardOptionsTests)
 class ToplevelTest(AbstractToplevelTest, unittest.TestCase):
     OPTIONS = (
-        'background', 'borderwidth',
+        'background', 'backgroundimage', 'borderwidth',
         'class', 'colormap', 'container', 'cursor', 'height',
         'highlightbackground', 'highlightcolor', 'highlightthickness',
         'menu', 'padx', 'pady', 'relief', 'screen',
-        'takefocus', 'use', 'visual', 'width',
+        'takefocus', 'tile', 'use', 'visual', 'width',
     )
 
     def create(self, **kwargs):
@@ -101,10 +104,10 @@ def test_configure_use(self):
 @add_standard_options(StandardOptionsTests)
 class FrameTest(AbstractToplevelTest, unittest.TestCase):
     OPTIONS = (
-        'background', 'borderwidth',
+        'background', 'backgroundimage', 'borderwidth',
         'class', 'colormap', 'container', 'cursor', 'height',
         'highlightbackground', 'highlightcolor', 'highlightthickness',
-        'padx', 'pady', 'relief', 'takefocus', 'visual', 'width',
+        'padx', 'pady', 'relief', 'takefocus', 'tile', 'visual', 'width',
     )
 
     def create(self, **kwargs):
@@ -141,11 +144,9 @@ def test_configure_labelwidget(self):
 
 class AbstractLabelTest(AbstractWidgetTest, IntegerSizeTests):
     _conv_pixels = False
-
-    def test_configure_highlightthickness(self):
-        widget = self.create()
-        self.checkPixelsParam(widget, 'highlightthickness',
-                              0, 1.3, 2.6, 6, -2, '10p')
+    _clip_highlightthickness = tk_version >= (8, 7)
+    _clip_pad = tk_version >= (8, 7)
+    _clip_borderwidth = tk_version >= (8, 7)
 
 
 @add_standard_options(StandardOptionsTests)
@@ -277,6 +278,9 @@ class MenubuttonTest(AbstractLabelTest, unittest.TestCase):
         'underline', 'width', 'wraplength',
     )
     _conv_pixels = round
+    _clip_highlightthickness = True
+    _clip_pad = True
+    _clip_borderwidth = False
 
     def create(self, **kwargs):
         return tkinter.Menubutton(self.root, **kwargs)
@@ -290,9 +294,6 @@ def test_configure_height(self):
         widget = self.create()
         self.checkIntegerParam(widget, 'height', 100, -100, 0, conv=str)
 
-    test_configure_highlightthickness = \
-        StandardOptionsTests.test_configure_highlightthickness
-
     def test_configure_image(self):
         widget = self.create()
         image = tkinter.PhotoImage(master=self.root, name='image1')
@@ -313,16 +314,6 @@ def test_configure_menu(self):
         self.checkParam(widget, 'menu', menu, eq=widget_eq)
         menu.destroy()
 
-    def test_configure_padx(self):
-        widget = self.create()
-        self.checkPixelsParam(widget, 'padx', 3, 4.4, 5.6, '12m')
-        self.checkParam(widget, 'padx', -2, expected=0)
-
-    def test_configure_pady(self):
-        widget = self.create()
-        self.checkPixelsParam(widget, 'pady', 3, 4.4, 5.6, '12m')
-        self.checkParam(widget, 'pady', -2, expected=0)
-
     def test_configure_width(self):
         widget = self.create()
         self.checkIntegerParam(widget, 'width', 402, -402, 0, conv=str)
@@ -347,7 +338,8 @@ class EntryTest(AbstractWidgetTest, unittest.TestCase):
         'highlightbackground', 'highlightcolor', 'highlightthickness',
         'insertbackground', 'insertborderwidth',
         'insertofftime', 'insertontime', 'insertwidth',
-        'invalidcommand', 'justify', 'readonlybackground', 'relief',
+        'invalidcommand', 'justify', 'placeholder', 'placeholderforeground',
+        'readonlybackground', 'relief',
         'selectbackground', 'selectborderwidth', 'selectforeground',
         'show', 'state', 'takefocus', 'textvariable',
         'validate', 'validatecommand', 'width', 'xscrollcommand',
@@ -441,8 +433,8 @@ class SpinboxTest(EntryTest, unittest.TestCase):
         'increment',
         'insertbackground', 'insertborderwidth',
         'insertofftime', 'insertontime', 'insertwidth',
-        'invalidcommand', 'justify', 'relief', 'readonlybackground',
-        'repeatdelay', 'repeatinterval',
+        'invalidcommand', 'justify', 'placeholder', 'placeholderforeground',
+        'relief', 'readonlybackground', 'repeatdelay', 'repeatinterval',
         'selectbackground', 'selectborderwidth', 'selectforeground',
         'state', 'takefocus', 'textvariable', 'to',
         'validate', 'validatecommand', 'values',
@@ -489,8 +481,12 @@ def test_configure_from(self):
         widget = self.create()
         self.checkParam(widget, 'to', 100.0)
         self.checkFloatParam(widget, 'from', -10, 10.2, 11.7)
-        self.checkInvalidParam(widget, 'from', 200,
-                errmsg='-to value must be greater than -from value')
+        if tk_version >= (8, 7):
+            self.checkFloatParam(widget, 'from', 200, expected=100)
+        else:
+            self.checkInvalidParam(
+                    widget, 'from', 200,
+                    errmsg='-to value must be greater than -from value')
 
     def test_configure_increment(self):
         widget = self.create()
@@ -500,8 +496,12 @@ def test_configure_to(self):
         widget = self.create()
         self.checkParam(widget, 'from', -100.0)
         self.checkFloatParam(widget, 'to', -10, 10.2, 11.7)
-        self.checkInvalidParam(widget, 'to', -200,
-                errmsg='-to value must be greater than -from value')
+        if tk_version >= (8, 7):
+            self.checkFloatParam(widget, 'to', -200, expected=-100)
+        else:
+            self.checkInvalidParam(
+                    widget, 'to', -200,
+                    errmsg='-to value must be greater than -from value')
 
     def test_configure_values(self):
         # XXX
@@ -666,7 +666,7 @@ def test_configure_tabs(self):
         self.checkParam(widget, 'tabs', '2c left 4c 6c center',
                         expected=('2c', 'left', '4c', '6c', 'center'))
         self.checkInvalidParam(widget, 'tabs', 'spam',
-                               errmsg='bad screen distance "spam"')
+                errmsg=EXPECTED_SCREEN_DISTANCE_ERRMSG.format('spam'))
 
     def test_configure_tabstyle(self):
         widget = self.create()
@@ -860,24 +860,27 @@ def test_create_line(self):
 
     def test_create_polygon(self):
         c = self.create()
-        i1 = c.create_polygon(20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 10)
+        tk87 = tk_version >= (8, 7)
+        # In Tk < 8.7 polygons are filled, but has no outline by default.
+        # This affects its size, so always explicitly specify outline.
+        i1 = c.create_polygon(20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 10, outline='red')
         self.assertEqual(c.coords(i1), [20.0, 30.0, 40.0, 50.0, 60.0, 10.0])
-        self.assertEqual(c.bbox(i1), (19, 9, 61, 51))
+        self.assertEqual(c.bbox(i1), (18, 8, 62, 52))
         self.assertEqual(c.itemcget(i1, 'joinstyle'), 'round')
         self.assertEqual(c.itemcget(i1, 'smooth'), '0')
         self.assertEqual(c.itemcget(i1, 'splinestep'), '12')
 
-        i2 = c.create_polygon([21, 31, 41, 51, 61, 11])
+        i2 = c.create_polygon([21, 31, 41, 51, 61, 11], outline='red')
         self.assertEqual(c.coords(i2), [21.0, 31.0, 41.0, 51.0, 61.0, 11.0])
-        self.assertEqual(c.bbox(i2), (20, 10, 62, 52))
+        self.assertEqual(c.bbox(i2), (19, 9, 63, 53))
 
-        i3 = c.create_polygon((22, 32), (42, 52), (62, 12))
+        i3 = c.create_polygon((22, 32), (42, 52), (62, 12), outline='red')
         self.assertEqual(c.coords(i3), [22.0, 32.0, 42.0, 52.0, 62.0, 12.0])
-        self.assertEqual(c.bbox(i3), (21, 11, 63, 53))
+        self.assertEqual(c.bbox(i3), (20, 10, 64, 54))
 
-        i4 = c.create_polygon([(23, 33), (43, 53), (63, 13)])
+        i4 = c.create_polygon([(23, 33), (43, 53), (63, 13)], outline='red')
         self.assertEqual(c.coords(i4), [23.0, 33.0, 43.0, 53.0, 63.0, 13.0])
-        self.assertEqual(c.bbox(i4), (22, 12, 64, 54))
+        self.assertEqual(c.bbox(i4), (21, 11, 65, 55))
 
         self.assertRaises(TclError, c.create_polygon, 20, 30, 60)
         self.assertRaises(TclError, c.create_polygon, [20, 30, 60])
@@ -1174,18 +1177,16 @@ class ScrollbarTest(AbstractWidgetTest, unittest.TestCase):
     def create(self, **kwargs):
         return tkinter.Scrollbar(self.root, **kwargs)
 
-    def test_configure_activerelief(self):
-        widget = self.create()
-        self.checkReliefParam(widget, 'activerelief')
-
     def test_configure_elementborderwidth(self):
         widget = self.create()
-        self.checkPixelsParam(widget, 'elementborderwidth', 4.3, 5.6, -2, '1m')
+        self.checkPixelsParam(widget, 'elementborderwidth', 4.3, 5.6, '1m')
+        expected = self._default_pixels if tk_version >= (8, 7) else -2
+        self.checkParam(widget, 'elementborderwidth', -2, expected=expected)
 
     def test_configure_orient(self):
         widget = self.create()
         self.checkEnumParam(widget, 'orient', 'vertical', 'horizontal',
-                errmsg='bad orientation "{}": must be vertical or horizontal')
+                            fullname='orientation', allow_empty=True)
 
     def test_activate(self):
         sb = self.create()
@@ -1256,7 +1257,8 @@ def test_configure_proxyborderwidth(self):
     @requires_tk(8, 6, 5)
     def test_configure_proxyrelief(self):
         widget = self.create()
-        self.checkReliefParam(widget, 'proxyrelief')
+        self.checkReliefParam(widget, 'proxyrelief',
+                              allow_empty=(tk_version >= (8, 7)))
 
     def test_configure_sashcursor(self):
         widget = self.create()
@@ -1329,7 +1331,7 @@ def test_paneconfigure_height(self):
         p, b, c = self.create2()
         self.check_paneconfigure(p, b, 'height', 10, 10)
         self.check_paneconfigure_bad(p, b, 'height',
-                                     'bad screen distance "badValue"')
+                EXPECTED_SCREEN_DISTANCE_OR_EMPTY_ERRMSG.format('badValue'))
 
     def test_paneconfigure_hide(self):
         p, b, c = self.create2()
@@ -1341,19 +1343,19 @@ def test_paneconfigure_minsize(self):
         p, b, c = self.create2()
         self.check_paneconfigure(p, b, 'minsize', 10, 10)
         self.check_paneconfigure_bad(p, b, 'minsize',
-                                     'bad screen distance "badValue"')
+                EXPECTED_SCREEN_DISTANCE_ERRMSG.format('badValue'))
 
     def test_paneconfigure_padx(self):
         p, b, c = self.create2()
         self.check_paneconfigure(p, b, 'padx', 1.3, 1)
         self.check_paneconfigure_bad(p, b, 'padx',
-                                     'bad screen distance "badValue"')
+                EXPECTED_SCREEN_DISTANCE_ERRMSG.format('badValue'))
 
     def test_paneconfigure_pady(self):
         p, b, c = self.create2()
         self.check_paneconfigure(p, b, 'pady', 1.3, 1)
         self.check_paneconfigure_bad(p, b, 'pady',
-                                     'bad screen distance "badValue"')
+                EXPECTED_SCREEN_DISTANCE_ERRMSG.format('badValue'))
 
     def test_paneconfigure_sticky(self):
         p, b, c = self.create2()
@@ -1374,13 +1376,14 @@ def test_paneconfigure_width(self):
         p, b, c = self.create2()
         self.check_paneconfigure(p, b, 'width', 10, 10)
         self.check_paneconfigure_bad(p, b, 'width',
-                                     'bad screen distance "badValue"')
+                EXPECTED_SCREEN_DISTANCE_OR_EMPTY_ERRMSG.format('badValue'))
 
 
 @add_standard_options(StandardOptionsTests)
 class MenuTest(AbstractWidgetTest, unittest.TestCase):
     OPTIONS = (
         'activebackground', 'activeborderwidth', 'activeforeground',
+        'activerelief',
         'background', 'borderwidth', 'cursor',
         'disabledforeground', 'font', 'foreground',
         'postcommand', 'relief', 'selectcolor', 'takefocus',
@@ -1396,6 +1399,8 @@ def test_indexcommand_none(self):
         i = widget.index('none')
         self.assertIsNone(i)
 
+    test_configure_activerelief = requires_tk(8, 7)(StandardOptionsTests.test_configure_activerelief)
+
     def test_configure_postcommand(self):
         widget = self.create()
         self.checkCommandParam(widget, 'postcommand')
@@ -1414,14 +1419,10 @@ def test_configure_title(self):
 
     def test_configure_type(self):
         widget = self.create()
-        opts = ('normal, tearoff, or menubar'
-                if widget.info_patchlevel() < (8, 7) else
-                'menubar, normal, or tearoff')
-        self.checkEnumParam(
-            widget, 'type',
-            'normal', 'tearoff', 'menubar',
-            errmsg='bad type "{}": must be ' + opts,
-            )
+        values = ('normal', 'tearoff', 'menubar')
+        self.checkEnumParam(widget, 'type', *values,
+                            allow_empty=tk_version < (8, 7),
+                            sort=tk_version >= (8, 7))
 
     def test_entryconfigure(self):
         m1 = self.create()
@@ -1467,6 +1468,10 @@ class MessageTest(AbstractWidgetTest, unittest.TestCase):
         'takefocus', 'text', 'textvariable', 'width',
     )
     _conv_pad_pixels = False
+    if tk_version >= (8, 7):
+        _conv_pixels = False
+    _clip_pad = tk_version >= (8, 7)
+    _clip_borderwidth = tk_version >= (8, 7)
 
     def create(self, **kwargs):
         return tkinter.Message(self.root, **kwargs)
@@ -1475,6 +1480,26 @@ def test_configure_aspect(self):
         widget = self.create()
         self.checkIntegerParam(widget, 'aspect', 250, 0, -300)
 
+    def test_configure_padx(self):
+        widget = self.create()
+        self.checkPixelsParam(widget, 'padx', 3, 4.4, 5.6, '12m',
+                              conv=self._conv_pad_pixels)
+        expected = self._default_pixels if self._clip_pad else -2
+        self.checkParam(widget, 'padx', -2, expected=expected)
+
+    def test_configure_pady(self):
+        widget = self.create()
+        self.checkPixelsParam(widget, 'pady', 3, 4.4, 5.6, '12m',
+                              conv=self._conv_pad_pixels)
+        expected = self._default_pixels if self._clip_pad else -2
+        self.checkParam(widget, 'pady', -2, expected=expected)
+
+    def test_configure_width(self):
+        widget = self.create()
+        self.checkPixelsParam(widget, 'width', 402, 403.4, 404.6, 0, '5i')
+        expected = 0 if tk_version >= (8, 7) else -402
+        self.checkParam(widget, 'width', -402, expected=expected)
+
 
 class DefaultRootTest(AbstractDefaultRootTest, unittest.TestCase):
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_tkinter/widget_tests.py b/Lib/test/test_tkinter/widget_tests.py
index 31f82f459beefd..8ab2f74245095d 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_tkinter/widget_tests.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_tkinter/widget_tests.py
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 # Common tests for test_tkinter/test_widgets.py and test_ttk/test_widgets.py
 
+import re
 import tkinter
-from test.test_tkinter.support import (AbstractTkTest, tk_version,
+from test.test_tkinter.support import (AbstractTkTest, requires_tk, tk_version,
                                   pixels_conv, tcl_obj_eq)
 import test.support
 
@@ -9,9 +10,14 @@
 _sentinel = object()
 
 class AbstractWidgetTest(AbstractTkTest):
+    _default_pixels = '' if tk_version >= (9, 0) else -1 if tk_version >= (8, 7) else ''
     _conv_pixels = round
     _conv_pad_pixels = None
     _stringify = False
+    _clip_highlightthickness = True
+    _clip_pad = False
+    _clip_borderwidth = False
+    _allow_empty_justify = False
 
     @property
     def scaling(self):
@@ -56,16 +62,13 @@ def checkParam(self, widget, name, value, *, expected=_sentinel,
     def checkInvalidParam(self, widget, name, value, errmsg=None):
         orig = widget[name]
         if errmsg is not None:
-            errmsg = errmsg.format(value)
-        with self.assertRaises(tkinter.TclError) as cm:
+            errmsg = errmsg.format(re.escape(str(value)))
+            errmsg = fr'\A{errmsg}\Z'
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(tkinter.TclError, errmsg or ''):
             widget[name] = value
-        if errmsg is not None:
-            self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception), errmsg)
         self.assertEqual(widget[name], orig)
-        with self.assertRaises(tkinter.TclError) as cm:
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(tkinter.TclError, errmsg or ''):
             widget.configure({name: value})
-        if errmsg is not None:
-            self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception), errmsg)
         self.assertEqual(widget[name], orig)
 
     def checkParams(self, widget, name, *values, **kwargs):
@@ -74,30 +77,26 @@ def checkParams(self, widget, name, *values, **kwargs):
 
     def checkIntegerParam(self, widget, name, *values, **kwargs):
         self.checkParams(widget, name, *values, **kwargs)
-        self.checkInvalidParam(widget, name, '',
-                errmsg='expected integer but got ""')
-        self.checkInvalidParam(widget, name, '10p',
-                errmsg='expected integer but got "10p"')
-        self.checkInvalidParam(widget, name, 3.2,
-                errmsg='expected integer but got "3.2"')
+        errmsg = 'expected integer but got "{}"'
+        self.checkInvalidParam(widget, name, '', errmsg=errmsg)
+        self.checkInvalidParam(widget, name, '10p', errmsg=errmsg)
+        self.checkInvalidParam(widget, name, 3.2, errmsg=errmsg)
 
     def checkFloatParam(self, widget, name, *values, conv=float, **kwargs):
         for value in values:
             self.checkParam(widget, name, value, conv=conv, **kwargs)
-        self.checkInvalidParam(widget, name, '',
-                errmsg='expected floating-point number but got ""')
-        self.checkInvalidParam(widget, name, 'spam',
-                errmsg='expected floating-point number but got "spam"')
+        errmsg = 'expected floating-point number but got "{}"'
+        self.checkInvalidParam(widget, name, '', errmsg=errmsg)
+        self.checkInvalidParam(widget, name, 'spam', errmsg=errmsg)
 
     def checkBooleanParam(self, widget, name):
         for value in (False, 0, 'false', 'no', 'off'):
             self.checkParam(widget, name, value, expected=0)
         for value in (True, 1, 'true', 'yes', 'on'):
             self.checkParam(widget, name, value, expected=1)
-        self.checkInvalidParam(widget, name, '',
-                errmsg='expected boolean value but got ""')
-        self.checkInvalidParam(widget, name, 'spam',
-                errmsg='expected boolean value but got "spam"')
+        errmsg = 'expected boolean value but got "{}"'
+        self.checkInvalidParam(widget, name, '', errmsg=errmsg)
+        self.checkInvalidParam(widget, name, 'spam', errmsg=errmsg)
 
     def checkColorParam(self, widget, name, *, allow_empty=None, **kwargs):
         self.checkParams(widget, name,
@@ -120,16 +119,24 @@ def command(*args):
         self.assertTrue(widget[name])
         self.checkParams(widget, name, '')
 
-    def checkEnumParam(self, widget, name, *values, errmsg=None, **kwargs):
+    def checkEnumParam(self, widget, name, *values,
+                       errmsg=None, allow_empty=False, fullname=None,
+                       sort=False, **kwargs):
         self.checkParams(widget, name, *values, **kwargs)
         if errmsg is None:
+            if sort:
+                if values[-1]:
+                    values = tuple(sorted(values))
+                else:
+                    values = tuple(sorted(values[:-1])) + ('',)
             errmsg2 = ' %s "{}": must be %s%s or %s' % (
-                    name,
+                    fullname or name,
                     ', '.join(values[:-1]),
                     ',' if len(values) > 2 else '',
-                    values[-1])
-            self.checkInvalidParam(widget, name, '',
-                                   errmsg='ambiguous' + errmsg2)
+                    values[-1] or '""')
+            if '' not in values and not allow_empty:
+                self.checkInvalidParam(widget, name, '',
+                                       errmsg='ambiguous' + errmsg2)
             errmsg = 'bad' + errmsg2
         self.checkInvalidParam(widget, name, 'spam', errmsg=errmsg)
 
@@ -146,20 +153,21 @@ def checkPixelsParam(self, widget, name, *values,
                     conv1 = round
             self.checkParam(widget, name, value, expected=expected,
                             conv=conv1, **kwargs)
-        self.checkInvalidParam(widget, name, '6x',
-                errmsg='bad screen distance "6x"')
-        self.checkInvalidParam(widget, name, 'spam',
-                errmsg='bad screen distance "spam"')
+        errmsg = '(bad|expected) screen distance ((or "" )?but got )?"{}"'
+        self.checkInvalidParam(widget, name, '6x', errmsg=errmsg)
+        self.checkInvalidParam(widget, name, 'spam', errmsg=errmsg)
 
-    def checkReliefParam(self, widget, name):
-        self.checkParams(widget, name,
-                         'flat', 'groove', 'raised', 'ridge', 'solid', 'sunken')
-        errmsg='bad relief "spam": must be '\
-               'flat, groove, raised, ridge, solid, or sunken'
+    def checkReliefParam(self, widget, name, *, allow_empty=False):
+        values = ('flat', 'groove', 'raised', 'ridge', 'solid', 'sunken')
+        if allow_empty:
+            values += ('',)
+        self.checkParams(widget, name, *values)
+        errmsg = 'bad relief "{}": must be %s, or %s' % (
+                ', '.join(values[:-1]),
+                values[-1] or '""')
         if tk_version < (8, 6):
             errmsg = None
-        self.checkInvalidParam(widget, name, 'spam',
-                errmsg=errmsg)
+        self.checkInvalidParam(widget, name, 'spam', errmsg=errmsg)
 
     def checkImageParam(self, widget, name):
         image = tkinter.PhotoImage(master=self.root, name='image1')
@@ -193,6 +201,7 @@ def test_keys(self):
             aliases = {
                 'bd': 'borderwidth',
                 'bg': 'background',
+                'bgimg': 'backgroundimage',
                 'fg': 'foreground',
                 'invcmd': 'invalidcommand',
                 'vcmd': 'validatecommand',
@@ -235,6 +244,10 @@ def test_configure_activeforeground(self):
         widget = self.create()
         self.checkColorParam(widget, 'activeforeground')
 
+    def test_configure_activerelief(self):
+        widget = self.create()
+        self.checkReliefParam(widget, 'activerelief')
+
     def test_configure_anchor(self):
         widget = self.create()
         self.checkEnumParam(widget, 'anchor',
@@ -246,6 +259,11 @@ def test_configure_background(self):
         if 'bg' in self.OPTIONS:
             self.checkColorParam(widget, 'bg')
 
+    @requires_tk(8, 7)
+    def test_configure_backgroundimage(self):
+        widget = self.create()
+        self.checkImageParam(widget, 'backgroundimage')
+
     def test_configure_bitmap(self):
         widget = self.create()
         self.checkParam(widget, 'bitmap', 'questhead')
@@ -262,9 +280,14 @@ def test_configure_bitmap(self):
     def test_configure_borderwidth(self):
         widget = self.create()
         self.checkPixelsParam(widget, 'borderwidth',
-                              0, 1.3, 2.6, 6, -2, '10p')
+                              0, 1.3, 2.6, 6, '10p')
+        expected = 0 if self._clip_borderwidth else -2
+        self.checkParam(widget, 'borderwidth', -2, expected=expected,
+                        conv=self._conv_pixels)
         if 'bd' in self.OPTIONS:
-            self.checkPixelsParam(widget, 'bd', 0, 1.3, 2.6, 6, -2, '10p')
+            self.checkPixelsParam(widget, 'bd', 0, 1.3, 2.6, 6, '10p')
+            self.checkParam(widget, 'bd', -2, expected=expected,
+                            conv=self._conv_pixels)
 
     def test_configure_compound(self):
         widget = self.create()
@@ -287,8 +310,10 @@ def test_configure_font(self):
         widget = self.create()
         self.checkParam(widget, 'font',
                         '-Adobe-Helvetica-Medium-R-Normal--*-120-*-*-*-*-*-*')
-        self.checkInvalidParam(widget, 'font', '',
-                               errmsg='font "" doesn\'t exist')
+        is_ttk = widget.__class__.__module__ == 'tkinter.ttk'
+        if not is_ttk:
+            self.checkInvalidParam(widget, 'font', '',
+                                   errmsg='font "" doesn\'t exist')
 
     def test_configure_foreground(self):
         widget = self.create()
@@ -308,7 +333,8 @@ def test_configure_highlightthickness(self):
         widget = self.create()
         self.checkPixelsParam(widget, 'highlightthickness',
                               0, 1.3, 2.6, 6, '10p')
-        self.checkParam(widget, 'highlightthickness', -2, expected=0,
+        expected = 0 if self._clip_highlightthickness else -2
+        self.checkParam(widget, 'highlightthickness', -2, expected=expected,
                         conv=self._conv_pixels)
 
     def test_configure_image(self):
@@ -342,12 +368,11 @@ def test_configure_jump(self):
 
     def test_configure_justify(self):
         widget = self.create()
-        self.checkEnumParam(widget, 'justify', 'left', 'right', 'center',
-                errmsg='bad justification "{}": must be '
-                       'left, right, or center')
-        self.checkInvalidParam(widget, 'justify', '',
-                errmsg='ambiguous justification "": must be '
-                       'left, right, or center')
+        values = ('left', 'right', 'center')
+        if self._allow_empty_justify:
+            values += ('',)
+        self.checkEnumParam(widget, 'justify', *values,
+                            fullname='justification')
 
     def test_configure_orient(self):
         widget = self.create()
@@ -356,13 +381,29 @@ def test_configure_orient(self):
 
     def test_configure_padx(self):
         widget = self.create()
-        self.checkPixelsParam(widget, 'padx', 3, 4.4, 5.6, -2, '12m',
+        self.checkPixelsParam(widget, 'padx', 3, 4.4, 5.6, '12m',
                               conv=self._conv_pad_pixels)
+        expected = 0 if self._clip_pad else -2
+        self.checkParam(widget, 'padx', -2, expected=expected,
+                        conv=self._conv_pad_pixels)
 
     def test_configure_pady(self):
         widget = self.create()
-        self.checkPixelsParam(widget, 'pady', 3, 4.4, 5.6, -2, '12m',
+        self.checkPixelsParam(widget, 'pady', 3, 4.4, 5.6, '12m',
                               conv=self._conv_pad_pixels)
+        expected = 0 if self._clip_pad else -2
+        self.checkParam(widget, 'pady', -2, expected=expected,
+                        conv=self._conv_pad_pixels)
+
+    @requires_tk(8, 7)
+    def test_configure_placeholder(self):
+        widget = self.create()
+        self.checkParam(widget, 'placeholder', 'xxx')
+
+    @requires_tk(8, 7)
+    def test_configure_placeholderforeground(self):
+        widget = self.create()
+        self.checkColorParam(widget, 'placeholderforeground')
 
     def test_configure_relief(self):
         widget = self.create()
@@ -409,13 +450,35 @@ def test_configure_textvariable(self):
         var = tkinter.StringVar(self.root)
         self.checkVariableParam(widget, 'textvariable', var)
 
+    @requires_tk(8, 7)
+    def test_configure_tile(self):
+        widget = self.create()
+        self.checkBooleanParam(widget, 'tile')
+
     def test_configure_troughcolor(self):
         widget = self.create()
         self.checkColorParam(widget, 'troughcolor')
 
     def test_configure_underline(self):
         widget = self.create()
-        self.checkIntegerParam(widget, 'underline', 0, 1, 10)
+        self.checkParams(widget, 'underline', 0, 1, 10)
+        if tk_version >= (8, 7):
+            is_ttk = widget.__class__.__module__ == 'tkinter.ttk'
+            self.checkParam(widget, 'underline', '',
+                            expected='' if is_ttk else self._default_pixels)
+            self.checkParam(widget, 'underline', '5+2',
+                            expected='5+2' if is_ttk else 7)
+            self.checkParam(widget, 'underline', '5-2',
+                            expected='5-2' if is_ttk else 3)
+            self.checkParam(widget, 'underline', 'end', expected='end')
+            self.checkParam(widget, 'underline', 'end-2', expected='end-2')
+            errmsg = (r'bad index "{}": must be integer\?\[\+-\]integer\?, '
+                      r'end\?\[\+-\]integer\?, or ""')
+        else:
+            errmsg = 'expected integer but got "{}"'
+            self.checkInvalidParam(widget, 'underline', '', errmsg=errmsg)
+        self.checkInvalidParam(widget, 'underline', '10p', errmsg=errmsg)
+        self.checkInvalidParam(widget, 'underline', 3.2, errmsg=errmsg)
 
     def test_configure_wraplength(self):
         widget = self.create()
@@ -445,7 +508,8 @@ def test_configure_offrelief(self):
 
     def test_configure_overrelief(self):
         widget = self.create()
-        self.checkReliefParam(widget, 'overrelief')
+        self.checkReliefParam(widget, 'overrelief',
+                              allow_empty=(tk_version >= (8, 7)))
 
     def test_configure_selectcolor(self):
         widget = self.create()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_tokenize.py b/Lib/test/test_tokenize.py
index 4428e8cea1964c..75710db7d05375 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_tokenize.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_tokenize.py
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ def test_long(self):
     """)
 
     def test_float(self):
-        # Floating point numbers
+        # Floating-point numbers
         self.check_tokenize("x = 3.14159", """\
     NAME       'x'           (1, 0) (1, 1)
     OP         '='           (1, 2) (1, 3)
@@ -1199,6 +1199,31 @@ def test_closing_parenthesis_from_different_line(self):
     NAME       'x'           (1, 3) (1, 4)
     """)
 
+    def test_multiline_non_ascii_fstring(self):
+        self.check_tokenize("""\
+a = f'''
+    Autorzy, którzy tą jednostkę mają wpisani jako AKTUALNA -- czyli'''""", """\
+    NAME       'a'           (1, 0) (1, 1)
+    OP         '='           (1, 2) (1, 3)
+    FSTRING_START "f\'\'\'"        (1, 4) (1, 8)
+    FSTRING_MIDDLE '\\n    Autorzy, którzy tą jednostkę mają wpisani jako AKTUALNA -- czyli' (1, 8) (2, 68)
+    FSTRING_END "\'\'\'"         (2, 68) (2, 71)
+    """)
+
+    def test_multiline_non_ascii_fstring_with_expr(self):
+        self.check_tokenize("""\
+f'''
+    🔗 This is a test {test_arg1}🔗
+🔗'''""", """\
+    FSTRING_START "f\'\'\'"        (1, 0) (1, 4)
+    FSTRING_MIDDLE '\\n    🔗 This is a test ' (1, 4) (2, 21)
+    OP         '{'           (2, 21) (2, 22)
+    NAME       'test_arg1'   (2, 22) (2, 31)
+    OP         '}'           (2, 31) (2, 32)
+    FSTRING_MIDDLE '🔗\\n🔗'        (2, 32) (3, 1)
+    FSTRING_END "\'\'\'"         (3, 1) (3, 4)
+    """)
+
 class GenerateTokensTest(TokenizeTest):
     def check_tokenize(self, s, expected):
         # Format the tokens in s in a table format.
@@ -1894,6 +1919,26 @@ def test_roundtrip(self):
         self.check_roundtrip(r"f'\\\\N{{'")
         self.check_roundtrip(r"f'\\\\\\N{{'")
         self.check_roundtrip(r"f'\\\\\\\\N{{'")
+
+        self.check_roundtrip(r"f'\n{{foo}}'")
+        self.check_roundtrip(r"f'\\n{{foo}}'")
+        self.check_roundtrip(r"f'\\\n{{foo}}'")
+        self.check_roundtrip(r"f'\\\\n{{foo}}'")
+
+        self.check_roundtrip(r"f'\t{{foo}}'")
+        self.check_roundtrip(r"f'\\t{{foo}}'")
+        self.check_roundtrip(r"f'\\\t{{foo}}'")
+        self.check_roundtrip(r"f'\\\\t{{foo}}'")
+
+        self.check_roundtrip(r"rf'\t{{foo}}'")
+        self.check_roundtrip(r"rf'\\t{{foo}}'")
+        self.check_roundtrip(r"rf'\\\t{{foo}}'")
+        self.check_roundtrip(r"rf'\\\\t{{foo}}'")
+
+        self.check_roundtrip(r"rf'\{{foo}}'")
+        self.check_roundtrip(r"f'\\{{foo}}'")
+        self.check_roundtrip(r"rf'\\\{{foo}}'")
+        self.check_roundtrip(r"f'\\\\{{foo}}'")
         cases = [
     """
 if 1:
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_tomllib/test_error.py b/Lib/test/test_tomllib/test_error.py
index 72446267f04759..d2ef59a29ca350 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_tomllib/test_error.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_tomllib/test_error.py
@@ -39,6 +39,15 @@ def test_invalid_char_quotes(self):
             tomllib.loads("v = '\n'")
         self.assertTrue(" '\\n' " in str(exc_info.exception))
 
+    def test_type_error(self):
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as exc_info:
+            tomllib.loads(b"v = 1")  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+        self.assertEqual(str(exc_info.exception), "Expected str object, not 'bytes'")
+
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as exc_info:
+            tomllib.loads(False)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+        self.assertEqual(str(exc_info.exception), "Expected str object, not 'bool'")
+
     def test_module_name(self):
         self.assertEqual(tomllib.TOMLDecodeError().__module__, tomllib.__name__)
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_tools/test_makefile.py b/Lib/test/test_tools/test_makefile.py
index 48a7c1a773bb83..df95e6d0068516 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_tools/test_makefile.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_tools/test_makefile.py
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ def test_makefile_test_folders(self):
         idle_test = 'idlelib/idle_test'
         self.assertIn(idle_test, test_dirs)
 
-        used = [idle_test]
+        used = set([idle_test])
         for dirpath, dirs, files in os.walk(support.TEST_HOME_DIR):
             dirname = os.path.basename(dirpath)
             # Skip temporary dirs:
@@ -65,13 +65,14 @@ def test_makefile_test_folders(self):
                         "of test directories to install"
                     )
                 )
-                used.append(relpath)
+                used.add(relpath)
 
         # Don't check the wheel dir when Python is built --with-wheel-pkg-dir
         if sysconfig.get_config_var('WHEEL_PKG_DIR'):
             test_dirs.remove('test/wheeldata')
+            used.discard('test/wheeldata')
 
         # Check that there are no extra entries:
         unique_test_dirs = set(test_dirs)
-        self.assertSetEqual(unique_test_dirs, set(used))
+        self.assertSetEqual(unique_test_dirs, used)
         self.assertEqual(len(test_dirs), len(unique_test_dirs))
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_trace.py b/Lib/test/test_trace.py
index 7ff3fe4091dfa4..93966ee31d0a01 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_trace.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_trace.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import os
 from pickle import dump
 import sys
-from test.support import captured_stdout, requires_resource, requires_gil_enabled
+from test.support import captured_stdout, requires_resource
 from test.support.os_helper import (TESTFN, rmtree, unlink)
 from test.support.script_helper import assert_python_ok, assert_python_failure
 import textwrap
@@ -301,7 +301,6 @@ def test_loop_caller_importing(self):
 
     @unittest.skipIf(hasattr(sys, 'gettrace') and sys.gettrace(),
                      'pre-existing trace function throws off measurements')
-    @requires_gil_enabled("gh-117783: immortalization of types affects traced method names")
     def test_inst_method_calling(self):
         obj = TracedClass(20)
         self.tracer.runfunc(obj.inst_method_calling, 1)
@@ -335,7 +334,6 @@ def setUp(self):
 
     @unittest.skipIf(hasattr(sys, 'gettrace') and sys.gettrace(),
                      'pre-existing trace function throws off measurements')
-    @requires_gil_enabled("gh-117783: immortalization of types affects traced method names")
     def test_loop_caller_importing(self):
         self.tracer.runfunc(traced_func_importing_caller, 1)
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_traceback.py b/Lib/test/test_traceback.py
index 5035de114b5e9d..ec69412f5511eb 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_traceback.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_traceback.py
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ def test_no_caret_with_no_debug_ranges_flag_python_traceback(self):
             import traceback
             try:
                 x = 1 / 0
-            except:
+            except ZeroDivisionError:
                 traceback.print_exc()
             """)
         try:
@@ -550,9 +550,10 @@ class PurePythonExceptionFormattingMixin:
     def get_exception(self, callable, slice_start=0, slice_end=-1):
         try:
             callable()
-            self.fail("No exception thrown.")
-        except:
+        except BaseException:
             return traceback.format_exc().splitlines()[slice_start:slice_end]
+        else:
+            self.fail("No exception thrown.")
 
     callable_line = get_exception.__code__.co_firstlineno + 2
 
@@ -622,6 +623,7 @@ def test_caret_in_type_annotation(self):
         def f_with_type():
             def foo(a: THIS_DOES_NOT_EXIST ) -> int:
                 return 0
+            foo.__annotations__
 
         lineno_f = f_with_type.__code__.co_firstlineno
         expected_f = (
@@ -629,7 +631,9 @@ def foo(a: THIS_DOES_NOT_EXIST ) -> int:
             f'  File "{__file__}", line {self.callable_line}, in get_exception\n'
             '    callable()\n'
             '    ~~~~~~~~^^\n'
-            f'  File "{__file__}", line {lineno_f+1}, in f_with_type\n'
+            f'  File "{__file__}", line {lineno_f+3}, in f_with_type\n'
+            '    foo.__annotations__\n'
+            f'  File "{__file__}", line {lineno_f+1}, in __annotate__\n'
             '    def foo(a: THIS_DOES_NOT_EXIST ) -> int:\n'
             '               ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^\n'
         )
@@ -696,6 +700,35 @@ def f_with_multiline():
         result_lines = self.get_exception(f_with_multiline)
         self.assertEqual(result_lines, expected_f.splitlines())
 
+        # Check custom error messages covering multiple lines
+        code = textwrap.dedent("""
+        dummy_call(
+            "dummy value"
+            foo="bar",
+        )
+        """)
+
+        def f_with_multiline():
+            # Need to defer the compilation until in self.get_exception(..)
+            return compile(code, "?", "exec")
+
+        lineno_f = f_with_multiline.__code__.co_firstlineno
+
+        expected_f = (
+            'Traceback (most recent call last):\n'
+            f'  File "{__file__}", line {self.callable_line}, in get_exception\n'
+            '    callable()\n'
+            '    ~~~~~~~~^^\n'
+            f'  File "{__file__}", line {lineno_f+2}, in f_with_multiline\n'
+            '    return compile(code, "?", "exec")\n'
+            '  File "?", line 3\n'
+            '    "dummy value"\n'
+            '    ^^^^^^^^^^^^^'
+            )
+
+        result_lines = self.get_exception(f_with_multiline)
+        self.assertEqual(result_lines, expected_f.splitlines())
+
     def test_caret_multiline_expression_bin_op(self):
         # Make sure no carets are printed for expressions spanning multiple
         # lines.
@@ -2205,7 +2238,7 @@ def test_context_suppression(self):
         try:
             try:
                 raise Exception
-            except:
+            except Exception:
                 raise ZeroDivisionError from None
         except ZeroDivisionError as _:
             e = _
@@ -2309,19 +2342,22 @@ def test_message_none(self):
     def test_syntax_error_various_offsets(self):
         for offset in range(-5, 10):
             for add in [0, 2]:
-                text = " "*add + "text%d" % offset
+                text = " " * add + "text%d" % offset
                 expected = ['  File "file.py", line 1']
                 if offset < 1:
                     expected.append("    %s" % text.lstrip())
                 elif offset <= 6:
                     expected.append("    %s" % text.lstrip())
-                    expected.append("    %s^" % (" "*(offset-1)))
+                    # Set the caret length to match the length of the text minus the offset.
+                    caret_length = max(1, len(text.lstrip()) - offset + 1)
+                    expected.append("    %s%s" % (" " * (offset - 1), "^" * caret_length))
                 else:
+                    caret_length = max(1, len(text.lstrip()) - 4)
                     expected.append("    %s" % text.lstrip())
-                    expected.append("    %s^" % (" "*5))
+                    expected.append("    %s%s" % (" " * 5, "^" * caret_length))
                 expected.append("SyntaxError: msg")
                 expected.append("")
-                err = self.get_report(SyntaxError("msg", ("file.py", 1, offset+add, text)))
+                err = self.get_report(SyntaxError("msg", ("file.py", 1, offset + add, text)))
                 exp = "\n".join(expected)
                 self.assertEqual(exp, err)
 
@@ -2554,9 +2590,9 @@ def exc():
             try:
                 try:
                     raise EG("eg1", [ValueError(1), TypeError(2)])
-                except:
+                except EG:
                     raise EG("eg2", [ValueError(3), TypeError(4)])
-            except:
+            except EG:
                 raise ImportError(5)
 
         expected = (
@@ -2606,7 +2642,7 @@ def exc():
                 except Exception as e:
                     exc = e
                 raise EG("eg", [VE(1), exc, VE(4)])
-            except:
+            except EG:
                 raise EG("top", [VE(5)])
 
         expected = (f'  + Exception Group Traceback (most recent call last):\n'
@@ -3272,6 +3308,41 @@ def format_frame_summary(self, frame_summary, colorize=False):
             f'  File "{__file__}", line {lno}, in f\n    1/0\n'
         )
 
+    def test_summary_should_show_carets(self):
+        # See: https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/122353
+
+        # statement to execute and to get a ZeroDivisionError for a traceback
+        statement = "abcdef = 1 / 0 and 2.0"
+        colno = statement.index('1 / 0')
+        end_colno = colno + len('1 / 0')
+
+        # Actual line to use when rendering the traceback
+        # and whose AST will be extracted (it will be empty).
+        cached_line = '# this line will be used during rendering'
+        self.addCleanup(unlink, TESTFN)
+        with open(TESTFN, "w") as file:
+            file.write(cached_line)
+        linecache.updatecache(TESTFN, {})
+
+        try:
+            exec(compile(statement, TESTFN, "exec"))
+        except ZeroDivisionError as exc:
+            # This is the simplest way to create a StackSummary
+            # whose FrameSummary items have their column offsets.
+            s = traceback.TracebackException.from_exception(exc).stack
+            self.assertIsInstance(s, traceback.StackSummary)
+            with unittest.mock.patch.object(s, '_should_show_carets',
+                                            wraps=s._should_show_carets) as ff:
+                self.assertEqual(len(s), 2)
+                self.assertListEqual(
+                    s.format_frame_summary(s[1]).splitlines(),
+                    [
+                        f'  File "{TESTFN}", line 1, in <module>',
+                        f'    {cached_line}'
+                     ]
+                )
+                ff.assert_called_with(colno, end_colno, [cached_line], None)
+
 class Unrepresentable:
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
         raise Exception("Unrepresentable")
@@ -3384,7 +3455,7 @@ def test_long_context_chain(self):
         def f():
             try:
                 1/0
-            except:
+            except ZeroDivisionError:
                 f()
 
         try:
@@ -3488,7 +3559,7 @@ def test_comparison_params_variations(self):
         def raise_exc():
             try:
                 raise ValueError('bad value')
-            except:
+            except ValueError:
                 raise
 
         def raise_with_locals():
@@ -4566,6 +4637,49 @@ def foo():
             f'{boldm}ZeroDivisionError{reset}: {magenta}division by zero{reset}']
         self.assertEqual(actual, expected)
 
+    def test_colorized_traceback_from_exception_group(self):
+        def foo():
+            exceptions = []
+            try:
+                1 / 0
+            except ZeroDivisionError as inner_exc:
+                exceptions.append(inner_exc)
+            raise ExceptionGroup("test", exceptions)
+
+        try:
+            foo()
+        except Exception as e:
+            exc = traceback.TracebackException.from_exception(
+                e, capture_locals=True
+            )
+
+        red = _colorize.ANSIColors.RED
+        boldr = _colorize.ANSIColors.BOLD_RED
+        magenta = _colorize.ANSIColors.MAGENTA
+        boldm = _colorize.ANSIColors.BOLD_MAGENTA
+        reset = _colorize.ANSIColors.RESET
+        lno_foo = foo.__code__.co_firstlineno
+        actual = "".join(exc.format(colorize=True)).splitlines()
+        expected = [f"  + Exception Group Traceback (most recent call last):",
+                   f'  |   File {magenta}"{__file__}"{reset}, line {magenta}{lno_foo+9}{reset}, in {magenta}test_colorized_traceback_from_exception_group{reset}',
+                   f'  |     {red}foo{reset}{boldr}(){reset}',
+                   f'  |     {red}~~~{reset}{boldr}^^{reset}',
+                   f"  |     e = ExceptionGroup('test', [ZeroDivisionError('division by zero')])",
+                   f"  |     foo = {foo}",
+                   f'  |     self = <{__name__}.TestColorizedTraceback testMethod=test_colorized_traceback_from_exception_group>',
+                   f'  |   File {magenta}"{__file__}"{reset}, line {magenta}{lno_foo+6}{reset}, in {magenta}foo{reset}',
+                   f'  |     raise ExceptionGroup("test", exceptions)',
+                   f"  |     exceptions = [ZeroDivisionError('division by zero')]",
+                   f'  | {boldm}ExceptionGroup{reset}: {magenta}test (1 sub-exception){reset}',
+                   f'  +-+---------------- 1 ----------------',
+                   f'    | Traceback (most recent call last):',
+                   f'    |   File {magenta}"{__file__}"{reset}, line {magenta}{lno_foo+3}{reset}, in {magenta}foo{reset}',
+                   f'    |     {red}1 {reset}{boldr}/{reset}{red} 0{reset}',
+                   f'    |     {red}~~{reset}{boldr}^{reset}{red}~~{reset}',
+                   f"    |     exceptions = [ZeroDivisionError('division by zero')]",
+                   f'    | {boldm}ZeroDivisionError{reset}: {magenta}division by zero{reset}',
+                   f'    +------------------------------------']
+        self.assertEqual(actual, expected)
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_ttk/test_style.py b/Lib/test/test_ttk/test_style.py
index 9a04a95dc40d65..eeaf5de2e303f6 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_ttk/test_style.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_ttk/test_style.py
@@ -227,13 +227,13 @@ def test_element_create_image(self):
                                    foreground='blue', background='yellow')
         img3 = tkinter.BitmapImage(master=self.root, file=imgfile,
                                    foreground='white', background='black')
-        style.element_create('Button.button', 'image',
+        style.element_create('TestButton.button', 'image',
                              img1, ('pressed', img2), ('active', img3),
                              border=(2, 4), sticky='we')
-        self.assertIn('Button.button', style.element_names())
+        self.assertIn('TestButton.button', style.element_names())
 
-        style.layout('Button', [('Button.button', {'sticky': 'news'})])
-        b = ttk.Button(self.root, style='Button')
+        style.layout('TestButton', [('TestButton.button', {'sticky': 'news'})])
+        b = ttk.Button(self.root, style='TestButton')
         b.pack(expand=True, fill='both')
         self.assertEqual(b.winfo_reqwidth(), 16)
         self.assertEqual(b.winfo_reqheight(), 16)
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_ttk/test_widgets.py b/Lib/test/test_ttk/test_widgets.py
index 2e0702da5448a8..10bec33be617a1 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_ttk/test_widgets.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_ttk/test_widgets.py
@@ -5,8 +5,9 @@
 import sys
 
 from test.test_ttk_textonly import MockTclObj
-from test.test_tkinter.support import (AbstractTkTest, tk_version, get_tk_patchlevel,
-                                  simulate_mouse_click, AbstractDefaultRootTest)
+from test.test_tkinter.support import (
+    AbstractTkTest, requires_tk, tk_version, get_tk_patchlevel,
+    simulate_mouse_click, AbstractDefaultRootTest)
 from test.test_tkinter.widget_tests import (add_standard_options,
     AbstractWidgetTest, StandardOptionsTests, IntegerSizeTests, PixelSizeTests)
 
@@ -44,6 +45,10 @@ def padding_conv(value):
         self.checkParam(widget, 'padding', ('5p', '6p', '7p', '8p'))
         self.checkParam(widget, 'padding', (), expected='')
 
+    def test_configure_state(self):
+        widget = self.create()
+        self.checkParams(widget, 'state', 'active', 'disabled', 'readonly')
+
     def test_configure_style(self):
         widget = self.create()
         self.assertEqual(widget['style'], '')
@@ -57,6 +62,11 @@ def test_configure_style(self):
         self.assertEqual(widget2['class'], 'Foo')
         # XXX
 
+    def test_configure_relief(self):
+        widget = self.create()
+        self.checkReliefParam(widget, 'relief',
+                              allow_empty=(tk_version >= (8, 7)))
+
 
 class WidgetTest(AbstractTkTest, unittest.TestCase):
     """Tests methods available in every ttk widget."""
@@ -157,6 +167,7 @@ def test_configure_labelwidget(self):
 
 
 class AbstractLabelTest(AbstractWidgetTest):
+    _allow_empty_justify = True
 
     def checkImageParam(self, widget, name):
         image = tkinter.PhotoImage(master=self.root, name='image1')
@@ -172,17 +183,13 @@ def checkImageParam(self, widget, name):
                 errmsg='image "spam" doesn\'t exist')
 
     def test_configure_compound(self):
-        options = 'none text image center top bottom left right'.split()
-        errmsg = (
-            'bad compound "{}": must be'
-            f' {", ".join(options[:-1])}, or {options[-1]}'
-            )
+        values = ('none', 'text', 'image', 'center', 'top', 'bottom', 'left', 'right')
+        if tk_version >= (8, 7):
+            values += ('',)
         widget = self.create()
-        self.checkEnumParam(widget, 'compound', *options, errmsg=errmsg)
+        self.checkEnumParam(widget, 'compound', *values, allow_empty=True)
 
-    def test_configure_state(self):
-        widget = self.create()
-        self.checkParams(widget, 'state', 'active', 'disabled', 'normal')
+    test_configure_justify = requires_tk(8, 7)(StandardOptionsTests.test_configure_justify)
 
     def test_configure_width(self):
         widget = self.create()
@@ -199,21 +206,19 @@ class LabelTest(AbstractLabelTest, unittest.TestCase):
         'underline', 'width', 'wraplength',
     )
     _conv_pixels = False
+    _allow_empty_justify = tk_version >= (8, 7)
 
     def create(self, **kwargs):
         return ttk.Label(self.root, **kwargs)
 
-    def test_configure_font(self):
-        widget = self.create()
-        self.checkParam(widget, 'font',
-                        '-Adobe-Helvetica-Medium-R-Normal--*-120-*-*-*-*-*-*')
+    test_configure_justify = StandardOptionsTests.test_configure_justify
 
 
 @add_standard_options(StandardTtkOptionsTests)
 class ButtonTest(AbstractLabelTest, unittest.TestCase):
     OPTIONS = (
         'class', 'command', 'compound', 'cursor', 'default',
-        'image', 'padding', 'state', 'style',
+        'image', 'justify', 'padding', 'state', 'style',
         'takefocus', 'text', 'textvariable',
         'underline', 'width',
     )
@@ -223,7 +228,9 @@ def create(self, **kwargs):
 
     def test_configure_default(self):
         widget = self.create()
-        self.checkEnumParam(widget, 'default', 'normal', 'active', 'disabled')
+        values = ('normal', 'active', 'disabled')
+        self.checkEnumParam(widget, 'default', *values,
+                            sort=tk_version >= (8, 7))
 
     def test_invoke(self):
         success = []
@@ -236,7 +243,7 @@ def test_invoke(self):
 class CheckbuttonTest(AbstractLabelTest, unittest.TestCase):
     OPTIONS = (
         'class', 'command', 'compound', 'cursor',
-        'image',
+        'image', 'justify',
         'offvalue', 'onvalue',
         'padding', 'state', 'style',
         'takefocus', 'text', 'textvariable',
@@ -275,7 +282,10 @@ def cb_test():
 
         cbtn['command'] = ''
         res = cbtn.invoke()
-        self.assertFalse(str(res))
+        if tk_version >= (8, 7) and self.wantobjects:
+            self.assertEqual(res, ())
+        else:
+            self.assertEqual(str(res), '')
         self.assertLessEqual(len(success), 1)
         self.assertEqual(cbtn['offvalue'],
             cbtn.tk.globalgetvar(cbtn['variable']))
@@ -322,10 +332,12 @@ class EntryTest(AbstractWidgetTest, unittest.TestCase):
         'background', 'class', 'cursor',
         'exportselection', 'font', 'foreground',
         'invalidcommand', 'justify',
+        'placeholder', 'placeholderforeground',
         'show', 'state', 'style', 'takefocus', 'textvariable',
         'validate', 'validatecommand', 'width', 'xscrollcommand',
     )
-    IDENTIFY_AS = 'Entry.field' if sys.platform == 'darwin' else 'textarea'
+    # bpo-27313: macOS Tk/Tcl may or may not report 'Entry.field'.
+    IDENTIFY_AS = {'Entry.field', 'textarea'}
 
     def setUp(self):
         super().setUp()
@@ -344,11 +356,6 @@ def test_configure_show(self):
         self.checkParam(widget, 'show', '')
         self.checkParam(widget, 'show', ' ')
 
-    def test_configure_state(self):
-        widget = self.create()
-        self.checkParams(widget, 'state',
-                         'disabled', 'normal', 'readonly')
-
     def test_configure_validate(self):
         widget = self.create()
         self.checkEnumParam(widget, 'validate',
@@ -367,8 +374,7 @@ def test_identify(self):
         self.entry.pack()
         self.entry.update()
 
-        # bpo-27313: macOS Cocoa widget differs from X, allow either
-        self.assertEqual(self.entry.identify(5, 5), self.IDENTIFY_AS)
+        self.assertIn(self.entry.identify(5, 5), self.IDENTIFY_AS)
         self.assertEqual(self.entry.identify(-1, -1), "")
 
         self.assertRaises(tkinter.TclError, self.entry.identify, None, 5)
@@ -449,12 +455,13 @@ class ComboboxTest(EntryTest, unittest.TestCase):
     OPTIONS = (
         'background', 'class', 'cursor', 'exportselection',
         'font', 'foreground', 'height', 'invalidcommand',
-        'justify', 'postcommand', 'show', 'state', 'style',
+        'justify', 'placeholder', 'placeholderforeground', 'postcommand',
+        'show', 'state', 'style',
         'takefocus', 'textvariable',
         'validate', 'validatecommand', 'values',
         'width', 'xscrollcommand',
     )
-    IDENTIFY_AS = 'Combobox.button' if sys.platform == 'darwin' else 'textarea'
+    IDENTIFY_AS = {'Combobox.button', 'textarea'}
 
     def setUp(self):
         super().setUp()
@@ -513,7 +520,7 @@ def check_get_current(getval, currval):
             self.assertEqual(self.combo.get(), getval)
             self.assertEqual(self.combo.current(), currval)
 
-        self.assertEqual(self.combo['values'], '')
+        self.assertIn(self.combo['values'], ((), ''))
         check_get_current('', -1)
 
         self.checkParam(self.combo, 'values', 'mon tue wed thur',
@@ -638,8 +645,14 @@ def test_insert(self):
         child2 = ttk.Label(self.root)
         child3 = ttk.Label(self.root)
 
-        self.assertRaises(tkinter.TclError, self.paned.insert, 0, child)
+        if tk_version >= (8, 7):
+            self.paned.insert(0, child)
+            self.assertEqual(self.paned.panes(), (str(child),))
+            self.paned.forget(0)
+        else:
+            self.assertRaises(tkinter.TclError, self.paned.insert, 0, child)
 
+        self.assertEqual(self.paned.panes(), ())
         self.paned.insert('end', child2)
         self.paned.insert(0, child)
         self.assertEqual(self.paned.panes(), (str(child), str(child2)))
@@ -703,7 +716,7 @@ def test_sashpos(self):
 class RadiobuttonTest(AbstractLabelTest, unittest.TestCase):
     OPTIONS = (
         'class', 'command', 'compound', 'cursor',
-        'image',
+        'image', 'justify',
         'padding', 'state', 'style',
         'takefocus', 'text', 'textvariable',
         'underline', 'value', 'variable', 'width',
@@ -742,7 +755,10 @@ def cb_test():
 
         cbtn2['command'] = ''
         res = cbtn2.invoke()
-        self.assertEqual(str(res), '')
+        if tk_version >= (8, 7) and self.wantobjects:
+            self.assertEqual(res, ())
+        else:
+            self.assertEqual(str(res), '')
         self.assertLessEqual(len(success), 1)
         self.assertEqual(conv(cbtn2['value']), myvar.get())
         self.assertEqual(myvar.get(),
@@ -754,7 +770,7 @@ def cb_test():
 class MenubuttonTest(AbstractLabelTest, unittest.TestCase):
     OPTIONS = (
         'class', 'compound', 'cursor', 'direction',
-        'image', 'menu', 'padding', 'state', 'style',
+        'image', 'justify', 'menu', 'padding', 'state', 'style',
         'takefocus', 'text', 'textvariable',
         'underline', 'width',
     )
@@ -762,10 +778,11 @@ class MenubuttonTest(AbstractLabelTest, unittest.TestCase):
     def create(self, **kwargs):
         return ttk.Menubutton(self.root, **kwargs)
 
-    def test_direction(self):
+    def test_configure_direction(self):
         widget = self.create()
-        self.checkEnumParam(widget, 'direction',
-                'above', 'below', 'left', 'right', 'flush')
+        values = ('above', 'below', 'left', 'right', 'flush')
+        self.checkEnumParam(widget, 'direction', *values,
+                            sort=tk_version >= (8, 7))
 
     def test_configure_menu(self):
         widget = self.create()
@@ -778,7 +795,7 @@ def test_configure_menu(self):
 class ScaleTest(AbstractWidgetTest, unittest.TestCase):
     OPTIONS = (
         'class', 'command', 'cursor', 'from', 'length',
-        'orient', 'style', 'takefocus', 'to', 'value', 'variable',
+        'orient', 'state', 'style', 'takefocus', 'to', 'value', 'variable',
     )
     _conv_pixels = False
     default_orient = 'horizontal'
@@ -800,6 +817,8 @@ def test_configure_length(self):
         widget = self.create()
         self.checkPixelsParam(widget, 'length', 130, 131.2, 135.6, '5i')
 
+    test_configure_state = requires_tk(8, 6, 9)(StandardTtkOptionsTests.test_configure_state)
+
     def test_configure_to(self):
         widget = self.create()
         self.checkFloatParam(widget, 'to', 300, 14.9, 15.1, -10, conv=False)
@@ -883,16 +902,28 @@ def test_set(self):
 @add_standard_options(StandardTtkOptionsTests)
 class ProgressbarTest(AbstractWidgetTest, unittest.TestCase):
     OPTIONS = (
-        'class', 'cursor', 'orient', 'length',
-        'mode', 'maximum', 'phase',
+        'anchor', 'class', 'cursor', 'font', 'foreground', 'justify',
+        'orient', 'length',
+        'mode', 'maximum', 'phase', 'text', 'wraplength',
         'style', 'takefocus', 'value', 'variable',
     )
     _conv_pixels = False
+    _allow_empty_justify = True
     default_orient = 'horizontal'
 
     def create(self, **kwargs):
         return ttk.Progressbar(self.root, **kwargs)
 
+    @requires_tk(8, 7)
+    def test_configure_anchor(self):
+        widget = self.create()
+        self.checkEnumParam(widget, 'anchor',
+                'n', 'ne', 'e', 'se', 's', 'sw', 'w', 'nw', 'center', '')
+
+    test_configure_font = requires_tk(8, 7)(StandardOptionsTests.test_configure_font)
+    test_configure_foreground = requires_tk(8, 7)(StandardOptionsTests.test_configure_foreground)
+    test_configure_justify = requires_tk(8, 7)(StandardTtkOptionsTests.test_configure_justify)
+
     def test_configure_length(self):
         widget = self.create()
         self.checkPixelsParam(widget, 'length', 100.1, 56.7, '2i')
@@ -909,11 +940,15 @@ def test_configure_phase(self):
         # XXX
         pass
 
+    test_configure_text = requires_tk(8, 7)(StandardOptionsTests.test_configure_text)
+
     def test_configure_value(self):
         widget = self.create()
         self.checkFloatParam(widget, 'value', 150.2, 77.7, 0, -10,
                              conv=False)
 
+    test_configure_wraplength = requires_tk(8, 7)(StandardOptionsTests.test_configure_wraplength)
+
 
 @unittest.skipIf(sys.platform == 'darwin',
                  'ttk.Scrollbar is special on MacOSX')
@@ -928,11 +963,13 @@ def create(self, **kwargs):
         return ttk.Scrollbar(self.root, **kwargs)
 
 
-@add_standard_options(IntegerSizeTests, StandardTtkOptionsTests)
+@add_standard_options(StandardTtkOptionsTests)
 class NotebookTest(AbstractWidgetTest, unittest.TestCase):
     OPTIONS = (
         'class', 'cursor', 'height', 'padding', 'style', 'takefocus', 'width',
     )
+    if tk_version >= (8, 7):
+        _conv_pixels = False
 
     def setUp(self):
         super().setUp()
@@ -945,6 +982,20 @@ def setUp(self):
     def create(self, **kwargs):
         return ttk.Notebook(self.root, **kwargs)
 
+    def test_configure_height(self):
+        widget = self.create()
+        if get_tk_patchlevel(self.root) < (8, 6, 15):
+            self.checkIntegerParam(widget, 'height', 402, -402, 0)
+        else:
+            self.checkPixelsParam(widget, 'height', '10c', 402, -402, 0, conv=False)
+
+    def test_configure_width(self):
+        widget = self.create()
+        if get_tk_patchlevel(self.root) < (8, 6, 15):
+            self.checkIntegerParam(widget, 'width', 402, -402, 0)
+        else:
+            self.checkPixelsParam(widget, 'width', '10c', 402, -402, 0, conv=False)
+
     def test_tab_identifiers(self):
         self.nb.forget(0)
         self.nb.hide(self.child2)
@@ -1051,7 +1102,11 @@ def test_insert(self):
         self.nb.insert(self.child1, child3)
         self.assertEqual(self.nb.tabs(), (str(child3), ) + tabs)
         self.nb.forget(child3)
-        self.assertRaises(tkinter.TclError, self.nb.insert, 2, child3)
+        if tk_version >= (8, 7):
+            self.nb.insert(2, child3)
+            self.assertEqual(self.nb.tabs(), (*tabs, str(child3)))
+        else:
+            self.assertRaises(tkinter.TclError, self.nb.insert, 2, child3)
         self.assertRaises(tkinter.TclError, self.nb.insert, -1, child3)
 
         # bad inserts
@@ -1143,11 +1198,13 @@ class SpinboxTest(EntryTest, unittest.TestCase):
     OPTIONS = (
         'background', 'class', 'command', 'cursor', 'exportselection',
         'font', 'foreground', 'format', 'from',  'increment',
-        'invalidcommand', 'justify', 'show', 'state', 'style',
+        'invalidcommand', 'justify',
+        'placeholder', 'placeholderforeground',
+        'show', 'state', 'style',
         'takefocus', 'textvariable', 'to', 'validate', 'validatecommand',
         'values', 'width', 'wrap', 'xscrollcommand',
     )
-    IDENTIFY_AS = 'Spinbox.field' if sys.platform == 'darwin' else 'textarea'
+    IDENTIFY_AS = {'Spinbox.field', 'textarea'}
 
     def setUp(self):
         super().setUp()
@@ -1317,8 +1374,9 @@ def test_configure_values(self):
 class TreeviewTest(AbstractWidgetTest, unittest.TestCase):
     OPTIONS = (
         'class', 'columns', 'cursor', 'displaycolumns',
-        'height', 'padding', 'selectmode', 'show',
-        'style', 'takefocus', 'xscrollcommand', 'yscrollcommand',
+        'height', 'padding', 'selectmode', 'selecttype', 'show', 'striped',
+        'style', 'takefocus', 'titlecolumns', 'titleitems',
+        'xscrollcommand', 'yscrollcommand',
     )
 
     def setUp(self):
@@ -1333,7 +1391,8 @@ def test_configure_columns(self):
         self.checkParam(widget, 'columns', 'a b c',
                         expected=('a', 'b', 'c'))
         self.checkParam(widget, 'columns', ('a', 'b', 'c'))
-        self.checkParam(widget, 'columns', '')
+        self.checkParam(widget, 'columns', '',
+                        expected=() if tk_version >= (8, 7) else '')
 
     def test_configure_displaycolumns(self):
         widget = self.create()
@@ -1345,11 +1404,12 @@ def test_configure_displaycolumns(self):
                         expected=('#all',))
         self.checkParam(widget, 'displaycolumns', (2, 1, 0))
         self.checkInvalidParam(widget, 'displaycolumns', ('a', 'b', 'd'),
-                               errmsg='Invalid column index d')
+                               errmsg='Invalid column index "?d"?')
+        errmsg = 'Column index "?{}"? out of bounds'
         self.checkInvalidParam(widget, 'displaycolumns', (1, 2, 3),
-                               errmsg='Column index 3 out of bounds')
+                               errmsg=errmsg.format(3))
         self.checkInvalidParam(widget, 'displaycolumns', (1, -2),
-                               errmsg='Column index -2 out of bounds')
+                               errmsg=errmsg.format(-2))
 
     def test_configure_height(self):
         widget = self.create()
@@ -1361,6 +1421,11 @@ def test_configure_selectmode(self):
         self.checkEnumParam(widget, 'selectmode',
                             'none', 'browse', 'extended')
 
+    @requires_tk(8, 7)
+    def test_configure_selecttype(self):
+        widget = self.create()
+        self.checkEnumParam(widget, 'selecttype', 'item', 'cell')
+
     def test_configure_show(self):
         widget = self.create()
         self.checkParam(widget, 'show', 'tree headings',
@@ -1370,6 +1435,23 @@ def test_configure_show(self):
         self.checkParam(widget, 'show', 'tree', expected=('tree',))
         self.checkParam(widget, 'show', 'headings', expected=('headings',))
 
+    @requires_tk(8, 7)
+    def test_configure_striped(self):
+        widget = self.create()
+        self.checkBooleanParam(widget, 'striped')
+
+    @requires_tk(8, 7)
+    def test_configure_titlecolumns(self):
+        widget = self.create()
+        self.checkIntegerParam(widget, 'titlecolumns', 0, 1, 5)
+        self.checkInvalidParam(widget, 'titlecolumns', -2)
+
+    @requires_tk(8, 7)
+    def test_configure_titleitems(self):
+        widget = self.create()
+        self.checkIntegerParam(widget, 'titleitems', 0, 1, 5)
+        self.checkInvalidParam(widget, 'titleitems', -2)
+
     def test_bbox(self):
         self.tv.pack()
         self.assertEqual(self.tv.bbox(''), '')
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_turtle.py b/Lib/test/test_turtle.py
index 14121a590a5026..c75a002a89b4c4 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_turtle.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_turtle.py
@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
+import os
 import pickle
+import re
 import unittest
+import unittest.mock
+import tempfile
 from test import support
 from test.support import import_helper
 from test.support import os_helper
@@ -130,6 +134,7 @@ def assertVectorsAlmostEqual(self, vec1, vec2):
             self.assertAlmostEqual(
                 i, j, msg='values at index {} do not match'.format(idx))
 
+
 class Multiplier:
 
     def __mul__(self, other):
@@ -461,6 +466,67 @@ def test_teleport(self):
             self.assertTrue(tpen.isdown())
 
 
+class TestTurtleScreen(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_save_raises_if_wrong_extension(self) -> None:
+        screen = unittest.mock.Mock()
+
+        msg = "Unknown file extension: '.png', must be one of {'.ps', '.eps'}"
+        with (
+            tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir,
+            self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, re.escape(msg))
+        ):
+            turtle.TurtleScreen.save(screen, os.path.join(tmpdir, "file.png"))
+
+    def test_save_raises_if_parent_not_found(self) -> None:
+        screen = unittest.mock.Mock()
+
+        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
+            parent = os.path.join(tmpdir, "unknown_parent")
+            msg = f"The directory '{parent}' does not exist. Cannot save to it"
+
+            with self.assertRaisesRegex(FileNotFoundError, re.escape(msg)):
+                turtle.TurtleScreen.save(screen, os.path.join(parent, "a.ps"))
+
+    def test_save_raises_if_file_found(self) -> None:
+        screen = unittest.mock.Mock()
+
+        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
+            file_path = os.path.join(tmpdir, "some_file.ps")
+            with open(file_path, "w") as f:
+                f.write("some text")
+
+            msg = (
+                f"The file '{file_path}' already exists. To overwrite it use"
+                " the 'overwrite=True' argument of the save function."
+            )
+            with self.assertRaisesRegex(FileExistsError, re.escape(msg)):
+                turtle.TurtleScreen.save(screen, file_path)
+
+    def test_save_overwrites_if_specified(self) -> None:
+        screen = unittest.mock.Mock()
+        screen.cv.postscript.return_value = "postscript"
+
+        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
+            file_path = os.path.join(tmpdir, "some_file.ps")
+            with open(file_path, "w") as f:
+                f.write("some text")
+
+            turtle.TurtleScreen.save(screen, file_path, overwrite=True)
+            with open(file_path) as f:
+                assert f.read() == "postscript"
+
+    def test_save(self) -> None:
+        screen = unittest.mock.Mock()
+        screen.cv.postscript.return_value = "postscript"
+
+        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
+            file_path = os.path.join(tmpdir, "some_file.ps")
+
+            turtle.TurtleScreen.save(screen, file_path)
+            with open(file_path) as f:
+                assert f.read() == "postscript"
+
+
 class TestModuleLevel(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_all_signatures(self):
         import inspect
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_type_aliases.py b/Lib/test/test_type_aliases.py
index f8b395fdc8bb1d..230bbe646baf28 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_type_aliases.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_type_aliases.py
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 import pickle
-import textwrap
 import types
 import unittest
 from test.support import check_syntax_error, run_code
 from test.typinganndata import mod_generics_cache
 
-from typing import Callable, TypeAliasType, TypeVar, get_args
+from typing import (
+    Callable, TypeAliasType, TypeVar, TypeVarTuple, ParamSpec, get_args,
+)
 
 
 class TypeParamsInvalidTest(unittest.TestCase):
@@ -212,6 +213,59 @@ def test_generic(self):
         self.assertEqual(TA.__value__, list[T])
         self.assertEqual(TA.__type_params__, (T,))
         self.assertEqual(TA.__module__, __name__)
+        self.assertIs(type(TA[int]), types.GenericAlias)
+
+    def test_not_generic(self):
+        TA = TypeAliasType("TA", list[int], type_params=())
+        self.assertEqual(TA.__name__, "TA")
+        self.assertEqual(TA.__value__, list[int])
+        self.assertEqual(TA.__type_params__, ())
+        self.assertEqual(TA.__module__, __name__)
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(
+            TypeError,
+            "Only generic type aliases are subscriptable",
+        ):
+            TA[int]
+
+    def test_type_params_order_with_defaults(self):
+        HasNoDefaultT = TypeVar("HasNoDefaultT")
+        WithDefaultT = TypeVar("WithDefaultT", default=int)
+
+        HasNoDefaultP = ParamSpec("HasNoDefaultP")
+        WithDefaultP = ParamSpec("WithDefaultP", default=HasNoDefaultP)
+
+        HasNoDefaultTT = TypeVarTuple("HasNoDefaultTT")
+        WithDefaultTT = TypeVarTuple("WithDefaultTT", default=HasNoDefaultTT)
+
+        for type_params in [
+            (HasNoDefaultT, WithDefaultT),
+            (HasNoDefaultP, WithDefaultP),
+            (HasNoDefaultTT, WithDefaultTT),
+        ]:
+            with self.subTest(type_params=type_params):
+                TypeAliasType("A", int, type_params=type_params)  # ok
+
+        msg = "follows default type parameter"
+        for type_params in [
+            (WithDefaultT, HasNoDefaultT),
+            (WithDefaultP, HasNoDefaultP),
+            (WithDefaultTT, HasNoDefaultTT),
+            (WithDefaultT, HasNoDefaultP),  # different types
+        ]:
+            with self.subTest(type_params=type_params):
+                with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, msg):
+                    TypeAliasType("A", int, type_params=type_params)
+
+    def test_expects_type_like(self):
+        T = TypeVar("T")
+
+        msg = "Expected a type param"
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, msg):
+            TypeAliasType("A", int, type_params=(1,))
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, msg):
+            TypeAliasType("A", int, type_params=(1, 2))
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, msg):
+            TypeAliasType("A", int, type_params=(T, 2))
 
     def test_keywords(self):
         TA = TypeAliasType(name="TA", value=int)
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_type_annotations.py b/Lib/test/test_type_annotations.py
index 5e3c3347a41571..257b7fa95dcb76 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_type_annotations.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_type_annotations.py
@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
+import annotationlib
 import textwrap
 import types
 import unittest
-from test.support import run_code
+from test.support import run_code, check_syntax_error
+
 
 class TypeAnnotationTests(unittest.TestCase):
 
@@ -49,6 +51,7 @@ def test_annotations_are_created_correctly(self):
         class C:
             a:int=3
             b:str=4
+        self.assertEqual(C.__annotations__, {"a": int, "b": str})
         self.assertTrue("__annotations__" in C.__dict__)
         del C.__annotations__
         self.assertFalse("__annotations__" in C.__dict__)
@@ -106,6 +109,13 @@ class D(metaclass=C):
         self.assertEqual(D.__annotations__, {})
 
 
+def build_module(code: str, name: str = "top") -> types.ModuleType:
+    ns = run_code(code)
+    mod = types.ModuleType(name)
+    mod.__dict__.update(ns)
+    return mod
+
+
 class TestSetupAnnotations(unittest.TestCase):
     def check(self, code: str):
         code = textwrap.dedent(code)
@@ -113,11 +123,10 @@ def check(self, code: str):
             with self.subTest(scope=scope):
                 if scope == "class":
                     code = f"class C:\n{textwrap.indent(code, '    ')}"
-                ns = run_code(code)
-                if scope == "class":
+                    ns = run_code(code)
                     annotations = ns["C"].__annotations__
                 else:
-                    annotations = ns["__annotations__"]
+                    annotations = build_module(code).__annotations__
                 self.assertEqual(annotations, {"x": int})
 
     def test_top_level(self):
@@ -256,3 +265,146 @@ def check_annotations(self, f):
         # Setting f.__annotations__ also clears __annotate__
         f.__annotations__ = {"z": 43}
         self.assertIs(f.__annotate__, None)
+
+
+class DeferredEvaluationTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_function(self):
+        def func(x: undefined, /, y: undefined, *args: undefined, z: undefined, **kwargs: undefined) -> undefined:
+            pass
+
+        with self.assertRaises(NameError):
+            func.__annotations__
+
+        undefined = 1
+        self.assertEqual(func.__annotations__, {
+            "x": 1,
+            "y": 1,
+            "args": 1,
+            "z": 1,
+            "kwargs": 1,
+            "return": 1,
+        })
+
+    def test_async_function(self):
+        async def func(x: undefined, /, y: undefined, *args: undefined, z: undefined, **kwargs: undefined) -> undefined:
+            pass
+
+        with self.assertRaises(NameError):
+            func.__annotations__
+
+        undefined = 1
+        self.assertEqual(func.__annotations__, {
+            "x": 1,
+            "y": 1,
+            "args": 1,
+            "z": 1,
+            "kwargs": 1,
+            "return": 1,
+        })
+
+    def test_class(self):
+        class X:
+            a: undefined
+
+        with self.assertRaises(NameError):
+            X.__annotations__
+
+        undefined = 1
+        self.assertEqual(X.__annotations__, {"a": 1})
+
+    def test_module(self):
+        ns = run_code("x: undefined = 1")
+        anno = ns["__annotate__"]
+        with self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError):
+            anno(2)
+
+        with self.assertRaises(NameError):
+            anno(1)
+
+        ns["undefined"] = 1
+        self.assertEqual(anno(1), {"x": 1})
+
+    def test_class_scoping(self):
+        class Outer:
+            def meth(self, x: Nested): ...
+            x: Nested
+            class Nested: ...
+
+        self.assertEqual(Outer.meth.__annotations__, {"x": Outer.Nested})
+        self.assertEqual(Outer.__annotations__, {"x": Outer.Nested})
+
+    def test_no_exotic_expressions(self):
+        check_syntax_error(self, "def func(x: (yield)): ...", "yield expression cannot be used within an annotation")
+        check_syntax_error(self, "def func(x: (yield from x)): ...", "yield expression cannot be used within an annotation")
+        check_syntax_error(self, "def func(x: (y := 3)): ...", "named expression cannot be used within an annotation")
+        check_syntax_error(self, "def func(x: (await 42)): ...", "await expression cannot be used within an annotation")
+
+    def test_no_exotic_expressions_in_unevaluated_annotations(self):
+        preludes = [
+            "",
+            "class X: ",
+            "def f(): ",
+            "async def f(): ",
+        ]
+        for prelude in preludes:
+            with self.subTest(prelude=prelude):
+                check_syntax_error(self, prelude + "(x): (yield)", "yield expression cannot be used within an annotation")
+                check_syntax_error(self, prelude + "(x): (yield from x)", "yield expression cannot be used within an annotation")
+                check_syntax_error(self, prelude + "(x): (y := 3)", "named expression cannot be used within an annotation")
+                check_syntax_error(self, prelude + "(x): (await 42)", "await expression cannot be used within an annotation")
+
+    def test_ignore_non_simple_annotations(self):
+        ns = run_code("class X: (y): int")
+        self.assertEqual(ns["X"].__annotations__, {})
+        ns = run_code("class X: int.b: int")
+        self.assertEqual(ns["X"].__annotations__, {})
+        ns = run_code("class X: int[str]: int")
+        self.assertEqual(ns["X"].__annotations__, {})
+
+    def test_generated_annotate(self):
+        def func(x: int):
+            pass
+        class X:
+            x: int
+        mod = build_module("x: int")
+        for obj in (func, X, mod):
+            with self.subTest(obj=obj):
+                annotate = obj.__annotate__
+                self.assertIsInstance(annotate, types.FunctionType)
+                self.assertEqual(annotate.__name__, "__annotate__")
+                with self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError):
+                    annotate(annotationlib.Format.FORWARDREF)
+                with self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError):
+                    annotate(annotationlib.Format.STRING)
+                with self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError):
+                    annotate(None)
+                self.assertEqual(annotate(annotationlib.Format.VALUE), {"x": int})
+
+    def test_comprehension_in_annotation(self):
+        # This crashed in an earlier version of the code
+        ns = run_code("x: [y for y in range(10)]")
+        self.assertEqual(ns["__annotate__"](1), {"x": list(range(10))})
+
+    def test_future_annotations(self):
+        code = """
+        from __future__ import annotations
+
+        def f(x: int) -> int: pass
+        """
+        ns = run_code(code)
+        f = ns["f"]
+        self.assertIsInstance(f.__annotate__, types.FunctionType)
+        annos = {"x": "int", "return": "int"}
+        self.assertEqual(f.__annotate__(annotationlib.Format.VALUE), annos)
+        self.assertEqual(f.__annotations__, annos)
+
+    def test_name_clash_with_format(self):
+        # this test would fail if __annotate__'s parameter was called "format"
+        code = """
+        class format: pass
+
+        def f(x: format): pass
+        """
+        ns = run_code(code)
+        f = ns["f"]
+        self.assertEqual(f.__annotations__, {"x": ns["format"]})
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_type_cache.py b/Lib/test/test_type_cache.py
index e90e315c808361..66abe73f8d766d 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_type_cache.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_type_cache.py
@@ -10,8 +10,9 @@
 
 # Skip this test if the _testcapi module isn't available.
 _testcapi = import_helper.import_module("_testcapi")
+_testinternalcapi = import_helper.import_module("_testinternalcapi")
 type_get_version = _testcapi.type_get_version
-type_assign_specific_version_unsafe = _testcapi.type_assign_specific_version_unsafe
+type_assign_specific_version_unsafe = _testinternalcapi.type_assign_specific_version_unsafe
 type_assign_version = _testcapi.type_assign_version
 type_modified = _testcapi.type_modified
 
@@ -92,6 +93,21 @@ class C:
         new_version = type_get_version(C)
         self.assertEqual(new_version, 0)
 
+    def test_119462(self):
+
+        class Holder:
+            value = None
+
+            @classmethod
+            def set_value(cls):
+                cls.value = object()
+
+        class HolderSub(Holder):
+            pass
+
+        for _ in range(1050):
+            Holder.set_value()
+            HolderSub.value
 
 @support.cpython_only
 @requires_specialization
@@ -105,8 +121,10 @@ def _assign_valid_version_or_skip(self, type_):
         if type_get_version(type_) == 0:
             self.skipTest("Could not assign valid type version")
 
-    def _assign_and_check_version_0(self, user_type):
+    def _no_more_versions(self, user_type):
         type_modified(user_type)
+        for _ in range(1001):
+            type_assign_specific_version_unsafe(user_type, 1000_000_000)
         type_assign_specific_version_unsafe(user_type, 0)
         self.assertEqual(type_get_version(user_type), 0)
 
@@ -135,7 +153,7 @@ def load_foo_1(type_):
         self._check_specialization(load_foo_1, A, "LOAD_ATTR", should_specialize=True)
         del load_foo_1
 
-        self._assign_and_check_version_0(A)
+        self._no_more_versions(A)
 
         def load_foo_2(type_):
             return type_.foo
@@ -143,8 +161,8 @@ def load_foo_2(type_):
         self._check_specialization(load_foo_2, A, "LOAD_ATTR", should_specialize=False)
 
     def test_class_load_attr_specialization_static_type(self):
-        self._assign_valid_version_or_skip(str)
-        self._assign_valid_version_or_skip(bytes)
+        self.assertNotEqual(type_get_version(str), 0)
+        self.assertNotEqual(type_get_version(bytes), 0)
 
         def get_capitalize_1(type_):
             return type_.capitalize
@@ -152,25 +170,6 @@ def get_capitalize_1(type_):
         self._check_specialization(get_capitalize_1, str, "LOAD_ATTR", should_specialize=True)
         self.assertEqual(get_capitalize_1(str)('hello'), 'Hello')
         self.assertEqual(get_capitalize_1(bytes)(b'hello'), b'Hello')
-        del get_capitalize_1
-
-        # Permanently overflow the static type version counter, and force str and bytes
-        # to have tp_version_tag == 0
-        for _ in range(2**16):
-            type_modified(str)
-            type_assign_version(str)
-            type_modified(bytes)
-            type_assign_version(bytes)
-
-        self.assertEqual(type_get_version(str), 0)
-        self.assertEqual(type_get_version(bytes), 0)
-
-        def get_capitalize_2(type_):
-            return type_.capitalize
-
-        self._check_specialization(get_capitalize_2, str, "LOAD_ATTR", should_specialize=False)
-        self.assertEqual(get_capitalize_2(str)('hello'), 'Hello')
-        self.assertEqual(get_capitalize_2(bytes)(b'hello'), b'Hello')
 
     def test_property_load_attr_specialization_user_type(self):
         class G:
@@ -186,7 +185,7 @@ def load_x_1(instance):
         self._check_specialization(load_x_1, G(), "LOAD_ATTR", should_specialize=True)
         del load_x_1
 
-        self._assign_and_check_version_0(G)
+        self._no_more_versions(G)
 
         def load_x_2(instance):
             instance.x
@@ -205,7 +204,7 @@ def store_bar_1(type_):
         self._check_specialization(store_bar_1, B(), "STORE_ATTR", should_specialize=True)
         del store_bar_1
 
-        self._assign_and_check_version_0(B)
+        self._no_more_versions(B)
 
         def store_bar_2(type_):
             type_.bar = 10
@@ -225,7 +224,7 @@ def call_class_1(type_):
         self._check_specialization(call_class_1, F, "CALL", should_specialize=True)
         del call_class_1
 
-        self._assign_and_check_version_0(F)
+        self._no_more_versions(F)
 
         def call_class_2(type_):
             type_()
@@ -244,7 +243,7 @@ def to_bool_1(instance):
         self._check_specialization(to_bool_1, H(), "TO_BOOL", should_specialize=True)
         del to_bool_1
 
-        self._assign_and_check_version_0(H)
+        self._no_more_versions(H)
 
         def to_bool_2(instance):
             not instance
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_type_params.py b/Lib/test/test_type_params.py
index bf1a34b9fc82b3..433b19593bdd04 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_type_params.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_type_params.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import annotationlib
 import asyncio
 import textwrap
 import types
@@ -6,7 +7,7 @@
 import weakref
 from test.support import requires_working_socket, check_syntax_error, run_code
 
-from typing import Generic, NoDefault, Sequence, TypeVar, TypeVarTuple, ParamSpec, get_args
+from typing import Generic, NoDefault, Sequence, TypeAliasType, TypeVar, TypeVarTuple, ParamSpec, get_args
 
 
 class TypeParamsInvalidTest(unittest.TestCase):
@@ -950,6 +951,7 @@ class C[T](Base, a=1, b=2, **kwargs):
         T, = C.__type_params__
         self.assertEqual(T.__name__, "T")
         self.assertEqual(C.kwargs, {"a": 1, "b": 2, "c": 3})
+        self.assertEqual(C.__bases__, (Base, Generic))
 
         bases = (Base,)
         class C2[T](*bases, **kwargs):
@@ -958,6 +960,22 @@ class C2[T](*bases, **kwargs):
         T, = C2.__type_params__
         self.assertEqual(T.__name__, "T")
         self.assertEqual(C2.kwargs, {"c": 3})
+        self.assertEqual(C2.__bases__, (Base, Generic))
+
+    def test_starargs_base(self):
+        class C1[T](*()): pass
+
+        T, = C1.__type_params__
+        self.assertEqual(T.__name__, "T")
+        self.assertEqual(C1.__bases__, (Generic,))
+
+        class Base: pass
+        bases = [Base]
+        class C2[T](*bases): pass
+
+        T, = C2.__type_params__
+        self.assertEqual(T.__name__, "T")
+        self.assertEqual(C2.__bases__, (Base, Generic))
 
 
 class TypeParamsTraditionalTypeVarsTest(unittest.TestCase):
@@ -1394,3 +1412,54 @@ def test_symtable_key_regression_name(self):
 
         self.assertEqual(ns["X1"].__type_params__[0].__default__, "A")
         self.assertEqual(ns["X2"].__type_params__[0].__default__, "B")
+
+
+class TestEvaluateFunctions(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_general(self):
+        type Alias = int
+        Alias2 = TypeAliasType("Alias2", int)
+        def f[T: int = int, **P = int, *Ts = int](): pass
+        T, P, Ts = f.__type_params__
+        T2 = TypeVar("T2", bound=int, default=int)
+        P2 = ParamSpec("P2", default=int)
+        Ts2 = TypeVarTuple("Ts2", default=int)
+        cases = [
+            Alias.evaluate_value,
+            Alias2.evaluate_value,
+            T.evaluate_bound,
+            T.evaluate_default,
+            P.evaluate_default,
+            Ts.evaluate_default,
+            T2.evaluate_bound,
+            T2.evaluate_default,
+            P2.evaluate_default,
+            Ts2.evaluate_default,
+        ]
+        for case in cases:
+            with self.subTest(case=case):
+                self.assertIs(case(1), int)
+                self.assertIs(annotationlib.call_evaluate_function(case, annotationlib.Format.VALUE), int)
+                self.assertIs(annotationlib.call_evaluate_function(case, annotationlib.Format.FORWARDREF), int)
+                self.assertEqual(annotationlib.call_evaluate_function(case, annotationlib.Format.STRING), 'int')
+
+    def test_constraints(self):
+        def f[T: (int, str)](): pass
+        T, = f.__type_params__
+        T2 = TypeVar("T2", int, str)
+        for case in [T, T2]:
+            with self.subTest(case=case):
+                self.assertEqual(case.evaluate_constraints(1), (int, str))
+                self.assertEqual(annotationlib.call_evaluate_function(case.evaluate_constraints, annotationlib.Format.VALUE), (int, str))
+                self.assertEqual(annotationlib.call_evaluate_function(case.evaluate_constraints, annotationlib.Format.FORWARDREF), (int, str))
+                self.assertEqual(annotationlib.call_evaluate_function(case.evaluate_constraints, annotationlib.Format.STRING), '(int, str)')
+
+    def test_const_evaluator(self):
+        T = TypeVar("T", bound=int)
+        self.assertEqual(repr(T.evaluate_bound), "<constevaluator <class 'int'>>")
+
+        ConstEvaluator = type(T.evaluate_bound)
+
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"cannot create '_typing\._ConstEvaluator' instances"):
+            ConstEvaluator()  # This used to segfault.
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"cannot set 'attribute' attribute of immutable type '_typing\._ConstEvaluator'"):
+            ConstEvaluator.attribute = 1
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_types.py b/Lib/test/test_types.py
index fbca198aab5180..d1161719d98040 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_types.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_types.py
@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
 # Python test set -- part 6, built-in types
 
-from test.support import run_with_locale, cpython_only, MISSING_C_DOCSTRINGS
+from test.support import (
+    run_with_locale, is_apple_mobile, cpython_only, no_rerun,
+    iter_builtin_types, iter_slot_wrappers,
+    MISSING_C_DOCSTRINGS,
+)
 import collections.abc
 from collections import namedtuple, UserDict
 import copy
@@ -10,6 +14,7 @@
 import pickle
 import locale
 import sys
+import textwrap
 import types
 import unittest.mock
 import weakref
@@ -393,7 +398,7 @@ def test(i, format_spec, result):
         test(123456, "1=20", '11111111111111123456')
         test(123456, "*=20", '**************123456')
 
-    @run_with_locale('LC_NUMERIC', 'en_US.UTF8')
+    @run_with_locale('LC_NUMERIC', 'en_US.UTF8', '')
     def test_float__format__locale(self):
         # test locale support for __format__ code 'n'
 
@@ -402,7 +407,7 @@ def test_float__format__locale(self):
             self.assertEqual(locale.format_string('%g', x, grouping=True), format(x, 'n'))
             self.assertEqual(locale.format_string('%.10g', x, grouping=True), format(x, '.10n'))
 
-    @run_with_locale('LC_NUMERIC', 'en_US.UTF8')
+    @run_with_locale('LC_NUMERIC', 'en_US.UTF8', '')
     def test_int__format__locale(self):
         # test locale support for __format__ code 'n' for integers
 
@@ -2345,5 +2350,90 @@ def ex(a, /, b, *, c):
             )
 
 
+class SubinterpreterTests(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    NUMERIC_METHODS = {
+        '__abs__',
+        '__add__',
+        '__bool__',
+        '__divmod__',
+        '__float__',
+        '__floordiv__',
+        '__index__',
+        '__int__',
+        '__lshift__',
+        '__mod__',
+        '__mul__',
+        '__neg__',
+        '__pos__',
+        '__pow__',
+        '__radd__',
+        '__rdivmod__',
+        '__rfloordiv__',
+        '__rlshift__',
+        '__rmod__',
+        '__rmul__',
+        '__rpow__',
+        '__rrshift__',
+        '__rshift__',
+        '__rsub__',
+        '__rtruediv__',
+        '__sub__',
+        '__truediv__',
+    }
+
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpClass(cls):
+        global interpreters
+        try:
+            from test.support import interpreters
+        except ModuleNotFoundError:
+            raise unittest.SkipTest('subinterpreters required')
+        import test.support.interpreters.channels
+
+    @cpython_only
+    @no_rerun('channels (and queues) might have a refleak; see gh-122199')
+    def test_static_types_inherited_slots(self):
+        rch, sch = interpreters.channels.create()
+
+        script = textwrap.dedent("""
+            import test.support
+            results = []
+            for cls in test.support.iter_builtin_types():
+                for attr, _ in test.support.iter_slot_wrappers(cls):
+                    wrapper = getattr(cls, attr)
+                    res = (cls, attr, wrapper)
+                    results.append(res)
+            results = tuple((repr(c), a, repr(w)) for c, a, w in results)
+            sch.send_nowait(results)
+            """)
+        def collate_results(raw):
+            results = {}
+            for cls, attr, wrapper in raw:
+                key = cls, attr
+                assert key not in results, (results, key, wrapper)
+                results[key] = wrapper
+            return results
+
+        exec(script)
+        raw = rch.recv_nowait()
+        main_results = collate_results(raw)
+
+        interp = interpreters.create()
+        interp.exec('from test.support import interpreters')
+        interp.prepare_main(sch=sch)
+        interp.exec(script)
+        raw = rch.recv_nowait()
+        interp_results = collate_results(raw)
+
+        for key, expected in main_results.items():
+            cls, attr = key
+            with self.subTest(cls=cls, slotattr=attr):
+                actual = interp_results.pop(key)
+                self.assertEqual(actual, expected)
+        self.maxDiff = None
+        self.assertEqual(interp_results, {})
+
+
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_typing.py b/Lib/test/test_typing.py
index dac55ceb9e99e0..2f1f9e86a0bce4 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_typing.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_typing.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import annotationlib
 import contextlib
 import collections
 import collections.abc
@@ -45,7 +46,7 @@
 import weakref
 import types
 
-from test.support import captured_stderr, cpython_only, infinite_recursion, requires_docstrings, import_helper
+from test.support import captured_stderr, cpython_only, infinite_recursion, requires_docstrings, import_helper, run_code
 from test.typinganndata import ann_module695, mod_generics_cache, _typed_dict_helper
 
 
@@ -578,6 +579,55 @@ def test_constructor(self):
         self.assertEqual(T.__name__, "T")
         self.assertEqual(T.__constraints__, ())
         self.assertIs(T.__bound__, None)
+        self.assertIs(T.__default__, typing.NoDefault)
+        self.assertIs(T.__covariant__, False)
+        self.assertIs(T.__contravariant__, False)
+        self.assertIs(T.__infer_variance__, False)
+
+        T = TypeVar(name="T", bound=type)
+        self.assertEqual(T.__name__, "T")
+        self.assertEqual(T.__constraints__, ())
+        self.assertIs(T.__bound__, type)
+        self.assertIs(T.__default__, typing.NoDefault)
+        self.assertIs(T.__covariant__, False)
+        self.assertIs(T.__contravariant__, False)
+        self.assertIs(T.__infer_variance__, False)
+
+        T = TypeVar(name="T", default=())
+        self.assertEqual(T.__name__, "T")
+        self.assertEqual(T.__constraints__, ())
+        self.assertIs(T.__bound__, None)
+        self.assertIs(T.__default__, ())
+        self.assertIs(T.__covariant__, False)
+        self.assertIs(T.__contravariant__, False)
+        self.assertIs(T.__infer_variance__, False)
+
+        T = TypeVar(name="T", covariant=True)
+        self.assertEqual(T.__name__, "T")
+        self.assertEqual(T.__constraints__, ())
+        self.assertIs(T.__bound__, None)
+        self.assertIs(T.__default__, typing.NoDefault)
+        self.assertIs(T.__covariant__, True)
+        self.assertIs(T.__contravariant__, False)
+        self.assertIs(T.__infer_variance__, False)
+
+        T = TypeVar(name="T", contravariant=True)
+        self.assertEqual(T.__name__, "T")
+        self.assertEqual(T.__constraints__, ())
+        self.assertIs(T.__bound__, None)
+        self.assertIs(T.__default__, typing.NoDefault)
+        self.assertIs(T.__covariant__, False)
+        self.assertIs(T.__contravariant__, True)
+        self.assertIs(T.__infer_variance__, False)
+
+        T = TypeVar(name="T", infer_variance=True)
+        self.assertEqual(T.__name__, "T")
+        self.assertEqual(T.__constraints__, ())
+        self.assertIs(T.__bound__, None)
+        self.assertIs(T.__default__, typing.NoDefault)
+        self.assertIs(T.__covariant__, False)
+        self.assertIs(T.__contravariant__, False)
+        self.assertIs(T.__infer_variance__, True)
 
 
 class TypeParameterDefaultsTests(BaseTestCase):
@@ -2450,7 +2500,7 @@ def test_concatenate(self):
 
     def test_nested_paramspec(self):
         # Since Callable has some special treatment, we want to be sure
-        # that substituion works correctly, see gh-103054
+        # that substitution works correctly, see gh-103054
         Callable = self.Callable
         P = ParamSpec('P')
         P2 = ParamSpec('P2')
@@ -4858,20 +4908,30 @@ def f(x: X): ...
             {'x': list[list[ForwardRef('X')]]}
         )
 
-    def test_pep695_generic_with_future_annotations(self):
+    def test_pep695_generic_class_with_future_annotations(self):
+        original_globals = dict(ann_module695.__dict__)
+
         hints_for_A = get_type_hints(ann_module695.A)
         A_type_params = ann_module695.A.__type_params__
         self.assertIs(hints_for_A["x"], A_type_params[0])
         self.assertEqual(hints_for_A["y"].__args__[0], Unpack[A_type_params[1]])
         self.assertIs(hints_for_A["z"].__args__[0], A_type_params[2])
 
+        # should not have changed as a result of the get_type_hints() calls!
+        self.assertEqual(ann_module695.__dict__, original_globals)
+
+    def test_pep695_generic_class_with_future_annotations_and_local_shadowing(self):
         hints_for_B = get_type_hints(ann_module695.B)
-        self.assertEqual(hints_for_B.keys(), {"x", "y", "z"})
+        self.assertEqual(hints_for_B, {"x": int, "y": str, "z": bytes})
+
+    def test_pep695_generic_class_with_future_annotations_name_clash_with_global_vars(self):
+        hints_for_C = get_type_hints(ann_module695.C)
         self.assertEqual(
-            set(hints_for_B.values()) ^ set(ann_module695.B.__type_params__),
-            set()
+            set(hints_for_C.values()),
+            set(ann_module695.C.__type_params__)
         )
 
+    def test_pep_695_generic_function_with_future_annotations(self):
         hints_for_generic_function = get_type_hints(ann_module695.generic_function)
         func_t_params = ann_module695.generic_function.__type_params__
         self.assertEqual(
@@ -4882,6 +4942,54 @@ def test_pep695_generic_with_future_annotations(self):
         self.assertIs(hints_for_generic_function["z"].__origin__, func_t_params[2])
         self.assertIs(hints_for_generic_function["zz"].__origin__, func_t_params[2])
 
+    def test_pep_695_generic_function_with_future_annotations_name_clash_with_global_vars(self):
+        self.assertEqual(
+            set(get_type_hints(ann_module695.generic_function_2).values()),
+            set(ann_module695.generic_function_2.__type_params__)
+        )
+
+    def test_pep_695_generic_method_with_future_annotations(self):
+        hints_for_generic_method = get_type_hints(ann_module695.D.generic_method)
+        params = {
+            param.__name__: param
+            for param in ann_module695.D.generic_method.__type_params__
+        }
+        self.assertEqual(
+            hints_for_generic_method,
+            {"x": params["Foo"], "y": params["Bar"], "return": types.NoneType}
+        )
+
+    def test_pep_695_generic_method_with_future_annotations_name_clash_with_global_vars(self):
+        self.assertEqual(
+            set(get_type_hints(ann_module695.D.generic_method_2).values()),
+            set(ann_module695.D.generic_method_2.__type_params__)
+        )
+
+    def test_pep_695_generics_with_future_annotations_nested_in_function(self):
+        results = ann_module695.nested()
+
+        self.assertEqual(
+            set(results.hints_for_E.values()),
+            set(results.E.__type_params__)
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            set(results.hints_for_E_meth.values()),
+            set(results.E.generic_method.__type_params__)
+        )
+        self.assertNotEqual(
+            set(results.hints_for_E_meth.values()),
+            set(results.E.__type_params__)
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            set(results.hints_for_E_meth.values()).intersection(results.E.__type_params__),
+            set()
+        )
+
+        self.assertEqual(
+            set(results.hints_for_generic_func.values()),
+            set(results.generic_func.__type_params__)
+        )
+
     def test_extended_generic_rules_subclassing(self):
         class T1(Tuple[T, KT]): ...
         class T2(Tuple[T, ...]): ...
@@ -6634,7 +6742,7 @@ def test_get_type_hints_from_various_objects(self):
             gth(None)
 
     def test_get_type_hints_modules(self):
-        ann_module_type_hints = {1: 2, 'f': Tuple[int, int], 'x': int, 'y': str, 'u': int | float}
+        ann_module_type_hints = {'f': Tuple[int, int], 'x': int, 'y': str, 'u': int | float}
         self.assertEqual(gth(ann_module), ann_module_type_hints)
         self.assertEqual(gth(ann_module2), {})
         self.assertEqual(gth(ann_module3), {})
@@ -6652,7 +6760,7 @@ def test_get_type_hints_classes(self):
         self.assertEqual(gth(ann_module.C),  # gth will find the right globalns
                          {'y': Optional[ann_module.C]})
         self.assertIsInstance(gth(ann_module.j_class), dict)
-        self.assertEqual(gth(ann_module.M), {'123': 123, 'o': type})
+        self.assertEqual(gth(ann_module.M), {'o': type})
         self.assertEqual(gth(ann_module.D),
                          {'j': str, 'k': str, 'y': Optional[ann_module.C]})
         self.assertEqual(gth(ann_module.Y), {'z': int})
@@ -6935,6 +7043,25 @@ def h(x: collections.abc.Callable[P, int]): ...
         self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(g), {'x': collections.abc.Callable[..., int]})
         self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(h), {'x': collections.abc.Callable[P, int]})
 
+    def test_get_type_hints_format(self):
+        class C:
+            x: undefined
+
+        with self.assertRaises(NameError):
+            get_type_hints(C)
+
+        with self.assertRaises(NameError):
+            get_type_hints(C, format=annotationlib.Format.VALUE)
+
+        annos = get_type_hints(C, format=annotationlib.Format.FORWARDREF)
+        self.assertIsInstance(annos, dict)
+        self.assertEqual(list(annos), ['x'])
+        self.assertIsInstance(annos['x'], annotationlib.ForwardRef)
+        self.assertEqual(annos['x'].__arg__, 'undefined')
+
+        self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(C, format=annotationlib.Format.STRING),
+                         {'x': 'undefined'})
+
 
 class GetUtilitiesTestCase(TestCase):
     def test_get_origin(self):
@@ -7754,6 +7881,48 @@ class XMethBad2(NamedTuple):
                 def _source(self):
                     return 'no chance for this as well'
 
+    def test_annotation_type_check(self):
+        # These are rejected by _type_check
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            class X(NamedTuple):
+                a: Final
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            class Y(NamedTuple):
+                a: (1, 2)
+
+        # Conversion by _type_convert
+        class Z(NamedTuple):
+            a: None
+            b: "str"
+        annos = {'a': type(None), 'b': ForwardRef("str")}
+        self.assertEqual(Z.__annotations__, annos)
+        self.assertEqual(Z.__annotate__(annotationlib.Format.VALUE), annos)
+        self.assertEqual(Z.__annotate__(annotationlib.Format.FORWARDREF), annos)
+        self.assertEqual(Z.__annotate__(annotationlib.Format.STRING), {"a": "None", "b": "str"})
+
+    def test_future_annotations(self):
+        code = """
+        from __future__ import annotations
+        from typing import NamedTuple
+        class X(NamedTuple):
+            a: int
+            b: None
+        """
+        ns = run_code(textwrap.dedent(code))
+        X = ns['X']
+        self.assertEqual(X.__annotations__, {'a': ForwardRef("int"), 'b': ForwardRef("None")})
+
+    def test_deferred_annotations(self):
+        class X(NamedTuple):
+            y: undefined
+
+        self.assertEqual(X._fields, ('y',))
+        with self.assertRaises(NameError):
+            X.__annotations__
+
+        undefined = int
+        self.assertEqual(X.__annotations__, {'y': int})
+
     def test_multiple_inheritance(self):
         class A:
             pass
@@ -8068,7 +8237,11 @@ def test_basics_functional_syntax(self):
         self.assertEqual(Emp.__name__, 'Emp')
         self.assertEqual(Emp.__module__, __name__)
         self.assertEqual(Emp.__bases__, (dict,))
-        self.assertEqual(Emp.__annotations__, {'name': str, 'id': int})
+        annos = {'name': str, 'id': int}
+        self.assertEqual(Emp.__annotations__, annos)
+        self.assertEqual(Emp.__annotate__(annotationlib.Format.VALUE), annos)
+        self.assertEqual(Emp.__annotate__(annotationlib.Format.FORWARDREF), annos)
+        self.assertEqual(Emp.__annotate__(annotationlib.Format.STRING), {'name': 'str', 'id': 'int'})
         self.assertEqual(Emp.__total__, True)
         self.assertEqual(Emp.__required_keys__, {'name', 'id'})
         self.assertIsInstance(Emp.__required_keys__, frozenset)
@@ -8429,6 +8602,8 @@ class A[T](TypedDict):
         self.assertEqual(A.__bases__, (Generic, dict))
         self.assertEqual(A.__orig_bases__, (TypedDict, Generic[T]))
         self.assertEqual(A.__mro__, (A, Generic, dict, object))
+        self.assertEqual(A.__annotations__, {'a': T})
+        self.assertEqual(A.__annotate__(annotationlib.Format.STRING), {'a': 'T'})
         self.assertEqual(A.__parameters__, (T,))
         self.assertEqual(A[str].__parameters__, ())
         self.assertEqual(A[str].__args__, (str,))
@@ -8440,6 +8615,8 @@ class A(TypedDict, Generic[T]):
         self.assertEqual(A.__bases__, (Generic, dict))
         self.assertEqual(A.__orig_bases__, (TypedDict, Generic[T]))
         self.assertEqual(A.__mro__, (A, Generic, dict, object))
+        self.assertEqual(A.__annotations__, {'a': T})
+        self.assertEqual(A.__annotate__(annotationlib.Format.STRING), {'a': 'T'})
         self.assertEqual(A.__parameters__, (T,))
         self.assertEqual(A[str].__parameters__, ())
         self.assertEqual(A[str].__args__, (str,))
@@ -8450,6 +8627,8 @@ class A2(Generic[T], TypedDict):
         self.assertEqual(A2.__bases__, (Generic, dict))
         self.assertEqual(A2.__orig_bases__, (Generic[T], TypedDict))
         self.assertEqual(A2.__mro__, (A2, Generic, dict, object))
+        self.assertEqual(A2.__annotations__, {'a': T})
+        self.assertEqual(A2.__annotate__(annotationlib.Format.STRING), {'a': 'T'})
         self.assertEqual(A2.__parameters__, (T,))
         self.assertEqual(A2[str].__parameters__, ())
         self.assertEqual(A2[str].__args__, (str,))
@@ -8460,6 +8639,8 @@ class B(A[KT], total=False):
         self.assertEqual(B.__bases__, (Generic, dict))
         self.assertEqual(B.__orig_bases__, (A[KT],))
         self.assertEqual(B.__mro__, (B, Generic, dict, object))
+        self.assertEqual(B.__annotations__, {'a': T, 'b': KT})
+        self.assertEqual(B.__annotate__(annotationlib.Format.STRING), {'a': 'T', 'b': 'KT'})
         self.assertEqual(B.__parameters__, (KT,))
         self.assertEqual(B.__total__, False)
         self.assertEqual(B.__optional_keys__, frozenset(['b']))
@@ -8484,6 +8665,11 @@ class C(B[int]):
             'b': KT,
             'c': int,
         })
+        self.assertEqual(C.__annotate__(annotationlib.Format.STRING), {
+            'a': 'T',
+            'b': 'KT',
+            'c': 'int',
+        })
         with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
             C[str]
 
@@ -8503,6 +8689,11 @@ class Point3D(Point2DGeneric[T], Generic[T, KT]):
             'b': T,
             'c': KT,
         })
+        self.assertEqual(Point3D.__annotate__(annotationlib.Format.STRING), {
+            'a': 'T',
+            'b': 'T',
+            'c': 'KT',
+        })
         self.assertEqual(Point3D[int, str].__origin__, Point3D)
 
         with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
@@ -8534,6 +8725,11 @@ class WithImplicitAny(B):
             'b': KT,
             'c': int,
         })
+        self.assertEqual(WithImplicitAny.__annotate__(annotationlib.Format.STRING), {
+            'a': 'T',
+            'b': 'KT',
+            'c': 'int',
+        })
         with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
             WithImplicitAny[str]
 
@@ -8690,6 +8886,54 @@ class AllTheThings(TypedDict):
             },
         )
 
+    def test_annotations(self):
+        # _type_check is applied
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "Plain typing.Final is not valid as type argument"):
+            class X(TypedDict):
+                a: Final
+
+        # _type_convert is applied
+        class Y(TypedDict):
+            a: None
+            b: "int"
+        fwdref = ForwardRef('int', module=__name__)
+        self.assertEqual(Y.__annotations__, {'a': type(None), 'b': fwdref})
+        self.assertEqual(Y.__annotate__(annotationlib.Format.FORWARDREF), {'a': type(None), 'b': fwdref})
+
+        # _type_check is also applied later
+        class Z(TypedDict):
+            a: undefined
+
+        with self.assertRaises(NameError):
+            Z.__annotations__
+
+        undefined = Final
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "Plain typing.Final is not valid as type argument"):
+            Z.__annotations__
+
+        undefined = None
+        self.assertEqual(Z.__annotations__, {'a': type(None)})
+
+    def test_deferred_evaluation(self):
+        class A(TypedDict):
+            x: NotRequired[undefined]
+            y: ReadOnly[undefined]
+            z: Required[undefined]
+
+        self.assertEqual(A.__required_keys__, frozenset({'y', 'z'}))
+        self.assertEqual(A.__optional_keys__, frozenset({'x'}))
+        self.assertEqual(A.__readonly_keys__, frozenset({'y'}))
+        self.assertEqual(A.__mutable_keys__, frozenset({'x', 'z'}))
+
+        with self.assertRaises(NameError):
+            A.__annotations__
+
+        self.assertEqual(
+            A.__annotate__(annotationlib.Format.STRING),
+            {'x': 'NotRequired[undefined]', 'y': 'ReadOnly[undefined]',
+             'z': 'Required[undefined]'},
+        )
+
 
 class RequiredTests(BaseTestCase):
 
@@ -10017,7 +10261,6 @@ def test_special_attrs(self):
             typing.ClassVar: 'ClassVar',
             typing.Concatenate: 'Concatenate',
             typing.Final: 'Final',
-            typing.ForwardRef: 'ForwardRef',
             typing.Literal: 'Literal',
             typing.NewType: 'NewType',
             typing.NoReturn: 'NoReturn',
@@ -10029,7 +10272,7 @@ def test_special_attrs(self):
             typing.TypeVar: 'TypeVar',
             typing.Union: 'Union',
             typing.Self: 'Self',
-            # Subscribed special forms
+            # Subscripted special forms
             typing.Annotated[Any, "Annotation"]: 'Annotated',
             typing.Annotated[int, 'Annotation']: 'Annotated',
             typing.ClassVar[Any]: 'ClassVar',
@@ -10044,7 +10287,6 @@ def test_special_attrs(self):
             typing.Union[Any]: 'Any',
             typing.Union[int, float]: 'Union',
             # Incompatible special forms (tested in test_special_attrs2)
-            # - typing.ForwardRef('set[Any]')
             # - typing.NewType('TypeName', Any)
             # - typing.ParamSpec('SpecialAttrsP')
             # - typing.TypeVar('T')
@@ -10063,18 +10305,6 @@ def test_special_attrs(self):
     TypeName = typing.NewType('SpecialAttrsTests.TypeName', Any)
 
     def test_special_attrs2(self):
-        # Forward refs provide a different introspection API. __name__ and
-        # __qualname__ make little sense for forward refs as they can store
-        # complex typing expressions.
-        fr = typing.ForwardRef('set[Any]')
-        self.assertFalse(hasattr(fr, '__name__'))
-        self.assertFalse(hasattr(fr, '__qualname__'))
-        self.assertEqual(fr.__module__, 'typing')
-        # Forward refs are currently unpicklable.
-        for proto in range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
-            with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
-                pickle.dumps(fr, proto)
-
         self.assertEqual(SpecialAttrsTests.TypeName.__name__, 'TypeName')
         self.assertEqual(
             SpecialAttrsTests.TypeName.__qualname__,
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_unicode_identifiers.py b/Lib/test/test_unicode_identifiers.py
index 63c6c055824b20..3680072d643792 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_unicode_identifiers.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_unicode_identifiers.py
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ def test_non_bmp_normalized(self):
 
     def test_invalid(self):
         try:
-            from test.tokenizedata import badsyntax_3131
+            from test.tokenizedata import badsyntax_3131  # noqa: F401
         except SyntaxError as err:
             self.assertEqual(str(err),
               "invalid character '€' (U+20AC) (badsyntax_3131.py, line 2)")
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_unicodedata.py b/Lib/test/test_unicodedata.py
index d3bf4ea7c7d437..c7d09a6b460c19 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_unicodedata.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_unicodedata.py
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 class UnicodeMethodsTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
     # update this, if the database changes
-    expectedchecksum = '63aa77dcb36b0e1df082ee2a6071caeda7f0955e'
+    expectedchecksum = '9e43ee3929471739680c0e705482b4ae1c4122e4'
 
     @requires_resource('cpu')
     def test_method_checksum(self):
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ class UnicodeFunctionsTest(UnicodeDatabaseTest):
 
     # Update this if the database changes. Make sure to do a full rebuild
     # (e.g. 'make distclean && make') to get the correct checksum.
-    expectedchecksum = '232affd2a50ec4bd69d2482aa0291385cbdefaba'
+    expectedchecksum = '23ab09ed4abdf93db23b97359108ed630dd8311d'
 
     @requires_resource('cpu')
     def test_function_checksum(self):
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ def test_no_names_in_pua(self):
 
     def test_lookup_nonexistant(self):
         # just make sure that lookup can fail
-        for nonexistant in [
+        for nonexistent in [
             "LATIN SMLL LETR A",
             "OPEN HANDS SIGHS",
             "DREGS",
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ def test_lookup_nonexistant(self):
             "MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SMALL QUESTION MARK",
             "???",
         ]:
-            self.assertRaises(KeyError, self.db.lookup, nonexistant)
+            self.assertRaises(KeyError, self.db.lookup, nonexistent)
 
     def test_digit(self):
         self.assertEqual(self.db.digit('A', None), None)
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/zipdata02/__init__.py b/Lib/test/test_unittest/namespace_test_pkg/bar/__init__.py
similarity index 100%
rename from Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/zipdata02/__init__.py
rename to Lib/test/test_unittest/namespace_test_pkg/bar/__init__.py
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_unittest/namespace_test_pkg/bar/test_bar.py b/Lib/test/test_unittest/namespace_test_pkg/bar/test_bar.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..05b184d9eba685
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/test_unittest/namespace_test_pkg/bar/test_bar.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+import unittest
+
+class PassingTest(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_true(self):
+        self.assertTrue(True)
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/zipdata01/__init__.py b/Lib/test/test_unittest/namespace_test_pkg/noop/no2/__init__.py
similarity index 100%
rename from Lib/test/test_importlib/resources/zipdata01/__init__.py
rename to Lib/test/test_unittest/namespace_test_pkg/noop/no2/__init__.py
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_unittest/namespace_test_pkg/noop/no2/test_no2.py b/Lib/test/test_unittest/namespace_test_pkg/noop/no2/test_no2.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..05b184d9eba685
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/test_unittest/namespace_test_pkg/noop/no2/test_no2.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+import unittest
+
+class PassingTest(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_true(self):
+        self.assertTrue(True)
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_unittest/namespace_test_pkg/noop/test_noop.py b/Lib/test/test_unittest/namespace_test_pkg/noop/test_noop.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..05b184d9eba685
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/test_unittest/namespace_test_pkg/noop/test_noop.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+import unittest
+
+class PassingTest(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_true(self):
+        self.assertTrue(True)
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_unittest/namespace_test_pkg/test_foo.py b/Lib/test/test_unittest/namespace_test_pkg/test_foo.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..05b184d9eba685
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/test_unittest/namespace_test_pkg/test_foo.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+import unittest
+
+class PassingTest(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_true(self):
+        self.assertTrue(True)
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_unittest/test_async_case.py b/Lib/test/test_unittest/test_async_case.py
index ba1ab838cd4a22..00ef55bdf9bc83 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_unittest/test_async_case.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_unittest/test_async_case.py
@@ -312,18 +312,21 @@ async def test3(self):
         self.assertIn('It is deprecated to return a value that is not None', str(w.warning))
         self.assertIn('test1', str(w.warning))
         self.assertEqual(w.filename, __file__)
+        self.assertIn("returned 'int'", str(w.warning))
 
         with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning) as w:
             Test('test2').run()
         self.assertIn('It is deprecated to return a value that is not None', str(w.warning))
         self.assertIn('test2', str(w.warning))
         self.assertEqual(w.filename, __file__)
+        self.assertIn("returned 'async_generator'", str(w.warning))
 
         with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning) as w:
             Test('test3').run()
         self.assertIn('It is deprecated to return a value that is not None', str(w.warning))
         self.assertIn('test3', str(w.warning))
         self.assertEqual(w.filename, __file__)
+        self.assertIn(f'returned {Nothing.__name__!r}', str(w.warning))
 
     def test_cleanups_interleave_order(self):
         events = []
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_unittest/test_case.py b/Lib/test/test_unittest/test_case.py
index ed5eb5609a5dd1..b4b2194a09cf9f 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_unittest/test_case.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_unittest/test_case.py
@@ -325,18 +325,37 @@ def test3(self):
         self.assertIn('It is deprecated to return a value that is not None', str(w.warning))
         self.assertIn('test1', str(w.warning))
         self.assertEqual(w.filename, __file__)
+        self.assertIn("returned 'int'", str(w.warning))
 
         with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning) as w:
             Foo('test2').run()
         self.assertIn('It is deprecated to return a value that is not None', str(w.warning))
         self.assertIn('test2', str(w.warning))
         self.assertEqual(w.filename, __file__)
+        self.assertIn("returned 'generator'", str(w.warning))
 
         with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning) as w:
             Foo('test3').run()
         self.assertIn('It is deprecated to return a value that is not None', str(w.warning))
         self.assertIn('test3', str(w.warning))
         self.assertEqual(w.filename, __file__)
+        self.assertIn(f'returned {Nothing.__name__!r}', str(w.warning))
+
+    def test_deprecation_of_return_val_from_test_async_method(self):
+        class Foo(unittest.TestCase):
+            async def test1(self):
+                return 1
+
+        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning) as w:
+            Foo('test1').run()
+        self.assertIn('It is deprecated to return a value that is not None', str(w.warning))
+        self.assertIn('test1', str(w.warning))
+        self.assertEqual(w.filename, __file__)
+        self.assertIn("returned 'coroutine'", str(w.warning))
+        self.assertIn(
+            'Maybe you forgot to use IsolatedAsyncioTestCase as the base class?',
+            str(w.warning),
+        )
 
     def _check_call_order__subtests(self, result, events, expected_events):
         class Foo(Test.LoggingTestCase):
@@ -1132,6 +1151,8 @@ def testAssertMultiLineEqual(self):
             # need to remove the first line of the error message
             error = str(e).split('\n', 1)[1]
             self.assertEqual(sample_text_error, error)
+        else:
+            self.fail(f'{self.failureException} not raised')
 
     def testAssertEqualSingleLine(self):
         sample_text = "laden swallows fly slowly"
@@ -1148,6 +1169,8 @@ def testAssertEqualSingleLine(self):
             # need to remove the first line of the error message
             error = str(e).split('\n', 1)[1]
             self.assertEqual(sample_text_error, error)
+        else:
+            self.fail(f'{self.failureException} not raised')
 
     def testAssertEqualwithEmptyString(self):
         '''Verify when there is an empty string involved, the diff output
@@ -1165,6 +1188,8 @@ def testAssertEqualwithEmptyString(self):
             # need to remove the first line of the error message
             error = str(e).split('\n', 1)[1]
             self.assertEqual(sample_text_error, error)
+        else:
+            self.fail(f'{self.failureException} not raised')
 
     def testAssertEqualMultipleLinesMissingNewlineTerminator(self):
         '''Verifying format of diff output from assertEqual involving strings
@@ -1185,6 +1210,8 @@ def testAssertEqualMultipleLinesMissingNewlineTerminator(self):
             # need to remove the first line of the error message
             error = str(e).split('\n', 1)[1]
             self.assertEqual(sample_text_error, error)
+        else:
+            self.fail(f'{self.failureException} not raised')
 
     def testAssertEqualMultipleLinesMismatchedNewlinesTerminators(self):
         '''Verifying format of diff output from assertEqual involving strings
@@ -1208,6 +1235,8 @@ def testAssertEqualMultipleLinesMismatchedNewlinesTerminators(self):
             # need to remove the first line of the error message
             error = str(e).split('\n', 1)[1]
             self.assertEqual(sample_text_error, error)
+        else:
+            self.fail(f'{self.failureException} not raised')
 
     def testEqualityBytesWarning(self):
         if sys.flags.bytes_warning:
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_unittest/test_discovery.py b/Lib/test/test_unittest/test_discovery.py
index a44b18406c08be..38c9779daaf87d 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_unittest/test_discovery.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_unittest/test_discovery.py
@@ -4,12 +4,14 @@
 import sys
 import types
 import pickle
+from importlib._bootstrap_external import NamespaceLoader
 from test import support
 from test.support import import_helper
 
 import unittest
 import unittest.mock
 import test.test_unittest
+from test.test_importlib import util as test_util
 
 
 class TestableTestProgram(unittest.TestProgram):
@@ -395,7 +397,7 @@ def restore_isdir():
         self.addCleanup(restore_isdir)
 
         _find_tests_args = []
-        def _find_tests(start_dir, pattern):
+        def _find_tests(start_dir, pattern, namespace=None):
             _find_tests_args.append((start_dir, pattern))
             return ['tests']
         loader._find_tests = _find_tests
@@ -815,7 +817,7 @@ def test_discovery_from_dotted_path(self):
         expectedPath = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(test.test_unittest.__file__))
 
         self.wasRun = False
-        def _find_tests(start_dir, pattern):
+        def _find_tests(start_dir, pattern, namespace=None):
             self.wasRun = True
             self.assertEqual(start_dir, expectedPath)
             return tests
@@ -848,6 +850,54 @@ def restore():
                          'Can not use builtin modules '
                          'as dotted module names')
 
+    def test_discovery_from_dotted_namespace_packages(self):
+        loader = unittest.TestLoader()
+
+        package = types.ModuleType('package')
+        package.__name__ = "tests"
+        package.__path__ = ['/a', '/b']
+        package.__file__ = None
+        package.__spec__ = types.SimpleNamespace(
+            name=package.__name__,
+            loader=NamespaceLoader(package.__name__, package.__path__, None),
+            submodule_search_locations=['/a', '/b']
+        )
+
+        def _import(packagename, *args, **kwargs):
+            sys.modules[packagename] = package
+            return package
+
+        _find_tests_args = []
+        def _find_tests(start_dir, pattern, namespace=None):
+            _find_tests_args.append((start_dir, pattern))
+            return ['%s/tests' % start_dir]
+
+        loader._find_tests = _find_tests
+        loader.suiteClass = list
+
+        with unittest.mock.patch('builtins.__import__', _import):
+            # Since loader.discover() can modify sys.path, restore it when done.
+            with import_helper.DirsOnSysPath():
+                # Make sure to remove 'package' from sys.modules when done.
+                with test_util.uncache('package'):
+                    suite = loader.discover('package')
+
+        self.assertEqual(suite, ['/a/tests', '/b/tests'])
+
+    def test_discovery_start_dir_is_namespace(self):
+        """Subdirectory discovery not affected if start_dir is a namespace pkg."""
+        loader = unittest.TestLoader()
+        with (
+            import_helper.DirsOnSysPath(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__))),
+            test_util.uncache('namespace_test_pkg')
+        ):
+            suite = loader.discover('namespace_test_pkg')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            {list(suite)[0]._tests[0].__module__ for suite in suite._tests if list(suite)},
+            # files under namespace_test_pkg.noop not discovered.
+            {'namespace_test_pkg.test_foo', 'namespace_test_pkg.bar.test_bar'},
+        )
+
     def test_discovery_failed_discovery(self):
         from test.test_importlib import util
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_unittest/test_result.py b/Lib/test/test_unittest/test_result.py
index 15e3f62ef66a4b..4e5ec54e9c892a 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_unittest/test_result.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_unittest/test_result.py
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ def test_1(self):
         test = Foo('test_1')
         try:
             test.fail("foo")
-        except:
+        except AssertionError:
             exc_info_tuple = sys.exc_info()
 
         result = unittest.TestResult()
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ def test_1(self):
         def get_exc_info():
             try:
                 test.fail("foo")
-            except:
+            except AssertionError:
                 return sys.exc_info()
 
         exc_info_tuple = get_exc_info()
@@ -241,9 +241,9 @@ def get_exc_info():
             try:
                 try:
                     test.fail("foo")
-                except:
+                except AssertionError:
                     raise ValueError(42)
-            except:
+            except ValueError:
                 return sys.exc_info()
 
         exc_info_tuple = get_exc_info()
@@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ def get_exc_info():
                 loop.__cause__ = loop
                 loop.__context__ = loop
                 raise loop
-            except:
+            except Exception:
                 return sys.exc_info()
 
         exc_info_tuple = get_exc_info()
@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ def get_exc_info():
                     ex1.__cause__ = ex2
                     ex2.__context__ = ex1
                 raise C
-            except:
+            except Exception:
                 return sys.exc_info()
 
         exc_info_tuple = get_exc_info()
@@ -345,7 +345,7 @@ def test_1(self):
         test = Foo('test_1')
         try:
             raise TypeError()
-        except:
+        except TypeError:
             exc_info_tuple = sys.exc_info()
 
         result = unittest.TestResult()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_unittest/test_util.py b/Lib/test/test_unittest/test_util.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..d590a333930278
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/test_unittest/test_util.py
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+import unittest
+from unittest.util import safe_repr, sorted_list_difference, unorderable_list_difference
+
+
+class TestUtil(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_safe_repr(self):
+        class RaisingRepr:
+            def __repr__(self):
+                raise ValueError("Invalid repr()")
+
+        class LongRepr:
+            def __repr__(self):
+                return 'x' * 100
+
+        safe_repr(RaisingRepr())
+        self.assertEqual(safe_repr('foo'), "'foo'")
+        self.assertEqual(safe_repr(LongRepr(), short=True), 'x'*80 + ' [truncated]...')
+
+    def test_sorted_list_difference(self):
+        self.assertEqual(sorted_list_difference([], []), ([], []))
+        self.assertEqual(sorted_list_difference([1, 2], [2, 3]), ([1], [3]))
+        self.assertEqual(sorted_list_difference([1, 2], [1, 3]), ([2], [3]))
+        self.assertEqual(sorted_list_difference([1, 1, 1], [1, 2, 3]), ([], [2, 3]))
+        self.assertEqual(sorted_list_difference([4], [1, 2, 3, 4]), ([], [1, 2, 3]))
+        self.assertEqual(sorted_list_difference([1, 1], [2]), ([1], [2]))
+        self.assertEqual(sorted_list_difference([2], [1, 1]), ([2], [1]))
+        self.assertEqual(sorted_list_difference([1, 2], [1, 1]), ([2], []))
+
+    def test_unorderable_list_difference(self):
+        self.assertEqual(unorderable_list_difference([], []), ([], []))
+        self.assertEqual(unorderable_list_difference([1, 2], []), ([2, 1], []))
+        self.assertEqual(unorderable_list_difference([], [1, 2]), ([], [1, 2]))
+        self.assertEqual(unorderable_list_difference([1, 2], [1, 3]), ([2], [3]))
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_unittest/testmock/support.py b/Lib/test/test_unittest/testmock/support.py
index 49986d65dc47af..6c535b7944f261 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_unittest/testmock/support.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_unittest/testmock/support.py
@@ -14,3 +14,14 @@ def wibble(self): pass
 
 class X(object):
     pass
+
+# A standin for weurkzeug.local.LocalProxy - issue 119600
+def _inaccessible(*args, **kwargs):
+    raise AttributeError
+
+
+class OpaqueProxy:
+    __getattribute__ = _inaccessible
+
+
+g = OpaqueProxy()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_unittest/testmock/testasync.py b/Lib/test/test_unittest/testmock/testasync.py
index f57b83f457f279..73f04291373f91 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_unittest/testmock/testasync.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_unittest/testmock/testasync.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 
 support.requires_working_socket(module=True)
 
-from asyncio import run, iscoroutinefunction
+from asyncio import run
 from unittest import IsolatedAsyncioTestCase
 from unittest.mock import (ANY, call, AsyncMock, patch, MagicMock, Mock,
                            create_autospec, sentinel, _CallList, seal)
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ class AsyncPatchDecoratorTest(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_is_coroutine_function_patch(self):
         @patch.object(AsyncClass, 'async_method')
         def test_async(mock_method):
-            self.assertTrue(iscoroutinefunction(mock_method))
+            self.assertTrue(inspect.iscoroutinefunction(mock_method))
         test_async()
 
     def test_is_async_patch(self):
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ class AsyncPatchCMTest(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_is_async_function_cm(self):
         def test_async():
             with patch.object(AsyncClass, 'async_method') as mock_method:
-                self.assertTrue(iscoroutinefunction(mock_method))
+                self.assertTrue(inspect.iscoroutinefunction(mock_method))
 
         test_async()
 
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ def test_patch_dict_async_def(self):
         async def test_async():
             self.assertEqual(foo['a'], 'b')
 
-        self.assertTrue(iscoroutinefunction(test_async))
+        self.assertTrue(inspect.iscoroutinefunction(test_async))
         run(test_async())
 
     def test_patch_dict_async_def_context(self):
@@ -170,12 +170,11 @@ async def test_async():
 class AsyncMockTest(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_iscoroutinefunction_default(self):
         mock = AsyncMock()
-        self.assertTrue(iscoroutinefunction(mock))
+        self.assertTrue(inspect.iscoroutinefunction(mock))
 
     def test_iscoroutinefunction_function(self):
         async def foo(): pass
         mock = AsyncMock(foo)
-        self.assertTrue(iscoroutinefunction(mock))
         self.assertTrue(inspect.iscoroutinefunction(mock))
 
     def test_isawaitable(self):
@@ -188,7 +187,6 @@ def test_isawaitable(self):
     def test_iscoroutinefunction_normal_function(self):
         def foo(): pass
         mock = AsyncMock(foo)
-        self.assertTrue(iscoroutinefunction(mock))
         self.assertTrue(inspect.iscoroutinefunction(mock))
 
     def test_future_isfuture(self):
@@ -231,7 +229,6 @@ async def main():
 
         run(main())
 
-        self.assertTrue(iscoroutinefunction(spec))
         self.assertTrue(inspect.iscoroutinefunction(spec))
         self.assertTrue(asyncio.iscoroutine(awaitable))
         self.assertTrue(inspect.iscoroutine(awaitable))
@@ -273,7 +270,6 @@ async def test_async():
                 awaitable = mock_method(1, 2, c=3)
                 self.assertIsInstance(mock_method.mock, AsyncMock)
 
-                self.assertTrue(iscoroutinefunction(mock_method))
                 self.assertTrue(inspect.iscoroutinefunction(mock_method))
                 self.assertTrue(asyncio.iscoroutine(awaitable))
                 self.assertTrue(inspect.iscoroutine(awaitable))
@@ -430,13 +426,13 @@ def test_async(async_method):
 
     def test_is_async_AsyncMock(self):
         mock = AsyncMock(spec_set=AsyncClass.async_method)
-        self.assertTrue(iscoroutinefunction(mock))
+        self.assertTrue(inspect.iscoroutinefunction(mock))
         self.assertIsInstance(mock, AsyncMock)
 
     def test_is_child_AsyncMock(self):
         mock = MagicMock(spec_set=AsyncClass)
-        self.assertTrue(iscoroutinefunction(mock.async_method))
-        self.assertFalse(iscoroutinefunction(mock.normal_method))
+        self.assertTrue(inspect.iscoroutinefunction(mock.async_method))
+        self.assertFalse(inspect.iscoroutinefunction(mock.normal_method))
         self.assertIsInstance(mock.async_method, AsyncMock)
         self.assertIsInstance(mock.normal_method, MagicMock)
         self.assertIsInstance(mock, MagicMock)
@@ -606,8 +602,8 @@ def test_magic_methods_are_async_functions(self):
         self.assertIsInstance(m_mock.__aenter__, AsyncMock)
         self.assertIsInstance(m_mock.__aexit__, AsyncMock)
         # AsyncMocks are also coroutine functions
-        self.assertTrue(iscoroutinefunction(m_mock.__aenter__))
-        self.assertTrue(iscoroutinefunction(m_mock.__aexit__))
+        self.assertTrue(inspect.iscoroutinefunction(m_mock.__aenter__))
+        self.assertTrue(inspect.iscoroutinefunction(m_mock.__aexit__))
 
 class AsyncContextManagerTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
@@ -746,11 +742,11 @@ def inner_test(mock_type):
             mock_instance = mock_type(instance)
             # Check that the mock and the real thing bahave the same
             # __aiter__ is not actually async, so not a coroutinefunction
-            self.assertFalse(iscoroutinefunction(instance.__aiter__))
-            self.assertFalse(iscoroutinefunction(mock_instance.__aiter__))
+            self.assertFalse(inspect.iscoroutinefunction(instance.__aiter__))
+            self.assertFalse(inspect.iscoroutinefunction(mock_instance.__aiter__))
             # __anext__ is async
-            self.assertTrue(iscoroutinefunction(instance.__anext__))
-            self.assertTrue(iscoroutinefunction(mock_instance.__anext__))
+            self.assertTrue(inspect.iscoroutinefunction(instance.__anext__))
+            self.assertTrue(inspect.iscoroutinefunction(mock_instance.__anext__))
 
         for mock_type in [AsyncMock, MagicMock]:
             with self.subTest(f"test aiter and anext corourtine with {mock_type}"):
@@ -806,7 +802,7 @@ def test_assert_called_but_not_awaited(self):
         mock = AsyncMock(AsyncClass)
         with assertNeverAwaited(self):
             mock.async_method()
-        self.assertTrue(iscoroutinefunction(mock.async_method))
+        self.assertTrue(inspect.iscoroutinefunction(mock.async_method))
         mock.async_method.assert_called()
         mock.async_method.assert_called_once()
         mock.async_method.assert_called_once_with()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_unittest/testmock/testhelpers.py b/Lib/test/test_unittest/testmock/testhelpers.py
index 74785a83757a92..f260769eb8c35e 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_unittest/testmock/testhelpers.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_unittest/testmock/testhelpers.py
@@ -8,8 +8,10 @@
     Mock, ANY, _CallList, patch, PropertyMock, _callable
 )
 
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field, InitVar
 from datetime import datetime
 from functools import partial
+from typing import ClassVar
 
 class SomeClass(object):
     def one(self, a, b): pass
@@ -1034,6 +1036,76 @@ def f(a): pass
         self.assertEqual(mock.mock_calls, [])
         self.assertEqual(rv.mock_calls, [])
 
+    def test_dataclass_post_init(self):
+        @dataclass
+        class WithPostInit:
+            a: int = field(init=False)
+            b: int = field(init=False)
+            def __post_init__(self):
+                self.a = 1
+                self.b = 2
+
+        for mock in [
+            create_autospec(WithPostInit, instance=True),
+            create_autospec(WithPostInit()),
+        ]:
+            with self.subTest(mock=mock):
+                self.assertIsInstance(mock.a, int)
+                self.assertIsInstance(mock.b, int)
+
+        # Classes do not have these fields:
+        mock = create_autospec(WithPostInit)
+        msg = "Mock object has no attribute"
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(AttributeError, msg):
+            mock.a
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(AttributeError, msg):
+            mock.b
+
+    def test_dataclass_default(self):
+        @dataclass
+        class WithDefault:
+            a: int
+            b: int = 0
+
+        for mock in [
+            create_autospec(WithDefault, instance=True),
+            create_autospec(WithDefault(1)),
+        ]:
+            with self.subTest(mock=mock):
+                self.assertIsInstance(mock.a, int)
+                self.assertIsInstance(mock.b, int)
+
+    def test_dataclass_with_method(self):
+        @dataclass
+        class WithMethod:
+            a: int
+            def b(self) -> int:
+                return 1
+
+        for mock in [
+            create_autospec(WithMethod, instance=True),
+            create_autospec(WithMethod(1)),
+        ]:
+            with self.subTest(mock=mock):
+                self.assertIsInstance(mock.a, int)
+                mock.b.assert_not_called()
+
+    def test_dataclass_with_non_fields(self):
+        @dataclass
+        class WithNonFields:
+            a: ClassVar[int]
+            b: InitVar[int]
+
+        msg = "Mock object has no attribute"
+        for mock in [
+            create_autospec(WithNonFields, instance=True),
+            create_autospec(WithNonFields(1)),
+        ]:
+            with self.subTest(mock=mock):
+                with self.assertRaisesRegex(AttributeError, msg):
+                    mock.a
+                with self.assertRaisesRegex(AttributeError, msg):
+                    mock.b
 
 class TestCallList(unittest.TestCase):
 
@@ -1127,6 +1199,14 @@ def test_propertymock_side_effect(self):
         p.assert_called_once_with()
 
 
+    def test_propertymock_attach(self):
+        m = Mock()
+        p = PropertyMock()
+        type(m).foo = p
+        m.attach_mock(p, 'foo')
+        self.assertEqual(m.mock_calls, [])
+
+
 class TestCallablePredicate(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_type(self):
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_unittest/testmock/testmagicmethods.py b/Lib/test/test_unittest/testmock/testmagicmethods.py
index a4feae7e9d3b73..2a8aa11b3284f6 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_unittest/testmock/testmagicmethods.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_unittest/testmock/testmagicmethods.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import math
 import unittest
 import os
-from asyncio import iscoroutinefunction
+from inspect import iscoroutinefunction
 from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, Mock, MagicMock, _magics
 
 
@@ -331,6 +331,45 @@ def test_magic_methods_fspath(self):
         self.assertEqual(os.fspath(mock), expected_path)
         mock.__fspath__.assert_called_once()
 
+    def test_magic_mock_does_not_reset_magic_returns(self):
+        # https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/123934
+        for reset in (True, False):
+            with self.subTest(reset=reset):
+                mm = MagicMock()
+                self.assertIs(type(mm.__str__()), str)
+                mm.__str__.assert_called_once()
+
+                self.assertIs(type(mm.__hash__()), int)
+                mm.__hash__.assert_called_once()
+
+                for _ in range(3):
+                    # Repeat reset several times to be sure:
+                    mm.reset_mock(return_value=reset)
+
+                    self.assertIs(type(mm.__str__()), str)
+                    mm.__str__.assert_called_once()
+
+                    self.assertIs(type(mm.__hash__()), int)
+                    mm.__hash__.assert_called_once()
+
+    def test_magic_mock_resets_manual_mocks(self):
+        mm = MagicMock()
+        mm.__iter__ = MagicMock(return_value=iter([1]))
+        mm.custom = MagicMock(return_value=2)
+        self.assertEqual(list(iter(mm)), [1])
+        self.assertEqual(mm.custom(), 2)
+
+        mm.reset_mock(return_value=True)
+        self.assertEqual(list(iter(mm)), [])
+        self.assertIsInstance(mm.custom(), MagicMock)
+
+    def test_magic_mock_resets_manual_mocks_empty_iter(self):
+        mm = MagicMock()
+        mm.__iter__.return_value = []
+        self.assertEqual(list(iter(mm)), [])
+
+        mm.reset_mock(return_value=True)
+        self.assertEqual(list(iter(mm)), [])
 
     def test_magic_methods_and_spec(self):
         class Iterable(object):
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_unittest/testmock/testmock.py b/Lib/test/test_unittest/testmock/testmock.py
index 77f6f1eb4b76b9..e1b108f81e513c 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_unittest/testmock/testmock.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_unittest/testmock/testmock.py
@@ -129,6 +129,11 @@ def test_create_autospec_should_be_configurable_by_kwargs(self):
         # pass kwargs with respect to the parent mock.
         self.assertEqual(class_mock().return_value.meth.side_effect, None)
 
+    def test_create_autospec_correctly_handles_name(self):
+        class X: ...
+        mock = create_autospec(X, spec_set=True, name="Y")
+        self.assertEqual(mock._mock_name, "Y")
+
     def test_repr(self):
         mock = Mock(name='foo')
         self.assertIn('foo', repr(mock))
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_unittest/testmock/testpatch.py b/Lib/test/test_unittest/testmock/testpatch.py
index be75fda7826af1..f26e74ce0bc1ba 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_unittest/testmock/testpatch.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_unittest/testmock/testpatch.py
@@ -2045,6 +2045,13 @@ def test(): pass
         with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
             test()
 
+    def test_patch_proxy_object(self):
+        @patch("test.test_unittest.testmock.support.g", new_callable=MagicMock())
+        def test(_):
+            pass
+
+        test()
+
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_unpack.py b/Lib/test/test_unpack.py
index 515ec128a08a9c..adb30c0febbb6f 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_unpack.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_unpack.py
@@ -18,6 +18,13 @@
     >>> a == 4 and b == 5 and c == 6
     True
 
+Unpack dict
+
+    >>> d = {4: 'four', 5: 'five', 6: 'six'}
+    >>> a, b, c = d
+    >>> a == 4 and b == 5 and c == 6
+    True
+
 Unpack implied tuple
 
     >>> a, b, c = 7, 8, 9
@@ -66,14 +73,14 @@
     >>> a, b = t
     Traceback (most recent call last):
       ...
-    ValueError: too many values to unpack (expected 2)
+    ValueError: too many values to unpack (expected 2, got 3)
 
 Unpacking tuple of wrong size
 
     >>> a, b = l
     Traceback (most recent call last):
       ...
-    ValueError: too many values to unpack (expected 2)
+    ValueError: too many values to unpack (expected 2, got 3)
 
 Unpacking sequence too short
 
@@ -140,8 +147,52 @@
     >>> () = [42]
     Traceback (most recent call last):
       ...
-    ValueError: too many values to unpack (expected 0)
+    ValueError: too many values to unpack (expected 0, got 1)
+
+Unpacking a larger iterable should raise ValuleError, but it
+should not entirely consume the iterable
 
+    >>> it = iter(range(100))
+    >>> x, y, z = it
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+      ...
+    ValueError: too many values to unpack (expected 3)
+    >>> next(it)
+    4
+
+Unpacking unbalanced dict
+
+    >>> d = {4: 'four', 5: 'five', 6: 'six', 7: 'seven'}
+    >>> a, b, c = d
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+      ...
+    ValueError: too many values to unpack (expected 3, got 4)
+
+Ensure that custom `__len__()` is NOT called when showing the error message
+
+    >>> class LengthTooLong:
+    ...     def __len__(self):
+    ...         return 5
+    ...     def __getitem__(self, i):
+    ...         return i*2
+    ...
+    >>> x, y, z = LengthTooLong()
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+      ...
+    ValueError: too many values to unpack (expected 3)
+
+For evil cases like these as well, no actual count to be shown
+
+    >>> class BadLength:
+    ...     def __len__(self):
+    ...         return 1
+    ...     def __getitem__(self, i):
+    ...         return i*2
+    ...
+    >>> x, y, z = BadLength()
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+      ...
+    ValueError: too many values to unpack (expected 3)
 """
 
 __test__ = {'doctests' : doctests}
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_urllib2.py b/Lib/test/test_urllib2.py
index eed0599642edfb..b90ccc2f125b93 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_urllib2.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_urllib2.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 
 import os
 import io
+import ftplib
 import socket
 import array
 import sys
@@ -754,7 +755,6 @@ def connect_ftp(self, user, passwd, host, port, dirs,
                 self.ftpwrapper = MockFTPWrapper(self.data)
                 return self.ftpwrapper
 
-        import ftplib
         data = "rheum rhaponicum"
         h = NullFTPHandler(data)
         h.parent = MockOpener()
@@ -794,6 +794,28 @@ def connect_ftp(self, user, passwd, host, port, dirs,
             self.assertEqual(headers.get("Content-type"), mimetype)
             self.assertEqual(int(headers["Content-length"]), len(data))
 
+    @support.requires_resource("network")
+    def test_ftp_error(self):
+        class ErrorFTPHandler(urllib.request.FTPHandler):
+            def __init__(self, exception):
+                self._exception = exception
+
+            def connect_ftp(self, user, passwd, host, port, dirs,
+                            timeout=socket._GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT):
+                raise self._exception
+
+        exception = ftplib.error_perm(
+            "500 OOPS: cannot change directory:/nonexistent")
+        h = ErrorFTPHandler(exception)
+        urlopen = urllib.request.build_opener(h).open
+        try:
+            urlopen("ftp://www.pythontest.net/")
+        except urllib.error.URLError as raised:
+            self.assertEqual(raised.reason,
+                             f"ftp error: {exception.args[0]}")
+        else:
+            self.fail("Did not raise ftplib exception")
+
     def test_file(self):
         import email.utils
         h = urllib.request.FileHandler()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_urlparse.py b/Lib/test/test_urlparse.py
index d6c83a75c1c03a..d49e4388696ab4 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_urlparse.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_urlparse.py
@@ -207,6 +207,9 @@ def test_roundtrips(self):
             ('scheme://///path/to/file',
              ('scheme', '', '///path/to/file', '', '', ''),
              ('scheme', '', '///path/to/file', '', '')),
+            ('file:tmp/junk.txt',
+             ('file', '', 'tmp/junk.txt', '', '', ''),
+             ('file', '', 'tmp/junk.txt', '', '')),
             ('file:///tmp/junk.txt',
              ('file', '', '/tmp/junk.txt', '', '', ''),
              ('file', '', '/tmp/junk.txt', '', '')),
@@ -216,6 +219,18 @@ def test_roundtrips(self):
             ('file://///tmp/junk.txt',
              ('file', '', '///tmp/junk.txt', '', '', ''),
              ('file', '', '///tmp/junk.txt', '', '')),
+            ('http:tmp/junk.txt',
+             ('http', '', 'tmp/junk.txt', '', '', ''),
+             ('http', '', 'tmp/junk.txt', '', '')),
+            ('http://example.com/tmp/junk.txt',
+             ('http', 'example.com', '/tmp/junk.txt', '', '', ''),
+             ('http', 'example.com', '/tmp/junk.txt', '', '')),
+            ('http:///example.com/tmp/junk.txt',
+             ('http', '', '/example.com/tmp/junk.txt', '', '', ''),
+             ('http', '', '/example.com/tmp/junk.txt', '', '')),
+            ('http:////example.com/tmp/junk.txt',
+             ('http', '', '//example.com/tmp/junk.txt', '', '', ''),
+             ('http', '', '//example.com/tmp/junk.txt', '', '')),
             ('imap://mail.python.org/mbox1',
              ('imap', 'mail.python.org', '/mbox1', '', '', ''),
              ('imap', 'mail.python.org', '/mbox1', '', '')),
@@ -260,7 +275,8 @@ def _encode(t):
              ('', '', 'schème:path/to/file', '', '')),
             ]
         for url, parsed, split in str_cases + bytes_cases:
-            self.checkRoundtrips(url, parsed, split)
+            with self.subTest(url):
+                self.checkRoundtrips(url, parsed, split)
 
     def test_roundtrips_normalization(self):
         str_cases = [
@@ -292,7 +308,8 @@ def _encode(t):
                     tuple(x.encode('ascii') for x in t[3]))
         bytes_cases = [_encode(x) for x in str_cases]
         for url, url2, parsed, split in str_cases + bytes_cases:
-            self.checkRoundtrips(url, parsed, split, url2)
+            with self.subTest(url):
+                self.checkRoundtrips(url, parsed, split, url2)
 
     def test_http_roundtrips(self):
         # urllib.parse.urlsplit treats 'http:' as an optimized special case,
@@ -332,12 +349,19 @@ def _encode(t):
                     split = (scheme,) + split
                     self.checkRoundtrips(url, parsed, split)
 
-    def checkJoin(self, base, relurl, expected):
-        str_components = (base, relurl, expected)
-        self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.urljoin(base, relurl), expected)
-        bytes_components = baseb, relurlb, expectedb = [
-                            x.encode('ascii') for x in str_components]
-        self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.urljoin(baseb, relurlb), expectedb)
+    def checkJoin(self, base, relurl, expected, *, relroundtrip=True):
+        with self.subTest(base=base, relurl=relurl):
+            self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.urljoin(base, relurl), expected)
+            baseb = base.encode('ascii')
+            relurlb = relurl.encode('ascii')
+            expectedb = expected.encode('ascii')
+            self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.urljoin(baseb, relurlb), expectedb)
+
+            if relroundtrip:
+                relurl = urllib.parse.urlunsplit(urllib.parse.urlsplit(relurl))
+                self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.urljoin(base, relurl), expected)
+                relurlb = urllib.parse.urlunsplit(urllib.parse.urlsplit(relurlb))
+                self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.urljoin(baseb, relurlb), expectedb)
 
     def test_unparse_parse(self):
         str_cases = ['Python', './Python','x-newscheme://foo.com/stuff','x://y','x:/y','x:/','/',]
@@ -503,8 +527,6 @@ def test_RFC3986(self):
 
     def test_urljoins(self):
         self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, 'g:h','g:h')
-        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, 'http:g','http://a/b/c/g')
-        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, 'http:','http://a/b/c/d')
         self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, 'g','http://a/b/c/g')
         self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, './g','http://a/b/c/g')
         self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, 'g/','http://a/b/c/g/')
@@ -525,8 +547,6 @@ def test_urljoins(self):
         self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, 'g/./h','http://a/b/c/g/h')
         self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, 'g/../h','http://a/b/c/h')
         self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, 'http:g','http://a/b/c/g')
-        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, 'http:','http://a/b/c/d')
-        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, 'http:?y','http://a/b/c/d?y')
         self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, 'http:g?y','http://a/b/c/g?y')
         self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, 'http:g?y/./x','http://a/b/c/g?y/./x')
         self.checkJoin('http:///', '..','http:///')
@@ -556,6 +576,53 @@ def test_urljoins(self):
         # issue 23703: don't duplicate filename
         self.checkJoin('a', 'b', 'b')
 
+        # Test with empty (but defined) components.
+        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, '', 'http://a/b/c/d;p?q#f')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, '#', 'http://a/b/c/d;p?q#', relroundtrip=False)
+        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, '#z', 'http://a/b/c/d;p?q#z')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, '?', 'http://a/b/c/d;p?', relroundtrip=False)
+        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, '?#z', 'http://a/b/c/d;p?#z', relroundtrip=False)
+        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, '?y', 'http://a/b/c/d;p?y')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, ';', 'http://a/b/c/;')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, ';?y', 'http://a/b/c/;?y')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, ';#z', 'http://a/b/c/;#z')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, ';x', 'http://a/b/c/;x')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, '/w', 'http://a/w')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, '//', 'http://a/b/c/d;p?q#f')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, '//#z', 'http://a/b/c/d;p?q#z')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, '//?y', 'http://a/b/c/d;p?y')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, '//;x', 'http://;x')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, '///w', 'http://a/w')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, '//v', 'http://v')
+        # For backward compatibility with RFC1630, the scheme name is allowed
+        # to be present in a relative reference if it is the same as the base
+        # URI scheme.
+        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, 'http:', 'http://a/b/c/d;p?q#f')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, 'http:#', 'http://a/b/c/d;p?q#', relroundtrip=False)
+        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, 'http:#z', 'http://a/b/c/d;p?q#z')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, 'http:?', 'http://a/b/c/d;p?', relroundtrip=False)
+        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, 'http:?#z', 'http://a/b/c/d;p?#z', relroundtrip=False)
+        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, 'http:?y', 'http://a/b/c/d;p?y')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, 'http:;', 'http://a/b/c/;')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, 'http:;?y', 'http://a/b/c/;?y')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, 'http:;#z', 'http://a/b/c/;#z')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, 'http:;x', 'http://a/b/c/;x')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, 'http:/w', 'http://a/w')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, 'http://', 'http://a/b/c/d;p?q#f')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, 'http://#z', 'http://a/b/c/d;p?q#z')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, 'http://?y', 'http://a/b/c/d;p?y')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, 'http://;x', 'http://;x')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, 'http:///w', 'http://a/w')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, 'http://v', 'http://v')
+        # Different scheme is not ignored.
+        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, 'https:', 'https:', relroundtrip=False)
+        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, 'https:#', 'https:#', relroundtrip=False)
+        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, 'https:#z', 'https:#z', relroundtrip=False)
+        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, 'https:?', 'https:?', relroundtrip=False)
+        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, 'https:?y', 'https:?y', relroundtrip=False)
+        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, 'https:;', 'https:;')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, 'https:;x', 'https:;x')
+
     def test_RFC2732(self):
         str_cases = [
             ('http://Test.python.org:5432/foo/', 'test.python.org', 5432),
@@ -618,16 +685,31 @@ def test_urldefrag(self):
             ('http://python.org/p?q', 'http://python.org/p?q', ''),
             (RFC1808_BASE, 'http://a/b/c/d;p?q', 'f'),
             (RFC2396_BASE, 'http://a/b/c/d;p?q', ''),
+            ('http://a/b/c;p?q#f', 'http://a/b/c;p?q', 'f'),
+            ('http://a/b/c;p?q#', 'http://a/b/c;p?q', ''),
+            ('http://a/b/c;p?q', 'http://a/b/c;p?q', ''),
+            ('http://a/b/c;p?#f', 'http://a/b/c;p?', 'f'),
+            ('http://a/b/c;p#f', 'http://a/b/c;p', 'f'),
+            ('http://a/b/c;?q#f', 'http://a/b/c;?q', 'f'),
+            ('http://a/b/c?q#f', 'http://a/b/c?q', 'f'),
+            ('http:///b/c;p?q#f', 'http:///b/c;p?q', 'f'),
+            ('http:b/c;p?q#f', 'http:b/c;p?q', 'f'),
+            ('http:;?q#f', 'http:;?q', 'f'),
+            ('http:?q#f', 'http:?q', 'f'),
+            ('//a/b/c;p?q#f', '//a/b/c;p?q', 'f'),
+            ('://a/b/c;p?q#f', '://a/b/c;p?q', 'f'),
         ]
         def _encode(t):
             return type(t)(x.encode('ascii') for x in t)
         bytes_cases = [_encode(x) for x in str_cases]
         for url, defrag, frag in str_cases + bytes_cases:
-            result = urllib.parse.urldefrag(url)
-            self.assertEqual(result.geturl(), url)
-            self.assertEqual(result, (defrag, frag))
-            self.assertEqual(result.url, defrag)
-            self.assertEqual(result.fragment, frag)
+            with self.subTest(url):
+                result = urllib.parse.urldefrag(url)
+                hash = '#' if isinstance(url, str) else b'#'
+                self.assertEqual(result.geturl(), url.rstrip(hash))
+                self.assertEqual(result, (defrag, frag))
+                self.assertEqual(result.url, defrag)
+                self.assertEqual(result.fragment, frag)
 
     def test_urlsplit_scoped_IPv6(self):
         p = urllib.parse.urlsplit('http://[FE80::822a:a8ff:fe49:470c%tESt]:1234')
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_utf8source.py b/Lib/test/test_utf8source.py
index c42b6aaaab579d..7336cf00a71183 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_utf8source.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_utf8source.py
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ def test_pep3120(self):
 
     def test_badsyntax(self):
         try:
-            import test.tokenizedata.badsyntax_pep3120
+            import test.tokenizedata.badsyntax_pep3120  # noqa: F401
         except SyntaxError as msg:
             msg = str(msg).lower()
             self.assertTrue('utf-8' in msg)
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_venv.py b/Lib/test/test_venv.py
index 1769ed61b94075..6b2127bd31e40a 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_venv.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_venv.py
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 import sys
 import sysconfig
 import tempfile
+import shlex
 from test.support import (captured_stdout, captured_stderr,
                           skip_if_broken_multiprocessing_synchronize, verbose,
                           requires_subprocess, is_android, is_apple_mobile,
@@ -75,7 +76,7 @@ def setUp(self):
             self.include = 'Include'
         else:
             self.bindir = 'bin'
-            self.lib = ('lib', 'python%d.%d' % sys.version_info[:2])
+            self.lib = ('lib', f'python{sysconfig._get_python_version_abi()}')
             self.include = 'include'
         executable = sys._base_executable
         self.exe = os.path.split(executable)[-1]
@@ -110,6 +111,10 @@ def get_text_file_contents(self, *args, encoding='utf-8'):
             result = f.read()
         return result
 
+    def assertEndsWith(self, string, tail):
+        if not string.endswith(tail):
+            self.fail(f"String {string!r} does not end with {tail!r}")
+
 class BasicTest(BaseTest):
     """Test venv module functionality."""
 
@@ -488,6 +493,82 @@ def test_executable_symlinks(self):
             'import sys; print(sys.executable)'])
         self.assertEqual(out.strip(), envpy.encode())
 
+    # gh-124651: test quoted strings
+    @unittest.skipIf(os.name == 'nt', 'contains invalid characters on Windows')
+    def test_special_chars_bash(self):
+        """
+        Test that the template strings are quoted properly (bash)
+        """
+        rmtree(self.env_dir)
+        bash = shutil.which('bash')
+        if bash is None:
+            self.skipTest('bash required for this test')
+        env_name = '"\';&&$e|\'"'
+        env_dir = os.path.join(os.path.realpath(self.env_dir), env_name)
+        builder = venv.EnvBuilder(clear=True)
+        builder.create(env_dir)
+        activate = os.path.join(env_dir, self.bindir, 'activate')
+        test_script = os.path.join(self.env_dir, 'test_special_chars.sh')
+        with open(test_script, "w") as f:
+            f.write(f'source {shlex.quote(activate)}\n'
+                    'python -c \'import sys; print(sys.executable)\'\n'
+                    'python -c \'import os; print(os.environ["VIRTUAL_ENV"])\'\n'
+                    'deactivate\n')
+        out, err = check_output([bash, test_script])
+        lines = out.splitlines()
+        self.assertTrue(env_name.encode() in lines[0])
+        self.assertEndsWith(lines[1], env_name.encode())
+
+    # gh-124651: test quoted strings
+    @unittest.skipIf(os.name == 'nt', 'contains invalid characters on Windows')
+    def test_special_chars_csh(self):
+        """
+        Test that the template strings are quoted properly (csh)
+        """
+        rmtree(self.env_dir)
+        csh = shutil.which('tcsh') or shutil.which('csh')
+        if csh is None:
+            self.skipTest('csh required for this test')
+        env_name = '"\';&&$e|\'"'
+        env_dir = os.path.join(os.path.realpath(self.env_dir), env_name)
+        builder = venv.EnvBuilder(clear=True)
+        builder.create(env_dir)
+        activate = os.path.join(env_dir, self.bindir, 'activate.csh')
+        test_script = os.path.join(self.env_dir, 'test_special_chars.csh')
+        with open(test_script, "w") as f:
+            f.write(f'source {shlex.quote(activate)}\n'
+                    'python -c \'import sys; print(sys.executable)\'\n'
+                    'python -c \'import os; print(os.environ["VIRTUAL_ENV"])\'\n'
+                    'deactivate\n')
+        out, err = check_output([csh, test_script])
+        lines = out.splitlines()
+        self.assertTrue(env_name.encode() in lines[0])
+        self.assertEndsWith(lines[1], env_name.encode())
+
+    # gh-124651: test quoted strings on Windows
+    @unittest.skipUnless(os.name == 'nt', 'only relevant on Windows')
+    def test_special_chars_windows(self):
+        """
+        Test that the template strings are quoted properly on Windows
+        """
+        rmtree(self.env_dir)
+        env_name = "'&&^$e"
+        env_dir = os.path.join(os.path.realpath(self.env_dir), env_name)
+        builder = venv.EnvBuilder(clear=True)
+        builder.create(env_dir)
+        activate = os.path.join(env_dir, self.bindir, 'activate.bat')
+        test_batch = os.path.join(self.env_dir, 'test_special_chars.bat')
+        with open(test_batch, "w") as f:
+            f.write('@echo off\n'
+                    f'"{activate}" & '
+                    f'{self.exe} -c "import sys; print(sys.executable)" & '
+                    f'{self.exe} -c "import os; print(os.environ[\'VIRTUAL_ENV\'])" & '
+                    'deactivate')
+        out, err = check_output([test_batch])
+        lines = out.splitlines()
+        self.assertTrue(env_name.encode() in lines[0])
+        self.assertEndsWith(lines[1], env_name.encode())
+
     @unittest.skipUnless(os.name == 'nt', 'only relevant on Windows')
     def test_unicode_in_batch_file(self):
         """
@@ -504,6 +585,21 @@ def test_unicode_in_batch_file(self):
         )
         self.assertEqual(out.strip(), '0')
 
+    @unittest.skipUnless(os.name == 'nt' and can_symlink(),
+                         'symlinks on Windows')
+    def test_failed_symlink(self):
+        """
+        Test handling of failed symlinks on Windows.
+        """
+        rmtree(self.env_dir)
+        env_dir = os.path.join(os.path.realpath(self.env_dir), 'venv')
+        with patch('os.symlink') as mock_symlink:
+            mock_symlink.side_effect = OSError()
+            builder = venv.EnvBuilder(clear=True, symlinks=True)
+            _, err = self.run_with_capture(builder.create, env_dir)
+            filepath_regex = r"'[A-Z]:\\\\(?:[^\\\\]+\\\\)*[^\\\\]+'"
+            self.assertRegex(err, rf"Unable to symlink {filepath_regex} to {filepath_regex}")
+
     @requireVenvCreate
     def test_multiprocessing(self):
         """
@@ -593,7 +689,8 @@ def test_zippath_from_non_installed_posix(self):
         libdir = os.path.join(non_installed_dir, platlibdir, self.lib[1])
         os.makedirs(libdir)
         landmark = os.path.join(libdir, "os.py")
-        stdlib_zip = "python%d%d.zip" % sys.version_info[:2]
+        abi_thread = "t" if sysconfig.get_config_var("Py_GIL_DISABLED") else ""
+        stdlib_zip = f"python{sys.version_info.major}{sys.version_info.minor}{abi_thread}"
         zip_landmark = os.path.join(non_installed_dir,
                                     platlibdir,
                                     stdlib_zip)
@@ -885,6 +982,14 @@ def do_test_with_pip(self, system_site_packages):
         err = re.sub("^(WARNING: )?The directory .* or its parent directory "
                      "is not owned or is not writable by the current user.*$", "",
                      err, flags=re.MULTILINE)
+        # Ignore warning about missing optional module:
+        try:
+            import ssl
+        except ImportError:
+            err = re.sub(
+                "^WARNING: Disabling truststore since ssl support is missing$",
+                "",
+                err, flags=re.MULTILINE)
         self.assertEqual(err.rstrip(), "")
         # Being fairly specific regarding the expected behaviour for the
         # initial bundling phase in Python 3.4. If the output changes in
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_warnings/__init__.py b/Lib/test/test_warnings/__init__.py
index 4416ed0f3ed3ef..8b59630717e790 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_warnings/__init__.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_warnings/__init__.py
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 from contextlib import contextmanager
 import linecache
 import os
+import importlib
+import inspect
 from io import StringIO
 import re
 import sys
@@ -155,40 +157,42 @@ def f():
             f()
             self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)
 
-    def test_always(self):
-        with original_warnings.catch_warnings(record=True,
-                module=self.module) as w:
-            self.module.resetwarnings()
-            self.module.filterwarnings("always", category=UserWarning)
-            message = "FilterTests.test_always"
-            def f():
-                self.module.warn(message, UserWarning)
-            f()
-            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)
-            self.assertEqual(w[-1].message.args[0], message)
-            f()
-            self.assertEqual(len(w), 2)
-            self.assertEqual(w[-1].message.args[0], message)
+    def test_always_and_all(self):
+        for mode in {"always", "all"}:
+            with original_warnings.catch_warnings(record=True,
+                    module=self.module) as w:
+                self.module.resetwarnings()
+                self.module.filterwarnings(mode, category=UserWarning)
+                message = "FilterTests.test_always_and_all"
+                def f():
+                    self.module.warn(message, UserWarning)
+                f()
+                self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)
+                self.assertEqual(w[-1].message.args[0], message)
+                f()
+                self.assertEqual(len(w), 2)
+                self.assertEqual(w[-1].message.args[0], message)
 
-    def test_always_after_default(self):
-        with original_warnings.catch_warnings(record=True,
-                module=self.module) as w:
-            self.module.resetwarnings()
-            message = "FilterTests.test_always_after_ignore"
-            def f():
-                self.module.warn(message, UserWarning)
-            f()
-            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)
-            self.assertEqual(w[-1].message.args[0], message)
-            f()
-            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)
-            self.module.filterwarnings("always", category=UserWarning)
-            f()
-            self.assertEqual(len(w), 2)
-            self.assertEqual(w[-1].message.args[0], message)
-            f()
-            self.assertEqual(len(w), 3)
-            self.assertEqual(w[-1].message.args[0], message)
+    def test_always_and_all_after_default(self):
+        for mode in {"always", "all"}:
+            with original_warnings.catch_warnings(record=True,
+                    module=self.module) as w:
+                self.module.resetwarnings()
+                message = "FilterTests.test_always_and_all_after_ignore"
+                def f():
+                    self.module.warn(message, UserWarning)
+                f()
+                self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)
+                self.assertEqual(w[-1].message.args[0], message)
+                f()
+                self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)
+                self.module.filterwarnings(mode, category=UserWarning)
+                f()
+                self.assertEqual(len(w), 2)
+                self.assertEqual(w[-1].message.args[0], message)
+                f()
+                self.assertEqual(len(w), 3)
+                self.assertEqual(w[-1].message.args[0], message)
 
     def test_default(self):
         with original_warnings.catch_warnings(record=True,
@@ -499,7 +503,7 @@ def test_stacklevel_import(self):
             with original_warnings.catch_warnings(record=True,
                     module=self.module) as w:
                 self.module.simplefilter('always')
-                import test.test_warnings.data.import_warning
+                import test.test_warnings.data.import_warning  # noqa: F401
                 self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)
                 self.assertEqual(w[0].filename, __file__)
 
@@ -636,6 +640,97 @@ class NonWarningSubclass:
                 self.module.warn('good warning category', MyWarningClass)
             self.assertIsInstance(cm.warning, Warning)
 
+    def check_module_globals(self, module_globals):
+        with original_warnings.catch_warnings(module=self.module, record=True) as w:
+            self.module.filterwarnings('default')
+            self.module.warn_explicit(
+                'eggs', UserWarning, 'bar', 1,
+                module_globals=module_globals)
+        self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(w[0].category, UserWarning)
+        self.assertEqual(str(w[0].message), 'eggs')
+
+    def check_module_globals_error(self, module_globals, errmsg, errtype=ValueError):
+        if self.module is py_warnings:
+            self.check_module_globals(module_globals)
+            return
+        with original_warnings.catch_warnings(module=self.module, record=True) as w:
+            self.module.filterwarnings('always')
+            with self.assertRaisesRegex(errtype, re.escape(errmsg)):
+                self.module.warn_explicit(
+                    'eggs', UserWarning, 'bar', 1,
+                    module_globals=module_globals)
+        self.assertEqual(len(w), 0)
+
+    def check_module_globals_deprecated(self, module_globals, msg):
+        if self.module is py_warnings:
+            self.check_module_globals(module_globals)
+            return
+        with original_warnings.catch_warnings(module=self.module, record=True) as w:
+            self.module.filterwarnings('always')
+            self.module.warn_explicit(
+                'eggs', UserWarning, 'bar', 1,
+                module_globals=module_globals)
+        self.assertEqual(len(w), 2)
+        self.assertEqual(w[0].category, DeprecationWarning)
+        self.assertEqual(str(w[0].message), msg)
+        self.assertEqual(w[1].category, UserWarning)
+        self.assertEqual(str(w[1].message), 'eggs')
+
+    def test_gh86298_no_loader_and_no_spec(self):
+        self.check_module_globals({'__name__': 'bar'})
+
+    def test_gh86298_loader_is_none_and_no_spec(self):
+        self.check_module_globals({'__name__': 'bar', '__loader__': None})
+
+    def test_gh86298_no_loader_and_spec_is_none(self):
+        self.check_module_globals_error(
+            {'__name__': 'bar', '__spec__': None},
+            'Module globals is missing a __spec__.loader')
+
+    def test_gh86298_loader_is_none_and_spec_is_none(self):
+        self.check_module_globals_error(
+            {'__name__': 'bar', '__loader__': None, '__spec__': None},
+            'Module globals is missing a __spec__.loader')
+
+    def test_gh86298_loader_is_none_and_spec_loader_is_none(self):
+        self.check_module_globals_error(
+            {'__name__': 'bar', '__loader__': None,
+             '__spec__': types.SimpleNamespace(loader=None)},
+            'Module globals is missing a __spec__.loader')
+
+    def test_gh86298_no_spec(self):
+        self.check_module_globals_deprecated(
+            {'__name__': 'bar', '__loader__': object()},
+            'Module globals is missing a __spec__.loader')
+
+    def test_gh86298_spec_is_none(self):
+        self.check_module_globals_deprecated(
+            {'__name__': 'bar', '__loader__': object(), '__spec__': None},
+            'Module globals is missing a __spec__.loader')
+
+    def test_gh86298_no_spec_loader(self):
+        self.check_module_globals_deprecated(
+            {'__name__': 'bar', '__loader__': object(),
+             '__spec__': types.SimpleNamespace()},
+            'Module globals is missing a __spec__.loader')
+
+    def test_gh86298_loader_and_spec_loader_disagree(self):
+        self.check_module_globals_deprecated(
+            {'__name__': 'bar', '__loader__': object(),
+             '__spec__': types.SimpleNamespace(loader=object())},
+            'Module globals; __loader__ != __spec__.loader')
+
+    def test_gh86298_no_loader_and_no_spec_loader(self):
+        self.check_module_globals_error(
+            {'__name__': 'bar', '__spec__': types.SimpleNamespace()},
+            'Module globals is missing a __spec__.loader', AttributeError)
+
+    def test_gh86298_no_loader_with_spec_loader_okay(self):
+        self.check_module_globals(
+            {'__name__': 'bar',
+             '__spec__': types.SimpleNamespace(loader=object())})
+
 class CWarnTests(WarnTests, unittest.TestCase):
     module = c_warnings
 
@@ -884,37 +979,46 @@ def test_issue31285(self):
         # warn_explicit() should neither raise a SystemError nor cause an
         # assertion failure, in case the return value of get_source() has a
         # bad splitlines() method.
-        def get_bad_loader(splitlines_ret_val):
+        get_source_called = []
+        def get_module_globals(*, splitlines_ret_val):
+            class BadSource(str):
+                def splitlines(self):
+                    return splitlines_ret_val
+
             class BadLoader:
                 def get_source(self, fullname):
-                    class BadSource(str):
-                        def splitlines(self):
-                            return splitlines_ret_val
+                    get_source_called.append(splitlines_ret_val)
                     return BadSource('spam')
-            return BadLoader()
+
+            loader = BadLoader()
+            spec = importlib.machinery.ModuleSpec('foobar', loader)
+            return {'__loader__': loader,
+                    '__spec__': spec,
+                    '__name__': 'foobar'}
+
 
         wmod = self.module
         with original_warnings.catch_warnings(module=wmod):
             wmod.filterwarnings('default', category=UserWarning)
 
+            linecache.clearcache()
             with support.captured_stderr() as stderr:
                 wmod.warn_explicit(
                     'foo', UserWarning, 'bar', 1,
-                    module_globals={'__loader__': get_bad_loader(42),
-                                    '__name__': 'foobar'})
+                    module_globals=get_module_globals(splitlines_ret_val=42))
             self.assertIn('UserWarning: foo', stderr.getvalue())
+            self.assertEqual(get_source_called, [42])
 
-            show = wmod._showwarnmsg
-            try:
+            linecache.clearcache()
+            with support.swap_attr(wmod, '_showwarnmsg', None):
                 del wmod._showwarnmsg
                 with support.captured_stderr() as stderr:
                     wmod.warn_explicit(
                         'eggs', UserWarning, 'bar', 1,
-                        module_globals={'__loader__': get_bad_loader([42]),
-                                        '__name__': 'foobar'})
+                        module_globals=get_module_globals(splitlines_ret_val=[42]))
                 self.assertIn('UserWarning: eggs', stderr.getvalue())
-            finally:
-                wmod._showwarnmsg = show
+            self.assertEqual(get_source_called, [42, [42]])
+            linecache.clearcache()
 
     @support.cpython_only
     def test_issue31411(self):
@@ -1682,6 +1786,29 @@ def d(): pass
             isinstance(cell.cell_contents, deprecated) for cell in d.__closure__
         ))
 
+    def test_inspect(self):
+        @deprecated("depr")
+        def sync():
+            pass
+
+        @deprecated("depr")
+        async def coro():
+            pass
+
+        class Cls:
+            @deprecated("depr")
+            def sync(self):
+                pass
+
+            @deprecated("depr")
+            async def coro(self):
+                pass
+
+        self.assertFalse(inspect.iscoroutinefunction(sync))
+        self.assertTrue(inspect.iscoroutinefunction(coro))
+        self.assertFalse(inspect.iscoroutinefunction(Cls.sync))
+        self.assertTrue(inspect.iscoroutinefunction(Cls.coro))
+
 def setUpModule():
     py_warnings.onceregistry.clear()
     c_warnings.onceregistry.clear()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_weakref.py b/Lib/test/test_weakref.py
index ef2fe92cc219b6..4faad6629fe23c 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_weakref.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_weakref.py
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 import textwrap
 
 from test import support
-from test.support import script_helper, ALWAYS_EQ, suppress_immortalization
+from test.support import script_helper, ALWAYS_EQ
 from test.support import gc_collect
 from test.support import import_helper
 from test.support import threading_helper
@@ -123,10 +123,12 @@ def test_basic_ref(self):
     def test_ref_repr(self):
         obj = C()
         ref = weakref.ref(obj)
-        self.assertRegex(repr(ref),
-                         rf"<weakref at 0x[0-9a-fA-F]+; "
-                         rf"to '{C.__module__}.{C.__qualname__}' "
-                         rf"at 0x[0-9a-fA-F]+>")
+        regex = (
+            rf"<weakref at 0x[0-9a-fA-F]+; "
+            rf"to '{'' if __name__ == '__main__' else C.__module__ + '.'}{C.__qualname__}' "
+            rf"at 0x[0-9a-fA-F]+>"
+        )
+        self.assertRegex(repr(ref), regex)
 
         obj = None
         gc_collect()
@@ -141,10 +143,13 @@ def __name__(self):
 
         obj2 = WithName()
         ref2 = weakref.ref(obj2)
-        self.assertRegex(repr(ref2),
-                         rf"<weakref at 0x[0-9a-fA-F]+; "
-                         rf"to '{WithName.__module__}.{WithName.__qualname__}' "
-                         rf"at 0x[0-9a-fA-F]+ \(custom_name\)>")
+        regex = (
+            rf"<weakref at 0x[0-9a-fA-F]+; "
+            rf"to '{'' if __name__ == '__main__' else WithName.__module__ + '.'}"
+            rf"{WithName.__qualname__}' "
+            rf"at 0x[0-9a-fA-F]+ +\(custom_name\)>"
+        )
+        self.assertRegex(repr(ref2), regex)
 
     def test_repr_failure_gh99184(self):
         class MyConfig(dict):
@@ -229,10 +234,12 @@ def check(proxy):
     def test_proxy_repr(self):
         obj = C()
         ref = weakref.proxy(obj, self.callback)
-        self.assertRegex(repr(ref),
-                         rf"<weakproxy at 0x[0-9a-fA-F]+; "
-                         rf"to '{C.__module__}.{C.__qualname__}' "
-                         rf"at 0x[0-9a-fA-F]+>")
+        regex = (
+            rf"<weakproxy at 0x[0-9a-fA-F]+; "
+            rf"to '{'' if __name__ == '__main__' else C.__module__ + '.'}{C.__qualname__}' "
+            rf"at 0x[0-9a-fA-F]+>"
+        )
+        self.assertRegex(repr(ref), regex)
 
         obj = None
         gc_collect()
@@ -652,7 +659,6 @@ class C(object):
         # deallocation of c2.
         del c2
 
-    @suppress_immortalization()
     def test_callback_in_cycle(self):
         import gc
 
@@ -745,7 +751,6 @@ class D:
         del c1, c2, C, D
         gc.collect()
 
-    @suppress_immortalization()
     def test_callback_in_cycle_resurrection(self):
         import gc
 
@@ -881,7 +886,6 @@ def test_init(self):
         # No exception should be raised here
         gc.collect()
 
-    @suppress_immortalization()
     def test_classes(self):
         # Check that classes are weakrefable.
         class A(object):
@@ -2025,6 +2029,7 @@ def pop_and_collect(lst):
             raise exc[0]
 
     @threading_helper.requires_working_threading()
+    @support.requires_resource('cpu')
     def test_threaded_weak_key_dict_copy(self):
         # Issue #35615: Weakref keys or values getting GC'ed during dict
         # copying should not result in a crash.
@@ -2038,6 +2043,7 @@ def test_threaded_weak_key_dict_deepcopy(self):
         self.check_threaded_weak_dict_copy(weakref.WeakKeyDictionary, True)
 
     @threading_helper.requires_working_threading()
+    @support.requires_resource('cpu')
     def test_threaded_weak_value_dict_copy(self):
         # Issue #35615: Weakref keys or values getting GC'ed during dict
         # copying should not result in a crash.
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_webbrowser.py b/Lib/test/test_webbrowser.py
index ae8d776e8413ff..4fcbc5c2e59ea3 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_webbrowser.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_webbrowser.py
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ def _obj_ref(self, *args):
     @unittest.skipIf(getattr(webbrowser, "objc", None) is None,
                      "iOS Webbrowser tests require ctypes")
     def setUp(self):
-        # Intercept the the objc library. Wrap the calls to get the
+        # Intercept the objc library. Wrap the calls to get the
         # references to classes and selectors to return strings, and
         # wrap msgSend to return stringified object references
         self.orig_objc = webbrowser.objc
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_winapi.py b/Lib/test/test_winapi.py
index 73b8228ddc97ba..e64208330ad2f9 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_winapi.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_winapi.py
@@ -2,10 +2,7 @@
 
 import os
 import pathlib
-import random
 import re
-import threading
-import time
 import unittest
 from test.support import import_helper, os_helper
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_with.py b/Lib/test/test_with.py
index e8c4ddf979e2ee..e3e2de09496728 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_with.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_with.py
@@ -171,7 +171,10 @@ def __exit__(self, *args):
         def shouldThrow():
             ct = EnterThrows()
             self.foo = None
-            with ct as self.foo:
+            # Ruff complains that we're redefining `self.foo` here,
+            # but the whole point of the test is to check that `self.foo`
+            # is *not* redefined (because `__enter__` raises)
+            with ct as self.foo:  # ruff: noqa: F811
                 pass
         self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, shouldThrow)
         self.assertEqual(self.foo, None)
@@ -252,7 +255,6 @@ def testInlineGeneratorBoundSyntax(self):
         self.assertAfterWithGeneratorInvariantsNoError(foo)
 
     def testInlineGeneratorBoundToExistingVariable(self):
-        foo = None
         with mock_contextmanager_generator() as foo:
             self.assertInWithGeneratorInvariants(foo)
         self.assertAfterWithGeneratorInvariantsNoError(foo)
@@ -717,7 +719,7 @@ def testExceptionInExprList(self):
         try:
             with self.Dummy() as a, self.InitRaises():
                 pass
-        except:
+        except RuntimeError:
             pass
         self.assertTrue(a.enter_called)
         self.assertTrue(a.exit_called)
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_xml_etree.py b/Lib/test/test_xml_etree.py
index 3d9141fea1ef3e..ae06a9cc11855f 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_xml_etree.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_xml_etree.py
@@ -138,9 +138,9 @@ class ModuleTest(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_sanity(self):
         # Import sanity.
 
-        from xml.etree import ElementTree
-        from xml.etree import ElementInclude
-        from xml.etree import ElementPath
+        from xml.etree import ElementTree     # noqa: F401
+        from xml.etree import ElementInclude  # noqa: F401
+        from xml.etree import ElementPath     # noqa: F401
 
     def test_all(self):
         names = ("xml.etree.ElementTree", "_elementtree")
@@ -2423,6 +2423,22 @@ def test_39495_treebuilder_start(self):
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, ET.TreeBuilder().start, "tag")
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, ET.TreeBuilder().start, "tag", None)
 
+    def test_issue123213_correct_extend_exception(self):
+        # Does not hide the internal exception when extending the element
+        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, ET.Element('tag').extend,
+                          (1/0 for i in range(2)))
+
+        # Still raises the TypeError when extending with a non-iterable
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, ET.Element('tag').extend, None)
+
+        # Preserves the TypeError message when extending with a generator
+        def f():
+            raise TypeError("mymessage")
+
+        self.assertRaisesRegex(
+            TypeError, 'mymessage',
+            ET.Element('tag').extend, (f() for i in range(2)))
+
 
 
 # --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -3748,6 +3764,22 @@ def test_setslice_negative_steps(self):
         e[1::-sys.maxsize<<64] = [ET.Element('d')]
         self.assertEqual(self._subelem_tags(e), ['a0', 'd', 'a2', 'a3'])
 
+    def test_issue123213_setslice_exception(self):
+        e = ET.Element('tag')
+        # Does not hide the internal exception when assigning to the element
+        with self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError):
+            e[:1] = (1/0 for i in range(2))
+
+        # Still raises the TypeError when assigning with a non-iterable
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            e[:1] = None
+
+        # Preserve the original TypeError message when assigning.
+        def f():
+            raise TypeError("mymessage")
+
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, 'mymessage'):
+            e[:1] = (f() for i in range(2))
 
 class IOTest(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_encoding(self):
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_xmlrpc.py b/Lib/test/test_xmlrpc.py
index 6c4b8384a3202e..2803c6d45c27bf 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_xmlrpc.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_xmlrpc.py
@@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ def test_get_host_info(self):
 
     def test_ssl_presence(self):
         try:
-            import ssl
+            import ssl  # noqa: F401
         except ImportError:
             has_ssl = False
         else:
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_zipfile/_path/test_path.py b/Lib/test/test_zipfile/_path/test_path.py
index 99842ffd63a64e..aba515536f0c1a 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_zipfile/_path/test_path.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_zipfile/_path/test_path.py
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 import pickle
 import stat
 import sys
+import time
 import unittest
 import zipfile
 import zipfile._path
@@ -101,7 +102,7 @@ def zipfile_ondisk(self, alpharep):
     def test_iterdir_and_types(self, alpharep):
         root = zipfile.Path(alpharep)
         assert root.is_dir()
-        a, k, b, g, j = root.iterdir()
+        a, n, b, g, j = root.iterdir()
         assert a.is_file()
         assert b.is_dir()
         assert g.is_dir()
@@ -121,7 +122,7 @@ def test_is_file_missing(self, alpharep):
     @pass_alpharep
     def test_iterdir_on_file(self, alpharep):
         root = zipfile.Path(alpharep)
-        a, k, b, g, j = root.iterdir()
+        a, n, b, g, j = root.iterdir()
         with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
             a.iterdir()
 
@@ -136,7 +137,7 @@ def test_subdir_is_dir(self, alpharep):
     @pass_alpharep
     def test_open(self, alpharep):
         root = zipfile.Path(alpharep)
-        a, k, b, g, j = root.iterdir()
+        a, n, b, g, j = root.iterdir()
         with a.open(encoding="utf-8") as strm:
             data = strm.read()
         self.assertEqual(data, "content of a")
@@ -240,7 +241,7 @@ def test_open_missing_directory(self, alpharep):
     @pass_alpharep
     def test_read(self, alpharep):
         root = zipfile.Path(alpharep)
-        a, k, b, g, j = root.iterdir()
+        a, n, b, g, j = root.iterdir()
         assert a.read_text(encoding="utf-8") == "content of a"
         # Also check positional encoding arg (gh-101144).
         assert a.read_text("utf-8") == "content of a"
@@ -306,7 +307,7 @@ def test_mutability(self, alpharep):
         reflect that change.
         """
         root = zipfile.Path(alpharep)
-        a, k, b, g, j = root.iterdir()
+        a, n, b, g, j = root.iterdir()
         alpharep.writestr('foo.txt', 'foo')
         alpharep.writestr('bar/baz.txt', 'baz')
         assert any(child.name == 'foo.txt' for child in root.iterdir())
@@ -475,6 +476,18 @@ def test_glob_recursive(self, alpharep):
 
         assert list(root.glob("**/*.txt")) == list(root.rglob("*.txt"))
 
+    @pass_alpharep
+    def test_glob_dirs(self, alpharep):
+        root = zipfile.Path(alpharep)
+        assert list(root.glob('b')) == [zipfile.Path(alpharep, "b/")]
+        assert list(root.glob('b*')) == [zipfile.Path(alpharep, "b/")]
+
+    @pass_alpharep
+    def test_glob_subdir(self, alpharep):
+        root = zipfile.Path(alpharep)
+        assert list(root.glob('g/h')) == [zipfile.Path(alpharep, "g/h/")]
+        assert list(root.glob('g*/h*')) == [zipfile.Path(alpharep, "g/h/")]
+
     @pass_alpharep
     def test_glob_subdirs(self, alpharep):
         root = zipfile.Path(alpharep)
@@ -577,3 +590,87 @@ def test_getinfo_missing(self, alpharep):
         zipfile.Path(alpharep)
         with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
             alpharep.getinfo('does-not-exist')
+
+    def test_malformed_paths(self):
+        """
+        Path should handle malformed paths gracefully.
+
+        Paths with leading slashes are not visible.
+
+        Paths with dots are treated like regular files.
+        """
+        data = io.BytesIO()
+        zf = zipfile.ZipFile(data, "w")
+        zf.writestr("/one-slash.txt", b"content")
+        zf.writestr("//two-slash.txt", b"content")
+        zf.writestr("../parent.txt", b"content")
+        zf.filename = ''
+        root = zipfile.Path(zf)
+        assert list(map(str, root.iterdir())) == ['../']
+        assert root.joinpath('..').joinpath('parent.txt').read_bytes() == b'content'
+
+    def test_unsupported_names(self):
+        """
+        Path segments with special characters are readable.
+
+        On some platforms or file systems, characters like
+        ``:`` and ``?`` are not allowed, but they are valid
+        in the zip file.
+        """
+        data = io.BytesIO()
+        zf = zipfile.ZipFile(data, "w")
+        zf.writestr("path?", b"content")
+        zf.writestr("V: NMS.flac", b"fLaC...")
+        zf.filename = ''
+        root = zipfile.Path(zf)
+        contents = root.iterdir()
+        assert next(contents).name == 'path?'
+        assert next(contents).name == 'V: NMS.flac'
+        assert root.joinpath('V: NMS.flac').read_bytes() == b"fLaC..."
+
+    def test_backslash_not_separator(self):
+        """
+        In a zip file, backslashes are not separators.
+        """
+        data = io.BytesIO()
+        zf = zipfile.ZipFile(data, "w")
+        zf.writestr(DirtyZipInfo.for_name("foo\\bar", zf), b"content")
+        zf.filename = ''
+        root = zipfile.Path(zf)
+        (first,) = root.iterdir()
+        assert not first.is_dir()
+        assert first.name == 'foo\\bar'
+
+    @pass_alpharep
+    def test_interface(self, alpharep):
+        from importlib.resources.abc import Traversable
+
+        zf = zipfile.Path(alpharep)
+        assert isinstance(zf, Traversable)
+
+
+class DirtyZipInfo(zipfile.ZipInfo):
+    """
+    Bypass name sanitization.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, filename, *args, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(filename, *args, **kwargs)
+        self.filename = filename
+
+    @classmethod
+    def for_name(cls, name, archive):
+        """
+        Construct the same way that ZipFile.writestr does.
+
+        TODO: extract this functionality and re-use
+        """
+        self = cls(filename=name, date_time=time.localtime(time.time())[:6])
+        self.compress_type = archive.compression
+        self.compress_level = archive.compresslevel
+        if self.filename.endswith('/'):  # pragma: no cover
+            self.external_attr = 0o40775 << 16  # drwxrwxr-x
+            self.external_attr |= 0x10  # MS-DOS directory flag
+        else:
+            self.external_attr = 0o600 << 16  # ?rw-------
+        return self
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_zipfile/test_core.py b/Lib/test/test_zipfile/test_core.py
index 423974aada4ac1..36f7f542872897 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_zipfile/test_core.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_zipfile/test_core.py
@@ -1116,7 +1116,7 @@ def test_force_zip64(self):
         # Because this is hard to verify by parsing the data as a zip, the raw
         # bytes are checked to ensure that they line up with the zip spec.
         # The spec for this can be found at: https://pkware.cachefly.net/webdocs/casestudies/APPNOTE.TXT
-        # The relevent sections for this test are:
+        # The relevant sections for this test are:
         #  - 4.3.7 for local file header
         #  - 4.5.3 for zip64 extra field
 
@@ -1187,7 +1187,7 @@ def test_unseekable_zip_known_filesize(self):
         # in as a zip, this test looks at the raw bytes created to ensure that
         # the correct data has been generated.
         # The spec for this can be found at: https://pkware.cachefly.net/webdocs/casestudies/APPNOTE.TXT
-        # The relevent sections for this test are:
+        # The relevant sections for this test are:
         #  - 4.3.7 for local file header
         #  - 4.3.9 for the data descriptor
         #  - 4.5.3 for zip64 extra field
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_zipimport.py b/Lib/test/test_zipimport.py
index e9c3218d2bb39e..1f288c8b45d589 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_zipimport.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_zipimport.py
@@ -52,8 +52,11 @@ def module_path_to_dotted_name(path):
 
 
 TESTMOD = "ziptestmodule"
+TESTMOD2 = "ziptestmodule2"
+TESTMOD3 = "ziptestmodule3"
 TESTPACK = "ziptestpackage"
 TESTPACK2 = "ziptestpackage2"
+TESTPACK3 = "ziptestpackage3"
 TEMP_DIR = os.path.abspath("junk95142")
 TEMP_ZIP = os.path.abspath("junk95142.zip")
 TEST_DATA_DIR = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "zipimport_data")
@@ -95,8 +98,10 @@ def makeTree(self, files, dirName=TEMP_DIR):
         # defined by files under the directory dirName.
         self.addCleanup(os_helper.rmtree, dirName)
 
-        for name, (mtime, data) in files.items():
-            path = os.path.join(dirName, name)
+        for name, data in files.items():
+            if isinstance(data, tuple):
+                mtime, data = data
+            path = os.path.join(dirName, *name.split('/'))
             if path[-1] == os.sep:
                 if not os.path.isdir(path):
                     os.makedirs(path)
@@ -107,22 +112,18 @@ def makeTree(self, files, dirName=TEMP_DIR):
                 with open(path, 'wb') as fp:
                     fp.write(data)
 
-    def makeZip(self, files, zipName=TEMP_ZIP, **kw):
+    def makeZip(self, files, zipName=TEMP_ZIP, *,
+                comment=None, file_comment=None, stuff=None, prefix='', **kw):
         # Create a zip archive based set of modules/packages
-        # defined by files in the zip file zipName.  If the
-        # key 'stuff' exists in kw it is prepended to the archive.
+        # defined by files in the zip file zipName.
+        # If stuff is not None, it is prepended to the archive.
         self.addCleanup(os_helper.unlink, zipName)
 
-        with ZipFile(zipName, "w") as z:
-            for name, (mtime, data) in files.items():
-                zinfo = ZipInfo(name, time.localtime(mtime))
-                zinfo.compress_type = self.compression
-                z.writestr(zinfo, data)
-            comment = kw.get("comment", None)
+        with ZipFile(zipName, "w", compression=self.compression) as z:
+            self.writeZip(z, files, file_comment=file_comment, prefix=prefix)
             if comment is not None:
                 z.comment = comment
 
-        stuff = kw.get("stuff", None)
         if stuff is not None:
             # Prepend 'stuff' to the start of the zipfile
             with open(zipName, "rb") as f:
@@ -131,26 +132,47 @@ def makeZip(self, files, zipName=TEMP_ZIP, **kw):
                 f.write(stuff)
                 f.write(data)
 
+    def writeZip(self, z, files, *, file_comment=None, prefix=''):
+        for name, data in files.items():
+            if isinstance(data, tuple):
+                mtime, data = data
+            else:
+                mtime = NOW
+            name = name.replace(os.sep, '/')
+            zinfo = ZipInfo(prefix + name, time.localtime(mtime))
+            zinfo.compress_type = self.compression
+            if file_comment is not None:
+                zinfo.comment = file_comment
+            if data is None:
+                zinfo.CRC = 0
+                z.mkdir(zinfo)
+            else:
+                assert name[-1] != '/'
+                z.writestr(zinfo, data)
+
     def getZip64Files(self):
         # This is the simplest way to make zipfile generate the zip64 EOCD block
-        return {f"f{n}.py": (NOW, test_src) for n in range(65537)}
+        return {f"f{n}.py": test_src for n in range(65537)}
 
     def doTest(self, expected_ext, files, *modules, **kw):
+        if 'prefix' not in kw:
+            kw['prefix'] = 'pre/fix/'
         self.makeZip(files, **kw)
         self.doTestWithPreBuiltZip(expected_ext, *modules, **kw)
 
-    def doTestWithPreBuiltZip(self, expected_ext, *modules, **kw):
-        sys.path.insert(0, TEMP_ZIP)
+    def doTestWithPreBuiltZip(self, expected_ext, *modules,
+                              call=None, prefix='', **kw):
+        zip_path = os.path.join(TEMP_ZIP, *prefix.split('/')[:-1])
+        sys.path.insert(0, zip_path)
 
         mod = importlib.import_module(".".join(modules))
 
-        call = kw.get('call')
         if call is not None:
             call(mod)
 
         if expected_ext:
             file = mod.get_file()
-            self.assertEqual(file, os.path.join(TEMP_ZIP,
+            self.assertEqual(file, os.path.join(zip_path,
                                  *modules) + expected_ext)
 
     def testAFakeZlib(self):
@@ -176,7 +198,7 @@ def testAFakeZlib(self):
             self.skipTest('zlib is a builtin module')
         if "zlib" in sys.modules:
             del sys.modules["zlib"]
-        files = {"zlib.py": (NOW, test_src)}
+        files = {"zlib.py": test_src}
         try:
             self.doTest(".py", files, "zlib")
         except ImportError:
@@ -187,16 +209,16 @@ def testAFakeZlib(self):
                 self.fail("expected test to raise ImportError")
 
     def testPy(self):
-        files = {TESTMOD + ".py": (NOW, test_src)}
+        files = {TESTMOD + ".py": test_src}
         self.doTest(".py", files, TESTMOD)
 
     def testPyc(self):
-        files = {TESTMOD + pyc_ext: (NOW, test_pyc)}
+        files = {TESTMOD + pyc_ext: test_pyc}
         self.doTest(pyc_ext, files, TESTMOD)
 
     def testBoth(self):
-        files = {TESTMOD + ".py": (NOW, test_src),
-                 TESTMOD + pyc_ext: (NOW, test_pyc)}
+        files = {TESTMOD + ".py": test_src,
+                 TESTMOD + pyc_ext: test_pyc}
         self.doTest(pyc_ext, files, TESTMOD)
 
     def testUncheckedHashBasedPyc(self):
@@ -229,22 +251,22 @@ def check(mod):
         self.doTest(None, files, TESTMOD, call=check)
 
     def testEmptyPy(self):
-        files = {TESTMOD + ".py": (NOW, "")}
+        files = {TESTMOD + ".py": ""}
         self.doTest(None, files, TESTMOD)
 
     def testBadMagic(self):
         # make pyc magic word invalid, forcing loading from .py
         badmagic_pyc = bytearray(test_pyc)
         badmagic_pyc[0] ^= 0x04  # flip an arbitrary bit
-        files = {TESTMOD + ".py": (NOW, test_src),
-                 TESTMOD + pyc_ext: (NOW, badmagic_pyc)}
+        files = {TESTMOD + ".py": test_src,
+                 TESTMOD + pyc_ext: badmagic_pyc}
         self.doTest(".py", files, TESTMOD)
 
     def testBadMagic2(self):
         # make pyc magic word invalid, causing an ImportError
         badmagic_pyc = bytearray(test_pyc)
         badmagic_pyc[0] ^= 0x04  # flip an arbitrary bit
-        files = {TESTMOD + pyc_ext: (NOW, badmagic_pyc)}
+        files = {TESTMOD + pyc_ext: badmagic_pyc}
         try:
             self.doTest(".py", files, TESTMOD)
             self.fail("This should not be reached")
@@ -257,22 +279,22 @@ def testBadMTime(self):
         # flip the second bit -- not the first as that one isn't stored in the
         # .py's mtime in the zip archive.
         badtime_pyc[11] ^= 0x02
-        files = {TESTMOD + ".py": (NOW, test_src),
-                 TESTMOD + pyc_ext: (NOW, badtime_pyc)}
+        files = {TESTMOD + ".py": test_src,
+                 TESTMOD + pyc_ext: badtime_pyc}
         self.doTest(".py", files, TESTMOD)
 
     def test2038MTime(self):
         # Make sure we can handle mtimes larger than what a 32-bit signed number
         # can hold.
         twenty_thirty_eight_pyc = make_pyc(test_co, 2**32 - 1, len(test_src))
-        files = {TESTMOD + ".py": (NOW, test_src),
-                 TESTMOD + pyc_ext: (NOW, twenty_thirty_eight_pyc)}
+        files = {TESTMOD + ".py": test_src,
+                 TESTMOD + pyc_ext: twenty_thirty_eight_pyc}
         self.doTest(".py", files, TESTMOD)
 
     def testPackage(self):
         packdir = TESTPACK + os.sep
-        files = {packdir + "__init__" + pyc_ext: (NOW, test_pyc),
-                 packdir + TESTMOD + pyc_ext: (NOW, test_pyc)}
+        files = {packdir + "__init__" + pyc_ext: test_pyc,
+                 packdir + TESTMOD + pyc_ext: test_pyc}
         self.doTest(pyc_ext, files, TESTPACK, TESTMOD)
 
     def testSubPackage(self):
@@ -280,9 +302,9 @@ def testSubPackage(self):
         # archives.
         packdir = TESTPACK + os.sep
         packdir2 = packdir + TESTPACK2 + os.sep
-        files = {packdir + "__init__" + pyc_ext: (NOW, test_pyc),
-                 packdir2 + "__init__" + pyc_ext: (NOW, test_pyc),
-                 packdir2 + TESTMOD + pyc_ext: (NOW, test_pyc)}
+        files = {packdir + "__init__" + pyc_ext: test_pyc,
+                 packdir2 + "__init__" + pyc_ext: test_pyc,
+                 packdir2 + TESTMOD + pyc_ext: test_pyc}
         self.doTest(pyc_ext, files, TESTPACK, TESTPACK2, TESTMOD)
 
     def testSubNamespacePackage(self):
@@ -291,29 +313,104 @@ def testSubNamespacePackage(self):
         packdir = TESTPACK + os.sep
         packdir2 = packdir + TESTPACK2 + os.sep
         # The first two files are just directory entries (so have no data).
-        files = {packdir: (NOW, ""),
-                 packdir2: (NOW, ""),
-                 packdir2 + TESTMOD + pyc_ext: (NOW, test_pyc)}
+        files = {packdir: None,
+                 packdir2: None,
+                 packdir2 + TESTMOD + pyc_ext: test_pyc}
         self.doTest(pyc_ext, files, TESTPACK, TESTPACK2, TESTMOD)
 
+    def testPackageExplicitDirectories(self):
+        # Test explicit namespace packages with explicit directory entries.
+        self.addCleanup(os_helper.unlink, TEMP_ZIP)
+        with ZipFile(TEMP_ZIP, 'w', compression=self.compression) as z:
+            z.mkdir('a')
+            z.writestr('a/__init__.py', test_src)
+            z.mkdir('a/b')
+            z.writestr('a/b/__init__.py', test_src)
+            z.mkdir('a/b/c')
+            z.writestr('a/b/c/__init__.py', test_src)
+            z.writestr('a/b/c/d.py', test_src)
+        self._testPackage(initfile='__init__.py')
+
+    def testPackageImplicitDirectories(self):
+        # Test explicit namespace packages without explicit directory entries.
+        self.addCleanup(os_helper.unlink, TEMP_ZIP)
+        with ZipFile(TEMP_ZIP, 'w', compression=self.compression) as z:
+            z.writestr('a/__init__.py', test_src)
+            z.writestr('a/b/__init__.py', test_src)
+            z.writestr('a/b/c/__init__.py', test_src)
+            z.writestr('a/b/c/d.py', test_src)
+        self._testPackage(initfile='__init__.py')
+
+    def testNamespacePackageExplicitDirectories(self):
+        # Test implicit namespace packages with explicit directory entries.
+        self.addCleanup(os_helper.unlink, TEMP_ZIP)
+        with ZipFile(TEMP_ZIP, 'w', compression=self.compression) as z:
+            z.mkdir('a')
+            z.mkdir('a/b')
+            z.mkdir('a/b/c')
+            z.writestr('a/b/c/d.py', test_src)
+        self._testPackage(initfile=None)
+
+    def testNamespacePackageImplicitDirectories(self):
+        # Test implicit namespace packages without explicit directory entries.
+        self.addCleanup(os_helper.unlink, TEMP_ZIP)
+        with ZipFile(TEMP_ZIP, 'w', compression=self.compression) as z:
+            z.writestr('a/b/c/d.py', test_src)
+        self._testPackage(initfile=None)
+
+    def _testPackage(self, initfile):
+        zi = zipimport.zipimporter(os.path.join(TEMP_ZIP, 'a'))
+        if initfile is None:
+            # XXX Should it work?
+            self.assertRaises(zipimport.ZipImportError, zi.is_package, 'b')
+            self.assertRaises(zipimport.ZipImportError, zi.get_source, 'b')
+            self.assertRaises(zipimport.ZipImportError, zi.get_code, 'b')
+        else:
+            self.assertTrue(zi.is_package('b'))
+            self.assertEqual(zi.get_source('b'), test_src)
+            self.assertEqual(zi.get_code('b').co_filename,
+                             os.path.join(TEMP_ZIP, 'a', 'b', initfile))
+
+        sys.path.insert(0, TEMP_ZIP)
+        self.assertNotIn('a', sys.modules)
+
+        mod = importlib.import_module(f'a.b')
+        self.assertIn('a', sys.modules)
+        self.assertIs(sys.modules['a.b'], mod)
+        if initfile is None:
+            self.assertIsNone(mod.__file__)
+        else:
+            self.assertEqual(mod.__file__,
+                             os.path.join(TEMP_ZIP, 'a', 'b', initfile))
+        self.assertEqual(len(mod.__path__), 1, mod.__path__)
+        self.assertEqual(mod.__path__[0], os.path.join(TEMP_ZIP, 'a', 'b'))
+
+        mod2 = importlib.import_module(f'a.b.c.d')
+        self.assertIn('a.b.c', sys.modules)
+        self.assertIn('a.b.c.d', sys.modules)
+        self.assertIs(sys.modules['a.b.c.d'], mod2)
+        self.assertIs(mod.c.d, mod2)
+        self.assertEqual(mod2.__file__,
+                         os.path.join(TEMP_ZIP, 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd.py'))
+
     def testMixedNamespacePackage(self):
         # Test implicit namespace packages spread between a
         # real filesystem and a zip archive.
         packdir = TESTPACK + os.sep
         packdir2 = packdir + TESTPACK2 + os.sep
-        packdir3 = packdir2 + TESTPACK + '3' + os.sep
-        files1 = {packdir: (NOW, ""),
-                  packdir + TESTMOD + pyc_ext: (NOW, test_pyc),
-                  packdir2: (NOW, ""),
-                  packdir3: (NOW, ""),
-                  packdir3 + TESTMOD + pyc_ext: (NOW, test_pyc),
-                  packdir2 + TESTMOD + '3' + pyc_ext: (NOW, test_pyc),
-                  packdir2 + TESTMOD + pyc_ext: (NOW, test_pyc)}
-        files2 = {packdir: (NOW, ""),
-                  packdir + TESTMOD + '2' + pyc_ext: (NOW, test_pyc),
-                  packdir2: (NOW, ""),
-                  packdir2 + TESTMOD + '2' + pyc_ext: (NOW, test_pyc),
-                  packdir2 + TESTMOD + pyc_ext: (NOW, test_pyc)}
+        packdir3 = packdir2 + TESTPACK3 + os.sep
+        files1 = {packdir: None,
+                  packdir + TESTMOD + pyc_ext: test_pyc,
+                  packdir2: None,
+                  packdir3: None,
+                  packdir3 + TESTMOD + pyc_ext: test_pyc,
+                  packdir2 + TESTMOD3 + pyc_ext: test_pyc,
+                  packdir2 + TESTMOD + pyc_ext: test_pyc}
+        files2 = {packdir: None,
+                  packdir + TESTMOD2 + pyc_ext: test_pyc,
+                  packdir2: None,
+                  packdir2 + TESTMOD2 + pyc_ext: test_pyc,
+                  packdir2 + TESTMOD + pyc_ext: test_pyc}
 
         zip1 = os.path.abspath("path1.zip")
         self.makeZip(files1, zip1)
@@ -346,8 +443,8 @@ def testMixedNamespacePackage(self):
         mod = importlib.import_module('.'.join((TESTPACK, TESTMOD)))
         self.assertEqual("path1.zip", mod.__file__.split(os.sep)[-3])
 
-        # And TESTPACK/(TESTMOD + '2') only exists in path2.
-        mod = importlib.import_module('.'.join((TESTPACK, TESTMOD + '2')))
+        # And TESTPACK/(TESTMOD2) only exists in path2.
+        mod = importlib.import_module('.'.join((TESTPACK, TESTMOD2)))
         self.assertEqual(os.path.basename(TEMP_DIR),
                          mod.__file__.split(os.sep)[-3])
 
@@ -364,13 +461,13 @@ def testMixedNamespacePackage(self):
         self.assertEqual(os.path.basename(TEMP_DIR),
                          mod.__file__.split(os.sep)[-4])
 
-        # subpkg.TESTMOD + '2' only exists in zip2.
-        mod = importlib.import_module('.'.join((subpkg, TESTMOD + '2')))
+        # subpkg.TESTMOD2 only exists in zip2.
+        mod = importlib.import_module('.'.join((subpkg, TESTMOD2)))
         self.assertEqual(os.path.basename(TEMP_DIR),
                          mod.__file__.split(os.sep)[-4])
 
-        # Finally subpkg.TESTMOD + '3' only exists in zip1.
-        mod = importlib.import_module('.'.join((subpkg, TESTMOD + '3')))
+        # Finally subpkg.TESTMOD3 only exists in zip1.
+        mod = importlib.import_module('.'.join((subpkg, TESTMOD3)))
         self.assertEqual('path1.zip', mod.__file__.split(os.sep)[-4])
 
     def testNamespacePackage(self):
@@ -378,22 +475,22 @@ def testNamespacePackage(self):
         # archives.
         packdir = TESTPACK + os.sep
         packdir2 = packdir + TESTPACK2 + os.sep
-        packdir3 = packdir2 + TESTPACK + '3' + os.sep
-        files1 = {packdir: (NOW, ""),
-                  packdir + TESTMOD + pyc_ext: (NOW, test_pyc),
-                  packdir2: (NOW, ""),
-                  packdir3: (NOW, ""),
-                  packdir3 + TESTMOD + pyc_ext: (NOW, test_pyc),
-                  packdir2 + TESTMOD + '3' + pyc_ext: (NOW, test_pyc),
-                  packdir2 + TESTMOD + pyc_ext: (NOW, test_pyc)}
+        packdir3 = packdir2 + TESTPACK3 + os.sep
+        files1 = {packdir: None,
+                  packdir + TESTMOD + pyc_ext: test_pyc,
+                  packdir2: None,
+                  packdir3: None,
+                  packdir3 + TESTMOD + pyc_ext: test_pyc,
+                  packdir2 + TESTMOD3 + pyc_ext: test_pyc,
+                  packdir2 + TESTMOD + pyc_ext: test_pyc}
         zip1 = os.path.abspath("path1.zip")
         self.makeZip(files1, zip1)
 
-        files2 = {packdir: (NOW, ""),
-                  packdir + TESTMOD + '2' + pyc_ext: (NOW, test_pyc),
-                  packdir2: (NOW, ""),
-                  packdir2 + TESTMOD + '2' + pyc_ext: (NOW, test_pyc),
-                  packdir2 + TESTMOD + pyc_ext: (NOW, test_pyc)}
+        files2 = {packdir: None,
+                  packdir + TESTMOD2 + pyc_ext: test_pyc,
+                  packdir2: None,
+                  packdir2 + TESTMOD2 + pyc_ext: test_pyc,
+                  packdir2 + TESTMOD + pyc_ext: test_pyc}
         zip2 = os.path.abspath("path2.zip")
         self.makeZip(files2, zip2)
 
@@ -422,8 +519,8 @@ def testNamespacePackage(self):
         mod = importlib.import_module('.'.join((TESTPACK, TESTMOD)))
         self.assertEqual("path1.zip", mod.__file__.split(os.sep)[-3])
 
-        # And TESTPACK/(TESTMOD + '2') only exists in path2.
-        mod = importlib.import_module('.'.join((TESTPACK, TESTMOD + '2')))
+        # And TESTPACK/(TESTMOD2) only exists in path2.
+        mod = importlib.import_module('.'.join((TESTPACK, TESTMOD2)))
         self.assertEqual("path2.zip", mod.__file__.split(os.sep)[-3])
 
         # One level deeper...
@@ -438,29 +535,22 @@ def testNamespacePackage(self):
         mod = importlib.import_module('.'.join((subpkg, TESTMOD)))
         self.assertEqual('path2.zip', mod.__file__.split(os.sep)[-4])
 
-        # subpkg.TESTMOD + '2' only exists in zip2.
-        mod = importlib.import_module('.'.join((subpkg, TESTMOD + '2')))
+        # subpkg.TESTMOD2 only exists in zip2.
+        mod = importlib.import_module('.'.join((subpkg, TESTMOD2)))
         self.assertEqual('path2.zip', mod.__file__.split(os.sep)[-4])
 
-        # Finally subpkg.TESTMOD + '3' only exists in zip1.
-        mod = importlib.import_module('.'.join((subpkg, TESTMOD + '3')))
+        # Finally subpkg.TESTMOD3 only exists in zip1.
+        mod = importlib.import_module('.'.join((subpkg, TESTMOD3)))
         self.assertEqual('path1.zip', mod.__file__.split(os.sep)[-4])
 
     def testZipImporterMethods(self):
         packdir = TESTPACK + os.sep
         packdir2 = packdir + TESTPACK2 + os.sep
-        files = {packdir + "__init__" + pyc_ext: (NOW, test_pyc),
-                 packdir2 + "__init__" + pyc_ext: (NOW, test_pyc),
-                 packdir2 + TESTMOD + pyc_ext: (NOW, test_pyc),
-                 "spam" + pyc_ext: (NOW, test_pyc)}
-
-        self.addCleanup(os_helper.unlink, TEMP_ZIP)
-        with ZipFile(TEMP_ZIP, "w") as z:
-            for name, (mtime, data) in files.items():
-                zinfo = ZipInfo(name, time.localtime(mtime))
-                zinfo.compress_type = self.compression
-                zinfo.comment = b"spam"
-                z.writestr(zinfo, data)
+        files = {packdir + "__init__" + pyc_ext: test_pyc,
+                 packdir2 + "__init__" + pyc_ext: test_pyc,
+                 packdir2 + TESTMOD + pyc_ext: test_pyc,
+                 "spam" + pyc_ext: test_pyc}
+        self.makeZip(files, file_comment=b"spam")
 
         zi = zipimport.zipimporter(TEMP_ZIP)
         self.assertEqual(zi.archive, TEMP_ZIP)
@@ -516,35 +606,26 @@ def testZipImporterMethods(self):
     def testInvalidateCaches(self):
         packdir = TESTPACK + os.sep
         packdir2 = packdir + TESTPACK2 + os.sep
-        files = {packdir + "__init__" + pyc_ext: (NOW, test_pyc),
-                 packdir2 + "__init__" + pyc_ext: (NOW, test_pyc),
-                 packdir2 + TESTMOD + pyc_ext: (NOW, test_pyc),
-                 "spam" + pyc_ext: (NOW, test_pyc)}
-        self.addCleanup(os_helper.unlink, TEMP_ZIP)
-        with ZipFile(TEMP_ZIP, "w") as z:
-            for name, (mtime, data) in files.items():
-                zinfo = ZipInfo(name, time.localtime(mtime))
-                zinfo.compress_type = self.compression
-                zinfo.comment = b"spam"
-                z.writestr(zinfo, data)
+        files = {packdir + "__init__" + pyc_ext: test_pyc,
+                 packdir2 + "__init__" + pyc_ext: test_pyc,
+                 packdir2 + TESTMOD + pyc_ext: test_pyc,
+                 "spam" + pyc_ext: test_pyc}
+        extra_files = [packdir, packdir2]
+        self.makeZip(files, file_comment=b"spam")
 
         zi = zipimport.zipimporter(TEMP_ZIP)
-        self.assertEqual(zi._get_files().keys(), files.keys())
+        self.assertEqual(sorted(zi._get_files()), sorted([*files, *extra_files]))
         # Check that the file information remains accurate after reloading
         zi.invalidate_caches()
-        self.assertEqual(zi._get_files().keys(), files.keys())
+        self.assertEqual(sorted(zi._get_files()), sorted([*files, *extra_files]))
         # Add a new file to the ZIP archive
-        newfile = {"spam2" + pyc_ext: (NOW, test_pyc)}
+        newfile = {"spam2" + pyc_ext: test_pyc}
         files.update(newfile)
-        with ZipFile(TEMP_ZIP, "a") as z:
-            for name, (mtime, data) in newfile.items():
-                zinfo = ZipInfo(name, time.localtime(mtime))
-                zinfo.compress_type = self.compression
-                zinfo.comment = b"spam"
-                z.writestr(zinfo, data)
+        with ZipFile(TEMP_ZIP, "a", compression=self.compression) as z:
+            self.writeZip(z, newfile, file_comment=b"spam")
         # Check that we can detect the new file after invalidating the cache
         zi.invalidate_caches()
-        self.assertEqual(zi._get_files().keys(), files.keys())
+        self.assertEqual(sorted(zi._get_files()), sorted([*files, *extra_files]))
         spec = zi.find_spec('spam2')
         self.assertIsNotNone(spec)
         self.assertIsInstance(spec.loader, zipimport.zipimporter)
@@ -558,36 +639,27 @@ def testInvalidateCaches(self):
     def testInvalidateCachesWithMultipleZipimports(self):
         packdir = TESTPACK + os.sep
         packdir2 = packdir + TESTPACK2 + os.sep
-        files = {packdir + "__init__" + pyc_ext: (NOW, test_pyc),
-                 packdir2 + "__init__" + pyc_ext: (NOW, test_pyc),
-                 packdir2 + TESTMOD + pyc_ext: (NOW, test_pyc),
-                 "spam" + pyc_ext: (NOW, test_pyc)}
-        self.addCleanup(os_helper.unlink, TEMP_ZIP)
-        with ZipFile(TEMP_ZIP, "w") as z:
-            for name, (mtime, data) in files.items():
-                zinfo = ZipInfo(name, time.localtime(mtime))
-                zinfo.compress_type = self.compression
-                zinfo.comment = b"spam"
-                z.writestr(zinfo, data)
+        files = {packdir + "__init__" + pyc_ext: test_pyc,
+                 packdir2 + "__init__" + pyc_ext: test_pyc,
+                 packdir2 + TESTMOD + pyc_ext: test_pyc,
+                 "spam" + pyc_ext: test_pyc}
+        extra_files = [packdir, packdir2]
+        self.makeZip(files, file_comment=b"spam")
 
         zi = zipimport.zipimporter(TEMP_ZIP)
-        self.assertEqual(zi._get_files().keys(), files.keys())
+        self.assertEqual(sorted(zi._get_files()), sorted([*files, *extra_files]))
         # Zipimporter for the same path.
         zi2 = zipimport.zipimporter(TEMP_ZIP)
-        self.assertEqual(zi2._get_files().keys(), files.keys())
+        self.assertEqual(sorted(zi2._get_files()), sorted([*files, *extra_files]))
         # Add a new file to the ZIP archive to make the cache wrong.
-        newfile = {"spam2" + pyc_ext: (NOW, test_pyc)}
+        newfile = {"spam2" + pyc_ext: test_pyc}
         files.update(newfile)
-        with ZipFile(TEMP_ZIP, "a") as z:
-            for name, (mtime, data) in newfile.items():
-                zinfo = ZipInfo(name, time.localtime(mtime))
-                zinfo.compress_type = self.compression
-                zinfo.comment = b"spam"
-                z.writestr(zinfo, data)
+        with ZipFile(TEMP_ZIP, "a", compression=self.compression) as z:
+            self.writeZip(z, newfile, file_comment=b"spam")
         # Invalidate the cache of the first zipimporter.
         zi.invalidate_caches()
         # Check that the second zipimporter detects the new file and isn't using a stale cache.
-        self.assertEqual(zi2._get_files().keys(), files.keys())
+        self.assertEqual(sorted(zi2._get_files()), sorted([*files, *extra_files]))
         spec = zi2.find_spec('spam2')
         self.assertIsNotNone(spec)
         self.assertIsInstance(spec.loader, zipimport.zipimporter)
@@ -595,16 +667,9 @@ def testInvalidateCachesWithMultipleZipimports(self):
     def testZipImporterMethodsInSubDirectory(self):
         packdir = TESTPACK + os.sep
         packdir2 = packdir + TESTPACK2 + os.sep
-        files = {packdir2 + "__init__" + pyc_ext: (NOW, test_pyc),
-                 packdir2 + TESTMOD + pyc_ext: (NOW, test_pyc)}
-
-        self.addCleanup(os_helper.unlink, TEMP_ZIP)
-        with ZipFile(TEMP_ZIP, "w") as z:
-            for name, (mtime, data) in files.items():
-                zinfo = ZipInfo(name, time.localtime(mtime))
-                zinfo.compress_type = self.compression
-                zinfo.comment = b"eggs"
-                z.writestr(zinfo, data)
+        files = {packdir2 + "__init__" + pyc_ext: test_pyc,
+                 packdir2 + TESTMOD + pyc_ext: test_pyc}
+        self.makeZip(files, file_comment=b"eggs")
 
         zi = zipimport.zipimporter(TEMP_ZIP + os.sep + packdir)
         self.assertEqual(zi.archive, TEMP_ZIP)
@@ -650,17 +715,33 @@ def testZipImporterMethodsInSubDirectory(self):
         self.assertIsNone(loader.get_source(mod_name))
         self.assertEqual(loader.get_filename(mod_name), mod.__file__)
 
-    def testGetData(self):
+    def testGetDataExplicitDirectories(self):
         self.addCleanup(os_helper.unlink, TEMP_ZIP)
-        with ZipFile(TEMP_ZIP, "w") as z:
-            z.compression = self.compression
-            name = "testdata.dat"
-            data = bytes(x for x in range(256))
-            z.writestr(name, data)
-
-        zi = zipimport.zipimporter(TEMP_ZIP)
-        self.assertEqual(data, zi.get_data(name))
-        self.assertIn('zipimporter object', repr(zi))
+        with ZipFile(TEMP_ZIP, 'w', compression=self.compression) as z:
+            z.mkdir('a')
+            z.mkdir('a/b')
+            z.mkdir('a/b/c')
+            data = bytes(range(256))
+            z.writestr('a/b/c/testdata.dat', data)
+        self._testGetData()
+
+    def testGetDataImplicitDirectories(self):
+        self.addCleanup(os_helper.unlink, TEMP_ZIP)
+        with ZipFile(TEMP_ZIP, 'w', compression=self.compression) as z:
+            data = bytes(range(256))
+            z.writestr('a/b/c/testdata.dat', data)
+        self._testGetData()
+
+    def _testGetData(self):
+        zi = zipimport.zipimporter(os.path.join(TEMP_ZIP, 'ignored'))
+        pathname = os.path.join('a', 'b', 'c', 'testdata.dat')
+        data = bytes(range(256))
+        self.assertEqual(zi.get_data(pathname), data)
+        self.assertEqual(zi.get_data(os.path.join(TEMP_ZIP, pathname)), data)
+        self.assertEqual(zi.get_data(os.path.join('a', 'b', '')), b'')
+        self.assertEqual(zi.get_data(os.path.join(TEMP_ZIP, 'a', 'b', '')), b'')
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, zi.get_data, os.path.join('a', 'b'))
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, zi.get_data, os.path.join(TEMP_ZIP, 'a', 'b'))
 
     def testImporterAttr(self):
         src = """if 1:  # indent hack
@@ -669,9 +750,9 @@ def get_file():
         if __loader__.get_data("some.data") != b"some data":
             raise AssertionError("bad data")\n"""
         pyc = make_pyc(compile(src, "<???>", "exec"), NOW, len(src))
-        files = {TESTMOD + pyc_ext: (NOW, pyc),
-                 "some.data": (NOW, "some data")}
-        self.doTest(pyc_ext, files, TESTMOD)
+        files = {TESTMOD + pyc_ext: pyc,
+                 "some.data": "some data"}
+        self.doTest(pyc_ext, files, TESTMOD, prefix='')
 
     def testDefaultOptimizationLevel(self):
         # zipimport should use the default optimization level (#28131)
@@ -679,7 +760,7 @@ def testDefaultOptimizationLevel(self):
         def test(val):
             assert(val)
             return val\n"""
-        files = {TESTMOD + '.py': (NOW, src)}
+        files = {TESTMOD + '.py': src}
         self.makeZip(files)
         sys.path.insert(0, TEMP_ZIP)
         mod = importlib.import_module(TESTMOD)
@@ -692,7 +773,7 @@ def test(val):
     def testImport_WithStuff(self):
         # try importing from a zipfile which contains additional
         # stuff at the beginning of the file
-        files = {TESTMOD + ".py": (NOW, test_src)}
+        files = {TESTMOD + ".py": test_src}
         self.doTest(".py", files, TESTMOD,
                     stuff=b"Some Stuff"*31)
 
@@ -700,18 +781,18 @@ def assertModuleSource(self, module):
         self.assertEqual(inspect.getsource(module), test_src)
 
     def testGetSource(self):
-        files = {TESTMOD + ".py": (NOW, test_src)}
+        files = {TESTMOD + ".py": test_src}
         self.doTest(".py", files, TESTMOD, call=self.assertModuleSource)
 
     def testGetCompiledSource(self):
         pyc = make_pyc(compile(test_src, "<???>", "exec"), NOW, len(test_src))
-        files = {TESTMOD + ".py": (NOW, test_src),
-                 TESTMOD + pyc_ext: (NOW, pyc)}
+        files = {TESTMOD + ".py": test_src,
+                 TESTMOD + pyc_ext: pyc}
         self.doTest(pyc_ext, files, TESTMOD, call=self.assertModuleSource)
 
     def runDoctest(self, callback):
-        files = {TESTMOD + ".py": (NOW, test_src),
-                 "xyz.txt": (NOW, ">>> log.append(True)\n")}
+        files = {TESTMOD + ".py": test_src,
+                 "xyz.txt": ">>> log.append(True)\n"}
         self.doTest(".py", files, TESTMOD, call=callback)
 
     def doDoctestFile(self, module):
@@ -763,29 +844,21 @@ def doTraceback(self, module):
             raise AssertionError("This ought to be impossible")
 
     def testTraceback(self):
-        files = {TESTMOD + ".py": (NOW, raise_src)}
+        files = {TESTMOD + ".py": raise_src}
         self.doTest(None, files, TESTMOD, call=self.doTraceback)
 
     @unittest.skipIf(os_helper.TESTFN_UNENCODABLE is None,
                      "need an unencodable filename")
     def testUnencodable(self):
         filename = os_helper.TESTFN_UNENCODABLE + ".zip"
-        self.addCleanup(os_helper.unlink, filename)
-        with ZipFile(filename, "w") as z:
-            zinfo = ZipInfo(TESTMOD + ".py", time.localtime(NOW))
-            zinfo.compress_type = self.compression
-            z.writestr(zinfo, test_src)
+        self.makeZip({TESTMOD + ".py": test_src}, filename)
         spec = zipimport.zipimporter(filename).find_spec(TESTMOD)
         mod = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec)
         spec.loader.exec_module(mod)
 
     def testBytesPath(self):
         filename = os_helper.TESTFN + ".zip"
-        self.addCleanup(os_helper.unlink, filename)
-        with ZipFile(filename, "w") as z:
-            zinfo = ZipInfo(TESTMOD + ".py", time.localtime(NOW))
-            zinfo.compress_type = self.compression
-            z.writestr(zinfo, test_src)
+        self.makeZip({TESTMOD + ".py": test_src}, filename)
 
         zipimport.zipimporter(filename)
         with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
@@ -796,21 +869,23 @@ def testBytesPath(self):
             zipimport.zipimporter(memoryview(os.fsencode(filename)))
 
     def testComment(self):
-        files = {TESTMOD + ".py": (NOW, test_src)}
+        files = {TESTMOD + ".py": test_src}
         self.doTest(".py", files, TESTMOD, comment=b"comment")
 
     def testBeginningCruftAndComment(self):
-        files = {TESTMOD + ".py": (NOW, test_src)}
+        files = {TESTMOD + ".py": test_src}
         self.doTest(".py", files, TESTMOD, stuff=b"cruft" * 64, comment=b"hi")
 
     def testLargestPossibleComment(self):
-        files = {TESTMOD + ".py": (NOW, test_src)}
+        files = {TESTMOD + ".py": test_src}
         self.doTest(".py", files, TESTMOD, comment=b"c" * ((1 << 16) - 1))
 
+    @support.requires_resource('cpu')
     def testZip64(self):
         files = self.getZip64Files()
         self.doTest(".py", files, "f6")
 
+    @support.requires_resource('cpu')
     def testZip64CruftAndComment(self):
         files = self.getZip64Files()
         self.doTest(".py", files, "f65536", comment=b"c" * ((1 << 16) - 1))
@@ -822,7 +897,7 @@ def testZip64LargeFile(self):
             "to run"
         )
 
-        # N.B.: We do alot of gymnastics below in the ZIP_STORED case to save
+        # N.B.: We do a lot of gymnastics below in the ZIP_STORED case to save
         # and reconstruct a sparse zip on systems that support sparse files.
         # Instead of creating a ~8GB zip file mainly consisting of null bytes
         # for every run of the test, we create the zip once and save off the
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_zlib.py b/Lib/test/test_zlib.py
index ef02c64f886f8a..8b4bb8750f8f5c 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_zlib.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_zlib.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 import pickle
 import random
 import sys
-from test.support import bigmemtest, _1G, _4G, skip_on_s390x
+from test.support import bigmemtest, _1G, _4G, is_s390x
 
 
 zlib = import_helper.import_module('zlib')
@@ -33,8 +33,9 @@ def _zlib_runtime_version_tuple(zlib_version=zlib.ZLIB_RUNTIME_VERSION):
 ZLIB_RUNTIME_VERSION_TUPLE = _zlib_runtime_version_tuple()
 
 
-# bpo-46623: On s390x, when a hardware accelerator is used, using different
-# ways to compress data with zlib can produce different compressed data.
+# bpo-46623: When a hardware accelerator is used (currently only on s390x),
+# using different ways to compress data with zlib can produce different
+# compressed data.
 # Simplified test_pair() code:
 #
 #   def func1(data):
@@ -57,8 +58,10 @@ def _zlib_runtime_version_tuple(zlib_version=zlib.ZLIB_RUNTIME_VERSION):
 #
 #   zlib.decompress(func1(data)) == zlib.decompress(func2(data)) == data
 #
-# Make the assumption that s390x always has an accelerator to simplify the skip
-# condition.
+# To simplify the skip condition, make the assumption that s390x always has an
+# accelerator, and nothing else has it.
+HW_ACCELERATED = is_s390x
+
 
 class VersionTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
@@ -223,12 +226,14 @@ def test_keywords(self):
                                          bufsize=zlib.DEF_BUF_SIZE),
                          HAMLET_SCENE)
 
-    @skip_on_s390x
     def test_speech128(self):
         # compress more data
         data = HAMLET_SCENE * 128
         x = zlib.compress(data)
-        self.assertEqual(zlib.compress(bytearray(data)), x)
+        # With hardware acceleration, the compressed bytes
+        # might not be identical.
+        if not HW_ACCELERATED:
+            self.assertEqual(zlib.compress(bytearray(data)), x)
         for ob in x, bytearray(x):
             self.assertEqual(zlib.decompress(ob), data)
 
@@ -275,7 +280,6 @@ def test_64bit_compress(self, size):
 
 class CompressObjectTestCase(BaseCompressTestCase, unittest.TestCase):
     # Test compression object
-    @skip_on_s390x
     def test_pair(self):
         # straightforward compress/decompress objects
         datasrc = HAMLET_SCENE * 128
@@ -286,7 +290,10 @@ def test_pair(self):
             x1 = co.compress(data)
             x2 = co.flush()
             self.assertRaises(zlib.error, co.flush) # second flush should not work
-            self.assertEqual(x1 + x2, datazip)
+            # With hardware acceleration, the compressed bytes might not
+            # be identical.
+            if not HW_ACCELERATED:
+                self.assertEqual(x1 + x2, datazip)
         for v1, v2 in ((x1, x2), (bytearray(x1), bytearray(x2))):
             dco = zlib.decompressobj()
             y1 = dco.decompress(v1 + v2)
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_zoneinfo/test_zoneinfo.py b/Lib/test/test_zoneinfo/test_zoneinfo.py
index 8bcd6d2e9951b9..8414721555731e 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_zoneinfo/test_zoneinfo.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_zoneinfo/test_zoneinfo.py
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 from datetime import date, datetime, time, timedelta, timezone
 from functools import cached_property
 
-from test.support import MISSING_C_DOCSTRINGS, requires_gil_enabled
+from test.support import MISSING_C_DOCSTRINGS
 from test.test_zoneinfo import _support as test_support
 from test.test_zoneinfo._support import OS_ENV_LOCK, TZPATH_TEST_LOCK, ZoneInfoTestBase
 from test.support.import_helper import import_module, CleanImport
@@ -1931,7 +1931,6 @@ def test_cache_location(self):
         self.assertFalse(hasattr(c_zoneinfo.ZoneInfo, "_weak_cache"))
         self.assertTrue(hasattr(py_zoneinfo.ZoneInfo, "_weak_cache"))
 
-    @requires_gil_enabled("gh-117783: types may be immortalized")
     def test_gc_tracked(self):
         import gc
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/translationdata/argparse/msgids.txt b/Lib/test/translationdata/argparse/msgids.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..f4d0a05635cfc1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/translationdata/argparse/msgids.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+ (default: %(default)s)
+%(heading)s:
+%(prog)s: error: %(message)s\n
+%(prog)s: warning: %(message)s\n
+%r is not callable
+'required' is an invalid argument for positionals
+.__call__() not defined
+ambiguous option: %(option)s could match %(matches)s
+argument "-" with mode %r
+argument %(argument_name)s: %(message)s
+argument '%(argument_name)s' is deprecated
+can't open '%(filename)s': %(error)s
+cannot have multiple subparser arguments
+cannot merge actions - two groups are named %r
+command '%(parser_name)s' is deprecated
+conflicting subparser alias: %s
+conflicting subparser: %s
+dest= is required for options like %r
+expected at least one argument
+expected at most one argument
+expected one argument
+ignored explicit argument %r
+invalid %(type)s value: %(value)r
+invalid choice: %(value)r (choose from %(choices)s)
+invalid choice: %(value)r, maybe you meant %(closest)r? (choose from %(choices)s)
+invalid conflict_resolution value: %r
+invalid option string %(option)r: must start with a character %(prefix_chars)r
+mutually exclusive arguments must be optional
+not allowed with argument %s
+one of the arguments %s is required
+option '%(option)s' is deprecated
+options
+positional arguments
+show program's version number and exit
+show this help message and exit
+subcommands
+the following arguments are required: %s
+unexpected option string: %s
+unknown parser %(parser_name)r (choices: %(choices)s)
+unrecognized arguments: %s
+usage: 
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Lib/test/typinganndata/ann_module.py b/Lib/test/typinganndata/ann_module.py
index 5081e6b58345a9..e1a1792cb4a867 100644
--- a/Lib/test/typinganndata/ann_module.py
+++ b/Lib/test/typinganndata/ann_module.py
@@ -8,8 +8,6 @@
 from typing import Optional
 from functools import wraps
 
-__annotations__[1] = 2
-
 class C:
 
     x = 5; y: Optional['C'] = None
@@ -18,8 +16,6 @@ class C:
 x: int = 5; y: str = x; f: Tuple[int, int]
 
 class M(type):
-
-    __annotations__['123'] = 123
     o: type = object
 
 (pars): bool = True
diff --git a/Lib/test/typinganndata/ann_module695.py b/Lib/test/typinganndata/ann_module695.py
index 2ede9fe382564f..b6f3b06bd5065f 100644
--- a/Lib/test/typinganndata/ann_module695.py
+++ b/Lib/test/typinganndata/ann_module695.py
@@ -17,6 +17,56 @@ class B[T, *Ts, **P]:
     z: P
 
 
+Eggs = int
+Spam = str
+
+
+class C[Eggs, **Spam]:
+    x: Eggs
+    y: Spam
+
+
 def generic_function[T, *Ts, **P](
     x: T, *y: *Ts, z: P.args, zz: P.kwargs
 ) -> None: ...
+
+
+def generic_function_2[Eggs, **Spam](x: Eggs, y: Spam): pass
+
+
+class D:
+    Foo = int
+    Bar = str
+
+    def generic_method[Foo, **Bar](
+        self, x: Foo, y: Bar
+    ) -> None: ...
+
+    def generic_method_2[Eggs, **Spam](self, x: Eggs, y: Spam): pass
+
+
+def nested():
+    from types import SimpleNamespace
+    from typing import get_type_hints
+
+    Eggs = bytes
+    Spam = memoryview
+
+
+    class E[Eggs, **Spam]:
+        x: Eggs
+        y: Spam
+
+        def generic_method[Eggs, **Spam](self, x: Eggs, y: Spam): pass
+
+
+    def generic_function[Eggs, **Spam](x: Eggs, y: Spam): pass
+
+
+    return SimpleNamespace(
+        E=E,
+        hints_for_E=get_type_hints(E),
+        hints_for_E_meth=get_type_hints(E.generic_method),
+        generic_func=generic_function,
+        hints_for_generic_func=get_type_hints(generic_function)
+    )
diff --git a/Lib/threading.py b/Lib/threading.py
index 31ab77c92b1c20..94ea2f08178369 100644
--- a/Lib/threading.py
+++ b/Lib/threading.py
@@ -336,7 +336,7 @@ def wait(self, timeout=None):
         awakened or timed out, it re-acquires the lock and returns.
 
         When the timeout argument is present and not None, it should be a
-        floating point number specifying a timeout for the operation in seconds
+        floating-point number specifying a timeout for the operation in seconds
         (or fractions thereof).
 
         When the underlying lock is an RLock, it is not released using its
@@ -646,7 +646,7 @@ def wait(self, timeout=None):
         the optional timeout occurs.
 
         When the timeout argument is present and not None, it should be a
-        floating point number specifying a timeout for the operation in seconds
+        floating-point number specifying a timeout for the operation in seconds
         (or fractions thereof).
 
         This method returns the internal flag on exit, so it will always return
@@ -689,6 +689,8 @@ def __init__(self, parties, action=None, timeout=None):
         default for all subsequent 'wait()' calls.
 
         """
+        if parties < 1:
+            raise ValueError("parties must be > 0")
         self._cond = Condition(Lock())
         self._action = action
         self._timeout = timeout
@@ -1059,7 +1061,7 @@ def join(self, timeout=None):
         or until the optional timeout occurs.
 
         When the timeout argument is present and not None, it should be a
-        floating point number specifying a timeout for the operation in seconds
+        floating-point number specifying a timeout for the operation in seconds
         (or fractions thereof). As join() always returns None, you must call
         is_alive() after join() to decide whether a timeout happened -- if the
         thread is still alive, the join() call timed out.
diff --git a/Lib/tkinter/__init__.py b/Lib/tkinter/__init__.py
index 5352276e874bf5..dd7b3e138f4236 100644
--- a/Lib/tkinter/__init__.py
+++ b/Lib/tkinter/__init__.py
@@ -295,6 +295,8 @@ def __repr__(self):
             ''.join(' %s=%s' % (k, attrs[k]) for k in keys if k in attrs)
         )
 
+    __class_getitem__ = classmethod(types.GenericAlias)
+
 
 _support_default_root = True
 _default_root = None
@@ -4490,7 +4492,7 @@ def data(self, format=None, *, from_coords=None,
         The FORMAT option specifies the name of the image file format
         handler to be used.  If this option is not given, this method uses
         a format that consists of a tuple (one element per row) of strings
-        containings space separated (one element per pixel/column) colors
+        containing space-separated (one element per pixel/column) colors
         in “#RRGGBB” format (where RR is a pair of hexadecimal digits for
         the red channel, GG for green, and BB for blue).
 
diff --git a/Lib/tkinter/simpledialog.py b/Lib/tkinter/simpledialog.py
index 0f0dc66460f798..6e5b025a9f9d7d 100644
--- a/Lib/tkinter/simpledialog.py
+++ b/Lib/tkinter/simpledialog.py
@@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ def askinteger(title, prompt, **kw):
 
 
 class _QueryFloat(_QueryDialog):
-    errormessage = "Not a floating point value."
+    errormessage = "Not a floating-point value."
 
     def getresult(self):
         return self.getdouble(self.entry.get())
diff --git a/Lib/tokenize.py b/Lib/tokenize.py
index 7f418bb7a1b37f..7ece4e9b70d31b 100644
--- a/Lib/tokenize.py
+++ b/Lib/tokenize.py
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ def escape_brackets(self, token):
                         characters[-2::-1]
                     )
                 )
-                if n_backslashes % 2 == 0:
+                if n_backslashes % 2 == 0 or characters[-1] != "N":
                     characters.append(character)
                 else:
                     consume_until_next_bracket = True
@@ -510,7 +510,7 @@ def error(message, filename=None, location=None):
         sys.exit(1)
 
     # Parse the arguments and options
-    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='python -m tokenize')
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
     parser.add_argument(dest='filename', nargs='?',
                         metavar='filename.py',
                         help='the file to tokenize; defaults to stdin')
diff --git a/Lib/tomllib/_parser.py b/Lib/tomllib/_parser.py
index 45ca7a89630f0e..5671326646ca5a 100644
--- a/Lib/tomllib/_parser.py
+++ b/Lib/tomllib/_parser.py
@@ -71,7 +71,12 @@ def loads(s: str, /, *, parse_float: ParseFloat = float) -> dict[str, Any]:  # n
 
     # The spec allows converting "\r\n" to "\n", even in string
     # literals. Let's do so to simplify parsing.
-    src = s.replace("\r\n", "\n")
+    try:
+        src = s.replace("\r\n", "\n")
+    except (AttributeError, TypeError):
+        raise TypeError(
+            f"Expected str object, not '{type(s).__qualname__}'"
+        ) from None
     pos = 0
     out = Output(NestedDict(), Flags())
     header: Key = ()
diff --git a/Lib/traceback.py b/Lib/traceback.py
index 6ee1a50ca6804a..f73149271b9bc9 100644
--- a/Lib/traceback.py
+++ b/Lib/traceback.py
@@ -698,6 +698,8 @@ def _should_show_carets(self, start_offset, end_offset, all_lines, anchors):
         with suppress(SyntaxError, ImportError):
             import ast
             tree = ast.parse('\n'.join(all_lines))
+            if not tree.body:
+                return False
             statement = tree.body[0]
             value = None
             def _spawns_full_line(value):
@@ -1292,11 +1294,15 @@ def _format_syntax_error(self, stype, **kwargs):
                 yield '    {}\n'.format(ltext)
             else:
                 offset = self.offset
-                end_offset = self.end_offset if self.end_offset not in {None, 0} else offset
+                if self.lineno == self.end_lineno:
+                    end_offset = self.end_offset if self.end_offset not in {None, 0} else offset
+                else:
+                    end_offset = len(rtext) + 1
+
                 if self.text and offset > len(self.text):
-                    offset = len(self.text) + 1
+                    offset = len(rtext) + 1
                 if self.text and end_offset > len(self.text):
-                    end_offset = len(self.text) + 1
+                    end_offset = len(rtext) + 1
                 if offset >= end_offset or end_offset < 0:
                     end_offset = offset + 1
 
@@ -1422,7 +1428,7 @@ def format(self, *, chain=True, _ctx=None, **kwargs):
                            f'+---------------- {title} ----------------\n')
                     _ctx.exception_group_depth += 1
                     if not truncated:
-                        yield from exc.exceptions[i].format(chain=chain, _ctx=_ctx)
+                        yield from exc.exceptions[i].format(chain=chain, _ctx=_ctx, colorize=colorize)
                     else:
                         remaining = num_excs - self.max_group_width
                         plural = 's' if remaining > 1 else ''
diff --git a/Lib/turtle.py b/Lib/turtle.py
index 7bfe81351b0b34..8a5801f2efe625 100644
--- a/Lib/turtle.py
+++ b/Lib/turtle.py
@@ -106,6 +106,7 @@
 import sys
 
 from os.path import isfile, split, join
+from pathlib import Path
 from copy import deepcopy
 from tkinter import simpledialog
 
@@ -115,7 +116,7 @@
         'clearscreen', 'colormode', 'delay', 'exitonclick', 'getcanvas',
         'getshapes', 'listen', 'mainloop', 'mode', 'numinput',
         'onkey', 'onkeypress', 'onkeyrelease', 'onscreenclick', 'ontimer',
-        'register_shape', 'resetscreen', 'screensize', 'setup',
+        'register_shape', 'resetscreen', 'screensize', 'save', 'setup',
         'setworldcoordinates', 'textinput', 'title', 'tracer', 'turtles', 'update',
         'window_height', 'window_width']
 _tg_turtle_functions = ['back', 'backward', 'begin_fill', 'begin_poly', 'bk',
@@ -1492,6 +1493,39 @@ def screensize(self, canvwidth=None, canvheight=None, bg=None):
         """
         return self._resize(canvwidth, canvheight, bg)
 
+    def save(self, filename, *, overwrite=False):
+        """Save the drawing as a PostScript file
+
+        Arguments:
+        filename -- a string, the path of the created file.
+                    Must end with '.ps' or '.eps'.
+
+        Optional arguments:
+        overwrite -- boolean, if true, then existing files will be overwritten
+
+        Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen):
+        >>> screen.save('my_drawing.eps')
+        """
+        filename = Path(filename)
+        if not filename.parent.exists():
+            raise FileNotFoundError(
+                f"The directory '{filename.parent}' does not exist."
+                " Cannot save to it."
+            )
+        if not overwrite and filename.exists():
+            raise FileExistsError(
+                f"The file '{filename}' already exists. To overwrite it use"
+                " the 'overwrite=True' argument of the save function."
+            )
+        if (ext := filename.suffix) not in {".ps", ".eps"}:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Unknown file extension: '{ext}',"
+                 " must be one of {'.ps', '.eps'}"
+            )
+
+        postscript = self.cv.postscript()
+        filename.write_text(postscript)
+
     onscreenclick = onclick
     resetscreen = reset
     clearscreen = clear
@@ -1718,7 +1752,7 @@ def xcor(self):
         >>> reset()
         >>> turtle.left(60)
         >>> turtle.forward(100)
-        >>> print turtle.xcor()
+        >>> print(turtle.xcor())
         50.0
         """
         return self._position[0]
@@ -1732,7 +1766,7 @@ def ycor(self):
         >>> reset()
         >>> turtle.left(60)
         >>> turtle.forward(100)
-        >>> print turtle.ycor()
+        >>> print(turtle.ycor())
         86.6025403784
         """
         return self._position[1]
@@ -2335,7 +2369,7 @@ def isvisible(self):
 
         Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
         >>> turtle.hideturtle()
-        >>> print turtle.isvisible():
+        >>> print(turtle.isvisible())
         False
         """
         return self._shown
diff --git a/Lib/turtledemo/__main__.py b/Lib/turtledemo/__main__.py
index 06a64081a896b5..9c15916fb6672e 100644
--- a/Lib/turtledemo/__main__.py
+++ b/Lib/turtledemo/__main__.py
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ def makeTextFrame(self, root):
 
         self.vbar = vbar = Scrollbar(text_frame, name='vbar')
         vbar['command'] = text.yview
-        vbar.pack(side=LEFT, fill=Y)
+        vbar.pack(side=RIGHT, fill=Y)
         self.hbar = hbar = Scrollbar(text_frame, name='hbar', orient=HORIZONTAL)
         hbar['command'] = text.xview
         hbar.pack(side=BOTTOM, fill=X)
@@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ def configGUI(self, start, stop, clear, txt="", color="blue"):
         self.output_lbl.config(text=txt, fg=color)
 
     def makeLoadDemoMenu(self, master):
-        menu = Menu(master)
+        menu = Menu(master, tearoff=1)  # TJR: leave this one.
 
         for entry in getExampleEntries():
             def load(entry=entry):
@@ -302,7 +302,7 @@ def load(entry=entry):
         return menu
 
     def makeFontMenu(self, master):
-        menu = Menu(master)
+        menu = Menu(master, tearoff=0)
         menu.add_command(label="Decrease (C-'-')", command=self.decrease_size,
                          font=menufont)
         menu.add_command(label="Increase (C-'+')", command=self.increase_size,
@@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ def resize(size=size):
         return menu
 
     def makeHelpMenu(self, master):
-        menu = Menu(master)
+        menu = Menu(master, tearoff=0)
 
         for help_label, help_file in help_entries:
             def show(help_label=help_label, help_file=help_file):
diff --git a/Lib/turtledemo/bytedesign.py b/Lib/turtledemo/bytedesign.py
index 476cdaabfceab1..a5d76a6b6ff295 100644
--- a/Lib/turtledemo/bytedesign.py
+++ b/Lib/turtledemo/bytedesign.py
@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
-"""      turtle-example-suite:
-
-        tdemo_bytedesign.py
+"""turtledemo/bytedesign.py
 
 An example adapted from the example-suite
 of PythonCard's turtle graphics.
diff --git a/Lib/turtledemo/chaos.py b/Lib/turtledemo/chaos.py
index 6a45d0d807ef0b..b25f0fa42c901d 100644
--- a/Lib/turtledemo/chaos.py
+++ b/Lib/turtledemo/chaos.py
@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
-# File: tdemo_chaos.py
-# Author: Gregor Lingl
-# Date: 2009-06-24
-
-# A demonstration of chaos
+"""turtledemo/chaos.py
 
+A demonstration of chaos.
+"""
 from turtle import *
 
 N = 80
diff --git a/Lib/turtledemo/clock.py b/Lib/turtledemo/clock.py
index fd3b3992d466bf..8b639066c4f440 100644
--- a/Lib/turtledemo/clock.py
+++ b/Lib/turtledemo/clock.py
@@ -1,17 +1,14 @@
-# -*- coding: cp1252 -*-
-"""       turtle-example-suite:
-
-             tdemo_clock.py
+"""turtledemo/clock.py
 
 Enhanced clock-program, showing date
-and time
-  ------------------------------------
-   Press STOP to exit the program!
-  ------------------------------------
+and time.
 """
 from turtle import *
 from datetime import datetime
 
+dtfont = "TkFixedFont", 14, "bold"
+current_day = None
+
 def jump(distanz, winkel=0):
     penup()
     right(winkel)
@@ -52,11 +49,23 @@ def clockface(radius):
             jump(-radius)
         rt(6)
 
+def display_date_time():
+    global current_day
+    writer.clear()
+    now = datetime.now()
+    current_day = now.day
+    writer.home()
+    writer.forward(distance=65)
+    writer.write(wochentag(now), align="center", font=dtfont)
+    writer.back(distance=150)
+    writer.write(datum(now), align="center", font=dtfont)
+    writer.forward(distance=85)
+
 def setup():
     global second_hand, minute_hand, hour_hand, writer
     mode("logo")
     make_hand_shape("second_hand", 125, 25)
-    make_hand_shape("minute_hand",  130, 25)
+    make_hand_shape("minute_hand",  115, 25)
     make_hand_shape("hour_hand", 90, 25)
     clockface(160)
     second_hand = Turtle()
@@ -74,10 +83,10 @@ def setup():
         hand.speed(0)
     ht()
     writer = Turtle()
-    #writer.mode("logo")
     writer.ht()
     writer.pu()
     writer.bk(85)
+    display_date_time()
 
 def wochentag(t):
     wochentag = ["Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday",
@@ -99,18 +108,11 @@ def tick():
     stunde = t.hour + minute/60.0
     try:
         tracer(False)  # Terminator can occur here
-        writer.clear()
-        writer.home()
-        writer.forward(65)
-        writer.write(wochentag(t),
-                     align="center", font=("Courier", 14, "bold"))
-        writer.back(150)
-        writer.write(datum(t),
-                     align="center", font=("Courier", 14, "bold"))
-        writer.forward(85)
         second_hand.setheading(6*sekunde)  # or here
         minute_hand.setheading(6*minute)
         hour_hand.setheading(30*stunde)
+        if t.day != current_day:
+            display_date_time()
         tracer(True)
         ontimer(tick, 100)
     except Terminator:
diff --git a/Lib/turtledemo/colormixer.py b/Lib/turtledemo/colormixer.py
index 448db83361a649..f66012c8154317 100644
--- a/Lib/turtledemo/colormixer.py
+++ b/Lib/turtledemo/colormixer.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-# colormixer
-
+"""turtledemo/colormixer.py"""
 from turtle import Screen, Turtle, mainloop
 
 class ColorTurtle(Turtle):
diff --git a/Lib/turtledemo/forest.py b/Lib/turtledemo/forest.py
index cac553223828db..e1fa85a577ffce 100644
--- a/Lib/turtledemo/forest.py
+++ b/Lib/turtledemo/forest.py
@@ -1,14 +1,11 @@
-"""     turtlegraphics-example-suite:
+"""turtledemo/forest.py
 
-             tdemo_forest.py
+Displays a 'forest' of 3 breadth-first trees,
+similar to the one in tree.py.
+For further details, see tree.py.
 
-Displays a 'forest' of 3 breadth-first-trees
-similar to the one in tree.
-For further remarks see tree.py
-
-This example is a 'breadth-first'-rewrite of
-a Logo program written by Erich Neuwirth. See
-http://homepage.univie.ac.at/erich.neuwirth/
+This example is a breadth-first rewrite of
+a Logo program by Erich Neuwirth.
 """
 from turtle import Turtle, colormode, tracer, mainloop
 from random import randrange
diff --git a/Lib/turtledemo/fractalcurves.py b/Lib/turtledemo/fractalcurves.py
index fda193e06fedee..2d0a506a4f5b9f 100644
--- a/Lib/turtledemo/fractalcurves.py
+++ b/Lib/turtledemo/fractalcurves.py
@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
-"""      turtle-example-suite:
-
-        tdemo_fractalCurves.py
+"""turtledemo/fractalcurves.py
 
 This program draws two fractal-curve-designs:
 (1) A hilbert curve (in a box)
diff --git a/Lib/turtledemo/lindenmayer.py b/Lib/turtledemo/lindenmayer.py
index 7c7a84796c3c28..eb309afb9381b1 100644
--- a/Lib/turtledemo/lindenmayer.py
+++ b/Lib/turtledemo/lindenmayer.py
@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
-"""       turtle-example-suite:
-
-        xtx_lindenmayer_indian.py
+"""turtledemo/lindenmayer.py
 
 Each morning women in Tamil Nadu, in southern
 India, place designs, created by using rice
diff --git a/Lib/turtledemo/minimal_hanoi.py b/Lib/turtledemo/minimal_hanoi.py
index 08d8b630fec3b4..e44330eaaf7f18 100644
--- a/Lib/turtledemo/minimal_hanoi.py
+++ b/Lib/turtledemo/minimal_hanoi.py
@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
-"""       turtle-example-suite:
-
-         tdemo_minimal_hanoi.py
+"""turtledemo/minimal_hanoi.py
 
 A minimal 'Towers of Hanoi' animation:
 A tower of 6 discs is transferred from the
@@ -12,9 +10,6 @@
 
 Discs are turtles with shape "square", but
 stretched to rectangles by shapesize()
- ---------------------------------------
-       To exit press STOP button
- ---------------------------------------
 """
 from turtle import *
 
diff --git a/Lib/turtledemo/nim.py b/Lib/turtledemo/nim.py
index 9ae6cc5c01b903..f87c479714d662 100644
--- a/Lib/turtledemo/nim.py
+++ b/Lib/turtledemo/nim.py
@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
-"""      turtle-example-suite:
-
-            tdemo_nim.py
+"""turtledemo/nim.py
 
 Play nim against the computer. The player
 who takes the last stick is the winner.
diff --git a/Lib/turtledemo/paint.py b/Lib/turtledemo/paint.py
index 6e63d004454589..780300fb2da9d1 100644
--- a/Lib/turtledemo/paint.py
+++ b/Lib/turtledemo/paint.py
@@ -1,12 +1,9 @@
-"""       turtle-example-suite:
+"""turtledemo/paint.py
 
-            tdemo_paint.py
-
-A simple  event-driven paint program
-
-- left mouse button moves turtle
-- middle mouse button changes color
-- right mouse button toggles between pen up
+A simple  event-driven paint program.
+- Left mouse button moves turtle.
+- Middle mouse button changes color.
+- Right mouse button toggles between pen up
 (no line drawn when the turtle moves) and
 pen down (line is drawn). If pen up follows
 at least two pen-down moves, the polygon that
@@ -14,8 +11,6 @@
  -------------------------------------------
  Play around by clicking into the canvas
  using all three mouse buttons.
- -------------------------------------------
-          To exit press STOP button
  -------------------------------------------
 """
 from turtle import *
diff --git a/Lib/turtledemo/peace.py b/Lib/turtledemo/peace.py
index fd6abe390ef198..d86c94a48a2472 100644
--- a/Lib/turtledemo/peace.py
+++ b/Lib/turtledemo/peace.py
@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
-"""       turtle-example-suite:
-
-              tdemo_peace.py
+"""turtledemo/peace.py
 
 A simple drawing suitable as a beginner's
 programming example. Aside from the
diff --git a/Lib/turtledemo/penrose.py b/Lib/turtledemo/penrose.py
index ac12c899d3844e..ceaefedac24a67 100644
--- a/Lib/turtledemo/penrose.py
+++ b/Lib/turtledemo/penrose.py
@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
-"""       xturtle-example-suite:
-
-          xtx_kites_and_darts.py
+"""turtledemo/penrose.py
 
 Constructs two aperiodic penrose-tilings,
 consisting of kites and darts, by the method
@@ -11,7 +9,7 @@
 consisting of five darts.
 
 For more information see:
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penrose_tiling
+ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penrose_tiling
  -------------------------------------------
 """
 from turtle import *
diff --git a/Lib/turtledemo/planet_and_moon.py b/Lib/turtledemo/planet_and_moon.py
index c0e2c5b79e173e..571afcf922103f 100644
--- a/Lib/turtledemo/planet_and_moon.py
+++ b/Lib/turtledemo/planet_and_moon.py
@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
-"""       turtle-example-suite:
-
-        tdemo_planets_and_moon.py
+"""turtledemo/planets_and_moon.py
 
 Gravitational system simulation using the
 approximation method from Feynman-lectures,
diff --git a/Lib/turtledemo/rosette.py b/Lib/turtledemo/rosette.py
index 47d0f00e9da9d1..48897a620f9d8b 100644
--- a/Lib/turtledemo/rosette.py
+++ b/Lib/turtledemo/rosette.py
@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
-"""      turtle-example-suite:
-
-          tdemo_wikipedia3.py
+"""turtledemo/rosette.py
 
 This example is
 inspired by the Wikipedia article on turtle
diff --git a/Lib/turtledemo/round_dance.py b/Lib/turtledemo/round_dance.py
index 10383614c6e974..9da6389b213207 100644
--- a/Lib/turtledemo/round_dance.py
+++ b/Lib/turtledemo/round_dance.py
@@ -1,9 +1,4 @@
-"""      turtle-example-suite:
-
-         tdemo_round_dance.py
-
-(Needs version 1.1 of the turtle module that
-comes with Python 3.1)
+"""turtledemo/round_dance.py
 
 Dancing turtles have a compound shape
 consisting of a series of triangles of
diff --git a/Lib/turtledemo/sorting_animate.py b/Lib/turtledemo/sorting_animate.py
index 55735cd7001278..e0a2877cd5d621 100644
--- a/Lib/turtledemo/sorting_animate.py
+++ b/Lib/turtledemo/sorting_animate.py
@@ -1,18 +1,13 @@
-"""
-
-         sorting_animation.py
+"""turtledemo/sorting_animation.py
 
 A minimal sorting algorithm animation:
 Sorts a shelf of 10 blocks using insertion
 sort, selection sort and quicksort.
 
-Shelfs are implemented using builtin lists.
+Shelves are implemented using builtin lists.
 
 Blocks are turtles with shape "square", but
 stretched to rectangles by shapesize()
- ---------------------------------------
-       To exit press space button
- ---------------------------------------
 """
 from turtle import *
 import random
diff --git a/Lib/turtledemo/tree.py b/Lib/turtledemo/tree.py
index 12729e23688a48..6ad8fcc854a155 100644
--- a/Lib/turtledemo/tree.py
+++ b/Lib/turtledemo/tree.py
@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
-"""      turtle-example-suite:
-
-             tdemo_tree.py
+"""turtledemo/tree.py
 
 Displays a 'breadth-first-tree' - in contrast
 to the classical Logo tree drawing programs,
diff --git a/Lib/turtledemo/two_canvases.py b/Lib/turtledemo/two_canvases.py
index f3602585ab0592..2c8020378edf1b 100644
--- a/Lib/turtledemo/two_canvases.py
+++ b/Lib/turtledemo/two_canvases.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-"""turtledemo.two_canvases
+"""turtledemo/two_canvases.py
 
 Use TurtleScreen and RawTurtle to draw on two
 distinct canvases in a separate window. The
diff --git a/Lib/turtledemo/yinyang.py b/Lib/turtledemo/yinyang.py
index 791060d17e6b6a..6e92d4bf739194 100644
--- a/Lib/turtledemo/yinyang.py
+++ b/Lib/turtledemo/yinyang.py
@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
-"""       turtle-example-suite:
-
-            tdemo_yinyang.py
+"""turtledemo/yinyang.py
 
 Another drawing suitable as a beginner's
 programming example.
diff --git a/Lib/typing.py b/Lib/typing.py
index be49aa63464f05..c924c767042552 100644
--- a/Lib/typing.py
+++ b/Lib/typing.py
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@
 """
 
 from abc import abstractmethod, ABCMeta
+import annotationlib
+from annotationlib import ForwardRef
 import collections
 from collections import defaultdict
 import collections.abc
@@ -27,7 +29,7 @@
 import operator
 import sys
 import types
-from types import WrapperDescriptorType, MethodWrapperType, MethodDescriptorType, GenericAlias
+from types import GenericAlias
 
 from _typing import (
     _idfunc,
@@ -125,6 +127,7 @@
     'cast',
     'clear_overloads',
     'dataclass_transform',
+    'evaluate_forward_ref',
     'final',
     'get_args',
     'get_origin',
@@ -165,7 +168,7 @@ def _type_convert(arg, module=None, *, allow_special_forms=False):
     if arg is None:
         return type(None)
     if isinstance(arg, str):
-        return ForwardRef(arg, module=module, is_class=allow_special_forms)
+        return _make_forward_ref(arg, module=module, is_class=allow_special_forms)
     return arg
 
 
@@ -239,21 +242,10 @@ def _type_repr(obj):
     typically enough to uniquely identify a type.  For everything
     else, we fall back on repr(obj).
     """
-    # When changing this function, don't forget about
-    # `_collections_abc._type_repr`, which does the same thing
-    # and must be consistent with this one.
-    if isinstance(obj, type):
-        if obj.__module__ == 'builtins':
-            return obj.__qualname__
-        return f'{obj.__module__}.{obj.__qualname__}'
-    if obj is ...:
-        return '...'
-    if isinstance(obj, types.FunctionType):
-        return obj.__name__
     if isinstance(obj, tuple):
         # Special case for `repr` of types with `ParamSpec`:
         return '[' + ', '.join(_type_repr(t) for t in obj) + ']'
-    return repr(obj)
+    return annotationlib.value_to_string(obj)
 
 
 def _collect_type_parameters(args, *, enforce_default_ordering: bool = True):
@@ -459,7 +451,8 @@ def __repr__(self):
 _sentinel = _Sentinel()
 
 
-def _eval_type(t, globalns, localns, type_params=_sentinel, *, recursive_guard=frozenset()):
+def _eval_type(t, globalns, localns, type_params=_sentinel, *, recursive_guard=frozenset(),
+               format=annotationlib.Format.VALUE, owner=None):
     """Evaluate all forward references in the given type t.
 
     For use of globalns and localns see the docstring for get_type_hints().
@@ -470,11 +463,17 @@ def _eval_type(t, globalns, localns, type_params=_sentinel, *, recursive_guard=f
         _deprecation_warning_for_no_type_params_passed("typing._eval_type")
         type_params = ()
     if isinstance(t, ForwardRef):
-        return t._evaluate(globalns, localns, type_params, recursive_guard=recursive_guard)
+        # If the forward_ref has __forward_module__ set, evaluate() infers the globals
+        # from the module, and it will probably pick better than the globals we have here.
+        if t.__forward_module__ is not None:
+            globalns = None
+        return evaluate_forward_ref(t, globals=globalns, locals=localns,
+                                    type_params=type_params, owner=owner,
+                                    _recursive_guard=recursive_guard, format=format)
     if isinstance(t, (_GenericAlias, GenericAlias, types.UnionType)):
         if isinstance(t, GenericAlias):
             args = tuple(
-                ForwardRef(arg) if isinstance(arg, str) else arg
+                _make_forward_ref(arg) if isinstance(arg, str) else arg
                 for arg in t.__args__
             )
             is_unpacked = t.__unpacked__
@@ -487,7 +486,8 @@ def _eval_type(t, globalns, localns, type_params=_sentinel, *, recursive_guard=f
 
         ev_args = tuple(
             _eval_type(
-                a, globalns, localns, type_params, recursive_guard=recursive_guard
+                a, globalns, localns, type_params, recursive_guard=recursive_guard,
+                format=format, owner=owner,
             )
             for a in t.__args__
         )
@@ -1011,102 +1011,77 @@ def run(arg: Child | Unrelated):
     return _GenericAlias(self, (item,))
 
 
-class ForwardRef(_Final, _root=True):
-    """Internal wrapper to hold a forward reference."""
-
-    __slots__ = ('__forward_arg__', '__forward_code__',
-                 '__forward_evaluated__', '__forward_value__',
-                 '__forward_is_argument__', '__forward_is_class__',
-                 '__forward_module__')
-
-    def __init__(self, arg, is_argument=True, module=None, *, is_class=False):
-        if not isinstance(arg, str):
-            raise TypeError(f"Forward reference must be a string -- got {arg!r}")
-
-        # If we do `def f(*args: *Ts)`, then we'll have `arg = '*Ts'`.
-        # Unfortunately, this isn't a valid expression on its own, so we
-        # do the unpacking manually.
-        if arg.startswith('*'):
-            arg_to_compile = f'({arg},)[0]'  # E.g. (*Ts,)[0] or (*tuple[int, int],)[0]
-        else:
-            arg_to_compile = arg
-        try:
-            code = compile(arg_to_compile, '<string>', 'eval')
-        except SyntaxError:
-            raise SyntaxError(f"Forward reference must be an expression -- got {arg!r}")
-
-        self.__forward_arg__ = arg
-        self.__forward_code__ = code
-        self.__forward_evaluated__ = False
-        self.__forward_value__ = None
-        self.__forward_is_argument__ = is_argument
-        self.__forward_is_class__ = is_class
-        self.__forward_module__ = module
-
-    def _evaluate(self, globalns, localns, type_params=_sentinel, *, recursive_guard):
-        if type_params is _sentinel:
-            _deprecation_warning_for_no_type_params_passed("typing.ForwardRef._evaluate")
-            type_params = ()
-        if self.__forward_arg__ in recursive_guard:
-            return self
-        if not self.__forward_evaluated__ or localns is not globalns:
-            if globalns is None and localns is None:
-                globalns = localns = {}
-            elif globalns is None:
-                globalns = localns
-            elif localns is None:
-                localns = globalns
-            if self.__forward_module__ is not None:
-                globalns = getattr(
-                    sys.modules.get(self.__forward_module__, None), '__dict__', globalns
-                )
-            if type_params:
-                # "Inject" type parameters into the local namespace
-                # (unless they are shadowed by assignments *in* the local namespace),
-                # as a way of emulating annotation scopes when calling `eval()`
-                locals_to_pass = {param.__name__: param for param in type_params} | localns
-            else:
-                locals_to_pass = localns
-            type_ = _type_check(
-                eval(self.__forward_code__, globalns, locals_to_pass),
-                "Forward references must evaluate to types.",
-                is_argument=self.__forward_is_argument__,
-                allow_special_forms=self.__forward_is_class__,
-            )
-            self.__forward_value__ = _eval_type(
-                type_,
-                globalns,
-                localns,
-                type_params,
-                recursive_guard=(recursive_guard | {self.__forward_arg__}),
-            )
-            self.__forward_evaluated__ = True
-        return self.__forward_value__
-
-    def __eq__(self, other):
-        if not isinstance(other, ForwardRef):
-            return NotImplemented
-        if self.__forward_evaluated__ and other.__forward_evaluated__:
-            return (self.__forward_arg__ == other.__forward_arg__ and
-                    self.__forward_value__ == other.__forward_value__)
-        return (self.__forward_arg__ == other.__forward_arg__ and
-                self.__forward_module__ == other.__forward_module__)
+def _make_forward_ref(code, **kwargs):
+    forward_ref = ForwardRef(code, **kwargs)
+    # For compatibility, eagerly compile the forwardref's code.
+    forward_ref.__forward_code__
+    return forward_ref
 
-    def __hash__(self):
-        return hash((self.__forward_arg__, self.__forward_module__))
 
-    def __or__(self, other):
-        return Union[self, other]
+def evaluate_forward_ref(
+    forward_ref,
+    *,
+    owner=None,
+    globals=None,
+    locals=None,
+    type_params=None,
+    format=annotationlib.Format.VALUE,
+    _recursive_guard=frozenset(),
+):
+    """Evaluate a forward reference as a type hint.
+
+    This is similar to calling the ForwardRef.evaluate() method,
+    but unlike that method, evaluate_forward_ref() also:
+
+    * Recursively evaluates forward references nested within the type hint.
+    * Rejects certain objects that are not valid type hints.
+    * Replaces type hints that evaluate to None with types.NoneType.
+    * Supports the *FORWARDREF* and *STRING* formats.
+
+    *forward_ref* must be an instance of ForwardRef. *owner*, if given,
+    should be the object that holds the annotations that the forward reference
+    derived from, such as a module, class object, or function. It is used to
+    infer the namespaces to use for looking up names. *globals* and *locals*
+    can also be explicitly given to provide the global and local namespaces.
+    *type_params* is a tuple of type parameters that are in scope when
+    evaluating the forward reference. This parameter must be provided (though
+    it may be an empty tuple) if *owner* is not given and the forward reference
+    does not already have an owner set. *format* specifies the format of the
+    annotation and is a member of the annotationlib.Format enum.
 
-    def __ror__(self, other):
-        return Union[other, self]
+    """
+    if type_params is _sentinel:
+        _deprecation_warning_for_no_type_params_passed("typing.evaluate_forward_ref")
+        type_params = ()
+    if format == annotationlib.Format.STRING:
+        return forward_ref.__forward_arg__
+    if forward_ref.__forward_arg__ in _recursive_guard:
+        return forward_ref
 
-    def __repr__(self):
-        if self.__forward_module__ is None:
-            module_repr = ''
+    try:
+        value = forward_ref.evaluate(globals=globals, locals=locals,
+                                     type_params=type_params, owner=owner)
+    except NameError:
+        if format == annotationlib.Format.FORWARDREF:
+            return forward_ref
         else:
-            module_repr = f', module={self.__forward_module__!r}'
-        return f'ForwardRef({self.__forward_arg__!r}{module_repr})'
+            raise
+
+    type_ = _type_check(
+        value,
+        "Forward references must evaluate to types.",
+        is_argument=forward_ref.__forward_is_argument__,
+        allow_special_forms=forward_ref.__forward_is_class__,
+    )
+    return _eval_type(
+        type_,
+        globals,
+        locals,
+        type_params,
+        recursive_guard=_recursive_guard | {forward_ref.__forward_arg__},
+        format=format,
+        owner=owner,
+    )
 
 
 def _is_unpacked_typevartuple(x: Any) -> bool:
@@ -2187,7 +2162,7 @@ class _AnnotatedAlias(_NotIterable, _GenericAlias, _root=True):
     """Runtime representation of an annotated type.
 
     At its core 'Annotated[t, dec1, dec2, ...]' is an alias for the type 't'
-    with extra annotations. The alias behaves like a normal typing alias.
+    with extra metadata. The alias behaves like a normal typing alias.
     Instantiating is the same as instantiating the underlying type; binding
     it to types is also the same.
 
@@ -2366,12 +2341,8 @@ def greet(name: str) -> None:
     return val
 
 
-_allowed_types = (types.FunctionType, types.BuiltinFunctionType,
-                  types.MethodType, types.ModuleType,
-                  WrapperDescriptorType, MethodWrapperType, MethodDescriptorType)
-
-
-def get_type_hints(obj, globalns=None, localns=None, include_extras=False):
+def get_type_hints(obj, globalns=None, localns=None, include_extras=False,
+                   *, format=annotationlib.Format.VALUE):
     """Return type hints for an object.
 
     This is often the same as obj.__annotations__, but it handles
@@ -2408,13 +2379,14 @@ def get_type_hints(obj, globalns=None, localns=None, include_extras=False):
     if isinstance(obj, type):
         hints = {}
         for base in reversed(obj.__mro__):
+            ann = annotationlib.get_annotations(base, format=format)
+            if format is annotationlib.Format.STRING:
+                hints.update(ann)
+                continue
             if globalns is None:
                 base_globals = getattr(sys.modules.get(base.__module__, None), '__dict__', {})
             else:
                 base_globals = globalns
-            ann = base.__dict__.get('__annotations__', {})
-            if isinstance(ann, types.GetSetDescriptorType):
-                ann = {}
             base_locals = dict(vars(base)) if localns is None else localns
             if localns is None and globalns is None:
                 # This is surprising, but required.  Before Python 3.10,
@@ -2428,10 +2400,26 @@ def get_type_hints(obj, globalns=None, localns=None, include_extras=False):
                 if value is None:
                     value = type(None)
                 if isinstance(value, str):
-                    value = ForwardRef(value, is_argument=False, is_class=True)
-                value = _eval_type(value, base_globals, base_locals, base.__type_params__)
+                    value = _make_forward_ref(value, is_argument=False, is_class=True)
+                value = _eval_type(value, base_globals, base_locals, base.__type_params__,
+                                   format=format, owner=obj)
                 hints[name] = value
-        return hints if include_extras else {k: _strip_annotations(t) for k, t in hints.items()}
+        if include_extras or format is annotationlib.Format.STRING:
+            return hints
+        else:
+            return {k: _strip_annotations(t) for k, t in hints.items()}
+
+    hints = annotationlib.get_annotations(obj, format=format)
+    if (
+        not hints
+        and not isinstance(obj, types.ModuleType)
+        and not callable(obj)
+        and not hasattr(obj, '__annotations__')
+        and not hasattr(obj, '__annotate__')
+    ):
+        raise TypeError(f"{obj!r} is not a module, class, or callable.")
+    if format is annotationlib.Format.STRING:
+        return hints
 
     if globalns is None:
         if isinstance(obj, types.ModuleType):
@@ -2446,15 +2434,6 @@ def get_type_hints(obj, globalns=None, localns=None, include_extras=False):
             localns = globalns
     elif localns is None:
         localns = globalns
-    hints = getattr(obj, '__annotations__', None)
-    if hints is None:
-        # Return empty annotations for something that _could_ have them.
-        if isinstance(obj, _allowed_types):
-            return {}
-        else:
-            raise TypeError('{!r} is not a module, class, method, '
-                            'or function.'.format(obj))
-    hints = dict(hints)
     type_params = getattr(obj, "__type_params__", ())
     for name, value in hints.items():
         if value is None:
@@ -2462,12 +2441,12 @@ def get_type_hints(obj, globalns=None, localns=None, include_extras=False):
         if isinstance(value, str):
             # class-level forward refs were handled above, this must be either
             # a module-level annotation or a function argument annotation
-            value = ForwardRef(
+            value = _make_forward_ref(
                 value,
                 is_argument=not isinstance(obj, types.ModuleType),
                 is_class=False,
             )
-        hints[name] = _eval_type(value, globalns, localns, type_params)
+        hints[name] = _eval_type(value, globalns, localns, type_params, format=format, owner=obj)
     return hints if include_extras else {k: _strip_annotations(t) for k, t in hints.items()}
 
 
@@ -2944,22 +2923,30 @@ def __round__(self, ndigits: int = 0) -> T:
         pass
 
 
-def _make_nmtuple(name, types, module, defaults = ()):
-    fields = [n for n, t in types]
-    types = {n: _type_check(t, f"field {n} annotation must be a type")
-             for n, t in types}
+def _make_nmtuple(name, fields, annotate_func, module, defaults = ()):
     nm_tpl = collections.namedtuple(name, fields,
                                     defaults=defaults, module=module)
-    nm_tpl.__annotations__ = nm_tpl.__new__.__annotations__ = types
+    nm_tpl.__annotate__ = nm_tpl.__new__.__annotate__ = annotate_func
     return nm_tpl
 
 
+def _make_eager_annotate(types):
+    checked_types = {key: _type_check(val, f"field {key} annotation must be a type")
+                     for key, val in types.items()}
+    def annotate(format):
+        if format in (annotationlib.Format.VALUE, annotationlib.Format.FORWARDREF):
+            return checked_types
+        else:
+            return annotationlib.annotations_to_string(types)
+    return annotate
+
+
 # attributes prohibited to set in NamedTuple class syntax
 _prohibited = frozenset({'__new__', '__init__', '__slots__', '__getnewargs__',
                          '_fields', '_field_defaults',
                          '_make', '_replace', '_asdict', '_source'})
 
-_special = frozenset({'__module__', '__name__', '__annotations__'})
+_special = frozenset({'__module__', '__name__', '__annotations__', '__annotate__'})
 
 
 class NamedTupleMeta(type):
@@ -2970,9 +2957,31 @@ def __new__(cls, typename, bases, ns):
                 raise TypeError(
                     'can only inherit from a NamedTuple type and Generic')
         bases = tuple(tuple if base is _NamedTuple else base for base in bases)
-        types = ns.get('__annotations__', {})
+        if "__annotations__" in ns:
+            types = ns["__annotations__"]
+            field_names = list(types)
+            annotate = _make_eager_annotate(types)
+        elif "__annotate__" in ns:
+            original_annotate = ns["__annotate__"]
+            types = annotationlib.call_annotate_function(original_annotate, annotationlib.Format.FORWARDREF)
+            field_names = list(types)
+
+            # For backward compatibility, type-check all the types at creation time
+            for typ in types.values():
+                _type_check(typ, "field annotation must be a type")
+
+            def annotate(format):
+                annos = annotationlib.call_annotate_function(original_annotate, format)
+                if format != annotationlib.Format.STRING:
+                    return {key: _type_check(val, f"field {key} annotation must be a type")
+                            for key, val in annos.items()}
+                return annos
+        else:
+            # Empty NamedTuple
+            field_names = []
+            annotate = lambda format: {}
         default_names = []
-        for field_name in types:
+        for field_name in field_names:
             if field_name in ns:
                 default_names.append(field_name)
             elif default_names:
@@ -2980,7 +2989,7 @@ def __new__(cls, typename, bases, ns):
                                 f"cannot follow default field"
                                 f"{'s' if len(default_names) > 1 else ''} "
                                 f"{', '.join(default_names)}")
-        nm_tpl = _make_nmtuple(typename, types.items(),
+        nm_tpl = _make_nmtuple(typename, field_names, annotate,
                                defaults=[ns[n] for n in default_names],
                                module=ns['__module__'])
         nm_tpl.__bases__ = bases
@@ -3071,7 +3080,11 @@ class Employee(NamedTuple):
         import warnings
         warnings._deprecated(deprecated_thing, message=deprecation_msg, remove=(3, 15))
         fields = kwargs.items()
-    nt = _make_nmtuple(typename, fields, module=_caller())
+    types = {n: _type_check(t, f"field {n} annotation must be a type")
+             for n, t in fields}
+    field_names = [n for n, _ in fields]
+
+    nt = _make_nmtuple(typename, field_names, _make_eager_annotate(types), module=_caller())
     nt.__orig_bases__ = (NamedTuple,)
     return nt
 
@@ -3130,10 +3143,19 @@ def __new__(cls, name, bases, ns, total=True):
         if not hasattr(tp_dict, '__orig_bases__'):
             tp_dict.__orig_bases__ = bases
 
-        annotations = {}
-        own_annotations = ns.get('__annotations__', {})
+        if "__annotations__" in ns:
+            own_annotate = None
+            own_annotations = ns["__annotations__"]
+        elif "__annotate__" in ns:
+            own_annotate = ns["__annotate__"]
+            own_annotations = annotationlib.call_annotate_function(
+                own_annotate, annotationlib.Format.FORWARDREF, owner=tp_dict
+            )
+        else:
+            own_annotate = None
+            own_annotations = {}
         msg = "TypedDict('Name', {f0: t0, f1: t1, ...}); each t must be a type"
-        own_annotations = {
+        own_checked_annotations = {
             n: _type_check(tp, msg, module=tp_dict.__module__)
             for n, tp in own_annotations.items()
         }
@@ -3143,8 +3165,6 @@ def __new__(cls, name, bases, ns, total=True):
         mutable_keys = set()
 
         for base in bases:
-            annotations.update(base.__dict__.get('__annotations__', {}))
-
             base_required = base.__dict__.get('__required_keys__', set())
             required_keys |= base_required
             optional_keys -= base_required
@@ -3156,8 +3176,7 @@ def __new__(cls, name, bases, ns, total=True):
             readonly_keys.update(base.__dict__.get('__readonly_keys__', ()))
             mutable_keys.update(base.__dict__.get('__mutable_keys__', ()))
 
-        annotations.update(own_annotations)
-        for annotation_key, annotation_type in own_annotations.items():
+        for annotation_key, annotation_type in own_checked_annotations.items():
             qualifiers = set(_get_typeddict_qualifiers(annotation_type))
             if Required in qualifiers:
                 is_required = True
@@ -3188,7 +3207,32 @@ def __new__(cls, name, bases, ns, total=True):
             f"Required keys overlap with optional keys in {name}:"
             f" {required_keys=}, {optional_keys=}"
         )
-        tp_dict.__annotations__ = annotations
+
+        def __annotate__(format):
+            annos = {}
+            for base in bases:
+                if base is Generic:
+                    continue
+                base_annotate = base.__annotate__
+                if base_annotate is None:
+                    continue
+                base_annos = annotationlib.call_annotate_function(base.__annotate__, format, owner=base)
+                annos.update(base_annos)
+            if own_annotate is not None:
+                own = annotationlib.call_annotate_function(own_annotate, format, owner=tp_dict)
+                if format != annotationlib.Format.STRING:
+                    own = {
+                        n: _type_check(tp, msg, module=tp_dict.__module__)
+                        for n, tp in own.items()
+                    }
+            elif format == annotationlib.Format.STRING:
+                own = annotationlib.annotations_to_string(own_annotations)
+            else:
+                own = own_checked_annotations
+            annos.update(own)
+            return annos
+
+        tp_dict.__annotate__ = __annotate__
         tp_dict.__required_keys__ = frozenset(required_keys)
         tp_dict.__optional_keys__ = frozenset(optional_keys)
         tp_dict.__readonly_keys__ = frozenset(readonly_keys)
diff --git a/Lib/unittest/__init__.py b/Lib/unittest/__init__.py
index f1f6c911ef17d9..324e5d038aef03 100644
--- a/Lib/unittest/__init__.py
+++ b/Lib/unittest/__init__.py
@@ -57,9 +57,9 @@ def testMultiply(self):
 from .case import (addModuleCleanup, TestCase, FunctionTestCase, SkipTest, skip,
                    skipIf, skipUnless, expectedFailure, doModuleCleanups,
                    enterModuleContext)
-from .suite import BaseTestSuite, TestSuite
+from .suite import BaseTestSuite, TestSuite  # noqa: F401
 from .loader import TestLoader, defaultTestLoader
-from .main import TestProgram, main
+from .main import TestProgram, main  # noqa: F401
 from .runner import TextTestRunner, TextTestResult
 from .signals import installHandler, registerResult, removeResult, removeHandler
 # IsolatedAsyncioTestCase will be imported lazily.
diff --git a/Lib/unittest/async_case.py b/Lib/unittest/async_case.py
index 63ff6a5d1f8b61..bd06eb3207697a 100644
--- a/Lib/unittest/async_case.py
+++ b/Lib/unittest/async_case.py
@@ -90,9 +90,13 @@ def _callSetUp(self):
         self._callAsync(self.asyncSetUp)
 
     def _callTestMethod(self, method):
-        if self._callMaybeAsync(method) is not None:
-            warnings.warn(f'It is deprecated to return a value that is not None from a '
-                          f'test case ({method})', DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=4)
+        result = self._callMaybeAsync(method)
+        if result is not None:
+            msg = (
+                f'It is deprecated to return a value that is not None '
+                f'from a test case ({method} returned {type(result).__name__!r})',
+            )
+            warnings.warn(msg, DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=4)
 
     def _callTearDown(self):
         self._callAsync(self.asyncTearDown)
diff --git a/Lib/unittest/case.py b/Lib/unittest/case.py
index 36daa61fa31adb..55c79d353539ca 100644
--- a/Lib/unittest/case.py
+++ b/Lib/unittest/case.py
@@ -603,9 +603,18 @@ def _callSetUp(self):
         self.setUp()
 
     def _callTestMethod(self, method):
-        if method() is not None:
-            warnings.warn(f'It is deprecated to return a value that is not None from a '
-                          f'test case ({method})', DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=3)
+        result = method()
+        if result is not None:
+            import inspect
+            msg = (
+                f'It is deprecated to return a value that is not None '
+                f'from a test case ({method} returned {type(result).__name__!r})'
+            )
+            if inspect.iscoroutine(result):
+                msg += (
+                    '. Maybe you forgot to use IsolatedAsyncioTestCase as the base class?'
+                )
+            warnings.warn(msg, DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=3)
 
     def _callTearDown(self):
         self.tearDown()
diff --git a/Lib/unittest/loader.py b/Lib/unittest/loader.py
index 22797b83a68bc8..a52950dad224ee 100644
--- a/Lib/unittest/loader.py
+++ b/Lib/unittest/loader.py
@@ -274,6 +274,8 @@ def discover(self, start_dir, pattern='test*.py', top_level_dir=None):
         self._top_level_dir = top_level_dir
 
         is_not_importable = False
+        is_namespace = False
+        tests = []
         if os.path.isdir(os.path.abspath(start_dir)):
             start_dir = os.path.abspath(start_dir)
             if start_dir != top_level_dir:
@@ -286,12 +288,25 @@ def discover(self, start_dir, pattern='test*.py', top_level_dir=None):
                 is_not_importable = True
             else:
                 the_module = sys.modules[start_dir]
-                top_part = start_dir.split('.')[0]
-                try:
-                    start_dir = os.path.abspath(
-                        os.path.dirname((the_module.__file__)))
-                except AttributeError:
-                    if the_module.__name__ in sys.builtin_module_names:
+                if not hasattr(the_module, "__file__") or the_module.__file__ is None:
+                    # look for namespace packages
+                    try:
+                        spec = the_module.__spec__
+                    except AttributeError:
+                        spec = None
+
+                    if spec and spec.submodule_search_locations is not None:
+                        is_namespace = True
+
+                        for path in the_module.__path__:
+                            if (not set_implicit_top and
+                                not path.startswith(top_level_dir)):
+                                continue
+                            self._top_level_dir = \
+                                (path.split(the_module.__name__
+                                        .replace(".", os.path.sep))[0])
+                            tests.extend(self._find_tests(path, pattern, namespace=True))
+                    elif the_module.__name__ in sys.builtin_module_names:
                         # builtin module
                         raise TypeError('Can not use builtin modules '
                                         'as dotted module names') from None
@@ -300,14 +315,27 @@ def discover(self, start_dir, pattern='test*.py', top_level_dir=None):
                             f"don't know how to discover from {the_module!r}"
                             ) from None
 
+                else:
+                    top_part = start_dir.split('.')[0]
+                    start_dir = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname((the_module.__file__)))
+
                 if set_implicit_top:
-                    self._top_level_dir = self._get_directory_containing_module(top_part)
+                    if not is_namespace:
+                        if sys.modules[top_part].__file__ is None:
+                            self._top_level_dir = os.path.dirname(the_module.__file__)
+                            if self._top_level_dir not in sys.path:
+                                sys.path.insert(0, self._top_level_dir)
+                        else:
+                            self._top_level_dir = \
+                                self._get_directory_containing_module(top_part)
                     sys.path.remove(top_level_dir)
 
         if is_not_importable:
             raise ImportError('Start directory is not importable: %r' % start_dir)
 
-        tests = list(self._find_tests(start_dir, pattern))
+        if not is_namespace:
+            tests = list(self._find_tests(start_dir, pattern))
+
         self._top_level_dir = original_top_level_dir
         return self.suiteClass(tests)
 
@@ -343,7 +371,7 @@ def _match_path(self, path, full_path, pattern):
         # override this method to use alternative matching strategy
         return fnmatch(path, pattern)
 
-    def _find_tests(self, start_dir, pattern):
+    def _find_tests(self, start_dir, pattern, namespace=False):
         """Used by discovery. Yields test suites it loads."""
         # Handle the __init__ in this package
         name = self._get_name_from_path(start_dir)
@@ -352,7 +380,8 @@ def _find_tests(self, start_dir, pattern):
         if name != '.' and name not in self._loading_packages:
             # name is in self._loading_packages while we have called into
             # loadTestsFromModule with name.
-            tests, should_recurse = self._find_test_path(start_dir, pattern)
+            tests, should_recurse = self._find_test_path(
+                start_dir, pattern, namespace)
             if tests is not None:
                 yield tests
             if not should_recurse:
@@ -363,7 +392,8 @@ def _find_tests(self, start_dir, pattern):
         paths = sorted(os.listdir(start_dir))
         for path in paths:
             full_path = os.path.join(start_dir, path)
-            tests, should_recurse = self._find_test_path(full_path, pattern)
+            tests, should_recurse = self._find_test_path(
+                full_path, pattern, False)
             if tests is not None:
                 yield tests
             if should_recurse:
@@ -371,11 +401,11 @@ def _find_tests(self, start_dir, pattern):
                 name = self._get_name_from_path(full_path)
                 self._loading_packages.add(name)
                 try:
-                    yield from self._find_tests(full_path, pattern)
+                    yield from self._find_tests(full_path, pattern, False)
                 finally:
                     self._loading_packages.discard(name)
 
-    def _find_test_path(self, full_path, pattern):
+    def _find_test_path(self, full_path, pattern, namespace=False):
         """Used by discovery.
 
         Loads tests from a single file, or a directories' __init__.py when
@@ -419,7 +449,8 @@ def _find_test_path(self, full_path, pattern):
                         msg % (mod_name, module_dir, expected_dir))
                 return self.loadTestsFromModule(module, pattern=pattern), False
         elif os.path.isdir(full_path):
-            if not os.path.isfile(os.path.join(full_path, '__init__.py')):
+            if (not namespace and
+                not os.path.isfile(os.path.join(full_path, '__init__.py'))):
                 return None, False
 
             load_tests = None
diff --git a/Lib/unittest/mock.py b/Lib/unittest/mock.py
index 3ef83e263f53b7..21ca061a77c26f 100644
--- a/Lib/unittest/mock.py
+++ b/Lib/unittest/mock.py
@@ -32,8 +32,9 @@
 import sys
 import builtins
 import pkgutil
-from asyncio import iscoroutinefunction
+from inspect import iscoroutinefunction
 import threading
+from dataclasses import fields, is_dataclass
 from types import CodeType, ModuleType, MethodType
 from unittest.util import safe_repr
 from functools import wraps, partial
@@ -628,7 +629,9 @@ def __set_side_effect(self, value):
     side_effect = property(__get_side_effect, __set_side_effect)
 
 
-    def reset_mock(self,  visited=None,*, return_value=False, side_effect=False):
+    def reset_mock(self, visited=None, *,
+                   return_value: bool = False,
+                   side_effect: bool = False):
         "Restore the mock object to its initial state."
         if visited is None:
             visited = []
@@ -830,6 +833,9 @@ def __setattr__(self, name, value):
             mock_name = f'{self._extract_mock_name()}.{name}'
             raise AttributeError(f'Cannot set {mock_name}')
 
+        if isinstance(value, PropertyMock):
+            self.__dict__[name] = value
+            return
         return object.__setattr__(self, name, value)
 
 
@@ -1508,13 +1514,12 @@ def __enter__(self):
                 if isinstance(original, type):
                     # If we're patching out a class and there is a spec
                     inherit = True
-            if spec is None and _is_async_obj(original):
-                Klass = AsyncMock
-            else:
-                Klass = MagicMock
-            _kwargs = {}
+
+            # Determine the Klass to use
             if new_callable is not None:
                 Klass = new_callable
+            elif spec is None and _is_async_obj(original):
+                Klass = AsyncMock
             elif spec is not None or spec_set is not None:
                 this_spec = spec
                 if spec_set is not None:
@@ -1527,7 +1532,12 @@ def __enter__(self):
                     Klass = AsyncMock
                 elif not_callable:
                     Klass = NonCallableMagicMock
+                else:
+                    Klass = MagicMock
+            else:
+                Klass = MagicMock
 
+            _kwargs = {}
             if spec is not None:
                 _kwargs['spec'] = spec
             if spec_set is not None:
@@ -1822,7 +1832,8 @@ def patch(
 class _patch_dict(object):
     """
     Patch a dictionary, or dictionary like object, and restore the dictionary
-    to its original state after the test.
+    to its original state after the test, where the restored dictionary is
+    a copy of the dictionary as it was before the test.
 
     `in_dict` can be a dictionary or a mapping like container. If it is a
     mapping then it must at least support getting, setting and deleting items
@@ -2158,8 +2169,6 @@ def _mock_set_magics(self):
 
         if getattr(self, "_mock_methods", None) is not None:
             these_magics = orig_magics.intersection(self._mock_methods)
-
-            remove_magics = set()
             remove_magics = orig_magics - these_magics
 
             for entry in remove_magics:
@@ -2212,6 +2221,17 @@ def mock_add_spec(self, spec, spec_set=False):
         self._mock_add_spec(spec, spec_set)
         self._mock_set_magics()
 
+    def reset_mock(self, /, *args, return_value: bool = False, **kwargs):
+        if (
+            return_value
+            and self._mock_name
+            and _is_magic(self._mock_name)
+        ):
+            # Don't reset return values for magic methods,
+            # otherwise `m.__str__` will start
+            # to return `MagicMock` instances, instead of `str` instances.
+            return_value = False
+        super().reset_mock(*args, return_value=return_value, **kwargs)
 
 
 class MagicProxy(Base):
@@ -2448,7 +2468,7 @@ class AsyncMock(AsyncMockMixin, AsyncMagicMixin, Mock):
     recognized as an async function, and the result of a call is an awaitable:
 
     >>> mock = AsyncMock()
-    >>> iscoroutinefunction(mock)
+    >>> inspect.iscoroutinefunction(mock)
     True
     >>> inspect.isawaitable(mock())
     True
@@ -2737,7 +2757,15 @@ def create_autospec(spec, spec_set=False, instance=False, _parent=None,
         raise InvalidSpecError(f'Cannot autospec a Mock object. '
                                f'[object={spec!r}]')
     is_async_func = _is_async_func(spec)
-    _kwargs = {'spec': spec}
+
+    entries = [(entry, _missing) for entry in dir(spec)]
+    if is_type and instance and is_dataclass(spec):
+        dataclass_fields = fields(spec)
+        entries.extend((f.name, f.type) for f in dataclass_fields)
+        _kwargs = {'spec': [f.name for f in dataclass_fields]}
+    else:
+        _kwargs = {'spec': spec}
+
     if spec_set:
         _kwargs = {'spec_set': spec}
     elif spec is None:
@@ -2748,6 +2776,12 @@ def create_autospec(spec, spec_set=False, instance=False, _parent=None,
     if not unsafe:
         _check_spec_arg_typos(kwargs)
 
+    _name = kwargs.pop('name', _name)
+    _new_name = _name
+    if _parent is None:
+        # for a top level object no _new_name should be set
+        _new_name = ''
+
     _kwargs.update(kwargs)
 
     Klass = MagicMock
@@ -2765,13 +2799,6 @@ def create_autospec(spec, spec_set=False, instance=False, _parent=None,
     elif is_type and instance and not _instance_callable(spec):
         Klass = NonCallableMagicMock
 
-    _name = _kwargs.pop('name', _name)
-
-    _new_name = _name
-    if _parent is None:
-        # for a top level object no _new_name should be set
-        _new_name = ''
-
     mock = Klass(parent=_parent, _new_parent=_parent, _new_name=_new_name,
                  name=_name, **_kwargs)
 
@@ -2795,7 +2822,7 @@ def create_autospec(spec, spec_set=False, instance=False, _parent=None,
                                             _name='()', _parent=mock,
                                             wraps=wrapped)
 
-    for entry in dir(spec):
+    for entry, original in entries:
         if _is_magic(entry):
             # MagicMock already does the useful magic methods for us
             continue
@@ -2809,10 +2836,11 @@ def create_autospec(spec, spec_set=False, instance=False, _parent=None,
         # AttributeError on being fetched?
         # we could be resilient against it, or catch and propagate the
         # exception when the attribute is fetched from the mock
-        try:
-            original = getattr(spec, entry)
-        except AttributeError:
-            continue
+        if original is _missing:
+            try:
+                original = getattr(spec, entry)
+            except AttributeError:
+                continue
 
         child_kwargs = {'spec': original}
         # Wrap child attributes also.
diff --git a/Lib/urllib/parse.py b/Lib/urllib/parse.py
index 8f724f907d4217..5b00ab25c6b4ca 100644
--- a/Lib/urllib/parse.py
+++ b/Lib/urllib/parse.py
@@ -392,20 +392,23 @@ def urlparse(url, scheme='', allow_fragments=True):
     Note that % escapes are not expanded.
     """
     url, scheme, _coerce_result = _coerce_args(url, scheme)
-    splitresult = urlsplit(url, scheme, allow_fragments)
-    scheme, netloc, url, query, fragment = splitresult
-    if scheme in uses_params and ';' in url:
-        url, params = _splitparams(url)
-    else:
-        params = ''
-    result = ParseResult(scheme, netloc, url, params, query, fragment)
+    scheme, netloc, url, params, query, fragment = _urlparse(url, scheme, allow_fragments)
+    result = ParseResult(scheme or '', netloc or '', url, params or '', query or '', fragment or '')
     return _coerce_result(result)
 
-def _splitparams(url):
+def _urlparse(url, scheme=None, allow_fragments=True):
+    scheme, netloc, url, query, fragment = _urlsplit(url, scheme, allow_fragments)
+    if (scheme or '') in uses_params and ';' in url:
+        url, params = _splitparams(url, allow_none=True)
+    else:
+        params = None
+    return (scheme, netloc, url, params, query, fragment)
+
+def _splitparams(url, allow_none=False):
     if '/'  in url:
         i = url.find(';', url.rfind('/'))
         if i < 0:
-            return url, ''
+            return url, None if allow_none else ''
     else:
         i = url.find(';')
     return url[:i], url[i+1:]
@@ -472,17 +475,23 @@ def urlsplit(url, scheme='', allow_fragments=True):
     """
 
     url, scheme, _coerce_result = _coerce_args(url, scheme)
+    scheme, netloc, url, query, fragment = _urlsplit(url, scheme, allow_fragments)
+    v = SplitResult(scheme or '', netloc or '', url, query or '', fragment or '')
+    return _coerce_result(v)
+
+def _urlsplit(url, scheme=None, allow_fragments=True):
     # Only lstrip url as some applications rely on preserving trailing space.
     # (https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-basic-url-parser would strip both)
     url = url.lstrip(_WHATWG_C0_CONTROL_OR_SPACE)
-    scheme = scheme.strip(_WHATWG_C0_CONTROL_OR_SPACE)
-
     for b in _UNSAFE_URL_BYTES_TO_REMOVE:
         url = url.replace(b, "")
-        scheme = scheme.replace(b, "")
+    if scheme is not None:
+        scheme = scheme.strip(_WHATWG_C0_CONTROL_OR_SPACE)
+        for b in _UNSAFE_URL_BYTES_TO_REMOVE:
+            scheme = scheme.replace(b, "")
 
     allow_fragments = bool(allow_fragments)
-    netloc = query = fragment = ''
+    netloc = query = fragment = None
     i = url.find(':')
     if i > 0 and url[0].isascii() and url[0].isalpha():
         for c in url[:i]:
@@ -503,8 +512,7 @@ def urlsplit(url, scheme='', allow_fragments=True):
     if '?' in url:
         url, query = url.split('?', 1)
     _checknetloc(netloc)
-    v = SplitResult(scheme, netloc, url, query, fragment)
-    return _coerce_result(v)
+    return (scheme, netloc, url, query, fragment)
 
 def urlunparse(components):
     """Put a parsed URL back together again.  This may result in a
@@ -513,9 +521,15 @@ def urlunparse(components):
     (the draft states that these are equivalent)."""
     scheme, netloc, url, params, query, fragment, _coerce_result = (
                                                   _coerce_args(*components))
+    if not netloc:
+        if scheme and scheme in uses_netloc and (not url or url[:1] == '/'):
+            netloc = ''
+        else:
+            netloc = None
     if params:
         url = "%s;%s" % (url, params)
-    return _coerce_result(urlunsplit((scheme, netloc, url, query, fragment)))
+    return _coerce_result(_urlunsplit(scheme or None, netloc, url,
+                                      query or None, fragment or None))
 
 def urlunsplit(components):
     """Combine the elements of a tuple as returned by urlsplit() into a
@@ -525,16 +539,27 @@ def urlunsplit(components):
     empty query; the RFC states that these are equivalent)."""
     scheme, netloc, url, query, fragment, _coerce_result = (
                                           _coerce_args(*components))
-    if netloc or (scheme and scheme in uses_netloc) or url[:2] == '//':
+    if not netloc:
+        if scheme and scheme in uses_netloc and (not url or url[:1] == '/'):
+            netloc = ''
+        else:
+            netloc = None
+    return _coerce_result(_urlunsplit(scheme or None, netloc, url,
+                                      query or None, fragment or None))
+
+def _urlunsplit(scheme, netloc, url, query, fragment):
+    if netloc is not None:
         if url and url[:1] != '/': url = '/' + url
-        url = '//' + (netloc or '') + url
+        url = '//' + netloc + url
+    elif url[:2] == '//':
+        url = '//' + url
     if scheme:
         url = scheme + ':' + url
-    if query:
+    if query is not None:
         url = url + '?' + query
-    if fragment:
+    if fragment is not None:
         url = url + '#' + fragment
-    return _coerce_result(url)
+    return url
 
 def urljoin(base, url, allow_fragments=True):
     """Join a base URL and a possibly relative URL to form an absolute
@@ -545,26 +570,29 @@ def urljoin(base, url, allow_fragments=True):
         return base
 
     base, url, _coerce_result = _coerce_args(base, url)
-    bscheme, bnetloc, bpath, bparams, bquery, bfragment = \
-            urlparse(base, '', allow_fragments)
-    scheme, netloc, path, params, query, fragment = \
-            urlparse(url, bscheme, allow_fragments)
+    bscheme, bnetloc, bpath, bquery, bfragment = \
+            _urlsplit(base, None, allow_fragments)
+    scheme, netloc, path, query, fragment = \
+            _urlsplit(url, None, allow_fragments)
 
+    if scheme is None:
+        scheme = bscheme
     if scheme != bscheme or scheme not in uses_relative:
         return _coerce_result(url)
     if scheme in uses_netloc:
         if netloc:
-            return _coerce_result(urlunparse((scheme, netloc, path,
-                                              params, query, fragment)))
+            return _coerce_result(_urlunsplit(scheme, netloc, path,
+                                              query, fragment))
         netloc = bnetloc
 
-    if not path and not params:
+    if not path:
         path = bpath
-        params = bparams
-        if not query:
+        if query is None:
             query = bquery
-        return _coerce_result(urlunparse((scheme, netloc, path,
-                                          params, query, fragment)))
+            if fragment is None:
+                fragment = bfragment
+        return _coerce_result(_urlunsplit(scheme, netloc, path,
+                                          query, fragment))
 
     base_parts = bpath.split('/')
     if base_parts[-1] != '':
@@ -601,8 +629,8 @@ def urljoin(base, url, allow_fragments=True):
         # then we need to append the trailing '/'
         resolved_path.append('')
 
-    return _coerce_result(urlunparse((scheme, netloc, '/'.join(
-        resolved_path) or '/', params, query, fragment)))
+    return _coerce_result(_urlunsplit(scheme, netloc, '/'.join(
+        resolved_path) or '/', query, fragment))
 
 
 def urldefrag(url):
@@ -614,12 +642,12 @@ def urldefrag(url):
     """
     url, _coerce_result = _coerce_args(url)
     if '#' in url:
-        s, n, p, a, q, frag = urlparse(url)
-        defrag = urlunparse((s, n, p, a, q, ''))
+        s, n, p, q, frag = _urlsplit(url)
+        defrag = _urlunsplit(s, n, p, q, None)
     else:
         frag = ''
         defrag = url
-    return _coerce_result(DefragResult(defrag, frag))
+    return _coerce_result(DefragResult(defrag, frag or ''))
 
 _hexdig = '0123456789ABCDEFabcdef'
 _hextobyte = None
diff --git a/Lib/urllib/request.py b/Lib/urllib/request.py
index ac6719ce854182..bc35d8a80e5d03 100644
--- a/Lib/urllib/request.py
+++ b/Lib/urllib/request.py
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@
 
 # check for SSL
 try:
-    import ssl
+    import ssl  # noqa: F401
 except ImportError:
     _have_ssl = False
 else:
@@ -1555,7 +1555,7 @@ def ftp_open(self, req):
             headers = email.message_from_string(headers)
             return addinfourl(fp, headers, req.full_url)
         except ftplib.all_errors as exp:
-            raise URLError(exp) from exp
+            raise URLError(f"ftp error: {exp}") from exp
 
     def connect_ftp(self, user, passwd, host, port, dirs, timeout):
         return ftpwrapper(user, passwd, host, port, dirs, timeout,
diff --git a/Lib/uuid.py b/Lib/uuid.py
index c286eac38e1ef4..4d4f06cfc9ebbe 100644
--- a/Lib/uuid.py
+++ b/Lib/uuid.py
@@ -374,7 +374,7 @@ def _get_command_stdout(command, *args):
         # for are actually localized, but in theory some system could do so.)
         env = dict(os.environ)
         env['LC_ALL'] = 'C'
-        # Empty strings will be quoted by popen so we should just ommit it
+        # Empty strings will be quoted by popen so we should just omit it
         if args != ('',):
             command = (executable, *args)
         else:
diff --git a/Lib/venv/__init__.py b/Lib/venv/__init__.py
index fa69d5846f2fa7..ca1af84e6705fe 100644
--- a/Lib/venv/__init__.py
+++ b/Lib/venv/__init__.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 import sys
 import sysconfig
 import types
+import shlex
 
 
 CORE_VENV_DEPS = ('pip',)
@@ -303,8 +304,11 @@ def setup_python(self, context):
             copier(context.executable, path)
             if not os.path.islink(path):
                 os.chmod(path, 0o755)
-            for suffix in ('python', 'python3',
-                           f'python3.{sys.version_info[1]}'):
+
+            suffixes = ['python', 'python3', f'python3.{sys.version_info[1]}']
+            if sys.version_info[:2] == (3, 14):
+                suffixes.append('𝜋thon')
+            for suffix in suffixes:
                 path = os.path.join(binpath, suffix)
                 if not os.path.exists(path):
                     # Issue 18807: make copies if
@@ -393,7 +397,7 @@ def setup_python(self, context):
                         os.symlink(src, dest)
                         to_unlink.append(dest)
                     except OSError:
-                        logger.warning('Unable to symlink %r to %r', src, dst)
+                        logger.warning('Unable to symlink %r to %r', src, dest)
                         do_copies = True
                         for f in to_unlink:
                             try:
@@ -481,11 +485,41 @@ def replace_variables(self, text, context):
         :param context: The information for the environment creation request
                         being processed.
         """
-        text = text.replace('__VENV_DIR__', context.env_dir)
-        text = text.replace('__VENV_NAME__', context.env_name)
-        text = text.replace('__VENV_PROMPT__', context.prompt)
-        text = text.replace('__VENV_BIN_NAME__', context.bin_name)
-        text = text.replace('__VENV_PYTHON__', context.env_exe)
+        replacements = {
+            '__VENV_DIR__': context.env_dir,
+            '__VENV_NAME__': context.env_name,
+            '__VENV_PROMPT__': context.prompt,
+            '__VENV_BIN_NAME__': context.bin_name,
+            '__VENV_PYTHON__': context.env_exe,
+        }
+
+        def quote_ps1(s):
+            """
+            This should satisfy PowerShell quoting rules [1], unless the quoted
+            string is passed directly to Windows native commands [2].
+            [1]: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/microsoft.powershell.core/about/about_quoting_rules
+            [2]: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/microsoft.powershell.core/about/about_parsing#passing-arguments-that-contain-quote-characters
+            """
+            s = s.replace("'", "''")
+            return f"'{s}'"
+
+        def quote_bat(s):
+            return s
+
+        # gh-124651: need to quote the template strings properly
+        quote = shlex.quote
+        script_path = context.script_path
+        if script_path.endswith('.ps1'):
+            quote = quote_ps1
+        elif script_path.endswith('.bat'):
+            quote = quote_bat
+        else:
+            # fallbacks to POSIX shell compliant quote
+            quote = shlex.quote
+
+        replacements = {key: quote(s) for key, s in replacements.items()}
+        for key, quoted in replacements.items():
+            text = text.replace(key, quoted)
         return text
 
     def install_scripts(self, context, path):
@@ -535,6 +569,7 @@ def skip_file(f):
                 with open(srcfile, 'rb') as f:
                     data = f.read()
                 try:
+                    context.script_path = srcfile
                     new_data = (
                         self.replace_variables(data.decode('utf-8'), context)
                             .encode('utf-8')
@@ -572,8 +607,7 @@ def create(env_dir, system_site_packages=False, clear=False,
 def main(args=None):
     import argparse
 
-    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog=__name__,
-                                     description='Creates virtual Python '
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Creates virtual Python '
                                                  'environments in one or '
                                                  'more target '
                                                  'directories.',
diff --git a/Lib/venv/scripts/common/activate b/Lib/venv/scripts/common/activate
index cbd4873f012246..70673a265d41f8 100644
--- a/Lib/venv/scripts/common/activate
+++ b/Lib/venv/scripts/common/activate
@@ -14,8 +14,9 @@ deactivate () {
         unset _OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME
     fi
 
-    # Call hash to forget past commands. Without forgetting
-    # past commands the $PATH changes we made may not be respected
+    # Call hash to forget past locations. Without forgetting
+    # past locations the $PATH changes we made may not be respected.
+    # See "man bash" for more details. hash is usually a builtin of your shell
     hash -r 2> /dev/null
 
     if [ -n "${_OLD_VIRTUAL_PS1:-}" ] ; then
@@ -37,23 +38,23 @@ deactivate nondestructive
 
 # on Windows, a path can contain colons and backslashes and has to be converted:
 case "$(uname)" in
-    CYGWIN*|MSYS*)
-        # transform D:\path\to\venv to /d/path/to/venv on MSYS
+    CYGWIN*|MSYS*|MINGW*)
+        # transform D:\path\to\venv to /d/path/to/venv on MSYS and MINGW
         # and to /cygdrive/d/path/to/venv on Cygwin
-        VIRTUAL_ENV=$(cygpath "__VENV_DIR__")
+        VIRTUAL_ENV=$(cygpath __VENV_DIR__)
         export VIRTUAL_ENV
         ;;
     *)
         # use the path as-is
-        export VIRTUAL_ENV="__VENV_DIR__"
+        export VIRTUAL_ENV=__VENV_DIR__
         ;;
 esac
 
 _OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH="$PATH"
-PATH="$VIRTUAL_ENV/__VENV_BIN_NAME__:$PATH"
+PATH="$VIRTUAL_ENV/"__VENV_BIN_NAME__":$PATH"
 export PATH
 
-VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT="__VENV_PROMPT__"
+VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT=__VENV_PROMPT__
 export VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT
 
 # unset PYTHONHOME if set
@@ -66,7 +67,7 @@ fi
 
 if [ -z "${VIRTUAL_ENV_DISABLE_PROMPT:-}" ] ; then
     _OLD_VIRTUAL_PS1="${PS1:-}"
-    PS1="(__VENV_PROMPT__) ${PS1:-}"
+    PS1="("__VENV_PROMPT__") ${PS1:-}"
     export PS1
 fi
 
diff --git a/Lib/venv/scripts/common/activate.fish b/Lib/venv/scripts/common/activate.fish
index 25c42756789bbc..284a7469c99b57 100644
--- a/Lib/venv/scripts/common/activate.fish
+++ b/Lib/venv/scripts/common/activate.fish
@@ -33,11 +33,11 @@ end
 # Unset irrelevant variables.
 deactivate nondestructive
 
-set -gx VIRTUAL_ENV "__VENV_DIR__"
+set -gx VIRTUAL_ENV __VENV_DIR__
 
 set -gx _OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH $PATH
-set -gx PATH "$VIRTUAL_ENV/__VENV_BIN_NAME__" $PATH
-set -gx VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT "__VENV_PROMPT__"
+set -gx PATH "$VIRTUAL_ENV/"__VENV_BIN_NAME__ $PATH
+set -gx VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT __VENV_PROMPT__
 
 # Unset PYTHONHOME if set.
 if set -q PYTHONHOME
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ if test -z "$VIRTUAL_ENV_DISABLE_PROMPT"
         set -l old_status $status
 
         # Output the venv prompt; color taken from the blue of the Python logo.
-        printf "%s(%s)%s " (set_color 4B8BBE) "__VENV_PROMPT__" (set_color normal)
+        printf "%s(%s)%s " (set_color 4B8BBE) __VENV_PROMPT__ (set_color normal)
 
         # Restore the return status of the previous command.
         echo "exit $old_status" | .
diff --git a/Lib/venv/scripts/nt/activate.bat b/Lib/venv/scripts/nt/activate.bat
index dd5ea8eb67b90a..35533e4b551155 100644
--- a/Lib/venv/scripts/nt/activate.bat
+++ b/Lib/venv/scripts/nt/activate.bat
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ if defined _OLD_CODEPAGE (
     "%SystemRoot%\System32\chcp.com" 65001 > nul
 )
 
-set VIRTUAL_ENV=__VENV_DIR__
+set "VIRTUAL_ENV=__VENV_DIR__"
 
 if not defined PROMPT set PROMPT=$P$G
 
@@ -24,8 +24,8 @@ set PYTHONHOME=
 if defined _OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH set PATH=%_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH%
 if not defined _OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH set _OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH=%PATH%
 
-set PATH=%VIRTUAL_ENV%\__VENV_BIN_NAME__;%PATH%
-set VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT=__VENV_PROMPT__
+set "PATH=%VIRTUAL_ENV%\__VENV_BIN_NAME__;%PATH%"
+set "VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT=__VENV_PROMPT__"
 
 :END
 if defined _OLD_CODEPAGE (
diff --git a/Lib/venv/scripts/posix/activate.csh b/Lib/venv/scripts/posix/activate.csh
index c707f1988b0acc..2a3fa835476ab9 100644
--- a/Lib/venv/scripts/posix/activate.csh
+++ b/Lib/venv/scripts/posix/activate.csh
@@ -9,17 +9,17 @@ alias deactivate 'test $?_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH != 0 && setenv PATH "$_OLD_VIRTUAL_PA
 # Unset irrelevant variables.
 deactivate nondestructive
 
-setenv VIRTUAL_ENV "__VENV_DIR__"
+setenv VIRTUAL_ENV __VENV_DIR__
 
 set _OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH="$PATH"
-setenv PATH "$VIRTUAL_ENV/__VENV_BIN_NAME__:$PATH"
-setenv VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT "__VENV_PROMPT__"
+setenv PATH "$VIRTUAL_ENV/"__VENV_BIN_NAME__":$PATH"
+setenv VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT __VENV_PROMPT__
 
 
 set _OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT="$prompt"
 
 if (! "$?VIRTUAL_ENV_DISABLE_PROMPT") then
-    set prompt = "(__VENV_PROMPT__) $prompt"
+    set prompt = "("__VENV_PROMPT__") $prompt:q"
 endif
 
 alias pydoc python -m pydoc
diff --git a/Lib/warnings.py b/Lib/warnings.py
index 20a39d54bf7e6a..e83cde37ab2d1a 100644
--- a/Lib/warnings.py
+++ b/Lib/warnings.py
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ def filterwarnings(action, message="", category=Warning, module="", lineno=0,
                    append=False):
     """Insert an entry into the list of warnings filters (at the front).
 
-    'action' -- one of "error", "ignore", "always", "default", "module",
+    'action' -- one of "error", "ignore", "always", "all", "default", "module",
                 or "once"
     'message' -- a regex that the warning message must match
     'category' -- a class that the warning must be a subclass of
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ def filterwarnings(action, message="", category=Warning, module="", lineno=0,
     'lineno' -- an integer line number, 0 matches all warnings
     'append' -- if true, append to the list of filters
     """
-    if action not in {"error", "ignore", "always", "default", "module", "once"}:
+    if action not in {"error", "ignore", "always", "all", "default", "module", "once"}:
         raise ValueError(f"invalid action: {action!r}")
     if not isinstance(message, str):
         raise TypeError("message must be a string")
@@ -171,13 +171,13 @@ def simplefilter(action, category=Warning, lineno=0, append=False):
     """Insert a simple entry into the list of warnings filters (at the front).
 
     A simple filter matches all modules and messages.
-    'action' -- one of "error", "ignore", "always", "default", "module",
+    'action' -- one of "error", "ignore", "always", "all", "default", "module",
                 or "once"
     'category' -- a class that the warning must be a subclass of
     'lineno' -- an integer line number, 0 matches all warnings
     'append' -- if true, append to the list of filters
     """
-    if action not in {"error", "ignore", "always", "default", "module", "once"}:
+    if action not in {"error", "ignore", "always", "all", "default", "module", "once"}:
         raise ValueError(f"invalid action: {action!r}")
     if not isinstance(lineno, int):
         raise TypeError("lineno must be an int")
@@ -248,8 +248,7 @@ def _setoption(arg):
 def _getaction(action):
     if not action:
         return "default"
-    if action == "all": return "always" # Alias
-    for a in ('default', 'always', 'ignore', 'module', 'once', 'error'):
+    for a in ('default', 'always', 'all', 'ignore', 'module', 'once', 'error'):
         if a.startswith(action):
             return a
     raise _OptionError("invalid action: %r" % (action,))
@@ -397,7 +396,7 @@ def warn_explicit(message, category, filename, lineno,
         if onceregistry.get(oncekey):
             return
         onceregistry[oncekey] = 1
-    elif action == "always":
+    elif action in {"always", "all"}:
         pass
     elif action == "module":
         registry[key] = 1
@@ -629,12 +628,16 @@ def __init_subclass__(*args, **kwargs):
             return arg
         elif callable(arg):
             import functools
+            import inspect
 
             @functools.wraps(arg)
             def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
                 warn(msg, category=category, stacklevel=stacklevel + 1)
                 return arg(*args, **kwargs)
 
+            if inspect.iscoroutinefunction(arg):
+                wrapper = inspect.markcoroutinefunction(wrapper)
+
             arg.__deprecated__ = wrapper.__deprecated__ = msg
             return wrapper
         else:
@@ -690,7 +693,7 @@ def extract():
 
 # filters contains a sequence of filter 5-tuples
 # The components of the 5-tuple are:
-# - an action: error, ignore, always, default, module, or once
+# - an action: error, ignore, always, all, default, module, or once
 # - a compiled regex that must match the warning message
 # - a class representing the warning category
 # - a compiled regex that must match the module that is being warned
diff --git a/Lib/weakref.py b/Lib/weakref.py
index 25b70927e29c31..94e4278143c987 100644
--- a/Lib/weakref.py
+++ b/Lib/weakref.py
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
      ReferenceType,
      _remove_dead_weakref)
 
-from _weakrefset import WeakSet, _IterationGuard
+from _weakrefset import WeakSet
 
 import _collections_abc  # Import after _weakref to avoid circular import.
 import sys
@@ -105,34 +105,14 @@ def __init__(self, other=(), /, **kw):
         def remove(wr, selfref=ref(self), _atomic_removal=_remove_dead_weakref):
             self = selfref()
             if self is not None:
-                if self._iterating:
-                    self._pending_removals.append(wr.key)
-                else:
-                    # Atomic removal is necessary since this function
-                    # can be called asynchronously by the GC
-                    _atomic_removal(self.data, wr.key)
+                # Atomic removal is necessary since this function
+                # can be called asynchronously by the GC
+                _atomic_removal(self.data, wr.key)
         self._remove = remove
-        # A list of keys to be removed
-        self._pending_removals = []
-        self._iterating = set()
         self.data = {}
         self.update(other, **kw)
 
-    def _commit_removals(self, _atomic_removal=_remove_dead_weakref):
-        pop = self._pending_removals.pop
-        d = self.data
-        # We shouldn't encounter any KeyError, because this method should
-        # always be called *before* mutating the dict.
-        while True:
-            try:
-                key = pop()
-            except IndexError:
-                return
-            _atomic_removal(d, key)
-
     def __getitem__(self, key):
-        if self._pending_removals:
-            self._commit_removals()
         o = self.data[key]()
         if o is None:
             raise KeyError(key)
@@ -140,18 +120,12 @@ def __getitem__(self, key):
             return o
 
     def __delitem__(self, key):
-        if self._pending_removals:
-            self._commit_removals()
         del self.data[key]
 
     def __len__(self):
-        if self._pending_removals:
-            self._commit_removals()
         return len(self.data)
 
     def __contains__(self, key):
-        if self._pending_removals:
-            self._commit_removals()
         try:
             o = self.data[key]()
         except KeyError:
@@ -162,38 +136,28 @@ def __repr__(self):
         return "<%s at %#x>" % (self.__class__.__name__, id(self))
 
     def __setitem__(self, key, value):
-        if self._pending_removals:
-            self._commit_removals()
         self.data[key] = KeyedRef(value, self._remove, key)
 
     def copy(self):
-        if self._pending_removals:
-            self._commit_removals()
         new = WeakValueDictionary()
-        with _IterationGuard(self):
-            for key, wr in self.data.items():
-                o = wr()
-                if o is not None:
-                    new[key] = o
+        for key, wr in self.data.copy().items():
+            o = wr()
+            if o is not None:
+                new[key] = o
         return new
 
     __copy__ = copy
 
     def __deepcopy__(self, memo):
         from copy import deepcopy
-        if self._pending_removals:
-            self._commit_removals()
         new = self.__class__()
-        with _IterationGuard(self):
-            for key, wr in self.data.items():
-                o = wr()
-                if o is not None:
-                    new[deepcopy(key, memo)] = o
+        for key, wr in self.data.copy().items():
+            o = wr()
+            if o is not None:
+                new[deepcopy(key, memo)] = o
         return new
 
     def get(self, key, default=None):
-        if self._pending_removals:
-            self._commit_removals()
         try:
             wr = self.data[key]
         except KeyError:
@@ -207,21 +171,15 @@ def get(self, key, default=None):
                 return o
 
     def items(self):
-        if self._pending_removals:
-            self._commit_removals()
-        with _IterationGuard(self):
-            for k, wr in self.data.items():
-                v = wr()
-                if v is not None:
-                    yield k, v
+        for k, wr in self.data.copy().items():
+            v = wr()
+            if v is not None:
+                yield k, v
 
     def keys(self):
-        if self._pending_removals:
-            self._commit_removals()
-        with _IterationGuard(self):
-            for k, wr in self.data.items():
-                if wr() is not None:
-                    yield k
+        for k, wr in self.data.copy().items():
+            if wr() is not None:
+                yield k
 
     __iter__ = keys
 
@@ -235,23 +193,15 @@ def itervaluerefs(self):
         keep the values around longer than needed.
 
         """
-        if self._pending_removals:
-            self._commit_removals()
-        with _IterationGuard(self):
-            yield from self.data.values()
+        yield from self.data.copy().values()
 
     def values(self):
-        if self._pending_removals:
-            self._commit_removals()
-        with _IterationGuard(self):
-            for wr in self.data.values():
-                obj = wr()
-                if obj is not None:
-                    yield obj
+        for wr in self.data.copy().values():
+            obj = wr()
+            if obj is not None:
+                yield obj
 
     def popitem(self):
-        if self._pending_removals:
-            self._commit_removals()
         while True:
             key, wr = self.data.popitem()
             o = wr()
@@ -259,8 +209,6 @@ def popitem(self):
                 return key, o
 
     def pop(self, key, *args):
-        if self._pending_removals:
-            self._commit_removals()
         try:
             o = self.data.pop(key)()
         except KeyError:
@@ -279,16 +227,12 @@ def setdefault(self, key, default=None):
         except KeyError:
             o = None
         if o is None:
-            if self._pending_removals:
-                self._commit_removals()
             self.data[key] = KeyedRef(default, self._remove, key)
             return default
         else:
             return o
 
     def update(self, other=None, /, **kwargs):
-        if self._pending_removals:
-            self._commit_removals()
         d = self.data
         if other is not None:
             if not hasattr(other, "items"):
@@ -308,9 +252,7 @@ def valuerefs(self):
         keep the values around longer than needed.
 
         """
-        if self._pending_removals:
-            self._commit_removals()
-        return list(self.data.values())
+        return list(self.data.copy().values())
 
     def __ior__(self, other):
         self.update(other)
@@ -369,57 +311,22 @@ def __init__(self, dict=None):
         def remove(k, selfref=ref(self)):
             self = selfref()
             if self is not None:
-                if self._iterating:
-                    self._pending_removals.append(k)
-                else:
-                    try:
-                        del self.data[k]
-                    except KeyError:
-                        pass
+                try:
+                    del self.data[k]
+                except KeyError:
+                    pass
         self._remove = remove
-        # A list of dead weakrefs (keys to be removed)
-        self._pending_removals = []
-        self._iterating = set()
-        self._dirty_len = False
         if dict is not None:
             self.update(dict)
 
-    def _commit_removals(self):
-        # NOTE: We don't need to call this method before mutating the dict,
-        # because a dead weakref never compares equal to a live weakref,
-        # even if they happened to refer to equal objects.
-        # However, it means keys may already have been removed.
-        pop = self._pending_removals.pop
-        d = self.data
-        while True:
-            try:
-                key = pop()
-            except IndexError:
-                return
-
-            try:
-                del d[key]
-            except KeyError:
-                pass
-
-    def _scrub_removals(self):
-        d = self.data
-        self._pending_removals = [k for k in self._pending_removals if k in d]
-        self._dirty_len = False
-
     def __delitem__(self, key):
-        self._dirty_len = True
         del self.data[ref(key)]
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         return self.data[ref(key)]
 
     def __len__(self):
-        if self._dirty_len and self._pending_removals:
-            # self._pending_removals may still contain keys which were
-            # explicitly removed, we have to scrub them (see issue #21173).
-            self._scrub_removals()
-        return len(self.data) - len(self._pending_removals)
+        return len(self.data)
 
     def __repr__(self):
         return "<%s at %#x>" % (self.__class__.__name__, id(self))
@@ -429,11 +336,10 @@ def __setitem__(self, key, value):
 
     def copy(self):
         new = WeakKeyDictionary()
-        with _IterationGuard(self):
-            for key, value in self.data.items():
-                o = key()
-                if o is not None:
-                    new[o] = value
+        for key, value in self.data.copy().items():
+            o = key()
+            if o is not None:
+                new[o] = value
         return new
 
     __copy__ = copy
@@ -441,11 +347,10 @@ def copy(self):
     def __deepcopy__(self, memo):
         from copy import deepcopy
         new = self.__class__()
-        with _IterationGuard(self):
-            for key, value in self.data.items():
-                o = key()
-                if o is not None:
-                    new[o] = deepcopy(value, memo)
+        for key, value in self.data.copy().items():
+            o = key()
+            if o is not None:
+                new[o] = deepcopy(value, memo)
         return new
 
     def get(self, key, default=None):
@@ -459,26 +364,23 @@ def __contains__(self, key):
         return wr in self.data
 
     def items(self):
-        with _IterationGuard(self):
-            for wr, value in self.data.items():
-                key = wr()
-                if key is not None:
-                    yield key, value
+        for wr, value in self.data.copy().items():
+            key = wr()
+            if key is not None:
+                yield key, value
 
     def keys(self):
-        with _IterationGuard(self):
-            for wr in self.data:
-                obj = wr()
-                if obj is not None:
-                    yield obj
+        for wr in self.data.copy():
+            obj = wr()
+            if obj is not None:
+                yield obj
 
     __iter__ = keys
 
     def values(self):
-        with _IterationGuard(self):
-            for wr, value in self.data.items():
-                if wr() is not None:
-                    yield value
+        for wr, value in self.data.copy().items():
+            if wr() is not None:
+                yield value
 
     def keyrefs(self):
         """Return a list of weak references to the keys.
@@ -493,7 +395,6 @@ def keyrefs(self):
         return list(self.data)
 
     def popitem(self):
-        self._dirty_len = True
         while True:
             key, value = self.data.popitem()
             o = key()
@@ -501,7 +402,6 @@ def popitem(self):
                 return o, value
 
     def pop(self, key, *args):
-        self._dirty_len = True
         return self.data.pop(ref(key), *args)
 
     def setdefault(self, key, default=None):
diff --git a/Lib/webbrowser.py b/Lib/webbrowser.py
index 6fca257c02664f..d2efc72113a917 100644
--- a/Lib/webbrowser.py
+++ b/Lib/webbrowser.py
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ def register(name, klass, instance=None, *, preferred=False):
         # Preferred browsers go to the front of the list.
         # Need to match to the default browser returned by xdg-settings, which
         # may be of the form e.g. "firefox.desktop".
-        if preferred or (_os_preferred_browser and name in _os_preferred_browser):
+        if preferred or (_os_preferred_browser and f'{name}.desktop' == _os_preferred_browser):
             _tryorder.insert(0, name)
         else:
             _tryorder.append(name)
@@ -80,6 +80,9 @@ def open(url, new=0, autoraise=True):
     - 1: a new browser window.
     - 2: a new browser page ("tab").
     If possible, autoraise raises the window (the default) or not.
+
+    If opening the browser succeeds, return True.
+    If there is a problem, return False.
     """
     if _tryorder is None:
         with _lock:
diff --git a/Lib/xml/dom/__init__.py b/Lib/xml/dom/__init__.py
index 97cf9a6429993d..dd7fb996afd616 100644
--- a/Lib/xml/dom/__init__.py
+++ b/Lib/xml/dom/__init__.py
@@ -137,4 +137,4 @@ class UserDataHandler:
 EMPTY_NAMESPACE = None
 EMPTY_PREFIX = None
 
-from .domreg import getDOMImplementation, registerDOMImplementation
+from .domreg import getDOMImplementation, registerDOMImplementation  # noqa: F401
diff --git a/Lib/xml/sax/__init__.py b/Lib/xml/sax/__init__.py
index b657310207cfe5..fe4582c6f8b758 100644
--- a/Lib/xml/sax/__init__.py
+++ b/Lib/xml/sax/__init__.py
@@ -21,9 +21,9 @@
 
 from .xmlreader import InputSource
 from .handler import ContentHandler, ErrorHandler
-from ._exceptions import SAXException, SAXNotRecognizedException, \
-                        SAXParseException, SAXNotSupportedException, \
-                        SAXReaderNotAvailable
+from ._exceptions import (SAXException, SAXNotRecognizedException,
+                          SAXParseException, SAXNotSupportedException,
+                          SAXReaderNotAvailable)
 
 
 def parse(source, handler, errorHandler=ErrorHandler()):
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ def parseString(string, handler, errorHandler=ErrorHandler()):
 # tell modulefinder that importing sax potentially imports expatreader
 _false = 0
 if _false:
-    import xml.sax.expatreader
+    import xml.sax.expatreader    # noqa: F401
 
 import os, sys
 if not sys.flags.ignore_environment and "PY_SAX_PARSER" in os.environ:
@@ -92,3 +92,9 @@ def make_parser(parser_list=()):
 def _create_parser(parser_name):
     drv_module = __import__(parser_name,{},{},['create_parser'])
     return drv_module.create_parser()
+
+
+__all__ = ['ContentHandler', 'ErrorHandler', 'InputSource', 'SAXException',
+           'SAXNotRecognizedException', 'SAXNotSupportedException',
+           'SAXParseException', 'SAXReaderNotAvailable',
+           'default_parser_list', 'make_parser', 'parse', 'parseString']
diff --git a/Lib/xml/sax/handler.py b/Lib/xml/sax/handler.py
index e8d417e5194232..3183c3fe96d74f 100644
--- a/Lib/xml/sax/handler.py
+++ b/Lib/xml/sax/handler.py
@@ -371,7 +371,7 @@ def startDTD(self, name, public_id, system_id):
 
         name is the name of the document element type, public_id the
         public identifier of the DTD (or None if none were supplied)
-        and system_id the system identfier of the external subset (or
+        and system_id the system identifier of the external subset (or
         None if none were supplied)."""
 
     def endDTD(self):
diff --git a/Lib/xmlrpc/server.py b/Lib/xmlrpc/server.py
index 4dddb1d10e08bd..90a356fbb8eae4 100644
--- a/Lib/xmlrpc/server.py
+++ b/Lib/xmlrpc/server.py
@@ -578,6 +578,7 @@ class SimpleXMLRPCServer(socketserver.TCPServer,
     """
 
     allow_reuse_address = True
+    allow_reuse_port = True
 
     # Warning: this is for debugging purposes only! Never set this to True in
     # production code, as will be sending out sensitive information (exception
diff --git a/Lib/zipfile/_path/__init__.py b/Lib/zipfile/_path/__init__.py
index f5ea18cee61930..c0e53e273cfaac 100644
--- a/Lib/zipfile/_path/__init__.py
+++ b/Lib/zipfile/_path/__init__.py
@@ -1,3 +1,12 @@
+"""
+A Path-like interface for zipfiles.
+
+This codebase is shared between zipfile.Path in the stdlib
+and zipp in PyPI. See
+https://github.com/python/importlib_metadata/wiki/Development-Methodology
+for more detail.
+"""
+
 import io
 import posixpath
 import zipfile
@@ -36,7 +45,7 @@ def _parents(path):
 def _ancestry(path):
     """
     Given a path with elements separated by
-    posixpath.sep, generate all elements of that path
+    posixpath.sep, generate all elements of that path.
 
     >>> list(_ancestry('b/d'))
     ['b/d', 'b']
@@ -48,9 +57,14 @@ def _ancestry(path):
     ['b']
     >>> list(_ancestry(''))
     []
+
+    Multiple separators are treated like a single.
+
+    >>> list(_ancestry('//b//d///f//'))
+    ['//b//d///f', '//b//d', '//b']
     """
     path = path.rstrip(posixpath.sep)
-    while path and path != posixpath.sep:
+    while path.rstrip(posixpath.sep):
         yield path
         path, tail = posixpath.split(path)
 
@@ -188,7 +202,10 @@ def _extract_text_encoding(encoding=None, *args, **kwargs):
 
 class Path:
     """
-    A pathlib-compatible interface for zip files.
+    A :class:`importlib.resources.abc.Traversable` interface for zip files.
+
+    Implements many of the features users enjoy from
+    :class:`pathlib.Path`.
 
     Consider a zip file with this structure::
 
@@ -263,7 +280,7 @@ class Path:
     >>> str(path.parent)
     'mem'
 
-    If the zipfile has no filename, such attributes are not
+    If the zipfile has no filename, such attributes are not
     valid and accessing them will raise an Exception.
 
     >>> zf.filename = None
@@ -404,8 +421,7 @@ def glob(self, pattern):
         prefix = re.escape(self.at)
         tr = Translator(seps='/')
         matches = re.compile(prefix + tr.translate(pattern)).fullmatch
-        names = (data.filename for data in self.root.filelist)
-        return map(self._next, filter(matches, names))
+        return map(self._next, filter(matches, self.root.namelist()))
 
     def rglob(self, pattern):
         return self.glob(f'**/{pattern}')
diff --git a/Lib/zipfile/_path/glob.py b/Lib/zipfile/_path/glob.py
index 69c41d77c3f654..4320f1c0badcf9 100644
--- a/Lib/zipfile/_path/glob.py
+++ b/Lib/zipfile/_path/glob.py
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ def translate(self, pattern):
         """
         Given a glob pattern, produce a regex that matches it.
         """
-        return self.extend(self.translate_core(pattern))
+        return self.extend(self.match_dirs(self.translate_core(pattern)))
 
     def extend(self, pattern):
         r"""
@@ -41,6 +41,14 @@ def extend(self, pattern):
         """
         return rf'(?s:{pattern})\Z'
 
+    def match_dirs(self, pattern):
+        """
+        Ensure that zipfile.Path directory names are matched.
+
+        zipfile.Path directory names always end in a slash.
+        """
+        return rf'{pattern}[/]?'
+
     def translate_core(self, pattern):
         r"""
         Given a glob pattern, produce a regex that matches it.
diff --git a/Lib/zipimport.py b/Lib/zipimport.py
index a49a21f0799df2..e5192c4d074c4b 100644
--- a/Lib/zipimport.py
+++ b/Lib/zipimport.py
@@ -155,6 +155,8 @@ def get_data(self, pathname):
             toc_entry = self._get_files()[key]
         except KeyError:
             raise OSError(0, '', key)
+        if toc_entry is None:
+            return b''
         return _get_data(self.archive, toc_entry)
 
 
@@ -254,17 +256,9 @@ def load_module(self, fullname):
 
 
     def get_resource_reader(self, fullname):
-        """Return the ResourceReader for a package in a zip file.
-
-        If 'fullname' is a package within the zip file, return the
-        'ResourceReader' object for the package.  Otherwise return None.
-        """
-        try:
-            if not self.is_package(fullname):
-                return None
-        except ZipImportError:
-            return None
+        """Return the ResourceReader for a module in a zip file."""
         from importlib.readers import ZipReader
+
         return ZipReader(self, fullname)
 
 
@@ -521,7 +515,7 @@ def _read_directory(archive):
 
                             # N.b. Here be dragons: the ordering of these is different than
                             # the header fields, and it's really easy to get it wrong since
-                            # naturally-occuring zips that use all 3 are >4GB
+                            # naturally-occurring zips that use all 3 are >4GB
                             if file_size == MAX_UINT32:
                                 file_size = values.pop(0)
                             if data_size == MAX_UINT32:
@@ -554,6 +548,22 @@ def _read_directory(archive):
         finally:
             fp.seek(start_offset)
     _bootstrap._verbose_message('zipimport: found {} names in {!r}', count, archive)
+
+    # Add implicit directories.
+    count = 0
+    for name in list(files):
+        while True:
+            i = name.rstrip(path_sep).rfind(path_sep)
+            if i < 0:
+                break
+            name = name[:i + 1]
+            if name in files:
+                break
+            files[name] = None
+            count += 1
+    if count:
+        _bootstrap._verbose_message('zipimport: added {} implicit directories in {!r}',
+                                    count, archive)
     return files
 
 # During bootstrap, we may need to load the encodings
@@ -687,7 +697,7 @@ def _unmarshal_code(self, pathname, fullpath, fullname, data):
             source_bytes = _get_pyc_source(self, fullpath)
             if source_bytes is not None:
                 source_hash = _imp.source_hash(
-                    _bootstrap_external._RAW_MAGIC_NUMBER,
+                    _imp.pyc_magic_number_token,
                     source_bytes,
                 )
 
diff --git a/Mac/BuildScript/build-installer.py b/Mac/BuildScript/build-installer.py
index 8386e407f49aa3..f5f0ed44884142 100755
--- a/Mac/BuildScript/build-installer.py
+++ b/Mac/BuildScript/build-installer.py
@@ -246,9 +246,9 @@ def library_recipes():
 
     result.extend([
           dict(
-              name="OpenSSL 3.0.13",
-              url="https://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-3.0.13.tar.gz",
-              checksum='88525753f79d3bec27d2fa7c66aa0b92b3aa9498dafd93d7cfa4b3780cdae313',
+              name="OpenSSL 3.0.15",
+              url="https://github.com/openssl/openssl/releases/download/openssl-3.0.15/openssl-3.0.15.tar.gz",
+              checksum='23c666d0edf20f14249b3d8f0368acaee9ab585b09e1de82107c66e1f3ec9533',
               buildrecipe=build_universal_openssl,
               configure=None,
               install=None,
@@ -264,10 +264,10 @@ def library_recipes():
             tk_patches = ['backport_gh71383_fix.patch', 'tk868_on_10_8_10_9.patch', 'backport_gh110950_fix.patch']
 
         else:
-            tcl_tk_ver='8.6.14'
-            tcl_checksum='5880225babf7954c58d4fb0f5cf6279104ce1cd6aa9b71e9a6322540e1c4de66'
+            tcl_tk_ver='8.6.15'
+            tcl_checksum='861e159753f2e2fbd6ec1484103715b0be56be3357522b858d3cbb5f893ffef1'
 
-            tk_checksum='8ffdb720f47a6ca6107eac2dd877e30b0ef7fac14f3a84ebbd0b3612cee41a94'
+            tk_checksum='550969f35379f952b3020f3ab7b9dd5bfd11c1ef7c9b7c6a75f5c49aca793fec'
             tk_patches = []
 
 
diff --git a/Mac/Resources/app-store-compliance.patch b/Mac/Resources/app-store-compliance.patch
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..f4b7decc01cf1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Mac/Resources/app-store-compliance.patch
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+diff --git a/Lib/test/test_urlparse.py b/Lib/test/test_urlparse.py
+index d6c83a75c1c..19ed4e01091 100644
+--- a/Lib/test/test_urlparse.py
++++ b/Lib/test/test_urlparse.py
+@@ -237,11 +237,6 @@ def test_roundtrips(self):
+               '','',''),
+              ('git+ssh', 'git@github.com','/user/project.git',
+               '', '')),
+-            ('itms-services://?action=download-manifest&url=https://example.com/app',
+-             ('itms-services', '', '', '',
+-              'action=download-manifest&url=https://example.com/app', ''),
+-             ('itms-services', '', '',
+-              'action=download-manifest&url=https://example.com/app', '')),
+             ('+scheme:path/to/file',
+              ('', '', '+scheme:path/to/file', '', '', ''),
+              ('', '', '+scheme:path/to/file', '', '')),
+diff --git a/Lib/urllib/parse.py b/Lib/urllib/parse.py
+index 8f724f907d4..148caf742c9 100644
+--- a/Lib/urllib/parse.py
++++ b/Lib/urllib/parse.py
+@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@
+                'imap', 'wais', 'file', 'mms', 'https', 'shttp',
+                'snews', 'prospero', 'rtsp', 'rtsps', 'rtspu', 'rsync',
+                'svn', 'svn+ssh', 'sftp', 'nfs', 'git', 'git+ssh',
+-               'ws', 'wss', 'itms-services']
++               'ws', 'wss']
+
+ uses_params = ['', 'ftp', 'hdl', 'prospero', 'http', 'imap',
+                'https', 'shttp', 'rtsp', 'rtsps', 'rtspu', 'sip',
diff --git a/Makefile.pre.in b/Makefile.pre.in
index 22dba279faa935..751e7ab8b427f5 100644
--- a/Makefile.pre.in
+++ b/Makefile.pre.in
@@ -41,8 +41,9 @@ AR=		@AR@
 READELF=	@READELF@
 SOABI=		@SOABI@
 ABIFLAGS=	@ABIFLAGS@
+ABI_THREAD=	@ABI_THREAD@
 LDVERSION=	@LDVERSION@
-MODULE_LDFLAGS=@MODULE_LDFLAGS@
+LIBPYTHON=@LIBPYTHON@
 GITVERSION=	@GITVERSION@
 GITTAG=		@GITTAG@
 GITBRANCH=	@GITBRANCH@
@@ -158,7 +159,7 @@ WHEEL_PKG_DIR=	@WHEEL_PKG_DIR@
 
 # Detailed destination directories
 BINLIBDEST=	@BINLIBDEST@
-LIBDEST=	$(SCRIPTDIR)/python$(VERSION)
+LIBDEST=	$(SCRIPTDIR)/python$(VERSION)$(ABI_THREAD)
 INCLUDEPY=	$(INCLUDEDIR)/python$(LDVERSION)
 CONFINCLUDEPY=	$(CONFINCLUDEDIR)/python$(LDVERSION)
 
@@ -167,7 +168,7 @@ SHLIB_SUFFIX=	@SHLIB_SUFFIX@
 EXT_SUFFIX=	@EXT_SUFFIX@
 LDSHARED=	@LDSHARED@ $(PY_LDFLAGS)
 BLDSHARED=	@BLDSHARED@ $(PY_CORE_LDFLAGS)
-LDCXXSHARED=	@LDCXXSHARED@
+LDCXXSHARED=	@LDCXXSHARED@ $(PY_LDFLAGS)
 DESTSHARED=	$(BINLIBDEST)/lib-dynload
 
 # List of exported symbols for AIX
@@ -178,6 +179,9 @@ EXPORTSFROM=	@EXPORTSFROM@
 EXE=		@EXEEXT@
 BUILDEXE=	@BUILDEXEEXT@
 
+# Name of the patch file to apply for app store compliance
+APP_STORE_COMPLIANCE_PATCH=@APP_STORE_COMPLIANCE_PATCH@
+
 # Short name and location for Mac OS X Python framework
 UNIVERSALSDK=@UNIVERSALSDK@
 PYTHONFRAMEWORK=	@PYTHONFRAMEWORK@
@@ -217,6 +221,12 @@ ENSUREPIP=      @ENSUREPIP@
 LIBMPDEC_A= Modules/_decimal/libmpdec/libmpdec.a
 LIBEXPAT_A= Modules/expat/libexpat.a
 LIBHACL_SHA2_A= Modules/_hacl/libHacl_Hash_SHA2.a
+LIBHACL_BLAKE2_A= Modules/_hacl/libHacl_Hash_Blake2.a
+LIBHACL_CFLAGS=@LIBHACL_CFLAGS@
+LIBHACL_SIMD128_FLAGS=@LIBHACL_SIMD128_FLAGS@
+LIBHACL_SIMD256_FLAGS=@LIBHACL_SIMD256_FLAGS@
+LIBHACL_SIMD128_OBJS=@LIBHACL_SIMD128_OBJS@
+LIBHACL_SIMD256_OBJS=@LIBHACL_SIMD256_OBJS@
 
 # Module state, compiler flags and linker flags
 # Empty CFLAGS and LDFLAGS are omitted.
@@ -419,6 +429,7 @@ PYTHON_OBJS=	\
 		Python/brc.o \
 		Python/ceval.o \
 		Python/codecs.o \
+		Python/codegen.o \
 		Python/compile.o \
 		Python/context.o \
 		Python/critical_section.o \
@@ -479,6 +490,7 @@ PYTHON_OBJS=	\
 		Python/thread.o \
 		Python/traceback.o \
 		Python/tracemalloc.o \
+		Python/uniqueid.o \
 		Python/getopt.o \
 		Python/pystrcmp.o \
 		Python/pystrtod.o \
@@ -641,6 +653,13 @@ LIBEXPAT_HEADERS= \
 LIBHACL_SHA2_OBJS= \
                 Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_SHA2.o
 
+LIBHACL_BLAKE2_OBJS= \
+                Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_Blake2s.o \
+                Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_Blake2b.o \
+                Modules/_hacl/Lib_Memzero0.o \
+		$(LIBHACL_SIMD128_OBJS) \
+		$(LIBHACL_SIMD256_OBJS)
+
 LIBHACL_HEADERS= \
                 Modules/_hacl/include/krml/FStar_UInt128_Verified.h \
                 Modules/_hacl/include/krml/FStar_UInt_8_16_32_64.h \
@@ -656,6 +675,18 @@ LIBHACL_SHA2_HEADERS= \
                 Modules/_hacl/internal/Hacl_Hash_SHA2.h \
 		$(LIBHACL_HEADERS)
 
+LIBHACL_BLAKE2_HEADERS= \
+		Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_Blake2b.h \
+		Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_Blake2s.h \
+		Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128.h \
+		Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256.h \
+		Modules/_hacl/internal/Hacl_Hash_Blake2b.h \
+		Modules/_hacl/internal/Hacl_Hash_Blake2s.h \
+		Modules/_hacl/internal/Hacl_Impl_Blake2_Constants.h \
+		Modules/_hacl/internal/Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128.h \
+		Modules/_hacl/internal/Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256.h \
+		$(LIBHACL_HEADERS)
+
 #########################################################################
 # Rules
 
@@ -691,7 +722,7 @@ list-targets:
 	@grep -E '^[A-Za-z][-A-Za-z0-9]+:' Makefile | awk -F : '{print $$1}'
 
 .PHONY: build_all
-build_all:	check-clean-src $(BUILDPYTHON) platform sharedmods \
+build_all:	check-clean-src check-app-store-compliance $(BUILDPYTHON) platform sharedmods \
 		gdbhooks Programs/_testembed scripts checksharedmods rundsymutil
 
 .PHONY: build_wasm
@@ -714,6 +745,16 @@ check-clean-src:
 		exit 1; \
 	fi
 
+# Check that the app store compliance patch can be applied (if configured).
+# This is checked as a dry-run against the original library sources;
+# the patch will be actually applied during the install phase.
+.PHONY: check-app-store-compliance
+check-app-store-compliance:
+	@if [ "$(APP_STORE_COMPLIANCE_PATCH)" != "" ]; then \
+		patch --dry-run --quiet --force --strip 1 --directory "$(abs_srcdir)" --input "$(abs_srcdir)/$(APP_STORE_COMPLIANCE_PATCH)"; \
+		echo "App store compliance patch can be applied."; \
+	fi
+
 # Profile generation build must start from a clean tree.
 profile-clean-stamp:
 	$(MAKE) clean
@@ -825,7 +866,7 @@ coverage-lcov:
 	@ # remove 3rd party modules, system headers and internal files with
 	@ # debug, test or dummy functions.
 	@lcov $(COVERAGE_LCOV_OPTIONS) --remove $(COVERAGE_INFO) \
-	    '*/Modules/_blake2/impl/*' \
+	    '*/Modules/_hacl/*' \
 	    '*/Modules/_ctypes/libffi*/*' \
 	    '*/Modules/_decimal/libmpdec/*' \
 	    '*/Modules/expat/*' \
@@ -855,7 +896,7 @@ coverage-report: regen-token regen-frozen
 
 # Run "Argument Clinic" over all source files
 .PHONY: clinic
-clinic: check-clean-src $(srcdir)/Modules/_blake2/blake2s_impl.c
+clinic: check-clean-src
 	$(PYTHON_FOR_REGEN) $(srcdir)/Tools/clinic/clinic.py --make --exclude Lib/test/clinic.test.c --srcdir $(srcdir)
 
 .PHONY: clinic-tests
@@ -885,11 +926,6 @@ pybuilddir.txt: $(PYTHON_FOR_BUILD_DEPS)
 		exit 1 ; \
 	fi
 
-# blake2s is auto-generated from blake2b
-$(srcdir)/Modules/_blake2/blake2s_impl.c: $(srcdir)/Modules/_blake2/blake2b_impl.c $(srcdir)/Modules/_blake2/blake2b2s.py
-	$(PYTHON_FOR_REGEN) $(srcdir)/Modules/_blake2/blake2b2s.py
-	$(PYTHON_FOR_REGEN) $(srcdir)/Tools/clinic/clinic.py -f $@
-
 # Build static library
 $(LIBRARY): $(LIBRARY_OBJS)
 	-rm -f $@
@@ -948,7 +984,7 @@ $(PYTHONFRAMEWORKDIR)/Versions/$(VERSION)/$(PYTHONFRAMEWORK): \
 	$(LN) -fsn Versions/Current/$(PYTHONFRAMEWORK) $(PYTHONFRAMEWORKDIR)/$(PYTHONFRAMEWORK)
 	$(LN) -fsn Versions/Current/Resources $(PYTHONFRAMEWORKDIR)/Resources
 
-# This rule is for iOS, which requires an annoyingly just slighly different
+# This rule is for iOS, which requires an annoyingly just slightly different
 # format for frameworks to macOS. It *doesn't* use a versioned framework, and
 # the Info.plist must be in the root of the framework.
 $(PYTHONFRAMEWORKDIR)/$(PYTHONFRAMEWORK): \
@@ -996,6 +1032,7 @@ python.worker.js: $(srcdir)/Tools/wasm/python.worker.js
 PYTHON_HEADERS= \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/Python.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/abstract.h \
+		$(srcdir)/Include/audit.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/bltinmodule.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/boolobject.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/bytearrayobject.h \
@@ -1004,6 +1041,7 @@ PYTHON_HEADERS= \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/codecs.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/compile.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/complexobject.h \
+		$(srcdir)/Include/critical_section.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/descrobject.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/dictobject.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/dynamic_annotations.h \
@@ -1019,6 +1057,7 @@ PYTHON_HEADERS= \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/intrcheck.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/iterobject.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/listobject.h \
+		$(srcdir)/Include/lock.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/longobject.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/marshal.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/memoryobject.h \
@@ -1072,6 +1111,7 @@ PYTHON_HEADERS= \
 		$(PARSER_HEADERS) \
 		\
 		$(srcdir)/Include/cpython/abstract.h \
+		$(srcdir)/Include/cpython/audit.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/cpython/bytearrayobject.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/cpython/bytesobject.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/cpython/cellobject.h \
@@ -1081,6 +1121,7 @@ PYTHON_HEADERS= \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/cpython/compile.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/cpython/complexobject.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/cpython/context.h \
+		$(srcdir)/Include/cpython/critical_section.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/cpython/descrobject.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/cpython/dictobject.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/cpython/fileobject.h \
@@ -1092,15 +1133,16 @@ PYTHON_HEADERS= \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/cpython/import.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/cpython/initconfig.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/cpython/listobject.h \
+		$(srcdir)/Include/cpython/lock.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/cpython/longintrepr.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/cpython/longobject.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/cpython/memoryobject.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/cpython/methodobject.h \
+		$(srcdir)/Include/cpython/modsupport.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/cpython/monitoring.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/cpython/object.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/cpython/objimpl.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/cpython/odictobject.h \
-		$(srcdir)/Include/cpython/optimizer.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/cpython/picklebufobject.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/cpython/pthread_stubs.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/cpython/pyatomic.h \
@@ -1119,7 +1161,6 @@ PYTHON_HEADERS= \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/cpython/pythonrun.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/cpython/pythread.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/cpython/setobject.h \
-		$(srcdir)/Include/cpython/sysmodule.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/cpython/traceback.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/cpython/tracemalloc.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/cpython/tupleobject.h \
@@ -1134,6 +1175,7 @@ PYTHON_HEADERS= \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/internal/pycore_ast.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/internal/pycore_ast_state.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/internal/pycore_atexit.h \
+		$(srcdir)/Include/internal/pycore_audit.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/internal/pycore_backoff.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/internal/pycore_bitutils.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/internal/pycore_blocks_output_buffer.h \
@@ -1153,6 +1195,7 @@ PYTHON_HEADERS= \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/internal/pycore_context.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/internal/pycore_critical_section.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/internal/pycore_crossinterp.h \
+		$(srcdir)/Include/internal/pycore_debug_offsets.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/internal/pycore_descrobject.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/internal/pycore_dict.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/internal/pycore_dict_state.h \
@@ -1165,6 +1208,7 @@ PYTHON_HEADERS= \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/internal/pycore_format.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/internal/pycore_frame.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/internal/pycore_freelist.h \
+		$(srcdir)/Include/internal/pycore_freelist_state.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/internal/pycore_function.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/internal/pycore_gc.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/internal/pycore_genobject.h \
@@ -1175,7 +1219,6 @@ PYTHON_HEADERS= \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/internal/pycore_global_strings.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/internal/pycore_hamt.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/internal/pycore_hashtable.h \
-		$(srcdir)/Include/internal/pycore_identifier.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/internal/pycore_import.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/internal/pycore_importdl.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/internal/pycore_initconfig.h \
@@ -1195,6 +1238,7 @@ PYTHON_HEADERS= \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/internal/pycore_namespace.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/internal/pycore_object.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/internal/pycore_object_alloc.h \
+		$(srcdir)/Include/internal/pycore_object_deferred.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/internal/pycore_object_stack.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/internal/pycore_object_state.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/internal/pycore_obmalloc.h \
@@ -1238,6 +1282,7 @@ PYTHON_HEADERS= \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/internal/pycore_tracemalloc.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/internal/pycore_tstate.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/internal/pycore_tuple.h \
+		$(srcdir)/Include/internal/pycore_uniqueid.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/internal/pycore_typeobject.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/internal/pycore_typevarobject.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/internal/pycore_ucnhash.h \
@@ -1325,8 +1370,9 @@ $(LIBEXPAT_A): $(LIBEXPAT_OBJS)
 	$(AR) $(ARFLAGS) $@ $(LIBEXPAT_OBJS)
 
 ##########################################################################
-# Build HACL* static libraries for hashlib: libHacl_Hash_SHA2.a
-LIBHACL_CFLAGS=-I$(srcdir)/Modules/_hacl/include -D_BSD_SOURCE -D_DEFAULT_SOURCE $(PY_STDMODULE_CFLAGS) $(CCSHARED)
+# Build HACL* static libraries for hashlib: libHacl_Hash_SHA2.a, and
+# libHacl_Blake2.a -- the contents of the latter vary depending on whether we
+# have the ability to compile vectorized versions
 
 Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_SHA2.o: $(srcdir)/Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_SHA2.c $(LIBHACL_SHA2_HEADERS)
 	$(CC) -c $(LIBHACL_CFLAGS) -o $@ $(srcdir)/Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_SHA2.c
@@ -1335,6 +1381,31 @@ $(LIBHACL_SHA2_A): $(LIBHACL_SHA2_OBJS)
 	-rm -f $@
 	$(AR) $(ARFLAGS) $@ $(LIBHACL_SHA2_OBJS)
 
+Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_Blake2s.o: $(srcdir)/Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_Blake2s.c $(LIBHACL_BLAKE2_HEADERS)
+	$(CC) -c $(LIBHACL_CFLAGS) -o $@ $(srcdir)/Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_Blake2s.c
+
+Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_Blake2b.o: $(srcdir)/Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_Blake2b.c $(LIBHACL_BLAKE2_HEADERS)
+	$(CC) -c $(LIBHACL_CFLAGS) -o $@ $(srcdir)/Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_Blake2b.c
+
+Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128.o: $(srcdir)/Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128.c $(LIBHACL_BLAKE2_HEADERS)
+	$(CC) -c $(LIBHACL_CFLAGS) $(LIBHACL_SIMD128_FLAGS) -DHACL_CAN_COMPILE_VEC128 -o $@ $(srcdir)/Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128.c
+
+Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_universal2.o: $(srcdir)/Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_universal2.c $(LIBHACL_BLAKE2_HEADERS)
+	$(CC) -c $(LIBHACL_CFLAGS) $(LIBHACL_SIMD128_FLAGS) -DHACL_CAN_COMPILE_VEC128 -o $@ $(srcdir)/Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_universal2.c
+
+Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256.o: $(srcdir)/Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256.c $(LIBHACL_BLAKE2_HEADERS)
+	$(CC) -c $(LIBHACL_CFLAGS) $(LIBHACL_SIMD256_FLAGS) -DHACL_CAN_COMPILE_VEC256 -o $@ $(srcdir)/Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256.c
+
+Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_universal2.o: $(srcdir)/Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_universal2.c $(LIBHACL_BLAKE2_HEADERS)
+	$(CC) -c $(LIBHACL_CFLAGS) $(LIBHACL_SIMD256_FLAGS) -DHACL_CAN_COMPILE_VEC256 -o $@ $(srcdir)/Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_universal2.c
+
+Modules/_hacl/Lib_Memzero0.o: $(srcdir)/Modules/_hacl/Lib_Memzero0.c $(LIBHACL_BLAKE2_HEADERS)
+	$(CC) -c $(LIBHACL_CFLAGS) -o $@ $(srcdir)/Modules/_hacl/Lib_Memzero0.c
+
+$(LIBHACL_BLAKE2_A): $(LIBHACL_BLAKE2_OBJS)
+	-rm -f $@
+	$(AR) $(ARFLAGS) $@ $(LIBHACL_BLAKE2_OBJS)
+
 # create relative links from build/lib.platform/egg.so to Modules/egg.so
 # pybuilddir.txt is created too late. We cannot use it in Makefile
 # targets. ln --relative is not portable.
@@ -1628,7 +1699,7 @@ check-abidump: all
 
 .PHONY: regen-limited-abi
 regen-limited-abi: all
-	$(RUNSHARED) ./$(BUILDPYTHON) $(srcdir)/Tools/build/stable_abi.py --generate-all $(srcdir)/Misc/stable_abi.toml
+	$(RUNSHARED) ./$(BUILDPYTHON) $(srcdir)/Tools/build/stable_abi.py --generate-all
 
 ############################################################################
 # Regenerate Unicode Data
@@ -1646,7 +1717,7 @@ regen-unicodedata:
 regen-all: regen-cases regen-typeslots \
 	regen-token regen-ast regen-keyword regen-sre regen-frozen \
 	regen-pegen-metaparser regen-pegen regen-test-frozenmain \
-	regen-test-levenshtein regen-global-objects regen-jit
+	regen-test-levenshtein regen-global-objects
 	@echo
 	@echo "Note: make regen-stdlib-module-names, make regen-limited-abi, "
 	@echo "make regen-configure, make regen-sbom, and make regen-unicodedata should be run manually"
@@ -1812,7 +1883,7 @@ regen-sre:
 		$(srcdir)/Modules/_sre/sre_constants.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Modules/_sre/sre_targets.h
 
-Python/compile.o Python/symtable.o Python/ast_unparse.o Python/ast.o Python/future.o: $(srcdir)/Include/internal/pycore_ast.h $(srcdir)/Include/internal/pycore_ast.h
+Python/compile.o Python/codegen.o Python/symtable.o Python/ast_unparse.o Python/ast.o Python/future.o: $(srcdir)/Include/internal/pycore_ast.h $(srcdir)/Include/internal/pycore_ast.h
 
 Python/getplatform.o: $(srcdir)/Python/getplatform.c
 		$(CC) -c $(PY_CORE_CFLAGS) -DPLATFORM='"$(MACHDEP)"' -o $@ $(srcdir)/Python/getplatform.c
@@ -1948,7 +2019,7 @@ regen-uop-metadata:
 	    $(srcdir)/Include/internal/pycore_uop_metadata.h.new $(srcdir)/Python/bytecodes.c
 	$(UPDATE_FILE) $(srcdir)/Include/internal/pycore_uop_metadata.h $(srcdir)/Include/internal/pycore_uop_metadata.h.new
 
-Python/compile.o Python/assemble.o Python/flowgraph.o Python/instruction_sequence.o: \
+Python/compile.o Python/codegen.o Python/assemble.o Python/flowgraph.o Python/instruction_sequence.o: \
                 $(srcdir)/Include/internal/pycore_compile.h \
                 $(srcdir)/Include/internal/pycore_flowgraph.h \
                 $(srcdir)/Include/internal/pycore_instruction_sequence.h \
@@ -2347,6 +2418,8 @@ LIBSUBDIRS=	asyncio \
 		__phello__
 TESTSUBDIRS=	idlelib/idle_test \
 		test \
+		test/test_ast \
+		test/test_ast/data \
 		test/archivetestdata \
 		test/audiodata \
 		test/certdata \
@@ -2426,21 +2499,6 @@ TESTSUBDIRS=	idlelib/idle_test \
 		test/test_importlib/namespace_pkgs/project3/parent/child \
 		test/test_importlib/partial \
 		test/test_importlib/resources \
-		test/test_importlib/resources/data01 \
-		test/test_importlib/resources/data01/subdirectory \
-		test/test_importlib/resources/data02 \
-		test/test_importlib/resources/data02/one \
-		test/test_importlib/resources/data02/subdirectory \
-		test/test_importlib/resources/data02/subdirectory/subsubdir \
-		test/test_importlib/resources/data02/two \
-		test/test_importlib/resources/data03 \
-		test/test_importlib/resources/data03/namespace \
-		test/test_importlib/resources/data03/namespace/portion1 \
-		test/test_importlib/resources/data03/namespace/portion2 \
-		test/test_importlib/resources/namespacedata01 \
-		test/test_importlib/resources/namespacedata01/subdirectory \
-		test/test_importlib/resources/zipdata01 \
-		test/test_importlib/resources/zipdata02 \
 		test/test_importlib/source \
 		test/test_inspect \
 		test/test_interpreters \
@@ -2476,6 +2534,10 @@ TESTSUBDIRS=	idlelib/idle_test \
 		test/test_tools \
 		test/test_ttk \
 		test/test_unittest \
+		test/test_unittest/namespace_test_pkg \
+		test/test_unittest/namespace_test_pkg/bar \
+		test/test_unittest/namespace_test_pkg/noop \
+		test/test_unittest/namespace_test_pkg/noop/no2 \
 		test/test_unittest/testmock \
 		test/test_warnings \
 		test/test_warnings/data \
@@ -2486,6 +2548,8 @@ TESTSUBDIRS=	idlelib/idle_test \
 		test/tkinterdata \
 		test/tokenizedata \
 		test/tracedmodules \
+		test/translationdata \
+		test/translationdata/argparse \
 		test/typinganndata \
 		test/wheeldata \
 		test/xmltestdata \
@@ -2565,6 +2629,14 @@ libinstall:	all $(srcdir)/Modules/xxmodule.c
 	$(INSTALL_DATA) `cat pybuilddir.txt`/_sysconfigdata_$(ABIFLAGS)_$(MACHDEP)_$(MULTIARCH).py \
 		$(DESTDIR)$(LIBDEST); \
 	$(INSTALL_DATA) $(srcdir)/LICENSE $(DESTDIR)$(LIBDEST)/LICENSE.txt
+	@ # If app store compliance has been configured, apply the patch to the
+	@ # installed library code. The patch has been previously validated against
+	@ # the original source tree, so we can ignore any errors that are raised
+	@ # due to files that are missing because of --disable-test-modules etc.
+	@if [ "$(APP_STORE_COMPLIANCE_PATCH)" != "" ]; then \
+		echo "Applying app store compliance patch"; \
+		patch --force --reject-file "$(abs_builddir)/app-store-compliance.rej" --strip 2 --directory "$(DESTDIR)$(LIBDEST)" --input "$(abs_srcdir)/$(APP_STORE_COMPLIANCE_PATCH)" || true ; \
+	fi
 	@ # Build PYC files for the 3 optimization levels (0, 1, 2)
 	-PYTHONPATH=$(DESTDIR)$(LIBDEST) $(RUNSHARED) \
 		$(PYTHON_FOR_BUILD) -Wi $(DESTDIR)$(LIBDEST)/compileall.py \
@@ -2633,7 +2705,7 @@ inclinstall:
 		$(INSTALL) -d -m $(DIRMODE) $(DESTDIR)$(INCLUDEPY)/internal; \
 	else	true; \
 	fi
-	@if test "$(INSTALL_MIMALLOC)" == "yes"; then \
+	@if test "$(INSTALL_MIMALLOC)" = "yes"; then \
 		if test ! -d $(DESTDIR)$(INCLUDEPY)/internal/mimalloc/mimalloc; then \
 			echo "Creating directory $(DESTDIR)$(INCLUDEPY)/internal/mimalloc/mimalloc"; \
 			$(INSTALL) -d -m $(DIRMODE) $(DESTDIR)$(INCLUDEPY)/internal/mimalloc/mimalloc; \
@@ -2654,7 +2726,7 @@ inclinstall:
 		echo $(INSTALL_DATA) $$i $(INCLUDEPY)/internal; \
 		$(INSTALL_DATA) $$i $(DESTDIR)$(INCLUDEPY)/internal; \
 	done
-	@if test "$(INSTALL_MIMALLOC)" == "yes"; then \
+	@if test "$(INSTALL_MIMALLOC)" = "yes"; then \
 		echo $(INSTALL_DATA) $(srcdir)/Include/internal/mimalloc/mimalloc.h $(DESTDIR)$(INCLUDEPY)/internal/mimalloc/mimalloc.h; \
 		$(INSTALL_DATA) $(srcdir)/Include/internal/mimalloc/mimalloc.h $(DESTDIR)$(INCLUDEPY)/internal/mimalloc/mimalloc.h; \
 		for i in $(srcdir)/Include/internal/mimalloc/mimalloc/*.h; \
@@ -3080,7 +3152,7 @@ patchcheck: all
 
 .PHONY: check-limited-abi
 check-limited-abi: all
-	$(RUNSHARED) ./$(BUILDPYTHON) $(srcdir)/Tools/build/stable_abi.py --all $(srcdir)/Misc/stable_abi.toml
+	$(RUNSHARED) ./$(BUILDPYTHON) $(srcdir)/Tools/build/stable_abi.py --all
 
 .PHONY: update-config
 update-config:
@@ -3106,18 +3178,18 @@ MODULE_CMATH_DEPS=$(srcdir)/Modules/_math.h
 MODULE_MATH_DEPS=$(srcdir)/Modules/_math.h
 MODULE_PYEXPAT_DEPS=@LIBEXPAT_INTERNAL@
 MODULE_UNICODEDATA_DEPS=$(srcdir)/Modules/unicodedata_db.h $(srcdir)/Modules/unicodename_db.h
-MODULE__BLAKE2_DEPS=$(srcdir)/Modules/_blake2/impl/blake2-config.h $(srcdir)/Modules/_blake2/impl/blake2-impl.h $(srcdir)/Modules/_blake2/impl/blake2.h $(srcdir)/Modules/_blake2/impl/blake2b-load-sse2.h $(srcdir)/Modules/_blake2/impl/blake2b-load-sse41.h $(srcdir)/Modules/_blake2/impl/blake2b-ref.c $(srcdir)/Modules/_blake2/impl/blake2b-round.h $(srcdir)/Modules/_blake2/impl/blake2b.c $(srcdir)/Modules/_blake2/impl/blake2s-load-sse2.h $(srcdir)/Modules/_blake2/impl/blake2s-load-sse41.h $(srcdir)/Modules/_blake2/impl/blake2s-load-xop.h $(srcdir)/Modules/_blake2/impl/blake2s-ref.c $(srcdir)/Modules/_blake2/impl/blake2s-round.h $(srcdir)/Modules/_blake2/impl/blake2s.c $(srcdir)/Modules/_blake2/blake2module.h $(srcdir)/Modules/hashlib.h
-MODULE__CTYPES_DEPS=$(srcdir)/Modules/_ctypes/ctypes.h
+MODULE__CTYPES_DEPS=$(srcdir)/Modules/_ctypes/ctypes.h $(srcdir)/Modules/_complex.h
 MODULE__CTYPES_TEST_DEPS=$(srcdir)/Modules/_ctypes/_ctypes_test_generated.c.h
 MODULE__CTYPES_MALLOC_CLOSURE=@MODULE__CTYPES_MALLOC_CLOSURE@
 MODULE__DECIMAL_DEPS=$(srcdir)/Modules/_decimal/docstrings.h @LIBMPDEC_INTERNAL@
 MODULE__ELEMENTTREE_DEPS=$(srcdir)/Modules/pyexpat.c @LIBEXPAT_INTERNAL@
 MODULE__HASHLIB_DEPS=$(srcdir)/Modules/hashlib.h
 MODULE__IO_DEPS=$(srcdir)/Modules/_io/_iomodule.h
-MODULE__MD5_DEPS=$(srcdir)/Modules/hashlib.h $(LIBHACL_HEADERS) Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_MD5.h Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_MD5.c
-MODULE__SHA1_DEPS=$(srcdir)/Modules/hashlib.h $(LIBHACL_HEADERS) Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_SHA1.h Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_SHA1.c
+MODULE__MD5_DEPS=$(srcdir)/Modules/hashlib.h $(LIBHACL_HEADERS) Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_MD5.h Modules/_hacl/internal/Hacl_Hash_MD5.h Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_MD5.c
+MODULE__SHA1_DEPS=$(srcdir)/Modules/hashlib.h $(LIBHACL_HEADERS) Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_SHA1.h Modules/_hacl/internal/Hacl_Hash_SHA1.h Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_SHA1.c
 MODULE__SHA2_DEPS=$(srcdir)/Modules/hashlib.h $(LIBHACL_SHA2_HEADERS) $(LIBHACL_SHA2_A)
-MODULE__SHA3_DEPS=$(srcdir)/Modules/hashlib.h $(LIBHACL_HEADERS) Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_SHA3.h Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_SHA3.c
+MODULE__SHA3_DEPS=$(srcdir)/Modules/hashlib.h $(LIBHACL_HEADERS) Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_SHA3.h Modules/_hacl/internal/Hacl_Hash_SHA3.h Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_SHA3.c
+MODULE__BLAKE2_DEPS=$(srcdir)/Modules/hashlib.h $(LIBHACL_BLAKE2_HEADERS) $(LIBHACL_BLAKE2_A)
 MODULE__SOCKET_DEPS=$(srcdir)/Modules/socketmodule.h $(srcdir)/Modules/addrinfo.h $(srcdir)/Modules/getaddrinfo.c $(srcdir)/Modules/getnameinfo.c
 MODULE__SSL_DEPS=$(srcdir)/Modules/_ssl.h $(srcdir)/Modules/_ssl/cert.c $(srcdir)/Modules/_ssl/debughelpers.c $(srcdir)/Modules/_ssl/misc.c $(srcdir)/Modules/_ssl_data_111.h $(srcdir)/Modules/_ssl_data_300.h $(srcdir)/Modules/socketmodule.h
 MODULE__TESTCAPI_DEPS=$(srcdir)/Modules/_testcapi/parts.h $(srcdir)/Modules/_testcapi/util.h
diff --git a/Misc/ACKS b/Misc/ACKS
index 2f4c0793437fb6..a1769d9601a2ea 100644
--- a/Misc/ACKS
+++ b/Misc/ACKS
@@ -521,6 +521,7 @@ Michael Ernst
 Ben Escoto
 Andy Eskilsson
 André Espaze
+Lucas Esposito
 Stefan Esser
 Nicolas Estibals
 Jonathan Eunice
@@ -1099,6 +1100,7 @@ Ivan Levkivskyi
 Ben Lewis
 William Lewis
 Akira Li
+Jiahao Li
 Robert Li
 Xuanji Li
 Zekun Li
@@ -1317,6 +1319,7 @@ Hrvoje Nikšić
 Gregory Nofi
 Jesse Noller
 Bill Noon
+Janek Nouvertné
 Stefan Norberg
 Tim Northover
 Joe Norton
@@ -1549,7 +1552,9 @@ Lisa Roach
 Carl Robben
 Ben Roberts
 Mark Roberts
+Tony Roberts
 Andy Robinson
+Izan "TizzySaurus" Robinson
 Jim Robinson
 Yolanda Robla
 Daniel Rocco
@@ -1650,6 +1655,7 @@ Scott Schram
 Robin Schreiber
 Chad J. Schroeder
 Simon-Martin Schroeder
+Brian Schubert
 Christian Schubert
 Sam Schulenburg
 Andreas Schwab
@@ -1668,6 +1674,7 @@ Fred Sells
 Jiwon Seo
 Iñigo Serna
 Joakim Sernbrant
+Rodrigo Girão Serrão
 Roger D. Serwy
 Jerry Seutter
 Pete Sevander
@@ -1740,6 +1747,7 @@ Christopher Smith
 Eric V. Smith
 Ethan H. Smith
 Gregory P. Smith
+Malcolm Smith
 Mark Smith
 Nathaniel J. Smith
 Roy Smith
@@ -1806,6 +1814,7 @@ Reuben Sumner
 Eryk Sun
 Sanjay Sundaresan
 Marek Šuppa
+Danica J. Sutherland
 Hisao Suzuki
 Kalle Svensson
 Andrew Svetlov
diff --git a/Misc/HISTORY b/Misc/HISTORY
index 8ca35e1af62c05..d68aaa066771fb 100644
--- a/Misc/HISTORY
+++ b/Misc/HISTORY
@@ -3952,7 +3952,7 @@ Library
 - Issue #18626: the inspect module now offers a basic command line
   introspection interface (Initial patch by Claudiu Popa)
 
-- Issue #3015: Fixed tkinter with wantobject=False.  Any Tcl command call
+- Issue #3015: Fixed tkinter with ``wantobjects=False``.  Any Tcl command call
   returned empty string.
 
 - Issue #19037: The mailbox module now makes all changes to maildir files
@@ -5590,7 +5590,7 @@ Library
 - Issue #16248: Disable code execution from the user's home directory by
   tkinter when the -E flag is passed to Python.  Patch by Zachary Ware.
 
-- Issue #13390: New function :func:`sys.getallocatedblocks()` returns the
+- Issue #13390: New function :func:`sys.getallocatedblocks` returns the
   number of memory blocks currently allocated.
 
 - Issue #16628: Fix a memory leak in ctypes.resize().
@@ -6157,7 +6157,7 @@ Tests
   starting with a ".".  Patch by Sebastian Kreft.
 
 - Issue #13390: The ``-R`` option to regrtest now also checks for memory
-  allocation leaks, using :func:`sys.getallocatedblocks()`.
+  allocation leaks, using :func:`sys.getallocatedblocks`.
 
 - Issue #16559: Add more tests for the json module, including some from the
   official test suite at json.org.  Patch by Serhiy Storchaka.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.10.0a1.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.10.0a1.rst
index 9a729a45b160eb..f09842f1e77dea 100644
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.10.0a1.rst
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.10.0a1.rst
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ convention. Patch by Donghee Na.
 .. nonce: aJS9B3
 .. section: Core and Builtins
 
-Port the :mod:`_bisect` module to the multi-phase initialization API
+Port the :mod:`!_bisect` module to the multi-phase initialization API
 (:pep:`489`).
 
 ..
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ Taskaya.
 .. nonce: lh335O
 .. section: Core and Builtins
 
-Port the :mod:`_lsprof` extension module to multi-phase initialization
+Port the :mod:`!_lsprof` extension module to multi-phase initialization
 (:pep:`489`).
 
 ..
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ Port the :mod:`cmath` extension module to multi-phase initialization
 .. nonce: jiXmyT
 .. section: Core and Builtins
 
-Port the :mod:`_scproxy` extension module to multi-phase initialization
+Port the :mod:`!_scproxy` extension module to multi-phase initialization
 (:pep:`489`).
 
 ..
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ Port the :mod:`termios` extension module to multi-phase initialization
 .. nonce: QuDIut
 .. section: Core and Builtins
 
-Convert the :mod:`_sha256` extension module types to heap types.
+Convert the :mod:`!_sha256` extension module types to heap types.
 
 ..
 
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ classes with a huge amount of arguments. Patch by Pablo Galindo.
 .. nonce: CnRME3
 .. section: Core and Builtins
 
-Port the :mod:`_overlapped` extension module to multi-phase initialization
+Port the :mod:`!_overlapped` extension module to multi-phase initialization
 (:pep:`489`).
 
 ..
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ Port the :mod:`_overlapped` extension module to multi-phase initialization
 .. nonce: X9CZgo
 .. section: Core and Builtins
 
-Port the :mod:`_curses_panel` extension module to multi-phase initialization
+Port the :mod:`!_curses_panel` extension module to multi-phase initialization
 (:pep:`489`).
 
 ..
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ Port the :mod:`_curses_panel` extension module to multi-phase initialization
 .. nonce: 5jZymK
 .. section: Core and Builtins
 
-Port the :mod:`_opcode` extension module to multi-phase initialization
+Port the :mod:`!_opcode` extension module to multi-phase initialization
 (:pep:`489`).
 
 ..
@@ -282,7 +282,7 @@ initialized ``_ast`` module.
 .. nonce: vcxSUa
 .. section: Core and Builtins
 
-Convert :mod:`_operator` to use :c:func:`PyType_FromSpec`.
+Convert :mod:`!_operator` to use :c:func:`PyType_FromSpec`.
 
 ..
 
@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ Convert :mod:`_operator` to use :c:func:`PyType_FromSpec`.
 .. nonce: fubBkb
 .. section: Core and Builtins
 
-Port :mod:`_sha3` to multi-phase init.  Convert static types to heap types.
+Port :mod:`!_sha3` to multi-phase init.  Convert static types to heap types.
 
 ..
 
@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ Port :mod:`_sha3` to multi-phase init.  Convert static types to heap types.
 .. nonce: FC13e7
 .. section: Core and Builtins
 
-Port the :mod:`_blake2` extension module to the multi-phase initialization
+Port the :mod:`!_blake2` extension module to the multi-phase initialization
 API (:pep:`489`).
 
 ..
@@ -339,7 +339,7 @@ The output of ``python --help`` contains now only ASCII characters.
 .. nonce: O0d3ym
 .. section: Core and Builtins
 
-Port the :mod:`_sha1`, :mod:`_sha512`, and :mod:`_md5` extension modules to
+Port the :mod:`!_sha1`, :mod:`!_sha512`, and :mod:`!_md5` extension modules to
 multi-phase initialization API (:pep:`489`).
 
 ..
@@ -636,7 +636,7 @@ Remove the remaining files from the old parser and the :mod:`symbol` module.
 .. nonce: _yI-ax
 .. section: Core and Builtins
 
-Convert :mod:`_bz2` to use :c:func:`PyType_FromSpec`.
+Convert :mod:`!_bz2` to use :c:func:`PyType_FromSpec`.
 
 ..
 
@@ -666,7 +666,7 @@ by Brandt Bucher.
 .. nonce: 61iyYh
 .. section: Core and Builtins
 
-Port :mod:`_gdbm` to multiphase initialization.
+Port :mod:`!_gdbm` to multiphase initialization.
 
 ..
 
@@ -696,7 +696,7 @@ for emitting syntax errors. Patch by Pablo Galindo.
 .. nonce: mmlp3Q
 .. section: Core and Builtins
 
-Port :mod:`_dbm` to multiphase initialization.
+Port :mod:`!_dbm` to multiphase initialization.
 
 ..
 
@@ -1010,7 +1010,7 @@ Port :mod:`mmap` to multiphase initialization.
 .. nonce: Kfe9fT
 .. section: Core and Builtins
 
-Port :mod:`_lzma` to multiphase initialization.
+Port :mod:`!_lzma` to multiphase initialization.
 
 ..
 
@@ -1032,7 +1032,7 @@ the :meth:`~object.__int__` method but do not have the
 .. nonce: AkRzjb
 .. section: Core and Builtins
 
-Add :meth:`int.bit_count()`, counting the number of ones in the binary
+Add :meth:`int.bit_count`, counting the number of ones in the binary
 representation of an integer. Patch by Niklas Fiekas.
 
 ..
@@ -1499,7 +1499,7 @@ used to cause ZeroDivisionError now cause an OverflowError instead.
 .. nonce: rju34k
 .. section: Library
 
-Add :func:`os.cpu_count()` support for VxWorks RTOS.
+Add :func:`os.cpu_count` support for VxWorks RTOS.
 
 ..
 
@@ -2452,7 +2452,7 @@ Added the *root_dir* and *dir_fd* parameters in :func:`glob.glob`.
 .. nonce: X-TJZO
 .. section: Library
 
-Fix :meth:`IMAP4.noop()` when debug mode is enabled (ex: ``imaplib.Debug =
+Fix :meth:`IMAP4.noop` when debug mode is enabled (ex: ``imaplib.Debug =
 3``).
 
 ..
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.10.0a2.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.10.0a2.rst
index 79f570439b52b8..3e82de9ef266d6 100644
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.10.0a2.rst
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.10.0a2.rst
@@ -226,8 +226,8 @@ thread at the time the function is called.
 .. section: Core and Builtins
 
 Enable ``from __future__ import annotations`` (:pep:`563`) by default. The
-values found in :attr:`__annotations__` dicts are now strings, e.g. ``{"x":
-"int"}`` instead of ``{"x": int}``.
+values found in :attr:`~object.__annotations__` dicts are now strings, for
+example ``{"x": "int"}`` instead of ``{"x": int}``.
 
 ..
 
@@ -362,7 +362,7 @@ plistlib: fix parsing XML plists with hexadecimal integer values
 .. nonce: 85BsRA
 .. section: Library
 
-Fix an incorrectly formatted error from :meth:`_codecs.charmap_decode` when
+Fix an incorrectly formatted error from :meth:`!_codecs.charmap_decode` when
 called with a mapped value outside the range of valid Unicode code points.
 PR by Max Bernstein.
 
@@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ Inwood.
 .. nonce: jd_gkA
 .. section: Library
 
-:meth:`sched.scheduler.cancel()` will now cancel the correct event, if two
+:meth:`sched.scheduler.cancel` will now cancel the correct event, if two
 events with same priority are scheduled for the same time. Patch by Bar
 Harel.
 
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.10.0a3.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.10.0a3.rst
index 179cf3e9cfb08c..33c3e14b7a4bcf 100644
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.10.0a3.rst
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.10.0a3.rst
@@ -477,7 +477,7 @@ object belongs to, potentially breaking the unpickling of those objects.
 
 Simplify the :mod:`importlib` external bootstrap code:
 ``importlib._bootstrap_external`` now uses regular imports to import builtin
-modules. When it is imported, the builtin :func:`__import__()` function is
+modules. When it is imported, the builtin :func:`__import__` function is
 already fully working and so can be used to import builtin modules like
 :mod:`sys`. Patch by Victor Stinner.
 
@@ -517,8 +517,8 @@ Port the ``_signal`` extension module to the multi-phase initialization API
 .. nonce: Wh5svI
 .. section: Library
 
-:func:`time.time()`, :func:`time.perf_counter()` and
-:func:`time.monotonic()` functions can no longer fail with a Python fatal
+:func:`time.time`, :func:`time.perf_counter` and
+:func:`time.monotonic` functions can no longer fail with a Python fatal
 error, instead raise a regular Python exception on failure.
 
 ..
@@ -550,10 +550,10 @@ deduplicate, use type to cache key). Patch provided by Yurii Karabas.
 .. nonce: iDbHrw
 .. section: Library
 
-:func:`time.perf_counter()` on Windows and :func:`time.monotonic()` on macOS
+:func:`time.perf_counter` on Windows and :func:`time.monotonic` on macOS
 are now system-wide. Previously, they used an offset computed at startup to
 reduce the precision loss caused by the float type. Use
-:func:`time.perf_counter_ns()` and :func:`time.monotonic_ns()` added in
+:func:`time.perf_counter_ns` and :func:`time.monotonic_ns` added in
 Python 3.7 to avoid this precision loss.
 
 ..
@@ -1386,7 +1386,7 @@ Python already implicitly installs signal handlers: see
 
 The ``Py_TRASHCAN_BEGIN`` macro no longer accesses PyTypeObject attributes,
 but now can get the condition by calling the new private
-:c:func:`_PyTrash_cond()` function which hides implementation details.
+:c:func:`!_PyTrash_cond()` function which hides implementation details.
 
 ..
 
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.10.0a4.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.10.0a4.rst
index ae667f2bffe192..19f0db9a6be5e9 100644
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.10.0a4.rst
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.10.0a4.rst
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ subinterpreters. Patch by Victor Stinner.
 .. nonce: j7nl6A
 .. section: Core and Builtins
 
-Make :c:func:`_PyUnicode_FromId` function compatible with subinterpreters.
+Make :c:func:`!_PyUnicode_FromId` function compatible with subinterpreters.
 Each interpreter now has an array of identifier objects (interned strings
 decoded from UTF-8). Patch by Victor Stinner.
 
@@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ uses "options" instead.
 .. nonce: Quy3zn
 .. section: Library
 
-Port the :mod:`_thread` extension module to the multiphase initialization
+Port the :mod:`!_thread` extension module to the multiphase initialization
 API (:pep:`489`) and convert its static types to heap types.
 
 ..
@@ -709,7 +709,7 @@ directories.
 .. nonce: ek38d_
 .. section: Library
 
-Add :func:`os.set_blocking()` support for VxWorks RTOS.
+Add :func:`os.set_blocking` support for VxWorks RTOS.
 
 ..
 
@@ -960,8 +960,8 @@ explicitly and so not exported.
 .. nonce: Je08Ny
 .. section: C API
 
-Remove the private :c:func:`_Py_fopen` function which is no longer needed.
-Use :c:func:`_Py_wfopen` or :c:func:`_Py_fopen_obj` instead. Patch by Victor
+Remove the private :c:func:`!_Py_fopen` function which is no longer needed.
+Use :c:func:`!_Py_wfopen` or :c:func:`!_Py_fopen_obj` instead. Patch by Victor
 Stinner.
 
 ..
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.10.0a5.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.10.0a5.rst
index dc95e8ce072fd9..a85ea1ff1c2817 100644
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.10.0a5.rst
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.10.0a5.rst
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ a slice at the start of the ``bytearray`` to a shorter byte string).
 .. nonce: WfTdfg
 .. section: Core and Builtins
 
-Fix the :c:func:`_PyUnicode_FromId` function (_Py_IDENTIFIER(var) API) when
+Fix the :c:func:`!_PyUnicode_FromId` function (_Py_IDENTIFIER(var) API) when
 :c:func:`Py_Initialize` / :c:func:`Py_Finalize` is called multiple times:
 preserve ``_PyRuntime.unicode_ids.next_index`` value.
 
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.10.0a6.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.10.0a6.rst
index bad3528084897b..31b7df2c61158e 100644
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.10.0a6.rst
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.10.0a6.rst
@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ Adds :const:`resource.RLIMIT_KQUEUES` constant from FreeBSD to the
 .. section: Library
 
 Make the pure Python implementation of :mod:`xml.etree.ElementTree` behave
-the same as the C implementation (:mod:`_elementree`) regarding default
+the same as the C implementation (:mod:`!_elementree`) regarding default
 attribute values (by not setting ``specified_attributes=1``).
 
 ..
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.10.0a7.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.10.0a7.rst
index fe6213d95a88bb..d866e805fd3a7e 100644
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.10.0a7.rst
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.10.0a7.rst
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ instruction dispatch a bit.
 .. nonce: PhaT-B
 .. section: Core and Builtins
 
-Fix reference leak in the :mod:`_hashopenssl` extension. Patch by Pablo
+Fix reference leak in the :mod:`!_hashopenssl` extension. Patch by Pablo
 Galindo.
 
 ..
@@ -654,7 +654,7 @@ support importlib.invalidate_caches(). Patch by Desmond Cheong.
 .. nonce: 3r0HFY
 .. section: Library
 
-Fail fast in :func:`shutil.move()` to avoid creating destination directories
+Fail fast in :func:`shutil.move` to avoid creating destination directories
 on failure.
 
 ..
@@ -701,8 +701,8 @@ sessions in :mod:`pdb`'s interactive mode.
 When the :data:`tempfile.tempdir` global variable is set to a value of type
 bytes, it is now handled consistently.  Previously exceptions could be
 raised from some tempfile APIs when the directory did not already exist in
-this situation.  Also ensures that the :func:`tempfile.gettempdir()` and
-:func:`tempfile.gettempdirb()` functions *always* return ``str`` and
+this situation.  Also ensures that the :func:`tempfile.gettempdir` and
+:func:`tempfile.gettempdirb` functions *always* return ``str`` and
 ``bytes`` respectively.
 
 ..
@@ -715,7 +715,7 @@ this situation.  Also ensures that the :func:`tempfile.gettempdir()` and
 Expose ``X509_V_FLAG_ALLOW_PROXY_CERTS`` as
 :const:`~ssl.VERIFY_ALLOW_PROXY_CERTS` to allow proxy certificate validation
 as explained in
-https://www.openssl.org/docs/man1.1.1/man7/proxy-certificates.html.
+https://docs.openssl.org/1.1.1/man7/proxy-certificates/.
 
 ..
 
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.10.0b1.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.10.0b1.rst
index 640f3ee58adbae..25c6b827146e82 100644
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.10.0b1.rst
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.10.0b1.rst
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ normally be possible, but might occur in some unusual circumstances.
 .. nonce: u5Y6bS
 .. section: Core and Builtins
 
-Importing the :mod:`_signal` module in a subinterpreter has no longer side
+Importing the :mod:`!_signal` module in a subinterpreter has no longer side
 effects.
 
 ..
@@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ cause any runtime effects with ``from __future__ import annotations``.
 .. section: Core and Builtins
 
 :exc:`SyntaxError` exceptions raised by the interpreter will highlight the
-full error range of the expression that consistutes the syntax error itself,
+full error range of the expression that constitutes the syntax error itself,
 instead of just where the problem is detected. Patch by Pablo Galindo.
 
 ..
@@ -776,11 +776,11 @@ builtins.open() is now io.open().
 .. nonce: o1zEk_
 .. section: Library
 
-The Python :func:`_pyio.open` function becomes a static method to behave as
+The Python :func:`!_pyio.open` function becomes a static method to behave as
 :func:`io.open` built-in function: don't become a bound method when stored
 as a class variable. It becomes possible since static methods are now
-callable in Python 3.10. Moreover, :func:`_pyio.OpenWrapper` becomes a
-simple alias to :func:`_pyio.open`. Patch by Victor Stinner.
+callable in Python 3.10. Moreover, :func:`!_pyio.OpenWrapper` becomes a
+simple alias to :func:`!_pyio.open`. Patch by Victor Stinner.
 
 ..
 
@@ -958,7 +958,7 @@ Patch by Jelle Zijlstra.
 .. nonce: nnVd3h
 .. section: Library
 
-Add an ``encoding`` parameter :func:`logging.fileConfig()`.
+Add an ``encoding`` parameter :func:`logging.fileConfig`.
 
 ..
 
@@ -1270,7 +1270,7 @@ Fix thread locks in zlib module may go wrong in rare case. Patch by Ma Lin.
 .. nonce: oi6Kdb
 .. section: Library
 
-Fix dataclasses with ``InitVar``\s and :func:`~dataclasses.replace()`. Patch
+Fix dataclasses with ``InitVar``\s and :func:`~dataclasses.replace`. Patch
 by Claudiu Popa.
 
 ..
@@ -1310,11 +1310,11 @@ functions in the :mod:`os` module.
 .. nonce: 9adF3E
 .. section: Library
 
-:func:`os.path.expanduser()` now refuses to guess Windows home directories
+:func:`os.path.expanduser` now refuses to guess Windows home directories
 if the basename of current user's home directory does not match their
 username.
 
-:meth:`pathlib.Path.expanduser()` and :meth:`~pathlib.Path.home()` now
+:meth:`pathlib.Path.expanduser` and :meth:`~pathlib.Path.home` now
 consistently raise :exc:`RuntimeError` exception when a home directory
 cannot be resolved. Previously a :exc:`KeyError` exception could be raised
 on Windows when the ``"USERNAME"``  environment variable was unset.
@@ -1516,7 +1516,7 @@ Adds additional arguments to :func:`os.startfile` function.
 .. nonce: F0Cg6X
 .. section: Windows
 
-Avoid raising errors from :meth:`pathlib.Path.exists()` when passed an
+Avoid raising errors from :meth:`pathlib.Path.exists` when passed an
 invalid filename.
 
 ..
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.11.0a1.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.11.0a1.rst
index 40fbb9d42b7944..0b49c2a78771d2 100644
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.11.0a1.rst
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.11.0a1.rst
@@ -613,7 +613,7 @@ Rename ``types.Union`` to ``types.UnionType``.
 .. section: Core and Builtins
 
 Expose specialization stats in python via
-:func:`_opcode.get_specialization_stats`.
+:func:`!_opcode.get_specialization_stats`.
 
 ..
 
@@ -1701,7 +1701,7 @@ Remove many old deprecated :mod:`unittest` features:
 .. nonce: y1kEfP
 .. section: Library
 
-Remove the deprecated ``split()`` method of :class:`_tkinter.TkappType`.
+Remove the deprecated ``split()`` method of :class:`!_tkinter.TkappType`.
 Patch by Erlend E. Aasland.
 
 ..
@@ -2000,7 +2000,7 @@ during file extraction.
 .. nonce: roUl0G
 .. section: Library
 
-:mod:`subprocess` on Solaris now also uses :func:`os.posix_spawn()` for
+:mod:`subprocess` on Solaris now also uses :func:`os.posix_spawn` for
 better performance.
 
 ..
@@ -2298,9 +2298,9 @@ Adopt *binacii.a2b_base64*'s strict mode in *base64.b64decode*.
 .. nonce: ThuDMI
 .. section: Library
 
-Fixed a bug in the :mod:`_ssl` module that was throwing :exc:`OverflowError`
-when using :meth:`_ssl._SSLSocket.write` and :meth:`_ssl._SSLSocket.read`
-for a big value of the ``len`` parameter. Patch by Pablo Galindo
+Fixed a bug in the :mod:`!_ssl` module that was throwing :exc:`OverflowError`
+when using :meth:`!_ssl._SSLSocket.write` and :meth:`!_ssl._SSLSocket.read`
+for a big value of the ``len`` parameter. Patch by Pablo Galindo.
 
 ..
 
@@ -2398,7 +2398,7 @@ class in the interactive session. Instead of :exc:`TypeError`, it should be
 .. nonce: R3IcM1
 .. section: Library
 
-Fix memory leak in :func:`_tkinter._flatten` if it is called with a sequence
+Fix memory leak in :func:`!_tkinter._flatten` if it is called with a sequence
 or set, but not list or tuple.
 
 ..
@@ -4187,7 +4187,7 @@ Add calls of :func:`gc.collect` in tests to support PyPy.
 .. nonce: mQZdXU
 .. section: Tests
 
-Made tests relying on the :mod:`_asyncio` C extension module optional to
+Made tests relying on the :mod:`!_asyncio` C extension module optional to
 allow running on alternative Python implementations. Patch by Serhiy
 Storchaka.
 
@@ -4238,7 +4238,7 @@ harmless "malloc can't allocate region" messages spewed by test_decimal.
 .. nonce: KKsNOV
 .. section: Tests
 
-Fixed floating point precision issue in turtle tests.
+Fixed floating-point precision issue in turtle tests.
 
 ..
 
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.11.0a2.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.11.0a2.rst
index 05644d0a4639b1..48cf2c1e428d87 100644
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.11.0a2.rst
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.11.0a2.rst
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ Improve the :exc:`SyntaxError` message when using ``True``, ``None`` or
 .. section: Core and Builtins
 
 :data:`sys.stdlib_module_names` now contains the macOS-specific module
-:mod:`_scproxy`.
+:mod:`!_scproxy`.
 
 ..
 
@@ -1023,7 +1023,7 @@ compile shared modules.
 .. nonce: 61gM2A
 .. section: Build
 
-:mod:`pyexpat` and :mod:`_elementtree` no longer define obsolete macros
+:mod:`pyexpat` and :mod:`!_elementtree` no longer define obsolete macros
 ``HAVE_EXPAT_CONFIG_H`` and ``USE_PYEXPAT_CAPI``. ``XML_POOR_ENTROPY`` is
 now defined in ``expat_config.h``.
 
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.11.0a3.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.11.0a3.rst
index 2842aad0e163d6..6a0ae20d1fb5ed 100644
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.11.0a3.rst
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.11.0a3.rst
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ invalid targets. Patch by Pablo Galindo
 .. nonce: 3TmTSw
 .. section: Core and Builtins
 
-:c:func:`_PyErr_ChainStackItem` no longer normalizes ``exc_info`` (including
+:c:func:`!_PyErr_ChainStackItem` no longer normalizes ``exc_info`` (including
 setting the traceback on the exception instance) because ``exc_info`` is
 always normalized.
 
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.11.0a4.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.11.0a4.rst
index a5ce7620016cc7..64e2f39ad9db18 100644
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.11.0a4.rst
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.11.0a4.rst
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ instruction which performs the same operation, but without the loop.
 .. nonce: ADVaPT
 .. section: Core and Builtins
 
-The code called from :c:func:`_PyErr_Display` was refactored to improve
+The code called from :c:func:`!_PyErr_Display` was refactored to improve
 error handling. It now exits immediately upon an unrecoverable error.
 
 ..
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.11.0a5.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.11.0a5.rst
index 954f5c18b48000..5418d5d59dd583 100644
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.11.0a5.rst
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.11.0a5.rst
@@ -486,8 +486,8 @@ Use ``dis.Positions`` in ``dis.Instruction`` instead of a regular ``tuple``.
 .. nonce: geS-aP
 .. section: Library
 
-:mod:`pdb` now gracefully handles ``help`` when :attr:`__doc__` is missing,
-for example when run with pregenerated optimized ``.pyc`` files.
+:mod:`pdb` now gracefully handles ``help`` when :attr:`~module.__doc__` is
+missing, for example when run with pregenerated optimized ``.pyc`` files.
 
 ..
 
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.11.0a6.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.11.0a6.rst
index 66ffa4ffba52e5..e88142e641f040 100644
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.11.0a6.rst
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.11.0a6.rst
@@ -1054,7 +1054,7 @@ Patch by Victor Stinner.
 .. nonce: ajJjkh
 .. section: Build
 
-Building Python now requires support for floating point Not-a-Number (NaN):
+Building Python now requires support for floating-point Not-a-Number (NaN):
 remove the ``Py_NO_NAN`` macro. Patch by Victor Stinner.
 
 ..
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.11.0a7.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.11.0a7.rst
index a376c8becea9f4..eff2ea2dac13f8 100644
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.11.0a7.rst
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.11.0a7.rst
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ Kumar Aditya.
 .. nonce: ZI05b5
 .. section: Core and Builtins
 
-Improved the performance of :meth:`list.append()` and list comprehensions by
+Improved the performance of :meth:`list.append` and list comprehensions by
 optimizing for the common case, where no resize is needed. Patch by Dennis
 Sweeney.
 
@@ -1127,7 +1127,7 @@ Raise more accurate and :pep:`249` compatible exceptions in :mod:`sqlite3`.
 * Don't overwrite :exc:`BufferError` with :exc:`ValueError` when conversion to
   BLOB fails.
 * Raise :exc:`~sqlite3.ProgrammingError` instead of :exc:`~sqlite3.Warning` if
-  user tries to :meth:`~sqlite3.Cursor.execute()` more than one SQL statement.
+  user tries to :meth:`~sqlite3.Cursor.execute` more than one SQL statement.
 * Raise :exc:`~sqlite3.ProgrammingError` instead of :exc:`ValueError` if an SQL
   query contains null characters.
 
@@ -1401,7 +1401,7 @@ Christian's container image ``quay.io/tiran/cpython_autoconf:269``.
 .. nonce: fry4aK
 .. section: Build
 
-Building Python now requires support of IEEE 754 floating point numbers.
+Building Python now requires support of IEEE 754 floating-point numbers.
 Patch by Victor Stinner.
 
 ..
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.11.0b1.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.11.0b1.rst
index c35e8e2c1caf07..85cb0f1b5cffbd 100644
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.11.0b1.rst
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.11.0b1.rst
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ may have prevented Python-to-Python calls respecting PEP 523.
 .. nonce: -igcjS
 .. section: Core and Builtins
 
-Add a closure keyword-only parameter to :func:`exec()`. It can only be specified
+Add a closure keyword-only parameter to :func:`exec`. It can only be specified
 when exec-ing a code object that uses free variables. When specified, it
 must be a tuple, with exactly the number of cell variables referenced by the
 code object. closure has a default value of ``None``, and it must be ``None`` if the
@@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ macros.
 .. nonce: 11YXHQ
 .. section: Core and Builtins
 
-Add a new :c:func:`_PyFrame_IsEntryFrame` API function, to check if a
+Add a new :c:func:`!_PyFrame_IsEntryFrame` API function, to check if a
 :c:type:`PyFrameObject` is an entry frame. Patch by Pablo Galindo.
 
 ..
@@ -1801,8 +1801,8 @@ The documentation now lists which members of C structs are part of the
 .. section: Documentation
 
 All docstrings in code snippets are now wrapped into :c:macro:`PyDoc_STR` to
-follow the guideline of `PEP 7's Documentation Strings paragraph
-<https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0007/#documentation-strings>`_. Patch
+follow the guideline of :pep:`PEP 7's Documentation Strings paragraph
+<0007#documentation-strings>`. Patch
 by Oleg Iarygin.
 
 ..
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.12.0a1.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.12.0a1.rst
index 84d9d4e017609d..f2668e99a6299b 100644
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.12.0a1.rst
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.12.0a1.rst
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ well as generator expressions.
 .. section: Core and Builtins
 
 Added unicode check for ``name`` attribute of ``spec`` argument passed in
-:func:`_imp.create_builtin` function.
+:func:`!_imp.create_builtin` function.
 
 ..
 
@@ -483,7 +483,7 @@ Fix case of undefined behavior in ceval.c
 .. nonce: AfCi36
 .. section: Core and Builtins
 
-Convert :mod:`_functools` to argument clinic.
+Convert :mod:`!_functools` to argument clinic.
 
 ..
 
@@ -492,7 +492,7 @@ Convert :mod:`_functools` to argument clinic.
 .. nonce: wky0Fc
 .. section: Core and Builtins
 
-Do not expose ``KeyWrapper`` in :mod:`_functools`.
+Do not expose ``KeyWrapper`` in :mod:`!_functools`.
 
 ..
 
@@ -1731,7 +1731,7 @@ tracing functions implemented in C.
 .. nonce: lenv9h
 .. section: Core and Builtins
 
-:meth:`_warnings.warn_explicit` is ported to Argument Clinic.
+:meth:`!_warnings.warn_explicit` is ported to Argument Clinic.
 
 ..
 
@@ -3142,8 +3142,8 @@ test.test_codecs.EncodedFileTest`` instead.
 .. nonce: VhS1eS
 .. section: Library
 
-Made :class:`_struct.Struct` GC-tracked in order to fix a reference leak in
-the :mod:`_struct` module.
+Made :class:`!_struct.Struct` GC-tracked in order to fix a reference leak in
+the :mod:`!_struct` module.
 
 ..
 
@@ -3221,9 +3221,9 @@ Stinner.
 .. section: Library
 
 :mod:`hashlib`: Remove the pure Python implementation of
-:func:`hashlib.pbkdf2_hmac()`, deprecated in Python 3.10. Python 3.10 and
+:func:`hashlib.pbkdf2_hmac`, deprecated in Python 3.10. Python 3.10 and
 newer requires OpenSSL 1.1.1 (:pep:`644`): this OpenSSL version provides a C
-implementation of :func:`~hashlib.pbkdf2_hmac()` which is faster. Patch by
+implementation of :func:`~hashlib.pbkdf2_hmac` which is faster. Patch by
 Victor Stinner.
 
 ..
@@ -3258,7 +3258,7 @@ on the main thread
 
 Remove ``io.OpenWrapper`` and ``_pyio.OpenWrapper``, deprecated in Python
 3.10: just use :func:`open` instead. The :func:`open` (:func:`io.open`)
-function is a built-in function. Since Python 3.10, :func:`_pyio.open` is
+function is a built-in function. Since Python 3.10, :func:`!_pyio.open` is
 also a static method. Patch by Victor Stinner.
 
 ..
@@ -4237,8 +4237,8 @@ by :mod:`asyncio` to AIX platform only.
 .. nonce: 4dzB80
 .. section: Library
 
-Set :attr:`doctest.DocTest.lineno` to ``None`` when object does not have
-:attr:`__doc__`.
+Set :attr:`doctest.DocTest.lineno` to ``None`` when an object does not have
+:attr:`~definition.__doc__`.
 
 ..
 
@@ -5610,7 +5610,7 @@ Accept os.PathLike for the argument to winsound.PlaySound
 
 Support native Windows case-insensitive path comparisons by using
 ``LCMapStringEx`` instead of :func:`str.lower` in :func:`ntpath.normcase`.
-Add ``LCMapStringEx`` to the :mod:`_winapi` module.
+Add ``LCMapStringEx`` to the :mod:`!_winapi` module.
 
 ..
 
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.12.0a2.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.12.0a2.rst
index 88d84ad93b35b5..bc028f30636bf7 100644
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.12.0a2.rst
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.12.0a2.rst
@@ -527,7 +527,7 @@ Stinner.
 .. nonce: Ai2KDh
 .. section: Library
 
-Now :mod:`_pyio` is consistent with :mod:`_io` in raising ``ValueError``
+Now :mod:`!_pyio` is consistent with :mod:`!_io` in raising ``ValueError``
 when executing methods over closed buffers.
 
 ..
@@ -537,7 +537,7 @@ when executing methods over closed buffers.
 .. nonce: 0v8iyw
 .. section: Library
 
-Clean up refleak on failed module initialisation in :mod:`_zoneinfo`
+Clean up refleak on failed module initialisation in :mod:`!_zoneinfo`
 
 ..
 
@@ -546,7 +546,7 @@ Clean up refleak on failed module initialisation in :mod:`_zoneinfo`
 .. nonce: qc_KHr
 .. section: Library
 
-Clean up refleaks on failed module initialisation in :mod:`_pickle`
+Clean up refleaks on failed module initialisation in :mod:`!_pickle`
 
 ..
 
@@ -555,7 +555,7 @@ Clean up refleaks on failed module initialisation in :mod:`_pickle`
 .. nonce: LBl79O
 .. section: Library
 
-Clean up refleak on failed module initialisation in :mod:`_io`.
+Clean up refleak on failed module initialisation in :mod:`!_io`.
 
 ..
 
@@ -706,7 +706,7 @@ Remove modules :mod:`!asyncore` and :mod:`!asynchat`, which were deprecated by
 .. section: Library
 
 Fix handling of ``bytes`` :term:`path-like objects <path-like object>` in
-:func:`os.ismount()`.
+:func:`os.ismount`.
 
 ..
 
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.12.0a3.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.12.0a3.rst
index 07593998d80891..04a2bf9fb916b7 100644
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.12.0a3.rst
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.12.0a3.rst
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ Fix bug where compiler crashes on an if expression with an empty body block.
 .. nonce: DcKoBJ
 .. section: Core and Builtins
 
-Fix a reference bug in :func:`_imp.create_builtin()` after the creation of
+Fix a reference bug in :func:`!_imp.create_builtin` after the creation of
 the first sub-interpreter for modules ``builtins`` and ``sys``. Patch by
 Victor Stinner.
 
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ returns an invalid file descriptor.
 
 Also \ escape \s in the http.server BaseHTTPRequestHandler.log_message so
 that it is technically possible to parse the line and reconstruct what the
-original data was.  Without this a \xHH is ambiguious as to if it is a hex
+original data was.  Without this a \xHH is ambiguous as to if it is a hex
 replacement we put in or the characters r"\x" came through in the original
 request line.
 
@@ -399,7 +399,7 @@ Fix refcount error when arguments are packed to tuple in Argument Clinic.
 .. nonce: 7uCiIB
 .. section: Library
 
-:meth:`pathlib.PurePath.relative_to()` now treats naked Windows drive paths
+:meth:`pathlib.PurePath.relative_to` now treats naked Windows drive paths
 as relative. This brings its behaviour in line with other parts of pathlib.
 
 ..
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.12.0a4.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.12.0a4.rst
index d7af30f6c09b2b..57fb2052764b6f 100644
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.12.0a4.rst
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.12.0a4.rst
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ are now always dumped, even if switched off.
 Improve ``BUILD_LIST`` opcode so that it works similarly to the
 ``BUILD_TUPLE`` opcode, by stealing references from the stack rather than
 repeatedly using stack operations to set list elements.  Implementation
-details are in a new private API :c:func:`_PyList_FromArraySteal`.
+details are in a new private API :c:func:`!_PyList_FromArraySteal`.
 
 ..
 
@@ -611,8 +611,8 @@ random.expovariate().
 .. nonce: bgtzMV
 .. section: Library
 
-A :exc:`DeprecationWarning` may be raised when :func:`os.fork()` or
-:func:`os.forkpty()` is called from multi-threaded processes.  Forking with
+A :exc:`DeprecationWarning` may be raised when :func:`os.fork` or
+:func:`os.forkpty` is called from multi-threaded processes.  Forking with
 threads is unsafe and can cause deadlocks, crashes and subtle problems. Lack
 of a warning does not indicate that the fork call was actually safe, as
 Python may not be aware of all threads.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.12.0a5.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.12.0a5.rst
index effda2be6fd26c..5dc443bb55b617 100644
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.12.0a5.rst
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.12.0a5.rst
@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ a positional argument would lead to a :exc:`TypeError`.
 .. section: Library
 
 Group-related variables of ``_posixsubprocess`` module are renamed to stress
-that supplimentary group affinity is added to a fork, not replace the
+that supplementary group affinity is added to a fork, not replace the
 inherited ones. Patch by Oleg Iarygin.
 
 ..
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ It must not drop the ``Unpack`` part.
 .. nonce: wz4Xgc
 .. section: Library
 
-Add :func:`os.path.splitroot()`, which splits a path into a 3-item tuple
+Add :func:`os.path.splitroot`, which splits a path into a 3-item tuple
 ``(drive, root, tail)``. This new function is used by :mod:`pathlib` to
 improve the performance of path construction by up to a third.
 
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.12.0a6.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.12.0a6.rst
index 382dae33fcaee1..bc708d163ce0e9 100644
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.12.0a6.rst
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.12.0a6.rst
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ from the HACL* project.
 Updated the OpenSSL version used in Windows and macOS binary release builds
 to 1.1.1t to address :cve:`2023-0286`, :cve:`2022-4303`, and :cve:`2022-4303` per
 `the OpenSSL 2023-02-07 security advisory
-<https://www.openssl.org/news/secadv/20230207.txt>`_.
+<https://openssl-library.org/news/secadv/20230207.txt>`_.
 
 ..
 
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.12.0a7.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.12.0a7.rst
index a859be8a047456..f48b9ce0550440 100644
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.12.0a7.rst
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.12.0a7.rst
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ Aasland.
 .. nonce: DqNehf
 .. section: Library
 
-Pure python :func:`locale.getencoding()` will not warn deprecation.
+Pure python :func:`locale.getencoding` will not warn deprecation.
 
 ..
 
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.12.0b1.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.12.0b1.rst
index 9f3095b224233e..7126e08a20c7fd 100644
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.12.0b1.rst
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.12.0b1.rst
@@ -1828,7 +1828,7 @@ is relative.
 .. nonce: 511Tbh
 .. section: Library
 
-Convert private :meth:`_posixsubprocess.fork_exec` to use Argument Clinic.
+Convert private :meth:`!_posixsubprocess.fork_exec` to use Argument Clinic.
 
 ..
 
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.13.0a1.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.13.0a1.rst
index 9a321f779c24ff..c32c9a537d7b53 100644
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.13.0a1.rst
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.13.0a1.rst
@@ -2888,9 +2888,9 @@ documented and were not intended to be used externally.
 .. nonce: vMbmj_
 .. section: Library
 
-:data:`opcode.ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION` (which was added in 3.12 but never
+:data:`!opcode.ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION` (which was added in 3.12 but never
 documented or intended for external usage) is moved to
-:data:`_opcode.ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION` where tests can access it.
+:data:`!_opcode.ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION` where tests can access it.
 
 ..
 
@@ -3053,7 +3053,7 @@ Donghee Na.
 .. nonce: U9nD_B
 .. section: Library
 
-Optimize :meth:`_PollLikeSelector.select` for many iteration case.
+Optimize :meth:`!_PollLikeSelector.select` for many iteration case.
 
 ..
 
@@ -3173,7 +3173,7 @@ Disable tab completion in multiline mode of :mod:`pdb`
 .. nonce: pYSwMj
 .. section: Library
 
-Expose opcode metadata through :mod:`_opcode`.
+Expose opcode metadata through :mod:`!_opcode`.
 
 ..
 
@@ -3735,7 +3735,7 @@ overwritten.
 .. nonce: _sZilh
 .. section: Library
 
-Fix bugs in :mod:`_ctypes` where exceptions could end up being overwritten.
+Fix bugs in :mod:`!_ctypes` where exceptions could end up being overwritten.
 
 ..
 
@@ -5148,7 +5148,7 @@ frame did not save the PC`` is found. Patch by Victor Stinner.
 .. nonce: qxI4OG
 .. section: Tests
 
-libregrtest now calls :func:`random.seed()` before running each test file
+libregrtest now calls :func:`random.seed` before running each test file
 when ``-r/--randomize`` command line option is used. Moreover, it's also
 called in worker processes.  It should help to make tests more
 deterministic. Previously, it was only called once in the main process
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.13.0a2.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.13.0a2.rst
index c6b2b1b263ffab..a1a2d8a42ec03b 100644
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.13.0a2.rst
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.13.0a2.rst
@@ -632,8 +632,8 @@ Add extra argument validation for ``alias`` command in :mod:`pdb`
 .. nonce: FWqZIU
 .. section: Library
 
-:mod:`time`: Make :func:`time.clock_gettime()` and
-:func:`time.clock_gettime_ns()` functions up to 2x faster by faster calling
+:mod:`time`: Make :func:`time.clock_gettime` and
+:func:`time.clock_gettime_ns` functions up to 2x faster by faster calling
 convention. Patch by Victor Stinner.
 
 ..
@@ -674,7 +674,7 @@ Unix socket when the server is closed.
 .. nonce: Bc8LvA
 .. section: Library
 
-Added :func:`io.text_encoding()`, :data:`io.DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE`, and
+Added :func:`io.text_encoding`, :data:`io.DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE`, and
 :class:`io.IncrementalNewlineDecoder` to ``io.__all__``.
 
 ..
@@ -736,7 +736,7 @@ which allows to format :exc:`ExceptionGroup` instances.
 .. nonce: 5ePgFl
 .. section: Library
 
-Another attempt at fixing :func:`asyncio.Server.wait_closed()`. It now
+Another attempt at fixing :func:`asyncio.Server.wait_closed`. It now
 blocks until both conditions are true: the server is closed, *and* there are
 no more active connections. (This means that in some cases where in 3.12.0
 this function would *incorrectly* have returned immediately, it will now
@@ -777,7 +777,7 @@ Add error checking during :mod:`!_socket` module init.
 .. nonce: urFYtn
 .. section: Library
 
-Fix :mod:`_blake2` not checking for errors when initializing.
+Fix :mod:`!_blake2` not checking for errors when initializing.
 
 ..
 
@@ -880,7 +880,7 @@ Make :mod:`pdb` enter post-mortem mode even for :exc:`SyntaxError`
 .. nonce: _M-cQC
 .. section: Library
 
-Set ``f_trace_lines = True`` on all frames upon :func:`pdb.set_trace()`
+Set ``f_trace_lines = True`` on all frames upon :func:`pdb.set_trace`
 
 ..
 
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.13.0a3.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.13.0a3.rst
index 2c660192dcd5b3..0f8dee261c6589 100644
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.13.0a3.rst
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.13.0a3.rst
@@ -449,8 +449,8 @@ well-formed for surrogateescape encoding. Patch by Sidney Markowitz.
 .. nonce: N8E1zw
 .. section: Core and Builtins
 
-Use the object's actual class name in :meth:`_io.FileIO.__repr__`,
-:meth:`_io._WindowsConsoleIO` and :meth:`_io.TextIOWrapper.__repr__`, to
+Use the object's actual class name in :meth:`!_io.FileIO.__repr__`,
+:meth:`!_io._WindowsConsoleIO` and :meth:`!_io.TextIOWrapper.__repr__`, to
 make these methods subclass friendly.
 
 ..
@@ -555,7 +555,7 @@ Added :data:`mmap.MAP_NORESERVE`, :data:`mmap.MAP_NOEXTEND`,
 .. nonce: kXoCy0
 .. section: Library
 
-:func:`asyncio.TaskGroup()` and :func:`asyncio.timeout()` context managers
+:func:`asyncio.TaskGroup` and :func:`asyncio.timeout` context managers
 now handle :exc:`~asyncio.CancelledError` subclasses as well as exact
 :exc:`!CancelledError`.
 
@@ -607,7 +607,7 @@ with the documentation)
 .. nonce: xN2LuL
 .. section: Library
 
-:func:`asyncio.Condition.wait()` now re-raises the same
+:func:`asyncio.Condition.wait` now re-raises the same
 :exc:`CancelledError` instance that may have caused it to be interrupted.
 Fixed race condition in :func:`asyncio.Semaphore.acquire` when interrupted
 with a :exc:`CancelledError`.
@@ -863,7 +863,7 @@ Fixed tarfile list() method to show file type.
 .. nonce: jLWGlr
 .. section: Library
 
-:meth:`asyncio.futures.Future.set_exception()` now transforms
+:meth:`asyncio.futures.Future.set_exception` now transforms
 :exc:`StopIteration` into :exc:`RuntimeError` instead of hanging or other
 misbehavior. Patch contributed by Jamie Phan.
 
@@ -1805,7 +1805,7 @@ size.
 .. nonce: xPOBBY
 .. section: Library
 
-:func:`warnings.filterwarnings()` and :func:`warnings.simplefilter()` now
+:func:`warnings.filterwarnings` and :func:`warnings.simplefilter` now
 raise appropriate exceptions instead of ``AssertionError``. Patch
 contributed by Rémi Lapeyre.
 
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.13.0a4.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.13.0a4.rst
index 5efc244c6086cc..1b971113173e0a 100644
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.13.0a4.rst
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.13.0a4.rst
@@ -336,7 +336,7 @@ for decorated functions.
 .. nonce: RzxNYT
 .. section: Library
 
-Fix several :func:`format()` bugs when using the C implementation of
+Fix several :func:`format` bugs when using the C implementation of
 :class:`~decimal.Decimal`: * memory leak in some rare cases when using the
 ``z`` format option (coerce negative 0) * incorrect output when applying the
 ``z`` format option to type ``F`` (fixed-point with capital ``NAN`` /
@@ -1283,7 +1283,7 @@ Update macOS installer to use OpenSSL 3.0.13.
 .. nonce: FrQOQ0
 .. section: macOS
 
-Add Mach-O linkage support for :func:`platform.architecture()`.
+Add Mach-O linkage support for :func:`platform.architecture`.
 
 ..
 
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.13.0a5.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.13.0a5.rst
index 6d74c6bc5c4d55..d56b1542b01823 100644
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.13.0a5.rst
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.13.0a5.rst
@@ -446,7 +446,7 @@ regardless of *lineterminator* value.
 .. section: Library
 
 Restore support of space delimiter with ``skipinitialspace=True`` in
-:mod:`csv`. :func:`csv.writer()` now quotes empty fields if delimiter is a
+:mod:`csv`. :func:`csv.writer` now quotes empty fields if delimiter is a
 space and skipinitialspace is true and raises exception if quoting is not
 possible.
 
@@ -541,7 +541,7 @@ descriptors in :meth:`inspect.Signature.from_callable`.
 .. nonce: sGMKr0
 .. section: Library
 
-Isolate :mod:`_lsprof` (apply :pep:`687`).
+Isolate :mod:`!_lsprof` (apply :pep:`687`).
 
 ..
 
@@ -606,10 +606,10 @@ is complete.
 .. nonce: SQ998l
 .. section: Library
 
-:func:`posixpath.commonpath()` now raises a :exc:`ValueError` exception when
+:func:`posixpath.commonpath` now raises a :exc:`ValueError` exception when
 passed an empty iterable. Previously, :exc:`IndexError` was raised.
 
-:func:`posixpath.commonpath()` now raises a :exc:`TypeError` exception when
+:func:`posixpath.commonpath` now raises a :exc:`TypeError` exception when
 passed ``None``. Previously, :exc:`ValueError` was raised.
 
 ..
@@ -773,8 +773,8 @@ combination with unicode encoding.
 .. section: Library
 
 Fix :func:`io.BufferedReader.tell`, :func:`io.BufferedReader.seek`,
-:func:`_pyio.BufferedReader.tell`, :func:`io.BufferedRandom.tell`,
-:func:`io.BufferedRandom.seek` and :func:`_pyio.BufferedRandom.tell` being
+:func:`!_pyio.BufferedReader.tell`, :func:`io.BufferedRandom.tell`,
+:func:`io.BufferedRandom.seek` and :func:`!_pyio.BufferedRandom.tell` being
 able to return negative offsets.
 
 ..
@@ -823,7 +823,7 @@ Add missing call to localization function in :mod:`argparse`.
 .. nonce: Me7fJe
 .. section: Library
 
-Fix :meth:`multiprocessing.connection.Listener.accept()` to accept empty
+Fix :meth:`multiprocessing.connection.Listener.accept` to accept empty
 bytes as authkey. Not accepting empty bytes as key causes it to hang
 indefinitely.
 
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.13.0a6.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.13.0a6.rst
index 4d44bc664ef8b0..b9cdbc4e146d5a 100644
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.13.0a6.rst
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.13.0a6.rst
@@ -1,25 +1,7 @@
-.. date: 2024-04-08-20-26-15
-.. gh-issue: 117648
-.. nonce: NzVEa7
-.. release date: 2024-04-09
-.. section: Core and Builtins
-
-Improve performance of :func:`os.path.join` and :func:`os.path.expanduser`.
-
-..
-
-.. date: 2024-04-06-16-42-34
-.. gh-issue: 117584
-.. nonce: hqk9Hn
-.. section: Core and Builtins
-
-Raise :exc:`TypeError` for non-paths in :func:`posixpath.relpath()`.
-
-..
-
 .. date: 2024-04-04-13-42-59
 .. gh-issue: 117494
 .. nonce: GPQH64
+.. release date: 2024-04-09
 .. section: Core and Builtins
 
 Refactored the instruction sequence data structure out of compile.c into
@@ -97,33 +79,6 @@ Grigoryev Semyon
 
 ..
 
-.. date: 2024-03-29-21-43-19
-.. gh-issue: 117381
-.. nonce: fT0JFM
-.. section: Core and Builtins
-
-Fix error message for :func:`ntpath.commonpath`.
-
-..
-
-.. date: 2024-03-29-15-04-13
-.. gh-issue: 117349
-.. nonce: OB9kQQ
-.. section: Core and Builtins
-
-Optimise several functions in :mod:`os.path`.
-
-..
-
-.. date: 2024-03-28-19-13-20
-.. gh-issue: 117335
-.. nonce: d6uKJu
-.. section: Core and Builtins
-
-Raise TypeError for non-sequences for :func:`ntpath.commonpath`.
-
-..
-
 .. date: 2024-03-26-17-22-38
 .. gh-issue: 117266
 .. nonce: Kwh79O
@@ -170,16 +125,6 @@ up with growing heaps.
 
 ..
 
-.. date: 2024-03-21-09-57-57
-.. gh-issue: 117114
-.. nonce: Qu-p55
-.. section: Core and Builtins
-
-Make :func:`os.path.isdevdrive` available on all platforms. For those that
-do not offer Dev Drives, it will always return ``False``.
-
-..
-
 .. date: 2024-03-13-16-55-25
 .. gh-issue: 116735
 .. nonce: o3w6y8
@@ -305,6 +250,24 @@ operator. Patch by Pablo Galindo
 
 ..
 
+.. date: 2024-04-08-20-26-15
+.. gh-issue: 117648
+.. nonce: NzVEa7
+.. section: Library
+
+Improve performance of :func:`os.path.join` and :func:`os.path.expanduser`.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-04-06-16-42-34
+.. gh-issue: 117584
+.. nonce: hqk9Hn
+.. section: Library
+
+Raise :exc:`TypeError` for non-paths in :func:`posixpath.relpath`.
+
+..
+
 .. date: 2024-04-03-18-36-53
 .. gh-issue: 117467
 .. nonce: l6rWlj
@@ -336,6 +299,15 @@ which can happen on Linux >= 2.6.36 with glibc < 2.27.
 
 ..
 
+.. date: 2024-03-29-21-43-19
+.. gh-issue: 117381
+.. nonce: fT0JFM
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix error message for :func:`ntpath.commonpath`.
+
+..
+
 .. date: 2024-03-29-15-58-01
 .. gh-issue: 117337
 .. nonce: 7w3Qwp
@@ -347,6 +319,15 @@ argument instead.
 
 ..
 
+.. date: 2024-03-29-15-04-13
+.. gh-issue: 117349
+.. nonce: OB9kQQ
+.. section: Library
+
+Optimise several functions in :mod:`os.path`.
+
+..
+
 .. date: 2024-03-29-12-07-26
 .. gh-issue: 117348
 .. nonce: WjCYvK
@@ -357,6 +338,15 @@ complexity and improve comprehensibility.
 
 ..
 
+.. date: 2024-03-28-19-13-20
+.. gh-issue: 117335
+.. nonce: d6uKJu
+.. section: Library
+
+Raise TypeError for non-sequences for :func:`ntpath.commonpath`.
+
+..
+
 .. date: 2024-03-28-17-55-22
 .. gh-issue: 66449
 .. nonce: 4jhuEV
@@ -470,6 +460,16 @@ backslashes on Windows.
 
 ..
 
+.. date: 2024-03-21-09-57-57
+.. gh-issue: 117114
+.. nonce: Qu-p55
+.. section: Library
+
+Make :func:`os.path.isdevdrive` available on all platforms. For those that
+do not offer Dev Drives, it will always return ``False``.
+
+..
+
 .. date: 2024-03-21-07-27-36
 .. gh-issue: 117110
 .. nonce: 9K1InX
@@ -550,7 +550,7 @@ or DuplicateOptionError.
 .. nonce: PBiRQB
 .. section: Library
 
-:class:`_io.WindowsConsoleIO` now emit a warning if a boolean value is
+:class:`!_io.WindowsConsoleIO` now emit a warning if a boolean value is
 passed as a filedescriptor argument.
 
 ..
@@ -582,7 +582,7 @@ in other tests (like importlib.resources).
 .. nonce: LV16SL
 .. section: Library
 
-On Windows, :func:`time.time()` now uses the
+On Windows, :func:`time.time` now uses the
 ``GetSystemTimePreciseAsFileTime()`` clock to have a resolution better than
 1 us, instead of the ``GetSystemTimeAsFileTime()`` clock which has a
 resolution of 15.6 ms. Patch by Victor Stinner.
@@ -673,14 +673,14 @@ fused multiply-add function. Patch by Mark Dickinson and Victor Stinner.
 .. section: Library
 
 The :mod:`importlib.resources` functions
-:func:`~importlib.resources.is_resource()`,
-:func:`~importlib.resources.open_binary()`,
-:func:`~importlib.resources.open_text()`,
-:func:`~importlib.resources.path()`,
-:func:`~importlib.resources.read_binary()`, and
-:func:`~importlib.resources.read_text()` are un-deprecated, and support
+:func:`~importlib.resources.is_resource`,
+:func:`~importlib.resources.open_binary`,
+:func:`~importlib.resources.open_text`,
+:func:`~importlib.resources.path`,
+:func:`~importlib.resources.read_binary`, and
+:func:`~importlib.resources.read_text` are un-deprecated, and support
 subdirectories via multiple positional arguments. The
-:func:`~importlib.resources.contents()` function also allows subdirectories,
+:func:`~importlib.resources.contents` function also allows subdirectories,
 but remains deprecated.
 
 ..
@@ -1061,7 +1061,7 @@ when available. Contributed by vxiiduu.
 .. nonce: Bwfmp7
 .. section: Windows
 
-On Windows, :func:`time.monotonic()` now uses the
+On Windows, :func:`time.monotonic` now uses the
 ``QueryPerformanceCounter()`` clock to have a resolution better than 1 us,
 instead of the ``GetTickCount64()`` clock which has a resolution of 15.6 ms.
 Patch by Victor Stinner.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.13.0b1.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.13.0b1.rst
index 09b62c8377aabd..97731276679ba6 100644
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.13.0b1.rst
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.13.0b1.rst
@@ -295,16 +295,6 @@ Improve :exc:`SyntaxError` message for empty type param brackets.
 
 ..
 
-.. date: 2024-04-19-08-50-48
-.. gh-issue: 102511
-.. nonce: qDEB66
-.. section: Core and Builtins
-
-Fix :func:`os.path.normpath` for UNC paths on Windows.
-Speed up :func:`os.path.splitroot` with a native implementation.
-
-..
-
 .. date: 2024-04-18-03-49-41
 .. gh-issue: 117958
 .. nonce: -EsfUs
@@ -364,16 +354,6 @@ asend().throw()
 
 ..
 
-.. date: 2024-04-13-18-59-25
-.. gh-issue: 115874
-.. nonce: c3xG-E
-.. section: Core and Builtins
-
-Fixed a possible segfault during garbage collection of
-``_asyncio.FutureIter`` objects
-
-..
-
 .. date: 2024-04-13-16-55-53
 .. gh-issue: 117536
 .. nonce: xkVbfv
@@ -450,33 +430,6 @@ as such regardless of whether they are in extension modules or not.
 
 ..
 
-.. date: 2024-04-08-19-30-38
-.. gh-issue: 117641
-.. nonce: oaBGSJ
-.. section: Core and Builtins
-
-Speedup :func:`os.path.commonpath` on Unix.
-
-..
-
-.. date: 2024-04-08-14-33-38
-.. gh-issue: 117636
-.. nonce: exnRKd
-.. section: Core and Builtins
-
-Speedup :func:`os.path.join`.
-
-..
-
-.. date: 2024-04-07-18-42-09
-.. gh-issue: 117607
-.. nonce: C978BD
-.. section: Core and Builtins
-
-Speedup :func:`os.path.relpath`.
-
-..
-
 .. date: 2024-03-30-00-37-53
 .. gh-issue: 117385
 .. nonce: h0OJti
@@ -703,7 +656,7 @@ by :pep:`738`.
 .. section: Library
 
 Allow to specify the signature of custom callable instances of extension
-type by the :attr:`__text_signature__` attribute. Specify signatures of
+type by the ``__text_signature__`` attribute. Specify signatures of
 :class:`operator.attrgetter`, :class:`operator.itemgetter`, and
 :class:`operator.methodcaller` instances.
 
@@ -724,10 +677,10 @@ padding is not detected when no padding is necessary.
 .. nonce: 5N2Xcy
 .. section: Library
 
-Add the :class:`!PhotoImage` methods :meth:`~tkinter.PhotoImage.read` to
-read an image from a file and :meth:`~tkinter.PhotoImage.data` to get the
+Add the :class:`!PhotoImage` methods :meth:`!read` to
+read an image from a file and :meth:`!data` to get the
 image data. Add *background* and *grayscale* parameters to
-:class:`!PhotoImage` method :meth:`~tkinter.PhotoImage.write`.
+:class:`!PhotoImage` method :meth:`!write`.
 
 ..
 
@@ -739,8 +692,8 @@ image data. Add *background* and *grayscale* parameters to
 Add the :class:`!PhotoImage` method :meth:`!copy_replace` to copy a region
 from one image to other image, possibly with pixel zooming and/or
 subsampling. Add *from_coords* parameter to :class:`!PhotoImage` methods
-:meth:`!copy()`, :meth:`!zoom()` and :meth:`!subsample()`. Add *zoom* and
-*subsample* parameters to :class:`!PhotoImage` method :meth:`!copy()`.
+:meth:`!copy`, :meth:`!zoom` and :meth:`!subsample`. Add *zoom* and
+*subsample* parameters to :class:`!PhotoImage` method :meth:`!copy`.
 
 ..
 
@@ -836,6 +789,16 @@ big or offset too far.
 
 ..
 
+.. date: 2024-04-19-08-50-48
+.. gh-issue: 102511
+.. nonce: qDEB66
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix :func:`os.path.normpath` for UNC paths on Windows.
+Speed up :func:`os.path.splitroot` with a native implementation.
+
+..
+
 .. date: 2024-04-18-00-35-11
 .. gh-issue: 117535
 .. nonce: 0m6SIM
@@ -882,7 +845,7 @@ is used to bind indexed, nameless placeholders. See also :gh:`100668`.
 .. nonce: RstWg-
 .. section: Library
 
-Fix TypeError in :func:`email.Message.get_payload` when the charset is
+Fix TypeError in :func:`email.message.Message.get_payload` when the charset is
 :rfc:`2231` encoded.
 
 ..
@@ -910,6 +873,16 @@ Alex Waygood.
 
 ..
 
+.. date: 2024-04-13-18-59-25
+.. gh-issue: 115874
+.. nonce: c3xG-E
+.. section: Library
+
+Fixed a possible segfault during garbage collection of
+``_asyncio.FutureIter`` objects. Patch by Savannah Ostrowski.
+
+..
+
 .. date: 2024-04-13-01-45-15
 .. gh-issue: 115060
 .. nonce: IxoM03
@@ -980,7 +953,7 @@ Speed up :meth:`pathlib.Path.walk` by working with strings internally.
 .. nonce: oxIUEI
 .. section: Library
 
-Change the new multi-separator support in :meth:`asyncio.Stream.readuntil`
+Change the new multi-separator support in :meth:`asyncio.StreamReader.readuntil`
 to only accept tuples of separators rather than arbitrary iterables.
 
 ..
@@ -1005,6 +978,15 @@ dataclasses.
 
 ..
 
+.. date: 2024-04-08-19-30-38
+.. gh-issue: 117641
+.. nonce: oaBGSJ
+.. section: Library
+
+Speedup :func:`os.path.commonpath` on Unix.
+
+..
+
 .. date: 2024-04-08-19-12-26
 .. gh-issue: 117663
 .. nonce: CPfc_p
@@ -1015,6 +997,15 @@ but only one is the member value.
 
 ..
 
+.. date: 2024-04-08-14-33-38
+.. gh-issue: 117636
+.. nonce: exnRKd
+.. section: Library
+
+Speedup :func:`os.path.join`.
+
+..
+
 .. date: 2024-04-08-03-23-22
 .. gh-issue: 117618
 .. nonce: -4DCUw
@@ -1038,6 +1029,15 @@ The old constants are preserved for backwards compatibility.
 
 ..
 
+.. date: 2024-04-07-18-42-09
+.. gh-issue: 117607
+.. nonce: C978BD
+.. section: Library
+
+Speedup :func:`os.path.relpath`.
+
+..
+
 .. date: 2024-04-06-20-31-09
 .. gh-issue: 117586
 .. nonce: UgWdRK
@@ -1213,7 +1213,7 @@ changed from ``'r'`` to ``'rb'``.
 .. nonce: eeS6w7
 .. section: Library
 
-Fix :func:`inspect.signature()` to correctly handle parameter defaults on
+Fix :func:`inspect.signature` to correctly handle parameter defaults on
 methods in extension modules that use names defined in the module namespace.
 
 ..
@@ -1260,7 +1260,7 @@ Support opcode events in :mod:`bdb`
 .. nonce: YoI8TV
 .. section: Library
 
-:mod:`ncurses`: fixed a crash that could occur on macOS 13 or earlier when
+:mod:`!ncurses`: fixed a crash that could occur on macOS 13 or earlier when
 Python was built with Apple Xcode 15's SDK.
 
 ..
@@ -1315,7 +1315,7 @@ Hamdan.
 .. section: Library
 
 Adjust ``logging.LogRecord`` to use ``time.time_ns()`` and fix minor bug
-related to floating point math.
+related to floating-point math.
 
 ..
 
@@ -1347,13 +1347,13 @@ urllib.
 .. nonce: du4UKW
 .. section: Library
 
-Setting the :mod:`!tkinter` module global :data:`~tkinter.wantobject` to ``2``
+Setting the :mod:`!tkinter` module global :data:`!wantobjects` to ``2``
 before creating the :class:`~tkinter.Tk` object or call the
-:meth:`~tkinter.Tk.wantobject` method of the :class:`!Tk` object with argument
+:meth:`!wantobjects` method of the :class:`!Tk` object with argument
 ``2`` makes now arguments to callbacks registered in the :mod:`tkinter` module
 to be passed as various Python objects (``int``, ``float``, ``bytes``, ``tuple``),
 depending on their internal representation in Tcl, instead of always ``str``.
-:data:`!tkinter.wantobject` is now set to ``2`` by default.
+:data:`!tkinter.wantobjects` is now set to ``2`` by default.
 
 ..
 
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.14.0a1.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.14.0a1.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..dfc33812611185
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.14.0a1.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,6604 @@
+.. date: 2024-09-24-10-48-46
+.. gh-issue: 124448
+.. nonce: bFMrS6
+.. release date: 2024-10-15
+.. section: macOS
+
+Update bundled Tcl/Tk in macOS installer to 8.6.15.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-07-12-14-54
+.. gh-issue: 123797
+.. nonce: yFDeug
+.. section: macOS
+
+Check for runtime availability of ``ptsname_r`` function on macos.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-04-11-55-29
+.. gh-issue: 123418
+.. nonce: 8P4bmN
+.. section: macOS
+
+Updated macOS installer build to use OpenSSL 3.0.15.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-27-15-07-30
+.. gh-issue: 124487
+.. nonce: 7LrwHC
+.. section: Windows
+
+Increases Windows required OS and API level to Windows 10.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-27-13-40-25
+.. gh-issue: 124609
+.. nonce: WaKk8G
+.. section: Windows
+
+Fix ``_Py_ThreadId`` for Windows builds using MinGW. Patch by Tony Roberts.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-24-19-04-56
+.. gh-issue: 124448
+.. nonce: srVT3d
+.. section: Windows
+
+Updated bundled Tcl/Tk to 8.6.15.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-20-11-18-50
+.. gh-issue: 124254
+.. nonce: iPin-L
+.. section: Windows
+
+Ensures experimental free-threaded binaries remain installed when updating.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-10-19-23-00
+.. gh-issue: 123915
+.. nonce: yZMEDO
+.. section: Windows
+
+Ensure that ``Tools\msi\buildrelease.bat`` uses different directories for
+AMD64 and ARM64 builds.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-04-09-59-18
+.. gh-issue: 123418
+.. nonce: QaMC12
+.. section: Windows
+
+Updated Windows build to use OpenSSL 3.0.15.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-29-16-13-45
+.. gh-issue: 123476
+.. nonce: m2DFS4
+.. section: Windows
+
+Add support for ``socket.TCP_QUICKACK`` on Windows platforms.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-01-10-55-15
+.. gh-issue: 122573
+.. nonce: 4-UCFY
+.. section: Windows
+
+The Windows build of CPython now requires 3.10 or newer.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-19-21-50-54
+.. gh-issue: 100256
+.. nonce: GDrKba
+.. section: Windows
+
+:mod:`mimetypes` no longer fails when it encounters an inaccessible registry
+key.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-30-17-39-25
+.. gh-issue: 119679
+.. nonce: mZC87w
+.. section: Windows
+
+Ensures correct import libraries are included in Windows installs.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-29-11-06-12
+.. gh-issue: 119690
+.. nonce: 8q6e1p
+.. section: Windows
+
+Adds Unicode support and fixes audit events for ``_winapi.CreateNamedPipe``.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-25-18-43-10
+.. gh-issue: 111201
+.. nonce: SLPJIx
+.. section: Windows
+
+Add support for new pyrepl on Windows
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-22-19-43-29
+.. gh-issue: 119070
+.. nonce: _enton
+.. section: Windows
+
+Fixes ``py.exe`` handling of shebangs like ``/usr/bin/env python3.12``,
+which were previously interpreted as ``python3.exe`` instead of
+``python3.12.exe``.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-04-24-22-50-33
+.. gh-issue: 117505
+.. nonce: gcTb_p
+.. section: Windows
+
+Fixes an issue with the Windows installer not running ensurepip in a fully
+isolated environment. This could cause unexpected interactions with the user
+site-packages.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-04-24-05-16-32
+.. gh-issue: 118209
+.. nonce: Ryyzlz
+.. section: Windows
+
+Avoid crashing in :mod:`mmap` on Windows when the mapped memory is
+inaccessible due to file system errors or access violations.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2022-04-20-18-32-30
+.. gh-issue: 79846
+.. nonce: Vggv3f
+.. section: Windows
+
+Makes :code:`ssl.create_default_context()` ignore invalid certificates in
+the Windows certificate store
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-04-10-07-51
+.. gh-issue: 123418
+.. nonce: 1eIFZb
+.. section: Tools/Demos
+
+Update GitHub CI workflows to use OpenSSL 3.0.15 and multissltests to use
+3.0.15, 3.1.7, and 3.2.3.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-10-07-14-13-38
+.. gh-issue: 125041
+.. nonce: PKLWDf
+.. section: Tests
+
+Re-enable skipped tests for :mod:`zlib` on the s390x architecture: only skip
+checks of the compressed bytes, which can be different between zlib's
+software implementation and the hardware-accelerated implementation.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-25-12-39-34
+.. gh-issue: 124378
+.. nonce: Ywwgia
+.. section: Tests
+
+Updated ``test_ttk`` to pass with Tcl/Tk 8.6.15.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-18-18-39-21
+.. gh-issue: 124213
+.. nonce: AQq_xg
+.. section: Tests
+
+Detect whether the test suite is running inside a systemd-nspawn container
+with ``--suppress-sync=true`` option, and skip the ``test_os`` and
+``test_mmap`` tests that are failing in this scenario.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-17-22-21-58
+.. gh-issue: 124190
+.. nonce: 3fWhiX
+.. section: Tests
+
+Add capability to ignore entire files or directories in check warning CI
+tool
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-17-08-25-06
+.. gh-issue: 121921
+.. nonce: HW8CIS
+.. section: Tests
+
+Update ``Lib/test/crashers/bogus_code_obj.py`` so that it crashes properly
+again.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-13-21-55-58
+.. gh-issue: 112301
+.. nonce: YJS1dl
+.. section: Tests
+
+Add tooling to check for changes in compiler warnings. Patch by Nate Ohlson.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-13-11-48-20
+.. gh-issue: 59022
+.. nonce: fYNbQ8
+.. section: Tests
+
+Add tests for :func:`pkgutil.extend_path`. Patch by Andreas Stocker.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-13-11-04-44
+.. gh-issue: 99242
+.. nonce: aGxnwz
+.. section: Tests
+
+:func:`os.getloadavg` may throw :exc:`OSError` when running regression tests
+under certain conditions (e.g. chroot). This error is now caught and
+ignored, since reporting load average is optional.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-04-15-10-29
+.. gh-issue: 121084
+.. nonce: qxcd5d
+.. section: Tests
+
+Fix test_typing random leaks. Clear typing ABC caches when running tests for
+refleaks (``-R`` option): call ``_abc_caches_clear()`` on typing abstract
+classes and their subclasses. Patch by Victor Stinner.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-03-14-41-00
+.. gh-issue: 121160
+.. nonce: LEtiTd
+.. section: Tests
+
+Add a test for :func:`readline.set_history_length`. Note that this test may
+fail on readline libraries.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-01-16-15-06
+.. gh-issue: 121200
+.. nonce: 4Pc-gc
+.. section: Tests
+
+Fix ``test_expanduser_pwd2()`` of ``test_posixpath``.  Call ``getpwnam()``
+to get ``pw_dir``, since it can be different than ``getpwall()`` ``pw_dir``.
+Patch by Victor Stinner.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-01-09-04-32
+.. gh-issue: 121188
+.. nonce: XbuTVa
+.. section: Tests
+
+When creating the JUnit XML file, regrtest now escapes characters which are
+invalid in XML, such as the chr(27) control character used in ANSI escape
+sequences. Patch by Victor Stinner.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-20-12-51-26
+.. gh-issue: 120801
+.. nonce: lMVXC9
+.. section: Tests
+
+Cleaned up fixtures for importlib.metadata tests and consolidated behavior
+with 'test.support.os_helper'.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-29-15-28-08
+.. gh-issue: 119727
+.. nonce: dVkaZM
+.. section: Tests
+
+Add ``--single-process`` command line option to Python test runner
+(regrtest). Patch by Victor Stinner.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-20-18-06-31
+.. gh-issue: 119273
+.. nonce: hf-yhX
+.. section: Tests
+
+Python test runner no longer runs tests using TTY (ex: test_ioctl) in a
+process group (using ``setsid()``). Previously, tests using TTY were
+skipped. Patch by Victor Stinner.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-18-10-59-27
+.. gh-issue: 119050
+.. nonce: g4qiH7
+.. section: Tests
+
+regrtest test runner: Add XML support to the refleak checker (-R option).
+Patch by Victor Stinner.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-04-22-56-41
+.. gh-issue: 101525
+.. nonce: LHK166
+.. section: Tests
+
+Skip ``test_gdb`` if the binary is relocated by BOLT. Patch by Donghee Na.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2023-08-03-17-26-55
+.. gh-issue: 107562
+.. nonce: ZnbscS
+.. section: Tests
+
+Test certificates have been updated to expire far in the future. This allows
+testing Y2038 with system time set to after that, so that actual Y2038
+issues can be exposed, and not masked by expired certificate errors.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-10-09-20-08-13
+.. gh-issue: 125140
+.. nonce: YgNWRB
+.. section: Security
+
+Remove the current directory from ``sys.path`` when using PyREPL.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-04-12-41-35
+.. gh-issue: 123678
+.. nonce: N41y9n
+.. section: Security
+
+Upgrade libexpat to 2.6.3
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-14-19-43-57
+.. gh-issue: 112301
+.. nonce: IQUcOy
+.. section: Security
+
+Enable compiler options that warn of potential security vulnerabilities.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-07-10-42-13
+.. gh-issue: 122792
+.. nonce: oiTMo9
+.. section: Security
+
+Changed IPv4-mapped ``ipaddress.IPv6Address`` to consistently use the mapped
+IPv4 address value for deciding properties. Properties which have their
+behavior fixed are ``is_multicast``, ``is_reserved``, ``is_link_local``,
+``is_global``, and ``is_unspecified``.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-06-00-06-23
+.. gh-issue: 112301
+.. nonce: 4k4lw6
+.. section: Security
+
+Add ability to ignore warnings per file with warning count in warning
+checking tooling. Patch by Nate Ohlson.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-24-05-18-25
+.. gh-issue: 112301
+.. nonce: lfINgZ
+.. section: Security
+
+Add macOS warning tracking to warning check tooling. Patch by Nate Ohlson.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-22-13-11-28
+.. gh-issue: 122133
+.. nonce: 0mPeta
+.. section: Security
+
+Authenticate the socket connection for the ``socket.socketpair()`` fallback
+on platforms where ``AF_UNIX`` is not available like Windows.
+
+Patch by Gregory P. Smith <greg@krypto.org> and Seth Larson
+<seth@python.org>. Reported by Ellie <el@horse64.org>
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-18-13-17-47
+.. gh-issue: 121957
+.. nonce: QemKLU
+.. section: Security
+
+Fixed missing audit events around interactive use of Python, now also
+properly firing for ``python -i``, as well as for ``python -m asyncio``. The
+events in question are ``cpython.run_stdin`` and ``cpython.run_startup``.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-08-23-39-04
+.. gh-issue: 112301
+.. nonce: TD8G01
+.. section: Security
+
+Enable runtime protections for glibc to abort execution when unsafe behavior
+is encountered, for all platforms except Windows.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-02-13-39-20
+.. gh-issue: 121285
+.. nonce: hrl-yI
+.. section: Security
+
+Remove backtracking from tarfile header parsing for ``hdrcharset``, PAX, and
+GNU sparse headers.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-25-04-42-43
+.. gh-issue: 112301
+.. nonce: god4IC
+.. section: Security
+
+Add default compiler options to improve security. Enable
+-Wimplicit-fallthrough, -fstack-protector-strong, -Wtrampolines.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-08-21-59-38
+.. gh-issue: 118773
+.. nonce: 7dFRJY
+.. section: Security
+
+Fixes creation of ACLs in :func:`os.mkdir` on Windows to work correctly on
+non-English machines.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-01-20-57-09
+.. gh-issue: 118486
+.. nonce: K44KJG
+.. section: Security
+
+:func:`os.mkdir` on Windows now accepts *mode* of ``0o700`` to restrict the
+new directory to the current user. This fixes :cve:`2024-4030` affecting
+:func:`tempfile.mkdtemp` in scenarios where the base temporary directory is
+more permissive than the default.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-10-14-04-44-12
+.. gh-issue: 125422
+.. nonce: MlVuC6
+.. section: Library
+
+Fixed the bug where :mod:`pdb` and :mod:`bdb` can step into the bottom
+caller frame.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-10-14-02-27-03
+.. gh-issue: 100141
+.. nonce: NuAcwa
+.. section: Library
+
+Fixed the bug where :mod:`pdb` will be stuck in an infinite loop when
+debugging an empty file.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-10-13-20-21-35
+.. gh-issue: 53203
+.. nonce: Rz1c8A
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix :func:`time.strptime` for ``%c``, ``%x`` and ``%X`` formats in many
+locales that use non-ASCII digits, like Persian, Burmese, Odia and Shan.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-10-11-18-03-05
+.. gh-issue: 125206
+.. nonce: pWRRK6
+.. section: Library
+
+Workaround for old libffi versions is added. Module ctypes supports
+:c:expr:`double complex` only with libffi >= 3.3.0. Patch by Mikhail Efimov.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-10-11-16-19-46
+.. gh-issue: 89967
+.. nonce: vhWUOR
+.. section: Library
+
+Make :class:`~weakref.WeakKeyDictionary` and
+:class:`~weakref.WeakValueDictionary` safe against concurrent mutations from
+other threads. Patch by Kumar Aditya.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-10-11-04-04-38
+.. gh-issue: 125260
+.. nonce: PeZ0Mb
+.. section: Library
+
+The :func:`gzip.compress` *mtime* parameter now defaults to 0 for
+reproducible output. Patch by Bernhard M. Wiedemann and Adam Turner.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-10-10-20-39-57
+.. gh-issue: 125243
+.. nonce: eUbbtu
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix data race when creating :class:`zoneinfo.ZoneInfo` objects in the free
+threading build.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-10-10-19-57-35
+.. gh-issue: 125254
+.. nonce: RtZxXS
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix a bug where ArgumentError includes the incorrect ambiguous option in
+:mod:`argparse`.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-10-10-18-33-31
+.. gh-issue: 125235
+.. nonce: 0kOB5I
+.. section: Library
+
+Keep :mod:`tkinter` TCL paths in venv pointing to base installation on
+Windows.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-10-09-21-42-43
+.. gh-issue: 61011
+.. nonce: pQXZb1
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix inheritance of nested mutually exclusive groups from parent parser in
+:class:`argparse.ArgumentParser`. Previously, all nested mutually exclusive
+groups lost their connection to the group containing them and were displayed
+as belonging directly to the parser.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-10-09-07-09-00
+.. gh-issue: 125118
+.. nonce: J9rQ1S
+.. section: Library
+
+Don't copy arbitrary values to :c:expr:`_Bool` in the :mod:`struct` module.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-10-08-21-17-16
+.. gh-issue: 125069
+.. nonce: 0RP0Mx
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix an issue where providing a :class:`pathlib.PurePath` object as an
+initializer argument to a second :class:`~pathlib.PurePath` object with a
+different :attr:`~pathlib.PurePath.parser` resulted in arguments to the
+former object's initializer being joined by the latter object's parser.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-10-08-13-28-22
+.. gh-issue: 125096
+.. nonce: Vz0W5g
+.. section: Library
+
+If the :envvar:`PYTHON_BASIC_REPL` environment variable is set, the
+:mod:`site` module no longer imports the :mod:`!_pyrepl` module. Moreover,
+the :mod:`site` module now respects :option:`-E` and :option:`-I` command
+line options: ignore :envvar:`PYTHON_BASIC_REPL` in this case. Patch by
+Victor Stinner.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-10-08-12-09-09
+.. gh-issue: 124969
+.. nonce: _VBQLq
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix ``locale.nl_langinfo(locale.ALT_DIGITS)``. Now it returns a tuple of up
+to 100 strings (an empty tuple on most locales). Previously it returned the
+first item of that tuple or an empty string.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-10-05-15-49-53
+.. gh-issue: 124960
+.. nonce: Bol9hT
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix support for the ``barry_as_FLUFL`` future flag in the new REPL.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-10-04-12-43-03
+.. gh-issue: 69998
+.. nonce: DVqOXX
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix :func:`locale.nl_langinfo` in case when different categories have
+different locales. The function now sets temporarily the ``LC_CTYPE`` locale
+in some cases. This temporary change affects other threads.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-10-04-08-46-00
+.. gh-issue: 124958
+.. nonce: rea9-x
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix refcycles in exceptions raised from :class:`asyncio.TaskGroup` and the
+python implementation of :class:`asyncio.Future`
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-10-03-20-45-57
+.. gh-issue: 53203
+.. nonce: 3Sk4Ia
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix :func:`time.strptime` for ``%c`` and ``%x`` formats in many locales:
+Arabic, Bislama, Breton, Bodo, Kashubian, Chuvash, Estonian, French, Irish,
+Ge'ez, Gurajati, Manx Gaelic, Hebrew, Hindi, Chhattisgarhi, Haitian Kreyol,
+Japanese, Kannada, Korean, Marathi, Malay, Norwegian, Nynorsk, Punjabi,
+Rajasthani, Tok Pisin, Yoruba, Yue Chinese, Yau/Nungon and Chinese.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-10-03-19-16-38
+.. gh-issue: 123961
+.. nonce: ik1Dgs
+.. section: Library
+
+Convert :mod:`curses` to multi-phase initialization (:pep:`489`), thereby
+fixing reference leaks at interpreter shutdown. Patch by Bénédikt Tran.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-10-03-17-13-22
+.. gh-issue: 124944
+.. nonce: YyLAzf
+.. section: Library
+
+Add ``SO_ORIGINAL_DST`` to the :mod:`socket` module.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-10-03-05-00-25
+.. gh-issue: 117151
+.. nonce: Prdw_W
+.. section: Library
+
+The default buffer size used by :func:`shutil.copyfileobj` has been
+increased from 64k to 256k on non-Windows platforms. It was already larger
+on Windows.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-10-02-22-53-48
+.. gh-issue: 90102
+.. nonce: 4qX52R
+.. section: Library
+
+Skip the ``isatty`` system call during open() when the file is known to not
+be a character device. This provides a slight performance improvement when
+reading whole files.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-10-02-21-11-18
+.. gh-issue: 124917
+.. nonce: Lnwh5b
+.. section: Library
+
+Allow calling :func:`os.path.exists` and :func:`os.path.lexists` with
+keyword arguments on Windows. Fixes a regression in 3.13.0.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-10-02-16-35-07
+.. gh-issue: 65865
+.. nonce: S2D4wq
+.. section: Library
+
+:mod:`argparse` now raises early error for invalid ``help`` arguments to
+:meth:`~argparse.ArgumentParser.add_argument`,
+:meth:`~argparse.ArgumentParser.add_subparsers` and :meth:`!add_parser`.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-10-02-15-05-45
+.. gh-issue: 124653
+.. nonce: tqsTu9
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix detection of the minimal Queue API needed by the :mod:`logging` module.
+Patch by Bénédikt Tran.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-10-01-23-29-09
+.. gh-issue: 91818
+.. nonce: Kz8cPI
+.. section: Library
+
+The CLI of many modules (:mod:`ast`, :mod:`ensurepip`, :mod:`json`,
+:mod:`pdb`, :mod:`sqlite3`, :mod:`tokenize`, :mod:`venv`) now uses the
+actual executable name instead of simply "python" to display in the usage
+message.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-10-01-17-12-20
+.. gh-issue: 124858
+.. nonce: Zy0tvT
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix reference cycles left in tracebacks in :func:`asyncio.open_connection`
+when used with ``happy_eyeballs_delay``
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-10-01-13-46-58
+.. gh-issue: 124390
+.. nonce: dK1Zcm
+.. section: Library
+
+Fixed :exc:`AssertionError` when using
+:func:`!asyncio.staggered.staggered_race` with
+:attr:`asyncio.eager_task_factory`.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-10-01-13-11-53
+.. gh-issue: 85935
+.. nonce: CTwJUy
+.. section: Library
+
+:meth:`argparse.ArgumentParser.add_argument` now raises an exception if an
+:ref:`action` that does not consume arguments (like 'store_const' or
+'store_true') or explicit ``nargs=0`` are specified for positional
+arguments.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-10-01-12-43-42
+.. gh-issue: 124835
+.. nonce: SVyp3K
+.. section: Library
+
+Make :func:`tomllib.loads` raise :exc:`TypeError` not :exc:`AttributeError`
+on bad input types that do not have the ``replace`` attribute. Improve error
+message when :class:`bytes` is received.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-10-01-02-31-13
+.. gh-issue: 124693
+.. nonce: qzbXKB
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix a bug where :mod:`argparse` doesn't recognize negative complex numbers
+or negative numbers using scientific notation.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-30-20-46-32
+.. gh-issue: 124787
+.. nonce: 3FnJnP
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix :class:`typing.TypeAliasType` with incorrect ``type_params`` argument.
+Now it raises a :exc:`TypeError` when a type parameter without a default
+follows one with a default, and when an entry in the ``type_params`` tuple
+is not a type parameter object.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-30-19-59-28
+.. gh-issue: 66436
+.. nonce: 4gYN_n
+.. section: Library
+
+Improved :ref:`prog` default value for :class:`argparse.ArgumentParser`. It
+will now include the name of the Python executable along with the module or
+package name, or the path to a directory, ZIP file, or directory within a
+ZIP file if the code was run that way.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-27-15-16-04
+.. gh-issue: 116850
+.. nonce: dBkR0-
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix :mod:`argparse` for namespaces with not directly writable dict (e.g.
+classes).
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-27-06-39-32
+.. gh-issue: 101552
+.. nonce: xYkzag
+.. section: Library
+
+Add an *annoation_format* parameter to :func:`inspect.signature`. Add an
+*quote_annotation_strings* parameter to :meth:`inspect.Signature.format`.
+Use the new functionality to improve the display of annotations in
+signatures in :mod:`pydoc`. Patch by Jelle Zijlstra.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-26-22-14-12
+.. gh-issue: 58573
+.. nonce: hozbm9
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix conflicts between abbreviated long options in the parent parser and
+subparsers in :mod:`argparse`.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-26-13-43-39
+.. gh-issue: 124594
+.. nonce: peYhsP
+.. section: Library
+
+All :mod:`asyncio` REPL prompts run in the same :class:`context
+<contextvars.Context>`. Contributed by Bartosz Sławecki.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-26-09-18-09
+.. gh-issue: 61181
+.. nonce: dwjmch
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix support of :ref:`choices` with string value in :mod:`argparse`.
+Substrings of the specified string no longer considered valid values.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-26-00-35-24
+.. gh-issue: 116750
+.. nonce: X1aMHI
+.. section: Library
+
+Provide :func:`sys.monitoring.clear_tool_id` to unregister all events and
+callbacks set by the tool.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-25-22-06-52
+.. gh-issue: 124552
+.. nonce: 1nQKNM
+.. section: Library
+
+Improve the accuracy of :mod:`bdb`'s check for the possibility of breakpoint
+in a frame. This makes it possible to disable unnecessary events in
+functions.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-25-18-34-48
+.. gh-issue: 124538
+.. nonce: nXZk4R
+.. section: Library
+
+Fixed crash when using :func:`gc.get_referents` on a capsule object.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-25-18-08-29
+.. gh-issue: 80259
+.. nonce: kO5Tw7
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix :mod:`argparse` support of positional arguments with ``nargs='?'``,
+``default=argparse.SUPPRESS`` and specified ``type``.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-25-18-07-51
+.. gh-issue: 120378
+.. nonce: NlBSz_
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix a crash related to an integer overflow in :func:`curses.resizeterm` and
+:func:`curses.resize_term`.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-25-12-14-58
+.. gh-issue: 124498
+.. nonce: Ozxs55
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix :class:`typing.TypeAliasType` not to be generic, when ``type_params`` is
+an empty tuple.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-25-10-25-57
+.. gh-issue: 53834
+.. nonce: uyIckw
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix support of arguments with :ref:`choices` in :mod:`argparse`. Positional
+arguments with :ref:`nargs` equal to ``'?'`` or ``'*'`` no longer check
+:ref:`default` against ``choices``. Optional arguments with ``nargs`` equal
+to ``'?'`` no longer check :ref:`const` against ``choices``.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-24-22-38-51
+.. gh-issue: 123884
+.. nonce: iEPTK4
+.. section: Library
+
+Fixed bug in itertools.tee() handling of other tee inputs (a tee in a tee).
+The output now has the promised *n* independent new iterators.  Formerly,
+the first iterator was identical (not independent) to the input iterator.
+This would sometimes give surprising results.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-24-21-15-27
+.. gh-issue: 123017
+.. nonce: dSAr2f
+.. section: Library
+
+Due to unreliable results on some devices, :func:`time.strftime` no longer
+accepts negative years on Android.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-24-19-32-14
+.. gh-issue: 123014
+.. nonce: zVcfkZ
+.. section: Library
+
+:func:`os.pidfd_open` and :func:`signal.pidfd_send_signal` are now
+unavailable when building against Android API levels older than 31, since
+the underlying system calls may cause a crash.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-24-13-32-16
+.. gh-issue: 124176
+.. nonce: 6hmOPz
+.. section: Library
+
+Add support for :func:`dataclasses.dataclass` in
+:func:`unittest.mock.create_autospec`. Now ``create_autospec`` will check
+for potential dataclasses and use :func:`dataclasses.fields` function to
+retrieve the spec information.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-24-12-34-48
+.. gh-issue: 124345
+.. nonce: s3vKql
+.. section: Library
+
+:mod:`argparse` vim supports abbreviated single-dash long options separated
+by ``=`` from its value.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-24-00-01-24
+.. gh-issue: 124400
+.. nonce: 0XCgfe
+.. section: Library
+
+Fixed a :mod:`pdb` bug where ``until`` has no effect when it appears in a
+``commands`` sequence. Also avoid printing the frame information at a
+breakpoint that has a command list containing a command that resumes
+execution.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-23-18-26-17
+.. gh-issue: 90562
+.. nonce: Yj566G
+.. section: Library
+
+Modify dataclasses to support zero-argument super() when ``slots=True`` is
+specified.  This works by modifying all references to ``__class__`` to point
+to the newly created class.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-23-17-33-47
+.. gh-issue: 104860
+.. nonce: O86OSc
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix disallowing abbreviation of single-dash long options in :mod:`argparse`
+with ``allow_abbrev=False``.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-21-23-56-41
+.. gh-issue: 63143
+.. nonce: YKu-LQ
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix parsing mutually exclusive arguments in :mod:`argparse`. Arguments with
+the value identical to the default value (e.g. booleans, small integers,
+empty or 1-character strings) are no longer considered "not present".
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-21-22-32-21
+.. gh-issue: 72795
+.. nonce: naLmkX
+.. section: Library
+
+Positional arguments with :ref:`nargs` equal to ``'*'`` or
+:data:`!argparse.REMAINDER` are no longer required. This allows to use
+positional argument with ``nargs='*'`` and without ``default`` in mutually
+exclusive group and improves error message about required arguments.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-21-19-02-37
+.. gh-issue: 59317
+.. nonce: OAhNZZ
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix parsing positional argument with :ref:`nargs` equal to ``'?'`` or
+``'*'`` if it is preceded by an option and another positional argument.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-20-18-23-19
+.. gh-issue: 100980
+.. nonce: 8nVAB6
+.. section: Library
+
+The :attr:`~ctypes.Structure._fields_` attribute of
+:class:`ctypes.Structure` and :class:`~ctypes.Union` is no longer set if the
+setattr operation raises an error.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-20-12-23-11
+.. gh-issue: 53780
+.. nonce: mrV1zi
+.. section: Library
+
+:mod:`argparse` now ignores the first ``"--"`` (double dash) between an
+option and command.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-19-20-15-00
+.. gh-issue: 124217
+.. nonce: j0KlQB
+.. section: Library
+
+Add RFC 9637 reserved IPv6 block ``3fff::/20`` in :mod:`ipaddress` module.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-19-16-00-22
+.. gh-issue: 111513
+.. nonce: 6jHm02
+.. section: Library
+
+Improve the error message that may be raised by
+:meth:`datetime.date.fromtimestamp`.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-19-11-47-39
+.. gh-issue: 124248
+.. nonce: g7rufd
+.. section: Library
+
+Fixed potential crash when using :mod:`struct` to process zero-width 'Pascal
+string' fields (``0p``).
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-19-10-36-18
+.. gh-issue: 81691
+.. nonce: Hyhp_U
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix handling of multiple ``"--"`` (double dashes) in :mod:`argparse`. Only
+the first one has now been removed, all subsequent ones are now taken
+literally.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-19-03-46-59
+.. gh-issue: 87041
+.. nonce: 9Ox7Bv
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix a bug in :mod:`argparse` where lengthy subparser argument help is
+incorrectly indented.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-19-00-09-48
+.. gh-issue: 84559
+.. nonce: IrxvQe
+.. section: Library
+
+The default :mod:`multiprocessing` start method on Linux and other POSIX
+systems has been changed away from often unsafe ``"fork"`` to
+``"forkserver"`` (when the platform supports sending file handles over pipes
+as most do) or ``"spawn"``.  Mac and Windows are unchanged as they already
+default to ``"spawn"``.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-18-17-45-52
+.. gh-issue: 124212
+.. nonce: n6kIby
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix invalid variable in :mod:`venv` handling of failed symlink on Windows
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-17-18-06-42
+.. gh-issue: 124171
+.. nonce: PHCvRJ
+.. section: Library
+
+Add workaround for broken :c:func:`!fmod()` implementations on Windows, that
+loose zero sign (e.g. ``fmod(-10, 1)`` returns ``0.0``).  Patch by Sergey B
+Kirpichev.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-16-12-31-48
+.. gh-issue: 123978
+.. nonce: z3smEu
+.. section: Library
+
+Remove broken :func:`time.thread_time` and :func:`time.thread_time_ns` on
+NetBSD.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-13-10-34-19
+.. gh-issue: 123934
+.. nonce: yMe7mL
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix :class:`unittest.mock.MagicMock` resetting magic methods return values
+after ``.reset_mock(return_value=True)`` was called.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-12-10-55-19
+.. gh-issue: 124016
+.. nonce: ncs0hd
+.. section: Library
+
+Update :mod:`unicodedata` database to Unicode 16.0.0.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-11-19-12-23
+.. gh-issue: 123968
+.. nonce: OwHON_
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix the command-line interface for the :mod:`random` module to select floats
+between 0 and N, not 1 and N.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-11-19-05-32
+.. gh-issue: 123945
+.. nonce: jLwybB
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix a bug where :mod:`argparse` doesn't recognize negative numbers with
+underscores
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-11-13-33-19
+.. gh-issue: 123935
+.. nonce: fRZ_56
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix parent slots detection for dataclasses that inherit from classes with
+``__dictoffset__``.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-10-11-26-14
+.. gh-issue: 123892
+.. nonce: 2gzIrz
+.. section: Library
+
+Add ``"_wmi"`` to :data:`sys.stdlib_module_names`. Patch by Victor Stinner.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-06-10-17-54
+.. gh-issue: 84808
+.. nonce: ION67Z
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix error handling in :py:class:`~socket.socket` method
+:py:func:`~socket.socket.connect_ex` on platforms where :c:data:`errno` can
+be negative.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-06-01-35-11
+.. gh-issue: 123756
+.. nonce: Ozbhke
+.. section: Library
+
+Added a new argument ``mode`` to :class:`pdb.Pdb`. Only allow :mod:`pdb`
+from command line to use ``restart`` command.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-06-00-00-43
+.. gh-issue: 122765
+.. nonce: tx4hsr
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix unbalanced quote errors occurring when activate.csh in :mod:`venv` was
+sourced with a custom prompt containing unpaired quotes or newlines.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-04-18-23-43
+.. gh-issue: 123657
+.. nonce: Oks4So
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix crash and memory leak in :func:`decimal.getcontext`. It crashed when
+using a thread-local context by ``--with-decimal-contextvar=no``.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-02-20-34-04
+.. gh-issue: 123339
+.. nonce: czgcSu
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix :func:`inspect.getsource` for classes in :mod:`collections.abc` and
+:mod:`decimal` (for pure Python implementation) modules.
+:func:`inspect.getcomments` now raises OSError instead of IndexError if the
+``__firstlineno__`` value for a class is out of bound.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-31-12-34-44
+.. gh-issue: 123374
+.. nonce: 3kE7rb
+.. section: Library
+
+Remove check for redefined memo entry in :func:`pickletools.dis`.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-30-09-01-35
+.. gh-issue: 123504
+.. nonce: lJ9_BB
+.. section: Library
+
+Fixed reference leak in the finalization of :mod:`tkinter`.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-29-14-51-36
+.. gh-issue: 123430
+.. nonce: M7wXl9
+.. section: Library
+
+Pages generated by the :mod:`http.server` module allow the browser to apply
+its default dark mode.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-29-09-27-12
+.. gh-issue: 123446
+.. nonce: _I_mMr
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix empty function name in :exc:`TypeError` when :func:`csv.reader`,
+:func:`csv.writer`, or :func:`csv.register_dialect` are used without the
+required args.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-28-20-08-19
+.. gh-issue: 123448
+.. nonce: tItJlp
+.. section: Library
+
+Fixed memory leak of :class:`typing.NoDefault` by moving it to the static
+types array.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-28-13-03-36
+.. gh-issue: 123409
+.. nonce: lW0YF-
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix :attr:`ipaddress.IPv6Address.reverse_pointer` output according to
+:rfc:`RFC 3596, §2.5 <3596#section-2.5>`.  Patch by Bénédikt Tran.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-27-12-38-42
+.. gh-issue: 123089
+.. nonce: vA7iFR
+.. section: Library
+
+Make :class:`weakref.WeakSet` safe against concurrent mutations while it is
+being iterated. Patch by Kumar Aditya.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-27-12-11-00
+.. gh-issue: 123363
+.. nonce: gKuJp6
+.. section: Library
+
+Show string value of :opcode:`CONTAINS_OP` oparg in :mod:`dis` output. Patch
+by Alexandr153.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-27-10-30-37
+.. gh-issue: 123341
+.. nonce: 5e-fjt
+.. section: Library
+
+Add :meth:`~object.__class_getitem__` to :class:`!tkinter.Event` for type
+subscript support at runtime. Patch by Adonis Rakateli.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-26-19-36-00
+.. gh-issue: 123340
+.. nonce: mQKI1H
+.. section: Library
+
+Show string value of :opcode:`IS_OP` oparg in :mod:`dis` output.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-26-18-48-13
+.. gh-issue: 119518
+.. nonce: QFYH9q
+.. section: Library
+
+Speed up normalization of :class:`pathlib.PurePath` and
+:class:`~pathlib.Path` objects by not interning string parts.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-26-13-45-20
+.. gh-issue: 123270
+.. nonce: gXHvNJ
+.. section: Library
+
+Applied a more surgical fix for malformed payloads in :class:`zipfile.Path`
+causing infinite loops (gh-122905) without breaking contents using
+legitimate characters.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-25-16-59-20
+.. gh-issue: 73991
+.. nonce: 1w8u3K
+.. section: Library
+
+Add :meth:`pathlib.Path.copy_into` and :meth:`~pathlib.Path.move_into`,
+which copy and move files and directories into *existing* directories.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-24-06-05-41
+.. gh-issue: 123228
+.. nonce: jR_5O5
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix return type for
+:func:`!_pyrepl.readline._ReadlineWrapper.get_line_buffer` to be
+:func:`str`.  Patch by Sergey B Kirpichev.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-24-00-03-01
+.. gh-issue: 123240
+.. nonce: uFPG3l
+.. section: Library
+
+Raise audit events for the :func:`input` in the new REPL.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-23-22-01-30
+.. gh-issue: 76960
+.. nonce: vsANPu
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix :func:`urllib.parse.urljoin` and :func:`urllib.parse.urldefrag` for URIs
+containing empty components. For example, :func:`!urljoin` with relative
+reference "?" now sets empty query and removes fragment. Preserve empty
+components (authority, params, query, fragment) in :func:`!urljoin`.
+Preserve empty components (authority, params, query) in :func:`!urldefrag`.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-23-15-49-10
+.. gh-issue: 116810
+.. nonce: QLBUU8
+.. section: Library
+
+Resolve a memory leak introduced in CPython 3.10's :mod:`ssl` when the
+:attr:`ssl.SSLSocket.session` property was accessed.  Speeds up read and
+write access to said property by no longer unnecessarily cloning session
+objects via serialization.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-22-20-10-13
+.. gh-issue: 123243
+.. nonce: Kifj1L
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix memory leak in :mod:`!_decimal`.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-22-11-25-19
+.. gh-issue: 122546
+.. nonce: BSmeE7
+.. section: Library
+
+Consistently use same file name for different exceptions in the new repl.
+Patch by Sergey B Kirpichev.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-22-09-37-48
+.. gh-issue: 123213
+.. nonce: owmXnP
+.. section: Library
+
+:meth:`xml.etree.ElementTree.Element.extend` and
+:class:`~xml.etree.ElementTree.Element` assignment no longer hide the
+internal exception if an erroneous generator is passed. Patch by Bar Harel.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-20-18-02-27
+.. gh-issue: 85110
+.. nonce: 8_iDQy
+.. section: Library
+
+Preserve relative path in URL without netloc in
+:func:`urllib.parse.urlunsplit` and :func:`urllib.parse.urlunparse`.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-20-14-22-49
+.. gh-issue: 123165
+.. nonce: vOZZOA
+.. section: Library
+
+Add support for rendering :class:`~dis.Positions` in :mod:`dis`.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-19-17-37-18
+.. gh-issue: 122909
+.. nonce: kP12SK
+.. section: Library
+
+In urllib.request when URLError is raised opening an ftp URL, the exception
+argument is now consistently a string. Earlier versions passed either a
+string or an ftplib exception instance as the argument to URLError.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-18-08-25-32
+.. gh-issue: 123084
+.. nonce: rf8izX
+.. section: Library
+
+Deprecate :class:`!shutil.ExecError`, which hasn't been raised by any
+:mod:`shutil` function since Python 3.4. It's now an alias for
+:exc:`RuntimeError`.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-17-08-17-20
+.. gh-issue: 123085
+.. nonce: 7Io2yH
+.. section: Library
+
+In a bare call to :func:`importlib.resources.files`, ensure the caller's
+frame is properly detected when ``importlib.resources`` is itself available
+as a compiled module only (no source).
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-16-19-13-21
+.. gh-issue: 123067
+.. nonce: Nx9O4R
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix quadratic complexity in parsing ``"``-quoted cookie values with
+backslashes by :mod:`http.cookies`.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-16-16-53-52
+.. gh-issue: 123049
+.. nonce: izx_fH
+.. section: Library
+
+Add support for :const:`~configparser.UNNAMED_SECTION` in
+:meth:`configparser.ConfigParser.add_section`.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-15-09-45-34
+.. gh-issue: 121735
+.. nonce: _1q0qf
+.. section: Library
+
+When working with zip archives, importlib.resources now properly honors
+module-adjacent references (e.g. ``files(pkg.mod)`` and not just
+``files(pkg)``).
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-14-10-41-11
+.. gh-issue: 122981
+.. nonce: BHV0Z9
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix :func:`inspect.getsource` for generated classes with Python base classes
+(e.g. enums).
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-11-14-23-07
+.. gh-issue: 122903
+.. nonce: xktZta
+.. section: Library
+
+``zipfile.Path.glob`` now correctly matches directories instead of silently
+omitting them.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-11-14-08-04
+.. gh-issue: 122905
+.. nonce: 7tDsxA
+.. section: Library
+
+:class:`zipfile.Path` objects now sanitize names from the zipfile.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-10-14-16-59
+.. gh-issue: 122873
+.. nonce: XlHaUn
+.. section: Library
+
+Enable :mod:`json` module to work as a script using the :option:`-m` switch:
+``python -m json``. See the :ref:`JSON command-line interface
+<json-commandline>` documentation. Patch by Trey Hunner.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-10-10-21-44
+.. gh-issue: 122858
+.. nonce: ZC1rJD
+.. section: Library
+
+Deprecate :func:`!asyncio.iscoroutinefunction` in favor of
+:func:`inspect.iscoroutinefunction`.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-07-17-41-16
+.. gh-issue: 116263
+.. nonce: EcXir0
+.. section: Library
+
+:class:`logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler` no longer rolls over empty log
+files.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-07-14-12-19
+.. gh-issue: 105376
+.. nonce: QbGPdE
+.. section: Library
+
+Restore the deprecated :mod:`logging` ``warn()`` method. It was removed in
+Python 3.13 alpha 1. Keep the deprecated ``warn()`` method in Python 3.13.
+Patch by Victor Stinner.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-07-11-57-41
+.. gh-issue: 122311
+.. nonce: LDExnJ
+.. section: Library
+
+Improve errors in the :mod:`pickle` module. :exc:`~pickle.PicklingError` is
+now raised more often instead of :exc:`UnicodeEncodeError`,
+:exc:`ValueError` and :exc:`AttributeError`, and the original exception is
+chained to it. Improve and unify error messages in Python and C
+implementations.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-06-18-07-19
+.. gh-issue: 122744
+.. nonce: kCzNDI
+.. section: Library
+
+Bump the version of pip bundled in ensurepip to version 24.2.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-06-10-36-55
+.. gh-issue: 118761
+.. nonce: q_x_1A
+.. section: Library
+
+Improve import time of :mod:`pprint` by around seven times. Patch by Hugo
+van Kemenade.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-06-07-24-00
+.. gh-issue: 118974
+.. nonce: qamsCQ
+.. section: Library
+
+Add ``decorator`` parameter to :func:`dataclasses.make_dataclass` to
+customize the functional creation of dataclasses.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-04-14-07-18
+.. gh-issue: 118814
+.. nonce: uiyks1
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix the :class:`typing.TypeVar` constructor when name is passed by keyword.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-03-06-51-08
+.. gh-issue: 122637
+.. nonce: gpas8J
+.. section: Library
+
+Adjust ``cmath.tanh(nanj)`` and ``cmath.tanh(infj)`` for recent C standards.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-31-20-43-21
+.. gh-issue: 122478
+.. nonce: sCU2Le
+.. section: Library
+
+Remove internal frames from tracebacks shown in
+:class:`code.InteractiveInterpreter` with non-default
+:func:`sys.excepthook`. Save correct tracebacks in
+:attr:`sys.last_traceback` and update ``__traceback__`` attribute of
+:attr:`sys.last_value` and :attr:`sys.last_exc`.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-31-15-08-42
+.. gh-issue: 116622
+.. nonce: aKxIQA
+.. section: Library
+
+On Android, the ``FICLONE`` and ``FICLONERANGE`` constants are no longer
+exposed by :mod:`fcntl`, as these ioctls are blocked by SELinux.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-31-14-55-41
+.. gh-issue: 82378
+.. nonce: eZvYmR
+.. section: Library
+
+Make sure that the new :term:`REPL` interprets :data:`sys.tracebacklimit` in
+the same way that the classic REPL did.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-30-21-29-30
+.. gh-issue: 122334
+.. nonce: LeoE1x
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix crash when importing :mod:`ssl` after the main interpreter restarts.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-30-15-57-07
+.. gh-issue: 122459
+.. nonce: AYIoeN
+.. section: Library
+
+Optimize :mod:`pickling <pickle>` by name objects without the ``__module__``
+attribute.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-30-14-46-16
+.. gh-issue: 87320
+.. nonce: -Yk1wb
+.. section: Library
+
+In :class:`code.InteractiveInterpreter`, handle exceptions caused by calling
+a non-default :func:`sys.excepthook`. Before, the exception bubbled up to
+the caller, ending the :term:`REPL`.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-30-04-27-55
+.. gh-issue: 122272
+.. nonce: 6Wwa1V
+.. section: Library
+
+On some platforms such as Linux, year with century was not 0-padded when
+formatted by :meth:`~.datetime.strftime` with C99-specific specifiers
+``'%C'`` or ``'%F'``. The 0-padding behavior is now guaranteed when the
+format specifiers ``'%C'`` and ``'%F'`` are supported by the C library.
+Patch by Ben Hsing
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-29-16-47-08
+.. gh-issue: 122400
+.. nonce: fM0YSv
+.. section: Library
+
+Handle :exc:`ValueError`\s raised by :func:`os.stat` in
+:class:`filecmp.dircmp` and :func:`filecmp.cmpfiles`. Patch by Bénédikt
+Tran.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-29-10-24-48
+.. gh-issue: 122311
+.. nonce: xChV1b
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix some error messages in :mod:`pickle`.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-27-16-10-41
+.. gh-issue: 121650
+.. nonce: nf6oc9
+.. section: Library
+
+:mod:`email` headers with embedded newlines are now quoted on output. The
+:mod:`~email.generator` will now refuse to serialize (write) headers that
+are unsafely folded or delimited; see
+:attr:`~email.policy.Policy.verify_generated_headers`. (Contributed by Bas
+Bloemsaat and Petr Viktorin in :gh:`121650`.)
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-26-21-21-13
+.. gh-issue: 122332
+.. nonce: fvw88r
+.. section: Library
+
+Fixed segfault with :meth:`asyncio.Task.get_coro` when using an eager task
+factory.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-25-15-41-14
+.. gh-issue: 105733
+.. nonce: o3koJA
+.. section: Library
+
+:func:`ctypes.ARRAY` is now :term:`soft deprecated`: it no longer emits
+deprecation warnings and is not scheduled for removal.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-24-08-48-22
+.. gh-issue: 122213
+.. nonce: o3pdgA
+.. section: Library
+
+Add notes for pickle serialization errors that allow to identify the source
+of the error.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-23-22-26-00
+.. gh-issue: 119180
+.. nonce: B2IVT8
+.. section: Library
+
+As part of :pep:`749`, add the following attributes for customizing
+evaluation of annotation scopes:
+
+* ``evaluate_value`` on :class:`typing.TypeAliasType`
+* ``evaluate_bound``, ``evaluate_constraints``, and ``evaluate_default`` on :class:`typing.TypeVar`
+* ``evaluate_default`` on :class:`typing.ParamSpec`
+* ``evaluate_default`` on :class:`typing.TypeVarTuple`
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-23-17-13-10
+.. gh-issue: 119180
+.. nonce: 5PZELo
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix handling of classes with custom metaclasses in
+``annotationlib.get_annotations``.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-23-15-30-23
+.. gh-issue: 122170
+.. nonce: Z9gi3Y
+.. section: Library
+
+Handle :exc:`ValueError`\s raised by :func:`os.stat` in :mod:`linecache`.
+Patch by Bénédikt Tran.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-23-15-11-13
+.. gh-issue: 122163
+.. nonce: 4wRUuM
+.. section: Library
+
+Add notes for JSON serialization errors that allow to identify the source of
+the error.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-23-13-07-12
+.. gh-issue: 122129
+.. nonce: PwbC8q
+.. section: Library
+
+Improve support of method descriptors and wrappers in the help title.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-23-12-38-14
+.. gh-issue: 122145
+.. nonce: sTO8nX
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix an issue when reporting tracebacks corresponding to Python code emitting
+an empty AST body. Patch by Nikita Sobolev and Bénédikt Tran.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-23-10-59-38
+.. gh-issue: 121723
+.. nonce: iJEf7e
+.. section: Library
+
+Make :func:`logging.config.dictConfig` accept any object implementing the
+Queue public API. See the :ref:`queue configuration <configure-queue>`
+section for details. Patch by Bénédikt Tran.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-23-09-14-44
+.. gh-issue: 82951
+.. nonce: -F5p5A
+.. section: Library
+
+Serializing objects with complex ``__qualname__`` (such as unbound methods
+and nested classes) by name no longer involves serializing parent objects by
+value in pickle protocols < 4.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-22-08-57-28
+.. gh-issue: 120754
+.. nonce: Eo5puP
+.. section: Library
+
+``Pathlib.read_bytes`` no longer opens the file in Python's buffered I/O
+mode. This reduces overheads as the code reads a file in whole leading to a
+modest speedup.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-22-08-14-04
+.. gh-issue: 113785
+.. nonce: 6B_KNB
+.. section: Library
+
+:mod:`csv` now correctly parses numeric fields (when used with
+:const:`csv.QUOTE_NONNUMERIC` or :const:`csv.QUOTE_STRINGS`) which start
+with an escape character.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-21-18-03-30
+.. gh-issue: 122088
+.. nonce: vi2bP-
+.. section: Library
+
+:func:`@warnings.deprecated <warnings.deprecated>` now copies the coroutine
+status of functions and methods so that :func:`inspect.iscoroutinefunction`
+returns the correct result.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-21-10-45-24
+.. gh-issue: 122081
+.. nonce: dNrYMq
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix a crash in the :func:`!decimal.IEEEContext` optional function available
+via the ``EXTRA_FUNCTIONALITY`` configuration flag.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-21-02-00-46
+.. gh-issue: 73991
+.. nonce: pLxdtJ
+.. section: Library
+
+Add :meth:`pathlib.Path.move`, which moves a file or directory tree.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-17-12-55-22
+.. gh-issue: 121268
+.. nonce: 41RmjR
+.. section: Library
+
+Remove workarounds for non-IEEE 754 systems in :mod:`cmath`.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-17-09-44-35
+.. gh-issue: 119698
+.. nonce: WlygzR
+.. section: Library
+
+Due to the lack of interest for :meth:`symtable.Class.get_methods`, the
+method is marked as deprecated and will be removed in Python 3.16. Patch by
+Bénédikt Tran.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-17-09-23-03
+.. gh-issue: 121889
+.. nonce: 6se9jS
+.. section: Library
+
+Adjusts ``cmath.acosh(complex('0+nanj'))`` for recent C standards.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-16-20-49-07
+.. gh-issue: 121804
+.. nonce: gYN-In
+.. section: Library
+
+Correctly show error locations, when :exc:`SyntaxError` raised in new repl.
+Patch by Sergey B Kirpichev.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-15-19-34-56
+.. gh-issue: 121797
+.. nonce: qDqj59
+.. section: Library
+
+Add alternative :class:`~fractions.Fraction` constructor
+:meth:`Fraction.from_number() <fractions.Fraction.from_number>`.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-15-19-25-25
+.. gh-issue: 121798
+.. nonce: GmuBDu
+.. section: Library
+
+Add alternative :class:`~decimal.Decimal` constructor
+:meth:`Decimal.from_number() <decimal.Decimal.from_number>`.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-14-11-18-28
+.. gh-issue: 120930
+.. nonce: Kuo4L0
+.. section: Library
+
+Fixed a bug introduced by gh-92081 that added an incorrect extra blank to
+encoded words occurring in wrapped headers.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-14-06-24-02
+.. gh-issue: 57141
+.. nonce: C3jhDh
+.. section: Library
+
+The *shallow* argument to :class:`filecmp.dircmp` (new in Python 3.13) is
+now keyword-only.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-13-06-23-24
+.. gh-issue: 121245
+.. nonce: RfOgf4
+.. section: Library
+
+Simplify handling of the history file in ``site.register_readline()``
+helper. The ``CAN_USE_PYREPL`` variable now will be initialized, when
+imported.  Patch by Sergey B Kirpichev.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-10-08-13-34
+.. gh-issue: 121249
+.. nonce: W9Gd09
+.. section: Library
+
+Support the :c:expr:`float complex` and :c:expr:`double complex` C types in
+the :mod:`struct` module if the compiler has C11 complex arithmetic.  Patch
+by Sergey B Kirpichev.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-09-12-23-32
+.. gh-issue: 121486
+.. nonce: Iultjh
+.. section: Library
+
+:mod:`math` functions :func:`~math.isqrt`, :func:`~math.log`,
+:func:`~math.log2` and :func:`~math.log10` now support integers larger than
+``2**2**32`` on 32-bit platforms.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-08-03-45-34
+.. gh-issue: 121474
+.. nonce: NsvrUN
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix missing sanity check for ``parties`` arg in :class:`threading.Barrier`
+constructor. Patch by Clinton Christian (pygeek).
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-06-23-39-38
+.. gh-issue: 121450
+.. nonce: vGqb3c
+.. section: Library
+
+Hard-coded breakpoints (:func:`breakpoint` and :func:`pdb.set_trace`) now
+reuse the most recent ``Pdb`` instance that calls ``Pdb.set_trace()``,
+instead of creating a new one each time. As a result, all the instance
+specific data like ``display`` and ``commands`` are preserved across
+Hard-coded breakpoints.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-06-16-08-39
+.. gh-issue: 119169
+.. nonce: o0YymL
+.. section: Library
+
+Slightly speed up :func:`os.walk` by simplifying exception handling.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-06-12-37-10
+.. gh-issue: 121423
+.. nonce: vnxrl4
+.. section: Library
+
+Improve import time of :mod:`socket` by lazy importing modules and writing
+:data:`!socket.errorTab` as a constant.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-04-17-36-03
+.. gh-issue: 59110
+.. nonce: IlI9Fz
+.. section: Library
+
+:mod:`zipimport` supports now namespace packages when no directory entry
+exists.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-03-14-23-04
+.. gh-issue: 119004
+.. nonce: L5MoUu
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix a crash in :ref:`OrderedDict.__eq__ <collections_OrderedDict__eq__>`
+when operands are mutated during the check. Patch by Bénédikt Tran.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-03-10-11-53
+.. gh-issue: 121313
+.. nonce: D7gARW
+.. section: Library
+
+Limit the reading size in the :class:`multiprocessing.connection.Connection`
+class to 64 KiB to prevent memory overallocation and unnecessary memory
+management system calls.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-03-07-25-21
+.. gh-issue: 121332
+.. nonce: Iz6FEq
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix constructor of :mod:`ast` nodes with custom ``_attributes``. Previously,
+passing custom attributes would raise a :py:exc:`DeprecationWarning`.
+Passing arguments to the constructor that are not in ``_fields`` or
+``_attributes`` remains deprecated. Patch by Jelle Zijlstra.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-02-11-34-06
+.. gh-issue: 121245
+.. nonce: sSkDAr
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix a bug in the handling of the command history of the new :term:`REPL`
+that caused the history file to be wiped at REPL exit.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-01-11-23-18
+.. gh-issue: 121210
+.. nonce: cD0zfn
+.. section: Library
+
+Handle AST nodes with missing runtime fields or attributes in
+:func:`ast.compare`. Patch by Bénédikt Tran.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-29-19-30-15
+.. gh-issue: 121163
+.. nonce: SJKDFq
+.. section: Library
+
+Add support for ``all`` as an valid ``action`` for
+:func:`warnings.simplefilter` and :func:`warnings.filterwarnings`.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-29-15-23-26
+.. gh-issue: 121151
+.. nonce: HeLEvq
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix wrapping of long usage text of arguments inside a mutually exclusive
+group in :mod:`argparse`.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-29-15-21-12
+.. gh-issue: 121141
+.. nonce: 4evD6q
+.. section: Library
+
+Add support for :func:`copy.replace` to AST nodes. Patch by Bénédikt Tran.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-29-05-08-59
+.. gh-issue: 87744
+.. nonce: rpF6Jw
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix waitpid race while calling
+:meth:`~asyncio.subprocess.Process.send_signal` in asyncio. Patch by Kumar
+Aditya.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-27-13-47-14
+.. gh-issue: 121027
+.. nonce: jh55EC
+.. section: Library
+
+Add a future warning in :meth:`!functools.partial.__get__`. In future Python
+versions :class:`functools.partial` will be a method descriptor.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-27-12-27-52
+.. gh-issue: 121027
+.. nonce: D4K1OX
+.. section: Library
+
+Make the :class:`functools.partial` object a method descriptor.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-26-17-00-39
+.. gh-issue: 117784
+.. nonce: inCtAV
+.. section: Library
+
+CPython now detects whether its linked TLS library supports TLSv1.3
+post-handshake authentication and disables that feature if support is
+lacking.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-26-10-13-40
+.. gh-issue: 121025
+.. nonce: M-XXlV
+.. section: Library
+
+Improve the :meth:`~object.__repr__` of :class:`functools.partialmethod`.
+Patch by Bénédikt Tran.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-26-03-04-24
+.. gh-issue: 121018
+.. nonce: clVSc4
+.. section: Library
+
+Fixed issues where :meth:`!argparse.ArgumentParser.parse_args` did not honor
+``exit_on_error=False``. Based on patch by Ben Hsing.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-23-17-50-40
+.. gh-issue: 119614
+.. nonce: vwPGLB
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix truncation of strings with embedded null characters in some internal
+operations in :mod:`tkinter`.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-23-11-21-27
+.. gh-issue: 120910
+.. nonce: t0QXdB
+.. section: Library
+
+When reading installed files from an egg, use ``relative_to(walk_up=True)``
+to honor files installed outside of the installation root.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-23-07-23-08
+.. gh-issue: 61103
+.. nonce: ca_U_l
+.. section: Library
+
+Support :c:expr:`float complex`, :c:expr:`double complex` and :c:expr:`long
+double complex` C types in :mod:`ctypes` as
+:class:`~ctypes.c_float_complex`, :class:`~ctypes.c_double_complex` and
+:class:`~ctypes.c_longdouble_complex` if the compiler has C11 complex
+arithmetic. Patch by Sergey B Kirpichev.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-22-22-52-24
+.. gh-issue: 120888
+.. nonce: sd8I3N
+.. section: Library
+
+Upgrade pip wheel bundled with ensurepip (pip 24.1.1)
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-22-22-23-56
+.. gh-issue: 101830
+.. nonce: 1BAoxH
+.. section: Library
+
+Accessing the :mod:`tkinter` object's string representation no longer
+converts the underlying Tcl object to a string on Windows.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-22-17-01-56
+.. gh-issue: 120678
+.. nonce: Ik8dCg
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix regression in the new REPL that meant that globals from files passed
+using the ``-i`` argument would not be included in the REPL's global
+namespace. Patch by Alex Waygood.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-21-14-32-56
+.. gh-issue: 120811
+.. nonce: eBmVTV
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix possible memory leak in :meth:`contextvars.Context.run`.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-21-12-00-16
+.. gh-issue: 120782
+.. nonce: LOE8tj
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix wrong references of the :mod:`datetime` types after reloading the
+module.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-21-06-37-46
+.. gh-issue: 120713
+.. nonce: WBbQx4
+.. section: Library
+
+:meth:`datetime.datetime.strftime` now 0-pads years with less than four
+digits for the format specifiers ``%Y`` and ``%G`` on Linux. Patch by Ben
+Hsing
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-20-01-31-24
+.. gh-issue: 120769
+.. nonce: PfiMrc
+.. section: Library
+
+Make empty line in :mod:`pdb` repeats the last command even when the command
+is from ``cmdqueue``.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-19-23-08-25
+.. gh-issue: 120780
+.. nonce: 0Omopb
+.. section: Library
+
+Show string value of LOAD_SPECIAL oparg in :mod:`dis` output.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-19-19-53-42
+.. gh-issue: 41431
+.. nonce: gnkUc5
+.. section: Library
+
+Add :meth:`datetime.time.strptime` and :meth:`datetime.date.strptime`.
+Contributed by Wannes Boeykens.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-19-15-43-04
+.. gh-issue: 120743
+.. nonce: CMMl2P
+.. section: Library
+
+:term:`Soft deprecate <soft deprecated>` :func:`os.popen` and
+:func:`os.spawn* <os.spawnl>` functions. They should no longer be used to
+write new code. The :mod:`subprocess` module is recommended instead. Patch
+by Victor Stinner.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-19-15-06-58
+.. gh-issue: 120732
+.. nonce: OvYV9b
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix ``name`` passing to :class:`unittest.mock.Mock` object when using
+:func:`unittest.mock.create_autospec`.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-19-13-20-01
+.. gh-issue: 111259
+.. nonce: Wki5PV
+.. section: Library
+
+:mod:`re` now handles patterns like ``"[\s\S]"`` or ``"\s|\S"`` which match
+any character as effectively as a dot with the ``DOTALL`` modifier
+(``"(?s:.)"``).
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-18-19-18-10
+.. gh-issue: 120683
+.. nonce: xmRez7
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix an error in :class:`logging.LogRecord`, when the integer part of the
+timestamp is rounded up, while the millisecond calculation truncates,
+causing the log timestamp to be wrong by up to 999 ms (affected roughly 1 in
+8 million timestamps).
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-18-14-45-38
+.. gh-issue: 118710
+.. nonce: 5GZZPX
+.. section: Library
+
+:class:`ipaddress.IPv4Address` and :class:`ipaddress.IPv6Address` attributes
+``version`` and ``max_prefixlen`` are now available on the class.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-17-20-04-13
+.. gh-issue: 120633
+.. nonce: kZC5wt
+.. section: Library
+
+Move scrollbar and remove tear-off menus in turtledemo.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-16-21-33-56
+.. gh-issue: 120606
+.. nonce: kugbwR
+.. section: Library
+
+Allow users to use EOF to exit ``commands`` definition in :mod:`pdb`
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-15-23-38-36
+.. gh-issue: 120284
+.. nonce: HwsAtY
+.. section: Library
+
+Allow :meth:`asyncio.Runner.run` to accept :term:`awaitable` objects instead
+of simply :term:`coroutine`\s.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-15-12-04-46
+.. gh-issue: 120541
+.. nonce: d3cc5y
+.. section: Library
+
+Improve the prompt in the "less" pager when :func:`help` is called with
+non-string argument.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-14-20-05-25
+.. gh-issue: 120495
+.. nonce: OxgZKB
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix incorrect exception handling in Tab Nanny. Patch by Wulian233.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-12-15-07-58
+.. gh-issue: 120388
+.. nonce: VuTQMT
+.. section: Library
+
+Improve a warning message when a test method in :mod:`unittest` returns
+something other than ``None``. Now we show the returned object type and
+optional asyncio-related tip.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-12-11-54-05
+.. gh-issue: 120381
+.. nonce: O-BNLs
+.. section: Library
+
+Correct :func:`inspect.ismethoddescriptor` to check also for the lack of
+:meth:`~object.__delete__`.  Patch by Jan Kaliszewski.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-12-10-00-31
+.. gh-issue: 90425
+.. nonce: 5CfkKG
+.. section: Library
+
+The OS byte in gzip headers is now always set to 255 when using
+:func:`gzip.compress`.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-11-16-34-41
+.. gh-issue: 120343
+.. nonce: hdiXeU
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix column offset reporting for tokens that come after multiline f-strings
+in the :mod:`tokenize` module.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-11-07-17-25
+.. gh-issue: 119180
+.. nonce: iH-2zy
+.. section: Library
+
+As part of implementing :pep:`649` and :pep:`749`, add a new module
+``annotationlib``. Add support for unresolved forward references in
+annotations to :mod:`dataclasses`, :class:`typing.TypedDict`, and
+:class:`typing.NamedTuple`.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-10-14-00-40
+.. gh-issue: 119600
+.. nonce: jJMf4C
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix :func:`unittest.mock.patch` to not read attributes of the target when
+``new_callable`` is set. Patch by Robert Collins.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-09-19-53-11
+.. gh-issue: 120289
+.. nonce: s4HXR0
+.. section: Library
+
+Fixed the use-after-free issue in :mod:`cProfile` by disallowing
+``disable()`` and ``clear()`` in external timers.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-08-17-41-11
+.. gh-issue: 82017
+.. nonce: WpSTGi
+.. section: Library
+
+Added support for converting any objects that have the
+:meth:`!as_integer_ratio` method to a :class:`~fractions.Fraction`.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-08-15-46-35
+.. gh-issue: 114053
+.. nonce: Ub2XgJ
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix edge-case bug where :func:`typing.get_type_hints` would produce
+incorrect results if type parameters in a class scope were overridden by
+assignments in a class scope and ``from __future__ import annotations``
+semantics were enabled. Patch by Alex Waygood.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-08-15-15-29
+.. gh-issue: 114053
+.. nonce: WQLAFG
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix erroneous :exc:`NameError` when calling :func:`inspect.get_annotations`
+with ``eval_str=True``` on a class that made use of :pep:`695` type
+parameters in a module that had ``from __future__ import annotations`` at
+the top of the file. Patch by Alex Waygood.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-08-14-36-40
+.. gh-issue: 120268
+.. nonce: MNpd1q
+.. section: Library
+
+Prohibit passing ``None`` to pure-Python :meth:`datetime.date.fromtimestamp`
+to achieve consistency with C-extension implementation.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-08-09-45-31
+.. gh-issue: 120244
+.. nonce: 8o9Dzr
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix memory leak in :func:`re.sub` when the replacement string contains
+backreferences.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-08-03-29-01
+.. gh-issue: 120254
+.. nonce: h682ke
+.. section: Library
+
+Added ``commands`` argument to :func:`pdb.set_trace` which allows users to
+send debugger commands from the source file.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-07-13-21-11
+.. gh-issue: 120211
+.. nonce: Rws_gf
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix :mod:`tkinter.ttk` with Tcl/Tk 9.0.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-07-11-23-31
+.. gh-issue: 71587
+.. nonce: IjFajE
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix crash in C version of :meth:`datetime.datetime.strptime` when called
+again on the restarted interpreter.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-07-10-10-32
+.. gh-issue: 117983
+.. nonce: NeMR9n
+.. section: Library
+
+Defer the ``threading`` import in ``importlib.util`` until lazy loading is
+used.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-07-02-00-31
+.. gh-issue: 120157
+.. nonce: HnWcF9
+.. section: Library
+
+Remove unused constant ``concurrent.futures._base._FUTURE_STATES`` in
+:mod:`concurrent.futures`. Patch by Clinton Christian (pygeek).
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-06-17-24-43
+.. gh-issue: 120161
+.. nonce: DahNXV
+.. section: Library
+
+:mod:`datetime` no longer crashes in certain complex reference cycle
+situations.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-06-12-07-57
+.. gh-issue: 119698
+.. nonce: rRrprk
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix :meth:`symtable.Class.get_methods` and document its behaviour. Patch by
+Bénédikt Tran.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-05-16-30-28
+.. gh-issue: 120121
+.. nonce: 9dz8i7
+.. section: Library
+
+Add :exc:`concurrent.futures.InvalidStateError` to module's ``__all__``.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-05-11-39-21
+.. gh-issue: 119933
+.. nonce: ooJXQV
+.. section: Library
+
+Add the :class:`symtable.SymbolTableType` enumeration to represent the
+possible outputs of the :class:`symtable.SymbolTable.get_type` method. Patch
+by Bénédikt Tran.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-05-11-03-10
+.. gh-issue: 120029
+.. nonce: QBsw47
+.. section: Library
+
+Expose :class:`symtable.Symbol` methods
+:meth:`~symtable.Symbol.is_free_class`,
+:meth:`~symtable.Symbol.is_comp_iter` and
+:meth:`~symtable.Symbol.is_comp_cell`. Patch by Bénédikt Tran.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-05-08-02-46
+.. gh-issue: 120108
+.. nonce: 4U9BL8
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix calling :func:`copy.deepcopy` on :mod:`ast` trees that have been
+modified to have references to parent nodes. Patch by Jelle Zijlstra.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-04-19-49-16
+.. gh-issue: 120056
+.. nonce: 5aqozw
+.. section: Library
+
+Add :data:`!socket.IP_RECVERR` and :data:`!socket.IP_RECVTTL` constants
+(both available since Linux 2.2). And :data:`!socket.IP_RECVORIGDSTADDR`
+constant (available since Linux 2.6.29).
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-04-19-03-25
+.. gh-issue: 112672
+.. nonce: K2XfZH
+.. section: Library
+
+Support building :mod:`tkinter` with Tcl 9.0.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-04-18-53-10
+.. gh-issue: 120057
+.. nonce: RSD9_Z
+.. section: Library
+
+Added the :data:`os.environ.refresh() <os.environ>` method to update
+:data:`os.environ` with changes to the environment made by
+:func:`os.putenv`, by :func:`os.unsetenv`, or made outside Python in the
+same process. Patch by Victor Stinner.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-04-14-54-46
+.. gh-issue: 120029
+.. nonce: _1YdTf
+.. section: Library
+
+Expose :meth:`symtable.Symbol.is_type_parameter` in the :mod:`symtable`
+module. Patch by Bénédikt Tran.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-04-12-23-01
+.. gh-issue: 119819
+.. nonce: WKKrYh
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix regression to allow logging configuration with multiprocessing queue
+types.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-04-08-57-02
+.. gh-issue: 65454
+.. nonce: o9j4wF
+.. section: Library
+
+:func:`unittest.mock.Mock.attach_mock` no longer triggers a call to a
+``PropertyMock`` being attached.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-03-11-18-16
+.. gh-issue: 117142
+.. nonce: kWTXQo
+.. section: Library
+
+The :mod:`ctypes` module may now be imported in all subinterpreters,
+including those that have their own GIL.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-02-15-09-17
+.. gh-issue: 118835
+.. nonce: KUAuz6
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix _pyrepl crash when using custom prompt with ANSI escape codes.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-02-13-35-11
+.. gh-issue: 81936
+.. nonce: ETeW9x
+.. section: Library
+
+:meth:`!help` and :meth:`!showtopic` methods now respect a configured
+*output* argument to :class:`!pydoc.Helper` and not use the pager in such
+cases. Patch by Enrico Tröger.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-01-16-58-43
+.. gh-issue: 117398
+.. nonce: kR0RW7
+.. section: Library
+
+The ``_datetime`` module (C implementation for :mod:`datetime`) now supports
+being imported in multiple interpreters.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-31-21-17-43
+.. gh-issue: 119824
+.. nonce: CQlxWV
+.. section: Library
+
+Print stack entry in :mod:`pdb` when and only when user input is needed.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-31-13-56-21
+.. gh-issue: 119838
+.. nonce: H6XHlE
+.. section: Library
+
+In mixed arithmetic operations with :class:`~fractions.Fraction` and
+complex, the fraction is now converted to :class:`float` instead of
+:class:`complex`.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-31-12-57-31
+.. gh-issue: 119770
+.. nonce: NCtels
+.. section: Library
+
+Make :mod:`termios` ``ioctl()`` constants positive. Patch by Victor Stinner.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-30-21-37-05
+.. gh-issue: 89727
+.. nonce: D6S9ig
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix issue with :func:`shutil.rmtree` where a :exc:`RecursionError` is raised
+on deep directory trees.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-29-21-50-05
+.. gh-issue: 119577
+.. nonce: S3BlKJ
+.. section: Library
+
+The :exc:`DeprecationWarning` emitted when testing the truth value of an
+:class:`xml.etree.ElementTree.Element` now describes unconditionally
+returning ``True`` in a future version rather than raising an exception in
+Python 3.14.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-29-20-42-17
+.. gh-issue: 89727
+.. nonce: 5lPTTW
+.. section: Library
+
+Partially fix issue with :func:`shutil.rmtree` where a :exc:`RecursionError`
+is raised on deep directory trees. A recursion error is no longer raised
+when :data:`!rmtree.avoids_symlink_attacks` is false.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-29-12-42-40
+.. gh-issue: 93963
+.. nonce: cb1oJS
+.. section: Library
+
+Remove deprecated names from ``importlib.abc`` as found in
+``importlib.resources.abc``.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-28-12-15-03
+.. gh-issue: 119118
+.. nonce: FMKz1F
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix performance regression in the :mod:`tokenize` module by caching the
+``line`` token attribute and calculating the column offset more efficiently.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-28-00-56-59
+.. gh-issue: 89727
+.. nonce: _bxoL3
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix issue with :func:`os.fwalk` where a :exc:`RecursionError` was raised on
+deep directory trees by adjusting the implementation to be iterative instead
+of recursive.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-26-22-22-51
+.. gh-issue: 119594
+.. nonce: fnQNM8
+.. section: Library
+
+If one calls pow(fractions.Fraction, x, module) with modulo not None, the
+error message now says that the types are incompatible rather than saying
+pow only takes 2 arguments. Patch by Wim Jeantine-Glenn and Mark Dickinson.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-26-21-28-11
+.. gh-issue: 119588
+.. nonce: wlLBK5
+.. section: Library
+
+``zipfile.Path.is_symlink`` now assesses if the given path is a symlink.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-25-20-20-42
+.. gh-issue: 119562
+.. nonce: DyplWc
+.. section: Library
+
+Remove :class:`!ast.Num`, :class:`!ast.Str`, :class:`!ast.Bytes`,
+:class:`!ast.NameConstant` and :class:`!ast.Ellipsis`. They had all emitted
+deprecation warnings since Python 3.12. Patch by Alex Waygood.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-25-20-15-26
+.. gh-issue: 119555
+.. nonce: mvHbEL
+.. section: Library
+
+Catch :exc:`SyntaxError` from :func:`compile` in the runsource() method of
+the InteractiveColoredConsole.  Patch by Sergey B Kirpichev.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-25-10-40-38
+.. gh-issue: 118908
+.. nonce: XcZiq4
+.. section: Library
+
+Limit exposed globals from internal imports and definitions on new REPL
+startup. Patch by Eugene Triguba and Pablo Galindo.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-25-07-25-07
+.. gh-issue: 117865
+.. nonce: 1A0Xpi
+.. section: Library
+
+Improve the import time of the :mod:`ast` module by deferring the import of
+:mod:`re`. Patch by Jelle Zijlstra.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-25-00-54-26
+.. gh-issue: 119127
+.. nonce: LpPvag
+.. section: Library
+
+Positional arguments of :func:`functools.partial` objects now support
+placeholders via :data:`functools.Placeholder`.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-24-21-54-55
+.. gh-issue: 113892
+.. nonce: JKDFqq
+.. section: Library
+
+Now, the method ``sock_connect`` of :class:`asyncio.ProactorEventLoop`
+raises a :exc:`ValueError` if given socket is not in non-blocking mode, as
+well as in other loop implementations.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-24-14-32-24
+.. gh-issue: 119506
+.. nonce: -nMNqq
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix :meth:`!io.TextIOWrapper.write` method breaks internal buffer when the
+method is called again during flushing internal buffer.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-24-11-47-08
+.. gh-issue: 69214
+.. nonce: Grl6zF
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix ``fcntl.ioctl()`` *request* parameter: use an ``unsigned long`` instead
+of an ``unsigned int`` for the *request* parameter of :func:`fcntl.ioctl` to
+support requests larger than ``UINT_MAX``. Patch by Victor Stinner.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-24-04-05-37
+.. gh-issue: 119105
+.. nonce: aDSRFn
+.. section: Library
+
+``difflib``'s ``DIffer.compare()`` (and so also ``ndiff``) can no longer be
+provoked into cubic-time behavior, or into unbounded recursion, and should
+generally be faster in ordinary cases too. Results may change in some cases,
+although that should be rare. Correctness of diffs is not affected. Some
+similar lines far apart may be reported as deleting one and adding the
+other, where before they were displayed on adjacent output lines with markup
+showing the intraline differences.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-23-22-29-59
+.. gh-issue: 119443
+.. nonce: KAGz6S
+.. section: Library
+
+The interactive REPL no longer runs with ``from __future__ import
+annotations`` enabled. Patch by Jelle Zijlstra.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-23-15-48-17
+.. gh-issue: 119461
+.. nonce: 82KqUW
+.. section: Library
+
+Add ``socket.VMADDR_CID_LOCAL`` constant. Patch by Victor Stinner.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-23-11-52-36
+.. gh-issue: 117398
+.. nonce: 2FG1Mk
+.. section: Library
+
+Objects in the datetime C-API are now all statically allocated, which means
+better memory safety, especially when the module is reloaded. This should be
+transparent to users.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-22-21-20-43
+.. gh-issue: 118894
+.. nonce: xHdxR_
+.. section: Library
+
+:mod:`asyncio` REPL now has the same capabilities as PyREPL.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-21-23-39-22
+.. gh-issue: 118830
+.. nonce: YTqvEo
+.. section: Library
+
+Bump :mod:`pickle` default protocol to ``5``.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-21-20-13-23
+.. gh-issue: 118911
+.. nonce: iG8nMq
+.. section: Library
+
+In PyREPL, updated ``maybe-accept``'s logic so that if the user hits
+:kbd:`Enter` twice, they are able to terminate the block even if there's
+trailing whitespace. Also, now when the user hits arrow up, the cursor is on
+the last functional line. This matches IPython's behavior. Patch by Aya
+Elsayed.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-21-19-10-30
+.. gh-issue: 115225
+.. nonce: eRmfJH
+.. section: Library
+
+Raise error on certain technically valid but pathological ISO 8601 strings
+passed to :meth:`datetime.time.fromisoformat` that were previously parsed
+incorrectly.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-20-20-30-57
+.. gh-issue: 111201
+.. nonce: DAA5lC
+.. section: Library
+
+Remove dependency to :mod:`readline` from the new Python REPL.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-20-13-48-37
+.. gh-issue: 119189
+.. nonce: dhJVs5
+.. section: Library
+
+When using the ``**`` operator or :func:`pow` with
+:class:`~fractions.Fraction` as the base and an exponent that is not
+rational, a float, or a complex, the fraction is no longer converted to a
+float.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-19-18-49-04
+.. gh-issue: 119174
+.. nonce: 5GTv7d
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix high DPI causes turtledemo(turtle-graphics examples) windows blurry
+Patch by Wulian233 and Terry Jan Reedy
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-19-13-05-59
+.. gh-issue: 119121
+.. nonce: P1gnh1
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix a NameError happening in ``asyncio.staggered.staggered_race``. This
+function is now tested.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-19-12-25-36
+.. gh-issue: 119105
+.. nonce: VcR4ig
+.. section: Library
+
+``difflib.Differ`` is much faster for some cases of diffs where many pairs
+of lines are equally similar.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-17-17-32-12
+.. gh-issue: 119113
+.. nonce: kEv1Ll
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix issue where :meth:`pathlib.PurePath.with_suffix` didn't raise
+:exc:`TypeError` when given ``None`` as a suffix.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-16-17-31-46
+.. gh-issue: 118643
+.. nonce: hAWH4C
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix an AttributeError in the :mod:`email` module when re-fold a long address
+list. Also fix more cases of incorrect encoding of the address separator in
+the address list.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-15-01-36-08
+.. gh-issue: 73991
+.. nonce: CGknDf
+.. section: Library
+
+Add :meth:`pathlib.Path.copy`, which copies a file or directory to another.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-12-21-38-42
+.. gh-issue: 58933
+.. nonce: 0kgU2l
+.. section: Library
+
+Make :mod:`pdb` return to caller frame correctly when ``f_trace`` of the
+caller frame is not set
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-11-20-23-45
+.. gh-issue: 82805
+.. nonce: F9bz4J
+.. section: Library
+
+Support single-dot file extensions in :attr:`pathlib.PurePath.suffix` and
+related attributes and methods. For example, the
+:attr:`~pathlib.PurePath.suffixes` of ``PurePath('foo.bar.')`` are now
+``['.bar', '.']`` rather than ``[]``. This brings file extension splitting
+in line with :func:`os.path.splitext`.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-10-22-59-01
+.. gh-issue: 118924
+.. nonce: 9nyvSH
+.. section: Library
+
+Remove :data:`!version` and :data:`!version_info` from :mod:`sqlite3`. Patch
+by Hugo van Kemenade.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-10-22-36-01
+.. gh-issue: 118928
+.. nonce: IW7Ukv
+.. section: Library
+
+Disallow using a sequence of parameters with named placeholders in
+:mod:`sqlite3` queries. Patch by Erlend E. Aasland.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-10-05-24-32
+.. gh-issue: 118895
+.. nonce: wUm5r2
+.. section: Library
+
+Setting attributes on :data:`typing.NoDefault` now raises
+:exc:`AttributeError` instead of :exc:`TypeError`.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-09-21-36-11
+.. gh-issue: 118868
+.. nonce: uckxxP
+.. section: Library
+
+Fixed issue where kwargs were no longer passed to the logging handler
+QueueHandler
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-09-12-33-25
+.. gh-issue: 118827
+.. nonce: JrzHz1
+.. section: Library
+
+Remove deprecated :class:`!Quoter` class from :mod:`urllib.parse`. It had
+previously raised a :exc:`DeprecationWarning` since Python 3.11. Patch by
+Nikita Sobolev.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-09-11-50-26
+.. gh-issue: 118824
+.. nonce: -jBJQC
+.. section: Library
+
+Remove deprecated :func:`!pty.master_open` and :func:`!pty.slave_open`. Use
+:func:`pty.openpty` instead. Patch by Nikita Sobolev.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-09-08-46-12
+.. gh-issue: 118851
+.. nonce: aPAoJw
+.. section: Library
+
+``ctx`` arguments to the constructors of :mod:`ast` node classes now default
+to :class:`ast.Load() <ast.Load>`. Patch by Jelle Zijlstra.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-09-02-43-37
+.. gh-issue: 101588
+.. nonce: 30bNAr
+.. section: Library
+
+Remove copy, deepcopy, and pickle from itertools. These had previously
+raised a DeprecationWarning since Python 3.12.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-09-01-05-52
+.. gh-issue: 118805
+.. nonce: N7dm07
+.. section: Library
+
+Remove *type*, *choices*, and *metavar* parameters of
+:class:`!argparse.BooleanOptionalAction`. They were deprecated since Python
+3.12.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-09-00-52-30
+.. gh-issue: 118803
+.. nonce: Wv3AvU
+.. section: Library
+
+:class:`!typing.ByteString` and :class:`!collections.abc.ByteString` are
+removed. They had previously raised a :exc:`DeprecationWarning` since Python
+3.12.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-08-23-16-50
+.. gh-issue: 118798
+.. nonce: Q_ybqP
+.. section: Library
+
+The *isdst* parameter has been removed from :func:`email.utils.localtime`.
+Patch by Hugo van Kemenade.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-08-21-30-33
+.. gh-issue: 118760
+.. nonce: XvyMHn
+.. section: Library
+
+Restore the default value of ``tkiter.wantobjects`` to ``1``.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-08-21-13-56
+.. gh-issue: 118760
+.. nonce: mdmH3T
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix errors in calling Tkinter bindings on Windows.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-08-20-41-48
+.. gh-issue: 74033
+.. nonce: YebHZj
+.. section: Library
+
+Drop support for passing keyword arguments to :class:`pathlib.Path`.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-08-19-47-34
+.. gh-issue: 101357
+.. nonce: e4R_9x
+.. section: Library
+
+Suppress all :exc:`OSError` exceptions from :meth:`pathlib.Path.exists` and
+``is_*()`` methods, rather than a selection of more common errors. The new
+behaviour is consistent with :func:`os.path.exists`, :func:`os.path.isdir`,
+etc. Use :meth:`pathlib.Path.stat` to retrieve the file status without
+suppressing exceptions.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-08-18-59-19
+.. gh-issue: 78707
+.. nonce: _Lz1sw
+.. section: Library
+
+Drop support for passing additional positional arguments to
+:meth:`pathlib.PurePath.relative_to` and
+:meth:`~pathlib.PurePath.is_relative_to`.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-08-18-33-07
+.. gh-issue: 118507
+.. nonce: OCQsAY
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix :func:`os.path.isfile` on Windows for pipes. Speedup
+:func:`os.path.isjunction` and :func:`os.path.lexists` on Windows with a
+native implementation.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-08-09-21-49
+.. gh-issue: 118772
+.. nonce: c16E8X
+.. section: Library
+
+Allow :class:`typing.TypeVar` instances without a default to follow
+instances without a default in some cases. Patch by Jelle Zijlstra.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-07-17-38-53
+.. gh-issue: 118714
+.. nonce: XXKpVZ
+.. section: Library
+
+Allow ``restart`` in post-mortem debugging of :mod:`pdb`. Removed restart
+message when the user quits pdb from post-mortem mode.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-06-17-39-52
+.. gh-issue: 118673
+.. nonce: sTXBit
+.. section: Library
+
+Removed executable bits and shebang from stdlib modules.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-01-22-24-05
+.. gh-issue: 110863
+.. nonce: GjYBbq
+.. section: Library
+
+:func:`os.path.realpath` now suppresses any :exc:`OSError` from
+:func:`os.readlink` when *strict* mode is disabled (the default).
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-04-28-19-51-00
+.. gh-issue: 118263
+.. nonce: Gaap3S
+.. section: Library
+
+Speed up :func:`os.path.splitroot` & :func:`os.path.normpath` with a direct
+C call.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-04-24-16-23-04
+.. gh-issue: 110190
+.. nonce: TGd5qx
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix ctypes structs with array on SPARC by setting ``MAX_STRUCT_SIZE`` to 32
+in stgdict. Patch by Jakub Kulik
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-04-19-14-59-53
+.. gh-issue: 118033
+.. nonce: amS4Gw
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix :func:`dataclasses.dataclass` not creating a ``__weakref__`` slot when
+subclassing :class:`typing.Generic`.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-04-19-05-58-50
+.. gh-issue: 117766
+.. nonce: J3xepp
+.. section: Library
+
+Always use :func:`str` to print ``choices`` in :mod:`argparse`.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-03-19-21-41-31
+.. gh-issue: 106531
+.. nonce: Mgd--6
+.. section: Library
+
+In :mod:`importlib.resources`, sync with `importlib_resources 6.3.2
+<https://importlib-resources.readthedocs.io/en/latest/history.html#v6-3-2>`_,
+including: ``MultiplexedPath`` now expects ``Traversable`` paths,
+deprecating string arguments to ``MultiplexedPath``; Enabled support for
+resources in namespace packages in zip files; Fixed ``NotADirectoryError``
+when calling files on a subdirectory of a namespace package.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-02-27-10-22-15
+.. gh-issue: 115937
+.. nonce: 0cVNur
+.. section: Library
+
+Removed extra preprocessing for the ``__signature__`` attribute: the code
+just check if it's a :class:`inspect.Signature` instance.  Patch by Sergey B
+Kirpichev.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-02-22-10-12-59
+.. gh-issue: 115808
+.. nonce: F2g2Ku
+.. section: Library
+
+Add :func:`operator.is_none` and :func:`operator.is_not_none` functions.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-01-18-21-44-23
+.. gh-issue: 114264
+.. nonce: DBKn29
+.. section: Library
+
+Improve performance of :func:`copy.deepcopy` by adding a fast path for
+atomic types.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-01-14-11-43-31
+.. gh-issue: 113878
+.. nonce: dmEIN3
+.. section: Library
+
+Add *doc* parameter to :func:`dataclasses.field`, so it can be stored and
+shown as a documentation / metadata. If ``@dataclass(slots=True)`` is used,
+then the supplied string is availabl in the :attr:`~object.__slots__` dict.
+Otherwise, the supplied string is only available in the corresponding
+:class:`dataclasses.Field` object.
+
+In order to support this feature we are changing the ``__slots__`` format in
+dataclasses from :class:`tuple` to :class:`dict` when documentation /
+metadata is present.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-01-12-08-51-03
+.. gh-issue: 113978
+.. nonce: MqTgB0
+.. section: Library
+
+Ignore warnings on text completion inside REPL.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2023-12-14-13-43-27
+.. gh-issue: 113008
+.. nonce: jWYn8T
+.. section: Library
+
+Correct argparse usage output for required, mutually exclusive groups
+containing a positional argument
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2023-12-12-15-19-58
+.. gh-issue: 108172
+.. nonce: KyDPuG
+.. section: Library
+
+``webbrowser`` honors OS preferred browser on Linux when its desktop entry
+name contains the text of a known browser name.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2023-09-19-17-56-24
+.. gh-issue: 109109
+.. nonce: WJvvX2
+.. section: Library
+
+You can now get the raw TLS certificate chains from TLS connections via
+:meth:`ssl.SSLSocket.get_verified_chain` and
+:meth:`ssl.SSLSocket.get_unverified_chain` methods.
+
+Contributed by Mateusz Nowak.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2023-06-17-09-07-06
+.. gh-issue: 105623
+.. nonce: 5G06od
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix performance degradation in
+:class:`logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler`. Patch by Craig Robson.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2023-06-16-14-52-00
+.. gh-issue: 102450
+.. nonce: MfeR6A
+.. section: Library
+
+Add missing ISO-8601 24:00 alternative to midnight of next day to
+:meth:`datetime.datetime.fromisoformat` and
+:meth:`datetime.time.fromisoformat`. Patch by Izan "TizzySaurus" Robinson
+(tizzysaurus@gmail.com)
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2023-04-28-09-54-15
+.. gh-issue: 103956
+.. nonce: EyLDPS
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix lack of newline characters in :mod:`trace` module output when line
+tracing is enabled but source code line for current frame is not available.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2023-04-26-22-24-17
+.. gh-issue: 92081
+.. nonce: V8xMot
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix missing spaces in email headers when the spaces are mixed with encoded
+8-bit characters.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2023-04-24-05-34-23
+.. gh-issue: 103194
+.. nonce: GwBwWL
+.. section: Library
+
+Prepare Tkinter for C API changes in Tcl 8.7/9.0 to avoid
+:class:`!_tkinter.Tcl_Obj` being unexpectedly returned instead of
+:class:`bool`, :class:`str`, :class:`bytearray`, or :class:`int`.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2023-04-10-00-04-37
+.. gh-issue: 87106
+.. nonce: UyBnPQ
+.. section: Library
+
+Fixed handling in :meth:`inspect.Signature.bind` of keyword arguments having
+the same name as positional-only arguments when a variadic keyword argument
+(e.g. ``**kwargs``) is present.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2023-03-30-18-19-53
+.. gh-issue: 103134
+.. nonce: bHrn91
+.. section: Library
+
+Add additional methods to :ref:`proxy objects
+<multiprocessing-proxy_objects>` in the :mod:`!multiprocessing` module:
+
+* :meth:`!clear` and :meth:`!copy` for proxies of :class:`list`
+* :meth:`~dict.fromkeys`, ``reversed(d)``, ``d | {}``, ``{} | d``,
+  ``d |= {'b': 2}`` for proxies of :class:`dict`
+
+..
+
+.. bpo: 45767
+.. date: 2022-03-10-16-47-57
+.. nonce: ywmyo1
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix integer conversion in :func:`os.major`, :func:`os.minor`, and
+:func:`os.makedev`. Support device numbers larger than ``2**63-1``. Support
+non-existent device number (``NODEV``).
+
+..
+
+.. bpo: 44864
+.. date: 2021-08-24-19-37-46
+.. nonce: KzxaDh
+.. section: Library
+
+Do not translate user-provided strings in :class:`argparse.ArgumentParser`.
+
+..
+
+.. bpo: 41843
+.. date: 2020-12-22-18-08-12
+.. nonce: q9Nh2r
+.. section: Library
+
+Solaris now uses :func:`os.sendfile` fast-copy syscall for more efficient
+:mod:`shutil` file copy related functions.
+
+..
+
+.. bpo: 15987
+.. date: 2020-03-28-21-00-54
+.. nonce: aBL8XS
+.. section: Library
+
+Implemented :func:`ast.compare` for comparing two ASTs. Patch by Batuhan
+Taskaya with some help from Jeremy Hylton.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2019-08-27-01-16-50
+.. gh-issue: 67693
+.. nonce: 4NIAiy
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix :func:`urllib.parse.urlunparse` and :func:`urllib.parse.urlunsplit` for
+URIs with path starting with multiple slashes and no authority. Based on
+patch by Ashwin Ramaswami.
+
+..
+
+.. bpo: 14074
+.. date: 2018-12-04-07-36-27
+.. nonce: fMLKCu
+.. section: Library
+
+Fix :mod:`argparse` metavar processing to allow positional arguments to have
+a tuple metavar.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-10-04-15-34-34
+.. gh-issue: 122392
+.. nonce: V8K3w2
+.. section: IDLE
+
+Increase currently inadequate vertical spacing for the IDLE browsers (path,
+module, and stack) on high-resolution monitors.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-21-23-12-18
+.. gh-issue: 112938
+.. nonce: OeiDru
+.. section: IDLE
+
+Fix uninteruptable hang when Shell gets rapid continuous output.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-30-18-02-55
+.. gh-issue: 122482
+.. nonce: TerE0g
+.. section: IDLE
+
+Change About IDLE to direct users to discuss.python.org instead of the now
+unused idle-dev email and mailing list.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-16-16-57-03
+.. gh-issue: 78889
+.. nonce: U7ghFD
+.. section: IDLE
+
+Stop Shell freezes by blocking user access to non-method sys.stdout.shell
+attributes, which are all private.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-16-21-42-45
+.. gh-issue: 120083
+.. nonce: nczuyv
+.. section: IDLE
+
+Add explicit black IDLE Hovertip foreground color needed for recent macOS.
+Fixes Sonoma showing unreadable white on pale yellow.  Patch by John
+Riggles.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-05-14-54-24
+.. gh-issue: 120104
+.. nonce: j_thj4
+.. section: IDLE
+
+Fix padding in config and search dialog windows in IDLE.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-10-10-02-56-24
+.. gh-issue: 124872
+.. nonce: 0mDDOq
+.. section: Documentation
+
+Added definitions for :term:`context`, :term:`current context`, and
+:term:`context management protocol`, updated related definitions to be
+consistent, and expanded the documentation for :class:`contextvars.Context`.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-10-07-00-31-17
+.. gh-issue: 125018
+.. nonce: yKnymn
+.. section: Documentation
+
+The :mod:`importlib.metadata` documentation now includes semantic
+cross-reference targets for the significant documented APIs. This means
+intersphinx references like :func:`importlib.metadata.version` will now work
+as expected.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-27-16-47-48
+.. gh-issue: 124720
+.. nonce: nVSTVb
+.. section: Documentation
+
+Update "Using Python on a Mac" section of the "Python Setup and Usage"
+document and include information on installing free-threading support.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-24-11-52-36
+.. gh-issue: 124457
+.. nonce: yrCjSV
+.. section: Documentation
+
+Remove coverity scan from the CPython repo. It has not been used since 2020
+and is currently unmaintained.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-19-19-33-25
+.. gh-issue: 116622
+.. nonce: M65UZ6
+.. section: Documentation
+
+Add an Android platform guide, and flag modules not available on Android.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-11-16-52-08
+.. gh-issue: 123976
+.. nonce: jhOfNR
+.. section: Documentation
+
+Refresh docs around custom providers.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-01-17-18-21
+.. gh-issue: 70870
+.. nonce: fZnBM9
+.. section: Documentation
+
+Clarified the dual usage of the term "free variable" (both the formal
+meaning of any reference to names defined outside the local scope, and the
+narrower pragmatic meaning of nonlocal variables named in ``co_freevars``).
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-19-12-22-48
+.. gh-issue: 121277
+.. nonce: wF_zKd
+.. section: Documentation
+
+Writers of CPython's documentation can now use ``next`` as the version for
+the ``versionchanged``, ``versionadded``, ``deprecated`` directives.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-14-12-25-53
+.. gh-issue: 117765
+.. nonce: YFMOUv
+.. section: Documentation
+
+Improved documentation for :func:`unittest.mock.patch.dict`
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-14-11-48-10
+.. gh-issue: 121749
+.. nonce: nxHoTk
+.. section: Documentation
+
+Fix documentation for :c:func:`PyModule_AddObjectRef`.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-05-12-36-18
+.. gh-issue: 120012
+.. nonce: f14DbQ
+.. section: Documentation
+
+Clarify the behaviours of :meth:`multiprocessing.Queue.empty` and
+:meth:`multiprocessing.SimpleQueue.empty` on closed queues. Patch by
+Bénédikt Tran.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-03-22-06-26
+.. gh-issue: 119574
+.. nonce: Ik9kOO
+.. section: Documentation
+
+Added some missing environment variables to the output of
+:option:`--help-env`.
+
+..
+
+.. bpo: 34008
+.. date: 2018-07-04-20-35-25
+.. nonce: bqecIb
+.. section: Documentation
+
+The :c:func:`Py_Main` documentation moved from the "Very High Level API"
+section to the "Initialization and Finalization" section.
+
+Also make it explicit that we expect ``Py_Main`` to typically be called
+instead of ``Py_Initialize`` rather than after it (since ``Py_Main`` makes
+its own call to ``Py_Initialize``). Document that calling both is supported
+but is version dependent on which settings will be applied correctly.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-10-15-15-29-41
+.. gh-issue: 124375
+.. nonce: wNrWVa
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Fix a crash in the free threading build when the GC runs concurrently with a
+new thread starting.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-10-10-14-47-13
+.. gh-issue: 125221
+.. nonce: nfSQzT
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Fix possible race condition when calling :meth:`~object.__reduce_ex__` for
+the first time in the free threading build.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-10-10-12-04-56
+.. gh-issue: 125174
+.. nonce: _8h6T7
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Make the handling of reference counts of immortal objects more robust.
+Immortal objects with reference counts that deviate from their original
+reference count by up to a billion (half a billion on 32 bit builds) are
+still counted as immortal.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-10-07-23-33-18
+.. gh-issue: 125039
+.. nonce: MKTyNI
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Make ``this_instr`` and ``prev_instr`` const in cases generator.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-10-05-23-53-06
+.. gh-issue: 125008
+.. nonce: ETANpd
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Fix :func:`tokenize.untokenize` producing invalid syntax for double braces
+preceded by certain escape characters.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-10-03-22-26-39
+.. gh-issue: 124871
+.. nonce: tAMF47
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Fix compiler bug (in some versions of 3.13) where an assertion fails during
+reachability analysis.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-10-03-14-39-41
+.. gh-issue: 123378
+.. nonce: dCxANf
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Fix a crash in the :meth:`~object.__str__` method of :exc:`UnicodeError`
+objects when the :attr:`UnicodeError.start` and :attr:`UnicodeError.end`
+values are invalid or out-of-range. Patch by Bénédikt Tran.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-30-16-39-37
+.. gh-issue: 118093
+.. nonce: J2A3gz
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Improve the experimental JIT compiler's ability to stay "on trace" when
+encountering highly-biased branches.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-27-17-18-53
+.. gh-issue: 124642
+.. nonce: OCjhBJ
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Fixed scalability issue in free-threaded builds for lock-free reads from
+dictionaries in multi-threaded scenarios
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-26-18-21-06
+.. gh-issue: 116510
+.. nonce: FacUWO
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Fix a crash caused by immortal interned strings being shared between
+sub-interpreters that use basic single-phase init.  In that case, the string
+can be used by an interpreter that outlives the interpreter that created and
+interned it.  For interpreters that share obmalloc state, also share the
+interned dict with the main interpreter.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-26-17-55-34
+.. gh-issue: 116510
+.. nonce: dhn8w8
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Fix a bug that can cause a crash when sub-interpreters use "basic"
+single-phase extension modules.  Shared objects could refer to PyGC_Head
+nodes that had been freed as part of interpreter cleanup.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-26-13-25-01
+.. gh-issue: 119180
+.. nonce: k_JCX0
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+The ``__main__`` module no longer always contains an ``__annotations__``
+dictionary in its global namespace.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-26-12-19-13
+.. gh-issue: 124547
+.. nonce: P_SHfU
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+When deallocating an object with inline values whose ``__dict__`` is still
+live: if memory allocation for the inline values fails, clear the
+dictionary. Prevents an interpreter crash.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-25-14-45-56
+.. gh-issue: 124513
+.. nonce: ywiXtr
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Fix a crash in FrameLocalsProxy constructor: check the number of arguments.
+Patch by Victor Stinner.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-25-11-53-22
+.. gh-issue: 124442
+.. nonce: EXC1Ve
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Fix nondeterminism in compilation by sorting the value of
+:attr:`~type.__static_attributes__`. Patch by kp2pml30.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-23-23-06-19
+.. gh-issue: 124285
+.. nonce: mahGTg
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Fix bug where ``bool(a)`` can be invoked more than once during the
+evaluation of a compound boolean expression.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-23-15-23-14
+.. gh-issue: 123856
+.. nonce: yrgJ9m
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Fix PyREPL failure when a keyboard interrupt is triggered after using a
+history search
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-23-13-25-27
+.. gh-issue: 65961
+.. nonce: LDqXV2
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Deprecate the setting and using ``__package__`` and ``__cached__``.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-19-16-57-34
+.. gh-issue: 119726
+.. nonce: DseseK
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+The JIT now generates more efficient code for calls to C functions resulting
+in up to 0.8% memory savings and 1.5% speed improvement on AArch64. Patch by
+Diego Russo.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-19-13-17-31
+.. gh-issue: 122878
+.. nonce: 4iFpsB
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Use the ``pager`` binary, if available (e.g. on Debian and derivatives), to
+display REPL ``help()``.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-17-22-06-01
+.. gh-issue: 124188
+.. nonce: aFqNAB
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Fix reading and decoding a line from the source file witn non-UTF-8 encoding
+for syntax errors raised in the compiler.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-13-02-25-06
+.. gh-issue: 124027
+.. nonce: to_9DY
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Support ``<page up>``, ``<page down>``, and ``<delete>`` keys in the Python
+REPL when ``$TERM`` is set to ``vt100``.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-12-21-53-26
+.. gh-issue: 124022
+.. nonce: fQzUiW
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Fix bug where docstring is removed from classes in interactive mode.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-11-15-48-36
+.. gh-issue: 123958
+.. nonce: 5VW2r0
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+docstrings are now removed from the optimized AST in optimization level 2.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-10-20-25-00
+.. gh-issue: 123923
+.. nonce: A7uxqa
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+The ``f_executable`` field in the internal :c:struct:`_PyInterpreterFrame`
+struct now uses a tagged pointer.  Profilers and debuggers that uses this
+field should clear the least significant bit to recover the
+:c:expr:`PyObject*` pointer.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-10-13-27-16
+.. gh-issue: 77894
+.. nonce: ZC-Olu
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Fix possible crash in the garbage collector when it tries to break a
+reference loop containing a :class:`memoryview` object. Now a
+:class:`!memoryview` object can only be cleared if there are no buffers that
+refer it.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-06-19-23-44
+.. gh-issue: 120221
+.. nonce: giJEDT
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+asyncio REPL is now again properly recognizing KeyboardInterrupts. Display
+of exceptions raised in secondary threads is fixed.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-06-14-13-01
+.. gh-issue: 119310
+.. nonce: WQxyDF
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Allow the new interactive shell to read history files written with the
+editline library that use unicode-escaped entries.  Patch by aorcajo and
+Łukasz Langa.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-03-13-34-35
+.. gh-issue: 123572
+.. nonce: uuqoYV
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Fix key mappings for various F-keys in Windows for the new REPL. Patch by
+devdanzin
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-02-20-39-10
+.. gh-issue: 123614
+.. nonce: 26TMHp
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Add :func:`turtle.save` to easily save Turtle drawings as PostScript files.
+Patch by Marie Roald and Yngve Mardal Moe.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-02-20-36-45
+.. gh-issue: 123339
+.. nonce: QcmpSs
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Setting the :attr:`!__module__` attribute for a class now removes the
+``__firstlineno__`` item from the type's dict, so they will no longer be
+inconsistent.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-02-17-32-15
+.. gh-issue: 119034
+.. nonce: HYh5Vj
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Change ``<page up>`` and ``<page down>`` keys of the Python REPL to history
+search forward/backward. Patch by Victor Stinner.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-01-12-08-39
+.. gh-issue: 123562
+.. nonce: aJPKVu
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Improve :exc:`SyntaxError` message for using ``case ... as ...`` with not a
+name.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-01-00-02-05
+.. gh-issue: 123545
+.. nonce: 8nQNbL
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Fix a double decref in rare cases on experimental JIT builds.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-29-19-46-07
+.. gh-issue: 123484
+.. nonce: rjUn_F
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Fix ``_Py_DebugOffsets`` for long objects to be relative to the start of the
+object rather than the start of a subobject.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-29-13-18-18
+.. gh-issue: 123446
+.. nonce: KWDrgq
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Fix empty function name in :exc:`TypeError` when builtin magic methods are
+used without the required args.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-28-22-42-51
+.. gh-issue: 123440
+.. nonce: yOFB0N
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Improve :exc:`SyntaxError` message for using ``except as`` with not a name.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-27-21-44-14
+.. gh-issue: 116017
+.. nonce: ZY3yBY
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Improved JIT memory consumption by periodically freeing memory used by
+infrequently-executed code. This change is especially likely to improve the
+memory footprint of long-running programs.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-27-13-16-40
+.. gh-issue: 123344
+.. nonce: 56Or78
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Add AST optimizations for type parameter defaults.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-26-00-58-26
+.. gh-issue: 123321
+.. nonce: ApxcnE
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Prevent Parser/myreadline race condition from segfaulting on multi-threaded
+use. Patch by Bar Harel and Amit Wienner.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-25-18-27-49
+.. gh-issue: 123177
+.. nonce: yLuyqE
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Fix a bug causing stray prompts to appear in the middle of wrapped lines in
+the new REPL.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-25-10-54-22
+.. gh-issue: 122982
+.. nonce: KLD91q
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Extend the deprecation period for bool inversion (``~``) by two years.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-23-21-20-34
+.. gh-issue: 123271
+.. nonce: xeVViR
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Make concurrent iterations over the same :func:`zip` iterator safe under
+free-threading.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-23-18-31-10
+.. gh-issue: 123275
+.. nonce: DprIrj
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Support :option:`-X gil=1 <-X>` and :envvar:`PYTHON_GIL=1 <PYTHON_GIL>` on
+non-free-threaded builds.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-23-15-59-54
+.. gh-issue: 123177
+.. nonce: OLcaC5
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Deactivate line wrap in the Apple Terminal via a ANSI escape code. Patch by
+Pablo Galindo
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-23-13-08-27
+.. gh-issue: 123229
+.. nonce: aHm-dw
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Fix valgrind warning by initializing the f-string buffers to 0 in the
+tokenizer. Patch by Pablo Galindo
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-23-11-26-54
+.. gh-issue: 122298
+.. nonce: ZMyln4
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Restore printout of GC stats when ``gc.set_debug(gc.DEBUG_STATS)`` is
+called. This feature was accidentally removed when implementing incremental
+GC.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-21-15-22-53
+.. gh-issue: 121804
+.. nonce: r5K3PS
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Correctly show error locations when a :exc:`SyntaxError` is raised in the
+basic REPL. Patch by Sergey B Kirpichev.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-21-08-53-00
+.. gh-issue: 115776
+.. nonce: 9A7Dv_
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Enables inline values (Python's equivalent of hidden classes) on any class
+who's instances are of a fixed size.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-20-12-29-52
+.. gh-issue: 123142
+.. nonce: 3PXiNb
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Fix too-wide source location in exception tracebacks coming from broken
+iterables in comprehensions.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-20-11-09-16
+.. gh-issue: 123048
+.. nonce: 2TISpv
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Fix a bug where pattern matching code could emit a :opcode:`JUMP_FORWARD`
+with no source location.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-19-15-13-13
+.. gh-issue: 118093
+.. nonce: dLZ8qS
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Break up ``CALL_ALLOC_AND_ENTER_INIT`` into micro-ops and relax requirement
+for exact args, in order to increase the amount of code supported by tier 2.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-18-18-25-54
+.. gh-issue: 123123
+.. nonce: 0ZcaEB
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Fix displaying :exc:`SyntaxError` exceptions covering multiple lines. Patch
+by Pablo Galindo
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-17-17-26-25
+.. gh-issue: 123083
+.. nonce: 9xWLJ-
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Fix a potential use-after-free in ``STORE_ATTR_WITH_HINT``.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-15-19-28-43
+.. gh-issue: 123022
+.. nonce: m3EF9E
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Fix crash in free-threaded build when calling :c:func:`Py_Initialize` from a
+non-main thread.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-14-11-38-56
+.. gh-issue: 118093
+.. nonce: 3BywDP
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Add three specializations for :opcode:`CALL_KW`:
+
+* :opcode:`!CALL_KW_PY` for calls to Python functions
+* :opcode:`!CALL_KW_BOUND_METHOD` for calls to bound methods
+* :opcode:`!CALL_KW_NON_PY` for all other calls
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-12-11-45-47
+.. gh-issue: 122821
+.. nonce: WnAzTK
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Make sure that branches in :keyword:`while` statements have consistent
+offsets for :mod:`sys.monitoring`. :keyword:`!while` statements are now
+compiled with a simple jump at the end of the body, instead of duplicating
+the test.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-12-11-19-37
+.. gh-issue: 122907
+.. nonce: q68096
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Building with ``HAVE_DYNAMIC_LOADING`` now works as well as it did in 3.12.
+Existing deficiences will be addressed separately. (See
+https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/122950.)
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-10-12-44-03
+.. gh-issue: 122888
+.. nonce: TUyu9r
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Fix crash on certain calls to ``str()`` with positional arguments of the
+wrong type. Patch by Jelle Zijlstra.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-08-16-02-28
+.. gh-issue: 118093
+.. nonce: m6Mrvy
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Improve the experimental JIT's handling of polymorphic code.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-05-19-28-12
+.. gh-issue: 122697
+.. nonce: 17MvYl
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Fixed memory leaks at interpreter shutdown in the free-threaded build, and
+also reporting of leaked memory blocks via :option:`-X showrefcount <-X>`.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-05-19-04-06
+.. gh-issue: 116622
+.. nonce: 3LWUzE
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Fix Android stdout and stderr messages being truncated or lost.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-01-19-13-58
+.. gh-issue: 122527
+.. nonce: eztso6
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Fix a crash that occurred when a ``PyStructSequence`` was deallocated after
+its type's dictionary was cleared by the GC.  The type's
+:c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_basicsize` now accounts for non-sequence fields
+that aren't included in the :c:macro:`Py_SIZE` of the sequence.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-30-11-41-35
+.. gh-issue: 122445
+.. nonce: Rq0bjS
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Add only fields which are modified via self.* to
+:attr:`~type.__static_attributes__`.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-29-19-20-25
+.. gh-issue: 122417
+.. nonce: NVgs0a
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+In the free-threaded build, the reference counts for heap type objects are
+now partially stored in a distributed manner in per-thread arrays.  This
+reduces contention on the heap type's reference count fields when creating
+or destroying instances of the same type from multiple threads concurrently.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-29-10-55-46
+.. gh-issue: 116090
+.. nonce: p1MhU0
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Fix an issue in JIT builds that prevented some :keyword:`for` loops from
+correctly firing :monitoring-event:`RAISE` monitoring events.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-26-14-05-51
+.. gh-issue: 122300
+.. nonce: SVIF-l
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Preserve AST nodes for f-string with single-element format specifiers. Patch
+by Pablo Galindo
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-26-13-56-32
+.. gh-issue: 120906
+.. nonce: qBh2I9
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+:attr:`frame.f_locals` now supports arbitrary hashable objects as keys.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-25-01-45-21
+.. gh-issue: 122239
+.. nonce: 7zh-sW
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+When a :class:`list`, :class:`tuple` or :class:`dict` with too many elements
+is unpacked, show the actual length in the error message.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-24-22-39-07
+.. gh-issue: 122245
+.. nonce: LVa9v8
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Detection of writes to ``__debug__`` is moved from the compiler's codegen
+stage to the symtable. This means that these errors are now detected even in
+code that is optimized away before codegen (such as assertions with the
+:option:`-O` command line option).
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-24-17-11-51
+.. gh-issue: 122234
+.. nonce: VxsP_F
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Specializations for sums with float and complex inputs in :func:`sum` now
+always use compensated summation.  Also, for integer items in above
+specializations: :c:func:`PyLong_AsDouble` is used, instead of
+:c:func:`PyLong_AsLongAndOverflow`.  Patch by Sergey B Kirpichev.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-23-23-59-04
+.. gh-issue: 122208
+.. nonce: z8KHsY
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Dictionary watchers now only deliver the PyDict_EVENT_ADDED event when the
+insertion is in a known good state to succeed.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-23-11-57-36
+.. gh-issue: 122160
+.. nonce: HSnrAP
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Remove the ``BUILD_CONST_KEY_MAP`` opcode. Use :opcode:`BUILD_MAP` instead.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-21-01-23-54
+.. gh-issue: 122029
+.. nonce: gKv-e2
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Emit ``c_call`` events in :func:`sys.setprofile` when a ``PyMethodObject``
+pointing to a ``PyCFunction`` is called.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-19-15-28-05
+.. gh-issue: 122026
+.. nonce: sta2Ca
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Fix a bug that caused the tokenizer to not correctly identify mismatched
+parentheses inside f-strings in some situations. Patch by Pablo Galindo
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-19-09-38-01
+.. gh-issue: 99108
+.. nonce: qzM6gl
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Python's hashlib now unconditionally uses the vendored HACL* library for
+Blake2. Python no longer accepts libb2 as an optional dependency for Blake2.
+
+We refreshed HACL* to the latest version, and now vendor HACL*'s 128-bit and
+256-bit wide vector implementations for Blake2, which are used on x86/x64
+toolchains when the required CPU features are available at runtime.
+
+HACL*'s 128-bit wide vector implementation of Blake2 can also run on ARM
+NEON and Power8, but lacking evidence of a performance gain, these are not
+enabled (yet).
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-18-21-19-04
+.. gh-issue: 121999
+.. nonce: 8IBbTK
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+The default extraction filter for the :mod:`tarfile` module is now set to
+:func:`'data' <tarfile.data_filter>`.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-16-18-23-22
+.. gh-issue: 121860
+.. nonce: -FTauD
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Fix crash when rematerializing a managed dictionary after it was deleted.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-16-15-11-51
+.. gh-issue: 121795
+.. nonce: xkIHrI
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Improve performance of set membership testing, ``set.remove()`` and
+``set.discard()`` when the argument is a set.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-15-20-41-06
+.. gh-issue: 121814
+.. nonce: oR2ixR
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Fixed the SegFault when :c:func:`PyEval_SetTrace` is used with no Python
+frame on stack.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-15-20-03-29
+.. gh-issue: 121295
+.. nonce: w53ucI
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Fix PyREPL console getting into a blocked state after interrupting a long
+paste
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-15-16-26-32
+.. gh-issue: 121794
+.. nonce: fhBtiQ
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Fix bug in free-threaded Python where a resurrected object could lead to a
+negative ref count assertion failure.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-13-12-27-31
+.. gh-issue: 121657
+.. nonce: wgOYLw
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Improve the :exc:`SyntaxError` message if the user tries to use
+:keyword:`yield from <yield>` outside a function.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-13-09-51-44
+.. gh-issue: 121609
+.. nonce: jWsE5t
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Fix pasting of characters containing unicode character joiners in the new
+REPL. Patch by Marta Gomez Macias
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-12-18-18-44
+.. gh-issue: 121297
+.. nonce: 67VE7b
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Previously, incorrect usage of :keyword:`await` or asynchronous
+comprehensions in code removed by the :option:`-O` option was not flagged by
+the Python compiler. Now, such code raises :exc:`SyntaxError`. Patch by
+Jelle Zijlstra.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-10-15-43-54
+.. gh-issue: 117482
+.. nonce: 5WYaXR
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Unexpected slot wrappers are no longer created for builtin static types in
+subinterpreters.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-10-02-02-32
+.. gh-issue: 121562
+.. nonce: 8beIMi
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Optimized performance of hex_from_char by replacing switch-case with a
+lookup table
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-09-13-53-18
+.. gh-issue: 121499
+.. nonce: rpp7il
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Fix a bug affecting how multi-line history was being rendered in the new
+REPL after interacting with the new screen cache. Patch by Pablo Galindo
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-08-17-15-14
+.. gh-issue: 121497
+.. nonce: I8hMDC
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Fix a bug that was preventing the REPL to correctly respect the history when
+an input hook was set. Patch by Pablo Galindo
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-08-10-31-08
+.. gh-issue: 121012
+.. nonce: M5hHk-
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Tier 2 execution now ensures that list iterators remain exhausted, once they
+become exhausted.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-08-02-24-55
+.. gh-issue: 121439
+.. nonce: jDHod3
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Allow tuples of length 20 in the freelist to be reused.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-05-11-29-27
+.. gh-issue: 121288
+.. nonce: lYKYYP
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+:exc:`ValueError` messages for :meth:`!list.index`, :meth:`!range.index`,
+:meth:`!deque.index`, :meth:`!deque.remove` and :meth:`!ShareableList.index`
+no longer contain the repr of the searched value (which can be arbitrary
+large) and are consistent with error messages for other :meth:`!index` and
+:meth:`!remove` methods.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-04-23-38-30
+.. gh-issue: 121368
+.. nonce: m3EF9E
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Fix race condition in ``_PyType_Lookup`` in the free-threaded build due to a
+missing memory fence.  This could lead to ``_PyType_Lookup`` returning
+incorrect results on arm64.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-30-03-48-10
+.. gh-issue: 121149
+.. nonce: lLBMKe
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Added specialization for summation of complexes, this also improves accuracy
+of builtin :func:`sum` for such inputs.  Patch by Sergey B Kirpichev.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-29-10-46-14
+.. gh-issue: 121130
+.. nonce: Rj66Xs
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Fix f-strings with debug expressions in format specifiers. Patch by Pablo
+Galindo
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-28-23-17-22
+.. gh-issue: 121381
+.. nonce: i2xL7P
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Remove ``subprocess._USE_VFORK`` escape hatch code and documentation. It was
+added just in case, and doesn't have any known cases that require it.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-28-18-34-49
+.. gh-issue: 119726
+.. nonce: Fjv_Ab
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Optimize code layout for calls to C functions from the JIT on AArch64. Patch
+by Diego Russo.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-28-10-02-58
+.. gh-issue: 121115
+.. nonce: EeSLfc
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+:c:func:`PyLong_AsNativeBytes` no longer uses :meth:`~object.__index__`
+methods by default. The ``Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_ALLOW_INDEX`` flag has been added
+to allow it.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-26-14-09-31
+.. gh-issue: 120838
+.. nonce: nFeTL9
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+:c:func:`Py_Finalize()` and :c:func:`Py_FinalizeEx()` now always run with
+the main interpreter active.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-26-13-42-36
+.. gh-issue: 113433
+.. nonce: xKAtLB
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Subinterpreters now get cleaned up automatically during runtime
+finalization.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-25-16-26-44
+.. gh-issue: 119726
+.. nonce: WqvHxB
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Improve the speed and memory use of C function calls from JIT code on
+AArch64. Patch by Diego Russo
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-24-08-39-23
+.. gh-issue: 116017
+.. nonce: -Bw2UY
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Simplify the warmup mechanism used for "side exits" in JIT code, resulting
+in slightly better performance and slightly lower memory usage for most
+platforms.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-19-21-34-21
+.. gh-issue: 98442
+.. nonce: cqhjkN
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Fix too wide source locations of the cleanup instructions of a with
+statement.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-19-19-54-35
+.. gh-issue: 120754
+.. nonce: uF29sj
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Reduce the number of system calls invoked when reading a whole file (ex.
+``open('a.txt').read()``). For a sample program that reads the contents of
+the 400+ ``.rst`` files in the cpython repository ``Doc`` folder, there is
+an over 10% reduction in system call count.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-19-11-10-50
+.. gh-issue: 119462
+.. nonce: DpcqSe
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Make sure that invariants of type versioning are maintained: * Superclasses
+always have their version number assigned before subclasses * The version
+tag is always zero if the tag is not valid. * The version tag is always
+non-if the tag is valid.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-19-01-58-54
+.. gh-issue: 120437
+.. nonce: nCkIoI
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Fix ``_CHECK_STACK_SPACE`` optimization problems introduced in :gh:`118322`.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-18-22-41-05
+.. gh-issue: 120722
+.. nonce: rS7tkE
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Correctly set the bytecode position on return instructions within lambdas.
+Patch by Jelle Zijlstra.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-18-21-34-30
+.. gh-issue: 120367
+.. nonce: zDwffP
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Fix bug where compiler creates a redundant jump during pseudo-op
+replacement. Can only happen with a synthetic AST that has a try on the same
+line as the instruction following the exception handler.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-17-12-20-20
+.. gh-issue: 120507
+.. nonce: 94lz2J
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Remove the ``BEFORE_WITH`` and ``BEFORE_ASYNC_WITH`` instructions. Add the
+new :opcode:`LOAD_SPECIAL` instruction. Generate code for ``with`` and
+``async with`` statements using the new instruction.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-14-22-02-25
+.. gh-issue: 113993
+.. nonce: MiA0vX
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Strings interned with :func:`sys.intern` are again garbage-collected when no
+longer used, as per the documentation. Strings interned with the C function
+:c:func:`PyUnicode_InternInPlace` are still immortal. Internals of the
+string interning mechanism have been changed. This may affect performance
+and identities of :class:`str` objects.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-14-07-52-00
+.. gh-issue: 120485
+.. nonce: yy4K4b
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Add an override of ``allow_reuse_port`` on classes subclassing
+``socketserver.TCPServer`` where ``allow_reuse_address`` is also overridden.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-13-12-17-52
+.. gh-issue: 120384
+.. nonce: w1UBGl
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Fix an array out of bounds crash in ``list_ass_subscript``, which could be
+invoked via some specifically tailored input: including concurrent
+modification of a list object, where one thread assigns a slice and another
+clears it.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-12-18-50-29
+.. gh-issue: 120367
+.. nonce: LmXx2y
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Fix crash in compiler on code with redundant NOPs and JUMPs which show up
+after exception handlers are moved to the end of the code.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-12-18-23-15
+.. gh-issue: 120380
+.. nonce: edtqjq
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Fix Python implementation of :class:`pickle.Pickler` for :class:`bytes` and
+:class:`bytearray` objects when using protocol version 5. Patch by Bénédikt
+Tran.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-12-13-47-25
+.. gh-issue: 120397
+.. nonce: n-I_cc
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Improve the throughput by up to two times for the :meth:`str.count`,
+:meth:`bytes.count` and :meth:`bytearray.count` methods for counting single
+characters.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-11-17-56-12
+.. gh-issue: 120221
+.. nonce: si9hM9
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Deliver real signals on Ctrl-C and Ctrl-Z in the new REPL. Patch by Pablo
+Galindo
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-11-12-47-54
+.. gh-issue: 120346
+.. nonce: hhn_6X
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Respect :envvar:`PYTHON_BASIC_REPL` when running in interactive inspect mode
+(``python -i``). Patch by Pablo Galindo
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-10-22-30-26
+.. gh-issue: 93691
+.. nonce: 68WOTS
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Fix source locations of instructions generated for the iterator of a for
+statement.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-10-15-07-16
+.. gh-issue: 120198
+.. nonce: WW_pjO
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Fix a crash when multiple threads read and write to the same ``__class__``
+of an object concurrently.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-10-10-42-48
+.. gh-issue: 120298
+.. nonce: napREA
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Fix use-after free in ``list_richcompare_impl`` which can be invoked via
+some specifically tailored evil input.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-09-19-13-38
+.. gh-issue: 119666
+.. nonce: S0G4rZ
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Fix a compiler crash in the case where two comprehensions in class scope
+both reference ``__class__``.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-07-22-54-15
+.. gh-issue: 119726
+.. nonce: D9EE-o
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+JIT: Re-use trampolines on AArch64 when creating stencils. Patch by Diego
+Russo
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-07-16-09-04
+.. gh-issue: 120225
+.. nonce: kuYf9t
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Fix crash in compiler on empty block at end of exception handler.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-05-18-29-18
+.. gh-issue: 93691
+.. nonce: 6OautB
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Fix source locations of instructions generated for with statements.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-05-10-32-44
+.. gh-issue: 120097
+.. nonce: 9S2klk
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+``FrameLocalsProxy`` now subclasses ``collections.abc.Mapping`` and can be
+matched as a mapping in ``match`` statements
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-05-08-39-40
+.. gh-issue: 120080
+.. nonce: DJFK11
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Direct call to the :meth:`!int.__round__` now accepts ``None`` as a valid
+argument.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-03-13-48-44
+.. gh-issue: 119933
+.. nonce: Kc0HG5
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Improve :exc:`SyntaxError` messages for invalid expressions in a type
+parameters bound, a type parameter constraint tuple or a default type
+parameter. Patch by Bénédikt Tran.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-03-13-25-04
+.. gh-issue: 119724
+.. nonce: EH1dkA
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Reverted improvements to error messages for ``elif``/``else`` statements not
+matching any valid statements, which made in hard to locate the syntax
+errors inside those ``elif``/``else`` blocks.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-02-06-12-35
+.. gh-issue: 119879
+.. nonce: Jit951
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+String search is now slightly faster for certain cases. It now utilizes last
+character gap (good suffix rule) for two-way periodic needles.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-31-12-06-11
+.. gh-issue: 119842
+.. nonce: tCGVsv
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Honor :c:func:`PyOS_InputHook` in the new REPL. Patch by Pablo Galindo
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-31-08-23-41
+.. gh-issue: 119180
+.. nonce: KL4VxZ
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+:func:`classmethod` and :func:`staticmethod` now wrap the
+:attr:`~object.__annotations__` and :attr:`~object.__annotate__` attributes
+of their underlying callable lazily. See :pep:`649`. Patch by Jelle
+Zijlstra.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-30-23-01-00
+.. gh-issue: 119821
+.. nonce: jPGfvt
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Fix execution of :ref:`annotation scopes <annotation-scopes>` within classes
+when ``globals`` is set to a non-dict. Patch by Jelle Zijlstra.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-30-04-11-36
+.. gh-issue: 118934
+.. nonce: fbDqve
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Make ``PyEval_GetLocals`` return borrowed reference
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-29-18-53-43
+.. gh-issue: 119740
+.. nonce: zP2JNM
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Remove the previously-deprecated delegation of :func:`int` to
+:meth:`~object.__trunc__`.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-28-22-49-56
+.. gh-issue: 119689
+.. nonce: VwLFD5
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Generate stack effect metadata for pseudo instructions from bytecodes.c.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-27-19-13-49
+.. gh-issue: 109218
+.. nonce: -sdDg0
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+:func:`complex` accepts now a string only as a positional argument. Passing
+a complex number as the "real" or "imag" argument is deprecated; it should
+only be passed as a single positional argument.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-25-16-45-27
+.. gh-issue: 119548
+.. nonce: pqF9Y6
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Add a ``clear`` command to the REPL. Patch by Pablo Galindo
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-25-13-51-48
+.. gh-issue: 111999
+.. nonce: L0q1gh
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Fix the signature of :meth:`str.format_map`.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-25-12-52-25
+.. gh-issue: 119560
+.. nonce: wSlm8q
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+An invalid assert in beta 1 has been removed.  The assert would fail if
+``PyState_FindModule()`` was used in an extension module's init function
+before the module def had been initialized.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-24-21-16-52
+.. gh-issue: 119369
+.. nonce: qBThho
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Fix deadlock during thread deletion in free-threaded build, which could
+occur when the GIL was enabled at runtime.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-24-21-04-00
+.. gh-issue: 119525
+.. nonce: zLFLf1
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Fix deadlock involving ``_PyType_Lookup()`` cache in the free-threaded build
+when the GIL is dynamically enabled at runtime.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-23-20-17-37
+.. gh-issue: 119258
+.. nonce: wZFIpt
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Eliminate type version guards in the tier two interpreter.
+
+Note that setting the ``tp_version_tag`` manually (which has never been
+supported) may result in crashes.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-23-06-34-45
+.. gh-issue: 119311
+.. nonce: 2DBwKR
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Fix bug where names are unexpectedly mangled in the bases of generic
+classes.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-23-06-34-14
+.. gh-issue: 119395
+.. nonce: z-Hsqb
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Fix bug where names appearing after a generic class are mangled as if they
+are in the generic class.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-22-12-49-03
+.. gh-issue: 119372
+.. nonce: PXig1R
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Correct invalid corner cases in complex division (resulted in ``(nan+nanj)``
+output), e.g.  ``1/complex('(inf+infj)')``.  Patch by Sergey B Kirpichev.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-22-06-22-47
+.. gh-issue: 119180
+.. nonce: vZMiXm
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Evaluation of annotations is now deferred. See :pep:`649` for details.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-21-12-17-02
+.. gh-issue: 119180
+.. nonce: UNDUb9
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Replace :opcode:`!LOAD_ASSERTION_ERROR` opcode with
+:opcode:`LOAD_COMMON_CONSTANT` and add support for
+:exc:`NotImplementedError`.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-21-11-27-14
+.. gh-issue: 119213
+.. nonce: nxjxrt
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Non-builtin modules built with argument clinic were crashing if used in a
+subinterpreter before the main interpreter.  The objects that were causing
+the problem by leaking between interpreters carelessly have been fixed.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-21-09-46-51
+.. gh-issue: 119011
+.. nonce: WOe3bu
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Fixes ``type.__type_params__`` to return an empty tuple instead of a
+descriptor.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-20-14-57-39
+.. gh-issue: 118692
+.. nonce: Qadm7F
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Avoid creating unnecessary :exc:`StopIteration` instances for monitoring.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-20-10-10-51
+.. gh-issue: 119180
+.. nonce: 35xqpu
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Add an ``__annotate__`` attribute to functions, classes, and modules as part
+of :pep:`649`. Patch by Jelle Zijlstra.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-16-23-02-03
+.. gh-issue: 119049
+.. nonce: qpd_S-
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Fix displaying the source line for warnings created by the C API if the
+:mod:`warnings` module had not yet been imported.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-15-12-15-58
+.. gh-issue: 119057
+.. nonce: P3G9G2
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Improve :exc:`ZeroDivisionError` error message. Now, all error messages are
+harmonized: all ``/``, ``//``, and ``%`` operations just use "division by
+zero" message. And ``0 ** -1`` operation uses "zero to a negative power".
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-11-21-44-17
+.. gh-issue: 118844
+.. nonce: q2H_km
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Fix build failures when configuring with both ``--disable-gil`` and
+``--enable-experimental-jit``.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-10-19-54-18
+.. gh-issue: 118921
+.. nonce: O4ztZG
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Add ``copy()`` method for ``FrameLocalsProxy`` which returns a snapshot
+``dict`` for local variables.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-09-19-47-12
+.. gh-issue: 117657
+.. nonce: Vn0Yey
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Fix data races on the field that stores a pointer to the interpreter's main
+thread that occur in free-threaded builds.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-09-02-37-25
+.. gh-issue: 118750
+.. nonce: 7aLfT-
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+If the C version of the ``decimal`` module is available, ``int(str)`` now
+uses it to supply an asymptotically much faster conversion. However, this
+only applies if the string contains over about 2 million digits.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-08-09-44-15
+.. gh-issue: 118767
+.. nonce: iFF5F5
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Using :data:`NotImplemented` in a boolean context now raises
+:exc:`TypeError`. Contributed by Jelle Zijlstra.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-07-16-57-56
+.. gh-issue: 118561
+.. nonce: wNMKVd
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Fix race condition in free-threaded build where :meth:`!list.extend` could
+expose uninitialised memory to concurrent readers.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-01-05-09-16
+.. gh-issue: 117139
+.. nonce: t41w_D
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Convert the Python evaluation stack to use internal stack references. The
+purpose is to support tagged pointers. In :pep:`703`, this will allow for
+its form of deferred reference counting. For both the default and
+free-threaded builds, this sets up the infrastructure for unboxed integers
+in the future.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-04-27-18-36-46
+.. gh-issue: 115801
+.. nonce: SVeHSy
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Raise ``TypeError`` when passing a string to :func:`difflib.unified_diff`
+and :func:`difflib.context_diff`.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-04-08-13-49-02
+.. gh-issue: 117558
+.. nonce: 9lSEpR
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Improve error messages when a string, bytes or bytearray object of length 1
+is expected.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-03-25-15-07-01
+.. gh-issue: 117195
+.. nonce: OWakgD
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Avoid assertion failure for debug builds when calling
+``object.__sizeof__(1)``
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-03-19-22-21-22
+.. gh-issue: 116022
+.. nonce: iyHENN
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Improve the :meth:`~object.__repr__` output of :class:`~ast.AST` nodes.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-01-15-21-51-26
+.. gh-issue: 114091
+.. nonce: VOtSJl
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Changed the error message for awaiting something that can't be awaited from
+"object <type> can't be used in an await expression" to "'<type>' object
+can't be awaited".
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-01-15-18-11-48
+.. gh-issue: 113190
+.. nonce: OwQX64
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+:c:func:`Py_Finalize` now deletes all interned strings.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2023-10-14-23-05-40
+.. gh-issue: 84978
+.. nonce: Z0t6dg
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Add class methods :meth:`float.from_number` and :meth:`complex.from_number`.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2022-07-22-15-56-35
+.. gh-issue: 95144
+.. nonce: FZYWX-
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Improve the error message from ``a in b`` when ``b`` is not a container to
+mention the term "container".
+
+..
+
+.. bpo: 24766
+.. date: 2018-10-09-15-14-53
+.. nonce: c_C1Wc
+.. section: Core and Builtins
+
+Fix handling of ``doc`` argument to subclasses of ``property``.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-10-03-14-06-08
+.. gh-issue: 123961
+.. nonce: uwJQTY
+.. section: C API
+
+Convert the :ref:`curses.window <curses-window-objects>` static type exposed
+by the :c:macro:`!PyCursesWindow_Type` macro in ``Include/py_curses.h`` to a
+:ref:`heap type <heap-types>`. Patch by Bénédikt Tran.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-25-11-44-02
+.. gh-issue: 124502
+.. nonce: qWuDjT
+.. section: C API
+
+Add :c:func:`PyUnicode_Equal` function to the limited C API: test if two
+strings are equal. Patch by Victor Stinner.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-24-20-34-21
+.. gh-issue: 124296
+.. nonce: S4QoS1
+.. section: C API
+
+:c:type:`PyDictObject` no longer maintains a private version tag field
+``ma_version_tag`` per :pep:`699`.  This field was originally added in
+Python 3.6 (:pep:`509`) and deprecated in Python 3.12.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-18-18-40-30
+.. gh-issue: 124160
+.. nonce: Zy-VKi
+.. section: C API
+
+Fix crash when importing modules containing state and single-phase
+initialization in a subinterpreter.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-17-05-23-35
+.. gh-issue: 124153
+.. nonce: L8TWmx
+.. section: C API
+
+Add :c:func:`PyType_GetBaseByToken` and :c:data:`Py_tp_token` slot for
+easier type checking, related to :pep:`489` and :pep:`630`.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-16-16-21-39
+.. gh-issue: 124127
+.. nonce: LB8DBU
+.. section: C API
+
+In the limited C API 3.14 and newer, :c:func:`Py_REFCNT` is now implemented
+as an opaque function call to hide implementation details. Patch by Victor
+Stinner.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-12-16-16-24
+.. gh-issue: 123880
+.. nonce: 2-8vcj
+.. section: C API
+
+Fixed a bug that prevented circular imports of extension modules that use
+single-phase initialization.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-10-16-54-27
+.. gh-issue: 123909
+.. nonce: CTGxDR
+.. section: C API
+
+:c:func:`PyType_FromSpec`, :c:func:`PyType_FromSpecWithBases` and
+:c:func:`PyType_FromModuleAndSpec` will now fail if the metaclass of the new
+type has custom :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new`.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-30-14-02-17
+.. gh-issue: 107954
+.. nonce: TPvj4u
+.. section: C API
+
+Add functions to configure the Python initialization (:pep:`741`):
+
+* :c:func:`PyInitConfig_Create`
+* :c:func:`PyInitConfig_Free`
+* :c:func:`PyInitConfig_GetError`
+* :c:func:`PyInitConfig_GetExitCode`
+* :c:func:`PyInitConfig_HasOption`
+* :c:func:`PyInitConfig_GetInt`
+* :c:func:`PyInitConfig_GetStr`
+* :c:func:`PyInitConfig_GetStrList`
+* :c:func:`PyInitConfig_FreeStrList`
+* :c:func:`PyInitConfig_SetInt`
+* :c:func:`PyInitConfig_SetStr`
+* :c:func:`PyInitConfig_SetStrList`
+* :c:func:`PyInitConfig_AddModule`
+* :c:func:`Py_InitializeFromInitConfig`
+
+Patch by Victor Stinner.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-29-15-55-55
+.. gh-issue: 107954
+.. nonce: pr2O50
+.. section: C API
+
+Add functions to get and set the current runtime Python configuration:
+
+* :c:func:`PyConfig_Get`
+* :c:func:`PyConfig_GetInt`
+* :c:func:`PyConfig_Set`
+* :c:func:`PyConfig_Names`
+
+Patch by Victor Stinner.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-29-15-05-19
+.. gh-issue: 123465
+.. nonce: eqwNWq
+.. section: C API
+
+:c:macro:`Py_RELATIVE_OFFSET` is now allowed in :c:type:`PyMemberDef` for
+the special offset member ``"__vectorcalloffset__"``, as well as the
+discouraged special offset members ``"__dictoffset__"`` and
+``"__weaklistoffset__"``
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-26-13-01-20
+.. gh-issue: 100554
+.. nonce: 0ku85o
+.. section: C API
+
+Added a slot ``Py_tp_vectorcall`` to set
+:c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_vectorcall` via the :c:func:`PyType_FromSpec`
+function family. Limited API extensions can use this feature to provide more
+efficient vector call-based implementation of ``__new__`` and ``__init__``.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-09-13-12-20
+.. gh-issue: 122854
+.. nonce: -1OgvU
+.. section: C API
+
+Add :c:func:`Py_HashBuffer` to compute and return the hash value of a
+buffer. Patch by Antoine Pitrou and Victor Stinner.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-06-14-23-11
+.. gh-issue: 122728
+.. nonce: l-fQ-v
+.. section: C API
+
+Fix :c:func:`PyEval_GetLocals` to avoid :exc:`SystemError` ("bad argument to
+internal function"). Patch by Victor Stinner.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-30-23-48-26
+.. gh-issue: 116622
+.. nonce: yTTtil
+.. section: C API
+
+Make :any:`PyObject_Print` work around a bug in Android and OpenBSD which
+prevented it from throwing an exception when trying to write to a read-only
+stream.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-27-00-28-35
+.. gh-issue: 105201
+.. nonce: 0-xUWq
+.. section: C API
+
+Add :c:func:`PyIter_NextItem` to replace :c:func:`PyIter_Next`, which has an
+ambiguous return value. Patch by Irit Katriel and Erlend Aasland.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-21-17-40-07
+.. gh-issue: 121489
+.. nonce: SUMFCr
+.. section: C API
+
+Export private :c:func:`!_PyBytes_Join` again.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-12-13-40-59
+.. gh-issue: 121645
+.. nonce: 96QvD3
+.. section: C API
+
+Add :c:func:`PyBytes_Join(sep, iterable) <PyBytes_Join>` function, similar
+to ``sep.join(iterable)`` in Python. Patch by Victor Stinner.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-09-15-55-20
+.. gh-issue: 89364
+.. nonce: yYYroI
+.. section: C API
+
+Export the :c:func:`PySignal_SetWakeupFd` function. Previously, the function
+was documented but it couldn't be used in 3rd party code. Patch by Victor
+Stinner.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-04-15-41-10
+.. gh-issue: 113993
+.. nonce: cLSiWV
+.. section: C API
+
+:c:func:`PyUnicode_InternInPlace` no longer prevents its argument from being
+garbage collected.
+
+Several functions that take ``char *`` are now documented as possibly
+preventing string objects from being garbage collected; refer to their
+documentation for details: :c:func:`PyUnicode_InternFromString`,
+:c:func:`PyDict_SetItemString`, :c:func:`PyObject_SetAttrString`,
+:c:func:`PyObject_DelAttrString`, :c:func:`PyUnicode_InternFromString`, and
+``PyModule_Add*`` convenience functions.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-04-13-23-27
+.. gh-issue: 113601
+.. nonce: K3RLqp
+.. section: C API
+
+Removed debug build assertions related to interning strings, which were
+falsely triggered by stable ABI extensions.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-02-11-03-40
+.. gh-issue: 112136
+.. nonce: f3fiY8
+.. section: C API
+
+Restore the private ``_PyArg_Parser`` structure and the private
+``_PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywordsFast()`` function, previously removed in
+Python 3.13 alpha 1. Patch by Victor Stinner.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-26-11-29-01
+.. gh-issue: 120642
+.. nonce: H7P9qK
+.. section: C API
+
+Remove the private ``_Py_CODEUNIT`` type from the public C API. The internal
+``pycore_code.h`` header should now be used to get this internal type. Patch
+by Victor Stinner.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-21-16-41-21
+.. gh-issue: 120858
+.. nonce: Z5_-Mn
+.. section: C API
+
+:c:func:`PyDict_Next` no longer locks the dictionary in the free-threaded
+build.  The locking needs to be done by the caller around the entire
+iteration loop.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-19-21-27-42
+.. gh-issue: 120642
+.. nonce: UlKClN
+.. section: C API
+
+Remove the following unstable functions:
+
+* ``PyUnstable_Replace_Executor()``
+* ``PyUnstable_SetOptimizer()``
+* ``PyUnstable_GetOptimizer()``
+* ``PyUnstable_GetExecutor()``
+* ``PyUnstable_Optimizer_NewCounter()``
+* ``PyUnstable_Optimizer_NewUOpOptimizer()``
+
+Patch by Victor Stinner.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-19-17-27-22
+.. gh-issue: 120389
+.. nonce: GSZeHF
+.. section: C API
+
+Add new functions to convert C ``<stdint.h>`` numbers from/to Python
+:class:`int`:
+
+* :c:func:`PyLong_FromInt32`
+* :c:func:`PyLong_FromUInt32`
+* :c:func:`PyLong_FromInt64`
+* :c:func:`PyLong_FromUInt64`
+* :c:func:`PyLong_AsInt32`
+* :c:func:`PyLong_AsUInt32`
+* :c:func:`PyLong_AsInt64`
+* :c:func:`PyLong_AsUInt64`
+
+Patch by Victor Stinner.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-16-22-58-47
+.. gh-issue: 120600
+.. nonce: TJdf0w
+.. section: C API
+
+In the limited C API 3.14 and newer, :c:func:`Py_TYPE` is now implemented as
+an opaque function call to hide implementation details. Patch by Victor
+Stinner.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-11-21-38-32
+.. gh-issue: 70278
+.. nonce: WDE4zM
+.. section: C API
+
+:c:func:`PyUnicode_FromFormat` no longer produces the ending ``\ufffd``
+character for truncated C string when use precision with ``%s`` and ``%V``.
+It now truncates the string before the start of truncated multibyte
+sequences.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-08-08-33-40
+.. gh-issue: 119771
+.. nonce: Oip2dL
+.. section: C API
+
+Set :data:`errno` in :c:func:`_Py_c_pow` on overflows.  Patch by Sergey B
+Kirpichev.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-07-22-12-30
+.. gh-issue: 119182
+.. nonce: yt8Ar7
+.. section: C API
+
+Add a new :c:type:`PyUnicodeWriter` API to create a Python :class:`str`
+object:
+
+* :c:func:`PyUnicodeWriter_Create`.
+* :c:func:`PyUnicodeWriter_Discard`.
+* :c:func:`PyUnicodeWriter_Finish`.
+* :c:func:`PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar`.
+* :c:func:`PyUnicodeWriter_WriteUTF8`.
+* :c:func:`PyUnicodeWriter_WriteUCS4`.
+* :c:func:`PyUnicodeWriter_WriteWideChar`.
+* :c:func:`PyUnicodeWriter_WriteStr`.
+* :c:func:`PyUnicodeWriter_WriteRepr`.
+* :c:func:`PyUnicodeWriter_WriteSubstring`.
+* :c:func:`PyUnicodeWriter_Format`.
+* :c:func:`PyUnicodeWriter_DecodeUTF8Stateful`.
+
+Patch by Victor Stinner.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-04-10-58-20
+.. gh-issue: 119613
+.. nonce: qOr9GF
+.. section: C API
+
+Soft deprecate the :c:macro:`!Py_MEMCPY` macro: use directly ``memcpy()``
+instead.  Patch by Victor Stinner.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-30-12-51-21
+.. gh-issue: 119775
+.. nonce: CBq9IG
+.. section: C API
+
+Creating :c:data:`immutable types <Py_TPFLAGS_IMMUTABLETYPE>` with mutable
+bases was deprecated since 3.12 and now raises a :exc:`TypeError`.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-29-21-05-59
+.. gh-issue: 119585
+.. nonce: Sn7JL3
+.. section: C API
+
+Fix crash when a thread state that was created by
+:c:func:`PyGILState_Ensure` calls a destructor that during
+:c:func:`PyThreadState_Clear` that calls back into
+:c:func:`PyGILState_Ensure` and :c:func:`PyGILState_Release`. This might
+occur when in the free-threaded build or when using thread-local variables
+whose destructors call :c:func:`PyGILState_Ensure`.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-29-09-21-37
+.. gh-issue: 119613
+.. nonce: J2xfrC
+.. section: C API
+
+Macros ``Py_IS_NAN``, ``Py_IS_INFINITY`` and ``Py_IS_FINITE`` are
+:term:`soft deprecated`.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-22-17-50-48
+.. gh-issue: 119336
+.. nonce: ff3qnS
+.. section: C API
+
+Restore the removed ``_PyLong_NumBits()`` function. It is used by the
+pywin32 project. Patch by Ethan Smith
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-21-19-41-41
+.. gh-issue: 119344
+.. nonce: QKvzQb
+.. section: C API
+
+The critical section API is now public as part of the non-limited C API.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-21-18-28-44
+.. gh-issue: 119333
+.. nonce: OTsYVX
+.. section: C API
+
+Add :c:func:`PyContext_AddWatcher` and :c:func:`PyContext_ClearWatcher` APIs
+to register callbacks to receive notification on enter and exit of context
+objects.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-21-11-35-11
+.. gh-issue: 119247
+.. nonce: U6n6mh
+.. section: C API
+
+Added ``Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION_SEQUENCE_FAST`` and
+``Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION_SEQUENCE_FAST`` macros to make it possible to use
+PySequence_Fast APIs safely when free-threaded, and update str.join to work
+without the GIL using them.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-20-10-35-22
+.. gh-issue: 111389
+.. nonce: a6axBk
+.. section: C API
+
+Add :c:macro:`PyHASH_MULTIPLIER` constant: prime multiplier used in string
+and various other hashes. Patch by Victor Stinner.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-10-15-43-14
+.. gh-issue: 118771
+.. nonce: 5KVglT
+.. section: C API
+
+Several C declarations with names that didn't start with the ``Py`` or
+``_Py`` prefixes, which were added by mistake in 3.13 alpha and beta
+releases, were moved to internal headers.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-08-23-14-06
+.. gh-issue: 116984
+.. nonce: 5sgcDo
+.. section: C API
+
+Make mimalloc includes relative to the current file to avoid embedders or
+extensions needing to include ``Internal/mimalloc`` if they are already
+including internal CPython headers.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-08-21-57-50
+.. gh-issue: 118789
+.. nonce: Ni4UQx
+.. section: C API
+
+Add :c:func:`PyUnstable_Object_ClearWeakRefsNoCallbacks`, which clears
+weakrefs without calling their callbacks.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-08-20-13-00
+.. gh-issue: 118789
+.. nonce: m88uUa
+.. section: C API
+
+Restore ``_PyWeakref_ClearRef`` that was previously removed in Python 3.13
+alpha 1.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-04-10-16-48-04
+.. gh-issue: 117511
+.. nonce: RZtBRK
+.. section: C API
+
+Make the :c:type:`PyMutex` public in the non-limited C API.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-03-10-14-55-51
+.. gh-issue: 116560
+.. nonce: x2mZaO
+.. section: C API
+
+Add :c:func:`PyLong_GetSign` function.  Patch by Sergey B Kirpichev.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2022-10-01-09-56-27
+.. gh-issue: 97588
+.. nonce: Gvg54o
+.. section: C API
+
+Fix creating bitfields in :mod:`ctypes` structures and unions. Fields no
+longer overlap.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2022-08-05-19-41-20
+.. gh-issue: 87135
+.. nonce: SCNBYj
+.. section: C API
+
+Attempting to acquire the GIL after runtime finalization has begun in a
+different thread now causes the thread to hang rather than terminate, which
+avoids potential crashes or memory corruption caused by attempting to
+terminate a thread that is running code not specifically designed to support
+termination. In most cases this hanging is harmless since the process will
+soon exit anyway.
+
+The ``PyThread_exit_thread`` function is now deprecated.  Its behavior is
+inconsistent across platforms, and it can only be used safely in the
+unlikely case that every function in the entire call stack has been designed
+to support the platform-dependent termination mechanism.  It is recommended
+that users of this function change their design to not require thread
+termination.  In the unlikely case that thread termination is needed and can
+be done safely, users may migrate to calling platform-specific APIs such as
+``pthread_exit`` (POSIX) or ``_endthreadex`` (Windows) directly.
+
+..
+
+.. bpo: 34008
+.. date: 2018-06-30-21-48-16
+.. nonce: 2Wjtm0
+.. section: C API
+
+Added ``Py_IsInitialized`` to the list of APIs that are safe to call before
+the interpreter is initialized, and updated the embedding tests to cover it.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-10-13-21-11-30
+.. gh-issue: 125269
+.. nonce: BC-fdo
+.. section: Build
+
+Fix detection of whether ``-latomic`` is needed when cross-compiling CPython
+using the configure script.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-23-11-27-25
+.. gh-issue: 123990
+.. nonce: d6HrYC
+.. section: Build
+
+Remove ``WITH_FREELISTS`` macro and ``--without-freelists`` build
+configuration
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-16-09-42-05
+.. gh-issue: 124102
+.. nonce: Ow254j
+.. section: Build
+
+Update internal documentation under PCbuild, so it now correctly states that
+Windows requires VS2017 or later and Python 3.10 or later
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-13-17-48-37
+.. gh-issue: 124043
+.. nonce: Bruxpq
+.. section: Build
+
+Building using :option:`--with-trace-refs` is (temporarily) disallowed when
+the GIL is disabled.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-09-04-12-01-43
+.. gh-issue: 123418
+.. nonce: ynzspB
+.. section: Build
+
+Updated Android build to use OpenSSL 3.0.15.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-24-19-09-31
+.. gh-issue: 123297
+.. nonce: fdtXoe
+.. section: Build
+
+Propagate the value of ``LDFLAGS`` to ``LDCXXSHARED`` in :mod:`sysconfig`.
+Patch by Pablo Galindo
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-14-19-17-34
+.. gh-issue: 121634
+.. nonce: eOMfHG
+.. section: Build
+
+Allow for specifying the target compile triple for WASI.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-12-15-48-49
+.. gh-issue: 122578
+.. nonce: YJ3xEa
+.. section: Build
+
+Use WASI SDK 24 for testing.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-07-00-20-18
+.. gh-issue: 116622
+.. nonce: U9cxHM
+.. section: Build
+
+Rename build variable ``MODULE_LDFLAGS`` back to ``LIBPYTHON``, as it's used
+by package build systems (e.g. Meson).
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-08-02-12-59-15
+.. gh-issue: 118943
+.. nonce: vZQtET
+.. section: Build
+
+Fix an issue where the experimental JIT could be built several times by the
+``make regen-all`` target, leading to possible race conditions on heavily
+parallelized builds.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-19-10-14-31
+.. gh-issue: 121996
+.. nonce: IEb2sz
+.. section: Build
+
+Introduce ./configure --disable-safety and --enable-slower-safety options.
+Patch by Donghee Na.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-18-07-53-07
+.. gh-issue: 120522
+.. nonce: dg3o5A
+.. section: Build
+
+Added a :option:`--with-app-store-compliance` option to patch out known
+issues with macOS/iOS App Store review processes.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-16-12-29-54
+.. gh-issue: 120371
+.. nonce: E7x858
+.. section: Build
+
+Support WASI SDK 22 by explicitly skipping functions that are just stubs in
+wasi-libc.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-14-01-29-47
+.. gh-issue: 121731
+.. nonce: RMPGP3
+.. section: Build
+
+Fix mimalloc compile error on GNU/Hurd
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-08-14-01-17
+.. gh-issue: 121487
+.. nonce: ekHmpR
+.. section: Build
+
+Fix deprecation warning for ATOMIC_VAR_INIT in mimalloc.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-08-01-11-54
+.. gh-issue: 121467
+.. nonce: 3qWRQj
+.. section: Build
+
+Fix a Makefile bug that prevented mimalloc header files from being
+installed.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-02-20-16-09
+.. gh-issue: 121103
+.. nonce: TMef9j
+.. section: Build
+
+On POSIX systems, excluding macOS framework installs, the lib directory for
+the free-threaded build now includes a "t" suffix to avoid conflicts with a
+co-located default build installation.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-07-02-12-42-25
+.. gh-issue: 120831
+.. nonce: i3eIjg
+.. section: Build
+
+The default minimum iOS version was increased to 13.0.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-27-18-03-20
+.. gh-issue: 121082
+.. nonce: w3AfRx
+.. section: Build
+
+Fix build failure when the developer use ``--enable-pystats`` arguments in
+configuration command after #118450.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-21-09-24-03
+.. gh-issue: 120671
+.. nonce: Z8sBQB
+.. section: Build
+
+Fix failing configure tests due to a missing space when appending to CFLAGS.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-19-21-05-15
+.. gh-issue: 120602
+.. nonce: UyDARz
+.. section: Build
+
+Correctly handle LLVM installs with ``LLVM_VERSION_SUFFIX`` when building
+with ``--enable-experimental-jit``.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-18-15-32-36
+.. gh-issue: 120688
+.. nonce: tjIPLD
+.. section: Build
+
+On WASI in debug mode, Python is now built with compiler flag ``-O3``
+instead of ``-Og``, to support more recursive calls. Patch by Victor
+Stinner.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-18-15-28-25
+.. gh-issue: 118943
+.. nonce: aie7nn
+.. section: Build
+
+Fix a possible race condition affecting parallel builds configured with
+``--enable-experimental-jit``, in which :exc:`FileNotFoundError` could be
+caused by another process already moving ``jit_stencils.h.new`` to
+``jit_stencils.h``.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-11-00-38-05
+.. gh-issue: 120326
+.. nonce: JHSDF1
+.. section: Build
+
+On Windows, fix build error when ``--disable-gil`` and
+``--experimental-jit`` options are combined.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-09-15-54-22
+.. gh-issue: 120291
+.. nonce: IpfHzE
+.. section: Build
+
+Make the ``python-config`` shell script compatible with non-bash shells.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-06-02-13-23-26
+.. gh-issue: 113565
+.. nonce: 8xBlId
+.. section: Build
+
+Improve :mod:`curses` and :mod:`curses.panel` dependency checks in
+:program:`configure`.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-29-17-40-50
+.. gh-issue: 119729
+.. nonce: k0xJ5U
+.. section: Build
+
+On POSIX systems, the pkg-config (``.pc``) filenames now include the ABI
+flags, which may include debug ("d") and free-threaded ("t").  For example:
+* ``python-3.14.pc`` (default, non-debug build) * ``python-3.14d.pc``
+(default, debug build) * ``python-3.14t.pc`` (free-threaded build)
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-22-13-18-02
+.. gh-issue: 119400
+.. nonce: WEt83v
+.. section: Build
+
+``make_ssl_certs``, the script that prepares certificate data for the test
+suite, now allows specifying expiration dates.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-19-22-54-55
+.. gh-issue: 115119
+.. nonce: DwMwev
+.. section: Build
+
+Fall back to the bundled libmpdec if a system version cannot be found.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-17-19-53-27
+.. gh-issue: 119132
+.. nonce: wepPgM
+.. section: Build
+
+Update :data:`sys.version` to identify whether the build is default build or
+free-threading build. Patch By Donghee Na.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-13-15-57-58
+.. gh-issue: 118836
+.. nonce: 7yN1iB
+.. section: Build
+
+Fix an ``AssertionError`` when building with ``--enable-experimental-jit``
+and the compiler emits a ``SHT_NOTE`` section.
+
+..
+
+.. date: 2024-05-11-15-11-30
+.. gh-issue: 118943
+.. nonce: VI_MnY
+.. section: Build
+
+Fix a possible race condition affecting parallel builds configured with
+``--enable-experimental-jit``, in which compilation errors could be caused
+by an incompletely-generated header file.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.5.0a1.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.5.0a1.rst
index 442ab62fee8185..8f9d8ce57caa05 100644
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.5.0a1.rst
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.5.0a1.rst
@@ -3447,7 +3447,8 @@ tkinter.ttk now works when default root window is not set.
 .. nonce: FE_PII
 .. section: Library
 
-_tkinter.create() now creates tkapp object with wantobject=1 by default.
+``_tkinter.create()`` now creates ``tkapp`` object with ``wantobjects=1`` by
+default.
 
 ..
 
@@ -5467,7 +5468,7 @@ All resources are now allowed when tests are not run by regrtest.py.
 .. section: Tests
 
 Fix pystone micro-benchmark: use floor division instead of true division to
-benchmark integers instead of floating point numbers. Set pystone version to
+benchmark integers instead of floating-point numbers. Set pystone version to
 1.2. Patch written by Lennart Regebro.
 
 ..
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.6.0a1.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.6.0a1.rst
index 5c9a6e5d64b469..803c9fc5925fa6 100644
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.6.0a1.rst
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.6.0a1.rst
@@ -1484,9 +1484,9 @@ on UNIX signals (SIGSEGV, SIGFPE, SIGABRT).
 .. nonce: RWN1jR
 .. section: Library
 
-Add C functions :c:func:`_PyTraceMalloc_Track` and
-:c:func:`_PyTraceMalloc_Untrack` to track memory blocks using the
-:mod:`tracemalloc` module. Add :c:func:`_PyTraceMalloc_GetTraceback` to get
+Add C functions :c:func:`!_PyTraceMalloc_Track` and
+:c:func:`!_PyTraceMalloc_Untrack` to track memory blocks using the
+:mod:`tracemalloc` module. Add :c:func:`!_PyTraceMalloc_GetTraceback` to get
 the traceback of an object.
 
 ..
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.6.5rc1.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.6.5rc1.rst
index 3d14cc49049c8f..a45e97fb29045b 100644
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.6.5rc1.rst
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.6.5rc1.rst
@@ -474,7 +474,7 @@ platforms with OpenSSL 1.0.2+ or inet_pton.
 .. nonce: ideco
 .. section: Library
 
-:func:`urllib.parse.urlsplit()` does not convert zone-id (scope) to lower
+:func:`urllib.parse.urlsplit` does not convert zone-id (scope) to lower
 case for scoped IPv6 addresses in hostnames now.
 
 ..
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.7.0a4.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.7.0a4.rst
index 679f72ee0a44d4..2ceb9e78e0421b 100644
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.7.0a4.rst
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.7.0a4.rst
@@ -434,7 +434,7 @@ loop.getaddrinfo, loop.getnameinfo.
 .. nonce: ideco
 .. section: Library
 
-:func:`urllib.parse.urlsplit()` does not convert zone-id (scope) to lower
+:func:`urllib.parse.urlsplit` does not convert zone-id (scope) to lower
 case for scoped IPv6 addresses in hostnames now.
 
 ..
@@ -463,7 +463,7 @@ Fix ``stop_serving`` in asyncio proactor loop kill all listening servers
 .. nonce: CUbsb2
 .. section: Library
 
-:func:`re.sub()` now replaces empty matches adjacent to a previous non-empty
+:func:`re.sub` now replaces empty matches adjacent to a previous non-empty
 match.
 
 ..
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.7.0b1.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.7.0b1.rst
index b6477127818eb5..c9786e55c20739 100644
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.7.0b1.rst
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.7.0b1.rst
@@ -414,7 +414,7 @@ callback.
 .. section: Library
 
 Fix memory leak in asyncio.Queue, when the queue has limited size and it is
-full, the cancelation of queue.put() can cause a memory leak. Patch by: José
+full, the cancellation of queue.put() can cause a memory leak. Patch by: José
 Melero.
 
 ..
@@ -601,7 +601,7 @@ Add socket.getblocking() method.
 Add :mod:`importlib.resources` and :class:`importlib.abc.ResourceReader` as
 the unified API for reading resources contained within packages.  Loaders
 wishing to support resource reading must implement the
-:meth:`get_resource_reader()` method.  File-based and zipimport-based
+:meth:`get_resource_reader` method.  File-based and zipimport-based
 loaders both implement these APIs.  :class:`importlib.abc.ResourceLoader` is
 deprecated in favor of these new APIs.
 
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.7.0b2.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.7.0b2.rst
index 702dbc960c018d..10cd57ea7edfce 100644
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.7.0b2.rst
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.7.0b2.rst
@@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ collections.ChainMap() preserves the order of the underlying mappings.
 .. nonce: -T77_c
 .. section: Library
 
-:func:`fnmatch.translate()` no longer produces patterns which contain set
+:func:`fnmatch.translate` no longer produces patterns which contain set
 operations. Sets starting with '[' or containing '--', '&&', '~~' or '||'
 will be interpreted differently in regular expressions in future versions.
 Currently they emit warnings. fnmatch.translate() now avoids producing
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.7.0b4.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.7.0b4.rst
index fd0ce25cd8fb41..93627f54900ddd 100644
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.7.0b4.rst
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.7.0b4.rst
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ End framing at the end of C implementation of :func:`pickle.Pickler.dump`.
 .. section: Library
 
 Improved error handling and fixed a reference leak in
-:func:`os.posix_spawn()`.
+:func:`os.posix_spawn`.
 
 ..
 
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.8.0a1.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.8.0a1.rst
index 9decc4034d6b87..93995bc8feaad7 100644
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.8.0a1.rst
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.8.0a1.rst
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ positives from posix, socket, time, test_io, and test_faulthandler.
 .. nonce: 9vMWSP
 .. section: Core and Builtins
 
-Fix an assertion error in :func:`format` in debug build for floating point
+Fix an assertion error in :func:`format` in debug build for floating-point
 formatting with "n" format, zero padding and small width. Release build is
 not impacted. Patch by Karthikeyan Singaravelan.
 
@@ -625,7 +625,7 @@ Spytz.
 
 The C function ``property_descr_get()`` uses a "cached" tuple to optimize
 function calls. But this tuple can be discovered in debug mode with
-:func:`sys.getobjects()`. Remove the optimization, it's not really worth it
+:func:`sys.getobjects`. Remove the optimization, it's not really worth it
 and it causes 3 different crashes last years.
 
 ..
@@ -2519,7 +2519,7 @@ non-Windows systems.
 .. nonce: dQS1ng
 .. section: Library
 
-Fix incorrect parsing of :class:`_io.IncrementalNewlineDecoder`'s
+Fix incorrect parsing of :class:`io.IncrementalNewlineDecoder`'s
 *translate* argument.
 
 ..
@@ -2850,8 +2850,8 @@ allow for tweaking of protocols and also to add support by default for
 .. nonce: 37IdsA
 .. section: Library
 
-Fixed integer overflow in the :meth:`~hashlib.shake.digest()` and
-:meth:`~hashlib.shake.hexdigest()` methods for the SHAKE algorithm in the
+Fixed integer overflow in the :meth:`~hashlib.shake.digest` and
+:meth:`~hashlib.shake.hexdigest` methods for the SHAKE algorithm in the
 :mod:`hashlib` module.
 
 ..
@@ -3211,10 +3211,10 @@ bytes objects. (microoptimization)
 .. nonce: i-F_E5
 .. section: Library
 
-Add :func:`~unittest.addModuleCleanup()` and
-:meth:`~unittest.TestCase.addClassCleanup()` to unittest to support cleanups
-for :func:`~unittest.setUpModule()` and
-:meth:`~unittest.TestCase.setUpClass()`. Patch by Lisa Roach.
+Add :func:`~unittest.addModuleCleanup` and
+:meth:`~unittest.TestCase.addClassCleanup` to unittest to support cleanups
+for :func:`~unittest.setUpModule` and
+:meth:`~unittest.TestCase.setUpClass`. Patch by Lisa Roach.
 
 ..
 
@@ -3458,7 +3458,7 @@ Running the :mod:`trace` module no longer creates the ``trace.cover`` file.
 .. section: Library
 
 Fix crash when an ``ABC``-derived class with invalid ``__subclasses__`` is
-passed as the second argument to :func:`issubclass()`. Patch by Alexey
+passed as the second argument to :func:`issubclass`. Patch by Alexey
 Izbyshev.
 
 ..
@@ -3664,7 +3664,7 @@ Add pure Python fallback for functools.reduce. Patch by Robert Wright.
 .. section: Library
 
 The default asyncio task class now always has a name which can be get or set
-using two new methods (:meth:`~asyncio.Task.get_name()` and
+using two new methods (:meth:`~asyncio.Task.get_name` and
 :meth:`~asyncio.Task.set_name`) and is visible in the :func:`repr` output.
 An initial name can also be set using the new ``name`` keyword argument to
 :func:`asyncio.create_task` or the
@@ -4152,12 +4152,12 @@ Convert content length to string before putting to header.
 :func:`~os.path.exists`, :func:`~os.path.lexists`, :func:`~os.path.isdir`,
 :func:`~os.path.isfile`, :func:`~os.path.islink`, and
 :func:`~os.path.ismount`, and :mod:`pathlib.Path` methods that return a
-boolean result like :meth:`~pathlib.Path.exists()`,
-:meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_dir()`, :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_file()`,
-:meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_mount()`, :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_symlink()`,
-:meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_block_device()`,
-:meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_char_device()`, :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_fifo()`,
-:meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_socket()` now return ``False`` instead of raising
+boolean result like :meth:`~pathlib.Path.exists`,
+:meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_dir`, :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_file`,
+:meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_mount`, :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_symlink`,
+:meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_block_device`,
+:meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_char_device`, :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_fifo`,
+:meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_socket` now return ``False`` instead of raising
 :exc:`ValueError` or its subclasses :exc:`UnicodeEncodeError` and
 :exc:`UnicodeDecodeError` for paths that contain characters or bytes
 unrepresentable at the OS level.
@@ -5269,7 +5269,7 @@ performance and smaller size compared to protocol 3 introduced in Python
 .. section: Library
 
 Improved error handling and fixed a reference leak in
-:func:`os.posix_spawn()`.
+:func:`os.posix_spawn`.
 
 ..
 
@@ -5857,7 +5857,7 @@ collections.ChainMap() preserves the order of the underlying mappings.
 .. nonce: -T77_c
 .. section: Library
 
-:func:`fnmatch.translate()` no longer produces patterns which contain set
+:func:`fnmatch.translate` no longer produces patterns which contain set
 operations. Sets starting with '[' or containing '--', '&&', '~~' or '||'
 will be interpreted differently in regular expressions in future versions.
 Currently they emit warnings. fnmatch.translate() now avoids producing
@@ -8051,7 +8051,7 @@ Update macOS 10.9+ installer to Tcl/Tk 8.6.8.
 .. nonce: K6jCVG
 .. section: macOS
 
-In :mod:`_scproxy`, drop the GIL when calling into ``SystemConfiguration``
+In :mod:`!_scproxy`, drop the GIL when calling into ``SystemConfiguration``
 to avoid deadlocks.
 
 ..
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.8.0a2.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.8.0a2.rst
index c8620aeea7f133..0dbfa2758fe601 100644
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.8.0a2.rst
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.8.0a2.rst
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ the mean and standard deviation of measurement data as single entity.
 .. nonce: V88MCD
 .. section: Library
 
-Added statistics.fmean() as a faster, floating point variant of the existing
+Added statistics.fmean() as a faster, floating-point variant of the existing
 mean() function.
 
 ..
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.8.0a4.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.8.0a4.rst
index 7bf0de1210935b..41eea7303bd899 100644
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.8.0a4.rst
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.8.0a4.rst
@@ -663,8 +663,8 @@ followed imports. Patch by Brandt Bucher.
 .. nonce: QmfNmY
 .. section: Library
 
-Added :meth:`~socket.create_server()` and
-:meth:`~socket.has_dualstack_ipv6()` convenience functions to automate the
+Added :meth:`~socket.create_server` and
+:meth:`~socket.has_dualstack_ipv6` convenience functions to automate the
 necessary tasks usually involved when creating a server socket, including
 accepting both IPv4 and IPv6 connections on the same socket.  (Contributed
 by Giampaolo Rodola in :issue:`17561`.)
@@ -945,7 +945,7 @@ P. Hemsley.
 .. nonce: __FTq9
 .. section: Tests
 
-Add a new :mod:`_testinternalcapi` module to test the internal C API.
+Add a new :mod:`!_testinternalcapi` module to test the internal C API.
 
 ..
 
@@ -1383,7 +1383,7 @@ Since Python 3.7.0, calling :c:func:`Py_DecodeLocale` before
 coerced and/or if the UTF-8 Mode is enabled by the user configuration. The
 LC_CTYPE coercion and UTF-8 Mode are now disabled by default to fix the
 mojibake issue. They must now be enabled explicitly (opt-in) using the new
-:c:func:`_Py_PreInitialize` API with ``_PyPreConfig``.
+:c:func:`!_Py_PreInitialize` API with ``_PyPreConfig``.
 
 ..
 
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.8.0b1.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.8.0b1.rst
index 4174ab8fac6192..5010473269d92f 100644
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.8.0b1.rst
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.8.0b1.rst
@@ -176,8 +176,8 @@ Added new ``replace()`` method to the code type (:class:`types.CodeType`).
 .. nonce: d1SOtF
 .. section: Core and Builtins
 
-Implement :func:`socket.if_nameindex()`, :func:`socket.if_nametoindex()`,
-and :func:`socket.if_indextoname()` on Windows.
+Implement :func:`socket.if_nameindex`, :func:`socket.if_nametoindex`,
+and :func:`socket.if_indextoname` on Windows.
 
 ..
 
@@ -538,7 +538,7 @@ module.
 .. nonce: TQFOR4
 .. section: Library
 
-:meth:`!msilib.Directory.start_component()` no longer fails if *keyfile* is
+:meth:`!msilib.Directory.start_component` no longer fails if *keyfile* is
 not ``None``.
 
 ..
@@ -600,7 +600,7 @@ default.
 .. nonce: sLULGQ
 .. section: Library
 
-Fix destructor :class:`_pyio.BytesIO` and :class:`_pyio.TextIOWrapper`:
+Fix destructor :class:`!_pyio.BytesIO` and :class:`!_pyio.TextIOWrapper`:
 initialize their ``_buffer`` attribute as soon as possible (in the class
 body), because it's used by ``__del__()`` which calls ``close()``.
 
@@ -1371,7 +1371,7 @@ Asyncio: Remove inner callback on outer cancellation in shield
 .. nonce: d8djAJ
 .. section: Library
 
-Fix :meth:`asyncio.SelectorEventLoop.subprocess_exec()` leaks file
+Fix :meth:`asyncio.SelectorEventLoop.subprocess_exec` leaks file
 descriptors if ``Popen`` fails and called with ``stdin=subprocess.PIPE``.
 Patch by Niklas Fiekas.
 
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.9.0a1.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.9.0a1.rst
index a38b93e4b76d17..d75132b0aac040 100644
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.9.0a1.rst
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.9.0a1.rst
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ exception in :meth:`float.__getformat__`.
 .. nonce: 9-vKtO
 .. section: Core and Builtins
 
-Optimized :func:`math.floor()`, :func:`math.ceil()` and :func:`math.trunc()`
+Optimized :func:`math.floor`, :func:`math.ceil` and :func:`math.trunc`
 for floats.
 
 ..
@@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ Check the error from the system's underlying ``crypt`` or ``crypt_r``.
 .. section: Core and Builtins
 
 On FreeBSD, Python no longer calls ``fedisableexcept()`` at startup to
-control the floating point control mode. The call became useless since
+control the floating-point control mode. The call became useless since
 FreeBSD 6: it became the default mode.
 
 ..
@@ -1384,7 +1384,7 @@ Nested subclasses of :class:`typing.NamedTuple` are now pickleable.
 .. nonce: hwrPN7
 .. section: Library
 
-Prevent :exc:`KeyError` thrown by :func:`_encoded_words.decode` when given
+Prevent :exc:`KeyError` thrown by :func:`!_encoded_words.decode` when given
 an encoded-word with invalid content-type encoding from propagating all the
 way to :func:`email.message.get`.
 
@@ -1395,7 +1395,7 @@ way to :func:`email.message.get`.
 .. nonce: S6Klvm
 .. section: Library
 
-Deprecated the ``split()`` method in :class:`_tkinter.TkappType` in favour
+Deprecated the ``split()`` method in :class:`!_tkinter.TkappType` in favour
 of the ``splitlist()`` method which has more consistent and predictable
 behavior.
 
@@ -2990,7 +2990,7 @@ mode.
 .. nonce: FRGH4I
 .. section: Library
 
-:func:`ctypes.create_unicode_buffer()` now also supports non-BMP characters
+:func:`ctypes.create_unicode_buffer` now also supports non-BMP characters
 on platforms with 16-bit :c:type:`wchar_t` (for example, Windows and AIX).
 
 ..
@@ -3013,7 +3013,7 @@ thread was still running.
 .. section: Library
 
 Allow pure Python implementation of :mod:`pickle` to work even when the C
-:mod:`_pickle` module is unavailable.
+:mod:`!_pickle` module is unavailable.
 
 ..
 
@@ -3054,7 +3054,7 @@ Change the format of feature_version to be a (major, minor) tuple.
 .. nonce: 5_mJkQ
 .. section: Library
 
-Eliminate :exc:`RuntimeError` raised by :func:`asyncio.all_tasks()` if
+Eliminate :exc:`RuntimeError` raised by :func:`asyncio.all_tasks` if
 internal tasks weak set is changed by another thread during iteration.
 
 ..
@@ -3064,8 +3064,8 @@ internal tasks weak set is changed by another thread during iteration.
 .. nonce: ADqCkq
 .. section: Library
 
-:class:`_pyio.IOBase` destructor now does nothing if getting the ``closed``
-attribute fails to better mimic :class:`_io.IOBase` finalizer.
+:class:`!_pyio.IOBase` destructor now does nothing if getting the ``closed``
+attribute fails to better mimic :class:`!_io.IOBase` finalizer.
 
 ..
 
@@ -3536,7 +3536,7 @@ Add :meth:`~pathlib.Path.readlink`. Patch by Girts Folkmanis.
 .. nonce: La3TZz
 .. section: Library
 
-Made :func:`urllib.parse.unquote()` accept bytes in addition to strings.
+Made :func:`urllib.parse.unquote` accept bytes in addition to strings.
 Patch by Stein Karlsen.
 
 ..
@@ -3839,7 +3839,7 @@ Added possible exceptions to the description of os.chdir().
 .. nonce: r_wGRc
 .. section: Documentation
 
-Documented that in :meth:`datetime.datetime.strptime()`, the leading zero in
+Documented that in :meth:`datetime.datetime.strptime`, the leading zero in
 some two-digit formats is optional. Patch by Mike Gleen.
 
 ..
@@ -4993,7 +4993,7 @@ Make :const:`winreg.REG_MULTI_SZ` support zero-length strings.
 .. section: Windows
 
 Replace use of :c:func:`strcasecmp` for the system function
-:c:func:`_stricmp`. Patch by Minmin Gong.
+:c:func:`!_stricmp`. Patch by Minmin Gong.
 
 ..
 
@@ -5696,8 +5696,8 @@ Add :c:func:`PyConfig_SetWideStringList` function.
 .. section: C API
 
 Add fast functions for calling methods:
-:c:func:`_PyObject_VectorcallMethod`, :c:func:`_PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs`
-and :c:func:`_PyObject_CallMethodOneArg`.
+:c:func:`!_PyObject_VectorcallMethod`, :c:func:`!_PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs`
+and :c:func:`!_PyObject_CallMethodOneArg`.
 
 ..
 
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.9.0a4.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.9.0a4.rst
index ca0eb2abf1d654..cce0c4c9acdf1b 100644
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.9.0a4.rst
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.9.0a4.rst
@@ -755,7 +755,7 @@ dependencies.
 .. nonce: X7FRaN
 .. section: Windows
 
-:meth:`~pathlib.Path.home()` and :meth:`~pathlib.Path.expanduser()` on
+:meth:`~pathlib.Path.home` and :meth:`~pathlib.Path.expanduser` on
 Windows now prefer :envvar:`USERPROFILE` and no longer use :envvar:`HOME`,
 which is not normally set for regular user accounts. This makes them again
 behave like :func:`os.path.expanduser`, which was changed to ignore
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.9.0a5.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.9.0a5.rst
index 7f7480539f2f1b..9402e5077c2e77 100644
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.9.0a5.rst
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.9.0a5.rst
@@ -548,7 +548,7 @@ large for an AF_UNIX socket address. Patch by Pablo Galindo.
 .. nonce: mxr5m8
 .. section: Library
 
-:func:`ast.dump()` no longer outputs optional fields and attributes with
+:func:`ast.dump` no longer outputs optional fields and attributes with
 default values. The default values for optional fields and attributes of AST
 nodes are now set as class attributes (e.g. ``Constant.kind`` is set to
 ``None``).
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.9.0a6.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.9.0a6.rst
index b7ea1051c314f2..11309fccc0a20c 100644
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.9.0a6.rst
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.9.0a6.rst
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ str.decode().
 .. nonce: m15TTX
 .. section: Core and Builtins
 
-Fix possible refleaks in :mod:`_json`, memo of PyScannerObject should be
+Fix possible refleaks in :mod:`!_json`, memo of PyScannerObject should be
 traversed.
 
 ..
@@ -403,7 +403,7 @@ after encoding it to utf-8, not before.
 .. nonce: pDZR6V
 .. section: Library
 
-Added :meth:`pathlib.Path.with_stem()` to create a new Path with the stem
+Added :meth:`pathlib.Path.with_stem` to create a new Path with the stem
 replaced.
 
 ..
@@ -666,8 +666,8 @@ for _main_thread, instead of a _DummyThread instance.
 .. nonce: VTq_8s
 .. section: Library
 
-Add a private ``_at_fork_reinit()`` method to :class:`_thread.Lock`,
-:class:`_thread.RLock`, :class:`threading.RLock` and
+Add a private ``_at_fork_reinit()`` method to :class:`!_thread.Lock`,
+:class:`!_thread.RLock`, :class:`threading.RLock` and
 :class:`threading.Condition` classes: reinitialize the lock at fork in the
 child process, reset the lock to the unlocked state. Rename also the private
 ``_reset_internal_locks()`` method of :class:`threading.Event` to
@@ -866,7 +866,7 @@ of source of the class. Patch by Karthikeyan Singaravelan.
 .. nonce: vHC7YQ
 .. section: Library
 
-Deprecate passing None as an argument for :func:`shlex.split()`'s ``s``
+Deprecate passing None as an argument for :func:`shlex.split`'s ``s``
 parameter.  Patch by Zackery Spytz.
 
 ..
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.9.0b1.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.9.0b1.rst
index 40fb8474bf9364..9a3630ddf216a8 100644
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.9.0b1.rst
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.9.0b1.rst
@@ -532,7 +532,7 @@ Remove ``_random.Random.randbytes()``: the C implementation of
 .. section: Library
 
 Added default arguments to
-:meth:`difflib.SequenceMatcher.find_longest_match()`.
+:meth:`difflib.SequenceMatcher.find_longest_match`.
 
 ..
 
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Build/2024-03-03-20-28-23.gh-issue-115382.97hJFE.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Build/2024-03-03-20-28-23.gh-issue-115382.97hJFE.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..f8d19651fc5854
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Build/2024-03-03-20-28-23.gh-issue-115382.97hJFE.rst
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Fix cross compile failures when the host and target SOABIs match.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Build/2024-05-11-15-11-30.gh-issue-118943.VI_MnY.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Build/2024-05-11-15-11-30.gh-issue-118943.VI_MnY.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 4e886be034fb82..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Build/2024-05-11-15-11-30.gh-issue-118943.VI_MnY.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-Fix a possible race condition affecting parallel builds configured with
-``--enable-experimental-jit``, in which compilation errors could be caused
-by an incompletely-generated header file.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Build/2024-05-13-15-57-58.gh-issue-118836.7yN1iB.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Build/2024-05-13-15-57-58.gh-issue-118836.7yN1iB.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 5212af7b32b940..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Build/2024-05-13-15-57-58.gh-issue-118836.7yN1iB.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-Fix an ``AssertionError`` when building with ``--enable-experimental-jit``
-and the compiler emits a ``SHT_NOTE`` section.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Build/2024-05-17-19-53-27.gh-issue-119132.wepPgM.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Build/2024-05-17-19-53-27.gh-issue-119132.wepPgM.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 44fe2a1a1f6725..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Build/2024-05-17-19-53-27.gh-issue-119132.wepPgM.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-Update :data:`sys.version` to identify whether the build is default build or
-free-threading build. Patch By Donghee Na.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Build/2024-05-19-22-54-55.gh-issue-115119.DwMwev.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Build/2024-05-19-22-54-55.gh-issue-115119.DwMwev.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index acaca9e0ebbdfb..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Build/2024-05-19-22-54-55.gh-issue-115119.DwMwev.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Fall back to the bundled libmpdec if a system version cannot be found.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Build/2024-05-29-17-40-50.gh-issue-119729.k0xJ5U.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Build/2024-05-29-17-40-50.gh-issue-119729.k0xJ5U.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 7ac300ecf40326..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Build/2024-05-29-17-40-50.gh-issue-119729.k0xJ5U.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-On POSIX systems, the pkg-config (``.pc``) filenames now include the ABI
-flags, which may include debug ("d") and free-threaded ("t").  For example:
-* ``python-3.14.pc`` (default, non-debug build)
-* ``python-3.14d.pc`` (default, debug build)
-* ``python-3.14t.pc`` (free-threaded build)
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Build/2024-10-16-09-37-51.gh-issue-89640.UDsW-j.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Build/2024-10-16-09-37-51.gh-issue-89640.UDsW-j.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..5aba2c789b6842
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Build/2024-10-16-09-37-51.gh-issue-89640.UDsW-j.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Improve detection of float word ordering on Linux when link-time optimizations
+are enabled.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Build/2024-10-24-22-14-35.gh-issue-125940.2wMtTA.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Build/2024-10-24-22-14-35.gh-issue-125940.2wMtTA.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..2b4c1c95db8806
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Build/2024-10-24-22-14-35.gh-issue-125940.2wMtTA.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+The Android build now supports `16 KB page sizes
+<https://developer.android.com/guide/practices/page-sizes>`__.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Build/2024-10-25-00-29-15.gh-issue-125946.KPA3g0.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Build/2024-10-25-00-29-15.gh-issue-125946.KPA3g0.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..ecab57c8111d45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Build/2024-10-25-00-29-15.gh-issue-125946.KPA3g0.rst
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+The minimum supported Android version is now 7.0 (API level 24).
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/C API/2022-10-01-09-56-27.gh-issue-97588.Gvg54o.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/C API/2022-10-01-09-56-27.gh-issue-97588.Gvg54o.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 0bb0f5bcd501ef..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/C API/2022-10-01-09-56-27.gh-issue-97588.Gvg54o.rst	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-Fix creating bitfields in :mod:`ctypes` structures and unions. Fields
-no longer overlap.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/C API/2024-03-10-14-55-51.gh-issue-116560.x2mZaO.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/C API/2024-03-10-14-55-51.gh-issue-116560.x2mZaO.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 9bcadfd9247f78..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/C API/2024-03-10-14-55-51.gh-issue-116560.x2mZaO.rst	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Add :c:func:`PyLong_GetSign` function.  Patch by Sergey B Kirpichev.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/C API/2024-05-08-20-13-00.gh-issue-118789.m88uUa.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/C API/2024-05-08-20-13-00.gh-issue-118789.m88uUa.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index a2acc16b2c1d01..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/C API/2024-05-08-20-13-00.gh-issue-118789.m88uUa.rst	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-Restore ``_PyWeakref_ClearRef`` that was previously removed in Python 3.13
-alpha 1.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/C API/2024-05-08-23-14-06.gh-issue-116984.5sgcDo.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/C API/2024-05-08-23-14-06.gh-issue-116984.5sgcDo.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 561417b80d444d..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/C API/2024-05-08-23-14-06.gh-issue-116984.5sgcDo.rst	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-Make mimalloc includes relative to the current file to avoid embedders or
-extensions needing to include ``Internal/mimalloc`` if they are already
-including internal CPython headers.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/C API/2024-05-10-15-43-14.gh-issue-118771.5KVglT.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/C API/2024-05-10-15-43-14.gh-issue-118771.5KVglT.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 2ed8089dfe8444..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/C API/2024-05-10-15-43-14.gh-issue-118771.5KVglT.rst	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-Several C declarations with names that didn't start with the ``Py`` or ``_Py``
-prefixes, which were added by mistake in 3.13 alpha and beta releases, were
-moved to internal headers.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/C API/2024-05-20-10-35-22.gh-issue-111389.a6axBk.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/C API/2024-05-20-10-35-22.gh-issue-111389.a6axBk.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index f47662f2e0a778..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/C API/2024-05-20-10-35-22.gh-issue-111389.a6axBk.rst	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-Add :c:macro:`PyHASH_MULTIPLIER` constant: prime multiplier used in string
-and various other hashes. Patch by Victor Stinner.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/C API/2024-05-21-11-35-11.gh-issue-119247.U6n6mh.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/C API/2024-05-21-11-35-11.gh-issue-119247.U6n6mh.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 3b2cdc8cf2dc5c..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/C API/2024-05-21-11-35-11.gh-issue-119247.U6n6mh.rst	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-Added ``Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION_SEQUENCE_FAST`` and
-``Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION_SEQUENCE_FAST`` macros to make it possible to use
-PySequence_Fast APIs safely when free-threaded, and update str.join to work
-without the GIL using them.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/C API/2024-05-22-17-50-48.gh-issue-119336.ff3qnS.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/C API/2024-05-22-17-50-48.gh-issue-119336.ff3qnS.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index e530bb45d35e76..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/C API/2024-05-22-17-50-48.gh-issue-119336.ff3qnS.rst	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Restore the removed ``_PyLong_NumBits()`` function. It is used by the pywin32 project. Patch by Ethan Smith
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/C API/2024-05-29-09-21-37.gh-issue-119613.J2xfrC.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/C API/2024-05-29-09-21-37.gh-issue-119613.J2xfrC.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 196a4722a98c70..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/C API/2024-05-29-09-21-37.gh-issue-119613.J2xfrC.rst	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-Macros ``Py_IS_NAN``, ``Py_IS_INFINITY`` and ``Py_IS_FINITE``
-are :term:`soft deprecated`.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/C API/2024-05-29-21-05-59.gh-issue-119585.Sn7JL3.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/C API/2024-05-29-21-05-59.gh-issue-119585.Sn7JL3.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 038dec2dbf90d1..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/C API/2024-05-29-21-05-59.gh-issue-119585.Sn7JL3.rst	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-Fix crash when a thread state that was created by :c:func:`PyGILState_Ensure`
-calls a destructor that during :c:func:`PyThreadState_Clear` that
-calls back into :c:func:`PyGILState_Ensure` and :c:func:`PyGILState_Release`.
-This might occur when in the free-threaded build or when using thread-local
-variables whose destructors call :c:func:`PyGILState_Ensure`.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/C API/2024-05-30-12-51-21.gh-issue-119775.CBq9IG.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/C API/2024-05-30-12-51-21.gh-issue-119775.CBq9IG.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index c342a3814ed5db..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/C API/2024-05-30-12-51-21.gh-issue-119775.CBq9IG.rst	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-Creating :c:data:`immutable types <Py_TPFLAGS_IMMUTABLETYPE>` with mutable
-bases was deprecated since 3.12 and now raises a :exc:`TypeError`.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/C API/2024-06-04-10-58-20.gh-issue-119613.qOr9GF.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/C API/2024-06-04-10-58-20.gh-issue-119613.qOr9GF.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 11f075b79e6f67..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/C API/2024-06-04-10-58-20.gh-issue-119613.qOr9GF.rst	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-Soft deprecate the :c:macro:`!Py_MEMCPY` macro: use directly ``memcpy()``
-instead.  Patch by Victor Stinner.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/C_API/2024-07-30-14-40-08.gh-issue-121654.tgGeAl.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/C_API/2024-07-30-14-40-08.gh-issue-121654.tgGeAl.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..134d36c281ab21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/C_API/2024-07-30-14-40-08.gh-issue-121654.tgGeAl.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Add :c:func:`PyType_Freeze` function to make a type immutable. Patch by
+Victor Stinner.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/C_API/2024-10-16-19-28-23.gh-issue-125608.gTsU2g.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/C_API/2024-10-16-19-28-23.gh-issue-125608.gTsU2g.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..e70f9f173957a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/C_API/2024-10-16-19-28-23.gh-issue-125608.gTsU2g.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+Fix a bug where dictionary watchers (e.g., :c:func:`PyDict_Watch`) on an
+object's attribute dictionary (:attr:`~object.__dict__`) were not triggered
+when the object's attributes were modified.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2023-12-30-00-21-45.gh-issue-113570._XQgsW.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2023-12-30-00-21-45.gh-issue-113570._XQgsW.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..6e0f0afe05369b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2023-12-30-00-21-45.gh-issue-113570._XQgsW.rst	
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Fixed a bug in ``reprlib.repr`` where it incorrectly called the repr method on shadowed Python built-in types.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-03-25-15-07-01.gh-issue-117195.OWakgD.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-03-25-15-07-01.gh-issue-117195.OWakgD.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index ae1e5acc5c333b..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-03-25-15-07-01.gh-issue-117195.OWakgD.rst	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-Avoid assertion failure for debug builds when calling
-``object.__sizeof__(1)``
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-04-08-13-49-02.gh-issue-117558.9lSEpR.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-04-08-13-49-02.gh-issue-117558.9lSEpR.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 222c516d2ef1b9..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-04-08-13-49-02.gh-issue-117558.9lSEpR.rst	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-Improve error messages when a string, bytes or bytearray object of length 1
-is expected.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-04-28-19-51-00.gh-issue-118263.Gaap3S.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-04-28-19-51-00.gh-issue-118263.Gaap3S.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 165a1ba69a811b..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-04-28-19-51-00.gh-issue-118263.Gaap3S.rst	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Speed up :func:`os.path.splitroot` & :func:`os.path.normpath` with a direct C call.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-07-16-57-56.gh-issue-118561.wNMKVd.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-07-16-57-56.gh-issue-118561.wNMKVd.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index c506a8cefd00f1..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-07-16-57-56.gh-issue-118561.wNMKVd.rst	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-Fix race condition in free-threaded build where :meth:`!list.extend` could
-expose uninitialised memory to concurrent readers.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-08-09-44-15.gh-issue-118767.iFF5F5.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-08-09-44-15.gh-issue-118767.iFF5F5.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 4828f8fbf50cea..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-08-09-44-15.gh-issue-118767.iFF5F5.rst	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-Using :data:`NotImplemented` in a boolean context now raises
-:exc:`TypeError`. Contributed by Jelle Zijlstra.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-08-18-33-07.gh-issue-118507.OCQsAY.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-08-18-33-07.gh-issue-118507.OCQsAY.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index de1462f0d24fce..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-08-18-33-07.gh-issue-118507.OCQsAY.rst	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Speedup :func:`os.path.isjunction` and :func:`os.path.lexists` on Windows with a native implementation.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-09-02-37-25.gh-issue-118750.7aLfT-.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-09-02-37-25.gh-issue-118750.7aLfT-.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 727427d451d1e0..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-09-02-37-25.gh-issue-118750.7aLfT-.rst	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-If the C version of the ``decimal`` module is available, ``int(str)`` now uses it to supply an asymptotically much faster conversion. However, this only applies if the string contains over about 2 million digits.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-09-19-47-12.gh-issue-117657.Vn0Yey.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-09-19-47-12.gh-issue-117657.Vn0Yey.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index db4c5813ca610c..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-09-19-47-12.gh-issue-117657.Vn0Yey.rst	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Fix data races on the field that stores a pointer to the interpreter's main thread that occur in free-threaded builds.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-10-19-54-18.gh-issue-118921.O4ztZG.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-10-19-54-18.gh-issue-118921.O4ztZG.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 39ccf472067cfd..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-10-19-54-18.gh-issue-118921.O4ztZG.rst	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Add ``copy()`` method for ``FrameLocalsProxy`` which returns a snapshot ``dict`` for local variables.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-11-21-44-17.gh-issue-118844.q2H_km.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-11-21-44-17.gh-issue-118844.q2H_km.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 6e80b773889413..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-11-21-44-17.gh-issue-118844.q2H_km.rst	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Fix build failures when configuring with both ``--disable-gil`` and ``--enable-experimental-jit``.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-12-03-10-36.gh-issue-118950.5Wc4vp.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-12-03-10-36.gh-issue-118950.5Wc4vp.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..82be975f4d808d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-12-03-10-36.gh-issue-118950.5Wc4vp.rst	
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Fix bug where SSLProtocol.connection_lost wasn't getting called when OSError was thrown on writing to socket.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-15-12-15-58.gh-issue-119057.P3G9G2.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-15-12-15-58.gh-issue-119057.P3G9G2.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index d252888906c348..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-15-12-15-58.gh-issue-119057.P3G9G2.rst	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-Improve :exc:`ZeroDivisionError` error message.
-Now, all error messages are harmonized: all ``/``, ``//``, and ``%``
-operations just use "division by zero" message.
-And ``0 ** -1`` operation uses "zero to a negative power".
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-16-23-02-03.gh-issue-119049.qpd_S-.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-16-23-02-03.gh-issue-119049.qpd_S-.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 1d7aad8d1e5be6..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-16-23-02-03.gh-issue-119049.qpd_S-.rst	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-Fix displaying the source line for warnings created by the C API if the
-:mod:`warnings` module had not yet been imported.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-20-10-10-51.gh-issue-119180.35xqpu.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-20-10-10-51.gh-issue-119180.35xqpu.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 5a88ce097274fb..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-20-10-10-51.gh-issue-119180.35xqpu.rst	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-Add an ``__annotate__`` attribute to functions, classes, and modules as part
-of :pep:`649`. Patch by Jelle Zijlstra.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-20-14-57-39.gh-issue-118692.Qadm7F.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-20-14-57-39.gh-issue-118692.Qadm7F.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 11d177886df5b5..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-20-14-57-39.gh-issue-118692.Qadm7F.rst	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Avoid creating unnecessary :exc:`StopIteration` instances for monitoring.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-21-09-46-51.gh-issue-119011.WOe3bu.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-21-09-46-51.gh-issue-119011.WOe3bu.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 0083c18da13278..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-21-09-46-51.gh-issue-119011.WOe3bu.rst	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-Fixes ``type.__type_params__`` to return an empty tuple instead of a
-descriptor.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-21-11-27-14.gh-issue-119213.nxjxrt.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-21-11-27-14.gh-issue-119213.nxjxrt.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index e9073b4ba08798..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-21-11-27-14.gh-issue-119213.nxjxrt.rst	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-Non-builtin modules built with argument clinic were crashing if used in a
-subinterpreter before the main interpreter.  The objects that were causing
-the problem by leaking between interpreters carelessly have been fixed.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-21-12-17-02.gh-issue-119180.UNDUb9.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-21-12-17-02.gh-issue-119180.UNDUb9.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 54c6639e0fa524..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-21-12-17-02.gh-issue-119180.UNDUb9.rst	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-Replace :opcode:`!LOAD_ASSERTION_ERROR` opcode with :opcode:`LOAD_COMMON_CONSTANT`
-and add support for :exc:`NotImplementedError`.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-23-06-34-14.gh-issue-119395.z-Hsqb.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-23-06-34-14.gh-issue-119395.z-Hsqb.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 24cd90a8e5e5db..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-23-06-34-14.gh-issue-119395.z-Hsqb.rst	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-Fix bug where names appearing after a generic class are mangled as if they
-are in the generic class.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-23-06-34-45.gh-issue-119311.2DBwKR.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-23-06-34-45.gh-issue-119311.2DBwKR.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 9e0db37340c49a..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-23-06-34-45.gh-issue-119311.2DBwKR.rst	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-Fix bug where names are unexpectedly mangled in the bases of generic
-classes.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-24-21-04-00.gh-issue-119525.zLFLf1.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-24-21-04-00.gh-issue-119525.zLFLf1.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 83c29a16e572d7..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-24-21-04-00.gh-issue-119525.zLFLf1.rst	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-Fix deadlock involving ``_PyType_Lookup()`` cache in the free-threaded build
-when the GIL is dynamically enabled at runtime.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-24-21-16-52.gh-issue-119369.qBThho.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-24-21-16-52.gh-issue-119369.qBThho.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 7abdd5cd85ccd6..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-24-21-16-52.gh-issue-119369.qBThho.rst	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-Fix deadlock during thread deletion in free-threaded build, which could
-occur when the GIL was enabled at runtime.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-25-12-52-25.gh-issue-119560.wSlm8q.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-25-12-52-25.gh-issue-119560.wSlm8q.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 3a28a94df0f7cf..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-25-12-52-25.gh-issue-119560.wSlm8q.rst	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-An invalid assert in beta 1 has been removed.  The assert would fail if
-``PyState_FindModule()`` was used in an extension module's init function
-before the module def had been initialized.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-25-13-51-48.gh-issue-111999.L0q1gh.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-25-13-51-48.gh-issue-111999.L0q1gh.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 4b1ca6ca5b0765..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-25-13-51-48.gh-issue-111999.L0q1gh.rst	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Fix the signature of :meth:`str.format_map`.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-25-16-45-27.gh-issue-119548.pqF9Y6.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-25-16-45-27.gh-issue-119548.pqF9Y6.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 0318790d46f0a3..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-25-16-45-27.gh-issue-119548.pqF9Y6.rst	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Add a ``clear`` command to the REPL. Patch by Pablo Galindo
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-27-19-13-49.gh-issue-109218.-sdDg0.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-27-19-13-49.gh-issue-109218.-sdDg0.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index db762174a8c1e1..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-27-19-13-49.gh-issue-109218.-sdDg0.rst	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-:func:`complex` accepts now a string only as a positional argument. Passing
-a complex number as the "real" or "imag" argument is deprecated; it should
-only be passed as a single positional argument.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-28-22-49-56.gh-issue-119689.VwLFD5.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-28-22-49-56.gh-issue-119689.VwLFD5.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 56be31326216eb..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-28-22-49-56.gh-issue-119689.VwLFD5.rst	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Generate stack effect metadata for pseudo instructions from bytecodes.c.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-29-18-53-43.gh-issue-119740.zP2JNM.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-29-18-53-43.gh-issue-119740.zP2JNM.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 111e096d262ea0..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-29-18-53-43.gh-issue-119740.zP2JNM.rst	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-Remove the previously-deprecated delegation of :func:`int` to
-:meth:`~object.__trunc__`.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-30-23-01-00.gh-issue-119821.jPGfvt.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-30-23-01-00.gh-issue-119821.jPGfvt.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index cc25eee6dd6ae4..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-30-23-01-00.gh-issue-119821.jPGfvt.rst	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-Fix execution of :ref:`annotation scopes <annotation-scopes>` within classes
-when ``globals`` is set to a non-dict. Patch by Jelle Zijlstra.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-31-08-23-41.gh-issue-119180.KL4VxZ.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-31-08-23-41.gh-issue-119180.KL4VxZ.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 1e5ad7d08eed7c..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-31-08-23-41.gh-issue-119180.KL4VxZ.rst	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-:func:`classmethod` and :func:`staticmethod` now wrap the
-:attr:`__annotations__` and :attr:`!__annotate__` attributes of their
-underlying callable lazily. See :pep:`649`. Patch by Jelle Zijlstra.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-31-12-06-11.gh-issue-119842.tCGVsv.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-31-12-06-11.gh-issue-119842.tCGVsv.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 2fcb170f6226e5..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-05-31-12-06-11.gh-issue-119842.tCGVsv.rst	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Honor :c:func:`PyOS_InputHook` in the new REPL. Patch by Pablo Galindo
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-06-02-06-12-35.gh-issue-119879.Jit951.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-06-02-06-12-35.gh-issue-119879.Jit951.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 89de6b0299a35a..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-06-02-06-12-35.gh-issue-119879.Jit951.rst	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-String search is now slightly faster for certain cases. It now utilizes last character gap (good suffix rule) for two-way periodic needles.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-06-03-13-25-04.gh-issue-119724.EH1dkA.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-06-03-13-25-04.gh-issue-119724.EH1dkA.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 78dc48da934cf6..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-06-03-13-25-04.gh-issue-119724.EH1dkA.rst	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-Reverted improvements to error messages for ``elif``/``else`` statements not
-matching any valid statements, which made in hard to locate the syntax
-errors inside those ``elif``/``else`` blocks.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-06-05-08-39-40.gh-issue-120080.DJFK11.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-06-05-08-39-40.gh-issue-120080.DJFK11.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 8c5602fcdb4ad2..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-06-05-08-39-40.gh-issue-120080.DJFK11.rst	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-Direct call to the :meth:`!int.__round__` now accepts ``None``
-as a valid argument.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-06-05-18-29-18.gh-issue-93691.6OautB.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-06-05-18-29-18.gh-issue-93691.6OautB.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index c06d5a276c03eb..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-06-05-18-29-18.gh-issue-93691.6OautB.rst	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Fix source locations of instructions generated for with statements.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-10-18-10-11-43.gh-issue-125593.Q97m3A.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-10-18-10-11-43.gh-issue-125593.Q97m3A.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..220e94467af849
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-10-18-10-11-43.gh-issue-125593.Q97m3A.rst	
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Use color to highlight error locations in traceback from exception group
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-10-26-13-32-48.gh-issue-126012.2KalhG.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-10-26-13-32-48.gh-issue-126012.2KalhG.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..5307920ddcf200
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-10-26-13-32-48.gh-issue-126012.2KalhG.rst	
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+The :class:`memoryview` type now supports subscription, making it a
+:term:`generic type`.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2024-09-11-01-32-07.gh-issue-123930.BkPfB6.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2024-09-11-01-32-07.gh-issue-123930.BkPfB6.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..3c8eb02b2dc2d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2024-09-11-01-32-07.gh-issue-123930.BkPfB6.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Improve the error message when a script shadowing a module from the standard
+library causes :exc:`ImportError` to be raised during a "from" import.
+Similarly, improve the error message when a script shadowing a third party module
+attempts to "from" import an attribute from that third party module while still initialising.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2024-10-09-13-53-50.gh-issue-125038.ffSLCz.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2024-10-09-13-53-50.gh-issue-125038.ffSLCz.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..15de48ec0e4450
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2024-10-09-13-53-50.gh-issue-125038.ffSLCz.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Fix crash when iterating over a generator expression after direct changes on ``gi_frame.f_locals``.
+Patch by Mikhail Efimov.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2024-10-16-12-12-39.gh-issue-125444.9tG2X6.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2024-10-16-12-12-39.gh-issue-125444.9tG2X6.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..13c1e745edf8d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2024-10-16-12-12-39.gh-issue-125444.9tG2X6.rst
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Fix illegal instruction for older Arm architectures. Patch by Diego Russo, testing by Ross Burton.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2024-10-16-23-06-06.gh-issue-125017.fcltj0.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2024-10-16-23-06-06.gh-issue-125017.fcltj0.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..11c526643c3122
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2024-10-16-23-06-06.gh-issue-125017.fcltj0.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Fix crash on certain accesses to the ``__annotations__`` of
+:class:`staticmethod` and :class:`classmethod` objects.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2024-10-18-16-00-10.gh-issue-125703.QRoqMo.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2024-10-18-16-00-10.gh-issue-125703.QRoqMo.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..7cbfa725e78cef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2024-10-18-16-00-10.gh-issue-125703.QRoqMo.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Correctly honour :mod:`tracemalloc` hooks in specialized ``Py_DECREF``
+paths. Patch by Pablo Galindo
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2024-10-23-14-05-47.gh-issue-125868.uLfXYB.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2024-10-23-14-05-47.gh-issue-125868.uLfXYB.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..dea250e7166ec6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2024-10-23-14-05-47.gh-issue-125868.uLfXYB.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+It was possible in 3.14.0a1 only for attribute lookup to give the wrong
+value. This was due to an incorrect specialization in very specific
+circumstances. This is fixed in 3.14.0a2.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2024-10-23-14-42-27.gh-issue-125859.m3EF9E.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2024-10-23-14-42-27.gh-issue-125859.m3EF9E.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..d36aa8fbe7482f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2024-10-23-14-42-27.gh-issue-125859.m3EF9E.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Fix a crash in the free threading build when :func:`gc.get_objects` or
+:func:`gc.get_referrers` is called during an in-progress garbage collection.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2024-10-24-22-43-03.gh-issue-125942.3UQht1.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2024-10-24-22-43-03.gh-issue-125942.3UQht1.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..d1b1ecd2a724ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2024-10-24-22-43-03.gh-issue-125942.3UQht1.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+On Android, the ``errors`` setting of :any:`sys.stdout` was changed from
+``surrogateescape`` to ``backslashreplace``.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2024-10-26-23-50-03.gh-issue-126018.Hq-qcM.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2024-10-26-23-50-03.gh-issue-126018.Hq-qcM.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..e019408638997b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2024-10-26-23-50-03.gh-issue-126018.Hq-qcM.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Fix a crash in :func:`sys.audit` when passing a non-string as first argument
+and Python was compiled in debug mode.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Documentation/2024-10-10-23-46-54.gh-issue-125277.QAby09.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Documentation/2024-10-10-23-46-54.gh-issue-125277.QAby09.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..fcd6e22c27b5f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Documentation/2024-10-10-23-46-54.gh-issue-125277.QAby09.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Require Sphinx 7.2.6 or later to build the Python documentation.
+Patch by Adam Turner.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2019-08-27-01-16-50.gh-issue-67693.4NIAiy.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2019-08-27-01-16-50.gh-issue-67693.4NIAiy.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 22457df03e65c9..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2019-08-27-01-16-50.gh-issue-67693.4NIAiy.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-Fix :func:`urllib.parse.urlunparse` and :func:`urllib.parse.urlunsplit` for URIs with path starting with multiple slashes and no authority.
-Based on patch by Ashwin Ramaswami.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2020-03-28-21-00-54.bpo-15987.aBL8XS.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2020-03-28-21-00-54.bpo-15987.aBL8XS.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index b906393449656d..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2020-03-28-21-00-54.bpo-15987.aBL8XS.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-Implemented :func:`ast.compare` for comparing two ASTs. Patch by Batuhan
-Taskaya with some help from Jeremy Hylton.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2022-03-10-16-47-57.bpo-45767.ywmyo1.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2022-03-10-16-47-57.bpo-45767.ywmyo1.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 0cdf1e84157777..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2022-03-10-16-47-57.bpo-45767.ywmyo1.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-Fix integer conversion in :func:`os.major`, :func:`os.minor`, and
-:func:`os.makedev`. Support device numbers larger than ``2**63-1``. Support
-non-existent device number (``NODEV``).
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2023-03-30-18-19-53.gh-issue-103134.bHrn91.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2023-03-30-18-19-53.gh-issue-103134.bHrn91.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 11559dce0ae2b4..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2023-03-30-18-19-53.gh-issue-103134.bHrn91.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-Add additional methods to :ref:`proxy objects <multiprocessing-proxy_objects>`
-in the :mod:`!multiprocessing` module:
-
-* :meth:`!clear` and :meth:`!copy` for proxies of :class:`list`
-* :meth:`~dict.fromkeys`, ``reversed(d)``, ``d | {}``, ``{} | d``,
-  ``d |= {'b': 2}`` for proxies of :class:`dict`
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2023-04-10-00-04-37.gh-issue-87106.UyBnPQ.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2023-04-10-00-04-37.gh-issue-87106.UyBnPQ.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 2c736e72476313..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2023-04-10-00-04-37.gh-issue-87106.UyBnPQ.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-Fixed handling in :meth:`inspect.Signature.bind` of keyword arguments having
-the same name as positional-only arguments when a variadic keyword argument
-(e.g. ``**kwargs``) is present.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2023-04-24-05-34-23.gh-issue-103194.GwBwWL.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2023-04-24-05-34-23.gh-issue-103194.GwBwWL.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 3f70168b81069e..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2023-04-24-05-34-23.gh-issue-103194.GwBwWL.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-Prepare Tkinter for C API changes in Tcl 8.7/9.0 to avoid
-:class:`_tkinter.Tcl_Obj` being unexpectedly returned
-instead of :class:`bool`, :class:`str`,
-:class:`bytearray`, or :class:`int`.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2023-04-26-22-24-17.gh-issue-92081.V8xMot.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2023-04-26-22-24-17.gh-issue-92081.V8xMot.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 0302e957b884cf..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2023-04-26-22-24-17.gh-issue-92081.V8xMot.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Fix missing spaces in email headers when the spaces are mixed with encoded 8-bit characters.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2023-04-28-09-54-15.gh-issue-103956.EyLDPS.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2023-04-28-09-54-15.gh-issue-103956.EyLDPS.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 4ce1491ffa91e2..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2023-04-28-09-54-15.gh-issue-103956.EyLDPS.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Fix lack of newline characters in :mod:`trace` module output when line tracing is enabled but source code line for current frame is not available.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-01-12-08-51-03.gh-issue-113978.MqTgB0.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-01-12-08-51-03.gh-issue-113978.MqTgB0.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index b8f9f255e0a75d..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-01-12-08-51-03.gh-issue-113978.MqTgB0.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Ignore warnings on text completion inside REPL.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-01-18-21-44-23.gh-issue-114264.DBKn29.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-01-18-21-44-23.gh-issue-114264.DBKn29.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 069ac68b4f3a95..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-01-18-21-44-23.gh-issue-114264.DBKn29.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Improve performance of :func:`copy.deepcopy` by adding a fast path for atomic types.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-03-19-21-41-31.gh-issue-106531.Mgd--6.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-03-19-21-41-31.gh-issue-106531.Mgd--6.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 6a5783c5ad9846..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-03-19-21-41-31.gh-issue-106531.Mgd--6.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-In :mod:`importlib.resources`, sync with `importlib_resources 6.3.2
-<https://importlib-resources.readthedocs.io/en/latest/history.html#v6-3-2>`_,
-including: ``MultiplexedPath`` now expects ``Traversable`` paths,
-deprecating string arguments to ``MultiplexedPath``; Enabled support for
-resources in namespace packages in zip files; Fixed ``NotADirectoryError``
-when calling files on a subdirectory of a namespace package.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-04-19-14-59-53.gh-issue-118033.amS4Gw.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-04-19-14-59-53.gh-issue-118033.amS4Gw.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 7ceb29330abf22..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-04-19-14-59-53.gh-issue-118033.amS4Gw.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-Fix :func:`dataclasses.dataclass` not creating a ``__weakref__`` slot when
-subclassing :class:`typing.Generic`.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-01-22-24-05.gh-issue-110863.GjYBbq.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-01-22-24-05.gh-issue-110863.GjYBbq.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 37e27a6e37c7d0..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-01-22-24-05.gh-issue-110863.GjYBbq.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-:func:`os.path.realpath` now suppresses any :exc:`OSError` from
-:func:`os.readlink` when *strict* mode is disabled (the default).
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-06-17-39-52.gh-issue-118673.sTXBit.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-06-17-39-52.gh-issue-118673.sTXBit.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index f0a87d2a91df3c..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-06-17-39-52.gh-issue-118673.sTXBit.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Removed executable bits and shebang from stdlib modules.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-08-09-21-49.gh-issue-118772.c16E8X.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-08-09-21-49.gh-issue-118772.c16E8X.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 474454b36da956..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-08-09-21-49.gh-issue-118772.c16E8X.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-Allow :class:`typing.TypeVar` instances without a default to follow
-instances without a default in some cases. Patch by Jelle Zijlstra.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-08-18-59-19.gh-issue-78707._Lz1sw.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-08-18-59-19.gh-issue-78707._Lz1sw.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index c73bab97b75838..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-08-18-59-19.gh-issue-78707._Lz1sw.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-Drop support for passing additional positional arguments to
-:meth:`pathlib.PurePath.relative_to` and
-:meth:`~pathlib.PurePath.is_relative_to`.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-08-19-47-34.gh-issue-101357.e4R_9x.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-08-19-47-34.gh-issue-101357.e4R_9x.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index c99a7e5f024823..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-08-19-47-34.gh-issue-101357.e4R_9x.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-Suppress all :exc:`OSError` exceptions from :meth:`pathlib.Path.exists` and
-``is_*()`` methods, rather than a selection of more common errors. The new
-behaviour is consistent with :func:`os.path.exists`, :func:`os.path.isdir`,
-etc. Use :meth:`pathlib.Path.stat` to retrieve the file status without
-suppressing exceptions.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-08-20-41-48.gh-issue-74033.YebHZj.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-08-20-41-48.gh-issue-74033.YebHZj.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index e6ff47e1a3e57b..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-08-20-41-48.gh-issue-74033.YebHZj.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Drop support for passing keyword arguments to :class:`pathlib.Path`.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-08-21-13-56.gh-issue-118760.mdmH3T.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-08-21-13-56.gh-issue-118760.mdmH3T.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 89ef9334fbc65d..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-08-21-13-56.gh-issue-118760.mdmH3T.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Fix errors in calling Tkinter bindings on Windows.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-08-21-30-33.gh-issue-118760.XvyMHn.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-08-21-30-33.gh-issue-118760.XvyMHn.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 0e2712c26b1c13..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-08-21-30-33.gh-issue-118760.XvyMHn.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Restore the default value of ``tkiter.wantobjects`` to ``1``.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-08-23-16-50.gh-issue-118798.Q_ybqP.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-08-23-16-50.gh-issue-118798.Q_ybqP.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 28847e13207ffe..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-08-23-16-50.gh-issue-118798.Q_ybqP.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-The *isdst* parameter has been removed from :func:`email.utils.localtime`.
-Patch by Hugo van Kemenade.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-09-00-52-30.gh-issue-118803.Wv3AvU.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-09-00-52-30.gh-issue-118803.Wv3AvU.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 2d86dff57faf72..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-09-00-52-30.gh-issue-118803.Wv3AvU.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-:class:`!typing.ByteString` and :class:`!collections.abc.ByteString` are
-removed. They had previously raised a :exc:`DeprecationWarning` since Python
-3.12.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-09-01-05-52.gh-issue-118805.N7dm07.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-09-01-05-52.gh-issue-118805.N7dm07.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 4f1db04d8bd67f..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-09-01-05-52.gh-issue-118805.N7dm07.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-Remove *type*, *choices*, and *metavar* parameters of
-:class:`!argparse.BooleanOptionalAction`.
-They were deprecated since Python 3.12.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-09-02-43-37.gh-issue-101588.30bNAr.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-09-02-43-37.gh-issue-101588.30bNAr.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 3e0f496047bc8e..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-09-02-43-37.gh-issue-101588.30bNAr.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-Remove copy, deepcopy, and pickle from itertools. These had previously
-raised a DeprecationWarning since Python 3.12.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-09-08-46-12.gh-issue-118851.aPAoJw.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-09-08-46-12.gh-issue-118851.aPAoJw.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index d036d0cda617ef..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-09-08-46-12.gh-issue-118851.aPAoJw.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-``ctx`` arguments to the constructors of :mod:`ast` node classes now default
-to :class:`ast.Load() <ast.Load>`. Patch by Jelle Zijlstra.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-09-11-50-26.gh-issue-118824.-jBJQC.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-09-11-50-26.gh-issue-118824.-jBJQC.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index c9254f1b9dbea8..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-09-11-50-26.gh-issue-118824.-jBJQC.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-Remove deprecated :func:`!pty.master_open` and :func:`!pty.slave_open`.
-Use :func:`pty.openpty` instead.
-Patch by Nikita Sobolev.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-09-12-33-25.gh-issue-118827.JrzHz1.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-09-12-33-25.gh-issue-118827.JrzHz1.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 40612dd93bd6da..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-09-12-33-25.gh-issue-118827.JrzHz1.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-Remove deprecated :class:`!Quoter` class from :mod:`urllib.parse`. It had
-previously raised a :exc:`DeprecationWarning` since Python 3.11.
-Patch by Nikita Sobolev.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-09-21-36-11.gh-issue-118868.uckxxP.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-09-21-36-11.gh-issue-118868.uckxxP.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 372a809d9594b0..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-09-21-36-11.gh-issue-118868.uckxxP.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-Fixed issue where kwargs were no longer passed to the logging handler
-QueueHandler
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-10-05-24-32.gh-issue-118895.wUm5r2.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-10-05-24-32.gh-issue-118895.wUm5r2.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 226c8d612a039c..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-10-05-24-32.gh-issue-118895.wUm5r2.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-Setting attributes on :data:`typing.NoDefault` now raises
-:exc:`AttributeError` instead of :exc:`TypeError`.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-10-22-36-01.gh-issue-118928.IW7Ukv.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-10-22-36-01.gh-issue-118928.IW7Ukv.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 91c95e4a5395d4..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-10-22-36-01.gh-issue-118928.IW7Ukv.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-Disallow using a sequence of parameters with named placeholders in
-:mod:`sqlite3` queries. Patch by Erlend E. Aasland.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-10-22-59-01.gh-issue-118924.9nyvSH.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-10-22-59-01.gh-issue-118924.9nyvSH.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 36581dbb9bb11b..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-10-22-59-01.gh-issue-118924.9nyvSH.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-Remove :data:`!version` and :data:`!version_info` from :mod:`sqlite3`.
-Patch by Hugo van Kemenade.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-11-20-23-45.gh-issue-82805.F9bz4J.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-11-20-23-45.gh-issue-82805.F9bz4J.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 8715deda7d9c41..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-11-20-23-45.gh-issue-82805.F9bz4J.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-Support single-dot file extensions in :attr:`pathlib.PurePath.suffix` and
-related attributes and methods. For example, the
-:attr:`~pathlib.PurePath.suffixes` of ``PurePath('foo.bar.')`` are now
-``['.bar', '.']`` rather than ``[]``. This brings file extension splitting
-in line with :func:`os.path.splitext`.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-12-21-38-42.gh-issue-58933.0kgU2l.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-12-21-38-42.gh-issue-58933.0kgU2l.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index fa70b954e1e9ee..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-12-21-38-42.gh-issue-58933.0kgU2l.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Make :mod:`pdb` return to caller frame correctly when ``f_trace`` of the caller frame is not set
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-13-10-09-41.gh-issue-118986.-r4W9h.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-13-10-09-41.gh-issue-118986.-r4W9h.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..196da60a950bfb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-13-10-09-41.gh-issue-118986.-r4W9h.rst
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Add :data:`!socket.IPV6_RECVERR` constant (available since Linux 2.2).
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-16-17-31-46.gh-issue-118643.hAWH4C.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-16-17-31-46.gh-issue-118643.hAWH4C.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index e86a49af74c9d6..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-16-17-31-46.gh-issue-118643.hAWH4C.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-Fix an AttributeError in the :mod:`email` module when re-fold a long address
-list. Also fix more cases of incorrect encoding of the address separator in the address list.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-17-17-32-12.gh-issue-119113.kEv1Ll.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-17-17-32-12.gh-issue-119113.kEv1Ll.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 195be067138b2e..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-17-17-32-12.gh-issue-119113.kEv1Ll.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-Fix issue where :meth:`pathlib.PurePath.with_suffix` didn't raise
-:exc:`TypeError` when given ``None`` as a suffix.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-19-12-25-36.gh-issue-119105.VcR4ig.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-19-12-25-36.gh-issue-119105.VcR4ig.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 30b5f97b8059f9..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-19-12-25-36.gh-issue-119105.VcR4ig.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-``difflib.Differ`` is much faster for some cases of diffs where many pairs of lines are equally similar.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-19-13-05-59.gh-issue-119121.P1gnh1.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-19-13-05-59.gh-issue-119121.P1gnh1.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index fd562ea4f73317..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-19-13-05-59.gh-issue-119121.P1gnh1.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-Fix a NameError happening in ``asyncio.staggered.staggered_race``. This
-function is now tested.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-19-18-49-04.gh-issue-119174.5GTv7d.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-19-18-49-04.gh-issue-119174.5GTv7d.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 7b467b9ebd0d80..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-19-18-49-04.gh-issue-119174.5GTv7d.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-Fix high DPI causes turtledemo(turtle-graphics examples) windows blurry
-Patch by Wulian233 and Terry Jan Reedy
-
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-20-13-48-37.gh-issue-119189.dhJVs5.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-20-13-48-37.gh-issue-119189.dhJVs5.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index e5cfbcf95a0b81..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-20-13-48-37.gh-issue-119189.dhJVs5.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-When using the ``**`` operator or :func:`pow` with :class:`~fractions.Fraction`
-as the base and an exponent that is not rational, a float, or a complex, the
-fraction is no longer converted to a float.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-20-20-30-57.gh-issue-111201.DAA5lC.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-20-20-30-57.gh-issue-111201.DAA5lC.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 15cd79dec378ee..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-20-20-30-57.gh-issue-111201.DAA5lC.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Remove dependency to :mod:`readline` from the new Python REPL.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-21-19-10-30.gh-issue-115225.eRmfJH.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-21-19-10-30.gh-issue-115225.eRmfJH.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 2b65eaa6dd70ad..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-21-19-10-30.gh-issue-115225.eRmfJH.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Raise error on certain technically valid but pathological ISO 8601 strings passed to :meth:`datetime.time.fromisoformat` that were previously parsed incorrectly.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-21-20-13-23.gh-issue-118911.iG8nMq.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-21-20-13-23.gh-issue-118911.iG8nMq.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 4f15c1b67c9774..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-21-20-13-23.gh-issue-118911.iG8nMq.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-In PyREPL, updated ``maybe-accept``'s logic so that if the user hits
-:kbd:`Enter` twice, they are able to terminate the block even if there's
-trailing whitespace. Also, now when the user hits arrow up, the cursor
-is on the last functional line. This matches IPython's behavior.
-Patch by Aya Elsayed.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-22-21-20-43.gh-issue-118894.xHdxR_.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-22-21-20-43.gh-issue-118894.xHdxR_.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index ffc4ae336dc54f..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-22-21-20-43.gh-issue-118894.xHdxR_.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-:mod:`asyncio` REPL now has the same capabilities as PyREPL.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-23-11-52-36.gh-issue-117398.2FG1Mk.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-23-11-52-36.gh-issue-117398.2FG1Mk.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index ac595f1b7fc84c..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-23-11-52-36.gh-issue-117398.2FG1Mk.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-Objects in the datetime C-API are now all statically allocated, which means
-better memory safety, especially when the module is reloaded. This should be
-transparent to users.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-23-15-48-17.gh-issue-119461.82KqUW.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-23-15-48-17.gh-issue-119461.82KqUW.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 48e18f42b5556a..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-23-15-48-17.gh-issue-119461.82KqUW.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Add ``socket.VMADDR_CID_LOCAL`` constant. Patch by Victor Stinner.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-23-22-29-59.gh-issue-119443.KAGz6S.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-23-22-29-59.gh-issue-119443.KAGz6S.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 4470c566a37d88..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-23-22-29-59.gh-issue-119443.KAGz6S.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-The interactive REPL no longer runs with ``from __future__ import
-annotations`` enabled. Patch by Jelle Zijlstra.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-24-04-05-37.gh-issue-119105.aDSRFn.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-24-04-05-37.gh-issue-119105.aDSRFn.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 3205061a68ce7f..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-24-04-05-37.gh-issue-119105.aDSRFn.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-``difflib``'s ``DIffer.compare()`` (and so also ``ndiff``) can no longer be provoked into cubic-time behavior, or into unbounded recursion, and should generally be faster in ordinary cases too. Results may change in some cases, although that should be rare. Correctness of diffs is not affected. Some similar lines far apart may be reported as deleting one and adding the other, where before they were displayed on adjacent output lines with markup showing the intraline differences.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-24-11-47-08.gh-issue-69214.Grl6zF.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-24-11-47-08.gh-issue-69214.Grl6zF.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 8c3a36c9f56475..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-24-11-47-08.gh-issue-69214.Grl6zF.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-Fix ``fcntl.ioctl()`` *request* parameter: use an ``unsigned long`` instead of
-an ``unsigned int`` for the *request* parameter of :func:`fcntl.ioctl` to
-support requests larger than ``UINT_MAX``. Patch by Victor Stinner.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-24-14-32-24.gh-issue-119506.-nMNqq.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-24-14-32-24.gh-issue-119506.-nMNqq.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index f9b764ae0c49b3..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-24-14-32-24.gh-issue-119506.-nMNqq.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Fix :meth:`!io.TextIOWrapper.write` method breaks internal buffer when the method is called again during flushing internal buffer.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-24-21-54-55.gh-issue-113892.JKDFqq.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-24-21-54-55.gh-issue-113892.JKDFqq.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 639d5abe878344..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-24-21-54-55.gh-issue-113892.JKDFqq.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-Now, the method ``sock_connect`` of :class:`asyncio.ProactorEventLoop`
-raises a :exc:`ValueError` if given socket is not in
-non-blocking mode, as well as in other loop implementations.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-25-07-25-07.gh-issue-117865.1A0Xpi.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-25-07-25-07.gh-issue-117865.1A0Xpi.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 48cd390d1bb128..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-25-07-25-07.gh-issue-117865.1A0Xpi.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-Improve the import time of the :mod:`ast` module by deferring the import of
-:mod:`re`. Patch by Jelle Zijlstra.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-25-20-15-26.gh-issue-119555.mvHbEL.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-25-20-15-26.gh-issue-119555.mvHbEL.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index e16cb28b471a7a..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-25-20-15-26.gh-issue-119555.mvHbEL.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-Catch :exc:`SyntaxError` from :func:`compile` in the runsource() method of
-the InteractiveColoredConsole.  Patch by Sergey B Kirpichev.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-25-20-20-42.gh-issue-119562.DyplWc.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-25-20-20-42.gh-issue-119562.DyplWc.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index dd23466b9d2cef..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-25-20-20-42.gh-issue-119562.DyplWc.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-Remove :class:`!ast.Num`, :class:`!ast.Str`, :class:`!ast.Bytes`,
-:class:`!ast.NameConstant` and :class:`!ast.Ellipsis`. They had all emitted
-deprecation warnings since Python 3.12. Patch by Alex Waygood.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-26-21-28-11.gh-issue-119588.wlLBK5.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-26-21-28-11.gh-issue-119588.wlLBK5.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 01321d8bfe2ad5..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-26-21-28-11.gh-issue-119588.wlLBK5.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-``zipfile.Path.is_symlink`` now assesses if the given path is a symlink.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-26-22-22-51.gh-issue-119594.fnQNM8.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-26-22-22-51.gh-issue-119594.fnQNM8.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index d2de5273edf571..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-26-22-22-51.gh-issue-119594.fnQNM8.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-If one calls pow(fractions.Fraction, x, module) with modulo not None, the error message now says that the types are incompatible rather than saying pow only takes 2 arguments. Patch by Wim Jeantine-Glenn and Mark Dickinson.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-28-00-56-59.gh-issue-89727._bxoL3.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-28-00-56-59.gh-issue-89727._bxoL3.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 92222bc673350f..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-28-00-56-59.gh-issue-89727._bxoL3.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-Fix issue with :func:`os.fwalk` where a :exc:`RecursionError` was raised on
-deep directory trees by adjusting the implementation to be iterative instead
-of recursive.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-28-12-15-03.gh-issue-119118.FMKz1F.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-28-12-15-03.gh-issue-119118.FMKz1F.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 3cf61662fe7767..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-28-12-15-03.gh-issue-119118.FMKz1F.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-Fix performance regression in the :mod:`tokenize` module by caching the ``line``
-token attribute and calculating the column offset more efficiently.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-29-12-42-40.gh-issue-93963.cb1oJS.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-29-12-42-40.gh-issue-93963.cb1oJS.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index d093c8e35a5994..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-29-12-42-40.gh-issue-93963.cb1oJS.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-Remove deprecated names from ``importlib.abc`` as found in
-``importlib.resources.abc``.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-29-20-42-17.gh-issue-89727.5lPTTW.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-29-20-42-17.gh-issue-89727.5lPTTW.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 3b73d2789fd6f9..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-29-20-42-17.gh-issue-89727.5lPTTW.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-Partially fix issue with :func:`shutil.rmtree` where a :exc:`RecursionError`
-is raised on deep directory trees. A recursion error is no longer raised
-when :data:`!rmtree.avoids_symlink_attacks` is false.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-29-21-50-05.gh-issue-119577.S3BlKJ.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-29-21-50-05.gh-issue-119577.S3BlKJ.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index bd2daf3fb5c16d..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-29-21-50-05.gh-issue-119577.S3BlKJ.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-The :exc:`DeprecationWarning` emitted when testing the truth value of an
-:class:`xml.etree.ElementTree.Element` now describes unconditionally
-returning ``True`` in a future version rather than raising an exception in
-Python 3.14.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-30-21-37-05.gh-issue-89727.D6S9ig.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-30-21-37-05.gh-issue-89727.D6S9ig.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 854c56609acb8c..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-30-21-37-05.gh-issue-89727.D6S9ig.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-Fix issue with :func:`shutil.rmtree` where a :exc:`RecursionError` is raised
-on deep directory trees.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-31-12-57-31.gh-issue-119770.NCtels.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-31-12-57-31.gh-issue-119770.NCtels.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 94265e442db584..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-31-12-57-31.gh-issue-119770.NCtels.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Make :mod:`termios` ``ioctl()`` constants positive. Patch by Victor Stinner.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-31-13-56-21.gh-issue-119838.H6XHlE.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-31-13-56-21.gh-issue-119838.H6XHlE.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 17a87327b5b1d6..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-05-31-13-56-21.gh-issue-119838.H6XHlE.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-In mixed arithmetic operations with :class:`~fractions.Fraction` and
-complex, the fraction is now converted to :class:`float` instead of
-:class:`complex`.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-06-01-16-58-43.gh-issue-117398.kR0RW7.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-06-01-16-58-43.gh-issue-117398.kR0RW7.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index b0fe06663248f6..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-06-01-16-58-43.gh-issue-117398.kR0RW7.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-The ``_datetime`` module (C implementation for :mod:`datetime`) now supports
-being imported in multiple interpreters.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-06-02-15-09-17.gh-issue-118835.KUAuz6.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-06-02-15-09-17.gh-issue-118835.KUAuz6.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index ec9ca20a487d76..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-06-02-15-09-17.gh-issue-118835.KUAuz6.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Fix _pyrepl crash when using custom prompt with ANSI escape codes.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-06-03-11-18-16.gh-issue-117142.kWTXQo.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-06-03-11-18-16.gh-issue-117142.kWTXQo.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 80734ef3946300..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-06-03-11-18-16.gh-issue-117142.kWTXQo.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-The :mod:`ctypes` module may now be imported in all subinterpreters, including
-those that have their own GIL.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-06-04-12-23-01.gh-issue-119819.WKKrYh.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-06-04-12-23-01.gh-issue-119819.WKKrYh.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index f9e49c00f671f2..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-06-04-12-23-01.gh-issue-119819.WKKrYh.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-Fix regression to allow logging configuration with multiprocessing queue
-types.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-06-04-14-54-46.gh-issue-120029._1YdTf.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-06-04-14-54-46.gh-issue-120029._1YdTf.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index e8ea1077139f71..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-06-04-14-54-46.gh-issue-120029._1YdTf.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-Expose :meth:`symtable.Symbol.is_type_parameter` in the :mod:`symtable`
-module. Patch by Bénédikt Tran.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-06-04-19-03-25.gh-issue-112672.K2XfZH.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-06-04-19-03-25.gh-issue-112672.K2XfZH.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 46345bff117b19..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-06-04-19-03-25.gh-issue-112672.K2XfZH.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Support building :mod:`tkinter` with Tcl 9.0.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-06-07-02-00-31.gh-issue-120157.HnWcF9.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-06-07-02-00-31.gh-issue-120157.HnWcF9.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 3e905125797af7..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-06-07-02-00-31.gh-issue-120157.HnWcF9.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Remove unused constant ``concurrent.futures._base._FUTURE_STATES`` in :mod:`concurrent.futures`. Patch by Clinton Christian (pygeek).
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-06-07-13-21-11.gh-issue-120211.Rws_gf.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-06-07-13-21-11.gh-issue-120211.Rws_gf.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 0106f2d93318b4..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-06-07-13-21-11.gh-issue-120211.Rws_gf.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Fix :mod:`tkinter.ttk` with Tcl/Tk 9.0.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-08-28-19-27-35.gh-issue-123370.SPZ9Ux.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-08-28-19-27-35.gh-issue-123370.SPZ9Ux.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..1fd5cc54eaf3e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-08-28-19-27-35.gh-issue-123370.SPZ9Ux.rst
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Fix the canvas not clearing after running turtledemo clock.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-09-07-13-57-49.gh-issue-80958.fVYnqV.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-09-07-13-57-49.gh-issue-80958.fVYnqV.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..f0edd7b1ac6e8b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-09-07-13-57-49.gh-issue-80958.fVYnqV.rst
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+unittest discovery supports PEP 420 namespace packages as start directory again.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-09-24-18-16-59.gh-issue-58956.0wFrBR.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-09-24-18-16-59.gh-issue-58956.0wFrBR.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..a882a632fddf1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-09-24-18-16-59.gh-issue-58956.0wFrBR.rst
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Fixed a bug in :mod:`pdb` where sometimes the breakpoint won't trigger if it was set on a function which is already in the call stack.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-09-24-18-49-16.gh-issue-99749.gBDJX7.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-09-24-18-49-16.gh-issue-99749.gBDJX7.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..3ecd75c5b551b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-09-24-18-49-16.gh-issue-99749.gBDJX7.rst
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Adds a feature to optionally enable suggestions for argument choices and subparser names if mistyped by the user.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-09-27-13-10-17.gh-issue-58032.0aNAQ0.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-09-27-13-10-17.gh-issue-58032.0aNAQ0.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..278512b22a8d3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-09-27-13-10-17.gh-issue-58032.0aNAQ0.rst
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Deprecate the :class:`argparse.FileType` type converter.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-09-27-15-42-55.gh-issue-124694.uUy32y.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-09-27-15-42-55.gh-issue-124694.uUy32y.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..1aa1a463b0c63a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-09-27-15-42-55.gh-issue-124694.uUy32y.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+We've added :class:`concurrent.futures.InterpreterPoolExecutor`, which
+allows you to run code in multiple isolated interpreters.  This allows you
+to circumvent the limitations of CPU-bound threads (due to the GIL). Patch
+by Eric Snow.
+
+This addition is unrelated to :pep:`734`.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-09-28-02-03-04.gh-issue-124651.bLBGtH.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-09-28-02-03-04.gh-issue-124651.bLBGtH.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..17fc9171390dd9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-09-28-02-03-04.gh-issue-124651.bLBGtH.rst
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Properly quote template strings in :mod:`venv` activation scripts.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-04-22-43-48.gh-issue-124984.xjMv9b.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-04-22-43-48.gh-issue-124984.xjMv9b.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..dd0a55a6854c25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-04-22-43-48.gh-issue-124984.xjMv9b.rst
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Fixed thread safety in :mod:`ssl` in the free-threaded build. OpenSSL operations are now protected by a per-object lock.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-09-17-07-33.gh-issue-52551.PBakSY.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-09-17-07-33.gh-issue-52551.PBakSY.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..edc9ac5bb23117
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-09-17-07-33.gh-issue-52551.PBakSY.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+Fix encoding issues in :func:`time.strftime`, the
+:meth:`~datetime.datetime.strftime` method of the :mod:`datetime` classes
+:class:`~datetime.datetime`, :class:`~datetime.date` and
+:class:`~datetime.time` and formatting of these classes. Characters not
+encodable in the current locale are now acceptable in the format string.
+Surrogate pairs and sequence of surrogatescape-encoded bytes are no longer
+recombinated. Embedded null character no longer terminates the format
+string.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-11-00-40-13.gh-issue-125245.8vReM-.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-11-00-40-13.gh-issue-125245.8vReM-.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..c880efe73d06b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-11-00-40-13.gh-issue-125245.8vReM-.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Fix race condition when importing :mod:`collections.abc`, which could
+incorrectly return an empty module.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-13-15-04-58.gh-issue-125398.UW7Ndv.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-13-15-04-58.gh-issue-125398.UW7Ndv.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..a188b35e1fbdbc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-13-15-04-58.gh-issue-125398.UW7Ndv.rst
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Fix the conversion of the :envvar:`!VIRTUAL_ENV` path in the activate script in :mod:`venv` when running in Git Bash for Windows.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-14-02-07-44.gh-issue-125115.IOf3ON.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-14-02-07-44.gh-issue-125115.IOf3ON.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..3583d537a6ec61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-14-02-07-44.gh-issue-125115.IOf3ON.rst
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Fixed a bug in :mod:`pdb` where arguments starting with ``-`` can't be passed to the debugged script.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-14-17-29-34.gh-issue-125451.fmP3T9.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-14-17-29-34.gh-issue-125451.fmP3T9.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..589988d4d6273f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-14-17-29-34.gh-issue-125451.fmP3T9.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Fix deadlock when :class:`concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor` shuts down
+concurrently with an error when feeding a job to a worker process.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-15-14-01-03.gh-issue-125519.TqGh6a.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-15-14-01-03.gh-issue-125519.TqGh6a.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..e6062625104590
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-15-14-01-03.gh-issue-125519.TqGh6a.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Improve traceback if :func:`importlib.reload` is called with an object that
+is not a module. Patch by Alex Waygood.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-15-16-50-03.gh-issue-125541.FfhmWo.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-15-16-50-03.gh-issue-125541.FfhmWo.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..7a20bca1739869
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-15-16-50-03.gh-issue-125541.FfhmWo.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Pressing :kbd:`Ctrl-C` while blocked in :meth:`threading.Lock.acquire`,
+:meth:`threading.RLock.acquire`, and :meth:`threading.Thread.join` now
+interrupts the function call and raises a :exc:`KeyboardInterrupt` exception
+on Windows, similar to how those functions behave on macOS and Linux.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-16-04-50-53.gh-issue-125542.vZJ-Ns.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-16-04-50-53.gh-issue-125542.vZJ-Ns.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..777920cc54ff9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-16-04-50-53.gh-issue-125542.vZJ-Ns.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Deprecate passing keyword-only *prefix_chars* argument to
+:meth:`argparse.ArgumentParser.add_argument_group`.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-16-15-55-50.gh-issue-125600.yMsJx0.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-16-15-55-50.gh-issue-125600.yMsJx0.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..19bf4fbefb601b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-16-15-55-50.gh-issue-125600.yMsJx0.rst
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Only show stale code warning in :mod:`pdb` when we display source code.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-16-20-32-40.gh-issue-125590.stHzOP.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-16-20-32-40.gh-issue-125590.stHzOP.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..dc6765ada641a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-16-20-32-40.gh-issue-125590.stHzOP.rst
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Allow ``FrameLocalsProxy`` to delete and pop if the key is not a fast variable.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-16-22-45-50.gh-issue-125614.3OEo_Q.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-16-22-45-50.gh-issue-125614.3OEo_Q.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..5f4803c9b74578
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-16-22-45-50.gh-issue-125614.3OEo_Q.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+In the :data:`~annotationlib.Format.FORWARDREF` format of
+:mod:`annotationlib`, fix bug where nested expressions were not returned as
+:class:`annotationlib.ForwardRef` format.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-17-04-52-00.gh-issue-125633.lMck06.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-17-04-52-00.gh-issue-125633.lMck06.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..e816a13b75e0c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-17-04-52-00.gh-issue-125633.lMck06.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Add function :func:`inspect.ispackage` to determine whether an object is a
+:term:`package` or not.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-17-16-10-29.gh-issue-125259.oMew0c.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-17-16-10-29.gh-issue-125259.oMew0c.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..4fa6330abea512
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-17-16-10-29.gh-issue-125259.oMew0c.rst
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Fix the notes removal logic for errors thrown in enum initialization.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-17-20-36-06.gh-issue-52551.EIVNYY.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-17-20-36-06.gh-issue-52551.EIVNYY.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..48d3d93c3d72af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-17-20-36-06.gh-issue-52551.EIVNYY.rst
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Use :c:func:`!wcsftime` to implement :func:`time.strftime` on Windows.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-18-08-58-10.gh-issue-125660.sDdDqO.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-18-08-58-10.gh-issue-125660.sDdDqO.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..74d76c7bddae7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-18-08-58-10.gh-issue-125660.sDdDqO.rst
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Reject invalid unicode escapes for Python implementation of :func:`json.loads`.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-18-09-51-29.gh-issue-125682.vsj4cU.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-18-09-51-29.gh-issue-125682.vsj4cU.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..3eb2905ad8d810
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-18-09-51-29.gh-issue-125682.vsj4cU.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Reject non-ASCII digits in the Python implementation of :func:`json.loads`
+conforming to the JSON specification.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-19-01-30-40.gh-issue-125378.WTosxX.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-19-01-30-40.gh-issue-125378.WTosxX.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..dc76889d3b210a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-19-01-30-40.gh-issue-125378.WTosxX.rst
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Fixed the bug in :mod:`pdb` where after a multi-line command, an empty line repeats the first line of the multi-line command, instead of the full command.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-19-13-37-37.gh-issue-125710.FyFAAr.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-19-13-37-37.gh-issue-125710.FyFAAr.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..8d5220e9889c3a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-19-13-37-37.gh-issue-125710.FyFAAr.rst
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+[Enum] fix hashable<->nonhashable comparisons for member values
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-19-16-06-52.gh-issue-125666.jGfdCP.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-19-16-06-52.gh-issue-125666.jGfdCP.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..3b4488815cced6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-19-16-06-52.gh-issue-125666.jGfdCP.rst
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Avoid the exiting the interpreter if a null byte is given as input in the new REPL.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-21-12-06-55.gh-issue-124969.xiY8UP.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-21-12-06-55.gh-issue-124969.xiY8UP.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..c44550184e0000
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-21-12-06-55.gh-issue-124969.xiY8UP.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+``locale.nl_langinfo(locale.ALT_DIGITS)`` now returns a string again. The
+returned value consists of up to 100 semicolon-separated symbols.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-21-13-52-37.gh-issue-125767.0kK4lX.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-21-13-52-37.gh-issue-125767.0kK4lX.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..bfda740a79d10e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-21-13-52-37.gh-issue-125767.0kK4lX.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+:class:`super` objects are now :mod:`pickleable <pickle>` and
+:mod:`copyable <copy>`.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-22-13-28-00.gh-issue-125355.zssHm_.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-22-13-28-00.gh-issue-125355.zssHm_.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..fd67f697641d92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-22-13-28-00.gh-issue-125355.zssHm_.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+Fix several bugs in :meth:`argparse.ArgumentParser.parse_intermixed_args`.
+
+* The parser no longer changes temporarily during parsing.
+* Default values are not processed twice.
+* Required mutually exclusive groups containing positional arguments are now supported.
+* The missing arguments report now includes the names of all required optional and positional arguments.
+* Unknown options can be intermixed with positional arguments in parse_known_intermixed_args().
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-23-17-45-40.gh-issue-125884.41E_PD.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-23-17-45-40.gh-issue-125884.41E_PD.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..684b1f282b143e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-23-17-45-40.gh-issue-125884.41E_PD.rst
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Fixed the bug for :mod:`pdb` where it can't set breakpoints on functions with certain annotations.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-24-14-08-10.gh-issue-125789.eaiAMw.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-24-14-08-10.gh-issue-125789.eaiAMw.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..964a006bb47b7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-24-14-08-10.gh-issue-125789.eaiAMw.rst
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Fix possible crash when mutating list of callbacks returned by :attr:`!asyncio.Future._callbacks`. It now always returns a new copy in C implementation :mod:`!_asyncio`. Patch by Kumar Aditya.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-25-10-53-56.gh-issue-125966.eOCYU_.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-25-10-53-56.gh-issue-125966.eOCYU_.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..9fe8795de18003
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-25-10-53-56.gh-issue-125966.eOCYU_.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Fix a use-after-free crash in :meth:`asyncio.Future.remove_done_callback`.
+Patch by Bénédikt Tran.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-25-11-13-24.gh-issue-125969.YvbrTr.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-25-11-13-24.gh-issue-125969.YvbrTr.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..dc99adff7416c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-25-11-13-24.gh-issue-125969.YvbrTr.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Fix an out-of-bounds crash when an evil :meth:`asyncio.loop.call_soon`
+mutates the length of the internal callbacks list. Patch by Bénédikt Tran.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-26-12-50-48.gh-issue-125984.d4vp5_.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-26-12-50-48.gh-issue-125984.d4vp5_.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..7a1d7b53b11301
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-10-26-12-50-48.gh-issue-125984.d4vp5_.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+Fix use-after-free crashes on :class:`asyncio.Future` objects for which the
+underlying event loop implements an evil :meth:`~object.__getattribute__`.
+Reported by Nico-Posada. Patch by Bénédikt Tran.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Security/2024-05-01-20-57-09.gh-issue-118486.K44KJG.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Security/2024-05-01-20-57-09.gh-issue-118486.K44KJG.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 8ac48aac816a60..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Security/2024-05-01-20-57-09.gh-issue-118486.K44KJG.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-:func:`os.mkdir` on Windows now accepts *mode* of ``0o700`` to restrict
-the new directory to the current user. This fixes :cve:`2024-4030`
-affecting :func:`tempfile.mkdtemp` in scenarios where the base temporary
-directory is more permissive than the default.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Security/2024-05-08-21-59-38.gh-issue-118773.7dFRJY.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Security/2024-05-08-21-59-38.gh-issue-118773.7dFRJY.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index bfec178f6318a7..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Security/2024-05-08-21-59-38.gh-issue-118773.7dFRJY.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-Fixes creation of ACLs in :func:`os.mkdir` on Windows to work correctly on
-non-English machines.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Tests/2024-05-18-10-59-27.gh-issue-119050.g4qiH7.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Tests/2024-05-18-10-59-27.gh-issue-119050.g4qiH7.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index cfc70c16b2b279..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Tests/2024-05-18-10-59-27.gh-issue-119050.g4qiH7.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-regrtest test runner: Add XML support to the refleak checker (-R option).
-Patch by Victor Stinner.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Tests/2024-05-20-18-06-31.gh-issue-119273.hf-yhX.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Tests/2024-05-20-18-06-31.gh-issue-119273.hf-yhX.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 905b4e3a1c9043..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Tests/2024-05-20-18-06-31.gh-issue-119273.hf-yhX.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-Python test runner no longer runs tests using TTY (ex: test_ioctl) in a
-process group (using ``setsid()``). Previously, tests using TTY were
-skipped. Patch by Victor Stinner.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Tests/2024-05-29-15-28-08.gh-issue-119727.dVkaZM.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Tests/2024-05-29-15-28-08.gh-issue-119727.dVkaZM.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index bf28d8bb77b8a2..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Tests/2024-05-29-15-28-08.gh-issue-119727.dVkaZM.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-Add ``--single-process`` command line option to Python test runner (regrtest).
-Patch by Victor Stinner.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Tests/2024-09-30-22-52-44.gh-issue-124295.VZy5kx.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Tests/2024-09-30-22-52-44.gh-issue-124295.VZy5kx.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..3c2455cfc8c530
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Tests/2024-09-30-22-52-44.gh-issue-124295.VZy5kx.rst
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Add translation tests to the :mod:`argparse` module.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Windows/2024-03-19-19-04-56.gh-issue-116145.srVT3d.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Windows/2024-03-19-19-04-56.gh-issue-116145.srVT3d.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 7f840b0556048a..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Windows/2024-03-19-19-04-56.gh-issue-116145.srVT3d.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Updated bundled Tcl/Tk to 8.6.14.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Windows/2024-04-24-05-16-32.gh-issue-118209.Ryyzlz.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Windows/2024-04-24-05-16-32.gh-issue-118209.Ryyzlz.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index da70b2528919e1..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Windows/2024-04-24-05-16-32.gh-issue-118209.Ryyzlz.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-Avoid crashing in :mod:`mmap` on Windows when the mapped memory is inaccessible
-due to file system errors or access violations.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Windows/2024-04-24-22-50-33.gh-issue-117505.gcTb_p.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Windows/2024-04-24-22-50-33.gh-issue-117505.gcTb_p.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 0931687ecc521c..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Windows/2024-04-24-22-50-33.gh-issue-117505.gcTb_p.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Fixes an issue with the Windows installer not running ensurepip in a fully isolated environment. This could cause unexpected interactions with the user site-packages.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Windows/2024-05-22-19-43-29.gh-issue-119070._enton.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Windows/2024-05-22-19-43-29.gh-issue-119070._enton.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index aab26f57209864..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Windows/2024-05-22-19-43-29.gh-issue-119070._enton.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-Fixes ``py.exe`` handling of shebangs like ``/usr/bin/env python3.12``,
-which were previously interpreted as ``python3.exe`` instead of
-``python3.12.exe``.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Windows/2024-05-25-18-43-10.gh-issue-111201.SLPJIx.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Windows/2024-05-25-18-43-10.gh-issue-111201.SLPJIx.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index f3918ed633d78c..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Windows/2024-05-25-18-43-10.gh-issue-111201.SLPJIx.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Add support for new pyrepl on Windows
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Windows/2024-05-29-11-06-12.gh-issue-119690.8q6e1p.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Windows/2024-05-29-11-06-12.gh-issue-119690.8q6e1p.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 84dd2161aa1db8..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Windows/2024-05-29-11-06-12.gh-issue-119690.8q6e1p.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Adds Unicode support and fixes audit events for ``_winapi.CreateNamedPipe``.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Windows/2024-05-30-17-39-25.gh-issue-119679.mZC87w.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Windows/2024-05-30-17-39-25.gh-issue-119679.mZC87w.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index db9e798d3ddcb8..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Windows/2024-05-30-17-39-25.gh-issue-119679.mZC87w.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Ensures correct import libraries are included in Windows installs.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Windows/2024-10-15-21-28-43.gh-issue-125550.hmGWCP.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Windows/2024-10-15-21-28-43.gh-issue-125550.hmGWCP.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..c3ae00c74b3d91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Windows/2024-10-15-21-28-43.gh-issue-125550.hmGWCP.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Enable the :ref:`launcher` to detect Python 3.14 installs from the Windows
+Store.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Windows/2024-10-23-17-24-23.gh-issue-125842.m3EF9E.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Windows/2024-10-23-17-24-23.gh-issue-125842.m3EF9E.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..63644721d57f5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Windows/2024-10-23-17-24-23.gh-issue-125842.m3EF9E.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Fix a :exc:`SystemError` when :func:`sys.exit` is called with ``0xffffffff``
+on Windows.
diff --git a/Misc/README b/Misc/README
index 3dab768ba1a7a4..cbad9b72dc713c 100644
--- a/Misc/README
+++ b/Misc/README
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ python.man              UNIX man page for the python interpreter
 python.pc.in            Package configuration info template for pkg-config
 README                  The file you're reading now
 README.AIX              Information about using Python on AIX
-README.coverity         Information about running Coverity's Prevent on Python
 README.valgrind         Information for Valgrind users, see valgrind-python.supp
 SpecialBuilds.txt       Describes extra symbols you can set for debug builds
 svnmap.txt              Map of old SVN revs and branches to hg changeset ids,
diff --git a/Misc/README.coverity b/Misc/README.coverity
deleted file mode 100644
index f5e1bf6f28d245..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/README.coverity
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-
-Coverity has a static analysis tool (Prevent) which is similar to Klocwork.
-They run their tool on the Python source code (SVN head) on a daily basis.
-The results are available at:
-
-     http://scan.coverity.com/
-
-About 20 people have access to the analysis reports.  Other
-people can be added by request.
-
-Prevent was first run on the Python 2.5 source code in March 2006.
-There were originally about 100 defects reported.  Some of these
-were false positives.  Over 70 issues were uncovered.
-
-Each warning has a unique id and comments that can be made on it.
-When checking in changes due to a warning, the unique id
-as reported by the tool was added to the SVN commit message.
-
-False positives were annotated so that the comments can
-be reviewed and reversed if the analysis was incorrect.
-
-Contact python-dev@python.org for more information.
diff --git a/Misc/coverity_model.c b/Misc/coverity_model.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 8960362a6d74a0..00000000000000
--- a/Misc/coverity_model.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,179 +0,0 @@
-/* Coverity Scan model
- *
- * This is a modeling file for Coverity Scan. Modeling helps to avoid false
- * positives.
- *
- * - A model file can't import any header files.
- * - Therefore only some built-in primitives like int, char and void are
- *   available but not wchar_t, NULL etc.
- * - Modeling doesn't need full structs and typedefs. Rudimentary structs
- *   and similar types are sufficient.
- * - An uninitialized local pointer is not an error. It signifies that the
- *   variable could be either NULL or have some data.
- *
- * Coverity Scan doesn't pick up modifications automatically. The model file
- * must be uploaded by an admin in the analysis settings of
- * http://scan.coverity.com/projects/200
- */
-
-/* dummy definitions, in most cases struct fields aren't required. */
-
-#define NULL (void *)0
-#define assert(op) /* empty */
-typedef int sdigit;
-typedef long Py_ssize_t;
-typedef unsigned short wchar_t;
-typedef struct {} PyObject;
-typedef struct {} grammar;
-typedef struct {} DIR;
-typedef struct {} RFILE;
-
-/* Python/pythonrun.c
- * resource leak false positive */
-
-void Py_FatalError(const char *msg) {
-    __coverity_panic__();
-}
-
-/* Objects/longobject.c
- * NEGATIVE_RETURNS false positive */
-
-static PyObject *get_small_int(sdigit ival)
-{
-    /* Never returns NULL */
-    PyObject *p;
-    assert(p != NULL);
-    return p;
-}
-
-PyObject *PyLong_FromLong(long ival)
-{
-    PyObject *p;
-    int maybe;
-
-    if ((ival >= -5) && (ival < 257 + 5)) {
-        p = get_small_int(ival);
-        assert(p != NULL);
-        return p;
-    }
-    if (maybe)
-        return p;
-    else
-        return NULL;
-}
-
-PyObject *PyLong_FromLongLong(long long ival)
-{
-    return PyLong_FromLong((long)ival);
-}
-
-PyObject *PyLong_FromSsize_t(Py_ssize_t ival)
-{
-    return PyLong_FromLong((long)ival);
-}
-
-/* tainted sinks
- *
- * Coverity considers argv, environ, read() data etc as tained.
- */
-
-PyObject *PyErr_SetFromErrnoWithFilename(PyObject *exc, const char *filename)
-{
-    __coverity_tainted_data_sink__(filename);
-    return NULL;
-}
-
-/* Python/fileutils.c */
-wchar_t *Py_DecodeLocale(const char* arg, size_t *size)
-{
-   wchar_t *w;
-    __coverity_tainted_data_sink__(arg);
-    __coverity_tainted_data_sink__(size);
-   return w;
-}
-
-/* Python/marshal.c */
-
-static Py_ssize_t r_string(char *s, Py_ssize_t n, RFILE *p)
-{
-    __coverity_tainted_string_argument__(s);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static long r_long(RFILE *p)
-{
-    long l;
-    unsigned char buffer[4];
-
-    r_string((char *)buffer, 4, p);
-    __coverity_tainted_string_sanitize_content__(buffer);
-    l = (long)buffer;
-    return l;
-}
-
-/* Coverity doesn't understand that fdopendir() may take ownership of fd. */
-
-DIR *fdopendir(int fd)
-{
-    DIR *d;
-    if (d) {
-        __coverity_close__(fd);
-    }
-    return d;
-}
-
-/* Modules/_datetime.c
- *
- * Coverity thinks that the input values for these function come from a
- * tainted source PyDateTime_DATE_GET_* macros use bit shifting.
- */
-static PyObject *
-build_struct_time(int y, int m, int d, int hh, int mm, int ss, int dstflag)
-{
-    PyObject *result;
-
-    __coverity_tainted_data_sanitize__(y);
-    __coverity_tainted_data_sanitize__(m);
-    __coverity_tainted_data_sanitize__(d);
-    __coverity_tainted_data_sanitize__(hh);
-    __coverity_tainted_data_sanitize__(mm);
-    __coverity_tainted_data_sanitize__(ss);
-    __coverity_tainted_data_sanitize__(dstflag);
-
-    return result;
-}
-
-static int
-ymd_to_ord(int year, int month, int day)
-{
-    int ord = 0;
-
-    __coverity_tainted_data_sanitize__(year);
-    __coverity_tainted_data_sanitize__(month);
-    __coverity_tainted_data_sanitize__(day);
-
-    return ord;
-}
-
-static int
-normalize_date(int *year, int *month, int *day)
-{
-    __coverity_tainted_data_sanitize__(*year);
-    __coverity_tainted_data_sanitize__(*month);
-    __coverity_tainted_data_sanitize__(*day);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static int
-weekday(int year, int month, int day)
-{
-    int w = 0;
-
-    __coverity_tainted_data_sanitize__(year);
-    __coverity_tainted_data_sanitize__(month);
-    __coverity_tainted_data_sanitize__(day);
-
-    return w;
-}
-
diff --git a/Misc/externals.spdx.json b/Misc/externals.spdx.json
index 758d41910054ce..d54b1fbe251378 100644
--- a/Misc/externals.spdx.json
+++ b/Misc/externals.spdx.json
@@ -70,21 +70,21 @@
       "checksums": [
         {
           "algorithm": "SHA256",
-          "checksumValue": "e6a77c273ebb284fedd8ea19b081fce74a9455936ffd47215f7c24713e2614b2"
+          "checksumValue": "1550c87996a0858474a9dd179deab2c55eb73726b9a140b32865b02fd3d8a86b"
         }
       ],
-      "downloadLocation": "https://github.com/python/cpython-source-deps/archive/refs/tags/openssl-3.0.13.tar.gz",
+      "downloadLocation": "https://github.com/python/cpython-source-deps/archive/refs/tags/openssl-3.0.15.tar.gz",
       "externalRefs": [
         {
           "referenceCategory": "SECURITY",
-          "referenceLocator": "cpe:2.3:a:openssl:openssl:3.0.13:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
+          "referenceLocator": "cpe:2.3:a:openssl:openssl:3.0.15:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
           "referenceType": "cpe23Type"
         }
       ],
       "licenseConcluded": "NOASSERTION",
       "name": "openssl",
       "primaryPackagePurpose": "SOURCE",
-      "versionInfo": "3.0.13"
+      "versionInfo": "3.0.15"
     },
     {
       "SPDXID": "SPDXRef-PACKAGE-sqlite",
@@ -112,42 +112,42 @@
       "checksums": [
         {
           "algorithm": "SHA256",
-          "checksumValue": "ad7623a44e1b6e42df47ba8f16b2b0435ac605650b5054077c4355a30473074c"
+          "checksumValue": "4c23f0dd3efcbe6f3a22c503a68d147617bb30c4f5290f1eb3eaacf0b460440b"
         }
       ],
-      "downloadLocation": "https://github.com/python/cpython-source-deps/archive/refs/tags/tcl-core-8.6.14.0.tar.gz",
+      "downloadLocation": "https://github.com/python/cpython-source-deps/archive/refs/tags/tcl-core-8.6.15.0.tar.gz",
       "externalRefs": [
         {
           "referenceCategory": "SECURITY",
-          "referenceLocator": "cpe:2.3:a:tcl_tk:tcl_tk:8.6.14.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
+          "referenceLocator": "cpe:2.3:a:tcl_tk:tcl_tk:8.6.15.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
           "referenceType": "cpe23Type"
         }
       ],
       "licenseConcluded": "NOASSERTION",
       "name": "tcl-core",
       "primaryPackagePurpose": "SOURCE",
-      "versionInfo": "8.6.14.0"
+      "versionInfo": "8.6.15.0"
     },
     {
       "SPDXID": "SPDXRef-PACKAGE-tk",
       "checksums": [
         {
           "algorithm": "SHA256",
-          "checksumValue": "e8d5cbe97952037962518b69aba85e324d80aa189054c163ab0ee764a448e802"
+          "checksumValue": "0ae56d39bca92865f338529557a1e56d110594184b6dc5a91339c5675751e264"
         }
       ],
-      "downloadLocation": "https://github.com/python/cpython-source-deps/archive/refs/tags/tk-8.6.14.0.tar.gz",
+      "downloadLocation": "https://github.com/python/cpython-source-deps/archive/refs/tags/tk-8.6.15.0.tar.gz",
       "externalRefs": [
         {
           "referenceCategory": "SECURITY",
-          "referenceLocator": "cpe:2.3:a:tcl_tk:tcl_tk:8.6.14.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
+          "referenceLocator": "cpe:2.3:a:tcl_tk:tcl_tk:8.6.15.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
           "referenceType": "cpe23Type"
         }
       ],
       "licenseConcluded": "NOASSERTION",
       "name": "tk",
       "primaryPackagePurpose": "SOURCE",
-      "versionInfo": "8.6.14.0"
+      "versionInfo": "8.6.15.0"
     },
     {
       "SPDXID": "SPDXRef-PACKAGE-xz",
diff --git a/Misc/python-config.sh.in b/Misc/python-config.sh.in
index c3c0b34fc1451d..555b0cb6ba2a48 100644
--- a/Misc/python-config.sh.in
+++ b/Misc/python-config.sh.in
@@ -4,11 +4,12 @@
 
 exit_with_usage ()
 {
-    local USAGE="Usage: $0 --prefix|--exec-prefix|--includes|--libs|--cflags|--ldflags|--extension-suffix|--help|--abiflags|--configdir|--embed"
-    if [[ "$1" -eq 0 ]]; then
-        echo "$USAGE"
+    local usage
+    usage="Usage: $0 --prefix|--exec-prefix|--includes|--libs|--cflags|--ldflags|--extension-suffix|--help|--abiflags|--configdir|--embed"
+    if [ "$1" -eq 0 ]; then
+        echo "$usage"
     else
-        echo "$USAGE" >&2
+        echo "$usage" >&2
     fi
     exit $1
 }
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ LIBM="@LIBM@"
 LIBC="@LIBC@"
 SYSLIBS="$LIBM $LIBC"
 ABIFLAGS="@ABIFLAGS@"
-LIBS="@MODULE_LDFLAGS@ @LIBS@ $SYSLIBS"
+LIBS="@LIBPYTHON@ @LIBS@ $SYSLIBS"
 LIBS_EMBED="-lpython${VERSION}${ABIFLAGS} @LIBS@ $SYSLIBS"
 BASECFLAGS="@BASECFLAGS@"
 LDLIBRARY="@LDLIBRARY@"
diff --git a/Misc/python.man b/Misc/python.man
index 4c90c0e2a998ba..4076b8d3d1ba30 100644
--- a/Misc/python.man
+++ b/Misc/python.man
@@ -251,6 +251,7 @@ emitted by a process (even those that are otherwise ignored by default):
   -Wdefault  # Warn once per call location
   -Werror    # Convert to exceptions
   -Walways   # Warn every time
+  -Wall      # Same as -Walways
   -Wmodule   # Warn once per calling module
   -Wonce     # Warn once per Python process
   -Wignore   # Never warn
diff --git a/Misc/python.pc.in b/Misc/python.pc.in
index c2c740e82b1fde..027dba38585a89 100644
--- a/Misc/python.pc.in
+++ b/Misc/python.pc.in
@@ -9,5 +9,5 @@ Description: Build a C extension for Python
 Requires:
 Version: @VERSION@
 Libs.private: @LIBS@
-Libs: -L${libdir} @MODULE_LDFLAGS@
+Libs: -L${libdir} @LIBPYTHON@
 Cflags: -I${includedir}/python@VERSION@@ABIFLAGS@
diff --git a/Misc/sbom.spdx.json b/Misc/sbom.spdx.json
index b60adcfd362f68..cc73e93009b43f 100644
--- a/Misc/sbom.spdx.json
+++ b/Misc/sbom.spdx.json
@@ -48,11 +48,11 @@
       "checksums": [
         {
           "algorithm": "SHA1",
-          "checksumValue": "4076a884f0ca96873589b5c8159e2e5bfb8b829a"
+          "checksumValue": "6aaee1b194bea30f0a60d1cce71eada8b14d3526"
         },
         {
           "algorithm": "SHA256",
-          "checksumValue": "1a434bf3d2f9fb8a0b5adb79201a942788d11824c3e5b46a0b9962c0c482016c"
+          "checksumValue": "7bd4e53a8015534b5bbb58afe1a131b3989d3d4fca29bca685c44d34bcaa2555"
         }
       ],
       "fileName": "Modules/expat/expat.h"
@@ -146,11 +146,11 @@
       "checksums": [
         {
           "algorithm": "SHA1",
-          "checksumValue": "4c49b5df2bc702f663ba3b5a52d1940ec363226b"
+          "checksumValue": "aca27f46d9fd387b63ce7ff2e4f172cad130b39b"
         },
         {
           "algorithm": "SHA256",
-          "checksumValue": "b5ec29f6560acc183f1ee8ab92bb3aea17b87b4c2120cd2e3f78deba7a12491e"
+          "checksumValue": "f537add526ecda8389503b7ef45fb52b6217e4dc171dcc3a8dc6903ff6134726"
         }
       ],
       "fileName": "Modules/expat/siphash.h"
@@ -188,11 +188,11 @@
       "checksums": [
         {
           "algorithm": "SHA1",
-          "checksumValue": "fed1311be8577491b7f63085a27014eabf2caec8"
+          "checksumValue": "b2ec0ad170ccc21e63fbcfc8d7404cdd756eedd3"
         },
         {
           "algorithm": "SHA256",
-          "checksumValue": "3dc233eca5fa1bb7387c503f8a12d840707e4374b229e05d5657db9645725040"
+          "checksumValue": "92159d4e17393e56ee85f47d9fb31348695a58589899aa01e7536cdc88f60b85"
         }
       ],
       "fileName": "Modules/expat/xmlparse.c"
@@ -296,480 +296,536 @@
       "fileName": "Modules/expat/xmltok_ns.c"
     },
     {
-      "SPDXID": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-hacl-Hacl-Hash-MD5.c",
+      "SPDXID": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-hacl-Hacl-Hash-Blake2b.c",
       "checksums": [
         {
           "algorithm": "SHA1",
-          "checksumValue": "f8ba39b46ebdfa7d031d9c33130c6ded680a8120"
+          "checksumValue": "a34e821b68ef5334eccf4f729b28bb7bb65b965e"
         },
         {
           "algorithm": "SHA256",
-          "checksumValue": "f71cf6a0e8f09354c2af2c785a1d36e0cba7613a589be01ca8a3d8478f4c8874"
+          "checksumValue": "4582db9143c0810b98838a5357c577e0b32ae77f3018486159df4e0dfd3fce3c"
         }
       ],
-      "fileName": "Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_MD5.c"
+      "fileName": "Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_Blake2b.c"
     },
     {
-      "SPDXID": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-hacl-Hacl-Hash-MD5.h",
+      "SPDXID": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-hacl-Hacl-Hash-Blake2b.h",
       "checksums": [
         {
           "algorithm": "SHA1",
-          "checksumValue": "eaaab54cea2b0bb8ec0eedf0b373d42f1a0f8f6c"
+          "checksumValue": "b0b3ae92d6aee7b52bacfdf02409d8d7e23701ee"
         },
         {
           "algorithm": "SHA256",
-          "checksumValue": "9a02e2a6e163515ea0228a859d5e55c1f57b11fae5908c42f9f9814ce9bca230"
+          "checksumValue": "95d1dd4097a706b0719610da674297fa253b30d03a6ead4685ed648e20cb51a2"
         }
       ],
-      "fileName": "Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_MD5.h"
+      "fileName": "Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_Blake2b.h"
     },
     {
-      "SPDXID": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-hacl-Hacl-Hash-SHA1.c",
+      "SPDXID": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-hacl-Hacl-Hash-Blake2b-Simd256.c",
       "checksums": [
         {
           "algorithm": "SHA1",
-          "checksumValue": "f4f42faf8da78a230199f649c0f2a1b865799a31"
+          "checksumValue": "0ffe60c6d5eed5dd222515e820d461d319d16b1f"
         },
         {
           "algorithm": "SHA256",
-          "checksumValue": "5b29bd9951646861e0e19427be5d923a5bab7a4516824ccc068f696469195eec"
+          "checksumValue": "4804cb3ce68bfdcf98853d6f1d77b4a844a3c2796f776b39770ba327e400d402"
         }
       ],
-      "fileName": "Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_SHA1.c"
+      "fileName": "Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256.c"
     },
     {
-      "SPDXID": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-hacl-Hacl-Hash-SHA1.h",
+      "SPDXID": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-hacl-Hacl-Hash-Blake2b-Simd256.h",
       "checksums": [
         {
           "algorithm": "SHA1",
-          "checksumValue": "722b57139737ceeb88e41d3839e6f7d70578741b"
+          "checksumValue": "a5011646670c4f51368aca661e458e4c7f1d88e0"
         },
         {
           "algorithm": "SHA256",
-          "checksumValue": "5640295c790d56b1b4df147d6a6c58803b1845cd7d93365bf7cc7b75ba3cacd5"
+          "checksumValue": "f00c1fe8e774c7ec65f6c5a8efa43ce180a17fc80ed6119ada8c4022d058b6e2"
         }
       ],
-      "fileName": "Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_SHA1.h"
+      "fileName": "Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256.h"
     },
     {
-      "SPDXID": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-hacl-Hacl-Hash-SHA2.c",
+      "SPDXID": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-hacl-Hacl-Hash-Blake2b-Simd256-universal2.c",
       "checksums": [
         {
           "algorithm": "SHA1",
-          "checksumValue": "f2aa3ed6acce621c162bc3a0592780ce5aa3bc4d"
+          "checksumValue": "5afc433179d71abd6649596797a7e8953e89172d"
         },
         {
           "algorithm": "SHA256",
-          "checksumValue": "30638efb75c8b185bb09c3df6977e3f3c5d21a1e696218cf7ade6bc4d5201b31"
+          "checksumValue": "db42da82d18641d68d3670e6201e0cbb43415daaa84f29770b8f0ebf33562975"
         }
       ],
-      "fileName": "Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_SHA2.c"
+      "fileName": "Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_universal2.c"
     },
     {
-      "SPDXID": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-hacl-Hacl-Hash-SHA2.h",
+      "SPDXID": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-hacl-Hacl-Hash-Blake2s.c",
       "checksums": [
         {
           "algorithm": "SHA1",
-          "checksumValue": "4903e10291d07367be3bc283935bc52926e57ba1"
+          "checksumValue": "cf035ffeff875bc74345a47373ce25dc408ea9dc"
         },
         {
           "algorithm": "SHA256",
-          "checksumValue": "093d7693084af0999d2a13d207311d74b5bdfdc9c08447ed4a979e3f7505ae6b"
+          "checksumValue": "579059b002c45fab0fed6381e85c3f5eaf1d959400ca64b103542ac6c35bade3"
         }
       ],
-      "fileName": "Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_SHA2.h"
+      "fileName": "Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_Blake2s.c"
     },
     {
-      "SPDXID": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-hacl-Hacl-Hash-SHA3.c",
+      "SPDXID": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-hacl-Hacl-Hash-Blake2s.h",
       "checksums": [
         {
           "algorithm": "SHA1",
-          "checksumValue": "66644fd3325c414fef7d985536bb477c849c8f9a"
+          "checksumValue": "0328172a62507a051cd60ff9603710ed5aea1bc8"
         },
         {
           "algorithm": "SHA256",
-          "checksumValue": "17c0db96d40d1849f02546d5f55428fa89b61b07748d5b5df45cec25c5f29c0f"
+          "checksumValue": "9f3c8ef615c9fbc59ef796d0ad2a7a76a7e55dc8939077b44ca538cbf8889a8c"
         }
       ],
-      "fileName": "Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_SHA3.c"
+      "fileName": "Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_Blake2s.h"
     },
     {
-      "SPDXID": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-hacl-Hacl-Hash-SHA3.h",
+      "SPDXID": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-hacl-Hacl-Hash-Blake2s-Simd128.c",
       "checksums": [
         {
           "algorithm": "SHA1",
-          "checksumValue": "580e9a73813281e99a98871380b3726576295a96"
+          "checksumValue": "9bb53022d158a9c349edb52a8def8aac7d098a4e"
         },
         {
           "algorithm": "SHA256",
-          "checksumValue": "d8d4d14bbc3a561a4e590d9b18b326e6a8095efb12423edbd949cf3c00953621"
+          "checksumValue": "2abde0c6b5da0402e91b4bedfe786c24b908fbdc04e08e74651c7624729254d9"
         }
       ],
-      "fileName": "Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_SHA3.h"
+      "fileName": "Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128.c"
     },
     {
-      "SPDXID": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-hacl-Hacl-Streaming-Types.h",
+      "SPDXID": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-hacl-Hacl-Hash-Blake2s-Simd128.h",
       "checksums": [
         {
           "algorithm": "SHA1",
-          "checksumValue": "ab7b4d9465a2765a07f8d5bccace7182b28ed1b8"
+          "checksumValue": "32f35c173c10a2c49ac53c839cfbccd8a147274d"
         },
         {
           "algorithm": "SHA256",
-          "checksumValue": "26913613f3b4f8ffff0a3e211a5ebc849159094e5e11de0a31fcb95b6105b74c"
+          "checksumValue": "8734879b551f0fa860002ae81c0d0cfbade561007d9c26ad18c5a221e239237e"
         }
       ],
-      "fileName": "Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Streaming_Types.h"
+      "fileName": "Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128.h"
     },
     {
-      "SPDXID": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-hacl-include-krml-FStar-UInt128-Verified.h",
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-      "fileName": "Modules/_blake2/impl/blake2s.c"
+      "fileName": "Modules/_hacl/internal/Hacl_Hash_SHA3.h"
+    },
+    {
+      "SPDXID": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-hacl-internal-Hacl-Impl-Blake2-Constants.h",
+      "checksums": [
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+          "checksumValue": "c3ae35ed5bf70cf011b2732df011231528b9111c"
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+      "fileName": "Modules/_hacl/internal/Hacl_Impl_Blake2_Constants.h"
+    },
+    {
+      "SPDXID": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-hacl-lib-memzero0.h",
+      "checksums": [
+        {
+          "algorithm": "SHA1",
+          "checksumValue": "3d65f95f6f4bbfe980a89b82c55d02d7694a5a79"
+        },
+        {
+          "algorithm": "SHA256",
+          "checksumValue": "0f8d744620cf5f6b8450da187484b418d24dec7d8cf72b757b7080e84cb3ae5e"
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+      "fileName": "Modules/_hacl/lib_memzero0.h"
+    },
+    {
+      "SPDXID": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-hacl-libintvector.h",
+      "checksums": [
+        {
+          "algorithm": "SHA1",
+          "checksumValue": "f4a33ad535768b860362ab0bd033a70da0b524b7"
+        },
+        {
+          "algorithm": "SHA256",
+          "checksumValue": "433cdf4ba80bc72e0cea5d4b420ff18676baeafdb5ba19adf5b7fb33e90b424b"
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+      ],
+      "fileName": "Modules/_hacl/libintvector.h"
+    },
+    {
+      "SPDXID": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-hacl-python-hacl-namespaces.h",
+      "checksums": [
+        {
+          "algorithm": "SHA1",
+          "checksumValue": "37e3eb63c5c6f8ae671748bfde642c180b96d2de"
+        },
+        {
+          "algorithm": "SHA256",
+          "checksumValue": "0b5c7892cc25a2b3467936c1f346a6186d9d0a257d1bd5671beda253b66e0f68"
+        }
+      ],
+      "fileName": "Modules/_hacl/python_hacl_namespaces.h"
     },
     {
       "SPDXID": "SPDXRef-FILE-Lib-ctypes-macholib-init-.py",
@@ -1562,14 +1618,14 @@
       "checksums": [
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           "algorithm": "SHA256",
-          "checksumValue": "d4cf38d26e21a56654ffe4acd9cd5481164619626802328506a2869afab29ab3"
+          "checksumValue": "17aa6cfc5c4c219c09287abfc10bc13f0c06f30bb654b28bfe6f567ca646eb79"
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-      "downloadLocation": "https://github.com/libexpat/libexpat/releases/download/R_2_6_2/expat-2.6.2.tar.gz",
+      "downloadLocation": "https://github.com/libexpat/libexpat/releases/download/R_2_6_3/expat-2.6.3.tar.gz",
       "externalRefs": [
         {
           "referenceCategory": "SECURITY",
-          "referenceLocator": "cpe:2.3:a:libexpat_project:libexpat:2.6.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
+          "referenceLocator": "cpe:2.3:a:libexpat_project:libexpat:2.6.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
           "referenceType": "cpe23Type"
         }
       ],
@@ -1577,21 +1633,21 @@
       "name": "expat",
       "originator": "Organization: Expat development team",
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-      "versionInfo": "2.6.2"
+      "versionInfo": "2.6.3"
     },
     {
       "SPDXID": "SPDXRef-PACKAGE-hacl-star",
       "checksums": [
         {
           "algorithm": "SHA256",
-          "checksumValue": "e31e4ca10da91c585793c0eaf1b98aee3cb43e3a58d3d8d478593e5a6bd82927"
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       ],
-      "downloadLocation": "https://github.com/hacl-star/hacl-star/archive/bb3d0dc8d9d15a5cd51094d5b69e70aa09005ff0.zip",
+      "downloadLocation": "https://github.com/hacl-star/hacl-star/archive/315a9e491d2bc347b9dae99e0ea506995ea84d9d.zip",
       "externalRefs": [
         {
           "referenceCategory": "SECURITY",
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+          "referenceLocator": "cpe:2.3:a:hacl-star:hacl-star:315a9e491d2bc347b9dae99e0ea506995ea84d9d:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
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       ],
@@ -1599,29 +1655,7 @@
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-    },
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-          "referenceType": "cpe23Type"
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-      "licenseConcluded": "NOASSERTION",
-      "name": "libb2",
-      "originator": "Organization: BLAKE2 - fast secure hashing",
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+      "versionInfo": "315a9e491d2bc347b9dae99e0ea506995ea84d9d"
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@@ -1775,174 +1809,194 @@
       "spdxElementId": "SPDXRef-PACKAGE-expat"
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-      "relatedSpdxElement": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-hacl-Hacl-Hash-MD5.c",
+      "relatedSpdxElement": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-hacl-Hacl-Hash-Blake2b.c",
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+      "relatedSpdxElement": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-hacl-Hacl-Hash-Blake2b-Simd256.c",
       "relationshipType": "CONTAINS",
       "spdxElementId": "SPDXRef-PACKAGE-hacl-star"
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     {
-      "relatedSpdxElement": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-hacl-Hacl-Hash-SHA1.h",
+      "relatedSpdxElement": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-hacl-Hacl-Hash-Blake2b-Simd256.h",
       "relationshipType": "CONTAINS",
       "spdxElementId": "SPDXRef-PACKAGE-hacl-star"
     },
     {
-      "relatedSpdxElement": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-hacl-Hacl-Hash-SHA2.c",
+      "relatedSpdxElement": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-hacl-Hacl-Hash-Blake2b-Simd256-universal2.c",
       "relationshipType": "CONTAINS",
       "spdxElementId": "SPDXRef-PACKAGE-hacl-star"
     },
     {
-      "relatedSpdxElement": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-hacl-Hacl-Hash-SHA2.h",
+      "relatedSpdxElement": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-hacl-Hacl-Hash-Blake2s.c",
       "relationshipType": "CONTAINS",
       "spdxElementId": "SPDXRef-PACKAGE-hacl-star"
     },
     {
-      "relatedSpdxElement": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-hacl-Hacl-Hash-SHA3.c",
+      "relatedSpdxElement": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-hacl-Hacl-Hash-Blake2s.h",
       "relationshipType": "CONTAINS",
       "spdxElementId": "SPDXRef-PACKAGE-hacl-star"
     },
     {
-      "relatedSpdxElement": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-hacl-Hacl-Hash-SHA3.h",
+      "relatedSpdxElement": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-hacl-Hacl-Hash-Blake2s-Simd128.c",
       "relationshipType": "CONTAINS",
       "spdxElementId": "SPDXRef-PACKAGE-hacl-star"
     },
     {
-      "relatedSpdxElement": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-hacl-Hacl-Streaming-Types.h",
+      "relatedSpdxElement": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-hacl-Hacl-Hash-Blake2s-Simd128.h",
       "relationshipType": "CONTAINS",
       "spdxElementId": "SPDXRef-PACKAGE-hacl-star"
     },
     {
-      "relatedSpdxElement": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-hacl-include-krml-FStar-UInt128-Verified.h",
+      "relatedSpdxElement": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-hacl-Hacl-Hash-Blake2s-Simd128-universal2.c",
       "relationshipType": "CONTAINS",
       "spdxElementId": "SPDXRef-PACKAGE-hacl-star"
     },
     {
-      "relatedSpdxElement": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-hacl-include-krml-FStar-UInt-8-16-32-64.h",
+      "relatedSpdxElement": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-hacl-Hacl-Hash-MD5.c",
       "relationshipType": "CONTAINS",
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     },
     {
-      "relatedSpdxElement": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-hacl-include-krml-fstar-uint128-struct-endianness.h",
+      "relatedSpdxElement": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-hacl-Hacl-Hash-MD5.h",
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       "spdxElementId": "SPDXRef-PACKAGE-hacl-star"
     },
     {
-      "relatedSpdxElement": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-hacl-include-krml-internal-target.h",
+      "relatedSpdxElement": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-hacl-Hacl-Hash-SHA1.c",
       "relationshipType": "CONTAINS",
       "spdxElementId": "SPDXRef-PACKAGE-hacl-star"
     },
     {
-      "relatedSpdxElement": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-hacl-include-krml-lowstar-endianness.h",
+      "relatedSpdxElement": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-hacl-Hacl-Hash-SHA1.h",
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       "spdxElementId": "SPDXRef-PACKAGE-hacl-star"
     },
     {
-      "relatedSpdxElement": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-hacl-include-krml-types.h",
+      "relatedSpdxElement": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-hacl-Hacl-Hash-SHA2.c",
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       "spdxElementId": "SPDXRef-PACKAGE-hacl-star"
     },
     {
-      "relatedSpdxElement": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-hacl-internal-Hacl-Hash-MD5.h",
+      "relatedSpdxElement": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-hacl-Hacl-Hash-SHA2.h",
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       "spdxElementId": "SPDXRef-PACKAGE-hacl-star"
     },
     {
-      "relatedSpdxElement": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-hacl-internal-Hacl-Hash-SHA1.h",
+      "relatedSpdxElement": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-hacl-Hacl-Hash-SHA3.c",
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       "spdxElementId": "SPDXRef-PACKAGE-hacl-star"
     },
     {
-      "relatedSpdxElement": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-hacl-internal-Hacl-Hash-SHA2.h",
+      "relatedSpdxElement": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-hacl-Hacl-Hash-SHA3.h",
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       "spdxElementId": "SPDXRef-PACKAGE-hacl-star"
     },
     {
-      "relatedSpdxElement": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-hacl-internal-Hacl-Hash-SHA3.h",
+      "relatedSpdxElement": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-hacl-Hacl-Streaming-Types.h",
       "relationshipType": "CONTAINS",
       "spdxElementId": "SPDXRef-PACKAGE-hacl-star"
     },
     {
-      "relatedSpdxElement": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-hacl-python-hacl-namespaces.h",
+      "relatedSpdxElement": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-hacl-Lib-Memzero0.c",
+      "relationshipType": "CONTAINS",
+      "spdxElementId": "SPDXRef-PACKAGE-hacl-star"
+    },
+    {
+      "relatedSpdxElement": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-hacl-include-krml-FStar-UInt128-Verified.h",
+      "relationshipType": "CONTAINS",
+      "spdxElementId": "SPDXRef-PACKAGE-hacl-star"
+    },
+    {
+      "relatedSpdxElement": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-hacl-include-krml-FStar-UInt-8-16-32-64.h",
       "relationshipType": "CONTAINS",
       "spdxElementId": "SPDXRef-PACKAGE-hacl-star"
     },
     {
-      "relatedSpdxElement": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-blake2-impl-blake2-config.h",
+      "relatedSpdxElement": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-hacl-include-krml-fstar-uint128-struct-endianness.h",
       "relationshipType": "CONTAINS",
-      "spdxElementId": "SPDXRef-PACKAGE-libb2"
+      "spdxElementId": "SPDXRef-PACKAGE-hacl-star"
     },
     {
-      "relatedSpdxElement": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-blake2-impl-blake2-impl.h",
+      "relatedSpdxElement": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-hacl-include-krml-internal-target.h",
       "relationshipType": "CONTAINS",
-      "spdxElementId": "SPDXRef-PACKAGE-libb2"
+      "spdxElementId": "SPDXRef-PACKAGE-hacl-star"
     },
     {
-      "relatedSpdxElement": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-blake2-impl-blake2.h",
+      "relatedSpdxElement": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-hacl-include-krml-lowstar-endianness.h",
       "relationshipType": "CONTAINS",
-      "spdxElementId": "SPDXRef-PACKAGE-libb2"
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     },
     {
-      "relatedSpdxElement": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-blake2-impl-blake2b-load-sse2.h",
+      "relatedSpdxElement": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-hacl-include-krml-types.h",
       "relationshipType": "CONTAINS",
-      "spdxElementId": "SPDXRef-PACKAGE-libb2"
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     {
-      "relatedSpdxElement": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-blake2-impl-blake2b-load-sse41.h",
+      "relatedSpdxElement": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-hacl-internal-Hacl-Hash-Blake2b.h",
       "relationshipType": "CONTAINS",
-      "spdxElementId": "SPDXRef-PACKAGE-libb2"
+      "spdxElementId": "SPDXRef-PACKAGE-hacl-star"
     },
     {
-      "relatedSpdxElement": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-blake2-impl-blake2b-ref.c",
+      "relatedSpdxElement": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-hacl-internal-Hacl-Hash-Blake2b-Simd256.h",
       "relationshipType": "CONTAINS",
-      "spdxElementId": "SPDXRef-PACKAGE-libb2"
+      "spdxElementId": "SPDXRef-PACKAGE-hacl-star"
     },
     {
-      "relatedSpdxElement": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-blake2-impl-blake2b-round.h",
+      "relatedSpdxElement": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-hacl-internal-Hacl-Hash-Blake2s.h",
       "relationshipType": "CONTAINS",
-      "spdxElementId": "SPDXRef-PACKAGE-libb2"
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     {
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+      "relatedSpdxElement": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-hacl-internal-Hacl-Hash-Blake2s-Simd128.h",
       "relationshipType": "CONTAINS",
-      "spdxElementId": "SPDXRef-PACKAGE-libb2"
+      "spdxElementId": "SPDXRef-PACKAGE-hacl-star"
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-      "relatedSpdxElement": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-blake2-impl-blake2s-load-sse2.h",
+      "relatedSpdxElement": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-hacl-internal-Hacl-Hash-MD5.h",
       "relationshipType": "CONTAINS",
-      "spdxElementId": "SPDXRef-PACKAGE-libb2"
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+      "relatedSpdxElement": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-hacl-internal-Hacl-Hash-SHA1.h",
       "relationshipType": "CONTAINS",
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-      "relatedSpdxElement": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-blake2-impl-blake2s-load-xop.h",
+      "relatedSpdxElement": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-hacl-internal-Hacl-Hash-SHA2.h",
       "relationshipType": "CONTAINS",
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     {
-      "relatedSpdxElement": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-blake2-impl-blake2s-ref.c",
+      "relatedSpdxElement": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-hacl-internal-Hacl-Hash-SHA3.h",
       "relationshipType": "CONTAINS",
-      "spdxElementId": "SPDXRef-PACKAGE-libb2"
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     {
-      "relatedSpdxElement": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-blake2-impl-blake2s-round.h",
+      "relatedSpdxElement": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-hacl-internal-Hacl-Impl-Blake2-Constants.h",
       "relationshipType": "CONTAINS",
-      "spdxElementId": "SPDXRef-PACKAGE-libb2"
+      "spdxElementId": "SPDXRef-PACKAGE-hacl-star"
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     {
-      "relatedSpdxElement": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-blake2-impl-blake2s.c",
+      "relatedSpdxElement": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-hacl-lib-memzero0.h",
       "relationshipType": "CONTAINS",
-      "spdxElementId": "SPDXRef-PACKAGE-libb2"
+      "spdxElementId": "SPDXRef-PACKAGE-hacl-star"
+    },
+    {
+      "relatedSpdxElement": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-hacl-libintvector.h",
+      "relationshipType": "CONTAINS",
+      "spdxElementId": "SPDXRef-PACKAGE-hacl-star"
+    },
+    {
+      "relatedSpdxElement": "SPDXRef-FILE-Modules-hacl-python-hacl-namespaces.h",
+      "relationshipType": "CONTAINS",
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diff --git a/Misc/stable_abi.toml b/Misc/stable_abi.toml
index 77473662aaa76c..f9e51f0683c965 100644
--- a/Misc/stable_abi.toml
+++ b/Misc/stable_abi.toml
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
 # - struct_abi_kind: for `struct`, defines how much of the struct is exposed:
 #   - 'full-abi': All of the struct is part of the ABI, including the size
 #     (users may define arrays of these structs).
-#     Typically used for initalization, rather than at runtime.
+#     Typically used for initialization, rather than at runtime.
 #   - 'opaque': No members are part of the ABI, nor is the size. The Limited
 #     API only handles these via pointers. The C definition should be
 #     incomplete (opaque).
@@ -2480,8 +2480,6 @@
 [function._Py_SetRefcnt]
     added = '3.13'
     abi_only = true
-[data.PyExc_IncompleteInputError]
-    added = '3.13'
 [function.PyList_GetItemRef]
     added = '3.13'
 [typedef.PyCFunctionFast]
@@ -2507,3 +2505,38 @@
     added = '3.13'
 [function.PyEval_GetFrameLocals]
     added = '3.13'
+
+[function.Py_TYPE]
+    added = '3.14'
+[function.Py_REFCNT]
+    added = '3.14'
+[function.PyIter_NextItem]
+    added = '3.14'
+[function.PyLong_FromInt32]
+    added = '3.14'
+[function.PyLong_FromUInt32]
+    added = '3.14'
+[function.PyLong_AsInt32]
+    added = '3.14'
+[function.PyLong_AsUInt32]
+    added = '3.14'
+[function.PyLong_FromInt64]
+    added = '3.14'
+[function.PyLong_FromUInt64]
+    added = '3.14'
+[function.PyLong_AsInt64]
+    added = '3.14'
+[function.PyLong_AsUInt64]
+    added = '3.14'
+[const.Py_tp_vectorcall]
+    added = '3.14'
+[function.PyType_GetBaseByToken]
+    added = '3.14'
+[const.Py_tp_token]
+    added = '3.14'
+[const.Py_TP_USE_SPEC]
+    added = '3.14'
+[function.PyUnicode_Equal]
+    added = '3.14'
+[function.PyType_Freeze]
+    added = '3.14'
diff --git a/Misc/valgrind-python.supp b/Misc/valgrind-python.supp
index 29954c1bbad350..8b2027cd452767 100644
--- a/Misc/valgrind-python.supp
+++ b/Misc/valgrind-python.supp
@@ -95,6 +95,49 @@
    fun:COMMENT_THIS_LINE_TO_DISABLE_LEAK_WARNING
 }
 
+#
+# Leaks: dlopen() called without dlclose()
+#
+
+{
+   dlopen() called without dlclose()
+   Memcheck:Leak
+   fun:malloc
+   fun:malloc
+   fun:strdup
+   fun:_dl_load_cache_lookup
+}
+{
+   dlopen() called without dlclose()
+   Memcheck:Leak
+   fun:malloc
+   fun:malloc
+   fun:strdup
+   fun:_dl_map_object
+}
+{
+   dlopen() called without dlclose()
+   Memcheck:Leak
+   fun:malloc
+   fun:*
+   fun:_dl_new_object
+}
+{
+   dlopen() called without dlclose()
+   Memcheck:Leak
+   fun:calloc
+   fun:*
+   fun:_dl_new_object
+}
+{
+   dlopen() called without dlclose()
+   Memcheck:Leak
+   fun:calloc
+   fun:*
+   fun:_dl_check_map_versions
+}
+
+
 #
 # Non-python specific leaks
 #
diff --git a/Modules/Setup b/Modules/Setup
index e4acf6bc7de8ea..ddf39e0b966610 100644
--- a/Modules/Setup
+++ b/Modules/Setup
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ PYTHONPATH=$(COREPYTHONPATH)
 #pyexpat pyexpat.c
 
 # hashing builtins
-#_blake2 _blake2/blake2module.c _blake2/blake2b_impl.c _blake2/blake2s_impl.c
+#_blake2 blake2module.c -I$(srcdir)/Modules/_hacl/include Modules/_hacl/libHacl_Hash_Blake2.a
 #_md5 md5module.c -I$(srcdir)/Modules/_hacl/include _hacl/Hacl_Hash_MD5.c -D_BSD_SOURCE -D_DEFAULT_SOURCE
 #_sha1 sha1module.c -I$(srcdir)/Modules/_hacl/include _hacl/Hacl_Hash_SHA1.c -D_BSD_SOURCE -D_DEFAULT_SOURCE
 #_sha2 sha2module.c -I$(srcdir)/Modules/_hacl/include Modules/_hacl/libHacl_Hash_SHA2.a
diff --git a/Modules/Setup.bootstrap.in b/Modules/Setup.bootstrap.in
index aa4e60e272653b..4dcc0f55176d0e 100644
--- a/Modules/Setup.bootstrap.in
+++ b/Modules/Setup.bootstrap.in
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ _weakref _weakref.c
 _abc _abc.c
 _functools _functoolsmodule.c
 _locale _localemodule.c
+_opcode _opcode.c
 _operator _operator.c
 _stat _stat.c
 _symtable symtablemodule.c
diff --git a/Modules/Setup.stdlib.in b/Modules/Setup.stdlib.in
index 78b979698fcd75..52c0f883d383db 100644
--- a/Modules/Setup.stdlib.in
+++ b/Modules/Setup.stdlib.in
@@ -36,7 +36,6 @@
 @MODULE__HEAPQ_TRUE@_heapq _heapqmodule.c
 @MODULE__JSON_TRUE@_json _json.c
 @MODULE__LSPROF_TRUE@_lsprof _lsprof.c rotatingtree.c
-@MODULE__OPCODE_TRUE@_opcode _opcode.c
 @MODULE__PICKLE_TRUE@_pickle _pickle.c
 @MODULE__QUEUE_TRUE@_queue _queuemodule.c
 @MODULE__RANDOM_TRUE@_random _randommodule.c
@@ -83,7 +82,7 @@
 @MODULE__SHA1_TRUE@_sha1 sha1module.c -I$(srcdir)/Modules/_hacl/include _hacl/Hacl_Hash_SHA1.c -D_BSD_SOURCE -D_DEFAULT_SOURCE
 @MODULE__SHA2_TRUE@_sha2 sha2module.c -I$(srcdir)/Modules/_hacl/include Modules/_hacl/libHacl_Hash_SHA2.a
 @MODULE__SHA3_TRUE@_sha3 sha3module.c -I$(srcdir)/Modules/_hacl/include _hacl/Hacl_Hash_SHA3.c -D_BSD_SOURCE -D_DEFAULT_SOURCE
-@MODULE__BLAKE2_TRUE@_blake2 _blake2/blake2module.c _blake2/blake2b_impl.c _blake2/blake2s_impl.c
+@MODULE__BLAKE2_TRUE@_blake2 blake2module.c -I$(srcdir)/Modules/_hacl/include Modules/_hacl/libHacl_Hash_Blake2.a
 
 ############################################################################
 # XML and text
@@ -163,8 +162,8 @@
 @MODULE__XXTESTFUZZ_TRUE@_xxtestfuzz _xxtestfuzz/_xxtestfuzz.c _xxtestfuzz/fuzzer.c
 @MODULE__TESTBUFFER_TRUE@_testbuffer _testbuffer.c
 @MODULE__TESTINTERNALCAPI_TRUE@_testinternalcapi _testinternalcapi.c _testinternalcapi/test_lock.c _testinternalcapi/pytime.c _testinternalcapi/set.c _testinternalcapi/test_critical_sections.c
-@MODULE__TESTCAPI_TRUE@_testcapi _testcapimodule.c _testcapi/vectorcall.c _testcapi/heaptype.c _testcapi/abstract.c _testcapi/unicode.c _testcapi/dict.c _testcapi/set.c _testcapi/list.c _testcapi/tuple.c _testcapi/getargs.c _testcapi/datetime.c _testcapi/docstring.c _testcapi/mem.c _testcapi/watchers.c _testcapi/long.c _testcapi/float.c _testcapi/complex.c _testcapi/numbers.c _testcapi/structmember.c _testcapi/exceptions.c _testcapi/code.c _testcapi/buffer.c _testcapi/pyatomic.c _testcapi/run.c _testcapi/file.c _testcapi/codec.c _testcapi/immortal.c _testcapi/gc.c _testcapi/hash.c _testcapi/time.c _testcapi/bytes.c _testcapi/object.c _testcapi/monitoring.c
-@MODULE__TESTLIMITEDCAPI_TRUE@_testlimitedcapi _testlimitedcapi.c _testlimitedcapi/abstract.c _testlimitedcapi/bytearray.c _testlimitedcapi/bytes.c _testlimitedcapi/complex.c _testlimitedcapi/dict.c _testlimitedcapi/float.c _testlimitedcapi/heaptype_relative.c _testlimitedcapi/list.c _testlimitedcapi/long.c _testlimitedcapi/object.c _testlimitedcapi/pyos.c _testlimitedcapi/set.c _testlimitedcapi/sys.c _testlimitedcapi/unicode.c _testlimitedcapi/vectorcall_limited.c
+@MODULE__TESTCAPI_TRUE@_testcapi _testcapimodule.c _testcapi/vectorcall.c _testcapi/heaptype.c _testcapi/abstract.c _testcapi/unicode.c _testcapi/dict.c _testcapi/set.c _testcapi/list.c _testcapi/tuple.c _testcapi/getargs.c _testcapi/datetime.c _testcapi/docstring.c _testcapi/mem.c _testcapi/watchers.c _testcapi/long.c _testcapi/float.c _testcapi/complex.c _testcapi/numbers.c _testcapi/structmember.c _testcapi/exceptions.c _testcapi/code.c _testcapi/buffer.c _testcapi/pyatomic.c _testcapi/run.c _testcapi/file.c _testcapi/codec.c _testcapi/immortal.c _testcapi/gc.c _testcapi/hash.c _testcapi/time.c _testcapi/bytes.c _testcapi/object.c _testcapi/monitoring.c  _testcapi/config.c
+@MODULE__TESTLIMITEDCAPI_TRUE@_testlimitedcapi _testlimitedcapi.c _testlimitedcapi/abstract.c _testlimitedcapi/bytearray.c _testlimitedcapi/bytes.c _testlimitedcapi/codec.c _testlimitedcapi/complex.c _testlimitedcapi/dict.c _testlimitedcapi/eval.c _testlimitedcapi/float.c _testlimitedcapi/heaptype_relative.c _testlimitedcapi/list.c _testlimitedcapi/long.c _testlimitedcapi/object.c _testlimitedcapi/pyos.c _testlimitedcapi/set.c _testlimitedcapi/sys.c _testlimitedcapi/tuple.c _testlimitedcapi/unicode.c _testlimitedcapi/vectorcall_limited.c
 @MODULE__TESTCLINIC_TRUE@_testclinic _testclinic.c
 @MODULE__TESTCLINIC_LIMITED_TRUE@_testclinic_limited _testclinic_limited.c
 
diff --git a/Modules/_asynciomodule.c b/Modules/_asynciomodule.c
index a26714f9755df5..d4135f04e56575 100644
--- a/Modules/_asynciomodule.c
+++ b/Modules/_asynciomodule.c
@@ -3,9 +3,12 @@
 #endif
 
 #include "Python.h"
+#include "pycore_critical_section.h"  // Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION_MUT()
 #include "pycore_dict.h"          // _PyDict_GetItem_KnownHash()
+#include "pycore_freelist.h"      // _Py_FREELIST_POP()
 #include "pycore_modsupport.h"    // _PyArg_CheckPositional()
 #include "pycore_moduleobject.h"  // _PyModule_GetState()
+#include "pycore_object.h"        // _Py_SetImmortalUntracked
 #include "pycore_pyerrors.h"      // _PyErr_ClearExcState()
 #include "pycore_pylifecycle.h"   // _Py_IsInterpreterFinalizing()
 #include "pycore_pystate.h"       // _PyThreadState_GET()
@@ -19,13 +22,76 @@ module _asyncio
 [clinic start generated code]*/
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=da39a3ee5e6b4b0d input=8fd17862aa989c69]*/
 
+typedef enum {
+    STATE_PENDING,
+    STATE_CANCELLED,
+    STATE_FINISHED
+} fut_state;
+
+#define FutureObj_HEAD(prefix)                                              \
+    PyObject_HEAD                                                           \
+    PyObject *prefix##_loop;                                                \
+    PyObject *prefix##_callback0;                                           \
+    PyObject *prefix##_context0;                                            \
+    PyObject *prefix##_callbacks;                                           \
+    PyObject *prefix##_exception;                                           \
+    PyObject *prefix##_exception_tb;                                        \
+    PyObject *prefix##_result;                                              \
+    PyObject *prefix##_source_tb;                                           \
+    PyObject *prefix##_cancel_msg;                                          \
+    PyObject *prefix##_cancelled_exc;                                       \
+    fut_state prefix##_state;                                               \
+    /* These bitfields need to be at the end of the struct
+       so that these and bitfields from TaskObj are contiguous.
+    */                                                                      \
+    unsigned prefix##_log_tb: 1;                                            \
+    unsigned prefix##_blocking: 1;
 
-#define FI_FREELIST_MAXLEN 255
+typedef struct {
+    FutureObj_HEAD(fut)
+} FutureObj;
+
+typedef struct TaskObj {
+    FutureObj_HEAD(task)
+    unsigned task_must_cancel: 1;
+    unsigned task_log_destroy_pending: 1;
+    int task_num_cancels_requested;
+    PyObject *task_fut_waiter;
+    PyObject *task_coro;
+    PyObject *task_name;
+    PyObject *task_context;
+    struct TaskObj *next;
+    struct TaskObj *prev;
+} TaskObj;
+
+typedef struct {
+    PyObject_HEAD
+    TaskObj *sw_task;
+    PyObject *sw_arg;
+} TaskStepMethWrapper;
+
+
+#define Future_CheckExact(state, obj) Py_IS_TYPE(obj, state->FutureType)
+#define Task_CheckExact(state, obj) Py_IS_TYPE(obj, state->TaskType)
+
+#define Future_Check(state, obj) PyObject_TypeCheck(obj, state->FutureType)
+#define Task_Check(state, obj) PyObject_TypeCheck(obj, state->TaskType)
+
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+#   define ASYNCIO_STATE_LOCK(state) Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION_MUT(&state->mutex)
+#   define ASYNCIO_STATE_UNLOCK(state) Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION()
+#else
+#   define ASYNCIO_STATE_LOCK(state) ((void)state)
+#   define ASYNCIO_STATE_UNLOCK(state) ((void)state)
+#endif
 
 typedef struct futureiterobject futureiterobject;
 
 /* State of the _asyncio module */
 typedef struct {
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    PyMutex mutex;
+#endif
     PyTypeObject *FutureIterType;
     PyTypeObject *TaskStepMethWrapper_Type;
     PyTypeObject *FutureType;
@@ -38,8 +104,9 @@ typedef struct {
        all running event loops.  {EventLoop: Task} */
     PyObject *current_tasks;
 
-    /* WeakSet containing all tasks scheduled to run on event loops. */
-    PyObject *scheduled_tasks;
+    /* WeakSet containing scheduled 3rd party tasks which don't
+       inherit from native asyncio.Task */
+    PyObject *non_asyncio_tasks;
 
     /* Set containing all eagerly executing tasks. */
     PyObject *eager_tasks;
@@ -68,14 +135,53 @@ typedef struct {
     /* Imports from traceback. */
     PyObject *traceback_extract_stack;
 
-    PyObject *cached_running_loop; // Borrowed reference
-    volatile uint64_t cached_running_loop_tsid;
-
     /* Counter for autogenerated Task names */
     uint64_t task_name_counter;
 
-    futureiterobject *fi_freelist;
-    Py_ssize_t fi_freelist_len;
+    /* Linked-list of all tasks which are instances of asyncio.Task or subclasses
+       of it. Third party tasks implementations which don't inherit from
+       asyncio.Task are tracked separately using the 'non_asyncio_tasks' WeakSet.
+       `tail` is used as a sentinel to mark the end of the linked-list. It avoids one
+       branch in checking for empty list when adding a new task, the list is
+       initialized with `head` pointing to `tail` to mark an empty list.
+
+       Invariants:
+        * When the list is empty:
+        - asyncio_tasks.head == &asyncio_tasks.tail
+        - asyncio_tasks.head->prev == NULL
+        - asyncio_tasks.head->next == NULL
+
+        * After adding the first task 'task1':
+        - asyncio_tasks.head == task1
+        - task1->next == &asyncio_tasks.tail
+        - task1->prev == NULL
+        - asyncio_tasks.tail.prev == task1
+
+        * After adding a second task 'task2':
+        - asyncio_tasks.head == task2
+        - task2->next == task1
+        - task2->prev == NULL
+        - task1->prev == task2
+        - asyncio_tasks.tail.prev == task1
+
+        * After removing task 'task1':
+        - asyncio_tasks.head == task2
+        - task2->next == &asyncio_tasks.tail
+        - task2->prev == NULL
+        - asyncio_tasks.tail.prev == task2
+
+        * After removing task 'task2', the list is empty:
+        - asyncio_tasks.head == &asyncio_tasks.tail
+        - asyncio_tasks.head->prev == NULL
+        - asyncio_tasks.tail.prev == NULL
+        - asyncio_tasks.tail.next == NULL
+    */
+
+    struct {
+        TaskObj tail;
+        TaskObj *head;
+    } asyncio_tasks;
+
 } asyncio_state;
 
 static inline asyncio_state *
@@ -105,59 +211,6 @@ get_asyncio_state_by_def(PyObject *self)
     return get_asyncio_state(mod);
 }
 
-typedef enum {
-    STATE_PENDING,
-    STATE_CANCELLED,
-    STATE_FINISHED
-} fut_state;
-
-#define FutureObj_HEAD(prefix)                                              \
-    PyObject_HEAD                                                           \
-    PyObject *prefix##_loop;                                                \
-    PyObject *prefix##_callback0;                                           \
-    PyObject *prefix##_context0;                                            \
-    PyObject *prefix##_callbacks;                                           \
-    PyObject *prefix##_exception;                                           \
-    PyObject *prefix##_exception_tb;                                        \
-    PyObject *prefix##_result;                                              \
-    PyObject *prefix##_source_tb;                                           \
-    PyObject *prefix##_cancel_msg;                                          \
-    PyObject *prefix##_cancelled_exc;                                       \
-    fut_state prefix##_state;                                               \
-    /* These bitfields need to be at the end of the struct
-       so that these and bitfields from TaskObj are contiguous.
-    */                                                                      \
-    unsigned prefix##_log_tb: 1;                                            \
-    unsigned prefix##_blocking: 1;
-
-typedef struct {
-    FutureObj_HEAD(fut)
-} FutureObj;
-
-typedef struct {
-    FutureObj_HEAD(task)
-    unsigned task_must_cancel: 1;
-    unsigned task_log_destroy_pending: 1;
-    int task_num_cancels_requested;
-    PyObject *task_fut_waiter;
-    PyObject *task_coro;
-    PyObject *task_name;
-    PyObject *task_context;
-} TaskObj;
-
-typedef struct {
-    PyObject_HEAD
-    TaskObj *sw_task;
-    PyObject *sw_arg;
-} TaskStepMethWrapper;
-
-
-#define Future_CheckExact(state, obj) Py_IS_TYPE(obj, state->FutureType)
-#define Task_CheckExact(state, obj) Py_IS_TYPE(obj, state->TaskType)
-
-#define Future_Check(state, obj) PyObject_TypeCheck(obj, state->FutureType)
-#define Task_Check(state, obj) PyObject_TypeCheck(obj, state->TaskType)
-
 #include "clinic/_asynciomodule.c.h"
 
 
@@ -262,96 +315,15 @@ get_future_loop(asyncio_state *state, PyObject *fut)
     return PyObject_GetAttr(fut, &_Py_ID(_loop));
 }
 
-
-static int
-get_running_loop(asyncio_state *state, PyObject **loop)
-{
-    PyObject *rl;
-
-    PyThreadState *ts = _PyThreadState_GET();
-    uint64_t ts_id = PyThreadState_GetID(ts);
-    if (state->cached_running_loop_tsid == ts_id &&
-        state->cached_running_loop != NULL)
-    {
-        // Fast path, check the cache.
-        rl = state->cached_running_loop;
-    }
-    else {
-        PyObject *ts_dict = _PyThreadState_GetDict(ts);  // borrowed
-        if (ts_dict == NULL) {
-            goto not_found;
-        }
-
-        rl = PyDict_GetItemWithError(
-            ts_dict, &_Py_ID(__asyncio_running_event_loop__));  // borrowed
-        if (rl == NULL) {
-            if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
-                goto error;
-            }
-            else {
-                goto not_found;
-            }
-        }
-
-        state->cached_running_loop = rl;
-        state->cached_running_loop_tsid = ts_id;
-    }
-
-
-    if (rl == Py_None) {
-        goto not_found;
-    }
-
-    *loop = Py_NewRef(rl);
-    return 0;
-
-not_found:
-    *loop = NULL;
-    return 0;
-
-error:
-    *loop = NULL;
-    return -1;
-}
-
-
-static int
-set_running_loop(asyncio_state *state, PyObject *loop)
-{
-    PyObject *ts_dict = NULL;
-
-    PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
-    if (tstate != NULL) {
-        ts_dict = _PyThreadState_GetDict(tstate);  // borrowed
-    }
-
-    if (ts_dict == NULL) {
-        PyErr_SetString(
-            PyExc_RuntimeError, "thread-local storage is not available");
-        return -1;
-    }
-    if (PyDict_SetItem(
-            ts_dict, &_Py_ID(__asyncio_running_event_loop__), loop) < 0)
-    {
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    state->cached_running_loop = loop; // borrowed, kept alive by ts_dict
-    state->cached_running_loop_tsid = PyThreadState_GetID(tstate);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-
 static PyObject *
 get_event_loop(asyncio_state *state)
 {
     PyObject *loop;
     PyObject *policy;
 
-    if (get_running_loop(state, &loop)) {
-        return NULL;
-    }
+    _PyThreadStateImpl *ts = (_PyThreadStateImpl *)_PyThreadState_GET();
+    loop = Py_XNewRef(ts->asyncio_running_loop);
+
     if (loop != NULL) {
         return loop;
     }
@@ -434,18 +406,22 @@ future_ensure_alive(FutureObj *fut)
 static int
 future_schedule_callbacks(asyncio_state *state, FutureObj *fut)
 {
-    Py_ssize_t len;
-    Py_ssize_t i;
-
     if (fut->fut_callback0 != NULL) {
         /* There's a 1st callback */
 
-        int ret = call_soon(state,
-            fut->fut_loop, fut->fut_callback0,
-            (PyObject *)fut, fut->fut_context0);
-
-        Py_CLEAR(fut->fut_callback0);
-        Py_CLEAR(fut->fut_context0);
+        // Beware: An evil call_soon could alter fut_callback0 or fut_context0.
+        // Since we are anyway clearing them after the call, whether call_soon
+        // succeeds or not, the idea is to transfer ownership so that external
+        // code is not able to alter them during the call.
+        PyObject *fut_callback0 = fut->fut_callback0;
+        fut->fut_callback0 = NULL;
+        PyObject *fut_context0 = fut->fut_context0;
+        fut->fut_context0 = NULL;
+
+        int ret = call_soon(state, fut->fut_loop, fut_callback0,
+                            (PyObject *)fut, fut_context0);
+        Py_CLEAR(fut_callback0);
+        Py_CLEAR(fut_context0);
         if (ret) {
             /* If an error occurs in pure-Python implementation,
                all callbacks are cleared. */
@@ -462,27 +438,25 @@ future_schedule_callbacks(asyncio_state *state, FutureObj *fut)
         return 0;
     }
 
-    len = PyList_GET_SIZE(fut->fut_callbacks);
-    if (len == 0) {
-        /* The list of callbacks was empty; clear it and return. */
-        Py_CLEAR(fut->fut_callbacks);
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
-        PyObject *cb_tup = PyList_GET_ITEM(fut->fut_callbacks, i);
+    // Beware: An evil call_soon could change fut->fut_callbacks.
+    // The idea is to transfer the ownership of the callbacks list
+    // so that external code is not able to mutate the list during
+    // the iteration.
+    PyObject *callbacks = fut->fut_callbacks;
+    fut->fut_callbacks = NULL;
+    Py_ssize_t n = PyList_GET_SIZE(callbacks);
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        assert(PyList_GET_SIZE(callbacks) == n);
+        PyObject *cb_tup = PyList_GET_ITEM(callbacks, i);
         PyObject *cb = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(cb_tup, 0);
         PyObject *ctx = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(cb_tup, 1);
 
         if (call_soon(state, fut->fut_loop, cb, (PyObject *)fut, ctx)) {
-            /* If an error occurs in pure-Python implementation,
-               all callbacks are cleared. */
-            Py_CLEAR(fut->fut_callbacks);
+            Py_DECREF(callbacks);
             return -1;
         }
     }
-
-    Py_CLEAR(fut->fut_callbacks);
+    Py_DECREF(callbacks);
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -1045,7 +1019,12 @@ _asyncio_Future_remove_done_callback_impl(FutureObj *self, PyTypeObject *cls,
     ENSURE_FUTURE_ALIVE(state, self)
 
     if (self->fut_callback0 != NULL) {
-        int cmp = PyObject_RichCompareBool(self->fut_callback0, fn, Py_EQ);
+        // Beware: An evil PyObject_RichCompareBool could free fut_callback0
+        // before a recursive call is made with that same arg. For details, see
+        // https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/125967#discussion_r1816593340.
+        PyObject *fut_callback0 = Py_NewRef(self->fut_callback0);
+        int cmp = PyObject_RichCompareBool(fut_callback0, fn, Py_EQ);
+        Py_DECREF(fut_callback0);
         if (cmp == -1) {
             return NULL;
         }
@@ -1293,52 +1272,49 @@ static PyObject *
 FutureObj_get_callbacks(FutureObj *fut, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
     asyncio_state *state = get_asyncio_state_by_def((PyObject *)fut);
-    Py_ssize_t i;
-
     ENSURE_FUTURE_ALIVE(state, fut)
 
-    if (fut->fut_callback0 == NULL) {
-        if (fut->fut_callbacks == NULL) {
-            Py_RETURN_NONE;
-        }
-
-        return Py_NewRef(fut->fut_callbacks);
+    Py_ssize_t len = 0;
+    if (fut->fut_callback0 != NULL) {
+        len++;
     }
-
-    Py_ssize_t len = 1;
     if (fut->fut_callbacks != NULL) {
         len += PyList_GET_SIZE(fut->fut_callbacks);
     }
 
-
-    PyObject *new_list = PyList_New(len);
-    if (new_list == NULL) {
-        return NULL;
+    if (len == 0) {
+        Py_RETURN_NONE;
     }
 
-    PyObject *tup0 = PyTuple_New(2);
-    if (tup0 == NULL) {
-        Py_DECREF(new_list);
+    PyObject *callbacks = PyList_New(len);
+    if (callbacks == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    Py_INCREF(fut->fut_callback0);
-    PyTuple_SET_ITEM(tup0, 0, fut->fut_callback0);
-    assert(fut->fut_context0 != NULL);
-    Py_INCREF(fut->fut_context0);
-    PyTuple_SET_ITEM(tup0, 1, (PyObject *)fut->fut_context0);
-
-    PyList_SET_ITEM(new_list, 0, tup0);
+    Py_ssize_t i = 0;
+    if (fut->fut_callback0 != NULL) {
+        PyObject *tup0 = PyTuple_New(2);
+        if (tup0 == NULL) {
+            Py_DECREF(callbacks);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        PyTuple_SET_ITEM(tup0, 0, Py_NewRef(fut->fut_callback0));
+        assert(fut->fut_context0 != NULL);
+        PyTuple_SET_ITEM(tup0, 1, Py_NewRef(fut->fut_context0));
+        PyList_SET_ITEM(callbacks, i, tup0);
+        i++;
+    }
 
     if (fut->fut_callbacks != NULL) {
-        for (i = 0; i < PyList_GET_SIZE(fut->fut_callbacks); i++) {
-            PyObject *cb = PyList_GET_ITEM(fut->fut_callbacks, i);
+        for (Py_ssize_t j = 0; j < PyList_GET_SIZE(fut->fut_callbacks); j++) {
+            PyObject *cb = PyList_GET_ITEM(fut->fut_callbacks, j);
             Py_INCREF(cb);
-            PyList_SET_ITEM(new_list, i + 1, cb);
+            PyList_SET_ITEM(callbacks, i, cb);
+            i++;
         }
     }
 
-    return new_list;
+    return callbacks;
 }
 
 static PyObject *
@@ -1602,29 +1578,12 @@ FutureIter_dealloc(futureiterobject *it)
 {
     PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(it);
 
-    // FutureIter is a heap type so any subclass must also be a heap type.
     assert(_PyType_HasFeature(tp, Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE));
 
-    PyObject *module = ((PyHeapTypeObject*)tp)->ht_module;
-    asyncio_state *state = NULL;
-
     PyObject_GC_UnTrack(it);
     tp->tp_clear((PyObject *)it);
 
-    // GH-115874: We can't use PyType_GetModuleByDef here as the type might have
-    // already been cleared, which is also why we must check if ht_module != NULL.
-    // Due to this restriction, subclasses that belong to a different module
-    // will not be able to use the free list.
-    if (module && _PyModule_GetDef(module) == &_asynciomodule) {
-        state = get_asyncio_state(module);
-    }
-
-    if (state && state->fi_freelist_len < FI_FREELIST_MAXLEN) {
-        state->fi_freelist_len++;
-        it->future = (FutureObj*) state->fi_freelist;
-        state->fi_freelist = it;
-    }
-    else {
+    if (!_Py_FREELIST_PUSH(futureiters, it, Py_futureiters_MAXFREELIST)) {
         PyObject_GC_Del(it);
         Py_DECREF(tp);
     }
@@ -1828,14 +1787,8 @@ future_new_iter(PyObject *fut)
     asyncio_state *state = get_asyncio_state_by_def((PyObject *)fut);
     ENSURE_FUTURE_ALIVE(state, fut)
 
-    if (state->fi_freelist_len) {
-        state->fi_freelist_len--;
-        it = state->fi_freelist;
-        state->fi_freelist = (futureiterobject*) it->future;
-        it->future = NULL;
-        _Py_NewReference((PyObject*) it);
-    }
-    else {
+    it = _Py_FREELIST_POP(futureiterobject, futureiters);
+    if (it == NULL) {
         it = PyObject_GC_New(futureiterobject, state->FutureIterType);
         if (it == NULL) {
             return NULL;
@@ -1967,16 +1920,24 @@ static  PyMethodDef TaskWakeupDef = {
 
 /* ----- Task introspection helpers */
 
-static int
-register_task(asyncio_state *state, PyObject *task)
+static void
+register_task(asyncio_state *state, TaskObj *task)
 {
-    PyObject *res = PyObject_CallMethodOneArg(state->scheduled_tasks,
-                                                 &_Py_ID(add), task);
-    if (res == NULL) {
-        return -1;
+    ASYNCIO_STATE_LOCK(state);
+    assert(Task_Check(state, task));
+    assert(task != &state->asyncio_tasks.tail);
+    if (task->next != NULL) {
+        // already registered
+        goto exit;
     }
-    Py_DECREF(res);
-    return 0;
+    assert(task->prev == NULL);
+    assert(state->asyncio_tasks.head != NULL);
+
+    task->next = state->asyncio_tasks.head;
+    state->asyncio_tasks.head->prev = task;
+    state->asyncio_tasks.head = task;
+exit:
+    ASYNCIO_STATE_UNLOCK(state);
 }
 
 static int
@@ -1985,16 +1946,30 @@ register_eager_task(asyncio_state *state, PyObject *task)
     return PySet_Add(state->eager_tasks, task);
 }
 
-static int
-unregister_task(asyncio_state *state, PyObject *task)
-{
-    PyObject *res = PyObject_CallMethodOneArg(state->scheduled_tasks,
-                                     &_Py_ID(discard), task);
-    if (res == NULL) {
-        return -1;
+static void
+unregister_task(asyncio_state *state, TaskObj *task)
+{
+    ASYNCIO_STATE_LOCK(state);
+    assert(Task_Check(state, task));
+    assert(task != &state->asyncio_tasks.tail);
+    if (task->next == NULL) {
+        // not registered
+        assert(task->prev == NULL);
+        assert(state->asyncio_tasks.head != task);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    task->next->prev = task->prev;
+    if (task->prev == NULL) {
+        assert(state->asyncio_tasks.head == task);
+        state->asyncio_tasks.head = task->next;
+    } else {
+        task->prev->next = task->next;
     }
-    Py_DECREF(res);
-    return 0;
+    task->next = NULL;
+    task->prev = NULL;
+    assert(state->asyncio_tasks.head != task);
+exit:
+    ASYNCIO_STATE_UNLOCK(state);
 }
 
 static int
@@ -2007,14 +1982,11 @@ static int
 enter_task(asyncio_state *state, PyObject *loop, PyObject *task)
 {
     PyObject *item;
-    Py_hash_t hash;
-    hash = PyObject_Hash(loop);
-    if (hash == -1) {
+    int res = PyDict_SetDefaultRef(state->current_tasks, loop, task, &item);
+    if (res < 0) {
         return -1;
     }
-    item = _PyDict_GetItem_KnownHash(state->current_tasks, loop, hash);
-    if (item != NULL) {
-        Py_INCREF(item);
+    else if (res == 1) {
         PyErr_Format(
             PyExc_RuntimeError,
             "Cannot enter into task %R while another " \
@@ -2023,36 +1995,58 @@ enter_task(asyncio_state *state, PyObject *loop, PyObject *task)
         Py_DECREF(item);
         return -1;
     }
-    if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
-        return -1;
-    }
-    return _PyDict_SetItem_KnownHash(state->current_tasks, loop, task, hash);
+    Py_DECREF(item);
+    return 0;
 }
 
+static int
+err_leave_task(PyObject *item, PyObject *task)
+{
+    PyErr_Format(
+        PyExc_RuntimeError,
+        "Leaving task %R does not match the current task %R.",
+        task, item);
+    return -1;
+}
+
+static int
+leave_task_predicate(PyObject *item, void *task)
+{
+    if (item != task) {
+        return err_leave_task(item, (PyObject *)task);
+    }
+    return 1;
+}
 
 static int
 leave_task(asyncio_state *state, PyObject *loop, PyObject *task)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=0ebf6db4b858fb41 input=51296a46313d1ad8]*/
 {
-    PyObject *item;
-    Py_hash_t hash;
-    hash = PyObject_Hash(loop);
-    if (hash == -1) {
-        return -1;
+    int res = _PyDict_DelItemIf(state->current_tasks, loop,
+                                leave_task_predicate, task);
+    if (res == 0) {
+        // task was not found
+        return err_leave_task(Py_None, task);
     }
-    item = _PyDict_GetItem_KnownHash(state->current_tasks, loop, hash);
-    if (item != task) {
-        if (item == NULL) {
-            /* Not entered, replace with None */
-            item = Py_None;
-        }
-        PyErr_Format(
-            PyExc_RuntimeError,
-            "Leaving task %R does not match the current task %R.",
-            task, item, NULL);
-        return -1;
+    return res;
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+swap_current_task_lock_held(PyDictObject *current_tasks, PyObject *loop,
+                            Py_hash_t hash, PyObject *task)
+{
+    PyObject *prev_task;
+    if (_PyDict_GetItemRef_KnownHash_LockHeld(current_tasks, loop, hash, &prev_task) < 0) {
+        return NULL;
     }
-    return _PyDict_DelItem_KnownHash(state->current_tasks, loop, hash);
+    if (_PyDict_SetItem_KnownHash_LockHeld(current_tasks, loop, task, hash) < 0) {
+        Py_XDECREF(prev_task);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if (prev_task == NULL) {
+        Py_RETURN_NONE;
+    }
+    return prev_task;
 }
 
 static PyObject *
@@ -2070,24 +2064,15 @@ swap_current_task(asyncio_state *state, PyObject *loop, PyObject *task)
         return prev_task;
     }
 
-    Py_hash_t hash;
-    hash = PyObject_Hash(loop);
+    Py_hash_t hash = PyObject_Hash(loop);
     if (hash == -1) {
         return NULL;
     }
-    prev_task = _PyDict_GetItem_KnownHash(state->current_tasks, loop, hash);
-    if (prev_task == NULL) {
-        if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        prev_task = Py_None;
-    }
-    Py_INCREF(prev_task);
-    if (_PyDict_SetItem_KnownHash(state->current_tasks, loop, task, hash) == -1) {
-        Py_DECREF(prev_task);
-        return NULL;
-    }
 
+    PyDictObject *current_tasks = (PyDictObject *)state->current_tasks;
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(current_tasks);
+    prev_task = swap_current_task_lock_held(current_tasks, loop, hash, task);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
     return prev_task;
 }
 
@@ -2149,7 +2134,12 @@ _asyncio_Task___init___impl(TaskObj *self, PyObject *coro, PyObject *loop,
         // optimization: defer task name formatting
         // store the task counter as PyLong in the name
         // for deferred formatting in get_name
-        name = PyLong_FromUnsignedLongLong(++state->task_name_counter);
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+        unsigned long long counter = _Py_atomic_add_uint64(&state->task_name_counter, 1) + 1;
+#else
+        unsigned long long counter = ++state->task_name_counter;
+#endif
+        name = PyLong_FromUnsignedLongLong(counter);
     } else if (!PyUnicode_CheckExact(name)) {
         name = PyObject_Str(name);
     } else {
@@ -2178,7 +2168,8 @@ _asyncio_Task___init___impl(TaskObj *self, PyObject *coro, PyObject *loop,
     if (task_call_step_soon(state, self, NULL)) {
         return -1;
     }
-    return register_task(state, (PyObject*)self);
+    register_task(state, self);
+    return 0;
 }
 
 static int
@@ -2523,7 +2514,11 @@ static PyObject *
 _asyncio_Task_get_coro_impl(TaskObj *self)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=bcac27c8cc6c8073 input=d2e8606c42a7b403]*/
 {
-    return Py_NewRef(self->task_coro);
+    if (self->task_coro) {
+        return Py_NewRef(self->task_coro);
+    }
+
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
@@ -2586,6 +2581,15 @@ _asyncio_Task_set_name(TaskObj *self, PyObject *value)
 static void
 TaskObj_finalize(TaskObj *task)
 {
+    asyncio_state *state = get_asyncio_state_by_def((PyObject *)task);
+    // Unregister the task from the linked list of tasks.
+    // Since task is a native task, we directly call the
+    // unregister_task function. Third party event loops
+    // should use the asyncio._unregister_task function.
+    // See https://docs.python.org/3/library/asyncio-extending.html#task-lifetime-support
+
+    unregister_task(state, task);
+
     PyObject *context;
     PyObject *message = NULL;
     PyObject *func;
@@ -2793,7 +2797,7 @@ task_step_impl(asyncio_state *state, TaskObj *task, PyObject *exc)
 
     if (task->task_state != STATE_PENDING) {
         PyErr_Format(state->asyncio_InvalidStateError,
-                     "_step(): already done: %R %R",
+                     "__step(): already done: %R %R",
                      task,
                      exc ? exc : Py_None);
         goto fail;
@@ -3197,9 +3201,7 @@ task_eager_start(asyncio_state *state, TaskObj *task)
     }
 
     if (task->task_state == STATE_PENDING) {
-        if (register_task(state, (PyObject *)task) == -1) {
-            retval = -1;
-        }
+        register_task(state, task);
     } else {
         // This seems to really help performance on pyperformance benchmarks
         Py_CLEAR(task->task_coro);
@@ -3270,11 +3272,8 @@ static PyObject *
 _asyncio__get_running_loop_impl(PyObject *module)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=b4390af721411a0a input=0a21627e25a4bd43]*/
 {
-    PyObject *loop;
-    asyncio_state *state = get_asyncio_state(module);
-    if (get_running_loop(state, &loop)) {
-        return NULL;
-    }
+    _PyThreadStateImpl *ts = (_PyThreadStateImpl *)_PyThreadState_GET();
+    PyObject *loop = Py_XNewRef(ts->asyncio_running_loop);
     if (loop == NULL) {
         /* There's no currently running event loop */
         Py_RETURN_NONE;
@@ -3297,10 +3296,11 @@ static PyObject *
 _asyncio__set_running_loop(PyObject *module, PyObject *loop)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=ae56bf7a28ca189a input=4c9720233d606604]*/
 {
-    asyncio_state *state = get_asyncio_state(module);
-    if (set_running_loop(state, loop)) {
-        return NULL;
+    _PyThreadStateImpl *ts = (_PyThreadStateImpl *)_PyThreadState_GET();
+    if (loop == Py_None) {
+        loop = NULL;
     }
+    Py_XSETREF(ts->asyncio_running_loop, Py_XNewRef(loop));
     Py_RETURN_NONE;
 }
 
@@ -3338,14 +3338,13 @@ _asyncio_get_running_loop_impl(PyObject *module)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=c247b5f9e529530e input=2a3bf02ba39f173d]*/
 {
     PyObject *loop;
-    asyncio_state *state = get_asyncio_state(module);
-    if (get_running_loop(state, &loop)) {
-        return NULL;
-    }
+    _PyThreadStateImpl *ts = (_PyThreadStateImpl *)_PyThreadState_GET();
+    loop = Py_XNewRef(ts->asyncio_running_loop);
     if (loop == NULL) {
         /* There's no currently running event loop */
         PyErr_SetString(
             PyExc_RuntimeError, "no running event loop");
+        return NULL;
     }
     return loop;
 }
@@ -3365,9 +3364,20 @@ _asyncio__register_task_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *task)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=8672dadd69a7d4e2 input=21075aaea14dfbad]*/
 {
     asyncio_state *state = get_asyncio_state(module);
-    if (register_task(state, task) < 0) {
+    if (Task_Check(state, task)) {
+        // task is an asyncio.Task instance or subclass, use efficient
+        // linked-list implementation.
+        register_task(state, (TaskObj *)task);
+        Py_RETURN_NONE;
+    }
+    // As task does not inherit from asyncio.Task, fallback to less efficient
+    // weakset implementation.
+    PyObject *res = PyObject_CallMethodOneArg(state->non_asyncio_tasks,
+                                              &_Py_ID(add), task);
+    if (res == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
+    Py_DECREF(res);
     Py_RETURN_NONE;
 }
 
@@ -3408,9 +3418,16 @@ _asyncio__unregister_task_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *task)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=6e5585706d568a46 input=28fb98c3975f7bdc]*/
 {
     asyncio_state *state = get_asyncio_state(module);
-    if (unregister_task(state, task) < 0) {
+    if (Task_Check(state, task)) {
+        unregister_task(state, (TaskObj *)task);
+        Py_RETURN_NONE;
+    }
+    PyObject *res = PyObject_CallMethodOneArg(state->non_asyncio_tasks,
+                                              &_Py_ID(discard), task);
+    if (res == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
+    Py_DECREF(res);
     Py_RETURN_NONE;
 }
 
@@ -3541,26 +3558,123 @@ _asyncio_current_task_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *loop)
 }
 
 
+static inline int
+add_one_task(asyncio_state *state, PyObject *tasks, PyObject *task, PyObject *loop)
+{
+    PyObject *done = PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs(task, &_Py_ID(done));
+    if (done == NULL) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    if (Py_IsTrue(done)) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    Py_DECREF(done);
+    PyObject *task_loop = get_future_loop(state, task);
+    if (task_loop == NULL) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    if (task_loop == loop) {
+        if (PySet_Add(tasks, task) < 0) {
+            Py_DECREF(task_loop);
+            return -1;
+        }
+    }
+    Py_DECREF(task_loop);
+    return 0;
+}
+
 /*********************** Module **************************/
 
+/*[clinic input]
+_asyncio.all_tasks
 
-static void
-module_free_freelists(asyncio_state *state)
-{
-    PyObject *next;
-    PyObject *current;
+    loop: object = None
+
+Return a set of all tasks for the loop.
 
-    next = (PyObject*) state->fi_freelist;
-    while (next != NULL) {
-        assert(state->fi_freelist_len > 0);
-        state->fi_freelist_len--;
+[clinic start generated code]*/
 
-        current = next;
-        next = (PyObject*) ((futureiterobject*) current)->future;
-        PyObject_GC_Del(current);
+static PyObject *
+_asyncio_all_tasks_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *loop)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=0e107cbb7f72aa7b input=43a1b423c2d95bfa]*/
+{
+
+    asyncio_state *state = get_asyncio_state(module);
+    PyObject *tasks = PySet_New(NULL);
+    if (tasks == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
     }
-    assert(state->fi_freelist_len == 0);
-    state->fi_freelist = NULL;
+    if (loop == Py_None) {
+        loop = _asyncio_get_running_loop_impl(module);
+        if (loop == NULL) {
+            Py_DECREF(tasks);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+    } else {
+        Py_INCREF(loop);
+    }
+    // First add eager tasks to the set so that we don't miss
+    // any tasks which graduates from eager to non-eager
+    PyObject *eager_iter = PyObject_GetIter(state->eager_tasks);
+    if (eager_iter == NULL) {
+        Py_DECREF(tasks);
+        Py_DECREF(loop);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    PyObject *item;
+    while ((item = PyIter_Next(eager_iter)) != NULL) {
+        if (add_one_task(state, tasks, item, loop) < 0) {
+            Py_DECREF(tasks);
+            Py_DECREF(loop);
+            Py_DECREF(item);
+            Py_DECREF(eager_iter);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        Py_DECREF(item);
+    }
+    Py_DECREF(eager_iter);
+    int err = 0;
+    ASYNCIO_STATE_LOCK(state);
+    TaskObj *head = state->asyncio_tasks.head;
+    Py_INCREF(head);
+    assert(head != NULL);
+    assert(head->prev == NULL);
+    TaskObj *tail = &state->asyncio_tasks.tail;
+    while (head != tail)
+    {
+        if (add_one_task(state, tasks, (PyObject *)head, loop) < 0) {
+            Py_DECREF(tasks);
+            Py_DECREF(loop);
+            Py_DECREF(head);
+            err = 1;
+            break;
+        }
+        Py_INCREF(head->next);
+        Py_SETREF(head, head->next);
+    }
+    ASYNCIO_STATE_UNLOCK(state);
+    if (err) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    PyObject *scheduled_iter = PyObject_GetIter(state->non_asyncio_tasks);
+    if (scheduled_iter == NULL) {
+        Py_DECREF(tasks);
+        Py_DECREF(loop);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    while ((item = PyIter_Next(scheduled_iter)) != NULL) {
+        if (add_one_task(state, tasks, item, loop) < 0) {
+            Py_DECREF(tasks);
+            Py_DECREF(loop);
+            Py_DECREF(item);
+            Py_DECREF(scheduled_iter);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        Py_DECREF(item);
+    }
+    Py_DECREF(scheduled_iter);
+    Py_DECREF(loop);
+    return tasks;
 }
 
 static int
@@ -3584,20 +3698,13 @@ module_traverse(PyObject *mod, visitproc visit, void *arg)
     Py_VISIT(state->asyncio_InvalidStateError);
     Py_VISIT(state->asyncio_CancelledError);
 
-    Py_VISIT(state->scheduled_tasks);
+    Py_VISIT(state->non_asyncio_tasks);
     Py_VISIT(state->eager_tasks);
     Py_VISIT(state->current_tasks);
     Py_VISIT(state->iscoroutine_typecache);
 
     Py_VISIT(state->context_kwname);
 
-    // Visit freelist.
-    PyObject *next = (PyObject*) state->fi_freelist;
-    while (next != NULL) {
-        PyObject *current = next;
-        Py_VISIT(current);
-        next = (PyObject*) ((futureiterobject*) current)->future;
-    }
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -3622,15 +3729,13 @@ module_clear(PyObject *mod)
     Py_CLEAR(state->asyncio_InvalidStateError);
     Py_CLEAR(state->asyncio_CancelledError);
 
-    Py_CLEAR(state->scheduled_tasks);
+    Py_CLEAR(state->non_asyncio_tasks);
     Py_CLEAR(state->eager_tasks);
     Py_CLEAR(state->current_tasks);
     Py_CLEAR(state->iscoroutine_typecache);
 
     Py_CLEAR(state->context_kwname);
 
-    module_free_freelists(state);
-
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -3703,9 +3808,9 @@ module_init(asyncio_state *state)
     PyObject *weak_set;
     WITH_MOD("weakref")
     GET_MOD_ATTR(weak_set, "WeakSet");
-    state->scheduled_tasks = PyObject_CallNoArgs(weak_set);
+    state->non_asyncio_tasks = PyObject_CallNoArgs(weak_set);
     Py_CLEAR(weak_set);
-    if (state->scheduled_tasks == NULL) {
+    if (state->non_asyncio_tasks == NULL) {
         goto fail;
     }
 
@@ -3740,6 +3845,7 @@ static PyMethodDef asyncio_methods[] = {
     _ASYNCIO__ENTER_TASK_METHODDEF
     _ASYNCIO__LEAVE_TASK_METHODDEF
     _ASYNCIO__SWAP_CURRENT_TASK_METHODDEF
+    _ASYNCIO_ALL_TASKS_METHODDEF
     {NULL, NULL}
 };
 
@@ -3747,6 +3853,9 @@ static int
 module_exec(PyObject *mod)
 {
     asyncio_state *state = get_asyncio_state(mod);
+    Py_SET_TYPE(&state->asyncio_tasks.tail, state->TaskType);
+    _Py_SetImmortalUntracked((PyObject *)&state->asyncio_tasks.tail);
+    state->asyncio_tasks.head = &state->asyncio_tasks.tail;
 
 #define CREATE_TYPE(m, tp, spec, base)                                  \
     do {                                                                \
@@ -3776,7 +3885,7 @@ module_exec(PyObject *mod)
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if (PyModule_AddObjectRef(mod, "_scheduled_tasks", state->scheduled_tasks) < 0) {
+    if (PyModule_AddObjectRef(mod, "_scheduled_tasks", state->non_asyncio_tasks) < 0) {
         return -1;
     }
 
diff --git a/Modules/_bisectmodule.c b/Modules/_bisectmodule.c
index 56322c48b7cd35..9b146265445d9a 100644
--- a/Modules/_bisectmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/_bisectmodule.c
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ internal_bisect_right(PyObject *list, PyObject *item, Py_ssize_t lo, Py_ssize_t
     if (sq_item == NULL) {
         return -1;
     }
-    if (Py_EnterRecursiveCall("in _bisect.bisect_right")) {
+    if (Py_EnterRecursiveCall(" in _bisect.bisect_right")) {
         return -1;
     }
     PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(item);
@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ internal_bisect_left(PyObject *list, PyObject *item, Py_ssize_t lo, Py_ssize_t h
     if (sq_item == NULL) {
         return -1;
     }
-    if (Py_EnterRecursiveCall("in _bisect.bisect_left")) {
+    if (Py_EnterRecursiveCall(" in _bisect.bisect_left")) {
         return -1;
     }
     PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(item);
diff --git a/Modules/_blake2/blake2b2s.py b/Modules/_blake2/blake2b2s.py
deleted file mode 100755
index 01cf26521b3779..00000000000000
--- a/Modules/_blake2/blake2b2s.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,49 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python3
-
-import os
-import re
-
-HERE = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
-BLAKE2 = os.path.join(HERE, 'impl')
-
-PUBLIC_SEARCH = re.compile(r'\ int (blake2[bs]p?[a-z_]*)\(')
-
-
-def getfiles():
-    for name in os.listdir(BLAKE2):
-        name = os.path.join(BLAKE2, name)
-        if os.path.isfile(name):
-            yield name
-
-
-def find_public():
-    public_funcs = set()
-    for name in getfiles():
-        with open(name) as f:
-            for line in f:
-                # find public functions
-                mo = PUBLIC_SEARCH.search(line)
-                if mo:
-                    public_funcs.add(mo.group(1))
-
-    for f in sorted(public_funcs):
-        print('#define {0:<18} PyBlake2_{0}'.format(f))
-
-    return public_funcs
-
-
-def main():
-    lines = []
-    with open(os.path.join(HERE, 'blake2b_impl.c')) as f:
-        for line in f:
-            line = line.replace('blake2b', 'blake2s')
-            line = line.replace('BLAKE2b', 'BLAKE2s')
-            line = line.replace('BLAKE2B', 'BLAKE2S')
-            lines.append(line)
-    with open(os.path.join(HERE, 'blake2s_impl.c'), 'w') as f:
-        f.write(''.join(lines))
-    # find_public()
-
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    main()
diff --git a/Modules/_blake2/blake2b_impl.c b/Modules/_blake2/blake2b_impl.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 0c3ae5a2fac275..00000000000000
--- a/Modules/_blake2/blake2b_impl.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,417 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Written in 2013 by Dmitry Chestnykh <dmitry@codingrobots.com>
- * Modified for CPython by Christian Heimes <christian@python.org>
- *
- * To the extent possible under law, the author have dedicated all
- * copyright and related and neighboring rights to this software to
- * the public domain worldwide. This software is distributed without
- * any warranty. http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
- */
-
-/* WARNING: autogenerated file!
- *
- * The blake2s_impl.c is autogenerated from blake2b_impl.c.
- */
-
-#ifndef Py_BUILD_CORE_BUILTIN
-#  define Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE 1
-#endif
-
-#include <stdbool.h>
-#include "Python.h"
-#include "pycore_strhex.h"       // _Py_strhex()
-
-#include "../hashlib.h"
-#include "blake2module.h"
-
-#ifndef HAVE_LIBB2
-/* pure SSE2 implementation is very slow, so only use the more optimized SSSE3+
- * https://bugs.python.org/issue31834 */
-#if defined(__SSSE3__) || defined(__SSE4_1__) || defined(__AVX__) || defined(__XOP__)
-#include "impl/blake2b.c"
-#else
-#include "impl/blake2b-ref.c"
-#endif
-#endif // !HAVE_LIBB2
-
-#define HAVE_BLAKE2B 1
-
-extern PyType_Spec blake2b_type_spec;
-
-
-typedef struct {
-    PyObject_HEAD
-    blake2b_param    param;
-    blake2b_state    state;
-    bool use_mutex;
-    PyMutex mutex;
-} BLAKE2bObject;
-
-#include "clinic/blake2b_impl.c.h"
-
-/*[clinic input]
-module _blake2
-class _blake2.blake2b "BLAKE2bObject *" "&PyBlake2_BLAKE2bType"
-[clinic start generated code]*/
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=da39a3ee5e6b4b0d input=d47b0527b39c673f]*/
-
-
-static BLAKE2bObject *
-new_BLAKE2bObject(PyTypeObject *type)
-{
-    BLAKE2bObject *self;
-    self = (BLAKE2bObject *)type->tp_alloc(type, 0);
-    if (self == NULL) {
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    HASHLIB_INIT_MUTEX(self);
-
-    return self;
-}
-
-/*[clinic input]
-@classmethod
-_blake2.blake2b.__new__ as py_blake2b_new
-    data: object(c_default="NULL") = b''
-    /
-    *
-    digest_size: int(c_default="BLAKE2B_OUTBYTES") = _blake2.blake2b.MAX_DIGEST_SIZE
-    key: Py_buffer(c_default="NULL", py_default="b''") = None
-    salt: Py_buffer(c_default="NULL", py_default="b''") = None
-    person: Py_buffer(c_default="NULL", py_default="b''") = None
-    fanout: int = 1
-    depth: int = 1
-    leaf_size: unsigned_long = 0
-    node_offset: unsigned_long_long = 0
-    node_depth: int = 0
-    inner_size: int = 0
-    last_node: bool = False
-    usedforsecurity: bool = True
-
-Return a new BLAKE2b hash object.
-[clinic start generated code]*/
-
-static PyObject *
-py_blake2b_new_impl(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *data, int digest_size,
-                    Py_buffer *key, Py_buffer *salt, Py_buffer *person,
-                    int fanout, int depth, unsigned long leaf_size,
-                    unsigned long long node_offset, int node_depth,
-                    int inner_size, int last_node, int usedforsecurity)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=32bfd8f043c6896f input=b947312abff46977]*/
-{
-    BLAKE2bObject *self = NULL;
-    Py_buffer buf;
-
-    self = new_BLAKE2bObject(type);
-    if (self == NULL) {
-        goto error;
-    }
-
-    /* Zero parameter block. */
-    memset(&self->param, 0, sizeof(self->param));
-
-    /* Set digest size. */
-    if (digest_size <= 0 || digest_size > BLAKE2B_OUTBYTES) {
-        PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
-                "digest_size must be between 1 and %d bytes",
-                BLAKE2B_OUTBYTES);
-        goto error;
-    }
-    self->param.digest_length = digest_size;
-
-    /* Set salt parameter. */
-    if ((salt->obj != NULL) && salt->len) {
-        if (salt->len > BLAKE2B_SALTBYTES) {
-            PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
-                "maximum salt length is %d bytes",
-                BLAKE2B_SALTBYTES);
-            goto error;
-        }
-        memcpy(self->param.salt, salt->buf, salt->len);
-    }
-
-    /* Set personalization parameter. */
-    if ((person->obj != NULL) && person->len) {
-        if (person->len > BLAKE2B_PERSONALBYTES) {
-            PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
-                "maximum person length is %d bytes",
-                BLAKE2B_PERSONALBYTES);
-            goto error;
-        }
-        memcpy(self->param.personal, person->buf, person->len);
-    }
-
-    /* Set tree parameters. */
-    if (fanout < 0 || fanout > 255) {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
-                "fanout must be between 0 and 255");
-        goto error;
-    }
-    self->param.fanout = (uint8_t)fanout;
-
-    if (depth <= 0 || depth > 255) {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
-                "depth must be between 1 and 255");
-        goto error;
-    }
-    self->param.depth = (uint8_t)depth;
-
-    if (leaf_size > 0xFFFFFFFFU) {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError, "leaf_size is too large");
-        goto error;
-    }
-    // NB: Simple assignment here would be incorrect on big endian platforms.
-    store32(&(self->param.leaf_length), leaf_size);
-
-#ifdef HAVE_BLAKE2S
-    if (node_offset > 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFULL) {
-        /* maximum 2**48 - 1 */
-         PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError, "node_offset is too large");
-         goto error;
-     }
-    store48(&(self->param.node_offset), node_offset);
-#else
-    // NB: Simple assignment here would be incorrect on big endian platforms.
-    store64(&(self->param.node_offset), node_offset);
-#endif
-
-    if (node_depth < 0 || node_depth > 255) {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
-                "node_depth must be between 0 and 255");
-        goto error;
-    }
-    self->param.node_depth = node_depth;
-
-    if (inner_size < 0 || inner_size > BLAKE2B_OUTBYTES) {
-        PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
-                "inner_size must be between 0 and is %d",
-                BLAKE2B_OUTBYTES);
-        goto error;
-    }
-    self->param.inner_length = inner_size;
-
-    /* Set key length. */
-    if ((key->obj != NULL) && key->len) {
-        if (key->len > BLAKE2B_KEYBYTES) {
-            PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
-                "maximum key length is %d bytes",
-                BLAKE2B_KEYBYTES);
-            goto error;
-        }
-        self->param.key_length = (uint8_t)key->len;
-    }
-
-    /* Initialize hash state. */
-    if (blake2b_init_param(&self->state, &self->param) < 0) {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError,
-                "error initializing hash state");
-        goto error;
-    }
-
-    /* Set last node flag (must come after initialization). */
-    self->state.last_node = last_node;
-
-    /* Process key block if any. */
-    if (self->param.key_length) {
-        uint8_t block[BLAKE2B_BLOCKBYTES];
-        memset(block, 0, sizeof(block));
-        memcpy(block, key->buf, key->len);
-        blake2b_update(&self->state, block, sizeof(block));
-        secure_zero_memory(block, sizeof(block));
-    }
-
-    /* Process initial data if any. */
-    if (data != NULL) {
-        GET_BUFFER_VIEW_OR_ERROR(data, &buf, goto error);
-
-        if (buf.len >= HASHLIB_GIL_MINSIZE) {
-            Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
-            blake2b_update(&self->state, buf.buf, buf.len);
-            Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
-        } else {
-            blake2b_update(&self->state, buf.buf, buf.len);
-        }
-        PyBuffer_Release(&buf);
-    }
-
-    return (PyObject *)self;
-
-  error:
-    if (self != NULL) {
-        Py_DECREF(self);
-    }
-    return NULL;
-}
-
-/*[clinic input]
-_blake2.blake2b.copy
-
-Return a copy of the hash object.
-[clinic start generated code]*/
-
-static PyObject *
-_blake2_blake2b_copy_impl(BLAKE2bObject *self)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=ff6acee5f93656ae input=e383c2d199fd8a2e]*/
-{
-    BLAKE2bObject *cpy;
-
-    if ((cpy = new_BLAKE2bObject(Py_TYPE(self))) == NULL)
-        return NULL;
-
-    ENTER_HASHLIB(self);
-    cpy->param = self->param;
-    cpy->state = self->state;
-    LEAVE_HASHLIB(self);
-    return (PyObject *)cpy;
-}
-
-/*[clinic input]
-_blake2.blake2b.update
-
-    data: object
-    /
-
-Update this hash object's state with the provided bytes-like object.
-[clinic start generated code]*/
-
-static PyObject *
-_blake2_blake2b_update(BLAKE2bObject *self, PyObject *data)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=010dfcbe22654359 input=ffc4aa6a6a225d31]*/
-{
-    Py_buffer buf;
-
-    GET_BUFFER_VIEW_OR_ERROUT(data, &buf);
-
-    if (!self->use_mutex && buf.len >= HASHLIB_GIL_MINSIZE) {
-        self->use_mutex = true;
-    }
-    if (self->use_mutex) {
-        Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
-        PyMutex_Lock(&self->mutex);
-        blake2b_update(&self->state, buf.buf, buf.len);
-        PyMutex_Unlock(&self->mutex);
-        Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
-    } else {
-        blake2b_update(&self->state, buf.buf, buf.len);
-    }
-
-    PyBuffer_Release(&buf);
-
-    Py_RETURN_NONE;
-}
-
-/*[clinic input]
-_blake2.blake2b.digest
-
-Return the digest value as a bytes object.
-[clinic start generated code]*/
-
-static PyObject *
-_blake2_blake2b_digest_impl(BLAKE2bObject *self)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=a5864660f4bfc61a input=7d21659e9c5fff02]*/
-{
-    uint8_t digest[BLAKE2B_OUTBYTES];
-    blake2b_state state_cpy;
-
-    ENTER_HASHLIB(self);
-    state_cpy = self->state;
-    blake2b_final(&state_cpy, digest, self->param.digest_length);
-    LEAVE_HASHLIB(self);
-    return PyBytes_FromStringAndSize((const char *)digest,
-            self->param.digest_length);
-}
-
-/*[clinic input]
-_blake2.blake2b.hexdigest
-
-Return the digest value as a string of hexadecimal digits.
-[clinic start generated code]*/
-
-static PyObject *
-_blake2_blake2b_hexdigest_impl(BLAKE2bObject *self)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=b5598a87d8794a60 input=76930f6946351f56]*/
-{
-    uint8_t digest[BLAKE2B_OUTBYTES];
-    blake2b_state state_cpy;
-
-    ENTER_HASHLIB(self);
-    state_cpy = self->state;
-    blake2b_final(&state_cpy, digest, self->param.digest_length);
-    LEAVE_HASHLIB(self);
-    return _Py_strhex((const char *)digest, self->param.digest_length);
-}
-
-
-static PyMethodDef py_blake2b_methods[] = {
-    _BLAKE2_BLAKE2B_COPY_METHODDEF
-    _BLAKE2_BLAKE2B_DIGEST_METHODDEF
-    _BLAKE2_BLAKE2B_HEXDIGEST_METHODDEF
-    _BLAKE2_BLAKE2B_UPDATE_METHODDEF
-    {NULL, NULL}
-};
-
-
-
-static PyObject *
-py_blake2b_get_name(BLAKE2bObject *self, void *closure)
-{
-    return PyUnicode_FromString("blake2b");
-}
-
-
-
-static PyObject *
-py_blake2b_get_block_size(BLAKE2bObject *self, void *closure)
-{
-    return PyLong_FromLong(BLAKE2B_BLOCKBYTES);
-}
-
-
-
-static PyObject *
-py_blake2b_get_digest_size(BLAKE2bObject *self, void *closure)
-{
-    return PyLong_FromLong(self->param.digest_length);
-}
-
-
-static PyGetSetDef py_blake2b_getsetters[] = {
-    {"name", (getter)py_blake2b_get_name,
-        NULL, NULL, NULL},
-    {"block_size", (getter)py_blake2b_get_block_size,
-        NULL, NULL, NULL},
-    {"digest_size", (getter)py_blake2b_get_digest_size,
-        NULL, NULL, NULL},
-    {NULL}
-};
-
-
-static void
-py_blake2b_dealloc(PyObject *self)
-{
-    BLAKE2bObject *obj = (BLAKE2bObject *)self;
-
-    /* Try not to leave state in memory. */
-    secure_zero_memory(&obj->param, sizeof(obj->param));
-    secure_zero_memory(&obj->state, sizeof(obj->state));
-
-    PyTypeObject *type = Py_TYPE(self);
-    PyObject_Free(self);
-    Py_DECREF(type);
-}
-
-static PyType_Slot blake2b_type_slots[] = {
-    {Py_tp_dealloc, py_blake2b_dealloc},
-    {Py_tp_doc, (char *)py_blake2b_new__doc__},
-    {Py_tp_methods, py_blake2b_methods},
-    {Py_tp_getset, py_blake2b_getsetters},
-    {Py_tp_new, py_blake2b_new},
-    {0,0}
-};
-
-PyType_Spec blake2b_type_spec = {
-    .name = "_blake2.blake2b",
-    .basicsize =  sizeof(BLAKE2bObject),
-    .flags = Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_IMMUTABLETYPE,
-    .slots = blake2b_type_slots
-};
diff --git a/Modules/_blake2/blake2module.c b/Modules/_blake2/blake2module.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 78242214764f2b..00000000000000
--- a/Modules/_blake2/blake2module.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,160 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Written in 2013 by Dmitry Chestnykh <dmitry@codingrobots.com>
- * Modified for CPython by Christian Heimes <christian@python.org>
- *
- * To the extent possible under law, the author have dedicated all
- * copyright and related and neighboring rights to this software to
- * the public domain worldwide. This software is distributed without
- * any warranty. http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
- */
-
-#ifndef Py_BUILD_CORE_BUILTIN
-#  define Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE 1
-#endif
-
-#include "Python.h"
-#include "blake2module.h"
-
-extern PyType_Spec blake2b_type_spec;
-extern PyType_Spec blake2s_type_spec;
-
-PyDoc_STRVAR(blake2mod__doc__,
-"_blake2b provides BLAKE2b for hashlib\n"
-);
-
-typedef struct {
-    PyTypeObject* blake2b_type;
-    PyTypeObject* blake2s_type;
-} Blake2State;
-
-static inline Blake2State*
-blake2_get_state(PyObject *module)
-{
-    void *state = PyModule_GetState(module);
-    assert(state != NULL);
-    return (Blake2State *)state;
-}
-
-static struct PyMethodDef blake2mod_functions[] = {
-    {NULL, NULL}
-};
-
-static int
-_blake2_traverse(PyObject *module, visitproc visit, void *arg)
-{
-    Blake2State *state = blake2_get_state(module);
-    Py_VISIT(state->blake2b_type);
-    Py_VISIT(state->blake2s_type);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static int
-_blake2_clear(PyObject *module)
-{
-    Blake2State *state = blake2_get_state(module);
-    Py_CLEAR(state->blake2b_type);
-    Py_CLEAR(state->blake2s_type);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static void
-_blake2_free(void *module)
-{
-    _blake2_clear((PyObject *)module);
-}
-
-#define ADD_INT(d, name, value) do { \
-    PyObject *x = PyLong_FromLong(value); \
-    if (!x) \
-        return -1; \
-    if (PyDict_SetItemString(d, name, x) < 0) { \
-        Py_DECREF(x); \
-        return -1; \
-    } \
-    Py_DECREF(x); \
-} while(0)
-
-#define ADD_INT_CONST(NAME, VALUE) do { \
-    if (PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, NAME, VALUE) < 0) { \
-        return -1; \
-    } \
-} while (0)
-
-static int
-blake2_exec(PyObject *m)
-{
-    Blake2State* st = blake2_get_state(m);
-
-    st->blake2b_type = (PyTypeObject *)PyType_FromModuleAndSpec(
-        m, &blake2b_type_spec, NULL);
-
-    if (NULL == st->blake2b_type)
-        return -1;
-    /* BLAKE2b */
-    if (PyModule_AddType(m, st->blake2b_type) < 0) {
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    PyObject *d = st->blake2b_type->tp_dict;
-    ADD_INT(d, "SALT_SIZE", BLAKE2B_SALTBYTES);
-    ADD_INT(d, "PERSON_SIZE", BLAKE2B_PERSONALBYTES);
-    ADD_INT(d, "MAX_KEY_SIZE", BLAKE2B_KEYBYTES);
-    ADD_INT(d, "MAX_DIGEST_SIZE", BLAKE2B_OUTBYTES);
-
-    ADD_INT_CONST("BLAKE2B_SALT_SIZE", BLAKE2B_SALTBYTES);
-    ADD_INT_CONST("BLAKE2B_PERSON_SIZE", BLAKE2B_PERSONALBYTES);
-    ADD_INT_CONST("BLAKE2B_MAX_KEY_SIZE", BLAKE2B_KEYBYTES);
-    ADD_INT_CONST("BLAKE2B_MAX_DIGEST_SIZE", BLAKE2B_OUTBYTES);
-
-    /* BLAKE2s */
-    st->blake2s_type = (PyTypeObject *)PyType_FromModuleAndSpec(
-        m, &blake2s_type_spec, NULL);
-
-    if (NULL == st->blake2s_type)
-        return -1;
-
-    if (PyModule_AddType(m, st->blake2s_type) < 0) {
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    d = st->blake2s_type->tp_dict;
-    ADD_INT(d, "SALT_SIZE", BLAKE2S_SALTBYTES);
-    ADD_INT(d, "PERSON_SIZE", BLAKE2S_PERSONALBYTES);
-    ADD_INT(d, "MAX_KEY_SIZE", BLAKE2S_KEYBYTES);
-    ADD_INT(d, "MAX_DIGEST_SIZE", BLAKE2S_OUTBYTES);
-
-    ADD_INT_CONST("BLAKE2S_SALT_SIZE", BLAKE2S_SALTBYTES);
-    ADD_INT_CONST("BLAKE2S_PERSON_SIZE", BLAKE2S_PERSONALBYTES);
-    ADD_INT_CONST("BLAKE2S_MAX_KEY_SIZE", BLAKE2S_KEYBYTES);
-    ADD_INT_CONST("BLAKE2S_MAX_DIGEST_SIZE", BLAKE2S_OUTBYTES);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-#undef ADD_INT
-#undef ADD_INT_CONST
-
-static PyModuleDef_Slot _blake2_slots[] = {
-    {Py_mod_exec, blake2_exec},
-    {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
-    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
-    {0, NULL}
-};
-
-static struct PyModuleDef blake2_module = {
-    PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,
-    "_blake2",
-    .m_doc = blake2mod__doc__,
-    .m_size = sizeof(Blake2State),
-    .m_methods = blake2mod_functions,
-    .m_slots = _blake2_slots,
-    .m_traverse = _blake2_traverse,
-    .m_clear = _blake2_clear,
-    .m_free = _blake2_free,
-};
-
-PyMODINIT_FUNC
-PyInit__blake2(void)
-{
-    return PyModuleDef_Init(&blake2_module);
-}
diff --git a/Modules/_blake2/blake2module.h b/Modules/_blake2/blake2module.h
deleted file mode 100644
index c8144ec9d48d29..00000000000000
--- a/Modules/_blake2/blake2module.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef Py_BLAKE2MODULE_H
-#define Py_BLAKE2MODULE_H
-
-#ifdef HAVE_LIBB2
-#include <blake2.h>
-
-#else
-// use vendored copy of blake2
-
-// Prefix all public blake2 symbols with PyBlake2_
-#define blake2b            PyBlake2_blake2b
-#define blake2b_compress   PyBlake2_blake2b_compress
-#define blake2b_final      PyBlake2_blake2b_final
-#define blake2b_init       PyBlake2_blake2b_init
-#define blake2b_init_key   PyBlake2_blake2b_init_key
-#define blake2b_init_param PyBlake2_blake2b_init_param
-#define blake2b_update     PyBlake2_blake2b_update
-#define blake2bp           PyBlake2_blake2bp
-#define blake2bp_final     PyBlake2_blake2bp_final
-#define blake2bp_init      PyBlake2_blake2bp_init
-#define blake2bp_init_key  PyBlake2_blake2bp_init_key
-#define blake2bp_update    PyBlake2_blake2bp_update
-#define blake2s            PyBlake2_blake2s
-#define blake2s_compress   PyBlake2_blake2s_compress
-#define blake2s_final      PyBlake2_blake2s_final
-#define blake2s_init       PyBlake2_blake2s_init
-#define blake2s_init_key   PyBlake2_blake2s_init_key
-#define blake2s_init_param PyBlake2_blake2s_init_param
-#define blake2s_update     PyBlake2_blake2s_update
-#define blake2sp           PyBlake2_blake2sp
-#define blake2sp_final     PyBlake2_blake2sp_final
-#define blake2sp_init      PyBlake2_blake2sp_init
-#define blake2sp_init_key  PyBlake2_blake2sp_init_key
-#define blake2sp_update    PyBlake2_blake2sp_update
-
-#include "impl/blake2.h"
-
-#endif // HAVE_LIBB2
-
-// for secure_zero_memory(), store32(), store48(), and store64()
-#include "impl/blake2-impl.h"
-
-#endif // Py_BLAKE2MODULE_H
diff --git a/Modules/_blake2/blake2s_impl.c b/Modules/_blake2/blake2s_impl.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 3014773ab52331..00000000000000
--- a/Modules/_blake2/blake2s_impl.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,417 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Written in 2013 by Dmitry Chestnykh <dmitry@codingrobots.com>
- * Modified for CPython by Christian Heimes <christian@python.org>
- *
- * To the extent possible under law, the author have dedicated all
- * copyright and related and neighboring rights to this software to
- * the public domain worldwide. This software is distributed without
- * any warranty. http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
- */
-
-/* WARNING: autogenerated file!
- *
- * The blake2s_impl.c is autogenerated from blake2s_impl.c.
- */
-
-#ifndef Py_BUILD_CORE_BUILTIN
-#  define Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE 1
-#endif
-
-#include <stdbool.h>
-#include "Python.h"
-#include "pycore_strhex.h"       // _Py_strhex()
-
-#include "../hashlib.h"
-#include "blake2module.h"
-
-#ifndef HAVE_LIBB2
-/* pure SSE2 implementation is very slow, so only use the more optimized SSSE3+
- * https://bugs.python.org/issue31834 */
-#if defined(__SSSE3__) || defined(__SSE4_1__) || defined(__AVX__) || defined(__XOP__)
-#include "impl/blake2s.c"
-#else
-#include "impl/blake2s-ref.c"
-#endif
-#endif // !HAVE_LIBB2
-
-#define HAVE_BLAKE2S 1
-
-extern PyType_Spec blake2s_type_spec;
-
-
-typedef struct {
-    PyObject_HEAD
-    blake2s_param    param;
-    blake2s_state    state;
-    bool use_mutex;
-    PyMutex mutex;
-} BLAKE2sObject;
-
-#include "clinic/blake2s_impl.c.h"
-
-/*[clinic input]
-module _blake2
-class _blake2.blake2s "BLAKE2sObject *" "&PyBlake2_BLAKE2sType"
-[clinic start generated code]*/
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=da39a3ee5e6b4b0d input=4b79d7ffe07286ce]*/
-
-
-static BLAKE2sObject *
-new_BLAKE2sObject(PyTypeObject *type)
-{
-    BLAKE2sObject *self;
-    self = (BLAKE2sObject *)type->tp_alloc(type, 0);
-    if (self == NULL) {
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    HASHLIB_INIT_MUTEX(self);
-
-    return self;
-}
-
-/*[clinic input]
-@classmethod
-_blake2.blake2s.__new__ as py_blake2s_new
-    data: object(c_default="NULL") = b''
-    /
-    *
-    digest_size: int(c_default="BLAKE2S_OUTBYTES") = _blake2.blake2s.MAX_DIGEST_SIZE
-    key: Py_buffer(c_default="NULL", py_default="b''") = None
-    salt: Py_buffer(c_default="NULL", py_default="b''") = None
-    person: Py_buffer(c_default="NULL", py_default="b''") = None
-    fanout: int = 1
-    depth: int = 1
-    leaf_size: unsigned_long = 0
-    node_offset: unsigned_long_long = 0
-    node_depth: int = 0
-    inner_size: int = 0
-    last_node: bool = False
-    usedforsecurity: bool = True
-
-Return a new BLAKE2s hash object.
-[clinic start generated code]*/
-
-static PyObject *
-py_blake2s_new_impl(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *data, int digest_size,
-                    Py_buffer *key, Py_buffer *salt, Py_buffer *person,
-                    int fanout, int depth, unsigned long leaf_size,
-                    unsigned long long node_offset, int node_depth,
-                    int inner_size, int last_node, int usedforsecurity)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=556181f73905c686 input=4dda87723f23abb0]*/
-{
-    BLAKE2sObject *self = NULL;
-    Py_buffer buf;
-
-    self = new_BLAKE2sObject(type);
-    if (self == NULL) {
-        goto error;
-    }
-
-    /* Zero parameter block. */
-    memset(&self->param, 0, sizeof(self->param));
-
-    /* Set digest size. */
-    if (digest_size <= 0 || digest_size > BLAKE2S_OUTBYTES) {
-        PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
-                "digest_size must be between 1 and %d bytes",
-                BLAKE2S_OUTBYTES);
-        goto error;
-    }
-    self->param.digest_length = digest_size;
-
-    /* Set salt parameter. */
-    if ((salt->obj != NULL) && salt->len) {
-        if (salt->len > BLAKE2S_SALTBYTES) {
-            PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
-                "maximum salt length is %d bytes",
-                BLAKE2S_SALTBYTES);
-            goto error;
-        }
-        memcpy(self->param.salt, salt->buf, salt->len);
-    }
-
-    /* Set personalization parameter. */
-    if ((person->obj != NULL) && person->len) {
-        if (person->len > BLAKE2S_PERSONALBYTES) {
-            PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
-                "maximum person length is %d bytes",
-                BLAKE2S_PERSONALBYTES);
-            goto error;
-        }
-        memcpy(self->param.personal, person->buf, person->len);
-    }
-
-    /* Set tree parameters. */
-    if (fanout < 0 || fanout > 255) {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
-                "fanout must be between 0 and 255");
-        goto error;
-    }
-    self->param.fanout = (uint8_t)fanout;
-
-    if (depth <= 0 || depth > 255) {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
-                "depth must be between 1 and 255");
-        goto error;
-    }
-    self->param.depth = (uint8_t)depth;
-
-    if (leaf_size > 0xFFFFFFFFU) {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError, "leaf_size is too large");
-        goto error;
-    }
-    // NB: Simple assignment here would be incorrect on big endian platforms.
-    store32(&(self->param.leaf_length), leaf_size);
-
-#ifdef HAVE_BLAKE2S
-    if (node_offset > 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFULL) {
-        /* maximum 2**48 - 1 */
-         PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError, "node_offset is too large");
-         goto error;
-     }
-    store48(&(self->param.node_offset), node_offset);
-#else
-    // NB: Simple assignment here would be incorrect on big endian platforms.
-    store64(&(self->param.node_offset), node_offset);
-#endif
-
-    if (node_depth < 0 || node_depth > 255) {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
-                "node_depth must be between 0 and 255");
-        goto error;
-    }
-    self->param.node_depth = node_depth;
-
-    if (inner_size < 0 || inner_size > BLAKE2S_OUTBYTES) {
-        PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
-                "inner_size must be between 0 and is %d",
-                BLAKE2S_OUTBYTES);
-        goto error;
-    }
-    self->param.inner_length = inner_size;
-
-    /* Set key length. */
-    if ((key->obj != NULL) && key->len) {
-        if (key->len > BLAKE2S_KEYBYTES) {
-            PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
-                "maximum key length is %d bytes",
-                BLAKE2S_KEYBYTES);
-            goto error;
-        }
-        self->param.key_length = (uint8_t)key->len;
-    }
-
-    /* Initialize hash state. */
-    if (blake2s_init_param(&self->state, &self->param) < 0) {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError,
-                "error initializing hash state");
-        goto error;
-    }
-
-    /* Set last node flag (must come after initialization). */
-    self->state.last_node = last_node;
-
-    /* Process key block if any. */
-    if (self->param.key_length) {
-        uint8_t block[BLAKE2S_BLOCKBYTES];
-        memset(block, 0, sizeof(block));
-        memcpy(block, key->buf, key->len);
-        blake2s_update(&self->state, block, sizeof(block));
-        secure_zero_memory(block, sizeof(block));
-    }
-
-    /* Process initial data if any. */
-    if (data != NULL) {
-        GET_BUFFER_VIEW_OR_ERROR(data, &buf, goto error);
-
-        if (buf.len >= HASHLIB_GIL_MINSIZE) {
-            Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
-            blake2s_update(&self->state, buf.buf, buf.len);
-            Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
-        } else {
-            blake2s_update(&self->state, buf.buf, buf.len);
-        }
-        PyBuffer_Release(&buf);
-    }
-
-    return (PyObject *)self;
-
-  error:
-    if (self != NULL) {
-        Py_DECREF(self);
-    }
-    return NULL;
-}
-
-/*[clinic input]
-_blake2.blake2s.copy
-
-Return a copy of the hash object.
-[clinic start generated code]*/
-
-static PyObject *
-_blake2_blake2s_copy_impl(BLAKE2sObject *self)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=5b90131c4eae275e input=0b9d44942f0fe4b2]*/
-{
-    BLAKE2sObject *cpy;
-
-    if ((cpy = new_BLAKE2sObject(Py_TYPE(self))) == NULL)
-        return NULL;
-
-    ENTER_HASHLIB(self);
-    cpy->param = self->param;
-    cpy->state = self->state;
-    LEAVE_HASHLIB(self);
-    return (PyObject *)cpy;
-}
-
-/*[clinic input]
-_blake2.blake2s.update
-
-    data: object
-    /
-
-Update this hash object's state with the provided bytes-like object.
-[clinic start generated code]*/
-
-static PyObject *
-_blake2_blake2s_update(BLAKE2sObject *self, PyObject *data)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=757dc087fec37815 input=97500db2f9de4aaa]*/
-{
-    Py_buffer buf;
-
-    GET_BUFFER_VIEW_OR_ERROUT(data, &buf);
-
-    if (!self->use_mutex && buf.len >= HASHLIB_GIL_MINSIZE) {
-        self->use_mutex = true;
-    }
-    if (self->use_mutex) {
-        Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
-        PyMutex_Lock(&self->mutex);
-        blake2s_update(&self->state, buf.buf, buf.len);
-        PyMutex_Unlock(&self->mutex);
-        Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
-    } else {
-        blake2s_update(&self->state, buf.buf, buf.len);
-    }
-
-    PyBuffer_Release(&buf);
-
-    Py_RETURN_NONE;
-}
-
-/*[clinic input]
-_blake2.blake2s.digest
-
-Return the digest value as a bytes object.
-[clinic start generated code]*/
-
-static PyObject *
-_blake2_blake2s_digest_impl(BLAKE2sObject *self)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=40c566ca4bc6bc51 input=f41e0b8d6d937454]*/
-{
-    uint8_t digest[BLAKE2S_OUTBYTES];
-    blake2s_state state_cpy;
-
-    ENTER_HASHLIB(self);
-    state_cpy = self->state;
-    blake2s_final(&state_cpy, digest, self->param.digest_length);
-    LEAVE_HASHLIB(self);
-    return PyBytes_FromStringAndSize((const char *)digest,
-            self->param.digest_length);
-}
-
-/*[clinic input]
-_blake2.blake2s.hexdigest
-
-Return the digest value as a string of hexadecimal digits.
-[clinic start generated code]*/
-
-static PyObject *
-_blake2_blake2s_hexdigest_impl(BLAKE2sObject *self)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=15153eb5e59c52eb input=c77a1321567e8952]*/
-{
-    uint8_t digest[BLAKE2S_OUTBYTES];
-    blake2s_state state_cpy;
-
-    ENTER_HASHLIB(self);
-    state_cpy = self->state;
-    blake2s_final(&state_cpy, digest, self->param.digest_length);
-    LEAVE_HASHLIB(self);
-    return _Py_strhex((const char *)digest, self->param.digest_length);
-}
-
-
-static PyMethodDef py_blake2s_methods[] = {
-    _BLAKE2_BLAKE2S_COPY_METHODDEF
-    _BLAKE2_BLAKE2S_DIGEST_METHODDEF
-    _BLAKE2_BLAKE2S_HEXDIGEST_METHODDEF
-    _BLAKE2_BLAKE2S_UPDATE_METHODDEF
-    {NULL, NULL}
-};
-
-
-
-static PyObject *
-py_blake2s_get_name(BLAKE2sObject *self, void *closure)
-{
-    return PyUnicode_FromString("blake2s");
-}
-
-
-
-static PyObject *
-py_blake2s_get_block_size(BLAKE2sObject *self, void *closure)
-{
-    return PyLong_FromLong(BLAKE2S_BLOCKBYTES);
-}
-
-
-
-static PyObject *
-py_blake2s_get_digest_size(BLAKE2sObject *self, void *closure)
-{
-    return PyLong_FromLong(self->param.digest_length);
-}
-
-
-static PyGetSetDef py_blake2s_getsetters[] = {
-    {"name", (getter)py_blake2s_get_name,
-        NULL, NULL, NULL},
-    {"block_size", (getter)py_blake2s_get_block_size,
-        NULL, NULL, NULL},
-    {"digest_size", (getter)py_blake2s_get_digest_size,
-        NULL, NULL, NULL},
-    {NULL}
-};
-
-
-static void
-py_blake2s_dealloc(PyObject *self)
-{
-    BLAKE2sObject *obj = (BLAKE2sObject *)self;
-
-    /* Try not to leave state in memory. */
-    secure_zero_memory(&obj->param, sizeof(obj->param));
-    secure_zero_memory(&obj->state, sizeof(obj->state));
-
-    PyTypeObject *type = Py_TYPE(self);
-    PyObject_Free(self);
-    Py_DECREF(type);
-}
-
-static PyType_Slot blake2s_type_slots[] = {
-    {Py_tp_dealloc, py_blake2s_dealloc},
-    {Py_tp_doc, (char *)py_blake2s_new__doc__},
-    {Py_tp_methods, py_blake2s_methods},
-    {Py_tp_getset, py_blake2s_getsetters},
-    {Py_tp_new, py_blake2s_new},
-    {0,0}
-};
-
-PyType_Spec blake2s_type_spec = {
-    .name = "_blake2.blake2s",
-    .basicsize =  sizeof(BLAKE2sObject),
-    .flags = Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_IMMUTABLETYPE,
-    .slots = blake2s_type_slots
-};
diff --git a/Modules/_blake2/clinic/blake2s_impl.c.h b/Modules/_blake2/clinic/blake2s_impl.c.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 7a0f6eeff5b5b5..00000000000000
--- a/Modules/_blake2/clinic/blake2s_impl.c.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,268 +0,0 @@
-/*[clinic input]
-preserve
-[clinic start generated code]*/
-
-#if defined(Py_BUILD_CORE) && !defined(Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE)
-#  include "pycore_gc.h"          // PyGC_Head
-#  include "pycore_runtime.h"     // _Py_ID()
-#endif
-#include "pycore_long.h"          // _PyLong_UnsignedLong_Converter()
-#include "pycore_modsupport.h"    // _PyArg_UnpackKeywords()
-
-PyDoc_STRVAR(py_blake2s_new__doc__,
-"blake2s(data=b\'\', /, *, digest_size=_blake2.blake2s.MAX_DIGEST_SIZE,\n"
-"        key=b\'\', salt=b\'\', person=b\'\', fanout=1, depth=1, leaf_size=0,\n"
-"        node_offset=0, node_depth=0, inner_size=0, last_node=False,\n"
-"        usedforsecurity=True)\n"
-"--\n"
-"\n"
-"Return a new BLAKE2s hash object.");
-
-static PyObject *
-py_blake2s_new_impl(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *data, int digest_size,
-                    Py_buffer *key, Py_buffer *salt, Py_buffer *person,
-                    int fanout, int depth, unsigned long leaf_size,
-                    unsigned long long node_offset, int node_depth,
-                    int inner_size, int last_node, int usedforsecurity);
-
-static PyObject *
-py_blake2s_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
-{
-    PyObject *return_value = NULL;
-    #if defined(Py_BUILD_CORE) && !defined(Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE)
-
-    #define NUM_KEYWORDS 12
-    static struct {
-        PyGC_Head _this_is_not_used;
-        PyObject_VAR_HEAD
-        PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
-    } _kwtuple = {
-        .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(digest_size), &_Py_ID(key), &_Py_ID(salt), &_Py_ID(person), &_Py_ID(fanout), &_Py_ID(depth), &_Py_ID(leaf_size), &_Py_ID(node_offset), &_Py_ID(node_depth), &_Py_ID(inner_size), &_Py_ID(last_node), &_Py_ID(usedforsecurity), },
-    };
-    #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
-    #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
-
-    #else  // !Py_BUILD_CORE
-    #  define KWTUPLE NULL
-    #endif  // !Py_BUILD_CORE
-
-    static const char * const _keywords[] = {"", "digest_size", "key", "salt", "person", "fanout", "depth", "leaf_size", "node_offset", "node_depth", "inner_size", "last_node", "usedforsecurity", NULL};
-    static _PyArg_Parser _parser = {
-        .keywords = _keywords,
-        .fname = "blake2s",
-        .kwtuple = KWTUPLE,
-    };
-    #undef KWTUPLE
-    PyObject *argsbuf[13];
-    PyObject * const *fastargs;
-    Py_ssize_t nargs = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(args);
-    Py_ssize_t noptargs = nargs + (kwargs ? PyDict_GET_SIZE(kwargs) : 0) - 0;
-    PyObject *data = NULL;
-    int digest_size = BLAKE2S_OUTBYTES;
-    Py_buffer key = {NULL, NULL};
-    Py_buffer salt = {NULL, NULL};
-    Py_buffer person = {NULL, NULL};
-    int fanout = 1;
-    int depth = 1;
-    unsigned long leaf_size = 0;
-    unsigned long long node_offset = 0;
-    int node_depth = 0;
-    int inner_size = 0;
-    int last_node = 0;
-    int usedforsecurity = 1;
-
-    fastargs = _PyArg_UnpackKeywords(_PyTuple_CAST(args)->ob_item, nargs, kwargs, NULL, &_parser, 0, 1, 0, argsbuf);
-    if (!fastargs) {
-        goto exit;
-    }
-    if (nargs < 1) {
-        goto skip_optional_posonly;
-    }
-    noptargs--;
-    data = fastargs[0];
-skip_optional_posonly:
-    if (!noptargs) {
-        goto skip_optional_kwonly;
-    }
-    if (fastargs[1]) {
-        digest_size = PyLong_AsInt(fastargs[1]);
-        if (digest_size == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
-            goto exit;
-        }
-        if (!--noptargs) {
-            goto skip_optional_kwonly;
-        }
-    }
-    if (fastargs[2]) {
-        if (PyObject_GetBuffer(fastargs[2], &key, PyBUF_SIMPLE) != 0) {
-            goto exit;
-        }
-        if (!--noptargs) {
-            goto skip_optional_kwonly;
-        }
-    }
-    if (fastargs[3]) {
-        if (PyObject_GetBuffer(fastargs[3], &salt, PyBUF_SIMPLE) != 0) {
-            goto exit;
-        }
-        if (!--noptargs) {
-            goto skip_optional_kwonly;
-        }
-    }
-    if (fastargs[4]) {
-        if (PyObject_GetBuffer(fastargs[4], &person, PyBUF_SIMPLE) != 0) {
-            goto exit;
-        }
-        if (!--noptargs) {
-            goto skip_optional_kwonly;
-        }
-    }
-    if (fastargs[5]) {
-        fanout = PyLong_AsInt(fastargs[5]);
-        if (fanout == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
-            goto exit;
-        }
-        if (!--noptargs) {
-            goto skip_optional_kwonly;
-        }
-    }
-    if (fastargs[6]) {
-        depth = PyLong_AsInt(fastargs[6]);
-        if (depth == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
-            goto exit;
-        }
-        if (!--noptargs) {
-            goto skip_optional_kwonly;
-        }
-    }
-    if (fastargs[7]) {
-        if (!_PyLong_UnsignedLong_Converter(fastargs[7], &leaf_size)) {
-            goto exit;
-        }
-        if (!--noptargs) {
-            goto skip_optional_kwonly;
-        }
-    }
-    if (fastargs[8]) {
-        if (!_PyLong_UnsignedLongLong_Converter(fastargs[8], &node_offset)) {
-            goto exit;
-        }
-        if (!--noptargs) {
-            goto skip_optional_kwonly;
-        }
-    }
-    if (fastargs[9]) {
-        node_depth = PyLong_AsInt(fastargs[9]);
-        if (node_depth == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
-            goto exit;
-        }
-        if (!--noptargs) {
-            goto skip_optional_kwonly;
-        }
-    }
-    if (fastargs[10]) {
-        inner_size = PyLong_AsInt(fastargs[10]);
-        if (inner_size == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
-            goto exit;
-        }
-        if (!--noptargs) {
-            goto skip_optional_kwonly;
-        }
-    }
-    if (fastargs[11]) {
-        last_node = PyObject_IsTrue(fastargs[11]);
-        if (last_node < 0) {
-            goto exit;
-        }
-        if (!--noptargs) {
-            goto skip_optional_kwonly;
-        }
-    }
-    usedforsecurity = PyObject_IsTrue(fastargs[12]);
-    if (usedforsecurity < 0) {
-        goto exit;
-    }
-skip_optional_kwonly:
-    return_value = py_blake2s_new_impl(type, data, digest_size, &key, &salt, &person, fanout, depth, leaf_size, node_offset, node_depth, inner_size, last_node, usedforsecurity);
-
-exit:
-    /* Cleanup for key */
-    if (key.obj) {
-       PyBuffer_Release(&key);
-    }
-    /* Cleanup for salt */
-    if (salt.obj) {
-       PyBuffer_Release(&salt);
-    }
-    /* Cleanup for person */
-    if (person.obj) {
-       PyBuffer_Release(&person);
-    }
-
-    return return_value;
-}
-
-PyDoc_STRVAR(_blake2_blake2s_copy__doc__,
-"copy($self, /)\n"
-"--\n"
-"\n"
-"Return a copy of the hash object.");
-
-#define _BLAKE2_BLAKE2S_COPY_METHODDEF    \
-    {"copy", (PyCFunction)_blake2_blake2s_copy, METH_NOARGS, _blake2_blake2s_copy__doc__},
-
-static PyObject *
-_blake2_blake2s_copy_impl(BLAKE2sObject *self);
-
-static PyObject *
-_blake2_blake2s_copy(BLAKE2sObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
-{
-    return _blake2_blake2s_copy_impl(self);
-}
-
-PyDoc_STRVAR(_blake2_blake2s_update__doc__,
-"update($self, data, /)\n"
-"--\n"
-"\n"
-"Update this hash object\'s state with the provided bytes-like object.");
-
-#define _BLAKE2_BLAKE2S_UPDATE_METHODDEF    \
-    {"update", (PyCFunction)_blake2_blake2s_update, METH_O, _blake2_blake2s_update__doc__},
-
-PyDoc_STRVAR(_blake2_blake2s_digest__doc__,
-"digest($self, /)\n"
-"--\n"
-"\n"
-"Return the digest value as a bytes object.");
-
-#define _BLAKE2_BLAKE2S_DIGEST_METHODDEF    \
-    {"digest", (PyCFunction)_blake2_blake2s_digest, METH_NOARGS, _blake2_blake2s_digest__doc__},
-
-static PyObject *
-_blake2_blake2s_digest_impl(BLAKE2sObject *self);
-
-static PyObject *
-_blake2_blake2s_digest(BLAKE2sObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
-{
-    return _blake2_blake2s_digest_impl(self);
-}
-
-PyDoc_STRVAR(_blake2_blake2s_hexdigest__doc__,
-"hexdigest($self, /)\n"
-"--\n"
-"\n"
-"Return the digest value as a string of hexadecimal digits.");
-
-#define _BLAKE2_BLAKE2S_HEXDIGEST_METHODDEF    \
-    {"hexdigest", (PyCFunction)_blake2_blake2s_hexdigest, METH_NOARGS, _blake2_blake2s_hexdigest__doc__},
-
-static PyObject *
-_blake2_blake2s_hexdigest_impl(BLAKE2sObject *self);
-
-static PyObject *
-_blake2_blake2s_hexdigest(BLAKE2sObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
-{
-    return _blake2_blake2s_hexdigest_impl(self);
-}
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=24690e4e2586cafd input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff --git a/Modules/_blake2/impl/blake2-config.h b/Modules/_blake2/impl/blake2-config.h
deleted file mode 100644
index c09cb4bcf06723..00000000000000
--- a/Modules/_blake2/impl/blake2-config.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,71 +0,0 @@
-/*
-   BLAKE2 reference source code package - optimized C implementations
-
-   Written in 2012 by Samuel Neves <sneves@dei.uc.pt>
-
-   To the extent possible under law, the author(s) have dedicated all copyright
-   and related and neighboring rights to this software to the public domain
-   worldwide. This software is distributed without any warranty.
-
-   You should have received a copy of the CC0 Public Domain Dedication along with
-   this software. If not, see <http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/>.
-*/
-#pragma once
-#ifndef __BLAKE2_CONFIG_H__
-#define __BLAKE2_CONFIG_H__
-
-#if defined(__SSE2__)
-#define HAVE_SSE2
-#endif
-
-#if defined(__SSSE3__)
-#define HAVE_SSSE3
-#endif
-
-#if defined(__SSE4_1__)
-#define HAVE_SSE4_1
-#endif
-
-#if defined(__AVX__)
-#define HAVE_AVX
-#endif
-
-#if defined(__XOP__)
-#define HAVE_XOP
-#endif
-
-
-#ifdef HAVE_AVX2
-#ifndef HAVE_AVX
-#define HAVE_AVX
-#endif
-#endif
-
-#ifdef HAVE_XOP
-#ifndef HAVE_AVX
-#define HAVE_AVX
-#endif
-#endif
-
-#ifdef HAVE_AVX
-#ifndef HAVE_SSE4_1
-#define HAVE_SSE4_1
-#endif
-#endif
-
-#ifdef HAVE_SSE4_1
-#ifndef HAVE_SSSE3
-#define HAVE_SSSE3
-#endif
-#endif
-
-#ifdef HAVE_SSSE3
-#define HAVE_SSE2
-#endif
-
-#if !defined(HAVE_SSE2)
-#error "This code requires at least SSE2."
-#endif
-
-#endif
-
diff --git a/Modules/_blake2/impl/blake2-impl.h b/Modules/_blake2/impl/blake2-impl.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 9d2fbb72fc1c03..00000000000000
--- a/Modules/_blake2/impl/blake2-impl.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,162 +0,0 @@
-/*
-   BLAKE2 reference source code package - optimized C implementations
-
-   Written in 2012 by Samuel Neves <sneves@dei.uc.pt>
-
-   To the extent possible under law, the author(s) have dedicated all copyright
-   and related and neighboring rights to this software to the public domain
-   worldwide. This software is distributed without any warranty.
-
-   You should have received a copy of the CC0 Public Domain Dedication along with
-   this software. If not, see <http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/>.
-*/
-#pragma once
-#ifndef __BLAKE2_IMPL_H__
-#define __BLAKE2_IMPL_H__
-
-#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(WIN32)
-#include <windows.h>
-#endif
-
-#include <stddef.h>
-#include <stdint.h>
-#include <string.h>
-
-#define BLAKE2_IMPL_CAT(x,y) x ## y
-#define BLAKE2_IMPL_EVAL(x,y)  BLAKE2_IMPL_CAT(x,y)
-#define BLAKE2_IMPL_NAME(fun)  BLAKE2_IMPL_EVAL(fun, SUFFIX)
-
-static inline uint32_t load32( const void *src )
-{
-#if defined(NATIVE_LITTLE_ENDIAN)
-  uint32_t w;
-  memcpy( &w, src, sizeof( w ) );
-  return w;
-#else
-  const uint8_t *p = ( uint8_t * )src;
-  uint32_t w = *p++;
-  w |= ( uint32_t )( *p++ ) <<  8;
-  w |= ( uint32_t )( *p++ ) << 16;
-  w |= ( uint32_t )( *p++ ) << 24;
-  return w;
-#endif
-}
-
-static inline uint64_t load64( const void *src )
-{
-#if defined(NATIVE_LITTLE_ENDIAN)
-  uint64_t w;
-  memcpy( &w, src, sizeof( w ) );
-  return w;
-#else
-  const uint8_t *p = ( uint8_t * )src;
-  uint64_t w = *p++;
-  w |= ( uint64_t )( *p++ ) <<  8;
-  w |= ( uint64_t )( *p++ ) << 16;
-  w |= ( uint64_t )( *p++ ) << 24;
-  w |= ( uint64_t )( *p++ ) << 32;
-  w |= ( uint64_t )( *p++ ) << 40;
-  w |= ( uint64_t )( *p++ ) << 48;
-  w |= ( uint64_t )( *p++ ) << 56;
-  return w;
-#endif
-}
-
-static inline void store32( void *dst, uint32_t w )
-{
-#if defined(NATIVE_LITTLE_ENDIAN)
-  memcpy( dst, &w, sizeof( w ) );
-#else
-  uint8_t *p = ( uint8_t * )dst;
-  *p++ = ( uint8_t )w; w >>= 8;
-  *p++ = ( uint8_t )w; w >>= 8;
-  *p++ = ( uint8_t )w; w >>= 8;
-  *p++ = ( uint8_t )w;
-#endif
-}
-
-static inline void store64( void *dst, uint64_t w )
-{
-#if defined(NATIVE_LITTLE_ENDIAN)
-  memcpy( dst, &w, sizeof( w ) );
-#else
-  uint8_t *p = ( uint8_t * )dst;
-  *p++ = ( uint8_t )w; w >>= 8;
-  *p++ = ( uint8_t )w; w >>= 8;
-  *p++ = ( uint8_t )w; w >>= 8;
-  *p++ = ( uint8_t )w; w >>= 8;
-  *p++ = ( uint8_t )w; w >>= 8;
-  *p++ = ( uint8_t )w; w >>= 8;
-  *p++ = ( uint8_t )w; w >>= 8;
-  *p++ = ( uint8_t )w;
-#endif
-}
-
-static inline uint64_t load48( const void *src )
-{
-  const uint8_t *p = ( const uint8_t * )src;
-  uint64_t w = *p++;
-  w |= ( uint64_t )( *p++ ) <<  8;
-  w |= ( uint64_t )( *p++ ) << 16;
-  w |= ( uint64_t )( *p++ ) << 24;
-  w |= ( uint64_t )( *p++ ) << 32;
-  w |= ( uint64_t )( *p++ ) << 40;
-  return w;
-}
-
-static inline void store48( void *dst, uint64_t w )
-{
-  uint8_t *p = ( uint8_t * )dst;
-  *p++ = ( uint8_t )w; w >>= 8;
-  *p++ = ( uint8_t )w; w >>= 8;
-  *p++ = ( uint8_t )w; w >>= 8;
-  *p++ = ( uint8_t )w; w >>= 8;
-  *p++ = ( uint8_t )w; w >>= 8;
-  *p++ = ( uint8_t )w;
-}
-
-static inline uint32_t rotl32( const uint32_t w, const unsigned c )
-{
-  return ( w << c ) | ( w >> ( 32 - c ) );
-}
-
-static inline uint64_t rotl64( const uint64_t w, const unsigned c )
-{
-  return ( w << c ) | ( w >> ( 64 - c ) );
-}
-
-static inline uint32_t rotr32( const uint32_t w, const unsigned c )
-{
-  return ( w >> c ) | ( w << ( 32 - c ) );
-}
-
-static inline uint64_t rotr64( const uint64_t w, const unsigned c )
-{
-  return ( w >> c ) | ( w << ( 64 - c ) );
-}
-
-/* prevents compiler optimizing out memset() */
-static inline void secure_zero_memory(void *v, size_t n)
-{
-#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(WIN32)
-  SecureZeroMemory(v, n);
-#elif defined(__hpux)
-  static void *(*const volatile memset_v)(void *, int, size_t) = &memset;
-  memset_v(v, 0, n);
-#else
-// prioritize first the general C11 call
-#if defined(HAVE_MEMSET_S)
-  memset_s(v, n, 0, n);
-#elif defined(HAVE_EXPLICIT_BZERO)
-  explicit_bzero(v, n);
-#elif defined(HAVE_EXPLICIT_MEMSET)
-  explicit_memset(v, 0, n);
-#else
-  memset(v, 0, n);
-  __asm__ __volatile__("" :: "r"(v) : "memory");
-#endif
-#endif
-}
-
-#endif
-
diff --git a/Modules/_blake2/impl/blake2.h b/Modules/_blake2/impl/blake2.h
deleted file mode 100644
index a08d82efefe09f..00000000000000
--- a/Modules/_blake2/impl/blake2.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,177 +0,0 @@
-/*
-   BLAKE2 reference source code package - optimized C implementations
-
-   Written in 2012 by Samuel Neves <sneves@dei.uc.pt>
-
-   To the extent possible under law, the author(s) have dedicated all copyright
-   and related and neighboring rights to this software to the public domain
-   worldwide. This software is distributed without any warranty.
-
-   You should have received a copy of the CC0 Public Domain Dedication along with
-   this software. If not, see <http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/>.
-*/
-#pragma once
-#ifndef __BLAKE2_H__
-#define __BLAKE2_H__
-
-#include <stddef.h>
-#include <stdint.h>
-
-#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(__CYGWIN__)
-    #define BLAKE2_DLL_IMPORT __declspec(dllimport)
-    #define BLAKE2_DLL_EXPORT __declspec(dllexport)
-    #define BLAKE2_DLL_PRIVATE
-#elif __GNUC__ >= 4
-  #define BLAKE2_DLL_IMPORT   __attribute__ ((visibility ("default")))
-  #define BLAKE2_DLL_EXPORT   __attribute__ ((visibility ("default")))
-  #define BLAKE2_DLL_PRIVATE  __attribute__ ((visibility ("hidden")))
-#else
-  #define BLAKE2_DLL_IMPORT
-  #define BLAKE2_DLL_EXPORT
-  #define BLAKE2_DLL_PRIVATE
-#endif
-
-#if defined(BLAKE2_DLL)
-  #if defined(BLAKE2_DLL_EXPORTS) // defined if we are building the DLL
-    #define BLAKE2_API BLAKE2_DLL_EXPORT
-  #else
-    #define BLAKE2_API BLAKE2_DLL_IMPORT
-  #endif
-  #define BLAKE2_PRIVATE BLAKE2_DLL_PRIVATE // must only be used by hidden logic
-#else
-  #define BLAKE2_API
-  #define BLAKE2_PRIVATE
-#endif
-
-#if defined(__cplusplus)
-extern "C" {
-#elif defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(inline)
-#define inline __inline
-#endif
-
-  enum blake2s_constant
-  {
-    BLAKE2S_BLOCKBYTES = 64,
-    BLAKE2S_OUTBYTES   = 32,
-    BLAKE2S_KEYBYTES   = 32,
-    BLAKE2S_SALTBYTES  = 8,
-    BLAKE2S_PERSONALBYTES = 8
-  };
-
-  enum blake2b_constant
-  {
-    BLAKE2B_BLOCKBYTES = 128,
-    BLAKE2B_OUTBYTES   = 64,
-    BLAKE2B_KEYBYTES   = 64,
-    BLAKE2B_SALTBYTES  = 16,
-    BLAKE2B_PERSONALBYTES = 16
-  };
-
-#pragma pack(push, 1)
-  typedef struct __blake2s_param
-  {
-    uint8_t  digest_length; // 1
-    uint8_t  key_length;    // 2
-    uint8_t  fanout;        // 3
-    uint8_t  depth;         // 4
-    uint32_t leaf_length;   // 8
-    uint8_t  node_offset[6];// 14
-    uint8_t  node_depth;    // 15
-    uint8_t  inner_length;  // 16
-    // uint8_t  reserved[0];
-    uint8_t  salt[BLAKE2S_SALTBYTES]; // 24
-    uint8_t  personal[BLAKE2S_PERSONALBYTES];  // 32
-  } blake2s_param;
-
-  typedef struct __blake2s_state
-  {
-    uint32_t h[8];
-    uint32_t t[2];
-    uint32_t f[2];
-    uint8_t  buf[2 * BLAKE2S_BLOCKBYTES];
-    uint32_t buflen;
-    uint8_t  outlen;
-    uint8_t  last_node;
-  } blake2s_state;
-
-  typedef struct __blake2b_param
-  {
-    uint8_t  digest_length; // 1
-    uint8_t  key_length;    // 2
-    uint8_t  fanout;        // 3
-    uint8_t  depth;         // 4
-    uint32_t leaf_length;   // 8
-    uint64_t node_offset;   // 16
-    uint8_t  node_depth;    // 17
-    uint8_t  inner_length;  // 18
-    uint8_t  reserved[14];  // 32
-    uint8_t  salt[BLAKE2B_SALTBYTES]; // 48
-    uint8_t  personal[BLAKE2B_PERSONALBYTES];  // 64
-  } blake2b_param;
-
-  typedef struct __blake2b_state
-  {
-    uint64_t h[8];
-    uint64_t t[2];
-    uint64_t f[2];
-    uint8_t  buf[2 * BLAKE2B_BLOCKBYTES];
-    uint32_t buflen;
-    uint8_t  outlen;
-    uint8_t  last_node;
-  } blake2b_state;
-
-  typedef struct __blake2sp_state
-  {
-    blake2s_state S[8][1];
-    blake2s_state R[1];
-    uint8_t  buf[8 * BLAKE2S_BLOCKBYTES];
-    uint32_t buflen;
-    uint8_t  outlen;
-  } blake2sp_state;
-
-  typedef struct __blake2bp_state
-  {
-    blake2b_state S[4][1];
-    blake2b_state R[1];
-    uint8_t  buf[4 * BLAKE2B_BLOCKBYTES];
-    uint32_t buflen;
-    uint8_t  outlen;
-  } blake2bp_state;
-#pragma pack(pop)
-
-  // Streaming API
-  BLAKE2_API int blake2s_init( blake2s_state *S, size_t outlen );
-  BLAKE2_API int blake2s_init_key( blake2s_state *S, size_t outlen, const void *key, size_t keylen );
-  BLAKE2_API int blake2s_init_param( blake2s_state *S, const blake2s_param *P );
-  BLAKE2_API int blake2s_update( blake2s_state *S, const uint8_t *in, size_t inlen );
-  BLAKE2_API int blake2s_final( blake2s_state *S, uint8_t *out, size_t outlen );
-
-  BLAKE2_API int blake2b_init( blake2b_state *S, size_t outlen );
-  BLAKE2_API int blake2b_init_key( blake2b_state *S, size_t outlen, const void *key, size_t keylen );
-  BLAKE2_API int blake2b_init_param( blake2b_state *S, const blake2b_param *P );
-  BLAKE2_API int blake2b_update( blake2b_state *S, const uint8_t *in, size_t inlen );
-  BLAKE2_API int blake2b_final( blake2b_state *S, uint8_t *out, size_t outlen );
-
-  BLAKE2_API int blake2sp_init( blake2sp_state *S, size_t outlen );
-  BLAKE2_API int blake2sp_init_key( blake2sp_state *S, size_t outlen, const void *key, size_t keylen );
-  BLAKE2_API int blake2sp_update( blake2sp_state *S, const uint8_t *in, size_t inlen );
-  BLAKE2_API int blake2sp_final( blake2sp_state *S, uint8_t *out, size_t outlen );
-
-  BLAKE2_API int blake2bp_init( blake2bp_state *S, size_t outlen );
-  BLAKE2_API int blake2bp_init_key( blake2bp_state *S, size_t outlen, const void *key, size_t keylen );
-  BLAKE2_API int blake2bp_update( blake2bp_state *S, const uint8_t *in, size_t inlen );
-  BLAKE2_API int blake2bp_final( blake2bp_state *S, uint8_t *out, size_t outlen );
-
-  // Simple API
-  BLAKE2_API int blake2s( uint8_t *out, const void *in, const void *key, size_t outlen, size_t inlen, size_t keylen );
-  BLAKE2_API int blake2b( uint8_t *out, const void *in, const void *key, size_t outlen, size_t inlen, size_t keylen );
-
-  BLAKE2_API int blake2sp( uint8_t *out, const void *in, const void *key, size_t outlen, size_t inlen, size_t keylen );
-  BLAKE2_API int blake2bp( uint8_t *out, const void *in, const void *key, size_t outlen, size_t inlen, size_t keylen );
-
-#if defined(__cplusplus)
-}
-#endif
-
-#endif
-
diff --git a/Modules/_blake2/impl/blake2b-load-sse2.h b/Modules/_blake2/impl/blake2b-load-sse2.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 1ba153c87d7352..00000000000000
--- a/Modules/_blake2/impl/blake2b-load-sse2.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,68 +0,0 @@
-/*
-   BLAKE2 reference source code package - optimized C implementations
-
-   Written in 2012 by Samuel Neves <sneves@dei.uc.pt>
-
-   To the extent possible under law, the author(s) have dedicated all copyright
-   and related and neighboring rights to this software to the public domain
-   worldwide. This software is distributed without any warranty.
-
-   You should have received a copy of the CC0 Public Domain Dedication along with
-   this software. If not, see <http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/>.
-*/
-#pragma once
-#ifndef __BLAKE2B_LOAD_SSE2_H__
-#define __BLAKE2B_LOAD_SSE2_H__
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_0_1(b0, b1) b0 = _mm_set_epi64x(m2, m0); b1 = _mm_set_epi64x(m6, m4)
-#define LOAD_MSG_0_2(b0, b1) b0 = _mm_set_epi64x(m3, m1); b1 = _mm_set_epi64x(m7, m5)
-#define LOAD_MSG_0_3(b0, b1) b0 = _mm_set_epi64x(m10, m8); b1 = _mm_set_epi64x(m14, m12)
-#define LOAD_MSG_0_4(b0, b1) b0 = _mm_set_epi64x(m11, m9); b1 = _mm_set_epi64x(m15, m13)
-#define LOAD_MSG_1_1(b0, b1) b0 = _mm_set_epi64x(m4, m14); b1 = _mm_set_epi64x(m13, m9)
-#define LOAD_MSG_1_2(b0, b1) b0 = _mm_set_epi64x(m8, m10); b1 = _mm_set_epi64x(m6, m15)
-#define LOAD_MSG_1_3(b0, b1) b0 = _mm_set_epi64x(m0, m1); b1 = _mm_set_epi64x(m5, m11)
-#define LOAD_MSG_1_4(b0, b1) b0 = _mm_set_epi64x(m2, m12); b1 = _mm_set_epi64x(m3, m7)
-#define LOAD_MSG_2_1(b0, b1) b0 = _mm_set_epi64x(m12, m11); b1 = _mm_set_epi64x(m15, m5)
-#define LOAD_MSG_2_2(b0, b1) b0 = _mm_set_epi64x(m0, m8); b1 = _mm_set_epi64x(m13, m2)
-#define LOAD_MSG_2_3(b0, b1) b0 = _mm_set_epi64x(m3, m10); b1 = _mm_set_epi64x(m9, m7)
-#define LOAD_MSG_2_4(b0, b1) b0 = _mm_set_epi64x(m6, m14); b1 = _mm_set_epi64x(m4, m1)
-#define LOAD_MSG_3_1(b0, b1) b0 = _mm_set_epi64x(m3, m7); b1 = _mm_set_epi64x(m11, m13)
-#define LOAD_MSG_3_2(b0, b1) b0 = _mm_set_epi64x(m1, m9); b1 = _mm_set_epi64x(m14, m12)
-#define LOAD_MSG_3_3(b0, b1) b0 = _mm_set_epi64x(m5, m2); b1 = _mm_set_epi64x(m15, m4)
-#define LOAD_MSG_3_4(b0, b1) b0 = _mm_set_epi64x(m10, m6); b1 = _mm_set_epi64x(m8, m0)
-#define LOAD_MSG_4_1(b0, b1) b0 = _mm_set_epi64x(m5, m9); b1 = _mm_set_epi64x(m10, m2)
-#define LOAD_MSG_4_2(b0, b1) b0 = _mm_set_epi64x(m7, m0); b1 = _mm_set_epi64x(m15, m4)
-#define LOAD_MSG_4_3(b0, b1) b0 = _mm_set_epi64x(m11, m14); b1 = _mm_set_epi64x(m3, m6)
-#define LOAD_MSG_4_4(b0, b1) b0 = _mm_set_epi64x(m12, m1); b1 = _mm_set_epi64x(m13, m8)
-#define LOAD_MSG_5_1(b0, b1) b0 = _mm_set_epi64x(m6, m2); b1 = _mm_set_epi64x(m8, m0)
-#define LOAD_MSG_5_2(b0, b1) b0 = _mm_set_epi64x(m10, m12); b1 = _mm_set_epi64x(m3, m11)
-#define LOAD_MSG_5_3(b0, b1) b0 = _mm_set_epi64x(m7, m4); b1 = _mm_set_epi64x(m1, m15)
-#define LOAD_MSG_5_4(b0, b1) b0 = _mm_set_epi64x(m5, m13); b1 = _mm_set_epi64x(m9, m14)
-#define LOAD_MSG_6_1(b0, b1) b0 = _mm_set_epi64x(m1, m12); b1 = _mm_set_epi64x(m4, m14)
-#define LOAD_MSG_6_2(b0, b1) b0 = _mm_set_epi64x(m15, m5); b1 = _mm_set_epi64x(m10, m13)
-#define LOAD_MSG_6_3(b0, b1) b0 = _mm_set_epi64x(m6, m0); b1 = _mm_set_epi64x(m8, m9)
-#define LOAD_MSG_6_4(b0, b1) b0 = _mm_set_epi64x(m3, m7); b1 = _mm_set_epi64x(m11, m2)
-#define LOAD_MSG_7_1(b0, b1) b0 = _mm_set_epi64x(m7, m13); b1 = _mm_set_epi64x(m3, m12)
-#define LOAD_MSG_7_2(b0, b1) b0 = _mm_set_epi64x(m14, m11); b1 = _mm_set_epi64x(m9, m1)
-#define LOAD_MSG_7_3(b0, b1) b0 = _mm_set_epi64x(m15, m5); b1 = _mm_set_epi64x(m2, m8)
-#define LOAD_MSG_7_4(b0, b1) b0 = _mm_set_epi64x(m4, m0); b1 = _mm_set_epi64x(m10, m6)
-#define LOAD_MSG_8_1(b0, b1) b0 = _mm_set_epi64x(m14, m6); b1 = _mm_set_epi64x(m0, m11)
-#define LOAD_MSG_8_2(b0, b1) b0 = _mm_set_epi64x(m9, m15); b1 = _mm_set_epi64x(m8, m3)
-#define LOAD_MSG_8_3(b0, b1) b0 = _mm_set_epi64x(m13, m12); b1 = _mm_set_epi64x(m10, m1)
-#define LOAD_MSG_8_4(b0, b1) b0 = _mm_set_epi64x(m7, m2); b1 = _mm_set_epi64x(m5, m4)
-#define LOAD_MSG_9_1(b0, b1) b0 = _mm_set_epi64x(m8, m10); b1 = _mm_set_epi64x(m1, m7)
-#define LOAD_MSG_9_2(b0, b1) b0 = _mm_set_epi64x(m4, m2); b1 = _mm_set_epi64x(m5, m6)
-#define LOAD_MSG_9_3(b0, b1) b0 = _mm_set_epi64x(m9, m15); b1 = _mm_set_epi64x(m13, m3)
-#define LOAD_MSG_9_4(b0, b1) b0 = _mm_set_epi64x(m14, m11); b1 = _mm_set_epi64x(m0, m12)
-#define LOAD_MSG_10_1(b0, b1) b0 = _mm_set_epi64x(m2, m0); b1 = _mm_set_epi64x(m6, m4)
-#define LOAD_MSG_10_2(b0, b1) b0 = _mm_set_epi64x(m3, m1); b1 = _mm_set_epi64x(m7, m5)
-#define LOAD_MSG_10_3(b0, b1) b0 = _mm_set_epi64x(m10, m8); b1 = _mm_set_epi64x(m14, m12)
-#define LOAD_MSG_10_4(b0, b1) b0 = _mm_set_epi64x(m11, m9); b1 = _mm_set_epi64x(m15, m13)
-#define LOAD_MSG_11_1(b0, b1) b0 = _mm_set_epi64x(m4, m14); b1 = _mm_set_epi64x(m13, m9)
-#define LOAD_MSG_11_2(b0, b1) b0 = _mm_set_epi64x(m8, m10); b1 = _mm_set_epi64x(m6, m15)
-#define LOAD_MSG_11_3(b0, b1) b0 = _mm_set_epi64x(m0, m1); b1 = _mm_set_epi64x(m5, m11)
-#define LOAD_MSG_11_4(b0, b1) b0 = _mm_set_epi64x(m2, m12); b1 = _mm_set_epi64x(m3, m7)
-
-
-#endif
-
diff --git a/Modules/_blake2/impl/blake2b-load-sse41.h b/Modules/_blake2/impl/blake2b-load-sse41.h
deleted file mode 100644
index f6c1bc8393f167..00000000000000
--- a/Modules/_blake2/impl/blake2b-load-sse41.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,402 +0,0 @@
-/*
-   BLAKE2 reference source code package - optimized C implementations
-
-   Written in 2012 by Samuel Neves <sneves@dei.uc.pt>
-
-   To the extent possible under law, the author(s) have dedicated all copyright
-   and related and neighboring rights to this software to the public domain
-   worldwide. This software is distributed without any warranty.
-
-   You should have received a copy of the CC0 Public Domain Dedication along with
-   this software. If not, see <http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/>.
-*/
-#pragma once
-#ifndef __BLAKE2B_LOAD_SSE41_H__
-#define __BLAKE2B_LOAD_SSE41_H__
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_0_1(b0, b1) \
-do \
-{ \
-b0 = _mm_unpacklo_epi64(m0, m1); \
-b1 = _mm_unpacklo_epi64(m2, m3); \
-} while(0)
-
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_0_2(b0, b1) \
-do \
-{ \
-b0 = _mm_unpackhi_epi64(m0, m1); \
-b1 = _mm_unpackhi_epi64(m2, m3); \
-} while(0)
-
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_0_3(b0, b1) \
-do \
-{ \
-b0 = _mm_unpacklo_epi64(m4, m5); \
-b1 = _mm_unpacklo_epi64(m6, m7); \
-} while(0)
-
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_0_4(b0, b1) \
-do \
-{ \
-b0 = _mm_unpackhi_epi64(m4, m5); \
-b1 = _mm_unpackhi_epi64(m6, m7); \
-} while(0)
-
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_1_1(b0, b1) \
-do \
-{ \
-b0 = _mm_unpacklo_epi64(m7, m2); \
-b1 = _mm_unpackhi_epi64(m4, m6); \
-} while(0)
-
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_1_2(b0, b1) \
-do \
-{ \
-b0 = _mm_unpacklo_epi64(m5, m4); \
-b1 = _mm_alignr_epi8(m3, m7, 8); \
-} while(0)
-
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_1_3(b0, b1) \
-do \
-{ \
-b0 = _mm_shuffle_epi32(m0, _MM_SHUFFLE(1,0,3,2)); \
-b1 = _mm_unpackhi_epi64(m5, m2); \
-} while(0)
-
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_1_4(b0, b1) \
-do \
-{ \
-b0 = _mm_unpacklo_epi64(m6, m1); \
-b1 = _mm_unpackhi_epi64(m3, m1); \
-} while(0)
-
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_2_1(b0, b1) \
-do \
-{ \
-b0 = _mm_alignr_epi8(m6, m5, 8); \
-b1 = _mm_unpackhi_epi64(m2, m7); \
-} while(0)
-
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_2_2(b0, b1) \
-do \
-{ \
-b0 = _mm_unpacklo_epi64(m4, m0); \
-b1 = _mm_blend_epi16(m1, m6, 0xF0); \
-} while(0)
-
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_2_3(b0, b1) \
-do \
-{ \
-b0 = _mm_blend_epi16(m5, m1, 0xF0); \
-b1 = _mm_unpackhi_epi64(m3, m4); \
-} while(0)
-
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_2_4(b0, b1) \
-do \
-{ \
-b0 = _mm_unpacklo_epi64(m7, m3); \
-b1 = _mm_alignr_epi8(m2, m0, 8); \
-} while(0)
-
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_3_1(b0, b1) \
-do \
-{ \
-b0 = _mm_unpackhi_epi64(m3, m1); \
-b1 = _mm_unpackhi_epi64(m6, m5); \
-} while(0)
-
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_3_2(b0, b1) \
-do \
-{ \
-b0 = _mm_unpackhi_epi64(m4, m0); \
-b1 = _mm_unpacklo_epi64(m6, m7); \
-} while(0)
-
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_3_3(b0, b1) \
-do \
-{ \
-b0 = _mm_blend_epi16(m1, m2, 0xF0); \
-b1 = _mm_blend_epi16(m2, m7, 0xF0); \
-} while(0)
-
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_3_4(b0, b1) \
-do \
-{ \
-b0 = _mm_unpacklo_epi64(m3, m5); \
-b1 = _mm_unpacklo_epi64(m0, m4); \
-} while(0)
-
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_4_1(b0, b1) \
-do \
-{ \
-b0 = _mm_unpackhi_epi64(m4, m2); \
-b1 = _mm_unpacklo_epi64(m1, m5); \
-} while(0)
-
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_4_2(b0, b1) \
-do \
-{ \
-b0 = _mm_blend_epi16(m0, m3, 0xF0); \
-b1 = _mm_blend_epi16(m2, m7, 0xF0); \
-} while(0)
-
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_4_3(b0, b1) \
-do \
-{ \
-b0 = _mm_blend_epi16(m7, m5, 0xF0); \
-b1 = _mm_blend_epi16(m3, m1, 0xF0); \
-} while(0)
-
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_4_4(b0, b1) \
-do \
-{ \
-b0 = _mm_alignr_epi8(m6, m0, 8); \
-b1 = _mm_blend_epi16(m4, m6, 0xF0); \
-} while(0)
-
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_5_1(b0, b1) \
-do \
-{ \
-b0 = _mm_unpacklo_epi64(m1, m3); \
-b1 = _mm_unpacklo_epi64(m0, m4); \
-} while(0)
-
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_5_2(b0, b1) \
-do \
-{ \
-b0 = _mm_unpacklo_epi64(m6, m5); \
-b1 = _mm_unpackhi_epi64(m5, m1); \
-} while(0)
-
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_5_3(b0, b1) \
-do \
-{ \
-b0 = _mm_blend_epi16(m2, m3, 0xF0); \
-b1 = _mm_unpackhi_epi64(m7, m0); \
-} while(0)
-
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_5_4(b0, b1) \
-do \
-{ \
-b0 = _mm_unpackhi_epi64(m6, m2); \
-b1 = _mm_blend_epi16(m7, m4, 0xF0); \
-} while(0)
-
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_6_1(b0, b1) \
-do \
-{ \
-b0 = _mm_blend_epi16(m6, m0, 0xF0); \
-b1 = _mm_unpacklo_epi64(m7, m2); \
-} while(0)
-
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_6_2(b0, b1) \
-do \
-{ \
-b0 = _mm_unpackhi_epi64(m2, m7); \
-b1 = _mm_alignr_epi8(m5, m6, 8); \
-} while(0)
-
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_6_3(b0, b1) \
-do \
-{ \
-b0 = _mm_unpacklo_epi64(m0, m3); \
-b1 = _mm_shuffle_epi32(m4, _MM_SHUFFLE(1,0,3,2)); \
-} while(0)
-
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_6_4(b0, b1) \
-do \
-{ \
-b0 = _mm_unpackhi_epi64(m3, m1); \
-b1 = _mm_blend_epi16(m1, m5, 0xF0); \
-} while(0)
-
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_7_1(b0, b1) \
-do \
-{ \
-b0 = _mm_unpackhi_epi64(m6, m3); \
-b1 = _mm_blend_epi16(m6, m1, 0xF0); \
-} while(0)
-
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_7_2(b0, b1) \
-do \
-{ \
-b0 = _mm_alignr_epi8(m7, m5, 8); \
-b1 = _mm_unpackhi_epi64(m0, m4); \
-} while(0)
-
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_7_3(b0, b1) \
-do \
-{ \
-b0 = _mm_unpackhi_epi64(m2, m7); \
-b1 = _mm_unpacklo_epi64(m4, m1); \
-} while(0)
-
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_7_4(b0, b1) \
-do \
-{ \
-b0 = _mm_unpacklo_epi64(m0, m2); \
-b1 = _mm_unpacklo_epi64(m3, m5); \
-} while(0)
-
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_8_1(b0, b1) \
-do \
-{ \
-b0 = _mm_unpacklo_epi64(m3, m7); \
-b1 = _mm_alignr_epi8(m0, m5, 8); \
-} while(0)
-
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_8_2(b0, b1) \
-do \
-{ \
-b0 = _mm_unpackhi_epi64(m7, m4); \
-b1 = _mm_alignr_epi8(m4, m1, 8); \
-} while(0)
-
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_8_3(b0, b1) \
-do \
-{ \
-b0 = m6; \
-b1 = _mm_alignr_epi8(m5, m0, 8); \
-} while(0)
-
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_8_4(b0, b1) \
-do \
-{ \
-b0 = _mm_blend_epi16(m1, m3, 0xF0); \
-b1 = m2; \
-} while(0)
-
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_9_1(b0, b1) \
-do \
-{ \
-b0 = _mm_unpacklo_epi64(m5, m4); \
-b1 = _mm_unpackhi_epi64(m3, m0); \
-} while(0)
-
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_9_2(b0, b1) \
-do \
-{ \
-b0 = _mm_unpacklo_epi64(m1, m2); \
-b1 = _mm_blend_epi16(m3, m2, 0xF0); \
-} while(0)
-
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_9_3(b0, b1) \
-do \
-{ \
-b0 = _mm_unpackhi_epi64(m7, m4); \
-b1 = _mm_unpackhi_epi64(m1, m6); \
-} while(0)
-
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_9_4(b0, b1) \
-do \
-{ \
-b0 = _mm_alignr_epi8(m7, m5, 8); \
-b1 = _mm_unpacklo_epi64(m6, m0); \
-} while(0)
-
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_10_1(b0, b1) \
-do \
-{ \
-b0 = _mm_unpacklo_epi64(m0, m1); \
-b1 = _mm_unpacklo_epi64(m2, m3); \
-} while(0)
-
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_10_2(b0, b1) \
-do \
-{ \
-b0 = _mm_unpackhi_epi64(m0, m1); \
-b1 = _mm_unpackhi_epi64(m2, m3); \
-} while(0)
-
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_10_3(b0, b1) \
-do \
-{ \
-b0 = _mm_unpacklo_epi64(m4, m5); \
-b1 = _mm_unpacklo_epi64(m6, m7); \
-} while(0)
-
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_10_4(b0, b1) \
-do \
-{ \
-b0 = _mm_unpackhi_epi64(m4, m5); \
-b1 = _mm_unpackhi_epi64(m6, m7); \
-} while(0)
-
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_11_1(b0, b1) \
-do \
-{ \
-b0 = _mm_unpacklo_epi64(m7, m2); \
-b1 = _mm_unpackhi_epi64(m4, m6); \
-} while(0)
-
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_11_2(b0, b1) \
-do \
-{ \
-b0 = _mm_unpacklo_epi64(m5, m4); \
-b1 = _mm_alignr_epi8(m3, m7, 8); \
-} while(0)
-
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_11_3(b0, b1) \
-do \
-{ \
-b0 = _mm_shuffle_epi32(m0, _MM_SHUFFLE(1,0,3,2)); \
-b1 = _mm_unpackhi_epi64(m5, m2); \
-} while(0)
-
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_11_4(b0, b1) \
-do \
-{ \
-b0 = _mm_unpacklo_epi64(m6, m1); \
-b1 = _mm_unpackhi_epi64(m3, m1); \
-} while(0)
-
-
-#endif
-
diff --git a/Modules/_blake2/impl/blake2b-ref.c b/Modules/_blake2/impl/blake2b-ref.c
deleted file mode 100644
index e58c43659d9cc8..00000000000000
--- a/Modules/_blake2/impl/blake2b-ref.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,379 +0,0 @@
-/*
-   BLAKE2 reference source code package - reference C implementations
-
-   Written in 2012 by Samuel Neves <sneves@dei.uc.pt>
-
-   To the extent possible under law, the author(s) have dedicated all copyright
-   and related and neighboring rights to this software to the public domain
-   worldwide. This software is distributed without any warranty.
-
-   You should have received a copy of the CC0 Public Domain Dedication along with
-   this software. If not, see <http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/>.
-*/
-
-#include <stdint.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-
-#include "blake2.h"
-#include "blake2-impl.h"
-
-static const uint64_t blake2b_IV[8] =
-{
-  0x6a09e667f3bcc908ULL, 0xbb67ae8584caa73bULL,
-  0x3c6ef372fe94f82bULL, 0xa54ff53a5f1d36f1ULL,
-  0x510e527fade682d1ULL, 0x9b05688c2b3e6c1fULL,
-  0x1f83d9abfb41bd6bULL, 0x5be0cd19137e2179ULL
-};
-
-static const uint8_t blake2b_sigma[12][16] =
-{
-  {  0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 } ,
-  { 14, 10,  4,  8,  9, 15, 13,  6,  1, 12,  0,  2, 11,  7,  5,  3 } ,
-  { 11,  8, 12,  0,  5,  2, 15, 13, 10, 14,  3,  6,  7,  1,  9,  4 } ,
-  {  7,  9,  3,  1, 13, 12, 11, 14,  2,  6,  5, 10,  4,  0, 15,  8 } ,
-  {  9,  0,  5,  7,  2,  4, 10, 15, 14,  1, 11, 12,  6,  8,  3, 13 } ,
-  {  2, 12,  6, 10,  0, 11,  8,  3,  4, 13,  7,  5, 15, 14,  1,  9 } ,
-  { 12,  5,  1, 15, 14, 13,  4, 10,  0,  7,  6,  3,  9,  2,  8, 11 } ,
-  { 13, 11,  7, 14, 12,  1,  3,  9,  5,  0, 15,  4,  8,  6,  2, 10 } ,
-  {  6, 15, 14,  9, 11,  3,  0,  8, 12,  2, 13,  7,  1,  4, 10,  5 } ,
-  { 10,  2,  8,  4,  7,  6,  1,  5, 15, 11,  9, 14,  3, 12, 13 , 0 } ,
-  {  0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 } ,
-  { 14, 10,  4,  8,  9, 15, 13,  6,  1, 12,  0,  2, 11,  7,  5,  3 }
-};
-
-
-static inline int blake2b_set_lastnode( blake2b_state *S )
-{
-  S->f[1] = ~0ULL;
-  return 0;
-}
-
-static inline int blake2b_clear_lastnode( blake2b_state *S )
-{
-  S->f[1] = 0ULL;
-  return 0;
-}
-
-/* Some helper functions, not necessarily useful */
-static inline int blake2b_set_lastblock( blake2b_state *S )
-{
-  if( S->last_node ) blake2b_set_lastnode( S );
-
-  S->f[0] = ~0ULL;
-  return 0;
-}
-
-static inline int blake2b_clear_lastblock( blake2b_state *S )
-{
-  if( S->last_node ) blake2b_clear_lastnode( S );
-
-  S->f[0] = 0ULL;
-  return 0;
-}
-
-static inline int blake2b_increment_counter( blake2b_state *S, const uint64_t inc )
-{
-  S->t[0] += inc;
-  S->t[1] += ( S->t[0] < inc );
-  return 0;
-}
-
-
-
-// Parameter-related functions
-static inline int blake2b_param_set_digest_length( blake2b_param *P, const uint8_t digest_length )
-{
-  P->digest_length = digest_length;
-  return 0;
-}
-
-static inline int blake2b_param_set_fanout( blake2b_param *P, const uint8_t fanout )
-{
-  P->fanout = fanout;
-  return 0;
-}
-
-static inline int blake2b_param_set_max_depth( blake2b_param *P, const uint8_t depth )
-{
-  P->depth = depth;
-  return 0;
-}
-
-static inline int blake2b_param_set_leaf_length( blake2b_param *P, const uint32_t leaf_length )
-{
-  store32( &P->leaf_length, leaf_length );
-  return 0;
-}
-
-static inline int blake2b_param_set_node_offset( blake2b_param *P, const uint64_t node_offset )
-{
-  store64( &P->node_offset, node_offset );
-  return 0;
-}
-
-static inline int blake2b_param_set_node_depth( blake2b_param *P, const uint8_t node_depth )
-{
-  P->node_depth = node_depth;
-  return 0;
-}
-
-static inline int blake2b_param_set_inner_length( blake2b_param *P, const uint8_t inner_length )
-{
-  P->inner_length = inner_length;
-  return 0;
-}
-
-static inline int blake2b_param_set_salt( blake2b_param *P, const uint8_t salt[BLAKE2B_SALTBYTES] )
-{
-  memcpy( P->salt, salt, BLAKE2B_SALTBYTES );
-  return 0;
-}
-
-static inline int blake2b_param_set_personal( blake2b_param *P, const uint8_t personal[BLAKE2B_PERSONALBYTES] )
-{
-  memcpy( P->personal, personal, BLAKE2B_PERSONALBYTES );
-  return 0;
-}
-
-static inline int blake2b_init0( blake2b_state *S )
-{
-  memset( S, 0, sizeof( blake2b_state ) );
-
-  for( int i = 0; i < 8; ++i ) S->h[i] = blake2b_IV[i];
-
-  return 0;
-}
-
-#if defined(__cplusplus)
-extern "C" {
-#endif
-  int blake2b_init( blake2b_state *S, size_t outlen );
-  int blake2b_init_param( blake2b_state *S, const blake2b_param *P );
-  int blake2b_init_key( blake2b_state *S, size_t outlen, const void *key, size_t keylen );
-  int blake2b_update( blake2b_state *S, const uint8_t *in, size_t inlen );
-  int blake2b_final( blake2b_state *S, uint8_t *out, size_t outlen );
-  int blake2b( uint8_t *out, const void *in, const void *key, size_t outlen, size_t inlen, size_t keylen );
-#if defined(__cplusplus)
-}
-#endif
-
-/* init xors IV with input parameter block */
-int blake2b_init_param( blake2b_state *S, const blake2b_param *P )
-{
-  blake2b_init0( S );
-  uint8_t *p = ( uint8_t * )( P );
-
-  /* IV XOR ParamBlock */
-  for( size_t i = 0; i < 8; ++i )
-    S->h[i] ^= load64( p + sizeof( S->h[i] ) * i );
-
-  S->outlen = P->digest_length;
-  return 0;
-}
-
-
-
-int blake2b_init( blake2b_state *S, size_t outlen )
-{
-  blake2b_param P[1];
-
-  if ( ( !outlen ) || ( outlen > BLAKE2B_OUTBYTES ) ) return -1;
-
-  P->digest_length = ( uint8_t ) outlen;
-  P->key_length    = 0;
-  P->fanout        = 1;
-  P->depth         = 1;
-  store32( &P->leaf_length, 0 );
-  store64( &P->node_offset, 0 );
-  P->node_depth    = 0;
-  P->inner_length  = 0;
-  memset( P->reserved, 0, sizeof( P->reserved ) );
-  memset( P->salt,     0, sizeof( P->salt ) );
-  memset( P->personal, 0, sizeof( P->personal ) );
-  return blake2b_init_param( S, P );
-}
-
-
-int blake2b_init_key( blake2b_state *S, size_t outlen, const void *key, size_t keylen )
-{
-  blake2b_param P[1];
-
-  if ( ( !outlen ) || ( outlen > BLAKE2B_OUTBYTES ) ) return -1;
-
-  if ( !key || !keylen || keylen > BLAKE2B_KEYBYTES ) return -1;
-
-  P->digest_length = ( uint8_t ) outlen;
-  P->key_length    = ( uint8_t ) keylen;
-  P->fanout        = 1;
-  P->depth         = 1;
-  store32( &P->leaf_length, 0 );
-  store64( &P->node_offset, 0 );
-  P->node_depth    = 0;
-  P->inner_length  = 0;
-  memset( P->reserved, 0, sizeof( P->reserved ) );
-  memset( P->salt,     0, sizeof( P->salt ) );
-  memset( P->personal, 0, sizeof( P->personal ) );
-
-  if( blake2b_init_param( S, P ) < 0 ) return -1;
-
-  {
-    uint8_t block[BLAKE2B_BLOCKBYTES];
-    memset( block, 0, BLAKE2B_BLOCKBYTES );
-    memcpy( block, key, keylen );
-    blake2b_update( S, block, BLAKE2B_BLOCKBYTES );
-    secure_zero_memory( block, BLAKE2B_BLOCKBYTES ); /* Burn the key from stack */
-  }
-  return 0;
-}
-
-static int blake2b_compress( blake2b_state *S, const uint8_t block[BLAKE2B_BLOCKBYTES] )
-{
-  uint64_t m[16];
-  uint64_t v[16];
-  size_t i;
-
-  for( i = 0; i < 16; ++i )
-    m[i] = load64( block + i * sizeof( m[i] ) );
-
-  for( i = 0; i < 8; ++i )
-    v[i] = S->h[i];
-
-  v[ 8] = blake2b_IV[0];
-  v[ 9] = blake2b_IV[1];
-  v[10] = blake2b_IV[2];
-  v[11] = blake2b_IV[3];
-  v[12] = S->t[0] ^ blake2b_IV[4];
-  v[13] = S->t[1] ^ blake2b_IV[5];
-  v[14] = S->f[0] ^ blake2b_IV[6];
-  v[15] = S->f[1] ^ blake2b_IV[7];
-#define G(r,i,a,b,c,d) \
-  do { \
-    a = a + b + m[blake2b_sigma[r][2*i+0]]; \
-    d = rotr64(d ^ a, 32); \
-    c = c + d; \
-    b = rotr64(b ^ c, 24); \
-    a = a + b + m[blake2b_sigma[r][2*i+1]]; \
-    d = rotr64(d ^ a, 16); \
-    c = c + d; \
-    b = rotr64(b ^ c, 63); \
-  } while(0)
-#define ROUND(r)  \
-  do { \
-    G(r,0,v[ 0],v[ 4],v[ 8],v[12]); \
-    G(r,1,v[ 1],v[ 5],v[ 9],v[13]); \
-    G(r,2,v[ 2],v[ 6],v[10],v[14]); \
-    G(r,3,v[ 3],v[ 7],v[11],v[15]); \
-    G(r,4,v[ 0],v[ 5],v[10],v[15]); \
-    G(r,5,v[ 1],v[ 6],v[11],v[12]); \
-    G(r,6,v[ 2],v[ 7],v[ 8],v[13]); \
-    G(r,7,v[ 3],v[ 4],v[ 9],v[14]); \
-  } while(0)
-  ROUND( 0 );
-  ROUND( 1 );
-  ROUND( 2 );
-  ROUND( 3 );
-  ROUND( 4 );
-  ROUND( 5 );
-  ROUND( 6 );
-  ROUND( 7 );
-  ROUND( 8 );
-  ROUND( 9 );
-  ROUND( 10 );
-  ROUND( 11 );
-
-  for( i = 0; i < 8; ++i )
-    S->h[i] = S->h[i] ^ v[i] ^ v[i + 8];
-
-#undef G
-#undef ROUND
-  return 0;
-}
-
-
-int blake2b_update( blake2b_state *S, const uint8_t *in, size_t inlen )
-{
-  while( inlen > 0 )
-  {
-    uint32_t left = S->buflen;
-    uint32_t fill = 2 * BLAKE2B_BLOCKBYTES - left;
-
-    if( inlen > fill )
-    {
-      memcpy( S->buf + left, in, fill ); // Fill buffer
-      S->buflen += fill;
-      blake2b_increment_counter( S, BLAKE2B_BLOCKBYTES );
-      blake2b_compress( S, S->buf ); // Compress
-      memcpy( S->buf, S->buf + BLAKE2B_BLOCKBYTES, BLAKE2B_BLOCKBYTES ); // Shift buffer left
-      S->buflen -= BLAKE2B_BLOCKBYTES;
-      in += fill;
-      inlen -= fill;
-    }
-    else // inlen <= fill
-    {
-      memcpy( S->buf + left, in, inlen );
-      S->buflen += ( uint32_t ) inlen; // Be lazy, do not compress
-      in += inlen;
-      inlen -= inlen;
-    }
-  }
-
-  return 0;
-}
-
-int blake2b_final( blake2b_state *S, uint8_t *out, size_t outlen )
-{
-  uint8_t buffer[BLAKE2B_OUTBYTES];
-  size_t i;
-
-  if(S->outlen != outlen) return -1;
-
-  if( S->buflen > BLAKE2B_BLOCKBYTES )
-  {
-    blake2b_increment_counter( S, BLAKE2B_BLOCKBYTES );
-    blake2b_compress( S, S->buf );
-    S->buflen -= BLAKE2B_BLOCKBYTES;
-    memmove( S->buf, S->buf + BLAKE2B_BLOCKBYTES, S->buflen );
-  }
-
-  blake2b_increment_counter( S, S->buflen );
-  blake2b_set_lastblock( S );
-  memset( S->buf + S->buflen, 0, 2 * BLAKE2B_BLOCKBYTES - S->buflen ); /* Padding */
-  blake2b_compress( S, S->buf );
-
-  for( i = 0; i < 8; ++i ) /* Output full hash to temp buffer */
-    store64( buffer + sizeof( S->h[i] ) * i, S->h[i] );
-
-  memcpy( out, buffer, outlen );
-  return 0;
-}
-
-int blake2b( uint8_t *out, const void *in, const void *key, size_t outlen, size_t inlen, size_t keylen )
-{
-  blake2b_state S[1];
-
-  /* Verify parameters */
-  if ( NULL == in && inlen > 0 ) return -1;
-
-  if ( NULL == out ) return -1;
-
-  if( NULL == key && keylen > 0 ) return -1;
-
-  if( !outlen || outlen > BLAKE2B_OUTBYTES ) return -1;
-
-  if( keylen > BLAKE2B_KEYBYTES ) return -1;
-
-  if( keylen > 0 )
-  {
-    if( blake2b_init_key( S, outlen, key, keylen ) < 0 ) return -1;
-  }
-  else
-  {
-    if( blake2b_init( S, outlen ) < 0 ) return -1;
-  }
-
-  if( blake2b_update( S, ( uint8_t * )in, inlen ) < 0 ) return -1;
-  return blake2b_final( S, out, outlen );
-}
-
-
diff --git a/Modules/_blake2/impl/blake2b-round.h b/Modules/_blake2/impl/blake2b-round.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 5b452c4d63babe..00000000000000
--- a/Modules/_blake2/impl/blake2b-round.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,160 +0,0 @@
-/*
-   BLAKE2 reference source code package - optimized C implementations
-
-   Written in 2012 by Samuel Neves <sneves@dei.uc.pt>
-
-   To the extent possible under law, the author(s) have dedicated all copyright
-   and related and neighboring rights to this software to the public domain
-   worldwide. This software is distributed without any warranty.
-
-   You should have received a copy of the CC0 Public Domain Dedication along with
-   this software. If not, see <http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/>.
-*/
-#pragma once
-#ifndef __BLAKE2B_ROUND_H__
-#define __BLAKE2B_ROUND_H__
-
-#define LOAD(p)  _mm_load_si128( (__m128i *)(p) )
-#define STORE(p,r) _mm_store_si128((__m128i *)(p), r)
-
-#define LOADU(p)  _mm_loadu_si128( (__m128i *)(p) )
-#define STOREU(p,r) _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i *)(p), r)
-
-#define TOF(reg) _mm_castsi128_ps((reg))
-#define TOI(reg) _mm_castps_si128((reg))
-
-#define LIKELY(x) __builtin_expect((x),1)
-
-
-/* Microarchitecture-specific macros */
-#ifndef HAVE_XOP
-#ifdef HAVE_SSSE3
-#define _mm_roti_epi64(x, c) \
-    (-(c) == 32) ? _mm_shuffle_epi32((x), _MM_SHUFFLE(2,3,0,1))  \
-    : (-(c) == 24) ? _mm_shuffle_epi8((x), r24) \
-    : (-(c) == 16) ? _mm_shuffle_epi8((x), r16) \
-    : (-(c) == 63) ? _mm_xor_si128(_mm_srli_epi64((x), -(c)), _mm_add_epi64((x), (x)))  \
-    : _mm_xor_si128(_mm_srli_epi64((x), -(c)), _mm_slli_epi64((x), 64-(-(c))))
-#else
-#define _mm_roti_epi64(r, c) _mm_xor_si128(_mm_srli_epi64( (r), -(c) ),_mm_slli_epi64( (r), 64-(-(c)) ))
-#endif
-#else
-/* ... */
-#endif
-
-
-
-#define G1(row1l,row2l,row3l,row4l,row1h,row2h,row3h,row4h,b0,b1) \
-  row1l = _mm_add_epi64(_mm_add_epi64(row1l, b0), row2l); \
-  row1h = _mm_add_epi64(_mm_add_epi64(row1h, b1), row2h); \
-  \
-  row4l = _mm_xor_si128(row4l, row1l); \
-  row4h = _mm_xor_si128(row4h, row1h); \
-  \
-  row4l = _mm_roti_epi64(row4l, -32); \
-  row4h = _mm_roti_epi64(row4h, -32); \
-  \
-  row3l = _mm_add_epi64(row3l, row4l); \
-  row3h = _mm_add_epi64(row3h, row4h); \
-  \
-  row2l = _mm_xor_si128(row2l, row3l); \
-  row2h = _mm_xor_si128(row2h, row3h); \
-  \
-  row2l = _mm_roti_epi64(row2l, -24); \
-  row2h = _mm_roti_epi64(row2h, -24); \
-
-#define G2(row1l,row2l,row3l,row4l,row1h,row2h,row3h,row4h,b0,b1) \
-  row1l = _mm_add_epi64(_mm_add_epi64(row1l, b0), row2l); \
-  row1h = _mm_add_epi64(_mm_add_epi64(row1h, b1), row2h); \
-  \
-  row4l = _mm_xor_si128(row4l, row1l); \
-  row4h = _mm_xor_si128(row4h, row1h); \
-  \
-  row4l = _mm_roti_epi64(row4l, -16); \
-  row4h = _mm_roti_epi64(row4h, -16); \
-  \
-  row3l = _mm_add_epi64(row3l, row4l); \
-  row3h = _mm_add_epi64(row3h, row4h); \
-  \
-  row2l = _mm_xor_si128(row2l, row3l); \
-  row2h = _mm_xor_si128(row2h, row3h); \
-  \
-  row2l = _mm_roti_epi64(row2l, -63); \
-  row2h = _mm_roti_epi64(row2h, -63); \
-
-#if defined(HAVE_SSSE3)
-#define DIAGONALIZE(row1l,row2l,row3l,row4l,row1h,row2h,row3h,row4h) \
-  t0 = _mm_alignr_epi8(row2h, row2l, 8); \
-  t1 = _mm_alignr_epi8(row2l, row2h, 8); \
-  row2l = t0; \
-  row2h = t1; \
-  \
-  t0 = row3l; \
-  row3l = row3h; \
-  row3h = t0;    \
-  \
-  t0 = _mm_alignr_epi8(row4h, row4l, 8); \
-  t1 = _mm_alignr_epi8(row4l, row4h, 8); \
-  row4l = t1; \
-  row4h = t0;
-
-#define UNDIAGONALIZE(row1l,row2l,row3l,row4l,row1h,row2h,row3h,row4h) \
-  t0 = _mm_alignr_epi8(row2l, row2h, 8); \
-  t1 = _mm_alignr_epi8(row2h, row2l, 8); \
-  row2l = t0; \
-  row2h = t1; \
-  \
-  t0 = row3l; \
-  row3l = row3h; \
-  row3h = t0; \
-  \
-  t0 = _mm_alignr_epi8(row4l, row4h, 8); \
-  t1 = _mm_alignr_epi8(row4h, row4l, 8); \
-  row4l = t1; \
-  row4h = t0;
-#else
-
-#define DIAGONALIZE(row1l,row2l,row3l,row4l,row1h,row2h,row3h,row4h) \
-  t0 = row4l;\
-  t1 = row2l;\
-  row4l = row3l;\
-  row3l = row3h;\
-  row3h = row4l;\
-  row4l = _mm_unpackhi_epi64(row4h, _mm_unpacklo_epi64(t0, t0)); \
-  row4h = _mm_unpackhi_epi64(t0, _mm_unpacklo_epi64(row4h, row4h)); \
-  row2l = _mm_unpackhi_epi64(row2l, _mm_unpacklo_epi64(row2h, row2h)); \
-  row2h = _mm_unpackhi_epi64(row2h, _mm_unpacklo_epi64(t1, t1))
-
-#define UNDIAGONALIZE(row1l,row2l,row3l,row4l,row1h,row2h,row3h,row4h) \
-  t0 = row3l;\
-  row3l = row3h;\
-  row3h = t0;\
-  t0 = row2l;\
-  t1 = row4l;\
-  row2l = _mm_unpackhi_epi64(row2h, _mm_unpacklo_epi64(row2l, row2l)); \
-  row2h = _mm_unpackhi_epi64(t0, _mm_unpacklo_epi64(row2h, row2h)); \
-  row4l = _mm_unpackhi_epi64(row4l, _mm_unpacklo_epi64(row4h, row4h)); \
-  row4h = _mm_unpackhi_epi64(row4h, _mm_unpacklo_epi64(t1, t1))
-
-#endif
-
-#if defined(HAVE_SSE4_1)
-#include "blake2b-load-sse41.h"
-#else
-#include "blake2b-load-sse2.h"
-#endif
-
-#define ROUND(r) \
-  LOAD_MSG_ ##r ##_1(b0, b1); \
-  G1(row1l,row2l,row3l,row4l,row1h,row2h,row3h,row4h,b0,b1); \
-  LOAD_MSG_ ##r ##_2(b0, b1); \
-  G2(row1l,row2l,row3l,row4l,row1h,row2h,row3h,row4h,b0,b1); \
-  DIAGONALIZE(row1l,row2l,row3l,row4l,row1h,row2h,row3h,row4h); \
-  LOAD_MSG_ ##r ##_3(b0, b1); \
-  G1(row1l,row2l,row3l,row4l,row1h,row2h,row3h,row4h,b0,b1); \
-  LOAD_MSG_ ##r ##_4(b0, b1); \
-  G2(row1l,row2l,row3l,row4l,row1h,row2h,row3h,row4h,b0,b1); \
-  UNDIAGONALIZE(row1l,row2l,row3l,row4l,row1h,row2h,row3h,row4h);
-
-#endif
-
diff --git a/Modules/_blake2/impl/blake2b.c b/Modules/_blake2/impl/blake2b.c
deleted file mode 100644
index cef22838917d9d..00000000000000
--- a/Modules/_blake2/impl/blake2b.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,436 +0,0 @@
-/*
-   BLAKE2 reference source code package - optimized C implementations
-
-   Written in 2012 by Samuel Neves <sneves@dei.uc.pt>
-
-   To the extent possible under law, the author(s) have dedicated all copyright
-   and related and neighboring rights to this software to the public domain
-   worldwide. This software is distributed without any warranty.
-
-   You should have received a copy of the CC0 Public Domain Dedication along with
-   this software. If not, see <http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/>.
-*/
-
-#include <stdint.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-
-#include "blake2.h"
-#include "blake2-impl.h"
-
-#include "blake2-config.h"
-
-#if defined(_MSC_VER)
-#include <intrin.h>
-#endif
-
-#if defined(HAVE_SSE2)
-#include <emmintrin.h>
-// MSVC only defines  _mm_set_epi64x for x86_64...
-#if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(_M_X64) && !defined(__clang__)
-static inline __m128i _mm_set_epi64x( const uint64_t u1, const uint64_t u0 )
-{
-  return _mm_set_epi32( u1 >> 32, u1, u0 >> 32, u0 );
-}
-#endif
-#endif
-
-#if defined(HAVE_SSSE3)
-#include <tmmintrin.h>
-#endif
-#if defined(HAVE_SSE4_1)
-#include <smmintrin.h>
-#endif
-#if defined(HAVE_AVX)
-#include <immintrin.h>
-#endif
-#if defined(HAVE_XOP) && !defined(_MSC_VER)
-#include <x86intrin.h>
-#endif
-
-
-
-#include "blake2b-round.h"
-
-static const uint64_t blake2b_IV[8] =
-{
-  0x6a09e667f3bcc908ULL, 0xbb67ae8584caa73bULL,
-  0x3c6ef372fe94f82bULL, 0xa54ff53a5f1d36f1ULL,
-  0x510e527fade682d1ULL, 0x9b05688c2b3e6c1fULL,
-  0x1f83d9abfb41bd6bULL, 0x5be0cd19137e2179ULL
-};
-
-static const uint8_t blake2b_sigma[12][16] =
-{
-  {  0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 } ,
-  { 14, 10,  4,  8,  9, 15, 13,  6,  1, 12,  0,  2, 11,  7,  5,  3 } ,
-  { 11,  8, 12,  0,  5,  2, 15, 13, 10, 14,  3,  6,  7,  1,  9,  4 } ,
-  {  7,  9,  3,  1, 13, 12, 11, 14,  2,  6,  5, 10,  4,  0, 15,  8 } ,
-  {  9,  0,  5,  7,  2,  4, 10, 15, 14,  1, 11, 12,  6,  8,  3, 13 } ,
-  {  2, 12,  6, 10,  0, 11,  8,  3,  4, 13,  7,  5, 15, 14,  1,  9 } ,
-  { 12,  5,  1, 15, 14, 13,  4, 10,  0,  7,  6,  3,  9,  2,  8, 11 } ,
-  { 13, 11,  7, 14, 12,  1,  3,  9,  5,  0, 15,  4,  8,  6,  2, 10 } ,
-  {  6, 15, 14,  9, 11,  3,  0,  8, 12,  2, 13,  7,  1,  4, 10,  5 } ,
-  { 10,  2,  8,  4,  7,  6,  1,  5, 15, 11,  9, 14,  3, 12, 13 , 0 } ,
-  {  0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 } ,
-  { 14, 10,  4,  8,  9, 15, 13,  6,  1, 12,  0,  2, 11,  7,  5,  3 }
-};
-
-
-/* Some helper functions, not necessarily useful */
-static inline int blake2b_set_lastnode( blake2b_state *S )
-{
-  S->f[1] = ~0ULL;
-  return 0;
-}
-
-static inline int blake2b_clear_lastnode( blake2b_state *S )
-{
-  S->f[1] = 0ULL;
-  return 0;
-}
-
-static inline int blake2b_set_lastblock( blake2b_state *S )
-{
-  if( S->last_node ) blake2b_set_lastnode( S );
-
-  S->f[0] = ~0ULL;
-  return 0;
-}
-
-static inline int blake2b_clear_lastblock( blake2b_state *S )
-{
-  if( S->last_node ) blake2b_clear_lastnode( S );
-
-  S->f[0] = 0ULL;
-  return 0;
-}
-
-
-static inline int blake2b_increment_counter( blake2b_state *S, const uint64_t inc )
-{
-#if defined(__x86_64__) && (defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__))
-  // ADD/ADC chain
-  __uint128_t t = ( ( __uint128_t )S->t[1] << 64 ) | S->t[0];
-  t += inc;
-  S->t[0] = ( uint64_t )( t >>  0 );
-  S->t[1] = ( uint64_t )( t >> 64 );
-#else
-  S->t[0] += inc;
-  S->t[1] += ( S->t[0] < inc );
-#endif
-  return 0;
-}
-
-
-// Parameter-related functions
-static inline int blake2b_param_set_digest_length( blake2b_param *P, const uint8_t digest_length )
-{
-  P->digest_length = digest_length;
-  return 0;
-}
-
-static inline int blake2b_param_set_fanout( blake2b_param *P, const uint8_t fanout )
-{
-  P->fanout = fanout;
-  return 0;
-}
-
-static inline int blake2b_param_set_max_depth( blake2b_param *P, const uint8_t depth )
-{
-  P->depth = depth;
-  return 0;
-}
-
-static inline int blake2b_param_set_leaf_length( blake2b_param *P, const uint32_t leaf_length )
-{
-  P->leaf_length = leaf_length;
-  return 0;
-}
-
-static inline int blake2b_param_set_node_offset( blake2b_param *P, const uint64_t node_offset )
-{
-  P->node_offset = node_offset;
-  return 0;
-}
-
-static inline int blake2b_param_set_node_depth( blake2b_param *P, const uint8_t node_depth )
-{
-  P->node_depth = node_depth;
-  return 0;
-}
-
-static inline int blake2b_param_set_inner_length( blake2b_param *P, const uint8_t inner_length )
-{
-  P->inner_length = inner_length;
-  return 0;
-}
-
-static inline int blake2b_param_set_salt( blake2b_param *P, const uint8_t salt[BLAKE2B_SALTBYTES] )
-{
-  memcpy( P->salt, salt, BLAKE2B_SALTBYTES );
-  return 0;
-}
-
-static inline int blake2b_param_set_personal( blake2b_param *P, const uint8_t personal[BLAKE2B_PERSONALBYTES] )
-{
-  memcpy( P->personal, personal, BLAKE2B_PERSONALBYTES );
-  return 0;
-}
-
-static inline int blake2b_init0( blake2b_state *S )
-{
-  memset( S, 0, sizeof( blake2b_state ) );
-
-  for( int i = 0; i < 8; ++i ) S->h[i] = blake2b_IV[i];
-
-  return 0;
-}
-
-
-
-#if defined(__cplusplus)
-extern "C" {
-#endif
-  int blake2b_init( blake2b_state *S, size_t outlen );
-  int blake2b_init_param( blake2b_state *S, const blake2b_param *P );
-  int blake2b_init_key( blake2b_state *S, size_t outlen, const void *key, size_t keylen );
-  int blake2b_update( blake2b_state *S, const uint8_t *in, size_t inlen );
-  int blake2b_final( blake2b_state *S, uint8_t *out, size_t outlen );
-  int blake2b( uint8_t *out, const void *in, const void *key, size_t outlen, size_t inlen, size_t keylen );
-#if defined(__cplusplus)
-}
-#endif
-
-/* init xors IV with input parameter block */
-int blake2b_init_param( blake2b_state *S, const blake2b_param *P )
-{
-  uint8_t *p, *h, *v;
-  //blake2b_init0( S );
-  v = ( uint8_t * )( blake2b_IV );
-  h = ( uint8_t * )( S->h );
-  p = ( uint8_t * )( P );
-  /* IV XOR ParamBlock */
-  memset( S, 0, sizeof( blake2b_state ) );
-
-  for( int i = 0; i < BLAKE2B_OUTBYTES; ++i ) h[i] = v[i] ^ p[i];
-
-  S->outlen = P->digest_length;
-  return 0;
-}
-
-
-/* Some sort of default parameter block initialization, for sequential blake2b */
-
-int blake2b_init( blake2b_state *S, size_t outlen )
-{
-  if ( ( !outlen ) || ( outlen > BLAKE2B_OUTBYTES ) ) return -1;
-
-  const blake2b_param P =
-  {
-    ( uint8_t ) outlen,
-    0,
-    1,
-    1,
-    0,
-    0,
-    0,
-    0,
-    {0},
-    {0},
-    {0}
-  };
-  return blake2b_init_param( S, &P );
-}
-
-int blake2b_init_key( blake2b_state *S, size_t outlen, const void *key, size_t keylen )
-{
-  if ( ( !outlen ) || ( outlen > BLAKE2B_OUTBYTES ) ) return -1;
-
-  if ( ( !keylen ) || keylen > BLAKE2B_KEYBYTES ) return -1;
-
-  const blake2b_param P =
-  {
-    ( uint8_t ) outlen,
-    ( uint8_t ) keylen,
-    1,
-    1,
-    0,
-    0,
-    0,
-    0,
-    {0},
-    {0},
-    {0}
-  };
-
-  if( blake2b_init_param( S, &P ) < 0 )
-    return 0;
-
-  {
-    uint8_t block[BLAKE2B_BLOCKBYTES];
-    memset( block, 0, BLAKE2B_BLOCKBYTES );
-    memcpy( block, key, keylen );
-    blake2b_update( S, block, BLAKE2B_BLOCKBYTES );
-    secure_zero_memory( block, BLAKE2B_BLOCKBYTES ); /* Burn the key from stack */
-  }
-  return 0;
-}
-
-static inline int blake2b_compress( blake2b_state *S, const uint8_t block[BLAKE2B_BLOCKBYTES] )
-{
-  __m128i row1l, row1h;
-  __m128i row2l, row2h;
-  __m128i row3l, row3h;
-  __m128i row4l, row4h;
-  __m128i b0, b1;
-  __m128i t0, t1;
-#if defined(HAVE_SSSE3) && !defined(HAVE_XOP)
-  const __m128i r16 = _mm_setr_epi8( 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 0, 1, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 8, 9 );
-  const __m128i r24 = _mm_setr_epi8( 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 0, 1, 2, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 8, 9, 10 );
-#endif
-#if defined(HAVE_SSE4_1)
-  const __m128i m0 = LOADU( block + 00 );
-  const __m128i m1 = LOADU( block + 16 );
-  const __m128i m2 = LOADU( block + 32 );
-  const __m128i m3 = LOADU( block + 48 );
-  const __m128i m4 = LOADU( block + 64 );
-  const __m128i m5 = LOADU( block + 80 );
-  const __m128i m6 = LOADU( block + 96 );
-  const __m128i m7 = LOADU( block + 112 );
-#else
-  const uint64_t  m0 = ( ( uint64_t * )block )[ 0];
-  const uint64_t  m1 = ( ( uint64_t * )block )[ 1];
-  const uint64_t  m2 = ( ( uint64_t * )block )[ 2];
-  const uint64_t  m3 = ( ( uint64_t * )block )[ 3];
-  const uint64_t  m4 = ( ( uint64_t * )block )[ 4];
-  const uint64_t  m5 = ( ( uint64_t * )block )[ 5];
-  const uint64_t  m6 = ( ( uint64_t * )block )[ 6];
-  const uint64_t  m7 = ( ( uint64_t * )block )[ 7];
-  const uint64_t  m8 = ( ( uint64_t * )block )[ 8];
-  const uint64_t  m9 = ( ( uint64_t * )block )[ 9];
-  const uint64_t m10 = ( ( uint64_t * )block )[10];
-  const uint64_t m11 = ( ( uint64_t * )block )[11];
-  const uint64_t m12 = ( ( uint64_t * )block )[12];
-  const uint64_t m13 = ( ( uint64_t * )block )[13];
-  const uint64_t m14 = ( ( uint64_t * )block )[14];
-  const uint64_t m15 = ( ( uint64_t * )block )[15];
-#endif
-  row1l = LOADU( &S->h[0] );
-  row1h = LOADU( &S->h[2] );
-  row2l = LOADU( &S->h[4] );
-  row2h = LOADU( &S->h[6] );
-  row3l = LOADU( &blake2b_IV[0] );
-  row3h = LOADU( &blake2b_IV[2] );
-  row4l = _mm_xor_si128( LOADU( &blake2b_IV[4] ), LOADU( &S->t[0] ) );
-  row4h = _mm_xor_si128( LOADU( &blake2b_IV[6] ), LOADU( &S->f[0] ) );
-  ROUND( 0 );
-  ROUND( 1 );
-  ROUND( 2 );
-  ROUND( 3 );
-  ROUND( 4 );
-  ROUND( 5 );
-  ROUND( 6 );
-  ROUND( 7 );
-  ROUND( 8 );
-  ROUND( 9 );
-  ROUND( 10 );
-  ROUND( 11 );
-  row1l = _mm_xor_si128( row3l, row1l );
-  row1h = _mm_xor_si128( row3h, row1h );
-  STOREU( &S->h[0], _mm_xor_si128( LOADU( &S->h[0] ), row1l ) );
-  STOREU( &S->h[2], _mm_xor_si128( LOADU( &S->h[2] ), row1h ) );
-  row2l = _mm_xor_si128( row4l, row2l );
-  row2h = _mm_xor_si128( row4h, row2h );
-  STOREU( &S->h[4], _mm_xor_si128( LOADU( &S->h[4] ), row2l ) );
-  STOREU( &S->h[6], _mm_xor_si128( LOADU( &S->h[6] ), row2h ) );
-  return 0;
-}
-
-
-int blake2b_update( blake2b_state *S, const uint8_t *in, size_t inlen )
-{
-  while( inlen > 0 )
-  {
-    uint32_t left = S->buflen;
-    uint32_t fill = 2 * BLAKE2B_BLOCKBYTES - left;
-
-    if( inlen > fill )
-    {
-      memcpy( S->buf + left, in, fill ); // Fill buffer
-      S->buflen += fill;
-      blake2b_increment_counter( S, BLAKE2B_BLOCKBYTES );
-      blake2b_compress( S, S->buf ); // Compress
-      memcpy( S->buf, S->buf + BLAKE2B_BLOCKBYTES, BLAKE2B_BLOCKBYTES ); // Shift buffer left
-      S->buflen -= BLAKE2B_BLOCKBYTES;
-      in += fill;
-      inlen -= fill;
-    }
-    else // inlen <= fill
-    {
-      memcpy( S->buf + left, in, inlen );
-      S->buflen += ( uint32_t ) inlen; // Be lazy, do not compress
-      in += inlen;
-      inlen -= inlen;
-    }
-  }
-
-  return 0;
-}
-
-
-int blake2b_final( blake2b_state *S, uint8_t *out, size_t outlen )
-{
-  if(S->outlen != outlen) return -1;
-
-  if( S->buflen > BLAKE2B_BLOCKBYTES )
-  {
-    blake2b_increment_counter( S, BLAKE2B_BLOCKBYTES );
-    blake2b_compress( S, S->buf );
-    S->buflen -= BLAKE2B_BLOCKBYTES;
-    memmove( S->buf, S->buf + BLAKE2B_BLOCKBYTES, S->buflen );
-  }
-
-  blake2b_increment_counter( S, S->buflen );
-  blake2b_set_lastblock( S );
-  memset( S->buf + S->buflen, 0, 2 * BLAKE2B_BLOCKBYTES - S->buflen ); /* Padding */
-  blake2b_compress( S, S->buf );
-  memcpy( out, &S->h[0], outlen );
-  return 0;
-}
-
-
-int blake2b( uint8_t *out, const void *in, const void *key, size_t outlen, size_t inlen, size_t keylen )
-{
-  blake2b_state S[1];
-
-  /* Verify parameters */
-  if ( NULL == in && inlen > 0 ) return -1;
-
-  if ( NULL == out ) return -1;
-
-  if( NULL == key && keylen > 0 ) return -1;
-
-  if( !outlen || outlen > BLAKE2B_OUTBYTES ) return -1;
-
-  if( keylen > BLAKE2B_KEYBYTES ) return -1;
-
-  if( keylen )
-  {
-    if( blake2b_init_key( S, outlen, key, keylen ) < 0 ) return -1;
-  }
-  else
-  {
-    if( blake2b_init( S, outlen ) < 0 ) return -1;
-  }
-
-  if( blake2b_update( S, ( uint8_t * )in, inlen ) < 0) return -1;
-  return blake2b_final( S, out, outlen );
-}
-
-#if defined(SUPERCOP)
-int crypto_hash( unsigned char *out, unsigned char *in, unsigned long long inlen )
-{
-  return blake2b( out, in, NULL, BLAKE2B_OUTBYTES, inlen, 0 );
-}
-#endif
diff --git a/Modules/_blake2/impl/blake2s-load-sse2.h b/Modules/_blake2/impl/blake2s-load-sse2.h
deleted file mode 100644
index b24483cf931c1f..00000000000000
--- a/Modules/_blake2/impl/blake2s-load-sse2.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,59 +0,0 @@
-/*
-   BLAKE2 reference source code package - optimized C implementations
-
-   Written in 2012 by Samuel Neves <sneves@dei.uc.pt>
-
-   To the extent possible under law, the author(s) have dedicated all copyright
-   and related and neighboring rights to this software to the public domain
-   worldwide. This software is distributed without any warranty.
-
-   You should have received a copy of the CC0 Public Domain Dedication along with
-   this software. If not, see <http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/>.
-*/
-#pragma once
-#ifndef __BLAKE2S_LOAD_SSE2_H__
-#define __BLAKE2S_LOAD_SSE2_H__
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_0_1(buf) buf = _mm_set_epi32(m6,m4,m2,m0)
-#define LOAD_MSG_0_2(buf) buf = _mm_set_epi32(m7,m5,m3,m1)
-#define LOAD_MSG_0_3(buf) buf = _mm_set_epi32(m14,m12,m10,m8)
-#define LOAD_MSG_0_4(buf) buf = _mm_set_epi32(m15,m13,m11,m9)
-#define LOAD_MSG_1_1(buf) buf = _mm_set_epi32(m13,m9,m4,m14)
-#define LOAD_MSG_1_2(buf) buf = _mm_set_epi32(m6,m15,m8,m10)
-#define LOAD_MSG_1_3(buf) buf = _mm_set_epi32(m5,m11,m0,m1)
-#define LOAD_MSG_1_4(buf) buf = _mm_set_epi32(m3,m7,m2,m12)
-#define LOAD_MSG_2_1(buf) buf = _mm_set_epi32(m15,m5,m12,m11)
-#define LOAD_MSG_2_2(buf) buf = _mm_set_epi32(m13,m2,m0,m8)
-#define LOAD_MSG_2_3(buf) buf = _mm_set_epi32(m9,m7,m3,m10)
-#define LOAD_MSG_2_4(buf) buf = _mm_set_epi32(m4,m1,m6,m14)
-#define LOAD_MSG_3_1(buf) buf = _mm_set_epi32(m11,m13,m3,m7)
-#define LOAD_MSG_3_2(buf) buf = _mm_set_epi32(m14,m12,m1,m9)
-#define LOAD_MSG_3_3(buf) buf = _mm_set_epi32(m15,m4,m5,m2)
-#define LOAD_MSG_3_4(buf) buf = _mm_set_epi32(m8,m0,m10,m6)
-#define LOAD_MSG_4_1(buf) buf = _mm_set_epi32(m10,m2,m5,m9)
-#define LOAD_MSG_4_2(buf) buf = _mm_set_epi32(m15,m4,m7,m0)
-#define LOAD_MSG_4_3(buf) buf = _mm_set_epi32(m3,m6,m11,m14)
-#define LOAD_MSG_4_4(buf) buf = _mm_set_epi32(m13,m8,m12,m1)
-#define LOAD_MSG_5_1(buf) buf = _mm_set_epi32(m8,m0,m6,m2)
-#define LOAD_MSG_5_2(buf) buf = _mm_set_epi32(m3,m11,m10,m12)
-#define LOAD_MSG_5_3(buf) buf = _mm_set_epi32(m1,m15,m7,m4)
-#define LOAD_MSG_5_4(buf) buf = _mm_set_epi32(m9,m14,m5,m13)
-#define LOAD_MSG_6_1(buf) buf = _mm_set_epi32(m4,m14,m1,m12)
-#define LOAD_MSG_6_2(buf) buf = _mm_set_epi32(m10,m13,m15,m5)
-#define LOAD_MSG_6_3(buf) buf = _mm_set_epi32(m8,m9,m6,m0)
-#define LOAD_MSG_6_4(buf) buf = _mm_set_epi32(m11,m2,m3,m7)
-#define LOAD_MSG_7_1(buf) buf = _mm_set_epi32(m3,m12,m7,m13)
-#define LOAD_MSG_7_2(buf) buf = _mm_set_epi32(m9,m1,m14,m11)
-#define LOAD_MSG_7_3(buf) buf = _mm_set_epi32(m2,m8,m15,m5)
-#define LOAD_MSG_7_4(buf) buf = _mm_set_epi32(m10,m6,m4,m0)
-#define LOAD_MSG_8_1(buf) buf = _mm_set_epi32(m0,m11,m14,m6)
-#define LOAD_MSG_8_2(buf) buf = _mm_set_epi32(m8,m3,m9,m15)
-#define LOAD_MSG_8_3(buf) buf = _mm_set_epi32(m10,m1,m13,m12)
-#define LOAD_MSG_8_4(buf) buf = _mm_set_epi32(m5,m4,m7,m2)
-#define LOAD_MSG_9_1(buf) buf = _mm_set_epi32(m1,m7,m8,m10)
-#define LOAD_MSG_9_2(buf) buf = _mm_set_epi32(m5,m6,m4,m2)
-#define LOAD_MSG_9_3(buf) buf = _mm_set_epi32(m13,m3,m9,m15)
-#define LOAD_MSG_9_4(buf) buf = _mm_set_epi32(m0,m12,m14,m11)
-
-
-#endif
diff --git a/Modules/_blake2/impl/blake2s-load-sse41.h b/Modules/_blake2/impl/blake2s-load-sse41.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 3ac12eb6f5d082..00000000000000
--- a/Modules/_blake2/impl/blake2s-load-sse41.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,229 +0,0 @@
-/*
-   BLAKE2 reference source code package - optimized C implementations
-
-   Written in 2012 by Samuel Neves <sneves@dei.uc.pt>
-
-   To the extent possible under law, the author(s) have dedicated all copyright
-   and related and neighboring rights to this software to the public domain
-   worldwide. This software is distributed without any warranty.
-
-   You should have received a copy of the CC0 Public Domain Dedication along with
-   this software. If not, see <http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/>.
-*/
-#pragma once
-#ifndef __BLAKE2S_LOAD_SSE41_H__
-#define __BLAKE2S_LOAD_SSE41_H__
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_0_1(buf) \
-buf = TOI(_mm_shuffle_ps(TOF(m0), TOF(m1), _MM_SHUFFLE(2,0,2,0)));
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_0_2(buf) \
-buf = TOI(_mm_shuffle_ps(TOF(m0), TOF(m1), _MM_SHUFFLE(3,1,3,1)));
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_0_3(buf) \
-buf = TOI(_mm_shuffle_ps(TOF(m2), TOF(m3), _MM_SHUFFLE(2,0,2,0)));
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_0_4(buf) \
-buf = TOI(_mm_shuffle_ps(TOF(m2), TOF(m3), _MM_SHUFFLE(3,1,3,1)));
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_1_1(buf) \
-t0 = _mm_blend_epi16(m1, m2, 0x0C); \
-t1 = _mm_slli_si128(m3, 4); \
-t2 = _mm_blend_epi16(t0, t1, 0xF0); \
-buf = _mm_shuffle_epi32(t2, _MM_SHUFFLE(2,1,0,3));
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_1_2(buf) \
-t0 = _mm_shuffle_epi32(m2,_MM_SHUFFLE(0,0,2,0)); \
-t1 = _mm_blend_epi16(m1,m3,0xC0); \
-t2 = _mm_blend_epi16(t0, t1, 0xF0); \
-buf = _mm_shuffle_epi32(t2, _MM_SHUFFLE(2,3,0,1));
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_1_3(buf) \
-t0 = _mm_slli_si128(m1, 4); \
-t1 = _mm_blend_epi16(m2, t0, 0x30); \
-t2 = _mm_blend_epi16(m0, t1, 0xF0); \
-buf = _mm_shuffle_epi32(t2, _MM_SHUFFLE(2,3,0,1));
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_1_4(buf) \
-t0 = _mm_unpackhi_epi32(m0,m1); \
-t1 = _mm_slli_si128(m3, 4); \
-t2 = _mm_blend_epi16(t0, t1, 0x0C); \
-buf = _mm_shuffle_epi32(t2, _MM_SHUFFLE(2,3,0,1));
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_2_1(buf) \
-t0 = _mm_unpackhi_epi32(m2,m3); \
-t1 = _mm_blend_epi16(m3,m1,0x0C); \
-t2 = _mm_blend_epi16(t0, t1, 0x0F); \
-buf = _mm_shuffle_epi32(t2, _MM_SHUFFLE(3,1,0,2));
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_2_2(buf) \
-t0 = _mm_unpacklo_epi32(m2,m0); \
-t1 = _mm_blend_epi16(t0, m0, 0xF0); \
-t2 = _mm_slli_si128(m3, 8); \
-buf = _mm_blend_epi16(t1, t2, 0xC0);
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_2_3(buf) \
-t0 = _mm_blend_epi16(m0, m2, 0x3C); \
-t1 = _mm_srli_si128(m1, 12); \
-t2 = _mm_blend_epi16(t0,t1,0x03); \
-buf = _mm_shuffle_epi32(t2, _MM_SHUFFLE(1,0,3,2));
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_2_4(buf) \
-t0 = _mm_slli_si128(m3, 4); \
-t1 = _mm_blend_epi16(m0, m1, 0x33); \
-t2 = _mm_blend_epi16(t1, t0, 0xC0); \
-buf = _mm_shuffle_epi32(t2, _MM_SHUFFLE(0,1,2,3));
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_3_1(buf) \
-t0 = _mm_unpackhi_epi32(m0,m1); \
-t1 = _mm_unpackhi_epi32(t0, m2); \
-t2 = _mm_blend_epi16(t1, m3, 0x0C); \
-buf = _mm_shuffle_epi32(t2, _MM_SHUFFLE(3,1,0,2));
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_3_2(buf) \
-t0 = _mm_slli_si128(m2, 8); \
-t1 = _mm_blend_epi16(m3,m0,0x0C); \
-t2 = _mm_blend_epi16(t1, t0, 0xC0); \
-buf = _mm_shuffle_epi32(t2, _MM_SHUFFLE(2,0,1,3));
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_3_3(buf) \
-t0 = _mm_blend_epi16(m0,m1,0x0F); \
-t1 = _mm_blend_epi16(t0, m3, 0xC0); \
-buf = _mm_shuffle_epi32(t1, _MM_SHUFFLE(3,0,1,2));
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_3_4(buf) \
-t0 = _mm_unpacklo_epi32(m0,m2); \
-t1 = _mm_unpackhi_epi32(m1,m2); \
-buf = _mm_unpacklo_epi64(t1,t0);
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_4_1(buf) \
-t0 = _mm_unpacklo_epi64(m1,m2); \
-t1 = _mm_unpackhi_epi64(m0,m2); \
-t2 = _mm_blend_epi16(t0,t1,0x33); \
-buf = _mm_shuffle_epi32(t2, _MM_SHUFFLE(2,0,1,3));
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_4_2(buf) \
-t0 = _mm_unpackhi_epi64(m1,m3); \
-t1 = _mm_unpacklo_epi64(m0,m1); \
-buf = _mm_blend_epi16(t0,t1,0x33);
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_4_3(buf) \
-t0 = _mm_unpackhi_epi64(m3,m1); \
-t1 = _mm_unpackhi_epi64(m2,m0); \
-buf = _mm_blend_epi16(t1,t0,0x33);
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_4_4(buf) \
-t0 = _mm_blend_epi16(m0,m2,0x03); \
-t1 = _mm_slli_si128(t0, 8); \
-t2 = _mm_blend_epi16(t1,m3,0x0F); \
-buf = _mm_shuffle_epi32(t2, _MM_SHUFFLE(1,2,0,3));
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_5_1(buf) \
-t0 = _mm_unpackhi_epi32(m0,m1); \
-t1 = _mm_unpacklo_epi32(m0,m2); \
-buf = _mm_unpacklo_epi64(t0,t1);
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_5_2(buf) \
-t0 = _mm_srli_si128(m2, 4); \
-t1 = _mm_blend_epi16(m0,m3,0x03); \
-buf = _mm_blend_epi16(t1,t0,0x3C);
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_5_3(buf) \
-t0 = _mm_blend_epi16(m1,m0,0x0C); \
-t1 = _mm_srli_si128(m3, 4); \
-t2 = _mm_blend_epi16(t0,t1,0x30); \
-buf = _mm_shuffle_epi32(t2, _MM_SHUFFLE(1,2,3,0));
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_5_4(buf) \
-t0 = _mm_unpacklo_epi64(m1,m2); \
-t1= _mm_shuffle_epi32(m3, _MM_SHUFFLE(0,2,0,1)); \
-buf = _mm_blend_epi16(t0,t1,0x33);
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_6_1(buf) \
-t0 = _mm_slli_si128(m1, 12); \
-t1 = _mm_blend_epi16(m0,m3,0x33); \
-buf = _mm_blend_epi16(t1,t0,0xC0);
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_6_2(buf) \
-t0 = _mm_blend_epi16(m3,m2,0x30); \
-t1 = _mm_srli_si128(m1, 4); \
-t2 = _mm_blend_epi16(t0,t1,0x03); \
-buf = _mm_shuffle_epi32(t2, _MM_SHUFFLE(2,1,3,0));
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_6_3(buf) \
-t0 = _mm_unpacklo_epi64(m0,m2); \
-t1 = _mm_srli_si128(m1, 4); \
-buf = _mm_shuffle_epi32(_mm_blend_epi16(t0,t1,0x0C), _MM_SHUFFLE(2,3,1,0));
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_6_4(buf) \
-t0 = _mm_unpackhi_epi32(m1,m2); \
-t1 = _mm_unpackhi_epi64(m0,t0); \
-buf = _mm_shuffle_epi32(t1, _MM_SHUFFLE(3,0,1,2));
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_7_1(buf) \
-t0 = _mm_unpackhi_epi32(m0,m1); \
-t1 = _mm_blend_epi16(t0,m3,0x0F); \
-buf = _mm_shuffle_epi32(t1,_MM_SHUFFLE(2,0,3,1));
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_7_2(buf) \
-t0 = _mm_blend_epi16(m2,m3,0x30); \
-t1 = _mm_srli_si128(m0,4); \
-t2 = _mm_blend_epi16(t0,t1,0x03); \
-buf = _mm_shuffle_epi32(t2, _MM_SHUFFLE(1,0,2,3));
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_7_3(buf) \
-t0 = _mm_unpackhi_epi64(m0,m3); \
-t1 = _mm_unpacklo_epi64(m1,m2); \
-t2 = _mm_blend_epi16(t0,t1,0x3C); \
-buf = _mm_shuffle_epi32(t2,_MM_SHUFFLE(0,2,3,1));
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_7_4(buf) \
-t0 = _mm_unpacklo_epi32(m0,m1); \
-t1 = _mm_unpackhi_epi32(m1,m2); \
-buf = _mm_unpacklo_epi64(t0,t1);
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_8_1(buf) \
-t0 = _mm_unpackhi_epi32(m1,m3); \
-t1 = _mm_unpacklo_epi64(t0,m0); \
-t2 = _mm_blend_epi16(t1,m2,0xC0); \
-buf = _mm_shufflehi_epi16(t2,_MM_SHUFFLE(1,0,3,2));
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_8_2(buf) \
-t0 = _mm_unpackhi_epi32(m0,m3); \
-t1 = _mm_blend_epi16(m2,t0,0xF0); \
-buf = _mm_shuffle_epi32(t1,_MM_SHUFFLE(0,2,1,3));
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_8_3(buf) \
-t0 = _mm_blend_epi16(m2,m0,0x0C); \
-t1 = _mm_slli_si128(t0,4); \
-buf = _mm_blend_epi16(t1,m3,0x0F);
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_8_4(buf) \
-t0 = _mm_blend_epi16(m1,m0,0x30); \
-buf = _mm_shuffle_epi32(t0,_MM_SHUFFLE(1,0,3,2));
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_9_1(buf) \
-t0 = _mm_blend_epi16(m0,m2,0x03); \
-t1 = _mm_blend_epi16(m1,m2,0x30); \
-t2 = _mm_blend_epi16(t1,t0,0x0F); \
-buf = _mm_shuffle_epi32(t2,_MM_SHUFFLE(1,3,0,2));
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_9_2(buf) \
-t0 = _mm_slli_si128(m0,4); \
-t1 = _mm_blend_epi16(m1,t0,0xC0); \
-buf = _mm_shuffle_epi32(t1,_MM_SHUFFLE(1,2,0,3));
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_9_3(buf) \
-t0 = _mm_unpackhi_epi32(m0,m3); \
-t1 = _mm_unpacklo_epi32(m2,m3); \
-t2 = _mm_unpackhi_epi64(t0,t1); \
-buf = _mm_shuffle_epi32(t2,_MM_SHUFFLE(3,0,2,1));
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_9_4(buf) \
-t0 = _mm_blend_epi16(m3,m2,0xC0); \
-t1 = _mm_unpacklo_epi32(m0,m3); \
-t2 = _mm_blend_epi16(t0,t1,0x0F); \
-buf = _mm_shuffle_epi32(t2,_MM_SHUFFLE(0,1,2,3));
-
-#endif
-
diff --git a/Modules/_blake2/impl/blake2s-load-xop.h b/Modules/_blake2/impl/blake2s-load-xop.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 14d9e7f7640672..00000000000000
--- a/Modules/_blake2/impl/blake2s-load-xop.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,189 +0,0 @@
-/*
-   BLAKE2 reference source code package - optimized C implementations
-
-   Written in 2012 by Samuel Neves <sneves@dei.uc.pt>
-
-   To the extent possible under law, the author(s) have dedicated all copyright
-   and related and neighboring rights to this software to the public domain
-   worldwide. This software is distributed without any warranty.
-
-   You should have received a copy of the CC0 Public Domain Dedication along with
-   this software. If not, see <http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/>.
-*/
-#pragma once
-#ifndef __BLAKE2S_LOAD_XOP_H__
-#define __BLAKE2S_LOAD_XOP_H__
-
-#define TOB(x) ((x)*4*0x01010101 + 0x03020100) // ..or not TOB
-
-/* Basic VPPERM emulation, for testing purposes */
-/*static __m128i _mm_perm_epi8(const __m128i src1, const __m128i src2, const __m128i sel)
-{
-   const __m128i sixteen = _mm_set1_epi8(16);
-   const __m128i t0 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(src1, sel);
-   const __m128i s1 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(src2, _mm_sub_epi8(sel, sixteen));
-   const __m128i mask = _mm_or_si128(_mm_cmpeq_epi8(sel, sixteen),
-                                     _mm_cmpgt_epi8(sel, sixteen)); // (>=16) = 0xff : 00
-   return _mm_blendv_epi8(t0, s1, mask);
-}*/
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_0_1(buf) \
-buf = _mm_perm_epi8(m0, m1, _mm_set_epi32(TOB(6),TOB(4),TOB(2),TOB(0)) );
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_0_2(buf) \
-buf = _mm_perm_epi8(m0, m1, _mm_set_epi32(TOB(7),TOB(5),TOB(3),TOB(1)) );
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_0_3(buf) \
-buf = _mm_perm_epi8(m2, m3, _mm_set_epi32(TOB(6),TOB(4),TOB(2),TOB(0)) );
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_0_4(buf) \
-buf = _mm_perm_epi8(m2, m3, _mm_set_epi32(TOB(7),TOB(5),TOB(3),TOB(1)) );
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_1_1(buf) \
-t0 = _mm_perm_epi8(m1, m2, _mm_set_epi32(TOB(0),TOB(5),TOB(0),TOB(0)) ); \
-buf = _mm_perm_epi8(t0, m3, _mm_set_epi32(TOB(5),TOB(2),TOB(1),TOB(6)) );
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_1_2(buf) \
-t1 = _mm_perm_epi8(m1, m2, _mm_set_epi32(TOB(2),TOB(0),TOB(4),TOB(6)) ); \
-buf = _mm_perm_epi8(t1, m3, _mm_set_epi32(TOB(3),TOB(7),TOB(1),TOB(0)) );
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_1_3(buf) \
-t0 = _mm_perm_epi8(m0, m1, _mm_set_epi32(TOB(5),TOB(0),TOB(0),TOB(1)) ); \
-buf = _mm_perm_epi8(t0, m2, _mm_set_epi32(TOB(3),TOB(7),TOB(1),TOB(0)) );
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_1_4(buf) \
-t1 = _mm_perm_epi8(m0, m1, _mm_set_epi32(TOB(3),TOB(7),TOB(2),TOB(0)) ); \
-buf = _mm_perm_epi8(t1, m3, _mm_set_epi32(TOB(3),TOB(2),TOB(1),TOB(4)) );
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_2_1(buf) \
-t0 = _mm_perm_epi8(m1, m2, _mm_set_epi32(TOB(0),TOB(1),TOB(0),TOB(7)) ); \
-buf = _mm_perm_epi8(t0, m3, _mm_set_epi32(TOB(7),TOB(2),TOB(4),TOB(0)) );
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_2_2(buf) \
-t1 = _mm_perm_epi8(m0, m2, _mm_set_epi32(TOB(0),TOB(2),TOB(0),TOB(4)) ); \
-buf = _mm_perm_epi8(t1, m3, _mm_set_epi32(TOB(5),TOB(2),TOB(1),TOB(0)) );
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_2_3(buf) \
-t0 = _mm_perm_epi8(m0, m1, _mm_set_epi32(TOB(0),TOB(7),TOB(3),TOB(0)) ); \
-buf = _mm_perm_epi8(t0, m2, _mm_set_epi32(TOB(5),TOB(2),TOB(1),TOB(6)) );
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_2_4(buf) \
-t1 = _mm_perm_epi8(m0, m1, _mm_set_epi32(TOB(4),TOB(1),TOB(6),TOB(0)) ); \
-buf = _mm_perm_epi8(t1, m3, _mm_set_epi32(TOB(3),TOB(2),TOB(1),TOB(6)) );
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_3_1(buf) \
-t0 = _mm_perm_epi8(m0, m1, _mm_set_epi32(TOB(0),TOB(0),TOB(3),TOB(7)) ); \
-t0 = _mm_perm_epi8(t0, m2, _mm_set_epi32(TOB(7),TOB(2),TOB(1),TOB(0)) ); \
-buf = _mm_perm_epi8(t0, m3, _mm_set_epi32(TOB(3),TOB(5),TOB(1),TOB(0)) );
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_3_2(buf) \
-t1 = _mm_perm_epi8(m0, m2, _mm_set_epi32(TOB(0),TOB(0),TOB(1),TOB(5)) ); \
-buf = _mm_perm_epi8(t1, m3, _mm_set_epi32(TOB(6),TOB(4),TOB(1),TOB(0)) );
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_3_3(buf) \
-t0 = _mm_perm_epi8(m0, m1, _mm_set_epi32(TOB(0),TOB(4),TOB(5),TOB(2)) ); \
-buf = _mm_perm_epi8(t0, m3, _mm_set_epi32(TOB(7),TOB(2),TOB(1),TOB(0)) );
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_3_4(buf) \
-t1 = _mm_perm_epi8(m0, m1, _mm_set_epi32(TOB(0),TOB(0),TOB(0),TOB(6)) ); \
-buf = _mm_perm_epi8(t1, m2, _mm_set_epi32(TOB(4),TOB(2),TOB(6),TOB(0)) );
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_4_1(buf) \
-t0 = _mm_perm_epi8(m0, m1, _mm_set_epi32(TOB(0),TOB(2),TOB(5),TOB(0)) ); \
-buf = _mm_perm_epi8(t0, m2, _mm_set_epi32(TOB(6),TOB(2),TOB(1),TOB(5)) );
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_4_2(buf) \
-t1 = _mm_perm_epi8(m0, m1, _mm_set_epi32(TOB(0),TOB(4),TOB(7),TOB(0)) ); \
-buf = _mm_perm_epi8(t1, m3, _mm_set_epi32(TOB(7),TOB(2),TOB(1),TOB(0)) );
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_4_3(buf) \
-t0 = _mm_perm_epi8(m0, m1, _mm_set_epi32(TOB(3),TOB(6),TOB(0),TOB(0)) ); \
-t0 = _mm_perm_epi8(t0, m2, _mm_set_epi32(TOB(3),TOB(2),TOB(7),TOB(0)) ); \
-buf = _mm_perm_epi8(t0, m3, _mm_set_epi32(TOB(3),TOB(2),TOB(1),TOB(6)) );
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_4_4(buf) \
-t1 = _mm_perm_epi8(m0, m2, _mm_set_epi32(TOB(0),TOB(4),TOB(0),TOB(1)) ); \
-buf = _mm_perm_epi8(t1, m3, _mm_set_epi32(TOB(5),TOB(2),TOB(4),TOB(0)) );
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_5_1(buf) \
-t0 = _mm_perm_epi8(m0, m1, _mm_set_epi32(TOB(0),TOB(0),TOB(6),TOB(2)) ); \
-buf = _mm_perm_epi8(t0, m2, _mm_set_epi32(TOB(4),TOB(2),TOB(1),TOB(0)) );
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_5_2(buf) \
-t1 = _mm_perm_epi8(m0, m2, _mm_set_epi32(TOB(3),TOB(7),TOB(6),TOB(0)) ); \
-buf = _mm_perm_epi8(t1, m3, _mm_set_epi32(TOB(3),TOB(2),TOB(1),TOB(4)) );
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_5_3(buf) \
-t0 = _mm_perm_epi8(m0, m1, _mm_set_epi32(TOB(1),TOB(0),TOB(7),TOB(4)) ); \
-buf = _mm_perm_epi8(t0, m3, _mm_set_epi32(TOB(3),TOB(7),TOB(1),TOB(0)) );
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_5_4(buf) \
-t1 = _mm_perm_epi8(m1, m2, _mm_set_epi32(TOB(5),TOB(0),TOB(1),TOB(0)) ); \
-buf = _mm_perm_epi8(t1, m3, _mm_set_epi32(TOB(3),TOB(6),TOB(1),TOB(5)) );
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_6_1(buf) \
-t0 = _mm_perm_epi8(m0, m1, _mm_set_epi32(TOB(4),TOB(0),TOB(1),TOB(0)) ); \
-buf = _mm_perm_epi8(t0, m3, _mm_set_epi32(TOB(3),TOB(6),TOB(1),TOB(4)) );
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_6_2(buf) \
-t1 = _mm_perm_epi8(m1, m2, _mm_set_epi32(TOB(6),TOB(0),TOB(0),TOB(1)) ); \
-buf = _mm_perm_epi8(t1, m3, _mm_set_epi32(TOB(3),TOB(5),TOB(7),TOB(0)) );
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_6_3(buf) \
-t0 = _mm_perm_epi8(m0, m1, _mm_set_epi32(TOB(0),TOB(0),TOB(6),TOB(0)) ); \
-buf = _mm_perm_epi8(t0, m2, _mm_set_epi32(TOB(4),TOB(5),TOB(1),TOB(0)) );
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_6_4(buf) \
-t1 = _mm_perm_epi8(m0, m1, _mm_set_epi32(TOB(0),TOB(2),TOB(3),TOB(7)) ); \
-buf = _mm_perm_epi8(t1, m2, _mm_set_epi32(TOB(7),TOB(2),TOB(1),TOB(0)) );
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_7_1(buf) \
-t0 = _mm_perm_epi8(m0, m1, _mm_set_epi32(TOB(3),TOB(0),TOB(7),TOB(0)) ); \
-buf = _mm_perm_epi8(t0, m3, _mm_set_epi32(TOB(3),TOB(4),TOB(1),TOB(5)) );
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_7_2(buf) \
-t1 = _mm_perm_epi8(m0, m2, _mm_set_epi32(TOB(5),TOB(1),TOB(0),TOB(7)) ); \
-buf = _mm_perm_epi8(t1, m3, _mm_set_epi32(TOB(3),TOB(2),TOB(6),TOB(0)) );
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_7_3(buf) \
-t0 = _mm_perm_epi8(m0, m1, _mm_set_epi32(TOB(2),TOB(0),TOB(0),TOB(5)) ); \
-t0 = _mm_perm_epi8(t0, m2, _mm_set_epi32(TOB(3),TOB(4),TOB(1),TOB(0)) ); \
-buf = _mm_perm_epi8(t0, m3, _mm_set_epi32(TOB(3),TOB(2),TOB(7),TOB(0)) );
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_7_4(buf) \
-t1 = _mm_perm_epi8(m0, m1, _mm_set_epi32(TOB(0),TOB(6),TOB(4),TOB(0)) ); \
-buf = _mm_perm_epi8(t1, m2, _mm_set_epi32(TOB(6),TOB(2),TOB(1),TOB(0)) );
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_8_1(buf) \
-t0 = _mm_perm_epi8(m0, m1, _mm_set_epi32(TOB(0),TOB(0),TOB(0),TOB(6)) ); \
-t0 = _mm_perm_epi8(t0, m2, _mm_set_epi32(TOB(3),TOB(7),TOB(1),TOB(0)) ); \
-buf = _mm_perm_epi8(t0, m3, _mm_set_epi32(TOB(3),TOB(2),TOB(6),TOB(0)) );
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_8_2(buf) \
-t1 = _mm_perm_epi8(m0, m2, _mm_set_epi32(TOB(4),TOB(3),TOB(5),TOB(0)) ); \
-buf = _mm_perm_epi8(t1, m3, _mm_set_epi32(TOB(3),TOB(2),TOB(1),TOB(7)) );
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_8_3(buf) \
-t0 = _mm_perm_epi8(m0, m2, _mm_set_epi32(TOB(6),TOB(1),TOB(0),TOB(0)) ); \
-buf = _mm_perm_epi8(t0, m3, _mm_set_epi32(TOB(3),TOB(2),TOB(5),TOB(4)) ); \
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_8_4(buf) \
-buf = _mm_perm_epi8(m0, m1, _mm_set_epi32(TOB(5),TOB(4),TOB(7),TOB(2)) );
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_9_1(buf) \
-t0 = _mm_perm_epi8(m0, m1, _mm_set_epi32(TOB(1),TOB(7),TOB(0),TOB(0)) ); \
-buf = _mm_perm_epi8(t0, m2, _mm_set_epi32(TOB(3),TOB(2),TOB(4),TOB(6)) );
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_9_2(buf) \
-buf = _mm_perm_epi8(m0, m1, _mm_set_epi32(TOB(5),TOB(6),TOB(4),TOB(2)) );
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_9_3(buf) \
-t0 = _mm_perm_epi8(m0, m2, _mm_set_epi32(TOB(0),TOB(3),TOB(5),TOB(0)) ); \
-buf = _mm_perm_epi8(t0, m3, _mm_set_epi32(TOB(5),TOB(2),TOB(1),TOB(7)) );
-
-#define LOAD_MSG_9_4(buf) \
-t1 = _mm_perm_epi8(m0, m2, _mm_set_epi32(TOB(0),TOB(0),TOB(0),TOB(7)) ); \
-buf = _mm_perm_epi8(t1, m3, _mm_set_epi32(TOB(3),TOB(4),TOB(6),TOB(0)) );
-
-#endif
-
diff --git a/Modules/_blake2/impl/blake2s-ref.c b/Modules/_blake2/impl/blake2s-ref.c
deleted file mode 100644
index ab86cc1b34e67d..00000000000000
--- a/Modules/_blake2/impl/blake2s-ref.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,368 +0,0 @@
-/*
-   BLAKE2 reference source code package - reference C implementations
-
-   Written in 2012 by Samuel Neves <sneves@dei.uc.pt>
-
-   To the extent possible under law, the author(s) have dedicated all copyright
-   and related and neighboring rights to this software to the public domain
-   worldwide. This software is distributed without any warranty.
-
-   You should have received a copy of the CC0 Public Domain Dedication along with
-   this software. If not, see <http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/>.
-*/
-
-#include <stdint.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-
-#include "blake2.h"
-#include "blake2-impl.h"
-
-static const uint32_t blake2s_IV[8] =
-{
-  0x6A09E667UL, 0xBB67AE85UL, 0x3C6EF372UL, 0xA54FF53AUL,
-  0x510E527FUL, 0x9B05688CUL, 0x1F83D9ABUL, 0x5BE0CD19UL
-};
-
-static const uint8_t blake2s_sigma[10][16] =
-{
-  {  0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 } ,
-  { 14, 10,  4,  8,  9, 15, 13,  6,  1, 12,  0,  2, 11,  7,  5,  3 } ,
-  { 11,  8, 12,  0,  5,  2, 15, 13, 10, 14,  3,  6,  7,  1,  9,  4 } ,
-  {  7,  9,  3,  1, 13, 12, 11, 14,  2,  6,  5, 10,  4,  0, 15,  8 } ,
-  {  9,  0,  5,  7,  2,  4, 10, 15, 14,  1, 11, 12,  6,  8,  3, 13 } ,
-  {  2, 12,  6, 10,  0, 11,  8,  3,  4, 13,  7,  5, 15, 14,  1,  9 } ,
-  { 12,  5,  1, 15, 14, 13,  4, 10,  0,  7,  6,  3,  9,  2,  8, 11 } ,
-  { 13, 11,  7, 14, 12,  1,  3,  9,  5,  0, 15,  4,  8,  6,  2, 10 } ,
-  {  6, 15, 14,  9, 11,  3,  0,  8, 12,  2, 13,  7,  1,  4, 10,  5 } ,
-  { 10,  2,  8,  4,  7,  6,  1,  5, 15, 11,  9, 14,  3, 12, 13 , 0 } ,
-};
-
-static inline int blake2s_set_lastnode( blake2s_state *S )
-{
-  S->f[1] = ~0U;
-  return 0;
-}
-
-static inline int blake2s_clear_lastnode( blake2s_state *S )
-{
-  S->f[1] = 0U;
-  return 0;
-}
-
-/* Some helper functions, not necessarily useful */
-static inline int blake2s_set_lastblock( blake2s_state *S )
-{
-  if( S->last_node ) blake2s_set_lastnode( S );
-
-  S->f[0] = ~0U;
-  return 0;
-}
-
-static inline int blake2s_clear_lastblock( blake2s_state *S )
-{
-  if( S->last_node ) blake2s_clear_lastnode( S );
-
-  S->f[0] = 0U;
-  return 0;
-}
-
-static inline int blake2s_increment_counter( blake2s_state *S, const uint32_t inc )
-{
-  S->t[0] += inc;
-  S->t[1] += ( S->t[0] < inc );
-  return 0;
-}
-
-// Parameter-related functions
-static inline int blake2s_param_set_digest_length( blake2s_param *P, const uint8_t digest_length )
-{
-  P->digest_length = digest_length;
-  return 0;
-}
-
-static inline int blake2s_param_set_fanout( blake2s_param *P, const uint8_t fanout )
-{
-  P->fanout = fanout;
-  return 0;
-}
-
-static inline int blake2s_param_set_max_depth( blake2s_param *P, const uint8_t depth )
-{
-  P->depth = depth;
-  return 0;
-}
-
-static inline int blake2s_param_set_leaf_length( blake2s_param *P, const uint32_t leaf_length )
-{
-  store32( &P->leaf_length, leaf_length );
-  return 0;
-}
-
-static inline int blake2s_param_set_node_offset( blake2s_param *P, const uint64_t node_offset )
-{
-  store48( P->node_offset, node_offset );
-  return 0;
-}
-
-static inline int blake2s_param_set_node_depth( blake2s_param *P, const uint8_t node_depth )
-{
-  P->node_depth = node_depth;
-  return 0;
-}
-
-static inline int blake2s_param_set_inner_length( blake2s_param *P, const uint8_t inner_length )
-{
-  P->inner_length = inner_length;
-  return 0;
-}
-
-static inline int blake2s_param_set_salt( blake2s_param *P, const uint8_t salt[BLAKE2S_SALTBYTES] )
-{
-  memcpy( P->salt, salt, BLAKE2S_SALTBYTES );
-  return 0;
-}
-
-static inline int blake2s_param_set_personal( blake2s_param *P, const uint8_t personal[BLAKE2S_PERSONALBYTES] )
-{
-  memcpy( P->personal, personal, BLAKE2S_PERSONALBYTES );
-  return 0;
-}
-
-static inline int blake2s_init0( blake2s_state *S )
-{
-  memset( S, 0, sizeof( blake2s_state ) );
-
-  for( int i = 0; i < 8; ++i ) S->h[i] = blake2s_IV[i];
-
-  return 0;
-}
-
-#if defined(__cplusplus)
-extern "C" {
-#endif
-  int blake2s_init( blake2s_state *S, size_t outlen );
-  int blake2s_init_param( blake2s_state *S, const blake2s_param *P );
-  int blake2s_init_key( blake2s_state *S, size_t outlen, const void *key, size_t keylen );
-  int blake2s_update( blake2s_state *S, const uint8_t *in, size_t inlen );
-  int blake2s_final( blake2s_state *S, uint8_t *out, size_t outlen );
-  int blake2s( uint8_t *out, const void *in, const void *key, size_t outlen, size_t inlen, size_t keylen );
-#if defined(__cplusplus)
-}
-#endif
-
-/* init2 xors IV with input parameter block */
-int blake2s_init_param( blake2s_state *S, const blake2s_param *P )
-{
-  blake2s_init0( S );
-  uint32_t *p = ( uint32_t * )( P );
-
-  /* IV XOR ParamBlock */
-  for( size_t i = 0; i < 8; ++i )
-    S->h[i] ^= load32( &p[i] );
-
-  S->outlen = P->digest_length;
-  return 0;
-}
-
-
-// Sequential blake2s initialization
-int blake2s_init( blake2s_state *S, size_t outlen )
-{
-  blake2s_param P[1];
-
-  /* Move interval verification here? */
-  if ( ( !outlen ) || ( outlen > BLAKE2S_OUTBYTES ) ) return -1;
-
-  P->digest_length = ( uint8_t) outlen;
-  P->key_length    = 0;
-  P->fanout        = 1;
-  P->depth         = 1;
-  store32( &P->leaf_length, 0 );
-  store48( &P->node_offset, 0 );
-  P->node_depth    = 0;
-  P->inner_length  = 0;
-  // memset(P->reserved, 0, sizeof(P->reserved) );
-  memset( P->salt,     0, sizeof( P->salt ) );
-  memset( P->personal, 0, sizeof( P->personal ) );
-  return blake2s_init_param( S, P );
-}
-
-int blake2s_init_key( blake2s_state *S, size_t outlen, const void *key, size_t keylen )
-{
-  blake2s_param P[1];
-
-  if ( ( !outlen ) || ( outlen > BLAKE2S_OUTBYTES ) ) return -1;
-
-  if ( !key || !keylen || keylen > BLAKE2S_KEYBYTES ) return -1;
-
-  P->digest_length = ( uint8_t ) outlen;
-  P->key_length    = ( uint8_t ) keylen;
-  P->fanout        = 1;
-  P->depth         = 1;
-  store32( &P->leaf_length, 0 );
-  store48( &P->node_offset, 0 );
-  P->node_depth    = 0;
-  P->inner_length  = 0;
-  // memset(P->reserved, 0, sizeof(P->reserved) );
-  memset( P->salt,     0, sizeof( P->salt ) );
-  memset( P->personal, 0, sizeof( P->personal ) );
-
-  if( blake2s_init_param( S, P ) < 0 ) return -1;
-
-  {
-    uint8_t block[BLAKE2S_BLOCKBYTES];
-    memset( block, 0, BLAKE2S_BLOCKBYTES );
-    memcpy( block, key, keylen );
-    blake2s_update( S, block, BLAKE2S_BLOCKBYTES );
-    secure_zero_memory( block, BLAKE2S_BLOCKBYTES ); /* Burn the key from stack */
-  }
-  return 0;
-}
-
-static int blake2s_compress( blake2s_state *S, const uint8_t block[BLAKE2S_BLOCKBYTES] )
-{
-  uint32_t m[16];
-  uint32_t v[16];
-
-  for( size_t i = 0; i < 16; ++i )
-    m[i] = load32( block + i * sizeof( m[i] ) );
-
-  for( size_t i = 0; i < 8; ++i )
-    v[i] = S->h[i];
-
-  v[ 8] = blake2s_IV[0];
-  v[ 9] = blake2s_IV[1];
-  v[10] = blake2s_IV[2];
-  v[11] = blake2s_IV[3];
-  v[12] = S->t[0] ^ blake2s_IV[4];
-  v[13] = S->t[1] ^ blake2s_IV[5];
-  v[14] = S->f[0] ^ blake2s_IV[6];
-  v[15] = S->f[1] ^ blake2s_IV[7];
-#define G(r,i,a,b,c,d) \
-  do { \
-    a = a + b + m[blake2s_sigma[r][2*i+0]]; \
-    d = rotr32(d ^ a, 16); \
-    c = c + d; \
-    b = rotr32(b ^ c, 12); \
-    a = a + b + m[blake2s_sigma[r][2*i+1]]; \
-    d = rotr32(d ^ a, 8); \
-    c = c + d; \
-    b = rotr32(b ^ c, 7); \
-  } while(0)
-#define ROUND(r)  \
-  do { \
-    G(r,0,v[ 0],v[ 4],v[ 8],v[12]); \
-    G(r,1,v[ 1],v[ 5],v[ 9],v[13]); \
-    G(r,2,v[ 2],v[ 6],v[10],v[14]); \
-    G(r,3,v[ 3],v[ 7],v[11],v[15]); \
-    G(r,4,v[ 0],v[ 5],v[10],v[15]); \
-    G(r,5,v[ 1],v[ 6],v[11],v[12]); \
-    G(r,6,v[ 2],v[ 7],v[ 8],v[13]); \
-    G(r,7,v[ 3],v[ 4],v[ 9],v[14]); \
-  } while(0)
-  ROUND( 0 );
-  ROUND( 1 );
-  ROUND( 2 );
-  ROUND( 3 );
-  ROUND( 4 );
-  ROUND( 5 );
-  ROUND( 6 );
-  ROUND( 7 );
-  ROUND( 8 );
-  ROUND( 9 );
-
-  for( size_t i = 0; i < 8; ++i )
-    S->h[i] = S->h[i] ^ v[i] ^ v[i + 8];
-
-#undef G
-#undef ROUND
-  return 0;
-}
-
-
-int blake2s_update( blake2s_state *S, const uint8_t *in, size_t inlen )
-{
-  while( inlen > 0 )
-  {
-    uint32_t left = S->buflen;
-    uint32_t fill = 2 * BLAKE2S_BLOCKBYTES - left;
-
-    if( inlen > fill )
-    {
-      memcpy( S->buf + left, in, fill ); // Fill buffer
-      S->buflen += fill;
-      blake2s_increment_counter( S, BLAKE2S_BLOCKBYTES );
-      blake2s_compress( S, S->buf ); // Compress
-      memcpy( S->buf, S->buf + BLAKE2S_BLOCKBYTES, BLAKE2S_BLOCKBYTES ); // Shift buffer left
-      S->buflen -= BLAKE2S_BLOCKBYTES;
-      in += fill;
-      inlen -= fill;
-    }
-    else // inlen <= fill
-    {
-      memcpy( S->buf + left, in, inlen );
-      S->buflen += ( uint32_t ) inlen; // Be lazy, do not compress
-      in += inlen;
-      inlen -= inlen;
-    }
-  }
-
-  return 0;
-}
-
-int blake2s_final( blake2s_state *S, uint8_t *out, size_t outlen )
-{
-  uint8_t buffer[BLAKE2S_OUTBYTES];
-  size_t i;
-
-  if(S->outlen != outlen) return -1;
-
-  if( S->buflen > BLAKE2S_BLOCKBYTES )
-  {
-    blake2s_increment_counter( S, BLAKE2S_BLOCKBYTES );
-    blake2s_compress( S, S->buf );
-    S->buflen -= BLAKE2S_BLOCKBYTES;
-    memmove( S->buf, S->buf + BLAKE2S_BLOCKBYTES, S->buflen );
-  }
-
-  blake2s_increment_counter( S, ( uint32_t )S->buflen );
-  blake2s_set_lastblock( S );
-  memset( S->buf + S->buflen, 0, 2 * BLAKE2S_BLOCKBYTES - S->buflen ); /* Padding */
-  blake2s_compress( S, S->buf );
-
-  for( i = 0; i < 8; ++i ) /* Output full hash to temp buffer */
-    store32( buffer + sizeof( S->h[i] ) * i, S->h[i] );
-
-  memcpy( out, buffer, outlen );
-  return 0;
-}
-
-int blake2s( uint8_t *out, const void *in, const void *key, size_t outlen, size_t inlen, size_t keylen )
-{
-  blake2s_state S[1];
-
-  /* Verify parameters */
-  if ( NULL == in && inlen > 0 ) return -1;
-
-  if ( NULL == out ) return -1;
-
-  if ( NULL == key && keylen > 0 ) return -1;
-
-  if( !outlen || outlen > BLAKE2S_OUTBYTES ) return -1;
-
-  if( keylen > BLAKE2S_KEYBYTES ) return -1;
-
-  if( keylen > 0 )
-  {
-    if( blake2s_init_key( S, outlen, key, keylen ) < 0 ) return -1;
-  }
-  else
-  {
-    if( blake2s_init( S, outlen ) < 0 ) return -1;
-  }
-
-  if( blake2s_update( S, ( uint8_t * )in, inlen ) < 0) return -1;
-  return blake2s_final( S, out, outlen );
-}
-
diff --git a/Modules/_blake2/impl/blake2s-round.h b/Modules/_blake2/impl/blake2s-round.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 3af4be35bee5d4..00000000000000
--- a/Modules/_blake2/impl/blake2s-round.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,91 +0,0 @@
-/*
-   BLAKE2 reference source code package - optimized C implementations
-
-   Written in 2012 by Samuel Neves <sneves@dei.uc.pt>
-
-   To the extent possible under law, the author(s) have dedicated all copyright
-   and related and neighboring rights to this software to the public domain
-   worldwide. This software is distributed without any warranty.
-
-   You should have received a copy of the CC0 Public Domain Dedication along with
-   this software. If not, see <http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/>.
-*/
-#pragma once
-#ifndef __BLAKE2S_ROUND_H__
-#define __BLAKE2S_ROUND_H__
-
-#define LOAD(p)  _mm_load_si128( (__m128i *)(p) )
-#define STORE(p,r) _mm_store_si128((__m128i *)(p), r)
-
-#define LOADU(p)  _mm_loadu_si128( (__m128i *)(p) )
-#define STOREU(p,r) _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i *)(p), r)
-
-#define TOF(reg) _mm_castsi128_ps((reg))
-#define TOI(reg) _mm_castps_si128((reg))
-
-#define LIKELY(x) __builtin_expect((x),1)
-
-
-/* Microarchitecture-specific macros */
-#ifndef HAVE_XOP
-#ifdef HAVE_SSSE3
-#define _mm_roti_epi32(r, c) ( \
-                (8==-(c)) ? _mm_shuffle_epi8(r,r8) \
-              : (16==-(c)) ? _mm_shuffle_epi8(r,r16) \
-              : _mm_xor_si128(_mm_srli_epi32( (r), -(c) ),_mm_slli_epi32( (r), 32-(-(c)) )) )
-#else
-#define _mm_roti_epi32(r, c) _mm_xor_si128(_mm_srli_epi32( (r), -(c) ),_mm_slli_epi32( (r), 32-(-(c)) ))
-#endif
-#else
-/* ... */
-#endif
-
-
-#define G1(row1,row2,row3,row4,buf) \
-  row1 = _mm_add_epi32( _mm_add_epi32( row1, buf), row2 ); \
-  row4 = _mm_xor_si128( row4, row1 ); \
-  row4 = _mm_roti_epi32(row4, -16); \
-  row3 = _mm_add_epi32( row3, row4 );   \
-  row2 = _mm_xor_si128( row2, row3 ); \
-  row2 = _mm_roti_epi32(row2, -12);
-
-#define G2(row1,row2,row3,row4,buf) \
-  row1 = _mm_add_epi32( _mm_add_epi32( row1, buf), row2 ); \
-  row4 = _mm_xor_si128( row4, row1 ); \
-  row4 = _mm_roti_epi32(row4, -8); \
-  row3 = _mm_add_epi32( row3, row4 );   \
-  row2 = _mm_xor_si128( row2, row3 ); \
-  row2 = _mm_roti_epi32(row2, -7);
-
-#define DIAGONALIZE(row1,row2,row3,row4) \
-  row4 = _mm_shuffle_epi32( row4, _MM_SHUFFLE(2,1,0,3) ); \
-  row3 = _mm_shuffle_epi32( row3, _MM_SHUFFLE(1,0,3,2) ); \
-  row2 = _mm_shuffle_epi32( row2, _MM_SHUFFLE(0,3,2,1) );
-
-#define UNDIAGONALIZE(row1,row2,row3,row4) \
-  row4 = _mm_shuffle_epi32( row4, _MM_SHUFFLE(0,3,2,1) ); \
-  row3 = _mm_shuffle_epi32( row3, _MM_SHUFFLE(1,0,3,2) ); \
-  row2 = _mm_shuffle_epi32( row2, _MM_SHUFFLE(2,1,0,3) );
-
-#if defined(HAVE_XOP)
-#include "blake2s-load-xop.h"
-#elif defined(HAVE_SSE4_1)
-#include "blake2s-load-sse41.h"
-#else
-#include "blake2s-load-sse2.h"
-#endif
-
-#define ROUND(r)  \
-  LOAD_MSG_ ##r ##_1(buf1); \
-  G1(row1,row2,row3,row4,buf1); \
-  LOAD_MSG_ ##r ##_2(buf2); \
-  G2(row1,row2,row3,row4,buf2); \
-  DIAGONALIZE(row1,row2,row3,row4); \
-  LOAD_MSG_ ##r ##_3(buf3); \
-  G1(row1,row2,row3,row4,buf3); \
-  LOAD_MSG_ ##r ##_4(buf4); \
-  G2(row1,row2,row3,row4,buf4); \
-  UNDIAGONALIZE(row1,row2,row3,row4); \
-
-#endif
-
diff --git a/Modules/_blake2/impl/blake2s.c b/Modules/_blake2/impl/blake2s.c
deleted file mode 100644
index e7f63fd274f212..00000000000000
--- a/Modules/_blake2/impl/blake2s.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,415 +0,0 @@
-/*
-   BLAKE2 reference source code package - optimized C implementations
-
-   Written in 2012 by Samuel Neves <sneves@dei.uc.pt>
-
-   To the extent possible under law, the author(s) have dedicated all copyright
-   and related and neighboring rights to this software to the public domain
-   worldwide. This software is distributed without any warranty.
-
-   You should have received a copy of the CC0 Public Domain Dedication along with
-   this software. If not, see <http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/>.
-*/
-
-#include <stdint.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-
-#include "blake2.h"
-#include "blake2-impl.h"
-
-#include "blake2-config.h"
-
-#if defined(_MSC_VER)
-#include <intrin.h>
-#endif
-
-#if defined(HAVE_SSE2)
-#include <emmintrin.h>
-// MSVC only defines  _mm_set_epi64x for x86_64...
-#if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(_M_X64) && !defined(__clang__)
-static inline __m128i _mm_set_epi64x( const uint64_t u1, const uint64_t u0 )
-{
-  return _mm_set_epi32( u1 >> 32, u1, u0 >> 32, u0 );
-}
-#endif
-#endif
-
-
-#if defined(HAVE_SSSE3)
-#include <tmmintrin.h>
-#endif
-#if defined(HAVE_SSE4_1)
-#include <smmintrin.h>
-#endif
-#if defined(HAVE_AVX)
-#include <immintrin.h>
-#endif
-#if defined(HAVE_XOP) && !defined(_MSC_VER)
-#include <x86intrin.h>
-#endif
-
-#include "blake2s-round.h"
-
-static const uint32_t blake2s_IV[8] =
-{
-  0x6A09E667UL, 0xBB67AE85UL, 0x3C6EF372UL, 0xA54FF53AUL,
-  0x510E527FUL, 0x9B05688CUL, 0x1F83D9ABUL, 0x5BE0CD19UL
-};
-
-static const uint8_t blake2s_sigma[10][16] =
-{
-  {  0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 } ,
-  { 14, 10,  4,  8,  9, 15, 13,  6,  1, 12,  0,  2, 11,  7,  5,  3 } ,
-  { 11,  8, 12,  0,  5,  2, 15, 13, 10, 14,  3,  6,  7,  1,  9,  4 } ,
-  {  7,  9,  3,  1, 13, 12, 11, 14,  2,  6,  5, 10,  4,  0, 15,  8 } ,
-  {  9,  0,  5,  7,  2,  4, 10, 15, 14,  1, 11, 12,  6,  8,  3, 13 } ,
-  {  2, 12,  6, 10,  0, 11,  8,  3,  4, 13,  7,  5, 15, 14,  1,  9 } ,
-  { 12,  5,  1, 15, 14, 13,  4, 10,  0,  7,  6,  3,  9,  2,  8, 11 } ,
-  { 13, 11,  7, 14, 12,  1,  3,  9,  5,  0, 15,  4,  8,  6,  2, 10 } ,
-  {  6, 15, 14,  9, 11,  3,  0,  8, 12,  2, 13,  7,  1,  4, 10,  5 } ,
-  { 10,  2,  8,  4,  7,  6,  1,  5, 15, 11,  9, 14,  3, 12, 13 , 0 } ,
-};
-
-
-/* Some helper functions, not necessarily useful */
-static inline int blake2s_set_lastnode( blake2s_state *S )
-{
-  S->f[1] = ~0U;
-  return 0;
-}
-
-static inline int blake2s_clear_lastnode( blake2s_state *S )
-{
-  S->f[1] = 0U;
-  return 0;
-}
-
-static inline int blake2s_set_lastblock( blake2s_state *S )
-{
-  if( S->last_node ) blake2s_set_lastnode( S );
-
-  S->f[0] = ~0U;
-  return 0;
-}
-
-static inline int blake2s_clear_lastblock( blake2s_state *S )
-{
-  if( S->last_node ) blake2s_clear_lastnode( S );
-
-  S->f[0] = 0U;
-  return 0;
-}
-
-static inline int blake2s_increment_counter( blake2s_state *S, const uint32_t inc )
-{
-  uint64_t t = ( ( uint64_t )S->t[1] << 32 ) | S->t[0];
-  t += inc;
-  S->t[0] = ( uint32_t )( t >>  0 );
-  S->t[1] = ( uint32_t )( t >> 32 );
-  return 0;
-}
-
-
-// Parameter-related functions
-static inline int blake2s_param_set_digest_length( blake2s_param *P, const uint8_t digest_length )
-{
-  P->digest_length = digest_length;
-  return 0;
-}
-
-static inline int blake2s_param_set_fanout( blake2s_param *P, const uint8_t fanout )
-{
-  P->fanout = fanout;
-  return 0;
-}
-
-static inline int blake2s_param_set_max_depth( blake2s_param *P, const uint8_t depth )
-{
-  P->depth = depth;
-  return 0;
-}
-
-static inline int blake2s_param_set_leaf_length( blake2s_param *P, const uint32_t leaf_length )
-{
-  P->leaf_length = leaf_length;
-  return 0;
-}
-
-static inline int blake2s_param_set_node_offset( blake2s_param *P, const uint64_t node_offset )
-{
-  store48( P->node_offset, node_offset );
-  return 0;
-}
-
-static inline int blake2s_param_set_node_depth( blake2s_param *P, const uint8_t node_depth )
-{
-  P->node_depth = node_depth;
-  return 0;
-}
-
-static inline int blake2s_param_set_inner_length( blake2s_param *P, const uint8_t inner_length )
-{
-  P->inner_length = inner_length;
-  return 0;
-}
-
-static inline int blake2s_param_set_salt( blake2s_param *P, const uint8_t salt[BLAKE2S_SALTBYTES] )
-{
-  memcpy( P->salt, salt, BLAKE2S_SALTBYTES );
-  return 0;
-}
-
-static inline int blake2s_param_set_personal( blake2s_param *P, const uint8_t personal[BLAKE2S_PERSONALBYTES] )
-{
-  memcpy( P->personal, personal, BLAKE2S_PERSONALBYTES );
-  return 0;
-}
-
-static inline int blake2s_init0( blake2s_state *S )
-{
-  memset( S, 0, sizeof( blake2s_state ) );
-
-  for( int i = 0; i < 8; ++i ) S->h[i] = blake2s_IV[i];
-
-  return 0;
-}
-
-#if defined(__cplusplus)
-extern "C" {
-#endif
-  int blake2s_init( blake2s_state *S, size_t outlen );
-  int blake2s_init_param( blake2s_state *S, const blake2s_param *P );
-  int blake2s_init_key( blake2s_state *S, size_t outlen, const void *key, size_t keylen );
-  int blake2s_update( blake2s_state *S, const uint8_t *in, size_t inlen );
-  int blake2s_final( blake2s_state *S, uint8_t *out, size_t outlen );
-  int blake2s( uint8_t *out, const void *in, const void *key, size_t outlen, size_t inlen, size_t keylen );
-#if defined(__cplusplus)
-}
-#endif
-
-
-/* init2 xors IV with input parameter block */
-int blake2s_init_param( blake2s_state *S, const blake2s_param *P )
-{
-  uint8_t *p, *h, *v;
-  //blake2s_init0( S );
-  v = ( uint8_t * )( blake2s_IV );
-  h = ( uint8_t * )( S->h );
-  p = ( uint8_t * )( P );
-  /* IV XOR ParamBlock */
-  memset( S, 0, sizeof( blake2s_state ) );
-
-  for( int i = 0; i < BLAKE2S_OUTBYTES; ++i ) h[i] = v[i] ^ p[i];
-
-  S->outlen = P->digest_length;
-  return 0;
-}
-
-
-/* Some sort of default parameter block initialization, for sequential blake2s */
-int blake2s_init( blake2s_state *S, size_t outlen )
-{
-  if ( ( !outlen ) || ( outlen > BLAKE2S_OUTBYTES ) ) return -1;
-
-  const blake2s_param P =
-  {
-    outlen,
-    0,
-    1,
-    1,
-    0,
-    {0},
-    0,
-    0,
-    {0},
-    {0}
-  };
-  return blake2s_init_param( S, &P );
-}
-
-
-int blake2s_init_key( blake2s_state *S, size_t outlen, const void *key, size_t keylen )
-{
-  if ( ( !outlen ) || ( outlen > BLAKE2S_OUTBYTES ) ) return -1;
-
-  if ( ( !key ) || ( !keylen ) || keylen > BLAKE2S_KEYBYTES ) return -1;
-
-  const blake2s_param P =
-  {
-    outlen,
-    keylen,
-    1,
-    1,
-    0,
-    {0},
-    0,
-    0,
-    {0},
-    {0}
-  };
-
-  if( blake2s_init_param( S, &P ) < 0 )
-    return -1;
-
-  {
-    uint8_t block[BLAKE2S_BLOCKBYTES];
-    memset( block, 0, BLAKE2S_BLOCKBYTES );
-    memcpy( block, key, keylen );
-    blake2s_update( S, block, BLAKE2S_BLOCKBYTES );
-    secure_zero_memory( block, BLAKE2S_BLOCKBYTES ); /* Burn the key from stack */
-  }
-  return 0;
-}
-
-
-static inline int blake2s_compress( blake2s_state *S, const uint8_t block[BLAKE2S_BLOCKBYTES] )
-{
-  __m128i row1, row2, row3, row4;
-  __m128i buf1, buf2, buf3, buf4;
-#if defined(HAVE_SSE4_1)
-  __m128i t0, t1;
-#if !defined(HAVE_XOP)
-  __m128i t2;
-#endif
-#endif
-  __m128i ff0, ff1;
-#if defined(HAVE_SSSE3) && !defined(HAVE_XOP)
-  const __m128i r8 = _mm_set_epi8( 12, 15, 14, 13, 8, 11, 10, 9, 4, 7, 6, 5, 0, 3, 2, 1 );
-  const __m128i r16 = _mm_set_epi8( 13, 12, 15, 14, 9, 8, 11, 10, 5, 4, 7, 6, 1, 0, 3, 2 );
-#endif
-#if defined(HAVE_SSE4_1)
-  const __m128i m0 = LOADU( block +  00 );
-  const __m128i m1 = LOADU( block +  16 );
-  const __m128i m2 = LOADU( block +  32 );
-  const __m128i m3 = LOADU( block +  48 );
-#else
-  const uint32_t  m0 = ( ( uint32_t * )block )[ 0];
-  const uint32_t  m1 = ( ( uint32_t * )block )[ 1];
-  const uint32_t  m2 = ( ( uint32_t * )block )[ 2];
-  const uint32_t  m3 = ( ( uint32_t * )block )[ 3];
-  const uint32_t  m4 = ( ( uint32_t * )block )[ 4];
-  const uint32_t  m5 = ( ( uint32_t * )block )[ 5];
-  const uint32_t  m6 = ( ( uint32_t * )block )[ 6];
-  const uint32_t  m7 = ( ( uint32_t * )block )[ 7];
-  const uint32_t  m8 = ( ( uint32_t * )block )[ 8];
-  const uint32_t  m9 = ( ( uint32_t * )block )[ 9];
-  const uint32_t m10 = ( ( uint32_t * )block )[10];
-  const uint32_t m11 = ( ( uint32_t * )block )[11];
-  const uint32_t m12 = ( ( uint32_t * )block )[12];
-  const uint32_t m13 = ( ( uint32_t * )block )[13];
-  const uint32_t m14 = ( ( uint32_t * )block )[14];
-  const uint32_t m15 = ( ( uint32_t * )block )[15];
-#endif
-  row1 = ff0 = LOADU( &S->h[0] );
-  row2 = ff1 = LOADU( &S->h[4] );
-  row3 = _mm_setr_epi32( 0x6A09E667, 0xBB67AE85, 0x3C6EF372, 0xA54FF53A );
-  row4 = _mm_xor_si128( _mm_setr_epi32( 0x510E527F, 0x9B05688C, 0x1F83D9AB, 0x5BE0CD19 ), LOADU( &S->t[0] ) );
-  ROUND( 0 );
-  ROUND( 1 );
-  ROUND( 2 );
-  ROUND( 3 );
-  ROUND( 4 );
-  ROUND( 5 );
-  ROUND( 6 );
-  ROUND( 7 );
-  ROUND( 8 );
-  ROUND( 9 );
-  STOREU( &S->h[0], _mm_xor_si128( ff0, _mm_xor_si128( row1, row3 ) ) );
-  STOREU( &S->h[4], _mm_xor_si128( ff1, _mm_xor_si128( row2, row4 ) ) );
-  return 0;
-}
-
-
-int blake2s_update( blake2s_state *S, const uint8_t *in, size_t inlen )
-{
-  while( inlen > 0 )
-  {
-    size_t left = S->buflen;
-    size_t fill = 2 * BLAKE2S_BLOCKBYTES - left;
-
-    if( inlen > fill )
-    {
-      memcpy( S->buf + left, in, fill ); // Fill buffer
-      S->buflen += fill;
-      blake2s_increment_counter( S, BLAKE2S_BLOCKBYTES );
-      blake2s_compress( S, S->buf ); // Compress
-      memcpy( S->buf, S->buf + BLAKE2S_BLOCKBYTES, BLAKE2S_BLOCKBYTES ); // Shift buffer left
-      S->buflen -= BLAKE2S_BLOCKBYTES;
-      in += fill;
-      inlen -= fill;
-    }
-    else /* inlen <= fill */
-    {
-      memcpy( S->buf + left, in, inlen );
-      S->buflen += inlen; // Be lazy, do not compress
-      in += inlen;
-      inlen -= inlen;
-    }
-  }
-
-  return 0;
-}
-
-
-int blake2s_final( blake2s_state *S, uint8_t *out, size_t outlen )
-{
-  uint8_t buffer[BLAKE2S_OUTBYTES];
-
-  if(outlen != S->outlen ) return -1;
-
-  if( S->buflen > BLAKE2S_BLOCKBYTES )
-  {
-    blake2s_increment_counter( S, BLAKE2S_BLOCKBYTES );
-    blake2s_compress( S, S->buf );
-    S->buflen -= BLAKE2S_BLOCKBYTES;
-    memmove( S->buf, S->buf + BLAKE2S_BLOCKBYTES, S->buflen );
-  }
-
-  blake2s_increment_counter( S, ( uint32_t )S->buflen );
-  blake2s_set_lastblock( S );
-  memset( S->buf + S->buflen, 0, 2 * BLAKE2S_BLOCKBYTES - S->buflen ); /* Padding */
-  blake2s_compress( S, S->buf );
-
-  for( int i = 0; i < 8; ++i ) /* Output full hash to temp buffer */
-    store32( buffer + sizeof( S->h[i] ) * i, S->h[i] );
-
-  memcpy( out, buffer, outlen );
-  return 0;
-}
-
-int blake2s( uint8_t *out, const void *in, const void *key, size_t outlen, size_t inlen, size_t keylen )
-{
-  blake2s_state S[1];
-
-  /* Verify parameters */
-  if ( NULL == in && inlen > 0 ) return -1;
-
-  if ( NULL == out ) return -1;
-
-  if ( NULL == key && keylen > 0) return -1;
-
-  if( !outlen || outlen > BLAKE2S_OUTBYTES ) return -1;
-
-  if( keylen > BLAKE2S_KEYBYTES ) return -1;
-
-  if( keylen > 0 )
-  {
-    if( blake2s_init_key( S, outlen, key, keylen ) < 0 ) return -1;
-  }
-  else
-  {
-    if( blake2s_init( S, outlen ) < 0 ) return -1;
-  }
-
-  if( blake2s_update( S, ( uint8_t * )in, inlen ) < 0) return -1;
-  return blake2s_final( S, out, outlen );
-}
-
-#if defined(SUPERCOP)
-int crypto_hash( unsigned char *out, unsigned char *in, unsigned long long inlen )
-{
-  return blake2s( out, in, NULL, BLAKE2S_OUTBYTES, (size_t)inlen, 0 );
-}
-#endif
-
diff --git a/Modules/_codecsmodule.c b/Modules/_codecsmodule.c
index 32373f0799bfeb..471b42badc8e8c 100644
--- a/Modules/_codecsmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/_codecsmodule.c
@@ -979,6 +979,30 @@ _codecs_register_error_impl(PyObject *module, const char *errors,
     Py_RETURN_NONE;
 }
 
+/*[clinic input]
+_codecs._unregister_error -> bool
+    errors: str
+    /
+
+Un-register the specified error handler for the error handling `errors'.
+
+Only custom error handlers can be un-registered. An exception is raised
+if the error handling is a built-in one (e.g., 'strict'), or if an error
+occurs.
+
+Otherwise, this returns True if a custom handler has been successfully
+un-registered, and False if no custom handler for the specified error
+handling exists.
+
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+
+static int
+_codecs__unregister_error_impl(PyObject *module, const char *errors)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=28c22be667465503 input=a63ab9e9ce1686d4]*/
+{
+    return _PyCodec_UnregisterError(errors);
+}
+
 /*[clinic input]
 _codecs.lookup_error
     name: str
@@ -1044,6 +1068,7 @@ static PyMethodDef _codecs_functions[] = {
     _CODECS_CODE_PAGE_ENCODE_METHODDEF
     _CODECS_CODE_PAGE_DECODE_METHODDEF
     _CODECS_REGISTER_ERROR_METHODDEF
+    _CODECS__UNREGISTER_ERROR_METHODDEF
     _CODECS_LOOKUP_ERROR_METHODDEF
     {NULL, NULL}                /* sentinel */
 };
diff --git a/Modules/_collectionsmodule.c b/Modules/_collectionsmodule.c
index 644a90a8c71099..aef04248c7e73c 100644
--- a/Modules/_collectionsmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/_collectionsmodule.c
@@ -1293,7 +1293,7 @@ deque_index_impl(dequeobject *deque, PyObject *v, Py_ssize_t start,
             index = 0;
         }
     }
-    PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError, "%R is not in deque", v);
+    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "deque.index(x): x not in deque");
     return NULL;
 }
 
@@ -1462,7 +1462,7 @@ deque_remove_impl(dequeobject *deque, PyObject *value)
         }
     }
     if (i == n) {
-        PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError, "%R is not in deque", value);
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "deque.remove(x): x not in deque");
         return NULL;
     }
     rv = deque_del_item(deque, i);
@@ -2179,6 +2179,8 @@ typedef struct {
     PyObject *default_factory;
 } defdictobject;
 
+static PyType_Spec defdict_spec;
+
 PyDoc_STRVAR(defdict_missing_doc,
 "__missing__(key) # Called by __getitem__ for missing key; pseudo-code:\n\
   if self.default_factory is None: raise KeyError((key,))\n\
@@ -2358,23 +2360,16 @@ defdict_or(PyObject* left, PyObject* right)
 {
     PyObject *self, *other;
 
-    // Find module state
-    PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(left);
-    PyObject *mod = PyType_GetModuleByDef(tp, &_collectionsmodule);
-    if (mod == NULL) {
-        PyErr_Clear();
-        tp = Py_TYPE(right);
-        mod = PyType_GetModuleByDef(tp, &_collectionsmodule);
+    int ret = PyType_GetBaseByToken(Py_TYPE(left), &defdict_spec, NULL);
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        return NULL;
     }
-    assert(mod != NULL);
-    collections_state *state = get_module_state(mod);
-
-    if (PyObject_TypeCheck(left, state->defdict_type)) {
+    if (ret) {
         self = left;
         other = right;
     }
     else {
-        assert(PyObject_TypeCheck(right, state->defdict_type));
+        assert(PyType_GetBaseByToken(Py_TYPE(right), &defdict_spec, NULL) == 1);
         self = right;
         other = left;
     }
@@ -2454,6 +2449,7 @@ passed to the dict constructor, including keyword arguments.\n\
 #define DEFERRED_ADDRESS(ADDR) 0
 
 static PyType_Slot defdict_slots[] = {
+    {Py_tp_token, Py_TP_USE_SPEC},
     {Py_tp_dealloc, defdict_dealloc},
     {Py_tp_repr, defdict_repr},
     {Py_nb_or, defdict_or},
@@ -2537,12 +2533,9 @@ _collections__count_elements_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *mapping,
             if (key == NULL)
                 break;
 
-            if (!PyUnicode_CheckExact(key) ||
-                (hash = _PyASCIIObject_CAST(key)->hash) == -1)
-            {
-                hash = PyObject_Hash(key);
-                if (hash == -1)
-                    goto done;
+            hash = _PyObject_HashFast(key);
+            if (hash == -1) {
+                goto done;
             }
 
             oldval = _PyDict_GetItem_KnownHash(mapping, key, hash);
@@ -2575,7 +2568,11 @@ _collections__count_elements_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *mapping,
             oldval = PyObject_CallFunctionObjArgs(bound_get, key, zero, NULL);
             if (oldval == NULL)
                 break;
-            newval = PyNumber_Add(oldval, one);
+            if (oldval == zero) {
+                newval = Py_NewRef(one);
+            } else {
+                newval = PyNumber_Add(oldval, one);
+            }
             Py_DECREF(oldval);
             if (newval == NULL)
                 break;
diff --git a/Modules/_complex.h b/Modules/_complex.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..28d4a32794b97c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Modules/_complex.h
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+/* Workarounds for buggy complex number arithmetic implementations. */
+
+#ifndef Py_HAVE_C_COMPLEX
+#  error "this header file should only be included if Py_HAVE_C_COMPLEX is defined"
+#endif
+
+#include <complex.h>
+
+/* Other compilers (than clang), that claims to
+   implement C11 *and* define __STDC_IEC_559_COMPLEX__ - don't have
+   issue with CMPLX().  This is specific to glibc & clang combination:
+   https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=26287
+
+   Here we fallback to using __builtin_complex(), available in clang
+   v12+.  Else CMPLX implemented following C11 6.2.5p13: "Each complex type
+   has the same representation and alignment requirements as an array
+   type containing exactly two elements of the corresponding real type;
+   the first element is equal to the real part, and the second element
+   to the imaginary part, of the complex number.
+ */
+#if !defined(CMPLX)
+#  if defined(__clang__) && __has_builtin(__builtin_complex)
+#    define CMPLX(x, y) __builtin_complex ((double) (x), (double) (y))
+#    define CMPLXF(x, y) __builtin_complex ((float) (x), (float) (y))
+#    define CMPLXL(x, y) __builtin_complex ((long double) (x), (long double) (y))
+#  else
+static inline double complex
+CMPLX(double real, double imag)
+{
+    double complex z;
+    ((double *)(&z))[0] = real;
+    ((double *)(&z))[1] = imag;
+    return z;
+}
+
+static inline float complex
+CMPLXF(float real, float imag)
+{
+    float complex z;
+    ((float *)(&z))[0] = real;
+    ((float *)(&z))[1] = imag;
+    return z;
+}
+
+static inline long double complex
+CMPLXL(long double real, long double imag)
+{
+    long double complex z;
+    ((long double *)(&z))[0] = real;
+    ((long double *)(&z))[1] = imag;
+    return z;
+}
+#  endif
+#endif
diff --git a/Modules/_csv.c b/Modules/_csv.c
index 9d6b66d4938687..1a4dc3f1f55ace 100644
--- a/Modules/_csv.c
+++ b/Modules/_csv.c
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ module instead.
 #endif
 
 #include "Python.h"
+#include "pycore_pyatomic_ft_wrappers.h"
 
 #include <stddef.h>               // offsetof()
 #include <stdbool.h>
@@ -34,7 +35,7 @@ typedef struct {
     PyTypeObject *dialect_type;
     PyTypeObject *reader_type;
     PyTypeObject *writer_type;
-    long field_limit;   /* max parsed field size */
+    Py_ssize_t field_limit;   /* max parsed field size */
     PyObject *str_write;
 } _csvstate;
 
@@ -367,6 +368,8 @@ static struct PyMemberDef Dialect_memberlist[] = {
     { NULL }
 };
 
+#undef D_OFF
+
 static PyGetSetDef Dialect_getsetlist[] = {
     { "delimiter",          (getter)Dialect_get_delimiter},
     { "escapechar",             (getter)Dialect_get_escapechar},
@@ -502,6 +505,7 @@ dialect_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
         DIALECT_GETATTR(skipinitialspace, "skipinitialspace");
         DIALECT_GETATTR(strict, "strict");
     }
+#undef DIALECT_GETATTR
 
     /* check types and convert to C values */
 #define DIASET(meth, name, target, src, dflt) \
@@ -515,6 +519,7 @@ dialect_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
     DIASET(_set_int, "quoting", &self->quoting, quoting, QUOTE_MINIMAL);
     DIASET(_set_bool, "skipinitialspace", &self->skipinitialspace, skipinitialspace, false);
     DIASET(_set_bool, "strict", &self->strict, strict, false);
+#undef DIASET
 
     /* validate options */
     if (dialect_check_quoting(self->quoting))
@@ -702,10 +707,11 @@ parse_grow_buff(ReaderObj *self)
 static int
 parse_add_char(ReaderObj *self, _csvstate *module_state, Py_UCS4 c)
 {
-    if (self->field_len >= module_state->field_limit) {
+    Py_ssize_t field_limit = FT_ATOMIC_LOAD_SSIZE_RELAXED(module_state->field_limit);
+    if (self->field_len >= field_limit) {
         PyErr_Format(module_state->error_obj,
-                     "field larger than field limit (%ld)",
-                     module_state->field_limit);
+                     "field larger than field limit (%zd)",
+                     field_limit);
         return -1;
     }
     if (self->field_len == self->field_size && !parse_grow_buff(self))
@@ -731,7 +737,7 @@ parse_process_char(ReaderObj *self, _csvstate *module_state, Py_UCS4 c)
         }
         /* normal character - handle as START_FIELD */
         self->state = START_FIELD;
-        /* fallthru */
+        _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
     case START_FIELD:
         /* expecting field */
         self->unquoted_field = true;
@@ -749,7 +755,6 @@ parse_process_char(ReaderObj *self, _csvstate *module_state, Py_UCS4 c)
         }
         else if (c == dialect->escapechar) {
             /* possible escaped character */
-            self->unquoted_field = false;
             self->state = ESCAPED_CHAR;
         }
         else if (c == ' ' && dialect->skipinitialspace)
@@ -785,7 +790,7 @@ parse_process_char(ReaderObj *self, _csvstate *module_state, Py_UCS4 c)
     case AFTER_ESCAPED_CRNL:
         if (c == EOL)
             break;
-        /*fallthru*/
+        _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
 
     case IN_FIELD:
         /* in unquoted field */
@@ -1027,6 +1032,8 @@ static struct PyMemberDef Reader_memberlist[] = {
     { NULL }
 };
 
+#undef R_OFF
+
 
 static PyType_Slot Reader_Type_slots[] = {
     {Py_tp_doc, (char*)Reader_Type_doc},
@@ -1073,7 +1080,7 @@ csv_reader(PyObject *module, PyObject *args, PyObject *keyword_args)
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    if (!PyArg_UnpackTuple(args, "", 1, 2, &iterator, &dialect)) {
+    if (!PyArg_UnpackTuple(args, "reader", 1, 2, &iterator, &dialect)) {
         Py_DECREF(self);
         return NULL;
     }
@@ -1442,6 +1449,8 @@ static struct PyMemberDef Writer_memberlist[] = {
     { NULL }
 };
 
+#undef W_OFF
+
 static int
 Writer_traverse(WriterObj *self, visitproc visit, void *arg)
 {
@@ -1520,7 +1529,7 @@ csv_writer(PyObject *module, PyObject *args, PyObject *keyword_args)
 
     self->error_obj = Py_NewRef(module_state->error_obj);
 
-    if (!PyArg_UnpackTuple(args, "", 1, 2, &output_file, &dialect)) {
+    if (!PyArg_UnpackTuple(args, "writer", 1, 2, &output_file, &dialect)) {
         Py_DECREF(self);
         return NULL;
     }
@@ -1572,7 +1581,7 @@ csv_register_dialect(PyObject *module, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
     _csvstate *module_state = get_csv_state(module);
     PyObject *dialect;
 
-    if (!PyArg_UnpackTuple(args, "", 1, 2, &name_obj, &dialect_obj))
+    if (!PyArg_UnpackTuple(args, "register_dialect", 1, 2, &name_obj, &dialect_obj))
         return NULL;
     if (!PyUnicode_Check(name_obj)) {
         PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
@@ -1652,20 +1661,20 @@ _csv_field_size_limit_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *new_limit)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=f2799ecd908e250b input=cec70e9226406435]*/
 {
     _csvstate *module_state = get_csv_state(module);
-    long old_limit = module_state->field_limit;
+    Py_ssize_t old_limit = FT_ATOMIC_LOAD_SSIZE_RELAXED(module_state->field_limit);
     if (new_limit != NULL) {
         if (!PyLong_CheckExact(new_limit)) {
             PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
                          "limit must be an integer");
             return NULL;
         }
-        module_state->field_limit = PyLong_AsLong(new_limit);
-        if (module_state->field_limit == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
-            module_state->field_limit = old_limit;
+        Py_ssize_t new_limit_value = PyLong_AsSsize_t(new_limit);
+        if (new_limit_value == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
             return NULL;
         }
+        FT_ATOMIC_STORE_SSIZE_RELAXED(module_state->field_limit, new_limit_value);
     }
-    return PyLong_FromLong(old_limit);
+    return PyLong_FromSsize_t(old_limit);
 }
 
 static PyType_Slot error_slots[] = {
diff --git a/Modules/_ctypes/_ctypes.c b/Modules/_ctypes/_ctypes.c
index 1d9534671a4ee8..eae69e484e1660 100644
--- a/Modules/_ctypes/_ctypes.c
+++ b/Modules/_ctypes/_ctypes.c
@@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ _ctypes_alloc_format_string_for_type(char code, int big_endian)
   indicator set.  If called with a suffix of NULL the error indicator must
   already be set.
  */
-char *
+static char *
 _ctypes_alloc_format_string(const char *prefix, const char *suffix)
 {
     size_t len;
@@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ _ctypes_alloc_format_string(const char *prefix, const char *suffix)
   Returns NULL on failure, with the error indicator set.  If called with
   a suffix of NULL the error indicator must already be set.
  */
-char *
+static char *
 _ctypes_alloc_format_string_with_shape(int ndim, const Py_ssize_t *shape,
                                        const char *prefix, const char *suffix)
 {
@@ -500,7 +500,7 @@ CType_Type_dealloc(PyObject *self)
 {
     StgInfo *info = _PyStgInfo_FromType_NoState(self);
     if (!info) {
-        PyErr_WriteUnraisable(self);
+        PyErr_WriteUnraisable(NULL);  // NULL avoids segfault here
     }
     if (info) {
         PyMem_Free(info->ffi_type_pointer.elements);
@@ -560,6 +560,7 @@ static PyMethodDef ctype_methods[] = {
 };
 
 static PyType_Slot ctype_type_slots[] = {
+    {Py_tp_token, Py_TP_USE_SPEC},
     {Py_tp_traverse, CType_Type_traverse},
     {Py_tp_clear, CType_Type_clear},
     {Py_tp_dealloc, CType_Type_dealloc},
@@ -569,7 +570,7 @@ static PyType_Slot ctype_type_slots[] = {
     {0, NULL},
 };
 
-static PyType_Spec pyctype_type_spec = {
+PyType_Spec pyctype_type_spec = {
     .name = "_ctypes.CType_Type",
     .basicsize = -(Py_ssize_t)sizeof(StgInfo),
     .flags = (Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_IMMUTABLETYPE |
@@ -664,9 +665,6 @@ StructUnionType_init(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds, int isStruc
         Py_DECREF(attrdict);
         return -1;
     }
-    if (!isStruct) {
-        info->flags |= TYPEFLAG_HASUNION;
-    }
 
     info->format = _ctypes_alloc_format_string(NULL, "B");
     if (info->format == NULL) {
@@ -1069,32 +1067,31 @@ CType_Type_repeat(PyObject *self, Py_ssize_t length)
     return PyCArrayType_from_ctype(st, self, length);
 }
 
-
 static int
-PyCStructType_setattro(PyObject *self, PyObject *key, PyObject *value)
+_structunion_setattro(PyObject *self, PyObject *key, PyObject *value, int is_struct)
 {
     /* XXX Should we disallow deleting _fields_? */
-    if (-1 == PyType_Type.tp_setattro(self, key, value))
-        return -1;
+    if (PyUnicode_Check(key)
+            && _PyUnicode_EqualToASCIIString(key, "_fields_"))
+    {
+        if (PyCStructUnionType_update_stginfo(self, value, is_struct) < 0) {
+            return -1;
+        }
+    }
 
-    if (value && PyUnicode_Check(key) &&
-        _PyUnicode_EqualToASCIIString(key, "_fields_"))
-        return PyCStructUnionType_update_stginfo(self, value, 1);
-    return 0;
+    return PyType_Type.tp_setattro(self, key, value);
 }
 
+static int
+PyCStructType_setattro(PyObject *self, PyObject *key, PyObject *value)
+{
+    return _structunion_setattro(self, key, value, 1);
+}
 
 static int
 UnionType_setattro(PyObject *self, PyObject *key, PyObject *value)
 {
-    /* XXX Should we disallow deleting _fields_? */
-    if (-1 == PyType_Type.tp_setattro(self, key, value))
-        return -1;
-
-    if (PyUnicode_Check(key) &&
-        _PyUnicode_EqualToASCIIString(key, "_fields_"))
-        return PyCStructUnionType_update_stginfo(self, value, 0);
-    return 0;
+    return _structunion_setattro(self, key, value, 0);
 }
 
 static PyType_Slot pycstruct_type_slots[] = {
@@ -1606,7 +1603,7 @@ PyCArrayType_init(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
         goto error;
     }
 
-    if (_PyLong_Sign(length_attr) == -1) {
+    if (_PyLong_IsNegative((PyLongObject *)length_attr)) {
         Py_DECREF(length_attr);
         PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
                         "The '_length_' attribute must not be negative");
@@ -1750,7 +1747,11 @@ class _ctypes.c_void_p "PyObject *" "clinic_state_sub()->PyCSimpleType_Type"
 [clinic start generated code]*/
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=da39a3ee5e6b4b0d input=dd4d9646c56f43a9]*/
 
+#if defined(Py_HAVE_C_COMPLEX) && defined(Py_FFI_SUPPORT_C_COMPLEX)
+static const char SIMPLE_TYPE_CHARS[] = "cbBhHiIlLdCEFfuzZqQPXOv?g";
+#else
 static const char SIMPLE_TYPE_CHARS[] = "cbBhHiIlLdfuzZqQPXOv?g";
+#endif
 
 /*[clinic input]
 _ctypes.c_wchar_p.from_param as c_wchar_p_from_param
@@ -2226,7 +2227,18 @@ PyCSimpleType_init(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
         goto error;
     }
 
-    stginfo->ffi_type_pointer = *fmt->pffi_type;
+    if (!fmt->pffi_type->elements) {
+        stginfo->ffi_type_pointer = *fmt->pffi_type;
+    }
+    else {
+        const size_t els_size = sizeof(fmt->pffi_type->elements);
+        stginfo->ffi_type_pointer.size = fmt->pffi_type->size;
+        stginfo->ffi_type_pointer.alignment = fmt->pffi_type->alignment;
+        stginfo->ffi_type_pointer.type = fmt->pffi_type->type;
+        stginfo->ffi_type_pointer.elements = PyMem_Malloc(els_size);
+        memcpy(stginfo->ffi_type_pointer.elements,
+               fmt->pffi_type->elements, els_size);
+    }
     stginfo->align = fmt->pffi_type->alignment;
     stginfo->length = 0;
     stginfo->size = fmt->pffi_type->size;
@@ -2288,9 +2300,14 @@ PyCSimpleType_init(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
             if (!meth) {
                 return -1;
             }
-            x = PyDict_SetItemString(((PyTypeObject*)self)->tp_dict,
-                                     ml->ml_name,
-                                     meth);
+            PyObject *name = PyUnicode_FromString(ml->ml_name);
+            if (name == NULL) {
+                Py_DECREF(meth);
+                return -1;
+            }
+            PyUnicode_InternInPlace(&name);
+            x = PyDict_SetItem(((PyTypeObject*)self)->tp_dict, name, meth);
+            Py_DECREF(name);
             Py_DECREF(meth);
             if (x == -1) {
                 return -1;
@@ -2408,7 +2425,7 @@ PyCSimpleType_from_param_impl(PyObject *type, PyTypeObject *cls,
         return NULL;
     }
     if (as_parameter) {
-        if (_Py_EnterRecursiveCall("while processing _as_parameter_")) {
+        if (_Py_EnterRecursiveCall(" while processing _as_parameter_")) {
             Py_DECREF(as_parameter);
             Py_XDECREF(exc);
             return NULL;
@@ -2514,6 +2531,10 @@ converters_from_argtypes(ctypes_state *st, PyObject *ob)
             return -1;
         }
 
+        // TYPEFLAG_HASUNION and TYPEFLAG_HASBITFIELD used to be set
+        // if there were any unions/bitfields;
+        // if the check is re-enabled we either need to loop here or
+        // restore the flag
         if (stginfo != NULL) {
             if (stginfo->flags & TYPEFLAG_HASUNION) {
                 Py_DECREF(converters);
@@ -4074,7 +4095,7 @@ _build_callargs(ctypes_state *st, PyCFuncPtrObject *self, PyObject *argtypes,
         case (PARAMFLAG_FIN | PARAMFLAG_FOUT):
             *pinoutmask |= (1 << i); /* mark as inout arg */
             (*pnumretvals)++;
-            /* fall through */
+            _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
         case 0:
         case PARAMFLAG_FIN:
             /* 'in' parameter.  Copy it from inargs. */
@@ -4711,7 +4732,7 @@ Array_subscript(PyObject *myself, PyObject *item)
             char *dest;
 
             if (slicelen <= 0)
-                return PyBytes_FromStringAndSize("", 0);
+                return Py_GetConstant(Py_CONSTANT_EMPTY_BYTES);
             if (step == 1) {
                 return PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(ptr + start,
                                                  slicelen);
@@ -4735,7 +4756,7 @@ Array_subscript(PyObject *myself, PyObject *item)
             wchar_t *dest;
 
             if (slicelen <= 0)
-                return PyUnicode_New(0, 0);
+                return Py_GetConstant(Py_CONSTANT_EMPTY_STR);
             if (step == 1) {
                 return PyUnicode_FromWideChar(ptr + start,
                                               slicelen);
@@ -5397,7 +5418,7 @@ Pointer_subscript(PyObject *myself, PyObject *item)
             char *dest;
 
             if (len <= 0)
-                return PyBytes_FromStringAndSize("", 0);
+                return Py_GetConstant(Py_CONSTANT_EMPTY_BYTES);
             if (step == 1) {
                 return PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(ptr + start,
                                                  len);
@@ -5417,7 +5438,7 @@ Pointer_subscript(PyObject *myself, PyObject *item)
             wchar_t *dest;
 
             if (len <= 0)
-                return PyUnicode_New(0, 0);
+                return Py_GetConstant(Py_CONSTANT_EMPTY_STR);
             if (step == 1) {
                 return PyUnicode_FromWideChar(ptr + start,
                                               len);
@@ -5760,7 +5781,7 @@ _ctypes_add_types(PyObject *mod)
      * Simple classes
      */
 
-    CREATE_TYPE(st->PyCField_Type, &cfield_spec, NULL, NULL);
+    MOD_ADD_TYPE(st->PyCField_Type, &cfield_spec, NULL, NULL);
 
     /*************************************************
      *
diff --git a/Modules/_ctypes/_ctypes_test.c b/Modules/_ctypes/_ctypes_test.c
index e9ff8108efaa2f..7bac592fd38fb9 100644
--- a/Modules/_ctypes/_ctypes_test.c
+++ b/Modules/_ctypes/_ctypes_test.c
@@ -13,6 +13,10 @@
 
 #include <Python.h>
 
+#if defined(Py_HAVE_C_COMPLEX) && defined(Py_FFI_SUPPORT_C_COMPLEX)
+#  include "../_complex.h"        // csqrt()
+#  undef I                        // for _ctypes_test_generated.c.h
+#endif
 #include <stdio.h>                // printf()
 #include <stdlib.h>               // qsort()
 #include <string.h>               // memset()
@@ -180,9 +184,9 @@ _testfunc_array_in_struct3B_set_defaults(void)
 
 /*
  * Test3C struct tests the MAX_STRUCT_SIZE 32. Structs containing arrays of up
- * to four floating point types are passed in registers on Arm platforms.
- * This struct is used for within bounds test on Arm platfroms and for an
- * out-of-bounds tests for platfroms where MAX_STRUCT_SIZE is less than 32.
+ * to four floating-point types are passed in registers on Arm platforms.
+ * This struct is used for within-bounds tests on Arm platforms and for an
+ * out-of-bounds test for platforms where MAX_STRUCT_SIZE is less than 32.
  * See gh-110190.
  */
 typedef struct {
@@ -204,9 +208,9 @@ _testfunc_array_in_struct3C_set_defaults(void)
 
 /*
  * Test3D struct tests the MAX_STRUCT_SIZE 64. Structs containing arrays of up
- * to eight floating point types are passed in registers on PPC64LE platforms.
- * This struct is used for within bounds test on PPC64LE platfroms and for an
- * out-of-bounds tests for platfroms where MAX_STRUCT_SIZE is less than 64.
+ * to eight floating-point types are passed in registers on PPC64LE platforms.
+ * This struct is used for within bounds test on PPC64LE platforms and for an
+ * out-of-bounds tests for platforms where MAX_STRUCT_SIZE is less than 64.
  * See gh-110190.
  */
 typedef struct {
@@ -443,6 +447,23 @@ EXPORT(double) my_sqrt(double a)
     return sqrt(a);
 }
 
+#if defined(Py_HAVE_C_COMPLEX) && defined(Py_FFI_SUPPORT_C_COMPLEX)
+EXPORT(double complex) my_csqrt(double complex a)
+{
+    return csqrt(a);
+}
+
+EXPORT(float complex) my_csqrtf(float complex a)
+{
+    return csqrtf(a);
+}
+
+EXPORT(long double complex) my_csqrtl(long double complex a)
+{
+    return csqrtl(a);
+}
+#endif
+
 EXPORT(void) my_qsort(void *base, size_t num, size_t width, int(*compare)(const void*, const void*))
 {
     qsort(base, num, width, compare);
diff --git a/Modules/_ctypes/callproc.c b/Modules/_ctypes/callproc.c
index cbed2f32caa6c4..5ac9cf16681645 100644
--- a/Modules/_ctypes/callproc.c
+++ b/Modules/_ctypes/callproc.c
@@ -105,6 +105,10 @@ module _ctypes
 #include "pycore_global_objects.h"// _Py_ID()
 #include "pycore_traceback.h"     // _PyTraceback_Add()
 
+#if defined(Py_HAVE_C_COMPLEX) && defined(Py_FFI_SUPPORT_C_COMPLEX)
+#include "../_complex.h"          // complex
+#endif
+
 #include "clinic/callproc.c.h"
 
 #define CTYPES_CAPSULE_NAME_PYMEM "_ctypes pymem"
@@ -651,6 +655,11 @@ union result {
     double d;
     float f;
     void *p;
+#if defined(Py_HAVE_C_COMPLEX) && defined(Py_FFI_SUPPORT_C_COMPLEX)
+    double complex C;
+    float complex E;
+    long double complex F;
+#endif
 };
 
 struct argument {
diff --git a/Modules/_ctypes/cfield.c b/Modules/_ctypes/cfield.c
index fa5213ca76d54f..3220852c8398e0 100644
--- a/Modules/_ctypes/cfield.c
+++ b/Modules/_ctypes/cfield.c
@@ -14,9 +14,19 @@
 #include <ffi.h>
 #include "ctypes.h"
 
+#if defined(Py_HAVE_C_COMPLEX) && defined(Py_FFI_SUPPORT_C_COMPLEX)
+#  include "../_complex.h"        // complex
+#endif
 
 #define CTYPES_CFIELD_CAPSULE_NAME_PYMEM "_ctypes/cfield.c pymem"
 
+/*[clinic input]
+module _ctypes
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=da39a3ee5e6b4b0d input=476a19c49b31a75c]*/
+
+#include "clinic/cfield.c.h"
+
 static void pymem_destructor(PyObject *ptr)
 {
     void *p = PyCapsule_GetPointer(ptr, CTYPES_CFIELD_CAPSULE_NAME_PYMEM);
@@ -30,266 +40,152 @@ static void pymem_destructor(PyObject *ptr)
 /*
   PyCField_Type
 */
-
-static inline
-Py_ssize_t round_down(Py_ssize_t numToRound, Py_ssize_t multiple)
-{
-    assert(numToRound >= 0);
-    assert(multiple >= 0);
-    if (multiple == 0)
-        return numToRound;
-    return (numToRound / multiple) * multiple;
-}
-
-static inline
-Py_ssize_t round_up(Py_ssize_t numToRound, Py_ssize_t multiple)
-{
-    assert(numToRound >= 0);
-    assert(multiple >= 0);
-    if (multiple == 0)
-        return numToRound;
-    return ((numToRound + multiple - 1) / multiple) * multiple;
-}
+/*[clinic input]
+class _ctypes.CField "PyObject *" "PyObject"
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=da39a3ee5e6b4b0d input=602817ea3ffc709c]*/
 
 static inline
 Py_ssize_t NUM_BITS(Py_ssize_t bitsize);
 static inline
 Py_ssize_t LOW_BIT(Py_ssize_t offset);
-static inline
-Py_ssize_t BUILD_SIZE(Py_ssize_t bitsize, Py_ssize_t offset);
-
-/* PyCField_FromDesc creates and returns a struct/union field descriptor.
-
-The function expects to be called repeatedly for all fields in a struct or
-union.  It uses helper functions PyCField_FromDesc_gcc and
-PyCField_FromDesc_msvc to simulate the corresponding compilers.
-
-GCC mode places fields one after another, bit by bit.  But "each bit field must
-fit within a single object of its specified type" (GCC manual, section 15.8
-"Bit Field Packing"). When it doesn't, we insert a few bits of padding to
-avoid that.
 
-MSVC mode works similar except for bitfield packing.  Adjacent bit-fields are
-packed into the same 1-, 2-, or 4-byte allocation unit if the integral types
-are the same size and if the next bit-field fits into the current allocation
-unit without crossing the boundary imposed by the common alignment requirements
-of the bit-fields.
 
-See https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/x86-Options.html#index-mms-bitfields for details.
+/*[clinic input]
+@classmethod
+_ctypes.CField.__new__ as PyCField_new
 
-We do not support zero length bitfields.  In fact we use bitsize != 0 elsewhere
-to indicate a bitfield. Here, non-bitfields need bitsize set to size*8.
+    name: object(subclass_of='&PyUnicode_Type')
+    type as proto: object
+    size: Py_ssize_t
+    offset: Py_ssize_t
+    index: Py_ssize_t
+    bit_size as bit_size_obj: object = None
 
-PyCField_FromDesc manages:
-- *psize: the size of the structure / union so far.
-- *poffset, *pbitofs: 8* (*poffset) + *pbitofs points to where the next field
-  would start.
-- *palign: the alignment requirements of the last field we placed.
-*/
-
-static int
-PyCField_FromDesc_gcc(Py_ssize_t bitsize, Py_ssize_t *pbitofs,
-                Py_ssize_t *psize, Py_ssize_t *poffset, Py_ssize_t *palign,
-                CFieldObject* self, StgInfo* info,
-                int is_bitfield
-                )
-{
-    // We don't use poffset here, so clear it, if it has been set.
-    *pbitofs += *poffset * 8;
-    *poffset = 0;
-
-    *palign = info->align;
-
-    if (bitsize > 0) {
-        // Determine whether the bit field, if placed at the next free bit,
-        // fits within a single object of its specified type.
-        // That is: determine a "slot", sized & aligned for the specified type,
-        // which contains the bitfield's beginning:
-        Py_ssize_t slot_start_bit = round_down(*pbitofs, 8 * info->align);
-        Py_ssize_t slot_end_bit = slot_start_bit + 8 * info->size;
-        // And see if it also contains the bitfield's last bit:
-        Py_ssize_t field_end_bit = *pbitofs + bitsize;
-        if (field_end_bit > slot_end_bit) {
-            // It doesn't: add padding (bump up to the next alignment boundary)
-            *pbitofs = round_up(*pbitofs, 8*info->align);
-        }
-    }
-    assert(*poffset == 0);
+[clinic start generated code]*/
 
-    self->offset = round_down(*pbitofs, 8*info->align) / 8;
-    if(is_bitfield) {
-        Py_ssize_t effective_bitsof = *pbitofs - 8 * self->offset;
-        self->size = BUILD_SIZE(bitsize, effective_bitsof);
-        assert(effective_bitsof <= info->size * 8);
-    } else {
-        self->size = info->size;
+static PyObject *
+PyCField_new_impl(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *name, PyObject *proto,
+                  Py_ssize_t size, Py_ssize_t offset, Py_ssize_t index,
+                  PyObject *bit_size_obj)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=43649ef9157c5f58 input=3d813f56373c4caa]*/
+{
+    CFieldObject* self = NULL;
+    if (size < 0) {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
+                     "size of field %R must not be negative, got %zd",
+                     name, size);
+        goto error;
     }
-
-    *pbitofs += bitsize;
-    *psize = round_up(*pbitofs, 8) / 8;
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static int
-PyCField_FromDesc_msvc(
-                Py_ssize_t *pfield_size, Py_ssize_t bitsize,
-                Py_ssize_t *pbitofs, Py_ssize_t *psize, Py_ssize_t *poffset,
-                Py_ssize_t *palign, int pack,
-                CFieldObject* self, StgInfo* info,
-                int is_bitfield
-                )
-{
-    if (pack) {
-        *palign = Py_MIN(pack, info->align);
-    } else {
-        *palign = info->align;
+    // assert: no overflow;
+    if ((unsigned long long int) size
+            >= (1ULL << (8*sizeof(Py_ssize_t)-1)) / 8) {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
+                     "size of field %R is too big: %zd", name, size);
+        goto error;
     }
 
-    // *poffset points to end of current bitfield.
-    // *pbitofs is generally non-positive,
-    // and 8 * (*poffset) + *pbitofs points just behind
-    // the end of the last field we placed.
-    if (0 < *pbitofs + bitsize || 8 * info->size != *pfield_size) {
-        // Close the previous bitfield (if any).
-        // and start a new bitfield:
-        *poffset = round_up(*poffset, *palign);
-
-        *poffset += info->size;
-
-        *pfield_size = info->size * 8;
-        // Reminder: 8 * (*poffset) + *pbitofs points to where we would start a
-        // new field.  Ie just behind where we placed the last field plus an
-        // allowance for alignment.
-        *pbitofs = - *pfield_size;
+    PyTypeObject *tp = type;
+    ctypes_state *st = get_module_state_by_class(tp);
+    self = (CFieldObject *)tp->tp_alloc(tp, 0);
+    if (!self) {
+        return NULL;
     }
-
-    assert(8 * info->size == *pfield_size);
-
-    self->offset = *poffset - (*pfield_size) / 8;
-    if(is_bitfield) {
-        assert(0 <= (*pfield_size + *pbitofs));
-        assert((*pfield_size + *pbitofs) < info->size * 8);
-        self->size = BUILD_SIZE(bitsize, *pfield_size + *pbitofs);
+    if (PyUnicode_CheckExact(name)) {
+        self->name = Py_NewRef(name);
     } else {
-        self->size = info->size;
+        self->name = PyObject_Str(name);
+        if (!self->name) {
+            goto error;
+        }
     }
-    assert(*pfield_size + *pbitofs <= info->size * 8);
-
-    *pbitofs += bitsize;
-    *psize = *poffset;
 
-    return 0;
-}
-
-PyObject *
-PyCField_FromDesc(ctypes_state *st, PyObject *desc, Py_ssize_t index,
-                Py_ssize_t *pfield_size, Py_ssize_t bitsize,
-                Py_ssize_t *pbitofs, Py_ssize_t *psize, Py_ssize_t *poffset, Py_ssize_t *palign,
-                int pack, int big_endian, LayoutMode layout_mode)
-{
-    PyTypeObject *tp = st->PyCField_Type;
-    CFieldObject* self = (CFieldObject *)tp->tp_alloc(tp, 0);
-    if (self == NULL) {
-        return NULL;
-    }
     StgInfo *info;
-    if (PyStgInfo_FromType(st, desc, &info) < 0) {
-        Py_DECREF(self);
-        return NULL;
+    if (PyStgInfo_FromType(st, proto, &info) < 0) {
+        goto error;
     }
-    if (!info) {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
-                        "has no _stginfo_");
-        Py_DECREF(self);
-        return NULL;
+    if (info == NULL) {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
+                     "type of field %R must be a C type", self->name);
+        goto error;
+    }
+
+    Py_ssize_t bit_size = NUM_BITS(size);
+    if (bit_size) {
+        assert(bit_size > 0);
+        assert(bit_size <= info->size * 8);
+        switch(info->ffi_type_pointer.type) {
+            case FFI_TYPE_UINT8:
+            case FFI_TYPE_UINT16:
+            case FFI_TYPE_UINT32:
+            case FFI_TYPE_SINT64:
+            case FFI_TYPE_UINT64:
+                break;
+
+            case FFI_TYPE_SINT8:
+            case FFI_TYPE_SINT16:
+            case FFI_TYPE_SINT32:
+                if (info->getfunc != _ctypes_get_fielddesc("c")->getfunc
+                    && info->getfunc != _ctypes_get_fielddesc("u")->getfunc)
+                {
+                    break;
+                }
+                _Py_FALLTHROUGH;  /* else fall through */
+            default:
+                PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
+                             "bit fields not allowed for type %s",
+                             ((PyTypeObject*)proto)->tp_name);
+                goto error;
+        }
     }
 
-    PyObject* proto = desc;
+    self->proto = Py_NewRef(proto);
+    self->size = size;
+    self->offset = offset;
 
-    /*  Field descriptors for 'c_char * n' are be scpecial cased to
+    self->index = index;
+
+    /*  Field descriptors for 'c_char * n' are be special cased to
         return a Python string instead of an Array object instance...
     */
-    SETFUNC setfunc = NULL;
-    GETFUNC getfunc = NULL;
+    self->setfunc = NULL;
+    self->getfunc = NULL;
     if (PyCArrayTypeObject_Check(st, proto)) {
         StgInfo *ainfo;
         if (PyStgInfo_FromType(st, proto, &ainfo) < 0) {
-            Py_DECREF(self);
-            return NULL;
+            goto error;
         }
 
         if (ainfo && ainfo->proto) {
             StgInfo *iinfo;
             if (PyStgInfo_FromType(st, ainfo->proto, &iinfo) < 0) {
-                Py_DECREF(self);
-                return NULL;
+                goto error;
             }
             if (!iinfo) {
                 PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
                                 "has no _stginfo_");
-                Py_DECREF(self);
-                return NULL;
+                goto error;
             }
             if (iinfo->getfunc == _ctypes_get_fielddesc("c")->getfunc) {
                 struct fielddesc *fd = _ctypes_get_fielddesc("s");
-                getfunc = fd->getfunc;
-                setfunc = fd->setfunc;
+                self->getfunc = fd->getfunc;
+                self->setfunc = fd->setfunc;
             }
             if (iinfo->getfunc == _ctypes_get_fielddesc("u")->getfunc) {
                 struct fielddesc *fd = _ctypes_get_fielddesc("U");
-                getfunc = fd->getfunc;
-                setfunc = fd->setfunc;
+                self->getfunc = fd->getfunc;
+                self->setfunc = fd->setfunc;
             }
         }
     }
 
-    self->setfunc = setfunc;
-    self->getfunc = getfunc;
-    self->index = index;
-
-    self->proto = Py_NewRef(proto);
-
-    int is_bitfield = !!bitsize;
-    if(!is_bitfield) {
-        assert(info->size >= 0);
-        // assert: no overflow;
-        assert((unsigned long long int) info->size
-            < (1ULL << (8*sizeof(Py_ssize_t)-1)) / 8);
-        bitsize = 8 * info->size;
-        // Caution: bitsize might still be 0 now.
-    }
-    assert(bitsize <= info->size * 8);
-
-    int result;
-    if (layout_mode == LAYOUT_MODE_MS) {
-        result = PyCField_FromDesc_msvc(
-                pfield_size, bitsize, pbitofs,
-                psize, poffset, palign,
-                pack,
-                self, info,
-                is_bitfield
-                );
-    } else {
-        assert(pack == 0);
-        result = PyCField_FromDesc_gcc(
-                bitsize, pbitofs,
-                psize, poffset, palign,
-                self, info,
-                is_bitfield
-                );
-    }
-    if (result < 0) {
-        Py_DECREF(self);
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    assert(!is_bitfield || (LOW_BIT(self->size) <= self->size * 8));
-    if(big_endian && is_bitfield) {
-        self->size = BUILD_SIZE(NUM_BITS(self->size), 8*info->size - LOW_BIT(self->size) - bitsize);
-    }
     return (PyObject *)self;
+error:
+    Py_XDECREF(self);
+    return NULL;
 }
 
+
 static int
 PyCField_set(CFieldObject *self, PyObject *inst, PyObject *value)
 {
@@ -368,8 +264,10 @@ PyCField_dealloc(PyObject *self)
 {
     PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(self);
     PyObject_GC_UnTrack(self);
-    (void)PyCField_clear((CFieldObject *)self);
-    Py_TYPE(self)->tp_free((PyObject *)self);
+    CFieldObject *self_cf = (CFieldObject *)self;
+    (void)PyCField_clear(self_cf);
+    Py_CLEAR(self_cf->name);
+    Py_TYPE(self)->tp_free(self);
     Py_DECREF(tp);
 }
 
@@ -395,6 +293,7 @@ PyCField_repr(CFieldObject *self)
 }
 
 static PyType_Slot cfield_slots[] = {
+    {Py_tp_new, PyCField_new},
     {Py_tp_dealloc, PyCField_dealloc},
     {Py_tp_repr, PyCField_repr},
     {Py_tp_doc, (void *)PyDoc_STR("Structure/Union member")},
@@ -410,7 +309,7 @@ PyType_Spec cfield_spec = {
     .name = "_ctypes.CField",
     .basicsize = sizeof(CFieldObject),
     .flags = (Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC |
-              Py_TPFLAGS_IMMUTABLETYPE | Py_TPFLAGS_DISALLOW_INSTANTIATION),
+              Py_TPFLAGS_IMMUTABLETYPE),
     .slots = cfield_slots,
 };
 
@@ -484,20 +383,6 @@ Py_ssize_t NUM_BITS(Py_ssize_t bitsize) {
     return bitsize >> 16;
 }
 
-static inline
-Py_ssize_t BUILD_SIZE(Py_ssize_t bitsize, Py_ssize_t offset) {
-    assert(0 <= offset);
-    assert(offset <= 0xFFFF);
-    // We don't support zero length bitfields.
-    // And GET_BITFIELD uses NUM_BITS(size)==0,
-    // to figure out whether we are handling a bitfield.
-    assert(0 < bitsize);
-    Py_ssize_t result = (bitsize << 16) + offset;
-    assert(bitsize == NUM_BITS(result));
-    assert(offset == LOW_BIT(result));
-    return result;
-}
-
 /* Doesn't work if NUM_BITS(size) == 0, but it never happens in SET() call. */
 #define BIT_MASK(type, size) (((((type)1 << (NUM_BITS(size) - 1)) - 1) << 1) + 1)
 
@@ -1087,6 +972,74 @@ d_get(void *ptr, Py_ssize_t size)
     return PyFloat_FromDouble(val);
 }
 
+#if defined(Py_HAVE_C_COMPLEX) && defined(Py_FFI_SUPPORT_C_COMPLEX)
+static PyObject *
+C_set(void *ptr, PyObject *value, Py_ssize_t size)
+{
+    Py_complex c = PyComplex_AsCComplex(value);
+
+    if (c.real == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    double complex x = CMPLX(c.real, c.imag);
+    memcpy(ptr, &x, sizeof(x));
+    _RET(value);
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+C_get(void *ptr, Py_ssize_t size)
+{
+    double complex x;
+
+    memcpy(&x, ptr, sizeof(x));
+    return PyComplex_FromDoubles(creal(x), cimag(x));
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+E_set(void *ptr, PyObject *value, Py_ssize_t size)
+{
+    Py_complex c = PyComplex_AsCComplex(value);
+
+    if (c.real == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    float complex x = CMPLXF((float)c.real, (float)c.imag);
+    memcpy(ptr, &x, sizeof(x));
+    _RET(value);
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+E_get(void *ptr, Py_ssize_t size)
+{
+    float complex x;
+
+    memcpy(&x, ptr, sizeof(x));
+    return PyComplex_FromDoubles(crealf(x), cimagf(x));
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+F_set(void *ptr, PyObject *value, Py_ssize_t size)
+{
+    Py_complex c = PyComplex_AsCComplex(value);
+
+    if (c.real == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    long double complex x = CMPLXL(c.real, c.imag);
+    memcpy(ptr, &x, sizeof(x));
+    _RET(value);
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+F_get(void *ptr, Py_ssize_t size)
+{
+    long double complex x;
+
+    memcpy(&x, ptr, sizeof(x));
+    return PyComplex_FromDoubles((double)creall(x), (double)cimagl(x));
+}
+#endif
+
 static PyObject *
 d_set_sw(void *ptr, PyObject *value, Py_ssize_t size)
 {
@@ -1592,6 +1545,11 @@ static struct fielddesc formattable[] = {
     { 'B', B_set, B_get, NULL},
     { 'c', c_set, c_get, NULL},
     { 'd', d_set, d_get, NULL, d_set_sw, d_get_sw},
+#if defined(Py_HAVE_C_COMPLEX) && defined(Py_FFI_SUPPORT_C_COMPLEX)
+    { 'C', C_set, C_get, NULL},
+    { 'E', E_set, E_get, NULL},
+    { 'F', F_set, F_get, NULL},
+#endif
     { 'g', g_set, g_get, NULL},
     { 'f', f_set, f_get, NULL, f_set_sw, f_get_sw},
     { 'h', h_set, h_get, NULL, h_set_sw, h_get_sw},
@@ -1642,6 +1600,11 @@ _ctypes_init_fielddesc(void)
         case 'B': fd->pffi_type = &ffi_type_uchar; break;
         case 'c': fd->pffi_type = &ffi_type_schar; break;
         case 'd': fd->pffi_type = &ffi_type_double; break;
+#if defined(Py_HAVE_C_COMPLEX) && defined(Py_FFI_SUPPORT_C_COMPLEX)
+        case 'C': fd->pffi_type = &ffi_type_complex_double; break;
+        case 'E': fd->pffi_type = &ffi_type_complex_float; break;
+        case 'F': fd->pffi_type = &ffi_type_complex_longdouble; break;
+#endif
         case 'g': fd->pffi_type = &ffi_type_longdouble; break;
         case 'f': fd->pffi_type = &ffi_type_float; break;
         case 'h': fd->pffi_type = &ffi_type_sshort; break;
diff --git a/Modules/_ctypes/clinic/cfield.c.h b/Modules/_ctypes/clinic/cfield.c.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..df5da783e050ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Modules/_ctypes/clinic/cfield.c.h
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+/*[clinic input]
+preserve
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+
+#if defined(Py_BUILD_CORE) && !defined(Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE)
+#  include "pycore_gc.h"          // PyGC_Head
+#  include "pycore_runtime.h"     // _Py_ID()
+#endif
+#include "pycore_abstract.h"      // _PyNumber_Index()
+#include "pycore_modsupport.h"    // _PyArg_UnpackKeywords()
+
+static PyObject *
+PyCField_new_impl(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *name, PyObject *proto,
+                  Py_ssize_t size, Py_ssize_t offset, Py_ssize_t index,
+                  PyObject *bit_size_obj);
+
+static PyObject *
+PyCField_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
+{
+    PyObject *return_value = NULL;
+    #if defined(Py_BUILD_CORE) && !defined(Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE)
+
+    #define NUM_KEYWORDS 6
+    static struct {
+        PyGC_Head _this_is_not_used;
+        PyObject_VAR_HEAD
+        PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
+    } _kwtuple = {
+        .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
+        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(name), &_Py_ID(type), &_Py_ID(size), &_Py_ID(offset), &_Py_ID(index), &_Py_ID(bit_size), },
+    };
+    #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
+    #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
+
+    #else  // !Py_BUILD_CORE
+    #  define KWTUPLE NULL
+    #endif  // !Py_BUILD_CORE
+
+    static const char * const _keywords[] = {"name", "type", "size", "offset", "index", "bit_size", NULL};
+    static _PyArg_Parser _parser = {
+        .keywords = _keywords,
+        .fname = "CField",
+        .kwtuple = KWTUPLE,
+    };
+    #undef KWTUPLE
+    PyObject *argsbuf[6];
+    PyObject * const *fastargs;
+    Py_ssize_t nargs = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(args);
+    Py_ssize_t noptargs = nargs + (kwargs ? PyDict_GET_SIZE(kwargs) : 0) - 5;
+    PyObject *name;
+    PyObject *proto;
+    Py_ssize_t size;
+    Py_ssize_t offset;
+    Py_ssize_t index;
+    PyObject *bit_size_obj = Py_None;
+
+    fastargs = _PyArg_UnpackKeywords(_PyTuple_CAST(args)->ob_item, nargs, kwargs, NULL, &_parser, 5, 6, 0, argsbuf);
+    if (!fastargs) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!PyUnicode_Check(fastargs[0])) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("CField", "argument 'name'", "str", fastargs[0]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    name = fastargs[0];
+    proto = fastargs[1];
+    {
+        Py_ssize_t ival = -1;
+        PyObject *iobj = _PyNumber_Index(fastargs[2]);
+        if (iobj != NULL) {
+            ival = PyLong_AsSsize_t(iobj);
+            Py_DECREF(iobj);
+        }
+        if (ival == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        size = ival;
+    }
+    {
+        Py_ssize_t ival = -1;
+        PyObject *iobj = _PyNumber_Index(fastargs[3]);
+        if (iobj != NULL) {
+            ival = PyLong_AsSsize_t(iobj);
+            Py_DECREF(iobj);
+        }
+        if (ival == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        offset = ival;
+    }
+    {
+        Py_ssize_t ival = -1;
+        PyObject *iobj = _PyNumber_Index(fastargs[4]);
+        if (iobj != NULL) {
+            ival = PyLong_AsSsize_t(iobj);
+            Py_DECREF(iobj);
+        }
+        if (ival == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        index = ival;
+    }
+    if (!noptargs) {
+        goto skip_optional_pos;
+    }
+    bit_size_obj = fastargs[5];
+skip_optional_pos:
+    return_value = PyCField_new_impl(type, name, proto, size, offset, index, bit_size_obj);
+
+exit:
+    return return_value;
+}
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=27c010bae9be7213 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff --git a/Modules/_ctypes/ctypes.h b/Modules/_ctypes/ctypes.h
index 2d711dabab6c77..7e0804054cded4 100644
--- a/Modules/_ctypes/ctypes.h
+++ b/Modules/_ctypes/ctypes.h
@@ -5,6 +5,10 @@
 #include "pycore_moduleobject.h"  // _PyModule_GetState()
 #include "pycore_typeobject.h"    // _PyType_GetModuleState()
 
+#if defined(Py_HAVE_C_COMPLEX) && defined(Py_FFI_SUPPORT_C_COMPLEX)
+#   include "../_complex.h"       // complex
+#endif
+
 #ifndef MS_WIN32
 #define max(a, b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
 #define min(a, b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
@@ -102,6 +106,7 @@ get_module_state_by_def(PyTypeObject *cls)
 }
 
 
+extern PyType_Spec pyctype_type_spec;
 extern PyType_Spec carg_spec;
 extern PyType_Spec cfield_spec;
 extern PyType_Spec cthunk_spec;
@@ -210,18 +215,6 @@ extern int PyObject_stginfo(PyObject *self, Py_ssize_t *psize, Py_ssize_t *palig
 
 extern struct fielddesc *_ctypes_get_fielddesc(const char *fmt);
 
-typedef enum {
-    LAYOUT_MODE_MS,
-    LAYOUT_MODE_GCC_SYSV,
-} LayoutMode;
-
-extern PyObject *
-PyCField_FromDesc(ctypes_state *st, PyObject *desc, Py_ssize_t index,
-                Py_ssize_t *pfield_size, Py_ssize_t bitsize,
-                Py_ssize_t *pbitofs, Py_ssize_t *psize, Py_ssize_t *poffset,
-                Py_ssize_t *palign,
-                int pack, int is_big_endian, LayoutMode layout_mode);
-
 extern PyObject *PyCData_AtAddress(ctypes_state *st, PyObject *type, void *buf);
 extern PyObject *PyCData_FromBytes(ctypes_state *st, PyObject *type, char *data, Py_ssize_t length);
 
@@ -253,16 +246,18 @@ struct fielddesc {
     GETFUNC getfunc_swapped;
 };
 
-typedef struct {
+typedef struct CFieldObject {
     PyObject_HEAD
     Py_ssize_t offset;
     Py_ssize_t size;
     Py_ssize_t index;                   /* Index into CDataObject's
                                        object array */
-    PyObject *proto;                    /* a type or NULL */
+    PyObject *proto;                    /* underlying ctype; must have StgInfo */
     GETFUNC getfunc;                    /* getter function if proto is NULL */
     SETFUNC setfunc;                    /* setter function if proto is NULL */
     int anonymous;
+
+    PyObject *name;                     /* exact PyUnicode */
 } CFieldObject;
 
 /****************************************************************
@@ -373,8 +368,6 @@ PyObject *_ctypes_callproc(ctypes_state *st,
 
 #define TYPEFLAG_ISPOINTER 0x100
 #define TYPEFLAG_HASPOINTER 0x200
-#define TYPEFLAG_HASUNION 0x400
-#define TYPEFLAG_HASBITFIELD 0x800
 
 #define DICTFLAG_FINAL 0x1000
 
@@ -393,6 +386,11 @@ struct tagPyCArgObject {
         double d;
         float f;
         void *p;
+#if defined(Py_HAVE_C_COMPLEX) && defined(Py_FFI_SUPPORT_C_COMPLEX)
+        double complex C;
+        float complex E;
+        long double complex F;
+#endif
     } value;
     PyObject *obj;
     Py_ssize_t size; /* for the 'V' tag */
@@ -425,10 +423,6 @@ extern void *_ctypes_alloc_closure(void);
 
 extern PyObject *PyCData_FromBaseObj(ctypes_state *st, PyObject *type,
                                      PyObject *base, Py_ssize_t index, char *adr);
-extern char *_ctypes_alloc_format_string(const char *prefix, const char *suffix);
-extern char *_ctypes_alloc_format_string_with_shape(int ndim,
-                                                const Py_ssize_t *shape,
-                                                const char *prefix, const char *suffix);
 
 extern int _ctypes_simple_instance(ctypes_state *st, PyObject *obj);
 
@@ -495,16 +489,23 @@ PyStgInfo_FromAny(ctypes_state *state, PyObject *obj, StgInfo **result)
 
 /* A variant of PyStgInfo_FromType that doesn't need the state,
  * so it can be called from finalization functions when the module
- * state is torn down. Does no checks; cannot fail.
- * This inlines the current implementation PyObject_GetTypeData,
- * so it might break in the future.
+ * state is torn down.
  */
 static inline StgInfo *
 _PyStgInfo_FromType_NoState(PyObject *type)
 {
-    size_t type_basicsize =_Py_SIZE_ROUND_UP(PyType_Type.tp_basicsize,
-                                             ALIGNOF_MAX_ALIGN_T);
-    return (StgInfo *)((char *)type + type_basicsize);
+    PyTypeObject *PyCType_Type;
+    if (PyType_GetBaseByToken(Py_TYPE(type), &pyctype_type_spec, &PyCType_Type) < 0) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if (PyCType_Type == NULL) {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "expected a ctypes type, got '%N'", type);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    StgInfo *info = PyObject_GetTypeData(type, PyCType_Type);
+    Py_DECREF(PyCType_Type);
+    return info;
 }
 
 // Initialize StgInfo on a newly created type
diff --git a/Modules/_ctypes/stgdict.c b/Modules/_ctypes/stgdict.c
index 52d8ec92380b30..5dbbe0b3285d58 100644
--- a/Modules/_ctypes/stgdict.c
+++ b/Modules/_ctypes/stgdict.c
@@ -210,29 +210,6 @@ MakeAnonFields(PyObject *type)
     return 0;
 }
 
-/*
-  Allocate a memory block for a pep3118 format string, copy prefix (if
-  non-null) into it and append `{padding}x` to the end.
-  Returns NULL on failure, with the error indicator set.
-*/
-char *
-_ctypes_alloc_format_padding(const char *prefix, Py_ssize_t padding)
-{
-    /* int64 decimal characters + x + null */
-    char buf[19 + 1 + 1];
-
-    assert(padding > 0);
-
-    if (padding == 1) {
-        /* Use x instead of 1x, for brevity */
-        return _ctypes_alloc_format_string(prefix, "x");
-    }
-
-    int ret = PyOS_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%zdx", padding); (void)ret;
-    assert(0 <= ret && ret < (Py_ssize_t)sizeof(buf));
-    return _ctypes_alloc_format_string(prefix, buf);
-}
-
 /*
   Retrieve the (optional) _pack_ attribute from a type, the _fields_ attribute,
   and initialize StgInfo.  Used for Structure and Union subclasses.
@@ -240,125 +217,35 @@ _ctypes_alloc_format_padding(const char *prefix, Py_ssize_t padding)
 int
 PyCStructUnionType_update_stginfo(PyObject *type, PyObject *fields, int isStruct)
 {
-    Py_ssize_t len, offset, size, align, i;
-    Py_ssize_t union_size, total_align, aligned_size;
-    Py_ssize_t field_size = 0;
-    Py_ssize_t bitofs = 0;
     PyObject *tmp;
-    int pack;
-    int forced_alignment = 1;
     Py_ssize_t ffi_ofs;
-    int big_endian;
     int arrays_seen = 0;
 
-    if (fields == NULL)
-        return 0;
-
-    int rc = PyObject_HasAttrWithError(type, &_Py_ID(_swappedbytes_));
-    if (rc < 0) {
-        return -1;
-    }
-    if (rc) {
-        big_endian = !PY_BIG_ENDIAN;
-    }
-    else {
-        big_endian = PY_BIG_ENDIAN;
-    }
-
-    if (PyObject_GetOptionalAttr(type, &_Py_ID(_pack_), &tmp) < 0) {
-        return -1;
-    }
-    if (tmp) {
-        pack = PyLong_AsInt(tmp);
-        Py_DECREF(tmp);
-        if (pack < 0) {
-            if (!PyErr_Occurred() ||
-                PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_TypeError) ||
-                PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_OverflowError))
-            {
-                PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
-                                "_pack_ must be a non-negative integer");
-            }
-            return -1;
-        }
-    }
-    else {
-        /* Setting `_pack_ = 0` amounts to using the default alignment */
-        pack = 0;
-    }
-
-    #ifdef MS_WIN32
-    LayoutMode layout_mode = LAYOUT_MODE_MS;
-    #else
-    LayoutMode layout_mode = (pack > 0) ? LAYOUT_MODE_MS : LAYOUT_MODE_GCC_SYSV;
-    #endif
-
-    if (PyObject_GetOptionalAttr(type, &_Py_ID(_layout_), &tmp) < 0) {
-        return -1;
-    }
-    if (tmp) {
-        if (!PyUnicode_Check(tmp)) {
-            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
-                            "_layout_ must be a string");
-            return -1;
-        }
-        if (PyUnicode_CompareWithASCIIString(tmp, "ms") == 0) {
-            layout_mode = LAYOUT_MODE_MS;
-        }
-        else if (PyUnicode_CompareWithASCIIString(tmp, "gcc-sysv") == 0) {
-            layout_mode = LAYOUT_MODE_GCC_SYSV;
-            if (pack > 0) {
-                PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
-                                "_pack_ is not compatible with _layout_=\"gcc-sysv\"");
-                return -1;
-            }
-        }
-        else {
-            PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
-                            "unknown _layout_ %R", tmp);
-            return -1;
-        }
-    }
-    if (PyObject_GetOptionalAttr(type, &_Py_ID(_align_), &tmp) < 0) {
-        return -1;
-    }
-    if (tmp) {
-        forced_alignment = PyLong_AsInt(tmp);
-        Py_DECREF(tmp);
-        if (forced_alignment < 0) {
-            if (!PyErr_Occurred() ||
-                PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_TypeError) ||
-                PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_OverflowError))
-            {
-                PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
-                                "_align_ must be a non-negative integer");
-            }
-            return -1;
-        }
-    }
-    else {
-        /* Setting `_align_ = 0` amounts to using the default alignment */
-        forced_alignment = 1;
-    }
+    int retval = -1;
+    // The following are NULL or hold strong references.
+    // They're cleared on error.
+    PyObject *layout_fields = NULL;
+    PyObject *layout = NULL;
+    PyObject *format_spec_obj = NULL;
 
-    len = PySequence_Size(fields);
-    if (len == -1) {
-        if (PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_TypeError)) {
-            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
-                            "'_fields_' must be a sequence of pairs");
-        }
-        return -1;
+    if (fields == NULL) {
+        return 0;
     }
 
     ctypes_state *st = get_module_state_by_def(Py_TYPE(type));
     StgInfo *stginfo;
     if (PyStgInfo_FromType(st, type, &stginfo) < 0) {
-        return -1;
+        goto error;
     }
     if (!stginfo) {
         PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
                         "ctypes state is not initialized");
-        return -1;
+        goto error;
+    }
+    PyObject *base = (PyObject *)((PyTypeObject *)type)->tp_base;
+    StgInfo *baseinfo;
+    if (PyStgInfo_FromType(st, base, &baseinfo) < 0) {
+        goto error;
     }
 
     /* If this structure/union is already marked final we cannot assign
@@ -367,40 +254,114 @@ PyCStructUnionType_update_stginfo(PyObject *type, PyObject *fields, int isStruct
     if (stginfo->flags & DICTFLAG_FINAL) {/* is final ? */
         PyErr_SetString(PyExc_AttributeError,
                         "_fields_ is final");
-        return -1;
+        goto error;
+    }
+
+    PyObject *layout_func = _PyImport_GetModuleAttrString("ctypes._layout",
+                                                          "get_layout");
+    if (!layout_func) {
+        goto error;
+    }
+    PyObject *kwnames = PyTuple_Pack(
+        2,
+        &_Py_ID(is_struct),
+        &_Py_ID(base));
+    if (!kwnames) {
+        goto error;
+    }
+    layout = PyObject_Vectorcall(
+        layout_func,
+        1 + (PyObject*[]){
+            NULL,
+            /* positional args */
+            type,
+            fields,
+            /* keyword args */
+            isStruct ? Py_True : Py_False,
+            baseinfo ? base : Py_None},
+        2 | PY_VECTORCALL_ARGUMENTS_OFFSET,
+        kwnames);
+    Py_DECREF(kwnames);
+    Py_DECREF(layout_func);
+    fields = NULL; // a borrowed reference we won't be using again
+    if (!layout) {
+        goto error;
+    }
+
+    tmp = PyObject_GetAttr(layout, &_Py_ID(align));
+    if (!tmp) {
+        goto error;
+    }
+    Py_ssize_t total_align = PyLong_AsInt(tmp);
+    Py_DECREF(tmp);
+    if (total_align < 0) {
+        if (!PyErr_Occurred()) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                            "align must be a non-negative integer");
+        }
+        goto error;
+    }
+
+    tmp = PyObject_GetAttr(layout, &_Py_ID(size));
+    if (!tmp) {
+        goto error;
+    }
+    Py_ssize_t total_size = PyLong_AsInt(tmp);
+    Py_DECREF(tmp);
+    if (total_size < 0) {
+        if (!PyErr_Occurred()) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                            "size must be a non-negative integer");
+        }
+        goto error;
+    }
+
+    format_spec_obj = PyObject_GetAttr(layout, &_Py_ID(format_spec));
+    if (!format_spec_obj) {
+        goto error;
+    }
+    Py_ssize_t format_spec_size;
+    const char *format_spec = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(format_spec_obj,
+                                                      &format_spec_size);
+    if (!format_spec) {
+        goto error;
     }
 
     if (stginfo->format) {
         PyMem_Free(stginfo->format);
         stginfo->format = NULL;
     }
+    stginfo->format = PyMem_Malloc(format_spec_size + 1);
+    if (!stginfo->format) {
+        PyErr_NoMemory();
+        goto error;
+    }
+    memcpy(stginfo->format, format_spec, format_spec_size + 1);
 
-    if (stginfo->ffi_type_pointer.elements)
-        PyMem_Free(stginfo->ffi_type_pointer.elements);
-
-    StgInfo *baseinfo;
-    if (PyStgInfo_FromType(st, (PyObject *)((PyTypeObject *)type)->tp_base,
-                           &baseinfo) < 0) {
-        return -1;
+    PyObject *layout_fields_obj = PyObject_GetAttr(layout, &_Py_ID(fields));
+    if (!layout_fields_obj) {
+        goto error;
     }
-    if (baseinfo) {
-        stginfo->flags |= (baseinfo->flags &
-                           (TYPEFLAG_HASUNION | TYPEFLAG_HASBITFIELD));
+    layout_fields = PySequence_Tuple(layout_fields_obj);
+    Py_DECREF(layout_fields_obj);
+    if (!layout_fields) {
+        goto error;
     }
-    if (!isStruct) {
-        stginfo->flags |= TYPEFLAG_HASUNION;
+    Py_CLEAR(layout);
+
+    Py_ssize_t len = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(layout_fields);
+
+    if (stginfo->ffi_type_pointer.elements) {
+        PyMem_Free(stginfo->ffi_type_pointer.elements);
+        stginfo->ffi_type_pointer.elements = NULL;
     }
+
     if (baseinfo) {
-        size = offset = baseinfo->size;
-        align = baseinfo->align;
-        union_size = 0;
-        total_align = align ? align : 1;
-        total_align = max(total_align, forced_alignment);
         stginfo->ffi_type_pointer.type = FFI_TYPE_STRUCT;
         stginfo->ffi_type_pointer.elements = PyMem_New(ffi_type *, baseinfo->length + len + 1);
         if (stginfo->ffi_type_pointer.elements == NULL) {
             PyErr_NoMemory();
-            return -1;
+            goto error;
         }
         memset(stginfo->ffi_type_pointer.elements, 0,
                sizeof(ffi_type *) * (baseinfo->length + len + 1));
@@ -411,237 +372,68 @@ PyCStructUnionType_update_stginfo(PyObject *type, PyObject *fields, int isStruct
         }
         ffi_ofs = baseinfo->length;
     } else {
-        offset = 0;
-        size = 0;
-        align = 0;
-        union_size = 0;
-        total_align = forced_alignment;
         stginfo->ffi_type_pointer.type = FFI_TYPE_STRUCT;
         stginfo->ffi_type_pointer.elements = PyMem_New(ffi_type *, len + 1);
         if (stginfo->ffi_type_pointer.elements == NULL) {
             PyErr_NoMemory();
-            return -1;
+            goto error;
         }
         memset(stginfo->ffi_type_pointer.elements, 0,
                sizeof(ffi_type *) * (len + 1));
         ffi_ofs = 0;
     }
 
-    assert(stginfo->format == NULL);
-    if (isStruct) {
-        stginfo->format = _ctypes_alloc_format_string(NULL, "T{");
-    } else {
-        /* PEP3118 doesn't support union. Use 'B' for bytes. */
-        stginfo->format = _ctypes_alloc_format_string(NULL, "B");
-    }
-    if (stginfo->format == NULL)
-        return -1;
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+        PyObject *prop_obj = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(layout_fields, i);
+        assert(prop_obj);
+        if (!PyType_IsSubtype(Py_TYPE(prop_obj), st->PyCField_Type)) {
+            PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
+                         "fields must be of type CField, got %T", prop_obj);
+            goto error;
 
-    for (i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
-        PyObject *name = NULL, *desc = NULL;
-        PyObject *pair = PySequence_GetItem(fields, i);
-        PyObject *prop;
-        Py_ssize_t bitsize = 0;
+        }
+        CFieldObject *prop = (CFieldObject *)prop_obj; // borrow from prop_obj
 
-        if (!pair || !PyArg_ParseTuple(pair, "UO|n", &name, &desc, &bitsize)) {
-            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
-                            "'_fields_' must be a sequence of (name, C type) pairs");
-            Py_XDECREF(pair);
-            return -1;
+        if (prop->index != i) {
+            PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
+                         "field %R index mismatch (expected %zd, got %zd)",
+                         prop->name, i, prop->index);
+            goto error;
         }
-        if (PyCArrayTypeObject_Check(st, desc)) {
+
+        if (PyCArrayTypeObject_Check(st, prop->proto)) {
             arrays_seen = 1;
         }
 
         StgInfo *info;
-        if (PyStgInfo_FromType(st, desc, &info) < 0) {
-            Py_DECREF(pair);
-            return -1;
-        }
-        if (info == NULL) {
-            Py_DECREF(pair);
-            PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
-                         "second item in _fields_ tuple (index %zd) must be a C type",
-                         i);
-            return -1;
+        if (PyStgInfo_FromType(st, prop->proto, &info) < 0) {
+            goto error;
         }
+        assert(info);
 
         stginfo->ffi_type_pointer.elements[ffi_ofs + i] = &info->ffi_type_pointer;
         if (info->flags & (TYPEFLAG_ISPOINTER | TYPEFLAG_HASPOINTER))
             stginfo->flags |= TYPEFLAG_HASPOINTER;
-        stginfo->flags |= info->flags & (TYPEFLAG_HASUNION | TYPEFLAG_HASBITFIELD);
         info->flags |= DICTFLAG_FINAL; /* mark field type final */
-        if (PyTuple_Size(pair) == 3) { /* bits specified */
-            stginfo->flags |= TYPEFLAG_HASBITFIELD;
-            switch(info->ffi_type_pointer.type) {
-            case FFI_TYPE_UINT8:
-            case FFI_TYPE_UINT16:
-            case FFI_TYPE_UINT32:
-            case FFI_TYPE_SINT64:
-            case FFI_TYPE_UINT64:
-                break;
-
-            case FFI_TYPE_SINT8:
-            case FFI_TYPE_SINT16:
-            case FFI_TYPE_SINT32:
-                if (info->getfunc != _ctypes_get_fielddesc("c")->getfunc
-                    && info->getfunc != _ctypes_get_fielddesc("u")->getfunc
-                    )
-                    break;
-                /* else fall through */
-            default:
-                PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
-                             "bit fields not allowed for type %s",
-                             ((PyTypeObject *)desc)->tp_name);
-                Py_DECREF(pair);
-                return -1;
-            }
-            if (bitsize <= 0 || bitsize > info->size * 8) {
-                PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
-                                "number of bits invalid for bit field %R",
-                                name);
-                Py_DECREF(pair);
-                return -1;
-            }
-        } else
-            bitsize = 0;
-
-        if (isStruct) {
-            const char *fieldfmt = info->format ? info->format : "B";
-            const char *fieldname = PyUnicode_AsUTF8(name);
-            char *ptr;
-            Py_ssize_t len;
-            char *buf;
-            Py_ssize_t last_size = size;
-            Py_ssize_t padding;
-
-            if (fieldname == NULL)
-            {
-                Py_DECREF(pair);
-                return -1;
-            }
-
-            /* construct the field now, as `prop->offset` is `offset` with
-               corrected alignment */
-            prop = PyCField_FromDesc(st, desc, i,
-                                   &field_size, bitsize, &bitofs,
-                                   &size, &offset, &align,
-                                   pack, big_endian, layout_mode);
-            if (prop == NULL) {
-                Py_DECREF(pair);
-                return -1;
-            }
-
-            /* number of bytes between the end of the last field and the start
-               of this one */
-            padding = ((CFieldObject *)prop)->offset - last_size;
-
-            if (padding > 0) {
-                ptr = stginfo->format;
-                stginfo->format = _ctypes_alloc_format_padding(ptr, padding);
-                PyMem_Free(ptr);
-                if (stginfo->format == NULL) {
-                    Py_DECREF(pair);
-                    Py_DECREF(prop);
-                    return -1;
-                }
-            }
 
-            len = strlen(fieldname) + strlen(fieldfmt);
-
-            buf = PyMem_Malloc(len + 2 + 1);
-            if (buf == NULL) {
-                Py_DECREF(pair);
-                Py_DECREF(prop);
-                PyErr_NoMemory();
-                return -1;
-            }
-            sprintf(buf, "%s:%s:", fieldfmt, fieldname);
-
-            ptr = stginfo->format;
-            if (info->shape != NULL) {
-                stginfo->format = _ctypes_alloc_format_string_with_shape(
-                    info->ndim, info->shape, stginfo->format, buf);
-            } else {
-                stginfo->format = _ctypes_alloc_format_string(stginfo->format, buf);
-            }
-            PyMem_Free(ptr);
-            PyMem_Free(buf);
-
-            if (stginfo->format == NULL) {
-                Py_DECREF(pair);
-                Py_DECREF(prop);
-                return -1;
-            }
-        } else /* union */ {
-            field_size = 0;
-            size = 0;
-            bitofs = 0;
-            offset = 0;
-            align = 0;
-            prop = PyCField_FromDesc(st, desc, i,
-                                   &field_size, bitsize, &bitofs,
-                                   &size, &offset, &align,
-                                   pack, big_endian, layout_mode);
-            if (prop == NULL) {
-                Py_DECREF(pair);
-                return -1;
-            }
-            union_size = max(size, union_size);
-        }
-        total_align = max(align, total_align);
-
-        if (-1 == PyObject_SetAttr(type, name, prop)) {
-            Py_DECREF(prop);
-            Py_DECREF(pair);
-            return -1;
+        if (-1 == PyObject_SetAttr(type, prop->name, prop_obj)) {
+            goto error;
         }
-        Py_DECREF(pair);
-        Py_DECREF(prop);
-    }
-
-    if (!isStruct) {
-        size = union_size;
-    }
-
-    /* Adjust the size according to the alignment requirements */
-    aligned_size = ((size + total_align - 1) / total_align) * total_align;
-
-    if (isStruct) {
-        char *ptr;
-        Py_ssize_t padding;
-
-        /* Pad up to the full size of the struct */
-        padding = aligned_size - size;
-        if (padding > 0) {
-            ptr = stginfo->format;
-            stginfo->format = _ctypes_alloc_format_padding(ptr, padding);
-            PyMem_Free(ptr);
-            if (stginfo->format == NULL) {
-                return -1;
-            }
-        }
-
-        ptr = stginfo->format;
-        stginfo->format = _ctypes_alloc_format_string(stginfo->format, "}");
-        PyMem_Free(ptr);
-        if (stginfo->format == NULL)
-            return -1;
     }
 
     stginfo->ffi_type_pointer.alignment = Py_SAFE_DOWNCAST(total_align,
                                                            Py_ssize_t,
                                                            unsigned short);
-    stginfo->ffi_type_pointer.size = aligned_size;
+    stginfo->ffi_type_pointer.size = total_size;
 
-    stginfo->size = aligned_size;
+    stginfo->size = total_size;
     stginfo->align = total_align;
     stginfo->length = ffi_ofs + len;
 
 /*
  * The value of MAX_STRUCT_SIZE depends on the platform Python is running on.
  */
-#if defined(__aarch64__) || defined(__arm__) || defined(_M_ARM64)
+#if defined(__aarch64__) || defined(__arm__) || defined(_M_ARM64) || defined(__sparc__)
 #  define MAX_STRUCT_SIZE 32
 #elif defined(__powerpc64__)
 #  define MAX_STRUCT_SIZE 64
@@ -649,7 +441,7 @@ PyCStructUnionType_update_stginfo(PyObject *type, PyObject *fields, int isStruct
 #  define MAX_STRUCT_SIZE 16
 #endif
 
-    if (arrays_seen && (size <= MAX_STRUCT_SIZE)) {
+    if (arrays_seen && (total_size <= MAX_STRUCT_SIZE)) {
         /*
          * See bpo-22273 and gh-110190. Arrays are normally treated as
          * pointers, which is fine when an array name is being passed as
@@ -724,35 +516,19 @@ PyCStructUnionType_update_stginfo(PyObject *type, PyObject *fields, int isStruct
         Py_ssize_t struct_index = 0; /* index into dummy structs */
 
         /* first pass to see how much memory to allocate */
-        for (i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
-            PyObject *name, *desc;
-            PyObject *pair = PySequence_GetItem(fields, i);
-            int bitsize = 0;
-
-            if (pair == NULL) {
-                return -1;
-            }
-            if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(pair, "UO|i", &name, &desc, &bitsize)) {
-                PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
-                    "'_fields_' must be a sequence of (name, C type) pairs");
-                Py_DECREF(pair);
-                return -1;
-            }
+        for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+            PyObject *prop_obj = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(layout_fields, i); // borrowed
+            assert(prop_obj);
+            assert(PyType_IsSubtype(Py_TYPE(prop_obj), st->PyCField_Type));
+            CFieldObject *prop = (CFieldObject *)prop_obj; // borrowed
 
             StgInfo *info;
-            if (PyStgInfo_FromType(st, desc, &info) < 0) {
-                Py_DECREF(pair);
-                return -1;
-            }
-            if (info == NULL) {
-                Py_DECREF(pair);
-                PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
-                    "second item in _fields_ tuple (index %zd) must be a C type",
-                    i);
-                return -1;
+            if (PyStgInfo_FromType(st, prop->proto, &info) < 0) {
+                goto error;
             }
+            assert(info);
 
-            if (!PyCArrayTypeObject_Check(st, desc)) {
+            if (!PyCArrayTypeObject_Check(st, prop->proto)) {
                 /* Not an array. Just need an ffi_type pointer. */
                 num_ffi_type_pointers++;
             }
@@ -762,15 +538,13 @@ PyCStructUnionType_update_stginfo(PyObject *type, PyObject *fields, int isStruct
 
                 StgInfo *einfo;
                 if (PyStgInfo_FromType(st, info->proto, &einfo) < 0) {
-                    Py_DECREF(pair);
-                    return -1;
+                    goto error;
                 }
                 if (einfo == NULL) {
-                    Py_DECREF(pair);
                     PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
                         "second item in _fields_ tuple (index %zd) must be a C type",
                         i);
-                    return -1;
+                    goto error;
                 }
                 /*
                  * We need one extra ffi_type to hold the struct, and one
@@ -780,7 +554,6 @@ PyCStructUnionType_update_stginfo(PyObject *type, PyObject *fields, int isStruct
                 num_ffi_types++;
                 num_ffi_type_pointers += length + 1;
             }
-            Py_DECREF(pair);
         }
 
         /*
@@ -797,7 +570,7 @@ PyCStructUnionType_update_stginfo(PyObject *type, PyObject *fields, int isStruct
 
         if (type_block == NULL) {
             PyErr_NoMemory();
-            return -1;
+            goto error;
         }
         /*
          * the first block takes up ffi_ofs + len + 1 which is the pointers *
@@ -821,48 +594,21 @@ PyCStructUnionType_update_stginfo(PyObject *type, PyObject *fields, int isStruct
         element_index = ffi_ofs;
 
         /* second pass to actually set the type pointers */
-        for (i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
-            PyObject *name, *desc;
-            PyObject *pair = PySequence_GetItem(fields, i);
-            int bitsize = 0;
-
-            if (pair == NULL) {
-                PyMem_Free(type_block);
-                return -1;
-            }
-            /* In theory, we made this call in the first pass, so it *shouldn't*
-             * fail. However, you never know, and the code above might change
-             * later - keeping the check in here is a tad defensive but it
-             * will affect program size only slightly and performance hardly at
-             * all.
-             */
-            if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(pair, "UO|i", &name, &desc, &bitsize)) {
-                PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
-                                "'_fields_' must be a sequence of (name, C type) pairs");
-                Py_DECREF(pair);
-                PyMem_Free(type_block);
-                return -1;
-            }
+        for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+            PyObject *prop_obj = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(layout_fields, i); // borrowed
+            assert(prop_obj);
+            assert(PyType_IsSubtype(Py_TYPE(prop_obj), st->PyCField_Type));
+            CFieldObject *prop = (CFieldObject *)prop_obj; // borrowed
 
             StgInfo *info;
-            if (PyStgInfo_FromType(st, desc, &info) < 0) {
-                Py_DECREF(pair);
-                PyMem_Free(type_block);
-                return -1;
-            }
-
-            /* Possibly this check could be avoided, but see above comment. */
-            if (info == NULL) {
-                Py_DECREF(pair);
+            if (PyStgInfo_FromType(st, prop->proto, &info) < 0) {
                 PyMem_Free(type_block);
-                PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
-                             "second item in _fields_ tuple (index %zd) must be a C type",
-                             i);
-                return -1;
+                goto error;
             }
+            assert(info);
 
             assert(element_index < (ffi_ofs + len)); /* will be used below */
-            if (!PyCArrayTypeObject_Check(st, desc)) {
+            if (!PyCArrayTypeObject_Check(st, prop->proto)) {
                 /* Not an array. Just copy over the element ffi_type. */
                 element_types[element_index++] = &info->ffi_type_pointer;
             }
@@ -870,17 +616,15 @@ PyCStructUnionType_update_stginfo(PyObject *type, PyObject *fields, int isStruct
                 Py_ssize_t length = info->length;
                 StgInfo *einfo;
                 if (PyStgInfo_FromType(st, info->proto, &einfo) < 0) {
-                    Py_DECREF(pair);
                     PyMem_Free(type_block);
-                    return -1;
+                    goto error;
                 }
                 if (einfo == NULL) {
-                    Py_DECREF(pair);
                     PyMem_Free(type_block);
                     PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
                                  "second item in _fields_ tuple (index %zd) must be a C type",
                                  i);
-                    return -1;
+                    goto error;
                 }
                 element_types[element_index++] = &structs[struct_index];
                 structs[struct_index].size = length * einfo->ffi_type_pointer.size;
@@ -897,7 +641,6 @@ PyCStructUnionType_update_stginfo(PyObject *type, PyObject *fields, int isStruct
                 assert(dummy_index < (num_ffi_type_pointers));
                 dummy_types[dummy_index++] = NULL;
             }
-            Py_DECREF(pair);
         }
 
         element_types[element_index] = NULL;
@@ -915,9 +658,14 @@ PyCStructUnionType_update_stginfo(PyObject *type, PyObject *fields, int isStruct
     if (stginfo->flags & DICTFLAG_FINAL) {
         PyErr_SetString(PyExc_AttributeError,
                         "Structure or union cannot contain itself");
-        return -1;
+        goto error;
     }
     stginfo->flags |= DICTFLAG_FINAL;
 
-    return MakeAnonFields(type);
+    retval = MakeAnonFields(type);
+error:
+    Py_XDECREF(layout_fields);
+    Py_XDECREF(layout);
+    Py_XDECREF(format_spec_obj);
+    return retval;
 }
diff --git a/Modules/_curses_panel.c b/Modules/_curses_panel.c
index 125c72dbbe7712..bbbb62c9066df0 100644
--- a/Modules/_curses_panel.c
+++ b/Modules/_curses_panel.c
@@ -19,7 +19,13 @@ static const char PyCursesVersion[] = "2.1";
 
 #include "py_curses.h"
 
-#include <panel.h>
+#if defined(HAVE_NCURSESW_PANEL_H)
+#  include <ncursesw/panel.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_NCURSES_PANEL_H)
+#  include <ncurses/panel.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_PANEL_H)
+#  include <panel.h>
+#endif
 
 typedef struct {
     PyObject *PyCursesError;
diff --git a/Modules/_cursesmodule.c b/Modules/_cursesmodule.c
index 3a011963968b1a..27d5df08de933e 100644
--- a/Modules/_cursesmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/_cursesmodule.c
@@ -105,8 +105,9 @@ static const char PyCursesVersion[] = "2.2";
 #endif
 
 #include "Python.h"
-#include "pycore_long.h"          // _PyLong_GetZero()
-#include "pycore_structseq.h"     // _PyStructSequence_NewType()
+#include "pycore_capsule.h"     // _PyCapsule_SetTraverse()
+#include "pycore_long.h"        // _PyLong_GetZero()
+#include "pycore_structseq.h"   // _PyStructSequence_NewType()
 
 #ifdef __hpux
 #define STRICT_SYSV_CURSES
@@ -128,7 +129,7 @@ static const char PyCursesVersion[] = "2.2";
 #include <langinfo.h>
 #endif
 
-#if !defined(HAVE_NCURSES_H) && (defined(sgi) || defined(__sun) || defined(SCO5))
+#if !defined(NCURSES_VERSION) && (defined(sgi) || defined(__sun) || defined(SCO5))
 #define STRICT_SYSV_CURSES       /* Don't use ncurses extensions */
 typedef chtype attr_t;           /* No attr_t type is available */
 #endif
@@ -159,65 +160,165 @@ typedef chtype attr_t;           /* No attr_t type is available */
 #define _CURSES_PAIR_CONTENT_FUNC       pair_content
 #endif  /* _NCURSES_EXTENDED_COLOR_FUNCS */
 
+typedef struct {
+    PyObject *error;                // curses exception type
+    PyTypeObject *window_type;      // exposed by PyCursesWindow_Type
+} cursesmodule_state;
+
+static inline cursesmodule_state *
+get_cursesmodule_state(PyObject *module)
+{
+    void *state = PyModule_GetState(module);
+    assert(state != NULL);
+    return (cursesmodule_state *)state;
+}
+
+static inline cursesmodule_state *
+get_cursesmodule_state_by_cls(PyTypeObject *cls)
+{
+    void *state = PyType_GetModuleState(cls);
+    assert(state != NULL);
+    return (cursesmodule_state *)state;
+}
+
+static inline cursesmodule_state *
+get_cursesmodule_state_by_win(PyCursesWindowObject *win)
+{
+    return get_cursesmodule_state_by_cls(Py_TYPE(win));
+}
+
 /*[clinic input]
 module _curses
-class _curses.window "PyCursesWindowObject *" "&PyCursesWindow_Type"
+class _curses.window "PyCursesWindowObject *" "clinic_state()->window_type"
 [clinic start generated code]*/
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=da39a3ee5e6b4b0d input=43265c372c2887d6]*/
-
-/* Definition of exception curses.error */
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=da39a3ee5e6b4b0d input=ae6cb623018f2cbc]*/
 
-static PyObject *PyCursesError;
+/* Indicate whether the module has already been loaded or not. */
+static int curses_module_loaded = 0;
 
 /* Tells whether setupterm() has been called to initialise terminfo.  */
-static int initialised_setupterm = FALSE;
+static int curses_setupterm_called = FALSE;
 
 /* Tells whether initscr() has been called to initialise curses.  */
-static int initialised = FALSE;
+static int curses_initscr_called = FALSE;
 
 /* Tells whether start_color() has been called to initialise color usage. */
-static int initialisedcolors = FALSE;
+static int curses_start_color_called = FALSE;
 
-static char *screen_encoding = NULL;
+static const char *curses_screen_encoding = NULL;
 
-/* Utility Macros */
-#define PyCursesSetupTermCalled                                         \
-    if (initialised_setupterm != TRUE) {                                \
-        PyErr_SetString(PyCursesError,                                  \
-                        "must call (at least) setupterm() first");      \
-        return 0; }
+/* Utility Checking Procedures */
+
+/*
+ * Function to check that 'funcname' has been called by testing
+ * the 'called' boolean. If an error occurs, a PyCursesError is
+ * set and this returns 0. Otherwise, this returns 1.
+ *
+ * Since this function can be called in functions that do not
+ * have a direct access to the module's state, '_curses.error'
+ * is imported on demand.
+ */
+static inline int
+_PyCursesCheckFunction(int called, const char *funcname)
+{
+    if (called == TRUE) {
+        return 1;
+    }
+    PyObject *exc = _PyImport_GetModuleAttrString("_curses", "error");
+    if (exc != NULL) {
+        PyErr_Format(exc, "must call %s() first", funcname);
+        Py_DECREF(exc);
+    }
+    assert(PyErr_Occurred());
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Function to check that 'funcname' has been called by testing
+ * the 'called'' boolean. If an error occurs, a PyCursesError is
+ * set and this returns 0. Otherwise this returns 1.
+ *
+ * The exception type is obtained from the 'module' state.
+ */
+static inline int
+_PyCursesStatefulCheckFunction(PyObject *module, int called, const char *funcname)
+{
+    if (called == TRUE) {
+        return 1;
+    }
+    cursesmodule_state *state = get_cursesmodule_state(module);
+    PyErr_Format(state->error, "must call %s() first", funcname);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+#define PyCursesStatefulSetupTermCalled(MODULE)                         \
+    do {                                                                \
+        if (!_PyCursesStatefulCheckFunction(MODULE,                     \
+                                            curses_setupterm_called,    \
+                                            "setupterm"))               \
+        {                                                               \
+            return 0;                                                   \
+        }                                                               \
+    } while (0)
 
-#define PyCursesInitialised                             \
-    if (initialised != TRUE) {                          \
-        PyErr_SetString(PyCursesError,                  \
-                        "must call initscr() first");   \
-        return 0; }
+#define PyCursesStatefulInitialised(MODULE)                         \
+    do {                                                            \
+        if (!_PyCursesStatefulCheckFunction(MODULE,                 \
+                                            curses_initscr_called,  \
+                                            "initscr"))             \
+        {                                                           \
+            return 0;                                               \
+        }                                                           \
+    } while (0)
 
-#define PyCursesInitialisedColor                                \
-    if (initialisedcolors != TRUE) {                            \
-        PyErr_SetString(PyCursesError,                          \
-                        "must call start_color() first");       \
-        return 0; }
+#define PyCursesStatefulInitialisedColor(MODULE)                        \
+    do {                                                                \
+        if (!_PyCursesStatefulCheckFunction(MODULE,                     \
+                                            curses_start_color_called,  \
+                                            "start_color"))             \
+        {                                                               \
+            return 0;                                                   \
+        }                                                               \
+    } while (0)
 
 /* Utility Functions */
 
+static inline void
+_PyCursesSetError(cursesmodule_state *state, const char *funcname)
+{
+    if (funcname == NULL) {
+        PyErr_SetString(state->error, catchall_ERR);
+    }
+    else {
+        PyErr_Format(state->error, "%s() returned ERR", funcname);
+    }
+}
+
 /*
  * Check the return code from a curses function and return None
- * or raise an exception as appropriate.  These are exported using the
- * capsule API.
+ * or raise an exception as appropriate.
  */
 
 static PyObject *
-PyCursesCheckERR(int code, const char *fname)
+PyCursesCheckERR(PyObject *module, int code, const char *fname)
 {
     if (code != ERR) {
         Py_RETURN_NONE;
     } else {
-        if (fname == NULL) {
-            PyErr_SetString(PyCursesError, catchall_ERR);
-        } else {
-            PyErr_Format(PyCursesError, "%s() returned ERR", fname);
-        }
+        cursesmodule_state *state = get_cursesmodule_state(module);
+        _PyCursesSetError(state, fname);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+PyCursesCheckERR_ForWin(PyCursesWindowObject *win, int code, const char *fname)
+{
+    if (code != ERR) {
+        Py_RETURN_NONE;
+    } else {
+        cursesmodule_state *state = get_cursesmodule_state_by_win(win);
+        _PyCursesSetError(state, fname);
         return NULL;
     }
 }
@@ -258,7 +359,7 @@ PyCurses_ConvertToChtype(PyCursesWindowObject *win, PyObject *obj, chtype *ch)
             if (win)
                 encoding = win->encoding;
             else
-                encoding = screen_encoding;
+                encoding = curses_screen_encoding;
             bytes = PyUnicode_AsEncodedString(obj, encoding, NULL);
             if (bytes == NULL)
                 return 0;
@@ -541,35 +642,10 @@ class component_converter(CConverter):
 [python start generated code]*/
 /*[python end generated code: output=da39a3ee5e6b4b0d input=38e9be01d33927fb]*/
 
-/* Function versions of the 3 functions for testing whether curses has been
-   initialised or not. */
-
-static int func_PyCursesSetupTermCalled(void)
-{
-    PyCursesSetupTermCalled;
-    return 1;
-}
-
-static int func_PyCursesInitialised(void)
-{
-    PyCursesInitialised;
-    return 1;
-}
-
-static int func_PyCursesInitialisedColor(void)
-{
-    PyCursesInitialisedColor;
-    return 1;
-}
-
 /*****************************************************************************
  The Window Object
 ******************************************************************************/
 
-/* Definition of the window type */
-
-PyTypeObject PyCursesWindow_Type;
-
 /* Function prototype macros for Window object
 
    X - function name
@@ -581,7 +657,7 @@ PyTypeObject PyCursesWindow_Type;
 #define Window_NoArgNoReturnFunction(X)                         \
     static PyObject *PyCursesWindow_ ## X                       \
     (PyCursesWindowObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))  \
-    { return PyCursesCheckERR(X(self->win), # X); }
+    { return PyCursesCheckERR_ForWin(self, X(self->win), # X); }
 
 #define Window_NoArgTrueFalseFunction(X)                                \
     static PyObject * PyCursesWindow_ ## X                              \
@@ -616,7 +692,7 @@ PyTypeObject PyCursesWindow_Type;
     {                                                                   \
         TYPE arg1;                                                      \
         if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args,PARSESTR, &arg1)) return NULL;       \
-        return PyCursesCheckERR(X(self->win, arg1), # X); }
+        return PyCursesCheckERR_ForWin(self, X(self->win, arg1), # X); }
 
 #define Window_TwoArgNoReturnFunction(X, TYPE, PARSESTR)                \
     static PyObject * PyCursesWindow_ ## X                              \
@@ -624,7 +700,7 @@ PyTypeObject PyCursesWindow_Type;
     {                                                                   \
         TYPE arg1, arg2;                                                \
         if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args,PARSESTR, &arg1, &arg2)) return NULL; \
-        return PyCursesCheckERR(X(self->win, arg1, arg2), # X); }
+        return PyCursesCheckERR_ForWin(self, X(self->win, arg1, arg2), # X); }
 
 /* ------------- WINDOW routines --------------- */
 
@@ -679,10 +755,9 @@ Window_TwoArgNoReturnFunction(wresize, int, "ii;lines,columns")
 /* Allocation and deallocation of Window Objects */
 
 static PyObject *
-PyCursesWindow_New(WINDOW *win, const char *encoding)
+PyCursesWindow_New(cursesmodule_state *state,
+                   WINDOW *win, const char *encoding)
 {
-    PyCursesWindowObject *wo;
-
     if (encoding == NULL) {
 #if defined(MS_WINDOWS)
         char *buffer[100];
@@ -694,15 +769,20 @@ PyCursesWindow_New(WINDOW *win, const char *encoding)
         }
 #elif defined(CODESET)
         const char *codeset = nl_langinfo(CODESET);
-        if (codeset != NULL && codeset[0] != 0)
+        if (codeset != NULL && codeset[0] != 0) {
             encoding = codeset;
+        }
 #endif
-        if (encoding == NULL)
+        if (encoding == NULL) {
             encoding = "utf-8";
+        }
     }
 
-    wo = PyObject_New(PyCursesWindowObject, &PyCursesWindow_Type);
-    if (wo == NULL) return NULL;
+    PyCursesWindowObject *wo = PyObject_GC_New(PyCursesWindowObject,
+                                               state->window_type);
+    if (wo == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
     wo->win = win;
     wo->encoding = _PyMem_Strdup(encoding);
     if (wo->encoding == NULL) {
@@ -710,16 +790,32 @@ PyCursesWindow_New(WINDOW *win, const char *encoding)
         PyErr_NoMemory();
         return NULL;
     }
+    PyObject_GC_Track((PyObject *)wo);
     return (PyObject *)wo;
 }
 
 static void
-PyCursesWindow_Dealloc(PyCursesWindowObject *wo)
+PyCursesWindow_dealloc(PyObject *self)
 {
-    if (wo->win != stdscr) delwin(wo->win);
-    if (wo->encoding != NULL)
+    PyTypeObject *window_type = Py_TYPE(self);
+    PyObject_GC_UnTrack(self);
+    PyCursesWindowObject *wo = (PyCursesWindowObject *)self;
+    if (wo->win != stdscr && wo->win != NULL) {
+        // silently ignore errors in delwin(3)
+        (void)delwin(wo->win);
+    }
+    if (wo->encoding != NULL) {
         PyMem_Free(wo->encoding);
-    PyObject_Free(wo);
+    }
+    window_type->tp_free(self);
+    Py_DECREF(window_type);
+}
+
+static int
+PyCursesWindow_traverse(PyObject *self, visitproc visit, void *arg)
+{
+    Py_VISIT(Py_TYPE(self));
+    return 0;
 }
 
 /* Addch, Addstr, Addnstr */
@@ -794,7 +890,7 @@ _curses_window_addch_impl(PyCursesWindowObject *self, int group_left_1,
     else {
         return NULL;
     }
-    return PyCursesCheckERR(rtn, funcname);
+    return PyCursesCheckERR_ForWin(self, rtn, funcname);
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
@@ -874,7 +970,7 @@ _curses_window_addstr_impl(PyCursesWindowObject *self, int group_left_1,
     }
     if (use_attr)
         (void)wattrset(self->win,attr_old);
-    return PyCursesCheckERR(rtn, funcname);
+    return PyCursesCheckERR_ForWin(self, rtn, funcname);
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
@@ -957,7 +1053,7 @@ _curses_window_addnstr_impl(PyCursesWindowObject *self, int group_left_1,
     }
     if (use_attr)
         (void)wattrset(self->win,attr_old);
-    return PyCursesCheckERR(rtn, funcname);
+    return PyCursesCheckERR_ForWin(self, rtn, funcname);
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
@@ -981,7 +1077,7 @@ _curses_window_bkgd_impl(PyCursesWindowObject *self, PyObject *ch, long attr)
     if (!PyCurses_ConvertToChtype(self, ch, &bkgd))
         return NULL;
 
-    return PyCursesCheckERR(wbkgd(self->win, bkgd | attr), "bkgd");
+    return PyCursesCheckERR_ForWin(self, wbkgd(self->win, bkgd | attr), "bkgd");
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
@@ -997,7 +1093,7 @@ static PyObject *
 _curses_window_attroff_impl(PyCursesWindowObject *self, long attr)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=8a2fcd4df682fc64 input=786beedf06a7befe]*/
 {
-    return PyCursesCheckERR(wattroff(self->win, (attr_t)attr), "attroff");
+    return PyCursesCheckERR_ForWin(self, wattroff(self->win, (attr_t)attr), "attroff");
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
@@ -1013,7 +1109,7 @@ static PyObject *
 _curses_window_attron_impl(PyCursesWindowObject *self, long attr)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=7afea43b237fa870 input=5a88fba7b1524f32]*/
 {
-    return PyCursesCheckERR(wattron(self->win, (attr_t)attr), "attron");
+    return PyCursesCheckERR_ForWin(self, wattron(self->win, (attr_t)attr), "attron");
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
@@ -1029,7 +1125,7 @@ static PyObject *
 _curses_window_attrset_impl(PyCursesWindowObject *self, long attr)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=84e379bff20c0433 input=42e400c0d0154ab5]*/
 {
-    return PyCursesCheckERR(wattrset(self->win, (attr_t)attr), "attrset");
+    return PyCursesCheckERR_ForWin(self, wattrset(self->win, (attr_t)attr), "attrset");
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
@@ -1055,7 +1151,7 @@ _curses_window_bkgdset_impl(PyCursesWindowObject *self, PyObject *ch,
         return NULL;
 
     wbkgdset(self->win, bkgd | attr);
-    return PyCursesCheckERR(0, "bkgdset");
+    return PyCursesCheckERR_ForWin(self, 0, "bkgdset");
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
@@ -1255,7 +1351,7 @@ PyCursesWindow_ChgAt(PyCursesWindowObject *self, PyObject *args)
         rtn = wchgat(self->win,num,attr,color,NULL);
         touchline(self->win,y,1);
     }
-    return PyCursesCheckERR(rtn, "chgat");
+    return PyCursesCheckERR_ForWin(self, rtn, "chgat");
 }
 #endif
 
@@ -1279,10 +1375,10 @@ _curses_window_delch_impl(PyCursesWindowObject *self, int group_right_1,
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=22e77bb9fa11b461 input=d2f79e630a4fc6d0]*/
 {
     if (!group_right_1) {
-        return PyCursesCheckERR(wdelch(self->win), "wdelch");
+        return PyCursesCheckERR_ForWin(self, wdelch(self->win), "wdelch");
     }
     else {
-        return PyCursesCheckERR(py_mvwdelch(self->win, y, x), "mvwdelch");
+        return PyCursesCheckERR_ForWin(self, py_mvwdelch(self->win, y, x), "mvwdelch");
     }
 }
 
@@ -1318,11 +1414,13 @@ _curses_window_derwin_impl(PyCursesWindowObject *self, int group_left_1,
     win = derwin(self->win,nlines,ncols,begin_y,begin_x);
 
     if (win == NULL) {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyCursesError, catchall_NULL);
+        cursesmodule_state *state = get_cursesmodule_state_by_win(self);
+        PyErr_SetString(state->error, catchall_NULL);
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    return (PyObject *)PyCursesWindow_New(win, NULL);
+    cursesmodule_state *state = get_cursesmodule_state_by_win(self);
+    return PyCursesWindow_New(state, win, NULL);
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
@@ -1350,13 +1448,15 @@ _curses_window_echochar_impl(PyCursesWindowObject *self, PyObject *ch,
 
 #ifdef py_is_pad
     if (py_is_pad(self->win)) {
-        return PyCursesCheckERR(pechochar(self->win, ch_ | (attr_t)attr),
-                                "echochar");
+        return PyCursesCheckERR_ForWin(self,
+                                       pechochar(self->win, ch_ | (attr_t)attr),
+                                       "echochar");
     }
     else
 #endif
-        return PyCursesCheckERR(wechochar(self->win, ch_ | (attr_t)attr),
-                                "echochar");
+        return PyCursesCheckERR_ForWin(self,
+                                       wechochar(self->win, ch_ | (attr_t)attr),
+                                       "echochar");
 }
 
 #ifdef NCURSES_MOUSE_VERSION
@@ -1467,8 +1567,10 @@ _curses_window_getkey_impl(PyCursesWindowObject *self, int group_right_1,
     if (rtn == ERR) {
         /* getch() returns ERR in nodelay mode */
         PyErr_CheckSignals();
-        if (!PyErr_Occurred())
-            PyErr_SetString(PyCursesError, "no input");
+        if (!PyErr_Occurred()) {
+            cursesmodule_state *state = get_cursesmodule_state_by_win(self);
+            PyErr_SetString(state->error, "no input");
+        }
         return NULL;
     } else if (rtn <= 255) {
 #ifdef NCURSES_VERSION_MAJOR
@@ -1526,7 +1628,8 @@ _curses_window_get_wch_impl(PyCursesWindowObject *self, int group_right_1,
             return NULL;
 
         /* get_wch() returns ERR in nodelay mode */
-        PyErr_SetString(PyCursesError, "no input");
+        cursesmodule_state *state = get_cursesmodule_state_by_win(self);
+        PyErr_SetString(state->error, "no input");
         return NULL;
     }
     if (ct == KEY_CODE_YES)
@@ -1650,10 +1753,10 @@ _curses_window_hline_impl(PyCursesWindowObject *self, int group_left_1,
         return NULL;
     if (group_left_1) {
         if (wmove(self->win, y, x) == ERR) {
-            return PyCursesCheckERR(ERR, "wmove");
+            return PyCursesCheckERR_ForWin(self, ERR, "wmove");
         }
     }
-    return PyCursesCheckERR(whline(self->win, ch_ | (attr_t)attr, n), "hline");
+    return PyCursesCheckERR_ForWin(self, whline(self->win, ch_ | (attr_t)attr, n), "hline");
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
@@ -1700,7 +1803,7 @@ _curses_window_insch_impl(PyCursesWindowObject *self, int group_left_1,
         rtn = mvwinsch(self->win, y, x, ch_ | (attr_t)attr);
     }
 
-    return PyCursesCheckERR(rtn, "insch");
+    return PyCursesCheckERR_ForWin(self, rtn, "insch");
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
@@ -1877,7 +1980,7 @@ _curses_window_insstr_impl(PyCursesWindowObject *self, int group_left_1,
     }
     if (use_attr)
         (void)wattrset(self->win,attr_old);
-    return PyCursesCheckERR(rtn, funcname);
+    return PyCursesCheckERR_ForWin(self, rtn, funcname);
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
@@ -1962,7 +2065,7 @@ _curses_window_insnstr_impl(PyCursesWindowObject *self, int group_left_1,
     }
     if (use_attr)
         (void)wattrset(self->win,attr_old);
-    return PyCursesCheckERR(rtn, funcname);
+    return PyCursesCheckERR_ForWin(self, rtn, funcname);
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
@@ -2039,7 +2142,8 @@ _curses_window_noutrefresh_impl(PyCursesWindowObject *self)
 #ifdef py_is_pad
     if (py_is_pad(self->win)) {
         if (!group_right_1) {
-            PyErr_SetString(PyCursesError,
+            cursesmodule_state *state = get_cursesmodule_state_by_win(self);
+            PyErr_SetString(state->error,
                             "noutrefresh() called for a pad "
                             "requires 6 arguments");
             return NULL;
@@ -2048,7 +2152,7 @@ _curses_window_noutrefresh_impl(PyCursesWindowObject *self)
         rtn = pnoutrefresh(self->win, pminrow, pmincol,
                            sminrow, smincol, smaxrow, smaxcol);
         Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
-        return PyCursesCheckERR(rtn, "pnoutrefresh");
+        return PyCursesCheckERR_ForWin(self, rtn, "pnoutrefresh");
     }
     if (group_right_1) {
         PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
@@ -2059,13 +2163,13 @@ _curses_window_noutrefresh_impl(PyCursesWindowObject *self)
     Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
     rtn = wnoutrefresh(self->win);
     Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
-    return PyCursesCheckERR(rtn, "wnoutrefresh");
+    return PyCursesCheckERR_ForWin(self, rtn, "wnoutrefresh");
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
 _curses.window.overlay
 
-    destwin: object(type="PyCursesWindowObject *", subclass_of="&PyCursesWindow_Type")
+    destwin: object(type="PyCursesWindowObject *", subclass_of="clinic_state()->window_type")
 
     [
     sminrow: int
@@ -2094,25 +2198,25 @@ _curses_window_overlay_impl(PyCursesWindowObject *self,
                             PyCursesWindowObject *destwin, int group_right_1,
                             int sminrow, int smincol, int dminrow,
                             int dmincol, int dmaxrow, int dmaxcol)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=82bb2c4cb443ca58 input=7edd23ad22cc1984]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=82bb2c4cb443ca58 input=6e4b32a7c627a356]*/
 {
     int rtn;
 
     if (group_right_1) {
         rtn = copywin(self->win, destwin->win, sminrow, smincol,
                       dminrow, dmincol, dmaxrow, dmaxcol, TRUE);
-        return PyCursesCheckERR(rtn, "copywin");
+        return PyCursesCheckERR_ForWin(self, rtn, "copywin");
     }
     else {
         rtn = overlay(self->win, destwin->win);
-        return PyCursesCheckERR(rtn, "overlay");
+        return PyCursesCheckERR_ForWin(self, rtn, "overlay");
     }
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
 _curses.window.overwrite
 
-    destwin: object(type="PyCursesWindowObject *", subclass_of="&PyCursesWindow_Type")
+    destwin: object(type="PyCursesWindowObject *", subclass_of="clinic_state()->window_type")
 
     [
     sminrow: int
@@ -2142,18 +2246,18 @@ _curses_window_overwrite_impl(PyCursesWindowObject *self,
                               int group_right_1, int sminrow, int smincol,
                               int dminrow, int dmincol, int dmaxrow,
                               int dmaxcol)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=12ae007d1681be28 input=ea5de1b35cd948e0]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=12ae007d1681be28 input=d83dd8b24ff2bcc9]*/
 {
     int rtn;
 
     if (group_right_1) {
         rtn = copywin(self->win, destwin->win, sminrow, smincol,
                       dminrow, dmincol, dmaxrow, dmaxcol, FALSE);
-        return PyCursesCheckERR(rtn, "copywin");
+        return PyCursesCheckERR_ForWin(self, rtn, "copywin");
     }
     else {
         rtn = overwrite(self->win, destwin->win);
-        return PyCursesCheckERR(rtn, "overwrite");
+        return PyCursesCheckERR_ForWin(self, rtn, "overwrite");
     }
 }
 
@@ -2182,7 +2286,7 @@ _curses_window_putwin(PyCursesWindowObject *self, PyObject *file)
         return PyErr_SetFromErrno(PyExc_OSError);
     if (_Py_set_inheritable(fileno(fp), 0, NULL) < 0)
         goto exit;
-    res = PyCursesCheckERR(putwin(self->win, fp), "putwin");
+    res = PyCursesCheckERR_ForWin(self, putwin(self->win, fp), "putwin");
     if (res == NULL)
         goto exit;
     fseek(fp, 0, 0);
@@ -2221,7 +2325,7 @@ static PyObject *
 _curses_window_redrawln_impl(PyCursesWindowObject *self, int beg, int num)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=ea216e334f9ce1b4 input=152155e258a77a7a]*/
 {
-    return PyCursesCheckERR(wredrawln(self->win,beg,num), "redrawln");
+    return PyCursesCheckERR_ForWin(self, wredrawln(self->win,beg,num), "redrawln");
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
@@ -2263,7 +2367,8 @@ _curses_window_refresh_impl(PyCursesWindowObject *self, int group_right_1,
 #ifdef py_is_pad
     if (py_is_pad(self->win)) {
         if (!group_right_1) {
-            PyErr_SetString(PyCursesError,
+            cursesmodule_state *state = get_cursesmodule_state_by_win(self);
+            PyErr_SetString(state->error,
                             "refresh() for a pad requires 6 arguments");
             return NULL;
         }
@@ -2271,7 +2376,7 @@ _curses_window_refresh_impl(PyCursesWindowObject *self, int group_right_1,
         rtn = prefresh(self->win, pminrow, pmincol,
                        sminrow, smincol, smaxrow, smaxcol);
         Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
-        return PyCursesCheckERR(rtn, "prefresh");
+        return PyCursesCheckERR_ForWin(self, rtn, "prefresh");
     }
 #endif
     if (group_right_1) {
@@ -2282,7 +2387,7 @@ _curses_window_refresh_impl(PyCursesWindowObject *self, int group_right_1,
     Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
     rtn = wrefresh(self->win);
     Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
-    return PyCursesCheckERR(rtn, "prefresh");
+    return PyCursesCheckERR_ForWin(self, rtn, "prefresh");
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
@@ -2304,7 +2409,7 @@ _curses_window_setscrreg_impl(PyCursesWindowObject *self, int top,
                               int bottom)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=486ab5db218d2b1a input=1b517b986838bf0e]*/
 {
-    return PyCursesCheckERR(wsetscrreg(self->win, top, bottom), "wsetscrreg");
+    return PyCursesCheckERR_ForWin(self, wsetscrreg(self->win, top, bottom), "wsetscrreg");
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
@@ -2345,11 +2450,13 @@ _curses_window_subwin_impl(PyCursesWindowObject *self, int group_left_1,
         win = subwin(self->win, nlines, ncols, begin_y, begin_x);
 
     if (win == NULL) {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyCursesError, catchall_NULL);
+        cursesmodule_state *state = get_cursesmodule_state_by_win(self);
+        PyErr_SetString(state->error, catchall_NULL);
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    return (PyObject *)PyCursesWindow_New(win, self->encoding);
+    cursesmodule_state *state = get_cursesmodule_state_by_win(self);
+    return PyCursesWindow_New(state, win, self->encoding);
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
@@ -2372,10 +2479,10 @@ _curses_window_scroll_impl(PyCursesWindowObject *self, int group_right_1,
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=4541a8a11852d360 input=c969ca0cfabbdbec]*/
 {
     if (!group_right_1) {
-        return PyCursesCheckERR(scroll(self->win), "scroll");
+        return PyCursesCheckERR_ForWin(self, scroll(self->win), "scroll");
     }
     else {
-        return PyCursesCheckERR(wscrl(self->win, lines), "scroll");
+        return PyCursesCheckERR_ForWin(self, wscrl(self->win, lines), "scroll");
     }
 }
 
@@ -2401,10 +2508,10 @@ _curses_window_touchline_impl(PyCursesWindowObject *self, int start,
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=65d05b3f7438c61d input=a98aa4f79b6be845]*/
 {
     if (!group_right_1) {
-        return PyCursesCheckERR(touchline(self->win, start, count), "touchline");
+        return PyCursesCheckERR_ForWin(self, touchline(self->win, start, count), "touchline");
     }
     else {
-        return PyCursesCheckERR(wtouchln(self->win, start, count, changed), "touchline");
+        return PyCursesCheckERR_ForWin(self, wtouchln(self->win, start, count, changed), "touchline");
     }
 }
 
@@ -2444,9 +2551,9 @@ _curses_window_vline_impl(PyCursesWindowObject *self, int group_left_1,
         return NULL;
     if (group_left_1) {
         if (wmove(self->win, y, x) == ERR)
-            return PyCursesCheckERR(ERR, "wmove");
+            return PyCursesCheckERR_ForWin(self, ERR, "wmove");
     }
-    return PyCursesCheckERR(wvline(self->win, ch_ | (attr_t)attr, n), "vline");
+    return PyCursesCheckERR_ForWin(self, wvline(self->win, ch_ | (attr_t)attr, n), "vline");
 }
 
 static PyObject *
@@ -2487,9 +2594,11 @@ PyCursesWindow_set_encoding(PyCursesWindowObject *self, PyObject *value, void *P
     return 0;
 }
 
+#define clinic_state()  (get_cursesmodule_state_by_cls(Py_TYPE(self)))
 #include "clinic/_cursesmodule.c.h"
+#undef clinic_state
 
-static PyMethodDef PyCursesWindow_Methods[] = {
+static PyMethodDef PyCursesWindow_methods[] = {
     _CURSES_WINDOW_ADDCH_METHODDEF
     _CURSES_WINDOW_ADDNSTR_METHODDEF
     _CURSES_WINDOW_ADDSTR_METHODDEF
@@ -2583,43 +2692,28 @@ static PyGetSetDef PyCursesWindow_getsets[] = {
     {NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL }  /* sentinel */
 };
 
-/* -------------------------------------------------------*/
+static PyType_Slot PyCursesWindow_Type_slots[] = {
+    {Py_tp_methods, PyCursesWindow_methods},
+    {Py_tp_getset, PyCursesWindow_getsets},
+    {Py_tp_dealloc, PyCursesWindow_dealloc},
+    {Py_tp_traverse, PyCursesWindow_traverse},
+    {0, NULL}
+};
 
-PyTypeObject PyCursesWindow_Type = {
-    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0)
-    "_curses.window",           /*tp_name*/
-    sizeof(PyCursesWindowObject),       /*tp_basicsize*/
-    0,                          /*tp_itemsize*/
-    /* methods */
-    (destructor)PyCursesWindow_Dealloc, /*tp_dealloc*/
-    0,                          /*tp_vectorcall_offset*/
-    (getattrfunc)0,             /*tp_getattr*/
-    (setattrfunc)0,             /*tp_setattr*/
-    0,                          /*tp_as_async*/
-    0,                          /*tp_repr*/
-    0,                          /*tp_as_number*/
-    0,                          /*tp_as_sequence*/
-    0,                          /*tp_as_mapping*/
-    0,                          /*tp_hash*/
-    0,                          /*tp_call*/
-    0,                          /*tp_str*/
-    0,                          /*tp_getattro*/
-    0,                          /*tp_setattro*/
-    0,                          /*tp_as_buffer*/
-    Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT,         /*tp_flags*/
-    0,                          /*tp_doc*/
-    0,                          /*tp_traverse*/
-    0,                          /*tp_clear*/
-    0,                          /*tp_richcompare*/
-    0,                          /*tp_weaklistoffset*/
-    0,                          /*tp_iter*/
-    0,                          /*tp_iternext*/
-    PyCursesWindow_Methods,     /*tp_methods*/
-    0,                          /* tp_members */
-    PyCursesWindow_getsets,     /* tp_getset */
+static PyType_Spec PyCursesWindow_Type_spec = {
+    .name = "_curses.window",
+    .basicsize =  sizeof(PyCursesWindowObject),
+    .flags = Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT
+        | Py_TPFLAGS_DISALLOW_INSTANTIATION
+        | Py_TPFLAGS_IMMUTABLETYPE
+        | Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE
+        | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC,
+    .slots = PyCursesWindow_Type_slots
 };
 
-/* Function Prototype Macros - They are ugly but very, very useful. ;-)
+/* -------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+/* Function Body Macros - They are ugly but very, very useful. ;-)
 
    X - function name
    TYPE - parameter Type
@@ -2629,37 +2723,37 @@ PyTypeObject PyCursesWindow_Type = {
 
 #define NoArgNoReturnFunctionBody(X) \
 { \
-  PyCursesInitialised \
-  return PyCursesCheckERR(X(), # X); }
+  PyCursesStatefulInitialised(module); \
+  return PyCursesCheckERR(module, X(), # X); }
 
 #define NoArgOrFlagNoReturnFunctionBody(X, flag) \
 { \
-    PyCursesInitialised \
+    PyCursesStatefulInitialised(module); \
     if (flag) \
-        return PyCursesCheckERR(X(), # X); \
+        return PyCursesCheckERR(module, X(), # X); \
     else \
-        return PyCursesCheckERR(no ## X(), # X); \
+        return PyCursesCheckERR(module, no ## X(), # X); \
 }
 
 #define NoArgReturnIntFunctionBody(X) \
 { \
- PyCursesInitialised \
+ PyCursesStatefulInitialised(module); \
  return PyLong_FromLong((long) X()); }
 
 
 #define NoArgReturnStringFunctionBody(X) \
 { \
-  PyCursesInitialised \
+  PyCursesStatefulInitialised(module); \
   return PyBytes_FromString(X()); }
 
 #define NoArgTrueFalseFunctionBody(X) \
 { \
-  PyCursesInitialised \
+  PyCursesStatefulInitialised(module); \
   return PyBool_FromLong(X()); }
 
 #define NoArgNoReturnVoidFunctionBody(X) \
 { \
-  PyCursesInitialised \
+  PyCursesStatefulInitialised(module); \
   X(); \
   Py_RETURN_NONE; }
 
@@ -2757,12 +2851,13 @@ _curses_color_content_impl(PyObject *module, int color_number)
 {
     _CURSES_COLOR_VAL_TYPE r,g,b;
 
-    PyCursesInitialised;
-    PyCursesInitialisedColor;
+    PyCursesStatefulInitialised(module);
+    PyCursesStatefulInitialisedColor(module);
 
     if (_COLOR_CONTENT_FUNC(color_number, &r, &g, &b) == ERR) {
-        PyErr_Format(PyCursesError, "%s() returned ERR",
-                        Py_STRINGIFY(_COLOR_CONTENT_FUNC));
+        cursesmodule_state *state = get_cursesmodule_state(module);
+        PyErr_Format(state->error, "%s() returned ERR",
+                     Py_STRINGIFY(_COLOR_CONTENT_FUNC));
         return NULL;
     }
 
@@ -2786,8 +2881,8 @@ static PyObject *
 _curses_color_pair_impl(PyObject *module, int pair_number)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=60718abb10ce9feb input=6034e9146f343802]*/
 {
-    PyCursesInitialised;
-    PyCursesInitialisedColor;
+    PyCursesStatefulInitialised(module);
+    PyCursesStatefulInitialisedColor(module);
 
     return  PyLong_FromLong(COLOR_PAIR(pair_number));
 }
@@ -2813,10 +2908,10 @@ _curses_curs_set_impl(PyObject *module, int visibility)
 {
     int erg;
 
-    PyCursesInitialised;
+    PyCursesStatefulInitialised(module);
 
     erg = curs_set(visibility);
-    if (erg == ERR) return PyCursesCheckERR(erg, "curs_set");
+    if (erg == ERR) return PyCursesCheckERR(module, erg, "curs_set");
 
     return PyLong_FromLong((long) erg);
 }
@@ -2865,9 +2960,9 @@ static PyObject *
 _curses_delay_output_impl(PyObject *module, int ms)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=b6613a67f17fa4f4 input=5316457f5f59196c]*/
 {
-    PyCursesInitialised;
+    PyCursesStatefulInitialised(module);
 
-    return PyCursesCheckERR(delay_output(ms), "delay_output");
+    return PyCursesCheckERR(module, delay_output(ms), "delay_output");
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
@@ -2921,7 +3016,7 @@ _curses_erasechar_impl(PyObject *module)
 {
     char ch;
 
-    PyCursesInitialised;
+    PyCursesStatefulInitialised(module);
 
     ch = erasechar();
 
@@ -2971,7 +3066,7 @@ _curses_getsyx_impl(PyObject *module)
     int x = 0;
     int y = 0;
 
-    PyCursesInitialised;
+    PyCursesStatefulInitialised(module);
 
     getsyx(y, x);
 
@@ -2996,11 +3091,12 @@ _curses_getmouse_impl(PyObject *module)
     int rtn;
     MEVENT event;
 
-    PyCursesInitialised;
+    PyCursesStatefulInitialised(module);
 
     rtn = getmouse( &event );
     if (rtn == ERR) {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyCursesError, "getmouse() returned ERR");
+        cursesmodule_state *state = get_cursesmodule_state(module);
+        PyErr_SetString(state->error, "getmouse() returned ERR");
         return NULL;
     }
     return Py_BuildValue("(hiiik)",
@@ -3031,14 +3127,14 @@ _curses_ungetmouse_impl(PyObject *module, short id, int x, int y, int z,
 {
     MEVENT event;
 
-    PyCursesInitialised;
+    PyCursesStatefulInitialised(module);
 
     event.id = id;
     event.x = x;
     event.y = y;
     event.z = z;
     event.bstate = bstate;
-    return PyCursesCheckERR(ungetmouse(&event), "ungetmouse");
+    return PyCursesCheckERR(module, ungetmouse(&event), "ungetmouse");
 }
 #endif
 
@@ -3064,7 +3160,7 @@ _curses_getwin(PyObject *module, PyObject *file)
     WINDOW *win;
     PyObject *res = NULL;
 
-    PyCursesInitialised;
+    PyCursesStatefulInitialised(module);
 
     fp = tmpfile();
     if (fp == NULL)
@@ -3094,10 +3190,12 @@ _curses_getwin(PyObject *module, PyObject *file)
     fseek(fp, 0, 0);
     win = getwin(fp);
     if (win == NULL) {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyCursesError, catchall_NULL);
+        cursesmodule_state *state = get_cursesmodule_state(module);
+        PyErr_SetString(state->error, catchall_NULL);
         goto error;
     }
-    res = PyCursesWindow_New(win, NULL);
+    cursesmodule_state *state = get_cursesmodule_state(module);
+    res = PyCursesWindow_New(state, win, NULL);
 
 error:
     fclose(fp);
@@ -3120,9 +3218,9 @@ static PyObject *
 _curses_halfdelay_impl(PyObject *module, unsigned char tenths)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=e92cdf0ef33c0663 input=e42dce7259c15100]*/
 {
-    PyCursesInitialised;
+    PyCursesStatefulInitialised(module);
 
-    return PyCursesCheckERR(halfdelay(tenths), "halfdelay");
+    return PyCursesCheckERR(module, halfdelay(tenths), "halfdelay");
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
@@ -3173,7 +3271,7 @@ static PyObject *
 _curses_has_key_impl(PyObject *module, int key)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=19ad48319414d0b1 input=78bd44acf1a4997c]*/
 {
-    PyCursesInitialised;
+    PyCursesStatefulInitialised(module);
 
     return PyBool_FromLong(has_key(key));
 }
@@ -3204,10 +3302,11 @@ _curses_init_color_impl(PyObject *module, int color_number, short r, short g,
                         short b)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=d7ed71b2d818cdf2 input=ae2b8bea0f152c80]*/
 {
-    PyCursesInitialised;
-    PyCursesInitialisedColor;
+    PyCursesStatefulInitialised(module);
+    PyCursesStatefulInitialisedColor(module);
 
-    return PyCursesCheckERR(_CURSES_INIT_COLOR_FUNC(color_number, r, g, b),
+    return PyCursesCheckERR(module,
+                            _CURSES_INIT_COLOR_FUNC(color_number, r, g, b),
                             Py_STRINGIFY(_CURSES_INIT_COLOR_FUNC));
 }
 
@@ -3232,8 +3331,8 @@ static PyObject *
 _curses_init_pair_impl(PyObject *module, int pair_number, int fg, int bg)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=a0bba03d2bbc3ee6 input=54b421b44c12c389]*/
 {
-    PyCursesInitialised;
-    PyCursesInitialisedColor;
+    PyCursesStatefulInitialised(module);
+    PyCursesStatefulInitialisedColor(module);
 
     if (_CURSES_INIT_PAIR_FUNC(pair_number, fg, bg) == ERR) {
         if (pair_number >= COLOR_PAIRS) {
@@ -3242,7 +3341,8 @@ _curses_init_pair_impl(PyObject *module, int pair_number, int fg, int bg)
                          COLOR_PAIRS - 1);
         }
         else {
-            PyErr_Format(PyCursesError, "%s() returned ERR",
+            cursesmodule_state *state = get_cursesmodule_state(module);
+            PyErr_Format(state->error, "%s() returned ERR",
                          Py_STRINGIFY(_CURSES_INIT_PAIR_FUNC));
         }
         return NULL;
@@ -3251,8 +3351,6 @@ _curses_init_pair_impl(PyObject *module, int pair_number, int fg, int bg)
     Py_RETURN_NONE;
 }
 
-static PyObject *ModDict;
-
 /*[clinic input]
 _curses.initscr
 
@@ -3266,30 +3364,40 @@ _curses_initscr_impl(PyObject *module)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=619fb68443810b7b input=514f4bce1821f6b5]*/
 {
     WINDOW *win;
-    PyCursesWindowObject *winobj;
 
-    if (initialised) {
+    if (curses_initscr_called) {
         wrefresh(stdscr);
-        return (PyObject *)PyCursesWindow_New(stdscr, NULL);
+        cursesmodule_state *state = get_cursesmodule_state(module);
+        return PyCursesWindow_New(state, stdscr, NULL);
     }
 
     win = initscr();
 
     if (win == NULL) {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyCursesError, catchall_NULL);
+        cursesmodule_state *state = get_cursesmodule_state(module);
+        PyErr_SetString(state->error, catchall_NULL);
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    initialised = initialised_setupterm = TRUE;
+    curses_initscr_called = curses_setupterm_called = TRUE;
 
-/* This was moved from initcurses() because it core dumped on SGI,
-   where they're not defined until you've called initscr() */
-#define SetDictInt(string,ch)                                           \
-    do {                                                                \
-        PyObject *o = PyLong_FromLong((long) (ch));                     \
-        if (o && PyDict_SetItemString(ModDict, string, o) == 0)     {   \
-            Py_DECREF(o);                                               \
-        }                                                               \
+    PyObject *module_dict = PyModule_GetDict(module); // borrowed
+    if (module_dict == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    /* This was moved from initcurses() because it core dumped on SGI,
+       where they're not defined until you've called initscr() */
+#define SetDictInt(NAME, VALUE)                                     \
+    do {                                                            \
+        PyObject *value = PyLong_FromLong((long)(VALUE));           \
+        if (value == NULL) {                                        \
+            return NULL;                                            \
+        }                                                           \
+        int rc = PyDict_SetItemString(module_dict, (NAME), value);  \
+        Py_DECREF(value);                                           \
+        if (rc < 0) {                                               \
+            return NULL;                                            \
+        }                                                           \
     } while (0)
 
     /* Here are some graphic symbols you can use */
@@ -3361,10 +3469,15 @@ _curses_initscr_impl(PyObject *module)
 
     SetDictInt("LINES", LINES);
     SetDictInt("COLS", COLS);
+#undef SetDictInt
 
-    winobj = (PyCursesWindowObject *)PyCursesWindow_New(win, NULL);
-    screen_encoding = winobj->encoding;
-    return (PyObject *)winobj;
+    cursesmodule_state *state = get_cursesmodule_state(module);
+    PyObject *winobj = PyCursesWindow_New(state, win, NULL);
+    if (winobj == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    curses_screen_encoding = ((PyCursesWindowObject *)winobj)->encoding;
+    return winobj;
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
@@ -3392,9 +3505,8 @@ _curses_setupterm_impl(PyObject *module, const char *term, int fd)
         sys_stdout = PySys_GetObject("stdout");
 
         if (sys_stdout == NULL || sys_stdout == Py_None) {
-            PyErr_SetString(
-                PyCursesError,
-                "lost sys.stdout");
+            cursesmodule_state *state = get_cursesmodule_state(module);
+            PyErr_SetString(state->error, "lost sys.stdout");
             return NULL;
         }
 
@@ -3405,7 +3517,7 @@ _curses_setupterm_impl(PyObject *module, const char *term, int fd)
         }
     }
 
-    if (!initialised_setupterm && setupterm((char *)term, fd, &err) == ERR) {
+    if (!curses_setupterm_called && setupterm((char *)term, fd, &err) == ERR) {
         const char* s = "setupterm: unknown error";
 
         if (err == 0) {
@@ -3414,11 +3526,12 @@ _curses_setupterm_impl(PyObject *module, const char *term, int fd)
             s = "setupterm: could not find terminfo database";
         }
 
-        PyErr_SetString(PyCursesError,s);
+        cursesmodule_state *state = get_cursesmodule_state(module);
+        PyErr_SetString(state->error, s);
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    initialised_setupterm = TRUE;
+    curses_setupterm_called = TRUE;
 
     Py_RETURN_NONE;
 }
@@ -3464,7 +3577,7 @@ _curses_set_escdelay_impl(PyObject *module, int ms)
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    return PyCursesCheckERR(set_escdelay(ms), "set_escdelay");
+    return PyCursesCheckERR(module, set_escdelay(ms), "set_escdelay");
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
@@ -3503,7 +3616,7 @@ _curses_set_tabsize_impl(PyObject *module, int size)
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    return PyCursesCheckERR(set_tabsize(size), "set_tabsize");
+    return PyCursesCheckERR(module, set_tabsize(size), "set_tabsize");
 }
 #endif
 
@@ -3519,9 +3632,9 @@ static PyObject *
 _curses_intrflush_impl(PyObject *module, int flag)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=c1986df35e999a0f input=c65fe2ef973fe40a]*/
 {
-    PyCursesInitialised;
+    PyCursesStatefulInitialised(module);
 
-    return PyCursesCheckERR(intrflush(NULL, flag), "intrflush");
+    return PyCursesCheckERR(module, intrflush(NULL, flag), "intrflush");
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
@@ -3552,7 +3665,7 @@ static PyObject *
 _curses_is_term_resized_impl(PyObject *module, int nlines, int ncols)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=aafe04afe50f1288 input=ca9c0bd0fb8ab444]*/
 {
-    PyCursesInitialised;
+    PyCursesStatefulInitialised(module);
 
     return PyBool_FromLong(is_term_resized(nlines, ncols));
 }
@@ -3574,7 +3687,7 @@ _curses_keyname_impl(PyObject *module, int key)
 {
     const char *knp;
 
-    PyCursesInitialised;
+    PyCursesStatefulInitialised(module);
 
     if (key < 0) {
         PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "invalid key number");
@@ -3632,9 +3745,9 @@ static PyObject *
 _curses_meta_impl(PyObject *module, int yes)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=22f5abda46a605d8 input=cfe7da79f51d0e30]*/
 {
-    PyCursesInitialised;
+    PyCursesStatefulInitialised(module);
 
-    return PyCursesCheckERR(meta(stdscr, yes), "meta");
+    return PyCursesCheckERR(module, meta(stdscr, yes), "meta");
 }
 
 #ifdef NCURSES_MOUSE_VERSION
@@ -3656,9 +3769,9 @@ static PyObject *
 _curses_mouseinterval_impl(PyObject *module, int interval)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=c4f5ff04354634c5 input=75aaa3f0db10ac4e]*/
 {
-    PyCursesInitialised;
+    PyCursesStatefulInitialised(module);
 
-    return PyCursesCheckERR(mouseinterval(interval), "mouseinterval");
+    return PyCursesCheckERR(module, mouseinterval(interval), "mouseinterval");
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
@@ -3681,7 +3794,7 @@ _curses_mousemask_impl(PyObject *module, unsigned long newmask)
 {
     mmask_t oldmask, availmask;
 
-    PyCursesInitialised;
+    PyCursesStatefulInitialised(module);
     availmask = mousemask((mmask_t)newmask, &oldmask);
     return Py_BuildValue("(kk)",
                          (unsigned long)availmask, (unsigned long)oldmask);
@@ -3702,7 +3815,7 @@ static int
 _curses_napms_impl(PyObject *module, int ms)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=5f292a6a724491bd input=c6d6e01f2f1df9f7]*/
 {
-    PyCursesInitialised;
+    PyCursesStatefulInitialised(module);
 
     return napms(ms);
 }
@@ -3726,16 +3839,18 @@ _curses_newpad_impl(PyObject *module, int nlines, int ncols)
 {
     WINDOW *win;
 
-    PyCursesInitialised;
+    PyCursesStatefulInitialised(module);
 
     win = newpad(nlines, ncols);
 
     if (win == NULL) {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyCursesError, catchall_NULL);
+        cursesmodule_state *state = get_cursesmodule_state(module);
+        PyErr_SetString(state->error, catchall_NULL);
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    return (PyObject *)PyCursesWindow_New(win, NULL);
+    cursesmodule_state *state = get_cursesmodule_state(module);
+    return PyCursesWindow_New(state, win, NULL);
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
@@ -3766,15 +3881,17 @@ _curses_newwin_impl(PyObject *module, int nlines, int ncols,
 {
     WINDOW *win;
 
-    PyCursesInitialised;
+    PyCursesStatefulInitialised(module);
 
     win = newwin(nlines,ncols,begin_y,begin_x);
     if (win == NULL) {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyCursesError, catchall_NULL);
+        cursesmodule_state *state = get_cursesmodule_state(module);
+        PyErr_SetString(state->error, catchall_NULL);
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    return (PyObject *)PyCursesWindow_New(win, NULL);
+    cursesmodule_state *state = get_cursesmodule_state(module);
+    return PyCursesWindow_New(state, win, NULL);
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
@@ -3878,8 +3995,8 @@ _curses_pair_content_impl(PyObject *module, int pair_number)
 {
     _CURSES_COLOR_NUM_TYPE f, b;
 
-    PyCursesInitialised;
-    PyCursesInitialisedColor;
+    PyCursesStatefulInitialised(module);
+    PyCursesStatefulInitialisedColor(module);
 
     if (_CURSES_PAIR_CONTENT_FUNC(pair_number, &f, &b) == ERR) {
         if (pair_number >= COLOR_PAIRS) {
@@ -3888,7 +4005,8 @@ _curses_pair_content_impl(PyObject *module, int pair_number)
                          COLOR_PAIRS - 1);
         }
         else {
-            PyErr_Format(PyCursesError, "%s() returned ERR",
+            cursesmodule_state *state = get_cursesmodule_state(module);
+            PyErr_Format(state->error, "%s() returned ERR",
                          Py_STRINGIFY(_CURSES_PAIR_CONTENT_FUNC));
         }
         return NULL;
@@ -3912,8 +4030,8 @@ static PyObject *
 _curses_pair_number_impl(PyObject *module, int attr)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=85bce7d65c0aa3f4 input=d478548e33f5e61a]*/
 {
-    PyCursesInitialised;
-    PyCursesInitialisedColor;
+    PyCursesStatefulInitialised(module);
+    PyCursesStatefulInitialisedColor(module);
 
     return PyLong_FromLong(PAIR_NUMBER(attr));
 }
@@ -3933,7 +4051,7 @@ static PyObject *
 _curses_putp_impl(PyObject *module, const char *string)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=e98081d1b8eb5816 input=1601faa828b44cb3]*/
 {
-    return PyCursesCheckERR(putp(string), "putp");
+    return PyCursesCheckERR(module, putp(string), "putp");
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
@@ -3953,7 +4071,7 @@ static PyObject *
 _curses_qiflush_impl(PyObject *module, int flag)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=9167e862f760ea30 input=6ec8b3e2b717ec40]*/
 {
-    PyCursesInitialised;
+    PyCursesStatefulInitialised(module);
 
     if (flag) {
         qiflush();
@@ -3964,52 +4082,57 @@ _curses_qiflush_impl(PyObject *module, int flag)
     Py_RETURN_NONE;
 }
 
-/* Internal helper used for updating curses.LINES, curses.COLS, _curses.LINES
- * and _curses.COLS */
 #if defined(HAVE_CURSES_RESIZETERM) || defined(HAVE_CURSES_RESIZE_TERM)
+/* Internal helper used for updating curses.LINES, curses.COLS, _curses.LINES
+ * and _curses.COLS. Returns 1 on success and 0 on failure. */
 static int
-update_lines_cols(void)
+update_lines_cols(PyObject *private_module)
 {
-    PyObject *o;
-    PyObject *m = PyImport_ImportModule("curses");
+    PyObject *exposed_module = NULL, *o = NULL;
 
-    if (!m)
-        return 0;
+    exposed_module = PyImport_ImportModule("curses");
+    if (exposed_module == NULL) {
+        goto error;
+    }
+    PyObject *exposed_module_dict = PyModule_GetDict(exposed_module); // borrowed
+    if (exposed_module_dict == NULL) {
+        goto error;
+    }
+    PyObject *private_module_dict = PyModule_GetDict(private_module); // borrowed
+    if (private_module_dict == NULL) {
+        goto error;
+    }
 
     o = PyLong_FromLong(LINES);
-    if (!o) {
-        Py_DECREF(m);
-        return 0;
+    if (o == NULL) {
+        goto error;
     }
-    if (PyObject_SetAttrString(m, "LINES", o)) {
-        Py_DECREF(m);
-        Py_DECREF(o);
-        return 0;
+    if (PyDict_SetItemString(exposed_module_dict, "LINES", o) < 0) {
+        goto error;
     }
-    if (PyDict_SetItemString(ModDict, "LINES", o)) {
-        Py_DECREF(m);
-        Py_DECREF(o);
-        return 0;
+    if (PyDict_SetItemString(private_module_dict, "LINES", o) < 0) {
+        goto error;
     }
     Py_DECREF(o);
+
     o = PyLong_FromLong(COLS);
-    if (!o) {
-        Py_DECREF(m);
-        return 0;
+    if (o == NULL) {
+        goto error;
     }
-    if (PyObject_SetAttrString(m, "COLS", o)) {
-        Py_DECREF(m);
-        Py_DECREF(o);
-        return 0;
+    if (PyDict_SetItemString(exposed_module_dict, "COLS", o) < 0) {
+        goto error;
     }
-    if (PyDict_SetItemString(ModDict, "COLS", o)) {
-        Py_DECREF(m);
-        Py_DECREF(o);
-        return 0;
+    if (PyDict_SetItemString(private_module_dict, "COLS", o) < 0) {
+        goto error;
     }
     Py_DECREF(o);
-    Py_DECREF(m);
+    Py_DECREF(exposed_module);
     return 1;
+
+error:
+    Py_XDECREF(o);
+    Py_XDECREF(exposed_module);
+    return 0;
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
@@ -4021,7 +4144,7 @@ static PyObject *
 _curses_update_lines_cols_impl(PyObject *module)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=423f2b1e63ed0f75 input=5f065ab7a28a5d90]*/
 {
-    if (!update_lines_cols()) {
+    if (!update_lines_cols(module)) {
         return NULL;
     }
     Py_RETURN_NONE;
@@ -4085,9 +4208,9 @@ NoArgNoReturnFunctionBody(resetty)
 /*[clinic input]
 _curses.resizeterm
 
-    nlines: int
+    nlines: short
         Height.
-    ncols: int
+    ncols: short
         Width.
     /
 
@@ -4098,17 +4221,17 @@ window dimensions (in particular the SIGWINCH handler).
 [clinic start generated code]*/
 
 static PyObject *
-_curses_resizeterm_impl(PyObject *module, int nlines, int ncols)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=56d6bcc5194ad055 input=0fca02ebad5ffa82]*/
+_curses_resizeterm_impl(PyObject *module, short nlines, short ncols)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=4de3abab50c67f02 input=414e92a63e3e9899]*/
 {
     PyObject *result;
 
-    PyCursesInitialised;
+    PyCursesStatefulInitialised(module);
 
-    result = PyCursesCheckERR(resizeterm(nlines, ncols), "resizeterm");
+    result = PyCursesCheckERR(module, resizeterm(nlines, ncols), "resizeterm");
     if (!result)
         return NULL;
-    if (!update_lines_cols()) {
+    if (!update_lines_cols(module)) {
         Py_DECREF(result);
         return NULL;
     }
@@ -4121,9 +4244,9 @@ _curses_resizeterm_impl(PyObject *module, int nlines, int ncols)
 /*[clinic input]
 _curses.resize_term
 
-    nlines: int
+    nlines: short
         Height.
-    ncols: int
+    ncols: short
         Width.
     /
 
@@ -4137,17 +4260,17 @@ without additional interaction with the application.
 [clinic start generated code]*/
 
 static PyObject *
-_curses_resize_term_impl(PyObject *module, int nlines, int ncols)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=9e26d8b9ea311ed2 input=2197edd05b049ed4]*/
+_curses_resize_term_impl(PyObject *module, short nlines, short ncols)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=46c6d749fa291dbd input=276afa43d8ea7091]*/
 {
     PyObject *result;
 
-    PyCursesInitialised;
+    PyCursesStatefulInitialised(module);
 
-    result = PyCursesCheckERR(resize_term(nlines, ncols), "resize_term");
+    result = PyCursesCheckERR(module, resize_term(nlines, ncols), "resize_term");
     if (!result)
         return NULL;
-    if (!update_lines_cols()) {
+    if (!update_lines_cols(module)) {
         Py_DECREF(result);
         return NULL;
     }
@@ -4185,7 +4308,7 @@ static PyObject *
 _curses_setsyx_impl(PyObject *module, int y, int x)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=23dcf753511a2464 input=fa7f2b208e10a557]*/
 {
-    PyCursesInitialised;
+    PyCursesStatefulInitialised(module);
 
     setsyx(y,x);
 
@@ -4210,35 +4333,38 @@ static PyObject *
 _curses_start_color_impl(PyObject *module)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=8b772b41d8090ede input=0ca0ecb2b77e1a12]*/
 {
-    int code;
-    PyObject *c, *cp;
+    PyCursesStatefulInitialised(module);
 
-    PyCursesInitialised;
+    if (start_color() == ERR) {
+        cursesmodule_state *state = get_cursesmodule_state(module);
+        PyErr_SetString(state->error, "start_color() returned ERR");
+        return NULL;
+    }
 
-    code = start_color();
-    if (code != ERR) {
-        initialisedcolors = TRUE;
-        c = PyLong_FromLong((long) COLORS);
-        if (c == NULL)
-            return NULL;
-        if (PyDict_SetItemString(ModDict, "COLORS", c) < 0) {
-            Py_DECREF(c);
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        Py_DECREF(c);
-        cp = PyLong_FromLong((long) COLOR_PAIRS);
-        if (cp == NULL)
-            return NULL;
-        if (PyDict_SetItemString(ModDict, "COLOR_PAIRS", cp) < 0) {
-            Py_DECREF(cp);
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        Py_DECREF(cp);
-        Py_RETURN_NONE;
-    } else {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyCursesError, "start_color() returned ERR");
+    curses_start_color_called = TRUE;
+
+    PyObject *module_dict = PyModule_GetDict(module); // borrowed
+    if (module_dict == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
+#define DICT_ADD_INT_VALUE(NAME, VALUE)                             \
+    do {                                                            \
+        PyObject *value = PyLong_FromLong((long)(VALUE));           \
+        if (value == NULL) {                                        \
+            return NULL;                                            \
+        }                                                           \
+        int rc = PyDict_SetItemString(module_dict, (NAME), value);  \
+        Py_DECREF(value);                                           \
+        if (rc < 0) {                                               \
+            return NULL;                                            \
+        }                                                           \
+    } while (0)
+
+    DICT_ADD_INT_VALUE("COLORS", COLORS);
+    DICT_ADD_INT_VALUE("COLOR_PAIRS", COLOR_PAIRS);
+#undef DICT_ADD_INT_VALUE
+
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
@@ -4280,7 +4406,7 @@ static PyObject *
 _curses_tigetflag_impl(PyObject *module, const char *capname)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=8853c0e55542195b input=b0787af9e3e9a6ce]*/
 {
-    PyCursesSetupTermCalled;
+    PyCursesStatefulSetupTermCalled(module);
 
     return PyLong_FromLong( (long) tigetflag( (char *)capname ) );
 }
@@ -4302,7 +4428,7 @@ static PyObject *
 _curses_tigetnum_impl(PyObject *module, const char *capname)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=46f8b0a1b5dff42f input=5cdf2f410b109720]*/
 {
-    PyCursesSetupTermCalled;
+    PyCursesStatefulSetupTermCalled(module);
 
     return PyLong_FromLong( (long) tigetnum( (char *)capname ) );
 }
@@ -4324,7 +4450,7 @@ static PyObject *
 _curses_tigetstr_impl(PyObject *module, const char *capname)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=f22b576ad60248f3 input=36644df25c73c0a7]*/
 {
-    PyCursesSetupTermCalled;
+    PyCursesStatefulSetupTermCalled(module);
 
     capname = tigetstr( (char *)capname );
     if (capname == NULL || capname == (char*) -1) {
@@ -4359,11 +4485,12 @@ _curses_tparm_impl(PyObject *module, const char *str, int i1, int i2, int i3,
 {
     char* result = NULL;
 
-    PyCursesSetupTermCalled;
+    PyCursesStatefulSetupTermCalled(module);
 
     result = tparm((char *)str,i1,i2,i3,i4,i5,i6,i7,i8,i9);
     if (!result) {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyCursesError, "tparm() returned NULL");
+        cursesmodule_state *state = get_cursesmodule_state(module);
+        PyErr_SetString(state->error, "tparm() returned NULL");
         return NULL;
     }
 
@@ -4387,9 +4514,9 @@ static PyObject *
 _curses_typeahead_impl(PyObject *module, int fd)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=084bb649d7066583 input=f2968d8e1805051b]*/
 {
-    PyCursesInitialised;
+    PyCursesStatefulInitialised(module);
 
-    return PyCursesCheckERR(typeahead( fd ), "typeahead");
+    return PyCursesCheckERR(module, typeahead( fd ), "typeahead");
 }
 #endif
 
@@ -4411,7 +4538,7 @@ _curses_unctrl(PyObject *module, PyObject *ch)
 {
     chtype ch_;
 
-    PyCursesInitialised;
+    PyCursesStatefulInitialised(module);
 
     if (!PyCurses_ConvertToChtype(NULL, ch, &ch_))
         return NULL;
@@ -4434,12 +4561,12 @@ _curses_ungetch(PyObject *module, PyObject *ch)
 {
     chtype ch_;
 
-    PyCursesInitialised;
+    PyCursesStatefulInitialised(module);
 
     if (!PyCurses_ConvertToChtype(NULL, ch, &ch_))
         return NULL;
 
-    return PyCursesCheckERR(ungetch(ch_), "ungetch");
+    return PyCursesCheckERR(module, ungetch(ch_), "ungetch");
 }
 
 #ifdef HAVE_NCURSESW
@@ -4505,11 +4632,11 @@ _curses_unget_wch(PyObject *module, PyObject *ch)
 {
     wchar_t wch;
 
-    PyCursesInitialised;
+    PyCursesStatefulInitialised(module);
 
     if (!PyCurses_ConvertToWchar_t(ch, &wch))
         return NULL;
-    return PyCursesCheckERR(unget_wch(wch), "unget_wch");
+    return PyCursesCheckERR(module, unget_wch(wch), "unget_wch");
 }
 #endif
 
@@ -4557,14 +4684,15 @@ _curses_use_default_colors_impl(PyObject *module)
 {
     int code;
 
-    PyCursesInitialised;
-    PyCursesInitialisedColor;
+    PyCursesStatefulInitialised(module);
+    PyCursesStatefulInitialisedColor(module);
 
     code = use_default_colors();
     if (code != ERR) {
         Py_RETURN_NONE;
     } else {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyCursesError, "use_default_colors() returned ERR");
+        cursesmodule_state *state = get_cursesmodule_state(module);
+        PyErr_SetString(state->error, "use_default_colors() returned ERR");
         return NULL;
     }
 }
@@ -4595,10 +4723,7 @@ static PyStructSequence_Desc ncurses_version_desc = {
 static PyObject *
 make_ncurses_version(PyTypeObject *type)
 {
-    PyObject *ncurses_version;
-    int pos = 0;
-
-    ncurses_version = PyStructSequence_New(type);
+    PyObject *ncurses_version = PyStructSequence_New(type);
     if (ncurses_version == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
@@ -4610,18 +4735,20 @@ make_ncurses_version(PyTypeObject *type)
         minor = NCURSES_VERSION_MINOR;
         patch = NCURSES_VERSION_PATCH;
     }
-#define SetIntItem(flag) \
-    PyStructSequence_SET_ITEM(ncurses_version, pos++, PyLong_FromLong(flag)); \
-    if (PyErr_Occurred()) { \
-        Py_CLEAR(ncurses_version); \
-        return NULL; \
-    }
-
-    SetIntItem(major)
-    SetIntItem(minor)
-    SetIntItem(patch)
-#undef SetIntItem
+#define SET_VERSION_COMPONENT(INDEX, VALUE)                     \
+    do {                                                        \
+        PyObject *o = PyLong_FromLong(VALUE);                   \
+        if (o == NULL) {                                        \
+            Py_DECREF(ncurses_version);                         \
+            return NULL;                                        \
+        }                                                       \
+        PyStructSequence_SET_ITEM(ncurses_version, INDEX, o);   \
+    } while (0)
 
+    SET_VERSION_COMPONENT(0, major);
+    SET_VERSION_COMPONENT(1, minor);
+    SET_VERSION_COMPONENT(2, patch);
+#undef SET_VERSION_COMPONENT
     return ncurses_version;
 }
 
@@ -4645,7 +4772,7 @@ _curses_has_extended_color_support_impl(PyObject *module)
 
 /* List of functions defined in the module */
 
-static PyMethodDef PyCurses_methods[] = {
+static PyMethodDef cursesmodule_methods[] = {
     _CURSES_BAUDRATE_METHODDEF
     _CURSES_BEEP_METHODDEF
     _CURSES_CAN_CHANGE_COLOR_METHODDEF
@@ -4730,86 +4857,197 @@ static PyMethodDef PyCurses_methods[] = {
     {NULL,                  NULL}         /* sentinel */
 };
 
-/* Initialization function for the module */
+/* Module C API */
 
+/* Function versions of the 3 functions for testing whether curses has been
+   initialised or not. */
 
-static struct PyModuleDef _cursesmodule = {
-    PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,
-    "_curses",
-    NULL,
-    -1,
-    PyCurses_methods,
-    NULL,
-    NULL,
-    NULL,
-    NULL
-};
+static inline int
+curses_capi_setupterm_called(void)
+{
+    return _PyCursesCheckFunction(curses_setupterm_called, "setupterm");
+}
 
-static void
-curses_destructor(PyObject *op)
+static inline int
+curses_capi_initscr_called(void)
 {
-    void *ptr = PyCapsule_GetPointer(op, PyCurses_CAPSULE_NAME);
-    Py_DECREF(*(void **)ptr);
-    PyMem_Free(ptr);
+    return _PyCursesCheckFunction(curses_initscr_called, "initscr");
 }
 
-PyMODINIT_FUNC
-PyInit__curses(void)
+static inline int
+curses_capi_start_color_called(void)
 {
-    PyObject *m, *d, *v, *c_api_object;
+    return _PyCursesCheckFunction(curses_start_color_called, "start_color");
+}
 
-    /* Initialize object type */
-    if (PyType_Ready(&PyCursesWindow_Type) < 0)
+static void *
+curses_capi_new(cursesmodule_state *state)
+{
+    assert(state->window_type != NULL);
+    void **capi = (void **)PyMem_Calloc(PyCurses_API_pointers, sizeof(void *));
+    if (capi == NULL) {
+        PyErr_NoMemory();
         return NULL;
+    }
+    capi[0] = (void *)Py_NewRef(state->window_type);
+    capi[1] = curses_capi_setupterm_called;
+    capi[2] = curses_capi_initscr_called;
+    capi[3] = curses_capi_start_color_called;
+    return (void *)capi;
+}
 
-    /* Create the module and add the functions */
-    m = PyModule_Create(&_cursesmodule);
-    if (m == NULL)
-        return NULL;
-#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
-    PyUnstable_Module_SetGIL(m, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED);
-#endif
+static void
+curses_capi_free(void *capi)
+{
+    assert(capi != NULL);
+    void **capi_ptr = (void **)capi;
+    // In free-threaded builds, capi_ptr[0] may have been already cleared
+    // by curses_capi_capsule_destructor(), hence the use of Py_XDECREF().
+    Py_XDECREF(capi_ptr[0]); // decref curses window type
+    PyMem_Free(capi_ptr);
+}
 
-    /* Add some symbolic constants to the module */
-    d = PyModule_GetDict(m);
-    if (d == NULL)
-        return NULL;
-    ModDict = d; /* For PyCurses_InitScr to use later */
+/* Module C API Capsule */
 
-    void **PyCurses_API = PyMem_Calloc(PyCurses_API_pointers, sizeof(void *));
-    if (PyCurses_API == NULL) {
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
+static void
+curses_capi_capsule_destructor(PyObject *op)
+{
+    void *capi = PyCapsule_GetPointer(op, PyCurses_CAPSULE_NAME);
+    curses_capi_free(capi);
+}
+
+static int
+curses_capi_capsule_traverse(PyObject *op, visitproc visit, void *arg)
+{
+    void **capi_ptr = PyCapsule_GetPointer(op, PyCurses_CAPSULE_NAME);
+    assert(capi_ptr != NULL);
+    Py_VISIT(capi_ptr[0]);  // visit curses window type
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+curses_capi_capsule_clear(PyObject *op)
+{
+    void **capi_ptr = PyCapsule_GetPointer(op, PyCurses_CAPSULE_NAME);
+    assert(capi_ptr != NULL);
+    Py_CLEAR(capi_ptr[0]);  // clear curses window type
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+curses_capi_capsule_new(void *capi)
+{
+    PyObject *capsule = PyCapsule_New(capi, PyCurses_CAPSULE_NAME,
+                                      curses_capi_capsule_destructor);
+    if (capsule == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if (_PyCapsule_SetTraverse(capsule,
+                               curses_capi_capsule_traverse,
+                               curses_capi_capsule_clear) < 0)
+    {
+        Py_DECREF(capsule);
         return NULL;
     }
-    /* Initialize the C API pointer array */
-    PyCurses_API[0] = (void *)Py_NewRef(&PyCursesWindow_Type);
-    PyCurses_API[1] = (void *)func_PyCursesSetupTermCalled;
-    PyCurses_API[2] = (void *)func_PyCursesInitialised;
-    PyCurses_API[3] = (void *)func_PyCursesInitialisedColor;
+    return capsule;
+}
+
+/* Module initialization and cleanup functions */
 
+static int
+cursesmodule_traverse(PyObject *mod, visitproc visit, void *arg)
+{
+    cursesmodule_state *state = get_cursesmodule_state(mod);
+    Py_VISIT(state->error);
+    Py_VISIT(state->window_type);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+cursesmodule_clear(PyObject *mod)
+{
+    cursesmodule_state *state = get_cursesmodule_state(mod);
+    Py_CLEAR(state->error);
+    Py_CLEAR(state->window_type);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static void
+cursesmodule_free(void *mod)
+{
+    (void)cursesmodule_clear((PyObject *)mod);
+    curses_module_loaded = 0;  // allow reloading once garbage-collected
+}
+
+static int
+cursesmodule_exec(PyObject *module)
+{
+    if (curses_module_loaded) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ImportError,
+                        "module 'curses' can only be loaded once per process");
+        return -1;
+    }
+    curses_module_loaded = 1;
+
+    cursesmodule_state *state = get_cursesmodule_state(module);
+    /* Initialize object type */
+    state->window_type = (PyTypeObject *)PyType_FromModuleAndSpec(
+        module, &PyCursesWindow_Type_spec, NULL);
+    if (state->window_type == NULL) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    if (PyModule_AddType(module, state->window_type) < 0) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    /* Add some symbolic constants to the module */
+    PyObject *module_dict = PyModule_GetDict(module);
+    if (module_dict == NULL) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    /* Create the C API object */
+    void *capi = curses_capi_new(state);
+    if (capi == NULL) {
+        return -1;
+    }
     /* Add a capsule for the C API */
-    c_api_object = PyCapsule_New(PyCurses_API, PyCurses_CAPSULE_NAME,
-                                 curses_destructor);
-    if (c_api_object == NULL) {
-        Py_DECREF(PyCurses_API[0]);
-        PyMem_Free(PyCurses_API);
-        return NULL;
+    PyObject *capi_capsule = curses_capi_capsule_new(capi);
+    if (capi_capsule == NULL) {
+        curses_capi_free(capi);
+        return -1;
     }
-    if (PyDict_SetItemString(d, "_C_API", c_api_object) < 0) {
-        Py_DECREF(c_api_object);
-        return NULL;
+    int rc = PyDict_SetItemString(module_dict, "_C_API", capi_capsule);
+    Py_DECREF(capi_capsule);
+    if (rc < 0) {
+        return -1;
     }
-    Py_DECREF(c_api_object);
 
     /* For exception curses.error */
-    PyCursesError = PyErr_NewException("_curses.error", NULL, NULL);
-    PyDict_SetItemString(d, "error", PyCursesError);
+    state->error = PyErr_NewException("_curses.error", NULL, NULL);
+    if (state->error == NULL) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    rc = PyDict_SetItemString(module_dict, "error", state->error);
+    if (rc < 0) {
+        return -1;
+    }
 
     /* Make the version available */
-    v = PyBytes_FromString(PyCursesVersion);
-    PyDict_SetItemString(d, "version", v);
-    PyDict_SetItemString(d, "__version__", v);
-    Py_DECREF(v);
+    PyObject *curses_version = PyBytes_FromString(PyCursesVersion);
+    if (curses_version == NULL) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    rc = PyDict_SetItemString(module_dict, "version", curses_version);
+    if (rc < 0) {
+        Py_DECREF(curses_version);
+        return -1;
+    }
+    rc = PyDict_SetItemString(module_dict, "__version__", curses_version);
+    Py_CLEAR(curses_version);
+    if (rc < 0) {
+        return -1;
+    }
 
 #ifdef NCURSES_VERSION
     /* ncurses_version */
@@ -4817,17 +5055,33 @@ PyInit__curses(void)
     version_type = _PyStructSequence_NewType(&ncurses_version_desc,
                                              Py_TPFLAGS_DISALLOW_INSTANTIATION);
     if (version_type == NULL) {
-        return NULL;
+        return -1;
     }
-    v = make_ncurses_version(version_type);
+    PyObject *ncurses_version = make_ncurses_version(version_type);
     Py_DECREF(version_type);
-    if (v == NULL) {
-        return NULL;
+    if (ncurses_version == NULL) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    rc = PyDict_SetItemString(module_dict, "ncurses_version", ncurses_version);
+    Py_CLEAR(ncurses_version);
+    if (rc < 0) {
+        return -1;
     }
-    PyDict_SetItemString(d, "ncurses_version", v);
-    Py_DECREF(v);
 #endif /* NCURSES_VERSION */
 
+#define SetDictInt(NAME, VALUE)                                     \
+    do {                                                            \
+        PyObject *value = PyLong_FromLong((long)(VALUE));           \
+        if (value == NULL) {                                        \
+            return -1;                                              \
+        }                                                           \
+        int rc = PyDict_SetItemString(module_dict, (NAME), value);  \
+        Py_DECREF(value);                                           \
+        if (rc < 0) {                                               \
+            return -1;                                              \
+        }                                                           \
+    } while (0)
+
     SetDictInt("ERR", ERR);
     SetDictInt("OK", OK);
 
@@ -4923,43 +5177,71 @@ PyInit__curses(void)
     SetDictInt("REPORT_MOUSE_POSITION",    REPORT_MOUSE_POSITION);
 #endif
     /* Now set everything up for KEY_ variables */
-    {
-        int key;
-        char *key_n;
-        char *key_n2;
-        for (key=KEY_MIN;key < KEY_MAX; key++) {
-            key_n = (char *)keyname(key);
-            if (key_n == NULL || strcmp(key_n,"UNKNOWN KEY")==0)
-                continue;
-            if (strncmp(key_n,"KEY_F(",6)==0) {
-                char *p1, *p2;
-                key_n2 = PyMem_Malloc(strlen(key_n)+1);
-                if (!key_n2) {
-                    PyErr_NoMemory();
-                    break;
-                }
-                p1 = key_n;
-                p2 = key_n2;
-                while (*p1) {
-                    if (*p1 != '(' && *p1 != ')') {
-                        *p2 = *p1;
-                        p2++;
-                    }
-                    p1++;
+    for (int keycode = KEY_MIN; keycode < KEY_MAX; keycode++) {
+        const char *key_name = keyname(keycode);
+        if (key_name == NULL || strcmp(key_name, "UNKNOWN KEY") == 0) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (strncmp(key_name, "KEY_F(", 6) == 0) {
+            char *fn_key_name = PyMem_Malloc(strlen(key_name) + 1);
+            if (!fn_key_name) {
+                PyErr_NoMemory();
+                return -1;
+            }
+            const char *p1 = key_name;
+            char *p2 = fn_key_name;
+            while (*p1) {
+                if (*p1 != '(' && *p1 != ')') {
+                    *p2 = *p1;
+                    p2++;
                 }
-                *p2 = (char)0;
-            } else
-                key_n2 = key_n;
-            SetDictInt(key_n2,key);
-            if (key_n2 != key_n)
-                PyMem_Free(key_n2);
+                p1++;
+            }
+            *p2 = (char)0;
+            PyObject *p_keycode = PyLong_FromLong((long)keycode);
+            if (p_keycode == NULL) {
+                PyMem_Free(fn_key_name);
+                return -1;
+            }
+            int rc = PyDict_SetItemString(module_dict, fn_key_name, p_keycode);
+            Py_DECREF(p_keycode);
+            PyMem_Free(fn_key_name);
+            if (rc < 0) {
+                return -1;
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            SetDictInt(key_name, keycode);
         }
-        SetDictInt("KEY_MIN", KEY_MIN);
-        SetDictInt("KEY_MAX", KEY_MAX);
     }
+    SetDictInt("KEY_MIN", KEY_MIN);
+    SetDictInt("KEY_MAX", KEY_MAX);
+#undef SetDictInt
+    return 0;
+}
 
-    if (PyModule_AddType(m, &PyCursesWindow_Type) < 0) {
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    return m;
+/* Initialization function for the module */
+
+static PyModuleDef_Slot cursesmodule_slots[] = {
+    {Py_mod_exec, cursesmodule_exec},
+    {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_MULTIPLE_INTERPRETERS_NOT_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
+    {0, NULL}
+};
+
+static struct PyModuleDef cursesmodule = {
+    PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,
+    .m_name = "_curses",
+    .m_size = sizeof(cursesmodule_state),
+    .m_methods = cursesmodule_methods,
+    .m_slots = cursesmodule_slots,
+    .m_traverse = cursesmodule_traverse,
+    .m_clear = cursesmodule_clear,
+    .m_free = cursesmodule_free
+};
+
+PyMODINIT_FUNC
+PyInit__curses(void)
+{
+    return PyModuleDef_Init(&cursesmodule);
 }
diff --git a/Modules/_datetimemodule.c b/Modules/_datetimemodule.c
index bea6e9411a75ed..b1102984cb5e9e 100644
--- a/Modules/_datetimemodule.c
+++ b/Modules/_datetimemodule.c
@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
-/*  C implementation for the date/time type documented at
- *  https://www.zope.dev/Members/fdrake/DateTimeWiki/FrontPage
- */
+/*  C implementation of the datetime module */
 
 /* bpo-35081: Defining this prevents including the C API capsule;
  * internal versions of the  Py*_Check macros which do not require
@@ -1749,7 +1747,7 @@ make_somezreplacement(PyObject *object, char *sep, PyObject *tzinfoarg)
     PyObject *tzinfo = get_tzinfo_member(object);
 
     if (tzinfo == Py_None || tzinfo == NULL) {
-        return PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(NULL, 0);
+        return PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize(NULL, 0);
     }
 
     assert(tzinfoarg != NULL);
@@ -1760,7 +1758,7 @@ make_somezreplacement(PyObject *object, char *sep, PyObject *tzinfoarg)
                          tzinfoarg) < 0)
         return NULL;
 
-    return PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(buf, strlen(buf));
+    return PyUnicode_FromString(buf);
 }
 
 static PyObject *
@@ -1768,7 +1766,7 @@ make_Zreplacement(PyObject *object, PyObject *tzinfoarg)
 {
     PyObject *temp;
     PyObject *tzinfo = get_tzinfo_member(object);
-    PyObject *Zreplacement = PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize(NULL, 0);
+    PyObject *Zreplacement = Py_GetConstant(Py_CONSTANT_EMPTY_STR);
 
     if (Zreplacement == NULL)
         return NULL;
@@ -1817,7 +1815,7 @@ make_freplacement(PyObject *object)
     else
         sprintf(freplacement, "%06d", 0);
 
-    return PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(freplacement, strlen(freplacement));
+    return PyUnicode_FromString(freplacement);
 }
 
 /* I sure don't want to reproduce the strftime code from the time module,
@@ -1838,79 +1836,60 @@ wrap_strftime(PyObject *object, PyObject *format, PyObject *timetuple,
     PyObject *Zreplacement = NULL;      /* py string, replacement for %Z */
     PyObject *freplacement = NULL;      /* py string, replacement for %f */
 
-    const char *pin;            /* pointer to next char in input format */
-    Py_ssize_t flen;            /* length of input format */
-    char ch;                    /* next char in input format */
-
-    PyObject *newfmt = NULL;            /* py string, the output format */
-    char *pnew;         /* pointer to available byte in output format */
-    size_t totalnew;            /* number bytes total in output format buffer,
-                               exclusive of trailing \0 */
-    size_t usednew;     /* number bytes used so far in output format buffer */
-
-    const char *ptoappend;      /* ptr to string to append to output buffer */
-    Py_ssize_t ntoappend;       /* # of bytes to append to output buffer */
-
     assert(object && format && timetuple);
     assert(PyUnicode_Check(format));
-    /* Convert the input format to a C string and size */
-    pin = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(format, &flen);
-    if (!pin)
+
+    PyObject *strftime = _PyImport_GetModuleAttrString("time", "strftime");
+    if (strftime == NULL) {
         return NULL;
+    }
 
     /* Scan the input format, looking for %z/%Z/%f escapes, building
      * a new format.  Since computing the replacements for those codes
      * is expensive, don't unless they're actually used.
      */
-    if (flen > INT_MAX - 1) {
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        goto Done;
-    }
 
-    totalnew = flen + 1;        /* realistic if no %z/%Z */
-    newfmt = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(NULL, totalnew);
-    if (newfmt == NULL) goto Done;
-    pnew = PyBytes_AsString(newfmt);
-    usednew = 0;
-
-    while ((ch = *pin++) != '\0') {
-        if (ch != '%') {
-            ptoappend = pin - 1;
-            ntoappend = 1;
+    _PyUnicodeWriter writer;
+    _PyUnicodeWriter_Init(&writer);
+    writer.overallocate = 1;
+
+    Py_ssize_t flen = PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(format);
+    Py_ssize_t i = 0;
+    Py_ssize_t start = 0;
+    Py_ssize_t end = 0;
+    while (i != flen) {
+        i = PyUnicode_FindChar(format, '%', i, flen, 1);
+        if (i < 0) {
+            assert(!PyErr_Occurred());
+            break;
         }
-        else if ((ch = *pin++) == '\0') {
-        /* Null byte follows %, copy only '%'.
-         *
-         * Back the pin up one char so that we catch the null check
-         * the next time through the loop.*/
-            pin--;
-            ptoappend = pin - 1;
-            ntoappend = 1;
+        end = i;
+        i++;
+        if (i == flen) {
+            break;
         }
+        Py_UCS4 ch = PyUnicode_READ_CHAR(format, i);
+        i++;
         /* A % has been seen and ch is the character after it. */
-        else if (ch == 'z') {
+        PyObject *replacement = NULL;
+        if (ch == 'z') {
             /* %z -> +HHMM */
             if (zreplacement == NULL) {
                 zreplacement = make_somezreplacement(object, "", tzinfoarg);
                 if (zreplacement == NULL)
-                    goto Done;
+                    goto Error;
             }
-            assert(zreplacement != NULL);
-            assert(PyBytes_Check(zreplacement));
-            ptoappend = PyBytes_AS_STRING(zreplacement);
-            ntoappend = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(zreplacement);
+            replacement = zreplacement;
         }
-        else if (ch == ':' && *pin == 'z' && pin++) {
+        else if (ch == ':' && i < flen && PyUnicode_READ_CHAR(format, i) == 'z') {
             /* %:z -> +HH:MM */
+            i++;
             if (colonzreplacement == NULL) {
                 colonzreplacement = make_somezreplacement(object, ":", tzinfoarg);
                 if (colonzreplacement == NULL)
-                    goto Done;
+                    goto Error;
             }
-            assert(colonzreplacement != NULL);
-            assert(PyBytes_Check(colonzreplacement));
-            ptoappend = PyBytes_AS_STRING(colonzreplacement);
-            ntoappend = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(colonzreplacement);
+            replacement = colonzreplacement;
         }
         else if (ch == 'Z') {
             /* format tzname */
@@ -1918,79 +1897,124 @@ wrap_strftime(PyObject *object, PyObject *format, PyObject *timetuple,
                 Zreplacement = make_Zreplacement(object,
                                                  tzinfoarg);
                 if (Zreplacement == NULL)
-                    goto Done;
+                    goto Error;
             }
-            assert(Zreplacement != NULL);
-            assert(PyUnicode_Check(Zreplacement));
-            ptoappend = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(Zreplacement,
-                                                  &ntoappend);
-            if (ptoappend == NULL)
-                goto Done;
+            replacement = Zreplacement;
         }
         else if (ch == 'f') {
             /* format microseconds */
             if (freplacement == NULL) {
                 freplacement = make_freplacement(object);
                 if (freplacement == NULL)
-                    goto Done;
+                    goto Error;
+            }
+            replacement = freplacement;
+        }
+#ifdef Py_NORMALIZE_CENTURY
+        else if (ch == 'Y' || ch == 'G'
+#ifdef Py_STRFTIME_C99_SUPPORT
+                 || ch == 'F' || ch == 'C'
+#endif
+        ) {
+            /* 0-pad year with century as necessary */
+            PyObject *item = PySequence_GetItem(timetuple, 0);
+            if (item == NULL) {
+                goto Error;
+            }
+            long year_long = PyLong_AsLong(item);
+            Py_DECREF(item);
+            if (year_long == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+                goto Error;
+            }
+            /* Note that datetime(1000, 1, 1).strftime('%G') == '1000' so year
+               1000 for %G can go on the fast path. */
+            if (year_long >= 1000) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (ch == 'G') {
+                PyObject *year_str = PyObject_CallFunction(strftime, "sO",
+                                                           "%G", timetuple);
+                if (year_str == NULL) {
+                    goto Error;
+                }
+                PyObject *year = PyNumber_Long(year_str);
+                Py_DECREF(year_str);
+                if (year == NULL) {
+                    goto Error;
+                }
+                year_long = PyLong_AsLong(year);
+                Py_DECREF(year);
+                if (year_long == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+                    goto Error;
+                }
             }
-            assert(freplacement != NULL);
-            assert(PyBytes_Check(freplacement));
-            ptoappend = PyBytes_AS_STRING(freplacement);
-            ntoappend = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(freplacement);
+            /* Buffer of maximum size of formatted year permitted by long.
+             * +6 to accommodate dashes, 2-digit month and day for %F. */
+            char buf[SIZEOF_LONG * 5 / 2 + 2 + 6];
+            Py_ssize_t n = PyOS_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),
+#ifdef Py_STRFTIME_C99_SUPPORT
+                                      ch == 'F' ? "%04ld-%%m-%%d" :
+#endif
+                                      "%04ld", year_long);
+#ifdef Py_STRFTIME_C99_SUPPORT
+            if (ch == 'C') {
+                n -= 2;
+            }
+#endif
+            if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteSubstring(&writer, format, start, end) < 0) {
+                goto Error;
+            }
+            start = i;
+            if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteASCIIString(&writer, buf, n) < 0) {
+                goto Error;
+            }
+            continue;
         }
+#endif
         else {
             /* percent followed by something else */
-            ptoappend = pin - 2;
-            ntoappend = 2;
-        }
-
-        /* Append the ntoappend chars starting at ptoappend to
-         * the new format.
-         */
-        if (ntoappend == 0)
             continue;
-        assert(ptoappend != NULL);
-        assert(ntoappend > 0);
-        while (usednew + ntoappend > totalnew) {
-            if (totalnew > (PY_SSIZE_T_MAX >> 1)) { /* overflow */
-                PyErr_NoMemory();
-                goto Done;
-            }
-            totalnew <<= 1;
-            if (_PyBytes_Resize(&newfmt, totalnew) < 0)
-                goto Done;
-            pnew = PyBytes_AsString(newfmt) + usednew;
         }
-        memcpy(pnew, ptoappend, ntoappend);
-        pnew += ntoappend;
-        usednew += ntoappend;
-        assert(usednew <= totalnew);
+        assert(replacement != NULL);
+        assert(PyUnicode_Check(replacement));
+        if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteSubstring(&writer, format, start, end) < 0) {
+            goto Error;
+        }
+        start = i;
+        if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteStr(&writer, replacement) < 0) {
+            goto Error;
+        }
     }  /* end while() */
 
-    if (_PyBytes_Resize(&newfmt, usednew) < 0)
-        goto Done;
-    {
-        PyObject *format;
-        PyObject *strftime = _PyImport_GetModuleAttrString("time", "strftime");
-
-        if (strftime == NULL)
+    PyObject *newformat;
+    if (start == 0) {
+        _PyUnicodeWriter_Dealloc(&writer);
+        newformat = Py_NewRef(format);
+    }
+    else {
+        if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteSubstring(&writer, format, start, flen) < 0) {
+            goto Error;
+        }
+        newformat = _PyUnicodeWriter_Finish(&writer);
+        if (newformat == NULL) {
             goto Done;
-        format = PyUnicode_FromString(PyBytes_AS_STRING(newfmt));
-        if (format != NULL) {
-            result = PyObject_CallFunctionObjArgs(strftime,
-                                                   format, timetuple, NULL);
-            Py_DECREF(format);
         }
-        Py_DECREF(strftime);
     }
+    result = PyObject_CallFunctionObjArgs(strftime,
+                                          newformat, timetuple, NULL);
+    Py_DECREF(newformat);
+
  Done:
     Py_XDECREF(freplacement);
     Py_XDECREF(zreplacement);
     Py_XDECREF(colonzreplacement);
     Py_XDECREF(Zreplacement);
-    Py_XDECREF(newfmt);
+    Py_XDECREF(strftime);
     return result;
+
+ Error:
+    _PyUnicodeWriter_Dealloc(&writer);
+    goto Done;
 }
 
 /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -2857,7 +2881,7 @@ delta_bool(PyDateTime_Delta *self)
 static PyObject *
 delta_repr(PyDateTime_Delta *self)
 {
-    PyObject *args = PyUnicode_FromString("");
+    PyObject *args = Py_GetConstant(Py_CONSTANT_EMPTY_STR);
 
     if (args == NULL) {
         return NULL;
@@ -3090,7 +3114,7 @@ static PyDateTime_Delta *
 look_up_delta(int days, int seconds, int microseconds, PyTypeObject *type)
 {
     if (days == 0 && seconds == 0 && microseconds == 0
-            && type == zero_delta.ob_base.ob_type)
+            && type == Py_TYPE(&zero_delta))
     {
         return &zero_delta;
     }
@@ -3381,6 +3405,27 @@ date_fromisocalendar(PyObject *cls, PyObject *args, PyObject *kw)
     return new_date_subclass_ex(year, month, day, cls);
 }
 
+/* Return new date from _strptime.strptime_datetime_date(). */
+static PyObject *
+date_strptime(PyObject *cls, PyObject *args)
+{
+    PyObject *string, *format, *result;
+
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "UU:strptime", &string, &format)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    PyObject *module = PyImport_Import(&_Py_ID(_strptime));
+    if (module == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    result = PyObject_CallMethodObjArgs(module,
+                                        &_Py_ID(_strptime_datetime_date), cls,
+                                        string, format, NULL);
+    Py_DECREF(module);
+    return result;
+}
+
 
 /*
  * Date arithmetic.
@@ -3776,7 +3821,7 @@ datetime_date_replace_impl(PyDateTime_Date *self, int year, int month,
 static Py_hash_t
 generic_hash(unsigned char *data, int len)
 {
-    return _Py_HashBytes(data, len);
+    return Py_HashBuffer(data, len);
 }
 
 
@@ -3846,6 +3891,11 @@ static PyMethodDef date_methods[] = {
                 "number and weekday.\n\n"
                 "This is the inverse of the date.isocalendar() function")},
 
+    {"strptime", (PyCFunction)date_strptime,
+     METH_VARARGS | METH_CLASS,
+     PyDoc_STR("string, format -> new date parsed from a string "
+               "(like time.strptime()).")},
+
     {"today",         (PyCFunction)date_today,   METH_NOARGS | METH_CLASS,
      PyDoc_STR("Current date or datetime:  same as "
                "self.__class__.fromtimestamp(time.time()).")},
@@ -4580,6 +4630,27 @@ time_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kw)
     return self;
 }
 
+/* Return new time from _strptime.strptime_datetime_time(). */
+static PyObject *
+time_strptime(PyObject *cls, PyObject *args)
+{
+    PyObject *string, *format, *result;
+
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "UU:strptime", &string, &format)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    PyObject *module = PyImport_Import(&_Py_ID(_strptime));
+    if (module == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    result = PyObject_CallMethodObjArgs(module,
+                                        &_Py_ID(_strptime_datetime_time), cls,
+                                        string, format, NULL);
+    Py_DECREF(module);
+    return result;
+}
+
 /*
  * Destructor.
  */
@@ -4933,6 +5004,14 @@ time_fromisoformat(PyObject *cls, PyObject *tstr) {
         goto invalid_string_error;
     }
 
+    if (hour == 24) {
+        if (minute == 0 && second == 0 && microsecond == 0) {
+            hour = 0;
+        } else {
+            goto invalid_iso_midnight;
+        }
+    }
+
     PyObject *tzinfo = tzinfo_from_isoformat_results(rv, tzoffset,
                                                      tzimicrosecond);
 
@@ -4951,6 +5030,10 @@ time_fromisoformat(PyObject *cls, PyObject *tstr) {
     Py_DECREF(tzinfo);
     return t;
 
+invalid_iso_midnight:
+    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "minute, second, and microsecond must be 0 when hour is 24");
+    return NULL;
+
 invalid_string_error:
     PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError, "Invalid isoformat string: %R", tstr);
     return NULL;
@@ -5003,6 +5086,15 @@ time_reduce(PyDateTime_Time *self, PyObject *arg)
 
 static PyMethodDef time_methods[] = {
 
+    /* Class method: */
+
+    {"strptime", (PyCFunction)time_strptime,
+     METH_VARARGS | METH_CLASS,
+     PyDoc_STR("string, format -> new time parsed from a string "
+               "(like time.strptime()).")},
+
+    /* Instance methods: */
+
     {"isoformat",   _PyCFunction_CAST(time_isoformat),        METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS,
      PyDoc_STR("Return string in ISO 8601 format, [HH[:MM[:SS[.mmm[uuu]]]]]"
                "[+HH:MM].\n\n"
@@ -5510,23 +5602,24 @@ datetime_utcfromtimestamp(PyObject *cls, PyObject *args)
     return result;
 }
 
-/* Return new datetime from _strptime.strptime_datetime(). */
+/* Return new datetime from _strptime.strptime_datetime_datetime(). */
 static PyObject *
 datetime_strptime(PyObject *cls, PyObject *args)
 {
-    static PyObject *module = NULL;
-    PyObject *string, *format;
+    PyObject *string, *format, *result;
 
     if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "UU:strptime", &string, &format))
         return NULL;
 
+    PyObject *module = PyImport_Import(&_Py_ID(_strptime));
     if (module == NULL) {
-        module = PyImport_ImportModule("_strptime");
-        if (module == NULL)
-            return NULL;
+        return NULL;
     }
-    return PyObject_CallMethodObjArgs(module, &_Py_ID(_strptime_datetime),
-                                         cls, string, format, NULL);
+    result = PyObject_CallMethodObjArgs(module,
+                                        &_Py_ID(_strptime_datetime_datetime),
+                                        cls, string, format, NULL);
+    Py_DECREF(module);
+    return result;
 }
 
 /* Return new datetime from date/datetime and time arguments. */
@@ -5797,6 +5890,26 @@ datetime_fromisoformat(PyObject *cls, PyObject *dtstr)
         goto error;
     }
 
+    if ((hour == 24) && (month <= 12))  {
+        int d_in_month = days_in_month(year, month);
+        if (day <= d_in_month) {
+            if (minute == 0 && second == 0 && microsecond == 0) {
+                // Calculate midnight of the next day
+                hour = 0;
+                day += 1;
+                if (day > d_in_month) {
+                    day = 1;
+                    month += 1;
+                    if (month > 12) {
+                        month = 1;
+                        year += 1;
+                    }
+                }
+            } else {
+                goto invalid_iso_midnight;
+            }
+        }
+    }
     PyObject *dt = new_datetime_subclass_ex(year, month, day, hour, minute,
                                             second, microsecond, tzinfo, cls);
 
@@ -5804,6 +5917,12 @@ datetime_fromisoformat(PyObject *cls, PyObject *dtstr)
     Py_DECREF(dtstr_clean);
     return dt;
 
+invalid_iso_midnight:
+    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "minute, second, and microsecond must be 0 when hour is 24");
+    Py_DECREF(tzinfo);
+    Py_DECREF(dtstr_clean);
+    return NULL;
+
 invalid_string_error:
     PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError, "Invalid isoformat string: %R", dtstr);
 
@@ -7129,37 +7248,6 @@ clear_state(datetime_state *st)
 }
 
 
-/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- * Global module state.
- */
-
-// If we make _PyStaticType_*ForExtension() public
-// then all this should be managed by the runtime.
-
-static struct {
-    PyMutex mutex;
-    int64_t interp_count;
-} _globals = {0};
-
-static void
-callback_for_interp_exit(void *Py_UNUSED(data))
-{
-    PyInterpreterState *interp = PyInterpreterState_Get();
-
-    assert(_globals.interp_count > 0);
-    PyMutex_Lock(&_globals.mutex);
-    _globals.interp_count -= 1;
-    int final = !_globals.interp_count;
-    PyMutex_Unlock(&_globals.mutex);
-
-    /* They must be done in reverse order so subclasses are finalized
-     * before base classes. */
-    for (size_t i = Py_ARRAY_LENGTH(capi_types); i > 0; i--) {
-        PyTypeObject *type = capi_types[i-1];
-        _PyStaticType_FiniForExtension(interp, type, final);
-    }
-}
-
 static int
 init_static_types(PyInterpreterState *interp, int reloading)
 {
@@ -7182,19 +7270,6 @@ init_static_types(PyInterpreterState *interp, int reloading)
         }
     }
 
-    PyMutex_Lock(&_globals.mutex);
-    assert(_globals.interp_count >= 0);
-    _globals.interp_count += 1;
-    PyMutex_Unlock(&_globals.mutex);
-
-    /* It could make sense to add a separate callback
-     * for each of the types.  However, for now we can take the simpler
-     * approach of a single callback. */
-    if (PyUnstable_AtExit(interp, callback_for_interp_exit, NULL) < 0) {
-        callback_for_interp_exit(NULL);
-        return -1;
-    }
-
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -7254,49 +7329,51 @@ _datetime_exec(PyObject *module)
         Py_DECREF(value);                               \
     } while(0)
 
-    /* timedelta values */
-    PyObject *d = _PyType_GetDict(&PyDateTime_DeltaType);
-    DATETIME_ADD_MACRO(d, "resolution", new_delta(0, 0, 1, 0));
-    DATETIME_ADD_MACRO(d, "min", new_delta(-MAX_DELTA_DAYS, 0, 0, 0));
-    DATETIME_ADD_MACRO(d, "max",
-                       new_delta(MAX_DELTA_DAYS, 24*3600-1, 1000000-1, 0));
-
-    /* date values */
-    d = _PyType_GetDict(&PyDateTime_DateType);
-    DATETIME_ADD_MACRO(d, "min", new_date(1, 1, 1));
-    DATETIME_ADD_MACRO(d, "max", new_date(MAXYEAR, 12, 31));
-    DATETIME_ADD_MACRO(d, "resolution", new_delta(1, 0, 0, 0));
-
-    /* time values */
-    d = _PyType_GetDict(&PyDateTime_TimeType);
-    DATETIME_ADD_MACRO(d, "min", new_time(0, 0, 0, 0, Py_None, 0));
-    DATETIME_ADD_MACRO(d, "max", new_time(23, 59, 59, 999999, Py_None, 0));
-    DATETIME_ADD_MACRO(d, "resolution", new_delta(0, 0, 1, 0));
-
-    /* datetime values */
-    d = _PyType_GetDict(&PyDateTime_DateTimeType);
-    DATETIME_ADD_MACRO(d, "min",
-                       new_datetime(1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, Py_None, 0));
-    DATETIME_ADD_MACRO(d, "max", new_datetime(MAXYEAR, 12, 31, 23, 59, 59,
-                                              999999, Py_None, 0));
-    DATETIME_ADD_MACRO(d, "resolution", new_delta(0, 0, 1, 0));
-
-    /* timezone values */
-    d = _PyType_GetDict(&PyDateTime_TimeZoneType);
-    if (PyDict_SetItemString(d, "utc", (PyObject *)&utc_timezone) < 0) {
-        goto error;
-    }
+    if (!reloading) {
+        /* timedelta values */
+        PyObject *d = _PyType_GetDict(&PyDateTime_DeltaType);
+        DATETIME_ADD_MACRO(d, "resolution", new_delta(0, 0, 1, 0));
+        DATETIME_ADD_MACRO(d, "min", new_delta(-MAX_DELTA_DAYS, 0, 0, 0));
+        DATETIME_ADD_MACRO(d, "max",
+                           new_delta(MAX_DELTA_DAYS, 24*3600-1, 1000000-1, 0));
+
+        /* date values */
+        d = _PyType_GetDict(&PyDateTime_DateType);
+        DATETIME_ADD_MACRO(d, "min", new_date(1, 1, 1));
+        DATETIME_ADD_MACRO(d, "max", new_date(MAXYEAR, 12, 31));
+        DATETIME_ADD_MACRO(d, "resolution", new_delta(1, 0, 0, 0));
+
+        /* time values */
+        d = _PyType_GetDict(&PyDateTime_TimeType);
+        DATETIME_ADD_MACRO(d, "min", new_time(0, 0, 0, 0, Py_None, 0));
+        DATETIME_ADD_MACRO(d, "max", new_time(23, 59, 59, 999999, Py_None, 0));
+        DATETIME_ADD_MACRO(d, "resolution", new_delta(0, 0, 1, 0));
+
+        /* datetime values */
+        d = _PyType_GetDict(&PyDateTime_DateTimeType);
+        DATETIME_ADD_MACRO(d, "min",
+                           new_datetime(1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, Py_None, 0));
+        DATETIME_ADD_MACRO(d, "max", new_datetime(MAXYEAR, 12, 31, 23, 59, 59,
+                                                  999999, Py_None, 0));
+        DATETIME_ADD_MACRO(d, "resolution", new_delta(0, 0, 1, 0));
+
+        /* timezone values */
+        d = _PyType_GetDict(&PyDateTime_TimeZoneType);
+        if (PyDict_SetItemString(d, "utc", (PyObject *)&utc_timezone) < 0) {
+            goto error;
+        }
 
-    /* bpo-37642: These attributes are rounded to the nearest minute for backwards
-     * compatibility, even though the constructor will accept a wider range of
-     * values. This may change in the future.*/
+        /* bpo-37642: These attributes are rounded to the nearest minute for backwards
+        * compatibility, even though the constructor will accept a wider range of
+        * values. This may change in the future.*/
 
-    /* -23:59 */
-    DATETIME_ADD_MACRO(d, "min", create_timezone_from_delta(-1, 60, 0, 1));
+        /* -23:59 */
+        DATETIME_ADD_MACRO(d, "min", create_timezone_from_delta(-1, 60, 0, 1));
 
-    /* +23:59 */
-    DATETIME_ADD_MACRO(
-            d, "max", create_timezone_from_delta(0, (23 * 60 + 59) * 60, 0, 0));
+        /* +23:59 */
+        DATETIME_ADD_MACRO(
+                d, "max", create_timezone_from_delta(0, (23 * 60 + 59) * 60, 0, 0));
+    }
 
 #undef DATETIME_ADD_MACRO
 
@@ -7379,8 +7456,8 @@ module_clear(PyObject *mod)
     PyInterpreterState *interp = PyInterpreterState_Get();
     clear_current_module(interp, mod);
 
-    // We take care of the static types via an interpreter atexit hook.
-    // See callback_for_interp_exit() above.
+    // The runtime takes care of the static types for us.
+    // See _PyTypes_FiniExtTypes()..
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -7394,7 +7471,7 @@ module_free(void *mod)
 static PyModuleDef datetimemodule = {
     .m_base = PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,
     .m_name = "_datetime",
-    .m_doc = "Fast implementation of the datetime type.",
+    .m_doc = "Fast implementation of the datetime module.",
     .m_size = sizeof(datetime_state),
     .m_methods = module_methods,
     .m_slots = module_slots,
diff --git a/Modules/_decimal/_decimal.c b/Modules/_decimal/_decimal.c
index 94a2cc2c8e5f8a..c564813036e504 100644
--- a/Modules/_decimal/_decimal.c
+++ b/Modules/_decimal/_decimal.c
@@ -76,8 +76,9 @@ typedef struct {
 #ifndef WITH_DECIMAL_CONTEXTVAR
     /* Key for thread state dictionary */
     PyObject *tls_context_key;
-    /* Invariant: NULL or the most recently accessed thread local context */
-    struct PyDecContextObject *cached_context;
+    /* Invariant: NULL or a strong reference to the most recently accessed
+       thread local context. */
+    struct PyDecContextObject *cached_context;  /* Not borrowed */
 #else
     PyObject *current_context_var;
 #endif
@@ -121,6 +122,8 @@ get_module_state(PyObject *mod)
 }
 
 static struct PyModuleDef _decimal_module;
+static PyType_Spec dec_spec;
+static PyType_Spec context_spec;
 
 static inline decimal_state *
 get_module_state_by_def(PyTypeObject *tp)
@@ -133,10 +136,16 @@ get_module_state_by_def(PyTypeObject *tp)
 static inline decimal_state *
 find_state_left_or_right(PyObject *left, PyObject *right)
 {
-    PyObject *mod = _PyType_GetModuleByDef2(Py_TYPE(left), Py_TYPE(right),
-                                            &_decimal_module);
-    assert(mod != NULL);
-    return get_module_state(mod);
+    PyTypeObject *base;
+    if (PyType_GetBaseByToken(Py_TYPE(left), &dec_spec, &base) != 1) {
+        assert(!PyErr_Occurred());
+        PyType_GetBaseByToken(Py_TYPE(right), &dec_spec, &base);
+    }
+    assert(base != NULL);
+    void *state = _PyType_GetModuleState(base);
+    assert(state != NULL);
+    Py_DECREF(base);
+    return (decimal_state *)state;
 }
 
 
@@ -160,12 +169,6 @@ find_state_left_or_right(PyObject *left, PyObject *right)
 
 #define BOUNDS_CHECK(x, MIN, MAX) x = (x < MIN || MAX < x) ? MAX : x
 
-#if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
-  #define UNUSED __attribute__((unused))
-#else
-  #define UNUSED
-#endif
-
 /* _Py_DEC_MINALLOC >= MPD_MINALLOC */
 #define _Py_DEC_MINALLOC 4
 
@@ -188,6 +191,7 @@ typedef struct PyDecContextObject {
     PyObject *flags;
     int capitals;
     PyThreadState *tstate;
+    decimal_state *modstate;
 } PyDecContextObject;
 
 typedef struct {
@@ -208,6 +212,15 @@ typedef struct {
 #define CTX(v) (&((PyDecContextObject *)v)->ctx)
 #define CtxCaps(v) (((PyDecContextObject *)v)->capitals)
 
+static inline decimal_state *
+get_module_state_from_ctx(PyObject *v)
+{
+    assert(PyType_GetBaseByToken(Py_TYPE(v), &context_spec, NULL) == 1);
+    decimal_state *state = ((PyDecContextObject *)v)->modstate;
+    assert(state != NULL);
+    return state;
+}
+
 
 Py_LOCAL_INLINE(PyObject *)
 incr_true(void)
@@ -361,7 +374,7 @@ runtime_error_ptr(const char *mesg)
     return runtime_error_ptr("internal error in " funcname)
 
 static void
-dec_traphandler(mpd_context_t *ctx UNUSED) /* GCOV_NOT_REACHED */
+dec_traphandler(mpd_context_t *Py_UNUSED(ctx)) /* GCOV_NOT_REACHED */
 { /* GCOV_NOT_REACHED */
     return; /* GCOV_NOT_REACHED */
 }
@@ -562,7 +575,7 @@ static int
 dec_addstatus(PyObject *context, uint32_t status)
 {
     mpd_context_t *ctx = CTX(context);
-    decimal_state *state = get_module_state_by_def(Py_TYPE(context));
+    decimal_state *state = get_module_state_from_ctx(context);
 
     ctx->status |= status;
     if (status & (ctx->traps|MPD_Malloc_error)) {
@@ -623,7 +636,8 @@ getround(decimal_state *state, PyObject *v)
 static const char *INVALID_SIGNALDICT_ERROR_MSG = "invalid signal dict";
 
 static int
-signaldict_init(PyObject *self, PyObject *args UNUSED, PyObject *kwds UNUSED)
+signaldict_init(PyObject *self,
+                PyObject *Py_UNUSED(args), PyObject *Py_UNUSED(kwds))
 {
     SdFlagAddr(self) = NULL;
     return 0;
@@ -749,7 +763,7 @@ signaldict_richcompare(PyObject *v, PyObject *w, int op)
 {
     PyObject *res = Py_NotImplemented;
 
-    decimal_state *state = find_state_left_or_right(v, w);
+    decimal_state *state = get_module_state_by_def(Py_TYPE(v));
     assert(PyDecSignalDict_Check(state, v));
 
     if ((SdFlagAddr(v) == NULL) || (SdFlagAddr(w) == NULL)) {
@@ -781,7 +795,7 @@ signaldict_richcompare(PyObject *v, PyObject *w, int op)
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-signaldict_copy(PyObject *self, PyObject *args UNUSED)
+signaldict_copy(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(dummy))
 {
     if (SdFlagAddr(self) == NULL) {
         return value_error_ptr(INVALID_SIGNALDICT_ERROR_MSG);
@@ -792,7 +806,7 @@ signaldict_copy(PyObject *self, PyObject *args UNUSED)
 
 
 static PyMethodDef signaldict_methods[] = {
-    { "copy", (PyCFunction)signaldict_copy, METH_NOARGS, NULL},
+    { "copy", signaldict_copy, METH_NOARGS, NULL},
     {NULL, NULL}
 };
 
@@ -828,18 +842,18 @@ static PyType_Spec signaldict_spec = {
 /*                         Context Object, Part 1                             */
 /******************************************************************************/
 
-#define Dec_CONTEXT_GET_SSIZE(mem) \
-static PyObject *                                       \
-context_get##mem(PyObject *self, void *closure UNUSED)  \
-{                                                       \
-    return PyLong_FromSsize_t(mpd_get##mem(CTX(self))); \
+#define Dec_CONTEXT_GET_SSIZE(mem)                          \
+static PyObject *                                           \
+context_get##mem(PyObject *self, void *Py_UNUSED(closure))  \
+{                                                           \
+    return PyLong_FromSsize_t(mpd_get##mem(CTX(self)));     \
 }
 
-#define Dec_CONTEXT_GET_ULONG(mem) \
-static PyObject *                                            \
-context_get##mem(PyObject *self, void *closure UNUSED)       \
-{                                                            \
-    return PyLong_FromUnsignedLong(mpd_get##mem(CTX(self))); \
+#define Dec_CONTEXT_GET_ULONG(mem)                              \
+static PyObject *                                               \
+context_get##mem(PyObject *self, void *Py_UNUSED(closure))      \
+{                                                               \
+    return PyLong_FromUnsignedLong(mpd_get##mem(CTX(self)));    \
 }
 
 Dec_CONTEXT_GET_SSIZE(prec)
@@ -853,42 +867,42 @@ Dec_CONTEXT_GET_ULONG(status)
 #endif
 
 static PyObject *
-context_getround(PyObject *self, void *closure UNUSED)
+context_getround(PyObject *self, void *Py_UNUSED(closure))
 {
     int i = mpd_getround(CTX(self));
-    decimal_state *state = get_module_state_by_def(Py_TYPE(self));
+    decimal_state *state = get_module_state_from_ctx(self);
 
     return Py_NewRef(state->round_map[i]);
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-context_getcapitals(PyObject *self, void *closure UNUSED)
+context_getcapitals(PyObject *self, void *Py_UNUSED(closure))
 {
     return PyLong_FromLong(CtxCaps(self));
 }
 
 #ifdef EXTRA_FUNCTIONALITY
 static PyObject *
-context_getallcr(PyObject *self, void *closure UNUSED)
+context_getallcr(PyObject *self, void *Py_UNUSED(closure))
 {
     return PyLong_FromLong(mpd_getcr(CTX(self)));
 }
 #endif
 
 static PyObject *
-context_getetiny(PyObject *self, PyObject *dummy UNUSED)
+context_getetiny(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(dummy))
 {
     return PyLong_FromSsize_t(mpd_etiny(CTX(self)));
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-context_getetop(PyObject *self, PyObject *dummy UNUSED)
+context_getetop(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(dummy))
 {
     return PyLong_FromSsize_t(mpd_etop(CTX(self)));
 }
 
 static int
-context_setprec(PyObject *self, PyObject *value, void *closure UNUSED)
+context_setprec(PyObject *self, PyObject *value, void *Py_UNUSED(closure))
 {
     mpd_context_t *ctx;
     mpd_ssize_t x;
@@ -908,7 +922,7 @@ context_setprec(PyObject *self, PyObject *value, void *closure UNUSED)
 }
 
 static int
-context_setemin(PyObject *self, PyObject *value, void *closure UNUSED)
+context_setemin(PyObject *self, PyObject *value, void *Py_UNUSED(closure))
 {
     mpd_context_t *ctx;
     mpd_ssize_t x;
@@ -928,7 +942,7 @@ context_setemin(PyObject *self, PyObject *value, void *closure UNUSED)
 }
 
 static int
-context_setemax(PyObject *self, PyObject *value, void *closure UNUSED)
+context_setemax(PyObject *self, PyObject *value, void *Py_UNUSED(closure))
 {
     mpd_context_t *ctx;
     mpd_ssize_t x;
@@ -1010,12 +1024,12 @@ context_unsafe_setemax(PyObject *self, PyObject *value)
 #endif
 
 static int
-context_setround(PyObject *self, PyObject *value, void *closure UNUSED)
+context_setround(PyObject *self, PyObject *value, void *Py_UNUSED(closure))
 {
     mpd_context_t *ctx;
     int x;
 
-    decimal_state *state = get_module_state_by_def(Py_TYPE(self));
+    decimal_state *state = get_module_state_from_ctx(self);
     x = getround(state, value);
     if (x == -1) {
         return -1;
@@ -1030,7 +1044,7 @@ context_setround(PyObject *self, PyObject *value, void *closure UNUSED)
 }
 
 static int
-context_setcapitals(PyObject *self, PyObject *value, void *closure UNUSED)
+context_setcapitals(PyObject *self, PyObject *value, void *Py_UNUSED(closure))
 {
     mpd_ssize_t x;
 
@@ -1050,7 +1064,7 @@ context_setcapitals(PyObject *self, PyObject *value, void *closure UNUSED)
 
 #ifdef EXTRA_FUNCTIONALITY
 static int
-context_settraps(PyObject *self, PyObject *value, void *closure UNUSED)
+context_settraps(PyObject *self, PyObject *value, void *Py_UNUSED(closure))
 {
     mpd_context_t *ctx;
     uint32_t flags;
@@ -1074,7 +1088,7 @@ context_settraps_list(PyObject *self, PyObject *value)
 {
     mpd_context_t *ctx;
     uint32_t flags;
-    decimal_state *state = get_module_state_by_def(Py_TYPE(self));
+    decimal_state *state = get_module_state_from_ctx(self);
     flags = list_as_flags(state, value);
     if (flags & DEC_ERRORS) {
         return -1;
@@ -1094,7 +1108,7 @@ context_settraps_dict(PyObject *self, PyObject *value)
     mpd_context_t *ctx;
     uint32_t flags;
 
-    decimal_state *state = get_module_state_by_def(Py_TYPE(self));
+    decimal_state *state = get_module_state_from_ctx(self);
     if (PyDecSignalDict_Check(state, value)) {
         flags = SdFlags(value);
     }
@@ -1115,7 +1129,7 @@ context_settraps_dict(PyObject *self, PyObject *value)
 
 #ifdef EXTRA_FUNCTIONALITY
 static int
-context_setstatus(PyObject *self, PyObject *value, void *closure UNUSED)
+context_setstatus(PyObject *self, PyObject *value, void *Py_UNUSED(closure))
 {
     mpd_context_t *ctx;
     uint32_t flags;
@@ -1139,7 +1153,7 @@ context_setstatus_list(PyObject *self, PyObject *value)
 {
     mpd_context_t *ctx;
     uint32_t flags;
-    decimal_state *state = get_module_state_by_def(Py_TYPE(self));
+    decimal_state *state = get_module_state_from_ctx(self);
 
     flags = list_as_flags(state, value);
     if (flags & DEC_ERRORS) {
@@ -1160,7 +1174,7 @@ context_setstatus_dict(PyObject *self, PyObject *value)
     mpd_context_t *ctx;
     uint32_t flags;
 
-    decimal_state *state = get_module_state_by_def(Py_TYPE(self));
+    decimal_state *state = get_module_state_from_ctx(self);
     if (PyDecSignalDict_Check(state, value)) {
         flags = SdFlags(value);
     }
@@ -1180,7 +1194,7 @@ context_setstatus_dict(PyObject *self, PyObject *value)
 }
 
 static int
-context_setclamp(PyObject *self, PyObject *value, void *closure UNUSED)
+context_setclamp(PyObject *self, PyObject *value, void *Py_UNUSED(closure))
 {
     mpd_context_t *ctx;
     mpd_ssize_t x;
@@ -1201,7 +1215,7 @@ context_setclamp(PyObject *self, PyObject *value, void *closure UNUSED)
 
 #ifdef EXTRA_FUNCTIONALITY
 static int
-context_setallcr(PyObject *self, PyObject *value, void *closure UNUSED)
+context_setallcr(PyObject *self, PyObject *value, void *Py_UNUSED(closure))
 {
     mpd_context_t *ctx;
     mpd_ssize_t x;
@@ -1323,14 +1337,14 @@ context_setattrs(PyObject *self, PyObject *prec, PyObject *rounding,
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-context_clear_traps(PyObject *self, PyObject *dummy UNUSED)
+context_clear_traps(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(dummy))
 {
     CTX(self)->traps = 0;
     Py_RETURN_NONE;
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-context_clear_flags(PyObject *self, PyObject *dummy UNUSED)
+context_clear_flags(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(dummy))
 {
     CTX(self)->status = 0;
     Py_RETURN_NONE;
@@ -1346,7 +1360,8 @@ static mpd_context_t dflt_ctx = {
 };
 
 static PyObject *
-context_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args UNUSED, PyObject *kwds UNUSED)
+context_new(PyTypeObject *type,
+            PyObject *Py_UNUSED(args), PyObject *Py_UNUSED(kwds))
 {
     PyDecContextObject *self = NULL;
     mpd_context_t *ctx;
@@ -1389,7 +1404,12 @@ context_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args UNUSED, PyObject *kwds UNUSED)
 
     CtxCaps(self) = 1;
     self->tstate = NULL;
+    self->modstate = state;
 
+    if (type == state->PyDecContext_Type) {
+        PyObject_GC_Track(self);
+    }
+    assert(PyObject_GC_IsTracked((PyObject *)self));
     return (PyObject *)self;
 }
 
@@ -1415,12 +1435,6 @@ context_dealloc(PyDecContextObject *self)
 {
     PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(self);
     PyObject_GC_UnTrack(self);
-#ifndef WITH_DECIMAL_CONTEXTVAR
-    decimal_state *state = get_module_state_by_def(Py_TYPE(self));
-    if (self == state->cached_context) {
-        state->cached_context = NULL;
-    }
-#endif
     (void)context_clear(self);
     tp->tp_free(self);
     Py_DECREF(tp);
@@ -1468,7 +1482,7 @@ context_repr(PyDecContextObject *self)
     int n, mem;
 
 #ifdef Py_DEBUG
-    decimal_state *state = get_module_state_by_def(Py_TYPE(self));
+    decimal_state *state = get_module_state_from_ctx((PyObject *)self);
     assert(PyDecContext_Check(state, self));
 #endif
     ctx = CTX(self);
@@ -1519,7 +1533,7 @@ init_extended_context(PyObject *v)
 #ifdef EXTRA_FUNCTIONALITY
 /* Factory function for creating IEEE interchange format contexts */
 static PyObject *
-ieee_context(PyObject *dummy UNUSED, PyObject *v)
+ieee_context(PyObject *module, PyObject *v)
 {
     PyObject *context;
     mpd_ssize_t bits;
@@ -1536,7 +1550,7 @@ ieee_context(PyObject *dummy UNUSED, PyObject *v)
         goto error;
     }
 
-    decimal_state *state = get_module_state_by_def(Py_TYPE(v));
+    decimal_state *state = get_module_state(module);
     context = PyObject_CallObject((PyObject *)state->PyDecContext_Type, NULL);
     if (context == NULL) {
         return NULL;
@@ -1555,11 +1569,11 @@ ieee_context(PyObject *dummy UNUSED, PyObject *v)
 #endif
 
 static PyObject *
-context_copy(PyObject *self, PyObject *args UNUSED)
+context_copy(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(dummy))
 {
     PyObject *copy;
 
-    decimal_state *state = get_module_state_by_def(Py_TYPE(self));
+    decimal_state *state = get_module_state_from_ctx(self);
     copy = PyObject_CallObject((PyObject *)state->PyDecContext_Type, NULL);
     if (copy == NULL) {
         return NULL;
@@ -1573,13 +1587,13 @@ context_copy(PyObject *self, PyObject *args UNUSED)
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-context_reduce(PyObject *self, PyObject *args UNUSED)
+context_reduce(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(dummy))
 {
     PyObject *flags;
     PyObject *traps;
     PyObject *ret;
     mpd_context_t *ctx;
-    decimal_state *state = get_module_state_by_def(Py_TYPE(self));
+    decimal_state *state = get_module_state_from_ctx(self);
 
     ctx = CTX(self);
 
@@ -1697,7 +1711,8 @@ current_context_from_dict(decimal_state *modstate)
 
     /* Cache the context of the current thread, assuming that it
      * will be accessed several times before a thread switch. */
-    modstate->cached_context = (PyDecContextObject *)tl_context;
+    Py_XSETREF(modstate->cached_context,
+               (PyDecContextObject *)Py_NewRef(tl_context));
     modstate->cached_context->tstate = tstate;
 
     /* Borrowed reference with refcount==1 */
@@ -1717,15 +1732,17 @@ current_context(decimal_state *modstate)
 }
 
 /* ctxobj := borrowed reference to the current context */
-#define CURRENT_CONTEXT(state, ctxobj) \
-    ctxobj = current_context(state); \
-    if (ctxobj == NULL) {       \
-        return NULL;            \
-    }
+#define CURRENT_CONTEXT(STATE, CTXOBJ)      \
+    do {                                    \
+        CTXOBJ = current_context(STATE);    \
+        if (CTXOBJ == NULL) {               \
+            return NULL;                    \
+        }                                   \
+    } while (0)
 
 /* Return a new reference to the current context */
 static PyObject *
-PyDec_GetCurrentContext(PyObject *self, PyObject *args UNUSED)
+PyDec_GetCurrentContext(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(dummy))
 {
     PyObject *context;
     decimal_state *state = get_module_state(self);
@@ -1765,7 +1782,7 @@ PyDec_SetCurrentContext(PyObject *self, PyObject *v)
         Py_INCREF(v);
     }
 
-    state->cached_context = NULL;
+    Py_CLEAR(state->cached_context);
     if (PyDict_SetItem(dict, state->tls_context_key, v) < 0) {
         Py_DECREF(v);
         return NULL;
@@ -1810,16 +1827,18 @@ current_context(decimal_state *state)
 }
 
 /* ctxobj := borrowed reference to the current context */
-#define CURRENT_CONTEXT(state, ctxobj) \
-    ctxobj = current_context(state);   \
-    if (ctxobj == NULL) {       \
-        return NULL;            \
-    }                           \
-    Py_DECREF(ctxobj);
+#define CURRENT_CONTEXT(STATE, CTXOBJ)      \
+    do {                                    \
+        CTXOBJ = current_context(STATE);    \
+        if (CTXOBJ == NULL) {               \
+            return NULL;                    \
+        }                                   \
+        Py_DECREF(CTXOBJ);                  \
+    } while (0)
 
 /* Return a new reference to the current context */
 static PyObject *
-PyDec_GetCurrentContext(PyObject *self, PyObject *args UNUSED)
+PyDec_GetCurrentContext(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(dummy))
 {
     decimal_state *state = get_module_state(self);
     return current_context(state);
@@ -1956,7 +1975,8 @@ ctxmanager_dealloc(PyDecContextManagerObject *self)
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-ctxmanager_set_local(PyDecContextManagerObject *self, PyObject *args UNUSED)
+ctxmanager_set_local(PyDecContextManagerObject *self,
+                     PyObject *Py_UNUSED(dummy))
 {
     PyObject *ret;
 
@@ -1971,7 +1991,7 @@ ctxmanager_set_local(PyDecContextManagerObject *self, PyObject *args UNUSED)
 
 static PyObject *
 ctxmanager_restore_global(PyDecContextManagerObject *self,
-                          PyObject *args UNUSED)
+                          PyObject *Py_UNUSED(args))
 {
     PyObject *ret;
 
@@ -2014,11 +2034,10 @@ static PyType_Spec ctxmanager_spec = {
 /******************************************************************************/
 
 static PyObject *
-PyDecType_New(PyTypeObject *type)
+PyDecType_New(decimal_state *state, PyTypeObject *type)
 {
     PyDecObject *dec;
 
-    decimal_state *state = get_module_state_by_def(type);
     if (type == state->PyDec_Type) {
         dec = PyObject_GC_New(PyDecObject, state->PyDec_Type);
     }
@@ -2038,9 +2057,13 @@ PyDecType_New(PyTypeObject *type)
     MPD(dec)->alloc = _Py_DEC_MINALLOC;
     MPD(dec)->data = dec->data;
 
+    if (type == state->PyDec_Type) {
+        PyObject_GC_Track(dec);
+    }
+    assert(PyObject_GC_IsTracked((PyObject *)dec));
     return (PyObject *)dec;
 }
-#define dec_alloc(st) PyDecType_New((st)->PyDec_Type)
+#define dec_alloc(st) PyDecType_New(st, (st)->PyDec_Type)
 
 static int
 dec_traverse(PyObject *dec, visitproc visit, void *arg)
@@ -2143,7 +2166,8 @@ PyDecType_FromCString(PyTypeObject *type, const char *s,
     PyObject *dec;
     uint32_t status = 0;
 
-    dec = PyDecType_New(type);
+    decimal_state *state = get_module_state_from_ctx(context);
+    dec = PyDecType_New(state, type);
     if (dec == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
@@ -2167,7 +2191,8 @@ PyDecType_FromCStringExact(PyTypeObject *type, const char *s,
     uint32_t status = 0;
     mpd_context_t maxctx;
 
-    dec = PyDecType_New(type);
+    decimal_state *state = get_module_state_from_ctx(context);
+    dec = PyDecType_New(state, type);
     if (dec == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
@@ -2254,7 +2279,8 @@ PyDecType_FromSsize(PyTypeObject *type, mpd_ssize_t v, PyObject *context)
     PyObject *dec;
     uint32_t status = 0;
 
-    dec = PyDecType_New(type);
+    decimal_state *state = get_module_state_from_ctx(context);
+    dec = PyDecType_New(state, type);
     if (dec == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
@@ -2275,7 +2301,8 @@ PyDecType_FromSsizeExact(PyTypeObject *type, mpd_ssize_t v, PyObject *context)
     uint32_t status = 0;
     mpd_context_t maxctx;
 
-    dec = PyDecType_New(type);
+    decimal_state *state = get_module_state_from_ctx(context);
+    dec = PyDecType_New(state, type);
     if (dec == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
@@ -2293,13 +2320,13 @@ PyDecType_FromSsizeExact(PyTypeObject *type, mpd_ssize_t v, PyObject *context)
 /* Convert from a PyLongObject. The context is not modified; flags set
    during conversion are accumulated in the status parameter. */
 static PyObject *
-dec_from_long(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *v,
+dec_from_long(decimal_state *state, PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *v,
               const mpd_context_t *ctx, uint32_t *status)
 {
     PyObject *dec;
     PyLongObject *l = (PyLongObject *)v;
 
-    dec = PyDecType_New(type);
+    dec = PyDecType_New(state, type);
     if (dec == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
@@ -2344,7 +2371,8 @@ PyDecType_FromLong(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *v, PyObject *context)
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    dec = dec_from_long(type, v, CTX(context), &status);
+    decimal_state *state = get_module_state_from_ctx(context);
+    dec = dec_from_long(state, type, v, CTX(context), &status);
     if (dec == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
@@ -2373,7 +2401,8 @@ PyDecType_FromLongExact(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *v,
     }
 
     mpd_maxcontext(&maxctx);
-    dec = dec_from_long(type, v, &maxctx, &status);
+    decimal_state *state = get_module_state_from_ctx(context);
+    dec = dec_from_long(state, type, v, &maxctx, &status);
     if (dec == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
@@ -2405,7 +2434,7 @@ PyDecType_FromFloatExact(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *v,
     mpd_t *d1, *d2;
     uint32_t status = 0;
     mpd_context_t maxctx;
-    decimal_state *state = get_module_state_by_def(type);
+    decimal_state *state = get_module_state_from_ctx(context);
 
 #ifdef Py_DEBUG
     assert(PyType_IsSubtype(type, state->PyDec_Type));
@@ -2426,7 +2455,7 @@ PyDecType_FromFloatExact(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *v,
     sign = (copysign(1.0, x) == 1.0) ? 0 : 1;
 
     if (isnan(x) || isinf(x)) {
-        dec = PyDecType_New(type);
+        dec = PyDecType_New(state, type);
         if (dec == NULL) {
             return NULL;
         }
@@ -2543,12 +2572,12 @@ PyDecType_FromDecimalExact(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *v, PyObject *context)
     PyObject *dec;
     uint32_t status = 0;
 
-    decimal_state *state = get_module_state_by_def(type);
+    decimal_state *state = get_module_state_from_ctx(context);
     if (type == state->PyDec_Type && PyDec_CheckExact(state, v)) {
         return Py_NewRef(v);
     }
 
-    dec = PyDecType_New(type);
+    dec = PyDecType_New(state, type);
     if (dec == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
@@ -2828,11 +2857,56 @@ dec_from_float(PyObject *type, PyObject *pyfloat)
     return result;
 }
 
+/* 'v' can have any numeric type accepted by the Decimal constructor. Attempt
+   an exact conversion. If the result does not meet the restrictions
+   for an mpd_t, fail with InvalidOperation. */
+static PyObject *
+PyDecType_FromNumberExact(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *v, PyObject *context)
+{
+    decimal_state *state = get_module_state_by_def(type);
+    assert(v != NULL);
+    if (PyDec_Check(state, v)) {
+        return PyDecType_FromDecimalExact(type, v, context);
+    }
+    else if (PyLong_Check(v)) {
+        return PyDecType_FromLongExact(type, v, context);
+    }
+    else if (PyFloat_Check(v)) {
+        if (dec_addstatus(context, MPD_Float_operation)) {
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        return PyDecType_FromFloatExact(type, v, context);
+    }
+    else {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
+            "conversion from %s to Decimal is not supported",
+            Py_TYPE(v)->tp_name);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+}
+
+/* class method */
+static PyObject *
+dec_from_number(PyObject *type, PyObject *number)
+{
+    PyObject *context;
+    PyObject *result;
+
+    decimal_state *state = get_module_state_by_def((PyTypeObject *)type);
+    CURRENT_CONTEXT(state, context);
+    result = PyDecType_FromNumberExact(state->PyDec_Type, number, context);
+    if (type != (PyObject *)state->PyDec_Type && result != NULL) {
+        Py_SETREF(result, PyObject_CallFunctionObjArgs(type, result, NULL));
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
 /* create_decimal_from_float */
 static PyObject *
 ctx_from_float(PyObject *context, PyObject *v)
 {
-    decimal_state *state = get_module_state_by_def(Py_TYPE(context));
+    decimal_state *state = get_module_state_from_ctx(context);
     return PyDec_FromFloat(state, v, context);
 }
 
@@ -2843,7 +2917,7 @@ dec_apply(PyObject *v, PyObject *context)
     PyObject *result;
     uint32_t status = 0;
 
-    decimal_state *state = get_module_state_by_def(Py_TYPE(context));
+    decimal_state *state = get_module_state_from_ctx(context);
     result = dec_alloc(state);
     if (result == NULL) {
         return NULL;
@@ -2870,7 +2944,7 @@ dec_apply(PyObject *v, PyObject *context)
 static PyObject *
 PyDecType_FromObjectExact(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *v, PyObject *context)
 {
-    decimal_state *state = get_module_state_by_def(type);
+    decimal_state *state = get_module_state_from_ctx(context);
     if (v == NULL) {
         return PyDecType_FromSsizeExact(type, 0, context);
     }
@@ -2905,7 +2979,7 @@ PyDecType_FromObjectExact(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *v, PyObject *context)
 static PyObject *
 PyDec_FromObject(PyObject *v, PyObject *context)
 {
-    decimal_state *state = get_module_state_by_def(Py_TYPE(context));
+    decimal_state *state = get_module_state_from_ctx(context);
     if (v == NULL) {
         return PyDec_FromSsize(state, 0, context);
     }
@@ -2992,7 +3066,7 @@ ctx_create_decimal(PyObject *context, PyObject *args)
 Py_LOCAL_INLINE(int)
 convert_op(int type_err, PyObject **conv, PyObject *v, PyObject *context)
 {
-    decimal_state *state = get_module_state_by_def(Py_TYPE(context));
+    decimal_state *state = get_module_state_from_ctx(context);
     if (PyDec_Check(state, v)) {
         *conv = Py_NewRef(v);
         return 1;
@@ -3095,7 +3169,7 @@ multiply_by_denominator(PyObject *v, PyObject *r, PyObject *context)
     if (tmp == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
-    decimal_state *state = get_module_state_by_def(Py_TYPE(context));
+    decimal_state *state = get_module_state_from_ctx(context);
     denom = PyDec_FromLongExact(state, tmp, context);
     Py_DECREF(tmp);
     if (denom == NULL) {
@@ -3150,7 +3224,7 @@ numerator_as_decimal(PyObject *r, PyObject *context)
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    decimal_state *state = get_module_state_by_def(Py_TYPE(context));
+    decimal_state *state = get_module_state_from_ctx(context);
     num = PyDec_FromLongExact(state, tmp, context);
     Py_DECREF(tmp);
     return num;
@@ -3169,7 +3243,7 @@ convert_op_cmp(PyObject **vcmp, PyObject **wcmp, PyObject *v, PyObject *w,
 
     *vcmp = v;
 
-    decimal_state *state = get_module_state_by_def(Py_TYPE(context));
+    decimal_state *state = get_module_state_from_ctx(context);
     if (PyDec_Check(state, w)) {
         *wcmp = Py_NewRef(w);
     }
@@ -3630,7 +3704,7 @@ dec_as_long(PyObject *dec, PyObject *context, int round)
 
 /* Convert a Decimal to its exact integer ratio representation. */
 static PyObject *
-dec_as_integer_ratio(PyObject *self, PyObject *args UNUSED)
+dec_as_integer_ratio(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(dummy))
 {
     PyObject *numerator = NULL;
     PyObject *denominator = NULL;
@@ -3898,7 +3972,7 @@ PyDec_Round(PyObject *dec, PyObject *args)
 
 /* Return the DecimalTuple representation of a PyDecObject. */
 static PyObject *
-PyDec_AsTuple(PyObject *dec, PyObject *dummy UNUSED)
+PyDec_AsTuple(PyObject *dec, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(dummy))
 {
     PyObject *result = NULL;
     PyObject *sign = NULL;
@@ -4054,7 +4128,7 @@ nm_##MPDFUNC(PyObject *self, PyObject *other)                    \
 /* Boolean function without a context arg. */
 #define Dec_BoolFunc(MPDFUNC) \
 static PyObject *                                           \
-dec_##MPDFUNC(PyObject *self, PyObject *dummy UNUSED)       \
+dec_##MPDFUNC(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(dummy))   \
 {                                                           \
     return MPDFUNC(MPD(self)) ? incr_true() : incr_false(); \
 }
@@ -4383,7 +4457,7 @@ Dec_BoolFuncVA(mpd_issubnormal)
 
 /* Unary functions, no context arg */
 static PyObject *
-dec_mpd_adjexp(PyObject *self, PyObject *dummy UNUSED)
+dec_mpd_adjexp(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(dummy))
 {
     mpd_ssize_t retval;
 
@@ -4398,23 +4472,22 @@ dec_mpd_adjexp(PyObject *self, PyObject *dummy UNUSED)
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-dec_canonical(PyObject *self, PyObject *dummy UNUSED)
+dec_canonical(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(dummy))
 {
     return Py_NewRef(self);
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-dec_conjugate(PyObject *self, PyObject *dummy UNUSED)
+dec_conjugate(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(dummy))
 {
     return Py_NewRef(self);
 }
 
-static PyObject *
-dec_mpd_radix(PyObject *self, PyObject *dummy UNUSED)
+static inline PyObject *
+_dec_mpd_radix(decimal_state *state)
 {
     PyObject *result;
 
-    decimal_state *state = get_module_state_by_def(Py_TYPE(self));
     result = dec_alloc(state);
     if (result == NULL) {
         return NULL;
@@ -4425,7 +4498,14 @@ dec_mpd_radix(PyObject *self, PyObject *dummy UNUSED)
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-dec_mpd_qcopy_abs(PyObject *self, PyObject *dummy UNUSED)
+dec_mpd_radix(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(dummy))
+{
+    decimal_state *state = get_module_state_by_def(Py_TYPE(self));
+    return _dec_mpd_radix(state);
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+dec_mpd_qcopy_abs(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(dummy))
 {
     PyObject *result;
     uint32_t status = 0;
@@ -4446,7 +4526,7 @@ dec_mpd_qcopy_abs(PyObject *self, PyObject *dummy UNUSED)
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-dec_mpd_qcopy_negate(PyObject *self, PyObject *dummy UNUSED)
+dec_mpd_qcopy_negate(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(dummy))
 {
     PyObject *result;
     uint32_t status = 0;
@@ -4700,7 +4780,7 @@ dec_richcompare(PyObject *v, PyObject *w, int op)
 
 /* __ceil__ */
 static PyObject *
-dec_ceil(PyObject *self, PyObject *dummy UNUSED)
+dec_ceil(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(dummy))
 {
     PyObject *context;
 
@@ -4711,7 +4791,7 @@ dec_ceil(PyObject *self, PyObject *dummy UNUSED)
 
 /* __complex__ */
 static PyObject *
-dec_complex(PyObject *self, PyObject *dummy UNUSED)
+dec_complex(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(dummy))
 {
     PyObject *f;
     double x;
@@ -4730,16 +4810,16 @@ dec_complex(PyObject *self, PyObject *dummy UNUSED)
     return PyComplex_FromDoubles(x, 0);
 }
 
-/* __copy__ and __deepcopy__ */
+/* __copy__ (METH_NOARGS) and __deepcopy__ (METH_O) */
 static PyObject *
-dec_copy(PyObject *self, PyObject *dummy UNUSED)
+dec_copy(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(dummy))
 {
     return Py_NewRef(self);
 }
 
 /* __floor__ */
 static PyObject *
-dec_floor(PyObject *self, PyObject *dummy UNUSED)
+dec_floor(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(dummy))
 {
     PyObject *context;
 
@@ -4876,7 +4956,7 @@ dec_hash(PyDecObject *self)
 
 /* __reduce__ */
 static PyObject *
-dec_reduce(PyObject *self, PyObject *dummy UNUSED)
+dec_reduce(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(dummy))
 {
     PyObject *result, *str;
 
@@ -4893,7 +4973,7 @@ dec_reduce(PyObject *self, PyObject *dummy UNUSED)
 
 /* __sizeof__ */
 static PyObject *
-dec_sizeof(PyObject *v, PyObject *dummy UNUSED)
+dec_sizeof(PyObject *v, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(dummy))
 {
     size_t res = _PyObject_SIZE(Py_TYPE(v));
     if (mpd_isdynamic_data(MPD(v))) {
@@ -4904,7 +4984,7 @@ dec_sizeof(PyObject *v, PyObject *dummy UNUSED)
 
 /* __trunc__ */
 static PyObject *
-dec_trunc(PyObject *self, PyObject *dummy UNUSED)
+dec_trunc(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(dummy))
 {
     PyObject *context;
 
@@ -4915,13 +4995,13 @@ dec_trunc(PyObject *self, PyObject *dummy UNUSED)
 
 /* real and imag */
 static PyObject *
-dec_real(PyObject *self, void *closure UNUSED)
+dec_real(PyObject *self, void *Py_UNUSED(closure))
 {
     return Py_NewRef(self);
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-dec_imag(PyObject *self UNUSED, void *closure UNUSED)
+dec_imag(PyObject *self, void *Py_UNUSED(closure))
 {
     PyObject *result;
 
@@ -5017,6 +5097,7 @@ static PyMethodDef dec_methods [] =
 
   /* Miscellaneous */
   { "from_float", dec_from_float, METH_O|METH_CLASS, doc_from_float },
+  { "from_number", dec_from_number, METH_O|METH_CLASS, doc_from_number },
   { "as_tuple", PyDec_AsTuple, METH_NOARGS, doc_as_tuple },
   { "as_integer_ratio", dec_as_integer_ratio, METH_NOARGS, doc_as_integer_ratio },
 
@@ -5036,6 +5117,7 @@ static PyMethodDef dec_methods [] =
 };
 
 static PyType_Slot dec_slots[] = {
+    {Py_tp_token, Py_TP_USE_SPEC},
     {Py_tp_dealloc, dec_dealloc},
     {Py_tp_getattro, PyObject_GenericGetAttr},
     {Py_tp_traverse, dec_traverse},
@@ -5125,7 +5207,7 @@ ctx_##MPDFUNC(PyObject *context, PyObject *v)            \
                                                          \
     CONVERT_OP_RAISE(&a, v, context);                    \
     decimal_state *state =                               \
-        get_module_state_by_def(Py_TYPE(context));       \
+        get_module_state_from_ctx(context);              \
     if ((result = dec_alloc(state)) == NULL) {           \
         Py_DECREF(a);                                    \
         return NULL;                                     \
@@ -5157,7 +5239,7 @@ ctx_##MPDFUNC(PyObject *context, PyObject *args)                 \
                                                                  \
     CONVERT_BINOP_RAISE(&a, &b, v, w, context);                  \
     decimal_state *state =                                       \
-        get_module_state_by_def(Py_TYPE(context));               \
+        get_module_state_from_ctx(context);                      \
     if ((result = dec_alloc(state)) == NULL) {                   \
         Py_DECREF(a);                                            \
         Py_DECREF(b);                                            \
@@ -5193,7 +5275,7 @@ ctx_##MPDFUNC(PyObject *context, PyObject *args) \
                                                  \
     CONVERT_BINOP_RAISE(&a, &b, v, w, context);  \
     decimal_state *state =                       \
-        get_module_state_by_def(Py_TYPE(context)); \
+        get_module_state_from_ctx(context);      \
     if ((result = dec_alloc(state)) == NULL) {   \
         Py_DECREF(a);                            \
         Py_DECREF(b);                            \
@@ -5222,7 +5304,7 @@ ctx_##MPDFUNC(PyObject *context, PyObject *args)                         \
     }                                                                    \
                                                                          \
     CONVERT_TERNOP_RAISE(&a, &b, &c, v, w, x, context);                  \
-    decimal_state *state = get_module_state_by_def(Py_TYPE(context));    \
+    decimal_state *state = get_module_state_from_ctx(context);           \
     if ((result = dec_alloc(state)) == NULL) {                           \
         Py_DECREF(a);                                                    \
         Py_DECREF(b);                                                    \
@@ -5288,7 +5370,7 @@ ctx_mpd_qdivmod(PyObject *context, PyObject *args)
     }
 
     CONVERT_BINOP_RAISE(&a, &b, v, w, context);
-    decimal_state *state = get_module_state_by_def(Py_TYPE(context));
+    decimal_state *state = get_module_state_from_ctx(context);
     q = dec_alloc(state);
     if (q == NULL) {
         Py_DECREF(a);
@@ -5343,7 +5425,7 @@ ctx_mpd_qpow(PyObject *context, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
         }
     }
 
-    decimal_state *state = get_module_state_by_def(Py_TYPE(context));
+    decimal_state *state = get_module_state_from_ctx(context);
     result = dec_alloc(state);
     if (result == NULL) {
         Py_DECREF(a);
@@ -5378,7 +5460,8 @@ DecCtx_TernaryFunc(mpd_qfma)
 static PyObject *
 ctx_mpd_radix(PyObject *context, PyObject *dummy)
 {
-    return dec_mpd_radix(context, dummy);
+    decimal_state *state = get_module_state_from_ctx(context);
+    return _dec_mpd_radix(state);
 }
 
 /* Boolean functions: single decimal argument */
@@ -5395,7 +5478,7 @@ DecCtx_BoolFunc_NO_CTX(mpd_iszero)
 static PyObject *
 ctx_iscanonical(PyObject *context, PyObject *v)
 {
-    decimal_state *state = get_module_state_by_def(Py_TYPE(context));
+    decimal_state *state = get_module_state_from_ctx(context);
     if (!PyDec_Check(state, v)) {
         PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
             "argument must be a Decimal");
@@ -5421,7 +5504,7 @@ PyDecContext_Apply(PyObject *context, PyObject *v)
 static PyObject *
 ctx_canonical(PyObject *context, PyObject *v)
 {
-    decimal_state *state = get_module_state_by_def(Py_TYPE(context));
+    decimal_state *state = get_module_state_from_ctx(context);
     if (!PyDec_Check(state, v)) {
         PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
             "argument must be a Decimal");
@@ -5438,7 +5521,7 @@ ctx_mpd_qcopy_abs(PyObject *context, PyObject *v)
     uint32_t status = 0;
 
     CONVERT_OP_RAISE(&a, v, context);
-    decimal_state *state = get_module_state_by_def(Py_TYPE(context));
+    decimal_state *state = get_module_state_from_ctx(context);
     result = dec_alloc(state);
     if (result == NULL) {
         Py_DECREF(a);
@@ -5471,7 +5554,7 @@ ctx_mpd_qcopy_negate(PyObject *context, PyObject *v)
     uint32_t status = 0;
 
     CONVERT_OP_RAISE(&a, v, context);
-    decimal_state *state = get_module_state_by_def(Py_TYPE(context));
+    decimal_state *state = get_module_state_from_ctx(context);
     result = dec_alloc(state);
     if (result == NULL) {
         Py_DECREF(a);
@@ -5568,7 +5651,7 @@ ctx_mpd_qcopy_sign(PyObject *context, PyObject *args)
     }
 
     CONVERT_BINOP_RAISE(&a, &b, v, w, context);
-    decimal_state *state = get_module_state_by_def(Py_TYPE(context));
+    decimal_state *state = get_module_state_from_ctx(context);
     result = dec_alloc(state);
     if (result == NULL) {
         Py_DECREF(a);
@@ -5713,9 +5796,9 @@ static PyMethodDef context_methods [] =
 #endif
 
   /* Miscellaneous */
-  { "__copy__", (PyCFunction)context_copy, METH_NOARGS, NULL },
+  { "__copy__", context_copy, METH_NOARGS, NULL },
   { "__reduce__", context_reduce, METH_NOARGS, NULL },
-  { "copy", (PyCFunction)context_copy, METH_NOARGS, doc_ctx_copy },
+  { "copy", context_copy, METH_NOARGS, doc_ctx_copy },
   { "create_decimal", ctx_create_decimal, METH_VARARGS, doc_ctx_create_decimal },
   { "create_decimal_from_float", ctx_from_float, METH_O, doc_ctx_create_decimal_from_float },
 
@@ -5723,6 +5806,7 @@ static PyMethodDef context_methods [] =
 };
 
 static PyType_Slot context_slots[] = {
+    {Py_tp_token, Py_TP_USE_SPEC},
     {Py_tp_dealloc, context_dealloc},
     {Py_tp_traverse, context_traverse},
     {Py_tp_clear, context_clear},
@@ -5748,11 +5832,11 @@ static PyType_Spec context_spec = {
 
 static PyMethodDef _decimal_methods [] =
 {
-  { "getcontext", (PyCFunction)PyDec_GetCurrentContext, METH_NOARGS, doc_getcontext},
-  { "setcontext", (PyCFunction)PyDec_SetCurrentContext, METH_O, doc_setcontext},
+  { "getcontext", PyDec_GetCurrentContext, METH_NOARGS, doc_getcontext},
+  { "setcontext", PyDec_SetCurrentContext, METH_O, doc_setcontext},
   { "localcontext", _PyCFunction_CAST(ctxmanager_new), METH_VARARGS|METH_KEYWORDS, doc_localcontext},
 #ifdef EXTRA_FUNCTIONALITY
-  { "IEEEContext", (PyCFunction)ieee_context, METH_O, doc_ieee_context},
+  { "IEEEContext", ieee_context, METH_O, doc_ieee_context},
 #endif
   { NULL, NULL, 1, NULL }
 };
@@ -6114,6 +6198,16 @@ decimal_traverse(PyObject *module, visitproc visit, void *arg)
     Py_VISIT(state->Rational);
     Py_VISIT(state->SignalTuple);
 
+    if (state->signal_map != NULL) {
+        for (DecCondMap *cm = state->signal_map; cm->name != NULL; cm++) {
+            Py_VISIT(cm->ex);
+        }
+    }
+    if (state->cond_map != NULL) {
+        for (DecCondMap *cm = state->cond_map + 1; cm->name != NULL; cm++) {
+            Py_VISIT(cm->ex);
+        }
+    }
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -6143,8 +6237,22 @@ decimal_clear(PyObject *module)
     Py_CLEAR(state->SignalTuple);
     Py_CLEAR(state->PyDecimal);
 
-    PyMem_Free(state->signal_map);
-    PyMem_Free(state->cond_map);
+    if (state->signal_map != NULL) {
+        for (DecCondMap *cm = state->signal_map; cm->name != NULL; cm++) {
+            Py_DECREF(cm->ex);
+        }
+        PyMem_Free(state->signal_map);
+        state->signal_map = NULL;
+    }
+
+    if (state->cond_map != NULL) {
+        // cond_map[0].ex has borrowed a reference from signal_map[0].ex
+        for (DecCondMap *cm = state->cond_map + 1; cm->name != NULL; cm++) {
+            Py_DECREF(cm->ex);
+        }
+        PyMem_Free(state->cond_map);
+        state->cond_map = NULL;
+    }
     return 0;
 }
 
diff --git a/Modules/_decimal/docstrings.h b/Modules/_decimal/docstrings.h
index a1823cdd32b74c..b34bff83d3f4e9 100644
--- a/Modules/_decimal/docstrings.h
+++ b/Modules/_decimal/docstrings.h
@@ -189,6 +189,19 @@ Decimal.from_float(0.1) is not the same as Decimal('0.1').\n\
 \n\
 \n");
 
+PyDoc_STRVAR(doc_from_number,
+"from_number($type, number, /)\n--\n\n\
+Class method that converts a real number to a decimal number, exactly.\n\
+\n\
+    >>> Decimal.from_number(314)              # int\n\
+    Decimal('314')\n\
+    >>> Decimal.from_number(0.1)              # float\n\
+    Decimal('0.1000000000000000055511151231257827021181583404541015625')\n\
+    >>> Decimal.from_number(Decimal('3.14'))  # another decimal instance\n\
+    Decimal('3.14')\n\
+\n\
+\n");
+
 PyDoc_STRVAR(doc_fma,
 "fma($self, /, other, third, context=None)\n--\n\n\
 Fused multiply-add.  Return self*other+third with no rounding of the\n\
diff --git a/Modules/_elementtree.c b/Modules/_elementtree.c
index 3818e20b4f0f28..e134e096e044b7 100644
--- a/Modules/_elementtree.c
+++ b/Modules/_elementtree.c
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ list_join(PyObject* list)
     PyObject* joiner;
     PyObject* result;
 
-    joiner = PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize("", 0);
+    joiner = Py_GetConstant(Py_CONSTANT_EMPTY_STR);
     if (!joiner)
         return NULL;
     result = PyUnicode_Join(joiner, list);
@@ -1213,12 +1213,8 @@ _elementtree_Element_extend_impl(ElementObject *self, PyTypeObject *cls,
     PyObject* seq;
     Py_ssize_t i;
 
-    seq = PySequence_Fast(elements, "");
+    seq = PySequence_Fast(elements, "'elements' must be an iterable");
     if (!seq) {
-        PyErr_Format(
-            PyExc_TypeError,
-            "expected sequence, not \"%.200s\"", Py_TYPE(elements)->tp_name
-            );
         return NULL;
     }
 
@@ -1321,7 +1317,7 @@ _elementtree_Element_findtext_impl(ElementObject *self, PyTypeObject *cls,
             PyObject* text = element_get_text((ElementObject*)item);
             if (text == Py_None) {
                 Py_DECREF(item);
-                return PyUnicode_New(0, 0);
+                return Py_GetConstant(Py_CONSTANT_EMPTY_STR);
             }
             Py_XINCREF(text);
             Py_DECREF(item);
@@ -1918,12 +1914,8 @@ element_ass_subscr(PyObject* self_, PyObject* item, PyObject* value)
         }
 
         /* A new slice is actually being assigned */
-        seq = PySequence_Fast(value, "");
+        seq = PySequence_Fast(value, "assignment expects an iterable");
         if (!seq) {
-            PyErr_Format(
-                PyExc_TypeError,
-                "expected sequence, not \"%.200s\"", Py_TYPE(value)->tp_name
-                );
             return -1;
         }
         newlen = PySequence_Fast_GET_SIZE(seq);
diff --git a/Modules/_functoolsmodule.c b/Modules/_functoolsmodule.c
index 9dee7bf3062710..802b1cf792c555 100644
--- a/Modules/_functoolsmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/_functoolsmodule.c
@@ -25,6 +25,8 @@ class _functools._lru_cache_wrapper "PyObject *" "&lru_cache_type_spec"
 typedef struct _functools_state {
     /* this object is used delimit args and keywords in the cache keys */
     PyObject *kwd_mark;
+    PyTypeObject *placeholder_type;
+    PyObject *placeholder;  // strong reference (singleton)
     PyTypeObject *partial_type;
     PyTypeObject *keyobject_type;
     PyTypeObject *lru_list_elem_type;
@@ -41,6 +43,95 @@ get_functools_state(PyObject *module)
 
 /* partial object **********************************************************/
 
+
+// The 'Placeholder' singleton indicates which formal positional
+// parameters are to be bound first when using a 'partial' object.
+
+typedef struct {
+    PyObject_HEAD
+} placeholderobject;
+
+static inline _functools_state *
+get_functools_state_by_type(PyTypeObject *type);
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR(placeholder_doc,
+"The type of the Placeholder singleton.\n\n"
+"Used as a placeholder for partial arguments.");
+
+static PyObject *
+placeholder_repr(PyObject *op)
+{
+    return PyUnicode_FromString("Placeholder");
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+placeholder_reduce(PyObject *op, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
+{
+    return PyUnicode_FromString("Placeholder");
+}
+
+static PyMethodDef placeholder_methods[] = {
+    {"__reduce__", placeholder_reduce, METH_NOARGS, NULL},
+    {NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+static void
+placeholder_dealloc(PyObject* self)
+{
+    PyObject_GC_UnTrack(self);
+    PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(self);
+    tp->tp_free((PyObject*)self);
+    Py_DECREF(tp);
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+placeholder_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
+{
+    if (PyTuple_GET_SIZE(args) || (kwargs && PyDict_GET_SIZE(kwargs))) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "PlaceholderType takes no arguments");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    _functools_state *state = get_functools_state_by_type(type);
+    if (state->placeholder != NULL) {
+        return Py_NewRef(state->placeholder);
+    }
+
+    PyObject *placeholder = PyType_GenericNew(type, NULL, NULL);
+    if (placeholder == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    if (state->placeholder == NULL) {
+        state->placeholder = Py_NewRef(placeholder);
+    }
+    return placeholder;
+}
+
+static int
+placeholder_traverse(PyObject *self, visitproc visit, void *arg)
+{
+    Py_VISIT(Py_TYPE(self));
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static PyType_Slot placeholder_type_slots[] = {
+    {Py_tp_dealloc, placeholder_dealloc},
+    {Py_tp_repr, placeholder_repr},
+    {Py_tp_doc, (void *)placeholder_doc},
+    {Py_tp_methods, placeholder_methods},
+    {Py_tp_new, placeholder_new},
+    {Py_tp_traverse, placeholder_traverse},
+    {0, 0}
+};
+
+static PyType_Spec placeholder_type_spec = {
+    .name = "functools._PlaceholderType",
+    .basicsize = sizeof(placeholderobject),
+    .flags = Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_IMMUTABLETYPE | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC,
+    .slots = placeholder_type_slots
+};
+
+
 typedef struct {
     PyObject_HEAD
     PyObject *fn;
@@ -48,13 +139,18 @@ typedef struct {
     PyObject *kw;
     PyObject *dict;        /* __dict__ */
     PyObject *weakreflist; /* List of weak references */
+    PyObject *placeholder; /* Placeholder for positional arguments */
+    Py_ssize_t phcount;    /* Number of placeholders */
     vectorcallfunc vectorcall;
 } partialobject;
 
+// cast a PyObject pointer PTR to a partialobject pointer (no type checks)
+#define _PyPartialObject_CAST(PTR)  ((partialobject *)(PTR))
+
 static void partial_setvectorcall(partialobject *pto);
 static struct PyModuleDef _functools_module;
 static PyObject *
-partial_call(partialobject *pto, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs);
+partial_call(PyObject *pto, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs);
 
 static inline _functools_state *
 get_functools_state_by_type(PyTypeObject *type)
@@ -70,23 +166,38 @@ get_functools_state_by_type(PyTypeObject *type)
 static PyObject *
 partial_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kw)
 {
-    PyObject *func, *pargs, *nargs, *pkw;
+    PyObject *func, *pto_args, *new_args, *pto_kw, *phold;
     partialobject *pto;
+    Py_ssize_t pto_phcount = 0;
+    Py_ssize_t new_nargs = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(args) - 1;
 
-    if (PyTuple_GET_SIZE(args) < 1) {
+    if (new_nargs < 0) {
         PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
                         "type 'partial' takes at least one argument");
         return NULL;
     }
+    func = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args, 0);
+    if (!PyCallable_Check(func)) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "the first argument must be callable");
+        return NULL;
+    }
 
     _functools_state *state = get_functools_state_by_type(type);
     if (state == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
+    phold = state->placeholder;
 
-    pargs = pkw = NULL;
-    func = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args, 0);
+    /* Placeholder restrictions */
+    if (new_nargs && PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args, new_nargs) == phold) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "trailing Placeholders are not allowed");
+        return NULL;
+    }
 
+    /* check wrapped function / object */
+    pto_args = pto_kw = NULL;
     int res = PyObject_TypeCheck(func, state->partial_type);
     if (res == -1) {
         return NULL;
@@ -95,18 +206,14 @@ partial_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kw)
         // We can use its underlying function directly and merge the arguments.
         partialobject *part = (partialobject *)func;
         if (part->dict == NULL) {
-            pargs = part->args;
-            pkw = part->kw;
+            pto_args = part->args;
+            pto_kw = part->kw;
             func = part->fn;
-            assert(PyTuple_Check(pargs));
-            assert(PyDict_Check(pkw));
+            pto_phcount = part->phcount;
+            assert(PyTuple_Check(pto_args));
+            assert(PyDict_Check(pto_kw));
         }
     }
-    if (!PyCallable_Check(func)) {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
-                        "the first argument must be callable");
-        return NULL;
-    }
 
     /* create partialobject structure */
     pto = (partialobject *)type->tp_alloc(type, 0);
@@ -114,18 +221,58 @@ partial_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kw)
         return NULL;
 
     pto->fn = Py_NewRef(func);
+    pto->placeholder = phold;
 
-    nargs = PyTuple_GetSlice(args, 1, PY_SSIZE_T_MAX);
-    if (nargs == NULL) {
+    new_args = PyTuple_GetSlice(args, 1, new_nargs + 1);
+    if (new_args == NULL) {
         Py_DECREF(pto);
         return NULL;
     }
-    if (pargs == NULL) {
-        pto->args = nargs;
+
+    /* Count placeholders */
+    Py_ssize_t phcount = 0;
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < new_nargs - 1; i++) {
+        if (PyTuple_GET_ITEM(new_args, i) == phold) {
+            phcount++;
+        }
+    }
+    /* merge args with args of `func` which is `partial` */
+    if (pto_phcount > 0 && new_nargs > 0) {
+        Py_ssize_t npargs = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(pto_args);
+        Py_ssize_t tot_nargs = npargs;
+        if (new_nargs > pto_phcount) {
+            tot_nargs += new_nargs - pto_phcount;
+        }
+        PyObject *item;
+        PyObject *tot_args = PyTuple_New(tot_nargs);
+        for (Py_ssize_t i = 0, j = 0; i < tot_nargs; i++) {
+            if (i < npargs) {
+                item = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(pto_args, i);
+                if (j < new_nargs && item == phold) {
+                    item = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(new_args, j);
+                    j++;
+                    pto_phcount--;
+                }
+            }
+            else {
+                item = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(new_args, j);
+                j++;
+            }
+            Py_INCREF(item);
+            PyTuple_SET_ITEM(tot_args, i, item);
+        }
+        pto->args = tot_args;
+        pto->phcount = pto_phcount + phcount;
+        Py_DECREF(new_args);
+    }
+    else if (pto_args == NULL) {
+        pto->args = new_args;
+        pto->phcount = phcount;
     }
     else {
-        pto->args = PySequence_Concat(pargs, nargs);
-        Py_DECREF(nargs);
+        pto->args = PySequence_Concat(pto_args, new_args);
+        pto->phcount = pto_phcount + phcount;
+        Py_DECREF(new_args);
         if (pto->args == NULL) {
             Py_DECREF(pto);
             return NULL;
@@ -133,7 +280,7 @@ partial_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kw)
         assert(PyTuple_Check(pto->args));
     }
 
-    if (pkw == NULL || PyDict_GET_SIZE(pkw) == 0) {
+    if (pto_kw == NULL || PyDict_GET_SIZE(pto_kw) == 0) {
         if (kw == NULL) {
             pto->kw = PyDict_New();
         }
@@ -145,7 +292,7 @@ partial_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kw)
         }
     }
     else {
-        pto->kw = PyDict_Copy(pkw);
+        pto->kw = PyDict_Copy(pto_kw);
         if (kw != NULL && pto->kw != NULL) {
             if (PyDict_Merge(pto->kw, kw, 1) != 0) {
                 Py_DECREF(pto);
@@ -163,8 +310,9 @@ partial_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kw)
 }
 
 static int
-partial_clear(partialobject *pto)
+partial_clear(PyObject *self)
 {
+    partialobject *pto = _PyPartialObject_CAST(self);
     Py_CLEAR(pto->fn);
     Py_CLEAR(pto->args);
     Py_CLEAR(pto->kw);
@@ -173,8 +321,9 @@ partial_clear(partialobject *pto)
 }
 
 static int
-partial_traverse(partialobject *pto, visitproc visit, void *arg)
+partial_traverse(PyObject *self, visitproc visit, void *arg)
 {
+    partialobject *pto = _PyPartialObject_CAST(self);
     Py_VISIT(Py_TYPE(pto));
     Py_VISIT(pto->fn);
     Py_VISIT(pto->args);
@@ -184,19 +333,27 @@ partial_traverse(partialobject *pto, visitproc visit, void *arg)
 }
 
 static void
-partial_dealloc(partialobject *pto)
+partial_dealloc(PyObject *self)
 {
-    PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(pto);
+    PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(self);
     /* bpo-31095: UnTrack is needed before calling any callbacks */
-    PyObject_GC_UnTrack(pto);
-    if (pto->weakreflist != NULL) {
-        PyObject_ClearWeakRefs((PyObject *) pto);
+    PyObject_GC_UnTrack(self);
+    if (_PyPartialObject_CAST(self)->weakreflist != NULL) {
+        PyObject_ClearWeakRefs(self);
     }
-    (void)partial_clear(pto);
-    tp->tp_free(pto);
+    (void)partial_clear(self);
+    tp->tp_free(self);
     Py_DECREF(tp);
 }
 
+static PyObject *
+partial_descr_get(PyObject *self, PyObject *obj, PyObject *type)
+{
+    if (obj == Py_None || obj == NULL) {
+        return Py_NewRef(self);
+    }
+    return PyMethod_New(self, obj);
+}
 
 /* Merging keyword arguments using the vectorcall convention is messy, so
  * if we would need to do that, we stop using vectorcall and fall back
@@ -208,32 +365,39 @@ partial_vectorcall_fallback(PyThreadState *tstate, partialobject *pto,
 {
     pto->vectorcall = NULL;
     Py_ssize_t nargs = PyVectorcall_NARGS(nargsf);
-    return _PyObject_MakeTpCall(tstate, (PyObject *)pto,
-                                args, nargs, kwnames);
+    return _PyObject_MakeTpCall(tstate, (PyObject *)pto, args, nargs, kwnames);
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-partial_vectorcall(partialobject *pto, PyObject *const *args,
+partial_vectorcall(PyObject *self, PyObject *const *args,
                    size_t nargsf, PyObject *kwnames)
 {
+    partialobject *pto = _PyPartialObject_CAST(self);;
     PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
+    Py_ssize_t nargs = PyVectorcall_NARGS(nargsf);
 
     /* pto->kw is mutable, so need to check every time */
     if (PyDict_GET_SIZE(pto->kw)) {
         return partial_vectorcall_fallback(tstate, pto, args, nargsf, kwnames);
     }
+    Py_ssize_t pto_phcount = pto->phcount;
+    if (nargs < pto_phcount) {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
+                     "missing positional arguments in 'partial' call; "
+                     "expected at least %zd, got %zd", pto_phcount, nargs);
+        return NULL;
+    }
 
-    Py_ssize_t nargs = PyVectorcall_NARGS(nargsf);
-    Py_ssize_t nargs_total = nargs;
+    Py_ssize_t nargskw = nargs;
     if (kwnames != NULL) {
-        nargs_total += PyTuple_GET_SIZE(kwnames);
+        nargskw += PyTuple_GET_SIZE(kwnames);
     }
 
     PyObject **pto_args = _PyTuple_ITEMS(pto->args);
     Py_ssize_t pto_nargs = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(pto->args);
 
     /* Fast path if we're called without arguments */
-    if (nargs_total == 0) {
+    if (nargskw == 0) {
         return _PyObject_VectorcallTstate(tstate, pto->fn,
                                           pto_args, pto_nargs, NULL);
     }
@@ -250,29 +414,47 @@ partial_vectorcall(partialobject *pto, PyObject *const *args,
         return ret;
     }
 
-    Py_ssize_t newnargs_total = pto_nargs + nargs_total;
-
     PyObject *small_stack[_PY_FASTCALL_SMALL_STACK];
-    PyObject *ret;
     PyObject **stack;
 
-    if (newnargs_total <= (Py_ssize_t)Py_ARRAY_LENGTH(small_stack)) {
+    Py_ssize_t tot_nargskw = pto_nargs + nargskw - pto_phcount;
+    if (tot_nargskw <= (Py_ssize_t)Py_ARRAY_LENGTH(small_stack)) {
         stack = small_stack;
     }
     else {
-        stack = PyMem_Malloc(newnargs_total * sizeof(PyObject *));
+        stack = PyMem_Malloc(tot_nargskw * sizeof(PyObject *));
         if (stack == NULL) {
             PyErr_NoMemory();
             return NULL;
         }
     }
 
-    /* Copy to new stack, using borrowed references */
-    memcpy(stack, pto_args, pto_nargs * sizeof(PyObject*));
-    memcpy(stack + pto_nargs, args, nargs_total * sizeof(PyObject*));
-
-    ret = _PyObject_VectorcallTstate(tstate, pto->fn,
-                                     stack, pto_nargs + nargs, kwnames);
+    Py_ssize_t tot_nargs;
+    if (pto_phcount) {
+        tot_nargs = pto_nargs + nargs - pto_phcount;
+        Py_ssize_t j = 0;       // New args index
+        for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < pto_nargs; i++) {
+            if (pto_args[i] == pto->placeholder) {
+                stack[i] = args[j];
+                j += 1;
+            }
+            else {
+                stack[i] = pto_args[i];
+            }
+        }
+        assert(j == pto_phcount);
+        if (nargskw > pto_phcount) {
+            memcpy(stack + pto_nargs, args + j, (nargskw - j) * sizeof(PyObject*));
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        tot_nargs = pto_nargs + nargs;
+        /* Copy to new stack, using borrowed references */
+        memcpy(stack, pto_args, pto_nargs * sizeof(PyObject*));
+        memcpy(stack + pto_nargs, args, nargskw * sizeof(PyObject*));
+    }
+    PyObject *ret = _PyObject_VectorcallTstate(tstate, pto->fn,
+                                               stack, tot_nargs, kwnames);
     if (stack != small_stack) {
         PyMem_Free(stack);
     }
@@ -291,53 +473,95 @@ partial_setvectorcall(partialobject *pto)
      * but that is unlikely (why use partial without arguments?),
      * so we don't optimize that */
     else {
-        pto->vectorcall = (vectorcallfunc)partial_vectorcall;
+        pto->vectorcall = partial_vectorcall;
     }
 }
 
 
 // Not converted to argument clinic, because of `*args, **kwargs` arguments.
 static PyObject *
-partial_call(partialobject *pto, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
+partial_call(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
 {
+    partialobject *pto = _PyPartialObject_CAST(self);
     assert(PyCallable_Check(pto->fn));
     assert(PyTuple_Check(pto->args));
     assert(PyDict_Check(pto->kw));
 
+    Py_ssize_t nargs = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(args);
+    Py_ssize_t pto_phcount = pto->phcount;
+    if (nargs < pto_phcount) {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
+                     "missing positional arguments in 'partial' call; "
+                     "expected at least %zd, got %zd", pto_phcount, nargs);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
     /* Merge keywords */
-    PyObject *kwargs2;
+    PyObject *tot_kw;
     if (PyDict_GET_SIZE(pto->kw) == 0) {
         /* kwargs can be NULL */
-        kwargs2 = Py_XNewRef(kwargs);
+        tot_kw = Py_XNewRef(kwargs);
     }
     else {
         /* bpo-27840, bpo-29318: dictionary of keyword parameters must be
            copied, because a function using "**kwargs" can modify the
            dictionary. */
-        kwargs2 = PyDict_Copy(pto->kw);
-        if (kwargs2 == NULL) {
+        tot_kw = PyDict_Copy(pto->kw);
+        if (tot_kw == NULL) {
             return NULL;
         }
 
         if (kwargs != NULL) {
-            if (PyDict_Merge(kwargs2, kwargs, 1) != 0) {
-                Py_DECREF(kwargs2);
+            if (PyDict_Merge(tot_kw, kwargs, 1) != 0) {
+                Py_DECREF(tot_kw);
                 return NULL;
             }
         }
     }
 
     /* Merge positional arguments */
-    /* Note: tupleconcat() is optimized for empty tuples */
-    PyObject *args2 = PySequence_Concat(pto->args, args);
-    if (args2 == NULL) {
-        Py_XDECREF(kwargs2);
-        return NULL;
+    PyObject *tot_args;
+    if (pto_phcount) {
+        Py_ssize_t pto_nargs = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(pto->args);
+        Py_ssize_t tot_nargs = pto_nargs + nargs - pto_phcount;
+        assert(tot_nargs >= 0);
+        tot_args = PyTuple_New(tot_nargs);
+        if (tot_args == NULL) {
+            Py_XDECREF(tot_kw);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        PyObject *pto_args = pto->args;
+        PyObject *item;
+        Py_ssize_t j = 0;   // New args index
+        for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < pto_nargs; i++) {
+            item = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(pto_args, i);
+            if (item == pto->placeholder) {
+                item = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args, j);
+                j += 1;
+            }
+            Py_INCREF(item);
+            PyTuple_SET_ITEM(tot_args, i, item);
+        }
+        assert(j == pto_phcount);
+        for (Py_ssize_t i = pto_nargs; i < tot_nargs; i++) {
+            item = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args, j);
+            Py_INCREF(item);
+            PyTuple_SET_ITEM(tot_args, i, item);
+            j += 1;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        /* Note: tupleconcat() is optimized for empty tuples */
+        tot_args = PySequence_Concat(pto->args, args);
+        if (tot_args == NULL) {
+            Py_XDECREF(tot_kw);
+            return NULL;
+        }
     }
 
-    PyObject *res = PyObject_Call(pto->fn, args2, kwargs2);
-    Py_DECREF(args2);
-    Py_XDECREF(kwargs2);
+    PyObject *res = PyObject_Call(pto->fn, tot_args, tot_kw);
+    Py_DECREF(tot_args);
+    Py_XDECREF(tot_kw);
     return res;
 }
 
@@ -369,8 +593,9 @@ static PyGetSetDef partial_getsetlist[] = {
 };
 
 static PyObject *
-partial_repr(partialobject *pto)
+partial_repr(PyObject *self)
 {
+    partialobject *pto = _PyPartialObject_CAST(self);
     PyObject *result = NULL;
     PyObject *arglist;
     PyObject *mod;
@@ -379,18 +604,18 @@ partial_repr(partialobject *pto)
     PyObject *key, *value;
     int status;
 
-    status = Py_ReprEnter((PyObject *)pto);
+    status = Py_ReprEnter(self);
     if (status != 0) {
         if (status < 0)
             return NULL;
         return PyUnicode_FromString("...");
     }
 
-    arglist = PyUnicode_FromString("");
+    arglist = Py_GetConstant(Py_CONSTANT_EMPTY_STR);
     if (arglist == NULL)
         goto done;
     /* Pack positional arguments */
-    assert (PyTuple_Check(pto->args));
+    assert(PyTuple_Check(pto->args));
     n = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(pto->args);
     for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
         Py_SETREF(arglist, PyUnicode_FromFormat("%U, %R", arglist,
@@ -425,11 +650,11 @@ partial_repr(partialobject *pto)
     Py_DECREF(arglist);
 
  done:
-    Py_ReprLeave((PyObject *)pto);
+    Py_ReprLeave(self);
     return result;
  error:
     Py_DECREF(arglist);
-    Py_ReprLeave((PyObject *)pto);
+    Py_ReprLeave(self);
     return NULL;
 }
 
@@ -441,20 +666,25 @@ partial_repr(partialobject *pto)
  */
 
 static PyObject *
-partial_reduce(partialobject *pto, PyObject *unused)
+partial_reduce(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(args))
 {
+    partialobject *pto = _PyPartialObject_CAST(self);
     return Py_BuildValue("O(O)(OOOO)", Py_TYPE(pto), pto->fn, pto->fn,
                          pto->args, pto->kw,
                          pto->dict ? pto->dict : Py_None);
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-partial_setstate(partialobject *pto, PyObject *state)
+partial_setstate(PyObject *self, PyObject *state)
 {
+    partialobject *pto = _PyPartialObject_CAST(self);
     PyObject *fn, *fnargs, *kw, *dict;
 
-    if (!PyTuple_Check(state) ||
-        !PyArg_ParseTuple(state, "OOOO", &fn, &fnargs, &kw, &dict) ||
+    if (!PyTuple_Check(state)) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "invalid partial state");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(state, "OOOO", &fn, &fnargs, &kw, &dict) ||
         !PyCallable_Check(fn) ||
         !PyTuple_Check(fnargs) ||
         (kw != Py_None && !PyDict_Check(kw)))
@@ -463,6 +693,20 @@ partial_setstate(partialobject *pto, PyObject *state)
         return NULL;
     }
 
+    Py_ssize_t nargs = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(fnargs);
+    if (nargs && PyTuple_GET_ITEM(fnargs, nargs - 1) == pto->placeholder) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "trailing Placeholders are not allowed");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    /* Count placeholders */
+    Py_ssize_t phcount = 0;
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < nargs - 1; i++) {
+        if (PyTuple_GET_ITEM(fnargs, i) == pto->placeholder) {
+            phcount++;
+        }
+    }
+
     if(!PyTuple_CheckExact(fnargs))
         fnargs = PySequence_Tuple(fnargs);
     else
@@ -485,18 +729,18 @@ partial_setstate(partialobject *pto, PyObject *state)
         dict = NULL;
     else
         Py_INCREF(dict);
-
     Py_SETREF(pto->fn, Py_NewRef(fn));
     Py_SETREF(pto->args, fnargs);
     Py_SETREF(pto->kw, kw);
+    pto->phcount = phcount;
     Py_XSETREF(pto->dict, dict);
     partial_setvectorcall(pto);
     Py_RETURN_NONE;
 }
 
 static PyMethodDef partial_methods[] = {
-    {"__reduce__", (PyCFunction)partial_reduce, METH_NOARGS},
-    {"__setstate__", (PyCFunction)partial_setstate, METH_O},
+    {"__reduce__", partial_reduce, METH_NOARGS},
+    {"__setstate__", partial_setstate, METH_O},
     {"__class_getitem__",    Py_GenericAlias,
     METH_O|METH_CLASS,       PyDoc_STR("See PEP 585")},
     {NULL,              NULL}           /* sentinel */
@@ -514,6 +758,7 @@ static PyType_Slot partial_type_slots[] = {
     {Py_tp_methods, partial_methods},
     {Py_tp_members, partial_memberlist},
     {Py_tp_getset, partial_getsetlist},
+    {Py_tp_descr_get, partial_descr_get},
     {Py_tp_new, partial_new},
     {Py_tp_free, PyObject_GC_Del},
     {0, 0}
@@ -1489,6 +1734,25 @@ _functools_exec(PyObject *module)
         return -1;
     }
 
+    state->placeholder_type = (PyTypeObject *)PyType_FromModuleAndSpec(module,
+        &placeholder_type_spec, NULL);
+    if (state->placeholder_type == NULL) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    if (PyModule_AddType(module, state->placeholder_type) < 0) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    PyObject *placeholder = PyObject_CallNoArgs((PyObject *)state->placeholder_type);
+    if (placeholder == NULL) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    if (PyModule_AddObjectRef(module, "Placeholder", placeholder) < 0) {
+        Py_DECREF(placeholder);
+        return -1;
+    }
+    Py_DECREF(placeholder);
+
     state->partial_type = (PyTypeObject *)PyType_FromModuleAndSpec(module,
         &partial_type_spec, NULL);
     if (state->partial_type == NULL) {
@@ -1533,6 +1797,8 @@ _functools_traverse(PyObject *module, visitproc visit, void *arg)
 {
     _functools_state *state = get_functools_state(module);
     Py_VISIT(state->kwd_mark);
+    Py_VISIT(state->placeholder_type);
+    Py_VISIT(state->placeholder);
     Py_VISIT(state->partial_type);
     Py_VISIT(state->keyobject_type);
     Py_VISIT(state->lru_list_elem_type);
@@ -1544,6 +1810,8 @@ _functools_clear(PyObject *module)
 {
     _functools_state *state = get_functools_state(module);
     Py_CLEAR(state->kwd_mark);
+    Py_CLEAR(state->placeholder_type);
+    Py_CLEAR(state->placeholder);
     Py_CLEAR(state->partial_type);
     Py_CLEAR(state->keyobject_type);
     Py_CLEAR(state->lru_list_elem_type);
diff --git a/Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_Blake2b.c b/Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_Blake2b.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..cd3b9777e09f6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_Blake2b.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1565 @@
+/* MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 INRIA, CMU and Microsoft Corporation
+ * Copyright (c) 2022-2023 HACL* Contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+
+#include "internal/Hacl_Hash_Blake2b.h"
+
+#include "internal/Hacl_Impl_Blake2_Constants.h"
+#include "lib_memzero0.h"
+
+static void
+update_block(
+  uint64_t *wv,
+  uint64_t *hash,
+  bool flag,
+  bool last_node,
+  FStar_UInt128_uint128 totlen,
+  uint8_t *d
+)
+{
+  uint64_t m_w[16U] = { 0U };
+  KRML_MAYBE_FOR16(i,
+    0U,
+    16U,
+    1U,
+    uint64_t *os = m_w;
+    uint8_t *bj = d + i * 8U;
+    uint64_t u = load64_le(bj);
+    uint64_t r = u;
+    uint64_t x = r;
+    os[i] = x;);
+  uint64_t mask[4U] = { 0U };
+  uint64_t wv_14;
+  if (flag)
+  {
+    wv_14 = 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL;
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    wv_14 = 0ULL;
+  }
+  uint64_t wv_15;
+  if (last_node)
+  {
+    wv_15 = 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL;
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    wv_15 = 0ULL;
+  }
+  mask[0U] = FStar_UInt128_uint128_to_uint64(totlen);
+  mask[1U] = FStar_UInt128_uint128_to_uint64(FStar_UInt128_shift_right(totlen, 64U));
+  mask[2U] = wv_14;
+  mask[3U] = wv_15;
+  memcpy(wv, hash, 16U * sizeof (uint64_t));
+  uint64_t *wv3 = wv + 12U;
+  KRML_MAYBE_FOR4(i,
+    0U,
+    4U,
+    1U,
+    uint64_t *os = wv3;
+    uint64_t x = wv3[i] ^ mask[i];
+    os[i] = x;);
+  KRML_MAYBE_FOR12(i0,
+    0U,
+    12U,
+    1U,
+    uint32_t start_idx = i0 % 10U * 16U;
+    uint64_t m_st[16U] = { 0U };
+    uint64_t *r0 = m_st;
+    uint64_t *r1 = m_st + 4U;
+    uint64_t *r20 = m_st + 8U;
+    uint64_t *r30 = m_st + 12U;
+    uint32_t s0 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_sigmaTable[start_idx + 0U];
+    uint32_t s1 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_sigmaTable[start_idx + 1U];
+    uint32_t s2 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_sigmaTable[start_idx + 2U];
+    uint32_t s3 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_sigmaTable[start_idx + 3U];
+    uint32_t s4 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_sigmaTable[start_idx + 4U];
+    uint32_t s5 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_sigmaTable[start_idx + 5U];
+    uint32_t s6 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_sigmaTable[start_idx + 6U];
+    uint32_t s7 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_sigmaTable[start_idx + 7U];
+    uint32_t s8 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_sigmaTable[start_idx + 8U];
+    uint32_t s9 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_sigmaTable[start_idx + 9U];
+    uint32_t s10 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_sigmaTable[start_idx + 10U];
+    uint32_t s11 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_sigmaTable[start_idx + 11U];
+    uint32_t s12 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_sigmaTable[start_idx + 12U];
+    uint32_t s13 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_sigmaTable[start_idx + 13U];
+    uint32_t s14 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_sigmaTable[start_idx + 14U];
+    uint32_t s15 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_sigmaTable[start_idx + 15U];
+    uint64_t uu____0 = m_w[s2];
+    uint64_t uu____1 = m_w[s4];
+    uint64_t uu____2 = m_w[s6];
+    r0[0U] = m_w[s0];
+    r0[1U] = uu____0;
+    r0[2U] = uu____1;
+    r0[3U] = uu____2;
+    uint64_t uu____3 = m_w[s3];
+    uint64_t uu____4 = m_w[s5];
+    uint64_t uu____5 = m_w[s7];
+    r1[0U] = m_w[s1];
+    r1[1U] = uu____3;
+    r1[2U] = uu____4;
+    r1[3U] = uu____5;
+    uint64_t uu____6 = m_w[s10];
+    uint64_t uu____7 = m_w[s12];
+    uint64_t uu____8 = m_w[s14];
+    r20[0U] = m_w[s8];
+    r20[1U] = uu____6;
+    r20[2U] = uu____7;
+    r20[3U] = uu____8;
+    uint64_t uu____9 = m_w[s11];
+    uint64_t uu____10 = m_w[s13];
+    uint64_t uu____11 = m_w[s15];
+    r30[0U] = m_w[s9];
+    r30[1U] = uu____9;
+    r30[2U] = uu____10;
+    r30[3U] = uu____11;
+    uint64_t *x = m_st;
+    uint64_t *y = m_st + 4U;
+    uint64_t *z = m_st + 8U;
+    uint64_t *w = m_st + 12U;
+    uint32_t a = 0U;
+    uint32_t b0 = 1U;
+    uint32_t c0 = 2U;
+    uint32_t d10 = 3U;
+    uint64_t *wv_a0 = wv + a * 4U;
+    uint64_t *wv_b0 = wv + b0 * 4U;
+    KRML_MAYBE_FOR4(i,
+      0U,
+      4U,
+      1U,
+      uint64_t *os = wv_a0;
+      uint64_t x1 = wv_a0[i] + wv_b0[i];
+      os[i] = x1;);
+    KRML_MAYBE_FOR4(i,
+      0U,
+      4U,
+      1U,
+      uint64_t *os = wv_a0;
+      uint64_t x1 = wv_a0[i] + x[i];
+      os[i] = x1;);
+    uint64_t *wv_a1 = wv + d10 * 4U;
+    uint64_t *wv_b1 = wv + a * 4U;
+    KRML_MAYBE_FOR4(i,
+      0U,
+      4U,
+      1U,
+      uint64_t *os = wv_a1;
+      uint64_t x1 = wv_a1[i] ^ wv_b1[i];
+      os[i] = x1;);
+    uint64_t *r10 = wv_a1;
+    KRML_MAYBE_FOR4(i,
+      0U,
+      4U,
+      1U,
+      uint64_t *os = r10;
+      uint64_t x1 = r10[i];
+      uint64_t x10 = x1 >> 32U | x1 << 32U;
+      os[i] = x10;);
+    uint64_t *wv_a2 = wv + c0 * 4U;
+    uint64_t *wv_b2 = wv + d10 * 4U;
+    KRML_MAYBE_FOR4(i,
+      0U,
+      4U,
+      1U,
+      uint64_t *os = wv_a2;
+      uint64_t x1 = wv_a2[i] + wv_b2[i];
+      os[i] = x1;);
+    uint64_t *wv_a3 = wv + b0 * 4U;
+    uint64_t *wv_b3 = wv + c0 * 4U;
+    KRML_MAYBE_FOR4(i,
+      0U,
+      4U,
+      1U,
+      uint64_t *os = wv_a3;
+      uint64_t x1 = wv_a3[i] ^ wv_b3[i];
+      os[i] = x1;);
+    uint64_t *r12 = wv_a3;
+    KRML_MAYBE_FOR4(i,
+      0U,
+      4U,
+      1U,
+      uint64_t *os = r12;
+      uint64_t x1 = r12[i];
+      uint64_t x10 = x1 >> 24U | x1 << 40U;
+      os[i] = x10;);
+    uint64_t *wv_a4 = wv + a * 4U;
+    uint64_t *wv_b4 = wv + b0 * 4U;
+    KRML_MAYBE_FOR4(i,
+      0U,
+      4U,
+      1U,
+      uint64_t *os = wv_a4;
+      uint64_t x1 = wv_a4[i] + wv_b4[i];
+      os[i] = x1;);
+    KRML_MAYBE_FOR4(i,
+      0U,
+      4U,
+      1U,
+      uint64_t *os = wv_a4;
+      uint64_t x1 = wv_a4[i] + y[i];
+      os[i] = x1;);
+    uint64_t *wv_a5 = wv + d10 * 4U;
+    uint64_t *wv_b5 = wv + a * 4U;
+    KRML_MAYBE_FOR4(i,
+      0U,
+      4U,
+      1U,
+      uint64_t *os = wv_a5;
+      uint64_t x1 = wv_a5[i] ^ wv_b5[i];
+      os[i] = x1;);
+    uint64_t *r13 = wv_a5;
+    KRML_MAYBE_FOR4(i,
+      0U,
+      4U,
+      1U,
+      uint64_t *os = r13;
+      uint64_t x1 = r13[i];
+      uint64_t x10 = x1 >> 16U | x1 << 48U;
+      os[i] = x10;);
+    uint64_t *wv_a6 = wv + c0 * 4U;
+    uint64_t *wv_b6 = wv + d10 * 4U;
+    KRML_MAYBE_FOR4(i,
+      0U,
+      4U,
+      1U,
+      uint64_t *os = wv_a6;
+      uint64_t x1 = wv_a6[i] + wv_b6[i];
+      os[i] = x1;);
+    uint64_t *wv_a7 = wv + b0 * 4U;
+    uint64_t *wv_b7 = wv + c0 * 4U;
+    KRML_MAYBE_FOR4(i,
+      0U,
+      4U,
+      1U,
+      uint64_t *os = wv_a7;
+      uint64_t x1 = wv_a7[i] ^ wv_b7[i];
+      os[i] = x1;);
+    uint64_t *r14 = wv_a7;
+    KRML_MAYBE_FOR4(i,
+      0U,
+      4U,
+      1U,
+      uint64_t *os = r14;
+      uint64_t x1 = r14[i];
+      uint64_t x10 = x1 >> 63U | x1 << 1U;
+      os[i] = x10;);
+    uint64_t *r15 = wv + 4U;
+    uint64_t *r21 = wv + 8U;
+    uint64_t *r31 = wv + 12U;
+    uint64_t *r110 = r15;
+    uint64_t x00 = r110[1U];
+    uint64_t x10 = r110[2U];
+    uint64_t x20 = r110[3U];
+    uint64_t x30 = r110[0U];
+    r110[0U] = x00;
+    r110[1U] = x10;
+    r110[2U] = x20;
+    r110[3U] = x30;
+    uint64_t *r111 = r21;
+    uint64_t x01 = r111[2U];
+    uint64_t x11 = r111[3U];
+    uint64_t x21 = r111[0U];
+    uint64_t x31 = r111[1U];
+    r111[0U] = x01;
+    r111[1U] = x11;
+    r111[2U] = x21;
+    r111[3U] = x31;
+    uint64_t *r112 = r31;
+    uint64_t x02 = r112[3U];
+    uint64_t x12 = r112[0U];
+    uint64_t x22 = r112[1U];
+    uint64_t x32 = r112[2U];
+    r112[0U] = x02;
+    r112[1U] = x12;
+    r112[2U] = x22;
+    r112[3U] = x32;
+    uint32_t a0 = 0U;
+    uint32_t b = 1U;
+    uint32_t c = 2U;
+    uint32_t d1 = 3U;
+    uint64_t *wv_a = wv + a0 * 4U;
+    uint64_t *wv_b8 = wv + b * 4U;
+    KRML_MAYBE_FOR4(i,
+      0U,
+      4U,
+      1U,
+      uint64_t *os = wv_a;
+      uint64_t x1 = wv_a[i] + wv_b8[i];
+      os[i] = x1;);
+    KRML_MAYBE_FOR4(i,
+      0U,
+      4U,
+      1U,
+      uint64_t *os = wv_a;
+      uint64_t x1 = wv_a[i] + z[i];
+      os[i] = x1;);
+    uint64_t *wv_a8 = wv + d1 * 4U;
+    uint64_t *wv_b9 = wv + a0 * 4U;
+    KRML_MAYBE_FOR4(i,
+      0U,
+      4U,
+      1U,
+      uint64_t *os = wv_a8;
+      uint64_t x1 = wv_a8[i] ^ wv_b9[i];
+      os[i] = x1;);
+    uint64_t *r16 = wv_a8;
+    KRML_MAYBE_FOR4(i,
+      0U,
+      4U,
+      1U,
+      uint64_t *os = r16;
+      uint64_t x1 = r16[i];
+      uint64_t x13 = x1 >> 32U | x1 << 32U;
+      os[i] = x13;);
+    uint64_t *wv_a9 = wv + c * 4U;
+    uint64_t *wv_b10 = wv + d1 * 4U;
+    KRML_MAYBE_FOR4(i,
+      0U,
+      4U,
+      1U,
+      uint64_t *os = wv_a9;
+      uint64_t x1 = wv_a9[i] + wv_b10[i];
+      os[i] = x1;);
+    uint64_t *wv_a10 = wv + b * 4U;
+    uint64_t *wv_b11 = wv + c * 4U;
+    KRML_MAYBE_FOR4(i,
+      0U,
+      4U,
+      1U,
+      uint64_t *os = wv_a10;
+      uint64_t x1 = wv_a10[i] ^ wv_b11[i];
+      os[i] = x1;);
+    uint64_t *r17 = wv_a10;
+    KRML_MAYBE_FOR4(i,
+      0U,
+      4U,
+      1U,
+      uint64_t *os = r17;
+      uint64_t x1 = r17[i];
+      uint64_t x13 = x1 >> 24U | x1 << 40U;
+      os[i] = x13;);
+    uint64_t *wv_a11 = wv + a0 * 4U;
+    uint64_t *wv_b12 = wv + b * 4U;
+    KRML_MAYBE_FOR4(i,
+      0U,
+      4U,
+      1U,
+      uint64_t *os = wv_a11;
+      uint64_t x1 = wv_a11[i] + wv_b12[i];
+      os[i] = x1;);
+    KRML_MAYBE_FOR4(i,
+      0U,
+      4U,
+      1U,
+      uint64_t *os = wv_a11;
+      uint64_t x1 = wv_a11[i] + w[i];
+      os[i] = x1;);
+    uint64_t *wv_a12 = wv + d1 * 4U;
+    uint64_t *wv_b13 = wv + a0 * 4U;
+    KRML_MAYBE_FOR4(i,
+      0U,
+      4U,
+      1U,
+      uint64_t *os = wv_a12;
+      uint64_t x1 = wv_a12[i] ^ wv_b13[i];
+      os[i] = x1;);
+    uint64_t *r18 = wv_a12;
+    KRML_MAYBE_FOR4(i,
+      0U,
+      4U,
+      1U,
+      uint64_t *os = r18;
+      uint64_t x1 = r18[i];
+      uint64_t x13 = x1 >> 16U | x1 << 48U;
+      os[i] = x13;);
+    uint64_t *wv_a13 = wv + c * 4U;
+    uint64_t *wv_b14 = wv + d1 * 4U;
+    KRML_MAYBE_FOR4(i,
+      0U,
+      4U,
+      1U,
+      uint64_t *os = wv_a13;
+      uint64_t x1 = wv_a13[i] + wv_b14[i];
+      os[i] = x1;);
+    uint64_t *wv_a14 = wv + b * 4U;
+    uint64_t *wv_b = wv + c * 4U;
+    KRML_MAYBE_FOR4(i,
+      0U,
+      4U,
+      1U,
+      uint64_t *os = wv_a14;
+      uint64_t x1 = wv_a14[i] ^ wv_b[i];
+      os[i] = x1;);
+    uint64_t *r19 = wv_a14;
+    KRML_MAYBE_FOR4(i,
+      0U,
+      4U,
+      1U,
+      uint64_t *os = r19;
+      uint64_t x1 = r19[i];
+      uint64_t x13 = x1 >> 63U | x1 << 1U;
+      os[i] = x13;);
+    uint64_t *r113 = wv + 4U;
+    uint64_t *r2 = wv + 8U;
+    uint64_t *r3 = wv + 12U;
+    uint64_t *r11 = r113;
+    uint64_t x03 = r11[3U];
+    uint64_t x13 = r11[0U];
+    uint64_t x23 = r11[1U];
+    uint64_t x33 = r11[2U];
+    r11[0U] = x03;
+    r11[1U] = x13;
+    r11[2U] = x23;
+    r11[3U] = x33;
+    uint64_t *r114 = r2;
+    uint64_t x04 = r114[2U];
+    uint64_t x14 = r114[3U];
+    uint64_t x24 = r114[0U];
+    uint64_t x34 = r114[1U];
+    r114[0U] = x04;
+    r114[1U] = x14;
+    r114[2U] = x24;
+    r114[3U] = x34;
+    uint64_t *r115 = r3;
+    uint64_t x0 = r115[1U];
+    uint64_t x1 = r115[2U];
+    uint64_t x2 = r115[3U];
+    uint64_t x3 = r115[0U];
+    r115[0U] = x0;
+    r115[1U] = x1;
+    r115[2U] = x2;
+    r115[3U] = x3;);
+  uint64_t *s0 = hash;
+  uint64_t *s1 = hash + 4U;
+  uint64_t *r0 = wv;
+  uint64_t *r1 = wv + 4U;
+  uint64_t *r2 = wv + 8U;
+  uint64_t *r3 = wv + 12U;
+  KRML_MAYBE_FOR4(i,
+    0U,
+    4U,
+    1U,
+    uint64_t *os = s0;
+    uint64_t x = s0[i] ^ r0[i];
+    os[i] = x;);
+  KRML_MAYBE_FOR4(i,
+    0U,
+    4U,
+    1U,
+    uint64_t *os = s0;
+    uint64_t x = s0[i] ^ r2[i];
+    os[i] = x;);
+  KRML_MAYBE_FOR4(i,
+    0U,
+    4U,
+    1U,
+    uint64_t *os = s1;
+    uint64_t x = s1[i] ^ r1[i];
+    os[i] = x;);
+  KRML_MAYBE_FOR4(i,
+    0U,
+    4U,
+    1U,
+    uint64_t *os = s1;
+    uint64_t x = s1[i] ^ r3[i];
+    os[i] = x;);
+}
+
+void Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_init(uint64_t *hash, uint32_t kk, uint32_t nn)
+{
+  uint8_t salt[16U] = { 0U };
+  uint8_t personal[16U] = { 0U };
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_blake2_params
+  p =
+    {
+      .digest_length = 64U, .key_length = 0U, .fanout = 1U, .depth = 1U, .leaf_length = 0U,
+      .node_offset = 0ULL, .node_depth = 0U, .inner_length = 0U, .salt = salt, .personal = personal
+    };
+  uint64_t tmp[8U] = { 0U };
+  uint64_t *r0 = hash;
+  uint64_t *r1 = hash + 4U;
+  uint64_t *r2 = hash + 8U;
+  uint64_t *r3 = hash + 12U;
+  uint64_t iv0 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_B[0U];
+  uint64_t iv1 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_B[1U];
+  uint64_t iv2 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_B[2U];
+  uint64_t iv3 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_B[3U];
+  uint64_t iv4 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_B[4U];
+  uint64_t iv5 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_B[5U];
+  uint64_t iv6 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_B[6U];
+  uint64_t iv7 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_B[7U];
+  r2[0U] = iv0;
+  r2[1U] = iv1;
+  r2[2U] = iv2;
+  r2[3U] = iv3;
+  r3[0U] = iv4;
+  r3[1U] = iv5;
+  r3[2U] = iv6;
+  r3[3U] = iv7;
+  uint8_t kk1 = (uint8_t)kk;
+  uint8_t nn1 = (uint8_t)nn;
+  KRML_MAYBE_FOR2(i,
+    0U,
+    2U,
+    1U,
+    uint64_t *os = tmp + 4U;
+    uint8_t *bj = p.salt + i * 8U;
+    uint64_t u = load64_le(bj);
+    uint64_t r = u;
+    uint64_t x = r;
+    os[i] = x;);
+  KRML_MAYBE_FOR2(i,
+    0U,
+    2U,
+    1U,
+    uint64_t *os = tmp + 6U;
+    uint8_t *bj = p.personal + i * 8U;
+    uint64_t u = load64_le(bj);
+    uint64_t r = u;
+    uint64_t x = r;
+    os[i] = x;);
+  tmp[0U] =
+    (uint64_t)nn1
+    ^
+      ((uint64_t)kk1
+      << 8U
+      ^ ((uint64_t)p.fanout << 16U ^ ((uint64_t)p.depth << 24U ^ (uint64_t)p.leaf_length << 32U)));
+  tmp[1U] = p.node_offset;
+  tmp[2U] = (uint64_t)p.node_depth ^ (uint64_t)p.inner_length << 8U;
+  tmp[3U] = 0ULL;
+  uint64_t tmp0 = tmp[0U];
+  uint64_t tmp1 = tmp[1U];
+  uint64_t tmp2 = tmp[2U];
+  uint64_t tmp3 = tmp[3U];
+  uint64_t tmp4 = tmp[4U];
+  uint64_t tmp5 = tmp[5U];
+  uint64_t tmp6 = tmp[6U];
+  uint64_t tmp7 = tmp[7U];
+  uint64_t iv0_ = iv0 ^ tmp0;
+  uint64_t iv1_ = iv1 ^ tmp1;
+  uint64_t iv2_ = iv2 ^ tmp2;
+  uint64_t iv3_ = iv3 ^ tmp3;
+  uint64_t iv4_ = iv4 ^ tmp4;
+  uint64_t iv5_ = iv5 ^ tmp5;
+  uint64_t iv6_ = iv6 ^ tmp6;
+  uint64_t iv7_ = iv7 ^ tmp7;
+  r0[0U] = iv0_;
+  r0[1U] = iv1_;
+  r0[2U] = iv2_;
+  r0[3U] = iv3_;
+  r1[0U] = iv4_;
+  r1[1U] = iv5_;
+  r1[2U] = iv6_;
+  r1[3U] = iv7_;
+}
+
+static void update_key(uint64_t *wv, uint64_t *hash, uint32_t kk, uint8_t *k, uint32_t ll)
+{
+  FStar_UInt128_uint128 lb = FStar_UInt128_uint64_to_uint128((uint64_t)128U);
+  uint8_t b[128U] = { 0U };
+  memcpy(b, k, kk * sizeof (uint8_t));
+  if (ll == 0U)
+  {
+    update_block(wv, hash, true, false, lb, b);
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    update_block(wv, hash, false, false, lb, b);
+  }
+  Lib_Memzero0_memzero(b, 128U, uint8_t, void *);
+}
+
+void
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_update_multi(
+  uint32_t len,
+  uint64_t *wv,
+  uint64_t *hash,
+  FStar_UInt128_uint128 prev,
+  uint8_t *blocks,
+  uint32_t nb
+)
+{
+  KRML_MAYBE_UNUSED_VAR(len);
+  for (uint32_t i = 0U; i < nb; i++)
+  {
+    FStar_UInt128_uint128
+    totlen =
+      FStar_UInt128_add_mod(prev,
+        FStar_UInt128_uint64_to_uint128((uint64_t)((i + 1U) * 128U)));
+    uint8_t *b = blocks + i * 128U;
+    update_block(wv, hash, false, false, totlen, b);
+  }
+}
+
+void
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_update_last(
+  uint32_t len,
+  uint64_t *wv,
+  uint64_t *hash,
+  bool last_node,
+  FStar_UInt128_uint128 prev,
+  uint32_t rem,
+  uint8_t *d
+)
+{
+  uint8_t b[128U] = { 0U };
+  uint8_t *last = d + len - rem;
+  memcpy(b, last, rem * sizeof (uint8_t));
+  FStar_UInt128_uint128
+  totlen = FStar_UInt128_add_mod(prev, FStar_UInt128_uint64_to_uint128((uint64_t)len));
+  update_block(wv, hash, true, last_node, totlen, b);
+  Lib_Memzero0_memzero(b, 128U, uint8_t, void *);
+}
+
+static void
+update_blocks(
+  uint32_t len,
+  uint64_t *wv,
+  uint64_t *hash,
+  FStar_UInt128_uint128 prev,
+  uint8_t *blocks
+)
+{
+  uint32_t nb0 = len / 128U;
+  uint32_t rem0 = len % 128U;
+  uint32_t nb;
+  if (rem0 == 0U && nb0 > 0U)
+  {
+    nb = nb0 - 1U;
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    nb = nb0;
+  }
+  uint32_t rem;
+  if (rem0 == 0U && nb0 > 0U)
+  {
+    rem = 128U;
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    rem = rem0;
+  }
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_update_multi(len, wv, hash, prev, blocks, nb);
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_update_last(len, wv, hash, false, prev, rem, blocks);
+}
+
+static inline void
+update(uint64_t *wv, uint64_t *hash, uint32_t kk, uint8_t *k, uint32_t ll, uint8_t *d)
+{
+  FStar_UInt128_uint128 lb = FStar_UInt128_uint64_to_uint128((uint64_t)128U);
+  if (kk > 0U)
+  {
+    update_key(wv, hash, kk, k, ll);
+    if (!(ll == 0U))
+    {
+      update_blocks(ll, wv, hash, lb, d);
+      return;
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+  update_blocks(ll, wv, hash, FStar_UInt128_uint64_to_uint128((uint64_t)0U), d);
+}
+
+void Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_finish(uint32_t nn, uint8_t *output, uint64_t *hash)
+{
+  uint8_t b[64U] = { 0U };
+  uint8_t *first = b;
+  uint8_t *second = b + 32U;
+  uint64_t *row0 = hash;
+  uint64_t *row1 = hash + 4U;
+  KRML_MAYBE_FOR4(i, 0U, 4U, 1U, store64_le(first + i * 8U, row0[i]););
+  KRML_MAYBE_FOR4(i, 0U, 4U, 1U, store64_le(second + i * 8U, row1[i]););
+  uint8_t *final = b;
+  memcpy(output, final, nn * sizeof (uint8_t));
+  Lib_Memzero0_memzero(b, 64U, uint8_t, void *);
+}
+
+static Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_state_t
+*malloc_raw(Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_index kk, Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_params_and_key key)
+{
+  uint8_t *buf = (uint8_t *)KRML_HOST_CALLOC(128U, sizeof (uint8_t));
+  uint64_t *wv = (uint64_t *)KRML_HOST_CALLOC(16U, sizeof (uint64_t));
+  uint64_t *b = (uint64_t *)KRML_HOST_CALLOC(16U, sizeof (uint64_t));
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_block_state_t
+  block_state =
+    {
+      .fst = kk.key_length,
+      .snd = kk.digest_length,
+      .thd = kk.last_node,
+      .f3 = { .fst = wv, .snd = b }
+    };
+  uint8_t kk10 = kk.key_length;
+  uint32_t ite;
+  if (kk10 != 0U)
+  {
+    ite = 128U;
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    ite = 0U;
+  }
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_state_t
+  s = { .block_state = block_state, .buf = buf, .total_len = (uint64_t)ite };
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_state_t
+  *p = (Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_state_t *)KRML_HOST_MALLOC(sizeof (Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_state_t));
+  p[0U] = s;
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_blake2_params *p1 = key.fst;
+  uint8_t kk1 = p1->key_length;
+  uint8_t nn = p1->digest_length;
+  bool last_node = block_state.thd;
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_index i = { .key_length = kk1, .digest_length = nn, .last_node = last_node };
+  uint64_t *h = block_state.f3.snd;
+  uint32_t kk20 = (uint32_t)i.key_length;
+  uint8_t *k_1 = key.snd;
+  if (!(kk20 == 0U))
+  {
+    uint8_t *sub_b = buf + kk20;
+    memset(sub_b, 0U, (128U - kk20) * sizeof (uint8_t));
+    memcpy(buf, k_1, kk20 * sizeof (uint8_t));
+  }
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_blake2_params pv = p1[0U];
+  uint64_t tmp[8U] = { 0U };
+  uint64_t *r0 = h;
+  uint64_t *r1 = h + 4U;
+  uint64_t *r2 = h + 8U;
+  uint64_t *r3 = h + 12U;
+  uint64_t iv0 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_B[0U];
+  uint64_t iv1 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_B[1U];
+  uint64_t iv2 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_B[2U];
+  uint64_t iv3 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_B[3U];
+  uint64_t iv4 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_B[4U];
+  uint64_t iv5 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_B[5U];
+  uint64_t iv6 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_B[6U];
+  uint64_t iv7 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_B[7U];
+  r2[0U] = iv0;
+  r2[1U] = iv1;
+  r2[2U] = iv2;
+  r2[3U] = iv3;
+  r3[0U] = iv4;
+  r3[1U] = iv5;
+  r3[2U] = iv6;
+  r3[3U] = iv7;
+  uint8_t kk2 = pv.key_length;
+  uint8_t nn1 = pv.digest_length;
+  KRML_MAYBE_FOR2(i0,
+    0U,
+    2U,
+    1U,
+    uint64_t *os = tmp + 4U;
+    uint8_t *bj = pv.salt + i0 * 8U;
+    uint64_t u = load64_le(bj);
+    uint64_t r4 = u;
+    uint64_t x = r4;
+    os[i0] = x;);
+  KRML_MAYBE_FOR2(i0,
+    0U,
+    2U,
+    1U,
+    uint64_t *os = tmp + 6U;
+    uint8_t *bj = pv.personal + i0 * 8U;
+    uint64_t u = load64_le(bj);
+    uint64_t r4 = u;
+    uint64_t x = r4;
+    os[i0] = x;);
+  tmp[0U] =
+    (uint64_t)nn1
+    ^
+      ((uint64_t)kk2
+      << 8U
+      ^ ((uint64_t)pv.fanout << 16U ^ ((uint64_t)pv.depth << 24U ^ (uint64_t)pv.leaf_length << 32U)));
+  tmp[1U] = pv.node_offset;
+  tmp[2U] = (uint64_t)pv.node_depth ^ (uint64_t)pv.inner_length << 8U;
+  tmp[3U] = 0ULL;
+  uint64_t tmp0 = tmp[0U];
+  uint64_t tmp1 = tmp[1U];
+  uint64_t tmp2 = tmp[2U];
+  uint64_t tmp3 = tmp[3U];
+  uint64_t tmp4 = tmp[4U];
+  uint64_t tmp5 = tmp[5U];
+  uint64_t tmp6 = tmp[6U];
+  uint64_t tmp7 = tmp[7U];
+  uint64_t iv0_ = iv0 ^ tmp0;
+  uint64_t iv1_ = iv1 ^ tmp1;
+  uint64_t iv2_ = iv2 ^ tmp2;
+  uint64_t iv3_ = iv3 ^ tmp3;
+  uint64_t iv4_ = iv4 ^ tmp4;
+  uint64_t iv5_ = iv5 ^ tmp5;
+  uint64_t iv6_ = iv6 ^ tmp6;
+  uint64_t iv7_ = iv7 ^ tmp7;
+  r0[0U] = iv0_;
+  r0[1U] = iv1_;
+  r0[2U] = iv2_;
+  r0[3U] = iv3_;
+  r1[0U] = iv4_;
+  r1[1U] = iv5_;
+  r1[2U] = iv6_;
+  r1[3U] = iv7_;
+  return p;
+}
+
+/**
+ General-purpose allocation function that gives control over all
+Blake2 parameters, including the key. Further resettings of the state SHALL be
+done with `reset_with_params_and_key`, and SHALL feature the exact same values
+for the `key_length` and `digest_length` fields as passed here. In other words,
+once you commit to a digest and key length, the only way to change these
+parameters is to allocate a new object.
+
+The caller must satisfy the following requirements.
+- The length of the key k MUST match the value of the field key_length in the
+  parameters.
+- The key_length must not exceed 32 for S, 64 for B.
+- The digest_length must not exceed 32 for S, 64 for B.
+
+*/
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_state_t
+*Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_malloc_with_params_and_key(
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_blake2_params *p,
+  bool last_node,
+  uint8_t *k
+)
+{
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_blake2_params pv = p[0U];
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_index
+  i1 = { .key_length = pv.key_length, .digest_length = pv.digest_length, .last_node = last_node };
+  return malloc_raw(i1, ((Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_params_and_key){ .fst = p, .snd = k }));
+}
+
+/**
+ Specialized allocation function that picks default values for all
+parameters, except for the key_length. Further resettings of the state SHALL be
+done with `reset_with_key`, and SHALL feature the exact same key length `kk` as
+passed here. In other words, once you commit to a key length, the only way to
+change this parameter is to allocate a new object.
+
+The caller must satisfy the following requirements.
+- The key_length must not exceed 32 for S, 64 for B.
+
+*/
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_state_t *Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_malloc_with_key(uint8_t *k, uint8_t kk)
+{
+  uint8_t nn = 64U;
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_index i = { .key_length = kk, .digest_length = nn, .last_node = false };
+  uint8_t salt[16U] = { 0U };
+  uint8_t personal[16U] = { 0U };
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_blake2_params
+  p =
+    {
+      .digest_length = i.digest_length, .key_length = i.key_length, .fanout = 1U, .depth = 1U,
+      .leaf_length = 0U, .node_offset = 0ULL, .node_depth = 0U, .inner_length = 0U, .salt = salt,
+      .personal = personal
+    };
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_blake2_params p0 = p;
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_state_t *s = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_malloc_with_params_and_key(&p0, false, k);
+  return s;
+}
+
+/**
+ Specialized allocation function that picks default values for all
+parameters, and has no key. Effectively, this is what you want if you intend to
+use Blake2 as a hash function. Further resettings of the state SHALL be done with `reset`.
+*/
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_state_t *Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_malloc(void)
+{
+  return Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_malloc_with_key(NULL, 0U);
+}
+
+static Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_index index_of_state(Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_state_t *s)
+{
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_block_state_t block_state = (*s).block_state;
+  bool last_node = block_state.thd;
+  uint8_t nn = block_state.snd;
+  uint8_t kk1 = block_state.fst;
+  return
+    ((Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_index){ .key_length = kk1, .digest_length = nn, .last_node = last_node });
+}
+
+static void reset_raw(Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_state_t *state, Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_params_and_key key)
+{
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_state_t scrut = *state;
+  uint8_t *buf = scrut.buf;
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_block_state_t block_state = scrut.block_state;
+  bool last_node0 = block_state.thd;
+  uint8_t nn0 = block_state.snd;
+  uint8_t kk10 = block_state.fst;
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_index
+  i = { .key_length = kk10, .digest_length = nn0, .last_node = last_node0 };
+  KRML_MAYBE_UNUSED_VAR(i);
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_blake2_params *p = key.fst;
+  uint8_t kk1 = p->key_length;
+  uint8_t nn = p->digest_length;
+  bool last_node = block_state.thd;
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_index
+  i1 = { .key_length = kk1, .digest_length = nn, .last_node = last_node };
+  uint64_t *h = block_state.f3.snd;
+  uint32_t kk20 = (uint32_t)i1.key_length;
+  uint8_t *k_1 = key.snd;
+  if (!(kk20 == 0U))
+  {
+    uint8_t *sub_b = buf + kk20;
+    memset(sub_b, 0U, (128U - kk20) * sizeof (uint8_t));
+    memcpy(buf, k_1, kk20 * sizeof (uint8_t));
+  }
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_blake2_params pv = p[0U];
+  uint64_t tmp[8U] = { 0U };
+  uint64_t *r0 = h;
+  uint64_t *r1 = h + 4U;
+  uint64_t *r2 = h + 8U;
+  uint64_t *r3 = h + 12U;
+  uint64_t iv0 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_B[0U];
+  uint64_t iv1 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_B[1U];
+  uint64_t iv2 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_B[2U];
+  uint64_t iv3 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_B[3U];
+  uint64_t iv4 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_B[4U];
+  uint64_t iv5 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_B[5U];
+  uint64_t iv6 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_B[6U];
+  uint64_t iv7 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_B[7U];
+  r2[0U] = iv0;
+  r2[1U] = iv1;
+  r2[2U] = iv2;
+  r2[3U] = iv3;
+  r3[0U] = iv4;
+  r3[1U] = iv5;
+  r3[2U] = iv6;
+  r3[3U] = iv7;
+  uint8_t kk2 = pv.key_length;
+  uint8_t nn1 = pv.digest_length;
+  KRML_MAYBE_FOR2(i0,
+    0U,
+    2U,
+    1U,
+    uint64_t *os = tmp + 4U;
+    uint8_t *bj = pv.salt + i0 * 8U;
+    uint64_t u = load64_le(bj);
+    uint64_t r = u;
+    uint64_t x = r;
+    os[i0] = x;);
+  KRML_MAYBE_FOR2(i0,
+    0U,
+    2U,
+    1U,
+    uint64_t *os = tmp + 6U;
+    uint8_t *bj = pv.personal + i0 * 8U;
+    uint64_t u = load64_le(bj);
+    uint64_t r = u;
+    uint64_t x = r;
+    os[i0] = x;);
+  tmp[0U] =
+    (uint64_t)nn1
+    ^
+      ((uint64_t)kk2
+      << 8U
+      ^ ((uint64_t)pv.fanout << 16U ^ ((uint64_t)pv.depth << 24U ^ (uint64_t)pv.leaf_length << 32U)));
+  tmp[1U] = pv.node_offset;
+  tmp[2U] = (uint64_t)pv.node_depth ^ (uint64_t)pv.inner_length << 8U;
+  tmp[3U] = 0ULL;
+  uint64_t tmp0 = tmp[0U];
+  uint64_t tmp1 = tmp[1U];
+  uint64_t tmp2 = tmp[2U];
+  uint64_t tmp3 = tmp[3U];
+  uint64_t tmp4 = tmp[4U];
+  uint64_t tmp5 = tmp[5U];
+  uint64_t tmp6 = tmp[6U];
+  uint64_t tmp7 = tmp[7U];
+  uint64_t iv0_ = iv0 ^ tmp0;
+  uint64_t iv1_ = iv1 ^ tmp1;
+  uint64_t iv2_ = iv2 ^ tmp2;
+  uint64_t iv3_ = iv3 ^ tmp3;
+  uint64_t iv4_ = iv4 ^ tmp4;
+  uint64_t iv5_ = iv5 ^ tmp5;
+  uint64_t iv6_ = iv6 ^ tmp6;
+  uint64_t iv7_ = iv7 ^ tmp7;
+  r0[0U] = iv0_;
+  r0[1U] = iv1_;
+  r0[2U] = iv2_;
+  r0[3U] = iv3_;
+  r1[0U] = iv4_;
+  r1[1U] = iv5_;
+  r1[2U] = iv6_;
+  r1[3U] = iv7_;
+  uint8_t kk11 = i.key_length;
+  uint32_t ite;
+  if (kk11 != 0U)
+  {
+    ite = 128U;
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    ite = 0U;
+  }
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_state_t
+  tmp8 = { .block_state = block_state, .buf = buf, .total_len = (uint64_t)ite };
+  state[0U] = tmp8;
+}
+
+/**
+ General-purpose re-initialization function with parameters and
+key. You cannot change digest_length, key_length, or last_node, meaning those values in
+the parameters object must be the same as originally decided via one of the
+malloc functions. All other values of the parameter can be changed. The behavior
+is unspecified if you violate this precondition.
+*/
+void
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_reset_with_key_and_params(
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_state_t *s,
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_blake2_params *p,
+  uint8_t *k
+)
+{
+  index_of_state(s);
+  reset_raw(s, ((Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_params_and_key){ .fst = p, .snd = k }));
+}
+
+/**
+ Specialized-purpose re-initialization function with no parameters,
+and a key. The key length must be the same as originally decided via your choice
+of malloc function. All other parameters are reset to their default values. The
+original call to malloc MUST have set digest_length to the default value. The
+behavior is unspecified if you violate this precondition.
+*/
+void Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_reset_with_key(Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_state_t *s, uint8_t *k)
+{
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_index idx = index_of_state(s);
+  uint8_t salt[16U] = { 0U };
+  uint8_t personal[16U] = { 0U };
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_blake2_params
+  p =
+    {
+      .digest_length = idx.digest_length, .key_length = idx.key_length, .fanout = 1U, .depth = 1U,
+      .leaf_length = 0U, .node_offset = 0ULL, .node_depth = 0U, .inner_length = 0U, .salt = salt,
+      .personal = personal
+    };
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_blake2_params p0 = p;
+  reset_raw(s, ((Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_params_and_key){ .fst = &p0, .snd = k }));
+}
+
+/**
+ Specialized-purpose re-initialization function with no parameters
+and no key. This is what you want if you intend to use Blake2 as a hash
+function. The key length and digest length must have been set to their
+respective default values via your choice of malloc function (always true if you
+used `malloc`). All other parameters are reset to their default values. The
+behavior is unspecified if you violate this precondition.
+*/
+void Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_reset(Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_state_t *s)
+{
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_reset_with_key(s, NULL);
+}
+
+/**
+  Update function; 0 = success, 1 = max length exceeded
+*/
+Hacl_Streaming_Types_error_code
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_update(Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_state_t *state, uint8_t *chunk, uint32_t chunk_len)
+{
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_state_t s = *state;
+  uint64_t total_len = s.total_len;
+  if ((uint64_t)chunk_len > 0xffffffffffffffffULL - total_len)
+  {
+    return Hacl_Streaming_Types_MaximumLengthExceeded;
+  }
+  uint32_t sz;
+  if (total_len % (uint64_t)128U == 0ULL && total_len > 0ULL)
+  {
+    sz = 128U;
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    sz = (uint32_t)(total_len % (uint64_t)128U);
+  }
+  if (chunk_len <= 128U - sz)
+  {
+    Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_state_t s1 = *state;
+    Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_block_state_t block_state1 = s1.block_state;
+    uint8_t *buf = s1.buf;
+    uint64_t total_len1 = s1.total_len;
+    uint32_t sz1;
+    if (total_len1 % (uint64_t)128U == 0ULL && total_len1 > 0ULL)
+    {
+      sz1 = 128U;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      sz1 = (uint32_t)(total_len1 % (uint64_t)128U);
+    }
+    uint8_t *buf2 = buf + sz1;
+    memcpy(buf2, chunk, chunk_len * sizeof (uint8_t));
+    uint64_t total_len2 = total_len1 + (uint64_t)chunk_len;
+    *state
+    =
+      (
+        (Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_state_t){
+          .block_state = block_state1,
+          .buf = buf,
+          .total_len = total_len2
+        }
+      );
+  }
+  else if (sz == 0U)
+  {
+    Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_state_t s1 = *state;
+    Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_block_state_t block_state1 = s1.block_state;
+    uint8_t *buf = s1.buf;
+    uint64_t total_len1 = s1.total_len;
+    uint32_t sz1;
+    if (total_len1 % (uint64_t)128U == 0ULL && total_len1 > 0ULL)
+    {
+      sz1 = 128U;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      sz1 = (uint32_t)(total_len1 % (uint64_t)128U);
+    }
+    if (!(sz1 == 0U))
+    {
+      uint64_t prevlen = total_len1 - (uint64_t)sz1;
+      K____uint64_t___uint64_t_ acc = block_state1.f3;
+      uint64_t *wv = acc.fst;
+      uint64_t *hash = acc.snd;
+      uint32_t nb = 1U;
+      Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_update_multi(128U,
+        wv,
+        hash,
+        FStar_UInt128_uint64_to_uint128(prevlen),
+        buf,
+        nb);
+    }
+    uint32_t ite;
+    if ((uint64_t)chunk_len % (uint64_t)128U == 0ULL && (uint64_t)chunk_len > 0ULL)
+    {
+      ite = 128U;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      ite = (uint32_t)((uint64_t)chunk_len % (uint64_t)128U);
+    }
+    uint32_t n_blocks = (chunk_len - ite) / 128U;
+    uint32_t data1_len = n_blocks * 128U;
+    uint32_t data2_len = chunk_len - data1_len;
+    uint8_t *data1 = chunk;
+    uint8_t *data2 = chunk + data1_len;
+    K____uint64_t___uint64_t_ acc = block_state1.f3;
+    uint64_t *wv = acc.fst;
+    uint64_t *hash = acc.snd;
+    uint32_t nb = data1_len / 128U;
+    Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_update_multi(data1_len,
+      wv,
+      hash,
+      FStar_UInt128_uint64_to_uint128(total_len1),
+      data1,
+      nb);
+    uint8_t *dst = buf;
+    memcpy(dst, data2, data2_len * sizeof (uint8_t));
+    *state
+    =
+      (
+        (Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_state_t){
+          .block_state = block_state1,
+          .buf = buf,
+          .total_len = total_len1 + (uint64_t)chunk_len
+        }
+      );
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    uint32_t diff = 128U - sz;
+    uint8_t *chunk1 = chunk;
+    uint8_t *chunk2 = chunk + diff;
+    Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_state_t s1 = *state;
+    Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_block_state_t block_state10 = s1.block_state;
+    uint8_t *buf0 = s1.buf;
+    uint64_t total_len10 = s1.total_len;
+    uint32_t sz10;
+    if (total_len10 % (uint64_t)128U == 0ULL && total_len10 > 0ULL)
+    {
+      sz10 = 128U;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      sz10 = (uint32_t)(total_len10 % (uint64_t)128U);
+    }
+    uint8_t *buf2 = buf0 + sz10;
+    memcpy(buf2, chunk1, diff * sizeof (uint8_t));
+    uint64_t total_len2 = total_len10 + (uint64_t)diff;
+    *state
+    =
+      (
+        (Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_state_t){
+          .block_state = block_state10,
+          .buf = buf0,
+          .total_len = total_len2
+        }
+      );
+    Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_state_t s10 = *state;
+    Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_block_state_t block_state1 = s10.block_state;
+    uint8_t *buf = s10.buf;
+    uint64_t total_len1 = s10.total_len;
+    uint32_t sz1;
+    if (total_len1 % (uint64_t)128U == 0ULL && total_len1 > 0ULL)
+    {
+      sz1 = 128U;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      sz1 = (uint32_t)(total_len1 % (uint64_t)128U);
+    }
+    if (!(sz1 == 0U))
+    {
+      uint64_t prevlen = total_len1 - (uint64_t)sz1;
+      K____uint64_t___uint64_t_ acc = block_state1.f3;
+      uint64_t *wv = acc.fst;
+      uint64_t *hash = acc.snd;
+      uint32_t nb = 1U;
+      Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_update_multi(128U,
+        wv,
+        hash,
+        FStar_UInt128_uint64_to_uint128(prevlen),
+        buf,
+        nb);
+    }
+    uint32_t ite;
+    if
+    ((uint64_t)(chunk_len - diff) % (uint64_t)128U == 0ULL && (uint64_t)(chunk_len - diff) > 0ULL)
+    {
+      ite = 128U;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      ite = (uint32_t)((uint64_t)(chunk_len - diff) % (uint64_t)128U);
+    }
+    uint32_t n_blocks = (chunk_len - diff - ite) / 128U;
+    uint32_t data1_len = n_blocks * 128U;
+    uint32_t data2_len = chunk_len - diff - data1_len;
+    uint8_t *data1 = chunk2;
+    uint8_t *data2 = chunk2 + data1_len;
+    K____uint64_t___uint64_t_ acc = block_state1.f3;
+    uint64_t *wv = acc.fst;
+    uint64_t *hash = acc.snd;
+    uint32_t nb = data1_len / 128U;
+    Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_update_multi(data1_len,
+      wv,
+      hash,
+      FStar_UInt128_uint64_to_uint128(total_len1),
+      data1,
+      nb);
+    uint8_t *dst = buf;
+    memcpy(dst, data2, data2_len * sizeof (uint8_t));
+    *state
+    =
+      (
+        (Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_state_t){
+          .block_state = block_state1,
+          .buf = buf,
+          .total_len = total_len1 + (uint64_t)(chunk_len - diff)
+        }
+      );
+  }
+  return Hacl_Streaming_Types_Success;
+}
+
+/**
+ Digest function. This function expects the `output` array to hold
+at least `digest_length` bytes, where `digest_length` was determined by your
+choice of `malloc` function. Concretely, if you used `malloc` or
+`malloc_with_key`, then the expected length is 32 for S, or 64 for B (default
+digest length). If you used `malloc_with_params_and_key`, then the expected
+length is whatever you chose for the `digest_length` field of your parameters.
+For convenience, this function returns `digest_length`. When in doubt, callers
+can pass an array of size HACL_BLAKE2B_32_OUT_BYTES, then use the return value
+to see how many bytes were actually written.
+*/
+uint8_t Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_digest(Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_state_t *s, uint8_t *dst)
+{
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_block_state_t block_state0 = (*s).block_state;
+  bool last_node0 = block_state0.thd;
+  uint8_t nn0 = block_state0.snd;
+  uint8_t kk0 = block_state0.fst;
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_index
+  i1 = { .key_length = kk0, .digest_length = nn0, .last_node = last_node0 };
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_state_t scrut = *s;
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_block_state_t block_state = scrut.block_state;
+  uint8_t *buf_ = scrut.buf;
+  uint64_t total_len = scrut.total_len;
+  uint32_t r;
+  if (total_len % (uint64_t)128U == 0ULL && total_len > 0ULL)
+  {
+    r = 128U;
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    r = (uint32_t)(total_len % (uint64_t)128U);
+  }
+  uint8_t *buf_1 = buf_;
+  uint64_t wv0[16U] = { 0U };
+  uint64_t b[16U] = { 0U };
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_block_state_t
+  tmp_block_state =
+    {
+      .fst = i1.key_length,
+      .snd = i1.digest_length,
+      .thd = i1.last_node,
+      .f3 = { .fst = wv0, .snd = b }
+    };
+  uint64_t *src_b = block_state.f3.snd;
+  uint64_t *dst_b = tmp_block_state.f3.snd;
+  memcpy(dst_b, src_b, 16U * sizeof (uint64_t));
+  uint64_t prev_len = total_len - (uint64_t)r;
+  uint32_t ite;
+  if (r % 128U == 0U && r > 0U)
+  {
+    ite = 128U;
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    ite = r % 128U;
+  }
+  uint8_t *buf_last = buf_1 + r - ite;
+  uint8_t *buf_multi = buf_1;
+  K____uint64_t___uint64_t_ acc0 = tmp_block_state.f3;
+  uint64_t *wv1 = acc0.fst;
+  uint64_t *hash0 = acc0.snd;
+  uint32_t nb = 0U;
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_update_multi(0U,
+    wv1,
+    hash0,
+    FStar_UInt128_uint64_to_uint128(prev_len),
+    buf_multi,
+    nb);
+  uint64_t prev_len_last = total_len - (uint64_t)r;
+  K____uint64_t___uint64_t_ acc = tmp_block_state.f3;
+  bool last_node1 = tmp_block_state.thd;
+  uint64_t *wv = acc.fst;
+  uint64_t *hash = acc.snd;
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_update_last(r,
+    wv,
+    hash,
+    last_node1,
+    FStar_UInt128_uint64_to_uint128(prev_len_last),
+    r,
+    buf_last);
+  uint8_t nn1 = tmp_block_state.snd;
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_finish((uint32_t)nn1, dst, tmp_block_state.f3.snd);
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_block_state_t block_state1 = (*s).block_state;
+  bool last_node = block_state1.thd;
+  uint8_t nn = block_state1.snd;
+  uint8_t kk = block_state1.fst;
+  return
+    ((Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_index){ .key_length = kk, .digest_length = nn, .last_node = last_node }).digest_length;
+}
+
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_index Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_info(Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_state_t *s)
+{
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_block_state_t block_state = (*s).block_state;
+  bool last_node = block_state.thd;
+  uint8_t nn = block_state.snd;
+  uint8_t kk = block_state.fst;
+  return
+    ((Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_index){ .key_length = kk, .digest_length = nn, .last_node = last_node });
+}
+
+/**
+  Free state function when there is no key
+*/
+void Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_free(Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_state_t *state)
+{
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_state_t scrut = *state;
+  uint8_t *buf = scrut.buf;
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_block_state_t block_state = scrut.block_state;
+  uint64_t *b = block_state.f3.snd;
+  uint64_t *wv = block_state.f3.fst;
+  KRML_HOST_FREE(wv);
+  KRML_HOST_FREE(b);
+  KRML_HOST_FREE(buf);
+  KRML_HOST_FREE(state);
+}
+
+/**
+  Copying. This preserves all parameters.
+*/
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_state_t *Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_copy(Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_state_t *state)
+{
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_state_t scrut = *state;
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_block_state_t block_state0 = scrut.block_state;
+  uint8_t *buf0 = scrut.buf;
+  uint64_t total_len0 = scrut.total_len;
+  bool last_node = block_state0.thd;
+  uint8_t nn = block_state0.snd;
+  uint8_t kk1 = block_state0.fst;
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_index i = { .key_length = kk1, .digest_length = nn, .last_node = last_node };
+  uint8_t *buf = (uint8_t *)KRML_HOST_CALLOC(128U, sizeof (uint8_t));
+  memcpy(buf, buf0, 128U * sizeof (uint8_t));
+  uint64_t *wv = (uint64_t *)KRML_HOST_CALLOC(16U, sizeof (uint64_t));
+  uint64_t *b = (uint64_t *)KRML_HOST_CALLOC(16U, sizeof (uint64_t));
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_block_state_t
+  block_state =
+    {
+      .fst = i.key_length,
+      .snd = i.digest_length,
+      .thd = i.last_node,
+      .f3 = { .fst = wv, .snd = b }
+    };
+  uint64_t *src_b = block_state0.f3.snd;
+  uint64_t *dst_b = block_state.f3.snd;
+  memcpy(dst_b, src_b, 16U * sizeof (uint64_t));
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_state_t
+  s = { .block_state = block_state, .buf = buf, .total_len = total_len0 };
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_state_t
+  *p = (Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_state_t *)KRML_HOST_MALLOC(sizeof (Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_state_t));
+  p[0U] = s;
+  return p;
+}
+
+/**
+Write the BLAKE2b digest of message `input` using key `key` into `output`.
+
+@param output Pointer to `output_len` bytes of memory where the digest is written to.
+@param output_len Length of the to-be-generated digest with 1 <= `output_len` <= 64.
+@param input Pointer to `input_len` bytes of memory where the input message is read from.
+@param input_len Length of the input message.
+@param key Pointer to `key_len` bytes of memory where the key is read from.
+@param key_len Length of the key. Can be 0.
+*/
+void
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_hash_with_key(
+  uint8_t *output,
+  uint32_t output_len,
+  uint8_t *input,
+  uint32_t input_len,
+  uint8_t *key,
+  uint32_t key_len
+)
+{
+  uint64_t b[16U] = { 0U };
+  uint64_t b1[16U] = { 0U };
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_init(b, key_len, output_len);
+  update(b1, b, key_len, key, input_len, input);
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_finish(output_len, output, b);
+  Lib_Memzero0_memzero(b1, 16U, uint64_t, void *);
+  Lib_Memzero0_memzero(b, 16U, uint64_t, void *);
+}
+
+/**
+Write the BLAKE2b digest of message `input` using key `key` and
+parameters `params` into `output`. The `key` array must be of length
+`params.key_length`. The `output` array must be of length
+`params.digest_length`.
+*/
+void
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_hash_with_key_and_params(
+  uint8_t *output,
+  uint8_t *input,
+  uint32_t input_len,
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_blake2_params params,
+  uint8_t *key
+)
+{
+  uint64_t b[16U] = { 0U };
+  uint64_t b1[16U] = { 0U };
+  uint64_t tmp[8U] = { 0U };
+  uint64_t *r0 = b;
+  uint64_t *r1 = b + 4U;
+  uint64_t *r2 = b + 8U;
+  uint64_t *r3 = b + 12U;
+  uint64_t iv0 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_B[0U];
+  uint64_t iv1 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_B[1U];
+  uint64_t iv2 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_B[2U];
+  uint64_t iv3 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_B[3U];
+  uint64_t iv4 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_B[4U];
+  uint64_t iv5 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_B[5U];
+  uint64_t iv6 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_B[6U];
+  uint64_t iv7 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_B[7U];
+  r2[0U] = iv0;
+  r2[1U] = iv1;
+  r2[2U] = iv2;
+  r2[3U] = iv3;
+  r3[0U] = iv4;
+  r3[1U] = iv5;
+  r3[2U] = iv6;
+  r3[3U] = iv7;
+  uint8_t kk = params.key_length;
+  uint8_t nn = params.digest_length;
+  KRML_MAYBE_FOR2(i,
+    0U,
+    2U,
+    1U,
+    uint64_t *os = tmp + 4U;
+    uint8_t *bj = params.salt + i * 8U;
+    uint64_t u = load64_le(bj);
+    uint64_t r = u;
+    uint64_t x = r;
+    os[i] = x;);
+  KRML_MAYBE_FOR2(i,
+    0U,
+    2U,
+    1U,
+    uint64_t *os = tmp + 6U;
+    uint8_t *bj = params.personal + i * 8U;
+    uint64_t u = load64_le(bj);
+    uint64_t r = u;
+    uint64_t x = r;
+    os[i] = x;);
+  tmp[0U] =
+    (uint64_t)nn
+    ^
+      ((uint64_t)kk
+      << 8U
+      ^
+        ((uint64_t)params.fanout
+        << 16U
+        ^ ((uint64_t)params.depth << 24U ^ (uint64_t)params.leaf_length << 32U)));
+  tmp[1U] = params.node_offset;
+  tmp[2U] = (uint64_t)params.node_depth ^ (uint64_t)params.inner_length << 8U;
+  tmp[3U] = 0ULL;
+  uint64_t tmp0 = tmp[0U];
+  uint64_t tmp1 = tmp[1U];
+  uint64_t tmp2 = tmp[2U];
+  uint64_t tmp3 = tmp[3U];
+  uint64_t tmp4 = tmp[4U];
+  uint64_t tmp5 = tmp[5U];
+  uint64_t tmp6 = tmp[6U];
+  uint64_t tmp7 = tmp[7U];
+  uint64_t iv0_ = iv0 ^ tmp0;
+  uint64_t iv1_ = iv1 ^ tmp1;
+  uint64_t iv2_ = iv2 ^ tmp2;
+  uint64_t iv3_ = iv3 ^ tmp3;
+  uint64_t iv4_ = iv4 ^ tmp4;
+  uint64_t iv5_ = iv5 ^ tmp5;
+  uint64_t iv6_ = iv6 ^ tmp6;
+  uint64_t iv7_ = iv7 ^ tmp7;
+  r0[0U] = iv0_;
+  r0[1U] = iv1_;
+  r0[2U] = iv2_;
+  r0[3U] = iv3_;
+  r1[0U] = iv4_;
+  r1[1U] = iv5_;
+  r1[2U] = iv6_;
+  r1[3U] = iv7_;
+  update(b1, b, (uint32_t)params.key_length, key, input_len, input);
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_finish((uint32_t)params.digest_length, output, b);
+  Lib_Memzero0_memzero(b1, 16U, uint64_t, void *);
+  Lib_Memzero0_memzero(b, 16U, uint64_t, void *);
+}
+
diff --git a/Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_Blake2b.h b/Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_Blake2b.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..5b5b037bcdc8a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_Blake2b.h
@@ -0,0 +1,245 @@
+/* MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 INRIA, CMU and Microsoft Corporation
+ * Copyright (c) 2022-2023 HACL* Contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+
+#ifndef __Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_H
+#define __Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_H
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus)
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include "python_hacl_namespaces.h"
+#include "krml/types.h"
+#include "krml/lowstar_endianness.h"
+#include "krml/internal/target.h"
+
+#include "Hacl_Streaming_Types.h"
+
+
+typedef struct Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_blake2_params_s
+{
+  uint8_t digest_length;
+  uint8_t key_length;
+  uint8_t fanout;
+  uint8_t depth;
+  uint32_t leaf_length;
+  uint64_t node_offset;
+  uint8_t node_depth;
+  uint8_t inner_length;
+  uint8_t *salt;
+  uint8_t *personal;
+}
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_blake2_params;
+
+typedef struct Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_index_s
+{
+  uint8_t key_length;
+  uint8_t digest_length;
+  bool last_node;
+}
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_index;
+
+#define HACL_HASH_BLAKE2B_BLOCK_BYTES (128U)
+
+#define HACL_HASH_BLAKE2B_OUT_BYTES (64U)
+
+#define HACL_HASH_BLAKE2B_KEY_BYTES (64U)
+
+#define HACL_HASH_BLAKE2B_SALT_BYTES (16U)
+
+#define HACL_HASH_BLAKE2B_PERSONAL_BYTES (16U)
+
+typedef struct K____uint64_t___uint64_t__s
+{
+  uint64_t *fst;
+  uint64_t *snd;
+}
+K____uint64_t___uint64_t_;
+
+typedef struct Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_block_state_t_s
+{
+  uint8_t fst;
+  uint8_t snd;
+  bool thd;
+  K____uint64_t___uint64_t_ f3;
+}
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_block_state_t;
+
+typedef struct Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_state_t_s
+{
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_block_state_t block_state;
+  uint8_t *buf;
+  uint64_t total_len;
+}
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_state_t;
+
+/**
+ General-purpose allocation function that gives control over all
+Blake2 parameters, including the key. Further resettings of the state SHALL be
+done with `reset_with_params_and_key`, and SHALL feature the exact same values
+for the `key_length` and `digest_length` fields as passed here. In other words,
+once you commit to a digest and key length, the only way to change these
+parameters is to allocate a new object.
+
+The caller must satisfy the following requirements.
+- The length of the key k MUST match the value of the field key_length in the
+  parameters.
+- The key_length must not exceed 32 for S, 64 for B.
+- The digest_length must not exceed 32 for S, 64 for B.
+
+*/
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_state_t
+*Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_malloc_with_params_and_key(
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_blake2_params *p,
+  bool last_node,
+  uint8_t *k
+);
+
+/**
+ Specialized allocation function that picks default values for all
+parameters, except for the key_length. Further resettings of the state SHALL be
+done with `reset_with_key`, and SHALL feature the exact same key length `kk` as
+passed here. In other words, once you commit to a key length, the only way to
+change this parameter is to allocate a new object.
+
+The caller must satisfy the following requirements.
+- The key_length must not exceed 32 for S, 64 for B.
+
+*/
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_state_t *Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_malloc_with_key(uint8_t *k, uint8_t kk);
+
+/**
+ Specialized allocation function that picks default values for all
+parameters, and has no key. Effectively, this is what you want if you intend to
+use Blake2 as a hash function. Further resettings of the state SHALL be done with `reset`.
+*/
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_state_t *Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_malloc(void);
+
+/**
+ General-purpose re-initialization function with parameters and
+key. You cannot change digest_length, key_length, or last_node, meaning those values in
+the parameters object must be the same as originally decided via one of the
+malloc functions. All other values of the parameter can be changed. The behavior
+is unspecified if you violate this precondition.
+*/
+void
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_reset_with_key_and_params(
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_state_t *s,
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_blake2_params *p,
+  uint8_t *k
+);
+
+/**
+ Specialized-purpose re-initialization function with no parameters,
+and a key. The key length must be the same as originally decided via your choice
+of malloc function. All other parameters are reset to their default values. The
+original call to malloc MUST have set digest_length to the default value. The
+behavior is unspecified if you violate this precondition.
+*/
+void Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_reset_with_key(Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_state_t *s, uint8_t *k);
+
+/**
+ Specialized-purpose re-initialization function with no parameters
+and no key. This is what you want if you intend to use Blake2 as a hash
+function. The key length and digest length must have been set to their
+respective default values via your choice of malloc function (always true if you
+used `malloc`). All other parameters are reset to their default values. The
+behavior is unspecified if you violate this precondition.
+*/
+void Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_reset(Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_state_t *s);
+
+/**
+  Update function; 0 = success, 1 = max length exceeded
+*/
+Hacl_Streaming_Types_error_code
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_update(Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_state_t *state, uint8_t *chunk, uint32_t chunk_len);
+
+/**
+ Digest function. This function expects the `output` array to hold
+at least `digest_length` bytes, where `digest_length` was determined by your
+choice of `malloc` function. Concretely, if you used `malloc` or
+`malloc_with_key`, then the expected length is 32 for S, or 64 for B (default
+digest length). If you used `malloc_with_params_and_key`, then the expected
+length is whatever you chose for the `digest_length` field of your parameters.
+For convenience, this function returns `digest_length`. When in doubt, callers
+can pass an array of size HACL_BLAKE2B_32_OUT_BYTES, then use the return value
+to see how many bytes were actually written.
+*/
+uint8_t Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_digest(Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_state_t *s, uint8_t *dst);
+
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_index Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_info(Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_state_t *s);
+
+/**
+  Free state function when there is no key
+*/
+void Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_free(Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_state_t *state);
+
+/**
+  Copying. This preserves all parameters.
+*/
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_state_t *Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_copy(Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_state_t *state);
+
+/**
+Write the BLAKE2b digest of message `input` using key `key` into `output`.
+
+@param output Pointer to `output_len` bytes of memory where the digest is written to.
+@param output_len Length of the to-be-generated digest with 1 <= `output_len` <= 64.
+@param input Pointer to `input_len` bytes of memory where the input message is read from.
+@param input_len Length of the input message.
+@param key Pointer to `key_len` bytes of memory where the key is read from.
+@param key_len Length of the key. Can be 0.
+*/
+void
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_hash_with_key(
+  uint8_t *output,
+  uint32_t output_len,
+  uint8_t *input,
+  uint32_t input_len,
+  uint8_t *key,
+  uint32_t key_len
+);
+
+/**
+Write the BLAKE2b digest of message `input` using key `key` and
+parameters `params` into `output`. The `key` array must be of length
+`params.key_length`. The `output` array must be of length
+`params.digest_length`.
+*/
+void
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_hash_with_key_and_params(
+  uint8_t *output,
+  uint8_t *input,
+  uint32_t input_len,
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_blake2_params params,
+  uint8_t *key
+);
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus)
+}
+#endif
+
+#define __Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_H_DEFINED
+#endif
diff --git a/Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256.c b/Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..92b2e8f539041b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1397 @@
+/* MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 INRIA, CMU and Microsoft Corporation
+ * Copyright (c) 2022-2023 HACL* Contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+
+#include "internal/Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256.h"
+
+#include "internal/Hacl_Impl_Blake2_Constants.h"
+#include "internal/Hacl_Hash_Blake2b.h"
+#include "lib_memzero0.h"
+
+static inline void
+update_block(
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *wv,
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *hash,
+  bool flag,
+  bool last_node,
+  FStar_UInt128_uint128 totlen,
+  uint8_t *d
+)
+{
+  uint64_t m_w[16U] = { 0U };
+  KRML_MAYBE_FOR16(i,
+    0U,
+    16U,
+    1U,
+    uint64_t *os = m_w;
+    uint8_t *bj = d + i * 8U;
+    uint64_t u = load64_le(bj);
+    uint64_t r = u;
+    uint64_t x = r;
+    os[i] = x;);
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 mask = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_zero;
+  uint64_t wv_14;
+  if (flag)
+  {
+    wv_14 = 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL;
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    wv_14 = 0ULL;
+  }
+  uint64_t wv_15;
+  if (last_node)
+  {
+    wv_15 = 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL;
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    wv_15 = 0ULL;
+  }
+  mask =
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_load64s(FStar_UInt128_uint128_to_uint64(totlen),
+      FStar_UInt128_uint128_to_uint64(FStar_UInt128_shift_right(totlen, 64U)),
+      wv_14,
+      wv_15);
+  memcpy(wv, hash, 4U * sizeof (Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256));
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *wv3 = wv + 3U;
+  wv3[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_xor(wv3[0U], mask);
+  KRML_MAYBE_FOR12(i,
+    0U,
+    12U,
+    1U,
+    uint32_t start_idx = i % 10U * 16U;
+    KRML_PRE_ALIGN(32) Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 m_st[4U] KRML_POST_ALIGN(32) = { 0U };
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *r0 = m_st;
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *r1 = m_st + 1U;
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *r20 = m_st + 2U;
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *r30 = m_st + 3U;
+    uint32_t s0 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_sigmaTable[start_idx + 0U];
+    uint32_t s1 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_sigmaTable[start_idx + 1U];
+    uint32_t s2 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_sigmaTable[start_idx + 2U];
+    uint32_t s3 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_sigmaTable[start_idx + 3U];
+    uint32_t s4 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_sigmaTable[start_idx + 4U];
+    uint32_t s5 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_sigmaTable[start_idx + 5U];
+    uint32_t s6 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_sigmaTable[start_idx + 6U];
+    uint32_t s7 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_sigmaTable[start_idx + 7U];
+    uint32_t s8 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_sigmaTable[start_idx + 8U];
+    uint32_t s9 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_sigmaTable[start_idx + 9U];
+    uint32_t s10 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_sigmaTable[start_idx + 10U];
+    uint32_t s11 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_sigmaTable[start_idx + 11U];
+    uint32_t s12 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_sigmaTable[start_idx + 12U];
+    uint32_t s13 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_sigmaTable[start_idx + 13U];
+    uint32_t s14 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_sigmaTable[start_idx + 14U];
+    uint32_t s15 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_sigmaTable[start_idx + 15U];
+    r0[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_load64s(m_w[s0], m_w[s2], m_w[s4], m_w[s6]);
+    r1[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_load64s(m_w[s1], m_w[s3], m_w[s5], m_w[s7]);
+    r20[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_load64s(m_w[s8], m_w[s10], m_w[s12], m_w[s14]);
+    r30[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_load64s(m_w[s9], m_w[s11], m_w[s13], m_w[s15]);
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *x = m_st;
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *y = m_st + 1U;
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *z = m_st + 2U;
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *w = m_st + 3U;
+    uint32_t a = 0U;
+    uint32_t b0 = 1U;
+    uint32_t c0 = 2U;
+    uint32_t d10 = 3U;
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *wv_a0 = wv + a * 1U;
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *wv_b0 = wv + b0 * 1U;
+    wv_a0[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_add64(wv_a0[0U], wv_b0[0U]);
+    wv_a0[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_add64(wv_a0[0U], x[0U]);
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *wv_a1 = wv + d10 * 1U;
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *wv_b1 = wv + a * 1U;
+    wv_a1[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_xor(wv_a1[0U], wv_b1[0U]);
+    wv_a1[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_rotate_right64(wv_a1[0U], 32U);
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *wv_a2 = wv + c0 * 1U;
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *wv_b2 = wv + d10 * 1U;
+    wv_a2[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_add64(wv_a2[0U], wv_b2[0U]);
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *wv_a3 = wv + b0 * 1U;
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *wv_b3 = wv + c0 * 1U;
+    wv_a3[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_xor(wv_a3[0U], wv_b3[0U]);
+    wv_a3[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_rotate_right64(wv_a3[0U], 24U);
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *wv_a4 = wv + a * 1U;
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *wv_b4 = wv + b0 * 1U;
+    wv_a4[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_add64(wv_a4[0U], wv_b4[0U]);
+    wv_a4[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_add64(wv_a4[0U], y[0U]);
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *wv_a5 = wv + d10 * 1U;
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *wv_b5 = wv + a * 1U;
+    wv_a5[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_xor(wv_a5[0U], wv_b5[0U]);
+    wv_a5[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_rotate_right64(wv_a5[0U], 16U);
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *wv_a6 = wv + c0 * 1U;
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *wv_b6 = wv + d10 * 1U;
+    wv_a6[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_add64(wv_a6[0U], wv_b6[0U]);
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *wv_a7 = wv + b0 * 1U;
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *wv_b7 = wv + c0 * 1U;
+    wv_a7[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_xor(wv_a7[0U], wv_b7[0U]);
+    wv_a7[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_rotate_right64(wv_a7[0U], 63U);
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *r10 = wv + 1U;
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *r21 = wv + 2U;
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *r31 = wv + 3U;
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 v00 = r10[0U];
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256
+    v1 = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_rotate_right_lanes64(v00, 1U);
+    r10[0U] = v1;
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 v01 = r21[0U];
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256
+    v10 = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_rotate_right_lanes64(v01, 2U);
+    r21[0U] = v10;
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 v02 = r31[0U];
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256
+    v11 = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_rotate_right_lanes64(v02, 3U);
+    r31[0U] = v11;
+    uint32_t a0 = 0U;
+    uint32_t b = 1U;
+    uint32_t c = 2U;
+    uint32_t d1 = 3U;
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *wv_a = wv + a0 * 1U;
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *wv_b8 = wv + b * 1U;
+    wv_a[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_add64(wv_a[0U], wv_b8[0U]);
+    wv_a[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_add64(wv_a[0U], z[0U]);
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *wv_a8 = wv + d1 * 1U;
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *wv_b9 = wv + a0 * 1U;
+    wv_a8[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_xor(wv_a8[0U], wv_b9[0U]);
+    wv_a8[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_rotate_right64(wv_a8[0U], 32U);
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *wv_a9 = wv + c * 1U;
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *wv_b10 = wv + d1 * 1U;
+    wv_a9[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_add64(wv_a9[0U], wv_b10[0U]);
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *wv_a10 = wv + b * 1U;
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *wv_b11 = wv + c * 1U;
+    wv_a10[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_xor(wv_a10[0U], wv_b11[0U]);
+    wv_a10[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_rotate_right64(wv_a10[0U], 24U);
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *wv_a11 = wv + a0 * 1U;
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *wv_b12 = wv + b * 1U;
+    wv_a11[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_add64(wv_a11[0U], wv_b12[0U]);
+    wv_a11[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_add64(wv_a11[0U], w[0U]);
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *wv_a12 = wv + d1 * 1U;
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *wv_b13 = wv + a0 * 1U;
+    wv_a12[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_xor(wv_a12[0U], wv_b13[0U]);
+    wv_a12[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_rotate_right64(wv_a12[0U], 16U);
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *wv_a13 = wv + c * 1U;
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *wv_b14 = wv + d1 * 1U;
+    wv_a13[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_add64(wv_a13[0U], wv_b14[0U]);
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *wv_a14 = wv + b * 1U;
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *wv_b = wv + c * 1U;
+    wv_a14[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_xor(wv_a14[0U], wv_b[0U]);
+    wv_a14[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_rotate_right64(wv_a14[0U], 63U);
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *r11 = wv + 1U;
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *r2 = wv + 2U;
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *r3 = wv + 3U;
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 v0 = r11[0U];
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256
+    v12 = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_rotate_right_lanes64(v0, 3U);
+    r11[0U] = v12;
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 v03 = r2[0U];
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256
+    v13 = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_rotate_right_lanes64(v03, 2U);
+    r2[0U] = v13;
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 v04 = r3[0U];
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256
+    v14 = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_rotate_right_lanes64(v04, 1U);
+    r3[0U] = v14;);
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *s0 = hash;
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *s1 = hash + 1U;
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *r0 = wv;
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *r1 = wv + 1U;
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *r2 = wv + 2U;
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *r3 = wv + 3U;
+  s0[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_xor(s0[0U], r0[0U]);
+  s0[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_xor(s0[0U], r2[0U]);
+  s1[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_xor(s1[0U], r1[0U]);
+  s1[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_xor(s1[0U], r3[0U]);
+}
+
+void
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_init(Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *hash, uint32_t kk, uint32_t nn)
+{
+  uint8_t salt[16U] = { 0U };
+  uint8_t personal[16U] = { 0U };
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_blake2_params
+  p =
+    {
+      .digest_length = 64U, .key_length = 0U, .fanout = 1U, .depth = 1U, .leaf_length = 0U,
+      .node_offset = 0ULL, .node_depth = 0U, .inner_length = 0U, .salt = salt, .personal = personal
+    };
+  uint64_t tmp[8U] = { 0U };
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *r0 = hash;
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *r1 = hash + 1U;
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *r2 = hash + 2U;
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *r3 = hash + 3U;
+  uint64_t iv0 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_B[0U];
+  uint64_t iv1 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_B[1U];
+  uint64_t iv2 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_B[2U];
+  uint64_t iv3 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_B[3U];
+  uint64_t iv4 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_B[4U];
+  uint64_t iv5 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_B[5U];
+  uint64_t iv6 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_B[6U];
+  uint64_t iv7 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_B[7U];
+  r2[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_load64s(iv0, iv1, iv2, iv3);
+  r3[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_load64s(iv4, iv5, iv6, iv7);
+  uint8_t kk1 = (uint8_t)kk;
+  uint8_t nn1 = (uint8_t)nn;
+  KRML_MAYBE_FOR2(i,
+    0U,
+    2U,
+    1U,
+    uint64_t *os = tmp + 4U;
+    uint8_t *bj = p.salt + i * 8U;
+    uint64_t u = load64_le(bj);
+    uint64_t r = u;
+    uint64_t x = r;
+    os[i] = x;);
+  KRML_MAYBE_FOR2(i,
+    0U,
+    2U,
+    1U,
+    uint64_t *os = tmp + 6U;
+    uint8_t *bj = p.personal + i * 8U;
+    uint64_t u = load64_le(bj);
+    uint64_t r = u;
+    uint64_t x = r;
+    os[i] = x;);
+  tmp[0U] =
+    (uint64_t)nn1
+    ^
+      ((uint64_t)kk1
+      << 8U
+      ^ ((uint64_t)p.fanout << 16U ^ ((uint64_t)p.depth << 24U ^ (uint64_t)p.leaf_length << 32U)));
+  tmp[1U] = p.node_offset;
+  tmp[2U] = (uint64_t)p.node_depth ^ (uint64_t)p.inner_length << 8U;
+  tmp[3U] = 0ULL;
+  uint64_t tmp0 = tmp[0U];
+  uint64_t tmp1 = tmp[1U];
+  uint64_t tmp2 = tmp[2U];
+  uint64_t tmp3 = tmp[3U];
+  uint64_t tmp4 = tmp[4U];
+  uint64_t tmp5 = tmp[5U];
+  uint64_t tmp6 = tmp[6U];
+  uint64_t tmp7 = tmp[7U];
+  uint64_t iv0_ = iv0 ^ tmp0;
+  uint64_t iv1_ = iv1 ^ tmp1;
+  uint64_t iv2_ = iv2 ^ tmp2;
+  uint64_t iv3_ = iv3 ^ tmp3;
+  uint64_t iv4_ = iv4 ^ tmp4;
+  uint64_t iv5_ = iv5 ^ tmp5;
+  uint64_t iv6_ = iv6 ^ tmp6;
+  uint64_t iv7_ = iv7 ^ tmp7;
+  r0[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_load64s(iv0_, iv1_, iv2_, iv3_);
+  r1[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_load64s(iv4_, iv5_, iv6_, iv7_);
+}
+
+static void
+update_key(
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *wv,
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *hash,
+  uint32_t kk,
+  uint8_t *k,
+  uint32_t ll
+)
+{
+  FStar_UInt128_uint128 lb = FStar_UInt128_uint64_to_uint128((uint64_t)128U);
+  uint8_t b[128U] = { 0U };
+  memcpy(b, k, kk * sizeof (uint8_t));
+  if (ll == 0U)
+  {
+    update_block(wv, hash, true, false, lb, b);
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    update_block(wv, hash, false, false, lb, b);
+  }
+  Lib_Memzero0_memzero(b, 128U, uint8_t, void *);
+}
+
+void
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_update_multi(
+  uint32_t len,
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *wv,
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *hash,
+  FStar_UInt128_uint128 prev,
+  uint8_t *blocks,
+  uint32_t nb
+)
+{
+  KRML_MAYBE_UNUSED_VAR(len);
+  for (uint32_t i = 0U; i < nb; i++)
+  {
+    FStar_UInt128_uint128
+    totlen =
+      FStar_UInt128_add_mod(prev,
+        FStar_UInt128_uint64_to_uint128((uint64_t)((i + 1U) * 128U)));
+    uint8_t *b = blocks + i * 128U;
+    update_block(wv, hash, false, false, totlen, b);
+  }
+}
+
+void
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_update_last(
+  uint32_t len,
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *wv,
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *hash,
+  bool last_node,
+  FStar_UInt128_uint128 prev,
+  uint32_t rem,
+  uint8_t *d
+)
+{
+  uint8_t b[128U] = { 0U };
+  uint8_t *last = d + len - rem;
+  memcpy(b, last, rem * sizeof (uint8_t));
+  FStar_UInt128_uint128
+  totlen = FStar_UInt128_add_mod(prev, FStar_UInt128_uint64_to_uint128((uint64_t)len));
+  update_block(wv, hash, true, last_node, totlen, b);
+  Lib_Memzero0_memzero(b, 128U, uint8_t, void *);
+}
+
+static inline void
+update_blocks(
+  uint32_t len,
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *wv,
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *hash,
+  FStar_UInt128_uint128 prev,
+  uint8_t *blocks
+)
+{
+  uint32_t nb0 = len / 128U;
+  uint32_t rem0 = len % 128U;
+  uint32_t nb;
+  if (rem0 == 0U && nb0 > 0U)
+  {
+    nb = nb0 - 1U;
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    nb = nb0;
+  }
+  uint32_t rem;
+  if (rem0 == 0U && nb0 > 0U)
+  {
+    rem = 128U;
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    rem = rem0;
+  }
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_update_multi(len, wv, hash, prev, blocks, nb);
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_update_last(len, wv, hash, false, prev, rem, blocks);
+}
+
+static inline void
+update(
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *wv,
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *hash,
+  uint32_t kk,
+  uint8_t *k,
+  uint32_t ll,
+  uint8_t *d
+)
+{
+  FStar_UInt128_uint128 lb = FStar_UInt128_uint64_to_uint128((uint64_t)128U);
+  if (kk > 0U)
+  {
+    update_key(wv, hash, kk, k, ll);
+    if (!(ll == 0U))
+    {
+      update_blocks(ll, wv, hash, lb, d);
+      return;
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+  update_blocks(ll, wv, hash, FStar_UInt128_uint64_to_uint128((uint64_t)0U), d);
+}
+
+void
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_finish(
+  uint32_t nn,
+  uint8_t *output,
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *hash
+)
+{
+  uint8_t b[64U] = { 0U };
+  uint8_t *first = b;
+  uint8_t *second = b + 32U;
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *row0 = hash;
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *row1 = hash + 1U;
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_store64_le(first, row0[0U]);
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_store64_le(second, row1[0U]);
+  uint8_t *final = b;
+  memcpy(output, final, nn * sizeof (uint8_t));
+  Lib_Memzero0_memzero(b, 64U, uint8_t, void *);
+}
+
+void
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_load_state256b_from_state32(
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *st,
+  uint64_t *st32
+)
+{
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *r0 = st;
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *r1 = st + 1U;
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *r2 = st + 2U;
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *r3 = st + 3U;
+  uint64_t *b0 = st32;
+  uint64_t *b1 = st32 + 4U;
+  uint64_t *b2 = st32 + 8U;
+  uint64_t *b3 = st32 + 12U;
+  r0[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_load64s(b0[0U], b0[1U], b0[2U], b0[3U]);
+  r1[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_load64s(b1[0U], b1[1U], b1[2U], b1[3U]);
+  r2[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_load64s(b2[0U], b2[1U], b2[2U], b2[3U]);
+  r3[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_load64s(b3[0U], b3[1U], b3[2U], b3[3U]);
+}
+
+void
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_store_state256b_to_state32(
+  uint64_t *st32,
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *st
+)
+{
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *r0 = st;
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *r1 = st + 1U;
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *r2 = st + 2U;
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *r3 = st + 3U;
+  uint64_t *b0 = st32;
+  uint64_t *b1 = st32 + 4U;
+  uint64_t *b2 = st32 + 8U;
+  uint64_t *b3 = st32 + 12U;
+  uint8_t b8[32U] = { 0U };
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_store64_le(b8, r0[0U]);
+  KRML_MAYBE_FOR4(i,
+    0U,
+    4U,
+    1U,
+    uint64_t *os = b0;
+    uint8_t *bj = b8 + i * 8U;
+    uint64_t u = load64_le(bj);
+    uint64_t r = u;
+    uint64_t x = r;
+    os[i] = x;);
+  uint8_t b80[32U] = { 0U };
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_store64_le(b80, r1[0U]);
+  KRML_MAYBE_FOR4(i,
+    0U,
+    4U,
+    1U,
+    uint64_t *os = b1;
+    uint8_t *bj = b80 + i * 8U;
+    uint64_t u = load64_le(bj);
+    uint64_t r = u;
+    uint64_t x = r;
+    os[i] = x;);
+  uint8_t b81[32U] = { 0U };
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_store64_le(b81, r2[0U]);
+  KRML_MAYBE_FOR4(i,
+    0U,
+    4U,
+    1U,
+    uint64_t *os = b2;
+    uint8_t *bj = b81 + i * 8U;
+    uint64_t u = load64_le(bj);
+    uint64_t r = u;
+    uint64_t x = r;
+    os[i] = x;);
+  uint8_t b82[32U] = { 0U };
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_store64_le(b82, r3[0U]);
+  KRML_MAYBE_FOR4(i,
+    0U,
+    4U,
+    1U,
+    uint64_t *os = b3;
+    uint8_t *bj = b82 + i * 8U;
+    uint64_t u = load64_le(bj);
+    uint64_t r = u;
+    uint64_t x = r;
+    os[i] = x;);
+}
+
+Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_malloc_with_key(void)
+{
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256
+  *buf =
+    (Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *)KRML_ALIGNED_MALLOC(32,
+      sizeof (Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256) * 4U);
+  memset(buf, 0U, 4U * sizeof (Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256));
+  return buf;
+}
+
+static Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_state_t
+*malloc_raw(Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_index kk, Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_params_and_key key)
+{
+  uint8_t *buf = (uint8_t *)KRML_HOST_CALLOC(128U, sizeof (uint8_t));
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256
+  *wv =
+    (Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *)KRML_ALIGNED_MALLOC(32,
+      sizeof (Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256) * 4U);
+  memset(wv, 0U, 4U * sizeof (Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256));
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256
+  *b =
+    (Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *)KRML_ALIGNED_MALLOC(32,
+      sizeof (Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256) * 4U);
+  memset(b, 0U, 4U * sizeof (Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256));
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_block_state_t
+  block_state =
+    {
+      .fst = kk.key_length,
+      .snd = kk.digest_length,
+      .thd = kk.last_node,
+      .f3 = { .fst = wv, .snd = b }
+    };
+  uint8_t kk10 = kk.key_length;
+  uint32_t ite;
+  if (kk10 != 0U)
+  {
+    ite = 128U;
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    ite = 0U;
+  }
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_state_t
+  s = { .block_state = block_state, .buf = buf, .total_len = (uint64_t)ite };
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_state_t
+  *p =
+    (Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_state_t *)KRML_HOST_MALLOC(sizeof (
+        Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_state_t
+      ));
+  p[0U] = s;
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_blake2_params *p1 = key.fst;
+  uint8_t kk1 = p1->key_length;
+  uint8_t nn = p1->digest_length;
+  bool last_node = block_state.thd;
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_index i = { .key_length = kk1, .digest_length = nn, .last_node = last_node };
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *h = block_state.f3.snd;
+  uint32_t kk20 = (uint32_t)i.key_length;
+  uint8_t *k_1 = key.snd;
+  if (!(kk20 == 0U))
+  {
+    uint8_t *sub_b = buf + kk20;
+    memset(sub_b, 0U, (128U - kk20) * sizeof (uint8_t));
+    memcpy(buf, k_1, kk20 * sizeof (uint8_t));
+  }
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_blake2_params pv = p1[0U];
+  uint64_t tmp[8U] = { 0U };
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *r0 = h;
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *r1 = h + 1U;
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *r2 = h + 2U;
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *r3 = h + 3U;
+  uint64_t iv0 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_B[0U];
+  uint64_t iv1 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_B[1U];
+  uint64_t iv2 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_B[2U];
+  uint64_t iv3 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_B[3U];
+  uint64_t iv4 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_B[4U];
+  uint64_t iv5 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_B[5U];
+  uint64_t iv6 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_B[6U];
+  uint64_t iv7 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_B[7U];
+  r2[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_load64s(iv0, iv1, iv2, iv3);
+  r3[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_load64s(iv4, iv5, iv6, iv7);
+  uint8_t kk2 = pv.key_length;
+  uint8_t nn1 = pv.digest_length;
+  KRML_MAYBE_FOR2(i0,
+    0U,
+    2U,
+    1U,
+    uint64_t *os = tmp + 4U;
+    uint8_t *bj = pv.salt + i0 * 8U;
+    uint64_t u = load64_le(bj);
+    uint64_t r4 = u;
+    uint64_t x = r4;
+    os[i0] = x;);
+  KRML_MAYBE_FOR2(i0,
+    0U,
+    2U,
+    1U,
+    uint64_t *os = tmp + 6U;
+    uint8_t *bj = pv.personal + i0 * 8U;
+    uint64_t u = load64_le(bj);
+    uint64_t r4 = u;
+    uint64_t x = r4;
+    os[i0] = x;);
+  tmp[0U] =
+    (uint64_t)nn1
+    ^
+      ((uint64_t)kk2
+      << 8U
+      ^ ((uint64_t)pv.fanout << 16U ^ ((uint64_t)pv.depth << 24U ^ (uint64_t)pv.leaf_length << 32U)));
+  tmp[1U] = pv.node_offset;
+  tmp[2U] = (uint64_t)pv.node_depth ^ (uint64_t)pv.inner_length << 8U;
+  tmp[3U] = 0ULL;
+  uint64_t tmp0 = tmp[0U];
+  uint64_t tmp1 = tmp[1U];
+  uint64_t tmp2 = tmp[2U];
+  uint64_t tmp3 = tmp[3U];
+  uint64_t tmp4 = tmp[4U];
+  uint64_t tmp5 = tmp[5U];
+  uint64_t tmp6 = tmp[6U];
+  uint64_t tmp7 = tmp[7U];
+  uint64_t iv0_ = iv0 ^ tmp0;
+  uint64_t iv1_ = iv1 ^ tmp1;
+  uint64_t iv2_ = iv2 ^ tmp2;
+  uint64_t iv3_ = iv3 ^ tmp3;
+  uint64_t iv4_ = iv4 ^ tmp4;
+  uint64_t iv5_ = iv5 ^ tmp5;
+  uint64_t iv6_ = iv6 ^ tmp6;
+  uint64_t iv7_ = iv7 ^ tmp7;
+  r0[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_load64s(iv0_, iv1_, iv2_, iv3_);
+  r1[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_load64s(iv4_, iv5_, iv6_, iv7_);
+  return p;
+}
+
+/**
+ General-purpose allocation function that gives control over all
+Blake2 parameters, including the key. Further resettings of the state SHALL be
+done with `reset_with_params_and_key`, and SHALL feature the exact same values
+for the `key_length` and `digest_length` fields as passed here. In other words,
+once you commit to a digest and key length, the only way to change these
+parameters is to allocate a new object.
+
+The caller must satisfy the following requirements.
+- The length of the key k MUST match the value of the field key_length in the
+  parameters.
+- The key_length must not exceed 256 for S, 64 for B.
+- The digest_length must not exceed 256 for S, 64 for B.
+
+*/
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_state_t
+*Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_malloc_with_params_and_key(
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_blake2_params *p,
+  bool last_node,
+  uint8_t *k
+)
+{
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_blake2_params pv = p[0U];
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_index
+  i1 = { .key_length = pv.key_length, .digest_length = pv.digest_length, .last_node = last_node };
+  return malloc_raw(i1, ((Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_params_and_key){ .fst = p, .snd = k }));
+}
+
+/**
+ Specialized allocation function that picks default values for all
+parameters, except for the key_length. Further resettings of the state SHALL be
+done with `reset_with_key`, and SHALL feature the exact same key length `kk` as
+passed here. In other words, once you commit to a key length, the only way to
+change this parameter is to allocate a new object.
+
+The caller must satisfy the following requirements.
+- The key_length must not exceed 256 for S, 64 for B.
+
+*/
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_state_t
+*Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_malloc_with_key0(uint8_t *k, uint8_t kk)
+{
+  uint8_t nn = 64U;
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_index i = { .key_length = kk, .digest_length = nn, .last_node = false };
+  uint8_t salt[16U] = { 0U };
+  uint8_t personal[16U] = { 0U };
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_blake2_params
+  p =
+    {
+      .digest_length = i.digest_length, .key_length = i.key_length, .fanout = 1U, .depth = 1U,
+      .leaf_length = 0U, .node_offset = 0ULL, .node_depth = 0U, .inner_length = 0U, .salt = salt,
+      .personal = personal
+    };
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_blake2_params p0 = p;
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_state_t
+  *s = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_malloc_with_params_and_key(&p0, false, k);
+  return s;
+}
+
+/**
+ Specialized allocation function that picks default values for all
+parameters, and has no key. Effectively, this is what you want if you intend to
+use Blake2 as a hash function. Further resettings of the state SHALL be done with `reset`.
+*/
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_state_t *Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_malloc(void)
+{
+  return Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_malloc_with_key0(NULL, 0U);
+}
+
+static Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_index index_of_state(Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_state_t *s)
+{
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_block_state_t block_state = (*s).block_state;
+  bool last_node = block_state.thd;
+  uint8_t nn = block_state.snd;
+  uint8_t kk1 = block_state.fst;
+  return
+    ((Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_index){ .key_length = kk1, .digest_length = nn, .last_node = last_node });
+}
+
+static void
+reset_raw(Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_state_t *state, Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_params_and_key key)
+{
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_state_t scrut = *state;
+  uint8_t *buf = scrut.buf;
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_block_state_t block_state = scrut.block_state;
+  bool last_node0 = block_state.thd;
+  uint8_t nn0 = block_state.snd;
+  uint8_t kk10 = block_state.fst;
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_index
+  i = { .key_length = kk10, .digest_length = nn0, .last_node = last_node0 };
+  KRML_MAYBE_UNUSED_VAR(i);
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_blake2_params *p = key.fst;
+  uint8_t kk1 = p->key_length;
+  uint8_t nn = p->digest_length;
+  bool last_node = block_state.thd;
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_index
+  i1 = { .key_length = kk1, .digest_length = nn, .last_node = last_node };
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *h = block_state.f3.snd;
+  uint32_t kk20 = (uint32_t)i1.key_length;
+  uint8_t *k_1 = key.snd;
+  if (!(kk20 == 0U))
+  {
+    uint8_t *sub_b = buf + kk20;
+    memset(sub_b, 0U, (128U - kk20) * sizeof (uint8_t));
+    memcpy(buf, k_1, kk20 * sizeof (uint8_t));
+  }
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_blake2_params pv = p[0U];
+  uint64_t tmp[8U] = { 0U };
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *r0 = h;
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *r1 = h + 1U;
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *r2 = h + 2U;
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *r3 = h + 3U;
+  uint64_t iv0 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_B[0U];
+  uint64_t iv1 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_B[1U];
+  uint64_t iv2 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_B[2U];
+  uint64_t iv3 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_B[3U];
+  uint64_t iv4 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_B[4U];
+  uint64_t iv5 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_B[5U];
+  uint64_t iv6 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_B[6U];
+  uint64_t iv7 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_B[7U];
+  r2[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_load64s(iv0, iv1, iv2, iv3);
+  r3[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_load64s(iv4, iv5, iv6, iv7);
+  uint8_t kk2 = pv.key_length;
+  uint8_t nn1 = pv.digest_length;
+  KRML_MAYBE_FOR2(i0,
+    0U,
+    2U,
+    1U,
+    uint64_t *os = tmp + 4U;
+    uint8_t *bj = pv.salt + i0 * 8U;
+    uint64_t u = load64_le(bj);
+    uint64_t r = u;
+    uint64_t x = r;
+    os[i0] = x;);
+  KRML_MAYBE_FOR2(i0,
+    0U,
+    2U,
+    1U,
+    uint64_t *os = tmp + 6U;
+    uint8_t *bj = pv.personal + i0 * 8U;
+    uint64_t u = load64_le(bj);
+    uint64_t r = u;
+    uint64_t x = r;
+    os[i0] = x;);
+  tmp[0U] =
+    (uint64_t)nn1
+    ^
+      ((uint64_t)kk2
+      << 8U
+      ^ ((uint64_t)pv.fanout << 16U ^ ((uint64_t)pv.depth << 24U ^ (uint64_t)pv.leaf_length << 32U)));
+  tmp[1U] = pv.node_offset;
+  tmp[2U] = (uint64_t)pv.node_depth ^ (uint64_t)pv.inner_length << 8U;
+  tmp[3U] = 0ULL;
+  uint64_t tmp0 = tmp[0U];
+  uint64_t tmp1 = tmp[1U];
+  uint64_t tmp2 = tmp[2U];
+  uint64_t tmp3 = tmp[3U];
+  uint64_t tmp4 = tmp[4U];
+  uint64_t tmp5 = tmp[5U];
+  uint64_t tmp6 = tmp[6U];
+  uint64_t tmp7 = tmp[7U];
+  uint64_t iv0_ = iv0 ^ tmp0;
+  uint64_t iv1_ = iv1 ^ tmp1;
+  uint64_t iv2_ = iv2 ^ tmp2;
+  uint64_t iv3_ = iv3 ^ tmp3;
+  uint64_t iv4_ = iv4 ^ tmp4;
+  uint64_t iv5_ = iv5 ^ tmp5;
+  uint64_t iv6_ = iv6 ^ tmp6;
+  uint64_t iv7_ = iv7 ^ tmp7;
+  r0[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_load64s(iv0_, iv1_, iv2_, iv3_);
+  r1[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_load64s(iv4_, iv5_, iv6_, iv7_);
+  uint8_t kk11 = i.key_length;
+  uint32_t ite;
+  if (kk11 != 0U)
+  {
+    ite = 128U;
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    ite = 0U;
+  }
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_state_t
+  tmp8 = { .block_state = block_state, .buf = buf, .total_len = (uint64_t)ite };
+  state[0U] = tmp8;
+}
+
+/**
+ General-purpose re-initialization function with parameters and
+key. You cannot change digest_length, key_length, or last_node, meaning those values in
+the parameters object must be the same as originally decided via one of the
+malloc functions. All other values of the parameter can be changed. The behavior
+is unspecified if you violate this precondition.
+*/
+void
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_reset_with_key_and_params(
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_state_t *s,
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_blake2_params *p,
+  uint8_t *k
+)
+{
+  index_of_state(s);
+  reset_raw(s, ((Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_params_and_key){ .fst = p, .snd = k }));
+}
+
+/**
+ Specialized-purpose re-initialization function with no parameters,
+and a key. The key length must be the same as originally decided via your choice
+of malloc function. All other parameters are reset to their default values. The
+original call to malloc MUST have set digest_length to the default value. The
+behavior is unspecified if you violate this precondition.
+*/
+void Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_reset_with_key(Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_state_t *s, uint8_t *k)
+{
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_index idx = index_of_state(s);
+  uint8_t salt[16U] = { 0U };
+  uint8_t personal[16U] = { 0U };
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_blake2_params
+  p =
+    {
+      .digest_length = idx.digest_length, .key_length = idx.key_length, .fanout = 1U, .depth = 1U,
+      .leaf_length = 0U, .node_offset = 0ULL, .node_depth = 0U, .inner_length = 0U, .salt = salt,
+      .personal = personal
+    };
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_blake2_params p0 = p;
+  reset_raw(s, ((Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_params_and_key){ .fst = &p0, .snd = k }));
+}
+
+/**
+ Specialized-purpose re-initialization function with no parameters
+and no key. This is what you want if you intend to use Blake2 as a hash
+function. The key length and digest length must have been set to their
+respective default values via your choice of malloc function (always true if you
+used `malloc`). All other parameters are reset to their default values. The
+behavior is unspecified if you violate this precondition.
+*/
+void Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_reset(Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_state_t *s)
+{
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_reset_with_key(s, NULL);
+}
+
+/**
+  Update function; 0 = success, 1 = max length exceeded
+*/
+Hacl_Streaming_Types_error_code
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_update(
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_state_t *state,
+  uint8_t *chunk,
+  uint32_t chunk_len
+)
+{
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_state_t s = *state;
+  uint64_t total_len = s.total_len;
+  if ((uint64_t)chunk_len > 0xffffffffffffffffULL - total_len)
+  {
+    return Hacl_Streaming_Types_MaximumLengthExceeded;
+  }
+  uint32_t sz;
+  if (total_len % (uint64_t)128U == 0ULL && total_len > 0ULL)
+  {
+    sz = 128U;
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    sz = (uint32_t)(total_len % (uint64_t)128U);
+  }
+  if (chunk_len <= 128U - sz)
+  {
+    Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_state_t s1 = *state;
+    Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_block_state_t block_state1 = s1.block_state;
+    uint8_t *buf = s1.buf;
+    uint64_t total_len1 = s1.total_len;
+    uint32_t sz1;
+    if (total_len1 % (uint64_t)128U == 0ULL && total_len1 > 0ULL)
+    {
+      sz1 = 128U;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      sz1 = (uint32_t)(total_len1 % (uint64_t)128U);
+    }
+    uint8_t *buf2 = buf + sz1;
+    memcpy(buf2, chunk, chunk_len * sizeof (uint8_t));
+    uint64_t total_len2 = total_len1 + (uint64_t)chunk_len;
+    *state
+    =
+      (
+        (Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_state_t){
+          .block_state = block_state1,
+          .buf = buf,
+          .total_len = total_len2
+        }
+      );
+  }
+  else if (sz == 0U)
+  {
+    Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_state_t s1 = *state;
+    Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_block_state_t block_state1 = s1.block_state;
+    uint8_t *buf = s1.buf;
+    uint64_t total_len1 = s1.total_len;
+    uint32_t sz1;
+    if (total_len1 % (uint64_t)128U == 0ULL && total_len1 > 0ULL)
+    {
+      sz1 = 128U;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      sz1 = (uint32_t)(total_len1 % (uint64_t)128U);
+    }
+    if (!(sz1 == 0U))
+    {
+      uint64_t prevlen = total_len1 - (uint64_t)sz1;
+      K____Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256___Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_ acc = block_state1.f3;
+      Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *wv = acc.fst;
+      Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *hash = acc.snd;
+      uint32_t nb = 1U;
+      Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_update_multi(128U,
+        wv,
+        hash,
+        FStar_UInt128_uint64_to_uint128(prevlen),
+        buf,
+        nb);
+    }
+    uint32_t ite;
+    if ((uint64_t)chunk_len % (uint64_t)128U == 0ULL && (uint64_t)chunk_len > 0ULL)
+    {
+      ite = 128U;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      ite = (uint32_t)((uint64_t)chunk_len % (uint64_t)128U);
+    }
+    uint32_t n_blocks = (chunk_len - ite) / 128U;
+    uint32_t data1_len = n_blocks * 128U;
+    uint32_t data2_len = chunk_len - data1_len;
+    uint8_t *data1 = chunk;
+    uint8_t *data2 = chunk + data1_len;
+    K____Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256___Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_ acc = block_state1.f3;
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *wv = acc.fst;
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *hash = acc.snd;
+    uint32_t nb = data1_len / 128U;
+    Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_update_multi(data1_len,
+      wv,
+      hash,
+      FStar_UInt128_uint64_to_uint128(total_len1),
+      data1,
+      nb);
+    uint8_t *dst = buf;
+    memcpy(dst, data2, data2_len * sizeof (uint8_t));
+    *state
+    =
+      (
+        (Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_state_t){
+          .block_state = block_state1,
+          .buf = buf,
+          .total_len = total_len1 + (uint64_t)chunk_len
+        }
+      );
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    uint32_t diff = 128U - sz;
+    uint8_t *chunk1 = chunk;
+    uint8_t *chunk2 = chunk + diff;
+    Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_state_t s1 = *state;
+    Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_block_state_t block_state10 = s1.block_state;
+    uint8_t *buf0 = s1.buf;
+    uint64_t total_len10 = s1.total_len;
+    uint32_t sz10;
+    if (total_len10 % (uint64_t)128U == 0ULL && total_len10 > 0ULL)
+    {
+      sz10 = 128U;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      sz10 = (uint32_t)(total_len10 % (uint64_t)128U);
+    }
+    uint8_t *buf2 = buf0 + sz10;
+    memcpy(buf2, chunk1, diff * sizeof (uint8_t));
+    uint64_t total_len2 = total_len10 + (uint64_t)diff;
+    *state
+    =
+      (
+        (Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_state_t){
+          .block_state = block_state10,
+          .buf = buf0,
+          .total_len = total_len2
+        }
+      );
+    Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_state_t s10 = *state;
+    Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_block_state_t block_state1 = s10.block_state;
+    uint8_t *buf = s10.buf;
+    uint64_t total_len1 = s10.total_len;
+    uint32_t sz1;
+    if (total_len1 % (uint64_t)128U == 0ULL && total_len1 > 0ULL)
+    {
+      sz1 = 128U;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      sz1 = (uint32_t)(total_len1 % (uint64_t)128U);
+    }
+    if (!(sz1 == 0U))
+    {
+      uint64_t prevlen = total_len1 - (uint64_t)sz1;
+      K____Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256___Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_ acc = block_state1.f3;
+      Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *wv = acc.fst;
+      Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *hash = acc.snd;
+      uint32_t nb = 1U;
+      Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_update_multi(128U,
+        wv,
+        hash,
+        FStar_UInt128_uint64_to_uint128(prevlen),
+        buf,
+        nb);
+    }
+    uint32_t ite;
+    if
+    ((uint64_t)(chunk_len - diff) % (uint64_t)128U == 0ULL && (uint64_t)(chunk_len - diff) > 0ULL)
+    {
+      ite = 128U;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      ite = (uint32_t)((uint64_t)(chunk_len - diff) % (uint64_t)128U);
+    }
+    uint32_t n_blocks = (chunk_len - diff - ite) / 128U;
+    uint32_t data1_len = n_blocks * 128U;
+    uint32_t data2_len = chunk_len - diff - data1_len;
+    uint8_t *data1 = chunk2;
+    uint8_t *data2 = chunk2 + data1_len;
+    K____Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256___Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_ acc = block_state1.f3;
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *wv = acc.fst;
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *hash = acc.snd;
+    uint32_t nb = data1_len / 128U;
+    Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_update_multi(data1_len,
+      wv,
+      hash,
+      FStar_UInt128_uint64_to_uint128(total_len1),
+      data1,
+      nb);
+    uint8_t *dst = buf;
+    memcpy(dst, data2, data2_len * sizeof (uint8_t));
+    *state
+    =
+      (
+        (Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_state_t){
+          .block_state = block_state1,
+          .buf = buf,
+          .total_len = total_len1 + (uint64_t)(chunk_len - diff)
+        }
+      );
+  }
+  return Hacl_Streaming_Types_Success;
+}
+
+/**
+ Digest function. This function expects the `output` array to hold
+at least `digest_length` bytes, where `digest_length` was determined by your
+choice of `malloc` function. Concretely, if you used `malloc` or
+`malloc_with_key`, then the expected length is 256 for S, or 64 for B (default
+digest length). If you used `malloc_with_params_and_key`, then the expected
+length is whatever you chose for the `digest_length` field of your parameters.
+For convenience, this function returns `digest_length`. When in doubt, callers
+can pass an array of size HACL_BLAKE2B_256_OUT_BYTES, then use the return value
+to see how many bytes were actually written.
+*/
+uint8_t Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_digest(Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_state_t *s, uint8_t *dst)
+{
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_block_state_t block_state0 = (*s).block_state;
+  bool last_node0 = block_state0.thd;
+  uint8_t nn0 = block_state0.snd;
+  uint8_t kk0 = block_state0.fst;
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_index
+  i1 = { .key_length = kk0, .digest_length = nn0, .last_node = last_node0 };
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_state_t scrut = *s;
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_block_state_t block_state = scrut.block_state;
+  uint8_t *buf_ = scrut.buf;
+  uint64_t total_len = scrut.total_len;
+  uint32_t r;
+  if (total_len % (uint64_t)128U == 0ULL && total_len > 0ULL)
+  {
+    r = 128U;
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    r = (uint32_t)(total_len % (uint64_t)128U);
+  }
+  uint8_t *buf_1 = buf_;
+  KRML_PRE_ALIGN(32) Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 wv0[4U] KRML_POST_ALIGN(32) = { 0U };
+  KRML_PRE_ALIGN(32) Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 b[4U] KRML_POST_ALIGN(32) = { 0U };
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_block_state_t
+  tmp_block_state =
+    {
+      .fst = i1.key_length,
+      .snd = i1.digest_length,
+      .thd = i1.last_node,
+      .f3 = { .fst = wv0, .snd = b }
+    };
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *src_b = block_state.f3.snd;
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *dst_b = tmp_block_state.f3.snd;
+  memcpy(dst_b, src_b, 4U * sizeof (Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256));
+  uint64_t prev_len = total_len - (uint64_t)r;
+  uint32_t ite;
+  if (r % 128U == 0U && r > 0U)
+  {
+    ite = 128U;
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    ite = r % 128U;
+  }
+  uint8_t *buf_last = buf_1 + r - ite;
+  uint8_t *buf_multi = buf_1;
+  K____Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256___Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_
+  acc0 = tmp_block_state.f3;
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *wv1 = acc0.fst;
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *hash0 = acc0.snd;
+  uint32_t nb = 0U;
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_update_multi(0U,
+    wv1,
+    hash0,
+    FStar_UInt128_uint64_to_uint128(prev_len),
+    buf_multi,
+    nb);
+  uint64_t prev_len_last = total_len - (uint64_t)r;
+  K____Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256___Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_
+  acc = tmp_block_state.f3;
+  bool last_node1 = tmp_block_state.thd;
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *wv = acc.fst;
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *hash = acc.snd;
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_update_last(r,
+    wv,
+    hash,
+    last_node1,
+    FStar_UInt128_uint64_to_uint128(prev_len_last),
+    r,
+    buf_last);
+  uint8_t nn1 = tmp_block_state.snd;
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_finish((uint32_t)nn1, dst, tmp_block_state.f3.snd);
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_block_state_t block_state1 = (*s).block_state;
+  bool last_node = block_state1.thd;
+  uint8_t nn = block_state1.snd;
+  uint8_t kk = block_state1.fst;
+  return
+    ((Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_index){ .key_length = kk, .digest_length = nn, .last_node = last_node }).digest_length;
+}
+
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_index Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_info(Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_state_t *s)
+{
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_block_state_t block_state = (*s).block_state;
+  bool last_node = block_state.thd;
+  uint8_t nn = block_state.snd;
+  uint8_t kk = block_state.fst;
+  return
+    ((Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_index){ .key_length = kk, .digest_length = nn, .last_node = last_node });
+}
+
+/**
+  Free state function when there is no key
+*/
+void Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_free(Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_state_t *state)
+{
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_state_t scrut = *state;
+  uint8_t *buf = scrut.buf;
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_block_state_t block_state = scrut.block_state;
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *b = block_state.f3.snd;
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *wv = block_state.f3.fst;
+  KRML_ALIGNED_FREE(wv);
+  KRML_ALIGNED_FREE(b);
+  KRML_HOST_FREE(buf);
+  KRML_HOST_FREE(state);
+}
+
+/**
+  Copying. This preserves all parameters.
+*/
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_state_t
+*Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_copy(Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_state_t *state)
+{
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_state_t scrut = *state;
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_block_state_t block_state0 = scrut.block_state;
+  uint8_t *buf0 = scrut.buf;
+  uint64_t total_len0 = scrut.total_len;
+  bool last_node = block_state0.thd;
+  uint8_t nn = block_state0.snd;
+  uint8_t kk1 = block_state0.fst;
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_index i = { .key_length = kk1, .digest_length = nn, .last_node = last_node };
+  uint8_t *buf = (uint8_t *)KRML_HOST_CALLOC(128U, sizeof (uint8_t));
+  memcpy(buf, buf0, 128U * sizeof (uint8_t));
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256
+  *wv =
+    (Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *)KRML_ALIGNED_MALLOC(32,
+      sizeof (Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256) * 4U);
+  memset(wv, 0U, 4U * sizeof (Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256));
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256
+  *b =
+    (Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *)KRML_ALIGNED_MALLOC(32,
+      sizeof (Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256) * 4U);
+  memset(b, 0U, 4U * sizeof (Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256));
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_block_state_t
+  block_state =
+    {
+      .fst = i.key_length,
+      .snd = i.digest_length,
+      .thd = i.last_node,
+      .f3 = { .fst = wv, .snd = b }
+    };
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *src_b = block_state0.f3.snd;
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *dst_b = block_state.f3.snd;
+  memcpy(dst_b, src_b, 4U * sizeof (Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256));
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_state_t
+  s = { .block_state = block_state, .buf = buf, .total_len = total_len0 };
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_state_t
+  *p =
+    (Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_state_t *)KRML_HOST_MALLOC(sizeof (
+        Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_state_t
+      ));
+  p[0U] = s;
+  return p;
+}
+
+/**
+Write the BLAKE2b digest of message `input` using key `key` into `output`.
+
+@param output Pointer to `output_len` bytes of memory where the digest is written to.
+@param output_len Length of the to-be-generated digest with 1 <= `output_len` <= 64.
+@param input Pointer to `input_len` bytes of memory where the input message is read from.
+@param input_len Length of the input message.
+@param key Pointer to `key_len` bytes of memory where the key is read from.
+@param key_len Length of the key. Can be 0.
+*/
+void
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_hash_with_key(
+  uint8_t *output,
+  uint32_t output_len,
+  uint8_t *input,
+  uint32_t input_len,
+  uint8_t *key,
+  uint32_t key_len
+)
+{
+  KRML_PRE_ALIGN(32) Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 b[4U] KRML_POST_ALIGN(32) = { 0U };
+  KRML_PRE_ALIGN(32) Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 b1[4U] KRML_POST_ALIGN(32) = { 0U };
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_init(b, key_len, output_len);
+  update(b1, b, key_len, key, input_len, input);
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_finish(output_len, output, b);
+  Lib_Memzero0_memzero(b1, 4U, Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256, void *);
+  Lib_Memzero0_memzero(b, 4U, Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256, void *);
+}
+
+/**
+Write the BLAKE2b digest of message `input` using key `key` and
+parameters `params` into `output`. The `key` array must be of length
+`params.key_length`. The `output` array must be of length
+`params.digest_length`.
+*/
+void
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_hash_with_key_and_params(
+  uint8_t *output,
+  uint8_t *input,
+  uint32_t input_len,
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_blake2_params params,
+  uint8_t *key
+)
+{
+  KRML_PRE_ALIGN(32) Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 b[4U] KRML_POST_ALIGN(32) = { 0U };
+  KRML_PRE_ALIGN(32) Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 b1[4U] KRML_POST_ALIGN(32) = { 0U };
+  uint64_t tmp[8U] = { 0U };
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *r0 = b;
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *r1 = b + 1U;
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *r2 = b + 2U;
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *r3 = b + 3U;
+  uint64_t iv0 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_B[0U];
+  uint64_t iv1 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_B[1U];
+  uint64_t iv2 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_B[2U];
+  uint64_t iv3 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_B[3U];
+  uint64_t iv4 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_B[4U];
+  uint64_t iv5 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_B[5U];
+  uint64_t iv6 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_B[6U];
+  uint64_t iv7 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_B[7U];
+  r2[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_load64s(iv0, iv1, iv2, iv3);
+  r3[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_load64s(iv4, iv5, iv6, iv7);
+  uint8_t kk = params.key_length;
+  uint8_t nn = params.digest_length;
+  KRML_MAYBE_FOR2(i,
+    0U,
+    2U,
+    1U,
+    uint64_t *os = tmp + 4U;
+    uint8_t *bj = params.salt + i * 8U;
+    uint64_t u = load64_le(bj);
+    uint64_t r = u;
+    uint64_t x = r;
+    os[i] = x;);
+  KRML_MAYBE_FOR2(i,
+    0U,
+    2U,
+    1U,
+    uint64_t *os = tmp + 6U;
+    uint8_t *bj = params.personal + i * 8U;
+    uint64_t u = load64_le(bj);
+    uint64_t r = u;
+    uint64_t x = r;
+    os[i] = x;);
+  tmp[0U] =
+    (uint64_t)nn
+    ^
+      ((uint64_t)kk
+      << 8U
+      ^
+        ((uint64_t)params.fanout
+        << 16U
+        ^ ((uint64_t)params.depth << 24U ^ (uint64_t)params.leaf_length << 32U)));
+  tmp[1U] = params.node_offset;
+  tmp[2U] = (uint64_t)params.node_depth ^ (uint64_t)params.inner_length << 8U;
+  tmp[3U] = 0ULL;
+  uint64_t tmp0 = tmp[0U];
+  uint64_t tmp1 = tmp[1U];
+  uint64_t tmp2 = tmp[2U];
+  uint64_t tmp3 = tmp[3U];
+  uint64_t tmp4 = tmp[4U];
+  uint64_t tmp5 = tmp[5U];
+  uint64_t tmp6 = tmp[6U];
+  uint64_t tmp7 = tmp[7U];
+  uint64_t iv0_ = iv0 ^ tmp0;
+  uint64_t iv1_ = iv1 ^ tmp1;
+  uint64_t iv2_ = iv2 ^ tmp2;
+  uint64_t iv3_ = iv3 ^ tmp3;
+  uint64_t iv4_ = iv4 ^ tmp4;
+  uint64_t iv5_ = iv5 ^ tmp5;
+  uint64_t iv6_ = iv6 ^ tmp6;
+  uint64_t iv7_ = iv7 ^ tmp7;
+  r0[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_load64s(iv0_, iv1_, iv2_, iv3_);
+  r1[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_load64s(iv4_, iv5_, iv6_, iv7_);
+  update(b1, b, (uint32_t)params.key_length, key, input_len, input);
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_finish((uint32_t)params.digest_length, output, b);
+  Lib_Memzero0_memzero(b1, 4U, Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256, void *);
+  Lib_Memzero0_memzero(b, 4U, Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256, void *);
+}
+
diff --git a/Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256.h b/Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..6c11a4ba32134a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256.h
@@ -0,0 +1,231 @@
+/* MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 INRIA, CMU and Microsoft Corporation
+ * Copyright (c) 2022-2023 HACL* Contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+
+#ifndef __Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_H
+#define __Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_H
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus)
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include "python_hacl_namespaces.h"
+#include "krml/types.h"
+#include "krml/lowstar_endianness.h"
+#include "krml/internal/target.h"
+
+#include "Hacl_Streaming_Types.h"
+
+#include "Hacl_Hash_Blake2b.h"
+#include "libintvector.h"
+
+#define HACL_HASH_BLAKE2B_SIMD256_BLOCK_BYTES (128U)
+
+#define HACL_HASH_BLAKE2B_SIMD256_OUT_BYTES (64U)
+
+#define HACL_HASH_BLAKE2B_SIMD256_KEY_BYTES (64U)
+
+#define HACL_HASH_BLAKE2B_SIMD256_SALT_BYTES (16U)
+
+#define HACL_HASH_BLAKE2B_SIMD256_PERSONAL_BYTES (16U)
+
+typedef struct K____Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256___Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256__s
+{
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *fst;
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *snd;
+}
+K____Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256___Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_;
+
+typedef struct Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_block_state_t_s
+{
+  uint8_t fst;
+  uint8_t snd;
+  bool thd;
+  K____Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256___Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_ f3;
+}
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_block_state_t;
+
+typedef struct Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_state_t_s
+{
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_block_state_t block_state;
+  uint8_t *buf;
+  uint64_t total_len;
+}
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_state_t;
+
+/**
+ General-purpose allocation function that gives control over all
+Blake2 parameters, including the key. Further resettings of the state SHALL be
+done with `reset_with_params_and_key`, and SHALL feature the exact same values
+for the `key_length` and `digest_length` fields as passed here. In other words,
+once you commit to a digest and key length, the only way to change these
+parameters is to allocate a new object.
+
+The caller must satisfy the following requirements.
+- The length of the key k MUST match the value of the field key_length in the
+  parameters.
+- The key_length must not exceed 256 for S, 64 for B.
+- The digest_length must not exceed 256 for S, 64 for B.
+
+*/
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_state_t
+*Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_malloc_with_params_and_key(
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_blake2_params *p,
+  bool last_node,
+  uint8_t *k
+);
+
+/**
+ Specialized allocation function that picks default values for all
+parameters, except for the key_length. Further resettings of the state SHALL be
+done with `reset_with_key`, and SHALL feature the exact same key length `kk` as
+passed here. In other words, once you commit to a key length, the only way to
+change this parameter is to allocate a new object.
+
+The caller must satisfy the following requirements.
+- The key_length must not exceed 256 for S, 64 for B.
+
+*/
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_state_t
+*Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_malloc_with_key0(uint8_t *k, uint8_t kk);
+
+/**
+ Specialized allocation function that picks default values for all
+parameters, and has no key. Effectively, this is what you want if you intend to
+use Blake2 as a hash function. Further resettings of the state SHALL be done with `reset`.
+*/
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_state_t *Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_malloc(void);
+
+/**
+ General-purpose re-initialization function with parameters and
+key. You cannot change digest_length, key_length, or last_node, meaning those values in
+the parameters object must be the same as originally decided via one of the
+malloc functions. All other values of the parameter can be changed. The behavior
+is unspecified if you violate this precondition.
+*/
+void
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_reset_with_key_and_params(
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_state_t *s,
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_blake2_params *p,
+  uint8_t *k
+);
+
+/**
+ Specialized-purpose re-initialization function with no parameters,
+and a key. The key length must be the same as originally decided via your choice
+of malloc function. All other parameters are reset to their default values. The
+original call to malloc MUST have set digest_length to the default value. The
+behavior is unspecified if you violate this precondition.
+*/
+void
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_reset_with_key(Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_state_t *s, uint8_t *k);
+
+/**
+ Specialized-purpose re-initialization function with no parameters
+and no key. This is what you want if you intend to use Blake2 as a hash
+function. The key length and digest length must have been set to their
+respective default values via your choice of malloc function (always true if you
+used `malloc`). All other parameters are reset to their default values. The
+behavior is unspecified if you violate this precondition.
+*/
+void Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_reset(Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_state_t *s);
+
+/**
+  Update function; 0 = success, 1 = max length exceeded
+*/
+Hacl_Streaming_Types_error_code
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_update(
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_state_t *state,
+  uint8_t *chunk,
+  uint32_t chunk_len
+);
+
+/**
+ Digest function. This function expects the `output` array to hold
+at least `digest_length` bytes, where `digest_length` was determined by your
+choice of `malloc` function. Concretely, if you used `malloc` or
+`malloc_with_key`, then the expected length is 256 for S, or 64 for B (default
+digest length). If you used `malloc_with_params_and_key`, then the expected
+length is whatever you chose for the `digest_length` field of your parameters.
+For convenience, this function returns `digest_length`. When in doubt, callers
+can pass an array of size HACL_BLAKE2B_256_OUT_BYTES, then use the return value
+to see how many bytes were actually written.
+*/
+uint8_t Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_digest(Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_state_t *s, uint8_t *dst);
+
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_index Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_info(Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_state_t *s);
+
+/**
+  Free state function when there is no key
+*/
+void Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_free(Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_state_t *state);
+
+/**
+  Copying. This preserves all parameters.
+*/
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_state_t
+*Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_copy(Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_state_t *state);
+
+/**
+Write the BLAKE2b digest of message `input` using key `key` into `output`.
+
+@param output Pointer to `output_len` bytes of memory where the digest is written to.
+@param output_len Length of the to-be-generated digest with 1 <= `output_len` <= 64.
+@param input Pointer to `input_len` bytes of memory where the input message is read from.
+@param input_len Length of the input message.
+@param key Pointer to `key_len` bytes of memory where the key is read from.
+@param key_len Length of the key. Can be 0.
+*/
+void
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_hash_with_key(
+  uint8_t *output,
+  uint32_t output_len,
+  uint8_t *input,
+  uint32_t input_len,
+  uint8_t *key,
+  uint32_t key_len
+);
+
+/**
+Write the BLAKE2b digest of message `input` using key `key` and
+parameters `params` into `output`. The `key` array must be of length
+`params.key_length`. The `output` array must be of length
+`params.digest_length`.
+*/
+void
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_hash_with_key_and_params(
+  uint8_t *output,
+  uint8_t *input,
+  uint32_t input_len,
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_blake2_params params,
+  uint8_t *key
+);
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus)
+}
+#endif
+
+#define __Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_H_DEFINED
+#endif
diff --git a/Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_universal2.c b/Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_universal2.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..116499fedb3bd0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_universal2.c
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+// This file isn't part of a standard HACL source tree.
+//
+// It is required for compatibility with universal2 macOS builds. The code in
+// Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256.c *will* compile on macOS x86_64, but *won't*
+// compile on ARM64. However, because universal2 builds are compiled in a
+// single pass, autoconf detects that the required compiler features *are*
+// available, and tries to compile this file, which then fails because of the
+// lack of support on ARM64.
+//
+// To compensate for this, autoconf will include *this* file instead of
+// Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256.c when compiling for universal. This allows the
+// underlying source code of HACL to remain unmodified.
+#if !(defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__arm64__))
+#include "Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256.c"
+#endif
diff --git a/Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_Blake2s.c b/Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_Blake2s.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..e5e0ecd0bfde7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_Blake2s.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1513 @@
+/* MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 INRIA, CMU and Microsoft Corporation
+ * Copyright (c) 2022-2023 HACL* Contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+
+#include "internal/Hacl_Hash_Blake2s.h"
+
+#include "internal/Hacl_Impl_Blake2_Constants.h"
+#include "internal/Hacl_Hash_Blake2b.h"
+#include "lib_memzero0.h"
+
+static inline void
+update_block(
+  uint32_t *wv,
+  uint32_t *hash,
+  bool flag,
+  bool last_node,
+  uint64_t totlen,
+  uint8_t *d
+)
+{
+  uint32_t m_w[16U] = { 0U };
+  KRML_MAYBE_FOR16(i,
+    0U,
+    16U,
+    1U,
+    uint32_t *os = m_w;
+    uint8_t *bj = d + i * 4U;
+    uint32_t u = load32_le(bj);
+    uint32_t r = u;
+    uint32_t x = r;
+    os[i] = x;);
+  uint32_t mask[4U] = { 0U };
+  uint32_t wv_14;
+  if (flag)
+  {
+    wv_14 = 0xFFFFFFFFU;
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    wv_14 = 0U;
+  }
+  uint32_t wv_15;
+  if (last_node)
+  {
+    wv_15 = 0xFFFFFFFFU;
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    wv_15 = 0U;
+  }
+  mask[0U] = (uint32_t)totlen;
+  mask[1U] = (uint32_t)(totlen >> 32U);
+  mask[2U] = wv_14;
+  mask[3U] = wv_15;
+  memcpy(wv, hash, 16U * sizeof (uint32_t));
+  uint32_t *wv3 = wv + 12U;
+  KRML_MAYBE_FOR4(i,
+    0U,
+    4U,
+    1U,
+    uint32_t *os = wv3;
+    uint32_t x = wv3[i] ^ mask[i];
+    os[i] = x;);
+  KRML_MAYBE_FOR10(i0,
+    0U,
+    10U,
+    1U,
+    uint32_t start_idx = i0 % 10U * 16U;
+    uint32_t m_st[16U] = { 0U };
+    uint32_t *r0 = m_st;
+    uint32_t *r1 = m_st + 4U;
+    uint32_t *r20 = m_st + 8U;
+    uint32_t *r30 = m_st + 12U;
+    uint32_t s0 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_sigmaTable[start_idx + 0U];
+    uint32_t s1 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_sigmaTable[start_idx + 1U];
+    uint32_t s2 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_sigmaTable[start_idx + 2U];
+    uint32_t s3 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_sigmaTable[start_idx + 3U];
+    uint32_t s4 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_sigmaTable[start_idx + 4U];
+    uint32_t s5 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_sigmaTable[start_idx + 5U];
+    uint32_t s6 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_sigmaTable[start_idx + 6U];
+    uint32_t s7 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_sigmaTable[start_idx + 7U];
+    uint32_t s8 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_sigmaTable[start_idx + 8U];
+    uint32_t s9 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_sigmaTable[start_idx + 9U];
+    uint32_t s10 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_sigmaTable[start_idx + 10U];
+    uint32_t s11 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_sigmaTable[start_idx + 11U];
+    uint32_t s12 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_sigmaTable[start_idx + 12U];
+    uint32_t s13 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_sigmaTable[start_idx + 13U];
+    uint32_t s14 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_sigmaTable[start_idx + 14U];
+    uint32_t s15 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_sigmaTable[start_idx + 15U];
+    uint32_t uu____0 = m_w[s2];
+    uint32_t uu____1 = m_w[s4];
+    uint32_t uu____2 = m_w[s6];
+    r0[0U] = m_w[s0];
+    r0[1U] = uu____0;
+    r0[2U] = uu____1;
+    r0[3U] = uu____2;
+    uint32_t uu____3 = m_w[s3];
+    uint32_t uu____4 = m_w[s5];
+    uint32_t uu____5 = m_w[s7];
+    r1[0U] = m_w[s1];
+    r1[1U] = uu____3;
+    r1[2U] = uu____4;
+    r1[3U] = uu____5;
+    uint32_t uu____6 = m_w[s10];
+    uint32_t uu____7 = m_w[s12];
+    uint32_t uu____8 = m_w[s14];
+    r20[0U] = m_w[s8];
+    r20[1U] = uu____6;
+    r20[2U] = uu____7;
+    r20[3U] = uu____8;
+    uint32_t uu____9 = m_w[s11];
+    uint32_t uu____10 = m_w[s13];
+    uint32_t uu____11 = m_w[s15];
+    r30[0U] = m_w[s9];
+    r30[1U] = uu____9;
+    r30[2U] = uu____10;
+    r30[3U] = uu____11;
+    uint32_t *x = m_st;
+    uint32_t *y = m_st + 4U;
+    uint32_t *z = m_st + 8U;
+    uint32_t *w = m_st + 12U;
+    uint32_t a = 0U;
+    uint32_t b0 = 1U;
+    uint32_t c0 = 2U;
+    uint32_t d10 = 3U;
+    uint32_t *wv_a0 = wv + a * 4U;
+    uint32_t *wv_b0 = wv + b0 * 4U;
+    KRML_MAYBE_FOR4(i,
+      0U,
+      4U,
+      1U,
+      uint32_t *os = wv_a0;
+      uint32_t x1 = wv_a0[i] + wv_b0[i];
+      os[i] = x1;);
+    KRML_MAYBE_FOR4(i,
+      0U,
+      4U,
+      1U,
+      uint32_t *os = wv_a0;
+      uint32_t x1 = wv_a0[i] + x[i];
+      os[i] = x1;);
+    uint32_t *wv_a1 = wv + d10 * 4U;
+    uint32_t *wv_b1 = wv + a * 4U;
+    KRML_MAYBE_FOR4(i,
+      0U,
+      4U,
+      1U,
+      uint32_t *os = wv_a1;
+      uint32_t x1 = wv_a1[i] ^ wv_b1[i];
+      os[i] = x1;);
+    uint32_t *r10 = wv_a1;
+    KRML_MAYBE_FOR4(i,
+      0U,
+      4U,
+      1U,
+      uint32_t *os = r10;
+      uint32_t x1 = r10[i];
+      uint32_t x10 = x1 >> 16U | x1 << 16U;
+      os[i] = x10;);
+    uint32_t *wv_a2 = wv + c0 * 4U;
+    uint32_t *wv_b2 = wv + d10 * 4U;
+    KRML_MAYBE_FOR4(i,
+      0U,
+      4U,
+      1U,
+      uint32_t *os = wv_a2;
+      uint32_t x1 = wv_a2[i] + wv_b2[i];
+      os[i] = x1;);
+    uint32_t *wv_a3 = wv + b0 * 4U;
+    uint32_t *wv_b3 = wv + c0 * 4U;
+    KRML_MAYBE_FOR4(i,
+      0U,
+      4U,
+      1U,
+      uint32_t *os = wv_a3;
+      uint32_t x1 = wv_a3[i] ^ wv_b3[i];
+      os[i] = x1;);
+    uint32_t *r12 = wv_a3;
+    KRML_MAYBE_FOR4(i,
+      0U,
+      4U,
+      1U,
+      uint32_t *os = r12;
+      uint32_t x1 = r12[i];
+      uint32_t x10 = x1 >> 12U | x1 << 20U;
+      os[i] = x10;);
+    uint32_t *wv_a4 = wv + a * 4U;
+    uint32_t *wv_b4 = wv + b0 * 4U;
+    KRML_MAYBE_FOR4(i,
+      0U,
+      4U,
+      1U,
+      uint32_t *os = wv_a4;
+      uint32_t x1 = wv_a4[i] + wv_b4[i];
+      os[i] = x1;);
+    KRML_MAYBE_FOR4(i,
+      0U,
+      4U,
+      1U,
+      uint32_t *os = wv_a4;
+      uint32_t x1 = wv_a4[i] + y[i];
+      os[i] = x1;);
+    uint32_t *wv_a5 = wv + d10 * 4U;
+    uint32_t *wv_b5 = wv + a * 4U;
+    KRML_MAYBE_FOR4(i,
+      0U,
+      4U,
+      1U,
+      uint32_t *os = wv_a5;
+      uint32_t x1 = wv_a5[i] ^ wv_b5[i];
+      os[i] = x1;);
+    uint32_t *r13 = wv_a5;
+    KRML_MAYBE_FOR4(i,
+      0U,
+      4U,
+      1U,
+      uint32_t *os = r13;
+      uint32_t x1 = r13[i];
+      uint32_t x10 = x1 >> 8U | x1 << 24U;
+      os[i] = x10;);
+    uint32_t *wv_a6 = wv + c0 * 4U;
+    uint32_t *wv_b6 = wv + d10 * 4U;
+    KRML_MAYBE_FOR4(i,
+      0U,
+      4U,
+      1U,
+      uint32_t *os = wv_a6;
+      uint32_t x1 = wv_a6[i] + wv_b6[i];
+      os[i] = x1;);
+    uint32_t *wv_a7 = wv + b0 * 4U;
+    uint32_t *wv_b7 = wv + c0 * 4U;
+    KRML_MAYBE_FOR4(i,
+      0U,
+      4U,
+      1U,
+      uint32_t *os = wv_a7;
+      uint32_t x1 = wv_a7[i] ^ wv_b7[i];
+      os[i] = x1;);
+    uint32_t *r14 = wv_a7;
+    KRML_MAYBE_FOR4(i,
+      0U,
+      4U,
+      1U,
+      uint32_t *os = r14;
+      uint32_t x1 = r14[i];
+      uint32_t x10 = x1 >> 7U | x1 << 25U;
+      os[i] = x10;);
+    uint32_t *r15 = wv + 4U;
+    uint32_t *r21 = wv + 8U;
+    uint32_t *r31 = wv + 12U;
+    uint32_t *r110 = r15;
+    uint32_t x00 = r110[1U];
+    uint32_t x10 = r110[2U];
+    uint32_t x20 = r110[3U];
+    uint32_t x30 = r110[0U];
+    r110[0U] = x00;
+    r110[1U] = x10;
+    r110[2U] = x20;
+    r110[3U] = x30;
+    uint32_t *r111 = r21;
+    uint32_t x01 = r111[2U];
+    uint32_t x11 = r111[3U];
+    uint32_t x21 = r111[0U];
+    uint32_t x31 = r111[1U];
+    r111[0U] = x01;
+    r111[1U] = x11;
+    r111[2U] = x21;
+    r111[3U] = x31;
+    uint32_t *r112 = r31;
+    uint32_t x02 = r112[3U];
+    uint32_t x12 = r112[0U];
+    uint32_t x22 = r112[1U];
+    uint32_t x32 = r112[2U];
+    r112[0U] = x02;
+    r112[1U] = x12;
+    r112[2U] = x22;
+    r112[3U] = x32;
+    uint32_t a0 = 0U;
+    uint32_t b = 1U;
+    uint32_t c = 2U;
+    uint32_t d1 = 3U;
+    uint32_t *wv_a = wv + a0 * 4U;
+    uint32_t *wv_b8 = wv + b * 4U;
+    KRML_MAYBE_FOR4(i,
+      0U,
+      4U,
+      1U,
+      uint32_t *os = wv_a;
+      uint32_t x1 = wv_a[i] + wv_b8[i];
+      os[i] = x1;);
+    KRML_MAYBE_FOR4(i,
+      0U,
+      4U,
+      1U,
+      uint32_t *os = wv_a;
+      uint32_t x1 = wv_a[i] + z[i];
+      os[i] = x1;);
+    uint32_t *wv_a8 = wv + d1 * 4U;
+    uint32_t *wv_b9 = wv + a0 * 4U;
+    KRML_MAYBE_FOR4(i,
+      0U,
+      4U,
+      1U,
+      uint32_t *os = wv_a8;
+      uint32_t x1 = wv_a8[i] ^ wv_b9[i];
+      os[i] = x1;);
+    uint32_t *r16 = wv_a8;
+    KRML_MAYBE_FOR4(i,
+      0U,
+      4U,
+      1U,
+      uint32_t *os = r16;
+      uint32_t x1 = r16[i];
+      uint32_t x13 = x1 >> 16U | x1 << 16U;
+      os[i] = x13;);
+    uint32_t *wv_a9 = wv + c * 4U;
+    uint32_t *wv_b10 = wv + d1 * 4U;
+    KRML_MAYBE_FOR4(i,
+      0U,
+      4U,
+      1U,
+      uint32_t *os = wv_a9;
+      uint32_t x1 = wv_a9[i] + wv_b10[i];
+      os[i] = x1;);
+    uint32_t *wv_a10 = wv + b * 4U;
+    uint32_t *wv_b11 = wv + c * 4U;
+    KRML_MAYBE_FOR4(i,
+      0U,
+      4U,
+      1U,
+      uint32_t *os = wv_a10;
+      uint32_t x1 = wv_a10[i] ^ wv_b11[i];
+      os[i] = x1;);
+    uint32_t *r17 = wv_a10;
+    KRML_MAYBE_FOR4(i,
+      0U,
+      4U,
+      1U,
+      uint32_t *os = r17;
+      uint32_t x1 = r17[i];
+      uint32_t x13 = x1 >> 12U | x1 << 20U;
+      os[i] = x13;);
+    uint32_t *wv_a11 = wv + a0 * 4U;
+    uint32_t *wv_b12 = wv + b * 4U;
+    KRML_MAYBE_FOR4(i,
+      0U,
+      4U,
+      1U,
+      uint32_t *os = wv_a11;
+      uint32_t x1 = wv_a11[i] + wv_b12[i];
+      os[i] = x1;);
+    KRML_MAYBE_FOR4(i,
+      0U,
+      4U,
+      1U,
+      uint32_t *os = wv_a11;
+      uint32_t x1 = wv_a11[i] + w[i];
+      os[i] = x1;);
+    uint32_t *wv_a12 = wv + d1 * 4U;
+    uint32_t *wv_b13 = wv + a0 * 4U;
+    KRML_MAYBE_FOR4(i,
+      0U,
+      4U,
+      1U,
+      uint32_t *os = wv_a12;
+      uint32_t x1 = wv_a12[i] ^ wv_b13[i];
+      os[i] = x1;);
+    uint32_t *r18 = wv_a12;
+    KRML_MAYBE_FOR4(i,
+      0U,
+      4U,
+      1U,
+      uint32_t *os = r18;
+      uint32_t x1 = r18[i];
+      uint32_t x13 = x1 >> 8U | x1 << 24U;
+      os[i] = x13;);
+    uint32_t *wv_a13 = wv + c * 4U;
+    uint32_t *wv_b14 = wv + d1 * 4U;
+    KRML_MAYBE_FOR4(i,
+      0U,
+      4U,
+      1U,
+      uint32_t *os = wv_a13;
+      uint32_t x1 = wv_a13[i] + wv_b14[i];
+      os[i] = x1;);
+    uint32_t *wv_a14 = wv + b * 4U;
+    uint32_t *wv_b = wv + c * 4U;
+    KRML_MAYBE_FOR4(i,
+      0U,
+      4U,
+      1U,
+      uint32_t *os = wv_a14;
+      uint32_t x1 = wv_a14[i] ^ wv_b[i];
+      os[i] = x1;);
+    uint32_t *r19 = wv_a14;
+    KRML_MAYBE_FOR4(i,
+      0U,
+      4U,
+      1U,
+      uint32_t *os = r19;
+      uint32_t x1 = r19[i];
+      uint32_t x13 = x1 >> 7U | x1 << 25U;
+      os[i] = x13;);
+    uint32_t *r113 = wv + 4U;
+    uint32_t *r2 = wv + 8U;
+    uint32_t *r3 = wv + 12U;
+    uint32_t *r11 = r113;
+    uint32_t x03 = r11[3U];
+    uint32_t x13 = r11[0U];
+    uint32_t x23 = r11[1U];
+    uint32_t x33 = r11[2U];
+    r11[0U] = x03;
+    r11[1U] = x13;
+    r11[2U] = x23;
+    r11[3U] = x33;
+    uint32_t *r114 = r2;
+    uint32_t x04 = r114[2U];
+    uint32_t x14 = r114[3U];
+    uint32_t x24 = r114[0U];
+    uint32_t x34 = r114[1U];
+    r114[0U] = x04;
+    r114[1U] = x14;
+    r114[2U] = x24;
+    r114[3U] = x34;
+    uint32_t *r115 = r3;
+    uint32_t x0 = r115[1U];
+    uint32_t x1 = r115[2U];
+    uint32_t x2 = r115[3U];
+    uint32_t x3 = r115[0U];
+    r115[0U] = x0;
+    r115[1U] = x1;
+    r115[2U] = x2;
+    r115[3U] = x3;);
+  uint32_t *s0 = hash;
+  uint32_t *s1 = hash + 4U;
+  uint32_t *r0 = wv;
+  uint32_t *r1 = wv + 4U;
+  uint32_t *r2 = wv + 8U;
+  uint32_t *r3 = wv + 12U;
+  KRML_MAYBE_FOR4(i,
+    0U,
+    4U,
+    1U,
+    uint32_t *os = s0;
+    uint32_t x = s0[i] ^ r0[i];
+    os[i] = x;);
+  KRML_MAYBE_FOR4(i,
+    0U,
+    4U,
+    1U,
+    uint32_t *os = s0;
+    uint32_t x = s0[i] ^ r2[i];
+    os[i] = x;);
+  KRML_MAYBE_FOR4(i,
+    0U,
+    4U,
+    1U,
+    uint32_t *os = s1;
+    uint32_t x = s1[i] ^ r1[i];
+    os[i] = x;);
+  KRML_MAYBE_FOR4(i,
+    0U,
+    4U,
+    1U,
+    uint32_t *os = s1;
+    uint32_t x = s1[i] ^ r3[i];
+    os[i] = x;);
+}
+
+void Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_init(uint32_t *hash, uint32_t kk, uint32_t nn)
+{
+  uint8_t salt[8U] = { 0U };
+  uint8_t personal[8U] = { 0U };
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_blake2_params
+  p =
+    {
+      .digest_length = 32U, .key_length = 0U, .fanout = 1U, .depth = 1U, .leaf_length = 0U,
+      .node_offset = 0ULL, .node_depth = 0U, .inner_length = 0U, .salt = salt, .personal = personal
+    };
+  uint32_t tmp[8U] = { 0U };
+  uint32_t *r0 = hash;
+  uint32_t *r1 = hash + 4U;
+  uint32_t *r2 = hash + 8U;
+  uint32_t *r3 = hash + 12U;
+  uint32_t iv0 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_S[0U];
+  uint32_t iv1 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_S[1U];
+  uint32_t iv2 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_S[2U];
+  uint32_t iv3 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_S[3U];
+  uint32_t iv4 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_S[4U];
+  uint32_t iv5 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_S[5U];
+  uint32_t iv6 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_S[6U];
+  uint32_t iv7 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_S[7U];
+  r2[0U] = iv0;
+  r2[1U] = iv1;
+  r2[2U] = iv2;
+  r2[3U] = iv3;
+  r3[0U] = iv4;
+  r3[1U] = iv5;
+  r3[2U] = iv6;
+  r3[3U] = iv7;
+  KRML_MAYBE_FOR2(i,
+    0U,
+    2U,
+    1U,
+    uint32_t *os = tmp + 4U;
+    uint8_t *bj = p.salt + i * 4U;
+    uint32_t u = load32_le(bj);
+    uint32_t r = u;
+    uint32_t x = r;
+    os[i] = x;);
+  KRML_MAYBE_FOR2(i,
+    0U,
+    2U,
+    1U,
+    uint32_t *os = tmp + 6U;
+    uint8_t *bj = p.personal + i * 4U;
+    uint32_t u = load32_le(bj);
+    uint32_t r = u;
+    uint32_t x = r;
+    os[i] = x;);
+  tmp[0U] =
+    (uint32_t)(uint8_t)nn
+    ^ ((uint32_t)(uint8_t)kk << 8U ^ ((uint32_t)p.fanout << 16U ^ (uint32_t)p.depth << 24U));
+  tmp[1U] = p.leaf_length;
+  tmp[2U] = (uint32_t)p.node_offset;
+  tmp[3U] =
+    (uint32_t)(p.node_offset >> 32U)
+    ^ ((uint32_t)p.node_depth << 16U ^ (uint32_t)p.inner_length << 24U);
+  uint32_t tmp0 = tmp[0U];
+  uint32_t tmp1 = tmp[1U];
+  uint32_t tmp2 = tmp[2U];
+  uint32_t tmp3 = tmp[3U];
+  uint32_t tmp4 = tmp[4U];
+  uint32_t tmp5 = tmp[5U];
+  uint32_t tmp6 = tmp[6U];
+  uint32_t tmp7 = tmp[7U];
+  uint32_t iv0_ = iv0 ^ tmp0;
+  uint32_t iv1_ = iv1 ^ tmp1;
+  uint32_t iv2_ = iv2 ^ tmp2;
+  uint32_t iv3_ = iv3 ^ tmp3;
+  uint32_t iv4_ = iv4 ^ tmp4;
+  uint32_t iv5_ = iv5 ^ tmp5;
+  uint32_t iv6_ = iv6 ^ tmp6;
+  uint32_t iv7_ = iv7 ^ tmp7;
+  r0[0U] = iv0_;
+  r0[1U] = iv1_;
+  r0[2U] = iv2_;
+  r0[3U] = iv3_;
+  r1[0U] = iv4_;
+  r1[1U] = iv5_;
+  r1[2U] = iv6_;
+  r1[3U] = iv7_;
+}
+
+static void update_key(uint32_t *wv, uint32_t *hash, uint32_t kk, uint8_t *k, uint32_t ll)
+{
+  uint64_t lb = (uint64_t)64U;
+  uint8_t b[64U] = { 0U };
+  memcpy(b, k, kk * sizeof (uint8_t));
+  if (ll == 0U)
+  {
+    update_block(wv, hash, true, false, lb, b);
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    update_block(wv, hash, false, false, lb, b);
+  }
+  Lib_Memzero0_memzero(b, 64U, uint8_t, void *);
+}
+
+void
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_update_multi(
+  uint32_t len,
+  uint32_t *wv,
+  uint32_t *hash,
+  uint64_t prev,
+  uint8_t *blocks,
+  uint32_t nb
+)
+{
+  KRML_MAYBE_UNUSED_VAR(len);
+  for (uint32_t i = 0U; i < nb; i++)
+  {
+    uint64_t totlen = prev + (uint64_t)((i + 1U) * 64U);
+    uint8_t *b = blocks + i * 64U;
+    update_block(wv, hash, false, false, totlen, b);
+  }
+}
+
+void
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_update_last(
+  uint32_t len,
+  uint32_t *wv,
+  uint32_t *hash,
+  bool last_node,
+  uint64_t prev,
+  uint32_t rem,
+  uint8_t *d
+)
+{
+  uint8_t b[64U] = { 0U };
+  uint8_t *last = d + len - rem;
+  memcpy(b, last, rem * sizeof (uint8_t));
+  uint64_t totlen = prev + (uint64_t)len;
+  update_block(wv, hash, true, last_node, totlen, b);
+  Lib_Memzero0_memzero(b, 64U, uint8_t, void *);
+}
+
+static void
+update_blocks(uint32_t len, uint32_t *wv, uint32_t *hash, uint64_t prev, uint8_t *blocks)
+{
+  uint32_t nb0 = len / 64U;
+  uint32_t rem0 = len % 64U;
+  uint32_t nb;
+  if (rem0 == 0U && nb0 > 0U)
+  {
+    nb = nb0 - 1U;
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    nb = nb0;
+  }
+  uint32_t rem;
+  if (rem0 == 0U && nb0 > 0U)
+  {
+    rem = 64U;
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    rem = rem0;
+  }
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_update_multi(len, wv, hash, prev, blocks, nb);
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_update_last(len, wv, hash, false, prev, rem, blocks);
+}
+
+static inline void
+update(uint32_t *wv, uint32_t *hash, uint32_t kk, uint8_t *k, uint32_t ll, uint8_t *d)
+{
+  uint64_t lb = (uint64_t)64U;
+  if (kk > 0U)
+  {
+    update_key(wv, hash, kk, k, ll);
+    if (!(ll == 0U))
+    {
+      update_blocks(ll, wv, hash, lb, d);
+      return;
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+  update_blocks(ll, wv, hash, (uint64_t)0U, d);
+}
+
+void Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_finish(uint32_t nn, uint8_t *output, uint32_t *hash)
+{
+  uint8_t b[32U] = { 0U };
+  uint8_t *first = b;
+  uint8_t *second = b + 16U;
+  uint32_t *row0 = hash;
+  uint32_t *row1 = hash + 4U;
+  KRML_MAYBE_FOR4(i, 0U, 4U, 1U, store32_le(first + i * 4U, row0[i]););
+  KRML_MAYBE_FOR4(i, 0U, 4U, 1U, store32_le(second + i * 4U, row1[i]););
+  uint8_t *final = b;
+  memcpy(output, final, nn * sizeof (uint8_t));
+  Lib_Memzero0_memzero(b, 32U, uint8_t, void *);
+}
+
+static Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_state_t
+*malloc_raw(Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_index kk, Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_params_and_key key)
+{
+  uint8_t *buf = (uint8_t *)KRML_HOST_CALLOC(64U, sizeof (uint8_t));
+  uint32_t *wv = (uint32_t *)KRML_HOST_CALLOC(16U, sizeof (uint32_t));
+  uint32_t *b = (uint32_t *)KRML_HOST_CALLOC(16U, sizeof (uint32_t));
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_block_state_t
+  block_state =
+    {
+      .fst = kk.key_length,
+      .snd = kk.digest_length,
+      .thd = kk.last_node,
+      .f3 = { .fst = wv, .snd = b }
+    };
+  uint8_t kk10 = kk.key_length;
+  uint32_t ite;
+  if (kk10 != 0U)
+  {
+    ite = 64U;
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    ite = 0U;
+  }
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_state_t
+  s = { .block_state = block_state, .buf = buf, .total_len = (uint64_t)ite };
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_state_t
+  *p = (Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_state_t *)KRML_HOST_MALLOC(sizeof (Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_state_t));
+  p[0U] = s;
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_blake2_params *p1 = key.fst;
+  uint8_t kk1 = p1->key_length;
+  uint8_t nn = p1->digest_length;
+  bool last_node = block_state.thd;
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_index i = { .key_length = kk1, .digest_length = nn, .last_node = last_node };
+  uint32_t *h = block_state.f3.snd;
+  uint32_t kk2 = (uint32_t)i.key_length;
+  uint8_t *k_1 = key.snd;
+  if (!(kk2 == 0U))
+  {
+    uint8_t *sub_b = buf + kk2;
+    memset(sub_b, 0U, (64U - kk2) * sizeof (uint8_t));
+    memcpy(buf, k_1, kk2 * sizeof (uint8_t));
+  }
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_blake2_params pv = p1[0U];
+  uint32_t tmp[8U] = { 0U };
+  uint32_t *r0 = h;
+  uint32_t *r1 = h + 4U;
+  uint32_t *r2 = h + 8U;
+  uint32_t *r3 = h + 12U;
+  uint32_t iv0 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_S[0U];
+  uint32_t iv1 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_S[1U];
+  uint32_t iv2 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_S[2U];
+  uint32_t iv3 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_S[3U];
+  uint32_t iv4 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_S[4U];
+  uint32_t iv5 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_S[5U];
+  uint32_t iv6 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_S[6U];
+  uint32_t iv7 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_S[7U];
+  r2[0U] = iv0;
+  r2[1U] = iv1;
+  r2[2U] = iv2;
+  r2[3U] = iv3;
+  r3[0U] = iv4;
+  r3[1U] = iv5;
+  r3[2U] = iv6;
+  r3[3U] = iv7;
+  KRML_MAYBE_FOR2(i0,
+    0U,
+    2U,
+    1U,
+    uint32_t *os = tmp + 4U;
+    uint8_t *bj = pv.salt + i0 * 4U;
+    uint32_t u = load32_le(bj);
+    uint32_t r4 = u;
+    uint32_t x = r4;
+    os[i0] = x;);
+  KRML_MAYBE_FOR2(i0,
+    0U,
+    2U,
+    1U,
+    uint32_t *os = tmp + 6U;
+    uint8_t *bj = pv.personal + i0 * 4U;
+    uint32_t u = load32_le(bj);
+    uint32_t r4 = u;
+    uint32_t x = r4;
+    os[i0] = x;);
+  tmp[0U] =
+    (uint32_t)pv.digest_length
+    ^ ((uint32_t)pv.key_length << 8U ^ ((uint32_t)pv.fanout << 16U ^ (uint32_t)pv.depth << 24U));
+  tmp[1U] = pv.leaf_length;
+  tmp[2U] = (uint32_t)pv.node_offset;
+  tmp[3U] =
+    (uint32_t)(pv.node_offset >> 32U)
+    ^ ((uint32_t)pv.node_depth << 16U ^ (uint32_t)pv.inner_length << 24U);
+  uint32_t tmp0 = tmp[0U];
+  uint32_t tmp1 = tmp[1U];
+  uint32_t tmp2 = tmp[2U];
+  uint32_t tmp3 = tmp[3U];
+  uint32_t tmp4 = tmp[4U];
+  uint32_t tmp5 = tmp[5U];
+  uint32_t tmp6 = tmp[6U];
+  uint32_t tmp7 = tmp[7U];
+  uint32_t iv0_ = iv0 ^ tmp0;
+  uint32_t iv1_ = iv1 ^ tmp1;
+  uint32_t iv2_ = iv2 ^ tmp2;
+  uint32_t iv3_ = iv3 ^ tmp3;
+  uint32_t iv4_ = iv4 ^ tmp4;
+  uint32_t iv5_ = iv5 ^ tmp5;
+  uint32_t iv6_ = iv6 ^ tmp6;
+  uint32_t iv7_ = iv7 ^ tmp7;
+  r0[0U] = iv0_;
+  r0[1U] = iv1_;
+  r0[2U] = iv2_;
+  r0[3U] = iv3_;
+  r1[0U] = iv4_;
+  r1[1U] = iv5_;
+  r1[2U] = iv6_;
+  r1[3U] = iv7_;
+  return p;
+}
+
+/**
+ General-purpose allocation function that gives control over all
+Blake2 parameters, including the key. Further resettings of the state SHALL be
+done with `reset_with_params_and_key`, and SHALL feature the exact same values
+for the `key_length` and `digest_length` fields as passed here. In other words,
+once you commit to a digest and key length, the only way to change these
+parameters is to allocate a new object.
+
+The caller must satisfy the following requirements.
+- The length of the key k MUST match the value of the field key_length in the
+  parameters.
+- The key_length must not exceed 32 for S, 64 for B.
+- The digest_length must not exceed 32 for S, 64 for B.
+
+*/
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_state_t
+*Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_malloc_with_params_and_key(
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_blake2_params *p,
+  bool last_node,
+  uint8_t *k
+)
+{
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_blake2_params pv = p[0U];
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_index
+  i1 = { .key_length = pv.key_length, .digest_length = pv.digest_length, .last_node = last_node };
+  return malloc_raw(i1, ((Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_params_and_key){ .fst = p, .snd = k }));
+}
+
+/**
+ Specialized allocation function that picks default values for all
+parameters, except for the key_length. Further resettings of the state SHALL be
+done with `reset_with_key`, and SHALL feature the exact same key length `kk` as
+passed here. In other words, once you commit to a key length, the only way to
+change this parameter is to allocate a new object.
+
+The caller must satisfy the following requirements.
+- The key_length must not exceed 32 for S, 64 for B.
+
+*/
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_state_t *Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_malloc_with_key(uint8_t *k, uint8_t kk)
+{
+  uint8_t nn = 32U;
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_index i = { .key_length = kk, .digest_length = nn, .last_node = false };
+  uint8_t salt[8U] = { 0U };
+  uint8_t personal[8U] = { 0U };
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_blake2_params
+  p =
+    {
+      .digest_length = i.digest_length, .key_length = i.key_length, .fanout = 1U, .depth = 1U,
+      .leaf_length = 0U, .node_offset = 0ULL, .node_depth = 0U, .inner_length = 0U, .salt = salt,
+      .personal = personal
+    };
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_blake2_params p0 = p;
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_state_t *s = Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_malloc_with_params_and_key(&p0, false, k);
+  return s;
+}
+
+/**
+ Specialized allocation function that picks default values for all
+parameters, and has no key. Effectively, this is what you want if you intend to
+use Blake2 as a hash function. Further resettings of the state SHALL be done with `reset`.
+*/
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_state_t *Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_malloc(void)
+{
+  return Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_malloc_with_key(NULL, 0U);
+}
+
+static Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_index index_of_state(Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_state_t *s)
+{
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_block_state_t block_state = (*s).block_state;
+  bool last_node = block_state.thd;
+  uint8_t nn = block_state.snd;
+  uint8_t kk1 = block_state.fst;
+  return
+    ((Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_index){ .key_length = kk1, .digest_length = nn, .last_node = last_node });
+}
+
+static void reset_raw(Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_state_t *state, Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_params_and_key key)
+{
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_state_t scrut = *state;
+  uint8_t *buf = scrut.buf;
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_block_state_t block_state = scrut.block_state;
+  bool last_node0 = block_state.thd;
+  uint8_t nn0 = block_state.snd;
+  uint8_t kk10 = block_state.fst;
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_index
+  i = { .key_length = kk10, .digest_length = nn0, .last_node = last_node0 };
+  KRML_MAYBE_UNUSED_VAR(i);
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_blake2_params *p = key.fst;
+  uint8_t kk1 = p->key_length;
+  uint8_t nn = p->digest_length;
+  bool last_node = block_state.thd;
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_index
+  i1 = { .key_length = kk1, .digest_length = nn, .last_node = last_node };
+  uint32_t *h = block_state.f3.snd;
+  uint32_t kk2 = (uint32_t)i1.key_length;
+  uint8_t *k_1 = key.snd;
+  if (!(kk2 == 0U))
+  {
+    uint8_t *sub_b = buf + kk2;
+    memset(sub_b, 0U, (64U - kk2) * sizeof (uint8_t));
+    memcpy(buf, k_1, kk2 * sizeof (uint8_t));
+  }
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_blake2_params pv = p[0U];
+  uint32_t tmp[8U] = { 0U };
+  uint32_t *r0 = h;
+  uint32_t *r1 = h + 4U;
+  uint32_t *r2 = h + 8U;
+  uint32_t *r3 = h + 12U;
+  uint32_t iv0 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_S[0U];
+  uint32_t iv1 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_S[1U];
+  uint32_t iv2 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_S[2U];
+  uint32_t iv3 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_S[3U];
+  uint32_t iv4 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_S[4U];
+  uint32_t iv5 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_S[5U];
+  uint32_t iv6 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_S[6U];
+  uint32_t iv7 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_S[7U];
+  r2[0U] = iv0;
+  r2[1U] = iv1;
+  r2[2U] = iv2;
+  r2[3U] = iv3;
+  r3[0U] = iv4;
+  r3[1U] = iv5;
+  r3[2U] = iv6;
+  r3[3U] = iv7;
+  KRML_MAYBE_FOR2(i0,
+    0U,
+    2U,
+    1U,
+    uint32_t *os = tmp + 4U;
+    uint8_t *bj = pv.salt + i0 * 4U;
+    uint32_t u = load32_le(bj);
+    uint32_t r = u;
+    uint32_t x = r;
+    os[i0] = x;);
+  KRML_MAYBE_FOR2(i0,
+    0U,
+    2U,
+    1U,
+    uint32_t *os = tmp + 6U;
+    uint8_t *bj = pv.personal + i0 * 4U;
+    uint32_t u = load32_le(bj);
+    uint32_t r = u;
+    uint32_t x = r;
+    os[i0] = x;);
+  tmp[0U] =
+    (uint32_t)pv.digest_length
+    ^ ((uint32_t)pv.key_length << 8U ^ ((uint32_t)pv.fanout << 16U ^ (uint32_t)pv.depth << 24U));
+  tmp[1U] = pv.leaf_length;
+  tmp[2U] = (uint32_t)pv.node_offset;
+  tmp[3U] =
+    (uint32_t)(pv.node_offset >> 32U)
+    ^ ((uint32_t)pv.node_depth << 16U ^ (uint32_t)pv.inner_length << 24U);
+  uint32_t tmp0 = tmp[0U];
+  uint32_t tmp1 = tmp[1U];
+  uint32_t tmp2 = tmp[2U];
+  uint32_t tmp3 = tmp[3U];
+  uint32_t tmp4 = tmp[4U];
+  uint32_t tmp5 = tmp[5U];
+  uint32_t tmp6 = tmp[6U];
+  uint32_t tmp7 = tmp[7U];
+  uint32_t iv0_ = iv0 ^ tmp0;
+  uint32_t iv1_ = iv1 ^ tmp1;
+  uint32_t iv2_ = iv2 ^ tmp2;
+  uint32_t iv3_ = iv3 ^ tmp3;
+  uint32_t iv4_ = iv4 ^ tmp4;
+  uint32_t iv5_ = iv5 ^ tmp5;
+  uint32_t iv6_ = iv6 ^ tmp6;
+  uint32_t iv7_ = iv7 ^ tmp7;
+  r0[0U] = iv0_;
+  r0[1U] = iv1_;
+  r0[2U] = iv2_;
+  r0[3U] = iv3_;
+  r1[0U] = iv4_;
+  r1[1U] = iv5_;
+  r1[2U] = iv6_;
+  r1[3U] = iv7_;
+  uint8_t kk11 = i.key_length;
+  uint32_t ite;
+  if (kk11 != 0U)
+  {
+    ite = 64U;
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    ite = 0U;
+  }
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_state_t
+  tmp8 = { .block_state = block_state, .buf = buf, .total_len = (uint64_t)ite };
+  state[0U] = tmp8;
+}
+
+/**
+ General-purpose re-initialization function with parameters and
+key. You cannot change digest_length, key_length, or last_node, meaning those values in
+the parameters object must be the same as originally decided via one of the
+malloc functions. All other values of the parameter can be changed. The behavior
+is unspecified if you violate this precondition.
+*/
+void
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_reset_with_key_and_params(
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_state_t *s,
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_blake2_params *p,
+  uint8_t *k
+)
+{
+  index_of_state(s);
+  reset_raw(s, ((Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_params_and_key){ .fst = p, .snd = k }));
+}
+
+/**
+ Specialized-purpose re-initialization function with no parameters,
+and a key. The key length must be the same as originally decided via your choice
+of malloc function. All other parameters are reset to their default values. The
+original call to malloc MUST have set digest_length to the default value. The
+behavior is unspecified if you violate this precondition.
+*/
+void Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_reset_with_key(Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_state_t *s, uint8_t *k)
+{
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_index idx = index_of_state(s);
+  uint8_t salt[8U] = { 0U };
+  uint8_t personal[8U] = { 0U };
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_blake2_params
+  p =
+    {
+      .digest_length = idx.digest_length, .key_length = idx.key_length, .fanout = 1U, .depth = 1U,
+      .leaf_length = 0U, .node_offset = 0ULL, .node_depth = 0U, .inner_length = 0U, .salt = salt,
+      .personal = personal
+    };
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_blake2_params p0 = p;
+  reset_raw(s, ((Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_params_and_key){ .fst = &p0, .snd = k }));
+}
+
+/**
+ Specialized-purpose re-initialization function with no parameters
+and no key. This is what you want if you intend to use Blake2 as a hash
+function. The key length and digest length must have been set to their
+respective default values via your choice of malloc function (always true if you
+used `malloc`). All other parameters are reset to their default values. The
+behavior is unspecified if you violate this precondition.
+*/
+void Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_reset(Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_state_t *s)
+{
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_reset_with_key(s, NULL);
+}
+
+/**
+  Update function; 0 = success, 1 = max length exceeded
+*/
+Hacl_Streaming_Types_error_code
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_update(Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_state_t *state, uint8_t *chunk, uint32_t chunk_len)
+{
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_state_t s = *state;
+  uint64_t total_len = s.total_len;
+  if ((uint64_t)chunk_len > 0xffffffffffffffffULL - total_len)
+  {
+    return Hacl_Streaming_Types_MaximumLengthExceeded;
+  }
+  uint32_t sz;
+  if (total_len % (uint64_t)64U == 0ULL && total_len > 0ULL)
+  {
+    sz = 64U;
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    sz = (uint32_t)(total_len % (uint64_t)64U);
+  }
+  if (chunk_len <= 64U - sz)
+  {
+    Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_state_t s1 = *state;
+    Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_block_state_t block_state1 = s1.block_state;
+    uint8_t *buf = s1.buf;
+    uint64_t total_len1 = s1.total_len;
+    uint32_t sz1;
+    if (total_len1 % (uint64_t)64U == 0ULL && total_len1 > 0ULL)
+    {
+      sz1 = 64U;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      sz1 = (uint32_t)(total_len1 % (uint64_t)64U);
+    }
+    uint8_t *buf2 = buf + sz1;
+    memcpy(buf2, chunk, chunk_len * sizeof (uint8_t));
+    uint64_t total_len2 = total_len1 + (uint64_t)chunk_len;
+    *state
+    =
+      (
+        (Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_state_t){
+          .block_state = block_state1,
+          .buf = buf,
+          .total_len = total_len2
+        }
+      );
+  }
+  else if (sz == 0U)
+  {
+    Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_state_t s1 = *state;
+    Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_block_state_t block_state1 = s1.block_state;
+    uint8_t *buf = s1.buf;
+    uint64_t total_len1 = s1.total_len;
+    uint32_t sz1;
+    if (total_len1 % (uint64_t)64U == 0ULL && total_len1 > 0ULL)
+    {
+      sz1 = 64U;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      sz1 = (uint32_t)(total_len1 % (uint64_t)64U);
+    }
+    if (!(sz1 == 0U))
+    {
+      uint64_t prevlen = total_len1 - (uint64_t)sz1;
+      K____uint32_t___uint32_t_ acc = block_state1.f3;
+      uint32_t *wv = acc.fst;
+      uint32_t *hash = acc.snd;
+      uint32_t nb = 1U;
+      Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_update_multi(64U, wv, hash, prevlen, buf, nb);
+    }
+    uint32_t ite;
+    if ((uint64_t)chunk_len % (uint64_t)64U == 0ULL && (uint64_t)chunk_len > 0ULL)
+    {
+      ite = 64U;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      ite = (uint32_t)((uint64_t)chunk_len % (uint64_t)64U);
+    }
+    uint32_t n_blocks = (chunk_len - ite) / 64U;
+    uint32_t data1_len = n_blocks * 64U;
+    uint32_t data2_len = chunk_len - data1_len;
+    uint8_t *data1 = chunk;
+    uint8_t *data2 = chunk + data1_len;
+    K____uint32_t___uint32_t_ acc = block_state1.f3;
+    uint32_t *wv = acc.fst;
+    uint32_t *hash = acc.snd;
+    uint32_t nb = data1_len / 64U;
+    Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_update_multi(data1_len, wv, hash, total_len1, data1, nb);
+    uint8_t *dst = buf;
+    memcpy(dst, data2, data2_len * sizeof (uint8_t));
+    *state
+    =
+      (
+        (Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_state_t){
+          .block_state = block_state1,
+          .buf = buf,
+          .total_len = total_len1 + (uint64_t)chunk_len
+        }
+      );
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    uint32_t diff = 64U - sz;
+    uint8_t *chunk1 = chunk;
+    uint8_t *chunk2 = chunk + diff;
+    Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_state_t s1 = *state;
+    Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_block_state_t block_state10 = s1.block_state;
+    uint8_t *buf0 = s1.buf;
+    uint64_t total_len10 = s1.total_len;
+    uint32_t sz10;
+    if (total_len10 % (uint64_t)64U == 0ULL && total_len10 > 0ULL)
+    {
+      sz10 = 64U;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      sz10 = (uint32_t)(total_len10 % (uint64_t)64U);
+    }
+    uint8_t *buf2 = buf0 + sz10;
+    memcpy(buf2, chunk1, diff * sizeof (uint8_t));
+    uint64_t total_len2 = total_len10 + (uint64_t)diff;
+    *state
+    =
+      (
+        (Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_state_t){
+          .block_state = block_state10,
+          .buf = buf0,
+          .total_len = total_len2
+        }
+      );
+    Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_state_t s10 = *state;
+    Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_block_state_t block_state1 = s10.block_state;
+    uint8_t *buf = s10.buf;
+    uint64_t total_len1 = s10.total_len;
+    uint32_t sz1;
+    if (total_len1 % (uint64_t)64U == 0ULL && total_len1 > 0ULL)
+    {
+      sz1 = 64U;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      sz1 = (uint32_t)(total_len1 % (uint64_t)64U);
+    }
+    if (!(sz1 == 0U))
+    {
+      uint64_t prevlen = total_len1 - (uint64_t)sz1;
+      K____uint32_t___uint32_t_ acc = block_state1.f3;
+      uint32_t *wv = acc.fst;
+      uint32_t *hash = acc.snd;
+      uint32_t nb = 1U;
+      Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_update_multi(64U, wv, hash, prevlen, buf, nb);
+    }
+    uint32_t ite;
+    if
+    ((uint64_t)(chunk_len - diff) % (uint64_t)64U == 0ULL && (uint64_t)(chunk_len - diff) > 0ULL)
+    {
+      ite = 64U;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      ite = (uint32_t)((uint64_t)(chunk_len - diff) % (uint64_t)64U);
+    }
+    uint32_t n_blocks = (chunk_len - diff - ite) / 64U;
+    uint32_t data1_len = n_blocks * 64U;
+    uint32_t data2_len = chunk_len - diff - data1_len;
+    uint8_t *data1 = chunk2;
+    uint8_t *data2 = chunk2 + data1_len;
+    K____uint32_t___uint32_t_ acc = block_state1.f3;
+    uint32_t *wv = acc.fst;
+    uint32_t *hash = acc.snd;
+    uint32_t nb = data1_len / 64U;
+    Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_update_multi(data1_len, wv, hash, total_len1, data1, nb);
+    uint8_t *dst = buf;
+    memcpy(dst, data2, data2_len * sizeof (uint8_t));
+    *state
+    =
+      (
+        (Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_state_t){
+          .block_state = block_state1,
+          .buf = buf,
+          .total_len = total_len1 + (uint64_t)(chunk_len - diff)
+        }
+      );
+  }
+  return Hacl_Streaming_Types_Success;
+}
+
+/**
+ Digest function. This function expects the `output` array to hold
+at least `digest_length` bytes, where `digest_length` was determined by your
+choice of `malloc` function. Concretely, if you used `malloc` or
+`malloc_with_key`, then the expected length is 32 for S, or 64 for B (default
+digest length). If you used `malloc_with_params_and_key`, then the expected
+length is whatever you chose for the `digest_length` field of your parameters.
+For convenience, this function returns `digest_length`. When in doubt, callers
+can pass an array of size HACL_BLAKE2S_32_OUT_BYTES, then use the return value
+to see how many bytes were actually written.
+*/
+uint8_t Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_digest(Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_state_t *s, uint8_t *dst)
+{
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_block_state_t block_state0 = (*s).block_state;
+  bool last_node0 = block_state0.thd;
+  uint8_t nn0 = block_state0.snd;
+  uint8_t kk0 = block_state0.fst;
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_index
+  i1 = { .key_length = kk0, .digest_length = nn0, .last_node = last_node0 };
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_state_t scrut = *s;
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_block_state_t block_state = scrut.block_state;
+  uint8_t *buf_ = scrut.buf;
+  uint64_t total_len = scrut.total_len;
+  uint32_t r;
+  if (total_len % (uint64_t)64U == 0ULL && total_len > 0ULL)
+  {
+    r = 64U;
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    r = (uint32_t)(total_len % (uint64_t)64U);
+  }
+  uint8_t *buf_1 = buf_;
+  uint32_t wv0[16U] = { 0U };
+  uint32_t b[16U] = { 0U };
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_block_state_t
+  tmp_block_state =
+    {
+      .fst = i1.key_length,
+      .snd = i1.digest_length,
+      .thd = i1.last_node,
+      .f3 = { .fst = wv0, .snd = b }
+    };
+  uint32_t *src_b = block_state.f3.snd;
+  uint32_t *dst_b = tmp_block_state.f3.snd;
+  memcpy(dst_b, src_b, 16U * sizeof (uint32_t));
+  uint64_t prev_len = total_len - (uint64_t)r;
+  uint32_t ite;
+  if (r % 64U == 0U && r > 0U)
+  {
+    ite = 64U;
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    ite = r % 64U;
+  }
+  uint8_t *buf_last = buf_1 + r - ite;
+  uint8_t *buf_multi = buf_1;
+  K____uint32_t___uint32_t_ acc0 = tmp_block_state.f3;
+  uint32_t *wv1 = acc0.fst;
+  uint32_t *hash0 = acc0.snd;
+  uint32_t nb = 0U;
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_update_multi(0U, wv1, hash0, prev_len, buf_multi, nb);
+  uint64_t prev_len_last = total_len - (uint64_t)r;
+  K____uint32_t___uint32_t_ acc = tmp_block_state.f3;
+  bool last_node1 = tmp_block_state.thd;
+  uint32_t *wv = acc.fst;
+  uint32_t *hash = acc.snd;
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_update_last(r, wv, hash, last_node1, prev_len_last, r, buf_last);
+  uint8_t nn1 = tmp_block_state.snd;
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_finish((uint32_t)nn1, dst, tmp_block_state.f3.snd);
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_block_state_t block_state1 = (*s).block_state;
+  bool last_node = block_state1.thd;
+  uint8_t nn = block_state1.snd;
+  uint8_t kk = block_state1.fst;
+  return
+    ((Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_index){ .key_length = kk, .digest_length = nn, .last_node = last_node }).digest_length;
+}
+
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_index Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_info(Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_state_t *s)
+{
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_block_state_t block_state = (*s).block_state;
+  bool last_node = block_state.thd;
+  uint8_t nn = block_state.snd;
+  uint8_t kk = block_state.fst;
+  return
+    ((Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_index){ .key_length = kk, .digest_length = nn, .last_node = last_node });
+}
+
+/**
+  Free state function when there is no key
+*/
+void Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_free(Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_state_t *state)
+{
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_state_t scrut = *state;
+  uint8_t *buf = scrut.buf;
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_block_state_t block_state = scrut.block_state;
+  uint32_t *b = block_state.f3.snd;
+  uint32_t *wv = block_state.f3.fst;
+  KRML_HOST_FREE(wv);
+  KRML_HOST_FREE(b);
+  KRML_HOST_FREE(buf);
+  KRML_HOST_FREE(state);
+}
+
+/**
+  Copying. This preserves all parameters.
+*/
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_state_t *Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_copy(Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_state_t *state)
+{
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_state_t scrut = *state;
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_block_state_t block_state0 = scrut.block_state;
+  uint8_t *buf0 = scrut.buf;
+  uint64_t total_len0 = scrut.total_len;
+  bool last_node = block_state0.thd;
+  uint8_t nn = block_state0.snd;
+  uint8_t kk1 = block_state0.fst;
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_index i = { .key_length = kk1, .digest_length = nn, .last_node = last_node };
+  uint8_t *buf = (uint8_t *)KRML_HOST_CALLOC(64U, sizeof (uint8_t));
+  memcpy(buf, buf0, 64U * sizeof (uint8_t));
+  uint32_t *wv = (uint32_t *)KRML_HOST_CALLOC(16U, sizeof (uint32_t));
+  uint32_t *b = (uint32_t *)KRML_HOST_CALLOC(16U, sizeof (uint32_t));
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_block_state_t
+  block_state =
+    {
+      .fst = i.key_length,
+      .snd = i.digest_length,
+      .thd = i.last_node,
+      .f3 = { .fst = wv, .snd = b }
+    };
+  uint32_t *src_b = block_state0.f3.snd;
+  uint32_t *dst_b = block_state.f3.snd;
+  memcpy(dst_b, src_b, 16U * sizeof (uint32_t));
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_state_t
+  s = { .block_state = block_state, .buf = buf, .total_len = total_len0 };
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_state_t
+  *p = (Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_state_t *)KRML_HOST_MALLOC(sizeof (Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_state_t));
+  p[0U] = s;
+  return p;
+}
+
+/**
+Write the BLAKE2s digest of message `input` using key `key` into `output`.
+
+@param output Pointer to `output_len` bytes of memory where the digest is written to.
+@param output_len Length of the to-be-generated digest with 1 <= `output_len` <= 64.
+@param input Pointer to `input_len` bytes of memory where the input message is read from.
+@param input_len Length of the input message.
+@param key Pointer to `key_len` bytes of memory where the key is read from.
+@param key_len Length of the key. Can be 0.
+*/
+void
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_hash_with_key(
+  uint8_t *output,
+  uint32_t output_len,
+  uint8_t *input,
+  uint32_t input_len,
+  uint8_t *key,
+  uint32_t key_len
+)
+{
+  uint32_t b[16U] = { 0U };
+  uint32_t b1[16U] = { 0U };
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_init(b, key_len, output_len);
+  update(b1, b, key_len, key, input_len, input);
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_finish(output_len, output, b);
+  Lib_Memzero0_memzero(b1, 16U, uint32_t, void *);
+  Lib_Memzero0_memzero(b, 16U, uint32_t, void *);
+}
+
+/**
+Write the BLAKE2s digest of message `input` using key `key` and
+parameters `params` into `output`. The `key` array must be of length
+`params.key_length`. The `output` array must be of length
+`params.digest_length`.
+*/
+void
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_hash_with_key_and_params(
+  uint8_t *output,
+  uint8_t *input,
+  uint32_t input_len,
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_blake2_params params,
+  uint8_t *key
+)
+{
+  uint32_t b[16U] = { 0U };
+  uint32_t b1[16U] = { 0U };
+  uint32_t tmp[8U] = { 0U };
+  uint32_t *r0 = b;
+  uint32_t *r1 = b + 4U;
+  uint32_t *r2 = b + 8U;
+  uint32_t *r3 = b + 12U;
+  uint32_t iv0 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_S[0U];
+  uint32_t iv1 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_S[1U];
+  uint32_t iv2 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_S[2U];
+  uint32_t iv3 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_S[3U];
+  uint32_t iv4 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_S[4U];
+  uint32_t iv5 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_S[5U];
+  uint32_t iv6 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_S[6U];
+  uint32_t iv7 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_S[7U];
+  r2[0U] = iv0;
+  r2[1U] = iv1;
+  r2[2U] = iv2;
+  r2[3U] = iv3;
+  r3[0U] = iv4;
+  r3[1U] = iv5;
+  r3[2U] = iv6;
+  r3[3U] = iv7;
+  KRML_MAYBE_FOR2(i,
+    0U,
+    2U,
+    1U,
+    uint32_t *os = tmp + 4U;
+    uint8_t *bj = params.salt + i * 4U;
+    uint32_t u = load32_le(bj);
+    uint32_t r = u;
+    uint32_t x = r;
+    os[i] = x;);
+  KRML_MAYBE_FOR2(i,
+    0U,
+    2U,
+    1U,
+    uint32_t *os = tmp + 6U;
+    uint8_t *bj = params.personal + i * 4U;
+    uint32_t u = load32_le(bj);
+    uint32_t r = u;
+    uint32_t x = r;
+    os[i] = x;);
+  tmp[0U] =
+    (uint32_t)params.digest_length
+    ^
+      ((uint32_t)params.key_length
+      << 8U
+      ^ ((uint32_t)params.fanout << 16U ^ (uint32_t)params.depth << 24U));
+  tmp[1U] = params.leaf_length;
+  tmp[2U] = (uint32_t)params.node_offset;
+  tmp[3U] =
+    (uint32_t)(params.node_offset >> 32U)
+    ^ ((uint32_t)params.node_depth << 16U ^ (uint32_t)params.inner_length << 24U);
+  uint32_t tmp0 = tmp[0U];
+  uint32_t tmp1 = tmp[1U];
+  uint32_t tmp2 = tmp[2U];
+  uint32_t tmp3 = tmp[3U];
+  uint32_t tmp4 = tmp[4U];
+  uint32_t tmp5 = tmp[5U];
+  uint32_t tmp6 = tmp[6U];
+  uint32_t tmp7 = tmp[7U];
+  uint32_t iv0_ = iv0 ^ tmp0;
+  uint32_t iv1_ = iv1 ^ tmp1;
+  uint32_t iv2_ = iv2 ^ tmp2;
+  uint32_t iv3_ = iv3 ^ tmp3;
+  uint32_t iv4_ = iv4 ^ tmp4;
+  uint32_t iv5_ = iv5 ^ tmp5;
+  uint32_t iv6_ = iv6 ^ tmp6;
+  uint32_t iv7_ = iv7 ^ tmp7;
+  r0[0U] = iv0_;
+  r0[1U] = iv1_;
+  r0[2U] = iv2_;
+  r0[3U] = iv3_;
+  r1[0U] = iv4_;
+  r1[1U] = iv5_;
+  r1[2U] = iv6_;
+  r1[3U] = iv7_;
+  update(b1, b, (uint32_t)params.key_length, key, input_len, input);
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_finish((uint32_t)params.digest_length, output, b);
+  Lib_Memzero0_memzero(b1, 16U, uint32_t, void *);
+  Lib_Memzero0_memzero(b, 16U, uint32_t, void *);
+}
+
diff --git a/Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_Blake2s.h b/Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_Blake2s.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..5c01da144018e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_Blake2s.h
@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
+/* MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 INRIA, CMU and Microsoft Corporation
+ * Copyright (c) 2022-2023 HACL* Contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+
+#ifndef __Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_H
+#define __Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_H
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus)
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include "python_hacl_namespaces.h"
+#include "krml/types.h"
+#include "krml/lowstar_endianness.h"
+#include "krml/internal/target.h"
+
+#include "Hacl_Streaming_Types.h"
+#include "Hacl_Hash_Blake2b.h"
+
+#define HACL_HASH_BLAKE2S_BLOCK_BYTES (64U)
+
+#define HACL_HASH_BLAKE2S_OUT_BYTES (32U)
+
+#define HACL_HASH_BLAKE2S_KEY_BYTES (32U)
+
+#define HACL_HASH_BLAKE2S_SALT_BYTES (8U)
+
+#define HACL_HASH_BLAKE2S_PERSONAL_BYTES (8U)
+
+typedef struct K____uint32_t___uint32_t__s
+{
+  uint32_t *fst;
+  uint32_t *snd;
+}
+K____uint32_t___uint32_t_;
+
+typedef struct Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_block_state_t_s
+{
+  uint8_t fst;
+  uint8_t snd;
+  bool thd;
+  K____uint32_t___uint32_t_ f3;
+}
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_block_state_t;
+
+typedef struct Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_state_t_s
+{
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_block_state_t block_state;
+  uint8_t *buf;
+  uint64_t total_len;
+}
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_state_t;
+
+/**
+ General-purpose allocation function that gives control over all
+Blake2 parameters, including the key. Further resettings of the state SHALL be
+done with `reset_with_params_and_key`, and SHALL feature the exact same values
+for the `key_length` and `digest_length` fields as passed here. In other words,
+once you commit to a digest and key length, the only way to change these
+parameters is to allocate a new object.
+
+The caller must satisfy the following requirements.
+- The length of the key k MUST match the value of the field key_length in the
+  parameters.
+- The key_length must not exceed 32 for S, 64 for B.
+- The digest_length must not exceed 32 for S, 64 for B.
+
+*/
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_state_t
+*Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_malloc_with_params_and_key(
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_blake2_params *p,
+  bool last_node,
+  uint8_t *k
+);
+
+/**
+ Specialized allocation function that picks default values for all
+parameters, except for the key_length. Further resettings of the state SHALL be
+done with `reset_with_key`, and SHALL feature the exact same key length `kk` as
+passed here. In other words, once you commit to a key length, the only way to
+change this parameter is to allocate a new object.
+
+The caller must satisfy the following requirements.
+- The key_length must not exceed 32 for S, 64 for B.
+
+*/
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_state_t *Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_malloc_with_key(uint8_t *k, uint8_t kk);
+
+/**
+ Specialized allocation function that picks default values for all
+parameters, and has no key. Effectively, this is what you want if you intend to
+use Blake2 as a hash function. Further resettings of the state SHALL be done with `reset`.
+*/
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_state_t *Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_malloc(void);
+
+/**
+ General-purpose re-initialization function with parameters and
+key. You cannot change digest_length, key_length, or last_node, meaning those values in
+the parameters object must be the same as originally decided via one of the
+malloc functions. All other values of the parameter can be changed. The behavior
+is unspecified if you violate this precondition.
+*/
+void
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_reset_with_key_and_params(
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_state_t *s,
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_blake2_params *p,
+  uint8_t *k
+);
+
+/**
+ Specialized-purpose re-initialization function with no parameters,
+and a key. The key length must be the same as originally decided via your choice
+of malloc function. All other parameters are reset to their default values. The
+original call to malloc MUST have set digest_length to the default value. The
+behavior is unspecified if you violate this precondition.
+*/
+void Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_reset_with_key(Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_state_t *s, uint8_t *k);
+
+/**
+ Specialized-purpose re-initialization function with no parameters
+and no key. This is what you want if you intend to use Blake2 as a hash
+function. The key length and digest length must have been set to their
+respective default values via your choice of malloc function (always true if you
+used `malloc`). All other parameters are reset to their default values. The
+behavior is unspecified if you violate this precondition.
+*/
+void Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_reset(Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_state_t *s);
+
+/**
+  Update function; 0 = success, 1 = max length exceeded
+*/
+Hacl_Streaming_Types_error_code
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_update(Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_state_t *state, uint8_t *chunk, uint32_t chunk_len);
+
+/**
+ Digest function. This function expects the `output` array to hold
+at least `digest_length` bytes, where `digest_length` was determined by your
+choice of `malloc` function. Concretely, if you used `malloc` or
+`malloc_with_key`, then the expected length is 32 for S, or 64 for B (default
+digest length). If you used `malloc_with_params_and_key`, then the expected
+length is whatever you chose for the `digest_length` field of your parameters.
+For convenience, this function returns `digest_length`. When in doubt, callers
+can pass an array of size HACL_BLAKE2S_32_OUT_BYTES, then use the return value
+to see how many bytes were actually written.
+*/
+uint8_t Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_digest(Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_state_t *s, uint8_t *dst);
+
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_index Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_info(Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_state_t *s);
+
+/**
+  Free state function when there is no key
+*/
+void Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_free(Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_state_t *state);
+
+/**
+  Copying. This preserves all parameters.
+*/
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_state_t *Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_copy(Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_state_t *state);
+
+/**
+Write the BLAKE2s digest of message `input` using key `key` into `output`.
+
+@param output Pointer to `output_len` bytes of memory where the digest is written to.
+@param output_len Length of the to-be-generated digest with 1 <= `output_len` <= 64.
+@param input Pointer to `input_len` bytes of memory where the input message is read from.
+@param input_len Length of the input message.
+@param key Pointer to `key_len` bytes of memory where the key is read from.
+@param key_len Length of the key. Can be 0.
+*/
+void
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_hash_with_key(
+  uint8_t *output,
+  uint32_t output_len,
+  uint8_t *input,
+  uint32_t input_len,
+  uint8_t *key,
+  uint32_t key_len
+);
+
+/**
+Write the BLAKE2s digest of message `input` using key `key` and
+parameters `params` into `output`. The `key` array must be of length
+`params.key_length`. The `output` array must be of length
+`params.digest_length`.
+*/
+void
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_hash_with_key_and_params(
+  uint8_t *output,
+  uint8_t *input,
+  uint32_t input_len,
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_blake2_params params,
+  uint8_t *key
+);
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus)
+}
+#endif
+
+#define __Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_H_DEFINED
+#endif
diff --git a/Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128.c b/Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..f675a7f14f192f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1350 @@
+/* MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 INRIA, CMU and Microsoft Corporation
+ * Copyright (c) 2022-2023 HACL* Contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+
+#include "internal/Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128.h"
+
+#include "internal/Hacl_Impl_Blake2_Constants.h"
+#include "internal/Hacl_Hash_Blake2b.h"
+#include "lib_memzero0.h"
+
+static inline void
+update_block(
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *wv,
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *hash,
+  bool flag,
+  bool last_node,
+  uint64_t totlen,
+  uint8_t *d
+)
+{
+  uint32_t m_w[16U] = { 0U };
+  KRML_MAYBE_FOR16(i,
+    0U,
+    16U,
+    1U,
+    uint32_t *os = m_w;
+    uint8_t *bj = d + i * 4U;
+    uint32_t u = load32_le(bj);
+    uint32_t r = u;
+    uint32_t x = r;
+    os[i] = x;);
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 mask = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_zero;
+  uint32_t wv_14;
+  if (flag)
+  {
+    wv_14 = 0xFFFFFFFFU;
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    wv_14 = 0U;
+  }
+  uint32_t wv_15;
+  if (last_node)
+  {
+    wv_15 = 0xFFFFFFFFU;
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    wv_15 = 0U;
+  }
+  mask =
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_load32s((uint32_t)totlen,
+      (uint32_t)(totlen >> 32U),
+      wv_14,
+      wv_15);
+  memcpy(wv, hash, 4U * sizeof (Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128));
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *wv3 = wv + 3U;
+  wv3[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_xor(wv3[0U], mask);
+  KRML_MAYBE_FOR10(i,
+    0U,
+    10U,
+    1U,
+    uint32_t start_idx = i % 10U * 16U;
+    KRML_PRE_ALIGN(16) Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 m_st[4U] KRML_POST_ALIGN(16) = { 0U };
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *r0 = m_st;
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *r1 = m_st + 1U;
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *r20 = m_st + 2U;
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *r30 = m_st + 3U;
+    uint32_t s0 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_sigmaTable[start_idx + 0U];
+    uint32_t s1 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_sigmaTable[start_idx + 1U];
+    uint32_t s2 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_sigmaTable[start_idx + 2U];
+    uint32_t s3 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_sigmaTable[start_idx + 3U];
+    uint32_t s4 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_sigmaTable[start_idx + 4U];
+    uint32_t s5 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_sigmaTable[start_idx + 5U];
+    uint32_t s6 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_sigmaTable[start_idx + 6U];
+    uint32_t s7 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_sigmaTable[start_idx + 7U];
+    uint32_t s8 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_sigmaTable[start_idx + 8U];
+    uint32_t s9 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_sigmaTable[start_idx + 9U];
+    uint32_t s10 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_sigmaTable[start_idx + 10U];
+    uint32_t s11 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_sigmaTable[start_idx + 11U];
+    uint32_t s12 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_sigmaTable[start_idx + 12U];
+    uint32_t s13 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_sigmaTable[start_idx + 13U];
+    uint32_t s14 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_sigmaTable[start_idx + 14U];
+    uint32_t s15 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_sigmaTable[start_idx + 15U];
+    r0[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_load32s(m_w[s0], m_w[s2], m_w[s4], m_w[s6]);
+    r1[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_load32s(m_w[s1], m_w[s3], m_w[s5], m_w[s7]);
+    r20[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_load32s(m_w[s8], m_w[s10], m_w[s12], m_w[s14]);
+    r30[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_load32s(m_w[s9], m_w[s11], m_w[s13], m_w[s15]);
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *x = m_st;
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *y = m_st + 1U;
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *z = m_st + 2U;
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *w = m_st + 3U;
+    uint32_t a = 0U;
+    uint32_t b0 = 1U;
+    uint32_t c0 = 2U;
+    uint32_t d10 = 3U;
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *wv_a0 = wv + a * 1U;
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *wv_b0 = wv + b0 * 1U;
+    wv_a0[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_add32(wv_a0[0U], wv_b0[0U]);
+    wv_a0[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_add32(wv_a0[0U], x[0U]);
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *wv_a1 = wv + d10 * 1U;
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *wv_b1 = wv + a * 1U;
+    wv_a1[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_xor(wv_a1[0U], wv_b1[0U]);
+    wv_a1[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_rotate_right32(wv_a1[0U], 16U);
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *wv_a2 = wv + c0 * 1U;
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *wv_b2 = wv + d10 * 1U;
+    wv_a2[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_add32(wv_a2[0U], wv_b2[0U]);
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *wv_a3 = wv + b0 * 1U;
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *wv_b3 = wv + c0 * 1U;
+    wv_a3[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_xor(wv_a3[0U], wv_b3[0U]);
+    wv_a3[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_rotate_right32(wv_a3[0U], 12U);
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *wv_a4 = wv + a * 1U;
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *wv_b4 = wv + b0 * 1U;
+    wv_a4[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_add32(wv_a4[0U], wv_b4[0U]);
+    wv_a4[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_add32(wv_a4[0U], y[0U]);
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *wv_a5 = wv + d10 * 1U;
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *wv_b5 = wv + a * 1U;
+    wv_a5[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_xor(wv_a5[0U], wv_b5[0U]);
+    wv_a5[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_rotate_right32(wv_a5[0U], 8U);
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *wv_a6 = wv + c0 * 1U;
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *wv_b6 = wv + d10 * 1U;
+    wv_a6[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_add32(wv_a6[0U], wv_b6[0U]);
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *wv_a7 = wv + b0 * 1U;
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *wv_b7 = wv + c0 * 1U;
+    wv_a7[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_xor(wv_a7[0U], wv_b7[0U]);
+    wv_a7[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_rotate_right32(wv_a7[0U], 7U);
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *r10 = wv + 1U;
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *r21 = wv + 2U;
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *r31 = wv + 3U;
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 v00 = r10[0U];
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128
+    v1 = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_rotate_right_lanes32(v00, 1U);
+    r10[0U] = v1;
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 v01 = r21[0U];
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128
+    v10 = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_rotate_right_lanes32(v01, 2U);
+    r21[0U] = v10;
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 v02 = r31[0U];
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128
+    v11 = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_rotate_right_lanes32(v02, 3U);
+    r31[0U] = v11;
+    uint32_t a0 = 0U;
+    uint32_t b = 1U;
+    uint32_t c = 2U;
+    uint32_t d1 = 3U;
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *wv_a = wv + a0 * 1U;
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *wv_b8 = wv + b * 1U;
+    wv_a[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_add32(wv_a[0U], wv_b8[0U]);
+    wv_a[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_add32(wv_a[0U], z[0U]);
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *wv_a8 = wv + d1 * 1U;
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *wv_b9 = wv + a0 * 1U;
+    wv_a8[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_xor(wv_a8[0U], wv_b9[0U]);
+    wv_a8[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_rotate_right32(wv_a8[0U], 16U);
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *wv_a9 = wv + c * 1U;
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *wv_b10 = wv + d1 * 1U;
+    wv_a9[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_add32(wv_a9[0U], wv_b10[0U]);
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *wv_a10 = wv + b * 1U;
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *wv_b11 = wv + c * 1U;
+    wv_a10[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_xor(wv_a10[0U], wv_b11[0U]);
+    wv_a10[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_rotate_right32(wv_a10[0U], 12U);
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *wv_a11 = wv + a0 * 1U;
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *wv_b12 = wv + b * 1U;
+    wv_a11[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_add32(wv_a11[0U], wv_b12[0U]);
+    wv_a11[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_add32(wv_a11[0U], w[0U]);
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *wv_a12 = wv + d1 * 1U;
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *wv_b13 = wv + a0 * 1U;
+    wv_a12[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_xor(wv_a12[0U], wv_b13[0U]);
+    wv_a12[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_rotate_right32(wv_a12[0U], 8U);
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *wv_a13 = wv + c * 1U;
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *wv_b14 = wv + d1 * 1U;
+    wv_a13[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_add32(wv_a13[0U], wv_b14[0U]);
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *wv_a14 = wv + b * 1U;
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *wv_b = wv + c * 1U;
+    wv_a14[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_xor(wv_a14[0U], wv_b[0U]);
+    wv_a14[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_rotate_right32(wv_a14[0U], 7U);
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *r11 = wv + 1U;
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *r2 = wv + 2U;
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *r3 = wv + 3U;
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 v0 = r11[0U];
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128
+    v12 = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_rotate_right_lanes32(v0, 3U);
+    r11[0U] = v12;
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 v03 = r2[0U];
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128
+    v13 = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_rotate_right_lanes32(v03, 2U);
+    r2[0U] = v13;
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 v04 = r3[0U];
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128
+    v14 = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_rotate_right_lanes32(v04, 1U);
+    r3[0U] = v14;);
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *s0 = hash;
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *s1 = hash + 1U;
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *r0 = wv;
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *r1 = wv + 1U;
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *r2 = wv + 2U;
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *r3 = wv + 3U;
+  s0[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_xor(s0[0U], r0[0U]);
+  s0[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_xor(s0[0U], r2[0U]);
+  s1[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_xor(s1[0U], r1[0U]);
+  s1[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_xor(s1[0U], r3[0U]);
+}
+
+void
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_init(Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *hash, uint32_t kk, uint32_t nn)
+{
+  uint8_t salt[8U] = { 0U };
+  uint8_t personal[8U] = { 0U };
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_blake2_params
+  p =
+    {
+      .digest_length = 32U, .key_length = 0U, .fanout = 1U, .depth = 1U, .leaf_length = 0U,
+      .node_offset = 0ULL, .node_depth = 0U, .inner_length = 0U, .salt = salt, .personal = personal
+    };
+  uint32_t tmp[8U] = { 0U };
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *r0 = hash;
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *r1 = hash + 1U;
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *r2 = hash + 2U;
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *r3 = hash + 3U;
+  uint32_t iv0 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_S[0U];
+  uint32_t iv1 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_S[1U];
+  uint32_t iv2 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_S[2U];
+  uint32_t iv3 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_S[3U];
+  uint32_t iv4 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_S[4U];
+  uint32_t iv5 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_S[5U];
+  uint32_t iv6 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_S[6U];
+  uint32_t iv7 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_S[7U];
+  r2[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_load32s(iv0, iv1, iv2, iv3);
+  r3[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_load32s(iv4, iv5, iv6, iv7);
+  KRML_MAYBE_FOR2(i,
+    0U,
+    2U,
+    1U,
+    uint32_t *os = tmp + 4U;
+    uint8_t *bj = p.salt + i * 4U;
+    uint32_t u = load32_le(bj);
+    uint32_t r = u;
+    uint32_t x = r;
+    os[i] = x;);
+  KRML_MAYBE_FOR2(i,
+    0U,
+    2U,
+    1U,
+    uint32_t *os = tmp + 6U;
+    uint8_t *bj = p.personal + i * 4U;
+    uint32_t u = load32_le(bj);
+    uint32_t r = u;
+    uint32_t x = r;
+    os[i] = x;);
+  tmp[0U] =
+    (uint32_t)(uint8_t)nn
+    ^ ((uint32_t)(uint8_t)kk << 8U ^ ((uint32_t)p.fanout << 16U ^ (uint32_t)p.depth << 24U));
+  tmp[1U] = p.leaf_length;
+  tmp[2U] = (uint32_t)p.node_offset;
+  tmp[3U] =
+    (uint32_t)(p.node_offset >> 32U)
+    ^ ((uint32_t)p.node_depth << 16U ^ (uint32_t)p.inner_length << 24U);
+  uint32_t tmp0 = tmp[0U];
+  uint32_t tmp1 = tmp[1U];
+  uint32_t tmp2 = tmp[2U];
+  uint32_t tmp3 = tmp[3U];
+  uint32_t tmp4 = tmp[4U];
+  uint32_t tmp5 = tmp[5U];
+  uint32_t tmp6 = tmp[6U];
+  uint32_t tmp7 = tmp[7U];
+  uint32_t iv0_ = iv0 ^ tmp0;
+  uint32_t iv1_ = iv1 ^ tmp1;
+  uint32_t iv2_ = iv2 ^ tmp2;
+  uint32_t iv3_ = iv3 ^ tmp3;
+  uint32_t iv4_ = iv4 ^ tmp4;
+  uint32_t iv5_ = iv5 ^ tmp5;
+  uint32_t iv6_ = iv6 ^ tmp6;
+  uint32_t iv7_ = iv7 ^ tmp7;
+  r0[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_load32s(iv0_, iv1_, iv2_, iv3_);
+  r1[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_load32s(iv4_, iv5_, iv6_, iv7_);
+}
+
+static void
+update_key(
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *wv,
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *hash,
+  uint32_t kk,
+  uint8_t *k,
+  uint32_t ll
+)
+{
+  uint64_t lb = (uint64_t)64U;
+  uint8_t b[64U] = { 0U };
+  memcpy(b, k, kk * sizeof (uint8_t));
+  if (ll == 0U)
+  {
+    update_block(wv, hash, true, false, lb, b);
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    update_block(wv, hash, false, false, lb, b);
+  }
+  Lib_Memzero0_memzero(b, 64U, uint8_t, void *);
+}
+
+void
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_update_multi(
+  uint32_t len,
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *wv,
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *hash,
+  uint64_t prev,
+  uint8_t *blocks,
+  uint32_t nb
+)
+{
+  KRML_MAYBE_UNUSED_VAR(len);
+  for (uint32_t i = 0U; i < nb; i++)
+  {
+    uint64_t totlen = prev + (uint64_t)((i + 1U) * 64U);
+    uint8_t *b = blocks + i * 64U;
+    update_block(wv, hash, false, false, totlen, b);
+  }
+}
+
+void
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_update_last(
+  uint32_t len,
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *wv,
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *hash,
+  bool last_node,
+  uint64_t prev,
+  uint32_t rem,
+  uint8_t *d
+)
+{
+  uint8_t b[64U] = { 0U };
+  uint8_t *last = d + len - rem;
+  memcpy(b, last, rem * sizeof (uint8_t));
+  uint64_t totlen = prev + (uint64_t)len;
+  update_block(wv, hash, true, last_node, totlen, b);
+  Lib_Memzero0_memzero(b, 64U, uint8_t, void *);
+}
+
+static inline void
+update_blocks(
+  uint32_t len,
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *wv,
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *hash,
+  uint64_t prev,
+  uint8_t *blocks
+)
+{
+  uint32_t nb0 = len / 64U;
+  uint32_t rem0 = len % 64U;
+  uint32_t nb;
+  if (rem0 == 0U && nb0 > 0U)
+  {
+    nb = nb0 - 1U;
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    nb = nb0;
+  }
+  uint32_t rem;
+  if (rem0 == 0U && nb0 > 0U)
+  {
+    rem = 64U;
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    rem = rem0;
+  }
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_update_multi(len, wv, hash, prev, blocks, nb);
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_update_last(len, wv, hash, false, prev, rem, blocks);
+}
+
+static inline void
+update(
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *wv,
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *hash,
+  uint32_t kk,
+  uint8_t *k,
+  uint32_t ll,
+  uint8_t *d
+)
+{
+  uint64_t lb = (uint64_t)64U;
+  if (kk > 0U)
+  {
+    update_key(wv, hash, kk, k, ll);
+    if (!(ll == 0U))
+    {
+      update_blocks(ll, wv, hash, lb, d);
+      return;
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+  update_blocks(ll, wv, hash, (uint64_t)0U, d);
+}
+
+void
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_finish(
+  uint32_t nn,
+  uint8_t *output,
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *hash
+)
+{
+  uint8_t b[32U] = { 0U };
+  uint8_t *first = b;
+  uint8_t *second = b + 16U;
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *row0 = hash;
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *row1 = hash + 1U;
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_store32_le(first, row0[0U]);
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_store32_le(second, row1[0U]);
+  uint8_t *final = b;
+  memcpy(output, final, nn * sizeof (uint8_t));
+  Lib_Memzero0_memzero(b, 32U, uint8_t, void *);
+}
+
+void
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_store_state128s_to_state32(
+  uint32_t *st32,
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *st
+)
+{
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *r0 = st;
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *r1 = st + 1U;
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *r2 = st + 2U;
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *r3 = st + 3U;
+  uint32_t *b0 = st32;
+  uint32_t *b1 = st32 + 4U;
+  uint32_t *b2 = st32 + 8U;
+  uint32_t *b3 = st32 + 12U;
+  uint8_t b8[16U] = { 0U };
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_store32_le(b8, r0[0U]);
+  KRML_MAYBE_FOR4(i,
+    0U,
+    4U,
+    1U,
+    uint32_t *os = b0;
+    uint8_t *bj = b8 + i * 4U;
+    uint32_t u = load32_le(bj);
+    uint32_t r = u;
+    uint32_t x = r;
+    os[i] = x;);
+  uint8_t b80[16U] = { 0U };
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_store32_le(b80, r1[0U]);
+  KRML_MAYBE_FOR4(i,
+    0U,
+    4U,
+    1U,
+    uint32_t *os = b1;
+    uint8_t *bj = b80 + i * 4U;
+    uint32_t u = load32_le(bj);
+    uint32_t r = u;
+    uint32_t x = r;
+    os[i] = x;);
+  uint8_t b81[16U] = { 0U };
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_store32_le(b81, r2[0U]);
+  KRML_MAYBE_FOR4(i,
+    0U,
+    4U,
+    1U,
+    uint32_t *os = b2;
+    uint8_t *bj = b81 + i * 4U;
+    uint32_t u = load32_le(bj);
+    uint32_t r = u;
+    uint32_t x = r;
+    os[i] = x;);
+  uint8_t b82[16U] = { 0U };
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_store32_le(b82, r3[0U]);
+  KRML_MAYBE_FOR4(i,
+    0U,
+    4U,
+    1U,
+    uint32_t *os = b3;
+    uint8_t *bj = b82 + i * 4U;
+    uint32_t u = load32_le(bj);
+    uint32_t r = u;
+    uint32_t x = r;
+    os[i] = x;);
+}
+
+void
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_load_state128s_from_state32(
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *st,
+  uint32_t *st32
+)
+{
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *r0 = st;
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *r1 = st + 1U;
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *r2 = st + 2U;
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *r3 = st + 3U;
+  uint32_t *b0 = st32;
+  uint32_t *b1 = st32 + 4U;
+  uint32_t *b2 = st32 + 8U;
+  uint32_t *b3 = st32 + 12U;
+  r0[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_load32s(b0[0U], b0[1U], b0[2U], b0[3U]);
+  r1[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_load32s(b1[0U], b1[1U], b1[2U], b1[3U]);
+  r2[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_load32s(b2[0U], b2[1U], b2[2U], b2[3U]);
+  r3[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_load32s(b3[0U], b3[1U], b3[2U], b3[3U]);
+}
+
+Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_malloc_with_key(void)
+{
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128
+  *buf =
+    (Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *)KRML_ALIGNED_MALLOC(16,
+      sizeof (Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128) * 4U);
+  memset(buf, 0U, 4U * sizeof (Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128));
+  return buf;
+}
+
+static Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_state_t
+*malloc_raw(Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_index kk, Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_params_and_key key)
+{
+  uint8_t *buf = (uint8_t *)KRML_HOST_CALLOC(64U, sizeof (uint8_t));
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128
+  *wv =
+    (Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *)KRML_ALIGNED_MALLOC(16,
+      sizeof (Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128) * 4U);
+  memset(wv, 0U, 4U * sizeof (Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128));
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128
+  *b =
+    (Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *)KRML_ALIGNED_MALLOC(16,
+      sizeof (Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128) * 4U);
+  memset(b, 0U, 4U * sizeof (Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128));
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_block_state_t
+  block_state =
+    {
+      .fst = kk.key_length,
+      .snd = kk.digest_length,
+      .thd = kk.last_node,
+      .f3 = { .fst = wv, .snd = b }
+    };
+  uint8_t kk10 = kk.key_length;
+  uint32_t ite;
+  if (kk10 != 0U)
+  {
+    ite = 64U;
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    ite = 0U;
+  }
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_state_t
+  s = { .block_state = block_state, .buf = buf, .total_len = (uint64_t)ite };
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_state_t
+  *p =
+    (Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_state_t *)KRML_HOST_MALLOC(sizeof (
+        Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_state_t
+      ));
+  p[0U] = s;
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_blake2_params *p1 = key.fst;
+  uint8_t kk1 = p1->key_length;
+  uint8_t nn = p1->digest_length;
+  bool last_node = block_state.thd;
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_index i = { .key_length = kk1, .digest_length = nn, .last_node = last_node };
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *h = block_state.f3.snd;
+  uint32_t kk2 = (uint32_t)i.key_length;
+  uint8_t *k_1 = key.snd;
+  if (!(kk2 == 0U))
+  {
+    uint8_t *sub_b = buf + kk2;
+    memset(sub_b, 0U, (64U - kk2) * sizeof (uint8_t));
+    memcpy(buf, k_1, kk2 * sizeof (uint8_t));
+  }
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_blake2_params pv = p1[0U];
+  uint32_t tmp[8U] = { 0U };
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *r0 = h;
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *r1 = h + 1U;
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *r2 = h + 2U;
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *r3 = h + 3U;
+  uint32_t iv0 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_S[0U];
+  uint32_t iv1 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_S[1U];
+  uint32_t iv2 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_S[2U];
+  uint32_t iv3 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_S[3U];
+  uint32_t iv4 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_S[4U];
+  uint32_t iv5 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_S[5U];
+  uint32_t iv6 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_S[6U];
+  uint32_t iv7 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_S[7U];
+  r2[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_load32s(iv0, iv1, iv2, iv3);
+  r3[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_load32s(iv4, iv5, iv6, iv7);
+  KRML_MAYBE_FOR2(i0,
+    0U,
+    2U,
+    1U,
+    uint32_t *os = tmp + 4U;
+    uint8_t *bj = pv.salt + i0 * 4U;
+    uint32_t u = load32_le(bj);
+    uint32_t r4 = u;
+    uint32_t x = r4;
+    os[i0] = x;);
+  KRML_MAYBE_FOR2(i0,
+    0U,
+    2U,
+    1U,
+    uint32_t *os = tmp + 6U;
+    uint8_t *bj = pv.personal + i0 * 4U;
+    uint32_t u = load32_le(bj);
+    uint32_t r4 = u;
+    uint32_t x = r4;
+    os[i0] = x;);
+  tmp[0U] =
+    (uint32_t)pv.digest_length
+    ^ ((uint32_t)pv.key_length << 8U ^ ((uint32_t)pv.fanout << 16U ^ (uint32_t)pv.depth << 24U));
+  tmp[1U] = pv.leaf_length;
+  tmp[2U] = (uint32_t)pv.node_offset;
+  tmp[3U] =
+    (uint32_t)(pv.node_offset >> 32U)
+    ^ ((uint32_t)pv.node_depth << 16U ^ (uint32_t)pv.inner_length << 24U);
+  uint32_t tmp0 = tmp[0U];
+  uint32_t tmp1 = tmp[1U];
+  uint32_t tmp2 = tmp[2U];
+  uint32_t tmp3 = tmp[3U];
+  uint32_t tmp4 = tmp[4U];
+  uint32_t tmp5 = tmp[5U];
+  uint32_t tmp6 = tmp[6U];
+  uint32_t tmp7 = tmp[7U];
+  uint32_t iv0_ = iv0 ^ tmp0;
+  uint32_t iv1_ = iv1 ^ tmp1;
+  uint32_t iv2_ = iv2 ^ tmp2;
+  uint32_t iv3_ = iv3 ^ tmp3;
+  uint32_t iv4_ = iv4 ^ tmp4;
+  uint32_t iv5_ = iv5 ^ tmp5;
+  uint32_t iv6_ = iv6 ^ tmp6;
+  uint32_t iv7_ = iv7 ^ tmp7;
+  r0[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_load32s(iv0_, iv1_, iv2_, iv3_);
+  r1[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_load32s(iv4_, iv5_, iv6_, iv7_);
+  return p;
+}
+
+/**
+ General-purpose allocation function that gives control over all
+Blake2 parameters, including the key. Further resettings of the state SHALL be
+done with `reset_with_params_and_key`, and SHALL feature the exact same values
+for the `key_length` and `digest_length` fields as passed here. In other words,
+once you commit to a digest and key length, the only way to change these
+parameters is to allocate a new object.
+
+The caller must satisfy the following requirements.
+- The length of the key k MUST match the value of the field key_length in the
+  parameters.
+- The key_length must not exceed 128 for S, 64 for B.
+- The digest_length must not exceed 128 for S, 64 for B.
+
+*/
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_state_t
+*Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_malloc_with_params_and_key(
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_blake2_params *p,
+  bool last_node,
+  uint8_t *k
+)
+{
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_blake2_params pv = p[0U];
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_index
+  i1 = { .key_length = pv.key_length, .digest_length = pv.digest_length, .last_node = last_node };
+  return malloc_raw(i1, ((Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_params_and_key){ .fst = p, .snd = k }));
+}
+
+/**
+ Specialized allocation function that picks default values for all
+parameters, except for the key_length. Further resettings of the state SHALL be
+done with `reset_with_key`, and SHALL feature the exact same key length `kk` as
+passed here. In other words, once you commit to a key length, the only way to
+change this parameter is to allocate a new object.
+
+The caller must satisfy the following requirements.
+- The key_length must not exceed 128 for S, 64 for B.
+
+*/
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_state_t
+*Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_malloc_with_key0(uint8_t *k, uint8_t kk)
+{
+  uint8_t nn = 32U;
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_index i = { .key_length = kk, .digest_length = nn, .last_node = false };
+  uint8_t salt[8U] = { 0U };
+  uint8_t personal[8U] = { 0U };
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_blake2_params
+  p =
+    {
+      .digest_length = i.digest_length, .key_length = i.key_length, .fanout = 1U, .depth = 1U,
+      .leaf_length = 0U, .node_offset = 0ULL, .node_depth = 0U, .inner_length = 0U, .salt = salt,
+      .personal = personal
+    };
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_blake2_params p0 = p;
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_state_t
+  *s = Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_malloc_with_params_and_key(&p0, false, k);
+  return s;
+}
+
+/**
+ Specialized allocation function that picks default values for all
+parameters, and has no key. Effectively, this is what you want if you intend to
+use Blake2 as a hash function. Further resettings of the state SHALL be done with `reset`.
+*/
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_state_t *Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_malloc(void)
+{
+  return Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_malloc_with_key0(NULL, 0U);
+}
+
+static Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_index index_of_state(Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_state_t *s)
+{
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_block_state_t block_state = (*s).block_state;
+  bool last_node = block_state.thd;
+  uint8_t nn = block_state.snd;
+  uint8_t kk1 = block_state.fst;
+  return
+    ((Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_index){ .key_length = kk1, .digest_length = nn, .last_node = last_node });
+}
+
+static void
+reset_raw(Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_state_t *state, Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_params_and_key key)
+{
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_state_t scrut = *state;
+  uint8_t *buf = scrut.buf;
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_block_state_t block_state = scrut.block_state;
+  bool last_node0 = block_state.thd;
+  uint8_t nn0 = block_state.snd;
+  uint8_t kk10 = block_state.fst;
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_index
+  i = { .key_length = kk10, .digest_length = nn0, .last_node = last_node0 };
+  KRML_MAYBE_UNUSED_VAR(i);
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_blake2_params *p = key.fst;
+  uint8_t kk1 = p->key_length;
+  uint8_t nn = p->digest_length;
+  bool last_node = block_state.thd;
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_index
+  i1 = { .key_length = kk1, .digest_length = nn, .last_node = last_node };
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *h = block_state.f3.snd;
+  uint32_t kk2 = (uint32_t)i1.key_length;
+  uint8_t *k_1 = key.snd;
+  if (!(kk2 == 0U))
+  {
+    uint8_t *sub_b = buf + kk2;
+    memset(sub_b, 0U, (64U - kk2) * sizeof (uint8_t));
+    memcpy(buf, k_1, kk2 * sizeof (uint8_t));
+  }
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_blake2_params pv = p[0U];
+  uint32_t tmp[8U] = { 0U };
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *r0 = h;
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *r1 = h + 1U;
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *r2 = h + 2U;
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *r3 = h + 3U;
+  uint32_t iv0 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_S[0U];
+  uint32_t iv1 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_S[1U];
+  uint32_t iv2 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_S[2U];
+  uint32_t iv3 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_S[3U];
+  uint32_t iv4 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_S[4U];
+  uint32_t iv5 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_S[5U];
+  uint32_t iv6 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_S[6U];
+  uint32_t iv7 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_S[7U];
+  r2[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_load32s(iv0, iv1, iv2, iv3);
+  r3[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_load32s(iv4, iv5, iv6, iv7);
+  KRML_MAYBE_FOR2(i0,
+    0U,
+    2U,
+    1U,
+    uint32_t *os = tmp + 4U;
+    uint8_t *bj = pv.salt + i0 * 4U;
+    uint32_t u = load32_le(bj);
+    uint32_t r = u;
+    uint32_t x = r;
+    os[i0] = x;);
+  KRML_MAYBE_FOR2(i0,
+    0U,
+    2U,
+    1U,
+    uint32_t *os = tmp + 6U;
+    uint8_t *bj = pv.personal + i0 * 4U;
+    uint32_t u = load32_le(bj);
+    uint32_t r = u;
+    uint32_t x = r;
+    os[i0] = x;);
+  tmp[0U] =
+    (uint32_t)pv.digest_length
+    ^ ((uint32_t)pv.key_length << 8U ^ ((uint32_t)pv.fanout << 16U ^ (uint32_t)pv.depth << 24U));
+  tmp[1U] = pv.leaf_length;
+  tmp[2U] = (uint32_t)pv.node_offset;
+  tmp[3U] =
+    (uint32_t)(pv.node_offset >> 32U)
+    ^ ((uint32_t)pv.node_depth << 16U ^ (uint32_t)pv.inner_length << 24U);
+  uint32_t tmp0 = tmp[0U];
+  uint32_t tmp1 = tmp[1U];
+  uint32_t tmp2 = tmp[2U];
+  uint32_t tmp3 = tmp[3U];
+  uint32_t tmp4 = tmp[4U];
+  uint32_t tmp5 = tmp[5U];
+  uint32_t tmp6 = tmp[6U];
+  uint32_t tmp7 = tmp[7U];
+  uint32_t iv0_ = iv0 ^ tmp0;
+  uint32_t iv1_ = iv1 ^ tmp1;
+  uint32_t iv2_ = iv2 ^ tmp2;
+  uint32_t iv3_ = iv3 ^ tmp3;
+  uint32_t iv4_ = iv4 ^ tmp4;
+  uint32_t iv5_ = iv5 ^ tmp5;
+  uint32_t iv6_ = iv6 ^ tmp6;
+  uint32_t iv7_ = iv7 ^ tmp7;
+  r0[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_load32s(iv0_, iv1_, iv2_, iv3_);
+  r1[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_load32s(iv4_, iv5_, iv6_, iv7_);
+  uint8_t kk11 = i.key_length;
+  uint32_t ite;
+  if (kk11 != 0U)
+  {
+    ite = 64U;
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    ite = 0U;
+  }
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_state_t
+  tmp8 = { .block_state = block_state, .buf = buf, .total_len = (uint64_t)ite };
+  state[0U] = tmp8;
+}
+
+/**
+ General-purpose re-initialization function with parameters and
+key. You cannot change digest_length, key_length, or last_node, meaning those values in
+the parameters object must be the same as originally decided via one of the
+malloc functions. All other values of the parameter can be changed. The behavior
+is unspecified if you violate this precondition.
+*/
+void
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_reset_with_key_and_params(
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_state_t *s,
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_blake2_params *p,
+  uint8_t *k
+)
+{
+  index_of_state(s);
+  reset_raw(s, ((Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_params_and_key){ .fst = p, .snd = k }));
+}
+
+/**
+ Specialized-purpose re-initialization function with no parameters,
+and a key. The key length must be the same as originally decided via your choice
+of malloc function. All other parameters are reset to their default values. The
+original call to malloc MUST have set digest_length to the default value. The
+behavior is unspecified if you violate this precondition.
+*/
+void Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_reset_with_key(Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_state_t *s, uint8_t *k)
+{
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_index idx = index_of_state(s);
+  uint8_t salt[8U] = { 0U };
+  uint8_t personal[8U] = { 0U };
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_blake2_params
+  p =
+    {
+      .digest_length = idx.digest_length, .key_length = idx.key_length, .fanout = 1U, .depth = 1U,
+      .leaf_length = 0U, .node_offset = 0ULL, .node_depth = 0U, .inner_length = 0U, .salt = salt,
+      .personal = personal
+    };
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_blake2_params p0 = p;
+  reset_raw(s, ((Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_params_and_key){ .fst = &p0, .snd = k }));
+}
+
+/**
+ Specialized-purpose re-initialization function with no parameters
+and no key. This is what you want if you intend to use Blake2 as a hash
+function. The key length and digest length must have been set to their
+respective default values via your choice of malloc function (always true if you
+used `malloc`). All other parameters are reset to their default values. The
+behavior is unspecified if you violate this precondition.
+*/
+void Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_reset(Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_state_t *s)
+{
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_reset_with_key(s, NULL);
+}
+
+/**
+  Update function; 0 = success, 1 = max length exceeded
+*/
+Hacl_Streaming_Types_error_code
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_update(
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_state_t *state,
+  uint8_t *chunk,
+  uint32_t chunk_len
+)
+{
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_state_t s = *state;
+  uint64_t total_len = s.total_len;
+  if ((uint64_t)chunk_len > 0xffffffffffffffffULL - total_len)
+  {
+    return Hacl_Streaming_Types_MaximumLengthExceeded;
+  }
+  uint32_t sz;
+  if (total_len % (uint64_t)64U == 0ULL && total_len > 0ULL)
+  {
+    sz = 64U;
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    sz = (uint32_t)(total_len % (uint64_t)64U);
+  }
+  if (chunk_len <= 64U - sz)
+  {
+    Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_state_t s1 = *state;
+    Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_block_state_t block_state1 = s1.block_state;
+    uint8_t *buf = s1.buf;
+    uint64_t total_len1 = s1.total_len;
+    uint32_t sz1;
+    if (total_len1 % (uint64_t)64U == 0ULL && total_len1 > 0ULL)
+    {
+      sz1 = 64U;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      sz1 = (uint32_t)(total_len1 % (uint64_t)64U);
+    }
+    uint8_t *buf2 = buf + sz1;
+    memcpy(buf2, chunk, chunk_len * sizeof (uint8_t));
+    uint64_t total_len2 = total_len1 + (uint64_t)chunk_len;
+    *state
+    =
+      (
+        (Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_state_t){
+          .block_state = block_state1,
+          .buf = buf,
+          .total_len = total_len2
+        }
+      );
+  }
+  else if (sz == 0U)
+  {
+    Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_state_t s1 = *state;
+    Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_block_state_t block_state1 = s1.block_state;
+    uint8_t *buf = s1.buf;
+    uint64_t total_len1 = s1.total_len;
+    uint32_t sz1;
+    if (total_len1 % (uint64_t)64U == 0ULL && total_len1 > 0ULL)
+    {
+      sz1 = 64U;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      sz1 = (uint32_t)(total_len1 % (uint64_t)64U);
+    }
+    if (!(sz1 == 0U))
+    {
+      uint64_t prevlen = total_len1 - (uint64_t)sz1;
+      K____Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128___Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_ acc = block_state1.f3;
+      Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *wv = acc.fst;
+      Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *hash = acc.snd;
+      uint32_t nb = 1U;
+      Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_update_multi(64U, wv, hash, prevlen, buf, nb);
+    }
+    uint32_t ite;
+    if ((uint64_t)chunk_len % (uint64_t)64U == 0ULL && (uint64_t)chunk_len > 0ULL)
+    {
+      ite = 64U;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      ite = (uint32_t)((uint64_t)chunk_len % (uint64_t)64U);
+    }
+    uint32_t n_blocks = (chunk_len - ite) / 64U;
+    uint32_t data1_len = n_blocks * 64U;
+    uint32_t data2_len = chunk_len - data1_len;
+    uint8_t *data1 = chunk;
+    uint8_t *data2 = chunk + data1_len;
+    K____Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128___Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_ acc = block_state1.f3;
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *wv = acc.fst;
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *hash = acc.snd;
+    uint32_t nb = data1_len / 64U;
+    Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_update_multi(data1_len, wv, hash, total_len1, data1, nb);
+    uint8_t *dst = buf;
+    memcpy(dst, data2, data2_len * sizeof (uint8_t));
+    *state
+    =
+      (
+        (Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_state_t){
+          .block_state = block_state1,
+          .buf = buf,
+          .total_len = total_len1 + (uint64_t)chunk_len
+        }
+      );
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    uint32_t diff = 64U - sz;
+    uint8_t *chunk1 = chunk;
+    uint8_t *chunk2 = chunk + diff;
+    Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_state_t s1 = *state;
+    Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_block_state_t block_state10 = s1.block_state;
+    uint8_t *buf0 = s1.buf;
+    uint64_t total_len10 = s1.total_len;
+    uint32_t sz10;
+    if (total_len10 % (uint64_t)64U == 0ULL && total_len10 > 0ULL)
+    {
+      sz10 = 64U;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      sz10 = (uint32_t)(total_len10 % (uint64_t)64U);
+    }
+    uint8_t *buf2 = buf0 + sz10;
+    memcpy(buf2, chunk1, diff * sizeof (uint8_t));
+    uint64_t total_len2 = total_len10 + (uint64_t)diff;
+    *state
+    =
+      (
+        (Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_state_t){
+          .block_state = block_state10,
+          .buf = buf0,
+          .total_len = total_len2
+        }
+      );
+    Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_state_t s10 = *state;
+    Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_block_state_t block_state1 = s10.block_state;
+    uint8_t *buf = s10.buf;
+    uint64_t total_len1 = s10.total_len;
+    uint32_t sz1;
+    if (total_len1 % (uint64_t)64U == 0ULL && total_len1 > 0ULL)
+    {
+      sz1 = 64U;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      sz1 = (uint32_t)(total_len1 % (uint64_t)64U);
+    }
+    if (!(sz1 == 0U))
+    {
+      uint64_t prevlen = total_len1 - (uint64_t)sz1;
+      K____Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128___Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_ acc = block_state1.f3;
+      Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *wv = acc.fst;
+      Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *hash = acc.snd;
+      uint32_t nb = 1U;
+      Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_update_multi(64U, wv, hash, prevlen, buf, nb);
+    }
+    uint32_t ite;
+    if
+    ((uint64_t)(chunk_len - diff) % (uint64_t)64U == 0ULL && (uint64_t)(chunk_len - diff) > 0ULL)
+    {
+      ite = 64U;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      ite = (uint32_t)((uint64_t)(chunk_len - diff) % (uint64_t)64U);
+    }
+    uint32_t n_blocks = (chunk_len - diff - ite) / 64U;
+    uint32_t data1_len = n_blocks * 64U;
+    uint32_t data2_len = chunk_len - diff - data1_len;
+    uint8_t *data1 = chunk2;
+    uint8_t *data2 = chunk2 + data1_len;
+    K____Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128___Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_ acc = block_state1.f3;
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *wv = acc.fst;
+    Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *hash = acc.snd;
+    uint32_t nb = data1_len / 64U;
+    Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_update_multi(data1_len, wv, hash, total_len1, data1, nb);
+    uint8_t *dst = buf;
+    memcpy(dst, data2, data2_len * sizeof (uint8_t));
+    *state
+    =
+      (
+        (Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_state_t){
+          .block_state = block_state1,
+          .buf = buf,
+          .total_len = total_len1 + (uint64_t)(chunk_len - diff)
+        }
+      );
+  }
+  return Hacl_Streaming_Types_Success;
+}
+
+/**
+ Digest function. This function expects the `output` array to hold
+at least `digest_length` bytes, where `digest_length` was determined by your
+choice of `malloc` function. Concretely, if you used `malloc` or
+`malloc_with_key`, then the expected length is 128 for S, or 64 for B (default
+digest length). If you used `malloc_with_params_and_key`, then the expected
+length is whatever you chose for the `digest_length` field of your parameters.
+For convenience, this function returns `digest_length`. When in doubt, callers
+can pass an array of size HACL_BLAKE2S_128_OUT_BYTES, then use the return value
+to see how many bytes were actually written.
+*/
+uint8_t Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_digest(Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_state_t *s, uint8_t *dst)
+{
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_block_state_t block_state0 = (*s).block_state;
+  bool last_node0 = block_state0.thd;
+  uint8_t nn0 = block_state0.snd;
+  uint8_t kk0 = block_state0.fst;
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_index
+  i1 = { .key_length = kk0, .digest_length = nn0, .last_node = last_node0 };
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_state_t scrut = *s;
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_block_state_t block_state = scrut.block_state;
+  uint8_t *buf_ = scrut.buf;
+  uint64_t total_len = scrut.total_len;
+  uint32_t r;
+  if (total_len % (uint64_t)64U == 0ULL && total_len > 0ULL)
+  {
+    r = 64U;
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    r = (uint32_t)(total_len % (uint64_t)64U);
+  }
+  uint8_t *buf_1 = buf_;
+  KRML_PRE_ALIGN(16) Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 wv0[4U] KRML_POST_ALIGN(16) = { 0U };
+  KRML_PRE_ALIGN(16) Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 b[4U] KRML_POST_ALIGN(16) = { 0U };
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_block_state_t
+  tmp_block_state =
+    {
+      .fst = i1.key_length,
+      .snd = i1.digest_length,
+      .thd = i1.last_node,
+      .f3 = { .fst = wv0, .snd = b }
+    };
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *src_b = block_state.f3.snd;
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *dst_b = tmp_block_state.f3.snd;
+  memcpy(dst_b, src_b, 4U * sizeof (Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128));
+  uint64_t prev_len = total_len - (uint64_t)r;
+  uint32_t ite;
+  if (r % 64U == 0U && r > 0U)
+  {
+    ite = 64U;
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    ite = r % 64U;
+  }
+  uint8_t *buf_last = buf_1 + r - ite;
+  uint8_t *buf_multi = buf_1;
+  K____Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128___Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_
+  acc0 = tmp_block_state.f3;
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *wv1 = acc0.fst;
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *hash0 = acc0.snd;
+  uint32_t nb = 0U;
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_update_multi(0U, wv1, hash0, prev_len, buf_multi, nb);
+  uint64_t prev_len_last = total_len - (uint64_t)r;
+  K____Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128___Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_
+  acc = tmp_block_state.f3;
+  bool last_node1 = tmp_block_state.thd;
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *wv = acc.fst;
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *hash = acc.snd;
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_update_last(r, wv, hash, last_node1, prev_len_last, r, buf_last);
+  uint8_t nn1 = tmp_block_state.snd;
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_finish((uint32_t)nn1, dst, tmp_block_state.f3.snd);
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_block_state_t block_state1 = (*s).block_state;
+  bool last_node = block_state1.thd;
+  uint8_t nn = block_state1.snd;
+  uint8_t kk = block_state1.fst;
+  return
+    ((Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_index){ .key_length = kk, .digest_length = nn, .last_node = last_node }).digest_length;
+}
+
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_index Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_info(Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_state_t *s)
+{
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_block_state_t block_state = (*s).block_state;
+  bool last_node = block_state.thd;
+  uint8_t nn = block_state.snd;
+  uint8_t kk = block_state.fst;
+  return
+    ((Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_index){ .key_length = kk, .digest_length = nn, .last_node = last_node });
+}
+
+/**
+  Free state function when there is no key
+*/
+void Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_free(Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_state_t *state)
+{
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_state_t scrut = *state;
+  uint8_t *buf = scrut.buf;
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_block_state_t block_state = scrut.block_state;
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *b = block_state.f3.snd;
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *wv = block_state.f3.fst;
+  KRML_ALIGNED_FREE(wv);
+  KRML_ALIGNED_FREE(b);
+  KRML_HOST_FREE(buf);
+  KRML_HOST_FREE(state);
+}
+
+/**
+  Copying. This preserves all parameters.
+*/
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_state_t
+*Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_copy(Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_state_t *state)
+{
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_state_t scrut = *state;
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_block_state_t block_state0 = scrut.block_state;
+  uint8_t *buf0 = scrut.buf;
+  uint64_t total_len0 = scrut.total_len;
+  bool last_node = block_state0.thd;
+  uint8_t nn = block_state0.snd;
+  uint8_t kk1 = block_state0.fst;
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_index i = { .key_length = kk1, .digest_length = nn, .last_node = last_node };
+  uint8_t *buf = (uint8_t *)KRML_HOST_CALLOC(64U, sizeof (uint8_t));
+  memcpy(buf, buf0, 64U * sizeof (uint8_t));
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128
+  *wv =
+    (Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *)KRML_ALIGNED_MALLOC(16,
+      sizeof (Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128) * 4U);
+  memset(wv, 0U, 4U * sizeof (Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128));
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128
+  *b =
+    (Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *)KRML_ALIGNED_MALLOC(16,
+      sizeof (Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128) * 4U);
+  memset(b, 0U, 4U * sizeof (Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128));
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_block_state_t
+  block_state =
+    {
+      .fst = i.key_length,
+      .snd = i.digest_length,
+      .thd = i.last_node,
+      .f3 = { .fst = wv, .snd = b }
+    };
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *src_b = block_state0.f3.snd;
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *dst_b = block_state.f3.snd;
+  memcpy(dst_b, src_b, 4U * sizeof (Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128));
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_state_t
+  s = { .block_state = block_state, .buf = buf, .total_len = total_len0 };
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_state_t
+  *p =
+    (Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_state_t *)KRML_HOST_MALLOC(sizeof (
+        Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_state_t
+      ));
+  p[0U] = s;
+  return p;
+}
+
+/**
+Write the BLAKE2s digest of message `input` using key `key` into `output`.
+
+@param output Pointer to `output_len` bytes of memory where the digest is written to.
+@param output_len Length of the to-be-generated digest with 1 <= `output_len` <= 64.
+@param input Pointer to `input_len` bytes of memory where the input message is read from.
+@param input_len Length of the input message.
+@param key Pointer to `key_len` bytes of memory where the key is read from.
+@param key_len Length of the key. Can be 0.
+*/
+void
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_hash_with_key(
+  uint8_t *output,
+  uint32_t output_len,
+  uint8_t *input,
+  uint32_t input_len,
+  uint8_t *key,
+  uint32_t key_len
+)
+{
+  KRML_PRE_ALIGN(16) Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 b[4U] KRML_POST_ALIGN(16) = { 0U };
+  KRML_PRE_ALIGN(16) Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 b1[4U] KRML_POST_ALIGN(16) = { 0U };
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_init(b, key_len, output_len);
+  update(b1, b, key_len, key, input_len, input);
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_finish(output_len, output, b);
+  Lib_Memzero0_memzero(b1, 4U, Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128, void *);
+  Lib_Memzero0_memzero(b, 4U, Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128, void *);
+}
+
+/**
+Write the BLAKE2s digest of message `input` using key `key` and
+parameters `params` into `output`. The `key` array must be of length
+`params.key_length`. The `output` array must be of length
+`params.digest_length`.
+*/
+void
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_hash_with_key_and_params(
+  uint8_t *output,
+  uint8_t *input,
+  uint32_t input_len,
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_blake2_params params,
+  uint8_t *key
+)
+{
+  KRML_PRE_ALIGN(16) Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 b[4U] KRML_POST_ALIGN(16) = { 0U };
+  KRML_PRE_ALIGN(16) Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 b1[4U] KRML_POST_ALIGN(16) = { 0U };
+  uint32_t tmp[8U] = { 0U };
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *r0 = b;
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *r1 = b + 1U;
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *r2 = b + 2U;
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *r3 = b + 3U;
+  uint32_t iv0 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_S[0U];
+  uint32_t iv1 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_S[1U];
+  uint32_t iv2 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_S[2U];
+  uint32_t iv3 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_S[3U];
+  uint32_t iv4 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_S[4U];
+  uint32_t iv5 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_S[5U];
+  uint32_t iv6 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_S[6U];
+  uint32_t iv7 = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_S[7U];
+  r2[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_load32s(iv0, iv1, iv2, iv3);
+  r3[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_load32s(iv4, iv5, iv6, iv7);
+  KRML_MAYBE_FOR2(i,
+    0U,
+    2U,
+    1U,
+    uint32_t *os = tmp + 4U;
+    uint8_t *bj = params.salt + i * 4U;
+    uint32_t u = load32_le(bj);
+    uint32_t r = u;
+    uint32_t x = r;
+    os[i] = x;);
+  KRML_MAYBE_FOR2(i,
+    0U,
+    2U,
+    1U,
+    uint32_t *os = tmp + 6U;
+    uint8_t *bj = params.personal + i * 4U;
+    uint32_t u = load32_le(bj);
+    uint32_t r = u;
+    uint32_t x = r;
+    os[i] = x;);
+  tmp[0U] =
+    (uint32_t)params.digest_length
+    ^
+      ((uint32_t)params.key_length
+      << 8U
+      ^ ((uint32_t)params.fanout << 16U ^ (uint32_t)params.depth << 24U));
+  tmp[1U] = params.leaf_length;
+  tmp[2U] = (uint32_t)params.node_offset;
+  tmp[3U] =
+    (uint32_t)(params.node_offset >> 32U)
+    ^ ((uint32_t)params.node_depth << 16U ^ (uint32_t)params.inner_length << 24U);
+  uint32_t tmp0 = tmp[0U];
+  uint32_t tmp1 = tmp[1U];
+  uint32_t tmp2 = tmp[2U];
+  uint32_t tmp3 = tmp[3U];
+  uint32_t tmp4 = tmp[4U];
+  uint32_t tmp5 = tmp[5U];
+  uint32_t tmp6 = tmp[6U];
+  uint32_t tmp7 = tmp[7U];
+  uint32_t iv0_ = iv0 ^ tmp0;
+  uint32_t iv1_ = iv1 ^ tmp1;
+  uint32_t iv2_ = iv2 ^ tmp2;
+  uint32_t iv3_ = iv3 ^ tmp3;
+  uint32_t iv4_ = iv4 ^ tmp4;
+  uint32_t iv5_ = iv5 ^ tmp5;
+  uint32_t iv6_ = iv6 ^ tmp6;
+  uint32_t iv7_ = iv7 ^ tmp7;
+  r0[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_load32s(iv0_, iv1_, iv2_, iv3_);
+  r1[0U] = Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_load32s(iv4_, iv5_, iv6_, iv7_);
+  update(b1, b, (uint32_t)params.key_length, key, input_len, input);
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_finish((uint32_t)params.digest_length, output, b);
+  Lib_Memzero0_memzero(b1, 4U, Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128, void *);
+  Lib_Memzero0_memzero(b, 4U, Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128, void *);
+}
+
diff --git a/Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128.h b/Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..cd1654c9726dc0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128.h
@@ -0,0 +1,230 @@
+/* MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 INRIA, CMU and Microsoft Corporation
+ * Copyright (c) 2022-2023 HACL* Contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+
+#ifndef __Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_H
+#define __Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_H
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus)
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include "python_hacl_namespaces.h"
+#include "krml/types.h"
+#include "krml/lowstar_endianness.h"
+#include "krml/internal/target.h"
+
+#include "Hacl_Streaming_Types.h"
+#include "Hacl_Hash_Blake2b.h"
+#include "libintvector.h"
+
+#define HACL_HASH_BLAKE2S_SIMD128_BLOCK_BYTES (64U)
+
+#define HACL_HASH_BLAKE2S_SIMD128_OUT_BYTES (32U)
+
+#define HACL_HASH_BLAKE2S_SIMD128_KEY_BYTES (32U)
+
+#define HACL_HASH_BLAKE2S_SIMD128_SALT_BYTES (8U)
+
+#define HACL_HASH_BLAKE2S_SIMD128_PERSONAL_BYTES (8U)
+
+typedef struct K____Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128___Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128__s
+{
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *fst;
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *snd;
+}
+K____Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128___Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_;
+
+typedef struct Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_block_state_t_s
+{
+  uint8_t fst;
+  uint8_t snd;
+  bool thd;
+  K____Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128___Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_ f3;
+}
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_block_state_t;
+
+typedef struct Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_state_t_s
+{
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_block_state_t block_state;
+  uint8_t *buf;
+  uint64_t total_len;
+}
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_state_t;
+
+/**
+ General-purpose allocation function that gives control over all
+Blake2 parameters, including the key. Further resettings of the state SHALL be
+done with `reset_with_params_and_key`, and SHALL feature the exact same values
+for the `key_length` and `digest_length` fields as passed here. In other words,
+once you commit to a digest and key length, the only way to change these
+parameters is to allocate a new object.
+
+The caller must satisfy the following requirements.
+- The length of the key k MUST match the value of the field key_length in the
+  parameters.
+- The key_length must not exceed 128 for S, 64 for B.
+- The digest_length must not exceed 128 for S, 64 for B.
+
+*/
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_state_t
+*Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_malloc_with_params_and_key(
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_blake2_params *p,
+  bool last_node,
+  uint8_t *k
+);
+
+/**
+ Specialized allocation function that picks default values for all
+parameters, except for the key_length. Further resettings of the state SHALL be
+done with `reset_with_key`, and SHALL feature the exact same key length `kk` as
+passed here. In other words, once you commit to a key length, the only way to
+change this parameter is to allocate a new object.
+
+The caller must satisfy the following requirements.
+- The key_length must not exceed 128 for S, 64 for B.
+
+*/
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_state_t
+*Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_malloc_with_key0(uint8_t *k, uint8_t kk);
+
+/**
+ Specialized allocation function that picks default values for all
+parameters, and has no key. Effectively, this is what you want if you intend to
+use Blake2 as a hash function. Further resettings of the state SHALL be done with `reset`.
+*/
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_state_t *Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_malloc(void);
+
+/**
+ General-purpose re-initialization function with parameters and
+key. You cannot change digest_length, key_length, or last_node, meaning those values in
+the parameters object must be the same as originally decided via one of the
+malloc functions. All other values of the parameter can be changed. The behavior
+is unspecified if you violate this precondition.
+*/
+void
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_reset_with_key_and_params(
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_state_t *s,
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_blake2_params *p,
+  uint8_t *k
+);
+
+/**
+ Specialized-purpose re-initialization function with no parameters,
+and a key. The key length must be the same as originally decided via your choice
+of malloc function. All other parameters are reset to their default values. The
+original call to malloc MUST have set digest_length to the default value. The
+behavior is unspecified if you violate this precondition.
+*/
+void
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_reset_with_key(Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_state_t *s, uint8_t *k);
+
+/**
+ Specialized-purpose re-initialization function with no parameters
+and no key. This is what you want if you intend to use Blake2 as a hash
+function. The key length and digest length must have been set to their
+respective default values via your choice of malloc function (always true if you
+used `malloc`). All other parameters are reset to their default values. The
+behavior is unspecified if you violate this precondition.
+*/
+void Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_reset(Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_state_t *s);
+
+/**
+  Update function; 0 = success, 1 = max length exceeded
+*/
+Hacl_Streaming_Types_error_code
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_update(
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_state_t *state,
+  uint8_t *chunk,
+  uint32_t chunk_len
+);
+
+/**
+ Digest function. This function expects the `output` array to hold
+at least `digest_length` bytes, where `digest_length` was determined by your
+choice of `malloc` function. Concretely, if you used `malloc` or
+`malloc_with_key`, then the expected length is 128 for S, or 64 for B (default
+digest length). If you used `malloc_with_params_and_key`, then the expected
+length is whatever you chose for the `digest_length` field of your parameters.
+For convenience, this function returns `digest_length`. When in doubt, callers
+can pass an array of size HACL_BLAKE2S_128_OUT_BYTES, then use the return value
+to see how many bytes were actually written.
+*/
+uint8_t Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_digest(Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_state_t *s, uint8_t *dst);
+
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_index Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_info(Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_state_t *s);
+
+/**
+  Free state function when there is no key
+*/
+void Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_free(Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_state_t *state);
+
+/**
+  Copying. This preserves all parameters.
+*/
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_state_t
+*Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_copy(Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_state_t *state);
+
+/**
+Write the BLAKE2s digest of message `input` using key `key` into `output`.
+
+@param output Pointer to `output_len` bytes of memory where the digest is written to.
+@param output_len Length of the to-be-generated digest with 1 <= `output_len` <= 64.
+@param input Pointer to `input_len` bytes of memory where the input message is read from.
+@param input_len Length of the input message.
+@param key Pointer to `key_len` bytes of memory where the key is read from.
+@param key_len Length of the key. Can be 0.
+*/
+void
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_hash_with_key(
+  uint8_t *output,
+  uint32_t output_len,
+  uint8_t *input,
+  uint32_t input_len,
+  uint8_t *key,
+  uint32_t key_len
+);
+
+/**
+Write the BLAKE2s digest of message `input` using key `key` and
+parameters `params` into `output`. The `key` array must be of length
+`params.key_length`. The `output` array must be of length
+`params.digest_length`.
+*/
+void
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_hash_with_key_and_params(
+  uint8_t *output,
+  uint8_t *input,
+  uint32_t input_len,
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_blake2_params params,
+  uint8_t *key
+);
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus)
+}
+#endif
+
+#define __Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_H_DEFINED
+#endif
diff --git a/Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_universal2.c b/Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_universal2.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..951306db494833
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_universal2.c
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// This file isn't part of a standard HACL source tree.
+//
+// It is required for compatibility with universal2 macOS builds. The code in
+// Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128.c will compile on macOS ARM64, but performance
+// isn't great, so it's disabled. However, because universal2 builds are
+// compiled in a single pass, autoconf detects that the required compiler
+// features *are* available, and tries to include this file.
+//
+// To compensate for this, autoconf will include *this* file instead of
+// Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128.c when compiling for universal. This allows the
+// underlying source code of HACL to remain unmodified.
+#if !(defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__arm64__))
+#include "Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128.c"
+#endif
diff --git a/Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_SHA3.c b/Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_SHA3.c
index 4f502866fe06bb..9cf5abb330b180 100644
--- a/Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_SHA3.c
+++ b/Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_SHA3.c
@@ -25,6 +25,151 @@
 
 #include "internal/Hacl_Hash_SHA3.h"
 
+const
+uint32_t
+Hacl_Hash_SHA3_keccak_rotc[24U] =
+  {
+    1U, 3U, 6U, 10U, 15U, 21U, 28U, 36U, 45U, 55U, 2U, 14U, 27U, 41U, 56U, 8U, 25U, 43U, 62U, 18U,
+    39U, 61U, 20U, 44U
+  };
+
+const
+uint32_t
+Hacl_Hash_SHA3_keccak_piln[24U] =
+  {
+    10U, 7U, 11U, 17U, 18U, 3U, 5U, 16U, 8U, 21U, 24U, 4U, 15U, 23U, 19U, 13U, 12U, 2U, 20U, 14U,
+    22U, 9U, 6U, 1U
+  };
+
+const
+uint64_t
+Hacl_Hash_SHA3_keccak_rndc[24U] =
+  {
+    0x0000000000000001ULL, 0x0000000000008082ULL, 0x800000000000808aULL, 0x8000000080008000ULL,
+    0x000000000000808bULL, 0x0000000080000001ULL, 0x8000000080008081ULL, 0x8000000000008009ULL,
+    0x000000000000008aULL, 0x0000000000000088ULL, 0x0000000080008009ULL, 0x000000008000000aULL,
+    0x000000008000808bULL, 0x800000000000008bULL, 0x8000000000008089ULL, 0x8000000000008003ULL,
+    0x8000000000008002ULL, 0x8000000000000080ULL, 0x000000000000800aULL, 0x800000008000000aULL,
+    0x8000000080008081ULL, 0x8000000000008080ULL, 0x0000000080000001ULL, 0x8000000080008008ULL
+  };
+
+static void absorb_inner_32(uint8_t *b, uint64_t *s)
+{
+  uint64_t ws[32U] = { 0U };
+  uint8_t *b1 = b;
+  uint64_t u = load64_le(b1);
+  ws[0U] = u;
+  uint64_t u0 = load64_le(b1 + 8U);
+  ws[1U] = u0;
+  uint64_t u1 = load64_le(b1 + 16U);
+  ws[2U] = u1;
+  uint64_t u2 = load64_le(b1 + 24U);
+  ws[3U] = u2;
+  uint64_t u3 = load64_le(b1 + 32U);
+  ws[4U] = u3;
+  uint64_t u4 = load64_le(b1 + 40U);
+  ws[5U] = u4;
+  uint64_t u5 = load64_le(b1 + 48U);
+  ws[6U] = u5;
+  uint64_t u6 = load64_le(b1 + 56U);
+  ws[7U] = u6;
+  uint64_t u7 = load64_le(b1 + 64U);
+  ws[8U] = u7;
+  uint64_t u8 = load64_le(b1 + 72U);
+  ws[9U] = u8;
+  uint64_t u9 = load64_le(b1 + 80U);
+  ws[10U] = u9;
+  uint64_t u10 = load64_le(b1 + 88U);
+  ws[11U] = u10;
+  uint64_t u11 = load64_le(b1 + 96U);
+  ws[12U] = u11;
+  uint64_t u12 = load64_le(b1 + 104U);
+  ws[13U] = u12;
+  uint64_t u13 = load64_le(b1 + 112U);
+  ws[14U] = u13;
+  uint64_t u14 = load64_le(b1 + 120U);
+  ws[15U] = u14;
+  uint64_t u15 = load64_le(b1 + 128U);
+  ws[16U] = u15;
+  uint64_t u16 = load64_le(b1 + 136U);
+  ws[17U] = u16;
+  uint64_t u17 = load64_le(b1 + 144U);
+  ws[18U] = u17;
+  uint64_t u18 = load64_le(b1 + 152U);
+  ws[19U] = u18;
+  uint64_t u19 = load64_le(b1 + 160U);
+  ws[20U] = u19;
+  uint64_t u20 = load64_le(b1 + 168U);
+  ws[21U] = u20;
+  uint64_t u21 = load64_le(b1 + 176U);
+  ws[22U] = u21;
+  uint64_t u22 = load64_le(b1 + 184U);
+  ws[23U] = u22;
+  uint64_t u23 = load64_le(b1 + 192U);
+  ws[24U] = u23;
+  uint64_t u24 = load64_le(b1 + 200U);
+  ws[25U] = u24;
+  uint64_t u25 = load64_le(b1 + 208U);
+  ws[26U] = u25;
+  uint64_t u26 = load64_le(b1 + 216U);
+  ws[27U] = u26;
+  uint64_t u27 = load64_le(b1 + 224U);
+  ws[28U] = u27;
+  uint64_t u28 = load64_le(b1 + 232U);
+  ws[29U] = u28;
+  uint64_t u29 = load64_le(b1 + 240U);
+  ws[30U] = u29;
+  uint64_t u30 = load64_le(b1 + 248U);
+  ws[31U] = u30;
+  for (uint32_t i = 0U; i < 25U; i++)
+  {
+    s[i] = s[i] ^ ws[i];
+  }
+  for (uint32_t i0 = 0U; i0 < 24U; i0++)
+  {
+    uint64_t _C[5U] = { 0U };
+    KRML_MAYBE_FOR5(i,
+      0U,
+      5U,
+      1U,
+      _C[i] = s[i + 0U] ^ (s[i + 5U] ^ (s[i + 10U] ^ (s[i + 15U] ^ s[i + 20U]))););
+    KRML_MAYBE_FOR5(i1,
+      0U,
+      5U,
+      1U,
+      uint64_t uu____0 = _C[(i1 + 1U) % 5U];
+      uint64_t _D = _C[(i1 + 4U) % 5U] ^ (uu____0 << 1U | uu____0 >> 63U);
+      KRML_MAYBE_FOR5(i, 0U, 5U, 1U, s[i1 + 5U * i] = s[i1 + 5U * i] ^ _D;););
+    uint64_t x = s[1U];
+    uint64_t current = x;
+    for (uint32_t i = 0U; i < 24U; i++)
+    {
+      uint32_t _Y = Hacl_Hash_SHA3_keccak_piln[i];
+      uint32_t r = Hacl_Hash_SHA3_keccak_rotc[i];
+      uint64_t temp = s[_Y];
+      uint64_t uu____1 = current;
+      s[_Y] = uu____1 << r | uu____1 >> (64U - r);
+      current = temp;
+    }
+    KRML_MAYBE_FOR5(i,
+      0U,
+      5U,
+      1U,
+      uint64_t v0 = s[0U + 5U * i] ^ (~s[1U + 5U * i] & s[2U + 5U * i]);
+      uint64_t v1 = s[1U + 5U * i] ^ (~s[2U + 5U * i] & s[3U + 5U * i]);
+      uint64_t v2 = s[2U + 5U * i] ^ (~s[3U + 5U * i] & s[4U + 5U * i]);
+      uint64_t v3 = s[3U + 5U * i] ^ (~s[4U + 5U * i] & s[0U + 5U * i]);
+      uint64_t v4 = s[4U + 5U * i] ^ (~s[0U + 5U * i] & s[1U + 5U * i]);
+      s[0U + 5U * i] = v0;
+      s[1U + 5U * i] = v1;
+      s[2U + 5U * i] = v2;
+      s[3U + 5U * i] = v3;
+      s[4U + 5U * i] = v4;);
+    uint64_t c = Hacl_Hash_SHA3_keccak_rndc[i0];
+    s[0U] = s[0U] ^ c;
+  }
+}
+
 static uint32_t block_len(Spec_Hash_Definitions_hash_alg a)
 {
   switch (a)
@@ -97,10 +242,17 @@ Hacl_Hash_SHA3_update_multi_sha3(
   uint32_t n_blocks
 )
 {
-  for (uint32_t i = 0U; i < n_blocks; i++)
+  uint32_t l = block_len(a) * n_blocks;
+  for (uint32_t i = 0U; i < l / block_len(a); i++)
   {
-    uint8_t *block = blocks + i * block_len(a);
-    Hacl_Hash_SHA3_absorb_inner(block_len(a), block, s);
+    uint8_t b[256U] = { 0U };
+    uint8_t *b_ = b;
+    uint8_t *b0 = blocks;
+    uint8_t *bl0 = b_;
+    uint8_t *uu____0 = b0 + i * block_len(a);
+    memcpy(bl0, uu____0, block_len(a) * sizeof (uint8_t));
+    block_len(a);
+    absorb_inner_32(b_, s);
   }
 }
 
@@ -124,37 +276,272 @@ Hacl_Hash_SHA3_update_last_sha3(
   uint32_t len = block_len(a);
   if (input_len == len)
   {
-    Hacl_Hash_SHA3_absorb_inner(len, input, s);
-    uint8_t lastBlock_[200U] = { 0U };
-    uint8_t *lastBlock = lastBlock_;
-    memcpy(lastBlock, input + input_len, 0U * sizeof (uint8_t));
-    lastBlock[0U] = suffix;
-    Hacl_Hash_SHA3_loadState(len, lastBlock, s);
-    if (!(((uint32_t)suffix & 0x80U) == 0U) && 0U == len - 1U)
-    {
-      Hacl_Hash_SHA3_state_permute(s);
-    }
-    uint8_t nextBlock_[200U] = { 0U };
-    uint8_t *nextBlock = nextBlock_;
-    nextBlock[len - 1U] = 0x80U;
-    Hacl_Hash_SHA3_loadState(len, nextBlock, s);
-    Hacl_Hash_SHA3_state_permute(s);
+    uint8_t b1[256U] = { 0U };
+    uint8_t *b_ = b1;
+    uint8_t *b00 = input;
+    uint8_t *bl00 = b_;
+    memcpy(bl00, b00 + 0U * len, len * sizeof (uint8_t));
+    absorb_inner_32(b_, s);
+    uint8_t b2[256U] = { 0U };
+    uint8_t *b_0 = b2;
+    uint32_t rem = 0U % len;
+    uint8_t *b01 = input + input_len;
+    uint8_t *bl0 = b_0;
+    memcpy(bl0, b01 + 0U - rem, rem * sizeof (uint8_t));
+    uint8_t *b02 = b_0;
+    b02[0U % len] = suffix;
+    uint64_t ws[32U] = { 0U };
+    uint8_t *b = b_0;
+    uint64_t u = load64_le(b);
+    ws[0U] = u;
+    uint64_t u0 = load64_le(b + 8U);
+    ws[1U] = u0;
+    uint64_t u1 = load64_le(b + 16U);
+    ws[2U] = u1;
+    uint64_t u2 = load64_le(b + 24U);
+    ws[3U] = u2;
+    uint64_t u3 = load64_le(b + 32U);
+    ws[4U] = u3;
+    uint64_t u4 = load64_le(b + 40U);
+    ws[5U] = u4;
+    uint64_t u5 = load64_le(b + 48U);
+    ws[6U] = u5;
+    uint64_t u6 = load64_le(b + 56U);
+    ws[7U] = u6;
+    uint64_t u7 = load64_le(b + 64U);
+    ws[8U] = u7;
+    uint64_t u8 = load64_le(b + 72U);
+    ws[9U] = u8;
+    uint64_t u9 = load64_le(b + 80U);
+    ws[10U] = u9;
+    uint64_t u10 = load64_le(b + 88U);
+    ws[11U] = u10;
+    uint64_t u11 = load64_le(b + 96U);
+    ws[12U] = u11;
+    uint64_t u12 = load64_le(b + 104U);
+    ws[13U] = u12;
+    uint64_t u13 = load64_le(b + 112U);
+    ws[14U] = u13;
+    uint64_t u14 = load64_le(b + 120U);
+    ws[15U] = u14;
+    uint64_t u15 = load64_le(b + 128U);
+    ws[16U] = u15;
+    uint64_t u16 = load64_le(b + 136U);
+    ws[17U] = u16;
+    uint64_t u17 = load64_le(b + 144U);
+    ws[18U] = u17;
+    uint64_t u18 = load64_le(b + 152U);
+    ws[19U] = u18;
+    uint64_t u19 = load64_le(b + 160U);
+    ws[20U] = u19;
+    uint64_t u20 = load64_le(b + 168U);
+    ws[21U] = u20;
+    uint64_t u21 = load64_le(b + 176U);
+    ws[22U] = u21;
+    uint64_t u22 = load64_le(b + 184U);
+    ws[23U] = u22;
+    uint64_t u23 = load64_le(b + 192U);
+    ws[24U] = u23;
+    uint64_t u24 = load64_le(b + 200U);
+    ws[25U] = u24;
+    uint64_t u25 = load64_le(b + 208U);
+    ws[26U] = u25;
+    uint64_t u26 = load64_le(b + 216U);
+    ws[27U] = u26;
+    uint64_t u27 = load64_le(b + 224U);
+    ws[28U] = u27;
+    uint64_t u28 = load64_le(b + 232U);
+    ws[29U] = u28;
+    uint64_t u29 = load64_le(b + 240U);
+    ws[30U] = u29;
+    uint64_t u30 = load64_le(b + 248U);
+    ws[31U] = u30;
+    for (uint32_t i = 0U; i < 25U; i++)
+    {
+      s[i] = s[i] ^ ws[i];
+    }
+    if (!(((uint32_t)suffix & 0x80U) == 0U) && 0U % len == len - 1U)
+    {
+      for (uint32_t i0 = 0U; i0 < 24U; i0++)
+      {
+        uint64_t _C[5U] = { 0U };
+        KRML_MAYBE_FOR5(i,
+          0U,
+          5U,
+          1U,
+          _C[i] = s[i + 0U] ^ (s[i + 5U] ^ (s[i + 10U] ^ (s[i + 15U] ^ s[i + 20U]))););
+        KRML_MAYBE_FOR5(i1,
+          0U,
+          5U,
+          1U,
+          uint64_t uu____0 = _C[(i1 + 1U) % 5U];
+          uint64_t _D = _C[(i1 + 4U) % 5U] ^ (uu____0 << 1U | uu____0 >> 63U);
+          KRML_MAYBE_FOR5(i, 0U, 5U, 1U, s[i1 + 5U * i] = s[i1 + 5U * i] ^ _D;););
+        uint64_t x = s[1U];
+        uint64_t current = x;
+        for (uint32_t i = 0U; i < 24U; i++)
+        {
+          uint32_t _Y = Hacl_Hash_SHA3_keccak_piln[i];
+          uint32_t r = Hacl_Hash_SHA3_keccak_rotc[i];
+          uint64_t temp = s[_Y];
+          uint64_t uu____1 = current;
+          s[_Y] = uu____1 << r | uu____1 >> (64U - r);
+          current = temp;
+        }
+        KRML_MAYBE_FOR5(i,
+          0U,
+          5U,
+          1U,
+          uint64_t v0 = s[0U + 5U * i] ^ (~s[1U + 5U * i] & s[2U + 5U * i]);
+          uint64_t v1 = s[1U + 5U * i] ^ (~s[2U + 5U * i] & s[3U + 5U * i]);
+          uint64_t v2 = s[2U + 5U * i] ^ (~s[3U + 5U * i] & s[4U + 5U * i]);
+          uint64_t v3 = s[3U + 5U * i] ^ (~s[4U + 5U * i] & s[0U + 5U * i]);
+          uint64_t v4 = s[4U + 5U * i] ^ (~s[0U + 5U * i] & s[1U + 5U * i]);
+          s[0U + 5U * i] = v0;
+          s[1U + 5U * i] = v1;
+          s[2U + 5U * i] = v2;
+          s[3U + 5U * i] = v3;
+          s[4U + 5U * i] = v4;);
+        uint64_t c = Hacl_Hash_SHA3_keccak_rndc[i0];
+        s[0U] = s[0U] ^ c;
+      }
+    }
+    uint8_t b3[256U] = { 0U };
+    uint8_t *b4 = b3;
+    uint8_t *b0 = b4;
+    b0[len - 1U] = 0x80U;
+    absorb_inner_32(b4, s);
     return;
   }
-  uint8_t lastBlock_[200U] = { 0U };
-  uint8_t *lastBlock = lastBlock_;
-  memcpy(lastBlock, input, input_len * sizeof (uint8_t));
-  lastBlock[input_len] = suffix;
-  Hacl_Hash_SHA3_loadState(len, lastBlock, s);
-  if (!(((uint32_t)suffix & 0x80U) == 0U) && input_len == len - 1U)
+  uint8_t b1[256U] = { 0U };
+  uint8_t *b_ = b1;
+  uint32_t rem = input_len % len;
+  uint8_t *b00 = input;
+  uint8_t *bl0 = b_;
+  memcpy(bl0, b00 + input_len - rem, rem * sizeof (uint8_t));
+  uint8_t *b01 = b_;
+  b01[input_len % len] = suffix;
+  uint64_t ws[32U] = { 0U };
+  uint8_t *b = b_;
+  uint64_t u = load64_le(b);
+  ws[0U] = u;
+  uint64_t u0 = load64_le(b + 8U);
+  ws[1U] = u0;
+  uint64_t u1 = load64_le(b + 16U);
+  ws[2U] = u1;
+  uint64_t u2 = load64_le(b + 24U);
+  ws[3U] = u2;
+  uint64_t u3 = load64_le(b + 32U);
+  ws[4U] = u3;
+  uint64_t u4 = load64_le(b + 40U);
+  ws[5U] = u4;
+  uint64_t u5 = load64_le(b + 48U);
+  ws[6U] = u5;
+  uint64_t u6 = load64_le(b + 56U);
+  ws[7U] = u6;
+  uint64_t u7 = load64_le(b + 64U);
+  ws[8U] = u7;
+  uint64_t u8 = load64_le(b + 72U);
+  ws[9U] = u8;
+  uint64_t u9 = load64_le(b + 80U);
+  ws[10U] = u9;
+  uint64_t u10 = load64_le(b + 88U);
+  ws[11U] = u10;
+  uint64_t u11 = load64_le(b + 96U);
+  ws[12U] = u11;
+  uint64_t u12 = load64_le(b + 104U);
+  ws[13U] = u12;
+  uint64_t u13 = load64_le(b + 112U);
+  ws[14U] = u13;
+  uint64_t u14 = load64_le(b + 120U);
+  ws[15U] = u14;
+  uint64_t u15 = load64_le(b + 128U);
+  ws[16U] = u15;
+  uint64_t u16 = load64_le(b + 136U);
+  ws[17U] = u16;
+  uint64_t u17 = load64_le(b + 144U);
+  ws[18U] = u17;
+  uint64_t u18 = load64_le(b + 152U);
+  ws[19U] = u18;
+  uint64_t u19 = load64_le(b + 160U);
+  ws[20U] = u19;
+  uint64_t u20 = load64_le(b + 168U);
+  ws[21U] = u20;
+  uint64_t u21 = load64_le(b + 176U);
+  ws[22U] = u21;
+  uint64_t u22 = load64_le(b + 184U);
+  ws[23U] = u22;
+  uint64_t u23 = load64_le(b + 192U);
+  ws[24U] = u23;
+  uint64_t u24 = load64_le(b + 200U);
+  ws[25U] = u24;
+  uint64_t u25 = load64_le(b + 208U);
+  ws[26U] = u25;
+  uint64_t u26 = load64_le(b + 216U);
+  ws[27U] = u26;
+  uint64_t u27 = load64_le(b + 224U);
+  ws[28U] = u27;
+  uint64_t u28 = load64_le(b + 232U);
+  ws[29U] = u28;
+  uint64_t u29 = load64_le(b + 240U);
+  ws[30U] = u29;
+  uint64_t u30 = load64_le(b + 248U);
+  ws[31U] = u30;
+  for (uint32_t i = 0U; i < 25U; i++)
+  {
+    s[i] = s[i] ^ ws[i];
+  }
+  if (!(((uint32_t)suffix & 0x80U) == 0U) && input_len % len == len - 1U)
   {
-    Hacl_Hash_SHA3_state_permute(s);
+    for (uint32_t i0 = 0U; i0 < 24U; i0++)
+    {
+      uint64_t _C[5U] = { 0U };
+      KRML_MAYBE_FOR5(i,
+        0U,
+        5U,
+        1U,
+        _C[i] = s[i + 0U] ^ (s[i + 5U] ^ (s[i + 10U] ^ (s[i + 15U] ^ s[i + 20U]))););
+      KRML_MAYBE_FOR5(i1,
+        0U,
+        5U,
+        1U,
+        uint64_t uu____2 = _C[(i1 + 1U) % 5U];
+        uint64_t _D = _C[(i1 + 4U) % 5U] ^ (uu____2 << 1U | uu____2 >> 63U);
+        KRML_MAYBE_FOR5(i, 0U, 5U, 1U, s[i1 + 5U * i] = s[i1 + 5U * i] ^ _D;););
+      uint64_t x = s[1U];
+      uint64_t current = x;
+      for (uint32_t i = 0U; i < 24U; i++)
+      {
+        uint32_t _Y = Hacl_Hash_SHA3_keccak_piln[i];
+        uint32_t r = Hacl_Hash_SHA3_keccak_rotc[i];
+        uint64_t temp = s[_Y];
+        uint64_t uu____3 = current;
+        s[_Y] = uu____3 << r | uu____3 >> (64U - r);
+        current = temp;
+      }
+      KRML_MAYBE_FOR5(i,
+        0U,
+        5U,
+        1U,
+        uint64_t v0 = s[0U + 5U * i] ^ (~s[1U + 5U * i] & s[2U + 5U * i]);
+        uint64_t v1 = s[1U + 5U * i] ^ (~s[2U + 5U * i] & s[3U + 5U * i]);
+        uint64_t v2 = s[2U + 5U * i] ^ (~s[3U + 5U * i] & s[4U + 5U * i]);
+        uint64_t v3 = s[3U + 5U * i] ^ (~s[4U + 5U * i] & s[0U + 5U * i]);
+        uint64_t v4 = s[4U + 5U * i] ^ (~s[0U + 5U * i] & s[1U + 5U * i]);
+        s[0U + 5U * i] = v0;
+        s[1U + 5U * i] = v1;
+        s[2U + 5U * i] = v2;
+        s[3U + 5U * i] = v3;
+        s[4U + 5U * i] = v4;);
+      uint64_t c = Hacl_Hash_SHA3_keccak_rndc[i0];
+      s[0U] = s[0U] ^ c;
+    }
   }
-  uint8_t nextBlock_[200U] = { 0U };
-  uint8_t *nextBlock = nextBlock_;
-  nextBlock[len - 1U] = 0x80U;
-  Hacl_Hash_SHA3_loadState(len, nextBlock, s);
-  Hacl_Hash_SHA3_state_permute(s);
+  uint8_t b2[256U] = { 0U };
+  uint8_t *b3 = b2;
+  uint8_t *b0 = b3;
+  b0[len - 1U] = 0x80U;
+  absorb_inner_32(b3, s);
 }
 
 typedef struct hash_buf2_s
@@ -463,10 +850,139 @@ digest_(
   uint64_t *s = tmp_block_state.snd;
   if (a11 == Spec_Hash_Definitions_Shake128 || a11 == Spec_Hash_Definitions_Shake256)
   {
-    Hacl_Hash_SHA3_squeeze0(s, block_len(a11), l, output);
+    for (uint32_t i0 = 0U; i0 < l / block_len(a11); i0++)
+    {
+      uint8_t hbuf[256U] = { 0U };
+      uint64_t ws[32U] = { 0U };
+      memcpy(ws, s, 25U * sizeof (uint64_t));
+      for (uint32_t i = 0U; i < 32U; i++)
+      {
+        store64_le(hbuf + i * 8U, ws[i]);
+      }
+      uint8_t *b0 = output;
+      uint8_t *uu____0 = hbuf;
+      memcpy(b0 + i0 * block_len(a11), uu____0, block_len(a11) * sizeof (uint8_t));
+      for (uint32_t i1 = 0U; i1 < 24U; i1++)
+      {
+        uint64_t _C[5U] = { 0U };
+        KRML_MAYBE_FOR5(i,
+          0U,
+          5U,
+          1U,
+          _C[i] = s[i + 0U] ^ (s[i + 5U] ^ (s[i + 10U] ^ (s[i + 15U] ^ s[i + 20U]))););
+        KRML_MAYBE_FOR5(i2,
+          0U,
+          5U,
+          1U,
+          uint64_t uu____1 = _C[(i2 + 1U) % 5U];
+          uint64_t _D = _C[(i2 + 4U) % 5U] ^ (uu____1 << 1U | uu____1 >> 63U);
+          KRML_MAYBE_FOR5(i, 0U, 5U, 1U, s[i2 + 5U * i] = s[i2 + 5U * i] ^ _D;););
+        uint64_t x = s[1U];
+        uint64_t current = x;
+        for (uint32_t i = 0U; i < 24U; i++)
+        {
+          uint32_t _Y = Hacl_Hash_SHA3_keccak_piln[i];
+          uint32_t r1 = Hacl_Hash_SHA3_keccak_rotc[i];
+          uint64_t temp = s[_Y];
+          uint64_t uu____2 = current;
+          s[_Y] = uu____2 << r1 | uu____2 >> (64U - r1);
+          current = temp;
+        }
+        KRML_MAYBE_FOR5(i,
+          0U,
+          5U,
+          1U,
+          uint64_t v0 = s[0U + 5U * i] ^ (~s[1U + 5U * i] & s[2U + 5U * i]);
+          uint64_t v1 = s[1U + 5U * i] ^ (~s[2U + 5U * i] & s[3U + 5U * i]);
+          uint64_t v2 = s[2U + 5U * i] ^ (~s[3U + 5U * i] & s[4U + 5U * i]);
+          uint64_t v3 = s[3U + 5U * i] ^ (~s[4U + 5U * i] & s[0U + 5U * i]);
+          uint64_t v4 = s[4U + 5U * i] ^ (~s[0U + 5U * i] & s[1U + 5U * i]);
+          s[0U + 5U * i] = v0;
+          s[1U + 5U * i] = v1;
+          s[2U + 5U * i] = v2;
+          s[3U + 5U * i] = v3;
+          s[4U + 5U * i] = v4;);
+        uint64_t c = Hacl_Hash_SHA3_keccak_rndc[i1];
+        s[0U] = s[0U] ^ c;
+      }
+    }
+    uint32_t remOut = l % block_len(a11);
+    uint8_t hbuf[256U] = { 0U };
+    uint64_t ws[32U] = { 0U };
+    memcpy(ws, s, 25U * sizeof (uint64_t));
+    for (uint32_t i = 0U; i < 32U; i++)
+    {
+      store64_le(hbuf + i * 8U, ws[i]);
+    }
+    memcpy(output + l - remOut, hbuf, remOut * sizeof (uint8_t));
     return;
   }
-  Hacl_Hash_SHA3_squeeze0(s, block_len(a11), hash_len(a11), output);
+  for (uint32_t i0 = 0U; i0 < hash_len(a11) / block_len(a11); i0++)
+  {
+    uint8_t hbuf[256U] = { 0U };
+    uint64_t ws[32U] = { 0U };
+    memcpy(ws, s, 25U * sizeof (uint64_t));
+    for (uint32_t i = 0U; i < 32U; i++)
+    {
+      store64_le(hbuf + i * 8U, ws[i]);
+    }
+    uint8_t *b0 = output;
+    uint8_t *uu____3 = hbuf;
+    memcpy(b0 + i0 * block_len(a11), uu____3, block_len(a11) * sizeof (uint8_t));
+    for (uint32_t i1 = 0U; i1 < 24U; i1++)
+    {
+      uint64_t _C[5U] = { 0U };
+      KRML_MAYBE_FOR5(i,
+        0U,
+        5U,
+        1U,
+        _C[i] = s[i + 0U] ^ (s[i + 5U] ^ (s[i + 10U] ^ (s[i + 15U] ^ s[i + 20U]))););
+      KRML_MAYBE_FOR5(i2,
+        0U,
+        5U,
+        1U,
+        uint64_t uu____4 = _C[(i2 + 1U) % 5U];
+        uint64_t _D = _C[(i2 + 4U) % 5U] ^ (uu____4 << 1U | uu____4 >> 63U);
+        KRML_MAYBE_FOR5(i, 0U, 5U, 1U, s[i2 + 5U * i] = s[i2 + 5U * i] ^ _D;););
+      uint64_t x = s[1U];
+      uint64_t current = x;
+      for (uint32_t i = 0U; i < 24U; i++)
+      {
+        uint32_t _Y = Hacl_Hash_SHA3_keccak_piln[i];
+        uint32_t r1 = Hacl_Hash_SHA3_keccak_rotc[i];
+        uint64_t temp = s[_Y];
+        uint64_t uu____5 = current;
+        s[_Y] = uu____5 << r1 | uu____5 >> (64U - r1);
+        current = temp;
+      }
+      KRML_MAYBE_FOR5(i,
+        0U,
+        5U,
+        1U,
+        uint64_t v0 = s[0U + 5U * i] ^ (~s[1U + 5U * i] & s[2U + 5U * i]);
+        uint64_t v1 = s[1U + 5U * i] ^ (~s[2U + 5U * i] & s[3U + 5U * i]);
+        uint64_t v2 = s[2U + 5U * i] ^ (~s[3U + 5U * i] & s[4U + 5U * i]);
+        uint64_t v3 = s[3U + 5U * i] ^ (~s[4U + 5U * i] & s[0U + 5U * i]);
+        uint64_t v4 = s[4U + 5U * i] ^ (~s[0U + 5U * i] & s[1U + 5U * i]);
+        s[0U + 5U * i] = v0;
+        s[1U + 5U * i] = v1;
+        s[2U + 5U * i] = v2;
+        s[3U + 5U * i] = v3;
+        s[4U + 5U * i] = v4;);
+      uint64_t c = Hacl_Hash_SHA3_keccak_rndc[i1];
+      s[0U] = s[0U] ^ c;
+    }
+  }
+  uint32_t remOut = hash_len(a11) % block_len(a11);
+  uint8_t hbuf[256U] = { 0U };
+  uint64_t ws[32U] = { 0U };
+  memcpy(ws, s, 25U * sizeof (uint64_t));
+  for (uint32_t i = 0U; i < 32U; i++)
+  {
+    store64_le(hbuf + i * 8U, ws[i]);
+  }
+  uint8_t *uu____6 = hbuf;
+  memcpy(output + hash_len(a11) - remOut, uu____6, remOut * sizeof (uint8_t));
 }
 
 Hacl_Streaming_Types_error_code
@@ -515,78 +1031,79 @@ bool Hacl_Hash_SHA3_is_shake(Hacl_Hash_SHA3_state_t *s)
   return uu____0 == Spec_Hash_Definitions_Shake128 || uu____0 == Spec_Hash_Definitions_Shake256;
 }
 
-void
-Hacl_Hash_SHA3_shake128_hacl(
-  uint32_t inputByteLen,
-  uint8_t *input,
-  uint32_t outputByteLen,
-  uint8_t *output
-)
-{
-  Hacl_Hash_SHA3_keccak(1344U, 256U, inputByteLen, input, 0x1FU, outputByteLen, output);
-}
-
-void
-Hacl_Hash_SHA3_shake256_hacl(
-  uint32_t inputByteLen,
-  uint8_t *input,
-  uint32_t outputByteLen,
-  uint8_t *output
-)
-{
-  Hacl_Hash_SHA3_keccak(1088U, 512U, inputByteLen, input, 0x1FU, outputByteLen, output);
-}
-
-void Hacl_Hash_SHA3_sha3_224(uint8_t *output, uint8_t *input, uint32_t input_len)
-{
-  Hacl_Hash_SHA3_keccak(1152U, 448U, input_len, input, 0x06U, 28U, output);
-}
-
-void Hacl_Hash_SHA3_sha3_256(uint8_t *output, uint8_t *input, uint32_t input_len)
+void Hacl_Hash_SHA3_absorb_inner_32(uint32_t rateInBytes, uint8_t *b, uint64_t *s)
 {
-  Hacl_Hash_SHA3_keccak(1088U, 512U, input_len, input, 0x06U, 32U, output);
-}
-
-void Hacl_Hash_SHA3_sha3_384(uint8_t *output, uint8_t *input, uint32_t input_len)
-{
-  Hacl_Hash_SHA3_keccak(832U, 768U, input_len, input, 0x06U, 48U, output);
-}
-
-void Hacl_Hash_SHA3_sha3_512(uint8_t *output, uint8_t *input, uint32_t input_len)
-{
-  Hacl_Hash_SHA3_keccak(576U, 1024U, input_len, input, 0x06U, 64U, output);
-}
-
-static const
-uint32_t
-keccak_rotc[24U] =
-  {
-    1U, 3U, 6U, 10U, 15U, 21U, 28U, 36U, 45U, 55U, 2U, 14U, 27U, 41U, 56U, 8U, 25U, 43U, 62U, 18U,
-    39U, 61U, 20U, 44U
-  };
-
-static const
-uint32_t
-keccak_piln[24U] =
-  {
-    10U, 7U, 11U, 17U, 18U, 3U, 5U, 16U, 8U, 21U, 24U, 4U, 15U, 23U, 19U, 13U, 12U, 2U, 20U, 14U,
-    22U, 9U, 6U, 1U
-  };
-
-static const
-uint64_t
-keccak_rndc[24U] =
+  KRML_MAYBE_UNUSED_VAR(rateInBytes);
+  uint64_t ws[32U] = { 0U };
+  uint8_t *b1 = b;
+  uint64_t u = load64_le(b1);
+  ws[0U] = u;
+  uint64_t u0 = load64_le(b1 + 8U);
+  ws[1U] = u0;
+  uint64_t u1 = load64_le(b1 + 16U);
+  ws[2U] = u1;
+  uint64_t u2 = load64_le(b1 + 24U);
+  ws[3U] = u2;
+  uint64_t u3 = load64_le(b1 + 32U);
+  ws[4U] = u3;
+  uint64_t u4 = load64_le(b1 + 40U);
+  ws[5U] = u4;
+  uint64_t u5 = load64_le(b1 + 48U);
+  ws[6U] = u5;
+  uint64_t u6 = load64_le(b1 + 56U);
+  ws[7U] = u6;
+  uint64_t u7 = load64_le(b1 + 64U);
+  ws[8U] = u7;
+  uint64_t u8 = load64_le(b1 + 72U);
+  ws[9U] = u8;
+  uint64_t u9 = load64_le(b1 + 80U);
+  ws[10U] = u9;
+  uint64_t u10 = load64_le(b1 + 88U);
+  ws[11U] = u10;
+  uint64_t u11 = load64_le(b1 + 96U);
+  ws[12U] = u11;
+  uint64_t u12 = load64_le(b1 + 104U);
+  ws[13U] = u12;
+  uint64_t u13 = load64_le(b1 + 112U);
+  ws[14U] = u13;
+  uint64_t u14 = load64_le(b1 + 120U);
+  ws[15U] = u14;
+  uint64_t u15 = load64_le(b1 + 128U);
+  ws[16U] = u15;
+  uint64_t u16 = load64_le(b1 + 136U);
+  ws[17U] = u16;
+  uint64_t u17 = load64_le(b1 + 144U);
+  ws[18U] = u17;
+  uint64_t u18 = load64_le(b1 + 152U);
+  ws[19U] = u18;
+  uint64_t u19 = load64_le(b1 + 160U);
+  ws[20U] = u19;
+  uint64_t u20 = load64_le(b1 + 168U);
+  ws[21U] = u20;
+  uint64_t u21 = load64_le(b1 + 176U);
+  ws[22U] = u21;
+  uint64_t u22 = load64_le(b1 + 184U);
+  ws[23U] = u22;
+  uint64_t u23 = load64_le(b1 + 192U);
+  ws[24U] = u23;
+  uint64_t u24 = load64_le(b1 + 200U);
+  ws[25U] = u24;
+  uint64_t u25 = load64_le(b1 + 208U);
+  ws[26U] = u25;
+  uint64_t u26 = load64_le(b1 + 216U);
+  ws[27U] = u26;
+  uint64_t u27 = load64_le(b1 + 224U);
+  ws[28U] = u27;
+  uint64_t u28 = load64_le(b1 + 232U);
+  ws[29U] = u28;
+  uint64_t u29 = load64_le(b1 + 240U);
+  ws[30U] = u29;
+  uint64_t u30 = load64_le(b1 + 248U);
+  ws[31U] = u30;
+  for (uint32_t i = 0U; i < 25U; i++)
   {
-    0x0000000000000001ULL, 0x0000000000008082ULL, 0x800000000000808aULL, 0x8000000080008000ULL,
-    0x000000000000808bULL, 0x0000000080000001ULL, 0x8000000080008081ULL, 0x8000000000008009ULL,
-    0x000000000000008aULL, 0x0000000000000088ULL, 0x0000000080008009ULL, 0x000000008000000aULL,
-    0x000000008000808bULL, 0x800000000000008bULL, 0x8000000000008089ULL, 0x8000000000008003ULL,
-    0x8000000000008002ULL, 0x8000000000000080ULL, 0x000000000000800aULL, 0x800000008000000aULL,
-    0x8000000080008081ULL, 0x8000000000008080ULL, 0x0000000080000001ULL, 0x8000000080008008ULL
-  };
-
-void Hacl_Hash_SHA3_state_permute(uint64_t *s)
-{
+    s[i] = s[i] ^ ws[i];
+  }
   for (uint32_t i0 = 0U; i0 < 24U; i0++)
   {
     uint64_t _C[5U] = { 0U };
@@ -606,8 +1123,8 @@ void Hacl_Hash_SHA3_state_permute(uint64_t *s)
     uint64_t current = x;
     for (uint32_t i = 0U; i < 24U; i++)
     {
-      uint32_t _Y = keccak_piln[i];
-      uint32_t r = keccak_rotc[i];
+      uint32_t _Y = Hacl_Hash_SHA3_keccak_piln[i];
+      uint32_t r = Hacl_Hash_SHA3_keccak_rotc[i];
       uint64_t temp = s[_Y];
       uint64_t uu____1 = current;
       s[_Y] = uu____1 << r | uu____1 >> (64U - r);
@@ -627,108 +1144,1227 @@ void Hacl_Hash_SHA3_state_permute(uint64_t *s)
       s[2U + 5U * i] = v2;
       s[3U + 5U * i] = v3;
       s[4U + 5U * i] = v4;);
-    uint64_t c = keccak_rndc[i0];
+    uint64_t c = Hacl_Hash_SHA3_keccak_rndc[i0];
     s[0U] = s[0U] ^ c;
   }
 }
 
-void Hacl_Hash_SHA3_loadState(uint32_t rateInBytes, uint8_t *input, uint64_t *s)
+void
+Hacl_Hash_SHA3_shake128(
+  uint8_t *output,
+  uint32_t outputByteLen,
+  uint8_t *input,
+  uint32_t inputByteLen
+)
 {
-  uint8_t block[200U] = { 0U };
-  memcpy(block, input, rateInBytes * sizeof (uint8_t));
+  uint8_t *ib = input;
+  uint8_t *rb = output;
+  uint64_t s[25U] = { 0U };
+  uint32_t rateInBytes1 = 168U;
+  for (uint32_t i = 0U; i < inputByteLen / rateInBytes1; i++)
+  {
+    uint8_t b[256U] = { 0U };
+    uint8_t *b_ = b;
+    uint8_t *b0 = ib;
+    uint8_t *bl0 = b_;
+    memcpy(bl0, b0 + i * rateInBytes1, rateInBytes1 * sizeof (uint8_t));
+    Hacl_Hash_SHA3_absorb_inner_32(rateInBytes1, b_, s);
+  }
+  uint8_t b1[256U] = { 0U };
+  uint8_t *b_ = b1;
+  uint32_t rem = inputByteLen % rateInBytes1;
+  uint8_t *b00 = ib;
+  uint8_t *bl0 = b_;
+  memcpy(bl0, b00 + inputByteLen - rem, rem * sizeof (uint8_t));
+  uint8_t *b01 = b_;
+  b01[inputByteLen % rateInBytes1] = 0x1FU;
+  uint64_t ws0[32U] = { 0U };
+  uint8_t *b = b_;
+  uint64_t u = load64_le(b);
+  ws0[0U] = u;
+  uint64_t u0 = load64_le(b + 8U);
+  ws0[1U] = u0;
+  uint64_t u1 = load64_le(b + 16U);
+  ws0[2U] = u1;
+  uint64_t u2 = load64_le(b + 24U);
+  ws0[3U] = u2;
+  uint64_t u3 = load64_le(b + 32U);
+  ws0[4U] = u3;
+  uint64_t u4 = load64_le(b + 40U);
+  ws0[5U] = u4;
+  uint64_t u5 = load64_le(b + 48U);
+  ws0[6U] = u5;
+  uint64_t u6 = load64_le(b + 56U);
+  ws0[7U] = u6;
+  uint64_t u7 = load64_le(b + 64U);
+  ws0[8U] = u7;
+  uint64_t u8 = load64_le(b + 72U);
+  ws0[9U] = u8;
+  uint64_t u9 = load64_le(b + 80U);
+  ws0[10U] = u9;
+  uint64_t u10 = load64_le(b + 88U);
+  ws0[11U] = u10;
+  uint64_t u11 = load64_le(b + 96U);
+  ws0[12U] = u11;
+  uint64_t u12 = load64_le(b + 104U);
+  ws0[13U] = u12;
+  uint64_t u13 = load64_le(b + 112U);
+  ws0[14U] = u13;
+  uint64_t u14 = load64_le(b + 120U);
+  ws0[15U] = u14;
+  uint64_t u15 = load64_le(b + 128U);
+  ws0[16U] = u15;
+  uint64_t u16 = load64_le(b + 136U);
+  ws0[17U] = u16;
+  uint64_t u17 = load64_le(b + 144U);
+  ws0[18U] = u17;
+  uint64_t u18 = load64_le(b + 152U);
+  ws0[19U] = u18;
+  uint64_t u19 = load64_le(b + 160U);
+  ws0[20U] = u19;
+  uint64_t u20 = load64_le(b + 168U);
+  ws0[21U] = u20;
+  uint64_t u21 = load64_le(b + 176U);
+  ws0[22U] = u21;
+  uint64_t u22 = load64_le(b + 184U);
+  ws0[23U] = u22;
+  uint64_t u23 = load64_le(b + 192U);
+  ws0[24U] = u23;
+  uint64_t u24 = load64_le(b + 200U);
+  ws0[25U] = u24;
+  uint64_t u25 = load64_le(b + 208U);
+  ws0[26U] = u25;
+  uint64_t u26 = load64_le(b + 216U);
+  ws0[27U] = u26;
+  uint64_t u27 = load64_le(b + 224U);
+  ws0[28U] = u27;
+  uint64_t u28 = load64_le(b + 232U);
+  ws0[29U] = u28;
+  uint64_t u29 = load64_le(b + 240U);
+  ws0[30U] = u29;
+  uint64_t u30 = load64_le(b + 248U);
+  ws0[31U] = u30;
   for (uint32_t i = 0U; i < 25U; i++)
   {
-    uint64_t u = load64_le(block + i * 8U);
-    uint64_t x = u;
-    s[i] = s[i] ^ x;
+    s[i] = s[i] ^ ws0[i];
+  }
+  uint8_t b2[256U] = { 0U };
+  uint8_t *b3 = b2;
+  uint8_t *b0 = b3;
+  b0[rateInBytes1 - 1U] = 0x80U;
+  Hacl_Hash_SHA3_absorb_inner_32(rateInBytes1, b3, s);
+  for (uint32_t i0 = 0U; i0 < outputByteLen / rateInBytes1; i0++)
+  {
+    uint8_t hbuf[256U] = { 0U };
+    uint64_t ws[32U] = { 0U };
+    memcpy(ws, s, 25U * sizeof (uint64_t));
+    for (uint32_t i = 0U; i < 32U; i++)
+    {
+      store64_le(hbuf + i * 8U, ws[i]);
+    }
+    uint8_t *b02 = rb;
+    memcpy(b02 + i0 * rateInBytes1, hbuf, rateInBytes1 * sizeof (uint8_t));
+    for (uint32_t i1 = 0U; i1 < 24U; i1++)
+    {
+      uint64_t _C[5U] = { 0U };
+      KRML_MAYBE_FOR5(i,
+        0U,
+        5U,
+        1U,
+        _C[i] = s[i + 0U] ^ (s[i + 5U] ^ (s[i + 10U] ^ (s[i + 15U] ^ s[i + 20U]))););
+      KRML_MAYBE_FOR5(i2,
+        0U,
+        5U,
+        1U,
+        uint64_t uu____0 = _C[(i2 + 1U) % 5U];
+        uint64_t _D = _C[(i2 + 4U) % 5U] ^ (uu____0 << 1U | uu____0 >> 63U);
+        KRML_MAYBE_FOR5(i, 0U, 5U, 1U, s[i2 + 5U * i] = s[i2 + 5U * i] ^ _D;););
+      uint64_t x = s[1U];
+      uint64_t current = x;
+      for (uint32_t i = 0U; i < 24U; i++)
+      {
+        uint32_t _Y = Hacl_Hash_SHA3_keccak_piln[i];
+        uint32_t r = Hacl_Hash_SHA3_keccak_rotc[i];
+        uint64_t temp = s[_Y];
+        uint64_t uu____1 = current;
+        s[_Y] = uu____1 << r | uu____1 >> (64U - r);
+        current = temp;
+      }
+      KRML_MAYBE_FOR5(i,
+        0U,
+        5U,
+        1U,
+        uint64_t v0 = s[0U + 5U * i] ^ (~s[1U + 5U * i] & s[2U + 5U * i]);
+        uint64_t v1 = s[1U + 5U * i] ^ (~s[2U + 5U * i] & s[3U + 5U * i]);
+        uint64_t v2 = s[2U + 5U * i] ^ (~s[3U + 5U * i] & s[4U + 5U * i]);
+        uint64_t v3 = s[3U + 5U * i] ^ (~s[4U + 5U * i] & s[0U + 5U * i]);
+        uint64_t v4 = s[4U + 5U * i] ^ (~s[0U + 5U * i] & s[1U + 5U * i]);
+        s[0U + 5U * i] = v0;
+        s[1U + 5U * i] = v1;
+        s[2U + 5U * i] = v2;
+        s[3U + 5U * i] = v3;
+        s[4U + 5U * i] = v4;);
+      uint64_t c = Hacl_Hash_SHA3_keccak_rndc[i1];
+      s[0U] = s[0U] ^ c;
+    }
+  }
+  uint32_t remOut = outputByteLen % rateInBytes1;
+  uint8_t hbuf[256U] = { 0U };
+  uint64_t ws[32U] = { 0U };
+  memcpy(ws, s, 25U * sizeof (uint64_t));
+  for (uint32_t i = 0U; i < 32U; i++)
+  {
+    store64_le(hbuf + i * 8U, ws[i]);
   }
+  memcpy(rb + outputByteLen - remOut, hbuf, remOut * sizeof (uint8_t));
 }
 
-static void storeState(uint32_t rateInBytes, uint64_t *s, uint8_t *res)
+void
+Hacl_Hash_SHA3_shake256(
+  uint8_t *output,
+  uint32_t outputByteLen,
+  uint8_t *input,
+  uint32_t inputByteLen
+)
 {
-  uint8_t block[200U] = { 0U };
+  uint8_t *ib = input;
+  uint8_t *rb = output;
+  uint64_t s[25U] = { 0U };
+  uint32_t rateInBytes1 = 136U;
+  for (uint32_t i = 0U; i < inputByteLen / rateInBytes1; i++)
+  {
+    uint8_t b[256U] = { 0U };
+    uint8_t *b_ = b;
+    uint8_t *b0 = ib;
+    uint8_t *bl0 = b_;
+    memcpy(bl0, b0 + i * rateInBytes1, rateInBytes1 * sizeof (uint8_t));
+    Hacl_Hash_SHA3_absorb_inner_32(rateInBytes1, b_, s);
+  }
+  uint8_t b1[256U] = { 0U };
+  uint8_t *b_ = b1;
+  uint32_t rem = inputByteLen % rateInBytes1;
+  uint8_t *b00 = ib;
+  uint8_t *bl0 = b_;
+  memcpy(bl0, b00 + inputByteLen - rem, rem * sizeof (uint8_t));
+  uint8_t *b01 = b_;
+  b01[inputByteLen % rateInBytes1] = 0x1FU;
+  uint64_t ws0[32U] = { 0U };
+  uint8_t *b = b_;
+  uint64_t u = load64_le(b);
+  ws0[0U] = u;
+  uint64_t u0 = load64_le(b + 8U);
+  ws0[1U] = u0;
+  uint64_t u1 = load64_le(b + 16U);
+  ws0[2U] = u1;
+  uint64_t u2 = load64_le(b + 24U);
+  ws0[3U] = u2;
+  uint64_t u3 = load64_le(b + 32U);
+  ws0[4U] = u3;
+  uint64_t u4 = load64_le(b + 40U);
+  ws0[5U] = u4;
+  uint64_t u5 = load64_le(b + 48U);
+  ws0[6U] = u5;
+  uint64_t u6 = load64_le(b + 56U);
+  ws0[7U] = u6;
+  uint64_t u7 = load64_le(b + 64U);
+  ws0[8U] = u7;
+  uint64_t u8 = load64_le(b + 72U);
+  ws0[9U] = u8;
+  uint64_t u9 = load64_le(b + 80U);
+  ws0[10U] = u9;
+  uint64_t u10 = load64_le(b + 88U);
+  ws0[11U] = u10;
+  uint64_t u11 = load64_le(b + 96U);
+  ws0[12U] = u11;
+  uint64_t u12 = load64_le(b + 104U);
+  ws0[13U] = u12;
+  uint64_t u13 = load64_le(b + 112U);
+  ws0[14U] = u13;
+  uint64_t u14 = load64_le(b + 120U);
+  ws0[15U] = u14;
+  uint64_t u15 = load64_le(b + 128U);
+  ws0[16U] = u15;
+  uint64_t u16 = load64_le(b + 136U);
+  ws0[17U] = u16;
+  uint64_t u17 = load64_le(b + 144U);
+  ws0[18U] = u17;
+  uint64_t u18 = load64_le(b + 152U);
+  ws0[19U] = u18;
+  uint64_t u19 = load64_le(b + 160U);
+  ws0[20U] = u19;
+  uint64_t u20 = load64_le(b + 168U);
+  ws0[21U] = u20;
+  uint64_t u21 = load64_le(b + 176U);
+  ws0[22U] = u21;
+  uint64_t u22 = load64_le(b + 184U);
+  ws0[23U] = u22;
+  uint64_t u23 = load64_le(b + 192U);
+  ws0[24U] = u23;
+  uint64_t u24 = load64_le(b + 200U);
+  ws0[25U] = u24;
+  uint64_t u25 = load64_le(b + 208U);
+  ws0[26U] = u25;
+  uint64_t u26 = load64_le(b + 216U);
+  ws0[27U] = u26;
+  uint64_t u27 = load64_le(b + 224U);
+  ws0[28U] = u27;
+  uint64_t u28 = load64_le(b + 232U);
+  ws0[29U] = u28;
+  uint64_t u29 = load64_le(b + 240U);
+  ws0[30U] = u29;
+  uint64_t u30 = load64_le(b + 248U);
+  ws0[31U] = u30;
   for (uint32_t i = 0U; i < 25U; i++)
   {
-    uint64_t sj = s[i];
-    store64_le(block + i * 8U, sj);
+    s[i] = s[i] ^ ws0[i];
+  }
+  uint8_t b2[256U] = { 0U };
+  uint8_t *b3 = b2;
+  uint8_t *b0 = b3;
+  b0[rateInBytes1 - 1U] = 0x80U;
+  Hacl_Hash_SHA3_absorb_inner_32(rateInBytes1, b3, s);
+  for (uint32_t i0 = 0U; i0 < outputByteLen / rateInBytes1; i0++)
+  {
+    uint8_t hbuf[256U] = { 0U };
+    uint64_t ws[32U] = { 0U };
+    memcpy(ws, s, 25U * sizeof (uint64_t));
+    for (uint32_t i = 0U; i < 32U; i++)
+    {
+      store64_le(hbuf + i * 8U, ws[i]);
+    }
+    uint8_t *b02 = rb;
+    memcpy(b02 + i0 * rateInBytes1, hbuf, rateInBytes1 * sizeof (uint8_t));
+    for (uint32_t i1 = 0U; i1 < 24U; i1++)
+    {
+      uint64_t _C[5U] = { 0U };
+      KRML_MAYBE_FOR5(i,
+        0U,
+        5U,
+        1U,
+        _C[i] = s[i + 0U] ^ (s[i + 5U] ^ (s[i + 10U] ^ (s[i + 15U] ^ s[i + 20U]))););
+      KRML_MAYBE_FOR5(i2,
+        0U,
+        5U,
+        1U,
+        uint64_t uu____0 = _C[(i2 + 1U) % 5U];
+        uint64_t _D = _C[(i2 + 4U) % 5U] ^ (uu____0 << 1U | uu____0 >> 63U);
+        KRML_MAYBE_FOR5(i, 0U, 5U, 1U, s[i2 + 5U * i] = s[i2 + 5U * i] ^ _D;););
+      uint64_t x = s[1U];
+      uint64_t current = x;
+      for (uint32_t i = 0U; i < 24U; i++)
+      {
+        uint32_t _Y = Hacl_Hash_SHA3_keccak_piln[i];
+        uint32_t r = Hacl_Hash_SHA3_keccak_rotc[i];
+        uint64_t temp = s[_Y];
+        uint64_t uu____1 = current;
+        s[_Y] = uu____1 << r | uu____1 >> (64U - r);
+        current = temp;
+      }
+      KRML_MAYBE_FOR5(i,
+        0U,
+        5U,
+        1U,
+        uint64_t v0 = s[0U + 5U * i] ^ (~s[1U + 5U * i] & s[2U + 5U * i]);
+        uint64_t v1 = s[1U + 5U * i] ^ (~s[2U + 5U * i] & s[3U + 5U * i]);
+        uint64_t v2 = s[2U + 5U * i] ^ (~s[3U + 5U * i] & s[4U + 5U * i]);
+        uint64_t v3 = s[3U + 5U * i] ^ (~s[4U + 5U * i] & s[0U + 5U * i]);
+        uint64_t v4 = s[4U + 5U * i] ^ (~s[0U + 5U * i] & s[1U + 5U * i]);
+        s[0U + 5U * i] = v0;
+        s[1U + 5U * i] = v1;
+        s[2U + 5U * i] = v2;
+        s[3U + 5U * i] = v3;
+        s[4U + 5U * i] = v4;);
+      uint64_t c = Hacl_Hash_SHA3_keccak_rndc[i1];
+      s[0U] = s[0U] ^ c;
+    }
+  }
+  uint32_t remOut = outputByteLen % rateInBytes1;
+  uint8_t hbuf[256U] = { 0U };
+  uint64_t ws[32U] = { 0U };
+  memcpy(ws, s, 25U * sizeof (uint64_t));
+  for (uint32_t i = 0U; i < 32U; i++)
+  {
+    store64_le(hbuf + i * 8U, ws[i]);
   }
-  memcpy(res, block, rateInBytes * sizeof (uint8_t));
+  memcpy(rb + outputByteLen - remOut, hbuf, remOut * sizeof (uint8_t));
 }
 
-void Hacl_Hash_SHA3_absorb_inner(uint32_t rateInBytes, uint8_t *block, uint64_t *s)
+void Hacl_Hash_SHA3_sha3_224(uint8_t *output, uint8_t *input, uint32_t inputByteLen)
 {
-  Hacl_Hash_SHA3_loadState(rateInBytes, block, s);
-  Hacl_Hash_SHA3_state_permute(s);
+  uint8_t *ib = input;
+  uint8_t *rb = output;
+  uint64_t s[25U] = { 0U };
+  uint32_t rateInBytes1 = 144U;
+  for (uint32_t i = 0U; i < inputByteLen / rateInBytes1; i++)
+  {
+    uint8_t b[256U] = { 0U };
+    uint8_t *b_ = b;
+    uint8_t *b0 = ib;
+    uint8_t *bl0 = b_;
+    memcpy(bl0, b0 + i * rateInBytes1, rateInBytes1 * sizeof (uint8_t));
+    Hacl_Hash_SHA3_absorb_inner_32(rateInBytes1, b_, s);
+  }
+  uint8_t b1[256U] = { 0U };
+  uint8_t *b_ = b1;
+  uint32_t rem = inputByteLen % rateInBytes1;
+  uint8_t *b00 = ib;
+  uint8_t *bl0 = b_;
+  memcpy(bl0, b00 + inputByteLen - rem, rem * sizeof (uint8_t));
+  uint8_t *b01 = b_;
+  b01[inputByteLen % rateInBytes1] = 0x06U;
+  uint64_t ws0[32U] = { 0U };
+  uint8_t *b = b_;
+  uint64_t u = load64_le(b);
+  ws0[0U] = u;
+  uint64_t u0 = load64_le(b + 8U);
+  ws0[1U] = u0;
+  uint64_t u1 = load64_le(b + 16U);
+  ws0[2U] = u1;
+  uint64_t u2 = load64_le(b + 24U);
+  ws0[3U] = u2;
+  uint64_t u3 = load64_le(b + 32U);
+  ws0[4U] = u3;
+  uint64_t u4 = load64_le(b + 40U);
+  ws0[5U] = u4;
+  uint64_t u5 = load64_le(b + 48U);
+  ws0[6U] = u5;
+  uint64_t u6 = load64_le(b + 56U);
+  ws0[7U] = u6;
+  uint64_t u7 = load64_le(b + 64U);
+  ws0[8U] = u7;
+  uint64_t u8 = load64_le(b + 72U);
+  ws0[9U] = u8;
+  uint64_t u9 = load64_le(b + 80U);
+  ws0[10U] = u9;
+  uint64_t u10 = load64_le(b + 88U);
+  ws0[11U] = u10;
+  uint64_t u11 = load64_le(b + 96U);
+  ws0[12U] = u11;
+  uint64_t u12 = load64_le(b + 104U);
+  ws0[13U] = u12;
+  uint64_t u13 = load64_le(b + 112U);
+  ws0[14U] = u13;
+  uint64_t u14 = load64_le(b + 120U);
+  ws0[15U] = u14;
+  uint64_t u15 = load64_le(b + 128U);
+  ws0[16U] = u15;
+  uint64_t u16 = load64_le(b + 136U);
+  ws0[17U] = u16;
+  uint64_t u17 = load64_le(b + 144U);
+  ws0[18U] = u17;
+  uint64_t u18 = load64_le(b + 152U);
+  ws0[19U] = u18;
+  uint64_t u19 = load64_le(b + 160U);
+  ws0[20U] = u19;
+  uint64_t u20 = load64_le(b + 168U);
+  ws0[21U] = u20;
+  uint64_t u21 = load64_le(b + 176U);
+  ws0[22U] = u21;
+  uint64_t u22 = load64_le(b + 184U);
+  ws0[23U] = u22;
+  uint64_t u23 = load64_le(b + 192U);
+  ws0[24U] = u23;
+  uint64_t u24 = load64_le(b + 200U);
+  ws0[25U] = u24;
+  uint64_t u25 = load64_le(b + 208U);
+  ws0[26U] = u25;
+  uint64_t u26 = load64_le(b + 216U);
+  ws0[27U] = u26;
+  uint64_t u27 = load64_le(b + 224U);
+  ws0[28U] = u27;
+  uint64_t u28 = load64_le(b + 232U);
+  ws0[29U] = u28;
+  uint64_t u29 = load64_le(b + 240U);
+  ws0[30U] = u29;
+  uint64_t u30 = load64_le(b + 248U);
+  ws0[31U] = u30;
+  for (uint32_t i = 0U; i < 25U; i++)
+  {
+    s[i] = s[i] ^ ws0[i];
+  }
+  uint8_t b2[256U] = { 0U };
+  uint8_t *b3 = b2;
+  uint8_t *b0 = b3;
+  b0[rateInBytes1 - 1U] = 0x80U;
+  Hacl_Hash_SHA3_absorb_inner_32(rateInBytes1, b3, s);
+  for (uint32_t i0 = 0U; i0 < 28U / rateInBytes1; i0++)
+  {
+    uint8_t hbuf[256U] = { 0U };
+    uint64_t ws[32U] = { 0U };
+    memcpy(ws, s, 25U * sizeof (uint64_t));
+    for (uint32_t i = 0U; i < 32U; i++)
+    {
+      store64_le(hbuf + i * 8U, ws[i]);
+    }
+    uint8_t *b02 = rb;
+    memcpy(b02 + i0 * rateInBytes1, hbuf, rateInBytes1 * sizeof (uint8_t));
+    for (uint32_t i1 = 0U; i1 < 24U; i1++)
+    {
+      uint64_t _C[5U] = { 0U };
+      KRML_MAYBE_FOR5(i,
+        0U,
+        5U,
+        1U,
+        _C[i] = s[i + 0U] ^ (s[i + 5U] ^ (s[i + 10U] ^ (s[i + 15U] ^ s[i + 20U]))););
+      KRML_MAYBE_FOR5(i2,
+        0U,
+        5U,
+        1U,
+        uint64_t uu____0 = _C[(i2 + 1U) % 5U];
+        uint64_t _D = _C[(i2 + 4U) % 5U] ^ (uu____0 << 1U | uu____0 >> 63U);
+        KRML_MAYBE_FOR5(i, 0U, 5U, 1U, s[i2 + 5U * i] = s[i2 + 5U * i] ^ _D;););
+      uint64_t x = s[1U];
+      uint64_t current = x;
+      for (uint32_t i = 0U; i < 24U; i++)
+      {
+        uint32_t _Y = Hacl_Hash_SHA3_keccak_piln[i];
+        uint32_t r = Hacl_Hash_SHA3_keccak_rotc[i];
+        uint64_t temp = s[_Y];
+        uint64_t uu____1 = current;
+        s[_Y] = uu____1 << r | uu____1 >> (64U - r);
+        current = temp;
+      }
+      KRML_MAYBE_FOR5(i,
+        0U,
+        5U,
+        1U,
+        uint64_t v0 = s[0U + 5U * i] ^ (~s[1U + 5U * i] & s[2U + 5U * i]);
+        uint64_t v1 = s[1U + 5U * i] ^ (~s[2U + 5U * i] & s[3U + 5U * i]);
+        uint64_t v2 = s[2U + 5U * i] ^ (~s[3U + 5U * i] & s[4U + 5U * i]);
+        uint64_t v3 = s[3U + 5U * i] ^ (~s[4U + 5U * i] & s[0U + 5U * i]);
+        uint64_t v4 = s[4U + 5U * i] ^ (~s[0U + 5U * i] & s[1U + 5U * i]);
+        s[0U + 5U * i] = v0;
+        s[1U + 5U * i] = v1;
+        s[2U + 5U * i] = v2;
+        s[3U + 5U * i] = v3;
+        s[4U + 5U * i] = v4;);
+      uint64_t c = Hacl_Hash_SHA3_keccak_rndc[i1];
+      s[0U] = s[0U] ^ c;
+    }
+  }
+  uint32_t remOut = 28U % rateInBytes1;
+  uint8_t hbuf[256U] = { 0U };
+  uint64_t ws[32U] = { 0U };
+  memcpy(ws, s, 25U * sizeof (uint64_t));
+  for (uint32_t i = 0U; i < 32U; i++)
+  {
+    store64_le(hbuf + i * 8U, ws[i]);
+  }
+  memcpy(rb + 28U - remOut, hbuf, remOut * sizeof (uint8_t));
 }
 
-static void
-absorb(
-  uint64_t *s,
-  uint32_t rateInBytes,
-  uint32_t inputByteLen,
-  uint8_t *input,
-  uint8_t delimitedSuffix
-)
+void Hacl_Hash_SHA3_sha3_256(uint8_t *output, uint8_t *input, uint32_t inputByteLen)
+{
+  uint8_t *ib = input;
+  uint8_t *rb = output;
+  uint64_t s[25U] = { 0U };
+  uint32_t rateInBytes1 = 136U;
+  for (uint32_t i = 0U; i < inputByteLen / rateInBytes1; i++)
+  {
+    uint8_t b[256U] = { 0U };
+    uint8_t *b_ = b;
+    uint8_t *b0 = ib;
+    uint8_t *bl0 = b_;
+    memcpy(bl0, b0 + i * rateInBytes1, rateInBytes1 * sizeof (uint8_t));
+    Hacl_Hash_SHA3_absorb_inner_32(rateInBytes1, b_, s);
+  }
+  uint8_t b1[256U] = { 0U };
+  uint8_t *b_ = b1;
+  uint32_t rem = inputByteLen % rateInBytes1;
+  uint8_t *b00 = ib;
+  uint8_t *bl0 = b_;
+  memcpy(bl0, b00 + inputByteLen - rem, rem * sizeof (uint8_t));
+  uint8_t *b01 = b_;
+  b01[inputByteLen % rateInBytes1] = 0x06U;
+  uint64_t ws0[32U] = { 0U };
+  uint8_t *b = b_;
+  uint64_t u = load64_le(b);
+  ws0[0U] = u;
+  uint64_t u0 = load64_le(b + 8U);
+  ws0[1U] = u0;
+  uint64_t u1 = load64_le(b + 16U);
+  ws0[2U] = u1;
+  uint64_t u2 = load64_le(b + 24U);
+  ws0[3U] = u2;
+  uint64_t u3 = load64_le(b + 32U);
+  ws0[4U] = u3;
+  uint64_t u4 = load64_le(b + 40U);
+  ws0[5U] = u4;
+  uint64_t u5 = load64_le(b + 48U);
+  ws0[6U] = u5;
+  uint64_t u6 = load64_le(b + 56U);
+  ws0[7U] = u6;
+  uint64_t u7 = load64_le(b + 64U);
+  ws0[8U] = u7;
+  uint64_t u8 = load64_le(b + 72U);
+  ws0[9U] = u8;
+  uint64_t u9 = load64_le(b + 80U);
+  ws0[10U] = u9;
+  uint64_t u10 = load64_le(b + 88U);
+  ws0[11U] = u10;
+  uint64_t u11 = load64_le(b + 96U);
+  ws0[12U] = u11;
+  uint64_t u12 = load64_le(b + 104U);
+  ws0[13U] = u12;
+  uint64_t u13 = load64_le(b + 112U);
+  ws0[14U] = u13;
+  uint64_t u14 = load64_le(b + 120U);
+  ws0[15U] = u14;
+  uint64_t u15 = load64_le(b + 128U);
+  ws0[16U] = u15;
+  uint64_t u16 = load64_le(b + 136U);
+  ws0[17U] = u16;
+  uint64_t u17 = load64_le(b + 144U);
+  ws0[18U] = u17;
+  uint64_t u18 = load64_le(b + 152U);
+  ws0[19U] = u18;
+  uint64_t u19 = load64_le(b + 160U);
+  ws0[20U] = u19;
+  uint64_t u20 = load64_le(b + 168U);
+  ws0[21U] = u20;
+  uint64_t u21 = load64_le(b + 176U);
+  ws0[22U] = u21;
+  uint64_t u22 = load64_le(b + 184U);
+  ws0[23U] = u22;
+  uint64_t u23 = load64_le(b + 192U);
+  ws0[24U] = u23;
+  uint64_t u24 = load64_le(b + 200U);
+  ws0[25U] = u24;
+  uint64_t u25 = load64_le(b + 208U);
+  ws0[26U] = u25;
+  uint64_t u26 = load64_le(b + 216U);
+  ws0[27U] = u26;
+  uint64_t u27 = load64_le(b + 224U);
+  ws0[28U] = u27;
+  uint64_t u28 = load64_le(b + 232U);
+  ws0[29U] = u28;
+  uint64_t u29 = load64_le(b + 240U);
+  ws0[30U] = u29;
+  uint64_t u30 = load64_le(b + 248U);
+  ws0[31U] = u30;
+  for (uint32_t i = 0U; i < 25U; i++)
+  {
+    s[i] = s[i] ^ ws0[i];
+  }
+  uint8_t b2[256U] = { 0U };
+  uint8_t *b3 = b2;
+  uint8_t *b0 = b3;
+  b0[rateInBytes1 - 1U] = 0x80U;
+  Hacl_Hash_SHA3_absorb_inner_32(rateInBytes1, b3, s);
+  for (uint32_t i0 = 0U; i0 < 32U / rateInBytes1; i0++)
+  {
+    uint8_t hbuf[256U] = { 0U };
+    uint64_t ws[32U] = { 0U };
+    memcpy(ws, s, 25U * sizeof (uint64_t));
+    for (uint32_t i = 0U; i < 32U; i++)
+    {
+      store64_le(hbuf + i * 8U, ws[i]);
+    }
+    uint8_t *b02 = rb;
+    memcpy(b02 + i0 * rateInBytes1, hbuf, rateInBytes1 * sizeof (uint8_t));
+    for (uint32_t i1 = 0U; i1 < 24U; i1++)
+    {
+      uint64_t _C[5U] = { 0U };
+      KRML_MAYBE_FOR5(i,
+        0U,
+        5U,
+        1U,
+        _C[i] = s[i + 0U] ^ (s[i + 5U] ^ (s[i + 10U] ^ (s[i + 15U] ^ s[i + 20U]))););
+      KRML_MAYBE_FOR5(i2,
+        0U,
+        5U,
+        1U,
+        uint64_t uu____0 = _C[(i2 + 1U) % 5U];
+        uint64_t _D = _C[(i2 + 4U) % 5U] ^ (uu____0 << 1U | uu____0 >> 63U);
+        KRML_MAYBE_FOR5(i, 0U, 5U, 1U, s[i2 + 5U * i] = s[i2 + 5U * i] ^ _D;););
+      uint64_t x = s[1U];
+      uint64_t current = x;
+      for (uint32_t i = 0U; i < 24U; i++)
+      {
+        uint32_t _Y = Hacl_Hash_SHA3_keccak_piln[i];
+        uint32_t r = Hacl_Hash_SHA3_keccak_rotc[i];
+        uint64_t temp = s[_Y];
+        uint64_t uu____1 = current;
+        s[_Y] = uu____1 << r | uu____1 >> (64U - r);
+        current = temp;
+      }
+      KRML_MAYBE_FOR5(i,
+        0U,
+        5U,
+        1U,
+        uint64_t v0 = s[0U + 5U * i] ^ (~s[1U + 5U * i] & s[2U + 5U * i]);
+        uint64_t v1 = s[1U + 5U * i] ^ (~s[2U + 5U * i] & s[3U + 5U * i]);
+        uint64_t v2 = s[2U + 5U * i] ^ (~s[3U + 5U * i] & s[4U + 5U * i]);
+        uint64_t v3 = s[3U + 5U * i] ^ (~s[4U + 5U * i] & s[0U + 5U * i]);
+        uint64_t v4 = s[4U + 5U * i] ^ (~s[0U + 5U * i] & s[1U + 5U * i]);
+        s[0U + 5U * i] = v0;
+        s[1U + 5U * i] = v1;
+        s[2U + 5U * i] = v2;
+        s[3U + 5U * i] = v3;
+        s[4U + 5U * i] = v4;);
+      uint64_t c = Hacl_Hash_SHA3_keccak_rndc[i1];
+      s[0U] = s[0U] ^ c;
+    }
+  }
+  uint32_t remOut = 32U % rateInBytes1;
+  uint8_t hbuf[256U] = { 0U };
+  uint64_t ws[32U] = { 0U };
+  memcpy(ws, s, 25U * sizeof (uint64_t));
+  for (uint32_t i = 0U; i < 32U; i++)
+  {
+    store64_le(hbuf + i * 8U, ws[i]);
+  }
+  memcpy(rb + 32U - remOut, hbuf, remOut * sizeof (uint8_t));
+}
+
+void Hacl_Hash_SHA3_sha3_384(uint8_t *output, uint8_t *input, uint32_t inputByteLen)
+{
+  uint8_t *ib = input;
+  uint8_t *rb = output;
+  uint64_t s[25U] = { 0U };
+  uint32_t rateInBytes1 = 104U;
+  for (uint32_t i = 0U; i < inputByteLen / rateInBytes1; i++)
+  {
+    uint8_t b[256U] = { 0U };
+    uint8_t *b_ = b;
+    uint8_t *b0 = ib;
+    uint8_t *bl0 = b_;
+    memcpy(bl0, b0 + i * rateInBytes1, rateInBytes1 * sizeof (uint8_t));
+    Hacl_Hash_SHA3_absorb_inner_32(rateInBytes1, b_, s);
+  }
+  uint8_t b1[256U] = { 0U };
+  uint8_t *b_ = b1;
+  uint32_t rem = inputByteLen % rateInBytes1;
+  uint8_t *b00 = ib;
+  uint8_t *bl0 = b_;
+  memcpy(bl0, b00 + inputByteLen - rem, rem * sizeof (uint8_t));
+  uint8_t *b01 = b_;
+  b01[inputByteLen % rateInBytes1] = 0x06U;
+  uint64_t ws0[32U] = { 0U };
+  uint8_t *b = b_;
+  uint64_t u = load64_le(b);
+  ws0[0U] = u;
+  uint64_t u0 = load64_le(b + 8U);
+  ws0[1U] = u0;
+  uint64_t u1 = load64_le(b + 16U);
+  ws0[2U] = u1;
+  uint64_t u2 = load64_le(b + 24U);
+  ws0[3U] = u2;
+  uint64_t u3 = load64_le(b + 32U);
+  ws0[4U] = u3;
+  uint64_t u4 = load64_le(b + 40U);
+  ws0[5U] = u4;
+  uint64_t u5 = load64_le(b + 48U);
+  ws0[6U] = u5;
+  uint64_t u6 = load64_le(b + 56U);
+  ws0[7U] = u6;
+  uint64_t u7 = load64_le(b + 64U);
+  ws0[8U] = u7;
+  uint64_t u8 = load64_le(b + 72U);
+  ws0[9U] = u8;
+  uint64_t u9 = load64_le(b + 80U);
+  ws0[10U] = u9;
+  uint64_t u10 = load64_le(b + 88U);
+  ws0[11U] = u10;
+  uint64_t u11 = load64_le(b + 96U);
+  ws0[12U] = u11;
+  uint64_t u12 = load64_le(b + 104U);
+  ws0[13U] = u12;
+  uint64_t u13 = load64_le(b + 112U);
+  ws0[14U] = u13;
+  uint64_t u14 = load64_le(b + 120U);
+  ws0[15U] = u14;
+  uint64_t u15 = load64_le(b + 128U);
+  ws0[16U] = u15;
+  uint64_t u16 = load64_le(b + 136U);
+  ws0[17U] = u16;
+  uint64_t u17 = load64_le(b + 144U);
+  ws0[18U] = u17;
+  uint64_t u18 = load64_le(b + 152U);
+  ws0[19U] = u18;
+  uint64_t u19 = load64_le(b + 160U);
+  ws0[20U] = u19;
+  uint64_t u20 = load64_le(b + 168U);
+  ws0[21U] = u20;
+  uint64_t u21 = load64_le(b + 176U);
+  ws0[22U] = u21;
+  uint64_t u22 = load64_le(b + 184U);
+  ws0[23U] = u22;
+  uint64_t u23 = load64_le(b + 192U);
+  ws0[24U] = u23;
+  uint64_t u24 = load64_le(b + 200U);
+  ws0[25U] = u24;
+  uint64_t u25 = load64_le(b + 208U);
+  ws0[26U] = u25;
+  uint64_t u26 = load64_le(b + 216U);
+  ws0[27U] = u26;
+  uint64_t u27 = load64_le(b + 224U);
+  ws0[28U] = u27;
+  uint64_t u28 = load64_le(b + 232U);
+  ws0[29U] = u28;
+  uint64_t u29 = load64_le(b + 240U);
+  ws0[30U] = u29;
+  uint64_t u30 = load64_le(b + 248U);
+  ws0[31U] = u30;
+  for (uint32_t i = 0U; i < 25U; i++)
+  {
+    s[i] = s[i] ^ ws0[i];
+  }
+  uint8_t b2[256U] = { 0U };
+  uint8_t *b3 = b2;
+  uint8_t *b0 = b3;
+  b0[rateInBytes1 - 1U] = 0x80U;
+  Hacl_Hash_SHA3_absorb_inner_32(rateInBytes1, b3, s);
+  for (uint32_t i0 = 0U; i0 < 48U / rateInBytes1; i0++)
+  {
+    uint8_t hbuf[256U] = { 0U };
+    uint64_t ws[32U] = { 0U };
+    memcpy(ws, s, 25U * sizeof (uint64_t));
+    for (uint32_t i = 0U; i < 32U; i++)
+    {
+      store64_le(hbuf + i * 8U, ws[i]);
+    }
+    uint8_t *b02 = rb;
+    memcpy(b02 + i0 * rateInBytes1, hbuf, rateInBytes1 * sizeof (uint8_t));
+    for (uint32_t i1 = 0U; i1 < 24U; i1++)
+    {
+      uint64_t _C[5U] = { 0U };
+      KRML_MAYBE_FOR5(i,
+        0U,
+        5U,
+        1U,
+        _C[i] = s[i + 0U] ^ (s[i + 5U] ^ (s[i + 10U] ^ (s[i + 15U] ^ s[i + 20U]))););
+      KRML_MAYBE_FOR5(i2,
+        0U,
+        5U,
+        1U,
+        uint64_t uu____0 = _C[(i2 + 1U) % 5U];
+        uint64_t _D = _C[(i2 + 4U) % 5U] ^ (uu____0 << 1U | uu____0 >> 63U);
+        KRML_MAYBE_FOR5(i, 0U, 5U, 1U, s[i2 + 5U * i] = s[i2 + 5U * i] ^ _D;););
+      uint64_t x = s[1U];
+      uint64_t current = x;
+      for (uint32_t i = 0U; i < 24U; i++)
+      {
+        uint32_t _Y = Hacl_Hash_SHA3_keccak_piln[i];
+        uint32_t r = Hacl_Hash_SHA3_keccak_rotc[i];
+        uint64_t temp = s[_Y];
+        uint64_t uu____1 = current;
+        s[_Y] = uu____1 << r | uu____1 >> (64U - r);
+        current = temp;
+      }
+      KRML_MAYBE_FOR5(i,
+        0U,
+        5U,
+        1U,
+        uint64_t v0 = s[0U + 5U * i] ^ (~s[1U + 5U * i] & s[2U + 5U * i]);
+        uint64_t v1 = s[1U + 5U * i] ^ (~s[2U + 5U * i] & s[3U + 5U * i]);
+        uint64_t v2 = s[2U + 5U * i] ^ (~s[3U + 5U * i] & s[4U + 5U * i]);
+        uint64_t v3 = s[3U + 5U * i] ^ (~s[4U + 5U * i] & s[0U + 5U * i]);
+        uint64_t v4 = s[4U + 5U * i] ^ (~s[0U + 5U * i] & s[1U + 5U * i]);
+        s[0U + 5U * i] = v0;
+        s[1U + 5U * i] = v1;
+        s[2U + 5U * i] = v2;
+        s[3U + 5U * i] = v3;
+        s[4U + 5U * i] = v4;);
+      uint64_t c = Hacl_Hash_SHA3_keccak_rndc[i1];
+      s[0U] = s[0U] ^ c;
+    }
+  }
+  uint32_t remOut = 48U % rateInBytes1;
+  uint8_t hbuf[256U] = { 0U };
+  uint64_t ws[32U] = { 0U };
+  memcpy(ws, s, 25U * sizeof (uint64_t));
+  for (uint32_t i = 0U; i < 32U; i++)
+  {
+    store64_le(hbuf + i * 8U, ws[i]);
+  }
+  memcpy(rb + 48U - remOut, hbuf, remOut * sizeof (uint8_t));
+}
+
+void Hacl_Hash_SHA3_sha3_512(uint8_t *output, uint8_t *input, uint32_t inputByteLen)
+{
+  uint8_t *ib = input;
+  uint8_t *rb = output;
+  uint64_t s[25U] = { 0U };
+  uint32_t rateInBytes1 = 72U;
+  for (uint32_t i = 0U; i < inputByteLen / rateInBytes1; i++)
+  {
+    uint8_t b[256U] = { 0U };
+    uint8_t *b_ = b;
+    uint8_t *b0 = ib;
+    uint8_t *bl0 = b_;
+    memcpy(bl0, b0 + i * rateInBytes1, rateInBytes1 * sizeof (uint8_t));
+    Hacl_Hash_SHA3_absorb_inner_32(rateInBytes1, b_, s);
+  }
+  uint8_t b1[256U] = { 0U };
+  uint8_t *b_ = b1;
+  uint32_t rem = inputByteLen % rateInBytes1;
+  uint8_t *b00 = ib;
+  uint8_t *bl0 = b_;
+  memcpy(bl0, b00 + inputByteLen - rem, rem * sizeof (uint8_t));
+  uint8_t *b01 = b_;
+  b01[inputByteLen % rateInBytes1] = 0x06U;
+  uint64_t ws0[32U] = { 0U };
+  uint8_t *b = b_;
+  uint64_t u = load64_le(b);
+  ws0[0U] = u;
+  uint64_t u0 = load64_le(b + 8U);
+  ws0[1U] = u0;
+  uint64_t u1 = load64_le(b + 16U);
+  ws0[2U] = u1;
+  uint64_t u2 = load64_le(b + 24U);
+  ws0[3U] = u2;
+  uint64_t u3 = load64_le(b + 32U);
+  ws0[4U] = u3;
+  uint64_t u4 = load64_le(b + 40U);
+  ws0[5U] = u4;
+  uint64_t u5 = load64_le(b + 48U);
+  ws0[6U] = u5;
+  uint64_t u6 = load64_le(b + 56U);
+  ws0[7U] = u6;
+  uint64_t u7 = load64_le(b + 64U);
+  ws0[8U] = u7;
+  uint64_t u8 = load64_le(b + 72U);
+  ws0[9U] = u8;
+  uint64_t u9 = load64_le(b + 80U);
+  ws0[10U] = u9;
+  uint64_t u10 = load64_le(b + 88U);
+  ws0[11U] = u10;
+  uint64_t u11 = load64_le(b + 96U);
+  ws0[12U] = u11;
+  uint64_t u12 = load64_le(b + 104U);
+  ws0[13U] = u12;
+  uint64_t u13 = load64_le(b + 112U);
+  ws0[14U] = u13;
+  uint64_t u14 = load64_le(b + 120U);
+  ws0[15U] = u14;
+  uint64_t u15 = load64_le(b + 128U);
+  ws0[16U] = u15;
+  uint64_t u16 = load64_le(b + 136U);
+  ws0[17U] = u16;
+  uint64_t u17 = load64_le(b + 144U);
+  ws0[18U] = u17;
+  uint64_t u18 = load64_le(b + 152U);
+  ws0[19U] = u18;
+  uint64_t u19 = load64_le(b + 160U);
+  ws0[20U] = u19;
+  uint64_t u20 = load64_le(b + 168U);
+  ws0[21U] = u20;
+  uint64_t u21 = load64_le(b + 176U);
+  ws0[22U] = u21;
+  uint64_t u22 = load64_le(b + 184U);
+  ws0[23U] = u22;
+  uint64_t u23 = load64_le(b + 192U);
+  ws0[24U] = u23;
+  uint64_t u24 = load64_le(b + 200U);
+  ws0[25U] = u24;
+  uint64_t u25 = load64_le(b + 208U);
+  ws0[26U] = u25;
+  uint64_t u26 = load64_le(b + 216U);
+  ws0[27U] = u26;
+  uint64_t u27 = load64_le(b + 224U);
+  ws0[28U] = u27;
+  uint64_t u28 = load64_le(b + 232U);
+  ws0[29U] = u28;
+  uint64_t u29 = load64_le(b + 240U);
+  ws0[30U] = u29;
+  uint64_t u30 = load64_le(b + 248U);
+  ws0[31U] = u30;
+  for (uint32_t i = 0U; i < 25U; i++)
+  {
+    s[i] = s[i] ^ ws0[i];
+  }
+  uint8_t b2[256U] = { 0U };
+  uint8_t *b3 = b2;
+  uint8_t *b0 = b3;
+  b0[rateInBytes1 - 1U] = 0x80U;
+  Hacl_Hash_SHA3_absorb_inner_32(rateInBytes1, b3, s);
+  for (uint32_t i0 = 0U; i0 < 64U / rateInBytes1; i0++)
+  {
+    uint8_t hbuf[256U] = { 0U };
+    uint64_t ws[32U] = { 0U };
+    memcpy(ws, s, 25U * sizeof (uint64_t));
+    for (uint32_t i = 0U; i < 32U; i++)
+    {
+      store64_le(hbuf + i * 8U, ws[i]);
+    }
+    uint8_t *b02 = rb;
+    memcpy(b02 + i0 * rateInBytes1, hbuf, rateInBytes1 * sizeof (uint8_t));
+    for (uint32_t i1 = 0U; i1 < 24U; i1++)
+    {
+      uint64_t _C[5U] = { 0U };
+      KRML_MAYBE_FOR5(i,
+        0U,
+        5U,
+        1U,
+        _C[i] = s[i + 0U] ^ (s[i + 5U] ^ (s[i + 10U] ^ (s[i + 15U] ^ s[i + 20U]))););
+      KRML_MAYBE_FOR5(i2,
+        0U,
+        5U,
+        1U,
+        uint64_t uu____0 = _C[(i2 + 1U) % 5U];
+        uint64_t _D = _C[(i2 + 4U) % 5U] ^ (uu____0 << 1U | uu____0 >> 63U);
+        KRML_MAYBE_FOR5(i, 0U, 5U, 1U, s[i2 + 5U * i] = s[i2 + 5U * i] ^ _D;););
+      uint64_t x = s[1U];
+      uint64_t current = x;
+      for (uint32_t i = 0U; i < 24U; i++)
+      {
+        uint32_t _Y = Hacl_Hash_SHA3_keccak_piln[i];
+        uint32_t r = Hacl_Hash_SHA3_keccak_rotc[i];
+        uint64_t temp = s[_Y];
+        uint64_t uu____1 = current;
+        s[_Y] = uu____1 << r | uu____1 >> (64U - r);
+        current = temp;
+      }
+      KRML_MAYBE_FOR5(i,
+        0U,
+        5U,
+        1U,
+        uint64_t v0 = s[0U + 5U * i] ^ (~s[1U + 5U * i] & s[2U + 5U * i]);
+        uint64_t v1 = s[1U + 5U * i] ^ (~s[2U + 5U * i] & s[3U + 5U * i]);
+        uint64_t v2 = s[2U + 5U * i] ^ (~s[3U + 5U * i] & s[4U + 5U * i]);
+        uint64_t v3 = s[3U + 5U * i] ^ (~s[4U + 5U * i] & s[0U + 5U * i]);
+        uint64_t v4 = s[4U + 5U * i] ^ (~s[0U + 5U * i] & s[1U + 5U * i]);
+        s[0U + 5U * i] = v0;
+        s[1U + 5U * i] = v1;
+        s[2U + 5U * i] = v2;
+        s[3U + 5U * i] = v3;
+        s[4U + 5U * i] = v4;);
+      uint64_t c = Hacl_Hash_SHA3_keccak_rndc[i1];
+      s[0U] = s[0U] ^ c;
+    }
+  }
+  uint32_t remOut = 64U % rateInBytes1;
+  uint8_t hbuf[256U] = { 0U };
+  uint64_t ws[32U] = { 0U };
+  memcpy(ws, s, 25U * sizeof (uint64_t));
+  for (uint32_t i = 0U; i < 32U; i++)
+  {
+    store64_le(hbuf + i * 8U, ws[i]);
+  }
+  memcpy(rb + 64U - remOut, hbuf, remOut * sizeof (uint8_t));
+}
+
+/**
+Allocate state buffer of 200-bytes
+*/
+uint64_t *Hacl_Hash_SHA3_state_malloc(void)
+{
+  uint64_t *buf = (uint64_t *)KRML_HOST_CALLOC(25U, sizeof (uint64_t));
+  return buf;
+}
+
+/**
+Free state buffer
+*/
+void Hacl_Hash_SHA3_state_free(uint64_t *s)
 {
-  uint32_t n_blocks = inputByteLen / rateInBytes;
-  uint32_t rem = inputByteLen % rateInBytes;
-  for (uint32_t i = 0U; i < n_blocks; i++)
-  {
-    uint8_t *block = input + i * rateInBytes;
-    Hacl_Hash_SHA3_absorb_inner(rateInBytes, block, s);
-  }
-  uint8_t *last = input + n_blocks * rateInBytes;
-  uint8_t lastBlock_[200U] = { 0U };
-  uint8_t *lastBlock = lastBlock_;
-  memcpy(lastBlock, last, rem * sizeof (uint8_t));
-  lastBlock[rem] = delimitedSuffix;
-  Hacl_Hash_SHA3_loadState(rateInBytes, lastBlock, s);
-  if (!(((uint32_t)delimitedSuffix & 0x80U) == 0U) && rem == rateInBytes - 1U)
-  {
-    Hacl_Hash_SHA3_state_permute(s);
-  }
-  uint8_t nextBlock_[200U] = { 0U };
-  uint8_t *nextBlock = nextBlock_;
-  nextBlock[rateInBytes - 1U] = 0x80U;
-  Hacl_Hash_SHA3_loadState(rateInBytes, nextBlock, s);
-  Hacl_Hash_SHA3_state_permute(s);
+  KRML_HOST_FREE(s);
 }
 
+/**
+Absorb number of input blocks and write the output state
+
+  This function is intended to receive a hash state and input buffer.
+  It processes an input of multiple of 168-bytes (SHAKE128 block size),
+  any additional bytes of final partial block are ignored.
+
+  The argument `state` (IN/OUT) points to hash state, i.e., uint64_t[25]
+  The argument `input` (IN) points to `inputByteLen` bytes of valid memory,
+  i.e., uint8_t[inputByteLen]
+*/
 void
-Hacl_Hash_SHA3_squeeze0(
-  uint64_t *s,
-  uint32_t rateInBytes,
-  uint32_t outputByteLen,
-  uint8_t *output
-)
+Hacl_Hash_SHA3_shake128_absorb_nblocks(uint64_t *state, uint8_t *input, uint32_t inputByteLen)
 {
-  uint32_t outBlocks = outputByteLen / rateInBytes;
-  uint32_t remOut = outputByteLen % rateInBytes;
-  uint8_t *last = output + outputByteLen - remOut;
-  uint8_t *blocks = output;
-  for (uint32_t i = 0U; i < outBlocks; i++)
+  for (uint32_t i = 0U; i < inputByteLen / 168U; i++)
   {
-    storeState(rateInBytes, s, blocks + i * rateInBytes);
-    Hacl_Hash_SHA3_state_permute(s);
+    uint8_t b[256U] = { 0U };
+    uint8_t *b_ = b;
+    uint8_t *b0 = input;
+    uint8_t *bl0 = b_;
+    memcpy(bl0, b0 + i * 168U, 168U * sizeof (uint8_t));
+    Hacl_Hash_SHA3_absorb_inner_32(168U, b_, state);
   }
-  storeState(remOut, s, last);
 }
 
+/**
+Absorb a final partial block of input and write the output state
+
+  This function is intended to receive a hash state and input buffer.
+  It processes a sequence of bytes at end of input buffer that is less
+  than 168-bytes (SHAKE128 block size),
+  any bytes of full blocks at start of input buffer are ignored.
+
+  The argument `state` (IN/OUT) points to hash state, i.e., uint64_t[25]
+  The argument `input` (IN) points to `inputByteLen` bytes of valid memory,
+  i.e., uint8_t[inputByteLen]
+
+  Note: Full size of input buffer must be passed to `inputByteLen` including
+  the number of full-block bytes at start of input buffer that are ignored
+*/
 void
-Hacl_Hash_SHA3_keccak(
-  uint32_t rate,
-  uint32_t capacity,
-  uint32_t inputByteLen,
-  uint8_t *input,
-  uint8_t delimitedSuffix,
-  uint32_t outputByteLen,
-  uint8_t *output
+Hacl_Hash_SHA3_shake128_absorb_final(uint64_t *state, uint8_t *input, uint32_t inputByteLen)
+{
+  uint8_t b1[256U] = { 0U };
+  uint8_t *b_ = b1;
+  uint32_t rem = inputByteLen % 168U;
+  uint8_t *b00 = input;
+  uint8_t *bl0 = b_;
+  memcpy(bl0, b00 + inputByteLen - rem, rem * sizeof (uint8_t));
+  uint8_t *b01 = b_;
+  b01[inputByteLen % 168U] = 0x1FU;
+  uint64_t ws[32U] = { 0U };
+  uint8_t *b = b_;
+  uint64_t u = load64_le(b);
+  ws[0U] = u;
+  uint64_t u0 = load64_le(b + 8U);
+  ws[1U] = u0;
+  uint64_t u1 = load64_le(b + 16U);
+  ws[2U] = u1;
+  uint64_t u2 = load64_le(b + 24U);
+  ws[3U] = u2;
+  uint64_t u3 = load64_le(b + 32U);
+  ws[4U] = u3;
+  uint64_t u4 = load64_le(b + 40U);
+  ws[5U] = u4;
+  uint64_t u5 = load64_le(b + 48U);
+  ws[6U] = u5;
+  uint64_t u6 = load64_le(b + 56U);
+  ws[7U] = u6;
+  uint64_t u7 = load64_le(b + 64U);
+  ws[8U] = u7;
+  uint64_t u8 = load64_le(b + 72U);
+  ws[9U] = u8;
+  uint64_t u9 = load64_le(b + 80U);
+  ws[10U] = u9;
+  uint64_t u10 = load64_le(b + 88U);
+  ws[11U] = u10;
+  uint64_t u11 = load64_le(b + 96U);
+  ws[12U] = u11;
+  uint64_t u12 = load64_le(b + 104U);
+  ws[13U] = u12;
+  uint64_t u13 = load64_le(b + 112U);
+  ws[14U] = u13;
+  uint64_t u14 = load64_le(b + 120U);
+  ws[15U] = u14;
+  uint64_t u15 = load64_le(b + 128U);
+  ws[16U] = u15;
+  uint64_t u16 = load64_le(b + 136U);
+  ws[17U] = u16;
+  uint64_t u17 = load64_le(b + 144U);
+  ws[18U] = u17;
+  uint64_t u18 = load64_le(b + 152U);
+  ws[19U] = u18;
+  uint64_t u19 = load64_le(b + 160U);
+  ws[20U] = u19;
+  uint64_t u20 = load64_le(b + 168U);
+  ws[21U] = u20;
+  uint64_t u21 = load64_le(b + 176U);
+  ws[22U] = u21;
+  uint64_t u22 = load64_le(b + 184U);
+  ws[23U] = u22;
+  uint64_t u23 = load64_le(b + 192U);
+  ws[24U] = u23;
+  uint64_t u24 = load64_le(b + 200U);
+  ws[25U] = u24;
+  uint64_t u25 = load64_le(b + 208U);
+  ws[26U] = u25;
+  uint64_t u26 = load64_le(b + 216U);
+  ws[27U] = u26;
+  uint64_t u27 = load64_le(b + 224U);
+  ws[28U] = u27;
+  uint64_t u28 = load64_le(b + 232U);
+  ws[29U] = u28;
+  uint64_t u29 = load64_le(b + 240U);
+  ws[30U] = u29;
+  uint64_t u30 = load64_le(b + 248U);
+  ws[31U] = u30;
+  for (uint32_t i = 0U; i < 25U; i++)
+  {
+    state[i] = state[i] ^ ws[i];
+  }
+  uint8_t b2[256U] = { 0U };
+  uint8_t *b3 = b2;
+  uint8_t *b0 = b3;
+  b0[167U] = 0x80U;
+  Hacl_Hash_SHA3_absorb_inner_32(168U, b3, state);
+}
+
+/**
+Squeeze a hash state to output buffer
+
+  This function is intended to receive a hash state and output buffer.
+  It produces an output of multiple of 168-bytes (SHAKE128 block size),
+  any additional bytes of final partial block are ignored.
+
+  The argument `state` (IN) points to hash state, i.e., uint64_t[25]
+  The argument `output` (OUT) points to `outputByteLen` bytes of valid memory,
+  i.e., uint8_t[outputByteLen]
+*/
+void
+Hacl_Hash_SHA3_shake128_squeeze_nblocks(
+  uint64_t *state,
+  uint8_t *output,
+  uint32_t outputByteLen
 )
 {
-  KRML_MAYBE_UNUSED_VAR(capacity);
-  uint32_t rateInBytes = rate / 8U;
-  uint64_t s[25U] = { 0U };
-  absorb(s, rateInBytes, inputByteLen, input, delimitedSuffix);
-  Hacl_Hash_SHA3_squeeze0(s, rateInBytes, outputByteLen, output);
+  for (uint32_t i0 = 0U; i0 < outputByteLen / 168U; i0++)
+  {
+    uint8_t hbuf[256U] = { 0U };
+    uint64_t ws[32U] = { 0U };
+    memcpy(ws, state, 25U * sizeof (uint64_t));
+    for (uint32_t i = 0U; i < 32U; i++)
+    {
+      store64_le(hbuf + i * 8U, ws[i]);
+    }
+    uint8_t *b0 = output;
+    memcpy(b0 + i0 * 168U, hbuf, 168U * sizeof (uint8_t));
+    for (uint32_t i1 = 0U; i1 < 24U; i1++)
+    {
+      uint64_t _C[5U] = { 0U };
+      KRML_MAYBE_FOR5(i,
+        0U,
+        5U,
+        1U,
+        _C[i] =
+          state[i
+          + 0U]
+          ^ (state[i + 5U] ^ (state[i + 10U] ^ (state[i + 15U] ^ state[i + 20U]))););
+      KRML_MAYBE_FOR5(i2,
+        0U,
+        5U,
+        1U,
+        uint64_t uu____0 = _C[(i2 + 1U) % 5U];
+        uint64_t _D = _C[(i2 + 4U) % 5U] ^ (uu____0 << 1U | uu____0 >> 63U);
+        KRML_MAYBE_FOR5(i, 0U, 5U, 1U, state[i2 + 5U * i] = state[i2 + 5U * i] ^ _D;););
+      uint64_t x = state[1U];
+      uint64_t current = x;
+      for (uint32_t i = 0U; i < 24U; i++)
+      {
+        uint32_t _Y = Hacl_Hash_SHA3_keccak_piln[i];
+        uint32_t r = Hacl_Hash_SHA3_keccak_rotc[i];
+        uint64_t temp = state[_Y];
+        uint64_t uu____1 = current;
+        state[_Y] = uu____1 << r | uu____1 >> (64U - r);
+        current = temp;
+      }
+      KRML_MAYBE_FOR5(i,
+        0U,
+        5U,
+        1U,
+        uint64_t v0 = state[0U + 5U * i] ^ (~state[1U + 5U * i] & state[2U + 5U * i]);
+        uint64_t v1 = state[1U + 5U * i] ^ (~state[2U + 5U * i] & state[3U + 5U * i]);
+        uint64_t v2 = state[2U + 5U * i] ^ (~state[3U + 5U * i] & state[4U + 5U * i]);
+        uint64_t v3 = state[3U + 5U * i] ^ (~state[4U + 5U * i] & state[0U + 5U * i]);
+        uint64_t v4 = state[4U + 5U * i] ^ (~state[0U + 5U * i] & state[1U + 5U * i]);
+        state[0U + 5U * i] = v0;
+        state[1U + 5U * i] = v1;
+        state[2U + 5U * i] = v2;
+        state[3U + 5U * i] = v3;
+        state[4U + 5U * i] = v4;);
+      uint64_t c = Hacl_Hash_SHA3_keccak_rndc[i1];
+      state[0U] = state[0U] ^ c;
+    }
+  }
 }
 
diff --git a/Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_SHA3.h b/Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_SHA3.h
index 678e9f2fbe15e8..4d85bb6902cc5b 100644
--- a/Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_SHA3.h
+++ b/Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_SHA3.h
@@ -78,49 +78,90 @@ uint32_t Hacl_Hash_SHA3_hash_len(Hacl_Hash_SHA3_state_t *s);
 
 bool Hacl_Hash_SHA3_is_shake(Hacl_Hash_SHA3_state_t *s);
 
+void Hacl_Hash_SHA3_absorb_inner_32(uint32_t rateInBytes, uint8_t *b, uint64_t *s);
+
 void
-Hacl_Hash_SHA3_shake128_hacl(
-  uint32_t inputByteLen,
-  uint8_t *input,
+Hacl_Hash_SHA3_shake128(
+  uint8_t *output,
   uint32_t outputByteLen,
-  uint8_t *output
+  uint8_t *input,
+  uint32_t inputByteLen
 );
 
 void
-Hacl_Hash_SHA3_shake256_hacl(
-  uint32_t inputByteLen,
-  uint8_t *input,
+Hacl_Hash_SHA3_shake256(
+  uint8_t *output,
   uint32_t outputByteLen,
-  uint8_t *output
+  uint8_t *input,
+  uint32_t inputByteLen
 );
 
-void Hacl_Hash_SHA3_sha3_224(uint8_t *output, uint8_t *input, uint32_t input_len);
+void Hacl_Hash_SHA3_sha3_224(uint8_t *output, uint8_t *input, uint32_t inputByteLen);
 
-void Hacl_Hash_SHA3_sha3_256(uint8_t *output, uint8_t *input, uint32_t input_len);
+void Hacl_Hash_SHA3_sha3_256(uint8_t *output, uint8_t *input, uint32_t inputByteLen);
 
-void Hacl_Hash_SHA3_sha3_384(uint8_t *output, uint8_t *input, uint32_t input_len);
+void Hacl_Hash_SHA3_sha3_384(uint8_t *output, uint8_t *input, uint32_t inputByteLen);
 
-void Hacl_Hash_SHA3_sha3_512(uint8_t *output, uint8_t *input, uint32_t input_len);
+void Hacl_Hash_SHA3_sha3_512(uint8_t *output, uint8_t *input, uint32_t inputByteLen);
 
-void Hacl_Hash_SHA3_absorb_inner(uint32_t rateInBytes, uint8_t *block, uint64_t *s);
+/**
+Allocate state buffer of 200-bytes
+*/
+uint64_t *Hacl_Hash_SHA3_state_malloc(void);
 
+/**
+Free state buffer
+*/
+void Hacl_Hash_SHA3_state_free(uint64_t *s);
+
+/**
+Absorb number of input blocks and write the output state
+
+  This function is intended to receive a hash state and input buffer.
+  It processes an input of multiple of 168-bytes (SHAKE128 block size),
+  any additional bytes of final partial block are ignored.
+
+  The argument `state` (IN/OUT) points to hash state, i.e., uint64_t[25]
+  The argument `input` (IN) points to `inputByteLen` bytes of valid memory,
+  i.e., uint8_t[inputByteLen]
+*/
 void
-Hacl_Hash_SHA3_squeeze0(
-  uint64_t *s,
-  uint32_t rateInBytes,
-  uint32_t outputByteLen,
-  uint8_t *output
-);
+Hacl_Hash_SHA3_shake128_absorb_nblocks(uint64_t *state, uint8_t *input, uint32_t inputByteLen);
 
+/**
+Absorb a final partial block of input and write the output state
+
+  This function is intended to receive a hash state and input buffer.
+  It processes a sequence of bytes at end of input buffer that is less
+  than 168-bytes (SHAKE128 block size),
+  any bytes of full blocks at start of input buffer are ignored.
+
+  The argument `state` (IN/OUT) points to hash state, i.e., uint64_t[25]
+  The argument `input` (IN) points to `inputByteLen` bytes of valid memory,
+  i.e., uint8_t[inputByteLen]
+
+  Note: Full size of input buffer must be passed to `inputByteLen` including
+  the number of full-block bytes at start of input buffer that are ignored
+*/
 void
-Hacl_Hash_SHA3_keccak(
-  uint32_t rate,
-  uint32_t capacity,
-  uint32_t inputByteLen,
-  uint8_t *input,
-  uint8_t delimitedSuffix,
-  uint32_t outputByteLen,
-  uint8_t *output
+Hacl_Hash_SHA3_shake128_absorb_final(uint64_t *state, uint8_t *input, uint32_t inputByteLen);
+
+/**
+Squeeze a hash state to output buffer
+
+  This function is intended to receive a hash state and output buffer.
+  It produces an output of multiple of 168-bytes (SHAKE128 block size),
+  any additional bytes of final partial block are ignored.
+
+  The argument `state` (IN) points to hash state, i.e., uint64_t[25]
+  The argument `output` (OUT) points to `outputByteLen` bytes of valid memory,
+  i.e., uint8_t[outputByteLen]
+*/
+void
+Hacl_Hash_SHA3_shake128_squeeze_nblocks(
+  uint64_t *state,
+  uint8_t *output,
+  uint32_t outputByteLen
 );
 
 #if defined(__cplusplus)
diff --git a/Modules/_hacl/Lib_Memzero0.c b/Modules/_hacl/Lib_Memzero0.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..5b1a2f7797db76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Modules/_hacl/Lib_Memzero0.c
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+#if defined(__has_include)
+#if __has_include("config.h")
+#include "config.h"
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#include <windows.h>
+#endif
+
+#if (defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__MACH__)) || defined(__linux__)
+#define __STDC_WANT_LIB_EXT1__ 1
+#include <string.h>
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__NetBSD__)
+#include <strings.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+
+/* This is now a hand-written header */
+#include "lib_memzero0.h"
+#include "krml/internal/target.h"
+
+/* The F* formalization talks about the number of elements in the array. The C
+   implementation wants a number of bytes in the array. KaRaMeL is aware of this
+   and inserts a sizeof multiplication. */
+void Lib_Memzero0_memzero0(void *dst, uint64_t len) {
+  /* This is safe: karamel checks at run-time (if needed) that all object sizes
+     fit within a size_t, so the size we receive has been checked at
+     allocation-time, possibly via KRML_CHECK_SIZE, to fit in a size_t. */
+  size_t len_ = (size_t) len;
+
+  #ifdef _WIN32
+    SecureZeroMemory(dst, len);
+  #elif defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__MACH__)
+    memset_s(dst, len_, 0, len_);
+  #elif (defined(__linux__) && !defined(LINUX_NO_EXPLICIT_BZERO)) || defined(__FreeBSD__)
+    explicit_bzero(dst, len_);
+  #elif defined(__NetBSD__)
+    explicit_memset(dst, 0, len_);
+  #else
+    /* Default implementation for platforms with no particular support. */
+    #warning "Your platform does not support any safe implementation of memzero -- consider a pull request!"
+    volatile unsigned char *volatile dst_ = (volatile unsigned char *volatile) dst;
+    size_t i = 0U;
+    while (i < len)
+      dst_[i++] = 0U;
+  #endif
+}
diff --git a/Modules/_hacl/include/krml/FStar_UInt128_Verified.h b/Modules/_hacl/include/krml/FStar_UInt128_Verified.h
index bdf25898f2bc25..659745b24265cb 100644
--- a/Modules/_hacl/include/krml/FStar_UInt128_Verified.h
+++ b/Modules/_hacl/include/krml/FStar_UInt128_Verified.h
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /*
   Copyright (c) INRIA and Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
-  Licensed under the Apache 2.0 License.
+  Licensed under the Apache 2.0 and MIT Licenses.
 */
 
 
diff --git a/Modules/_hacl/include/krml/FStar_UInt_8_16_32_64.h b/Modules/_hacl/include/krml/FStar_UInt_8_16_32_64.h
index 1bdec972a2f249..68bac0b3f0aab1 100644
--- a/Modules/_hacl/include/krml/FStar_UInt_8_16_32_64.h
+++ b/Modules/_hacl/include/krml/FStar_UInt_8_16_32_64.h
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /*
   Copyright (c) INRIA and Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
-  Licensed under the Apache 2.0 License.
+  Licensed under the Apache 2.0 and MIT Licenses.
 */
 
 
diff --git a/Modules/_hacl/include/krml/fstar_uint128_struct_endianness.h b/Modules/_hacl/include/krml/fstar_uint128_struct_endianness.h
index e2b6d62859a5f1..bb736add318aa8 100644
--- a/Modules/_hacl/include/krml/fstar_uint128_struct_endianness.h
+++ b/Modules/_hacl/include/krml/fstar_uint128_struct_endianness.h
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /* Copyright (c) INRIA and Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
-   Licensed under the Apache 2.0 License. */
+   Licensed under the Apache 2.0 and MIT Licenses. */
 
 #ifndef FSTAR_UINT128_STRUCT_ENDIANNESS_H
 #define FSTAR_UINT128_STRUCT_ENDIANNESS_H
diff --git a/Modules/_hacl/include/krml/internal/target.h b/Modules/_hacl/include/krml/internal/target.h
index c7fcc0151e6f10..fd74d3da684567 100644
--- a/Modules/_hacl/include/krml/internal/target.h
+++ b/Modules/_hacl/include/krml/internal/target.h
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /* Copyright (c) INRIA and Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
-   Licensed under the Apache 2.0 License. */
+   Licensed under the Apache 2.0 and MIT Licenses. */
 
 #ifndef __KRML_TARGET_H
 #define __KRML_TARGET_H
@@ -69,11 +69,21 @@
 #  endif
 #endif
 
+#ifndef KRML_ATTRIBUTE_TARGET
+#  if defined(__GNUC__)
+#    define KRML_ATTRIBUTE_TARGET(x) __attribute__((target(x)))
+#  else
+#    define KRML_ATTRIBUTE_TARGET(x)
+#  endif
+#endif
+
 #ifndef KRML_NOINLINE
 #  if defined(_MSC_VER)
 #    define KRML_NOINLINE __declspec(noinline)
 #  elif defined (__GNUC__)
 #    define KRML_NOINLINE __attribute__((noinline,unused))
+#  elif defined (__SUNPRO_C)
+#    define KRML_NOINLINE __attribute__((noinline))
 #  else
 #    define KRML_NOINLINE
 #    warning "The KRML_NOINLINE macro is not defined for this toolchain!"
@@ -82,6 +92,69 @@
 #  endif
 #endif
 
+#ifndef KRML_MUSTINLINE
+#  if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#    define KRML_MUSTINLINE inline __forceinline
+#  elif defined (__GNUC__)
+#    define KRML_MUSTINLINE inline __attribute__((always_inline))
+#  elif defined (__SUNPRO_C)
+#    define KRML_MUSTINLINE inline __attribute__((always_inline))
+#  else
+#    define KRML_MUSTINLINE inline
+#    warning "The KRML_MUSTINLINE macro defaults to plain inline for this toolchain!"
+#    warning "Please locate target.h and try to fill it out with a suitable definition for this compiler."
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef KRML_PRE_ALIGN
+#  ifdef _MSC_VER
+#    define KRML_PRE_ALIGN(X) __declspec(align(X))
+#  else
+#    define KRML_PRE_ALIGN(X)
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef KRML_POST_ALIGN
+#  ifdef _MSC_VER
+#    define KRML_POST_ALIGN(X)
+#  else
+#    define KRML_POST_ALIGN(X) __attribute__((aligned(X)))
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+/* MinGW-W64 does not support C11 aligned_alloc, but it supports
+ * MSVC's _aligned_malloc.
+ */
+#ifndef KRML_ALIGNED_MALLOC
+#  ifdef __MINGW32__
+#    include <_mingw.h>
+#  endif
+#  if (                                                                        \
+      defined(_MSC_VER) ||                                                     \
+      (defined(__MINGW32__) && defined(__MINGW64_VERSION_MAJOR)))
+#    define KRML_ALIGNED_MALLOC(X, Y) _aligned_malloc(Y, X)
+#  else
+#    define KRML_ALIGNED_MALLOC(X, Y) aligned_alloc(X, Y)
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+/* Since aligned allocations with MinGW-W64 are done with
+ * _aligned_malloc (see above), such pointers must be freed with
+ * _aligned_free.
+ */
+#ifndef KRML_ALIGNED_FREE
+#  ifdef __MINGW32__
+#    include <_mingw.h>
+#  endif
+#  if (                                                                        \
+      defined(_MSC_VER) ||                                                     \
+      (defined(__MINGW32__) && defined(__MINGW64_VERSION_MAJOR)))
+#    define KRML_ALIGNED_FREE(X) _aligned_free(X)
+#  else
+#    define KRML_ALIGNED_FREE(X) free(X)
+#  endif
+#endif
+
 /* In FStar.Buffer.fst, the size of arrays is uint32_t, but it's a number of
  * *elements*. Do an ugly, run-time check (some of which KaRaMeL can eliminate).
  */
diff --git a/Modules/_hacl/include/krml/lowstar_endianness.h b/Modules/_hacl/include/krml/lowstar_endianness.h
index 1aa2ccd644c06f..af6b882cf259cc 100644
--- a/Modules/_hacl/include/krml/lowstar_endianness.h
+++ b/Modules/_hacl/include/krml/lowstar_endianness.h
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /* Copyright (c) INRIA and Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
-   Licensed under the Apache 2.0 License. */
+   Licensed under the Apache 2.0 and MIT Licenses. */
 
 #ifndef __LOWSTAR_ENDIANNESS_H
 #define __LOWSTAR_ENDIANNESS_H
diff --git a/Modules/_hacl/internal/Hacl_Hash_Blake2b.h b/Modules/_hacl/internal/Hacl_Hash_Blake2b.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..8ee70282f4e4de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Modules/_hacl/internal/Hacl_Hash_Blake2b.h
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+/* MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 INRIA, CMU and Microsoft Corporation
+ * Copyright (c) 2022-2023 HACL* Contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+
+#ifndef __internal_Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_H
+#define __internal_Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_H
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus)
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include "krml/types.h"
+#include "krml/lowstar_endianness.h"
+#include "krml/internal/target.h"
+
+#include "internal/Hacl_Impl_Blake2_Constants.h"
+#include "../Hacl_Hash_Blake2b.h"
+
+typedef struct Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_params_and_key_s
+{
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_blake2_params *fst;
+  uint8_t *snd;
+}
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_params_and_key;
+
+void Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_init(uint64_t *hash, uint32_t kk, uint32_t nn);
+
+void
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_update_multi(
+  uint32_t len,
+  uint64_t *wv,
+  uint64_t *hash,
+  FStar_UInt128_uint128 prev,
+  uint8_t *blocks,
+  uint32_t nb
+);
+
+void
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_update_last(
+  uint32_t len,
+  uint64_t *wv,
+  uint64_t *hash,
+  bool last_node,
+  FStar_UInt128_uint128 prev,
+  uint32_t rem,
+  uint8_t *d
+);
+
+void Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_finish(uint32_t nn, uint8_t *output, uint64_t *hash);
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus)
+}
+#endif
+
+#define __internal_Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_H_DEFINED
+#endif
diff --git a/Modules/_hacl/internal/Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256.h b/Modules/_hacl/internal/Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..ab329b92c3630c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Modules/_hacl/internal/Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256.h
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+/* MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 INRIA, CMU and Microsoft Corporation
+ * Copyright (c) 2022-2023 HACL* Contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+
+#ifndef __internal_Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_H
+#define __internal_Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_H
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus)
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include "krml/types.h"
+#include "krml/lowstar_endianness.h"
+#include "krml/internal/target.h"
+
+#include "internal/Hacl_Impl_Blake2_Constants.h"
+#include "internal/Hacl_Hash_Blake2b.h"
+#include "../Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256.h"
+#include "libintvector.h"
+
+void
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_init(Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *hash, uint32_t kk, uint32_t nn);
+
+void
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_update_multi(
+  uint32_t len,
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *wv,
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *hash,
+  FStar_UInt128_uint128 prev,
+  uint8_t *blocks,
+  uint32_t nb
+);
+
+void
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_update_last(
+  uint32_t len,
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *wv,
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *hash,
+  bool last_node,
+  FStar_UInt128_uint128 prev,
+  uint32_t rem,
+  uint8_t *d
+);
+
+void
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_finish(
+  uint32_t nn,
+  uint8_t *output,
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *hash
+);
+
+void
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_load_state256b_from_state32(
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *st,
+  uint64_t *st32
+);
+
+void
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_store_state256b_to_state32(
+  uint64_t *st32,
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *st
+);
+
+Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256 *Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_malloc_with_key(void);
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus)
+}
+#endif
+
+#define __internal_Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_H_DEFINED
+#endif
diff --git a/Modules/_hacl/internal/Hacl_Hash_Blake2s.h b/Modules/_hacl/internal/Hacl_Hash_Blake2s.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..6494075b60a25b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Modules/_hacl/internal/Hacl_Hash_Blake2s.h
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+/* MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 INRIA, CMU and Microsoft Corporation
+ * Copyright (c) 2022-2023 HACL* Contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+
+#ifndef __internal_Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_H
+#define __internal_Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_H
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus)
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include "krml/types.h"
+#include "krml/lowstar_endianness.h"
+#include "krml/internal/target.h"
+
+#include "internal/Hacl_Impl_Blake2_Constants.h"
+#include "internal/Hacl_Hash_Blake2b.h"
+#include "../Hacl_Hash_Blake2s.h"
+
+void Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_init(uint32_t *hash, uint32_t kk, uint32_t nn);
+
+void
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_update_multi(
+  uint32_t len,
+  uint32_t *wv,
+  uint32_t *hash,
+  uint64_t prev,
+  uint8_t *blocks,
+  uint32_t nb
+);
+
+void
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_update_last(
+  uint32_t len,
+  uint32_t *wv,
+  uint32_t *hash,
+  bool last_node,
+  uint64_t prev,
+  uint32_t rem,
+  uint8_t *d
+);
+
+void Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_finish(uint32_t nn, uint8_t *output, uint32_t *hash);
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus)
+}
+#endif
+
+#define __internal_Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_H_DEFINED
+#endif
diff --git a/Modules/_hacl/internal/Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128.h b/Modules/_hacl/internal/Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..60c09a67b445b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Modules/_hacl/internal/Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128.h
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+/* MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 INRIA, CMU and Microsoft Corporation
+ * Copyright (c) 2022-2023 HACL* Contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+
+#ifndef __internal_Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_H
+#define __internal_Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_H
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus)
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include "krml/types.h"
+#include "krml/lowstar_endianness.h"
+#include "krml/internal/target.h"
+
+#include "internal/Hacl_Impl_Blake2_Constants.h"
+#include "internal/Hacl_Hash_Blake2b.h"
+#include "../Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128.h"
+#include "libintvector.h"
+
+void
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_init(Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *hash, uint32_t kk, uint32_t nn);
+
+void
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_update_multi(
+  uint32_t len,
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *wv,
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *hash,
+  uint64_t prev,
+  uint8_t *blocks,
+  uint32_t nb
+);
+
+void
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_update_last(
+  uint32_t len,
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *wv,
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *hash,
+  bool last_node,
+  uint64_t prev,
+  uint32_t rem,
+  uint8_t *d
+);
+
+void
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_finish(
+  uint32_t nn,
+  uint8_t *output,
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *hash
+);
+
+void
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_store_state128s_to_state32(
+  uint32_t *st32,
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *st
+);
+
+void
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_load_state128s_from_state32(
+  Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *st,
+  uint32_t *st32
+);
+
+Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 *Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_malloc_with_key(void);
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus)
+}
+#endif
+
+#define __internal_Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_H_DEFINED
+#endif
diff --git a/Modules/_hacl/internal/Hacl_Hash_SHA3.h b/Modules/_hacl/internal/Hacl_Hash_SHA3.h
index b80e81fafb9780..0a152b4c622533 100644
--- a/Modules/_hacl/internal/Hacl_Hash_SHA3.h
+++ b/Modules/_hacl/internal/Hacl_Hash_SHA3.h
@@ -37,6 +37,12 @@ extern "C" {
 
 #include "../Hacl_Hash_SHA3.h"
 
+extern const uint32_t Hacl_Hash_SHA3_keccak_rotc[24U];
+
+extern const uint32_t Hacl_Hash_SHA3_keccak_piln[24U];
+
+extern const uint64_t Hacl_Hash_SHA3_keccak_rndc[24U];
+
 void
 Hacl_Hash_SHA3_update_multi_sha3(
   Spec_Hash_Definitions_hash_alg a,
@@ -53,10 +59,6 @@ Hacl_Hash_SHA3_update_last_sha3(
   uint32_t input_len
 );
 
-void Hacl_Hash_SHA3_state_permute(uint64_t *s);
-
-void Hacl_Hash_SHA3_loadState(uint32_t rateInBytes, uint8_t *input, uint64_t *s);
-
 #if defined(__cplusplus)
 }
 #endif
diff --git a/Modules/_hacl/internal/Hacl_Impl_Blake2_Constants.h b/Modules/_hacl/internal/Hacl_Impl_Blake2_Constants.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..f4cf516124aabb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Modules/_hacl/internal/Hacl_Impl_Blake2_Constants.h
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+/* MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 INRIA, CMU and Microsoft Corporation
+ * Copyright (c) 2022-2023 HACL* Contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+
+#ifndef __internal_Hacl_Impl_Blake2_Constants_H
+#define __internal_Hacl_Impl_Blake2_Constants_H
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus)
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include "krml/types.h"
+#include "krml/lowstar_endianness.h"
+#include "krml/internal/target.h"
+
+static const
+uint32_t
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_sigmaTable[160U] =
+  {
+    0U, 1U, 2U, 3U, 4U, 5U, 6U, 7U, 8U, 9U, 10U, 11U, 12U, 13U, 14U, 15U, 14U, 10U, 4U, 8U, 9U, 15U,
+    13U, 6U, 1U, 12U, 0U, 2U, 11U, 7U, 5U, 3U, 11U, 8U, 12U, 0U, 5U, 2U, 15U, 13U, 10U, 14U, 3U, 6U,
+    7U, 1U, 9U, 4U, 7U, 9U, 3U, 1U, 13U, 12U, 11U, 14U, 2U, 6U, 5U, 10U, 4U, 0U, 15U, 8U, 9U, 0U,
+    5U, 7U, 2U, 4U, 10U, 15U, 14U, 1U, 11U, 12U, 6U, 8U, 3U, 13U, 2U, 12U, 6U, 10U, 0U, 11U, 8U, 3U,
+    4U, 13U, 7U, 5U, 15U, 14U, 1U, 9U, 12U, 5U, 1U, 15U, 14U, 13U, 4U, 10U, 0U, 7U, 6U, 3U, 9U, 2U,
+    8U, 11U, 13U, 11U, 7U, 14U, 12U, 1U, 3U, 9U, 5U, 0U, 15U, 4U, 8U, 6U, 2U, 10U, 6U, 15U, 14U, 9U,
+    11U, 3U, 0U, 8U, 12U, 2U, 13U, 7U, 1U, 4U, 10U, 5U, 10U, 2U, 8U, 4U, 7U, 6U, 1U, 5U, 15U, 11U,
+    9U, 14U, 3U, 12U, 13U
+  };
+
+static const
+uint32_t
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_S[8U] =
+  {
+    0x6A09E667U, 0xBB67AE85U, 0x3C6EF372U, 0xA54FF53AU, 0x510E527FU, 0x9B05688CU, 0x1F83D9ABU,
+    0x5BE0CD19U
+  };
+
+static const
+uint64_t
+Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_ivTable_B[8U] =
+  {
+    0x6A09E667F3BCC908ULL, 0xBB67AE8584CAA73BULL, 0x3C6EF372FE94F82BULL, 0xA54FF53A5F1D36F1ULL,
+    0x510E527FADE682D1ULL, 0x9B05688C2B3E6C1FULL, 0x1F83D9ABFB41BD6BULL, 0x5BE0CD19137E2179ULL
+  };
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus)
+}
+#endif
+
+#define __internal_Hacl_Impl_Blake2_Constants_H_DEFINED
+#endif
diff --git a/Modules/_hacl/lib_memzero0.h b/Modules/_hacl/lib_memzero0.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..fea3e41c907f44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Modules/_hacl/lib_memzero0.h
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#include <inttypes.h>
+
+void Lib_Memzero0_memzero0(void *dst, uint64_t len);
+
+#define Lib_Memzero0_memzero(dst, len, t, _ret_t) Lib_Memzero0_memzero0(dst, len * sizeof(t))
diff --git a/Modules/_hacl/libintvector.h b/Modules/_hacl/libintvector.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..11e914f7e1650a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Modules/_hacl/libintvector.h
@@ -0,0 +1,936 @@
+#ifndef __Vec_Intrin_H
+#define __Vec_Intrin_H
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+/* We include config.h here to ensure that the various feature-flags are
+ * properly brought into scope. Users can either run the configure script, or
+ * write a config.h themselves and put it under version control. */
+#if defined(__has_include)
+#if __has_include("config.h")
+#include "config.h"
+#endif
+#endif
+
+/* # DEBUGGING:
+ * ============
+ * It is possible to debug the current definitions by using libintvector_debug.h
+ * See the include at the bottom of the file. */
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_bit_mask64(x) -((x) & 1)
+
+#if defined(__x86_64__) || defined(_M_X64) || defined(__i386__) || defined(_M_IX86)
+
+#if defined(HACL_CAN_COMPILE_VEC128)
+
+#include <emmintrin.h>
+#include <tmmintrin.h>
+#include <smmintrin.h>
+
+typedef __m128i Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128;
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_ni_aes_enc(x0, x1) \
+  (_mm_aesenc_si128(x0, x1))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_ni_aes_enc_last(x0, x1) \
+  (_mm_aesenclast_si128(x0, x1))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_ni_aes_keygen_assist(x0, x1) \
+  (_mm_aeskeygenassist_si128(x0, x1))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_ni_clmul(x0, x1, x2)		\
+  (_mm_clmulepi64_si128(x0, x1, x2))
+
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_xor(x0, x1) \
+  (_mm_xor_si128(x0, x1))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_eq64(x0, x1) \
+  (_mm_cmpeq_epi64(x0, x1))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_eq32(x0, x1) \
+  (_mm_cmpeq_epi32(x0, x1))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_gt64(x0, x1) \
+  (_mm_cmpgt_epi64(x0, x1))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_gt32(x0, x1) \
+  (_mm_cmpgt_epi32(x0, x1))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_or(x0, x1) \
+  (_mm_or_si128(x0, x1))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_and(x0, x1) \
+  (_mm_and_si128(x0, x1))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_lognot(x0) \
+  (_mm_xor_si128(x0, _mm_set1_epi32(-1)))
+
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_shift_left(x0, x1) \
+  (_mm_slli_si128(x0, (x1)/8))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_shift_right(x0, x1) \
+  (_mm_srli_si128(x0, (x1)/8))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_shift_left64(x0, x1) \
+  (_mm_slli_epi64(x0, x1))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_shift_right64(x0, x1) \
+  (_mm_srli_epi64(x0, x1))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_shift_left32(x0, x1) \
+  (_mm_slli_epi32(x0, x1))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_shift_right32(x0, x1) \
+  (_mm_srli_epi32(x0, x1))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_rotate_left32_8(x0) \
+  (_mm_shuffle_epi8(x0, _mm_set_epi8(14,13,12,15,10,9,8,11,6,5,4,7,2,1,0,3)))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_rotate_left32_16(x0) \
+  (_mm_shuffle_epi8(x0, _mm_set_epi8(13,12,15,14,9,8,11,10,5,4,7,6,1,0,3,2)))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_rotate_left32_24(x0) \
+  (_mm_shuffle_epi8(x0, _mm_set_epi8(12,15,14,13,8,11,10,9,4,7,6,5,0,3,2,1)))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_rotate_left32(x0,x1)	\
+  (((x1) == 8? Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_rotate_left32_8(x0) : \
+   ((x1) == 16? Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_rotate_left32_16(x0) : \
+   ((x1) == 24? Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_rotate_left32_24(x0) : \
+    _mm_xor_si128(_mm_slli_epi32(x0,x1),_mm_srli_epi32(x0,32-(x1)))))))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_rotate_right32(x0,x1)	\
+  (Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_rotate_left32(x0,32-(x1)))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_shuffle32(x0, x1, x2, x3, x4)	\
+  (_mm_shuffle_epi32(x0, _MM_SHUFFLE(x4,x3,x2,x1)))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_shuffle64(x0, x1, x2) \
+  (_mm_shuffle_epi32(x0, _MM_SHUFFLE(2*x1+1,2*x1,2*x2+1,2*x2)))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_rotate_right_lanes32(x0, x1)	\
+  (_mm_shuffle_epi32(x0, _MM_SHUFFLE((x1+3)%4,(x1+2)%4,(x1+1)%4,x1%4)))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_rotate_right_lanes64(x0, x1)	\
+  (_mm_shuffle_epi32(x0, _MM_SHUFFLE((2*x1+3)%4,(2*x1+2)%4,(2*x1+1)%4,(2*x1)%4)))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_load32_le(x0) \
+  (_mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)(x0)))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_load64_le(x0) \
+  (_mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)(x0)))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_store32_le(x0, x1) \
+  (_mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)(x0), x1))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_store64_le(x0, x1) \
+  (_mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)(x0), x1))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_load_be(x0)		\
+  (_mm_shuffle_epi8(_mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)(x0)), _mm_set_epi8(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15)))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_load32_be(x0)		\
+  (_mm_shuffle_epi8(_mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)(x0)), _mm_set_epi8(12, 13, 14, 15, 8, 9, 10, 11, 4, 5, 6, 7, 0, 1, 2, 3)))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_load64_be(x0)		\
+  (_mm_shuffle_epi8(_mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)(x0)), _mm_set_epi8(8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7)))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_store_be(x0, x1)	\
+  (_mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)(x0), _mm_shuffle_epi8(x1, _mm_set_epi8(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15))))
+
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_store32_be(x0, x1)	\
+  (_mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)(x0), _mm_shuffle_epi8(x1, _mm_set_epi8(12, 13, 14, 15, 8, 9, 10, 11, 4, 5, 6, 7, 0, 1, 2, 3))))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_store64_be(x0, x1)	\
+  (_mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)(x0), _mm_shuffle_epi8(x1,  _mm_set_epi8(8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7))))
+
+
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_insert8(x0, x1, x2)	\
+  (_mm_insert_epi8(x0, x1, x2))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_insert32(x0, x1, x2)	\
+  (_mm_insert_epi32(x0, x1, x2))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_insert64(x0, x1, x2)	\
+  (_mm_insert_epi64(x0, x1, x2))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_extract8(x0, x1)	\
+  (_mm_extract_epi8(x0, x1))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_extract32(x0, x1)	\
+  (_mm_extract_epi32(x0, x1))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_extract64(x0, x1)	\
+  (_mm_extract_epi64(x0, x1))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_zero  \
+  (_mm_setzero_si128())
+
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_add64(x0, x1) \
+  (_mm_add_epi64(x0, x1))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_sub64(x0, x1)		\
+  (_mm_sub_epi64(x0, x1))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_mul64(x0, x1) \
+  (_mm_mul_epu32(x0, x1))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_smul64(x0, x1) \
+  (_mm_mul_epu32(x0, _mm_set1_epi64x(x1)))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_add32(x0, x1) \
+  (_mm_add_epi32(x0, x1))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_sub32(x0, x1)		\
+  (_mm_sub_epi32(x0, x1))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_mul32(x0, x1) \
+  (_mm_mullo_epi32(x0, x1))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_smul32(x0, x1) \
+  (_mm_mullo_epi32(x0, _mm_set1_epi32(x1)))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_load128(x) \
+  ((__m128i)x)
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_load64(x) \
+  (_mm_set1_epi64x(x)) /* hi lo */
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_load64s(x0, x1) \
+  (_mm_set_epi64x(x1, x0)) /* hi lo */
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_load32(x) \
+  (_mm_set1_epi32(x))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_load32s(x0, x1, x2, x3) \
+  (_mm_set_epi32(x3, x2, x1, x0)) /* hi lo */
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_interleave_low32(x1, x2) \
+  (_mm_unpacklo_epi32(x1, x2))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_interleave_high32(x1, x2) \
+  (_mm_unpackhi_epi32(x1, x2))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_interleave_low64(x1, x2) \
+  (_mm_unpacklo_epi64(x1, x2))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_interleave_high64(x1, x2) \
+  (_mm_unpackhi_epi64(x1, x2))
+
+#endif /* HACL_CAN_COMPILE_VEC128 */
+
+#if defined(HACL_CAN_COMPILE_VEC256)
+
+#include <immintrin.h>
+
+typedef __m256i Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256;
+
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_eq64(x0, x1) \
+  (_mm256_cmpeq_epi64(x0, x1))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_eq32(x0, x1) \
+  (_mm256_cmpeq_epi32(x0, x1))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_gt64(x0, x1) \
+  (_mm256_cmpgt_epi64(x0, x1))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_gt32(x0, x1) \
+  (_mm256_cmpgt_epi32(x0, x1))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_xor(x0, x1) \
+  (_mm256_xor_si256(x0, x1))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_or(x0, x1) \
+  (_mm256_or_si256(x0, x1))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_and(x0, x1) \
+  (_mm256_and_si256(x0, x1))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_lognot(x0) \
+  (_mm256_xor_si256(x0, _mm256_set1_epi32(-1)))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_shift_left(x0, x1) \
+  (_mm256_slli_si256(x0, (x1)/8))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_shift_right(x0, x1) \
+  (_mm256_srli_si256(x0, (x1)/8))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_shift_left64(x0, x1) \
+  (_mm256_slli_epi64(x0, x1))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_shift_right64(x0, x1) \
+  (_mm256_srli_epi64(x0, x1))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_shift_left32(x0, x1) \
+  (_mm256_slli_epi32(x0, x1))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_shift_right32(x0, x1) \
+  (_mm256_srli_epi32(x0, x1))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_rotate_left32_8(x0) \
+  (_mm256_shuffle_epi8(x0, _mm256_set_epi8(14,13,12,15,10,9,8,11,6,5,4,7,2,1,0,3,14,13,12,15,10,9,8,11,6,5,4,7,2,1,0,3)))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_rotate_left32_16(x0) \
+  (_mm256_shuffle_epi8(x0, _mm256_set_epi8(13,12,15,14,9,8,11,10,5,4,7,6,1,0,3,2,13,12,15,14,9,8,11,10,5,4,7,6,1,0,3,2)))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_rotate_left32_24(x0) \
+  (_mm256_shuffle_epi8(x0, _mm256_set_epi8(12,15,14,13,8,11,10,9,4,7,6,5,0,3,2,1,12,15,14,13,8,11,10,9,4,7,6,5,0,3,2,1)))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_rotate_left32(x0,x1)	\
+  ((x1 == 8? Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_rotate_left32_8(x0) : \
+   (x1 == 16? Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_rotate_left32_16(x0) : \
+   (x1 == 24? Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_rotate_left32_24(x0) : \
+   _mm256_or_si256(_mm256_slli_epi32(x0,x1),_mm256_srli_epi32(x0,32-(x1)))))))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_rotate_right32(x0,x1)	\
+  (Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_rotate_left32(x0,32-(x1)))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_rotate_right64_8(x0) \
+  (_mm256_shuffle_epi8(x0, _mm256_set_epi8(8,15,14,13,12,11,10,9,0,7,6,5,4,3,2,1,8,15,14,13,12,11,10,9,0,7,6,5,4,3,2,1)))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_rotate_right64_16(x0) \
+  (_mm256_shuffle_epi8(x0, _mm256_set_epi8(9,8,15,14,13,12,11,10,1,0,7,6,5,4,3,2,9,8,15,14,13,12,11,10,1,0,7,6,5,4,3,2)))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_rotate_right64_24(x0) \
+  (_mm256_shuffle_epi8(x0, _mm256_set_epi8(10,9,8,15,14,13,12,11,2,1,0,7,6,5,4,3,10,9,8,15,14,13,12,11,2,1,0,7,6,5,4,3)))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_rotate_right64_32(x0) \
+  (_mm256_shuffle_epi8(x0, _mm256_set_epi8(11,10,9,8,15,14,13,12,3,2,1,0,7,6,5,4,11,10,9,8,15,14,13,12,3,2,1,0,7,6,5,4)))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_rotate_right64_40(x0) \
+  (_mm256_shuffle_epi8(x0, _mm256_set_epi8(12,11,10,9,8,15,14,13,4,3,2,1,0,7,6,5,12,11,10,9,8,15,14,13,4,3,2,1,0,7,6,5)))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_rotate_right64_48(x0) \
+  (_mm256_shuffle_epi8(x0, _mm256_set_epi8(13,12,11,10,9,8,15,14,5,4,3,2,1,0,7,6,13,12,11,10,9,8,15,14,5,4,3,2,1,0,7,6)))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_rotate_right64_56(x0) \
+  (_mm256_shuffle_epi8(x0, _mm256_set_epi8(14,13,12,11,10,9,8,15,6,5,4,3,2,1,0,7,14,13,12,11,10,9,8,15,6,5,4,3,2,1,0,7)))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_rotate_right64(x0,x1)	\
+  ((x1 == 8? Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_rotate_right64_8(x0) : \
+   (x1 == 16? Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_rotate_right64_16(x0) : \
+   (x1 == 24? Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_rotate_right64_24(x0) : \
+   (x1 == 32? Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_rotate_right64_32(x0) : \
+   (x1 == 40? Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_rotate_right64_40(x0) : \
+   (x1 == 48? Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_rotate_right64_48(x0) : \
+   (x1 == 56? Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_rotate_right64_56(x0) : \
+   _mm256_xor_si256(_mm256_srli_epi64((x0),(x1)),_mm256_slli_epi64((x0),(64-(x1))))))))))))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_rotate_left64(x0,x1)	\
+  (Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_rotate_right64(x0,64-(x1)))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_shuffle64(x0,  x1, x2, x3, x4)	\
+  (_mm256_permute4x64_epi64(x0, _MM_SHUFFLE(x4,x3,x2,x1)))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_shuffle32(x0, x1, x2, x3, x4, x5, x6, x7, x8)	\
+  (_mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(x0, _mm256_set_epi32(x8,x7,x6,x5,x4,x3,x2,x1)))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_rotate_right_lanes32(x0, x1)	\
+  (_mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(x0, _mm256_set_epi32((x1+7)%8,(x1+6)%8,(x1+5)%8,(x1+4)%8,(x1+3%8),(x1+2)%8,(x1+1)%8,x1%8)))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_rotate_right_lanes64(x0, x1)	\
+  (_mm256_permute4x64_epi64(x0, _MM_SHUFFLE((x1+3)%4,(x1+2)%4,(x1+1)%4,x1%4)))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_load32_le(x0) \
+  (_mm256_loadu_si256((__m256i*)(x0)))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_load64_le(x0) \
+  (_mm256_loadu_si256((__m256i*)(x0)))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_load32_be(x0)		\
+  (_mm256_shuffle_epi8(_mm256_loadu_si256((__m256i*)(x0)), _mm256_set_epi8(12, 13, 14, 15, 8, 9, 10, 11, 4, 5, 6, 7, 0, 1, 2, 3, 12, 13, 14, 15, 8, 9, 10, 11, 4, 5, 6, 7, 0, 1, 2, 3)))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_load64_be(x0)		\
+  (_mm256_shuffle_epi8(_mm256_loadu_si256((__m256i*)(x0)), _mm256_set_epi8(8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7)))
+
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_store32_le(x0, x1) \
+  (_mm256_storeu_si256((__m256i*)(x0), x1))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_store64_le(x0, x1) \
+  (_mm256_storeu_si256((__m256i*)(x0), x1))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_store32_be(x0, x1)	\
+  (_mm256_storeu_si256((__m256i*)(x0), _mm256_shuffle_epi8(x1, _mm256_set_epi8(12, 13, 14, 15, 8, 9, 10, 11, 4, 5, 6, 7, 0, 1, 2, 3, 12, 13, 14, 15, 8, 9, 10, 11, 4, 5, 6, 7, 0, 1, 2, 3))))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_store64_be(x0, x1)	\
+  (_mm256_storeu_si256((__m256i*)(x0), _mm256_shuffle_epi8(x1, _mm256_set_epi8(8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7))))
+
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_insert8(x0, x1, x2)	\
+  (_mm256_insert_epi8(x0, x1, x2))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_insert32(x0, x1, x2)	\
+  (_mm256_insert_epi32(x0, x1, x2))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_insert64(x0, x1, x2)	\
+  (_mm256_insert_epi64(x0, x1, x2))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_extract8(x0, x1)	\
+  (_mm256_extract_epi8(x0, x1))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_extract32(x0, x1)	\
+  (_mm256_extract_epi32(x0, x1))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_extract64(x0, x1)	\
+  (_mm256_extract_epi64(x0, x1))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_zero  \
+  (_mm256_setzero_si256())
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_add64(x0, x1) \
+  (_mm256_add_epi64(x0, x1))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_sub64(x0, x1)		\
+  (_mm256_sub_epi64(x0, x1))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_mul64(x0, x1) \
+  (_mm256_mul_epu32(x0, x1))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_smul64(x0, x1) \
+  (_mm256_mul_epu32(x0, _mm256_set1_epi64x(x1)))
+
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_add32(x0, x1) \
+  (_mm256_add_epi32(x0, x1))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_sub32(x0, x1)		\
+  (_mm256_sub_epi32(x0, x1))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_mul32(x0, x1) \
+  (_mm256_mullo_epi32(x0, x1))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_smul32(x0, x1) \
+  (_mm256_mullo_epi32(x0, _mm256_set1_epi32(x1)))
+
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_load64(x1) \
+  (_mm256_set1_epi64x(x1)) /* hi lo */
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_load64s(x0, x1, x2, x3) \
+  (_mm256_set_epi64x(x3,x2,x1,x0)) /* hi lo */
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_load32(x) \
+  (_mm256_set1_epi32(x))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_load32s(x0,x1,x2,x3,x4, x5, x6, x7) \
+  (_mm256_set_epi32(x7, x6, x5, x4, x3, x2, x1, x0)) /* hi lo */
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_load128(x) \
+  (_mm256_set_m128i((__m128i)x))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_load128s(x0,x1) \
+  (_mm256_set_m128i((__m128i)x1,(__m128i)x0))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_interleave_low32(x1, x2) \
+  (_mm256_unpacklo_epi32(x1, x2))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_interleave_high32(x1, x2) \
+  (_mm256_unpackhi_epi32(x1, x2))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_interleave_low64(x1, x2) \
+  (_mm256_unpacklo_epi64(x1, x2))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_interleave_high64(x1, x2) \
+  (_mm256_unpackhi_epi64(x1, x2))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_interleave_low128(x1, x2) \
+  (_mm256_permute2x128_si256(x1, x2, 0x20))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec256_interleave_high128(x1, x2) \
+  (_mm256_permute2x128_si256(x1, x2, 0x31))
+
+#endif /* HACL_CAN_COMPILE_VEC256 */
+
+#elif (defined(__aarch64__) || defined(_M_ARM64) || defined(__arm__) || defined(_M_ARM)) \
+      && !defined(__ARM_32BIT_STATE)
+
+#if defined(HACL_CAN_COMPILE_VEC128)
+
+#include <arm_neon.h>
+
+typedef uint32x4_t Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128;
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_xor(x0, x1) \
+  (veorq_u32(x0,x1))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_eq64(x0, x1) \
+  (vceqq_u32(x0,x1))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_eq32(x0, x1) \
+  (vceqq_u32(x0,x1))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_gt32(x0, x1) \
+  (vcgtq_u32(x0, x1))
+
+#define high32(x0) \
+  (vmovn_u64(vshrq_n_u64(vreinterpretq_u64_u32(x0),32)))
+
+#define low32(x0) \
+  (vmovn_u64(vreinterpretq_u64_u32(x0)))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_gt64(x0, x1) \
+  (vreinterpretq_u32_u64(vmovl_u32(vorr_u32(vcgt_u32(high32(x0),high32(x1)),vand_u32(vceq_u32(high32(x0),high32(x1)),vcgt_u32(low32(x0),low32(x1)))))))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_or(x0, x1) \
+  (vorrq_u32(x0, x1))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_and(x0, x1) \
+  (vandq_u32(x0, x1))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_lognot(x0) \
+  (vmvnq_u32(x0))
+
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_shift_left(x0, x1) \
+  (vextq_u32(x0, vdupq_n_u8(0), 16-(x1)/8))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_shift_right(x0, x1) \
+  (vextq_u32(x0, vdupq_n_u8(0), (x1)/8))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_shift_left64(x0, x1) \
+  (vreinterpretq_u32_u64(vshlq_n_u64(vreinterpretq_u64_u32(x0), x1)))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_shift_right64(x0, x1) \
+  (vreinterpretq_u32_u64(vshrq_n_u64(vreinterpretq_u64_u32(x0), x1)))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_shift_left32(x0, x1) \
+  (vshlq_n_u32(x0, x1))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_shift_right32(x0, x1) \
+  (vshrq_n_u32(x0, x1))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_rotate_left32_16(x1)	\
+  (vreinterpretq_u32_u16(vrev32q_u16(vreinterpretq_u16_u32(x1))))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_rotate_left32(x0,x1)	\
+  (((x1) == 16? Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_rotate_left32_16(x0) : \
+                vsriq_n_u32(vshlq_n_u32((x0),(x1)),(x0),32-(x1))))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_rotate_right32_16(x1)	\
+  (vreinterpretq_u32_u16(vrev32q_u16(vreinterpretq_u16_u32(x1))))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_rotate_right32(x0,x1)	\
+  (((x1) == 16? Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_rotate_right32_16(x0) : \
+                vsriq_n_u32(vshlq_n_u32((x0),32-(x1)),(x0),(x1))))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_rotate_right_lanes32(x0, x1)	\
+  (vextq_u32(x0,x0,x1))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_rotate_right_lanes64(x0, x1)	\
+  (vextq_u64(x0,x0,x1))
+
+
+/*
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_shuffle32(x0, x1, x2, x3, x4)	\
+  (_mm_shuffle_epi32(x0, _MM_SHUFFLE(x1,x2,x3,x4)))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_shuffle64(x0, x1, x2) \
+  (_mm_shuffle_epi32(x0, _MM_SHUFFLE(2*x1+1,2*x1,2*x2+1,2*x2)))
+*/
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_load32_le(x0) \
+  (vld1q_u32((const uint32_t*) (x0)))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_load64_le(x0) \
+  (vld1q_u32((const uint32_t*) (x0)))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_store32_le(x0, x1) \
+  (vst1q_u32((uint32_t*)(x0),(x1)))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_store64_le(x0, x1) \
+  (vst1q_u32((uint32_t*)(x0),(x1)))
+
+/*
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_load_be(x0)		\
+  (     Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 l = vrev64q_u8(vld1q_u32((uint32_t*)(x0)));
+
+*/
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_load32_be(x0)		\
+  (vreinterpretq_u32_u8(vrev32q_u8(vreinterpretq_u8_u32(vld1q_u32((const uint32_t*)(x0))))))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_load64_be(x0)		\
+  (vreinterpretq_u32_u8(vrev64q_u8(vreinterpretq_u8_u32(vld1q_u32((const uint32_t*)(x0))))))
+
+/*
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_store_be(x0, x1)	\
+  (_mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)(x0), _mm_shuffle_epi8(x1, _mm_set_epi8(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15))))
+*/
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_store32_be(x0, x1)	\
+  (vst1q_u32((uint32_t*)(x0),(vreinterpretq_u32_u8(vrev32q_u8(vreinterpretq_u8_u32(x1))))))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_store64_be(x0, x1)	\
+  (vst1q_u32((uint32_t*)(x0),(vreinterpretq_u32_u8(vrev64q_u8(vreinterpretq_u8_u32(x1))))))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_insert8(x0, x1, x2)	\
+  (vsetq_lane_u8(x1,x0,x2))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_insert32(x0, x1, x2)	\
+  (vsetq_lane_u32(x1,x0,x2))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_insert64(x0, x1, x2)	\
+  (vreinterpretq_u32_u64(vsetq_lane_u64(x1,vreinterpretq_u64_u32(x0),x2)))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_extract8(x0, x1)	\
+  (vgetq_lane_u8(x0,x1))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_extract32(x0, x1)	\
+  (vgetq_lane_u32(x0,x1))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_extract64(x0, x1)	\
+  (vgetq_lane_u64(vreinterpretq_u64_u32(x0),x1))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_zero  \
+  (vdupq_n_u32(0))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_add64(x0, x1) \
+  (vreinterpretq_u32_u64(vaddq_u64(vreinterpretq_u64_u32(x0), vreinterpretq_u64_u32(x1))))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_sub64(x0, x1)		\
+  (vreinterpretq_u32_u64(vsubq_u64(vreinterpretq_u64_u32(x0), vreinterpretq_u64_u32(x1))))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_mul64(x0, x1) \
+  (vreinterpretq_u32_u64(vmull_u32(vmovn_u64(vreinterpretq_u64_u32(x0)), vmovn_u64(vreinterpretq_u64_u32(x1)))))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_smul64(x0, x1) \
+  (vreinterpretq_u32_u64(vmull_n_u32(vmovn_u64(vreinterpretq_u64_u32(x0)), (uint32_t)x1)))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_add32(x0, x1) \
+  (vaddq_u32(x0, x1))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_sub32(x0, x1)		\
+  (vsubq_u32(x0, x1))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_mul32(x0, x1) \
+  (vmulq_lane_u32(x0, x1))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_smul32(x0, x1) \
+  (vmulq_lane_u32(x0, vdupq_n_u32(x1)))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_load128(x) \
+  ((uint32x4_t)(x))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_load64(x) \
+  (vreinterpretq_u32_u64(vdupq_n_u64(x))) /* hi lo */
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_load32(x) \
+  (vdupq_n_u32(x)) /* hi lo */
+
+static inline Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_load64s(uint64_t x1, uint64_t x2){
+  const uint64_t a[2] = {x1,x2};
+  return vreinterpretq_u32_u64(vld1q_u64(a));
+}
+
+static inline Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128 Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_load32s(uint32_t x1, uint32_t x2, uint32_t x3, uint32_t x4){
+  const uint32_t a[4] = {x1,x2,x3,x4};
+  return vld1q_u32(a);
+}
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_interleave_low32(x1, x2) \
+  (vzip1q_u32(x1,x2))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_interleave_high32(x1, x2) \
+  (vzip2q_u32(x1,x2))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_interleave_low64(x1,x2) \
+  (vreinterpretq_u32_u64(vzip1q_u64(vreinterpretq_u64_u32(x1),vreinterpretq_u64_u32(x2))))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_interleave_high64(x1,x2) \
+  (vreinterpretq_u32_u64(vzip2q_u64(vreinterpretq_u64_u32(x1),vreinterpretq_u64_u32(x2))))
+
+#endif /* HACL_CAN_COMPILE_VEC128 */
+
+/* IBM z architecture */
+#elif defined(__s390x__) /* this flag is for GCC only */
+
+#if defined(HACL_CAN_COMPILE_VEC128)
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <vecintrin.h>
+
+/* The main vector 128 type
+ * We can't use uint8_t, uint32_t, uint64_t... instead of unsigned char,
+ * unsigned int, unsigned long long: the compiler complains that the parameter
+ * combination is invalid. */
+typedef unsigned char vector128_8 __attribute__ ((vector_size(16)));
+typedef unsigned int vector128_32 __attribute__ ((vector_size(16)));
+typedef unsigned long long vector128_64 __attribute__ ((vector_size(16)));
+
+typedef vector128_8 Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128;
+typedef vector128_8 vector128;
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_load32_le(x)                 \
+  (vector128) ((vector128_32) vec_revb(*((vector128_32*) (const uint8_t*)(x))))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_load32_be(x)                 \
+  (vector128) (*((vector128_32*) (const uint8_t*)(x)))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_load64_le(x)                 \
+  (vector128) ((vector128_64) vec_revb(*((vector128_64*) (const uint8_t*)(x))))
+
+static inline
+void Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_store32_le(const uint8_t *x0, vector128 x1) {
+  *((vector128_32*)x0) = vec_revb((vector128_32) x1);
+}
+
+static inline
+void Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_store32_be(const uint8_t *x0, vector128 x1) {
+  *((vector128_32*)x0) = (vector128_32) x1;
+}
+
+static inline
+void Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_store64_le(const uint8_t *x0, vector128 x1) {
+  *((vector128_64*)x0) = vec_revb((vector128_64) x1);
+}
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_add32(x0,x1)            \
+  ((vector128)((vector128_32)(((vector128_32)(x0)) + ((vector128_32)(x1)))))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_add64(x0, x1)           \
+  ((vector128)((vector128_64)(((vector128_64)(x0)) + ((vector128_64)(x1)))))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_and(x0, x1)             \
+  ((vector128)(vec_and((vector128)(x0),(vector128)(x1))))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_eq32(x0, x1)            \
+  ((vector128)(vec_cmpeq(((vector128_32)(x0)),((vector128_32)(x1)))))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_eq64(x0, x1)            \
+  ((vector128)(vec_cmpeq(((vector128_64)(x0)),((vector128_64)(x1)))))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_extract32(x0, x1)       \
+  ((unsigned int)(vec_extract((vector128_32)(x0), x1)))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_extract64(x0, x1)       \
+  ((unsigned long long)(vec_extract((vector128_64)(x0), x1)))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_gt32(x0, x1)                   \
+  ((vector128)((vector128_32)(((vector128_32)(x0)) > ((vector128_32)(x1)))))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_gt64(x0, x1)                   \
+  ((vector128)((vector128_64)(((vector128_64)(x0)) > ((vector128_64)(x1)))))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_insert32(x0, x1, x2)           \
+  ((vector128)((vector128_32)vec_insert((unsigned int)(x1), (vector128_32)(x0), x2)))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_insert64(x0, x1, x2)           \
+  ((vector128)((vector128_64)vec_insert((unsigned long long)(x1), (vector128_64)(x0), x2)))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_interleave_high32(x0, x1)      \
+  ((vector128)((vector128_32)vec_mergel((vector128_32)(x0), (vector128_32)(x1))))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_interleave_high64(x0, x1)      \
+  ((vector128)((vector128_64)vec_mergel((vector128_64)(x0), (vector128_64)(x1))))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_interleave_low32(x0, x1)       \
+  ((vector128)((vector128_32)vec_mergeh((vector128_32)(x0), (vector128_32)(x1))))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_interleave_low64(x0, x1)       \
+  ((vector128)((vector128_64)vec_mergeh((vector128_64)(x0), (vector128_64)(x1))))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_load32(x)                      \
+  ((vector128)((vector128_32){(unsigned int)(x), (unsigned int)(x),     \
+        (unsigned int)(x), (unsigned int)(x)}))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_load32s(x0, x1, x2, x3) \
+  ((vector128)((vector128_32){(unsigned int)(x0),(unsigned int)(x1),(unsigned int)(x2),(unsigned int)(x3)}))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_load64(x)                      \
+  ((vector128)((vector128_64)vec_load_pair((unsigned long long)(x),(unsigned long long)(x))))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_lognot(x0)                     \
+  ((vector128)(vec_xor((vector128)(x0), (vector128)vec_splat_u32(-1))))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_mul64(x0, x1)                  \
+  ((vector128)(vec_mulo((vector128_32)(x0), \
+                        (vector128_32)(x1))))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_or(x0, x1)              \
+  ((vector128)(vec_or((vector128)(x0),(vector128)(x1))))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_rotate_left32(x0, x1)           \
+  ((vector128)(vec_rli((vector128_32)(x0), (unsigned long)(x1))))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_rotate_right32(x0, x1)          \
+  (Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_rotate_left32(x0,(uint32_t)(32-(x1))))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_rotate_right_lanes32(x0, x1)    \
+  ((vector128)(vec_sld((vector128)(x0), (vector128)(x0), (x1%4)*4)))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_shift_left64(x0, x1)            \
+  (((vector128)((vector128_64)vec_rli((vector128_64)(x0), (unsigned long)(x1)))) & \
+   ((vector128)((vector128_64){0xffffffffffffffff << (x1), 0xffffffffffffffff << (x1)})))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_shift_right64(x0, x1)         \
+  (((vector128)((vector128_64)vec_rli((vector128_64)(x0), (unsigned long)(64-(x1))))) & \
+   ((vector128)((vector128_64){0xffffffffffffffff >> (x1), 0xffffffffffffffff >> (x1)})))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_shift_right32(x0, x1)         \
+  (((vector128)((vector128_32)vec_rli((vector128_32)(x0), (unsigned int)(32-(x1))))) & \
+   ((vector128)((vector128_32){0xffffffff >> (x1), 0xffffffff >> (x1), \
+                               0xffffffff >> (x1), 0xffffffff >> (x1)})))
+
+/* Doesn't work with vec_splat_u64 */
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_smul64(x0, x1)          \
+  ((vector128)(Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_mul64(x0,((vector128_64){(unsigned long long)(x1),(unsigned long long)(x1)}))))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_sub64(x0, x1)   \
+  ((vector128)((vector128_64)(x0) - (vector128_64)(x1)))
+
+static inline
+vector128 Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_xor(vector128 x0, vector128 x1) {
+  return ((vector128)(vec_xor((vector128)(x0), (vector128)(x1))));
+}
+
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_zero \
+  ((vector128){})
+
+#endif /* HACL_CAN_COMPILE_VEC128 */
+
+#elif defined(__powerpc64__) // PowerPC 64 - this flag is for GCC only
+
+#if defined(HACL_CAN_COMPILE_VEC128)
+
+#include <altivec.h>
+#include <string.h> // for memcpy
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+// The main vector 128 type
+// We can't use uint8_t, uint32_t, uint64_t... instead of unsigned char,
+// unsigned int, unsigned long long: the compiler complains that the parameter
+// combination is invalid.
+typedef vector unsigned char vector128_8;
+typedef vector unsigned int vector128_32;
+typedef vector unsigned long long vector128_64;
+
+typedef vector128_8 Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128;
+typedef vector128_8 vector128;
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_load32_le(x) \
+  ((vector128)((vector128_32)(vec_xl(0, (const unsigned int*) ((const uint8_t*)(x))))))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_load64_le(x) \
+  ((vector128)((vector128_64)(vec_xl(0, (const unsigned long long*) ((const uint8_t*)(x))))))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_store32_le(x0, x1) \
+  (vec_xst((vector128_32)(x1), 0, (unsigned int*) ((uint8_t*)(x0))))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_store64_le(x0, x1) \
+  (vec_xst((vector128_64)(x1), 0, (unsigned long long*) ((uint8_t*)(x0))))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_add32(x0,x1)            \
+  ((vector128)((vector128_32)(((vector128_32)(x0)) + ((vector128_32)(x1)))))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_add64(x0, x1)           \
+  ((vector128)((vector128_64)(((vector128_64)(x0)) + ((vector128_64)(x1)))))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_and(x0, x1)             \
+  ((vector128)(vec_and((vector128)(x0),(vector128)(x1))))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_eq32(x0, x1)            \
+  ((vector128)(vec_cmpeq(((vector128_32)(x0)),((vector128_32)(x1)))))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_eq64(x0, x1)            \
+  ((vector128)(vec_cmpeq(((vector128_64)(x0)),((vector128_64)(x1)))))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_extract32(x0, x1)       \
+  ((unsigned int)(vec_extract((vector128_32)(x0), x1)))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_extract64(x0, x1)       \
+  ((unsigned long long)(vec_extract((vector128_64)(x0), x1)))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_gt32(x0, x1)                   \
+  ((vector128)((vector128_32)(((vector128_32)(x0)) > ((vector128_32)(x1)))))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_gt64(x0, x1)                   \
+  ((vector128)((vector128_64)(((vector128_64)(x0)) > ((vector128_64)(x1)))))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_insert32(x0, x1, x2)           \
+  ((vector128)((vector128_32)vec_insert((unsigned int)(x1), (vector128_32)(x0), x2)))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_insert64(x0, x1, x2)           \
+  ((vector128)((vector128_64)vec_insert((unsigned long long)(x1), (vector128_64)(x0), x2)))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_interleave_high32(x0, x1)      \
+  ((vector128)((vector128_32)vec_mergel((vector128_32)(x0), (vector128_32)(x1))))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_interleave_high64(x0, x1)      \
+  ((vector128)((vector128_64)vec_mergel((vector128_64)(x0), (vector128_64)(x1))))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_interleave_low32(x0, x1)       \
+  ((vector128)((vector128_32)vec_mergeh((vector128_32)(x0), (vector128_32)(x1))))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_interleave_low64(x0, x1)       \
+  ((vector128)((vector128_64)vec_mergeh((vector128_64)(x0), (vector128_64)(x1))))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_load32(x)                      \
+  ((vector128)((vector128_32){(unsigned int)(x), (unsigned int)(x),     \
+        (unsigned int)(x), (unsigned int)(x)}))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_load32s(x0, x1, x2, x3) \
+  ((vector128)((vector128_32){(unsigned int)(x0),(unsigned int)(x1),(unsigned int)(x2),(unsigned int)(x3)}))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_load64(x)                      \
+  ((vector128)((vector128_64){(unsigned long long)(x),(unsigned long long)(x)}))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_lognot(x0)                     \
+  ((vector128)(vec_xor((vector128)(x0), (vector128)vec_splat_u32(-1))))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_mul64(x0, x1)                  \
+    ((vector128)(vec_mule((vector128_32)(x0),                          \
+                          (vector128_32)(x1))))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_or(x0, x1)              \
+  ((vector128)(vec_or((vector128)(x0),(vector128)(x1))))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_rotate_left32(x0, x1)           \
+  ((vector128)(vec_rl((vector128_32)(x0), (vector128_32){(unsigned int)(x1),(unsigned int)(x1),(unsigned int)(x1),(unsigned int)(x1)})))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_rotate_right32(x0, x1)          \
+  (Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_rotate_left32(x0,(uint32_t)(32-(x1))))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_rotate_right_lanes32(x0, x1)    \
+  ((vector128)(vec_sld((vector128)(x0), (vector128)(x0), ((4-(x1))%4)*4)))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_shift_left64(x0, x1)            \
+  ((vector128)((vector128_64)vec_sl((vector128_64)(x0), (vector128_64){(unsigned long)(x1),(unsigned long)(x1)})))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_shift_right64(x0, x1)         \
+  ((vector128)((vector128_64)vec_sr((vector128_64)(x0), (vector128_64){(unsigned long)(x1),(unsigned long)(x1)})))
+
+// Doesn't work with vec_splat_u64
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_smul64(x0, x1)          \
+  ((vector128)(Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_mul64(x0,((vector128_64){(unsigned long long)(x1),(unsigned long long)(x1)}))))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_sub64(x0, x1)   \
+  ((vector128)((vector128_64)(x0) - (vector128_64)(x1)))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_xor(x0, x1)  \
+  ((vector128)(vec_xor((vector128)(x0), (vector128)(x1))))
+
+#define Lib_IntVector_Intrinsics_vec128_zero \
+  ((vector128){})
+
+#endif /* HACL_CAN_COMPILE_VEC128 */
+
+#endif // PowerPC64
+
+// DEBUGGING:
+// If libintvector_debug.h exists, use it to debug the current implementations.
+// Note that some flags must be enabled for the debugging to be effective:
+// see libintvector_debug.h for more details.
+#if defined(__has_include)
+#if __has_include("libintvector_debug.h")
+#include "libintvector_debug.h"
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#endif // __Vec_Intrin_H
diff --git a/Modules/_hacl/python_hacl_namespaces.h b/Modules/_hacl/python_hacl_namespaces.h
index 684e7fd2fbefbc..8a1f4aef384d62 100644
--- a/Modules/_hacl/python_hacl_namespaces.h
+++ b/Modules/_hacl/python_hacl_namespaces.h
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  * conflicts with builds linking or dynamically loading other code potentially
  * using HACL* libraries.
  *
- * To make sure this is effective: cd Modules && nm -a *.o | grep Hacl
+ * Something like this to generate new entries for the list: nm *.o | grep Hacl | cut -c 20- | sort | uniq | grep -v python_hashlib | egrep ^_ | gsed 's/_\(.*\)/#define \1 python_hashlib_\1/'
  */
 
 #define Hacl_Hash_SHA2_state_sha2_224_s python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_SHA2_state_sha2_224_s
@@ -86,4 +86,127 @@
 #define Hacl_Hash_SHA3_update python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_SHA3_update
 #define Hacl_Hash_SHA3_squeeze python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_SHA3_squeeze
 
+#define Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_copy python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_copy
+#define Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_digest python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_digest
+#define Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_finish python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_finish
+#define Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_free python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_free
+#define Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_hash_with_key python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_hash_with_key
+#define Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_hash_with_key_and_params python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_hash_with_key_and_params
+#define Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_info python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_info
+#define Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_init python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_init
+#define Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_load_state256b_from_state32 python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_load_state256b_from_state32
+#define Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_malloc python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_malloc
+#define Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_malloc_with_key python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_malloc_with_key
+#define Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_malloc_with_key0 python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_malloc_with_key0
+#define Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_malloc_with_params_and_key python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_malloc_with_params_and_key
+#define Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_reset python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_reset
+#define Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_reset_with_key python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_reset_with_key
+#define Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_reset_with_key_and_params python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_reset_with_key_and_params
+#define Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_store_state256b_to_state32 python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_store_state256b_to_state32
+#define Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_update python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_update
+#define Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_update_last python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_update_last
+#define Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_update_multi python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_update_multi
+#define Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_copy python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_copy
+#define Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_digest python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_digest
+#define Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_finish python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_finish
+#define Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_free python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_free
+#define Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_hash_with_key python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_hash_with_key
+#define Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_hash_with_key_and_params python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_hash_with_key_and_params
+#define Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_info python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_info
+#define Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_init python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_init
+#define Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_malloc python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_malloc
+#define Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_malloc_with_key python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_malloc_with_key
+#define Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_malloc_with_params_and_key python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_malloc_with_params_and_key
+#define Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_reset python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_reset
+#define Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_reset_with_key python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_reset_with_key
+#define Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_reset_with_key_and_params python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_reset_with_key_and_params
+#define Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_update python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_update
+#define Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_update_last python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_update_last
+#define Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_update_multi python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_update_multi
+#define Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_copy python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_copy
+#define Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_digest python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_digest
+#define Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_finish python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_finish
+#define Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_free python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_free
+#define Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_hash_with_key python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_hash_with_key
+#define Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_hash_with_key_and_params python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_hash_with_key_and_params
+#define Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_info python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_info
+#define Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_init python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_init
+#define Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_load_state128s_from_state32 python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_load_state128s_from_state32
+#define Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_malloc python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_malloc
+#define Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_malloc_with_key python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_malloc_with_key
+#define Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_malloc_with_key0 python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_malloc_with_key0
+#define Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_malloc_with_params_and_key python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_malloc_with_params_and_key
+#define Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_reset python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_reset
+#define Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_reset_with_key python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_reset_with_key
+#define Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_reset_with_key_and_params python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_reset_with_key_and_params
+#define Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_store_state128s_to_state32 python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_store_state128s_to_state32
+#define Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_update python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_update
+#define Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_update_last python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_update_last
+#define Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_update_multi python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_update_multi
+#define Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_copy python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_copy
+#define Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_digest python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_digest
+#define Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_finish python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_finish
+#define Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_free python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_free
+#define Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_hash_with_key python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_hash_with_key
+#define Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_hash_with_key_and_params python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_hash_with_key_and_params
+#define Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_info python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_info
+#define Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_init python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_init
+#define Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_malloc python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_malloc
+#define Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_malloc_with_key python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_malloc_with_key
+#define Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_malloc_with_params_and_key python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_malloc_with_params_and_key
+#define Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_reset python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_reset
+#define Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_reset_with_key python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_reset_with_key
+#define Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_reset_with_key_and_params python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_reset_with_key_and_params
+#define Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_update python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_update
+#define Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_update_last python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_update_last
+#define Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_update_multi python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_update_multi
+#define Hacl_Hash_MD5_finish python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_MD5_finish
+#define Hacl_Hash_MD5_hash_oneshot python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_MD5_hash_oneshot
+#define Hacl_Hash_MD5_reset python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_MD5_reset
+#define Hacl_Hash_MD5_update_last python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_MD5_update_last
+#define Hacl_Hash_MD5_update_multi python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_MD5_update_multi
+#define Hacl_Hash_SHA1_finish python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_SHA1_finish
+#define Hacl_Hash_SHA1_hash_oneshot python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_SHA1_hash_oneshot
+#define Hacl_Hash_SHA1_reset python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_SHA1_reset
+#define Hacl_Hash_SHA1_update_last python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_SHA1_update_last
+#define Hacl_Hash_SHA1_update_multi python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_SHA1_update_multi
+#define Hacl_Hash_SHA2_hash_224 python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_SHA2_hash_224
+#define Hacl_Hash_SHA2_hash_256 python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_SHA2_hash_256
+#define Hacl_Hash_SHA2_hash_384 python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_SHA2_hash_384
+#define Hacl_Hash_SHA2_hash_512 python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_SHA2_hash_512
+#define Hacl_Hash_SHA2_reset_224 python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_SHA2_reset_224
+#define Hacl_Hash_SHA2_reset_256 python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_SHA2_reset_256
+#define Hacl_Hash_SHA2_reset_384 python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_SHA2_reset_384
+#define Hacl_Hash_SHA2_reset_512 python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_SHA2_reset_512
+#define Hacl_Hash_SHA2_sha224_finish python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_SHA2_sha224_finish
+#define Hacl_Hash_SHA2_sha224_init python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_SHA2_sha224_init
+#define Hacl_Hash_SHA2_sha224_update_last python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_SHA2_sha224_update_last
+#define Hacl_Hash_SHA2_sha256_finish python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_SHA2_sha256_finish
+#define Hacl_Hash_SHA2_sha256_init python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_SHA2_sha256_init
+#define Hacl_Hash_SHA2_sha256_update_last python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_SHA2_sha256_update_last
+#define Hacl_Hash_SHA2_sha256_update_nblocks python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_SHA2_sha256_update_nblocks
+#define Hacl_Hash_SHA2_sha384_finish python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_SHA2_sha384_finish
+#define Hacl_Hash_SHA2_sha384_init python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_SHA2_sha384_init
+#define Hacl_Hash_SHA2_sha384_update_last python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_SHA2_sha384_update_last
+#define Hacl_Hash_SHA2_sha384_update_nblocks python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_SHA2_sha384_update_nblocks
+#define Hacl_Hash_SHA2_sha512_finish python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_SHA2_sha512_finish
+#define Hacl_Hash_SHA2_sha512_init python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_SHA2_sha512_init
+#define Hacl_Hash_SHA2_sha512_update_last python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_SHA2_sha512_update_last
+#define Hacl_Hash_SHA2_sha512_update_nblocks python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_SHA2_sha512_update_nblocks
+#define Hacl_Hash_SHA3_absorb_inner_32 python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_SHA3_absorb_inner_32
+#define Hacl_Hash_SHA3_keccak_piln python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_SHA3_keccak_piln
+#define Hacl_Hash_SHA3_keccak_rndc python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_SHA3_keccak_rndc
+#define Hacl_Hash_SHA3_keccak_rotc python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_SHA3_keccak_rotc
+#define Hacl_Hash_SHA3_sha3_224 python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_SHA3_sha3_224
+#define Hacl_Hash_SHA3_sha3_256 python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_SHA3_sha3_256
+#define Hacl_Hash_SHA3_sha3_384 python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_SHA3_sha3_384
+#define Hacl_Hash_SHA3_sha3_512 python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_SHA3_sha3_512
+#define Hacl_Hash_SHA3_shake128 python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_SHA3_shake128
+#define Hacl_Hash_SHA3_shake128_absorb_final python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_SHA3_shake128_absorb_final
+#define Hacl_Hash_SHA3_shake128_absorb_nblocks python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_SHA3_shake128_absorb_nblocks
+#define Hacl_Hash_SHA3_shake128_squeeze_nblocks python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_SHA3_shake128_squeeze_nblocks
+#define Hacl_Hash_SHA3_shake256 python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_SHA3_shake256
+#define Hacl_Hash_SHA3_state_free python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_SHA3_state_free
+#define Hacl_Hash_SHA3_state_malloc python_hashlib_Hacl_Hash_SHA3_state_malloc
+
 #endif  // _PYTHON_HACL_NAMESPACES_H
diff --git a/Modules/_hacl/refresh.sh b/Modules/_hacl/refresh.sh
index 3878e02af31a21..6234fea9f17bc7 100755
--- a/Modules/_hacl/refresh.sh
+++ b/Modules/_hacl/refresh.sh
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ fi
 
 # Update this when updating to a new version after verifying that the changes
 # the update brings in are good.
-expected_hacl_star_rev=bb3d0dc8d9d15a5cd51094d5b69e70aa09005ff0
+expected_hacl_star_rev=315a9e491d2bc347b9dae99e0ea506995ea84d9d
 
 hacl_dir="$(realpath "$1")"
 cd "$(dirname "$0")"
@@ -40,19 +40,35 @@ fi
 
 declare -a dist_files
 dist_files=(
-  Hacl_Hash_SHA2.h
   Hacl_Streaming_Types.h
-  Hacl_Hash_SHA1.h
-  internal/Hacl_Hash_SHA1.h
   Hacl_Hash_MD5.h
+  Hacl_Hash_SHA1.h
+  Hacl_Hash_SHA2.h
   Hacl_Hash_SHA3.h
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b.h
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2s.h
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256.h
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128.h
   internal/Hacl_Hash_MD5.h
-  internal/Hacl_Hash_SHA3.h
-  Hacl_Hash_SHA2.c
+  internal/Hacl_Hash_SHA1.h
   internal/Hacl_Hash_SHA2.h
-  Hacl_Hash_SHA1.c
+  internal/Hacl_Hash_SHA3.h
+  internal/Hacl_Hash_Blake2b.h
+  internal/Hacl_Hash_Blake2s.h
+  internal/Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256.h
+  internal/Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128.h
+  internal/Hacl_Impl_Blake2_Constants.h
   Hacl_Hash_MD5.c
+  Hacl_Hash_SHA1.c
+  Hacl_Hash_SHA2.c
   Hacl_Hash_SHA3.c
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b.c
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2s.c
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256.c
+  Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128.c
+  libintvector.h
+  lib_memzero0.h
+  Lib_Memzero0.c
 )
 
 declare -a include_files
@@ -131,9 +147,13 @@ $sed -i -z 's!#include <string.h>\n!#include <string.h>\n#include "python_hacl_n
 
 # Finally, we remove a bunch of ifdefs from target.h that are, again, useful in
 # the general case, but not exercised by the subset of HACL* that we vendor.
-$sed -z -i 's!#ifndef KRML_\(PRE_ALIGN\|POST_ALIGN\|ALIGNED_MALLOC\|ALIGNED_FREE\|HOST_TIME\)\n\(\n\|#  [^\n]*\n\|[^#][^\n]*\n\)*#endif\n\n!!g' include/krml/internal/target.h
+$sed -z -i 's!#ifndef KRML_\(HOST_TIME\)\n\(\n\|#  [^\n]*\n\|[^#][^\n]*\n\)*#endif\n\n!!g' include/krml/internal/target.h
 $sed -z -i 's!\n\n\([^#][^\n]*\n\)*#define KRML_\(EABORT\|EXIT\)[^\n]*\(\n  [^\n]*\)*!!g' include/krml/internal/target.h
 $sed -z -i 's!\n\n\([^#][^\n]*\n\)*#if [^\n]*\n\(  [^\n]*\n\)*#define  KRML_\(EABORT\|EXIT\|CHECK_SIZE\)[^\n]*\(\n  [^\n]*\)*!!g' include/krml/internal/target.h
 $sed -z -i 's!\n\n\([^#][^\n]*\n\)*#if [^\n]*\n\(  [^\n]*\n\)*#  define _\?KRML_\(DEPRECATED\|HOST_SNPRINTF\)[^\n]*\n\([^#][^\n]*\n\|#el[^\n]*\n\|#  [^\n]*\n\)*#endif!!g' include/krml/internal/target.h
 
+# Step 3: trim whitespace (for the linter)
+
+find . -name '*.c' -or -name '*.h' | xargs $sed -i 's![[:space:]]\+$!!'
+
 echo "Updated; verify all is okay using git diff and git status."
diff --git a/Modules/_hashopenssl.c b/Modules/_hashopenssl.c
index 14d9c186151232..2c9a9feecc79f0 100644
--- a/Modules/_hashopenssl.c
+++ b/Modules/_hashopenssl.c
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@
 #include <stdbool.h>
 #include "Python.h"
 #include "pycore_hashtable.h"
-#include "pycore_pyhash.h"        // _Py_HashBytes()
 #include "pycore_strhex.h"        // _Py_strhex()
 #include "hashlib.h"
 
@@ -186,7 +185,7 @@ static const py_hashentry_t py_hashes[] = {
 
 static Py_uhash_t
 py_hashentry_t_hash_name(const void *key) {
-    return _Py_HashBytes(key, strlen((const char *)key));
+    return Py_HashBuffer(key, strlen((const char *)key));
 }
 
 static int
diff --git a/Modules/_interpchannelsmodule.c b/Modules/_interpchannelsmodule.c
index ff8dacf5bd1ad0..8e6b21db76e01c 100644
--- a/Modules/_interpchannelsmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/_interpchannelsmodule.c
@@ -18,7 +18,9 @@
 #endif
 
 #define REGISTERS_HEAP_TYPES
+#define HAS_UNBOUND_ITEMS
 #include "_interpreters_common.h"
+#undef HAS_UNBOUND_ITEMS
 #undef REGISTERS_HEAP_TYPES
 
 
@@ -26,6 +28,7 @@
 This module has the following process-global state:
 
 _globals (static struct globals):
+    mutex (PyMutex)
     module_count (int)
     channels (struct _channels):
         numopen (int64_t)
@@ -511,8 +514,14 @@ _waiting_finish_releasing(_waiting_t *waiting)
 struct _channelitem;
 
 typedef struct _channelitem {
+    /* The interpreter that added the item to the queue.
+       The actual bound interpid is found in item->data.
+       This is necessary because item->data might be NULL,
+       meaning the interpreter has been destroyed. */
+    int64_t interpid;
     _PyCrossInterpreterData *data;
     _waiting_t *waiting;
+    int unboundop;
     struct _channelitem *next;
 } _channelitem;
 
@@ -524,11 +533,22 @@ _channelitem_ID(_channelitem *item)
 
 static void
 _channelitem_init(_channelitem *item,
-                  _PyCrossInterpreterData *data, _waiting_t *waiting)
+                  int64_t interpid, _PyCrossInterpreterData *data,
+                  _waiting_t *waiting, int unboundop)
 {
+    if (interpid < 0) {
+        interpid = _get_interpid(data);
+    }
+    else {
+        assert(data == NULL
+               || _PyCrossInterpreterData_INTERPID(data) < 0
+               || interpid == _PyCrossInterpreterData_INTERPID(data));
+    }
     *item = (_channelitem){
+        .interpid = interpid,
         .data = data,
         .waiting = waiting,
+        .unboundop = unboundop,
     };
     if (waiting != NULL) {
         waiting->itemid = _channelitem_ID(item);
@@ -536,17 +556,15 @@ _channelitem_init(_channelitem *item,
 }
 
 static void
-_channelitem_clear(_channelitem *item)
+_channelitem_clear_data(_channelitem *item, int removed)
 {
-    item->next = NULL;
-
     if (item->data != NULL) {
         // It was allocated in channel_send().
         (void)_release_xid_data(item->data, XID_IGNORE_EXC & XID_FREE);
         item->data = NULL;
     }
 
-    if (item->waiting != NULL) {
+    if (item->waiting != NULL && removed) {
         if (item->waiting->status == WAITING_ACQUIRED) {
             _waiting_release(item->waiting, 0);
         }
@@ -554,15 +572,23 @@ _channelitem_clear(_channelitem *item)
     }
 }
 
+static void
+_channelitem_clear(_channelitem *item)
+{
+    item->next = NULL;
+    _channelitem_clear_data(item, 1);
+}
+
 static _channelitem *
-_channelitem_new(_PyCrossInterpreterData *data, _waiting_t *waiting)
+_channelitem_new(int64_t interpid, _PyCrossInterpreterData *data,
+                 _waiting_t *waiting, int unboundop)
 {
     _channelitem *item = GLOBAL_MALLOC(_channelitem);
     if (item == NULL) {
         PyErr_NoMemory();
         return NULL;
     }
-    _channelitem_init(item, data, waiting);
+    _channelitem_init(item, interpid, data, waiting, unboundop);
     return item;
 }
 
@@ -585,17 +611,48 @@ _channelitem_free_all(_channelitem *item)
 
 static void
 _channelitem_popped(_channelitem *item,
-                    _PyCrossInterpreterData **p_data, _waiting_t **p_waiting)
+                    _PyCrossInterpreterData **p_data, _waiting_t **p_waiting,
+                    int *p_unboundop)
 {
     assert(item->waiting == NULL || item->waiting->status == WAITING_ACQUIRED);
     *p_data = item->data;
     *p_waiting = item->waiting;
+    *p_unboundop = item->unboundop;
     // We clear them here, so they won't be released in _channelitem_clear().
     item->data = NULL;
     item->waiting = NULL;
     _channelitem_free(item);
 }
 
+static int
+_channelitem_clear_interpreter(_channelitem *item)
+{
+    assert(item->interpid >= 0);
+    if (item->data == NULL) {
+        // Its interpreter was already cleared (or it was never bound).
+        // For UNBOUND_REMOVE it should have been freed at that time.
+        assert(item->unboundop != UNBOUND_REMOVE);
+        return 0;
+    }
+    assert(_PyCrossInterpreterData_INTERPID(item->data) == item->interpid);
+
+    switch (item->unboundop) {
+    case UNBOUND_REMOVE:
+        // The caller must free/clear it.
+        return 1;
+    case UNBOUND_ERROR:
+    case UNBOUND_REPLACE:
+        // We won't need the cross-interpreter data later
+        // so we completely throw it away.
+        _channelitem_clear_data(item, 0);
+        return 0;
+    default:
+        Py_FatalError("not reachable");
+        return -1;
+    }
+}
+
+
 typedef struct _channelqueue {
     int64_t count;
     _channelitem *first;
@@ -634,9 +691,10 @@ _channelqueue_free(_channelqueue *queue)
 
 static int
 _channelqueue_put(_channelqueue *queue,
-                  _PyCrossInterpreterData *data, _waiting_t *waiting)
+                  int64_t interpid, _PyCrossInterpreterData *data,
+                  _waiting_t *waiting, int unboundop)
 {
-    _channelitem *item = _channelitem_new(data, waiting);
+    _channelitem *item = _channelitem_new(interpid, data, waiting, unboundop);
     if (item == NULL) {
         return -1;
     }
@@ -659,7 +717,8 @@ _channelqueue_put(_channelqueue *queue,
 
 static int
 _channelqueue_get(_channelqueue *queue,
-                  _PyCrossInterpreterData **p_data, _waiting_t **p_waiting)
+                  _PyCrossInterpreterData **p_data, _waiting_t **p_waiting,
+                  int *p_unboundop)
 {
     _channelitem *item = queue->first;
     if (item == NULL) {
@@ -671,7 +730,7 @@ _channelqueue_get(_channelqueue *queue,
     }
     queue->count -= 1;
 
-    _channelitem_popped(item, p_data, p_waiting);
+    _channelitem_popped(item, p_data, p_waiting, p_unboundop);
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -737,7 +796,8 @@ _channelqueue_remove(_channelqueue *queue, _channelitem_id_t itemid,
     }
     queue->count -= 1;
 
-    _channelitem_popped(item, p_data, p_waiting);
+    int unboundop;
+    _channelitem_popped(item, p_data, p_waiting, &unboundop);
 }
 
 static void
@@ -748,14 +808,17 @@ _channelqueue_clear_interpreter(_channelqueue *queue, int64_t interpid)
     while (next != NULL) {
         _channelitem *item = next;
         next = item->next;
-        if (_PyCrossInterpreterData_INTERPID(item->data) == interpid) {
+        int remove = (item->interpid == interpid)
+            ? _channelitem_clear_interpreter(item)
+            : 0;
+        if (remove) {
+            _channelitem_free(item);
             if (prev == NULL) {
-                queue->first = item->next;
+                queue->first = next;
             }
             else {
-                prev->next = item->next;
+                prev->next = next;
             }
-            _channelitem_free(item);
             queue->count -= 1;
         }
         else {
@@ -1018,12 +1081,15 @@ typedef struct _channel {
     PyThread_type_lock mutex;
     _channelqueue *queue;
     _channelends *ends;
+    struct {
+        int unboundop;
+    } defaults;
     int open;
     struct _channel_closing *closing;
 } _channel_state;
 
 static _channel_state *
-_channel_new(PyThread_type_lock mutex)
+_channel_new(PyThread_type_lock mutex, int unboundop)
 {
     _channel_state *chan = GLOBAL_MALLOC(_channel_state);
     if (chan == NULL) {
@@ -1041,6 +1107,7 @@ _channel_new(PyThread_type_lock mutex)
         GLOBAL_FREE(chan);
         return NULL;
     }
+    chan->defaults.unboundop = unboundop;
     chan->open = 1;
     chan->closing = NULL;
     return chan;
@@ -1061,7 +1128,8 @@ _channel_free(_channel_state *chan)
 
 static int
 _channel_add(_channel_state *chan, int64_t interpid,
-             _PyCrossInterpreterData *data, _waiting_t *waiting)
+             _PyCrossInterpreterData *data, _waiting_t *waiting,
+             int unboundop)
 {
     int res = -1;
     PyThread_acquire_lock(chan->mutex, WAIT_LOCK);
@@ -1075,7 +1143,7 @@ _channel_add(_channel_state *chan, int64_t interpid,
         goto done;
     }
 
-    if (_channelqueue_put(chan->queue, data, waiting) != 0) {
+    if (_channelqueue_put(chan->queue, interpid, data, waiting, unboundop) != 0) {
         goto done;
     }
     // Any errors past this point must cause a _waiting_release() call.
@@ -1088,7 +1156,8 @@ _channel_add(_channel_state *chan, int64_t interpid,
 
 static int
 _channel_next(_channel_state *chan, int64_t interpid,
-              _PyCrossInterpreterData **p_data, _waiting_t **p_waiting)
+              _PyCrossInterpreterData **p_data, _waiting_t **p_waiting,
+              int *p_unboundop)
 {
     int err = 0;
     PyThread_acquire_lock(chan->mutex, WAIT_LOCK);
@@ -1102,11 +1171,15 @@ _channel_next(_channel_state *chan, int64_t interpid,
         goto done;
     }
 
-    int empty = _channelqueue_get(chan->queue, p_data, p_waiting);
-    assert(empty == 0 || empty == ERR_CHANNEL_EMPTY);
+    int empty = _channelqueue_get(chan->queue, p_data, p_waiting, p_unboundop);
     assert(!PyErr_Occurred());
-    if (empty && chan->closing != NULL) {
-        chan->open = 0;
+    if (empty) {
+        assert(empty == ERR_CHANNEL_EMPTY);
+        if (chan->closing != NULL) {
+            chan->open = 0;
+        }
+        err = ERR_CHANNEL_EMPTY;
+        goto done;
     }
 
 done:
@@ -1277,21 +1350,29 @@ typedef struct _channels {
 static void
 _channels_init(_channels *channels, PyThread_type_lock mutex)
 {
-    channels->mutex = mutex;
-    channels->head = NULL;
-    channels->numopen = 0;
-    channels->next_id = 0;
+    assert(mutex != NULL);
+    assert(channels->mutex == NULL);
+    *channels = (_channels){
+        .mutex = mutex,
+        .head = NULL,
+        .numopen = 0,
+        .next_id = 0,
+    };
 }
 
 static void
-_channels_fini(_channels *channels)
+_channels_fini(_channels *channels, PyThread_type_lock *p_mutex)
 {
+    PyThread_type_lock mutex = channels->mutex;
+    assert(mutex != NULL);
+
+    PyThread_acquire_lock(mutex, WAIT_LOCK);
     assert(channels->numopen == 0);
     assert(channels->head == NULL);
-    if (channels->mutex != NULL) {
-        PyThread_free_lock(channels->mutex);
-        channels->mutex = NULL;
-    }
+    *channels = (_channels){0};
+    PyThread_release_lock(mutex);
+
+    *p_mutex = mutex;
 }
 
 static int64_t
@@ -1528,18 +1609,27 @@ _channels_release_cid_object(_channels *channels, int64_t cid)
     PyThread_release_lock(channels->mutex);
 }
 
-static int64_t *
+struct channel_id_and_info {
+    int64_t id;
+    int unboundop;
+};
+
+static struct channel_id_and_info *
 _channels_list_all(_channels *channels, int64_t *count)
 {
-    int64_t *cids = NULL;
+    struct channel_id_and_info *cids = NULL;
     PyThread_acquire_lock(channels->mutex, WAIT_LOCK);
-    int64_t *ids = PyMem_NEW(int64_t, (Py_ssize_t)(channels->numopen));
+    struct channel_id_and_info *ids =
+        PyMem_NEW(struct channel_id_and_info, (Py_ssize_t)(channels->numopen));
     if (ids == NULL) {
         goto done;
     }
     _channelref *ref = channels->head;
     for (int64_t i=0; ref != NULL; ref = ref->next, i++) {
-        ids[i] = ref->cid;
+        ids[i] = (struct channel_id_and_info){
+            .id = ref->cid,
+            .unboundop = ref->chan->defaults.unboundop,
+        };
     }
     *count = channels->numopen;
 
@@ -1624,13 +1714,13 @@ _channel_finish_closing(_channel_state *chan) {
 
 // Create a new channel.
 static int64_t
-channel_create(_channels *channels)
+channel_create(_channels *channels, int unboundop)
 {
     PyThread_type_lock mutex = PyThread_allocate_lock();
     if (mutex == NULL) {
         return ERR_CHANNEL_MUTEX_INIT;
     }
-    _channel_state *chan = _channel_new(mutex);
+    _channel_state *chan = _channel_new(mutex, unboundop);
     if (chan == NULL) {
         PyThread_free_lock(mutex);
         return -1;
@@ -1662,7 +1752,7 @@ channel_destroy(_channels *channels, int64_t cid)
 // Optionally request to be notified when it is received.
 static int
 channel_send(_channels *channels, int64_t cid, PyObject *obj,
-             _waiting_t *waiting)
+             _waiting_t *waiting, int unboundop)
 {
     PyInterpreterState *interp = _get_current_interp();
     if (interp == NULL) {
@@ -1698,7 +1788,7 @@ channel_send(_channels *channels, int64_t cid, PyObject *obj,
     }
 
     // Add the data to the channel.
-    int res = _channel_add(chan, interpid, data, waiting);
+    int res = _channel_add(chan, interpid, data, waiting, unboundop);
     PyThread_release_lock(mutex);
     if (res != 0) {
         // We may chain an exception here:
@@ -1735,7 +1825,7 @@ channel_clear_sent(_channels *channels, int64_t cid, _waiting_t *waiting)
 // Like channel_send(), but strictly wait for the object to be received.
 static int
 channel_send_wait(_channels *channels, int64_t cid, PyObject *obj,
-                   PY_TIMEOUT_T timeout)
+                  int unboundop, PY_TIMEOUT_T timeout)
 {
     // We use a stack variable here, so we must ensure that &waiting
     // is not held by any channel item at the point this function exits.
@@ -1746,7 +1836,7 @@ channel_send_wait(_channels *channels, int64_t cid, PyObject *obj,
     }
 
     /* Queue up the object. */
-    int res = channel_send(channels, cid, obj, &waiting);
+    int res = channel_send(channels, cid, obj, &waiting, unboundop);
     if (res < 0) {
         assert(waiting.status == WAITING_NO_STATUS);
         goto finally;
@@ -1788,7 +1878,7 @@ channel_send_wait(_channels *channels, int64_t cid, PyObject *obj,
 // The current interpreter gets associated with the recv end of the channel.
 // XXX Support a "wait" mutex?
 static int
-channel_recv(_channels *channels, int64_t cid, PyObject **res)
+channel_recv(_channels *channels, int64_t cid, PyObject **res, int *p_unboundop)
 {
     int err;
     *res = NULL;
@@ -1816,13 +1906,15 @@ channel_recv(_channels *channels, int64_t cid, PyObject **res)
     // Pop off the next item from the channel.
     _PyCrossInterpreterData *data = NULL;
     _waiting_t *waiting = NULL;
-    err = _channel_next(chan, interpid, &data, &waiting);
+    err = _channel_next(chan, interpid, &data, &waiting, p_unboundop);
     PyThread_release_lock(mutex);
     if (err != 0) {
         return err;
     }
     else if (data == NULL) {
+        // The item was unbound.
         assert(!PyErr_Occurred());
+        *res = NULL;
         return 0;
     }
 
@@ -1915,6 +2007,23 @@ channel_is_associated(_channels *channels, int64_t cid, int64_t interpid,
     return (end != NULL && end->open);
 }
 
+static int
+_channel_get_count(_channels *channels, int64_t cid, Py_ssize_t *p_count)
+{
+    PyThread_type_lock mutex = NULL;
+    _channel_state *chan = NULL;
+    int err = _channels_lookup(channels, cid, &mutex, &chan);
+    if (err != 0) {
+        return err;
+    }
+    assert(chan != NULL);
+    int64_t count = chan->queue->count;
+    PyThread_release_lock(mutex);
+
+    *p_count = (Py_ssize_t)count;
+    return 0;
+}
+
 
 /* channel info */
 
@@ -2615,10 +2724,10 @@ _get_current_channelend_type(int end)
     }
     if (cls == NULL) {
         // Force the module to be loaded, to register the type.
-        PyObject *highlevel = PyImport_ImportModule("interpreters.channel");
+        PyObject *highlevel = PyImport_ImportModule("interpreters.channels");
         if (highlevel == NULL) {
             PyErr_Clear();
-            highlevel = PyImport_ImportModule("test.support.interpreters.channel");
+            highlevel = PyImport_ImportModule("test.support.interpreters.channels");
             if (highlevel == NULL) {
                 return NULL;
             }
@@ -2712,6 +2821,7 @@ set_channelend_types(PyObject *mod, PyTypeObject *send, PyTypeObject *recv)
    the data that we need to share between interpreters, so it cannot
    hold PyObject values. */
 static struct globals {
+    PyMutex mutex;
     int module_count;
     _channels channels;
 } _globals = {0};
@@ -2719,32 +2829,36 @@ static struct globals {
 static int
 _globals_init(void)
 {
-    // XXX This isn't thread-safe.
+    PyMutex_Lock(&_globals.mutex);
+    assert(_globals.module_count >= 0);
     _globals.module_count++;
-    if (_globals.module_count > 1) {
-        // Already initialized.
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    assert(_globals.channels.mutex == NULL);
-    PyThread_type_lock mutex = PyThread_allocate_lock();
-    if (mutex == NULL) {
-        return ERR_CHANNELS_MUTEX_INIT;
+    if (_globals.module_count == 1) {
+        // Called for the first time.
+        PyThread_type_lock mutex = PyThread_allocate_lock();
+        if (mutex == NULL) {
+            _globals.module_count--;
+            PyMutex_Unlock(&_globals.mutex);
+            return ERR_CHANNELS_MUTEX_INIT;
+        }
+        _channels_init(&_globals.channels, mutex);
     }
-    _channels_init(&_globals.channels, mutex);
+    PyMutex_Unlock(&_globals.mutex);
     return 0;
 }
 
 static void
 _globals_fini(void)
 {
-    // XXX This isn't thread-safe.
+    PyMutex_Lock(&_globals.mutex);
+    assert(_globals.module_count > 0);
     _globals.module_count--;
-    if (_globals.module_count > 0) {
-        return;
+    if (_globals.module_count == 0) {
+        PyThread_type_lock mutex;
+        _channels_fini(&_globals.channels, &mutex);
+        assert(mutex != NULL);
+        PyThread_free_lock(mutex);
     }
-
-    _channels_fini(&_globals.channels);
+    PyMutex_Unlock(&_globals.mutex);
 }
 
 static _channels *
@@ -2767,9 +2881,22 @@ clear_interpreter(void *data)
 
 
 static PyObject *
-channelsmod_create(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
+channelsmod_create(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
 {
-    int64_t cid = channel_create(&_globals.channels);
+    static char *kwlist[] = {"unboundop", NULL};
+    int unboundop;
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwds, "i:create", kwlist,
+                                     &unboundop))
+    {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if (!check_unbound(unboundop)) {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
+                     "unsupported unboundop %d", unboundop);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    int64_t cid = channel_create(&_globals.channels, unboundop);
     if (cid < 0) {
         (void)handle_channel_error(-1, self, cid);
         return NULL;
@@ -2796,7 +2923,7 @@ channelsmod_create(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 }
 
 PyDoc_STRVAR(channelsmod_create_doc,
-"channel_create() -> cid\n\
+"channel_create(unboundop) -> cid\n\
 \n\
 Create a new cross-interpreter channel and return a unique generated ID.");
 
@@ -2831,7 +2958,8 @@ static PyObject *
 channelsmod_list_all(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
     int64_t count = 0;
-    int64_t *cids = _channels_list_all(&_globals.channels, &count);
+    struct channel_id_and_info *cids =
+        _channels_list_all(&_globals.channels, &count);
     if (cids == NULL) {
         if (count == 0) {
             return PyList_New(0);
@@ -2848,19 +2976,26 @@ channelsmod_list_all(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
         ids = NULL;
         goto finally;
     }
-    int64_t *cur = cids;
+    struct channel_id_and_info *cur = cids;
     for (int64_t i=0; i < count; cur++, i++) {
         PyObject *cidobj = NULL;
-        int err = newchannelid(state->ChannelIDType, *cur, 0,
+        int err = newchannelid(state->ChannelIDType, cur->id, 0,
                                &_globals.channels, 0, 0,
                                (channelid **)&cidobj);
-        if (handle_channel_error(err, self, *cur)) {
+        if (handle_channel_error(err, self, cur->id)) {
             assert(cidobj == NULL);
             Py_SETREF(ids, NULL);
             break;
         }
         assert(cidobj != NULL);
-        PyList_SET_ITEM(ids, (Py_ssize_t)i, cidobj);
+
+        PyObject *item = Py_BuildValue("Oi", cidobj, cur->unboundop);
+        Py_DECREF(cidobj);
+        if (item == NULL) {
+            Py_SETREF(ids, NULL);
+            break;
+        }
+        PyList_SET_ITEM(ids, (Py_ssize_t)i, item);
     }
 
 finally:
@@ -2942,16 +3077,24 @@ receive end.");
 static PyObject *
 channelsmod_send(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
 {
-    static char *kwlist[] = {"cid", "obj", "blocking", "timeout", NULL};
+    static char *kwlist[] = {"cid", "obj", "unboundop", "blocking", "timeout",
+                             NULL};
     struct channel_id_converter_data cid_data = {
         .module = self,
     };
     PyObject *obj;
+    int unboundop = UNBOUND_REPLACE;
     int blocking = 1;
     PyObject *timeout_obj = NULL;
-    if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwds, "O&O|$pO:channel_send", kwlist,
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwds, "O&O|i$pO:channel_send", kwlist,
                                      channel_id_converter, &cid_data, &obj,
-                                     &blocking, &timeout_obj)) {
+                                     &unboundop, &blocking, &timeout_obj))
+    {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if (!check_unbound(unboundop)) {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
+                     "unsupported unboundop %d", unboundop);
         return NULL;
     }
 
@@ -2964,10 +3107,10 @@ channelsmod_send(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
     /* Queue up the object. */
     int err = 0;
     if (blocking) {
-        err = channel_send_wait(&_globals.channels, cid, obj, timeout);
+        err = channel_send_wait(&_globals.channels, cid, obj, unboundop, timeout);
     }
     else {
-        err = channel_send(&_globals.channels, cid, obj, NULL);
+        err = channel_send(&_globals.channels, cid, obj, NULL, unboundop);
     }
     if (handle_channel_error(err, self, cid)) {
         return NULL;
@@ -2977,7 +3120,7 @@ channelsmod_send(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
 }
 
 PyDoc_STRVAR(channelsmod_send_doc,
-"channel_send(cid, obj, blocking=True)\n\
+"channel_send(cid, obj, *, blocking=True, timeout=None)\n\
 \n\
 Add the object's data to the channel's queue.\n\
 By default this waits for the object to be received.");
@@ -2985,17 +3128,24 @@ By default this waits for the object to be received.");
 static PyObject *
 channelsmod_send_buffer(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
 {
-    static char *kwlist[] = {"cid", "obj", "blocking", "timeout", NULL};
+    static char *kwlist[] = {"cid", "obj", "unboundop", "blocking", "timeout",
+                             NULL};
     struct channel_id_converter_data cid_data = {
         .module = self,
     };
     PyObject *obj;
+    int unboundop = UNBOUND_REPLACE;
     int blocking = 1;
     PyObject *timeout_obj = NULL;
     if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwds,
-                                     "O&O|$pO:channel_send_buffer", kwlist,
+                                     "O&O|i$pO:channel_send_buffer", kwlist,
                                      channel_id_converter, &cid_data, &obj,
-                                     &blocking, &timeout_obj)) {
+                                     &unboundop, &blocking, &timeout_obj)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if (!check_unbound(unboundop)) {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
+                     "unsupported unboundop %d", unboundop);
         return NULL;
     }
 
@@ -3013,10 +3163,11 @@ channelsmod_send_buffer(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
     /* Queue up the object. */
     int err = 0;
     if (blocking) {
-        err = channel_send_wait(&_globals.channels, cid, tempobj, timeout);
+        err = channel_send_wait(
+                &_globals.channels, cid, tempobj, unboundop, timeout);
     }
     else {
-        err = channel_send(&_globals.channels, cid, tempobj, NULL);
+        err = channel_send(&_globals.channels, cid, tempobj, NULL, unboundop);
     }
     Py_DECREF(tempobj);
     if (handle_channel_error(err, self, cid)) {
@@ -3027,7 +3178,7 @@ channelsmod_send_buffer(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
 }
 
 PyDoc_STRVAR(channelsmod_send_buffer_doc,
-"channel_send_buffer(cid, obj, blocking=True)\n\
+"channel_send_buffer(cid, obj, *, blocking=True, timeout=None)\n\
 \n\
 Add the object's buffer to the channel's queue.\n\
 By default this waits for the object to be received.");
@@ -3048,25 +3199,28 @@ channelsmod_recv(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
     cid = cid_data.cid;
 
     PyObject *obj = NULL;
-    int err = channel_recv(&_globals.channels, cid, &obj);
-    if (handle_channel_error(err, self, cid)) {
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    Py_XINCREF(dflt);
-    if (obj == NULL) {
+    int unboundop = 0;
+    int err = channel_recv(&_globals.channels, cid, &obj, &unboundop);
+    if (err == ERR_CHANNEL_EMPTY && dflt != NULL) {
         // Use the default.
-        if (dflt == NULL) {
-            (void)handle_channel_error(ERR_CHANNEL_EMPTY, self, cid);
-            return NULL;
-        }
         obj = Py_NewRef(dflt);
+        err = 0;
     }
-    Py_XDECREF(dflt);
-    return obj;
+    else if (handle_channel_error(err, self, cid)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    else if (obj == NULL) {
+        // The item was unbound.
+        return Py_BuildValue("Oi", Py_None, unboundop);
+    }
+
+    PyObject *res = Py_BuildValue("OO", obj, Py_None);
+    Py_DECREF(obj);
+    return res;
 }
 
 PyDoc_STRVAR(channelsmod_recv_doc,
-"channel_recv(cid, [default]) -> obj\n\
+"channel_recv(cid, [default]) -> (obj, unboundop)\n\
 \n\
 Return a new object from the data at the front of the channel's queue.\n\
 \n\
@@ -3167,6 +3321,34 @@ Close the channel for the current interpreter.  'send' and 'recv'\n\
 (bool) may be used to indicate the ends to close.  By default both\n\
 ends are closed.  Closing an already closed end is a noop.");
 
+static PyObject *
+channelsmod_get_count(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
+{
+    static char *kwlist[] = {"cid", NULL};
+    struct channel_id_converter_data cid_data = {
+        .module = self,
+    };
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwds,
+                                     "O&:get_count", kwlist,
+                                     channel_id_converter, &cid_data)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    int64_t cid = cid_data.cid;
+
+    Py_ssize_t count = -1;
+    int err = _channel_get_count(&_globals.channels, cid, &count);
+    if (handle_channel_error(err, self, cid)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    assert(count >= 0);
+    return PyLong_FromSsize_t(count);
+}
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR(channelsmod_get_count_doc,
+"get_count(cid)\n\
+\n\
+Return the number of items in the channel.");
+
 static PyObject *
 channelsmod_get_info(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
 {
@@ -3194,6 +3376,38 @@ PyDoc_STRVAR(channelsmod_get_info_doc,
 \n\
 Return details about the channel.");
 
+static PyObject *
+channelsmod_get_channel_defaults(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
+{
+    static char *kwlist[] = {"cid", NULL};
+    struct channel_id_converter_data cid_data = {
+        .module = self,
+    };
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwds,
+                                     "O&:get_channel_defaults", kwlist,
+                                     channel_id_converter, &cid_data)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    int64_t cid = cid_data.cid;
+
+    PyThread_type_lock mutex = NULL;
+    _channel_state *channel = NULL;
+    int err = _channels_lookup(&_globals.channels, cid, &mutex, &channel);
+    if (handle_channel_error(err, self, cid)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    int unboundop = channel->defaults.unboundop;
+    PyThread_release_lock(mutex);
+
+    PyObject *defaults = Py_BuildValue("i", unboundop);
+    return defaults;
+}
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR(channelsmod_get_channel_defaults_doc,
+"get_channel_defaults(cid)\n\
+\n\
+Return the channel's default values, set when it was created.");
+
 static PyObject *
 channelsmod__channel_id(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
 {
@@ -3240,8 +3454,8 @@ channelsmod__register_end_types(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
 }
 
 static PyMethodDef module_functions[] = {
-    {"create",                     channelsmod_create,
-     METH_NOARGS,                  channelsmod_create_doc},
+    {"create",                     _PyCFunction_CAST(channelsmod_create),
+     METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS, channelsmod_create_doc},
     {"destroy",                    _PyCFunction_CAST(channelsmod_destroy),
      METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS, channelsmod_destroy_doc},
     {"list_all",                   channelsmod_list_all,
@@ -3258,8 +3472,12 @@ static PyMethodDef module_functions[] = {
      METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS, channelsmod_close_doc},
     {"release",                    _PyCFunction_CAST(channelsmod_release),
      METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS, channelsmod_release_doc},
+    {"get_count",                   _PyCFunction_CAST(channelsmod_get_count),
+     METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS, channelsmod_get_count_doc},
     {"get_info",                   _PyCFunction_CAST(channelsmod_get_info),
      METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS, channelsmod_get_info_doc},
+    {"get_channel_defaults",       _PyCFunction_CAST(channelsmod_get_channel_defaults),
+     METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS, channelsmod_get_channel_defaults_doc},
     {"_channel_id",                _PyCFunction_CAST(channelsmod__channel_id),
      METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS, NULL},
     {"_register_end_types",        _PyCFunction_CAST(channelsmod__register_end_types),
@@ -3278,7 +3496,8 @@ The 'interpreters' module provides a more convenient interface.");
 static int
 module_exec(PyObject *mod)
 {
-    if (_globals_init() != 0) {
+    int err = _globals_init();
+    if (handle_channel_error(err, mod, -1)) {
         return -1;
     }
 
diff --git a/Modules/_interpqueuesmodule.c b/Modules/_interpqueuesmodule.c
index 556953db6b8039..297a1763a98ce6 100644
--- a/Modules/_interpqueuesmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/_interpqueuesmodule.c
@@ -9,7 +9,9 @@
 #include "pycore_crossinterp.h"   // struct _xid
 
 #define REGISTERS_HEAP_TYPES
+#define HAS_UNBOUND_ITEMS
 #include "_interpreters_common.h"
+#undef HAS_UNBOUND_ITEMS
 #undef REGISTERS_HEAP_TYPES
 
 
@@ -58,7 +60,6 @@ _release_xid_data(_PyCrossInterpreterData *data, int flags)
     return res;
 }
 
-
 static PyInterpreterState *
 _get_current_interp(void)
 {
@@ -363,7 +364,7 @@ handle_queue_error(int err, PyObject *mod, int64_t qid)
 
     module_state *state;
     switch (err) {
-    case ERR_QUEUE_ALLOC:  // fall through
+    case ERR_QUEUE_ALLOC: _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
     case ERR_QUEUES_ALLOC:
         PyErr_NoMemory();
         break;
@@ -394,42 +395,67 @@ handle_queue_error(int err, PyObject *mod, int64_t qid)
 struct _queueitem;
 
 typedef struct _queueitem {
+    /* The interpreter that added the item to the queue.
+       The actual bound interpid is found in item->data.
+       This is necessary because item->data might be NULL,
+       meaning the interpreter has been destroyed. */
+    int64_t interpid;
     _PyCrossInterpreterData *data;
     int fmt;
+    int unboundop;
     struct _queueitem *next;
 } _queueitem;
 
 static void
 _queueitem_init(_queueitem *item,
-                _PyCrossInterpreterData *data, int fmt)
+                int64_t interpid, _PyCrossInterpreterData *data,
+                int fmt, int unboundop)
 {
+    if (interpid < 0) {
+        interpid = _get_interpid(data);
+    }
+    else {
+        assert(data == NULL
+               || _PyCrossInterpreterData_INTERPID(data) < 0
+               || interpid == _PyCrossInterpreterData_INTERPID(data));
+    }
+    assert(check_unbound(unboundop));
     *item = (_queueitem){
+        .interpid = interpid,
         .data = data,
         .fmt = fmt,
+        .unboundop = unboundop,
     };
 }
 
+static void
+_queueitem_clear_data(_queueitem *item)
+{
+    if (item->data == NULL) {
+        return;
+    }
+    // It was allocated in queue_put().
+    (void)_release_xid_data(item->data, XID_IGNORE_EXC & XID_FREE);
+    item->data = NULL;
+}
+
 static void
 _queueitem_clear(_queueitem *item)
 {
     item->next = NULL;
-
-    if (item->data != NULL) {
-        // It was allocated in queue_put().
-        (void)_release_xid_data(item->data, XID_IGNORE_EXC & XID_FREE);
-        item->data = NULL;
-    }
+    _queueitem_clear_data(item);
 }
 
 static _queueitem *
-_queueitem_new(_PyCrossInterpreterData *data, int fmt)
+_queueitem_new(int64_t interpid, _PyCrossInterpreterData *data,
+               int fmt, int unboundop)
 {
     _queueitem *item = GLOBAL_MALLOC(_queueitem);
     if (item == NULL) {
         PyErr_NoMemory();
         return NULL;
     }
-    _queueitem_init(item, data, fmt);
+    _queueitem_init(item, interpid, data, fmt, unboundop);
     return item;
 }
 
@@ -452,15 +478,44 @@ _queueitem_free_all(_queueitem *item)
 
 static void
 _queueitem_popped(_queueitem *item,
-                  _PyCrossInterpreterData **p_data, int *p_fmt)
+                  _PyCrossInterpreterData **p_data, int *p_fmt, int *p_unboundop)
 {
     *p_data = item->data;
     *p_fmt = item->fmt;
+    *p_unboundop = item->unboundop;
     // We clear them here, so they won't be released in _queueitem_clear().
     item->data = NULL;
     _queueitem_free(item);
 }
 
+static int
+_queueitem_clear_interpreter(_queueitem *item)
+{
+    assert(item->interpid >= 0);
+    if (item->data == NULL) {
+        // Its interpreter was already cleared (or it was never bound).
+        // For UNBOUND_REMOVE it should have been freed at that time.
+        assert(item->unboundop != UNBOUND_REMOVE);
+        return 0;
+    }
+    assert(_PyCrossInterpreterData_INTERPID(item->data) == item->interpid);
+
+    switch (item->unboundop) {
+    case UNBOUND_REMOVE:
+        // The caller must free/clear it.
+        return 1;
+    case UNBOUND_ERROR:
+    case UNBOUND_REPLACE:
+        // We won't need the cross-interpreter data later
+        // so we completely throw it away.
+        _queueitem_clear_data(item);
+        return 0;
+    default:
+        Py_FatalError("not reachable");
+        return -1;
+    }
+}
+
 
 /* the queue */
 
@@ -474,12 +529,16 @@ typedef struct _queue {
         _queueitem *first;
         _queueitem *last;
     } items;
-    int fmt;
+    struct {
+        int fmt;
+        int unboundop;
+    } defaults;
 } _queue;
 
 static int
-_queue_init(_queue *queue, Py_ssize_t maxsize, int fmt)
+_queue_init(_queue *queue, Py_ssize_t maxsize, int fmt, int unboundop)
 {
+    assert(check_unbound(unboundop));
     PyThread_type_lock mutex = PyThread_allocate_lock();
     if (mutex == NULL) {
         return ERR_QUEUE_ALLOC;
@@ -490,7 +549,10 @@ _queue_init(_queue *queue, Py_ssize_t maxsize, int fmt)
         .items = {
             .maxsize = maxsize,
         },
-        .fmt = fmt,
+        .defaults = {
+            .fmt = fmt,
+            .unboundop = unboundop,
+        },
     };
     return 0;
 }
@@ -571,7 +633,8 @@ _queue_unlock(_queue *queue)
 }
 
 static int
-_queue_add(_queue *queue, _PyCrossInterpreterData *data, int fmt)
+_queue_add(_queue *queue, int64_t interpid, _PyCrossInterpreterData *data,
+           int fmt, int unboundop)
 {
     int err = _queue_lock(queue);
     if (err < 0) {
@@ -587,7 +650,7 @@ _queue_add(_queue *queue, _PyCrossInterpreterData *data, int fmt)
         return ERR_QUEUE_FULL;
     }
 
-    _queueitem *item = _queueitem_new(data, fmt);
+    _queueitem *item = _queueitem_new(interpid, data, fmt, unboundop);
     if (item == NULL) {
         _queue_unlock(queue);
         return -1;
@@ -608,7 +671,7 @@ _queue_add(_queue *queue, _PyCrossInterpreterData *data, int fmt)
 
 static int
 _queue_next(_queue *queue,
-            _PyCrossInterpreterData **p_data, int *p_fmt)
+            _PyCrossInterpreterData **p_data, int *p_fmt, int *p_unboundop)
 {
     int err = _queue_lock(queue);
     if (err < 0) {
@@ -627,7 +690,7 @@ _queue_next(_queue *queue,
     }
     queue->items.count -= 1;
 
-    _queueitem_popped(item, p_data, p_fmt);
+    _queueitem_popped(item, p_data, p_fmt, p_unboundop);
 
     _queue_unlock(queue);
     return 0;
@@ -692,14 +755,17 @@ _queue_clear_interpreter(_queue *queue, int64_t interpid)
     while (next != NULL) {
         _queueitem *item = next;
         next = item->next;
-        if (_PyCrossInterpreterData_INTERPID(item->data) == interpid) {
+        int remove = (item->interpid == interpid)
+            ? _queueitem_clear_interpreter(item)
+            : 0;
+        if (remove) {
+            _queueitem_free(item);
             if (prev == NULL) {
-                queue->items.first = item->next;
+                queue->items.first = next;
             }
             else {
-                prev->next = item->next;
+                prev->next = next;
             }
-            _queueitem_free(item);
             queue->items.count -= 1;
         }
         else {
@@ -779,28 +845,31 @@ typedef struct _queues {
 static void
 _queues_init(_queues *queues, PyThread_type_lock mutex)
 {
-    queues->mutex = mutex;
-    queues->head = NULL;
-    queues->count = 0;
-    queues->next_id = 1;
+    assert(mutex != NULL);
+    assert(queues->mutex == NULL);
+    *queues = (_queues){
+        .mutex = mutex,
+        .head = NULL,
+        .count = 0,
+        .next_id = 1,
+    };
 }
 
 static void
-_queues_fini(_queues *queues)
+_queues_fini(_queues *queues, PyThread_type_lock *p_mutex)
 {
+    PyThread_type_lock mutex = queues->mutex;
+    assert(mutex != NULL);
+
+    PyThread_acquire_lock(mutex, WAIT_LOCK);
     if (queues->count > 0) {
-        PyThread_acquire_lock(queues->mutex, WAIT_LOCK);
-        assert((queues->count == 0) != (queues->head != NULL));
-        _queueref *head = queues->head;
-        queues->head = NULL;
-        queues->count = 0;
-        PyThread_release_lock(queues->mutex);
-        _queuerefs_clear(head);
-    }
-    if (queues->mutex != NULL) {
-        PyThread_free_lock(queues->mutex);
-        queues->mutex = NULL;
+        assert(queues->head != NULL);
+        _queuerefs_clear(queues->head);
     }
+    *queues = (_queues){0};
+    PyThread_release_lock(mutex);
+
+    *p_mutex = mutex;
 }
 
 static int64_t
@@ -966,18 +1035,19 @@ _queues_decref(_queues *queues, int64_t qid)
     return res;
 }
 
-struct queue_id_and_fmt {
+struct queue_id_and_info {
     int64_t id;
     int fmt;
+    int unboundop;
 };
 
-static struct queue_id_and_fmt *
-_queues_list_all(_queues *queues, int64_t *count)
+static struct queue_id_and_info *
+_queues_list_all(_queues *queues, int64_t *p_count)
 {
-    struct queue_id_and_fmt *qids = NULL;
+    struct queue_id_and_info *qids = NULL;
     PyThread_acquire_lock(queues->mutex, WAIT_LOCK);
-    struct queue_id_and_fmt *ids = PyMem_NEW(struct queue_id_and_fmt,
-                                             (Py_ssize_t)(queues->count));
+    struct queue_id_and_info *ids = PyMem_NEW(struct queue_id_and_info,
+                                              (Py_ssize_t)(queues->count));
     if (ids == NULL) {
         goto done;
     }
@@ -985,9 +1055,10 @@ _queues_list_all(_queues *queues, int64_t *count)
     for (int64_t i=0; ref != NULL; ref = ref->next, i++) {
         ids[i].id = ref->qid;
         assert(ref->queue != NULL);
-        ids[i].fmt = ref->queue->fmt;
+        ids[i].fmt = ref->queue->defaults.fmt;
+        ids[i].unboundop = ref->queue->defaults.unboundop;
     }
-    *count = queues->count;
+    *p_count = queues->count;
 
     qids = ids;
 done:
@@ -1021,13 +1092,13 @@ _queue_free(_queue *queue)
 
 // Create a new queue.
 static int64_t
-queue_create(_queues *queues, Py_ssize_t maxsize, int fmt)
+queue_create(_queues *queues, Py_ssize_t maxsize, int fmt, int unboundop)
 {
     _queue *queue = GLOBAL_MALLOC(_queue);
     if (queue == NULL) {
         return ERR_QUEUE_ALLOC;
     }
-    int err = _queue_init(queue, maxsize, fmt);
+    int err = _queue_init(queue, maxsize, fmt, unboundop);
     if (err < 0) {
         GLOBAL_FREE(queue);
         return (int64_t)err;
@@ -1056,7 +1127,7 @@ queue_destroy(_queues *queues, int64_t qid)
 
 // Push an object onto the queue.
 static int
-queue_put(_queues *queues, int64_t qid, PyObject *obj, int fmt)
+queue_put(_queues *queues, int64_t qid, PyObject *obj, int fmt, int unboundop)
 {
     // Look up the queue.
     _queue *queue = NULL;
@@ -1077,9 +1148,12 @@ queue_put(_queues *queues, int64_t qid, PyObject *obj, int fmt)
         GLOBAL_FREE(data);
         return -1;
     }
+    assert(_PyCrossInterpreterData_INTERPID(data) == \
+           PyInterpreterState_GetID(PyInterpreterState_Get()));
 
     // Add the data to the queue.
-    int res = _queue_add(queue, data, fmt);
+    int64_t interpid = -1;  // _queueitem_init() will set it.
+    int res = _queue_add(queue, interpid, data, fmt, unboundop);
     _queue_unmark_waiter(queue, queues->mutex);
     if (res != 0) {
         // We may chain an exception here:
@@ -1094,7 +1168,8 @@ queue_put(_queues *queues, int64_t qid, PyObject *obj, int fmt)
 // Pop the next object off the queue.  Fail if empty.
 // XXX Support a "wait" mutex?
 static int
-queue_get(_queues *queues, int64_t qid, PyObject **res, int *p_fmt)
+queue_get(_queues *queues, int64_t qid,
+          PyObject **res, int *p_fmt, int *p_unboundop)
 {
     int err;
     *res = NULL;
@@ -1110,7 +1185,7 @@ queue_get(_queues *queues, int64_t qid, PyObject **res, int *p_fmt)
 
     // Pop off the next item from the queue.
     _PyCrossInterpreterData *data = NULL;
-    err = _queue_next(queue, &data, p_fmt);
+    err = _queue_next(queue, &data, p_fmt, p_unboundop);
     _queue_unmark_waiter(queue, queues->mutex);
     if (err != 0) {
         return err;
@@ -1240,7 +1315,7 @@ _queueid_xid_new(int64_t qid)
 
     struct _queueid_xid *data = PyMem_RawMalloc(sizeof(struct _queueid_xid));
     if (data == NULL) {
-        _queues_incref(queues, qid);
+        _queues_decref(queues, qid);
         return NULL;
     }
     data->qid = qid;
@@ -1326,6 +1401,7 @@ _queueobj_shared(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *queueobj,
    the data that we need to share between interpreters, so it cannot
    hold PyObject values. */
 static struct globals {
+    PyMutex mutex;
     int module_count;
     _queues queues;
 } _globals = {0};
@@ -1333,32 +1409,36 @@ static struct globals {
 static int
 _globals_init(void)
 {
-    // XXX This isn't thread-safe.
+    PyMutex_Lock(&_globals.mutex);
+    assert(_globals.module_count >= 0);
     _globals.module_count++;
-    if (_globals.module_count > 1) {
-        // Already initialized.
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    assert(_globals.queues.mutex == NULL);
-    PyThread_type_lock mutex = PyThread_allocate_lock();
-    if (mutex == NULL) {
-        return ERR_QUEUES_ALLOC;
+    if (_globals.module_count == 1) {
+        // Called for the first time.
+        PyThread_type_lock mutex = PyThread_allocate_lock();
+        if (mutex == NULL) {
+            _globals.module_count--;
+            PyMutex_Unlock(&_globals.mutex);
+            return ERR_QUEUES_ALLOC;
+        }
+        _queues_init(&_globals.queues, mutex);
     }
-    _queues_init(&_globals.queues, mutex);
+    PyMutex_Unlock(&_globals.mutex);
     return 0;
 }
 
 static void
 _globals_fini(void)
 {
-    // XXX This isn't thread-safe.
+    PyMutex_Lock(&_globals.mutex);
+    assert(_globals.module_count > 0);
     _globals.module_count--;
-    if (_globals.module_count > 0) {
-        return;
+    if (_globals.module_count == 0) {
+        PyThread_type_lock mutex;
+        _queues_fini(&_globals.queues, &mutex);
+        assert(mutex != NULL);
+        PyThread_free_lock(mutex);
     }
-
-    _queues_fini(&_globals.queues);
+    PyMutex_Unlock(&_globals.mutex);
 }
 
 static _queues *
@@ -1397,15 +1477,22 @@ qidarg_converter(PyObject *arg, void *ptr)
 static PyObject *
 queuesmod_create(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
 {
-    static char *kwlist[] = {"maxsize", "fmt", NULL};
+    static char *kwlist[] = {"maxsize", "fmt", "unboundop", NULL};
     Py_ssize_t maxsize;
     int fmt;
-    if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwds, "ni:create", kwlist,
-                                     &maxsize, &fmt)) {
+    int unboundop;
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwds, "nii:create", kwlist,
+                                     &maxsize, &fmt, &unboundop))
+    {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if (!check_unbound(unboundop)) {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
+                     "unsupported unboundop %d", unboundop);
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    int64_t qid = queue_create(&_globals.queues, maxsize, fmt);
+    int64_t qid = queue_create(&_globals.queues, maxsize, fmt, unboundop);
     if (qid < 0) {
         (void)handle_queue_error((int)qid, self, qid);
         return NULL;
@@ -1427,7 +1514,7 @@ queuesmod_create(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
 }
 
 PyDoc_STRVAR(queuesmod_create_doc,
-"create(maxsize, fmt) -> qid\n\
+"create(maxsize, fmt, unboundop) -> qid\n\
 \n\
 Create a new cross-interpreter queue and return its unique generated ID.\n\
 It is a new reference as though bind() had been called on the queue.\n\
@@ -1439,7 +1526,7 @@ static PyObject *
 queuesmod_destroy(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
 {
     static char *kwlist[] = {"qid", NULL};
-    qidarg_converter_data qidarg;
+    qidarg_converter_data qidarg = {0};
     if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwds, "O&:destroy", kwlist,
                                      qidarg_converter, &qidarg)) {
         return NULL;
@@ -1463,9 +1550,9 @@ static PyObject *
 queuesmod_list_all(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
     int64_t count = 0;
-    struct queue_id_and_fmt *qids = _queues_list_all(&_globals.queues, &count);
+    struct queue_id_and_info *qids = _queues_list_all(&_globals.queues, &count);
     if (qids == NULL) {
-        if (count == 0) {
+        if (!PyErr_Occurred() && count == 0) {
             return PyList_New(0);
         }
         return NULL;
@@ -1474,9 +1561,10 @@ queuesmod_list_all(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
     if (ids == NULL) {
         goto finally;
     }
-    struct queue_id_and_fmt *cur = qids;
+    struct queue_id_and_info *cur = qids;
     for (int64_t i=0; i < count; cur++, i++) {
-        PyObject *item = Py_BuildValue("Li", cur->id, cur->fmt);
+        PyObject *item = Py_BuildValue("Lii", cur->id, cur->fmt,
+                                       cur->unboundop);
         if (item == NULL) {
             Py_SETREF(ids, NULL);
             break;
@@ -1498,18 +1586,26 @@ Each corresponding default format is also included.");
 static PyObject *
 queuesmod_put(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
 {
-    static char *kwlist[] = {"qid", "obj", "fmt", NULL};
-    qidarg_converter_data qidarg;
+    static char *kwlist[] = {"qid", "obj", "fmt", "unboundop", NULL};
+    qidarg_converter_data qidarg = {0};
     PyObject *obj;
     int fmt;
-    if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwds, "O&Oi:put", kwlist,
-                                     qidarg_converter, &qidarg, &obj, &fmt)) {
+    int unboundop;
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwds, "O&Oii:put", kwlist,
+                                     qidarg_converter, &qidarg, &obj, &fmt,
+                                     &unboundop))
+    {
         return NULL;
     }
     int64_t qid = qidarg.id;
+    if (!check_unbound(unboundop)) {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
+                     "unsupported unboundop %d", unboundop);
+        return NULL;
+    }
 
     /* Queue up the object. */
-    int err = queue_put(&_globals.queues, qid, obj, fmt);
+    int err = queue_put(&_globals.queues, qid, obj, fmt, unboundop);
     // This is the only place that raises QueueFull.
     if (handle_queue_error(err, self, qid)) {
         return NULL;
@@ -1527,7 +1623,7 @@ static PyObject *
 queuesmod_get(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
 {
     static char *kwlist[] = {"qid", NULL};
-    qidarg_converter_data qidarg;
+    qidarg_converter_data qidarg = {0};
     if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwds, "O&:get", kwlist,
                                      qidarg_converter, &qidarg)) {
         return NULL;
@@ -1536,13 +1632,17 @@ queuesmod_get(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
 
     PyObject *obj = NULL;
     int fmt = 0;
-    int err = queue_get(&_globals.queues, qid, &obj, &fmt);
+    int unboundop = 0;
+    int err = queue_get(&_globals.queues, qid, &obj, &fmt, &unboundop);
     // This is the only place that raises QueueEmpty.
     if (handle_queue_error(err, self, qid)) {
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    PyObject *res = Py_BuildValue("Oi", obj, fmt);
+    if (obj == NULL) {
+        return Py_BuildValue("Oii", Py_None, fmt, unboundop);
+    }
+    PyObject *res = Py_BuildValue("OiO", obj, fmt, Py_None);
     Py_DECREF(obj);
     return res;
 }
@@ -1559,7 +1659,7 @@ static PyObject *
 queuesmod_bind(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
 {
     static char *kwlist[] = {"qid", NULL};
-    qidarg_converter_data qidarg;
+    qidarg_converter_data qidarg = {0};
     if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwds, "O&:bind", kwlist,
                                      qidarg_converter, &qidarg)) {
         return NULL;
@@ -1589,7 +1689,7 @@ queuesmod_release(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
 {
     // Note that only the current interpreter is affected.
     static char *kwlist[] = {"qid", NULL};
-    qidarg_converter_data qidarg;
+    qidarg_converter_data qidarg = {0};
     if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwds,
                                      "O&:release", kwlist,
                                      qidarg_converter, &qidarg)) {
@@ -1618,7 +1718,7 @@ static PyObject *
 queuesmod_get_maxsize(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
 {
     static char *kwlist[] = {"qid", NULL};
-    qidarg_converter_data qidarg;
+    qidarg_converter_data qidarg = {0};
     if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwds,
                                      "O&:get_maxsize", kwlist,
                                      qidarg_converter, &qidarg)) {
@@ -1643,7 +1743,7 @@ static PyObject *
 queuesmod_get_queue_defaults(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
 {
     static char *kwlist[] = {"qid", NULL};
-    qidarg_converter_data qidarg;
+    qidarg_converter_data qidarg = {0};
     if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwds,
                                      "O&:get_queue_defaults", kwlist,
                                      qidarg_converter, &qidarg)) {
@@ -1656,17 +1756,12 @@ queuesmod_get_queue_defaults(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
     if (handle_queue_error(err, self, qid)) {
         return NULL;
     }
-    int fmt = queue->fmt;
+    int fmt = queue->defaults.fmt;
+    int unboundop = queue->defaults.unboundop;
     _queue_unmark_waiter(queue, _globals.queues.mutex);
 
-    PyObject *fmt_obj = PyLong_FromLong(fmt);
-    if (fmt_obj == NULL) {
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    // For now queues only have one default.
-    PyObject *res = PyTuple_Pack(1, fmt_obj);
-    Py_DECREF(fmt_obj);
-    return res;
+    PyObject *defaults = Py_BuildValue("ii", fmt, unboundop);
+    return defaults;
 }
 
 PyDoc_STRVAR(queuesmod_get_queue_defaults_doc,
@@ -1678,7 +1773,7 @@ static PyObject *
 queuesmod_is_full(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
 {
     static char *kwlist[] = {"qid", NULL};
-    qidarg_converter_data qidarg;
+    qidarg_converter_data qidarg = {0};
     if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwds,
                                      "O&:is_full", kwlist,
                                      qidarg_converter, &qidarg)) {
@@ -1706,7 +1801,7 @@ static PyObject *
 queuesmod_get_count(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
 {
     static char *kwlist[] = {"qid", NULL};
-    qidarg_converter_data qidarg;
+    qidarg_converter_data qidarg = {0};
     if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwds,
                                      "O&:get_count", kwlist,
                                      qidarg_converter, &qidarg)) {
@@ -1807,7 +1902,8 @@ The 'interpreters' module provides a more convenient interface.");
 static int
 module_exec(PyObject *mod)
 {
-    if (_globals_init() != 0) {
+    int err = _globals_init();
+    if (handle_queue_error(err, mod, -1)) {
         return -1;
     }
 
diff --git a/Modules/_interpreters_common.h b/Modules/_interpreters_common.h
index 07120f6ccc7207..0d2e0c9efd3837 100644
--- a/Modules/_interpreters_common.h
+++ b/Modules/_interpreters_common.h
@@ -19,3 +19,48 @@ clear_xid_class(PyTypeObject *cls)
     return _PyCrossInterpreterData_UnregisterClass(cls);
 }
 #endif
+
+
+static inline int64_t
+_get_interpid(_PyCrossInterpreterData *data)
+{
+    int64_t interpid;
+    if (data != NULL) {
+        interpid = _PyCrossInterpreterData_INTERPID(data);
+        assert(!PyErr_Occurred());
+    }
+    else {
+        interpid = PyInterpreterState_GetID(PyInterpreterState_Get());
+    }
+    return interpid;
+}
+
+
+/* unbound items ************************************************************/
+
+#ifdef HAS_UNBOUND_ITEMS
+
+#define UNBOUND_REMOVE 1
+#define UNBOUND_ERROR 2
+#define UNBOUND_REPLACE 3
+
+// It would also be possible to add UNBOUND_REPLACE where the replacement
+// value is user-provided.  There would be some limitations there, though.
+// Another possibility would be something like UNBOUND_COPY, where the
+// object is released but the underlying data is copied (with the "raw"
+// allocator) and used when the item is popped off the queue.
+
+static int
+check_unbound(int unboundop)
+{
+    switch (unboundop) {
+    case UNBOUND_REMOVE:
+    case UNBOUND_ERROR:
+    case UNBOUND_REPLACE:
+        return 1;
+    default:
+        return 0;
+    }
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/Modules/_interpretersmodule.c b/Modules/_interpretersmodule.c
index 6df6952dfe384f..6f3392fe6ea28d 100644
--- a/Modules/_interpretersmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/_interpretersmodule.c
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@
 #include "pycore_crossinterp.h"   // struct _xid
 #include "pycore_interp.h"        // _PyInterpreterState_IDIncref()
 #include "pycore_initconfig.h"    // _PyErr_SetFromPyStatus()
-#include "pycore_long.h"          // _PyLong_IsNegative()
 #include "pycore_modsupport.h"    // _PyArg_BadArgument()
 #include "pycore_namespace.h"     // _PyNamespace_New()
 #include "pycore_pybuffer.h"      // _PyBuffer_ReleaseInInterpreterAndRawFree()
diff --git a/Modules/_io/_iomodule.c b/Modules/_io/_iomodule.c
index 269070fe2b0a42..6622f2cabb908b 100644
--- a/Modules/_io/_iomodule.c
+++ b/Modules/_io/_iomodule.c
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 #include "Python.h"
 #include "pycore_abstract.h"      // _PyNumber_Index()
 #include "pycore_initconfig.h"    // _PyStatus_OK()
-#include "pycore_long.h"          // _PyLong_Sign()
+#include "pycore_long.h"          // _PyLong_IsNegative()
 #include "pycore_pyerrors.h"      // _PyErr_ChainExceptions1()
 #include "pycore_pystate.h"       // _PyInterpreterState_GET()
 
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ _io_open_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *file, const char *mode,
               const char *newline, int closefd, PyObject *opener)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=aefafc4ce2b46dc0 input=cd034e7cdfbf4e78]*/
 {
-    unsigned i;
+    size_t i;
 
     int creating = 0, reading = 0, writing = 0, appending = 0, updating = 0;
     int text = 0, binary = 0;
@@ -346,7 +346,7 @@ _io_open_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *file, const char *mode,
 
     /* buffering */
     if (buffering < 0) {
-        PyObject *res = PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs(raw, &_Py_ID(isatty));
+        PyObject *res = PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs(raw, &_Py_ID(_isatty_open_only));
         if (res == NULL)
             goto error;
         isatty = PyObject_IsTrue(res);
@@ -544,10 +544,7 @@ PyNumber_AsOff_t(PyObject *item, PyObject *err)
      */
     if (!err) {
         assert(PyLong_Check(value));
-        /* Whether or not it is less than or equal to
-           zero is determined by the sign of ob_size
-        */
-        if (_PyLong_Sign(value) < 0)
+        if (_PyLong_IsNegative((PyLongObject *)value))
             result = PY_OFF_T_MIN;
         else
             result = PY_OFF_T_MAX;
diff --git a/Modules/_io/bufferedio.c b/Modules/_io/bufferedio.c
index aa52711941d374..bc5fff54a62b6d 100644
--- a/Modules/_io/bufferedio.c
+++ b/Modules/_io/bufferedio.c
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
 */
 
 #include "Python.h"
-#include "pycore_bytesobject.h"         // _PyBytes_Join()
 #include "pycore_call.h"                // _PyObject_CallNoArgs()
 #include "pycore_object.h"              // _PyObject_GC_UNTRACK()
 #include "pycore_pyerrors.h"            // _Py_FatalErrorFormat()
@@ -1284,7 +1283,7 @@ _buffered_readline(buffered *self, Py_ssize_t limit)
         Py_CLEAR(res);
         goto end;
     }
-    Py_XSETREF(res, _PyBytes_Join((PyObject *)&_Py_SINGLETON(bytes_empty), chunks));
+    Py_XSETREF(res, PyBytes_Join((PyObject *)&_Py_SINGLETON(bytes_empty), chunks));
 
 end:
     LEAVE_BUFFERED(self)
@@ -1737,7 +1736,7 @@ _bufferedreader_read_all(buffered *self)
                 goto cleanup;
             }
             else {
-                tmp = _PyBytes_Join((PyObject *)&_Py_SINGLETON(bytes_empty), chunks);
+                tmp = PyBytes_Join((PyObject *)&_Py_SINGLETON(bytes_empty), chunks);
                 res = tmp;
                 goto cleanup;
             }
diff --git a/Modules/_io/fileio.c b/Modules/_io/fileio.c
index b5129ffcbffdcf..f374592eb95967 100644
--- a/Modules/_io/fileio.c
+++ b/Modules/_io/fileio.c
@@ -12,9 +12,6 @@
 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_TYPES_H
 #  include <sys/types.h>
 #endif
-#ifdef HAVE_SYS_STAT_H
-#  include <sys/stat.h>
-#endif
 #ifdef HAVE_IO_H
 #  include <io.h>
 #endif
@@ -54,6 +51,9 @@
 #  define SMALLCHUNK BUFSIZ
 #endif
 
+/* Size at which a buffer is considered "large" and behavior should change to
+   avoid excessive memory allocation */
+#define LARGE_BUFFER_CUTOFF_SIZE 65536
 
 /*[clinic input]
 module _io
@@ -71,12 +71,19 @@ typedef struct {
     signed int seekable : 2; /* -1 means unknown */
     unsigned int closefd : 1;
     char finalizing;
-    unsigned int blksize;
+    /* Stat result which was grabbed at file open, useful for optimizing common
+       File I/O patterns to be more efficient. This is only guidance / an
+       estimate, as it is subject to Time-Of-Check to Time-Of-Use (TOCTOU)
+       issues / bugs. Both the underlying file descriptor and file may be
+       modified outside of the fileio object / Python (ex. gh-90102, GH-121941,
+       gh-109523). */
+    struct _Py_stat_struct *stat_atopen;
     PyObject *weakreflist;
     PyObject *dict;
 } fileio;
 
 #define PyFileIO_Check(state, op) (PyObject_TypeCheck((op), state->PyFileIO_Type))
+#define _PyFileIO_CAST(op) _Py_CAST(fileio*, (op))
 
 /* Forward declarations */
 static PyObject* portable_lseek(fileio *self, PyObject *posobj, int whence, bool suppress_pipe_error);
@@ -84,15 +91,16 @@ static PyObject* portable_lseek(fileio *self, PyObject *posobj, int whence, bool
 int
 _PyFileIO_closed(PyObject *self)
 {
-    return ((fileio *)self)->fd < 0;
+    return (_PyFileIO_CAST(self)->fd < 0);
 }
 
 /* Because this can call arbitrary code, it shouldn't be called when
    the refcount is 0 (that is, not directly from tp_dealloc unless
    the refcount has been temporarily re-incremented). */
 static PyObject *
-fileio_dealloc_warn(fileio *self, PyObject *source)
+fileio_dealloc_warn(PyObject *op, PyObject *source)
 {
+    fileio *self = _PyFileIO_CAST(op);
     if (self->fd >= 0 && self->closefd) {
         PyObject *exc = PyErr_GetRaisedException();
         if (PyErr_ResourceWarning(source, 1, "unclosed file %R", source)) {
@@ -162,7 +170,7 @@ _io_FileIO_close_impl(fileio *self, PyTypeObject *cls)
         exc = PyErr_GetRaisedException();
     }
     if (self->finalizing) {
-        PyObject *r = fileio_dealloc_warn(self, (PyObject *) self);
+        PyObject *r = fileio_dealloc_warn((PyObject*)self, (PyObject *) self);
         if (r) {
             Py_DECREF(r);
         }
@@ -183,23 +191,22 @@ _io_FileIO_close_impl(fileio *self, PyTypeObject *cls)
 static PyObject *
 fileio_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
 {
-    fileio *self;
-
     assert(type != NULL && type->tp_alloc != NULL);
 
-    self = (fileio *) type->tp_alloc(type, 0);
-    if (self != NULL) {
-        self->fd = -1;
-        self->created = 0;
-        self->readable = 0;
-        self->writable = 0;
-        self->appending = 0;
-        self->seekable = -1;
-        self->blksize = 0;
-        self->closefd = 1;
-        self->weakreflist = NULL;
+    fileio *self = (fileio *) type->tp_alloc(type, 0);
+    if (self == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
     }
 
+    self->fd = -1;
+    self->created = 0;
+    self->readable = 0;
+    self->writable = 0;
+    self->appending = 0;
+    self->seekable = -1;
+    self->stat_atopen = NULL;
+    self->closefd = 1;
+    self->weakreflist = NULL;
     return (PyObject *) self;
 }
 
@@ -251,7 +258,6 @@ _io_FileIO___init___impl(fileio *self, PyObject *nameobj, const char *mode,
 #elif !defined(MS_WINDOWS)
     int *atomic_flag_works = NULL;
 #endif
-    struct _Py_stat_struct fdfstat;
     int fstat_result;
     int async_err = 0;
 
@@ -449,9 +455,14 @@ _io_FileIO___init___impl(fileio *self, PyObject *nameobj, const char *mode,
 #endif
     }
 
-    self->blksize = DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE;
+    PyMem_Free(self->stat_atopen);
+    self->stat_atopen = PyMem_New(struct _Py_stat_struct, 1);
+    if (self->stat_atopen == NULL) {
+        PyErr_NoMemory();
+        goto error;
+    }
     Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
-    fstat_result = _Py_fstat_noraise(self->fd, &fdfstat);
+    fstat_result = _Py_fstat_noraise(self->fd, self->stat_atopen);
     Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
     if (fstat_result < 0) {
         /* Tolerate fstat() errors other than EBADF.  See Issue #25717, where
@@ -466,22 +477,21 @@ _io_FileIO___init___impl(fileio *self, PyObject *nameobj, const char *mode,
 #endif
             goto error;
         }
+
+        PyMem_Free(self->stat_atopen);
+        self->stat_atopen = NULL;
     }
     else {
 #if defined(S_ISDIR) && defined(EISDIR)
         /* On Unix, open will succeed for directories.
            In Python, there should be no file objects referring to
            directories, so we need a check.  */
-        if (S_ISDIR(fdfstat.st_mode)) {
+        if (S_ISDIR(self->stat_atopen->st_mode)) {
             errno = EISDIR;
             PyErr_SetFromErrnoWithFilenameObject(PyExc_OSError, nameobj);
             goto error;
         }
 #endif /* defined(S_ISDIR) */
-#ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BLKSIZE
-        if (fdfstat.st_blksize > 1)
-            self->blksize = fdfstat.st_blksize;
-#endif /* HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BLKSIZE */
     }
 
 #if defined(MS_WINDOWS) || defined(__CYGWIN__)
@@ -513,6 +523,10 @@ _io_FileIO___init___impl(fileio *self, PyObject *nameobj, const char *mode,
         internal_close(self);
         _PyErr_ChainExceptions1(exc);
     }
+    if (self->stat_atopen != NULL) {
+        PyMem_Free(self->stat_atopen);
+        self->stat_atopen = NULL;
+    }
 
  done:
 #ifdef MS_WINDOWS
@@ -523,32 +537,43 @@ _io_FileIO___init___impl(fileio *self, PyObject *nameobj, const char *mode,
 }
 
 static int
-fileio_traverse(fileio *self, visitproc visit, void *arg)
+fileio_traverse(PyObject *op, visitproc visit, void *arg)
 {
+    fileio *self = _PyFileIO_CAST(op);
     Py_VISIT(Py_TYPE(self));
     Py_VISIT(self->dict);
     return 0;
 }
 
 static int
-fileio_clear(fileio *self)
+fileio_clear(PyObject *op)
 {
+    fileio *self = _PyFileIO_CAST(op);
     Py_CLEAR(self->dict);
     return 0;
 }
 
 static void
-fileio_dealloc(fileio *self)
+fileio_dealloc(PyObject *op)
 {
-    PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(self);
+    fileio *self = _PyFileIO_CAST(op);
     self->finalizing = 1;
-    if (_PyIOBase_finalize((PyObject *) self) < 0)
+    if (_PyIOBase_finalize(op) < 0) {
         return;
+    }
+
     _PyObject_GC_UNTRACK(self);
-    if (self->weakreflist != NULL)
-        PyObject_ClearWeakRefs((PyObject *) self);
-    (void)fileio_clear(self);
-    tp->tp_free((PyObject *)self);
+    if (self->stat_atopen != NULL) {
+        PyMem_Free(self->stat_atopen);
+        self->stat_atopen = NULL;
+    }
+    if (self->weakreflist != NULL) {
+        PyObject_ClearWeakRefs(op);
+    }
+    (void)fileio_clear(op);
+
+    PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(op);
+    tp->tp_free(op);
     Py_DECREF(tp);
 }
 
@@ -684,7 +709,7 @@ new_buffersize(fileio *self, size_t currentsize)
        giving us amortized linear-time behavior.  For bigger sizes, use a
        less-than-double growth factor to avoid excessive allocation. */
     assert(currentsize <= PY_SSIZE_T_MAX);
-    if (currentsize > 65536)
+    if (currentsize > LARGE_BUFFER_CUTOFF_SIZE)
         addend = currentsize >> 3;
     else
         addend = 256 + currentsize;
@@ -707,43 +732,63 @@ static PyObject *
 _io_FileIO_readall_impl(fileio *self)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=faa0292b213b4022 input=dbdc137f55602834]*/
 {
-    struct _Py_stat_struct status;
     Py_off_t pos, end;
     PyObject *result;
     Py_ssize_t bytes_read = 0;
     Py_ssize_t n;
     size_t bufsize;
-    int fstat_result;
 
-    if (self->fd < 0)
+    if (self->fd < 0) {
         return err_closed();
+    }
 
-    Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
-    _Py_BEGIN_SUPPRESS_IPH
+    if (self->stat_atopen != NULL && self->stat_atopen->st_size < _PY_READ_MAX) {
+        end = (Py_off_t)self->stat_atopen->st_size;
+    }
+    else {
+        end = -1;
+    }
+    if (end <= 0) {
+        /* Use a default size and resize as needed. */
+        bufsize = SMALLCHUNK;
+    }
+    else {
+        /* This is probably a real file. */
+        if (end > _PY_READ_MAX - 1) {
+            bufsize = _PY_READ_MAX;
+        }
+        else {
+            /* In order to detect end of file, need a read() of at
+               least 1 byte which returns size 0. Oversize the buffer
+               by 1 byte so the I/O can be completed with two read()
+               calls (one for all data, one for EOF) without needing
+               to resize the buffer. */
+            bufsize = (size_t)end + 1;
+        }
+
+        /* While a lot of code does open().read() to get the whole contents
+           of a file it is possible a caller seeks/reads a ways into the file
+           then calls readall() to get the rest, which would result in allocating
+           more than required. Guard against that for larger files where we expect
+           the I/O time to dominate anyways while keeping small files fast. */
+        if (bufsize > LARGE_BUFFER_CUTOFF_SIZE) {
+            Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
+            _Py_BEGIN_SUPPRESS_IPH
 #ifdef MS_WINDOWS
-    pos = _lseeki64(self->fd, 0L, SEEK_CUR);
+            pos = _lseeki64(self->fd, 0L, SEEK_CUR);
 #else
-    pos = lseek(self->fd, 0L, SEEK_CUR);
+            pos = lseek(self->fd, 0L, SEEK_CUR);
 #endif
-    _Py_END_SUPPRESS_IPH
-    fstat_result = _Py_fstat_noraise(self->fd, &status);
-    Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
+            _Py_END_SUPPRESS_IPH
+            Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
 
-    if (fstat_result == 0)
-        end = status.st_size;
-    else
-        end = (Py_off_t)-1;
-
-    if (end > 0 && end >= pos && pos >= 0 && end - pos < PY_SSIZE_T_MAX) {
-        /* This is probably a real file, so we try to allocate a
-           buffer one byte larger than the rest of the file.  If the
-           calculation is right then we should get EOF without having
-           to enlarge the buffer. */
-        bufsize = (size_t)(end - pos + 1);
-    } else {
-        bufsize = SMALLCHUNK;
+            if (end >= pos && pos >= 0 && (end - pos) < (_PY_READ_MAX - 1)) {
+                bufsize = (size_t)(end - pos) + 1;
+            }
+        }
     }
 
+
     result = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(NULL, bufsize);
     if (result == NULL)
         return NULL;
@@ -783,7 +828,6 @@ _io_FileIO_readall_impl(fileio *self)
             return NULL;
         }
         bytes_read += n;
-        pos += n;
     }
 
     if (PyBytes_GET_SIZE(result) > bytes_read) {
@@ -1074,6 +1118,14 @@ _io_FileIO_truncate_impl(fileio *self, PyTypeObject *cls, PyObject *posobj)
         return NULL;
     }
 
+    /* Since the file was truncated, its size at open is no longer accurate
+       as an estimate. Clear out the stat result, and rely on dynamic resize
+       code if a readall is requested. */
+    if (self->stat_atopen != NULL) {
+        PyMem_Free(self->stat_atopen);
+        self->stat_atopen = NULL;
+    }
+
     return posobj;
 }
 #endif /* HAVE_FTRUNCATE */
@@ -1104,18 +1156,20 @@ mode_string(fileio *self)
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-fileio_repr(fileio *self)
+fileio_repr(PyObject *op)
 {
-    PyObject *nameobj, *res;
-    const char *type_name = Py_TYPE((PyObject *) self)->tp_name;
+    fileio *self = _PyFileIO_CAST(op);
+    const char *type_name = Py_TYPE(self)->tp_name;
 
     if (self->fd < 0) {
         return PyUnicode_FromFormat("<%.100s [closed]>", type_name);
     }
 
+    PyObject *nameobj;
     if (PyObject_GetOptionalAttr((PyObject *) self, &_Py_ID(name), &nameobj) < 0) {
         return NULL;
     }
+    PyObject *res;
     if (nameobj == NULL) {
         res = PyUnicode_FromFormat(
             "<%.100s fd=%d mode='%s' closefd=%s>",
@@ -1161,6 +1215,24 @@ _io_FileIO_isatty_impl(fileio *self)
     return PyBool_FromLong(res);
 }
 
+/* Checks whether the file is a TTY using an open-only optimization.
+
+   TTYs are always character devices. If the interpreter knows a file is
+   not a character device when it would call ``isatty``, can skip that
+   call. Inside ``open()``  there is a fresh stat result that contains that
+   information. Use the stat result to skip a system call. Outside of that
+   context TOCTOU issues (the fd could be arbitrarily modified by
+   surrounding code). */
+static PyObject *
+_io_FileIO_isatty_open_only(PyObject *op, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
+{
+    fileio *self = _PyFileIO_CAST(op);
+    if (self->stat_atopen != NULL && !S_ISCHR(self->stat_atopen->st_mode)) {
+        Py_RETURN_FALSE;
+    }
+    return _io_FileIO_isatty_impl(self);
+}
+
 #include "clinic/fileio.c.h"
 
 static PyMethodDef fileio_methods[] = {
@@ -1177,7 +1249,8 @@ static PyMethodDef fileio_methods[] = {
     _IO_FILEIO_WRITABLE_METHODDEF
     _IO_FILEIO_FILENO_METHODDEF
     _IO_FILEIO_ISATTY_METHODDEF
-    {"_dealloc_warn", (PyCFunction)fileio_dealloc_warn, METH_O, NULL},
+    {"_isatty_open_only", _io_FileIO_isatty_open_only, METH_NOARGS},
+    {"_dealloc_warn", fileio_dealloc_warn, METH_O, NULL},
     {"__reduce__", _PyIOBase_cannot_pickle, METH_NOARGS},
     {"__reduce_ex__", _PyIOBase_cannot_pickle, METH_O},
     {NULL,           NULL}             /* sentinel */
@@ -1186,33 +1259,48 @@ static PyMethodDef fileio_methods[] = {
 /* 'closed' and 'mode' are attributes for backwards compatibility reasons. */
 
 static PyObject *
-get_closed(fileio *self, void *closure)
+fileio_get_closed(PyObject *op, void *closure)
 {
+    fileio *self = _PyFileIO_CAST(op);
     return PyBool_FromLong((long)(self->fd < 0));
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-get_closefd(fileio *self, void *closure)
+fileio_get_closefd(PyObject *op, void *closure)
 {
+    fileio *self = _PyFileIO_CAST(op);
     return PyBool_FromLong((long)(self->closefd));
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-get_mode(fileio *self, void *closure)
+fileio_get_mode(PyObject *op, void *closure)
 {
+    fileio *self = _PyFileIO_CAST(op);
     return PyUnicode_FromString(mode_string(self));
 }
 
+static PyObject *
+fileio_get_blksize(PyObject *op, void *closure)
+{
+    fileio *self = _PyFileIO_CAST(op);
+#ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BLKSIZE
+    if (self->stat_atopen != NULL && self->stat_atopen->st_blksize > 1) {
+        return PyLong_FromLong(self->stat_atopen->st_blksize);
+    }
+#endif /* HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BLKSIZE */
+    return PyLong_FromLong(DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE);
+}
+
 static PyGetSetDef fileio_getsetlist[] = {
-    {"closed", (getter)get_closed, NULL, "True if the file is closed"},
-    {"closefd", (getter)get_closefd, NULL,
+    {"closed", fileio_get_closed, NULL, "True if the file is closed"},
+    {"closefd", fileio_get_closefd, NULL,
         "True if the file descriptor will be closed by close()."},
-    {"mode", (getter)get_mode, NULL, "String giving the file mode"},
+    {"mode", fileio_get_mode, NULL, "String giving the file mode"},
+    {"_blksize", fileio_get_blksize, NULL, "Stat st_blksize if available"},
     {NULL},
 };
 
 static PyMemberDef fileio_members[] = {
-    {"_blksize", Py_T_UINT, offsetof(fileio, blksize), 0},
     {"_finalizing", Py_T_BOOL, offsetof(fileio, finalizing), 0},
     {"__weaklistoffset__", Py_T_PYSSIZET, offsetof(fileio, weakreflist), Py_READONLY},
     {"__dictoffset__", Py_T_PYSSIZET, offsetof(fileio, dict), Py_READONLY},
diff --git a/Modules/_io/iobase.c b/Modules/_io/iobase.c
index 184e0b7d1aa7f1..419e5516b5c11e 100644
--- a/Modules/_io/iobase.c
+++ b/Modules/_io/iobase.c
@@ -999,7 +999,7 @@ _io__RawIOBase_readall_impl(PyObject *self)
             return NULL;
         }
     }
-    result = _PyBytes_Join((PyObject *)&_Py_SINGLETON(bytes_empty), chunks);
+    result = PyBytes_Join((PyObject *)&_Py_SINGLETON(bytes_empty), chunks);
     Py_DECREF(chunks);
     return result;
 }
diff --git a/Modules/_io/stringio.c b/Modules/_io/stringio.c
index 06bc2679e8e227..f558613dc6233c 100644
--- a/Modules/_io/stringio.c
+++ b/Modules/_io/stringio.c
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ write_str(stringio *self, PyObject *obj)
     }
     if (self->writenl) {
         PyObject *translated = PyUnicode_Replace(
-            decoded, &_Py_STR(newline), self->writenl, -1);
+            decoded, _Py_LATIN1_CHR('\n'), self->writenl, -1);
         Py_SETREF(decoded, translated);
     }
     if (decoded == NULL)
@@ -353,7 +353,7 @@ _stringio_readline(stringio *self, Py_ssize_t limit)
 
     /* In case of overseek, return the empty string */
     if (self->pos >= self->string_size)
-        return PyUnicode_New(0, 0);
+        return Py_GetConstant(Py_CONSTANT_EMPTY_STR);
 
     start = self->buf + self->pos;
     if (limit < 0 || limit > self->string_size - self->pos)
diff --git a/Modules/_io/textio.c b/Modules/_io/textio.c
index c162d8106ec1fd..0d851ee211511c 100644
--- a/Modules/_io/textio.c
+++ b/Modules/_io/textio.c
@@ -559,7 +559,7 @@ _io_IncrementalNewlineDecoder_getstate_impl(nldecoder_object *self)
         Py_DECREF(state);
     }
     else {
-        buffer = PyBytes_FromString("");
+        buffer = Py_GetConstant(Py_CONSTANT_EMPTY_BYTES);
         flag = 0;
     }
     flag <<= 1;
@@ -1719,7 +1719,7 @@ _io_TextIOWrapper_write_impl(textio *self, PyObject *text)
         bytes_len = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(b);
     }
 
-    // We should avoid concatinating huge data.
+    // We should avoid concatenating huge data.
     // Flush the buffer before adding b to the buffer if b is not small.
     // https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/87426
     if (bytes_len >= self->chunk_size) {
@@ -1806,7 +1806,7 @@ textiowrapper_get_decoded_chars(textio *self, Py_ssize_t n)
     Py_ssize_t avail;
 
     if (self->decoded_chars == NULL)
-        return PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize(NULL, 0);
+        return Py_GetConstant(Py_CONSTANT_EMPTY_STR);
 
     /* decoded_chars is guaranteed to be "ready". */
     avail = (PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(self->decoded_chars)
diff --git a/Modules/_io/winconsoleio.c b/Modules/_io/winconsoleio.c
index ec5c298066a587..d7cb5abfdc0abd 100644
--- a/Modules/_io/winconsoleio.c
+++ b/Modules/_io/winconsoleio.c
@@ -1128,6 +1128,7 @@ static PyMethodDef winconsoleio_methods[] = {
     _IO__WINDOWSCONSOLEIO_WRITABLE_METHODDEF
     _IO__WINDOWSCONSOLEIO_FILENO_METHODDEF
     _IO__WINDOWSCONSOLEIO_ISATTY_METHODDEF
+    {"_isatty_open_only", (PyCFunction)_io__WindowsConsoleIO_isatty, METH_NOARGS},
     {NULL,           NULL}             /* sentinel */
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/_json.c b/Modules/_json.c
index c7fe1561bb1018..ce0093ab431d05 100644
--- a/Modules/_json.c
+++ b/Modules/_json.c
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 #include "Python.h"
 #include "pycore_ceval.h"           // _Py_EnterRecursiveCall()
 #include "pycore_runtime.h"         // _PyRuntime
+#include "pycore_pyerrors.h"        // _PyErr_FormatNote
 
 #include "pycore_global_strings.h"  // _Py_ID()
 #include <stdbool.h>                // bool
@@ -85,11 +86,11 @@ encoder_dealloc(PyObject *self);
 static int
 encoder_clear(PyEncoderObject *self);
 static int
-encoder_listencode_list(PyEncoderObject *s, _PyUnicodeWriter *writer, PyObject *seq, PyObject *newline_indent);
+encoder_listencode_list(PyEncoderObject *s, PyUnicodeWriter *writer, PyObject *seq, PyObject *newline_indent);
 static int
-encoder_listencode_obj(PyEncoderObject *s, _PyUnicodeWriter *writer, PyObject *obj, PyObject *newline_indent);
+encoder_listencode_obj(PyEncoderObject *s, PyUnicodeWriter *writer, PyObject *obj, PyObject *newline_indent);
 static int
-encoder_listencode_dict(PyEncoderObject *s, _PyUnicodeWriter *writer, PyObject *dct, PyObject *newline_indent);
+encoder_listencode_dict(PyEncoderObject *s, PyUnicodeWriter *writer, PyObject *dct, PyObject *newline_indent);
 static PyObject *
 _encoded_const(PyObject *obj);
 static void
@@ -1267,38 +1268,39 @@ encoder_call(PyEncoderObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
 {
     /* Python callable interface to encode_listencode_obj */
     static char *kwlist[] = {"obj", "_current_indent_level", NULL};
-    PyObject *obj, *result;
+    PyObject *obj;
     Py_ssize_t indent_level;
-    _PyUnicodeWriter writer;
 
     if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwds, "On:_iterencode", kwlist,
-        &obj, &indent_level))
+                                     &obj, &indent_level))
         return NULL;
 
-    _PyUnicodeWriter_Init(&writer);
-    writer.overallocate = 1;
+    PyUnicodeWriter *writer = PyUnicodeWriter_Create(0);
+    if (writer == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
 
     PyObject *newline_indent = NULL;
     if (self->indent != Py_None) {
         newline_indent = _create_newline_indent(self->indent, indent_level);
         if (newline_indent == NULL) {
-            _PyUnicodeWriter_Dealloc(&writer);
+            PyUnicodeWriter_Discard(writer);
             return NULL;
         }
     }
-    if (encoder_listencode_obj(self, &writer, obj, newline_indent)) {
-        _PyUnicodeWriter_Dealloc(&writer);
+    if (encoder_listencode_obj(self, writer, obj, newline_indent)) {
+        PyUnicodeWriter_Discard(writer);
         Py_XDECREF(newline_indent);
         return NULL;
     }
     Py_XDECREF(newline_indent);
 
-    result = PyTuple_New(1);
-    if (result == NULL ||
-            PyTuple_SetItem(result, 0, _PyUnicodeWriter_Finish(&writer)) < 0) {
-        Py_XDECREF(result);
+    PyObject *str = PyUnicodeWriter_Finish(writer);
+    if (str == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
+    PyObject *result = PyTuple_Pack(1, str);
+    Py_DECREF(str);
     return result;
 }
 
@@ -1369,16 +1371,16 @@ encoder_encode_string(PyEncoderObject *s, PyObject *obj)
 }
 
 static int
-_steal_accumulate(_PyUnicodeWriter *writer, PyObject *stolen)
+_steal_accumulate(PyUnicodeWriter *writer, PyObject *stolen)
 {
     /* Append stolen and then decrement its reference count */
-    int rval = _PyUnicodeWriter_WriteStr(writer, stolen);
+    int rval = PyUnicodeWriter_WriteStr(writer, stolen);
     Py_DECREF(stolen);
     return rval;
 }
 
 static int
-encoder_listencode_obj(PyEncoderObject *s, _PyUnicodeWriter *writer,
+encoder_listencode_obj(PyEncoderObject *s, PyUnicodeWriter *writer,
                        PyObject *obj, PyObject *newline_indent)
 {
     /* Encode Python object obj to a JSON term */
@@ -1386,13 +1388,13 @@ encoder_listencode_obj(PyEncoderObject *s, _PyUnicodeWriter *writer,
     int rv;
 
     if (obj == Py_None) {
-      return _PyUnicodeWriter_WriteASCIIString(writer, "null", 4);
+      return PyUnicodeWriter_WriteUTF8(writer, "null", 4);
     }
     else if (obj == Py_True) {
-      return _PyUnicodeWriter_WriteASCIIString(writer, "true", 4);
+      return PyUnicodeWriter_WriteUTF8(writer, "true", 4);
     }
     else if (obj == Py_False) {
-      return _PyUnicodeWriter_WriteASCIIString(writer, "false", 5);
+      return PyUnicodeWriter_WriteUTF8(writer, "false", 5);
     }
     else if (PyUnicode_Check(obj)) {
         PyObject *encoded = encoder_encode_string(s, obj);
@@ -1401,6 +1403,10 @@ encoder_listencode_obj(PyEncoderObject *s, _PyUnicodeWriter *writer,
         return _steal_accumulate(writer, encoded);
     }
     else if (PyLong_Check(obj)) {
+        if (PyLong_CheckExact(obj)) {
+            // Fast-path for exact integers
+            return PyUnicodeWriter_WriteRepr(writer, obj);
+        }
         PyObject *encoded = PyLong_Type.tp_repr(obj);
         if (encoded == NULL)
             return -1;
@@ -1461,6 +1467,7 @@ encoder_listencode_obj(PyEncoderObject *s, _PyUnicodeWriter *writer,
 
         Py_DECREF(newobj);
         if (rv) {
+            _PyErr_FormatNote("when serializing %T object", obj);
             Py_XDECREF(ident);
             return -1;
         }
@@ -1476,8 +1483,8 @@ encoder_listencode_obj(PyEncoderObject *s, _PyUnicodeWriter *writer,
 }
 
 static int
-encoder_encode_key_value(PyEncoderObject *s, _PyUnicodeWriter *writer, bool *first,
-                         PyObject *key, PyObject *value,
+encoder_encode_key_value(PyEncoderObject *s, PyUnicodeWriter *writer, bool *first,
+                         PyObject *dct, PyObject *key, PyObject *value,
                          PyObject *newline_indent,
                          PyObject *item_separator)
 {
@@ -1516,7 +1523,7 @@ encoder_encode_key_value(PyEncoderObject *s, _PyUnicodeWriter *writer, bool *fir
         *first = false;
     }
     else {
-        if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteStr(writer, item_separator) < 0) {
+        if (PyUnicodeWriter_WriteStr(writer, item_separator) < 0) {
             Py_DECREF(keystr);
             return -1;
         }
@@ -1531,17 +1538,18 @@ encoder_encode_key_value(PyEncoderObject *s, _PyUnicodeWriter *writer, bool *fir
     if (_steal_accumulate(writer, encoded) < 0) {
         return -1;
     }
-    if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteStr(writer, s->key_separator) < 0) {
+    if (PyUnicodeWriter_WriteStr(writer, s->key_separator) < 0) {
         return -1;
     }
     if (encoder_listencode_obj(s, writer, value, newline_indent) < 0) {
+        _PyErr_FormatNote("when serializing %T item %R", dct, key);
         return -1;
     }
     return 0;
 }
 
 static int
-encoder_listencode_dict(PyEncoderObject *s, _PyUnicodeWriter *writer,
+encoder_listencode_dict(PyEncoderObject *s, PyUnicodeWriter *writer,
                         PyObject *dct, PyObject *newline_indent)
 {
     /* Encode Python dict dct a JSON term */
@@ -1552,8 +1560,10 @@ encoder_listencode_dict(PyEncoderObject *s, _PyUnicodeWriter *writer,
     PyObject *new_newline_indent = NULL;
     PyObject *separator_indent = NULL;
 
-    if (PyDict_GET_SIZE(dct) == 0)  /* Fast path */
-        return _PyUnicodeWriter_WriteASCIIString(writer, "{}", 2);
+    if (PyDict_GET_SIZE(dct) == 0) {
+        /* Fast path */
+        return PyUnicodeWriter_WriteUTF8(writer, "{}", 2);
+    }
 
     if (s->markers != Py_None) {
         int has_key;
@@ -1571,8 +1581,9 @@ encoder_listencode_dict(PyEncoderObject *s, _PyUnicodeWriter *writer,
         }
     }
 
-    if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar(writer, '{'))
+    if (PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar(writer, '{')) {
         goto bail;
+    }
 
     PyObject *current_item_separator = s->item_separator; // borrowed reference
     if (s->indent != Py_None) {
@@ -1586,7 +1597,7 @@ encoder_listencode_dict(PyEncoderObject *s, _PyUnicodeWriter *writer,
         }
         // update item separator with a borrowed reference
         current_item_separator = separator_indent;
-        if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteStr(writer, new_newline_indent) < 0) {
+        if (PyUnicodeWriter_WriteStr(writer, new_newline_indent) < 0) {
             goto bail;
         }
     }
@@ -1606,7 +1617,7 @@ encoder_listencode_dict(PyEncoderObject *s, _PyUnicodeWriter *writer,
 
             key = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(item, 0);
             value = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(item, 1);
-            if (encoder_encode_key_value(s, writer, &first, key, value,
+            if (encoder_encode_key_value(s, writer, &first, dct, key, value,
                                          new_newline_indent,
                                          current_item_separator) < 0)
                 goto bail;
@@ -1616,7 +1627,7 @@ encoder_listencode_dict(PyEncoderObject *s, _PyUnicodeWriter *writer,
     } else {
         Py_ssize_t pos = 0;
         while (PyDict_Next(dct, &pos, &key, &value)) {
-            if (encoder_encode_key_value(s, writer, &first, key, value,
+            if (encoder_encode_key_value(s, writer, &first, dct, key, value,
                                          new_newline_indent,
                                          current_item_separator) < 0)
                 goto bail;
@@ -1632,13 +1643,14 @@ encoder_listencode_dict(PyEncoderObject *s, _PyUnicodeWriter *writer,
         Py_CLEAR(new_newline_indent);
         Py_CLEAR(separator_indent);
 
-        if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteStr(writer, newline_indent) < 0) {
+        if (PyUnicodeWriter_WriteStr(writer, newline_indent) < 0) {
             goto bail;
         }
     }
 
-    if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar(writer, '}'))
+    if (PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar(writer, '}')) {
         goto bail;
+    }
     return 0;
 
 bail:
@@ -1650,7 +1662,7 @@ encoder_listencode_dict(PyEncoderObject *s, _PyUnicodeWriter *writer,
 }
 
 static int
-encoder_listencode_list(PyEncoderObject *s, _PyUnicodeWriter *writer,
+encoder_listencode_list(PyEncoderObject *s, PyUnicodeWriter *writer,
                         PyObject *seq, PyObject *newline_indent)
 {
     PyObject *ident = NULL;
@@ -1665,7 +1677,7 @@ encoder_listencode_list(PyEncoderObject *s, _PyUnicodeWriter *writer,
         return -1;
     if (PySequence_Fast_GET_SIZE(s_fast) == 0) {
         Py_DECREF(s_fast);
-        return _PyUnicodeWriter_WriteASCIIString(writer, "[]", 2);
+        return PyUnicodeWriter_WriteUTF8(writer, "[]", 2);
     }
 
     if (s->markers != Py_None) {
@@ -1684,8 +1696,9 @@ encoder_listencode_list(PyEncoderObject *s, _PyUnicodeWriter *writer,
         }
     }
 
-    if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar(writer, '['))
+    if (PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar(writer, '[')) {
         goto bail;
+    }
 
     PyObject *separator = s->item_separator; // borrowed reference
     if (s->indent != Py_None) {
@@ -1694,7 +1707,7 @@ encoder_listencode_list(PyEncoderObject *s, _PyUnicodeWriter *writer,
             goto bail;
         }
 
-        if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteStr(writer, new_newline_indent) < 0) {
+        if (PyUnicodeWriter_WriteStr(writer, new_newline_indent) < 0) {
             goto bail;
         }
 
@@ -1707,11 +1720,13 @@ encoder_listencode_list(PyEncoderObject *s, _PyUnicodeWriter *writer,
     for (i = 0; i < PySequence_Fast_GET_SIZE(s_fast); i++) {
         PyObject *obj = PySequence_Fast_GET_ITEM(s_fast, i);
         if (i) {
-            if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteStr(writer, separator) < 0)
+            if (PyUnicodeWriter_WriteStr(writer, separator) < 0)
                 goto bail;
         }
-        if (encoder_listencode_obj(s, writer, obj, new_newline_indent))
+        if (encoder_listencode_obj(s, writer, obj, new_newline_indent)) {
+            _PyErr_FormatNote("when serializing %T item %zd", seq, i);
             goto bail;
+        }
     }
     if (ident != NULL) {
         if (PyDict_DelItem(s->markers, ident))
@@ -1722,13 +1737,14 @@ encoder_listencode_list(PyEncoderObject *s, _PyUnicodeWriter *writer,
     if (s->indent != Py_None) {
         Py_CLEAR(new_newline_indent);
         Py_CLEAR(separator_indent);
-        if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteStr(writer, newline_indent) < 0) {
+        if (PyUnicodeWriter_WriteStr(writer, newline_indent) < 0) {
             goto bail;
         }
     }
 
-    if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar(writer, ']'))
+    if (PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar(writer, ']')) {
         goto bail;
+    }
     Py_DECREF(s_fast);
     return 0;
 
diff --git a/Modules/_localemodule.c b/Modules/_localemodule.c
index d4923442478b3e..2a789ea74d27da 100644
--- a/Modules/_localemodule.c
+++ b/Modules/_localemodule.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ module _locale
 [clinic start generated code]*/
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=da39a3ee5e6b4b0d input=ed98569b726feada]*/
 
-/* support functions for formatting floating point numbers */
+/* support functions for formatting floating-point numbers */
 
 /* the grouping is terminated by either 0 or CHAR_MAX */
 static PyObject*
@@ -144,6 +144,17 @@ locale_is_ascii(const char *str)
     return (strlen(str) == 1 && ((unsigned char)str[0]) <= 127);
 }
 
+static int
+is_all_ascii(const char *str)
+{
+    for (; *str; str++) {
+        if ((unsigned char)*str > 127) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+    return 1;
+}
+
 static int
 locale_decode_monetary(PyObject *dict, struct lconv *lc)
 {
@@ -478,113 +489,153 @@ _locale__getdefaultlocale_impl(PyObject *module)
 #endif
 
 #ifdef HAVE_LANGINFO_H
-#define LANGINFO(X) {#X, X}
+#define LANGINFO(X, Y) {#X, X, Y}
 static struct langinfo_constant{
-    char* name;
+    const char *name;
     int value;
+    int category;
 } langinfo_constants[] =
 {
     /* These constants should exist on any langinfo implementation */
-    LANGINFO(DAY_1),
-    LANGINFO(DAY_2),
-    LANGINFO(DAY_3),
-    LANGINFO(DAY_4),
-    LANGINFO(DAY_5),
-    LANGINFO(DAY_6),
-    LANGINFO(DAY_7),
-
-    LANGINFO(ABDAY_1),
-    LANGINFO(ABDAY_2),
-    LANGINFO(ABDAY_3),
-    LANGINFO(ABDAY_4),
-    LANGINFO(ABDAY_5),
-    LANGINFO(ABDAY_6),
-    LANGINFO(ABDAY_7),
-
-    LANGINFO(MON_1),
-    LANGINFO(MON_2),
-    LANGINFO(MON_3),
-    LANGINFO(MON_4),
-    LANGINFO(MON_5),
-    LANGINFO(MON_6),
-    LANGINFO(MON_7),
-    LANGINFO(MON_8),
-    LANGINFO(MON_9),
-    LANGINFO(MON_10),
-    LANGINFO(MON_11),
-    LANGINFO(MON_12),
-
-    LANGINFO(ABMON_1),
-    LANGINFO(ABMON_2),
-    LANGINFO(ABMON_3),
-    LANGINFO(ABMON_4),
-    LANGINFO(ABMON_5),
-    LANGINFO(ABMON_6),
-    LANGINFO(ABMON_7),
-    LANGINFO(ABMON_8),
-    LANGINFO(ABMON_9),
-    LANGINFO(ABMON_10),
-    LANGINFO(ABMON_11),
-    LANGINFO(ABMON_12),
+    LANGINFO(DAY_1, LC_TIME),
+    LANGINFO(DAY_2, LC_TIME),
+    LANGINFO(DAY_3, LC_TIME),
+    LANGINFO(DAY_4, LC_TIME),
+    LANGINFO(DAY_5, LC_TIME),
+    LANGINFO(DAY_6, LC_TIME),
+    LANGINFO(DAY_7, LC_TIME),
+
+    LANGINFO(ABDAY_1, LC_TIME),
+    LANGINFO(ABDAY_2, LC_TIME),
+    LANGINFO(ABDAY_3, LC_TIME),
+    LANGINFO(ABDAY_4, LC_TIME),
+    LANGINFO(ABDAY_5, LC_TIME),
+    LANGINFO(ABDAY_6, LC_TIME),
+    LANGINFO(ABDAY_7, LC_TIME),
+
+    LANGINFO(MON_1, LC_TIME),
+    LANGINFO(MON_2, LC_TIME),
+    LANGINFO(MON_3, LC_TIME),
+    LANGINFO(MON_4, LC_TIME),
+    LANGINFO(MON_5, LC_TIME),
+    LANGINFO(MON_6, LC_TIME),
+    LANGINFO(MON_7, LC_TIME),
+    LANGINFO(MON_8, LC_TIME),
+    LANGINFO(MON_9, LC_TIME),
+    LANGINFO(MON_10, LC_TIME),
+    LANGINFO(MON_11, LC_TIME),
+    LANGINFO(MON_12, LC_TIME),
+
+    LANGINFO(ABMON_1, LC_TIME),
+    LANGINFO(ABMON_2, LC_TIME),
+    LANGINFO(ABMON_3, LC_TIME),
+    LANGINFO(ABMON_4, LC_TIME),
+    LANGINFO(ABMON_5, LC_TIME),
+    LANGINFO(ABMON_6, LC_TIME),
+    LANGINFO(ABMON_7, LC_TIME),
+    LANGINFO(ABMON_8, LC_TIME),
+    LANGINFO(ABMON_9, LC_TIME),
+    LANGINFO(ABMON_10, LC_TIME),
+    LANGINFO(ABMON_11, LC_TIME),
+    LANGINFO(ABMON_12, LC_TIME),
 
 #ifdef RADIXCHAR
     /* The following are not available with glibc 2.0 */
-    LANGINFO(RADIXCHAR),
-    LANGINFO(THOUSEP),
+    LANGINFO(RADIXCHAR, LC_NUMERIC),
+    LANGINFO(THOUSEP, LC_NUMERIC),
     /* YESSTR and NOSTR are deprecated in glibc, since they are
        a special case of message translation, which should be rather
        done using gettext. So we don't expose it to Python in the
        first place.
-    LANGINFO(YESSTR),
-    LANGINFO(NOSTR),
+    LANGINFO(YESSTR, LC_MESSAGES),
+    LANGINFO(NOSTR, LC_MESSAGES),
     */
-    LANGINFO(CRNCYSTR),
+    LANGINFO(CRNCYSTR, LC_MONETARY),
 #endif
 
-    LANGINFO(D_T_FMT),
-    LANGINFO(D_FMT),
-    LANGINFO(T_FMT),
-    LANGINFO(AM_STR),
-    LANGINFO(PM_STR),
+    LANGINFO(D_T_FMT, LC_TIME),
+    LANGINFO(D_FMT, LC_TIME),
+    LANGINFO(T_FMT, LC_TIME),
+    LANGINFO(AM_STR, LC_TIME),
+    LANGINFO(PM_STR, LC_TIME),
 
     /* The following constants are available only with XPG4, but...
        OpenBSD doesn't have CODESET but has T_FMT_AMPM, and doesn't have
        a few of the others.
        Solution: ifdef-test them all. */
 #ifdef CODESET
-    LANGINFO(CODESET),
+    LANGINFO(CODESET, LC_CTYPE),
 #endif
 #ifdef T_FMT_AMPM
-    LANGINFO(T_FMT_AMPM),
+    LANGINFO(T_FMT_AMPM, LC_TIME),
 #endif
 #ifdef ERA
-    LANGINFO(ERA),
+    LANGINFO(ERA, LC_TIME),
 #endif
 #ifdef ERA_D_FMT
-    LANGINFO(ERA_D_FMT),
+    LANGINFO(ERA_D_FMT, LC_TIME),
 #endif
 #ifdef ERA_D_T_FMT
-    LANGINFO(ERA_D_T_FMT),
+    LANGINFO(ERA_D_T_FMT, LC_TIME),
 #endif
 #ifdef ERA_T_FMT
-    LANGINFO(ERA_T_FMT),
+    LANGINFO(ERA_T_FMT, LC_TIME),
 #endif
 #ifdef ALT_DIGITS
-    LANGINFO(ALT_DIGITS),
+    LANGINFO(ALT_DIGITS, LC_TIME),
 #endif
 #ifdef YESEXPR
-    LANGINFO(YESEXPR),
+    LANGINFO(YESEXPR, LC_MESSAGES),
 #endif
 #ifdef NOEXPR
-    LANGINFO(NOEXPR),
+    LANGINFO(NOEXPR, LC_MESSAGES),
 #endif
 #ifdef _DATE_FMT
     /* This is not available in all glibc versions that have CODESET. */
-    LANGINFO(_DATE_FMT),
+    LANGINFO(_DATE_FMT, LC_TIME),
 #endif
-    {0, 0}
+    {0, 0, 0}
 };
 
+/* Temporary make the LC_CTYPE locale to be the same as
+ * the locale of the specified category. */
+static int
+change_locale(int category, char **oldloc)
+{
+    /* Keep a copy of the LC_CTYPE locale */
+    *oldloc = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL);
+    if (!*oldloc) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "faild to get LC_CTYPE locale");
+        return -1;
+    }
+    *oldloc = _PyMem_Strdup(*oldloc);
+    if (!*oldloc) {
+        PyErr_NoMemory();
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    /* Set a new locale if it is different. */
+    char *loc = setlocale(category, NULL);
+    if (loc == NULL || strcmp(loc, *oldloc) == 0) {
+        PyMem_Free(*oldloc);
+        *oldloc = NULL;
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    setlocale(LC_CTYPE, loc);
+    return 1;
+}
+
+/* Restore the old LC_CTYPE locale. */
+static void
+restore_locale(char *oldloc)
+{
+    if (oldloc != NULL) {
+        setlocale(LC_CTYPE, oldloc);
+        PyMem_Free(oldloc);
+    }
+}
+
 /*[clinic input]
 _locale.nl_langinfo
 
@@ -602,14 +653,58 @@ _locale_nl_langinfo_impl(PyObject *module, int item)
     /* Check whether this is a supported constant. GNU libc sometimes
        returns numeric values in the char* return value, which would
        crash PyUnicode_FromString.  */
-    for (i = 0; langinfo_constants[i].name; i++)
+    for (i = 0; langinfo_constants[i].name; i++) {
         if (langinfo_constants[i].value == item) {
             /* Check NULL as a workaround for GNU libc's returning NULL
                instead of an empty string for nl_langinfo(ERA).  */
             const char *result = nl_langinfo(item);
             result = result != NULL ? result : "";
-            return PyUnicode_DecodeLocale(result, NULL);
+            char *oldloc = NULL;
+            if (langinfo_constants[i].category != LC_CTYPE
+                && !is_all_ascii(result)
+                && change_locale(langinfo_constants[i].category, &oldloc) < 0)
+            {
+                return NULL;
+            }
+            PyObject *pyresult;
+#ifdef __GLIBC__
+#ifdef ALT_DIGITS
+            if (item == ALT_DIGITS && *result) {
+                /* According to the POSIX specification the result must be
+                 * a sequence of up to 100 semicolon-separated strings.
+                 * But in Glibc they are NUL-separated. */
+                Py_ssize_t i = 0;
+                int count = 0;
+                for (; count < 100 && result[i]; count++) {
+                    i += strlen(result + i) + 1;
+                }
+                char *buf = PyMem_Malloc(i);
+                if (buf == NULL) {
+                    PyErr_NoMemory();
+                    pyresult = NULL;
+                }
+                else {
+                    memcpy(buf, result, i);
+                    /* Replace all NULs with semicolons. */
+                    i = 0;
+                    while (--count) {
+                        i += strlen(buf + i);
+                        buf[i++] = ';';
+                    }
+                    pyresult = PyUnicode_DecodeLocale(buf, NULL);
+                    PyMem_Free(buf);
+                }
+            }
+            else
+#endif
+#endif
+            {
+                pyresult = PyUnicode_DecodeLocale(result, NULL);
+            }
+            restore_locale(oldloc);
+            return pyresult;
         }
+    }
     PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "unsupported langinfo constant");
     return NULL;
 }
@@ -881,9 +976,9 @@ locale_clear(PyObject *module)
 }
 
 static void
-locale_free(PyObject *module)
+locale_free(void *module)
 {
-    locale_clear(module);
+    locale_clear((PyObject*)module);
 }
 
 static struct PyModuleDef _localemodule = {
@@ -895,7 +990,7 @@ static struct PyModuleDef _localemodule = {
     _locale_slots,
     locale_traverse,
     locale_clear,
-    (freefunc)locale_free,
+    locale_free,
 };
 
 PyMODINIT_FUNC
diff --git a/Modules/_lsprof.c b/Modules/_lsprof.c
index 5cf9eba243bd20..8b6906234bdc25 100644
--- a/Modules/_lsprof.c
+++ b/Modules/_lsprof.c
@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ typedef struct {
 #define POF_ENABLED     0x001
 #define POF_SUBCALLS    0x002
 #define POF_BUILTINS    0x004
+#define POF_EXT_TIMER   0x008
 #define POF_NOMEMORY    0x100
 
 /*[clinic input]
@@ -87,7 +88,14 @@ _lsprof_get_state(PyObject *module)
 
 static PyTime_t CallExternalTimer(ProfilerObject *pObj)
 {
-    PyObject *o = _PyObject_CallNoArgs(pObj->externalTimer);
+    PyObject *o = NULL;
+
+    // External timer can do arbitrary things so we need a flag to prevent
+    // horrible things to happen
+    pObj->flags |= POF_EXT_TIMER;
+    o = _PyObject_CallNoArgs(pObj->externalTimer);
+    pObj->flags &= ~POF_EXT_TIMER;
+
     if (o == NULL) {
         PyErr_WriteUnraisable(pObj->externalTimer);
         return 0;
@@ -777,6 +785,11 @@ Stop collecting profiling information.\n\
 static PyObject*
 profiler_disable(ProfilerObject *self, PyObject* noarg)
 {
+    if (self->flags & POF_EXT_TIMER) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError,
+                        "cannot disable profiler in external timer");
+        return NULL;
+    }
     if (self->flags & POF_ENABLED) {
         PyObject* result = NULL;
         PyObject* monitoring = _PyImport_GetModuleAttrString("sys", "monitoring");
@@ -830,6 +843,11 @@ Clear all profiling information collected so far.\n\
 static PyObject*
 profiler_clear(ProfilerObject *pObj, PyObject* noarg)
 {
+    if (pObj->flags & POF_EXT_TIMER) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError,
+                        "cannot clear profiler in external timer");
+        return NULL;
+    }
     clearEntries(pObj);
     Py_RETURN_NONE;
 }
@@ -838,6 +856,7 @@ static int
 profiler_traverse(ProfilerObject *op, visitproc visit, void *arg)
 {
     Py_VISIT(Py_TYPE(op));
+    Py_VISIT(op->externalTimer);
     return 0;
 }
 
diff --git a/Modules/_opcode.c b/Modules/_opcode.c
index cc72cb170ceaed..dc93063aee7e54 100644
--- a/Modules/_opcode.c
+++ b/Modules/_opcode.c
@@ -5,9 +5,13 @@
 #include "Python.h"
 #include "compile.h"
 #include "opcode.h"
-#include "internal/pycore_code.h"
-#include "internal/pycore_compile.h"
-#include "internal/pycore_intrinsics.h"
+#include "pycore_ceval.h"
+#include "pycore_code.h"
+#include "pycore_compile.h"
+#include "pycore_intrinsics.h"
+#include "pycore_optimizer.h"     // _Py_GetExecutor()
+#include "pycore_opcode_metadata.h" // IS_VALID_OPCODE, OPCODE_HAS_*, etc
+#include "pycore_opcode_utils.h"
 
 /*[clinic input]
 module _opcode
@@ -79,7 +83,7 @@ static int
 _opcode_is_valid_impl(PyObject *module, int opcode)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=b0d918ea1d073f65 input=fe23e0aa194ddae0]*/
 {
-    return _PyCompile_OpcodeIsValid(opcode);
+    return IS_VALID_OPCODE(opcode);
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
@@ -95,8 +99,7 @@ static int
 _opcode_has_arg_impl(PyObject *module, int opcode)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=7a062d3b2dcc0815 input=93d878ba6361db5f]*/
 {
-    return _PyCompile_OpcodeIsValid(opcode) &&
-           _PyCompile_OpcodeHasArg(opcode);
+    return IS_VALID_OPCODE(opcode) && OPCODE_HAS_ARG(opcode);
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
@@ -112,8 +115,7 @@ static int
 _opcode_has_const_impl(PyObject *module, int opcode)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=c646d5027c634120 input=a6999e4cf13f9410]*/
 {
-    return _PyCompile_OpcodeIsValid(opcode) &&
-           _PyCompile_OpcodeHasConst(opcode);
+    return IS_VALID_OPCODE(opcode) && OPCODE_HAS_CONST(opcode);
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
@@ -129,8 +131,7 @@ static int
 _opcode_has_name_impl(PyObject *module, int opcode)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=b49a83555c2fa517 input=448aa5e4bcc947ba]*/
 {
-    return _PyCompile_OpcodeIsValid(opcode) &&
-           _PyCompile_OpcodeHasName(opcode);
+    return IS_VALID_OPCODE(opcode) && OPCODE_HAS_NAME(opcode);
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
@@ -146,9 +147,7 @@ static int
 _opcode_has_jump_impl(PyObject *module, int opcode)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=e9c583c669f1c46a input=35f711274357a0c3]*/
 {
-    return _PyCompile_OpcodeIsValid(opcode) &&
-           _PyCompile_OpcodeHasJump(opcode);
-
+    return IS_VALID_OPCODE(opcode) && OPCODE_HAS_JUMP(opcode);
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
@@ -169,9 +168,7 @@ static int
 _opcode_has_free_impl(PyObject *module, int opcode)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=d81ae4d79af0ee26 input=117dcd5c19c1139b]*/
 {
-    return _PyCompile_OpcodeIsValid(opcode) &&
-           _PyCompile_OpcodeHasFree(opcode);
-
+    return IS_VALID_OPCODE(opcode) && OPCODE_HAS_FREE(opcode);
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
@@ -187,8 +184,7 @@ static int
 _opcode_has_local_impl(PyObject *module, int opcode)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=da5a8616b7a5097b input=9a798ee24aaef49d]*/
 {
-    return _PyCompile_OpcodeIsValid(opcode) &&
-           _PyCompile_OpcodeHasLocal(opcode);
+    return IS_VALID_OPCODE(opcode) && OPCODE_HAS_LOCAL(opcode);
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
@@ -204,8 +200,7 @@ static int
 _opcode_has_exc_impl(PyObject *module, int opcode)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=41b68dff0ec82a52 input=db0e4bdb9bf13fa5]*/
 {
-    return _PyCompile_OpcodeIsValid(opcode) &&
-           _PyCompile_OpcodeHasExc(opcode);
+    return IS_VALID_OPCODE(opcode) && IS_BLOCK_PUSH_OPCODE(opcode);
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
@@ -349,6 +344,32 @@ _opcode_get_intrinsic2_descs_impl(PyObject *module)
 
 /*[clinic input]
 
+_opcode.get_special_method_names
+
+Return a list of special method names.
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+
+static PyObject *
+_opcode_get_special_method_names_impl(PyObject *module)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=fce72614cd988d17 input=25f2115560bdf163]*/
+{
+    PyObject *list = PyList_New(SPECIAL_MAX + 1);
+    if (list == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    for (int i=0; i <= SPECIAL_MAX; i++) {
+        PyObject *name = _Py_SpecialMethods[i].name;
+        if (name == NULL) {
+            Py_DECREF(list);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        PyList_SET_ITEM(list, i, name);
+    }
+    return list;
+}
+
+/*[clinic input]
+
 _opcode.get_executor
 
   code: object
@@ -368,7 +389,7 @@ _opcode_get_executor_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *code, int offset)
         return NULL;
     }
 #ifdef _Py_TIER2
-    return (PyObject *)PyUnstable_GetExecutor((PyCodeObject *)code, offset);
+    return (PyObject *)_Py_GetExecutor((PyCodeObject *)code, offset);
 #else
     PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeError,
                  "Executors are not available in this build");
@@ -392,10 +413,11 @@ opcode_functions[] =  {
     _OPCODE_GET_INTRINSIC1_DESCS_METHODDEF
     _OPCODE_GET_INTRINSIC2_DESCS_METHODDEF
     _OPCODE_GET_EXECUTOR_METHODDEF
+    _OPCODE_GET_SPECIAL_METHOD_NAMES_METHODDEF
     {NULL, NULL, 0, NULL}
 };
 
-int
+static int
 _opcode_exec(PyObject *m) {
     if (PyModule_AddIntMacro(m, ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION) < 0) {
         return -1;
diff --git a/Modules/_operator.c b/Modules/_operator.c
index 5d3f88327d19ad..7e0d1f3df87e4d 100644
--- a/Modules/_operator.c
+++ b/Modules/_operator.c
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 #include "pycore_modsupport.h"    // _PyArg_NoKwnames()
 #include "pycore_moduleobject.h"  // _PyModule_GetState()
 #include "pycore_runtime.h"       // _Py_ID()
+#include "pycore_pystate.h"       // _PyInterpreterState_GET()
 
 
 #include "clinic/_operator.c.h"
@@ -727,6 +728,34 @@ _operator_is_not_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *a, PyObject *b)
     return Py_NewRef(result);
 }
 
+/*[clinic input]
+_operator.is_none = _operator.neg
+
+Same as a is None.
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+
+static PyObject *
+_operator_is_none(PyObject *module, PyObject *a)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=07159cc102261dec input=0448b38af7b8533d]*/
+{
+    PyObject *result = Py_IsNone(a) ? Py_True : Py_False;
+    return Py_NewRef(result);
+}
+
+/*[clinic input]
+_operator.is_not_none = _operator.neg
+
+Same as a is not None.
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+
+static PyObject *
+_operator_is_not_none(PyObject *module, PyObject *a)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=b0168a51451d9140 input=7587f38ebac51688]*/
+{
+    PyObject *result = Py_IsNone(a) ? Py_False : Py_True;
+    return Py_NewRef(result);
+}
+
 /* compare_digest **********************************************************/
 
 /*
@@ -915,6 +944,8 @@ static struct PyMethodDef operator_methods[] = {
     _OPERATOR_COUNTOF_METHODDEF
     _OPERATOR_IS__METHODDEF
     _OPERATOR_IS_NOT_METHODDEF
+    _OPERATOR_IS_NONE_METHODDEF
+    _OPERATOR_IS_NOT_NONE_METHODDEF
     _OPERATOR_INDEX_METHODDEF
     _OPERATOR_ADD_METHODDEF
     _OPERATOR_SUB_METHODDEF
@@ -1236,6 +1267,7 @@ attrgetter_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
         return NULL;
 
     /* prepare attr while checking args */
+    PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
     for (idx = 0; idx < nattrs; ++idx) {
         PyObject *item = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args, idx);
         int dot_count;
@@ -1259,7 +1291,7 @@ attrgetter_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
 
         if (dot_count == 0) {
             Py_INCREF(item);
-            PyUnicode_InternInPlace(&item);
+            _PyUnicode_InternMortal(interp, &item);
             PyTuple_SET_ITEM(attr, idx, item);
         } else { /* make it a tuple of non-dotted attrnames */
             PyObject *attr_chain = PyTuple_New(dot_count + 1);
@@ -1285,7 +1317,7 @@ attrgetter_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
                     Py_DECREF(attr);
                     return NULL;
                 }
-                PyUnicode_InternInPlace(&attr_chain_item);
+                _PyUnicode_InternMortal(interp, &attr_chain_item);
                 PyTuple_SET_ITEM(attr_chain, attr_chain_idx, attr_chain_item);
                 ++attr_chain_idx;
                 unibuff_till = unibuff_from = unibuff_till + 1;
@@ -1299,7 +1331,7 @@ attrgetter_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
                 Py_DECREF(attr);
                 return NULL;
             }
-            PyUnicode_InternInPlace(&attr_chain_item);
+            _PyUnicode_InternMortal(interp, &attr_chain_item);
             PyTuple_SET_ITEM(attr_chain, attr_chain_idx, attr_chain_item);
 
             PyTuple_SET_ITEM(attr, idx, attr_chain);
@@ -1662,7 +1694,8 @@ methodcaller_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
     }
 
     Py_INCREF(name);
-    PyUnicode_InternInPlace(&name);
+    PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
+    _PyUnicode_InternMortal(interp, &name);
     mc->name = name;
 
     mc->xargs = Py_XNewRef(args); // allows us to use borrowed references
diff --git a/Modules/_pickle.c b/Modules/_pickle.c
index 754a326822e0f0..b2bd9545c1b130 100644
--- a/Modules/_pickle.c
+++ b/Modules/_pickle.c
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 #include "pycore_long.h"              // _PyLong_AsByteArray()
 #include "pycore_moduleobject.h"      // _PyModule_GetState()
 #include "pycore_object.h"            // _PyNone_Type
+#include "pycore_pyerrors.h"          // _PyErr_FormatNote
 #include "pycore_pystate.h"           // _PyThreadState_GET()
 #include "pycore_runtime.h"           // _Py_ID()
 #include "pycore_setobject.h"         // _PySet_NextEntry()
@@ -40,7 +41,7 @@ class _pickle.UnpicklerMemoProxy "UnpicklerMemoProxyObject *" ""
    already includes it. */
 enum {
     HIGHEST_PROTOCOL = 5,
-    DEFAULT_PROTOCOL = 4
+    DEFAULT_PROTOCOL = 5
 };
 
 #ifdef MS_WINDOWS
@@ -1803,80 +1804,53 @@ memo_put(PickleState *st, PicklerObject *self, PyObject *obj)
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-get_dotted_path(PyObject *obj, PyObject *name)
+get_dotted_path(PyObject *name)
+{
+    return PyUnicode_Split(name, _Py_LATIN1_CHR('.'), -1);
+}
+
+static int
+check_dotted_path(PickleState *st, PyObject *obj, PyObject *dotted_path)
 {
-    PyObject *dotted_path;
     Py_ssize_t i, n;
-    _Py_DECLARE_STR(dot, ".");
-    dotted_path = PyUnicode_Split(name, &_Py_STR(dot), -1);
-    if (dotted_path == NULL)
-        return NULL;
     n = PyList_GET_SIZE(dotted_path);
     assert(n >= 1);
     for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
         PyObject *subpath = PyList_GET_ITEM(dotted_path, i);
         if (_PyUnicode_EqualToASCIIString(subpath, "<locals>")) {
-            if (obj == NULL)
-                PyErr_Format(PyExc_AttributeError,
-                             "Can't pickle local object %R", name);
-            else
-                PyErr_Format(PyExc_AttributeError,
-                             "Can't pickle local attribute %R on %R", name, obj);
-            Py_DECREF(dotted_path);
-            return NULL;
+            PyErr_Format(st->PicklingError,
+                         "Can't pickle local object %R", obj);
+            return -1;
         }
     }
-    return dotted_path;
+    return 0;
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-get_deep_attribute(PyObject *obj, PyObject *names, PyObject **pparent)
+getattribute(PyObject *obj, PyObject *names, int raises)
 {
     Py_ssize_t i, n;
-    PyObject *parent = NULL;
 
     assert(PyList_CheckExact(names));
     Py_INCREF(obj);
     n = PyList_GET_SIZE(names);
     for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
         PyObject *name = PyList_GET_ITEM(names, i);
-        Py_XSETREF(parent, obj);
-        (void)PyObject_GetOptionalAttr(parent, name, &obj);
+        PyObject *parent = obj;
+        if (raises) {
+            obj = PyObject_GetAttr(parent, name);
+        }
+        else {
+            (void)PyObject_GetOptionalAttr(parent, name, &obj);
+        }
+        Py_DECREF(parent);
         if (obj == NULL) {
-            Py_DECREF(parent);
             return NULL;
         }
     }
-    if (pparent != NULL)
-        *pparent = parent;
-    else
-        Py_XDECREF(parent);
     return obj;
 }
 
-
-static PyObject *
-getattribute(PyObject *obj, PyObject *name, int allow_qualname)
-{
-    PyObject *dotted_path, *attr;
-
-    if (allow_qualname) {
-        dotted_path = get_dotted_path(obj, name);
-        if (dotted_path == NULL)
-            return NULL;
-        attr = get_deep_attribute(obj, dotted_path, NULL);
-        Py_DECREF(dotted_path);
-    }
-    else {
-        (void)PyObject_GetOptionalAttr(obj, name, &attr);
-    }
-    if (attr == NULL && !PyErr_Occurred()) {
-        PyErr_Format(PyExc_AttributeError,
-                     "Can't get attribute %R on %R", name, obj);
-    }
-    return attr;
-}
-
 static int
 _checkmodule(PyObject *module_name, PyObject *module,
              PyObject *global, PyObject *dotted_path)
@@ -1889,7 +1863,7 @@ _checkmodule(PyObject *module_name, PyObject *module,
         return -1;
     }
 
-    PyObject *candidate = get_deep_attribute(module, dotted_path, NULL);
+    PyObject *candidate = getattribute(module, dotted_path, 0);
     if (candidate == NULL) {
         return -1;
     }
@@ -1902,73 +1876,125 @@ _checkmodule(PyObject *module_name, PyObject *module,
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-whichmodule(PyObject *global, PyObject *dotted_path)
+whichmodule(PickleState *st, PyObject *global, PyObject *global_name, PyObject *dotted_path)
 {
     PyObject *module_name;
     PyObject *module = NULL;
     Py_ssize_t i;
     PyObject *modules;
 
+    if (check_dotted_path(st, global, dotted_path) < 0) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
     if (PyObject_GetOptionalAttr(global, &_Py_ID(__module__), &module_name) < 0) {
         return NULL;
     }
-    if (module_name) {
+    if (module_name == NULL || module_name == Py_None) {
         /* In some rare cases (e.g., bound methods of extension types),
            __module__ can be None. If it is so, then search sys.modules for
            the module of global. */
-        if (module_name != Py_None)
-            return module_name;
         Py_CLEAR(module_name);
-    }
-    assert(module_name == NULL);
-
-    /* Fallback on walking sys.modules */
-    PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
-    modules = _PySys_GetAttr(tstate, &_Py_ID(modules));
-    if (modules == NULL) {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "unable to get sys.modules");
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    if (PyDict_CheckExact(modules)) {
-        i = 0;
-        while (PyDict_Next(modules, &i, &module_name, &module)) {
-            if (_checkmodule(module_name, module, global, dotted_path) == 0) {
-                return Py_NewRef(module_name);
-            }
-            if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
-                return NULL;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    else {
-        PyObject *iterator = PyObject_GetIter(modules);
-        if (iterator == NULL) {
+        PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
+        modules = _PySys_GetAttr(tstate, &_Py_ID(modules));
+        if (modules == NULL) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "unable to get sys.modules");
             return NULL;
         }
-        while ((module_name = PyIter_Next(iterator))) {
-            module = PyObject_GetItem(modules, module_name);
-            if (module == NULL) {
+        if (PyDict_CheckExact(modules)) {
+            i = 0;
+            while (PyDict_Next(modules, &i, &module_name, &module)) {
+                Py_INCREF(module_name);
+                Py_INCREF(module);
+                if (_checkmodule(module_name, module, global, dotted_path) == 0) {
+                    Py_DECREF(module);
+                    return module_name;
+                }
+                Py_DECREF(module);
                 Py_DECREF(module_name);
-                Py_DECREF(iterator);
+                if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
+                    return NULL;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            PyObject *iterator = PyObject_GetIter(modules);
+            if (iterator == NULL) {
                 return NULL;
             }
-            if (_checkmodule(module_name, module, global, dotted_path) == 0) {
+            while ((module_name = PyIter_Next(iterator))) {
+                module = PyObject_GetItem(modules, module_name);
+                if (module == NULL) {
+                    Py_DECREF(module_name);
+                    Py_DECREF(iterator);
+                    return NULL;
+                }
+                if (_checkmodule(module_name, module, global, dotted_path) == 0) {
+                    Py_DECREF(module);
+                    Py_DECREF(iterator);
+                    return module_name;
+                }
                 Py_DECREF(module);
-                Py_DECREF(iterator);
-                return module_name;
-            }
-            Py_DECREF(module);
-            Py_DECREF(module_name);
-            if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
-                Py_DECREF(iterator);
-                return NULL;
+                Py_DECREF(module_name);
+                if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
+                    Py_DECREF(iterator);
+                    return NULL;
+                }
             }
+            Py_DECREF(iterator);
         }
-        Py_DECREF(iterator);
+        if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
+            return NULL;
+        }
+
+        /* If no module is found, use __main__. */
+        module_name = Py_NewRef(&_Py_ID(__main__));
     }
 
-    /* If no module is found, use __main__. */
-    return &_Py_ID(__main__);
+    /* XXX: Change to use the import C API directly with level=0 to disallow
+       relative imports.
+
+       XXX: PyImport_ImportModuleLevel could be used. However, this bypasses
+       builtins.__import__. Therefore, _pickle, unlike pickle.py, will ignore
+       custom import functions (IMHO, this would be a nice security
+       feature). The import C API would need to be extended to support the
+       extra parameters of __import__ to fix that. */
+    module = PyImport_Import(module_name);
+    if (module == NULL) {
+        if (PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_ImportError) ||
+            PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_ValueError))
+        {
+            PyObject *exc = PyErr_GetRaisedException();
+            PyErr_Format(st->PicklingError,
+                         "Can't pickle %R: %S", global, exc);
+            _PyErr_ChainExceptions1(exc);
+        }
+        Py_DECREF(module_name);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    PyObject *actual = getattribute(module, dotted_path, 1);
+    Py_DECREF(module);
+    if (actual == NULL) {
+        assert(PyErr_Occurred());
+        if (PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_AttributeError)) {
+            PyObject *exc = PyErr_GetRaisedException();
+            PyErr_Format(st->PicklingError,
+                         "Can't pickle %R: it's not found as %S.%S",
+                         global, module_name, global_name);
+            _PyErr_ChainExceptions1(exc);
+        }
+        Py_DECREF(module_name);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if (actual != global) {
+        Py_DECREF(actual);
+        PyErr_Format(st->PicklingError,
+                     "Can't pickle %R: it's not the same object as %S.%S",
+                     global, module_name, global_name);
+        Py_DECREF(module_name);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    Py_DECREF(actual);
+    return module_name;
 }
 
 /* fast_save_enter() and fast_save_leave() are guards against recursive
@@ -2120,7 +2146,7 @@ save_long(PicklerObject *self, PyObject *obj)
 
     if (self->proto >= 2) {
         /* Linear-time pickling. */
-        size_t nbits;
+        int64_t nbits;
         size_t nbytes;
         unsigned char *pdata;
         char header[5];
@@ -2135,8 +2161,8 @@ save_long(PicklerObject *self, PyObject *obj)
             return 0;
         }
         nbits = _PyLong_NumBits(obj);
-        if (nbits == (size_t)-1 && PyErr_Occurred())
-            goto error;
+        assert(nbits >= 0);
+        assert(!PyErr_Occurred());
         /* How many bytes do we need?  There are nbits >> 3 full
          * bytes of data, and nbits & 7 leftover bits.  If there
          * are any leftover bits, then we clearly need another
@@ -2151,7 +2177,7 @@ save_long(PicklerObject *self, PyObject *obj)
          * for in advance, though, so we always grab an extra
          * byte at the start, and cut it back later if possible.
          */
-        nbytes = (nbits >> 3) + 1;
+        nbytes = (size_t)((nbits >> 3) + 1);
         if (nbytes > 0x7fffffffL) {
             PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
                             "int too large to pickle");
@@ -2508,7 +2534,7 @@ save_picklebuffer(PickleState *st, PicklerObject *self, PyObject *obj)
 {
     if (self->proto < 5) {
         PyErr_SetString(st->PicklingError,
-                        "PickleBuffer can only pickled with protocol >= 5");
+                        "PickleBuffer can only be pickled with protocol >= 5");
         return -1;
     }
     const Py_buffer* view = PyPickleBuffer_GetBuffer(obj);
@@ -2739,8 +2765,10 @@ store_tuple_elements(PickleState *state, PicklerObject *self, PyObject *t,
 
         if (element == NULL)
             return -1;
-        if (save(state, self, element, 0) < 0)
+        if (save(state, self, element, 0) < 0) {
+            _PyErr_FormatNote("when serializing %T item %zd", t, i);
             return -1;
+        }
     }
 
     return 0;
@@ -2859,11 +2887,12 @@ save_tuple(PickleState *state, PicklerObject *self, PyObject *obj)
  * Returns 0 on success, <0 on error.
  */
 static int
-batch_list(PickleState *state, PicklerObject *self, PyObject *iter)
+batch_list(PickleState *state, PicklerObject *self, PyObject *iter, PyObject *origobj)
 {
     PyObject *obj = NULL;
     PyObject *firstitem = NULL;
     int i, n;
+    Py_ssize_t total = 0;
 
     const char mark_op = MARK;
     const char append_op = APPEND;
@@ -2878,7 +2907,7 @@ batch_list(PickleState *state, PicklerObject *self, PyObject *iter)
 
     if (self->proto == 0) {
         /* APPENDS isn't available; do one at a time. */
-        for (;;) {
+        for (;; total++) {
             obj = PyIter_Next(iter);
             if (obj == NULL) {
                 if (PyErr_Occurred())
@@ -2887,8 +2916,10 @@ batch_list(PickleState *state, PicklerObject *self, PyObject *iter)
             }
             i = save(state, self, obj, 0);
             Py_DECREF(obj);
-            if (i < 0)
+            if (i < 0) {
+                _PyErr_FormatNote("when serializing %T item %zd", origobj, total);
                 return -1;
+            }
             if (_Pickler_Write(self, &append_op, 1) < 0)
                 return -1;
         }
@@ -2914,8 +2945,10 @@ batch_list(PickleState *state, PicklerObject *self, PyObject *iter)
                 goto error;
 
             /* Only one item to write */
-            if (save(state, self, firstitem, 0) < 0)
+            if (save(state, self, firstitem, 0) < 0) {
+                _PyErr_FormatNote("when serializing %T item %zd", origobj, total);
                 goto error;
+            }
             if (_Pickler_Write(self, &append_op, 1) < 0)
                 goto error;
             Py_CLEAR(firstitem);
@@ -2928,16 +2961,22 @@ batch_list(PickleState *state, PicklerObject *self, PyObject *iter)
         if (_Pickler_Write(self, &mark_op, 1) < 0)
             goto error;
 
-        if (save(state, self, firstitem, 0) < 0)
+        if (save(state, self, firstitem, 0) < 0) {
+            _PyErr_FormatNote("when serializing %T item %zd", origobj, total);
             goto error;
+        }
         Py_CLEAR(firstitem);
+        total++;
         n = 1;
 
         /* Fetch and save up to BATCHSIZE items */
         while (obj) {
-            if (save(state, self, obj, 0) < 0)
+            if (save(state, self, obj, 0) < 0) {
+                _PyErr_FormatNote("when serializing %T item %zd", origobj, total);
                 goto error;
+            }
             Py_CLEAR(obj);
+            total++;
             n += 1;
 
             if (n == BATCHSIZE)
@@ -2993,8 +3032,10 @@ batch_list_exact(PickleState *state, PicklerObject *self, PyObject *obj)
         Py_INCREF(item);
         int err = save(state, self, item, 0);
         Py_DECREF(item);
-        if (err < 0)
+        if (err < 0) {
+            _PyErr_FormatNote("when serializing %T item 0", obj);
             return -1;
+        }
         if (_Pickler_Write(self, &append_op, 1) < 0)
             return -1;
         return 0;
@@ -3011,8 +3052,10 @@ batch_list_exact(PickleState *state, PicklerObject *self, PyObject *obj)
             Py_INCREF(item);
             int err = save(state, self, item, 0);
             Py_DECREF(item);
-            if (err < 0)
+            if (err < 0) {
+                _PyErr_FormatNote("when serializing %T item %zd", obj, total);
                 return -1;
+            }
             total++;
             if (++this_batch == BATCHSIZE)
                 break;
@@ -3072,7 +3115,7 @@ save_list(PickleState *state, PicklerObject *self, PyObject *obj)
                 Py_DECREF(iter);
                 goto error;
             }
-            status = batch_list(state, self, iter);
+            status = batch_list(state, self, iter, obj);
             _Py_LeaveRecursiveCall();
             Py_DECREF(iter);
         }
@@ -3100,7 +3143,7 @@ save_list(PickleState *state, PicklerObject *self, PyObject *obj)
  * ugly to bear.
  */
 static int
-batch_dict(PickleState *state, PicklerObject *self, PyObject *iter)
+batch_dict(PickleState *state, PicklerObject *self, PyObject *iter, PyObject *origobj)
 {
     PyObject *obj = NULL;
     PyObject *firstitem = NULL;
@@ -3124,11 +3167,17 @@ batch_dict(PickleState *state, PicklerObject *self, PyObject *iter)
             if (!PyTuple_Check(obj) || PyTuple_Size(obj) != 2) {
                 PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "dict items "
                                 "iterator must return 2-tuples");
+                Py_DECREF(obj);
                 return -1;
             }
             i = save(state, self, PyTuple_GET_ITEM(obj, 0), 0);
-            if (i >= 0)
+            if (i >= 0) {
                 i = save(state, self, PyTuple_GET_ITEM(obj, 1), 0);
+                if (i < 0) {
+                    _PyErr_FormatNote("when serializing %T item %R",
+                                      origobj, PyTuple_GET_ITEM(obj, 0));
+                }
+            }
             Py_DECREF(obj);
             if (i < 0)
                 return -1;
@@ -3164,8 +3213,11 @@ batch_dict(PickleState *state, PicklerObject *self, PyObject *iter)
             /* Only one item to write */
             if (save(state, self, PyTuple_GET_ITEM(firstitem, 0), 0) < 0)
                 goto error;
-            if (save(state, self, PyTuple_GET_ITEM(firstitem, 1), 0) < 0)
+            if (save(state, self, PyTuple_GET_ITEM(firstitem, 1), 0) < 0) {
+                _PyErr_FormatNote("when serializing %T item %R",
+                                  origobj, PyTuple_GET_ITEM(firstitem, 0));
                 goto error;
+            }
             if (_Pickler_Write(self, &setitem_op, 1) < 0)
                 goto error;
             Py_CLEAR(firstitem);
@@ -3180,8 +3232,11 @@ batch_dict(PickleState *state, PicklerObject *self, PyObject *iter)
 
         if (save(state, self, PyTuple_GET_ITEM(firstitem, 0), 0) < 0)
             goto error;
-        if (save(state, self, PyTuple_GET_ITEM(firstitem, 1), 0) < 0)
+        if (save(state, self, PyTuple_GET_ITEM(firstitem, 1), 0) < 0) {
+            _PyErr_FormatNote("when serializing %T item %R",
+                              origobj, PyTuple_GET_ITEM(firstitem, 0));
             goto error;
+        }
         Py_CLEAR(firstitem);
         n = 1;
 
@@ -3192,9 +3247,13 @@ batch_dict(PickleState *state, PicklerObject *self, PyObject *iter)
                     "iterator must return 2-tuples");
                 goto error;
             }
-            if (save(state, self, PyTuple_GET_ITEM(obj, 0), 0) < 0 ||
-                save(state, self, PyTuple_GET_ITEM(obj, 1), 0) < 0)
+            if (save(state, self, PyTuple_GET_ITEM(obj, 0), 0) < 0)
                 goto error;
+            if (save(state, self, PyTuple_GET_ITEM(obj, 1), 0) < 0) {
+                _PyErr_FormatNote("when serializing %T item %R",
+                                  origobj, PyTuple_GET_ITEM(obj, 0));
+                goto error;
+            }
             Py_CLEAR(obj);
             n += 1;
 
@@ -3255,6 +3314,7 @@ batch_dict_exact(PickleState *state, PicklerObject *self, PyObject *obj)
             goto error;
         }
         if (save(state, self, value, 0) < 0) {
+            _PyErr_FormatNote("when serializing %T item %R", obj, key);
             goto error;
         }
         Py_CLEAR(key);
@@ -3276,6 +3336,7 @@ batch_dict_exact(PickleState *state, PicklerObject *self, PyObject *obj)
                 goto error;
             }
             if (save(state, self, value, 0) < 0) {
+                _PyErr_FormatNote("when serializing %T item %R", obj, key);
                 goto error;
             }
             Py_CLEAR(key);
@@ -3350,7 +3411,7 @@ save_dict(PickleState *state, PicklerObject *self, PyObject *obj)
                 Py_DECREF(iter);
                 goto error;
             }
-            status = batch_dict(state, self, iter);
+            status = batch_dict(state, self, iter, obj);
             _Py_LeaveRecursiveCall();
             Py_DECREF(iter);
         }
@@ -3420,8 +3481,10 @@ save_set(PickleState *state, PicklerObject *self, PyObject *obj)
         while (_PySet_NextEntryRef(obj, &ppos, &item, &hash)) {
             err = save(state, self, item, 0);
             Py_CLEAR(item);
-            if (err < 0)
+            if (err < 0) {
+                _PyErr_FormatNote("when serializing %T element", obj);
                 break;
+            }
             if (++i == BATCHSIZE)
                 break;
         }
@@ -3493,6 +3556,7 @@ save_frozenset(PickleState *state, PicklerObject *self, PyObject *obj)
             break;
         }
         if (save(state, self, item, 0) < 0) {
+            _PyErr_FormatNote("when serializing %T element", obj);
             Py_DECREF(item);
             Py_DECREF(iter);
             return -1;
@@ -3590,11 +3654,7 @@ save_global(PickleState *st, PicklerObject *self, PyObject *obj,
 {
     PyObject *global_name = NULL;
     PyObject *module_name = NULL;
-    PyObject *module = NULL;
-    PyObject *parent = NULL;
     PyObject *dotted_path = NULL;
-    PyObject *lastname = NULL;
-    PyObject *cls;
     int status = 0;
 
     const char global_op = GLOBAL;
@@ -3612,47 +3672,13 @@ save_global(PickleState *st, PicklerObject *self, PyObject *obj,
         }
     }
 
-    dotted_path = get_dotted_path(module, global_name);
+    dotted_path = get_dotted_path(global_name);
     if (dotted_path == NULL)
         goto error;
-    module_name = whichmodule(obj, dotted_path);
+    module_name = whichmodule(st, obj, global_name, dotted_path);
     if (module_name == NULL)
         goto error;
 
-    /* XXX: Change to use the import C API directly with level=0 to disallow
-       relative imports.
-
-       XXX: PyImport_ImportModuleLevel could be used. However, this bypasses
-       builtins.__import__. Therefore, _pickle, unlike pickle.py, will ignore
-       custom import functions (IMHO, this would be a nice security
-       feature). The import C API would need to be extended to support the
-       extra parameters of __import__ to fix that. */
-    module = PyImport_Import(module_name);
-    if (module == NULL) {
-        PyErr_Format(st->PicklingError,
-                     "Can't pickle %R: import of module %R failed",
-                     obj, module_name);
-        goto error;
-    }
-    lastname = Py_NewRef(PyList_GET_ITEM(dotted_path,
-                         PyList_GET_SIZE(dotted_path) - 1));
-    cls = get_deep_attribute(module, dotted_path, &parent);
-    Py_CLEAR(dotted_path);
-    if (cls == NULL) {
-        PyErr_Format(st->PicklingError,
-                     "Can't pickle %R: attribute lookup %S on %S failed",
-                     obj, global_name, module_name);
-        goto error;
-    }
-    if (cls != obj) {
-        Py_DECREF(cls);
-        PyErr_Format(st->PicklingError,
-                     "Can't pickle %R: it's not the same object as %S.%S",
-                     obj, module_name, global_name);
-        goto error;
-    }
-    Py_DECREF(cls);
-
     if (self->proto >= 2) {
         /* See whether this is in the extension registry, and if
          * so generate an EXT opcode.
@@ -3667,34 +3693,24 @@ save_global(PickleState *st, PicklerObject *self, PyObject *obj,
         if (extension_key == NULL) {
             goto error;
         }
-        code_obj = PyDict_GetItemWithError(st->extension_registry,
-                                           extension_key);
+        if (PyDict_GetItemRef(st->extension_registry, extension_key, &code_obj) < 0) {
+            Py_DECREF(extension_key);
+            goto error;
+        }
         Py_DECREF(extension_key);
-        /* The object is not registered in the extension registry.
-           This is the most likely code path. */
         if (code_obj == NULL) {
-            if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
-                goto error;
-            }
+            /* The object is not registered in the extension registry.
+               This is the most likely code path. */
             goto gen_global;
         }
 
-        /* XXX: pickle.py doesn't check neither the type, nor the range
-           of the value returned by the extension_registry. It should for
-           consistency. */
-
-        /* Verify code_obj has the right type and value. */
-        if (!PyLong_Check(code_obj)) {
-            PyErr_Format(st->PicklingError,
-                         "Can't pickle %R: extension code %R isn't an integer",
-                         obj, code_obj);
-            goto error;
-        }
-        code = PyLong_AS_LONG(code_obj);
+        code = PyLong_AsLong(code_obj);
+        Py_DECREF(code_obj);
         if (code <= 0 || code > 0x7fffffffL) {
+            /* Should never happen in normal circumstances, since the type and
+               the value of the code are checked in copyreg.add_extension(). */
             if (!PyErr_Occurred())
-                PyErr_Format(st->PicklingError, "Can't pickle %R: extension "
-                             "code %ld is out of range", obj, code);
+                PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeError, "extension code %ld is out of range", code);
             goto error;
         }
 
@@ -3724,9 +3740,6 @@ save_global(PickleState *st, PicklerObject *self, PyObject *obj,
     }
     else {
   gen_global:
-        if (parent == module) {
-            Py_SETREF(global_name, Py_NewRef(lastname));
-        }
         if (self->proto >= 4) {
             const char stack_global_op = STACK_GLOBAL;
 
@@ -3738,20 +3751,30 @@ save_global(PickleState *st, PicklerObject *self, PyObject *obj,
             if (_Pickler_Write(self, &stack_global_op, 1) < 0)
                 goto error;
         }
-        else if (parent != module) {
-            PyObject *reduce_value = Py_BuildValue("(O(OO))",
-                                        st->getattr, parent, lastname);
-            if (reduce_value == NULL)
-                goto error;
-            status = save_reduce(st, self, reduce_value, NULL);
-            Py_DECREF(reduce_value);
-            if (status < 0)
-                goto error;
-        }
         else {
             /* Generate a normal global opcode if we are using a pickle
                protocol < 4, or if the object is not registered in the
-               extension registry. */
+               extension registry.
+
+               Objects with multi-part __qualname__ are represented as
+               getattr(getattr(..., attrname1), attrname2). */
+            const char mark_op = MARK;
+            const char tupletwo_op = (self->proto < 2) ? TUPLE : TUPLE2;
+            const char reduce_op = REDUCE;
+            Py_ssize_t i;
+            if (dotted_path) {
+                if (PyList_GET_SIZE(dotted_path) > 1) {
+                    Py_SETREF(global_name, Py_NewRef(PyList_GET_ITEM(dotted_path, 0)));
+                }
+                for (i = 1; i < PyList_GET_SIZE(dotted_path); i++) {
+                    if (save(st, self, st->getattr, 0) < 0 ||
+                        (self->proto < 2 && _Pickler_Write(self, &mark_op, 1) < 0))
+                    {
+                        goto error;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
             PyObject *encoded;
             PyObject *(*unicode_encoder)(PyObject *);
 
@@ -3779,11 +3802,14 @@ save_global(PickleState *st, PicklerObject *self, PyObject *obj,
             }
             encoded = unicode_encoder(module_name);
             if (encoded == NULL) {
-                if (PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_UnicodeEncodeError))
+                if (PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_UnicodeEncodeError)) {
+                    PyObject *exc = PyErr_GetRaisedException();
                     PyErr_Format(st->PicklingError,
-                                 "can't pickle module identifier '%S' using "
+                                 "can't pickle module identifier %R using "
                                  "pickle protocol %i",
                                  module_name, self->proto);
+                    _PyErr_ChainExceptions1(exc);
+                }
                 goto error;
             }
             if (_Pickler_Write(self, PyBytes_AS_STRING(encoded),
@@ -3798,11 +3824,14 @@ save_global(PickleState *st, PicklerObject *self, PyObject *obj,
             /* Save the name of the module. */
             encoded = unicode_encoder(global_name);
             if (encoded == NULL) {
-                if (PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_UnicodeEncodeError))
+                if (PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_UnicodeEncodeError)) {
+                    PyObject *exc = PyErr_GetRaisedException();
                     PyErr_Format(st->PicklingError,
-                                 "can't pickle global identifier '%S' using "
+                                 "can't pickle global identifier %R using "
                                  "pickle protocol %i",
                                  global_name, self->proto);
+                    _PyErr_ChainExceptions1(exc);
+                }
                 goto error;
             }
             if (_Pickler_Write(self, PyBytes_AS_STRING(encoded),
@@ -3813,6 +3842,17 @@ save_global(PickleState *st, PicklerObject *self, PyObject *obj,
             Py_DECREF(encoded);
             if (_Pickler_Write(self, "\n", 1) < 0)
                 goto error;
+
+            if (dotted_path) {
+                for (i = 1; i < PyList_GET_SIZE(dotted_path); i++) {
+                    if (save(st, self, PyList_GET_ITEM(dotted_path, i), 0) < 0 ||
+                        _Pickler_Write(self, &tupletwo_op, 1) < 0 ||
+                        _Pickler_Write(self, &reduce_op, 1) < 0)
+                    {
+                        goto error;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
         }
         /* Memoize the object. */
         if (memo_put(st, self, obj) < 0)
@@ -3825,10 +3865,7 @@ save_global(PickleState *st, PicklerObject *self, PyObject *obj,
     }
     Py_XDECREF(module_name);
     Py_XDECREF(global_name);
-    Py_XDECREF(module);
-    Py_XDECREF(parent);
     Py_XDECREF(dotted_path);
-    Py_XDECREF(lastname);
 
     return status;
 }
@@ -3955,8 +3992,9 @@ save_reduce(PickleState *st, PicklerObject *self, PyObject *args,
 
     size = PyTuple_Size(args);
     if (size < 2 || size > 6) {
-        PyErr_SetString(st->PicklingError, "tuple returned by "
-                        "__reduce__ must contain 2 through 6 elements");
+        PyErr_SetString(st->PicklingError,
+                        "tuple returned by __reduce__ "
+                        "must contain 2 through 6 elements");
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -3966,13 +4004,15 @@ save_reduce(PickleState *st, PicklerObject *self, PyObject *args,
         return -1;
 
     if (!PyCallable_Check(callable)) {
-        PyErr_SetString(st->PicklingError, "first item of the tuple "
-                        "returned by __reduce__ must be callable");
+        PyErr_Format(st->PicklingError,
+                     "first item of the tuple returned by __reduce__ "
+                     "must be callable, not %T", callable);
         return -1;
     }
     if (!PyTuple_Check(argtup)) {
-        PyErr_SetString(st->PicklingError, "second item of the tuple "
-                        "returned by __reduce__ must be a tuple");
+        PyErr_Format(st->PicklingError,
+                     "second item of the tuple returned by __reduce__ "
+                     "must be a tuple, not %T", argtup);
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -3982,27 +4022,27 @@ save_reduce(PickleState *st, PicklerObject *self, PyObject *args,
     if (listitems == Py_None)
         listitems = NULL;
     else if (!PyIter_Check(listitems)) {
-        PyErr_Format(st->PicklingError, "fourth element of the tuple "
-                     "returned by __reduce__ must be an iterator, not %s",
-                     Py_TYPE(listitems)->tp_name);
+        PyErr_Format(st->PicklingError,
+                     "fourth item of the tuple returned by __reduce__ "
+                     "must be an iterator, not %T", listitems);
         return -1;
     }
 
     if (dictitems == Py_None)
         dictitems = NULL;
     else if (!PyIter_Check(dictitems)) {
-        PyErr_Format(st->PicklingError, "fifth element of the tuple "
-                     "returned by __reduce__ must be an iterator, not %s",
-                     Py_TYPE(dictitems)->tp_name);
+        PyErr_Format(st->PicklingError,
+                     "fifth item of the tuple returned by __reduce__ "
+                     "must be an iterator, not %T", dictitems);
         return -1;
     }
 
     if (state_setter == Py_None)
         state_setter = NULL;
     else if (!PyCallable_Check(state_setter)) {
-        PyErr_Format(st->PicklingError, "sixth element of the tuple "
-                     "returned by __reduce__ must be a function, not %s",
-                     Py_TYPE(state_setter)->tp_name);
+        PyErr_Format(st->PicklingError,
+                     "sixth item of the tuple returned by __reduce__ "
+                     "must be callable, not %T", state_setter);
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -4028,38 +4068,45 @@ save_reduce(PickleState *st, PicklerObject *self, PyObject *args,
 
         if (PyTuple_GET_SIZE(argtup) != 3) {
             PyErr_Format(st->PicklingError,
-                         "length of the NEWOBJ_EX argument tuple must be "
-                         "exactly 3, not %zd", PyTuple_GET_SIZE(argtup));
+                         "__newobj_ex__ expected 3 arguments, got %zd",
+                         PyTuple_GET_SIZE(argtup));
             return -1;
         }
 
         cls = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(argtup, 0);
         if (!PyType_Check(cls)) {
             PyErr_Format(st->PicklingError,
-                         "first item from NEWOBJ_EX argument tuple must "
-                         "be a class, not %.200s", Py_TYPE(cls)->tp_name);
+                         "first argument to __newobj_ex__() "
+                         "must be a class, not %T", cls);
             return -1;
         }
         args = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(argtup, 1);
         if (!PyTuple_Check(args)) {
             PyErr_Format(st->PicklingError,
-                         "second item from NEWOBJ_EX argument tuple must "
-                         "be a tuple, not %.200s", Py_TYPE(args)->tp_name);
+                         "second argument to __newobj_ex__() "
+                         "must be a tuple, not %T", args);
             return -1;
         }
         kwargs = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(argtup, 2);
         if (!PyDict_Check(kwargs)) {
             PyErr_Format(st->PicklingError,
-                         "third item from NEWOBJ_EX argument tuple must "
-                         "be a dict, not %.200s", Py_TYPE(kwargs)->tp_name);
+                         "third argument to __newobj_ex__() "
+                         "must be a dict, not %T", kwargs);
             return -1;
         }
 
         if (self->proto >= 4) {
-            if (save(st, self, cls, 0) < 0 ||
-                save(st, self, args, 0) < 0 ||
-                save(st, self, kwargs, 0) < 0 ||
-                _Pickler_Write(self, &newobj_ex_op, 1) < 0) {
+            if (save(st, self, cls, 0) < 0) {
+                _PyErr_FormatNote("when serializing %T class", obj);
+                return -1;
+            }
+            if (save(st, self, args, 0) < 0 ||
+                save(st, self, kwargs, 0) < 0)
+            {
+                _PyErr_FormatNote("when serializing %T __new__ arguments", obj);
+                return -1;
+            }
+            if (_Pickler_Write(self, &newobj_ex_op, 1) < 0) {
                 return -1;
             }
         }
@@ -4096,14 +4143,18 @@ save_reduce(PickleState *st, PicklerObject *self, PyObject *args,
             }
 
             if (save(st, self, callable, 0) < 0 ||
-                save(st, self, newargs, 0) < 0 ||
-                _Pickler_Write(self, &reduce_op, 1) < 0) {
+                save(st, self, newargs, 0) < 0)
+            {
+                _PyErr_FormatNote("when serializing %T reconstructor", obj);
                 Py_DECREF(newargs);
                 Py_DECREF(callable);
                 return -1;
             }
             Py_DECREF(newargs);
             Py_DECREF(callable);
+            if (_Pickler_Write(self, &reduce_op, 1) < 0) {
+                return -1;
+            }
         }
     }
     else if (use_newobj) {
@@ -4114,14 +4165,17 @@ save_reduce(PickleState *st, PicklerObject *self, PyObject *args,
 
         /* Sanity checks. */
         if (PyTuple_GET_SIZE(argtup) < 1) {
-            PyErr_SetString(st->PicklingError, "__newobj__ arglist is empty");
+            PyErr_Format(st->PicklingError,
+                         "__newobj__ expected at least 1 argument, got %zd",
+                         PyTuple_GET_SIZE(argtup));
             return -1;
         }
 
         cls = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(argtup, 0);
         if (!PyType_Check(cls)) {
-            PyErr_SetString(st->PicklingError, "args[0] from "
-                            "__newobj__ args is not a type");
+            PyErr_Format(st->PicklingError,
+                         "first argument to __newobj__() "
+                         "must be a class, not %T", cls);
             return -1;
         }
 
@@ -4130,13 +4184,14 @@ save_reduce(PickleState *st, PicklerObject *self, PyObject *args,
             if (obj_class == NULL) {
                 return -1;
             }
-            p = obj_class != cls;
-            Py_DECREF(obj_class);
-            if (p) {
-                PyErr_SetString(st->PicklingError, "args[0] from "
-                                "__newobj__ args has the wrong class");
+            if (obj_class != cls) {
+                PyErr_Format(st->PicklingError,
+                             "first argument to __newobj__() "
+                             "must be %R, not %R", obj_class, cls);
+                Py_DECREF(obj_class);
                 return -1;
             }
+            Py_DECREF(obj_class);
         }
         /* XXX: These calls save() are prone to infinite recursion. Imagine
            what happen if the value returned by the __reduce__() method of
@@ -4167,6 +4222,7 @@ save_reduce(PickleState *st, PicklerObject *self, PyObject *args,
 
         /* Save the class and its __new__ arguments. */
         if (save(st, self, cls, 0) < 0) {
+            _PyErr_FormatNote("when serializing %T class", obj);
             return -1;
         }
 
@@ -4176,18 +4232,27 @@ save_reduce(PickleState *st, PicklerObject *self, PyObject *args,
 
         p = save(st, self, newargtup, 0);
         Py_DECREF(newargtup);
-        if (p < 0)
+        if (p < 0) {
+            _PyErr_FormatNote("when serializing %T __new__ arguments", obj);
             return -1;
+        }
 
         /* Add NEWOBJ opcode. */
         if (_Pickler_Write(self, &newobj_op, 1) < 0)
             return -1;
     }
     else { /* Not using NEWOBJ. */
-        if (save(st, self, callable, 0) < 0 ||
-            save(st, self, argtup, 0) < 0 ||
-            _Pickler_Write(self, &reduce_op, 1) < 0)
+        if (save(st, self, callable, 0) < 0) {
+            _PyErr_FormatNote("when serializing %T reconstructor", obj);
             return -1;
+        }
+        if (save(st, self, argtup, 0) < 0) {
+            _PyErr_FormatNote("when serializing %T reconstructor arguments", obj);
+            return -1;
+        }
+        if (_Pickler_Write(self, &reduce_op, 1) < 0) {
+            return -1;
+        }
     }
 
     /* obj can be NULL when save_reduce() is used directly. A NULL obj means
@@ -4212,16 +4277,19 @@ save_reduce(PickleState *st, PicklerObject *self, PyObject *args,
             return -1;
     }
 
-    if (listitems && batch_list(st, self, listitems) < 0)
+    if (listitems && batch_list(st, self, listitems, obj) < 0)
         return -1;
 
-    if (dictitems && batch_dict(st, self, dictitems) < 0)
+    if (dictitems && batch_dict(st, self, dictitems, obj) < 0)
         return -1;
 
     if (state) {
         if (state_setter == NULL) {
-            if (save(st, self, state, 0) < 0 ||
-                _Pickler_Write(self, &build_op, 1) < 0)
+            if (save(st, self, state, 0) < 0) {
+                _PyErr_FormatNote("when serializing %T state", obj);
+                return -1;
+            }
+            if (_Pickler_Write(self, &build_op, 1) < 0)
                 return -1;
         }
         else {
@@ -4237,9 +4305,18 @@ save_reduce(PickleState *st, PicklerObject *self, PyObject *args,
 
             const char tupletwo_op = TUPLE2;
             const char pop_op = POP;
-            if (save(st, self, state_setter, 0) < 0 ||
-                save(st, self, obj, 0) < 0 || save(st, self, state, 0) < 0 ||
-                _Pickler_Write(self, &tupletwo_op, 1) < 0 ||
+            if (save(st, self, state_setter, 0) < 0) {
+                _PyErr_FormatNote("when serializing %T state setter", obj);
+                return -1;
+            }
+            if (save(st, self, obj, 0) < 0) {
+                return -1;
+            }
+            if (save(st, self, state, 0) < 0) {
+                _PyErr_FormatNote("when serializing %T state", obj);
+                return -1;
+            }
+            if (_Pickler_Write(self, &tupletwo_op, 1) < 0 ||
                 _Pickler_Write(self, &reduce_op, 1) < 0 ||
                 _Pickler_Write(self, &pop_op, 1) < 0)
                 return -1;
@@ -4429,8 +4506,7 @@ save(PickleState *st, PicklerObject *self, PyObject *obj, int pers_save)
             }
             else {
                 PyErr_Format(st->PicklingError,
-                             "can't pickle '%.200s' object: %R",
-                             type->tp_name, obj);
+                             "Can't pickle %T object", obj);
                 goto error;
             }
         }
@@ -4446,12 +4522,16 @@ save(PickleState *st, PicklerObject *self, PyObject *obj, int pers_save)
     }
 
     if (!PyTuple_Check(reduce_value)) {
-        PyErr_SetString(st->PicklingError,
-                        "__reduce__ must return a string or tuple");
+        PyErr_Format(st->PicklingError,
+                     "__reduce__ must return a string or tuple, not %T", reduce_value);
+        _PyErr_FormatNote("when serializing %T object", obj);
         goto error;
     }
 
     status = save_reduce(st, self, reduce_value, obj);
+    if (status < 0) {
+        _PyErr_FormatNote("when serializing %T object", obj);
+    }
 
     if (0) {
   error:
@@ -4693,7 +4773,7 @@ This takes a binary file for writing a pickle data stream.
 
 The optional *protocol* argument tells the pickler to use the given
 protocol; supported protocols are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5.  The default
-protocol is 4. It was introduced in Python 3.4, and is incompatible
+protocol is 5. It was introduced in Python 3.8, and is incompatible
 with previous versions.
 
 Specifying a negative protocol version selects the highest protocol
@@ -4726,7 +4806,7 @@ static int
 _pickle_Pickler___init___impl(PicklerObject *self, PyObject *file,
                               PyObject *protocol, int fix_imports,
                               PyObject *buffer_callback)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=0abedc50590d259b input=a7c969699bf5dad3]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=0abedc50590d259b input=cddc50f66b770002]*/
 {
     /* In case of multiple __init__() calls, clear previous content. */
     if (self->write != NULL)
@@ -6525,11 +6605,13 @@ load_additems(PickleState *state, UnpicklerObject *self)
             if (result == NULL) {
                 Pdata_clear(self->stack, i + 1);
                 Py_SET_SIZE(self->stack, mark);
+                Py_DECREF(add_func);
                 return -1;
             }
             Py_DECREF(result);
         }
         Py_SET_SIZE(self->stack, mark);
+        Py_DECREF(add_func);
     }
 
     return 0;
@@ -6605,8 +6687,10 @@ load_build(PickleState *st, UnpicklerObject *self)
             /* normally the keys for instance attributes are
                interned.  we should try to do that here. */
             Py_INCREF(d_key);
-            if (PyUnicode_CheckExact(d_key))
-                PyUnicode_InternInPlace(&d_key);
+            if (PyUnicode_CheckExact(d_key)) {
+                PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
+                _PyUnicode_InternMortal(interp, &d_key);
+            }
             if (PyObject_SetItem(dict, d_key, d_value) < 0) {
                 Py_DECREF(d_key);
                 goto error;
@@ -7040,7 +7124,26 @@ _pickle_Unpickler_find_class_impl(UnpicklerObject *self, PyTypeObject *cls,
     if (module == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
-    global = getattribute(module, global_name, self->proto >= 4);
+    if (self->proto >= 4) {
+        PyObject *dotted_path = get_dotted_path(global_name);
+        if (dotted_path == NULL) {
+            Py_DECREF(module);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        global = getattribute(module, dotted_path, 1);
+        assert(global != NULL || PyErr_Occurred());
+        if (global == NULL && PyList_GET_SIZE(dotted_path) > 1) {
+            PyObject *exc = PyErr_GetRaisedException();
+            PyErr_Format(PyExc_AttributeError,
+                         "Can't resolve path %R on module %R",
+                         global_name, module_name);
+            _PyErr_ChainExceptions1(exc);
+        }
+        Py_DECREF(dotted_path);
+    }
+    else {
+        global = PyObject_GetAttr(module, global_name);
+    }
     Py_DECREF(module);
     return global;
 }
@@ -7504,7 +7607,7 @@ be more efficient.
 
 The optional *protocol* argument tells the pickler to use the given
 protocol; supported protocols are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5.  The default
-protocol is 4. It was introduced in Python 3.4, and is incompatible
+protocol is 5. It was introduced in Python 3.8, and is incompatible
 with previous versions.
 
 Specifying a negative protocol version selects the highest protocol
@@ -7530,7 +7633,7 @@ static PyObject *
 _pickle_dump_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *obj, PyObject *file,
                   PyObject *protocol, int fix_imports,
                   PyObject *buffer_callback)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=706186dba996490c input=5ed6653da99cd97c]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=706186dba996490c input=b89ce8d0e911fd46]*/
 {
     PickleState *state = _Pickle_GetState(module);
     PicklerObject *pickler = _Pickler_New(state);
@@ -7575,7 +7678,7 @@ Return the pickled representation of the object as a bytes object.
 
 The optional *protocol* argument tells the pickler to use the given
 protocol; supported protocols are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5.  The default
-protocol is 4. It was introduced in Python 3.4, and is incompatible
+protocol is 5. It was introduced in Python 3.8, and is incompatible
 with previous versions.
 
 Specifying a negative protocol version selects the highest protocol
@@ -7595,7 +7698,7 @@ into *file* as part of the pickle stream.  It is an error if
 static PyObject *
 _pickle_dumps_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *obj, PyObject *protocol,
                    int fix_imports, PyObject *buffer_callback)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=fbab0093a5580fdf input=e543272436c6f987]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=fbab0093a5580fdf input=139fc546886c63ac]*/
 {
     PyObject *result;
     PickleState *state = _Pickle_GetState(module);
diff --git a/Modules/_posixsubprocess.c b/Modules/_posixsubprocess.c
index daec4ad708dea4..ad6d7ceda84e37 100644
--- a/Modules/_posixsubprocess.c
+++ b/Modules/_posixsubprocess.c
@@ -977,7 +977,6 @@ _posixsubprocess.fork_exec as subprocess_fork_exec
     uid as uid_object: object
     child_umask: int
     preexec_fn: object
-    allow_vfork: bool
     /
 
 Spawn a fresh new child process.
@@ -1014,8 +1013,8 @@ subprocess_fork_exec_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *process_args,
                           pid_t pgid_to_set, PyObject *gid_object,
                           PyObject *extra_groups_packed,
                           PyObject *uid_object, int child_umask,
-                          PyObject *preexec_fn, int allow_vfork)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=7ee4f6ee5cf22b5b input=51757287ef266ffa]*/
+                          PyObject *preexec_fn)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=288464dc56e373c7 input=f311c3bcb5dd55c8]*/
 {
     PyObject *converted_args = NULL, *fast_args = NULL;
     PyObject *preexec_fn_args_tuple = NULL;
@@ -1218,7 +1217,7 @@ subprocess_fork_exec_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *process_args,
 #ifdef VFORK_USABLE
     /* Use vfork() only if it's safe. See the comment above child_exec(). */
     sigset_t old_sigs;
-    if (preexec_fn == Py_None && allow_vfork &&
+    if (preexec_fn == Py_None &&
         uid == (uid_t)-1 && gid == (gid_t)-1 && extra_group_size < 0) {
         /* Block all signals to ensure that no signal handlers are run in the
          * child process while it shares memory with us. Note that signals
diff --git a/Modules/_randommodule.c b/Modules/_randommodule.c
index 140640ae8fbf3a..ad66df47349db0 100644
--- a/Modules/_randommodule.c
+++ b/Modules/_randommodule.c
@@ -295,7 +295,8 @@ random_seed(RandomObject *self, PyObject *arg)
     int result = -1;  /* guilty until proved innocent */
     PyObject *n = NULL;
     uint32_t *key = NULL;
-    size_t bits, keyused;
+    int64_t bits;
+    size_t keyused;
     int res;
 
     if (arg == NULL || arg == Py_None) {
@@ -334,11 +335,11 @@ random_seed(RandomObject *self, PyObject *arg)
 
     /* Now split n into 32-bit chunks, from the right. */
     bits = _PyLong_NumBits(n);
-    if (bits == (size_t)-1 && PyErr_Occurred())
-        goto Done;
+    assert(bits >= 0);
+    assert(!PyErr_Occurred());
 
     /* Figure out how many 32-bit chunks this gives us. */
-    keyused = bits == 0 ? 1 : (bits - 1) / 32 + 1;
+    keyused = bits == 0 ? 1 : (size_t)((bits - 1) / 32 + 1);
 
     /* Convert seed to byte sequence. */
     key = (uint32_t *)PyMem_Malloc((size_t)4 * keyused);
diff --git a/Modules/_sqlite/blob.c b/Modules/_sqlite/blob.c
index 7deb58bf1b9b82..d1a549a971c24a 100644
--- a/Modules/_sqlite/blob.c
+++ b/Modules/_sqlite/blob.c
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ blob_close_impl(pysqlite_Blob *self)
 void
 pysqlite_close_all_blobs(pysqlite_Connection *self)
 {
-    for (int i = 0; i < PyList_GET_SIZE(self->blobs); i++) {
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < PyList_GET_SIZE(self->blobs); i++) {
         PyObject *weakref = PyList_GET_ITEM(self->blobs, i);
         PyObject *blob;
         if (!PyWeakref_GetRef(weakref, &blob)) {
diff --git a/Modules/_sqlite/clinic/connection.c.h b/Modules/_sqlite/clinic/connection.c.h
index bb0a0278c629d4..6cb610a12b59c6 100644
--- a/Modules/_sqlite/clinic/connection.c.h
+++ b/Modules/_sqlite/clinic/connection.c.h
@@ -844,7 +844,7 @@ pysqlite_connection_set_progress_handler(pysqlite_Connection *self, PyTypeObject
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(progress_handler), &_Py_ID(n), },
+        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(progress_handler), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('n'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -1866,4 +1866,4 @@ getconfig(pysqlite_Connection *self, PyObject *arg)
 #ifndef DESERIALIZE_METHODDEF
     #define DESERIALIZE_METHODDEF
 #endif /* !defined(DESERIALIZE_METHODDEF) */
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=7d41a178b7b2b683 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=5d4d7e4abe17b164 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff --git a/Modules/_sre/sre.c b/Modules/_sre/sre.c
index c1eff63d921de9..2c86f8869d8e58 100644
--- a/Modules/_sre/sre.c
+++ b/Modules/_sre/sre.c
@@ -530,7 +530,7 @@ state_fini(SRE_STATE* state)
         PyBuffer_Release(&state->buffer);
     Py_XDECREF(state->string);
     data_stack_dealloc(state);
-    /* See above PyMem_Del for why we explicitly cast here. */
+    /* See above PyMem_Free() for why we explicitly cast here. */
     PyMem_Free((void*) state->mark);
     state->mark = NULL;
 }
@@ -1287,7 +1287,7 @@ pattern_subx(_sremodulestate* module_state,
     }
     else {
         if (state.isbytes)
-            item = _PyBytes_Join(joiner, list);
+            item = PyBytes_Join(joiner, list);
         else
             item = PyUnicode_Join(joiner, list);
         Py_DECREF(joiner);
@@ -1622,6 +1622,7 @@ _sre_template_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *pattern, PyObject *template)
         }
         self->items[i].literal = Py_XNewRef(literal);
     }
+    PyObject_GC_Track(self);
     return (PyObject*) self;
 
 bad_template:
@@ -2216,6 +2217,8 @@ match_getindex(MatchObject* self, PyObject* index)
         return -1;
     }
 
+    // Check that i*2 cannot overflow to make static analyzers happy
+    assert(i <= SRE_MAXGROUPS);
     return i;
 }
 
@@ -2368,7 +2371,7 @@ _sre_SRE_Match_groupdict_impl(MatchObject *self, PyObject *default_value)
             goto exit;
         }
     }
-exit:
+exit:;
     Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
 
     return result;
@@ -2915,7 +2918,7 @@ expand_template(TemplateObject *self, MatchObject *match)
     }
     else {
         Py_SET_SIZE(list, count);
-        result = _PyBytes_Join((PyObject *)&_Py_SINGLETON(bytes_empty), list);
+        result = PyBytes_Join((PyObject *)&_Py_SINGLETON(bytes_empty), list);
     }
 
 cleanup:
@@ -2941,7 +2944,7 @@ pattern_hash(PatternObject *self)
         return -1;
     }
 
-    hash2 = _Py_HashBytes(self->code, sizeof(self->code[0]) * self->codesize);
+    hash2 = Py_HashBuffer(self->code, sizeof(self->code[0]) * self->codesize);
     hash ^= hash2;
 
     hash ^= self->flags;
diff --git a/Modules/_ssl.c b/Modules/_ssl.c
index 9d50b576ba337f..62a94314512dd9 100644
--- a/Modules/_ssl.c
+++ b/Modules/_ssl.c
@@ -51,7 +51,6 @@
             PySSL_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS_S(_save);
 #define PySSL_END_ALLOW_THREADS PySSL_END_ALLOW_THREADS_S(_save); }
 
-
 #if defined(HAVE_POLL_H)
 #include <poll.h>
 #elif defined(HAVE_SYS_POLL_H)
@@ -187,6 +186,11 @@ extern const SSL_METHOD *TLSv1_2_method(void);
 #endif
 
 
+#if defined(SSL_VERIFY_POST_HANDSHAKE) && defined(TLS1_3_VERSION) && !defined(OPENSSL_NO_TLS1_3)
+  #define PySSL_HAVE_POST_HS_AUTH
+#endif
+
+
 enum py_ssl_error {
     /* these mirror ssl.h */
     PY_SSL_ERROR_NONE,
@@ -231,7 +235,7 @@ enum py_proto_version {
     PY_PROTO_TLSv1 = TLS1_VERSION,
     PY_PROTO_TLSv1_1 = TLS1_1_VERSION,
     PY_PROTO_TLSv1_2 = TLS1_2_VERSION,
-#ifdef TLS1_3_VERSION
+#if defined(TLS1_3_VERSION)
     PY_PROTO_TLSv1_3 = TLS1_3_VERSION,
 #else
     PY_PROTO_TLSv1_3 = 0x304,
@@ -293,7 +297,7 @@ typedef struct {
      */
     unsigned int hostflags;
     int protocol;
-#ifdef TLS1_3_VERSION
+#if defined(PySSL_HAVE_POST_HS_AUTH)
     int post_handshake_auth;
 #endif
     PyObject *msg_cb;
@@ -371,9 +375,6 @@ class _ssl.SSLSession "PySSLSession *" "get_state_type(type)->PySSLSession_Type"
 
 static int PySSL_select(PySocketSockObject *s, int writing, PyTime_t timeout);
 
-static int PySSL_set_owner(PySSLSocket *, PyObject *, void *);
-static int PySSL_set_session(PySSLSocket *, PyObject *, void *);
-
 typedef enum {
     SOCKET_IS_NONBLOCKING,
     SOCKET_IS_BLOCKING,
@@ -611,6 +612,7 @@ PySSL_SetError(PySSLSocket *sslsock, const char *filename, int lineno)
     _sslmodulestate *state = get_state_sock(sslsock);
     type = state->PySSLErrorObject;
 
+    // ERR functions are thread local, no need to lock them.
     e = ERR_peek_last_error();
 
     if (sslsock->ssl != NULL) {
@@ -873,7 +875,7 @@ newPySSLSocket(PySSLContext *sslctx, PySocketSockObject *sock,
     SSL_set_mode(self->ssl,
                  SSL_MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER | SSL_MODE_AUTO_RETRY);
 
-#ifdef TLS1_3_VERSION
+#if defined(PySSL_HAVE_POST_HS_AUTH)
     if (sslctx->post_handshake_auth == 1) {
         if (socket_type == PY_SSL_SERVER) {
             /* bpo-37428: OpenSSL does not ignore SSL_VERIFY_POST_HANDSHAKE.
@@ -921,13 +923,13 @@ newPySSLSocket(PySSLContext *sslctx, PySocketSockObject *sock,
         }
     }
     if (owner && owner != Py_None) {
-        if (PySSL_set_owner(self, owner, NULL) == -1) {
+        if (_ssl__SSLSocket_owner_set(self, owner, NULL) == -1) {
             Py_DECREF(self);
             return NULL;
         }
     }
     if (session && session != Py_None) {
-        if (PySSL_set_session(self, session, NULL) == -1) {
+        if (_ssl__SSLSocket_session_set(self, session, NULL) == -1) {
             Py_DECREF(self);
             return NULL;
         }
@@ -940,12 +942,13 @@ newPySSLSocket(PySSLContext *sslctx, PySocketSockObject *sock,
 /* SSL object methods */
 
 /*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
 _ssl._SSLSocket.do_handshake
 [clinic start generated code]*/
 
 static PyObject *
 _ssl__SSLSocket_do_handshake_impl(PySSLSocket *self)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=6c0898a8936548f6 input=d2d737de3df018c8]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=6c0898a8936548f6 input=65619a7a4bea3176]*/
 {
     int ret;
     _PySSLError err;
@@ -1016,6 +1019,7 @@ _ssl__SSLSocket_do_handshake_impl(PySSLSocket *self)
     } while (err.ssl == SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ ||
              err.ssl == SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE);
     Py_XDECREF(sock);
+
     if (ret < 1)
         return PySSL_SetError(self, __FILE__, __LINE__);
     if (PySSL_ChainExceptions(self) < 0)
@@ -1814,6 +1818,7 @@ _ssl__test_decode_cert_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *path)
 
 
 /*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
 _ssl._SSLSocket.getpeercert
     der as binary_mode: bool = False
     /
@@ -1831,7 +1836,7 @@ return the certificate even if it wasn't validated.
 
 static PyObject *
 _ssl__SSLSocket_getpeercert_impl(PySSLSocket *self, int binary_mode)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=1f0ab66dfb693c88 input=c0fbe802e57629b7]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=1f0ab66dfb693c88 input=e35af55fa5f9bab8]*/
 {
     int verification;
     X509 *peer_cert;
@@ -1861,13 +1866,14 @@ _ssl__SSLSocket_getpeercert_impl(PySSLSocket *self, int binary_mode)
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
 _ssl._SSLSocket.get_verified_chain
 
 [clinic start generated code]*/
 
 static PyObject *
 _ssl__SSLSocket_get_verified_chain_impl(PySSLSocket *self)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=802421163cdc3110 input=5fb0714f77e2bd51]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=802421163cdc3110 input=83035fe238ec057b]*/
 {
     /* borrowed reference */
     STACK_OF(X509) *chain = SSL_get0_verified_chain(self->ssl);
@@ -1878,13 +1884,14 @@ _ssl__SSLSocket_get_verified_chain_impl(PySSLSocket *self)
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
 _ssl._SSLSocket.get_unverified_chain
 
 [clinic start generated code]*/
 
 static PyObject *
 _ssl__SSLSocket_get_unverified_chain_impl(PySSLSocket *self)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=5acdae414e13f913 input=78c33c360c635cb5]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=5acdae414e13f913 input=079f8ff5c205cb3b]*/
 {
     PyObject *retval;
     /* borrowed reference */
@@ -2014,12 +2021,13 @@ cipher_to_dict(const SSL_CIPHER *cipher)
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
 _ssl._SSLSocket.shared_ciphers
 [clinic start generated code]*/
 
 static PyObject *
 _ssl__SSLSocket_shared_ciphers_impl(PySSLSocket *self)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=3d174ead2e42c4fd input=0bfe149da8fe6306]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=3d174ead2e42c4fd input=869645271e3bc6d0]*/
 {
     STACK_OF(SSL_CIPHER) *server_ciphers;
     STACK_OF(SSL_CIPHER) *client_ciphers;
@@ -2063,12 +2071,13 @@ _ssl__SSLSocket_shared_ciphers_impl(PySSLSocket *self)
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
 _ssl._SSLSocket.cipher
 [clinic start generated code]*/
 
 static PyObject *
 _ssl__SSLSocket_cipher_impl(PySSLSocket *self)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=376417c16d0e5815 input=548fb0e27243796d]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=376417c16d0e5815 input=39e180269a36f486]*/
 {
     const SSL_CIPHER *current;
 
@@ -2081,12 +2090,13 @@ _ssl__SSLSocket_cipher_impl(PySSLSocket *self)
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
 _ssl._SSLSocket.version
 [clinic start generated code]*/
 
 static PyObject *
 _ssl__SSLSocket_version_impl(PySSLSocket *self)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=178aed33193b2cdb input=900186a503436fd6]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=178aed33193b2cdb input=2732bc3f7f597d09]*/
 {
     const char *version;
 
@@ -2103,12 +2113,13 @@ _ssl__SSLSocket_version_impl(PySSLSocket *self)
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
 _ssl._SSLSocket.selected_alpn_protocol
 [clinic start generated code]*/
 
 static PyObject *
 _ssl__SSLSocket_selected_alpn_protocol_impl(PySSLSocket *self)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=ec33688b303d250f input=442de30e35bc2913]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=ec33688b303d250f input=f0b53506c9acdf8c]*/
 {
     const unsigned char *out;
     unsigned int outlen;
@@ -2146,13 +2157,29 @@ _ssl__SSLSocket_compression_impl(PySSLSocket *self)
 #endif
 }
 
-static PySSLContext *PySSL_get_context(PySSLSocket *self, void *closure) {
-    return (PySSLContext*)Py_NewRef(self->ctx);
+/*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
+@getter
+_ssl._SSLSocket.context
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+
+static PyObject *
+_ssl__SSLSocket_context_get_impl(PySSLSocket *self)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=d23e82f72f32e3d7 input=25aa82e4d9fa344a]*/
+{
+    return Py_NewRef(self->ctx);
 }
 
-static int PySSL_set_context(PySSLSocket *self, PyObject *value,
-                                   void *closure) {
+/*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
+@setter
+_ssl._SSLSocket.context
+[clinic start generated code]*/
 
+static int
+_ssl__SSLSocket_context_set_impl(PySSLSocket *self, PyObject *value)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=6b0a6cc5cf33d9fe input=48ece77724fd9dd4]*/
+{
     if (PyObject_TypeCheck(value, self->ctx->state->PySSLContext_Type)) {
         Py_SETREF(self->ctx, (PySSLContext *)Py_NewRef(value));
         SSL_set_SSL_CTX(self->ssl, self->ctx->ctx);
@@ -2169,37 +2196,47 @@ static int PySSL_set_context(PySSLSocket *self, PyObject *value,
     return 0;
 }
 
-PyDoc_STRVAR(PySSL_set_context_doc,
-"_setter_context(ctx)\n\
-\
-This changes the context associated with the SSLSocket. This is typically\n\
-used from within a callback function set by the sni_callback\n\
-on the SSLContext to change the certificate information associated with the\n\
-SSLSocket before the cryptographic exchange handshake messages\n");
+/*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
+@getter
+_ssl._SSLSocket.server_side
 
+Whether this is a server-side socket.
+[clinic start generated code]*/
 
 static PyObject *
-PySSL_get_server_side(PySSLSocket *self, void *c)
+_ssl__SSLSocket_server_side_get_impl(PySSLSocket *self)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=ae51e372489148e3 input=b09b320510bc7cae]*/
 {
     return PyBool_FromLong(self->socket_type == PY_SSL_SERVER);
 }
 
-PyDoc_STRVAR(PySSL_get_server_side_doc,
-"Whether this is a server-side socket.");
+/*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
+@getter
+_ssl._SSLSocket.server_hostname
+
+The currently set server hostname (for SNI).
+[clinic start generated code]*/
 
 static PyObject *
-PySSL_get_server_hostname(PySSLSocket *self, void *c)
+_ssl__SSLSocket_server_hostname_get_impl(PySSLSocket *self)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=1f40ea5a076de8e7 input=55d12a1dc6634b08]*/
 {
     if (self->server_hostname == NULL)
         Py_RETURN_NONE;
     return Py_NewRef(self->server_hostname);
 }
 
-PyDoc_STRVAR(PySSL_get_server_hostname_doc,
-"The currently set server hostname (for SNI).");
+/*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
+@getter
+_ssl._SSLSocket.owner
+[clinic start generated code]*/
 
 static PyObject *
-PySSL_get_owner(PySSLSocket *self, void *c)
+_ssl__SSLSocket_owner_get_impl(PySSLSocket *self)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=1f278cb930382927 input=bc2861ff3cf1402e]*/
 {
     if (self->owner == NULL) {
         Py_RETURN_NONE;
@@ -2211,8 +2248,15 @@ PySSL_get_owner(PySSLSocket *self, void *c)
     return owner;
 }
 
+/*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
+@setter
+_ssl._SSLSocket.owner
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+
 static int
-PySSL_set_owner(PySSLSocket *self, PyObject *value, void *c)
+_ssl__SSLSocket_owner_set_impl(PySSLSocket *self, PyObject *value)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=2e3924498f2b6cde input=875666fd32367a73]*/
 {
     Py_XSETREF(self->owner, PyWeakref_NewRef(value, NULL));
     if (self->owner == NULL)
@@ -2220,10 +2264,6 @@ PySSL_set_owner(PySSLSocket *self, PyObject *value, void *c)
     return 0;
 }
 
-PyDoc_STRVAR(PySSL_get_owner_doc,
-"The Python-level owner of this object.\
-Passed as \"self\" in servername callback.");
-
 static int
 PySSL_traverse(PySSLSocket *self, visitproc visit, void *arg)
 {
@@ -2245,6 +2285,17 @@ PySSL_dealloc(PySSLSocket *self)
     PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(self);
     PyObject_GC_UnTrack(self);
     if (self->ssl) {
+        // If we free the SSL socket object without having called SSL_shutdown,
+        // OpenSSL will invalidate the linked SSL session object. While this
+        // behavior is strictly RFC-compliant, it makes session reuse less
+        // likely and it would also break compatibility with older stdlib
+        // versions (which used an ugly workaround of duplicating the
+        // SSL_SESSION object).
+        // Therefore, we ensure the socket is marked as shutdown in any case.
+        //
+        // See elaborate explanation at
+        // https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/123249#discussion_r1766164530
+        SSL_set_shutdown(self->ssl, SSL_SENT_SHUTDOWN | SSL_get_shutdown(self->ssl));
         SSL_free(self->ssl);
     }
     Py_XDECREF(self->Socket);
@@ -2326,6 +2377,7 @@ PySSL_select(PySocketSockObject *s, int writing, PyTime_t timeout)
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
 _ssl._SSLSocket.write
     b: Py_buffer
     /
@@ -2337,7 +2389,7 @@ Returns the number of bytes written.
 
 static PyObject *
 _ssl__SSLSocket_write_impl(PySSLSocket *self, Py_buffer *b)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=aa7a6be5527358d8 input=77262d994fe5100a]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=aa7a6be5527358d8 input=967b5feeae641a26]*/
 {
     size_t count = 0;
     int retval;
@@ -2435,6 +2487,7 @@ _ssl__SSLSocket_write_impl(PySSLSocket *self, Py_buffer *b)
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
 _ssl._SSLSocket.pending
 
 Returns the number of already decrypted bytes available for read, pending on the connection.
@@ -2442,7 +2495,7 @@ Returns the number of already decrypted bytes available for read, pending on the
 
 static PyObject *
 _ssl__SSLSocket_pending_impl(PySSLSocket *self)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=983d9fecdc308a83 input=2b77487d6dfd597f]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=983d9fecdc308a83 input=32ab982a254e8866]*/
 {
     int count = 0;
     _PySSLError err;
@@ -2460,6 +2513,7 @@ _ssl__SSLSocket_pending_impl(PySSLSocket *self)
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
 _ssl._SSLSocket.read
     size as len: Py_ssize_t
     [
@@ -2473,7 +2527,7 @@ Read up to size bytes from the SSL socket.
 static PyObject *
 _ssl__SSLSocket_read_impl(PySSLSocket *self, Py_ssize_t len,
                           int group_right_1, Py_buffer *buffer)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=49b16e6406023734 input=ec48bf622be1c4a1]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=49b16e6406023734 input=80ed30436df01a71]*/
 {
     PyObject *dest = NULL;
     char *mem;
@@ -2602,6 +2656,7 @@ _ssl__SSLSocket_read_impl(PySSLSocket *self, Py_ssize_t len,
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
 _ssl._SSLSocket.shutdown
 
 Does the SSL shutdown handshake with the remote end.
@@ -2609,7 +2664,7 @@ Does the SSL shutdown handshake with the remote end.
 
 static PyObject *
 _ssl__SSLSocket_shutdown_impl(PySSLSocket *self)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=ca1aa7ed9d25ca42 input=11d39e69b0a2bf4a]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=ca1aa7ed9d25ca42 input=98d9635cd4e16514]*/
 {
     _PySSLError err;
     int sockstate, nonblocking, ret;
@@ -2721,6 +2776,7 @@ _ssl__SSLSocket_shutdown_impl(PySSLSocket *self)
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
 _ssl._SSLSocket.get_channel_binding
    cb_type: str = "tls-unique"
 
@@ -2734,7 +2790,7 @@ Only 'tls-unique' channel binding data from RFC 5929 is supported.
 static PyObject *
 _ssl__SSLSocket_get_channel_binding_impl(PySSLSocket *self,
                                          const char *cb_type)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=34bac9acb6a61d31 input=08b7e43b99c17d41]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=34bac9acb6a61d31 input=e008004fc08744db]*/
 {
     char buf[PySSL_CB_MAXLEN];
     size_t len;
@@ -2766,6 +2822,7 @@ _ssl__SSLSocket_get_channel_binding_impl(PySSLSocket *self,
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
 _ssl._SSLSocket.verify_client_post_handshake
 
 Initiate TLS 1.3 post-handshake authentication
@@ -2773,9 +2830,9 @@ Initiate TLS 1.3 post-handshake authentication
 
 static PyObject *
 _ssl__SSLSocket_verify_client_post_handshake_impl(PySSLSocket *self)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=532147f3b1341425 input=6bfa874810a3d889]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=532147f3b1341425 input=42b5bb1f0981eda1]*/
 {
-#ifdef TLS1_3_VERSION
+#if defined(PySSL_HAVE_POST_HS_AUTH)
     int err = SSL_verify_client_post_handshake(self->ssl);
     if (err == 0)
         return _setSSLError(get_state_sock(self), NULL, 0, __FILE__, __LINE__);
@@ -2789,70 +2846,29 @@ _ssl__SSLSocket_verify_client_post_handshake_impl(PySSLSocket *self)
 #endif
 }
 
-static SSL_SESSION*
-_ssl_session_dup(SSL_SESSION *session) {
-    SSL_SESSION *newsession = NULL;
-    int slen;
-    unsigned char *senc = NULL, *p;
-    const unsigned char *const_p;
-
-    if (session == NULL) {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "Invalid session");
-        goto error;
-    }
-
-    /* get length */
-    slen = i2d_SSL_SESSION(session, NULL);
-    if (slen == 0 || slen > 0xFF00) {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "i2d() failed");
-        goto error;
-    }
-    if ((senc = PyMem_Malloc(slen)) == NULL) {
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        goto error;
-    }
-    p = senc;
-    if (!i2d_SSL_SESSION(session, &p)) {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "i2d() failed");
-        goto error;
-    }
-    const_p = senc;
-    newsession = d2i_SSL_SESSION(NULL, &const_p, slen);
-    if (newsession == NULL) {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "d2i() failed");
-        goto error;
-    }
-    PyMem_Free(senc);
-    return newsession;
-  error:
-    if (senc != NULL) {
-        PyMem_Free(senc);
-    }
-    return NULL;
-}
+/*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
+@getter
+_ssl._SSLSocket.session
+[clinic start generated code]*/
 
 static PyObject *
-PySSL_get_session(PySSLSocket *self, void *closure) {
+_ssl__SSLSocket_session_get_impl(PySSLSocket *self)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=a5cd5755b35da670 input=b9792df9255a9f63]*/
+{
     /* get_session can return sessions from a server-side connection,
      * it does not check for handshake done or client socket. */
     PySSLSession *pysess;
     SSL_SESSION *session;
 
-    /* duplicate session as workaround for session bug in OpenSSL 1.1.0,
-     * https://github.com/openssl/openssl/issues/1550 */
-    session = SSL_get0_session(self->ssl);  /* borrowed reference */
-    if (session == NULL) {
-        Py_RETURN_NONE;
-    }
-    if ((session = _ssl_session_dup(session)) == NULL) {
-        return NULL;
-    }
     session = SSL_get1_session(self->ssl);
     if (session == NULL) {
         Py_RETURN_NONE;
     }
     pysess = PyObject_GC_New(PySSLSession, self->ctx->state->PySSLSession_Type);
     if (pysess == NULL) {
+        // It's not possible for another thread to access this, so
+        // we don't need to lock it.
         SSL_SESSION_free(session);
         return NULL;
     }
@@ -2864,12 +2880,17 @@ PySSL_get_session(PySSLSocket *self, void *closure) {
     return (PyObject *)pysess;
 }
 
-static int PySSL_set_session(PySSLSocket *self, PyObject *value,
-                             void *closure)
-                              {
+/*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
+@setter
+_ssl._SSLSocket.session
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+
+static int
+_ssl__SSLSocket_session_set_impl(PySSLSocket *self, PyObject *value)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=a3fa2ddd7c2d54a2 input=5fa5f921640db98b]*/
+{
     PySSLSession *pysess;
-    SSL_SESSION *session;
-    int result;
 
     if (!Py_IS_TYPE(value, get_state_sock(self)->PySSLSession_Type)) {
         PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "Value is not a SSLSession.");
@@ -2892,50 +2913,37 @@ static int PySSL_set_session(PySSLSocket *self, PyObject *value,
                         "Cannot set session after handshake.");
         return -1;
     }
-    /* duplicate session */
-    if ((session = _ssl_session_dup(pysess->session)) == NULL) {
-        return -1;
-    }
-    result = SSL_set_session(self->ssl, session);
-    /* free duplicate, SSL_set_session() bumps ref count */
-    SSL_SESSION_free(session);
-    if (result == 0) {
+
+    if (SSL_set_session(self->ssl, pysess->session) == 0) {
         _setSSLError(get_state_sock(self), NULL, 0, __FILE__, __LINE__);
         return -1;
     }
     return 0;
 }
 
-PyDoc_STRVAR(PySSL_set_session_doc,
-"_setter_session(session)\n\
-\
-Get / set SSLSession.");
+/*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
+@getter
+_ssl._SSLSocket.session_reused
+
+Was the client session reused during handshake?
+[clinic start generated code]*/
 
 static PyObject *
-PySSL_get_session_reused(PySSLSocket *self, void *closure) {
-    if (SSL_session_reused(self->ssl)) {
-        Py_RETURN_TRUE;
-    } else {
-        Py_RETURN_FALSE;
-    }
+_ssl__SSLSocket_session_reused_get_impl(PySSLSocket *self)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=c8916909bcb80893 input=cec8bfec73a4461e]*/
+{
+    int res = SSL_session_reused(self->ssl);
+    return res ? Py_True : Py_False;
 }
 
-PyDoc_STRVAR(PySSL_get_session_reused_doc,
-"Was the client session reused during handshake?");
-
 static PyGetSetDef ssl_getsetlist[] = {
-    {"context", (getter) PySSL_get_context,
-                (setter) PySSL_set_context, PySSL_set_context_doc},
-    {"server_side", (getter) PySSL_get_server_side, NULL,
-                    PySSL_get_server_side_doc},
-    {"server_hostname", (getter) PySSL_get_server_hostname, NULL,
-                        PySSL_get_server_hostname_doc},
-    {"owner", (getter) PySSL_get_owner, (setter) PySSL_set_owner,
-              PySSL_get_owner_doc},
-    {"session", (getter) PySSL_get_session,
-                (setter) PySSL_set_session, PySSL_set_session_doc},
-    {"session_reused", (getter) PySSL_get_session_reused, NULL,
-              PySSL_get_session_reused_doc},
+    _SSL__SSLSOCKET_CONTEXT_GETSETDEF
+    _SSL__SSLSOCKET_SERVER_SIDE_GETSETDEF
+    _SSL__SSLSOCKET_SERVER_HOSTNAME_GETSETDEF
+    _SSL__SSLSOCKET_OWNER_GETSETDEF
+    _SSL__SSLSOCKET_SESSION_GETSETDEF
+    _SSL__SSLSOCKET_SESSION_REUSED_GETSETDEF
     {NULL},            /* sentinel */
 };
 
@@ -3008,6 +3016,7 @@ _set_verify_mode(PySSLContext *self, enum py_ssl_cert_requirements n)
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
 @classmethod
 _ssl._SSLContext.__new__
     protocol as proto_version: int
@@ -3016,7 +3025,7 @@ _ssl._SSLContext.__new__
 
 static PyObject *
 _ssl__SSLContext_impl(PyTypeObject *type, int proto_version)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=2cf0d7a0741b6bd1 input=8d58a805b95fc534]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=2cf0d7a0741b6bd1 input=6fc79e62ae9d143c]*/
 {
     PySSLContext *self;
     uint64_t options;
@@ -3086,6 +3095,10 @@ _ssl__SSLContext_impl(PyTypeObject *type, int proto_version)
         return NULL;
     }
 
+    // This is the constructor, no need to lock it, because
+    // no other thread can be touching this object yet.
+    // (Technically, we can't even lock if we wanted to, as the
+    // lock hasn't been initialized yet.)
     PySSL_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
     ctx = SSL_CTX_new(method);
     PySSL_END_ALLOW_THREADS
@@ -3198,7 +3211,7 @@ _ssl__SSLContext_impl(PyTypeObject *type, int proto_version)
     X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags(params, X509_V_FLAG_TRUSTED_FIRST);
     X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_hostflags(params, self->hostflags);
 
-#ifdef TLS1_3_VERSION
+#if defined(PySSL_HAVE_POST_HS_AUTH)
     self->post_handshake_auth = 0;
     SSL_CTX_set_post_handshake_auth(self->ctx, self->post_handshake_auth);
 #endif
@@ -3252,6 +3265,7 @@ context_dealloc(PySSLContext *self)
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
 _ssl._SSLContext.set_ciphers
     cipherlist: str
     /
@@ -3259,7 +3273,7 @@ _ssl._SSLContext.set_ciphers
 
 static PyObject *
 _ssl__SSLContext_set_ciphers_impl(PySSLContext *self, const char *cipherlist)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=3a3162f3557c0f3f input=a7ac931b9f3ca7fc]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=3a3162f3557c0f3f input=40b583cded5c6ff9]*/
 {
     int ret = SSL_CTX_set_cipher_list(self->ctx, cipherlist);
     if (ret == 0) {
@@ -3275,12 +3289,13 @@ _ssl__SSLContext_set_ciphers_impl(PySSLContext *self, const char *cipherlist)
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
 _ssl._SSLContext.get_ciphers
 [clinic start generated code]*/
 
 static PyObject *
 _ssl__SSLContext_get_ciphers_impl(PySSLContext *self)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=a56e4d68a406dfc4 input=a2aadc9af89b79c5]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=a56e4d68a406dfc4 input=d7fff51631a260ae]*/
 {
     SSL *ssl = NULL;
     STACK_OF(SSL_CIPHER) *sk = NULL;
@@ -3355,6 +3370,7 @@ _selectALPN_cb(SSL *s,
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
 _ssl._SSLContext._set_alpn_protocols
     protos: Py_buffer
     /
@@ -3363,7 +3379,7 @@ _ssl._SSLContext._set_alpn_protocols
 static PyObject *
 _ssl__SSLContext__set_alpn_protocols_impl(PySSLContext *self,
                                           Py_buffer *protos)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=87599a7f76651a9b input=9bba964595d519be]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=87599a7f76651a9b input=b5096b186e49287d]*/
 {
     if ((size_t)protos->len > UINT_MAX) {
         PyErr_Format(PyExc_OverflowError,
@@ -3373,25 +3389,34 @@ _ssl__SSLContext__set_alpn_protocols_impl(PySSLContext *self,
 
     PyMem_Free(self->alpn_protocols);
     self->alpn_protocols = PyMem_Malloc(protos->len);
-    if (!self->alpn_protocols)
+    if (!self->alpn_protocols) {
         return PyErr_NoMemory();
+    }
     memcpy(self->alpn_protocols, protos->buf, protos->len);
     self->alpn_protocols_len = (unsigned int)protos->len;
-
-    if (SSL_CTX_set_alpn_protos(self->ctx, self->alpn_protocols, self->alpn_protocols_len))
+    if (SSL_CTX_set_alpn_protos(self->ctx, self->alpn_protocols, self->alpn_protocols_len)) {
         return PyErr_NoMemory();
+    }
     SSL_CTX_set_alpn_select_cb(self->ctx, _selectALPN_cb, self);
 
     Py_RETURN_NONE;
 }
 
+/*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
+@getter
+_ssl._SSLContext.verify_mode
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+
 static PyObject *
-get_verify_mode(PySSLContext *self, void *c)
+_ssl__SSLContext_verify_mode_get_impl(PySSLContext *self)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=3e788736cc7229bc input=7e3c7f4454121d0a]*/
 {
     /* ignore SSL_VERIFY_CLIENT_ONCE and SSL_VERIFY_POST_HANDSHAKE */
     int mask = (SSL_VERIFY_NONE | SSL_VERIFY_PEER |
                 SSL_VERIFY_FAIL_IF_NO_PEER_CERT);
-    switch (SSL_CTX_get_verify_mode(self->ctx) & mask) {
+    int verify_mode = SSL_CTX_get_verify_mode(self->ctx);
+    switch (verify_mode & mask) {
     case SSL_VERIFY_NONE:
         return PyLong_FromLong(PY_SSL_CERT_NONE);
     case SSL_VERIFY_PEER:
@@ -3404,11 +3429,18 @@ get_verify_mode(PySSLContext *self, void *c)
     return NULL;
 }
 
+/*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
+@setter
+_ssl._SSLContext.verify_mode
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+
 static int
-set_verify_mode(PySSLContext *self, PyObject *arg, void *c)
+_ssl__SSLContext_verify_mode_set_impl(PySSLContext *self, PyObject *value)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=d698e16c58db3118 input=3ee60057c3a22378]*/
 {
     int n;
-    if (!PyArg_Parse(arg, "i", &n))
+    if (!PyArg_Parse(value, "i", &n))
         return -1;
     if (n == PY_SSL_CERT_NONE && self->check_hostname) {
         PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
@@ -3419,8 +3451,15 @@ set_verify_mode(PySSLContext *self, PyObject *arg, void *c)
     return _set_verify_mode(self, n);
 }
 
+/*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
+@getter
+_ssl._SSLContext.verify_flags
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+
 static PyObject *
-get_verify_flags(PySSLContext *self, void *c)
+_ssl__SSLContext_verify_flags_get_impl(PySSLContext *self)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=fbbf8ba28ad6e56e input=c1ec36d610b3f391]*/
 {
     X509_VERIFY_PARAM *param;
     unsigned long flags;
@@ -3430,13 +3469,20 @@ get_verify_flags(PySSLContext *self, void *c)
     return PyLong_FromUnsignedLong(flags);
 }
 
+/*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
+@setter
+_ssl._SSLContext.verify_flags
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+
 static int
-set_verify_flags(PySSLContext *self, PyObject *arg, void *c)
+_ssl__SSLContext_verify_flags_set_impl(PySSLContext *self, PyObject *value)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=a3e3b2a0ce6c2e99 input=b2a0c42583d4f34e]*/
 {
     X509_VERIFY_PARAM *param;
     unsigned long new_flags, flags, set, clear;
 
-    if (!PyArg_Parse(arg, "k", &new_flags))
+    if (!PyArg_Parse(value, "k", &new_flags))
         return -1;
     param = SSL_CTX_get0_param(self->ctx);
     flags = X509_VERIFY_PARAM_get_flags(param);
@@ -3472,8 +3518,8 @@ set_min_max_proto_version(PySSLContext *self, PyObject *arg, int what)
     }
 
     switch(self->protocol) {
-    case PY_SSL_VERSION_TLS_CLIENT:  /* fall through */
-    case PY_SSL_VERSION_TLS_SERVER:  /* fall through */
+    case PY_SSL_VERSION_TLS_CLIENT: _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
+    case PY_SSL_VERSION_TLS_SERVER: _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
     case PY_SSL_VERSION_TLS:
         break;
     default:
@@ -3544,8 +3590,15 @@ set_min_max_proto_version(PySSLContext *self, PyObject *arg, int what)
     return 0;
 }
 
+/*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
+@getter
+_ssl._SSLContext.minimum_version
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+
 static PyObject *
-get_minimum_version(PySSLContext *self, void *c)
+_ssl__SSLContext_minimum_version_get_impl(PySSLContext *self)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=27fa8382276635ed input=6832821e7e974d40]*/
 {
     int v = SSL_CTX_get_min_proto_version(self->ctx);
     if (v == 0) {
@@ -3554,14 +3607,29 @@ get_minimum_version(PySSLContext *self, void *c)
     return PyLong_FromLong(v);
 }
 
+/*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
+@setter
+_ssl._SSLContext.minimum_version
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+
 static int
-set_minimum_version(PySSLContext *self, PyObject *arg, void *c)
+_ssl__SSLContext_minimum_version_set_impl(PySSLContext *self,
+                                          PyObject *value)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=482e82f7372afb78 input=2c64724901a514b3]*/
 {
-    return set_min_max_proto_version(self, arg, 0);
+    return set_min_max_proto_version(self, value, 0);
 }
 
+/*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
+@getter
+_ssl._SSLContext.maximum_version
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+
 static PyObject *
-get_maximum_version(PySSLContext *self, void *c)
+_ssl__SSLContext_maximum_version_get_impl(PySSLContext *self)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=889249475112826a input=2b9e4c2d45f16b14]*/
 {
     int v = SSL_CTX_get_max_proto_version(self->ctx);
     if (v == 0) {
@@ -3570,24 +3638,51 @@ get_maximum_version(PySSLContext *self, void *c)
     return PyLong_FromLong(v);
 }
 
+/*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
+@setter
+_ssl._SSLContext.maximum_version
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+
 static int
-set_maximum_version(PySSLContext *self, PyObject *arg, void *c)
+_ssl__SSLContext_maximum_version_set_impl(PySSLContext *self,
+                                          PyObject *value)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=4c0eed3042ca20d5 input=fe27e9fbbeb73c89]*/
 {
-    return set_min_max_proto_version(self, arg, 1);
+    return set_min_max_proto_version(self, value, 1);
 }
 
-#ifdef TLS1_3_VERSION
+/*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
+@getter
+_ssl._SSLContext.num_tickets
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+
 static PyObject *
-get_num_tickets(PySSLContext *self, void *c)
+_ssl__SSLContext_num_tickets_get_impl(PySSLContext *self)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=3d06d016318846c9 input=1dee26d75163c073]*/
 {
-    return PyLong_FromSize_t(SSL_CTX_get_num_tickets(self->ctx));
+    // Clinic seems to be misbehaving when the comment is wrapped with in directive
+#if defined(TLS1_3_VERSION) && !defined(OPENSSL_NO_TLS1_3)
+    PyObject *res = PyLong_FromSize_t(SSL_CTX_get_num_tickets(self->ctx));
+    return res;
+#else
+    return 0;
+#endif
 }
 
+/*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
+@setter
+_ssl._SSLContext.num_tickets
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+
 static int
-set_num_tickets(PySSLContext *self, PyObject *arg, void *c)
+_ssl__SSLContext_num_tickets_set_impl(PySSLContext *self, PyObject *value)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=ced81b46f3beab09 input=6ef8067ac55607e7]*/
 {
     long num;
-    if (!PyArg_Parse(arg, "l", &num))
+    if (!PyArg_Parse(value, "l", &num))
         return -1;
     if (num < 0) {
         PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "value must be non-negative");
@@ -3605,27 +3700,44 @@ set_num_tickets(PySSLContext *self, PyObject *arg, void *c)
     return 0;
 }
 
-PyDoc_STRVAR(PySSLContext_num_tickets_doc,
-"Control the number of TLSv1.3 session tickets");
-#endif /* TLS1_3_VERSION */
+/*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
+@getter
+_ssl._SSLContext.security_level
+[clinic start generated code]*/
 
 static PyObject *
-get_security_level(PySSLContext *self, void *c)
+_ssl__SSLContext_security_level_get_impl(PySSLContext *self)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=56ece09e6a9572d0 input=a0416598e07c3183]*/
 {
-    return PyLong_FromLong(SSL_CTX_get_security_level(self->ctx));
+    PyObject *res = PyLong_FromLong(SSL_CTX_get_security_level(self->ctx));
+    return res;
 }
-PyDoc_STRVAR(PySSLContext_security_level_doc, "The current security level");
+
+/*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
+@getter
+_ssl._SSLContext.options
+[clinic start generated code]*/
 
 static PyObject *
-get_options(PySSLContext *self, void *c)
+_ssl__SSLContext_options_get_impl(PySSLContext *self)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=3dfa6a74837f525b input=f5a2805c7cda6f25]*/
 {
     uint64_t options = SSL_CTX_get_options(self->ctx);
     Py_BUILD_ASSERT(sizeof(unsigned long long) >= sizeof(options));
     return PyLong_FromUnsignedLongLong(options);
 }
 
+/*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
+@setter
+_ssl._SSLContext.options
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+
 static int
-set_options(PySSLContext *self, PyObject *arg, void *c)
+_ssl__SSLContext_options_set_impl(PySSLContext *self, PyObject *value)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=92ca34731ece5dbb input=2b94bf789e9ae5dd]*/
 {
     PyObject *new_opts_obj;
     unsigned long long new_opts_arg;
@@ -3635,7 +3747,7 @@ set_options(PySSLContext *self, PyObject *arg, void *c)
         SSL_OP_NO_TLSv1_1 | SSL_OP_NO_TLSv1_2 | SSL_OP_NO_TLSv1_3
     );
 
-    if (!PyArg_Parse(arg, "O!", &PyLong_Type, &new_opts_obj)) {
+    if (!PyArg_Parse(value, "O!", &PyLong_Type, &new_opts_obj)) {
         return -1;
     }
     new_opts_arg = PyLong_AsUnsignedLongLong(new_opts_obj);
@@ -3664,19 +3776,33 @@ set_options(PySSLContext *self, PyObject *arg, void *c)
     return 0;
 }
 
+/*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
+@getter
+_ssl._SSLContext._host_flags
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+
 static PyObject *
-get_host_flags(PySSLContext *self, void *c)
+_ssl__SSLContext__host_flags_get_impl(PySSLContext *self)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=0f9db6654ce32582 input=8e3c49499eefd0e5]*/
 {
     return PyLong_FromUnsignedLong(self->hostflags);
 }
 
+/*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
+@setter
+_ssl._SSLContext._host_flags
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+
 static int
-set_host_flags(PySSLContext *self, PyObject *arg, void *c)
+_ssl__SSLContext__host_flags_set_impl(PySSLContext *self, PyObject *value)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=1ed6f4027aaf2e3e input=28caf1fb9c32f6cb]*/
 {
     X509_VERIFY_PARAM *param;
     unsigned int new_flags = 0;
 
-    if (!PyArg_Parse(arg, "I", &new_flags))
+    if (!PyArg_Parse(value, "I", &new_flags))
         return -1;
 
     param = SSL_CTX_get0_param(self->ctx);
@@ -3685,20 +3811,35 @@ set_host_flags(PySSLContext *self, PyObject *arg, void *c)
     return 0;
 }
 
+/*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
+@getter
+_ssl._SSLContext.check_hostname
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+
 static PyObject *
-get_check_hostname(PySSLContext *self, void *c)
+_ssl__SSLContext_check_hostname_get_impl(PySSLContext *self)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=e046d6eeefc76063 input=1b8341e705f9ecf5]*/
 {
     return PyBool_FromLong(self->check_hostname);
 }
 
+/*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
+@setter
+_ssl._SSLContext.check_hostname
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+
 static int
-set_check_hostname(PySSLContext *self, PyObject *arg, void *c)
+_ssl__SSLContext_check_hostname_set_impl(PySSLContext *self, PyObject *value)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=0e767b4784e7dc3f input=e6a771cb5919f74d]*/
 {
     int check_hostname;
-    if (!PyArg_Parse(arg, "p", &check_hostname))
+    if (!PyArg_Parse(value, "p", &check_hostname))
         return -1;
+    int verify_mode = check_hostname ? SSL_CTX_get_verify_mode(self->ctx) : 0;
     if (check_hostname &&
-            SSL_CTX_get_verify_mode(self->ctx) == SSL_VERIFY_NONE) {
+            verify_mode == SSL_VERIFY_NONE) {
         /* check_hostname = True sets verify_mode = CERT_REQUIRED */
         if (_set_verify_mode(self, PY_SSL_CERT_REQUIRED) == -1) {
             return -1;
@@ -3710,14 +3851,14 @@ set_check_hostname(PySSLContext *self, PyObject *arg, void *c)
 
 static PyObject *
 get_post_handshake_auth(PySSLContext *self, void *c) {
-#if TLS1_3_VERSION
+#if defined(PySSL_HAVE_POST_HS_AUTH)
     return PyBool_FromLong(self->post_handshake_auth);
 #else
     Py_RETURN_NONE;
 #endif
 }
 
-#if TLS1_3_VERSION
+#if defined(PySSL_HAVE_POST_HS_AUTH)
 static int
 set_post_handshake_auth(PySSLContext *self, PyObject *arg, void *c) {
     if (arg == NULL) {
@@ -3738,8 +3879,16 @@ set_post_handshake_auth(PySSLContext *self, PyObject *arg, void *c) {
 }
 #endif
 
+/*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
+@getter
+_ssl._SSLContext.protocol
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+
 static PyObject *
-get_protocol(PySSLContext *self, void *c) {
+_ssl__SSLContext_protocol_get_impl(PySSLContext *self)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=a9a48febc16cee22 input=c9f5fa1a2bd4b8a8]*/
+{
     return PyLong_FromLong(self->protocol);
 }
 
@@ -3853,6 +4002,7 @@ _password_callback(char *buf, int size, int rwflag, void *userdata)
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
 _ssl._SSLContext.load_cert_chain
     certfile: object
     keyfile: object = None
@@ -3863,7 +4013,7 @@ _ssl._SSLContext.load_cert_chain
 static PyObject *
 _ssl__SSLContext_load_cert_chain_impl(PySSLContext *self, PyObject *certfile,
                                       PyObject *keyfile, PyObject *password)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=9480bc1c380e2095 input=30bc7e967ea01a58]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=9480bc1c380e2095 input=6c7c5e8b73e4264b]*/
 {
     PyObject *certfile_bytes = NULL, *keyfile_bytes = NULL;
     pem_password_cb *orig_passwd_cb = SSL_CTX_get_default_passwd_cb(self->ctx);
@@ -4057,6 +4207,7 @@ _add_ca_certs(PySSLContext *self, const void *data, Py_ssize_t len,
 
 
 /*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
 _ssl._SSLContext.load_verify_locations
     cafile: object = None
     capath: object = None
@@ -4069,7 +4220,7 @@ _ssl__SSLContext_load_verify_locations_impl(PySSLContext *self,
                                             PyObject *cafile,
                                             PyObject *capath,
                                             PyObject *cadata)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=454c7e41230ca551 input=42ecfe258233e194]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=454c7e41230ca551 input=b178852b41618414]*/
 {
     PyObject *cafile_bytes = NULL, *capath_bytes = NULL;
     const char *cafile_buf = NULL, *capath_buf = NULL;
@@ -4185,6 +4336,7 @@ _ssl__SSLContext_load_verify_locations_impl(PySSLContext *self,
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
 _ssl._SSLContext.load_dh_params
     path as filepath: object
     /
@@ -4192,8 +4344,8 @@ _ssl._SSLContext.load_dh_params
 [clinic start generated code]*/
 
 static PyObject *
-_ssl__SSLContext_load_dh_params(PySSLContext *self, PyObject *filepath)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=1c8e57a38e055af0 input=c8871f3c796ae1d6]*/
+_ssl__SSLContext_load_dh_params_impl(PySSLContext *self, PyObject *filepath)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=dd74b3c524dd2723 input=832769a0734b8c4d]*/
 {
     FILE *f;
     DH *dh;
@@ -4226,6 +4378,7 @@ _ssl__SSLContext_load_dh_params(PySSLContext *self, PyObject *filepath)
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
 _ssl._SSLContext._wrap_socket
     sock: object(subclass_of="get_state_ctx(self)->Sock_Type")
     server_side: bool
@@ -4240,7 +4393,7 @@ static PyObject *
 _ssl__SSLContext__wrap_socket_impl(PySSLContext *self, PyObject *sock,
                                    int server_side, PyObject *hostname_obj,
                                    PyObject *owner, PyObject *session)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=f103f238633940b4 input=700ca8fedff53994]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=f103f238633940b4 input=eceadcee4434a06f]*/
 {
     char *hostname = NULL;
     PyObject *res;
@@ -4262,6 +4415,7 @@ _ssl__SSLContext__wrap_socket_impl(PySSLContext *self, PyObject *sock,
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
 _ssl._SSLContext._wrap_bio
     incoming: object(subclass_of="get_state_ctx(self)->PySSLMemoryBIO_Type", type="PySSLMemoryBIO *")
     outgoing: object(subclass_of="get_state_ctx(self)->PySSLMemoryBIO_Type", type="PySSLMemoryBIO *")
@@ -4278,7 +4432,7 @@ _ssl__SSLContext__wrap_bio_impl(PySSLContext *self, PySSLMemoryBIO *incoming,
                                 PySSLMemoryBIO *outgoing, int server_side,
                                 PyObject *hostname_obj, PyObject *owner,
                                 PyObject *session)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=5c5d6d9b41f99332 input=a9205d097fd45a82]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=5c5d6d9b41f99332 input=58277fc962a60182]*/
 {
     char *hostname = NULL;
     PyObject *res;
@@ -4299,12 +4453,13 @@ _ssl__SSLContext__wrap_bio_impl(PySSLContext *self, PySSLMemoryBIO *incoming,
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
 _ssl._SSLContext.session_stats
 [clinic start generated code]*/
 
 static PyObject *
 _ssl__SSLContext_session_stats_impl(PySSLContext *self)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=0d96411c42893bfb input=7e0a81fb11102c8b]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=0d96411c42893bfb input=db62af53004127a4]*/
 {
     int r;
     PyObject *value, *stats = PyDict_New();
@@ -4343,12 +4498,13 @@ _ssl__SSLContext_session_stats_impl(PySSLContext *self)
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
 _ssl._SSLContext.set_default_verify_paths
 [clinic start generated code]*/
 
 static PyObject *
 _ssl__SSLContext_set_default_verify_paths_impl(PySSLContext *self)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=0bee74e6e09deaaa input=35f3408021463d74]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=0bee74e6e09deaaa input=939a88e78f634119]*/
 {
     int rc;
     Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
@@ -4362,6 +4518,7 @@ _ssl__SSLContext_set_default_verify_paths_impl(PySSLContext *self)
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
 _ssl._SSLContext.set_ecdh_curve
     name: object
     /
@@ -4369,8 +4526,8 @@ _ssl._SSLContext.set_ecdh_curve
 [clinic start generated code]*/
 
 static PyObject *
-_ssl__SSLContext_set_ecdh_curve(PySSLContext *self, PyObject *name)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=23022c196e40d7d2 input=c2bafb6f6e34726b]*/
+_ssl__SSLContext_set_ecdh_curve_impl(PySSLContext *self, PyObject *name)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=01081151ce0ecc45 input=039df032e666870e]*/
 {
     PyObject *name_bytes;
     int nid;
@@ -4504,8 +4661,15 @@ _servername_callback(SSL *s, int *al, void *args)
     return ret;
 }
 
+/*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
+@getter
+_ssl._SSLContext.sni_callback
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+
 static PyObject *
-get_sni_callback(PySSLContext *self, void *c)
+_ssl__SSLContext_sni_callback_get_impl(PySSLContext *self)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=961e6575cdfaf036 input=22dd28c31fdc4318]*/
 {
     PyObject *cb = self->set_sni_cb;
     if (cb == NULL) {
@@ -4514,8 +4678,15 @@ get_sni_callback(PySSLContext *self, void *c)
     return Py_NewRef(cb);
 }
 
+/*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
+@setter
+_ssl._SSLContext.sni_callback
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+
 static int
-set_sni_callback(PySSLContext *self, PyObject *arg, void *c)
+_ssl__SSLContext_sni_callback_set_impl(PySSLContext *self, PyObject *value)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=b32736c6b891f61a input=c3c4ff33540b3c85]*/
 {
     if (self->protocol == PY_SSL_VERSION_TLS_CLIENT) {
         PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
@@ -4523,17 +4694,17 @@ set_sni_callback(PySSLContext *self, PyObject *arg, void *c)
         return -1;
     }
     Py_CLEAR(self->set_sni_cb);
-    if (arg == Py_None) {
+    if (value == Py_None) {
         SSL_CTX_set_tlsext_servername_callback(self->ctx, NULL);
     }
     else {
-        if (!PyCallable_Check(arg)) {
+        if (!PyCallable_Check(value)) {
             SSL_CTX_set_tlsext_servername_callback(self->ctx, NULL);
             PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
                             "not a callable object");
             return -1;
         }
-        self->set_sni_cb = Py_NewRef(arg);
+        self->set_sni_cb = Py_NewRef(value);
         SSL_CTX_set_tlsext_servername_callback(self->ctx, _servername_callback);
         SSL_CTX_set_tlsext_servername_arg(self->ctx, self);
     }
@@ -4584,14 +4755,8 @@ X509_STORE_get1_objects(X509_STORE *store)
 }
 #endif
 
-PyDoc_STRVAR(PySSLContext_sni_callback_doc,
-"Set a callback that will be called when a server name is provided by the SSL/TLS client in the SNI extension.\n\
-\n\
-If the argument is None then the callback is disabled. The method is called\n\
-with the SSLSocket, the server name as a string, and the SSLContext object.\n\
-See RFC 6066 for details of the SNI extension.");
-
 /*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
 _ssl._SSLContext.cert_store_stats
 
 Returns quantities of loaded X.509 certificates.
@@ -4605,7 +4770,7 @@ been used at least once.
 
 static PyObject *
 _ssl__SSLContext_cert_store_stats_impl(PySSLContext *self)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=5f356f4d9cca874d input=eb40dd0f6d0e40cf]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=5f356f4d9cca874d input=d13c6e3f2b48539b]*/
 {
     X509_STORE *store;
     STACK_OF(X509_OBJECT) *objs;
@@ -4642,6 +4807,7 @@ _ssl__SSLContext_cert_store_stats_impl(PySSLContext *self)
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
 _ssl._SSLContext.get_ca_certs
     binary_form: bool = False
 
@@ -4656,7 +4822,7 @@ been used at least once.
 
 static PyObject *
 _ssl__SSLContext_get_ca_certs_impl(PySSLContext *self, int binary_form)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=0d58f148f37e2938 input=6887b5a09b7f9076]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=0d58f148f37e2938 input=eb0592909c9ad6e7]*/
 {
     X509_STORE *store;
     STACK_OF(X509_OBJECT) *objs;
@@ -4782,6 +4948,7 @@ static unsigned int psk_client_callback(SSL *s,
 #endif
 
 /*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
 _ssl._SSLContext.set_psk_client_callback
     callback: object
 
@@ -4790,7 +4957,7 @@ _ssl._SSLContext.set_psk_client_callback
 static PyObject *
 _ssl__SSLContext_set_psk_client_callback_impl(PySSLContext *self,
                                               PyObject *callback)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=0aba86f6ed75119e input=7627bae0e5ee7635]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=0aba86f6ed75119e input=1e436eea625cfc35]*/
 {
 #ifndef OPENSSL_NO_PSK
     if (self->protocol == PY_SSL_VERSION_TLS_SERVER) {
@@ -4890,6 +5057,7 @@ static unsigned int psk_server_callback(SSL *s,
 #endif
 
 /*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
 _ssl._SSLContext.set_psk_server_callback
     callback: object
     identity_hint: str(accept={str, NoneType}) = None
@@ -4900,7 +5068,7 @@ static PyObject *
 _ssl__SSLContext_set_psk_server_callback_impl(PySSLContext *self,
                                               PyObject *callback,
                                               const char *identity_hint)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=1f4d6a4e09a92b03 input=65d4b6022aa85ea3]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=1f4d6a4e09a92b03 input=5f79d932458284a7]*/
 {
 #ifndef OPENSSL_NO_PSK
     if (self->protocol == PY_SSL_VERSION_TLS_CLIENT) {
@@ -4945,41 +5113,30 @@ _ssl__SSLContext_set_psk_server_callback_impl(PySSLContext *self,
 
 
 static PyGetSetDef context_getsetlist[] = {
-    {"check_hostname", (getter) get_check_hostname,
-                       (setter) set_check_hostname, NULL},
-    {"_host_flags", (getter) get_host_flags,
-                    (setter) set_host_flags, NULL},
-    {"minimum_version", (getter) get_minimum_version,
-                        (setter) set_minimum_version, NULL},
-    {"maximum_version", (getter) get_maximum_version,
-                        (setter) set_maximum_version, NULL},
+    _SSL__SSLCONTEXT_CHECK_HOSTNAME_GETSETDEF
+    _SSL__SSLCONTEXT__HOST_FLAGS_GETSETDEF
+    _SSL__SSLCONTEXT_MINIMUM_VERSION_GETSETDEF
+    _SSL__SSLCONTEXT_MAXIMUM_VERSION_GETSETDEF
     {"keylog_filename", (getter) _PySSLContext_get_keylog_filename,
                         (setter) _PySSLContext_set_keylog_filename, NULL},
     {"_msg_callback", (getter) _PySSLContext_get_msg_callback,
                       (setter) _PySSLContext_set_msg_callback, NULL},
-    {"sni_callback", (getter) get_sni_callback,
-                     (setter) set_sni_callback, PySSLContext_sni_callback_doc},
-#ifdef TLS1_3_VERSION
-    {"num_tickets", (getter) get_num_tickets,
-                    (setter) set_num_tickets, PySSLContext_num_tickets_doc},
+    _SSL__SSLCONTEXT_SNI_CALLBACK_GETSETDEF
+#if defined(TLS1_3_VERSION) && !defined(OPENSSL_NO_TLS1_3)
+    _SSL__SSLCONTEXT_NUM_TICKETS_GETSETDEF
 #endif
-    {"options", (getter) get_options,
-                (setter) set_options, NULL},
+    _SSL__SSLCONTEXT_OPTIONS_GETSETDEF
     {"post_handshake_auth", (getter) get_post_handshake_auth,
-#ifdef TLS1_3_VERSION
+#if defined(PySSL_HAVE_POST_HS_AUTH)
                             (setter) set_post_handshake_auth,
 #else
                             NULL,
 #endif
                             NULL},
-    {"protocol", (getter) get_protocol,
-                 NULL, NULL},
-    {"verify_flags", (getter) get_verify_flags,
-                     (setter) set_verify_flags, NULL},
-    {"verify_mode", (getter) get_verify_mode,
-                    (setter) set_verify_mode, NULL},
-    {"security_level", (getter) get_security_level,
-                       NULL, PySSLContext_security_level_doc},
+    _SSL__SSLCONTEXT_PROTOCOL_GETSETDEF
+    _SSL__SSLCONTEXT_VERIFY_FLAGS_GETSETDEF
+    _SSL__SSLCONTEXT_VERIFY_MODE_GETSETDEF
+    _SSL__SSLCONTEXT_SECURITY_LEVEL_GETSETDEF
     {NULL},            /* sentinel */
 };
 
@@ -5026,6 +5183,7 @@ static PyType_Spec PySSLContext_spec = {
  */
 
 /*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
 @classmethod
 _ssl.MemoryBIO.__new__
 
@@ -5033,7 +5191,7 @@ _ssl.MemoryBIO.__new__
 
 static PyObject *
 _ssl_MemoryBIO_impl(PyTypeObject *type)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=8820a58db78330ac input=26d22e4909ecb1b5]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=8820a58db78330ac input=87f146cf30af454e]*/
 {
     BIO *bio;
     PySSLMemoryBIO *self;
@@ -5078,26 +5236,36 @@ memory_bio_dealloc(PySSLMemoryBIO *self)
     Py_DECREF(tp);
 }
 
+/*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
+@getter
+_ssl.MemoryBIO.pending
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+
 static PyObject *
-memory_bio_get_pending(PySSLMemoryBIO *self, void *c)
+_ssl_MemoryBIO_pending_get_impl(PySSLMemoryBIO *self)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=19236a32a51ac8ff input=c0b6d14eba107f6a]*/
 {
-    return PyLong_FromSize_t(BIO_ctrl_pending(self->bio));
+    size_t res = BIO_ctrl_pending(self->bio);
+    return PyLong_FromSize_t(res);
 }
 
-PyDoc_STRVAR(PySSL_memory_bio_pending_doc,
-"The number of bytes pending in the memory BIO.");
+/*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
+@getter
+_ssl.MemoryBIO.eof
+[clinic start generated code]*/
 
 static PyObject *
-memory_bio_get_eof(PySSLMemoryBIO *self, void *c)
+_ssl_MemoryBIO_eof_get_impl(PySSLMemoryBIO *self)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=c255a9ea16e31b92 input=0f5c6be69752e04c]*/
 {
-    return PyBool_FromLong((BIO_ctrl_pending(self->bio) == 0)
-                           && self->eof_written);
+    size_t pending = BIO_ctrl_pending(self->bio);
+    return PyBool_FromLong((pending == 0) && self->eof_written);
 }
 
-PyDoc_STRVAR(PySSL_memory_bio_eof_doc,
-"Whether the memory BIO is at EOF.");
-
 /*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
 _ssl.MemoryBIO.read
     size as len: int = -1
     /
@@ -5112,7 +5280,7 @@ distinguish between the two.
 
 static PyObject *
 _ssl_MemoryBIO_read_impl(PySSLMemoryBIO *self, int len)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=a657aa1e79cd01b3 input=574d7be06a902366]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=a657aa1e79cd01b3 input=21046f2d7dac3a90]*/
 {
     int avail, nbytes;
     PyObject *result;
@@ -5142,6 +5310,7 @@ _ssl_MemoryBIO_read_impl(PySSLMemoryBIO *self, int len)
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
 _ssl.MemoryBIO.write
     b: Py_buffer
     /
@@ -5153,7 +5322,7 @@ Returns the number of bytes written.
 
 static PyObject *
 _ssl_MemoryBIO_write_impl(PySSLMemoryBIO *self, Py_buffer *b)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=156ec59110d75935 input=e45757b3e17c4808]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=156ec59110d75935 input=107da3f5fba26b37]*/
 {
     int nbytes;
 
@@ -5183,6 +5352,7 @@ _ssl_MemoryBIO_write_impl(PySSLMemoryBIO *self, Py_buffer *b)
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
 _ssl.MemoryBIO.write_eof
 
 Write an EOF marker to the memory BIO.
@@ -5192,7 +5362,7 @@ When all data has been read, the "eof" property will be True.
 
 static PyObject *
 _ssl_MemoryBIO_write_eof_impl(PySSLMemoryBIO *self)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=d4106276ccd1ed34 input=56a945f1d29e8bd6]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=d4106276ccd1ed34 input=1e914231b1c5900a]*/
 {
     self->eof_written = 1;
     /* After an EOF is written, a zero return from read() should be a real EOF
@@ -5204,10 +5374,8 @@ _ssl_MemoryBIO_write_eof_impl(PySSLMemoryBIO *self)
 }
 
 static PyGetSetDef memory_bio_getsetlist[] = {
-    {"pending", (getter) memory_bio_get_pending, NULL,
-                PySSL_memory_bio_pending_doc},
-    {"eof", (getter) memory_bio_get_eof, NULL,
-            PySSL_memory_bio_eof_doc},
+    _SSL_MEMORYBIO_PENDING_GETSETDEF
+    _SSL_MEMORYBIO_EOF_GETSETDEF
     {NULL},            /* sentinel */
 };
 
@@ -5327,8 +5495,16 @@ PySSLSession_clear(PySSLSession *self)
 }
 
 
+/*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
+@getter
+_ssl.SSLSession.time
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+
 static PyObject *
-PySSLSession_get_time(PySSLSession *self, void *closure) {
+_ssl_SSLSession_time_get_impl(PySSLSession *self)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=4b887b9299de9be4 input=8d1e4afd09103279]*/
+{
 #if OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x30300000L
     return _PyLong_FromTime_t(SSL_SESSION_get_time_ex(self->session));
 #else
@@ -5336,65 +5512,72 @@ PySSLSession_get_time(PySSLSession *self, void *closure) {
 #endif
 }
 
-PyDoc_STRVAR(PySSLSession_get_time_doc,
-"Session creation time (seconds since epoch).");
-
+/*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
+@getter
+_ssl.SSLSession.timeout
+[clinic start generated code]*/
 
 static PyObject *
-PySSLSession_get_timeout(PySSLSession *self, void *closure) {
-    return PyLong_FromLong(SSL_SESSION_get_timeout(self->session));
+_ssl_SSLSession_timeout_get_impl(PySSLSession *self)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=82339c148ab2f7d1 input=ae5e84a9d85df60d]*/
+{
+    long timeout = SSL_SESSION_get_timeout(self->session);
+    PyObject *res = PyLong_FromLong(timeout);
+    return res;
 }
 
-PyDoc_STRVAR(PySSLSession_get_timeout_doc,
-"Session timeout (delta in seconds).");
-
+/*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
+@getter
+_ssl.SSLSession.ticket_lifetime_hint
+[clinic start generated code]*/
 
 static PyObject *
-PySSLSession_get_ticket_lifetime_hint(PySSLSession *self, void *closure) {
+_ssl_SSLSession_ticket_lifetime_hint_get_impl(PySSLSession *self)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=c8b6db498136c275 input=d0e06942ddd8d07f]*/
+{
     unsigned long hint = SSL_SESSION_get_ticket_lifetime_hint(self->session);
     return PyLong_FromUnsignedLong(hint);
 }
 
-PyDoc_STRVAR(PySSLSession_get_ticket_lifetime_hint_doc,
-"Ticket life time hint.");
-
+/*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
+@getter
+_ssl.SSLSession.id
+[clinic start generated code]*/
 
 static PyObject *
-PySSLSession_get_session_id(PySSLSession *self, void *closure) {
+_ssl_SSLSession_id_get_impl(PySSLSession *self)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=c532fb96b10c5adf input=e7322372cf6325dd]*/
+
+{
     const unsigned char *id;
     unsigned int len;
     id = SSL_SESSION_get_id(self->session, &len);
     return PyBytes_FromStringAndSize((const char *)id, len);
 }
 
-PyDoc_STRVAR(PySSLSession_get_session_id_doc,
-"Session id");
-
+/*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
+@getter
+_ssl.SSLSession.has_ticket
+[clinic start generated code]*/
 
 static PyObject *
-PySSLSession_get_has_ticket(PySSLSession *self, void *closure) {
-    if (SSL_SESSION_has_ticket(self->session)) {
-        Py_RETURN_TRUE;
-    } else {
-        Py_RETURN_FALSE;
-    }
+_ssl_SSLSession_has_ticket_get_impl(PySSLSession *self)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=aa3ccfc40b10b96d input=1a48ae8955fa9601]*/
+{
+    int res = SSL_SESSION_has_ticket(self->session);
+    return res ? Py_True : Py_False;
 }
 
-PyDoc_STRVAR(PySSLSession_get_has_ticket_doc,
-"Does the session contain a ticket?");
-
-
 static PyGetSetDef PySSLSession_getsetlist[] = {
-    {"has_ticket", (getter) PySSLSession_get_has_ticket, NULL,
-              PySSLSession_get_has_ticket_doc},
-    {"id",   (getter) PySSLSession_get_session_id, NULL,
-              PySSLSession_get_session_id_doc},
-    {"ticket_lifetime_hint", (getter) PySSLSession_get_ticket_lifetime_hint,
-              NULL, PySSLSession_get_ticket_lifetime_hint_doc},
-    {"time", (getter) PySSLSession_get_time, NULL,
-              PySSLSession_get_time_doc},
-    {"timeout", (getter) PySSLSession_get_timeout, NULL,
-              PySSLSession_get_timeout_doc},
+    _SSL_SSLSESSION_HAS_TICKET_GETSETDEF
+    _SSL_SSLSESSION_ID_GETSETDEF
+    _SSL_SSLSESSION_TICKET_LIFETIME_HINT_GETSETDEF
+    _SSL_SSLSESSION_TIME_GETSETDEF
+    _SSL_SSLSESSION_TIMEOUT_GETSETDEF
     {NULL},            /* sentinel */
 };
 
@@ -5419,6 +5602,7 @@ static PyType_Spec PySSLSession_spec = {
 
 /* helper routines for seeding the SSL PRNG */
 /*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
 _ssl.RAND_add
     string as view: Py_buffer(accept={str, buffer})
     entropy: double
@@ -5432,7 +5616,7 @@ string.  See RFC 4086.
 
 static PyObject *
 _ssl_RAND_add_impl(PyObject *module, Py_buffer *view, double entropy)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=e6dd48df9c9024e9 input=5c33017422828f5c]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=e6dd48df9c9024e9 input=313cb73b34db31d5]*/
 {
     const char *buf;
     Py_ssize_t len, written;
@@ -5488,6 +5672,7 @@ PySSL_RAND(PyObject *module, int len, int pseudo)
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
 _ssl.RAND_bytes
     n: int
     /
@@ -5497,13 +5682,14 @@ Generate n cryptographically strong pseudo-random bytes.
 
 static PyObject *
 _ssl_RAND_bytes_impl(PyObject *module, int n)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=977da635e4838bc7 input=678ddf2872dfebfc]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=977da635e4838bc7 input=2e78ce1e86336776]*/
 {
     return PySSL_RAND(module, n, 0);
 }
 
 
 /*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
 _ssl.RAND_status
 
 Returns True if the OpenSSL PRNG has been seeded with enough data and False if not.
@@ -5514,12 +5700,13 @@ using the ssl() function.
 
 static PyObject *
 _ssl_RAND_status_impl(PyObject *module)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=7e0aaa2d39fdc1ad input=d5ae5aea52f36e01]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=7e0aaa2d39fdc1ad input=636fb5659ea2e727]*/
 {
     return PyBool_FromLong(RAND_status());
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
 _ssl.get_default_verify_paths
 
 Return search paths and environment vars that are used by SSLContext's set_default_verify_paths() to load default CAs.
@@ -5529,7 +5716,7 @@ The values are 'cert_file_env', 'cert_file', 'cert_dir_env', 'cert_dir'.
 
 static PyObject *
 _ssl_get_default_verify_paths_impl(PyObject *module)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=e5b62a466271928b input=5210c953d98c3eb5]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=e5b62a466271928b input=c6ae00bc04eb2b6e]*/
 {
     PyObject *ofile_env = NULL;
     PyObject *ofile = NULL;
@@ -5578,6 +5765,7 @@ asn1obj2py(_sslmodulestate *state, ASN1_OBJECT *obj)
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
 _ssl.txt2obj
     txt: str
     name: bool = False
@@ -5590,7 +5778,7 @@ long name are also matched.
 
 static PyObject *
 _ssl_txt2obj_impl(PyObject *module, const char *txt, int name)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=c38e3991347079c1 input=1c1e7d0aa7c48602]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=c38e3991347079c1 input=c99b134d70173c5e]*/
 {
     PyObject *result = NULL;
     ASN1_OBJECT *obj;
@@ -5606,6 +5794,7 @@ _ssl_txt2obj_impl(PyObject *module, const char *txt, int name)
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
 _ssl.nid2obj
     nid: int
     /
@@ -5615,7 +5804,7 @@ Lookup NID, short name, long name and OID of an ASN1_OBJECT by NID.
 
 static PyObject *
 _ssl_nid2obj_impl(PyObject *module, int nid)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=4a98ab691cd4f84a input=51787a3bee7d8f98]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=4a98ab691cd4f84a input=1b1170506fa83a53]*/
 {
     PyObject *result = NULL;
     ASN1_OBJECT *obj;
@@ -5767,6 +5956,7 @@ ssl_collect_certificates(const char *store_name)
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
 _ssl.enum_certificates
     store_name: str
 
@@ -5781,7 +5971,7 @@ a set of OIDs or the boolean True.
 
 static PyObject *
 _ssl_enum_certificates_impl(PyObject *module, const char *store_name)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=5134dc8bb3a3c893 input=915f60d70461ea4e]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=5134dc8bb3a3c893 input=263c22e6c6988cf3]*/
 {
     HCERTSTORE hCollectionStore = NULL;
     PCCERT_CONTEXT pCertCtx = NULL;
@@ -5866,6 +6056,7 @@ _ssl_enum_certificates_impl(PyObject *module, const char *store_name)
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
 _ssl.enum_crls
     store_name: str
 
@@ -5879,7 +6070,7 @@ X509_ASN_ENCODING or PKCS_7_ASN_ENCODING.
 
 static PyObject *
 _ssl_enum_crls_impl(PyObject *module, const char *store_name)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=bce467f60ccd03b6 input=a1f1d7629f1c5d3d]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=bce467f60ccd03b6 input=51a1b1059e55ce43]*/
 {
     HCERTSTORE hCollectionStore = NULL;
     PCCRL_CONTEXT pCrlCtx = NULL;
diff --git a/Modules/_stat.c b/Modules/_stat.c
index a4f15e8e65e894..13a2bec252f448 100644
--- a/Modules/_stat.c
+++ b/Modules/_stat.c
@@ -506,7 +506,7 @@ S_IWOTH: write by others\n\
 S_IXOTH: execute by others\n\
 \n"
 
-"UF_SETTABLE: mask of owner changable flags\n\
+"UF_SETTABLE: mask of owner changeable flags\n\
 UF_NODUMP: do not dump file\n\
 UF_IMMUTABLE: file may not be changed\n\
 UF_APPEND: file may only be appended to\n\
diff --git a/Modules/_struct.c b/Modules/_struct.c
index 905dcbdeeddc5a..21582b945be23d 100644
--- a/Modules/_struct.c
+++ b/Modules/_struct.c
@@ -12,6 +12,9 @@
 #include "pycore_long.h"          // _PyLong_AsByteArray()
 #include "pycore_moduleobject.h"  // _PyModule_GetState()
 
+#ifdef Py_HAVE_C_COMPLEX
+#  include "_complex.h"           // complex
+#endif
 #include <stddef.h>               // offsetof()
 
 /*[clinic input]
@@ -80,6 +83,10 @@ typedef struct { char c; int x; } st_int;
 typedef struct { char c; long x; } st_long;
 typedef struct { char c; float x; } st_float;
 typedef struct { char c; double x; } st_double;
+#ifdef Py_HAVE_C_COMPLEX
+typedef struct { char c; float complex x; } st_float_complex;
+typedef struct { char c; double complex x; } st_double_complex;
+#endif
 typedef struct { char c; void *x; } st_void_p;
 typedef struct { char c; size_t x; } st_size_t;
 typedef struct { char c; _Bool x; } st_bool;
@@ -89,6 +96,10 @@ typedef struct { char c; _Bool x; } st_bool;
 #define LONG_ALIGN (sizeof(st_long) - sizeof(long))
 #define FLOAT_ALIGN (sizeof(st_float) - sizeof(float))
 #define DOUBLE_ALIGN (sizeof(st_double) - sizeof(double))
+#ifdef Py_HAVE_C_COMPLEX
+#  define FLOAT_COMPLEX_ALIGN (sizeof(st_float_complex) - sizeof(float complex))
+#  define DOUBLE_COMPLEX_ALIGN (sizeof(st_double_complex) - sizeof(double complex))
+#endif
 #define VOID_P_ALIGN (sizeof(st_void_p) - sizeof(void *))
 #define SIZE_T_ALIGN (sizeof(st_size_t) - sizeof(size_t))
 #define BOOL_ALIGN (sizeof(st_bool) - sizeof(_Bool))
@@ -281,7 +292,7 @@ get_size_t(_structmodulestate *state, PyObject *v, size_t *p)
 #define RANGE_ERROR(state, f, flag) return _range_error(state, f, flag)
 
 
-/* Floating point helpers */
+/* Floating-point helpers */
 
 static PyObject *
 unpack_halffloat(const char *p,  /* start of 2-byte string */
@@ -407,7 +418,7 @@ static PyObject *
 nu_short(_structmodulestate *state, const char *p, const formatdef *f)
 {
     short x;
-    memcpy((char *)&x, p, sizeof x);
+    memcpy(&x, p, sizeof x);
     return PyLong_FromLong((long)x);
 }
 
@@ -415,7 +426,7 @@ static PyObject *
 nu_ushort(_structmodulestate *state, const char *p, const formatdef *f)
 {
     unsigned short x;
-    memcpy((char *)&x, p, sizeof x);
+    memcpy(&x, p, sizeof x);
     return PyLong_FromLong((long)x);
 }
 
@@ -423,7 +434,7 @@ static PyObject *
 nu_int(_structmodulestate *state, const char *p, const formatdef *f)
 {
     int x;
-    memcpy((char *)&x, p, sizeof x);
+    memcpy(&x, p, sizeof x);
     return PyLong_FromLong((long)x);
 }
 
@@ -431,7 +442,7 @@ static PyObject *
 nu_uint(_structmodulestate *state, const char *p, const formatdef *f)
 {
     unsigned int x;
-    memcpy((char *)&x, p, sizeof x);
+    memcpy(&x, p, sizeof x);
     return PyLong_FromUnsignedLong((unsigned long)x);
 }
 
@@ -439,7 +450,7 @@ static PyObject *
 nu_long(_structmodulestate *state, const char *p, const formatdef *f)
 {
     long x;
-    memcpy((char *)&x, p, sizeof x);
+    memcpy(&x, p, sizeof x);
     return PyLong_FromLong(x);
 }
 
@@ -447,7 +458,7 @@ static PyObject *
 nu_ulong(_structmodulestate *state, const char *p, const formatdef *f)
 {
     unsigned long x;
-    memcpy((char *)&x, p, sizeof x);
+    memcpy(&x, p, sizeof x);
     return PyLong_FromUnsignedLong(x);
 }
 
@@ -455,7 +466,7 @@ static PyObject *
 nu_ssize_t(_structmodulestate *state, const char *p, const formatdef *f)
 {
     Py_ssize_t x;
-    memcpy((char *)&x, p, sizeof x);
+    memcpy(&x, p, sizeof x);
     return PyLong_FromSsize_t(x);
 }
 
@@ -463,7 +474,7 @@ static PyObject *
 nu_size_t(_structmodulestate *state, const char *p, const formatdef *f)
 {
     size_t x;
-    memcpy((char *)&x, p, sizeof x);
+    memcpy(&x, p, sizeof x);
     return PyLong_FromSize_t(x);
 }
 
@@ -471,7 +482,7 @@ static PyObject *
 nu_longlong(_structmodulestate *state, const char *p, const formatdef *f)
 {
     long long x;
-    memcpy((char *)&x, p, sizeof x);
+    memcpy(&x, p, sizeof x);
     return PyLong_FromLongLong(x);
 }
 
@@ -479,16 +490,15 @@ static PyObject *
 nu_ulonglong(_structmodulestate *state, const char *p, const formatdef *f)
 {
     unsigned long long x;
-    memcpy((char *)&x, p, sizeof x);
+    memcpy(&x, p, sizeof x);
     return PyLong_FromUnsignedLongLong(x);
 }
 
 static PyObject *
 nu_bool(_structmodulestate *state, const char *p, const formatdef *f)
 {
-    _Bool x;
-    memcpy((char *)&x, p, sizeof x);
-    return PyBool_FromLong(x != 0);
+    const _Bool bool_false = 0;
+    return PyBool_FromLong(memcmp(p, &bool_false, sizeof(_Bool)));
 }
 
 
@@ -506,7 +516,7 @@ static PyObject *
 nu_float(_structmodulestate *state, const char *p, const formatdef *f)
 {
     float x;
-    memcpy((char *)&x, p, sizeof x);
+    memcpy(&x, p, sizeof x);
     return PyFloat_FromDouble((double)x);
 }
 
@@ -514,15 +524,35 @@ static PyObject *
 nu_double(_structmodulestate *state, const char *p, const formatdef *f)
 {
     double x;
-    memcpy((char *)&x, p, sizeof x);
+    memcpy(&x, p, sizeof x);
     return PyFloat_FromDouble(x);
 }
 
+#ifdef Py_HAVE_C_COMPLEX
+static PyObject *
+nu_float_complex(_structmodulestate *state, const char *p, const formatdef *f)
+{
+    float complex x;
+
+    memcpy(&x, p, sizeof(x));
+    return PyComplex_FromDoubles(creal(x), cimag(x));
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+nu_double_complex(_structmodulestate *state, const char *p, const formatdef *f)
+{
+    double complex x;
+
+    memcpy(&x, p, sizeof(x));
+    return PyComplex_FromDoubles(creal(x), cimag(x));
+}
+#endif
+
 static PyObject *
 nu_void_p(_structmodulestate *state, const char *p, const formatdef *f)
 {
     void *x;
-    memcpy((char *)&x, p, sizeof x);
+    memcpy(&x, p, sizeof x);
     return PyLong_FromVoidPtr(x);
 }
 
@@ -587,7 +617,7 @@ np_short(_structmodulestate *state, char *p, PyObject *v, const formatdef *f)
         RANGE_ERROR(state, f, 0);
     }
     y = (short)x;
-    memcpy(p, (char *)&y, sizeof y);
+    memcpy(p, &y, sizeof y);
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -606,7 +636,7 @@ np_ushort(_structmodulestate *state, char *p, PyObject *v, const formatdef *f)
         RANGE_ERROR(state, f, 1);
     }
     y = (unsigned short)x;
-    memcpy(p, (char *)&y, sizeof y);
+    memcpy(p, &y, sizeof y);
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -626,7 +656,7 @@ np_int(_structmodulestate *state, char *p, PyObject *v, const formatdef *f)
         RANGE_ERROR(state, f, 0);
 #endif
     y = (int)x;
-    memcpy(p, (char *)&y, sizeof y);
+    memcpy(p, &y, sizeof y);
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -646,7 +676,7 @@ np_uint(_structmodulestate *state, char *p, PyObject *v, const formatdef *f)
     if (x > ((unsigned long)UINT_MAX))
         RANGE_ERROR(state, f, 1);
 #endif
-    memcpy(p, (char *)&y, sizeof y);
+    memcpy(p, &y, sizeof y);
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -660,7 +690,7 @@ np_long(_structmodulestate *state, char *p, PyObject *v, const formatdef *f)
         }
         return -1;
     }
-    memcpy(p, (char *)&x, sizeof x);
+    memcpy(p, &x, sizeof x);
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -674,7 +704,7 @@ np_ulong(_structmodulestate *state, char *p, PyObject *v, const formatdef *f)
         }
         return -1;
     }
-    memcpy(p, (char *)&x, sizeof x);
+    memcpy(p, &x, sizeof x);
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -688,7 +718,7 @@ np_ssize_t(_structmodulestate *state, char *p, PyObject *v, const formatdef *f)
         }
         return -1;
     }
-    memcpy(p, (char *)&x, sizeof x);
+    memcpy(p, &x, sizeof x);
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -702,7 +732,7 @@ np_size_t(_structmodulestate *state, char *p, PyObject *v, const formatdef *f)
         }
         return -1;
     }
-    memcpy(p, (char *)&x, sizeof x);
+    memcpy(p, &x, sizeof x);
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -720,7 +750,7 @@ np_longlong(_structmodulestate *state, char *p, PyObject *v, const formatdef *f)
         }
         return -1;
     }
-    memcpy(p, (char *)&x, sizeof x);
+    memcpy(p, &x, sizeof x);
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -737,7 +767,7 @@ np_ulonglong(_structmodulestate *state, char *p, PyObject *v, const formatdef *f
         }
         return -1;
     }
-    memcpy(p, (char *)&x, sizeof x);
+    memcpy(p, &x, sizeof x);
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -751,7 +781,7 @@ np_bool(_structmodulestate *state, char *p, PyObject *v, const formatdef *f)
     if (y < 0)
         return -1;
     x = y;
-    memcpy(p, (char *)&x, sizeof x);
+    memcpy(p, &x, sizeof x);
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -774,7 +804,7 @@ np_float(_structmodulestate *state, char *p, PyObject *v, const formatdef *f)
                         "required argument is not a float");
         return -1;
     }
-    memcpy(p, (char *)&x, sizeof x);
+    memcpy(p, &x, sizeof x);
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -787,10 +817,62 @@ np_double(_structmodulestate *state, char *p, PyObject *v, const formatdef *f)
                         "required argument is not a float");
         return -1;
     }
-    memcpy(p, (char *)&x, sizeof(double));
+    memcpy(p, &x, sizeof(double));
+    return 0;
+}
+
+#ifdef Py_HAVE_C_COMPLEX
+static int
+np_float_complex(_structmodulestate *state, char *p, PyObject *v,
+                 const formatdef *f)
+{
+    Py_complex c = PyComplex_AsCComplex(v);
+    float complex x = CMPLXF((float)c.real, (float)c.imag);
+
+    if (c.real == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        PyErr_SetString(state->StructError,
+                        "required argument is not a complex");
+        return -1;
+    }
+    memcpy(p, &x, sizeof(x));
     return 0;
 }
 
+static int
+np_double_complex(_structmodulestate *state, char *p, PyObject *v,
+                  const formatdef *f)
+{
+    Py_complex c = PyComplex_AsCComplex(v);
+    double complex x = CMPLX(c.real, c.imag);
+
+    if (c.real == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        PyErr_SetString(state->StructError,
+                        "required argument is not a complex");
+        return -1;
+    }
+    memcpy(p, &x, sizeof(x));
+    return 0;
+}
+#else
+static int
+np_complex_stub(_structmodulestate *state, char *p, PyObject *v,
+                const formatdef *f)
+{
+    PyErr_Format(state->StructError,
+                 "'%c' format not supported on this system",
+                 f->format);
+    return -1;
+}
+static PyObject *
+nu_complex_stub(_structmodulestate *state, const char *p, const formatdef *f)
+{
+    PyErr_Format(state->StructError,
+                 "'%c' format not supported on this system",
+                 f->format);
+    return NULL;
+}
+#endif
+
 static int
 np_void_p(_structmodulestate *state, char *p, PyObject *v, const formatdef *f)
 {
@@ -804,7 +886,7 @@ np_void_p(_structmodulestate *state, char *p, PyObject *v, const formatdef *f)
     Py_DECREF(v);
     if (x == NULL && PyErr_Occurred())
         return -1;
-    memcpy(p, (char *)&x, sizeof x);
+    memcpy(p, &x, sizeof x);
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -829,6 +911,13 @@ static const formatdef native_table[] = {
     {'e',       sizeof(short),  SHORT_ALIGN,    nu_halffloat,   np_halffloat},
     {'f',       sizeof(float),  FLOAT_ALIGN,    nu_float,       np_float},
     {'d',       sizeof(double), DOUBLE_ALIGN,   nu_double,      np_double},
+#ifdef Py_HAVE_C_COMPLEX
+    {'E',       sizeof(float complex), FLOAT_COMPLEX_ALIGN, nu_float_complex, np_float_complex},
+    {'C',       sizeof(double complex), DOUBLE_COMPLEX_ALIGN, nu_double_complex, np_double_complex},
+#else
+    {'E',       1, 0, nu_complex_stub, np_complex_stub},
+    {'C',       1, 0, nu_complex_stub, np_complex_stub},
+#endif
     {'P',       sizeof(void *), VOID_P_ALIGN,   nu_void_p,      np_void_p},
     {0}
 };
@@ -929,6 +1018,38 @@ bu_double(_structmodulestate *state, const char *p, const formatdef *f)
     return unpack_double(p, 0);
 }
 
+#ifdef Py_HAVE_C_COMPLEX
+static PyObject *
+bu_float_complex(_structmodulestate *state, const char *p, const formatdef *f)
+{
+    double x = PyFloat_Unpack4(p, 0);
+    if (x == -1.0 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    double y = PyFloat_Unpack4(p + 4, 0);
+    if (y == -1.0 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    return PyComplex_FromDoubles(x, y);
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+bu_double_complex(_structmodulestate *state, const char *p, const formatdef *f)
+{
+    double x, y;
+
+    x = PyFloat_Unpack8(p, 0);
+    if (x == -1.0 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    y = PyFloat_Unpack8(p + 8, 0);
+    if (y == -1.0 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    return PyComplex_FromDoubles(x, y);
+}
+#endif
+
 static PyObject *
 bu_bool(_structmodulestate *state, const char *p, const formatdef *f)
 {
@@ -1068,6 +1189,38 @@ bp_double(_structmodulestate *state, char *p, PyObject *v, const formatdef *f)
     return PyFloat_Pack8(x, p, 0);
 }
 
+#ifdef Py_HAVE_C_COMPLEX
+static int
+bp_float_complex(_structmodulestate *state, char *p, PyObject *v, const formatdef *f)
+{
+    Py_complex x = PyComplex_AsCComplex(v);
+    if (x.real == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        PyErr_SetString(state->StructError,
+                        "required argument is not a complex");
+        return -1;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Pack4(x.real, p, 0)) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    return PyFloat_Pack4(x.imag, p + 4, 0);
+}
+
+static int
+bp_double_complex(_structmodulestate *state, char *p, PyObject *v, const formatdef *f)
+{
+    Py_complex x = PyComplex_AsCComplex(v);
+    if (x.real == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        PyErr_SetString(state->StructError,
+                        "required argument is not a complex");
+        return -1;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Pack8(x.real, p, 0)) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    return PyFloat_Pack8(x.imag, p + 8, 0);
+}
+#endif
+
 static int
 bp_bool(_structmodulestate *state, char *p, PyObject *v, const formatdef *f)
 {
@@ -1098,6 +1251,13 @@ static formatdef bigendian_table[] = {
     {'e',       2,              0,              bu_halffloat,   bp_halffloat},
     {'f',       4,              0,              bu_float,       bp_float},
     {'d',       8,              0,              bu_double,      bp_double},
+#ifdef Py_HAVE_C_COMPLEX
+    {'E',       8,              0,              bu_float_complex, bp_float_complex},
+    {'C',       16,             0,              bu_double_complex, bp_double_complex},
+#else
+    {'E',       1,              0,              nu_complex_stub, np_complex_stub},
+    {'C',       1,              0,              nu_complex_stub, np_complex_stub},
+#endif
     {0}
 };
 
@@ -1197,6 +1357,38 @@ lu_double(_structmodulestate *state, const char *p, const formatdef *f)
     return unpack_double(p, 1);
 }
 
+#ifdef Py_HAVE_C_COMPLEX
+static PyObject *
+lu_float_complex(_structmodulestate *state, const char *p, const formatdef *f)
+{
+    double x = PyFloat_Unpack4(p, 1);
+    if (x == -1.0 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    double y = PyFloat_Unpack4(p + 4, 1);
+    if (y == -1.0 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    return PyComplex_FromDoubles(x, y);
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+lu_double_complex(_structmodulestate *state, const char *p, const formatdef *f)
+{
+    double x, y;
+
+    x = PyFloat_Unpack8(p, 1);
+    if (x == -1.0 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    y = PyFloat_Unpack8(p + 8, 1);
+    if (y == -1.0 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    return PyComplex_FromDoubles(x, y);
+}
+#endif
+
 static int
 lp_int(_structmodulestate *state, char *p, PyObject *v, const formatdef *f)
 {
@@ -1330,6 +1522,39 @@ lp_double(_structmodulestate *state, char *p, PyObject *v, const formatdef *f)
     return PyFloat_Pack8(x, p, 1);
 }
 
+#ifdef Py_HAVE_C_COMPLEX
+static int
+lp_float_complex(_structmodulestate *state, char *p, PyObject *v, const formatdef *f)
+{
+    Py_complex x = PyComplex_AsCComplex(v);
+    if (x.real == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        PyErr_SetString(state->StructError,
+                        "required argument is not a complex");
+        return -1;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Pack4(x.real, p, 1)) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    return PyFloat_Pack4(x.imag, p + 4, 1);
+
+}
+
+static int
+lp_double_complex(_structmodulestate *state, char *p, PyObject *v, const formatdef *f)
+{
+    Py_complex x = PyComplex_AsCComplex(v);
+    if (x.real == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        PyErr_SetString(state->StructError,
+                        "required argument is not a complex");
+        return -1;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Pack8(x.real, p, 1)) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    return PyFloat_Pack8(x.imag, p + 8, 1);
+}
+#endif
+
 static formatdef lilendian_table[] = {
     {'x',       1,              0,              NULL},
     {'b',       1,              0,              nu_byte,        np_byte},
@@ -1350,6 +1575,13 @@ static formatdef lilendian_table[] = {
     {'e',       2,              0,              lu_halffloat,   lp_halffloat},
     {'f',       4,              0,              lu_float,       lp_float},
     {'d',       8,              0,              lu_double,      lp_double},
+#ifdef Py_HAVE_C_COMPLEX
+    {'E',       8,              0,              lu_float_complex, lp_float_complex},
+    {'C',       16,             0,              lu_double_complex, lp_double_complex},
+#else
+    {'E',       1,              0,              nu_complex_stub, np_complex_stub},
+    {'C',       1,              0,              nu_complex_stub, np_complex_stub},
+#endif
     {0}
 };
 
@@ -1373,7 +1605,7 @@ whichtable(const char **pfmt)
     }
     default:
         --*pfmt; /* Back out of pointer increment */
-        /* Fall through */
+        _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
     case '@':
         return native_table;
     }
@@ -1475,7 +1707,7 @@ prepare_s(PyStructObject *self)
             return -1;
 
         switch (c) {
-            case 's': /* fall through */
+            case 's': _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
             case 'p': len++; ncodes++; break;
             case 'x': break;
             default: len += num; if (num) ncodes++; break;
@@ -1669,9 +1901,16 @@ s_unpack_internal(PyStructObject *soself, const char *startfrom,
             if (e->format == 's') {
                 v = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(res, code->size);
             } else if (e->format == 'p') {
-                Py_ssize_t n = *(unsigned char*)res;
-                if (n >= code->size)
-                    n = code->size - 1;
+                Py_ssize_t n;
+                if (code->size == 0) {
+                    n = 0;
+                }
+                else {
+                    n = *(unsigned char*)res;
+                    if (n >= code->size) {
+                        n = code->size - 1;
+                    }
+                }
                 v = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(res + 1, n);
             } else {
                 v = e->unpack(state, res, e);
@@ -1982,8 +2221,12 @@ s_pack_internal(PyStructObject *soself, PyObject *const *args, int offset,
                     n = PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(v);
                     p = PyByteArray_AS_STRING(v);
                 }
-                if (n > (code->size - 1))
+                if (code->size == 0) {
+                    n = 0;
+                }
+                else if (n > (code->size - 1)) {
                     n = code->size - 1;
+                }
                 if (n > 0)
                     memcpy(res + 1, p, n);
                 if (n > 255)
diff --git a/Modules/_testbuffer.c b/Modules/_testbuffer.c
index 54ee468803261a..b47bc8a830cb5e 100644
--- a/Modules/_testbuffer.c
+++ b/Modules/_testbuffer.c
@@ -24,11 +24,13 @@ static PyTypeObject NDArray_Type;
 #define NDArray_Check(v) Py_IS_TYPE(v, &NDArray_Type)
 
 #define CHECK_LIST_OR_TUPLE(v) \
-    if (!PyList_Check(v) && !PyTuple_Check(v)) { \
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,         \
-            #v " must be a list or a tuple");    \
-        return NULL;                             \
-    }                                            \
+    do { \
+        if (!PyList_Check(v) && !PyTuple_Check(v)) { \
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, \
+                            #v " must be a list or a tuple"); \
+            return NULL; \
+        } \
+    } while (0)
 
 #define PyMem_XFree(v) \
     do { if (v) PyMem_Free(v); } while (0)
@@ -1180,7 +1182,7 @@ init_ndbuf(PyObject *items, PyObject *shape, PyObject *strides,
     Py_ssize_t itemsize;
 
     /* ndim = len(shape) */
-    CHECK_LIST_OR_TUPLE(shape)
+    CHECK_LIST_OR_TUPLE(shape);
     ndim = PySequence_Fast_GET_SIZE(shape);
     if (ndim > ND_MAX_NDIM) {
         PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
@@ -1190,7 +1192,7 @@ init_ndbuf(PyObject *items, PyObject *shape, PyObject *strides,
 
     /* len(strides) = len(shape) */
     if (strides) {
-        CHECK_LIST_OR_TUPLE(strides)
+        CHECK_LIST_OR_TUPLE(strides);
         if (PySequence_Fast_GET_SIZE(strides) == 0)
             strides = NULL;
         else if (flags & ND_FORTRAN) {
@@ -1222,7 +1224,7 @@ init_ndbuf(PyObject *items, PyObject *shape, PyObject *strides,
             return NULL;
     }
     else {
-        CHECK_LIST_OR_TUPLE(items)
+        CHECK_LIST_OR_TUPLE(items);
         Py_INCREF(items);
     }
 
diff --git a/Modules/_testcapi/abstract.c b/Modules/_testcapi/abstract.c
index b126aee5b9777b..8c2c7137cdce40 100644
--- a/Modules/_testcapi/abstract.c
+++ b/Modules/_testcapi/abstract.c
@@ -129,6 +129,33 @@ mapping_getoptionalitem(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
     }
 }
 
+static PyObject *
+pyiter_next(PyObject *self, PyObject *iter)
+{
+    PyObject *item = PyIter_Next(iter);
+    if (item == NULL && !PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        Py_RETURN_NONE;
+    }
+    return item;
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+pyiter_nextitem(PyObject *self, PyObject *iter)
+{
+    PyObject *item;
+    int rc = PyIter_NextItem(iter, &item);
+    if (rc < 0) {
+        assert(PyErr_Occurred());
+        assert(item == NULL);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    assert(!PyErr_Occurred());
+    if (item == NULL) {
+        Py_RETURN_NONE;
+    }
+    return item;
+}
+
 
 static PyMethodDef test_methods[] = {
     {"object_getoptionalattr", object_getoptionalattr, METH_VARARGS},
@@ -138,6 +165,8 @@ static PyMethodDef test_methods[] = {
     {"mapping_getoptionalitem", mapping_getoptionalitem, METH_VARARGS},
     {"mapping_getoptionalitemstring", mapping_getoptionalitemstring, METH_VARARGS},
 
+    {"PyIter_Next", pyiter_next, METH_O},
+    {"PyIter_NextItem", pyiter_nextitem, METH_O},
     {NULL},
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/_testcapi/bytes.c b/Modules/_testcapi/bytes.c
index 02294d8887abb7..33903de14ba68d 100644
--- a/Modules/_testcapi/bytes.c
+++ b/Modules/_testcapi/bytes.c
@@ -37,8 +37,23 @@ bytes_resize(PyObject *Py_UNUSED(module), PyObject *args)
 }
 
 
+/* Test PyBytes_Join() */
+static PyObject *
+bytes_join(PyObject *Py_UNUSED(module), PyObject *args)
+{
+    PyObject *sep, *iterable;
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "OO", &sep, &iterable)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    NULLABLE(sep);
+    NULLABLE(iterable);
+    return PyBytes_Join(sep, iterable);
+}
+
+
 static PyMethodDef test_methods[] = {
     {"bytes_resize", bytes_resize, METH_VARARGS},
+    {"bytes_join", bytes_join, METH_VARARGS},
     {NULL},
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/_testcapi/codec.c b/Modules/_testcapi/codec.c
index d13f51e20331a1..e27e64e066c458 100644
--- a/Modules/_testcapi/codec.c
+++ b/Modules/_testcapi/codec.c
@@ -1,15 +1,219 @@
 #include "parts.h"
 #include "util.h"
 
+// === Codecs registration and un-registration ================================
+
+static PyObject *
+codec_register(PyObject *Py_UNUSED(module), PyObject *search_function)
+{
+    if (PyCodec_Register(search_function) < 0) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+codec_unregister(PyObject *Py_UNUSED(module), PyObject *search_function)
+{
+    if (PyCodec_Unregister(search_function) < 0) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+codec_known_encoding(PyObject *Py_UNUSED(module), PyObject *args)
+{
+    const char *NULL_WOULD_RAISE(encoding); // NULL case will be tested
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "z", &encoding)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    return PyCodec_KnownEncoding(encoding) ? Py_True : Py_False;
+}
+
+// === Codecs encoding and decoding interfaces ================================
+
+static PyObject *
+codec_encode(PyObject *Py_UNUSED(module), PyObject *args)
+{
+    PyObject *input;
+    const char *NULL_WOULD_RAISE(encoding); // NULL case will be tested
+    const char *errors;                     // can be NULL
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O|zz", &input, &encoding, &errors)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    return PyCodec_Encode(input, encoding, errors);
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+codec_decode(PyObject *Py_UNUSED(module), PyObject *args)
+{
+    PyObject *input;
+    const char *NULL_WOULD_RAISE(encoding); // NULL case will be tested
+    const char *errors;                     // can be NULL
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O|zz", &input, &encoding, &errors)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    return PyCodec_Decode(input, encoding, errors);
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+codec_encoder(PyObject *Py_UNUSED(module), PyObject *args)
+{
+    const char *NULL_WOULD_RAISE(encoding); // NULL case will be tested
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "z", &encoding)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    return PyCodec_Encoder(encoding);
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+codec_decoder(PyObject *Py_UNUSED(module), PyObject *args)
+{
+    const char *NULL_WOULD_RAISE(encoding); // NULL case will be tested
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "z", &encoding)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    return PyCodec_Decoder(encoding);
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+codec_incremental_encoder(PyObject *Py_UNUSED(module), PyObject *args)
+{
+    const char *NULL_WOULD_RAISE(encoding); // NULL case will be tested
+    const char *errors;                     // can be NULL
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "zz", &encoding, &errors)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    return PyCodec_IncrementalEncoder(encoding, errors);
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+codec_incremental_decoder(PyObject *Py_UNUSED(module), PyObject *args)
+{
+    const char *NULL_WOULD_RAISE(encoding); // NULL case will be tested
+    const char *errors;                     // can be NULL
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "zz", &encoding, &errors)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    return PyCodec_IncrementalDecoder(encoding, errors);
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+codec_stream_reader(PyObject *Py_UNUSED(module), PyObject *args)
+{
+    const char *NULL_WOULD_RAISE(encoding); // NULL case will be tested
+    PyObject *stream;
+    const char *errors;                     // can be NULL
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "zOz", &encoding, &stream, &errors)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    return PyCodec_StreamReader(encoding, stream, errors);
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+codec_stream_writer(PyObject *Py_UNUSED(module), PyObject *args)
+{
+    const char *NULL_WOULD_RAISE(encoding); // NULL case will be tested
+    PyObject *stream;
+    const char *errors;                     // can be NULL
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "zOz", &encoding, &stream, &errors)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    return PyCodec_StreamWriter(encoding, stream, errors);
+}
+
+// === Codecs errors handlers =================================================
+
+static PyObject *
+codec_register_error(PyObject *Py_UNUSED(module), PyObject *args)
+{
+    const char *encoding;   // must not be NULL
+    PyObject *error;
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "sO", &encoding, &error)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if (PyCodec_RegisterError(encoding, error) < 0) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+codec_lookup_error(PyObject *Py_UNUSED(module), PyObject *args)
+{
+    const char *NULL_WOULD_RAISE(encoding); // NULL case will be tested
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "z", &encoding)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    return PyCodec_LookupError(encoding);
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+codec_strict_errors(PyObject *Py_UNUSED(module), PyObject *exc)
+{
+    assert(exc != NULL);
+    return PyCodec_StrictErrors(exc);
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+codec_ignore_errors(PyObject *Py_UNUSED(module), PyObject *exc)
+{
+    assert(exc != NULL);
+    return PyCodec_IgnoreErrors(exc);
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+codec_replace_errors(PyObject *Py_UNUSED(module), PyObject *exc)
+{
+    assert(exc != NULL);
+    return PyCodec_ReplaceErrors(exc);
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+codec_xmlcharrefreplace_errors(PyObject *Py_UNUSED(module), PyObject *exc)
+{
+    assert(exc != NULL);
+    return PyCodec_XMLCharRefReplaceErrors(exc);
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+codec_backslashreplace_errors(PyObject *Py_UNUSED(module), PyObject *exc)
+{
+    assert(exc != NULL);
+    return PyCodec_BackslashReplaceErrors(exc);
+}
 
 static PyMethodDef test_methods[] = {
-    {NULL},
+    /* codecs registration */
+    {"codec_register", codec_register, METH_O},
+    {"codec_unregister", codec_unregister, METH_O},
+    {"codec_known_encoding", codec_known_encoding, METH_VARARGS},
+    /* encoding and decoding interface */
+    {"codec_encode", codec_encode, METH_VARARGS},
+    {"codec_decode", codec_decode, METH_VARARGS},
+    {"codec_encoder", codec_encoder, METH_VARARGS},
+    {"codec_decoder", codec_decoder, METH_VARARGS},
+    {"codec_incremental_encoder", codec_incremental_encoder, METH_VARARGS},
+    {"codec_incremental_decoder", codec_incremental_decoder, METH_VARARGS},
+    {"codec_stream_reader", codec_stream_reader, METH_VARARGS},
+    {"codec_stream_writer", codec_stream_writer, METH_VARARGS},
+    /* error handling */
+    {"codec_register_error", codec_register_error, METH_VARARGS},
+    {"codec_lookup_error", codec_lookup_error, METH_VARARGS},
+    {"codec_strict_errors", codec_strict_errors, METH_O},
+    {"codec_ignore_errors", codec_ignore_errors, METH_O},
+    {"codec_replace_errors", codec_replace_errors, METH_O},
+    {"codec_xmlcharrefreplace_errors", codec_xmlcharrefreplace_errors, METH_O},
+    {"codec_backslashreplace_errors", codec_backslashreplace_errors, METH_O},
+    // PyCodec_NameReplaceErrors() is tested in _testlimitedcapi/codec.c
+    {NULL, NULL, 0, NULL},
 };
 
 int
 _PyTestCapi_Init_Codec(PyObject *m)
 {
-    if (PyModule_AddFunctions(m, test_methods) < 0){
+    if (PyModule_AddFunctions(m, test_methods) < 0) {
         return -1;
     }
 
diff --git a/Modules/_testcapi/config.c b/Modules/_testcapi/config.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..bb3b7e88953a53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Modules/_testcapi/config.c
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+#include "parts.h"
+
+
+static PyObject *
+_testcapi_config_get(PyObject *module, PyObject *name_obj)
+{
+    const char *name;
+    if (PyArg_Parse(name_obj, "s", &name) < 0) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    return PyConfig_Get(name);
+}
+
+
+static PyObject *
+_testcapi_config_getint(PyObject *module, PyObject *name_obj)
+{
+    const char *name;
+    if (PyArg_Parse(name_obj, "s", &name) < 0) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    int value;
+    if (PyConfig_GetInt(name, &value) < 0) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    return PyLong_FromLong(value);
+}
+
+
+static PyObject *
+_testcapi_config_names(PyObject *module, PyObject* Py_UNUSED(args))
+{
+    return PyConfig_Names();
+}
+
+
+static PyObject *
+_testcapi_config_set(PyObject *module, PyObject *args)
+{
+    const char *name;
+    PyObject *value;
+    if (PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "sO", &name, &value) < 0) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    int res = PyConfig_Set(name, value);
+    if (res < 0) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
+}
+
+
+static PyMethodDef test_methods[] = {
+    {"config_get", _testcapi_config_get, METH_O},
+    {"config_getint", _testcapi_config_getint, METH_O},
+    {"config_names", _testcapi_config_names, METH_NOARGS},
+    {"config_set", _testcapi_config_set, METH_VARARGS},
+    {NULL}
+};
+
+int
+_PyTestCapi_Init_Config(PyObject *mod)
+{
+    return PyModule_AddFunctions(mod, test_methods);
+}
diff --git a/Modules/_testcapi/datetime.c b/Modules/_testcapi/datetime.c
index b1796039f0d83a..b800f9b8eb3473 100644
--- a/Modules/_testcapi/datetime.c
+++ b/Modules/_testcapi/datetime.c
@@ -22,10 +22,17 @@ test_datetime_capi(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
     test_run_counter++;
     PyDateTime_IMPORT;
 
-    if (PyDateTimeAPI) {
-        Py_RETURN_NONE;
+    if (PyDateTimeAPI == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
     }
-    return NULL;
+    // The following C API types need to outlive interpreters, since the
+    // borrowed references to them can be held by users without being updated.
+    assert(!PyType_HasFeature(PyDateTimeAPI->DateType, Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE));
+    assert(!PyType_HasFeature(PyDateTimeAPI->TimeType, Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE));
+    assert(!PyType_HasFeature(PyDateTimeAPI->DateTimeType, Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE));
+    assert(!PyType_HasFeature(PyDateTimeAPI->DeltaType, Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE));
+    assert(!PyType_HasFeature(PyDateTimeAPI->TZInfoType, Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE));
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
 }
 
 /* Functions exposing the C API type checking for testing */
@@ -122,7 +129,7 @@ static PyObject *
 get_timezones_offset_zero(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
 {
     PyObject *offset = PyDelta_FromDSU(0, 0, 0);
-    PyObject *name = PyUnicode_FromString("");
+    PyObject *name = Py_GetConstant(Py_CONSTANT_EMPTY_STR);
     if (offset == NULL || name == NULL) {
         Py_XDECREF(offset);
         Py_XDECREF(name);
@@ -479,3 +486,38 @@ _PyTestCapi_Init_DateTime(PyObject *mod)
     }
     return 0;
 }
+
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ * Test module for subinterpreters.
+ */
+
+static int
+_testcapi_datetime_exec(PyObject *mod)
+{
+    if (test_datetime_capi(NULL, NULL) == NULL)  {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static PyModuleDef_Slot _testcapi_datetime_slots[] = {
+    {Py_mod_exec, _testcapi_datetime_exec},
+    {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
+    {0, NULL},
+};
+
+static struct PyModuleDef _testcapi_datetime_module = {
+    PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,
+    .m_name = "_testcapi_datetime",
+    .m_size = 0,
+    .m_methods = test_methods,
+    .m_slots = _testcapi_datetime_slots,
+};
+
+PyMODINIT_FUNC
+PyInit__testcapi_datetime(void)
+{
+    return PyModuleDef_Init(&_testcapi_datetime_module);
+}
diff --git a/Modules/_testcapi/dict.c b/Modules/_testcapi/dict.c
index e80d898118daa5..307797f98f12ae 100644
--- a/Modules/_testcapi/dict.c
+++ b/Modules/_testcapi/dict.c
@@ -181,19 +181,6 @@ dict_popstring_null(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
     RETURN_INT(PyDict_PopString(dict, key,  NULL));
 }
 
-static PyObject *
-dict_version(PyObject *self, PyObject *dict)
-{
-    if (!PyDict_Check(dict)) {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "expected dict");
-        return NULL;
-    }
-_Py_COMP_DIAG_PUSH
-_Py_COMP_DIAG_IGNORE_DEPR_DECLS
-    return PyLong_FromUnsignedLongLong(((PyDictObject *)dict)->ma_version_tag);
-_Py_COMP_DIAG_POP
-}
-
 static PyMethodDef test_methods[] = {
     {"dict_containsstring", dict_containsstring, METH_VARARGS},
     {"dict_getitemref", dict_getitemref, METH_VARARGS},
@@ -204,7 +191,6 @@ static PyMethodDef test_methods[] = {
     {"dict_pop_null", dict_pop_null, METH_VARARGS},
     {"dict_popstring", dict_popstring, METH_VARARGS},
     {"dict_popstring_null", dict_popstring_null, METH_VARARGS},
-    {"dict_version", dict_version, METH_O},
     {NULL},
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/_testcapi/exceptions.c b/Modules/_testcapi/exceptions.c
index 42a9915143e6fa..316ef0e7ad7e55 100644
--- a/Modules/_testcapi/exceptions.c
+++ b/Modules/_testcapi/exceptions.c
@@ -34,11 +34,11 @@ err_restore(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) {
         case 3:
             traceback = PyTuple_GetItem(args, 2);
             Py_INCREF(traceback);
-            /* fall through */
+            _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
         case 2:
             value = PyTuple_GetItem(args, 1);
             Py_INCREF(value);
-            /* fall through */
+            _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
         case 1:
             type = PyTuple_GetItem(args, 0);
             Py_INCREF(type);
diff --git a/Modules/_testcapi/gc.c b/Modules/_testcapi/gc.c
index b472a4185a98af..7e33e0d4861e84 100644
--- a/Modules/_testcapi/gc.c
+++ b/Modules/_testcapi/gc.c
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ without_gc(PyObject *Py_UNUSED(self), PyObject *obj)
     if (PyType_IS_GC(tp)) {
         // Don't try this at home, kids:
         tp->tp_flags -= Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC;
-        tp->tp_free = PyObject_Del;
+        tp->tp_free = PyObject_Free;
         tp->tp_traverse = NULL;
         tp->tp_clear = NULL;
     }
diff --git a/Modules/_testcapi/hash.c b/Modules/_testcapi/hash.c
index 809d537bfef0d3..1525344a93fbcf 100644
--- a/Modules/_testcapi/hash.c
+++ b/Modules/_testcapi/hash.c
@@ -45,6 +45,14 @@ hash_getfuncdef(PyObject *Py_UNUSED(module), PyObject *Py_UNUSED(args))
 }
 
 
+static PyObject *
+long_from_hash(Py_hash_t hash)
+{
+    Py_BUILD_ASSERT(sizeof(long long) >= sizeof(hash));
+    return PyLong_FromLongLong(hash);
+}
+
+
 static PyObject *
 hash_pointer(PyObject *Py_UNUSED(module), PyObject *arg)
 {
@@ -54,8 +62,21 @@ hash_pointer(PyObject *Py_UNUSED(module), PyObject *arg)
     }
 
     Py_hash_t hash = Py_HashPointer(ptr);
-    Py_BUILD_ASSERT(sizeof(long long) >= sizeof(hash));
-    return PyLong_FromLongLong(hash);
+    return long_from_hash(hash);
+}
+
+
+static PyObject *
+hash_buffer(PyObject *Py_UNUSED(module), PyObject *args)
+{
+    char *ptr;
+    Py_ssize_t len;
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "y#", &ptr, &len)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    Py_hash_t hash = Py_HashBuffer(ptr, len);
+    return long_from_hash(hash);
 }
 
 
@@ -64,14 +85,14 @@ object_generichash(PyObject *Py_UNUSED(module), PyObject *arg)
 {
     NULLABLE(arg);
     Py_hash_t hash = PyObject_GenericHash(arg);
-    Py_BUILD_ASSERT(sizeof(long long) >= sizeof(hash));
-    return PyLong_FromLongLong(hash);
+    return long_from_hash(hash);
 }
 
 
 static PyMethodDef test_methods[] = {
     {"hash_getfuncdef", hash_getfuncdef, METH_NOARGS},
     {"hash_pointer", hash_pointer, METH_O},
+    {"hash_buffer", hash_buffer, METH_VARARGS},
     {"object_generichash", object_generichash, METH_O},
     {NULL},
 };
diff --git a/Modules/_testcapi/heaptype.c b/Modules/_testcapi/heaptype.c
index 4526583a8059d9..cc88147dfcd7fb 100644
--- a/Modules/_testcapi/heaptype.c
+++ b/Modules/_testcapi/heaptype.c
@@ -269,16 +269,16 @@ test_type_from_ephemeral_spec(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
     // (Explicitly overwrite memory before freeing,
     // so bugs show themselves even without the debug allocator's help.)
     memset(spec, 0xdd, sizeof(PyType_Spec));
-    PyMem_Del(spec);
+    PyMem_Free(spec);
     spec = NULL;
     memset(name, 0xdd, sizeof(NAME));
-    PyMem_Del(name);
+    PyMem_Free(name);
     name = NULL;
     memset(doc, 0xdd, sizeof(DOC));
-    PyMem_Del(doc);
+    PyMem_Free(doc);
     doc = NULL;
     memset(slots, 0xdd, 3 * sizeof(PyType_Slot));
-    PyMem_Del(slots);
+    PyMem_Free(slots);
     slots = NULL;
 
     /* check that everything works */
@@ -304,10 +304,10 @@ test_type_from_ephemeral_spec(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 
     result = Py_NewRef(Py_None);
   finally:
-    PyMem_Del(spec);
-    PyMem_Del(name);
-    PyMem_Del(doc);
-    PyMem_Del(slots);
+    PyMem_Free(spec);
+    PyMem_Free(name);
+    PyMem_Free(doc);
+    PyMem_Free(slots);
     Py_XDECREF(class);
     Py_XDECREF(instance);
     Py_XDECREF(obj);
@@ -410,6 +410,118 @@ pyobject_getitemdata(PyObject *self, PyObject *o)
 }
 
 
+static PyObject *
+create_type_with_token(PyObject *module, PyObject *args)
+{
+    const char *name;
+    PyObject *py_token;
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "sO", &name, &py_token)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    void *token = PyLong_AsVoidPtr(py_token);
+    if (token == Py_TP_USE_SPEC) {
+        // Py_TP_USE_SPEC requires the spec that at least outlives the class
+        static PyType_Slot slots[] = {
+            {Py_tp_token, Py_TP_USE_SPEC},
+            {0},
+        };
+        static PyType_Spec spec = {
+            .name = "_testcapi.DefaultTokenTest",
+            .flags = Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE,
+            .slots = slots,
+        };
+        PyObject *type = PyType_FromMetaclass(NULL, NULL, &spec, NULL);
+        if (!type) {
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        token = PyType_GetSlot((PyTypeObject *)type, Py_tp_token);
+        assert(!PyErr_Occurred());
+        Py_DECREF(type);
+        if (token != &spec) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_AssertionError,
+                            "failed to convert token from Py_TP_USE_SPEC");
+            return NULL;
+        }
+    }
+    // Test non-NULL token that must also outlive the class
+    PyType_Slot slots[] = {
+        {Py_tp_token, token},
+        {0},
+    };
+    PyType_Spec spec = {
+        .name = name,
+        .flags = Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE,
+        .slots = slots,
+    };
+    return PyType_FromMetaclass(NULL, module, &spec, NULL);
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+get_tp_token(PyObject *self, PyObject *type)
+{
+    void *token = PyType_GetSlot((PyTypeObject *)type, Py_tp_token);
+    if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    return PyLong_FromVoidPtr(token);
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+pytype_getbasebytoken(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
+{
+    PyTypeObject *type;
+    PyObject *py_token, *use_mro, *need_result;
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "OOOO",
+                          &type, &py_token, &use_mro, &need_result)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    PyObject *mro_save = NULL;
+    if (use_mro != Py_True) {
+        // Test internal detail: PyType_GetBaseByToken works even with
+        // types that are only partially initialized (or torn down):
+        // if tp_mro=NULL we fall back to tp_bases.
+        assert(PyType_Check(type));
+        mro_save = type->tp_mro;
+        type->tp_mro = NULL;
+    }
+
+    void *token = PyLong_AsVoidPtr(py_token);
+    PyObject *result;
+    int ret;
+    if (need_result == Py_True) {
+        ret = PyType_GetBaseByToken(type, token, (PyTypeObject **)&result);
+    }
+    else {
+        result = NULL;
+        ret = PyType_GetBaseByToken(type, token, NULL);
+    }
+
+    if (use_mro != Py_True) {
+        type->tp_mro = mro_save;
+    }
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        assert(result == NULL);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    PyObject *py_ret = PyLong_FromLong(ret);
+    if (py_ret == NULL) {
+        goto error;
+    }
+    PyObject *tuple = PyTuple_New(2);
+    if (tuple == NULL) {
+        goto error;
+    }
+    PyTuple_SET_ITEM(tuple, 0, py_ret);
+    PyTuple_SET_ITEM(tuple, 1, result ? result : Py_None);
+    return tuple;
+error:
+    Py_XDECREF(py_ret);
+    Py_XDECREF(result);
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+
 static PyMethodDef TestMethods[] = {
     {"pytype_fromspec_meta",    pytype_fromspec_meta,            METH_O},
     {"test_type_from_ephemeral_spec", test_type_from_ephemeral_spec, METH_NOARGS},
@@ -423,6 +535,9 @@ static PyMethodDef TestMethods[] = {
     {"make_immutable_type_with_base", make_immutable_type_with_base, METH_O},
     {"make_type_with_base", make_type_with_base, METH_O},
     {"pyobject_getitemdata", pyobject_getitemdata, METH_O},
+    {"create_type_with_token", create_type_with_token, METH_VARARGS},
+    {"get_tp_token", get_tp_token, METH_O},
+    {"pytype_getbasebytoken", pytype_getbasebytoken, METH_VARARGS},
     {NULL},
 };
 
@@ -1008,6 +1123,89 @@ static PyType_Spec HeapCTypeSetattr_spec = {
     HeapCTypeSetattr_slots
 };
 
+/*
+ * The code below is for a test that uses PyType_FromSpec API to create a heap
+ * type that simultaneously exposes
+ *
+ * - A regular __new__ / __init__ constructor pair
+ * - A vector call handler in the type object
+ *
+ * A general requirement of vector call implementations is that they should
+ * behave identically (except being potentially faster). The example below
+ * deviates from this rule by initializing the instance with a different value.
+ * This is only done here only so that we can see which path was taken and is
+ * strongly discouraged in other cases.
+ */
+
+typedef struct {
+    PyObject_HEAD
+    long value;
+} HeapCTypeVectorcallObject;
+
+static PyObject *heapctype_vectorcall_vectorcall(PyObject *self,
+                                                 PyObject *const *args_in,
+                                                 size_t nargsf,
+                                                 PyObject *kwargs_in)
+{
+    if (kwargs_in || PyVectorcall_NARGS(nargsf)) {
+        return PyErr_Format(PyExc_IndexError, "HeapCTypeVectorcall() takes no arguments!");
+    }
+
+    HeapCTypeVectorcallObject *r =
+        PyObject_New(HeapCTypeVectorcallObject, (PyTypeObject *) self);
+
+    if (!r) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    r->value = 1;
+
+    return (PyObject *) r;
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+heapctype_vectorcall_new(PyTypeObject* type, PyObject* args, PyObject *kwargs)
+{
+    if (PyTuple_GET_SIZE(args) || kwargs) {
+        return PyErr_Format(PyExc_IndexError, "HeapCTypeVectorcall() takes no arguments!");
+    }
+
+    return (PyObject *) PyObject_New(HeapCTypeVectorcallObject, type);
+}
+
+static int
+heapctype_vectorcall_init(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs) {
+    if (PyTuple_GET_SIZE(args) || kwargs) {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_IndexError, "HeapCTypeVectorcall() takes no arguments!");
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    HeapCTypeVectorcallObject *o = (HeapCTypeVectorcallObject *) self;
+    o->value = 2;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static struct PyMemberDef heapctype_vectorcall_members[] = {
+    {"value", Py_T_LONG, offsetof(HeapCTypeVectorcallObject, value), 0, NULL},
+    {NULL}
+};
+
+static PyType_Slot HeapCTypeVectorcall_slots[] = {
+    {Py_tp_new, heapctype_vectorcall_new},
+    {Py_tp_init, heapctype_vectorcall_init},
+    {Py_tp_vectorcall, heapctype_vectorcall_vectorcall},
+    {Py_tp_members, heapctype_vectorcall_members},
+    {0, 0},
+};
+
+static PyType_Spec HeapCTypeVectorcall_spec = {
+    "_testcapi.HeapCTypeVectorcall",
+    sizeof(HeapCTypeVectorcallObject),
+    0,
+    Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT,
+    HeapCTypeVectorcall_slots
+};
+
 PyDoc_STRVAR(HeapCCollection_doc,
 "Tuple-like heap type that uses PyObject_GetItemData for items.");
 
@@ -1180,6 +1378,9 @@ _PyTestCapi_Init_Heaptype(PyObject *m) {
     PyObject *HeapCTypeSetattr = PyType_FromSpec(&HeapCTypeSetattr_spec);
     ADD("HeapCTypeSetattr", HeapCTypeSetattr);
 
+    PyObject *HeapCTypeVectorcall = PyType_FromSpec(&HeapCTypeVectorcall_spec);
+    ADD("HeapCTypeVectorcall", HeapCTypeVectorcall);
+
     PyObject *subclass_with_finalizer_bases = PyTuple_Pack(1, HeapCTypeSubclass);
     if (subclass_with_finalizer_bases == NULL) {
         return -1;
@@ -1201,6 +1402,8 @@ _PyTestCapi_Init_Heaptype(PyObject *m) {
         &PyType_Type, m, &HeapCTypeMetaclassNullNew_spec, (PyObject *) &PyType_Type);
     ADD("HeapCTypeMetaclassNullNew", HeapCTypeMetaclassNullNew);
 
+    ADD("Py_TP_USE_SPEC", PyLong_FromVoidPtr(Py_TP_USE_SPEC));
+
     PyObject *HeapCCollection = PyType_FromMetaclass(
         NULL, m, &HeapCCollection_spec, NULL);
     if (HeapCCollection == NULL) {
diff --git a/Modules/_testcapi/numbers.c b/Modules/_testcapi/numbers.c
index 6f7fa3fa7a4186..e16ff73744067a 100644
--- a/Modules/_testcapi/numbers.c
+++ b/Modules/_testcapi/numbers.c
@@ -1,7 +1,168 @@
 #include "parts.h"
 #include "util.h"
 
+
+static PyObject *
+number_check(PyObject *Py_UNUSED(module), PyObject *obj)
+{
+    NULLABLE(obj);
+    return PyLong_FromLong(PyNumber_Check(obj));
+}
+
+#define BINARYFUNC(funcsuffix, methsuffix)                           \
+    static PyObject *                                                \
+    number_##methsuffix(PyObject *Py_UNUSED(module), PyObject *args) \
+    {                                                                \
+        PyObject *o1, *o2;                                           \
+                                                                     \
+        if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "OO", &o1, &o2)) {               \
+            return NULL;                                             \
+        }                                                            \
+                                                                     \
+        NULLABLE(o1);                                                \
+        NULLABLE(o2);                                                \
+        return PyNumber_##funcsuffix(o1, o2);                        \
+    };
+
+BINARYFUNC(Add, add)
+BINARYFUNC(Subtract, subtract)
+BINARYFUNC(Multiply, multiply)
+BINARYFUNC(MatrixMultiply, matrixmultiply)
+BINARYFUNC(FloorDivide, floordivide)
+BINARYFUNC(TrueDivide, truedivide)
+BINARYFUNC(Remainder, remainder)
+BINARYFUNC(Divmod, divmod)
+
+#define TERNARYFUNC(funcsuffix, methsuffix)                          \
+    static PyObject *                                                \
+    number_##methsuffix(PyObject *Py_UNUSED(module), PyObject *args) \
+    {                                                                \
+        PyObject *o1, *o2, *o3 = Py_None;                            \
+                                                                     \
+        if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "OO|O", &o1, &o2, &o3)) {        \
+            return NULL;                                             \
+        }                                                            \
+                                                                     \
+        NULLABLE(o1);                                                \
+        NULLABLE(o2);                                                \
+        return PyNumber_##funcsuffix(o1, o2, o3);                    \
+    };
+
+TERNARYFUNC(Power, power)
+
+#define UNARYFUNC(funcsuffix, methsuffix)                            \
+    static PyObject *                                                \
+    number_##methsuffix(PyObject *Py_UNUSED(module), PyObject *obj)  \
+    {                                                                \
+        NULLABLE(obj);                                               \
+        return PyNumber_##funcsuffix(obj);                           \
+    };
+
+UNARYFUNC(Negative, negative)
+UNARYFUNC(Positive, positive)
+UNARYFUNC(Absolute, absolute)
+UNARYFUNC(Invert, invert)
+
+BINARYFUNC(Lshift, lshift)
+BINARYFUNC(Rshift, rshift)
+BINARYFUNC(And, and)
+BINARYFUNC(Xor, xor)
+BINARYFUNC(Or, or)
+
+BINARYFUNC(InPlaceAdd, inplaceadd)
+BINARYFUNC(InPlaceSubtract, inplacesubtract)
+BINARYFUNC(InPlaceMultiply, inplacemultiply)
+BINARYFUNC(InPlaceMatrixMultiply, inplacematrixmultiply)
+BINARYFUNC(InPlaceFloorDivide, inplacefloordivide)
+BINARYFUNC(InPlaceTrueDivide, inplacetruedivide)
+BINARYFUNC(InPlaceRemainder, inplaceremainder)
+
+TERNARYFUNC(InPlacePower, inplacepower)
+
+BINARYFUNC(InPlaceLshift, inplacelshift)
+BINARYFUNC(InPlaceRshift, inplacershift)
+BINARYFUNC(InPlaceAnd, inplaceand)
+BINARYFUNC(InPlaceXor, inplacexor)
+BINARYFUNC(InPlaceOr, inplaceor)
+
+UNARYFUNC(Long, long)
+UNARYFUNC(Float, float)
+UNARYFUNC(Index, index)
+
+static PyObject *
+number_tobase(PyObject *Py_UNUSED(module), PyObject *args)
+{
+    PyObject *n;
+    int base;
+
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "Oi", &n, &base)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    NULLABLE(n);
+    return PyNumber_ToBase(n, base);
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+number_asssizet(PyObject *Py_UNUSED(module), PyObject *args)
+{
+    PyObject *o, *exc;
+    Py_ssize_t ret;
+
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "OO", &o, &exc)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    NULLABLE(o);
+    NULLABLE(exc);
+    ret = PyNumber_AsSsize_t(o, exc);
+
+    if (ret == (Py_ssize_t)(-1) && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    return PyLong_FromSsize_t(ret);
+}
+
+
 static PyMethodDef test_methods[] = {
+    {"number_check", number_check, METH_O},
+    {"number_add", number_add, METH_VARARGS},
+    {"number_subtract", number_subtract, METH_VARARGS},
+    {"number_multiply", number_multiply, METH_VARARGS},
+    {"number_matrixmultiply", number_matrixmultiply, METH_VARARGS},
+    {"number_floordivide", number_floordivide, METH_VARARGS},
+    {"number_truedivide", number_truedivide, METH_VARARGS},
+    {"number_remainder", number_remainder, METH_VARARGS},
+    {"number_divmod", number_divmod, METH_VARARGS},
+    {"number_power", number_power, METH_VARARGS},
+    {"number_negative", number_negative, METH_O},
+    {"number_positive", number_positive, METH_O},
+    {"number_absolute", number_absolute, METH_O},
+    {"number_invert", number_invert, METH_O},
+    {"number_lshift", number_lshift, METH_VARARGS},
+    {"number_rshift", number_rshift, METH_VARARGS},
+    {"number_and", number_and, METH_VARARGS},
+    {"number_xor", number_xor, METH_VARARGS},
+    {"number_or", number_or, METH_VARARGS},
+    {"number_inplaceadd", number_inplaceadd, METH_VARARGS},
+    {"number_inplacesubtract", number_inplacesubtract, METH_VARARGS},
+    {"number_inplacemultiply", number_inplacemultiply, METH_VARARGS},
+    {"number_inplacematrixmultiply", number_inplacematrixmultiply, METH_VARARGS},
+    {"number_inplacefloordivide", number_inplacefloordivide, METH_VARARGS},
+    {"number_inplacetruedivide", number_inplacetruedivide, METH_VARARGS},
+    {"number_inplaceremainder", number_inplaceremainder, METH_VARARGS},
+    {"number_inplacepower", number_inplacepower, METH_VARARGS},
+    {"number_inplacelshift", number_inplacelshift, METH_VARARGS},
+    {"number_inplacershift", number_inplacershift, METH_VARARGS},
+    {"number_inplaceand", number_inplaceand, METH_VARARGS},
+    {"number_inplacexor", number_inplacexor, METH_VARARGS},
+    {"number_inplaceor", number_inplaceor, METH_VARARGS},
+    {"number_long", number_long, METH_O},
+    {"number_float", number_float, METH_O},
+    {"number_index", number_index, METH_O},
+    {"number_tobase", number_tobase, METH_VARARGS},
+    {"number_asssizet", number_asssizet, METH_VARARGS},
     {NULL},
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/_testcapi/object.c b/Modules/_testcapi/object.c
index 8dd34cf4fc47d4..1c76e766a790f0 100644
--- a/Modules/_testcapi/object.c
+++ b/Modules/_testcapi/object.c
@@ -117,11 +117,19 @@ pyobject_print_os_error(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
     Py_RETURN_NONE;
 }
 
+static PyObject *
+pyobject_clear_weakrefs_no_callbacks(PyObject *self, PyObject *obj)
+{
+    PyUnstable_Object_ClearWeakRefsNoCallbacks(obj);
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
+}
+
 static PyMethodDef test_methods[] = {
     {"call_pyobject_print", call_pyobject_print, METH_VARARGS},
     {"pyobject_print_null", pyobject_print_null, METH_VARARGS},
     {"pyobject_print_noref_object", pyobject_print_noref_object, METH_VARARGS},
     {"pyobject_print_os_error", pyobject_print_os_error, METH_VARARGS},
+    {"pyobject_clear_weakrefs_no_callbacks", pyobject_clear_weakrefs_no_callbacks, METH_O},
 
     {NULL},
 };
diff --git a/Modules/_testcapi/parts.h b/Modules/_testcapi/parts.h
index 41d190961c69ee..65ba77596c760e 100644
--- a/Modules/_testcapi/parts.h
+++ b/Modules/_testcapi/parts.h
@@ -60,5 +60,6 @@ int _PyTestCapi_Init_Hash(PyObject *module);
 int _PyTestCapi_Init_Time(PyObject *module);
 int _PyTestCapi_Init_Monitoring(PyObject *module);
 int _PyTestCapi_Init_Object(PyObject *module);
+int _PyTestCapi_Init_Config(PyObject *mod);
 
 #endif // Py_TESTCAPI_PARTS_H
diff --git a/Modules/_testcapi/pyatomic.c b/Modules/_testcapi/pyatomic.c
index 4f72844535ebd6..850de6f9c3366b 100644
--- a/Modules/_testcapi/pyatomic.c
+++ b/Modules/_testcapi/pyatomic.c
@@ -125,6 +125,7 @@ test_atomic_fences(PyObject *self, PyObject *obj) {
     // Just make sure that the fences compile. We are not
     // testing any synchronizing ordering.
     _Py_atomic_fence_seq_cst();
+    _Py_atomic_fence_acquire();
     _Py_atomic_fence_release();
     Py_RETURN_NONE;
 }
diff --git a/Modules/_testcapi/run.c b/Modules/_testcapi/run.c
index 21244d02967ebf..c9db7ccdd965a2 100644
--- a/Modules/_testcapi/run.c
+++ b/Modules/_testcapi/run.c
@@ -78,14 +78,14 @@ run_fileexflags(PyObject *mod, PyObject *pos_args)
     result = PyRun_FileExFlags(fp, filename, start, globals, locals, closeit, pflags);
 
     if (closeit && result && _Py_IsValidFD(fd)) {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_AssertionError, "File was not closed after excution");
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_AssertionError, "File was not closed after execution");
         Py_DECREF(result);
         fclose(fp);
         return NULL;
     }
 
     if (!closeit && !_Py_IsValidFD(fd)) {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_AssertionError, "Bad file descriptor after excution");
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_AssertionError, "Bad file descriptor after execution");
         Py_XDECREF(result);
         return NULL;
     }
diff --git a/Modules/_testcapi/tuple.c b/Modules/_testcapi/tuple.c
index 95dde8c0edadbe..d9c02ba0ff04fe 100644
--- a/Modules/_testcapi/tuple.c
+++ b/Modules/_testcapi/tuple.c
@@ -2,14 +2,121 @@
 #include "util.h"
 
 
+static PyObject *
+tuple_get_size(PyObject *Py_UNUSED(module), PyObject *obj)
+{
+    NULLABLE(obj);
+    RETURN_SIZE(PyTuple_GET_SIZE(obj));
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+tuple_get_item(PyObject *Py_UNUSED(module), PyObject *args)
+{
+    PyObject *obj;
+    Py_ssize_t i;
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "On", &obj, &i)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    NULLABLE(obj);
+    return Py_XNewRef(PyTuple_GET_ITEM(obj, i));
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+tuple_copy(PyObject *tuple)
+{
+    Py_ssize_t size = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(tuple);
+    PyObject *newtuple = PyTuple_New(size);
+    if (!newtuple) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    for (Py_ssize_t n = 0; n < size; n++) {
+        PyTuple_SET_ITEM(newtuple, n, Py_XNewRef(PyTuple_GET_ITEM(tuple, n)));
+    }
+    return newtuple;
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+tuple_set_item(PyObject *Py_UNUSED(module), PyObject *args)
+{
+    PyObject *obj, *value, *newtuple;
+    Py_ssize_t i;
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "OnO", &obj, &i, &value)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    NULLABLE(value);
+    if (PyTuple_CheckExact(obj)) {
+        newtuple = tuple_copy(obj);
+        if (!newtuple) {
+            return NULL;
+        }
+
+        PyObject *val = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(newtuple, i);
+        PyTuple_SET_ITEM(newtuple, i, Py_XNewRef(value));
+        Py_DECREF(val);
+        return newtuple;
+    }
+    else {
+        NULLABLE(obj);
+
+        PyObject *val = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(obj, i);
+        PyTuple_SET_ITEM(obj, i, Py_XNewRef(value));
+        Py_DECREF(val);
+        return Py_XNewRef(obj);
+    }
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+_tuple_resize(PyObject *Py_UNUSED(module), PyObject *args)
+{
+    PyObject *tup;
+    Py_ssize_t newsize;
+    int new = 1;
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "On|p", &tup, &newsize, &new)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if (new) {
+        tup = tuple_copy(tup);
+        if (!tup) {
+            return NULL;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        NULLABLE(tup);
+        Py_XINCREF(tup);
+    }
+    int r = _PyTuple_Resize(&tup, newsize);
+    if (r == -1) {
+        assert(tup == NULL);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    return tup;
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+_check_tuple_item_is_NULL(PyObject *Py_UNUSED(module), PyObject *args)
+{
+    PyObject *obj;
+    Py_ssize_t i;
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "On", &obj, &i)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    return PyLong_FromLong(PyTuple_GET_ITEM(obj, i) == NULL);
+}
+
+
 static PyMethodDef test_methods[] = {
+    {"tuple_get_size", tuple_get_size, METH_O},
+    {"tuple_get_item", tuple_get_item, METH_VARARGS},
+    {"tuple_set_item", tuple_set_item, METH_VARARGS},
+    {"_tuple_resize", _tuple_resize, METH_VARARGS},
+    {"_check_tuple_item_is_NULL", _check_tuple_item_is_NULL, METH_VARARGS},
     {NULL},
 };
 
 int
 _PyTestCapi_Init_Tuple(PyObject *m)
 {
-    if (PyModule_AddFunctions(m, test_methods) < 0){
+    if (PyModule_AddFunctions(m, test_methods) < 0) {
         return -1;
     }
 
diff --git a/Modules/_testcapi/unicode.c b/Modules/_testcapi/unicode.c
index 015db9017139d0..b8ecf53f4f8b9c 100644
--- a/Modules/_testcapi/unicode.c
+++ b/Modules/_testcapi/unicode.c
@@ -221,6 +221,325 @@ unicode_copycharacters(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
 }
 
 
+// --- PyUnicodeWriter type -------------------------------------------------
+
+typedef struct {
+    PyObject_HEAD
+    PyUnicodeWriter *writer;
+} WriterObject;
+
+
+static PyObject *
+writer_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
+{
+    WriterObject *self = (WriterObject *)type->tp_alloc(type, 0);
+    if (!self) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    self->writer = NULL;
+    return (PyObject*)self;
+}
+
+
+static int
+writer_init(PyObject *self_raw, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
+{
+    WriterObject *self = (WriterObject *)self_raw;
+
+    Py_ssize_t size;
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "n", &size)) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    if (self->writer) {
+        PyUnicodeWriter_Discard(self->writer);
+    }
+
+    self->writer = PyUnicodeWriter_Create(size);
+    if (self->writer == NULL) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+static void
+writer_dealloc(PyObject *self_raw)
+{
+    WriterObject *self = (WriterObject *)self_raw;
+    PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(self);
+    if (self->writer) {
+        PyUnicodeWriter_Discard(self->writer);
+    }
+    tp->tp_free(self);
+    Py_DECREF(tp);
+}
+
+
+static inline int
+writer_check(WriterObject *self)
+{
+    if (self->writer == NULL) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "operation on finished writer");
+        return -1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+static PyObject*
+writer_write_char(PyObject *self_raw, PyObject *args)
+{
+    WriterObject *self = (WriterObject *)self_raw;
+    if (writer_check(self) < 0) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    PyObject *str;
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "U", &str)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if (PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(str) != 1) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "expect a single character");
+    }
+    Py_UCS4 ch = PyUnicode_READ_CHAR(str, 0);
+
+    if (PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar(self->writer, ch) < 0) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
+}
+
+
+static PyObject*
+writer_write_utf8(PyObject *self_raw, PyObject *args)
+{
+    WriterObject *self = (WriterObject *)self_raw;
+    if (writer_check(self) < 0) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    char *str;
+    Py_ssize_t size;
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "yn", &str, &size)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    if (PyUnicodeWriter_WriteUTF8(self->writer, str, size) < 0) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
+}
+
+
+static PyObject*
+writer_write_widechar(PyObject *self_raw, PyObject *args)
+{
+    WriterObject *self = (WriterObject *)self_raw;
+    if (writer_check(self) < 0) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    PyObject *str;
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "U", &str)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    Py_ssize_t size;
+    wchar_t *wstr = PyUnicode_AsWideCharString(str, &size);
+    if (wstr == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    int res = PyUnicodeWriter_WriteWideChar(self->writer, wstr, size);
+    PyMem_Free(wstr);
+    if (res < 0) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
+}
+
+
+static PyObject*
+writer_write_ucs4(PyObject *self_raw, PyObject *args)
+{
+    WriterObject *self = (WriterObject *)self_raw;
+    if (writer_check(self) < 0) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    PyObject *str;
+    Py_ssize_t size;
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "Un", &str, &size)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    Py_ssize_t len = PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(str);
+    size = Py_MIN(size, len);
+
+    Py_UCS4 *ucs4 = PyUnicode_AsUCS4Copy(str);
+    if (ucs4 == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    int res = PyUnicodeWriter_WriteUCS4(self->writer, ucs4, size);
+    PyMem_Free(ucs4);
+    if (res < 0) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
+}
+
+
+static PyObject*
+writer_write_str(PyObject *self_raw, PyObject *args)
+{
+    WriterObject *self = (WriterObject *)self_raw;
+    if (writer_check(self) < 0) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    PyObject *obj;
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O", &obj)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    if (PyUnicodeWriter_WriteStr(self->writer, obj) < 0) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
+}
+
+
+static PyObject*
+writer_write_repr(PyObject *self_raw, PyObject *args)
+{
+    WriterObject *self = (WriterObject *)self_raw;
+    if (writer_check(self) < 0) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    PyObject *obj;
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O", &obj)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    if (PyUnicodeWriter_WriteRepr(self->writer, obj) < 0) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
+}
+
+
+static PyObject*
+writer_write_substring(PyObject *self_raw, PyObject *args)
+{
+    WriterObject *self = (WriterObject *)self_raw;
+    if (writer_check(self) < 0) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    PyObject *str;
+    Py_ssize_t start, end;
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "Unn", &str, &start, &end)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    if (PyUnicodeWriter_WriteSubstring(self->writer, str, start, end) < 0) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
+}
+
+
+static PyObject*
+writer_decodeutf8stateful(PyObject *self_raw, PyObject *args)
+{
+    WriterObject *self = (WriterObject *)self_raw;
+    if (writer_check(self) < 0) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    const char *str;
+    Py_ssize_t len;
+    const char *errors;
+    int use_consumed = 0;
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "yny|i", &str, &len, &errors, &use_consumed)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    Py_ssize_t consumed = 12345;
+    Py_ssize_t *pconsumed = use_consumed ? &consumed : NULL;
+    if (PyUnicodeWriter_DecodeUTF8Stateful(self->writer, str, len,
+                                           errors, pconsumed) < 0) {
+        if (use_consumed) {
+            assert(consumed == 0);
+        }
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    if (use_consumed) {
+        return PyLong_FromSsize_t(consumed);
+    }
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
+}
+
+
+static PyObject*
+writer_get_pointer(PyObject *self_raw, PyObject *args)
+{
+    WriterObject *self = (WriterObject *)self_raw;
+    if (writer_check(self) < 0) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    return PyLong_FromVoidPtr(self->writer);
+}
+
+
+static PyObject*
+writer_finish(PyObject *self_raw, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(args))
+{
+    WriterObject *self = (WriterObject *)self_raw;
+    if (writer_check(self) < 0) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    PyObject *str = PyUnicodeWriter_Finish(self->writer);
+    self->writer = NULL;
+    return str;
+}
+
+
+static PyMethodDef writer_methods[] = {
+    {"write_char", _PyCFunction_CAST(writer_write_char), METH_VARARGS},
+    {"write_utf8", _PyCFunction_CAST(writer_write_utf8), METH_VARARGS},
+    {"write_widechar", _PyCFunction_CAST(writer_write_widechar), METH_VARARGS},
+    {"write_ucs4", _PyCFunction_CAST(writer_write_ucs4), METH_VARARGS},
+    {"write_str", _PyCFunction_CAST(writer_write_str), METH_VARARGS},
+    {"write_repr", _PyCFunction_CAST(writer_write_repr), METH_VARARGS},
+    {"write_substring", _PyCFunction_CAST(writer_write_substring), METH_VARARGS},
+    {"decodeutf8stateful", _PyCFunction_CAST(writer_decodeutf8stateful), METH_VARARGS},
+    {"get_pointer", _PyCFunction_CAST(writer_get_pointer), METH_VARARGS},
+    {"finish", _PyCFunction_CAST(writer_finish), METH_NOARGS},
+    {NULL,              NULL}           /* sentinel */
+};
+
+static PyType_Slot Writer_Type_slots[] = {
+    {Py_tp_new, writer_new},
+    {Py_tp_init, writer_init},
+    {Py_tp_dealloc, writer_dealloc},
+    {Py_tp_methods, writer_methods},
+    {0, 0},  /* sentinel */
+};
+
+static PyType_Spec Writer_spec = {
+    .name = "_testcapi.PyUnicodeWriter",
+    .basicsize = sizeof(WriterObject),
+    .flags = Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT,
+    .slots = Writer_Type_slots,
+};
+
+
 static PyMethodDef TestMethods[] = {
     {"unicode_new",              unicode_new,                    METH_VARARGS},
     {"unicode_fill",             unicode_fill,                   METH_VARARGS},
@@ -237,5 +556,16 @@ _PyTestCapi_Init_Unicode(PyObject *m) {
     if (PyModule_AddFunctions(m, TestMethods) < 0) {
         return -1;
     }
+
+    PyTypeObject *writer_type = (PyTypeObject *)PyType_FromSpec(&Writer_spec);
+    if (writer_type == NULL) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    if (PyModule_AddType(m, writer_type) < 0) {
+        Py_DECREF(writer_type);
+        return -1;
+    }
+    Py_DECREF(writer_type);
+
     return 0;
 }
diff --git a/Modules/_testcapi/util.h b/Modules/_testcapi/util.h
index f26d7656a10138..042e522542eddb 100644
--- a/Modules/_testcapi/util.h
+++ b/Modules/_testcapi/util.h
@@ -31,3 +31,13 @@ static const char uninitialized[] = "uninitialized";
 #define UNINITIALIZED_SIZE ((Py_ssize_t)236892191)
 /* Marker to check that integer value was set. */
 #define UNINITIALIZED_INT (63256717)
+/*
+ * Marker to indicate that a NULL parameter would not be allowed
+ * at runtime but that the test interface will check that it is
+ * indeed the case.
+ *
+ * Use this macro only if passing NULL to the C API would raise
+ * a catchable exception (and not a fatal exception that would
+ * crash the interpreter).
+ */
+ #define NULL_WOULD_RAISE(NAME)    NAME
diff --git a/Modules/_testcapi/vectorcall.c b/Modules/_testcapi/vectorcall.c
index b30c5e8704c8af..03aaacb328e0b6 100644
--- a/Modules/_testcapi/vectorcall.c
+++ b/Modules/_testcapi/vectorcall.c
@@ -348,6 +348,9 @@ static PyObject *
 MethodDescriptor2_new(PyTypeObject* type, PyObject* args, PyObject *kw)
 {
     MethodDescriptor2Object *op = PyObject_New(MethodDescriptor2Object, type);
+    if (op == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
     op->base.vectorcall = NULL;
     op->vectorcall = MethodDescriptor_vectorcall;
     return (PyObject *)op;
diff --git a/Modules/_testcapi/watchers.c b/Modules/_testcapi/watchers.c
index 1eb0db2c2e6576..321d3aeffb6ad1 100644
--- a/Modules/_testcapi/watchers.c
+++ b/Modules/_testcapi/watchers.c
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 #define Py_BUILD_CORE
 #include "pycore_function.h"  // FUNC_MAX_WATCHERS
 #include "pycore_code.h"  // CODE_MAX_WATCHERS
+#include "pycore_context.h" // CONTEXT_MAX_WATCHERS
 
 /*[clinic input]
 module _testcapi
@@ -622,6 +623,152 @@ allocate_too_many_func_watchers(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
     Py_RETURN_NONE;
 }
 
+// Test contexct object watchers
+#define NUM_CONTEXT_WATCHERS 2
+static int context_watcher_ids[NUM_CONTEXT_WATCHERS] = {-1, -1};
+static PyObject *context_switches[NUM_CONTEXT_WATCHERS];
+
+static int
+handle_context_watcher_event(int which_watcher, PyContextEvent event, PyObject *ctx) {
+    if (event == Py_CONTEXT_SWITCHED) {
+        PyList_Append(context_switches[which_watcher], ctx);
+    }
+    else {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+first_context_watcher_callback(PyContextEvent event, PyObject *ctx) {
+    return handle_context_watcher_event(0, event, ctx);
+}
+
+static int
+second_context_watcher_callback(PyContextEvent event, PyObject *ctx) {
+    return handle_context_watcher_event(1, event, ctx);
+}
+
+static int
+noop_context_event_handler(PyContextEvent event, PyObject *ctx) {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+error_context_event_handler(PyContextEvent event, PyObject *ctx) {
+    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "boom!");
+    return -1;
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+add_context_watcher(PyObject *self, PyObject *which_watcher)
+{
+    static const PyContext_WatchCallback callbacks[] = {
+        &first_context_watcher_callback,
+        &second_context_watcher_callback,
+        &error_context_event_handler,
+    };
+    assert(PyLong_Check(which_watcher));
+    long which_l = PyLong_AsLong(which_watcher);
+    if (which_l < 0 || which_l >= (long)Py_ARRAY_LENGTH(callbacks)) {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError, "invalid watcher %d", which_l);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    int watcher_id = PyContext_AddWatcher(callbacks[which_l]);
+    if (watcher_id < 0) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if (which_l >= 0 && which_l < NUM_CONTEXT_WATCHERS) {
+        context_watcher_ids[which_l] = watcher_id;
+        Py_XSETREF(context_switches[which_l], PyList_New(0));
+        if (context_switches[which_l] == NULL) {
+            return NULL;
+        }
+    }
+    return PyLong_FromLong(watcher_id);
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+clear_context_watcher(PyObject *self, PyObject *watcher_id)
+{
+    assert(PyLong_Check(watcher_id));
+    long watcher_id_l = PyLong_AsLong(watcher_id);
+    if (PyContext_ClearWatcher(watcher_id_l) < 0) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    // reset static events counters
+    if (watcher_id_l >= 0) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < NUM_CONTEXT_WATCHERS; i++) {
+            if (watcher_id_l == context_watcher_ids[i]) {
+                context_watcher_ids[i] = -1;
+                Py_CLEAR(context_switches[i]);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+clear_context_stack(PyObject *Py_UNUSED(self), PyObject *Py_UNUSED(args))
+{
+    PyThreadState *tstate = PyThreadState_Get();
+    if (tstate->context == NULL) {
+        Py_RETURN_NONE;
+    }
+    if (((PyContext *)tstate->context)->ctx_prev != NULL) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError,
+                        "must first exit all non-base contexts");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    Py_CLEAR(tstate->context);
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+get_context_switches(PyObject *Py_UNUSED(self), PyObject *watcher_id)
+{
+    assert(PyLong_Check(watcher_id));
+    long watcher_id_l = PyLong_AsLong(watcher_id);
+    if (watcher_id_l < 0 || watcher_id_l >= NUM_CONTEXT_WATCHERS) {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError, "invalid watcher %ld", watcher_id_l);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if (context_switches[watcher_id_l] == NULL) {
+        return PyList_New(0);
+    }
+    return Py_NewRef(context_switches[watcher_id_l]);
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+allocate_too_many_context_watchers(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
+{
+    int watcher_ids[CONTEXT_MAX_WATCHERS + 1];
+    int num_watchers = 0;
+    for (unsigned long i = 0; i < sizeof(watcher_ids) / sizeof(int); i++) {
+        int watcher_id = PyContext_AddWatcher(noop_context_event_handler);
+        if (watcher_id == -1) {
+            break;
+        }
+        watcher_ids[i] = watcher_id;
+        num_watchers++;
+    }
+    PyObject *exc = PyErr_GetRaisedException();
+    for (int i = 0; i < num_watchers; i++) {
+        if (PyContext_ClearWatcher(watcher_ids[i]) < 0) {
+            PyErr_WriteUnraisable(Py_None);
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    if (exc) {
+        PyErr_SetRaisedException(exc);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    else if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
+}
+
 /*[clinic input]
 _testcapi.set_func_defaults_via_capi
     func: object
@@ -689,6 +836,14 @@ static PyMethodDef test_methods[] = {
     _TESTCAPI_SET_FUNC_KWDEFAULTS_VIA_CAPI_METHODDEF
     {"allocate_too_many_func_watchers", allocate_too_many_func_watchers,
      METH_NOARGS, NULL},
+
+    // Code object watchers.
+    {"add_context_watcher",         add_context_watcher,        METH_O,       NULL},
+    {"clear_context_watcher",       clear_context_watcher,      METH_O,       NULL},
+    {"clear_context_stack",      clear_context_stack,     METH_NOARGS,  NULL},
+    {"get_context_switches",     get_context_switches,    METH_O,       NULL},
+    {"allocate_too_many_context_watchers",
+     (PyCFunction) allocate_too_many_context_watchers,       METH_NOARGS,  NULL},
     {NULL},
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/_testcapimodule.c b/Modules/_testcapimodule.c
index b58c17260626c2..26f68691e44f83 100644
--- a/Modules/_testcapimodule.c
+++ b/Modules/_testcapimodule.c
@@ -81,8 +81,11 @@ static PyObject*
 test_config(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
 #define CHECK_SIZEOF(FATNAME, TYPE) \
-            if (FATNAME != sizeof(TYPE)) \
-                return sizeof_error(self, #FATNAME, #TYPE, FATNAME, sizeof(TYPE))
+    do { \
+        if (FATNAME != sizeof(TYPE)) { \
+            return sizeof_error(self, #FATNAME, #TYPE, FATNAME, sizeof(TYPE)); \
+        } \
+    } while (0)
 
     CHECK_SIZEOF(SIZEOF_SHORT, short);
     CHECK_SIZEOF(SIZEOF_INT, int);
@@ -103,21 +106,25 @@ test_sizeof_c_types(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 #pragma GCC diagnostic push
 #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wtype-limits"
 #endif
-#define CHECK_SIZEOF(TYPE, EXPECTED)         \
-    if (EXPECTED != sizeof(TYPE))  {         \
-        PyErr_Format(get_testerror(self),    \
-            "sizeof(%s) = %u instead of %u", \
-            #TYPE, sizeof(TYPE), EXPECTED);  \
-        return (PyObject*)NULL;              \
-    }
+#define CHECK_SIZEOF(TYPE, EXPECTED) \
+    do { \
+        if (EXPECTED != sizeof(TYPE)) { \
+            PyErr_Format(get_testerror(self),               \
+                         "sizeof(%s) = %u instead of %u",   \
+                         #TYPE, sizeof(TYPE), EXPECTED);    \
+            return (PyObject*)NULL; \
+        } \
+    } while (0)
 #define IS_SIGNED(TYPE) (((TYPE)-1) < (TYPE)0)
-#define CHECK_SIGNNESS(TYPE, SIGNED)            \
-    if (IS_SIGNED(TYPE) != SIGNED) {            \
-        PyErr_Format(get_testerror(self),       \
-            "%s signness is %i, instead of %i", \
-            #TYPE, IS_SIGNED(TYPE), SIGNED);    \
-        return (PyObject*)NULL;                 \
-    }
+#define CHECK_SIGNNESS(TYPE, SIGNED) \
+    do { \
+        if (IS_SIGNED(TYPE) != SIGNED) { \
+            PyErr_Format(get_testerror(self),                   \
+                         "%s signness is %i, instead of %i",    \
+                         #TYPE, IS_SIGNED(TYPE), SIGNED);       \
+            return (PyObject*)NULL; \
+        } \
+    } while (0)
 
     /* integer types */
     CHECK_SIZEOF(Py_UCS1, 1);
@@ -282,7 +289,7 @@ static PyTypeObject _HashInheritanceTester_Type = {
     "hashinheritancetester",            /* Name of this type */
     sizeof(PyObject),           /* Basic object size */
     0,                          /* Item size for varobject */
-    (destructor)PyObject_Del, /* tp_dealloc */
+    (destructor)PyObject_Free,  /* tp_dealloc */
     0,                          /* tp_vectorcall_offset */
     0,                          /* tp_getattr */
     0,                          /* tp_setattr */
@@ -884,27 +891,34 @@ test_string_to_double(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored)) {
     double result;
     const char *msg;
 
-#define CHECK_STRING(STR, expected)                             \
-    result = PyOS_string_to_double(STR, NULL, NULL);            \
-    if (result == -1.0 && PyErr_Occurred())                     \
-        return NULL;                                            \
-    if (result != (double)expected) {                           \
-        msg = "conversion of " STR " to float failed";          \
-        goto fail;                                              \
-    }
+#define CHECK_STRING(STR, expected) \
+    do { \
+        result = PyOS_string_to_double(STR, NULL, NULL); \
+        if (result == -1.0 && PyErr_Occurred()) { \
+            return NULL; \
+        } \
+        if (result != (double)expected) { \
+            msg = "conversion of " STR " to float failed"; \
+            goto fail; \
+        } \
+    } while (0)
 
-#define CHECK_INVALID(STR)                                              \
-    result = PyOS_string_to_double(STR, NULL, NULL);                    \
-    if (result == -1.0 && PyErr_Occurred()) {                           \
-        if (PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_ValueError))                   \
-            PyErr_Clear();                                              \
-        else                                                            \
-            return NULL;                                                \
-    }                                                                   \
-    else {                                                              \
-        msg = "conversion of " STR " didn't raise ValueError";          \
-        goto fail;                                                      \
-    }
+#define CHECK_INVALID(STR) \
+    do { \
+        result = PyOS_string_to_double(STR, NULL, NULL); \
+        if (result == -1.0 && PyErr_Occurred()) { \
+            if (PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_ValueError)) { \
+                PyErr_Clear(); \
+            } \
+            else { \
+                return NULL; \
+            } \
+        } \
+        else { \
+            msg = "conversion of " STR " didn't raise ValueError"; \
+            goto fail; \
+        } \
+    } while (0)
 
     CHECK_STRING("0.1", 0.1);
     CHECK_STRING("1.234", 1.234);
@@ -971,16 +985,22 @@ test_capsule(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
     };
     known_capsule *known = &known_capsules[0];
 
-#define FAIL(x) { error = (x); goto exit; }
+#define FAIL(x) \
+    do { \
+        error = (x); \
+        goto exit; \
+    } while (0)
 
 #define CHECK_DESTRUCTOR \
-    if (capsule_error) { \
-        FAIL(capsule_error); \
-    } \
-    else if (!capsule_destructor_call_count) {          \
-        FAIL("destructor not called!"); \
-    } \
-    capsule_destructor_call_count = 0; \
+    do { \
+        if (capsule_error) { \
+            FAIL(capsule_error); \
+        } \
+        else if (!capsule_destructor_call_count) { \
+            FAIL("destructor not called!"); \
+        } \
+        capsule_destructor_call_count = 0; \
+    } while (0)
 
     object = PyCapsule_New(capsule_pointer, capsule_name, capsule_destructor);
     PyCapsule_SetContext(object, capsule_context);
@@ -1024,12 +1044,12 @@ test_capsule(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
         static char buffer[256];
 #undef FAIL
 #define FAIL(x) \
-        { \
-        sprintf(buffer, "%s module: \"%s\" attribute: \"%s\"", \
-            x, known->module, known->attribute); \
-        error = buffer; \
-        goto exit; \
-        } \
+        do { \
+            sprintf(buffer, "%s module: \"%s\" attribute: \"%s\"", \
+                    x, known->module, known->attribute);           \
+            error = buffer; \
+            goto exit; \
+        } while (0)
 
         PyObject *module = PyImport_ImportModule(known->module);
         if (module) {
@@ -1889,25 +1909,6 @@ getitem_with_error(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
     return PyObject_GetItem(map, key);
 }
 
-static PyObject *
-dict_get_version(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
-{
-    PyDictObject *dict;
-    uint64_t version;
-
-    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O!", &PyDict_Type, &dict))
-        return NULL;
-
-    _Py_COMP_DIAG_PUSH
-    _Py_COMP_DIAG_IGNORE_DEPR_DECLS
-    version = dict->ma_version_tag;
-    _Py_COMP_DIAG_POP
-
-    static_assert(sizeof(unsigned long long) >= sizeof(version),
-                  "version is larger than unsigned long long");
-    return PyLong_FromUnsignedLongLong((unsigned long long)version);
-}
-
 
 static PyObject *
 raise_SIGINT_then_send_None(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
@@ -1978,11 +1979,15 @@ test_pythread_tss_key_state(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
                               "an already initialized key");
     }
 #define CHECK_TSS_API(expr) \
+    do { \
         (void)(expr); \
         if (!PyThread_tss_is_created(&tss_key)) { \
             return raiseTestError(self, "test_pythread_tss_key_state", \
                                   "TSS key initialization state was not " \
-                                  "preserved after calling " #expr); }
+                                  "preserved after calling " #expr); \
+        } \
+    } while (0)
+
     CHECK_TSS_API(PyThread_tss_set(&tss_key, NULL));
     CHECK_TSS_API(PyThread_tss_get(&tss_key));
 #undef CHECK_TSS_API
@@ -2304,7 +2309,7 @@ test_py_setref(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
         \
         Py_DECREF(obj); \
         Py_RETURN_NONE; \
-    } while (0) \
+    } while (0)
 
 
 // Test Py_NewRef() and Py_XNewRef() macros
@@ -2403,21 +2408,6 @@ type_modified(PyObject *self, PyObject *type)
     Py_RETURN_NONE;
 }
 
-// Circumvents standard version assignment machinery - use with caution and only on
-// short-lived heap types
-static PyObject *
-type_assign_specific_version_unsafe(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
-{
-    PyTypeObject *type;
-    unsigned int version;
-    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "Oi:type_assign_specific_version_unsafe", &type, &version)) {
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    assert(!PyType_HasFeature(type, Py_TPFLAGS_IMMUTABLETYPE));
-    type->tp_version_tag = version;
-    type->tp_flags |= Py_TPFLAGS_VALID_VERSION_TAG;
-    Py_RETURN_NONE;
-}
 
 static PyObject *
 type_assign_version(PyObject *self, PyObject *type)
@@ -2646,18 +2636,6 @@ test_frame_getvarstring(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
 }
 
 
-static PyObject *
-eval_get_func_name(PyObject *self, PyObject *func)
-{
-    return PyUnicode_FromString(PyEval_GetFuncName(func));
-}
-
-static PyObject *
-eval_get_func_desc(PyObject *self, PyObject *func)
-{
-    return PyUnicode_FromString(PyEval_GetFuncDesc(func));
-}
-
 static PyObject *
 gen_get_code(PyObject *self, PyObject *gen)
 {
@@ -3320,6 +3298,62 @@ function_set_warning(PyObject *Py_UNUSED(module), PyObject *Py_UNUSED(args))
     Py_RETURN_NONE;
 }
 
+static PyObject *
+test_critical_sections(PyObject *module, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(args))
+{
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(module);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION2(module, module);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION2();
+
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
+}
+
+
+// Used by `finalize_thread_hang`.
+#ifdef _POSIX_THREADS
+static void finalize_thread_hang_cleanup_callback(void *Py_UNUSED(arg)) {
+    // Should not reach here.
+    Py_FatalError("pthread thread termination was triggered unexpectedly");
+}
+#endif
+
+// Tests that finalization does not trigger pthread cleanup.
+//
+// Must be called with a single nullary callable function that should block
+// (with GIL released) until finalization is in progress.
+static PyObject *
+finalize_thread_hang(PyObject *self, PyObject *callback)
+{
+    // WASI builds some pthread stuff but doesn't have these APIs today?
+#if defined(_POSIX_THREADS) && !defined(__wasi__)
+    pthread_cleanup_push(finalize_thread_hang_cleanup_callback, NULL);
+#endif
+    PyObject_CallNoArgs(callback);
+    // Should not reach here.
+    Py_FatalError("thread unexpectedly did not hang");
+#if defined(_POSIX_THREADS) && !defined(__wasi__)
+    pthread_cleanup_pop(0);
+#endif
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
+}
+
+
+static PyObject *
+type_freeze(PyObject *module, PyObject *args)
+{
+    PyTypeObject *type;
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O!", &PyType_Type, &type)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if (PyType_Freeze(type) < 0) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
+}
+
+
 static PyMethodDef TestMethods[] = {
     {"set_errno",               set_errno,                       METH_VARARGS},
     {"test_config",             test_config,                     METH_NOARGS},
@@ -3398,7 +3432,6 @@ static PyMethodDef TestMethods[] = {
     {"return_result_with_error", return_result_with_error, METH_NOARGS},
     {"getitem_with_error", getitem_with_error, METH_VARARGS},
     {"Py_CompileString",     pycompilestring, METH_O},
-    {"dict_get_version", dict_get_version, METH_VARARGS},
     {"raise_SIGINT_then_send_None", raise_SIGINT_then_send_None, METH_VARARGS},
     {"stack_pointer", stack_pointer, METH_NOARGS},
 #ifdef W_STOPCODE
@@ -3427,8 +3460,6 @@ static PyMethodDef TestMethods[] = {
     {"test_py_is_funcs", test_py_is_funcs, METH_NOARGS},
     {"type_get_version", type_get_version, METH_O, PyDoc_STR("type->tp_version_tag")},
     {"type_modified", type_modified, METH_O, PyDoc_STR("PyType_Modified")},
-    {"type_assign_specific_version_unsafe", type_assign_specific_version_unsafe, METH_VARARGS,
-     PyDoc_STR("forcefully assign type->tp_version_tag")},
     {"type_assign_version", type_assign_version, METH_O, PyDoc_STR("PyUnstable_Type_AssignVersionTag")},
     {"type_get_tp_bases", type_get_tp_bases, METH_O},
     {"type_get_tp_mro", type_get_tp_mro, METH_O},
@@ -3442,8 +3473,6 @@ static PyMethodDef TestMethods[] = {
     {"frame_new", frame_new, METH_VARARGS, NULL},
     {"frame_getvar", test_frame_getvar, METH_VARARGS, NULL},
     {"frame_getvarstring", test_frame_getvarstring, METH_VARARGS, NULL},
-    {"eval_get_func_name", eval_get_func_name, METH_O, NULL},
-    {"eval_get_func_desc", eval_get_func_desc, METH_O, NULL},
     {"gen_get_code", gen_get_code, METH_O, NULL},
     {"get_feature_macros", get_feature_macros, METH_NOARGS, NULL},
     {"test_code_api", test_code_api, METH_NOARGS, NULL},
@@ -3463,6 +3492,9 @@ static PyMethodDef TestMethods[] = {
     {"check_pyimport_addmodule", check_pyimport_addmodule, METH_VARARGS},
     {"test_weakref_capi", test_weakref_capi, METH_NOARGS},
     {"function_set_warning", function_set_warning, METH_NOARGS},
+    {"test_critical_sections", test_critical_sections, METH_NOARGS},
+    {"finalize_thread_hang", finalize_thread_hang, METH_O, NULL},
+    {"type_freeze", type_freeze, METH_VARARGS},
     {NULL, NULL} /* sentinel */
 };
 
@@ -3567,7 +3599,7 @@ static PyTypeObject matmulType = {
     0,
     0,
     PyType_GenericNew,                  /* tp_new */
-    PyObject_Del,                       /* tp_free */
+    PyObject_Free,                      /* tp_free */
 };
 
 typedef struct {
@@ -3679,7 +3711,7 @@ static PyTypeObject awaitType = {
     0,
     0,
     awaitObject_new,                    /* tp_new */
-    PyObject_Del,                       /* tp_free */
+    PyObject_Free,                      /* tp_free */
 };
 
 
@@ -4040,6 +4072,12 @@ PyInit__testcapi(void)
 
     PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "the_number_three", 3);
     PyModule_AddIntMacro(m, Py_C_RECURSION_LIMIT);
+    PyModule_AddObject(m, "INT32_MIN", PyLong_FromInt32(INT32_MIN));
+    PyModule_AddObject(m, "INT32_MAX", PyLong_FromInt32(INT32_MAX));
+    PyModule_AddObject(m, "UINT32_MAX", PyLong_FromUInt32(UINT32_MAX));
+    PyModule_AddObject(m, "INT64_MIN", PyLong_FromInt64(INT64_MIN));
+    PyModule_AddObject(m, "INT64_MAX", PyLong_FromInt64(INT64_MAX));
+    PyModule_AddObject(m, "UINT64_MAX", PyLong_FromUInt64(UINT64_MAX));
 
     if (PyModule_AddIntMacro(m, Py_single_input)) {
         return NULL;
@@ -4160,6 +4198,9 @@ PyInit__testcapi(void)
     if (_PyTestCapi_Init_Object(m) < 0) {
         return NULL;
     }
+    if (_PyTestCapi_Init_Config(m) < 0) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
 
     PyState_AddModule(m, &_testcapimodule);
     return m;
diff --git a/Modules/_testclinic.c b/Modules/_testclinic.c
index 4187e13231dc69..ca884af1aa29b8 100644
--- a/Modules/_testclinic.c
+++ b/Modules/_testclinic.c
@@ -963,43 +963,60 @@ keyword_only_parameter_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *a)
 
 
 /*[clinic input]
-posonly_vararg
+varpos
+
+    *args: object
+
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+
+static PyObject *
+varpos_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *args)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=7b0b9545872bdca4 input=f87cd674145d394c]*/
+{
+    return Py_NewRef(args);
+}
+
+
+/*[clinic input]
+posonly_varpos
 
     a: object
-    /
     b: object
+    /
     *args: object
 
 [clinic start generated code]*/
 
 static PyObject *
-posonly_vararg_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *a, PyObject *b,
+posonly_varpos_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *a, PyObject *b,
                     PyObject *args)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=ee6713acda6b954e input=783427fe7ec2b67a]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=5dae5eb2a0d623cd input=c9fd7895cfbaabba]*/
 {
     return pack_arguments_newref(3, a, b, args);
 }
 
 
 /*[clinic input]
-vararg_and_posonly
+posonly_poskw_varpos
 
     a: object
-    *args: object
     /
+    b: object
+    *args: object
 
 [clinic start generated code]*/
 
 static PyObject *
-vararg_and_posonly_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *a, PyObject *args)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=42792f799465a14d input=defe017b19ba52e8]*/
+posonly_poskw_varpos_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *a, PyObject *b,
+                          PyObject *args)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=bffdb7649941c939 input=b3d7a734e0625f68]*/
 {
-    return pack_arguments_newref(2, a, args);
+    return pack_arguments_newref(3, a, b, args);
 }
 
 
 /*[clinic input]
-vararg
+poskw_varpos
 
     a: object
     *args: object
@@ -1007,15 +1024,15 @@ vararg
 [clinic start generated code]*/
 
 static PyObject *
-vararg_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *a, PyObject *args)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=91ab7a0efc52dd5e input=02c0f772d05f591e]*/
+poskw_varpos_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *a, PyObject *args)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=2413ddfb5ef22794 input=a1dff12d00422484]*/
 {
     return pack_arguments_newref(2, a, args);
 }
 
 
 /*[clinic input]
-vararg_with_default
+poskw_varpos_kwonly_opt
 
     a: object
     *args: object
@@ -1024,9 +1041,9 @@ vararg_with_default
 [clinic start generated code]*/
 
 static PyObject *
-vararg_with_default_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *a, PyObject *args,
-                         int b)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=182c01035958ce92 input=68cafa6a79f89e36]*/
+poskw_varpos_kwonly_opt_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *a, PyObject *args,
+                             int b)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=f36d35ba6133463b input=1721d43dc5f6d856]*/
 {
     PyObject *obj_b = b ? Py_True : Py_False;
     return pack_arguments_newref(3, a, args, obj_b);
@@ -1034,21 +1051,59 @@ vararg_with_default_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *a, PyObject *args,
 
 
 /*[clinic input]
-vararg_with_only_defaults
+poskw_varpos_kwonly_opt2
 
+    a: object
     *args: object
-    b: object = None
+    b: object = False
+    c: object = False
 
 [clinic start generated code]*/
 
 static PyObject *
-vararg_with_only_defaults_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *args, PyObject *b)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=c06b1826d91f2f7b input=678c069bc67550e1]*/
+poskw_varpos_kwonly_opt2_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *a, PyObject *args,
+                              PyObject *b, PyObject *c)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=846cef62c6c40463 input=bb4b8d1577a8a408]*/
+{
+    return pack_arguments_newref(4, a, args, b, c);
+}
+
+
+/*[clinic input]
+varpos_kwonly_opt
+
+    *args: object
+    b: object = False
+
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+
+static PyObject *
+varpos_kwonly_opt_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *args, PyObject *b)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=3b7bf98b091f5731 input=380fb00deec847e8]*/
 {
     return pack_arguments_newref(2, args, b);
 }
 
 
+/*[clinic input]
+varpos_kwonly_req_opt
+
+    *args: object
+    a: object
+    b: object = False
+    c: object = False
+
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+
+static PyObject *
+varpos_kwonly_req_opt_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *args, PyObject *a,
+                           PyObject *b, PyObject *c)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=165274e1fd037ae9 input=530794afd0690c22]*/
+{
+    return pack_arguments_newref(4, args, a, b, c);
+}
+
+
 
 /*[clinic input]
 gh_32092_oob
@@ -1096,7 +1151,6 @@ gh_32092_kw_pass_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *pos, PyObject *args,
 gh_99233_refcount
 
     *args: object
-    /
 
 Proof-of-concept of GH-99233 refcount error bug.
 
@@ -1104,7 +1158,7 @@ Proof-of-concept of GH-99233 refcount error bug.
 
 static PyObject *
 gh_99233_refcount_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *args)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=585855abfbca9a7f input=85f5fb47ac91a626]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=585855abfbca9a7f input=eecfdc2092d90dc3]*/
 {
     Py_RETURN_NONE;
 }
@@ -1246,9 +1300,44 @@ _testclinic_TestClass_get_defining_class_arg_impl(PyObject *self,
     return PyTuple_Pack(2, cls, arg);
 }
 
+/*[clinic input]
+_testclinic.TestClass.defclass_varpos
+    cls: defining_class
+    *args: object
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+
+static PyObject *
+_testclinic_TestClass_defclass_varpos_impl(PyObject *self, PyTypeObject *cls,
+                                           PyObject *args)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=fad33f2d3a8d778d input=47071dcda393a7e1]*/
+{
+    return PyTuple_Pack(2, cls, args);
+}
+
+/*[clinic input]
+_testclinic.TestClass.defclass_posonly_varpos
+    cls: defining_class
+    a: object
+    b: object
+    /
+    *args: object
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+
+static PyObject *
+_testclinic_TestClass_defclass_posonly_varpos_impl(PyObject *self,
+                                                   PyTypeObject *cls,
+                                                   PyObject *a, PyObject *b,
+                                                   PyObject *args)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=1740fcf48d230b07 input=40f2e56286d4a7ef]*/
+{
+    return pack_arguments_newref(4, cls, a, b, args);
+}
+
 static struct PyMethodDef test_class_methods[] = {
     _TESTCLINIC_TESTCLASS_GET_DEFINING_CLASS_METHODDEF
     _TESTCLINIC_TESTCLASS_GET_DEFINING_CLASS_ARG_METHODDEF
+    _TESTCLINIC_TESTCLASS_DEFCLASS_VARPOS_METHODDEF
+    _TESTCLINIC_TESTCLASS_DEFCLASS_POSONLY_VARPOS_METHODDEF
     {NULL, NULL}
 };
 
@@ -1887,6 +1976,7 @@ static PyMethodDef tester_methods[] = {
     STR_CONVERTER_METHODDEF
     STR_CONVERTER_ENCODING_METHODDEF
     PY_BUFFER_CONVERTER_METHODDEF
+
     KEYWORDS_METHODDEF
     KEYWORDS_KWONLY_METHODDEF
     KEYWORDS_OPT_METHODDEF
@@ -1903,16 +1993,21 @@ static PyMethodDef tester_methods[] = {
     POSONLY_KEYWORDS_OPT_KWONLY_OPT_METHODDEF
     POSONLY_OPT_KEYWORDS_OPT_KWONLY_OPT_METHODDEF
     KEYWORD_ONLY_PARAMETER_METHODDEF
-    POSONLY_VARARG_METHODDEF
-    VARARG_AND_POSONLY_METHODDEF
-    VARARG_METHODDEF
-    VARARG_WITH_DEFAULT_METHODDEF
-    VARARG_WITH_ONLY_DEFAULTS_METHODDEF
+
+    VARPOS_METHODDEF
+    POSONLY_VARPOS_METHODDEF
+    POSONLY_POSKW_VARPOS_METHODDEF
+    POSKW_VARPOS_METHODDEF
+    POSKW_VARPOS_KWONLY_OPT_METHODDEF
+    POSKW_VARPOS_KWONLY_OPT2_METHODDEF
+    VARPOS_KWONLY_OPT_METHODDEF
+    VARPOS_KWONLY_REQ_OPT_METHODDEF
     GH_32092_OOB_METHODDEF
     GH_32092_KW_PASS_METHODDEF
     GH_99233_REFCOUNT_METHODDEF
     GH_99240_DOUBLE_FREE_METHODDEF
     NULL_OR_TUPLE_FOR_VARARGS_METHODDEF
+
     CLONE_F1_METHODDEF
     CLONE_F2_METHODDEF
     CLONE_WITH_CONV_F1_METHODDEF
diff --git a/Modules/_testexternalinspection.c b/Modules/_testexternalinspection.c
index 2a665affb5e7f8..0807d1e47b6736 100644
--- a/Modules/_testexternalinspection.c
+++ b/Modules/_testexternalinspection.c
@@ -51,7 +51,9 @@
 #    define Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE 1
 #endif
 #include "Python.h"
-#include <internal/pycore_runtime.h>
+#include <internal/pycore_debug_offsets.h>  // _Py_DebugOffsets
+#include <internal/pycore_frame.h>          // FRAME_OWNED_BY_CSTACK
+#include <internal/pycore_stackref.h>       // Py_TAG_BITS
 
 #ifndef HAVE_PROCESS_VM_READV
 #    define HAVE_PROCESS_VM_READV 0
@@ -510,7 +512,7 @@ parse_frame_object(
         return 0;
     }
 
-    void* address_of_code_object;
+    uintptr_t address_of_code_object;
     bytes_read = read_memory(
             pid,
             (void*)(address + offsets->interpreter_frame.executable),
@@ -520,10 +522,11 @@ parse_frame_object(
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if (address_of_code_object == NULL) {
+    if (address_of_code_object == 0) {
         return 0;
     }
-    return parse_code_object(pid, result, offsets, address_of_code_object, previous_frame);
+    address_of_code_object &= ~Py_TAG_BITS;
+    return parse_code_object(pid, result, offsets, (void *)address_of_code_object, previous_frame);
 }
 
 static PyObject*
diff --git a/Modules/_testinternalcapi.c b/Modules/_testinternalcapi.c
index 6d4a00c06ca9de..eb98b433c6c6af 100644
--- a/Modules/_testinternalcapi.c
+++ b/Modules/_testinternalcapi.c
@@ -681,13 +681,13 @@ set_eval_frame_default(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(args))
 static PyObject *
 record_eval(PyThreadState *tstate, struct _PyInterpreterFrame *f, int exc)
 {
-    if (PyFunction_Check(f->f_funcobj)) {
+    if (PyStackRef_FunctionCheck(f->f_funcobj)) {
+        PyFunctionObject *func = _PyFrame_GetFunction(f);
         PyObject *module = _get_current_module();
         assert(module != NULL);
         module_state *state = get_module_state(module);
         Py_DECREF(module);
-        int res = PyList_Append(state->record_list,
-                                ((PyFunctionObject *)f->f_funcobj)->func_name);
+        int res = PyList_Append(state->record_list, func->func_name);
         if (res < 0) {
             return NULL;
         }
@@ -991,13 +991,13 @@ get_co_framesize(PyObject *self, PyObject *arg)
 static PyObject *
 new_counter_optimizer(PyObject *self, PyObject *arg)
 {
-    return PyUnstable_Optimizer_NewCounter();
+    return _PyOptimizer_NewCounter();
 }
 
 static PyObject *
 new_uop_optimizer(PyObject *self, PyObject *arg)
 {
-    return PyUnstable_Optimizer_NewUOpOptimizer();
+    return _PyOptimizer_NewUOpOptimizer();
 }
 
 static PyObject *
@@ -1006,7 +1006,7 @@ set_optimizer(PyObject *self, PyObject *opt)
     if (opt == Py_None) {
         opt = NULL;
     }
-    if (PyUnstable_SetOptimizer((_PyOptimizerObject*)opt) < 0) {
+    if (_Py_SetTier2Optimizer((_PyOptimizerObject*)opt) < 0) {
         return NULL;
     }
     Py_RETURN_NONE;
@@ -1017,7 +1017,7 @@ get_optimizer(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
     PyObject *opt = NULL;
 #ifdef _Py_TIER2
-    opt = (PyObject *)PyUnstable_GetOptimizer();
+    opt = (PyObject *)_Py_GetOptimizer();
 #endif
     if (opt == NULL) {
         Py_RETURN_NONE;
@@ -1586,8 +1586,8 @@ exec_interpreter(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
     }
 
     PyObject *res = NULL;
-    PyThreadState *tstate = PyThreadState_New(interp);
-    _PyThreadState_SetWhence(tstate, _PyThreadState_WHENCE_EXEC);
+    PyThreadState *tstate =
+        _PyThreadState_NewBound(interp, _PyThreadState_WHENCE_EXEC);
 
     PyThreadState *save_tstate = PyThreadState_Swap(tstate);
 
@@ -1853,7 +1853,7 @@ _testinternalcapi_test_long_numbits_impl(PyObject *module)
 {
     struct triple {
         long input;
-        size_t nbits;
+        uint64_t nbits;
         int sign;
     } testcases[] = {{0, 0, 0},
                      {1L, 1, 1},
@@ -1873,7 +1873,7 @@ _testinternalcapi_test_long_numbits_impl(PyObject *module)
     size_t i;
 
     for (i = 0; i < Py_ARRAY_LENGTH(testcases); ++i) {
-        size_t nbits;
+        uint64_t nbits;
         int sign;
         PyObject *plong;
 
@@ -1965,32 +1965,6 @@ get_py_thread_id(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 }
 #endif
 
-static PyObject *
-suppress_immortalization(PyObject *self, PyObject *value)
-{
-#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
-    int suppress = PyObject_IsTrue(value);
-    if (suppress < 0) {
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    PyInterpreterState *interp = PyInterpreterState_Get();
-    // Subtract two to suppress immortalization (so that 1 -> -1)
-    _Py_atomic_add_int(&interp->gc.immortalize, suppress ? -2 : 2);
-#endif
-    Py_RETURN_NONE;
-}
-
-static PyObject *
-get_immortalize_deferred(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
-{
-#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
-    PyInterpreterState *interp = PyInterpreterState_Get();
-    return PyBool_FromLong(_Py_atomic_load_int(&interp->gc.immortalize) >= 0);
-#else
-    Py_RETURN_FALSE;
-#endif
-}
-
 static PyObject *
 has_inline_values(PyObject *self, PyObject *obj)
 {
@@ -2002,6 +1976,21 @@ has_inline_values(PyObject *self, PyObject *obj)
 }
 
 
+// Circumvents standard version assignment machinery - use with caution and only on
+// short-lived heap types
+static PyObject *
+type_assign_specific_version_unsafe(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
+{
+    PyTypeObject *type;
+    unsigned int version;
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "Oi:type_assign_specific_version_unsafe", &type, &version)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    assert(!PyType_HasFeature(type, Py_TPFLAGS_IMMUTABLETYPE));
+    _PyType_SetVersion(type, version);
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
+}
+
 /*[clinic input]
 gh_119213_getargs
 
@@ -2020,6 +2009,20 @@ gh_119213_getargs_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *spam)
 }
 
 
+static PyObject *
+get_static_builtin_types(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
+{
+    return _PyStaticType_GetBuiltins();
+}
+
+
+static PyObject *
+identify_type_slot_wrappers(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
+{
+    return _PyType_GetSlotWrapperNames();
+}
+
+
 static PyMethodDef module_functions[] = {
     {"get_configs", get_configs, METH_NOARGS},
     {"get_recursion_depth", get_recursion_depth, METH_NOARGS},
@@ -2102,15 +2105,18 @@ static PyMethodDef module_functions[] = {
     {"get_rare_event_counters", get_rare_event_counters, METH_NOARGS},
     {"reset_rare_event_counters", reset_rare_event_counters, METH_NOARGS},
     {"has_inline_values", has_inline_values, METH_O},
+    {"type_assign_specific_version_unsafe", type_assign_specific_version_unsafe, METH_VARARGS,
+     PyDoc_STR("forcefully assign type->tp_version_tag")},
+
 #ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
     {"py_thread_id", get_py_thread_id, METH_NOARGS},
 #endif
-    {"suppress_immortalization", suppress_immortalization, METH_O},
-    {"get_immortalize_deferred", get_immortalize_deferred, METH_NOARGS},
 #ifdef _Py_TIER2
     {"uop_symbols_test", _Py_uop_symbols_test, METH_NOARGS},
 #endif
     GH_119213_GETARGS_METHODDEF
+    {"get_static_builtin_types", get_static_builtin_types, METH_NOARGS},
+    {"identify_type_slot_wrappers", identify_type_slot_wrappers, METH_NOARGS},
     {NULL, NULL} /* sentinel */
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/_testinternalcapi/test_critical_sections.c b/Modules/_testinternalcapi/test_critical_sections.c
index 1c0e049efafcb7..1df960f9881f70 100644
--- a/Modules/_testinternalcapi/test_critical_sections.c
+++ b/Modules/_testinternalcapi/test_critical_sections.c
@@ -130,6 +130,7 @@ test_critical_sections_suspend(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(args))
     Py_RETURN_NONE;
 }
 
+#ifdef Py_CAN_START_THREADS
 struct test_data {
     PyObject *obj1;
     PyObject *obj2;
@@ -170,7 +171,6 @@ thread_critical_sections(void *arg)
     }
 }
 
-#ifdef Py_CAN_START_THREADS
 static PyObject *
 test_critical_sections_threads(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(args))
 {
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ test_critical_sections_threads(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(args))
     assert(test_data.obj2 != NULL);
     assert(test_data.obj3 != NULL);
 
-    for (int i = 0; i < NUM_THREADS; i++) {
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < NUM_THREADS; i++) {
         PyThread_start_new_thread(&thread_critical_sections, &test_data);
     }
     PyEvent_Wait(&test_data.done_event);
@@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ test_critical_sections_gc(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(args))
     };
     assert(test_data.obj != NULL);
 
-    for (int i = 0; i < NUM_THREADS; i++) {
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < NUM_THREADS; i++) {
         PyThread_start_new_thread(&thread_gc, &test_data);
     }
     PyEvent_Wait(&test_data.done_event);
diff --git a/Modules/_testinternalcapi/test_lock.c b/Modules/_testinternalcapi/test_lock.c
index 1544fe1363c7c5..8d678412fe7179 100644
--- a/Modules/_testinternalcapi/test_lock.c
+++ b/Modules/_testinternalcapi/test_lock.c
@@ -36,9 +36,9 @@ test_lock_basic(PyObject *self, PyObject *obj)
 
     // uncontended lock and unlock
     PyMutex_Lock(&m);
-    assert(m.v == 1);
+    assert(m._bits == 1);
     PyMutex_Unlock(&m);
-    assert(m.v == 0);
+    assert(m._bits == 0);
 
     Py_RETURN_NONE;
 }
@@ -57,10 +57,10 @@ lock_thread(void *arg)
     _Py_atomic_store_int(&test_data->started, 1);
 
     PyMutex_Lock(m);
-    assert(m->v == 1);
+    assert(m->_bits == 1);
 
     PyMutex_Unlock(m);
-    assert(m->v == 0);
+    assert(m->_bits == 0);
 
     _PyEvent_Notify(&test_data->done);
 }
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ test_lock_two_threads(PyObject *self, PyObject *obj)
     memset(&test_data, 0, sizeof(test_data));
 
     PyMutex_Lock(&test_data.m);
-    assert(test_data.m.v == 1);
+    assert(test_data.m._bits == 1);
 
     PyThread_start_new_thread(lock_thread, &test_data);
 
@@ -82,17 +82,17 @@ test_lock_two_threads(PyObject *self, PyObject *obj)
     uint8_t v;
     do {
         pysleep(10);  // allow some time for the other thread to try to lock
-        v = _Py_atomic_load_uint8_relaxed(&test_data.m.v);
+        v = _Py_atomic_load_uint8_relaxed(&test_data.m._bits);
         assert(v == 1 || v == 3);
         iters++;
     } while (v != 3 && iters < 200);
 
     // both the "locked" and the "has parked" bits should be set
-    assert(test_data.m.v == 3);
+    assert(test_data.m._bits == 3);
 
     PyMutex_Unlock(&test_data.m);
     PyEvent_Wait(&test_data.done);
-    assert(test_data.m.v == 0);
+    assert(test_data.m._bits == 0);
 
     Py_RETURN_NONE;
 }
diff --git a/Modules/_testlimitedcapi.c b/Modules/_testlimitedcapi.c
index fb5cdb6ca9e1d3..ba83a23117b2a5 100644
--- a/Modules/_testlimitedcapi.c
+++ b/Modules/_testlimitedcapi.c
@@ -38,12 +38,18 @@ PyInit__testlimitedcapi(void)
     if (_PyTestLimitedCAPI_Init_Bytes(mod) < 0) {
         return NULL;
     }
+    if (_PyTestLimitedCAPI_Init_Codec(mod) < 0) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
     if (_PyTestLimitedCAPI_Init_Complex(mod) < 0) {
         return NULL;
     }
     if (_PyTestLimitedCAPI_Init_Dict(mod) < 0) {
         return NULL;
     }
+    if (_PyTestLimitedCAPI_Init_Eval(mod) < 0) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
     if (_PyTestLimitedCAPI_Init_Float(mod) < 0) {
         return NULL;
     }
@@ -68,6 +74,9 @@ PyInit__testlimitedcapi(void)
     if (_PyTestLimitedCAPI_Init_Sys(mod) < 0) {
         return NULL;
     }
+    if (_PyTestLimitedCAPI_Init_Tuple(mod) < 0) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
     if (_PyTestLimitedCAPI_Init_Unicode(mod) < 0) {
         return NULL;
     }
diff --git a/Modules/_testlimitedcapi/clinic/heaptype_relative.c.h b/Modules/_testlimitedcapi/clinic/heaptype_relative.c.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..994f83102adfb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Modules/_testlimitedcapi/clinic/heaptype_relative.c.h
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/*[clinic input]
+preserve
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR(make_heaptype_with_member__doc__,
+"make_heaptype_with_member($module, /, extra_base_size=0, basicsize=0,\n"
+"                          member_offset=0, add_relative_flag=False, *,\n"
+"                          member_name=\'memb\', member_flags=0,\n"
+"                          member_type=-1)\n"
+"--\n"
+"\n");
+
+#define MAKE_HEAPTYPE_WITH_MEMBER_METHODDEF    \
+    {"make_heaptype_with_member", (PyCFunction)(void(*)(void))make_heaptype_with_member, METH_VARARGS|METH_KEYWORDS, make_heaptype_with_member__doc__},
+
+static PyObject *
+make_heaptype_with_member_impl(PyObject *module, int extra_base_size,
+                               int basicsize, int member_offset,
+                               int add_relative_flag,
+                               const char *member_name, int member_flags,
+                               int member_type);
+
+static PyObject *
+make_heaptype_with_member(PyObject *module, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
+{
+    PyObject *return_value = NULL;
+    static char *_keywords[] = {"extra_base_size", "basicsize", "member_offset", "add_relative_flag", "member_name", "member_flags", "member_type", NULL};
+    int extra_base_size = 0;
+    int basicsize = 0;
+    int member_offset = 0;
+    int add_relative_flag = 0;
+    const char *member_name = "memb";
+    int member_flags = 0;
+    int member_type = Py_T_BYTE;
+
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwargs, "|iiip$sii:make_heaptype_with_member", _keywords,
+        &extra_base_size, &basicsize, &member_offset, &add_relative_flag, &member_name, &member_flags, &member_type))
+        goto exit;
+    return_value = make_heaptype_with_member_impl(module, extra_base_size, basicsize, member_offset, add_relative_flag, member_name, member_flags, member_type);
+
+exit:
+    return return_value;
+}
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=01933185947faecc input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff --git a/Modules/_testlimitedcapi/codec.c b/Modules/_testlimitedcapi/codec.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..fdc18eedc2d288
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Modules/_testlimitedcapi/codec.c
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#include "pyconfig.h"   // Py_GIL_DISABLED
+
+// Need limited C API version 3.5 for PyCodec_NameReplaceErrors()
+#if !defined(Py_GIL_DISABLED) && !defined(Py_LIMITED_API)
+#  define Py_LIMITED_API 0x03050000
+#endif
+
+#include "parts.h"
+
+static PyObject *
+codec_namereplace_errors(PyObject *Py_UNUSED(module), PyObject *exc)
+{
+    assert(exc != NULL);
+    return PyCodec_NameReplaceErrors(exc);
+}
+
+static PyMethodDef test_methods[] = {
+    {"codec_namereplace_errors", codec_namereplace_errors, METH_O},
+    {NULL},
+};
+
+int
+_PyTestLimitedCAPI_Init_Codec(PyObject *module)
+{
+    if (PyModule_AddFunctions(module, test_methods) < 0) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/Modules/_testlimitedcapi/eval.c b/Modules/_testlimitedcapi/eval.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..28f5746dfb1783
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Modules/_testlimitedcapi/eval.c
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+#include "parts.h"
+#include "util.h"
+
+static PyObject *
+eval_get_func_name(PyObject *self, PyObject *func)
+{
+    return PyUnicode_FromString(PyEval_GetFuncName(func));
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+eval_get_func_desc(PyObject *self, PyObject *func)
+{
+    return PyUnicode_FromString(PyEval_GetFuncDesc(func));
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+eval_getlocals(PyObject *module, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(args))
+{
+    return Py_XNewRef(PyEval_GetLocals());
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+eval_getglobals(PyObject *module, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(args))
+{
+    return Py_XNewRef(PyEval_GetGlobals());
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+eval_getbuiltins(PyObject *module, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(args))
+{
+    return Py_XNewRef(PyEval_GetBuiltins());
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+eval_getframe(PyObject *module, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(args))
+{
+    return Py_XNewRef(PyEval_GetFrame());
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+eval_getframe_builtins(PyObject *module, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(args))
+{
+    return PyEval_GetFrameBuiltins();
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+eval_getframe_globals(PyObject *module, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(args))
+{
+    return PyEval_GetFrameGlobals();
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+eval_getframe_locals(PyObject *module, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(args))
+{
+    return PyEval_GetFrameLocals();
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+eval_get_recursion_limit(PyObject *module, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(args))
+{
+    int limit = Py_GetRecursionLimit();
+    return PyLong_FromLong(limit);
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+eval_set_recursion_limit(PyObject *module, PyObject *args)
+{
+    int limit;
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "i", &limit)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    Py_SetRecursionLimit(limit);
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
+}
+
+static PyMethodDef test_methods[] = {
+    {"eval_get_func_name", eval_get_func_name, METH_O, NULL},
+    {"eval_get_func_desc", eval_get_func_desc, METH_O, NULL},
+    {"eval_getlocals", eval_getlocals, METH_NOARGS},
+    {"eval_getglobals", eval_getglobals, METH_NOARGS},
+    {"eval_getbuiltins", eval_getbuiltins, METH_NOARGS},
+    {"eval_getframe", eval_getframe, METH_NOARGS},
+    {"eval_getframe_builtins", eval_getframe_builtins, METH_NOARGS},
+    {"eval_getframe_globals", eval_getframe_globals, METH_NOARGS},
+    {"eval_getframe_locals", eval_getframe_locals, METH_NOARGS},
+    {"eval_get_recursion_limit", eval_get_recursion_limit, METH_NOARGS},
+    {"eval_set_recursion_limit", eval_set_recursion_limit, METH_VARARGS},
+    {NULL},
+};
+
+int
+_PyTestLimitedCAPI_Init_Eval(PyObject *m)
+{
+    return PyModule_AddFunctions(m, test_methods);
+}
diff --git a/Modules/_testlimitedcapi/heaptype_relative.c b/Modules/_testlimitedcapi/heaptype_relative.c
index c2531518d86a51..45d65ee47349f9 100644
--- a/Modules/_testlimitedcapi/heaptype_relative.c
+++ b/Modules/_testlimitedcapi/heaptype_relative.c
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@
 #include <stddef.h>               // max_align_t
 #include <string.h>               // memset
 
+#include "clinic/heaptype_relative.c.h"
+
 static PyType_Slot empty_slots[] = {
     {0, NULL},
 };
@@ -247,6 +249,81 @@ heaptype_with_member_set_memb_relative(PyObject *self, PyObject *value)
     Py_RETURN_NONE;
 }
 
+typedef struct {
+    int padding;  // just so the offset isn't 0
+    PyObject *dict;
+} HeapCTypeWithDictStruct;
+
+static void
+heapctypewithrelativedict_dealloc(PyObject* self)
+{
+    PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(self);
+    HeapCTypeWithDictStruct *data = PyObject_GetTypeData(self, tp);
+    Py_XDECREF(data->dict);
+    PyObject_Free(self);
+    Py_DECREF(tp);
+}
+
+static PyType_Spec HeapCTypeWithRelativeDict_spec = {
+    .name = "_testcapi.HeapCTypeWithRelativeDict",
+    .basicsize = -(int)sizeof(HeapCTypeWithDictStruct),
+    .flags = Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE,
+    .slots = (PyType_Slot[]) {
+        {Py_tp_dealloc, heapctypewithrelativedict_dealloc},
+        {Py_tp_getset, (PyGetSetDef[]) {
+            {"__dict__", PyObject_GenericGetDict, PyObject_GenericSetDict},
+            {NULL} /* Sentinel */
+        }},
+        {Py_tp_members, (PyMemberDef[]) {
+            {"dictobj", _Py_T_OBJECT,
+             offsetof(HeapCTypeWithDictStruct, dict),
+             Py_RELATIVE_OFFSET},
+            {"__dictoffset__", Py_T_PYSSIZET,
+             offsetof(HeapCTypeWithDictStruct, dict),
+             Py_READONLY | Py_RELATIVE_OFFSET},
+            {NULL} /* Sentinel */
+        }},
+        {0, 0},
+    }
+};
+
+typedef struct {
+    char padding;  // just so the offset isn't 0
+    PyObject *weakreflist;
+} HeapCTypeWithWeakrefStruct;
+
+static void
+heapctypewithrelativeweakref_dealloc(PyObject* self)
+{
+    PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(self);
+    HeapCTypeWithWeakrefStruct *data = PyObject_GetTypeData(self, tp);
+    if (data->weakreflist != NULL) {
+        PyObject_ClearWeakRefs(self);
+    }
+    Py_XDECREF(data->weakreflist);
+    PyObject_Free(self);
+    Py_DECREF(tp);
+}
+
+static PyType_Spec HeapCTypeWithRelativeWeakref_spec = {
+    .name = "_testcapi.HeapCTypeWithRelativeWeakref",
+    .basicsize = -(int)sizeof(HeapCTypeWithWeakrefStruct),
+    .flags = Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE,
+    .slots = (PyType_Slot[]) {
+        {Py_tp_dealloc, heapctypewithrelativeweakref_dealloc},
+        {Py_tp_members, (PyMemberDef[]) {
+            {"weakreflist", _Py_T_OBJECT,
+             offsetof(HeapCTypeWithWeakrefStruct, weakreflist),
+             Py_RELATIVE_OFFSET},
+            {"__weaklistoffset__", Py_T_PYSSIZET,
+             offsetof(HeapCTypeWithWeakrefStruct, weakreflist),
+             Py_READONLY | Py_RELATIVE_OFFSET},
+            {NULL} /* Sentinel */
+        }},
+        {0, 0},
+    }
+};
+
 static PyMethodDef heaptype_with_member_methods[] = {
     {"get_memb", heaptype_with_member_get_memb, METH_NOARGS},
     {"set_memb", heaptype_with_member_set_memb, METH_O},
@@ -256,19 +333,31 @@ static PyMethodDef heaptype_with_member_methods[] = {
     {NULL},
 };
 
+/*[clinic input]
+make_heaptype_with_member
+
+    extra_base_size: int = 0
+    basicsize: int = 0
+    member_offset: int = 0
+    add_relative_flag: bool = False
+    *
+    member_name: str = "memb"
+    member_flags: int = 0
+    member_type: int(c_default="Py_T_BYTE") = -1
+
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+
 static PyObject *
-make_heaptype_with_member(PyObject *module, PyObject *args)
+make_heaptype_with_member_impl(PyObject *module, int extra_base_size,
+                               int basicsize, int member_offset,
+                               int add_relative_flag,
+                               const char *member_name, int member_flags,
+                               int member_type)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=7005db9a07396997 input=007e29cdbe1d3390]*/
 {
     PyObject *base = NULL;
     PyObject *result = NULL;
 
-    int extra_base_size, basicsize, offset, add_flag;
-
-    int r = PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "iiip", &extra_base_size, &basicsize, &offset, &add_flag);
-    if (!r) {
-        goto finally;
-    }
-
     PyType_Spec base_spec = {
         .name = "_testcapi.Base",
         .basicsize = sizeof(PyObject) + extra_base_size,
@@ -281,7 +370,8 @@ make_heaptype_with_member(PyObject *module, PyObject *args)
     }
 
     PyMemberDef members[] = {
-        {"memb", Py_T_BYTE, offset, add_flag ? Py_RELATIVE_OFFSET : 0},
+        {member_name, member_type, member_offset,
+            member_flags | (add_relative_flag ? Py_RELATIVE_OFFSET : 0)},
         {0},
     };
     PyType_Slot slots[] = {
@@ -325,7 +415,7 @@ static PyMethodDef TestMethods[] = {
     {"make_sized_heaptypes", make_sized_heaptypes, METH_VARARGS},
     {"subclass_var_heaptype", subclass_var_heaptype, METH_VARARGS},
     {"subclass_heaptype", subclass_heaptype, METH_VARARGS},
-    {"make_heaptype_with_member", make_heaptype_with_member, METH_VARARGS},
+    MAKE_HEAPTYPE_WITH_MEMBER_METHODDEF
     {"test_alignof_max_align_t", test_alignof_max_align_t, METH_NOARGS},
     {NULL},
 };
@@ -341,5 +431,42 @@ _PyTestLimitedCAPI_Init_HeaptypeRelative(PyObject *m)
         return -1;
     }
 
+#define ADD_FROM_SPEC(SPEC) do {                                \
+        PyObject *tp = PyType_FromSpec(SPEC);                   \
+        if (!tp) {                                              \
+            return -1;                                          \
+        }                                                       \
+        if (PyModule_AddType(m, (PyTypeObject *)tp) < 0) {      \
+            return -1;                                          \
+        }                                                       \
+    } while (0)
+
+    PyObject *tp;
+
+    tp = PyType_FromSpec(&HeapCTypeWithRelativeDict_spec);
+    if (!tp) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    if (PyModule_AddType(m, (PyTypeObject *)tp) < 0) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    Py_DECREF(tp);
+
+    tp = PyType_FromSpec(&HeapCTypeWithRelativeWeakref_spec);
+    if (!tp) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    if (PyModule_AddType(m, (PyTypeObject *)tp) < 0) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    Py_DECREF(tp);
+
+    if (PyModule_AddIntMacro(m, Py_T_PYSSIZET) < 0) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    if (PyModule_AddIntMacro(m, Py_READONLY) < 0) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
     return 0;
 }
diff --git a/Modules/_testlimitedcapi/long.c b/Modules/_testlimitedcapi/long.c
index 5953009b6ef9b7..b9c35803b423c2 100644
--- a/Modules/_testlimitedcapi/long.c
+++ b/Modules/_testlimitedcapi/long.c
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #include "pyconfig.h"   // Py_GIL_DISABLED
 #ifndef Py_GIL_DISABLED
-   // Need limited C API 3.13 to test PyLong_AsInt()
-#  define Py_LIMITED_API 0x030d0000
+   // Need limited C API 3.14 to test PyLong_AsInt64()
+#  define Py_LIMITED_API 0x030e0000
 #endif
 
 #include "parts.h"
@@ -758,6 +758,52 @@ pylong_aspid(PyObject *module, PyObject *arg)
 }
 
 
+static PyObject *
+pylong_asint32(PyObject *module, PyObject *arg)
+{
+    NULLABLE(arg);
+    int32_t value;
+    if (PyLong_AsInt32(arg, &value) < 0) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    return PyLong_FromInt32(value);
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+pylong_asuint32(PyObject *module, PyObject *arg)
+{
+    NULLABLE(arg);
+    uint32_t value;
+    if (PyLong_AsUInt32(arg, &value) < 0) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    return PyLong_FromUInt32(value);
+}
+
+
+static PyObject *
+pylong_asint64(PyObject *module, PyObject *arg)
+{
+    NULLABLE(arg);
+    int64_t value;
+    if (PyLong_AsInt64(arg, &value) < 0) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    return PyLong_FromInt64(value);
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+pylong_asuint64(PyObject *module, PyObject *arg)
+{
+    NULLABLE(arg);
+    uint64_t value;
+    if (PyLong_AsUInt64(arg, &value) < 0) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    return PyLong_FromUInt64(value);
+}
+
+
 static PyMethodDef test_methods[] = {
     _TESTLIMITEDCAPI_TEST_LONG_AND_OVERFLOW_METHODDEF
     _TESTLIMITEDCAPI_TEST_LONG_API_METHODDEF
@@ -785,6 +831,10 @@ static PyMethodDef test_methods[] = {
     {"pylong_asdouble",             pylong_asdouble,            METH_O},
     {"pylong_asvoidptr",            pylong_asvoidptr,           METH_O},
     {"pylong_aspid",                pylong_aspid,               METH_O},
+    {"pylong_asint32",              pylong_asint32,             METH_O},
+    {"pylong_asuint32",             pylong_asuint32,            METH_O},
+    {"pylong_asint64",              pylong_asint64,             METH_O},
+    {"pylong_asuint64",             pylong_asuint64,            METH_O},
     {NULL},
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/_testlimitedcapi/parts.h b/Modules/_testlimitedcapi/parts.h
index d5e590a8dcd679..4107b150c5b4e0 100644
--- a/Modules/_testlimitedcapi/parts.h
+++ b/Modules/_testlimitedcapi/parts.h
@@ -25,8 +25,10 @@
 int _PyTestLimitedCAPI_Init_Abstract(PyObject *module);
 int _PyTestLimitedCAPI_Init_ByteArray(PyObject *module);
 int _PyTestLimitedCAPI_Init_Bytes(PyObject *module);
+int _PyTestLimitedCAPI_Init_Codec(PyObject *module);
 int _PyTestLimitedCAPI_Init_Complex(PyObject *module);
 int _PyTestLimitedCAPI_Init_Dict(PyObject *module);
+int _PyTestLimitedCAPI_Init_Eval(PyObject *module);
 int _PyTestLimitedCAPI_Init_Float(PyObject *module);
 int _PyTestLimitedCAPI_Init_HeaptypeRelative(PyObject *module);
 int _PyTestLimitedCAPI_Init_Object(PyObject *module);
@@ -35,6 +37,7 @@ int _PyTestLimitedCAPI_Init_Long(PyObject *module);
 int _PyTestLimitedCAPI_Init_PyOS(PyObject *module);
 int _PyTestLimitedCAPI_Init_Set(PyObject *module);
 int _PyTestLimitedCAPI_Init_Sys(PyObject *module);
+int _PyTestLimitedCAPI_Init_Tuple(PyObject *module);
 int _PyTestLimitedCAPI_Init_Unicode(PyObject *module);
 int _PyTestLimitedCAPI_Init_VectorcallLimited(PyObject *module);
 
diff --git a/Modules/_testlimitedcapi/tuple.c b/Modules/_testlimitedcapi/tuple.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..231ec12d517046
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Modules/_testlimitedcapi/tuple.c
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+#include "parts.h"
+#include "util.h"
+
+
+static PyObject *
+tuple_check(PyObject* Py_UNUSED(module), PyObject *obj)
+{
+    NULLABLE(obj);
+    return PyLong_FromLong(PyTuple_Check(obj));
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+tuple_checkexact(PyObject* Py_UNUSED(module), PyObject *obj)
+{
+    NULLABLE(obj);
+    return PyLong_FromLong(PyTuple_CheckExact(obj));
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+tuple_new(PyObject* Py_UNUSED(module), PyObject *len)
+{
+    return PyTuple_New(PyLong_AsSsize_t(len));
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+tuple_pack(PyObject *Py_UNUSED(module), PyObject *args)
+{
+    PyObject *arg1 = NULL, *arg2 = NULL;
+    Py_ssize_t size;
+
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "n|OO", &size, &arg1, &arg2)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if (arg1) {
+        NULLABLE(arg1);
+        if (arg2) {
+            NULLABLE(arg2);
+            return PyTuple_Pack(size, arg1, arg2);
+        }
+        return PyTuple_Pack(size, arg1);
+    }
+    return PyTuple_Pack(size);
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+tuple_size(PyObject *Py_UNUSED(module), PyObject *obj)
+{
+    NULLABLE(obj);
+    RETURN_SIZE(PyTuple_Size(obj));
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+tuple_getitem(PyObject *Py_UNUSED(module), PyObject *args)
+{
+    PyObject *obj;
+    Py_ssize_t i;
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "On", &obj, &i)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    NULLABLE(obj);
+    return Py_XNewRef(PyTuple_GetItem(obj, i));
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+tuple_getslice(PyObject *Py_UNUSED(module), PyObject *args)
+{
+    PyObject *obj;
+    Py_ssize_t ilow, ihigh;
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "Onn", &obj, &ilow, &ihigh)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    NULLABLE(obj);
+    return PyTuple_GetSlice(obj, ilow, ihigh);
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+tuple_setitem(PyObject *Py_UNUSED(module), PyObject *args)
+{
+    PyObject *obj, *value, *newtuple = NULL;
+    Py_ssize_t i;
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "OnO", &obj, &i, &value)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    NULLABLE(value);
+    if (PyTuple_CheckExact(obj)) {
+        Py_ssize_t size = PyTuple_Size(obj);
+        newtuple = PyTuple_New(size);
+        if (!newtuple) {
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        for (Py_ssize_t n = 0; n < size; n++) {
+            if (PyTuple_SetItem(newtuple, n,
+                                Py_XNewRef(PyTuple_GetItem(obj, n))) == -1) {
+                Py_DECREF(newtuple);
+                return NULL;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (PyTuple_SetItem(newtuple, i, Py_XNewRef(value)) == -1) {
+            Py_DECREF(newtuple);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        return newtuple;
+    }
+    else {
+        NULLABLE(obj);
+
+        if (PyTuple_SetItem(obj, i, Py_XNewRef(value)) == -1) {
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        return Py_XNewRef(obj);
+    }
+}
+
+
+static PyMethodDef test_methods[] = {
+    {"tuple_check", tuple_check, METH_O},
+    {"tuple_checkexact", tuple_checkexact, METH_O},
+    {"tuple_new", tuple_new, METH_O},
+    {"tuple_pack", tuple_pack, METH_VARARGS},
+    {"tuple_size", tuple_size, METH_O},
+    {"tuple_getitem", tuple_getitem, METH_VARARGS},
+    {"tuple_getslice", tuple_getslice, METH_VARARGS},
+    {"tuple_setitem", tuple_setitem, METH_VARARGS},
+    {NULL},
+};
+
+int
+_PyTestLimitedCAPI_Init_Tuple(PyObject *m)
+{
+    if (PyModule_AddFunctions(m, test_methods) < 0) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/Modules/_testlimitedcapi/unicode.c b/Modules/_testlimitedcapi/unicode.c
index 2b70d09108a333..c7a23d5d1cbd71 100644
--- a/Modules/_testlimitedcapi/unicode.c
+++ b/Modules/_testlimitedcapi/unicode.c
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #include "pyconfig.h"   // Py_GIL_DISABLED
 #ifndef Py_GIL_DISABLED
-   // Need limited C API 3.13 to test PyUnicode_EqualToUTF8()
-#  define Py_LIMITED_API 0x030d0000
+   // Need limited C API 3.14 to test PyUnicode_Equal()
+#  define Py_LIMITED_API 0x030e0000
 #endif
 
 #include "parts.h"
@@ -1837,6 +1837,23 @@ test_string_from_format(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 #undef CHECK_FORMAT_0
 }
 
+
+/* Test PyUnicode_Equal() */
+static PyObject *
+unicode_equal(PyObject *module, PyObject *args)
+{
+    PyObject *str1, *str2;
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "OO", &str1, &str2)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    NULLABLE(str1);
+    NULLABLE(str2);
+    RETURN_INT(PyUnicode_Equal(str1, str2));
+}
+
+
+
 static PyMethodDef TestMethods[] = {
     {"codec_incrementalencoder", codec_incrementalencoder,       METH_VARARGS},
     {"codec_incrementaldecoder", codec_incrementaldecoder,       METH_VARARGS},
@@ -1924,6 +1941,7 @@ static PyMethodDef TestMethods[] = {
     {"unicode_format",           unicode_format,                 METH_VARARGS},
     {"unicode_contains",         unicode_contains,               METH_VARARGS},
     {"unicode_isidentifier",     unicode_isidentifier,           METH_O},
+    {"unicode_equal",            unicode_equal,                  METH_VARARGS},
     {NULL},
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/_testlimitedcapi/vectorcall_limited.c b/Modules/_testlimitedcapi/vectorcall_limited.c
index 5ef97ca8a063e1..4a7af965776470 100644
--- a/Modules/_testlimitedcapi/vectorcall_limited.c
+++ b/Modules/_testlimitedcapi/vectorcall_limited.c
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@
 #  define Py_LIMITED_API 0x030c0000
 #endif
 
+#include <stddef.h>                         // offsetof
+
 #include "parts.h"
 #include "clinic/vectorcall_limited.c.h"
 
@@ -175,6 +177,41 @@ static PyType_Spec LimitedVectorCallClass_spec = {
     .slots = LimitedVectorallClass_slots,
 };
 
+typedef struct {
+    vectorcallfunc vfunc;
+} LimitedRelativeVectorCallStruct;
+
+static PyObject *
+LimitedRelativeVectorCallClass_new(PyTypeObject *tp, PyTypeObject *a, PyTypeObject *kw)
+{
+    PyObject *self = ((allocfunc)PyType_GetSlot(tp, Py_tp_alloc))(tp, 0);
+    if (!self) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    LimitedRelativeVectorCallStruct *data = PyObject_GetTypeData(self, tp);
+    data->vfunc = LimitedVectorCallClass_vectorcall;
+    return self;
+}
+
+
+static PyType_Spec LimitedRelativeVectorCallClass_spec = {
+    .name = "_testlimitedcapi.LimitedRelativeVectorCallClass",
+    .basicsize = -(int)sizeof(LimitedRelativeVectorCallStruct),
+    .flags = Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT
+        | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_VECTORCALL,
+    .slots = (PyType_Slot[]) {
+        {Py_tp_new, LimitedRelativeVectorCallClass_new},
+        {Py_tp_call, LimitedVectorCallClass_tpcall},
+        {Py_tp_members, (PyMemberDef[]){
+            {"__vectorcalloffset__", Py_T_PYSSIZET,
+             offsetof(LimitedRelativeVectorCallStruct, vfunc),
+             Py_READONLY | Py_RELATIVE_OFFSET},
+            {NULL}
+        }},
+        {0}
+    },
+};
+
 static PyMethodDef TestMethods[] = {
     _TESTLIMITEDCAPI_CALL_VECTORCALL_METHODDEF
     _TESTLIMITEDCAPI_CALL_VECTORCALL_METHOD_METHODDEF
@@ -197,5 +234,16 @@ _PyTestLimitedCAPI_Init_VectorcallLimited(PyObject *m)
         return -1;
     }
     Py_DECREF(LimitedVectorCallClass);
+
+    PyObject *LimitedRelativeVectorCallClass = PyType_FromModuleAndSpec(
+        m, &LimitedRelativeVectorCallClass_spec, NULL);
+    if (!LimitedRelativeVectorCallClass) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    if (PyModule_AddType(m, (PyTypeObject *)LimitedRelativeVectorCallClass) < 0) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    Py_DECREF(LimitedRelativeVectorCallClass);
+
     return 0;
 }
diff --git a/Modules/_testsinglephase.c b/Modules/_testsinglephase.c
index 066e0dbfb63fbf..2c59085d15b5be 100644
--- a/Modules/_testsinglephase.c
+++ b/Modules/_testsinglephase.c
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 
 /* Testing module for single-phase initialization of extension modules
 
-This file contains 8 distinct modules, meaning each as its own name
+This file contains several distinct modules, meaning each as its own name
 and its own init function (PyInit_...).  The default import system will
 only find the one matching the filename: _testsinglephase.  To load the
 others you must do so manually.  For example:
@@ -12,9 +12,13 @@ filename = _testsinglephase.__file__
 loader = importlib.machinery.ExtensionFileLoader(name, filename)
 spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location(name, filename, loader=loader)
 mod = importlib._bootstrap._load(spec)
+loader.exec_module(module)
+sys.modules[modname] = module
 ```
 
-Here are the 8 modules:
+(The last two lines are just for completeness.)
+
+Here are the modules:
 
 * _testsinglephase
    * def: _testsinglephase_basic,
@@ -163,6 +167,11 @@ Here are the 8 modules:
    * functions: none
    * import system: same as _testsinglephase_with_state
 
+* _testsinglephase_circular
+   Regression test for gh-123880.
+   Does not have the common attributes & methods.
+   See test_singlephase_circular test.test_import.SinglephaseInitTests.
+
 Module state:
 
 * fields
@@ -740,3 +749,53 @@ PyInit__testsinglephase_with_state_check_cache_first(void)
     }
     return PyModule_Create(&_testsinglephase_with_state_check_cache_first);
 }
+
+
+/****************************************/
+/* the _testsinglephase_circular module */
+/****************************************/
+
+static PyObject *static_module_circular;
+
+static PyObject *
+circularmod_clear_static_var(PyObject *self, PyObject *arg)
+{
+    PyObject *result = static_module_circular;
+    static_module_circular = NULL;
+    return result;
+}
+
+static struct PyModuleDef _testsinglephase_circular = {
+    PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,
+    .m_name = "_testsinglephase_circular",
+    .m_doc = PyDoc_STR("Test module _testsinglephase_circular"),
+    .m_methods = (PyMethodDef[]) {
+        {"clear_static_var", circularmod_clear_static_var, METH_NOARGS,
+         "Clear the static variable and return its previous value."},
+        {NULL, NULL}           /* sentinel */
+    }
+};
+
+PyMODINIT_FUNC
+PyInit__testsinglephase_circular(void)
+{
+    if (!static_module_circular) {
+        static_module_circular = PyModule_Create(&_testsinglephase_circular);
+        if (!static_module_circular) {
+            return NULL;
+        }
+    }
+    static const char helper_mod_name[] = (
+        "test.test_import.data.circular_imports.singlephase");
+    PyObject *helper_mod = PyImport_ImportModule(helper_mod_name);
+    Py_XDECREF(helper_mod);
+    if (!helper_mod) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if(PyModule_AddStringConstant(static_module_circular,
+                                  "helper_mod_name",
+                                  helper_mod_name) < 0) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    return Py_NewRef(static_module_circular);
+}
diff --git a/Modules/_threadmodule.c b/Modules/_threadmodule.c
index 39d309729d88b8..d4408aa9e42d9d 100644
--- a/Modules/_threadmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/_threadmodule.c
@@ -314,8 +314,8 @@ thread_run(void *boot_raw)
     // gh-108987: If _thread.start_new_thread() is called before or while
     // Python is being finalized, thread_run() can called *after*.
     // _PyRuntimeState_SetFinalizing() is called. At this point, all Python
-    // threads must exit, except of the thread calling Py_Finalize() whch holds
-    // the GIL and must not exit.
+    // threads must exit, except of the thread calling Py_Finalize() which
+    // holds the GIL and must not exit.
     //
     // At this stage, tstate can be a dangling pointer (point to freed memory),
     // it's ok to call _PyThreadState_MustExit() with a dangling pointer.
@@ -599,8 +599,9 @@ PyThreadHandleObject_traverse(PyThreadHandleObject *self, visitproc visit,
 }
 
 static void
-PyThreadHandleObject_dealloc(PyThreadHandleObject *self)
+PyThreadHandleObject_dealloc(PyObject *op)
 {
+    PyThreadHandleObject *self = (PyThreadHandleObject*)op;
     PyObject_GC_UnTrack(self);
     PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(self);
     ThreadHandle_decref(self->handle);
@@ -609,23 +610,26 @@ PyThreadHandleObject_dealloc(PyThreadHandleObject *self)
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-PyThreadHandleObject_repr(PyThreadHandleObject *self)
+PyThreadHandleObject_repr(PyObject *op)
 {
+    PyThreadHandleObject *self = (PyThreadHandleObject*)op;
     PyThread_ident_t ident = ThreadHandle_ident(self->handle);
     return PyUnicode_FromFormat("<%s object: ident=%" PY_FORMAT_THREAD_IDENT_T ">",
                                 Py_TYPE(self)->tp_name, ident);
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-PyThreadHandleObject_get_ident(PyThreadHandleObject *self,
-                               PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
+PyThreadHandleObject_get_ident(PyObject *op, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
+    PyThreadHandleObject *self = (PyThreadHandleObject*)op;
     return PyLong_FromUnsignedLongLong(ThreadHandle_ident(self->handle));
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-PyThreadHandleObject_join(PyThreadHandleObject *self, PyObject *args)
+PyThreadHandleObject_join(PyObject *op, PyObject *args)
 {
+    PyThreadHandleObject *self = (PyThreadHandleObject*)op;
+
     PyObject *timeout_obj = NULL;
     if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "|O:join", &timeout_obj)) {
         return NULL;
@@ -646,9 +650,9 @@ PyThreadHandleObject_join(PyThreadHandleObject *self, PyObject *args)
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-PyThreadHandleObject_is_done(PyThreadHandleObject *self,
-                             PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
+PyThreadHandleObject_is_done(PyObject *op, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
+    PyThreadHandleObject *self = (PyThreadHandleObject*)op;
     if (_PyEvent_IsSet(&self->handle->thread_is_exiting)) {
         Py_RETURN_TRUE;
     }
@@ -658,9 +662,9 @@ PyThreadHandleObject_is_done(PyThreadHandleObject *self,
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-PyThreadHandleObject_set_done(PyThreadHandleObject *self,
-                              PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
+PyThreadHandleObject_set_done(PyObject *op, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
+    PyThreadHandleObject *self = (PyThreadHandleObject*)op;
     if (ThreadHandle_set_done(self->handle) < 0) {
         return NULL;
     }
@@ -668,20 +672,20 @@ PyThreadHandleObject_set_done(PyThreadHandleObject *self,
 }
 
 static PyGetSetDef ThreadHandle_getsetlist[] = {
-    {"ident", (getter)PyThreadHandleObject_get_ident, NULL, NULL},
+    {"ident", PyThreadHandleObject_get_ident, NULL, NULL},
     {0},
 };
 
 static PyMethodDef ThreadHandle_methods[] = {
-    {"join", (PyCFunction)PyThreadHandleObject_join, METH_VARARGS, NULL},
-    {"_set_done", (PyCFunction)PyThreadHandleObject_set_done, METH_NOARGS, NULL},
-    {"is_done", (PyCFunction)PyThreadHandleObject_is_done, METH_NOARGS, NULL},
+    {"join", PyThreadHandleObject_join, METH_VARARGS, NULL},
+    {"_set_done", PyThreadHandleObject_set_done, METH_NOARGS, NULL},
+    {"is_done", PyThreadHandleObject_is_done, METH_NOARGS, NULL},
     {0, 0}
 };
 
 static PyType_Slot ThreadHandle_Type_slots[] = {
-    {Py_tp_dealloc, (destructor)PyThreadHandleObject_dealloc},
-    {Py_tp_repr, (reprfunc)PyThreadHandleObject_repr},
+    {Py_tp_dealloc, PyThreadHandleObject_dealloc},
+    {Py_tp_repr, PyThreadHandleObject_repr},
     {Py_tp_getset, ThreadHandle_getsetlist},
     {Py_tp_traverse, PyThreadHandleObject_traverse},
     {Py_tp_methods, ThreadHandle_methods},
@@ -701,41 +705,27 @@ static PyType_Spec ThreadHandle_Type_spec = {
 
 typedef struct {
     PyObject_HEAD
-    PyThread_type_lock lock_lock;
-    PyObject *in_weakreflist;
-    char locked; /* for sanity checking */
+    PyMutex lock;
 } lockobject;
 
 static int
-lock_traverse(lockobject *self, visitproc visit, void *arg)
+lock_traverse(PyObject *self, visitproc visit, void *arg)
 {
     Py_VISIT(Py_TYPE(self));
     return 0;
 }
 
 static void
-lock_dealloc(lockobject *self)
+lock_dealloc(PyObject *op)
 {
+    lockobject *self = (lockobject*)op;
     PyObject_GC_UnTrack(self);
-    if (self->in_weakreflist != NULL) {
-        PyObject_ClearWeakRefs((PyObject *) self);
-    }
-    if (self->lock_lock != NULL) {
-        /* Unlock the lock so it's safe to free it */
-        if (self->locked)
-            PyThread_release_lock(self->lock_lock);
-        PyThread_free_lock(self->lock_lock);
-    }
+    PyObject_ClearWeakRefs((PyObject *) self);
     PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(self);
     tp->tp_free((PyObject*)self);
     Py_DECREF(tp);
 }
 
-static inline PyLockStatus
-acquire_timed(PyThread_type_lock lock, PyTime_t timeout)
-{
-    return PyThread_acquire_lock_timed_with_retries(lock, timeout);
-}
 
 static int
 lock_acquire_parse_args(PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds,
@@ -784,19 +774,21 @@ lock_acquire_parse_args(PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds,
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-lock_PyThread_acquire_lock(lockobject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
+lock_PyThread_acquire_lock(PyObject *op, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
 {
+    lockobject *self = (lockobject*)op;
+
     PyTime_t timeout;
-    if (lock_acquire_parse_args(args, kwds, &timeout) < 0)
+    if (lock_acquire_parse_args(args, kwds, &timeout) < 0) {
         return NULL;
+    }
 
-    PyLockStatus r = acquire_timed(self->lock_lock, timeout);
+    PyLockStatus r = _PyMutex_LockTimed(&self->lock, timeout,
+                                        _PY_LOCK_HANDLE_SIGNALS | _PY_LOCK_DETACH);
     if (r == PY_LOCK_INTR) {
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    if (r == PY_LOCK_ACQUIRED)
-        self->locked = 1;
     return PyBool_FromLong(r == PY_LOCK_ACQUIRED);
 }
 
@@ -824,16 +816,15 @@ PyDoc_STRVAR(enter_doc,
 Lock the lock.");
 
 static PyObject *
-lock_PyThread_release_lock(lockobject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
+lock_PyThread_release_lock(PyObject *op, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
+    lockobject *self = (lockobject*)op;
     /* Sanity check: the lock must be locked */
-    if (!self->locked) {
+    if (_PyMutex_TryUnlock(&self->lock) < 0) {
         PyErr_SetString(ThreadError, "release unlocked lock");
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    self->locked = 0;
-    PyThread_release_lock(self->lock_lock);
     Py_RETURN_NONE;
 }
 
@@ -858,9 +849,10 @@ PyDoc_STRVAR(lock_exit_doc,
 Release the lock.");
 
 static PyObject *
-lock_locked_lock(lockobject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
+lock_locked_lock(PyObject *op, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
-    return PyBool_FromLong((long)self->locked);
+    lockobject *self = (lockobject*)op;
+    return PyBool_FromLong(PyMutex_IsLocked(&self->lock));
 }
 
 PyDoc_STRVAR(locked_doc,
@@ -876,23 +868,19 @@ PyDoc_STRVAR(locked_lock_doc,
 An obsolete synonym of locked().");
 
 static PyObject *
-lock_repr(lockobject *self)
+lock_repr(PyObject *op)
 {
+    lockobject *self = (lockobject*)op;
     return PyUnicode_FromFormat("<%s %s object at %p>",
-        self->locked ? "locked" : "unlocked", Py_TYPE(self)->tp_name, self);
+        PyMutex_IsLocked(&self->lock) ? "locked" : "unlocked", Py_TYPE(self)->tp_name, self);
 }
 
 #ifdef HAVE_FORK
 static PyObject *
-lock__at_fork_reinit(lockobject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(args))
+lock__at_fork_reinit(PyObject *op, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(args))
 {
-    if (_PyThread_at_fork_reinit(&self->lock_lock) < 0) {
-        PyErr_SetString(ThreadError, "failed to reinitialize lock at fork");
-        return NULL;
-    }
-
-    self->locked = 0;
-
+    lockobject *self = (lockobject *)op;
+    _PyMutex_at_fork_reinit(&self->lock);
     Py_RETURN_NONE;
 }
 #endif  /* HAVE_FORK */
@@ -924,20 +912,20 @@ static PyMethodDef lock_methods[] = {
      METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS, acquire_lock_doc},
     {"acquire",      _PyCFunction_CAST(lock_PyThread_acquire_lock),
      METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS, acquire_doc},
-    {"release_lock", (PyCFunction)lock_PyThread_release_lock,
+    {"release_lock", lock_PyThread_release_lock,
      METH_NOARGS, release_lock_doc},
-    {"release",      (PyCFunction)lock_PyThread_release_lock,
+    {"release",      lock_PyThread_release_lock,
      METH_NOARGS, release_doc},
-    {"locked_lock",  (PyCFunction)lock_locked_lock,
+    {"locked_lock",  lock_locked_lock,
      METH_NOARGS, locked_lock_doc},
-    {"locked",       (PyCFunction)lock_locked_lock,
+    {"locked",       lock_locked_lock,
      METH_NOARGS, locked_doc},
     {"__enter__",    _PyCFunction_CAST(lock_PyThread_acquire_lock),
      METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS, enter_doc},
-    {"__exit__",    (PyCFunction)lock_PyThread_release_lock,
+    {"__exit__",    lock_PyThread_release_lock,
      METH_VARARGS, lock_exit_doc},
 #ifdef HAVE_FORK
-    {"_at_fork_reinit",    (PyCFunction)lock__at_fork_reinit,
+    {"_at_fork_reinit", lock__at_fork_reinit,
      METH_NOARGS, NULL},
 #endif
     {NULL,           NULL}              /* sentinel */
@@ -958,18 +946,12 @@ A lock is not owned by the thread that locked it; another thread may\n\
 unlock it.  A thread attempting to lock a lock that it has already locked\n\
 will block until another thread unlocks it.  Deadlocks may ensue.");
 
-static PyMemberDef lock_type_members[] = {
-    {"__weaklistoffset__", Py_T_PYSSIZET, offsetof(lockobject, in_weakreflist), Py_READONLY},
-    {NULL},
-};
-
 static PyType_Slot lock_type_slots[] = {
-    {Py_tp_dealloc, (destructor)lock_dealloc},
-    {Py_tp_repr, (reprfunc)lock_repr},
+    {Py_tp_dealloc, lock_dealloc},
+    {Py_tp_repr, lock_repr},
     {Py_tp_doc, (void *)lock_doc},
     {Py_tp_methods, lock_methods},
     {Py_tp_traverse, lock_traverse},
-    {Py_tp_members, lock_type_members},
     {Py_tp_new, lock_new},
     {0, 0}
 };
@@ -978,7 +960,7 @@ static PyType_Spec lock_type_spec = {
     .name = "_thread.lock",
     .basicsize = sizeof(lockobject),
     .flags = (Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC |
-              Py_TPFLAGS_IMMUTABLETYPE),
+              Py_TPFLAGS_IMMUTABLETYPE | Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_WEAKREF),
     .slots = lock_type_slots,
 };
 
@@ -986,10 +968,7 @@ static PyType_Spec lock_type_spec = {
 
 typedef struct {
     PyObject_HEAD
-    PyThread_type_lock rlock_lock;
-    PyThread_ident_t rlock_owner;
-    unsigned long rlock_count;
-    PyObject *in_weakreflist;
+    _PyRecursiveMutex lock;
 } rlockobject;
 
 static int
@@ -1001,61 +980,30 @@ rlock_traverse(rlockobject *self, visitproc visit, void *arg)
 
 
 static void
-rlock_dealloc(rlockobject *self)
+rlock_dealloc(PyObject *op)
 {
+    rlockobject *self = (rlockobject*)op;
     PyObject_GC_UnTrack(self);
-    if (self->in_weakreflist != NULL)
-        PyObject_ClearWeakRefs((PyObject *) self);
-    /* self->rlock_lock can be NULL if PyThread_allocate_lock() failed
-       in rlock_new() */
-    if (self->rlock_lock != NULL) {
-        /* Unlock the lock so it's safe to free it */
-        if (self->rlock_count > 0)
-            PyThread_release_lock(self->rlock_lock);
-
-        PyThread_free_lock(self->rlock_lock);
-    }
+    PyObject_ClearWeakRefs((PyObject *) self);
     PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(self);
     tp->tp_free(self);
     Py_DECREF(tp);
 }
 
-static bool
-rlock_is_owned_by(rlockobject *self, PyThread_ident_t tid)
-{
-    PyThread_ident_t owner_tid =
-        _Py_atomic_load_ullong_relaxed(&self->rlock_owner);
-    return owner_tid == tid && self->rlock_count > 0;
-}
 
 static PyObject *
-rlock_acquire(rlockobject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
+rlock_acquire(PyObject *op, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
 {
+    rlockobject *self = (rlockobject*)op;
     PyTime_t timeout;
-    PyThread_ident_t tid;
-    PyLockStatus r = PY_LOCK_ACQUIRED;
 
-    if (lock_acquire_parse_args(args, kwds, &timeout) < 0)
+    if (lock_acquire_parse_args(args, kwds, &timeout) < 0) {
         return NULL;
-
-    tid = PyThread_get_thread_ident_ex();
-    if (rlock_is_owned_by(self, tid)) {
-        unsigned long count = self->rlock_count + 1;
-        if (count <= self->rlock_count) {
-            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
-                            "Internal lock count overflowed");
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        self->rlock_count = count;
-        Py_RETURN_TRUE;
     }
-    r = acquire_timed(self->rlock_lock, timeout);
-    if (r == PY_LOCK_ACQUIRED) {
-        assert(self->rlock_count == 0);
-        _Py_atomic_store_ullong_relaxed(&self->rlock_owner, tid);
-        self->rlock_count = 1;
-    }
-    else if (r == PY_LOCK_INTR) {
+
+    PyLockStatus r = _PyRecursiveMutex_LockTimed(&self->lock, timeout,
+                                                 _PY_LOCK_HANDLE_SIGNALS | _PY_LOCK_DETACH);
+    if (r == PY_LOCK_INTR) {
         return NULL;
     }
 
@@ -1086,19 +1034,15 @@ PyDoc_STRVAR(rlock_enter_doc,
 Lock the lock.");
 
 static PyObject *
-rlock_release(rlockobject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
+rlock_release(PyObject *op, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
-    PyThread_ident_t tid = PyThread_get_thread_ident_ex();
+    rlockobject *self = (rlockobject*)op;
 
-    if (!rlock_is_owned_by(self, tid)) {
+    if (_PyRecursiveMutex_TryUnlock(&self->lock) < 0) {
         PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError,
                         "cannot release un-acquired lock");
         return NULL;
     }
-    if (--self->rlock_count == 0) {
-        _Py_atomic_store_ullong_relaxed(&self->rlock_owner, 0);
-        PyThread_release_lock(self->rlock_lock);
-    }
     Py_RETURN_NONE;
 }
 
@@ -1122,28 +1066,19 @@ PyDoc_STRVAR(rlock_exit_doc,
 Release the lock.");
 
 static PyObject *
-rlock_acquire_restore(rlockobject *self, PyObject *args)
+rlock_acquire_restore(PyObject *op, PyObject *args)
 {
+    rlockobject *self = (rlockobject*)op;
     PyThread_ident_t owner;
-    unsigned long count;
-    int r = 1;
+    Py_ssize_t count;
 
-    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "(k" Py_PARSE_THREAD_IDENT_T "):_acquire_restore",
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "(n" Py_PARSE_THREAD_IDENT_T "):_acquire_restore",
             &count, &owner))
         return NULL;
 
-    if (!PyThread_acquire_lock(self->rlock_lock, 0)) {
-        Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
-        r = PyThread_acquire_lock(self->rlock_lock, 1);
-        Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
-    }
-    if (!r) {
-        PyErr_SetString(ThreadError, "couldn't acquire lock");
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    assert(self->rlock_count == 0);
-    _Py_atomic_store_ullong_relaxed(&self->rlock_owner, owner);
-    self->rlock_count = count;
+    _PyRecursiveMutex_Lock(&self->lock);
+    _Py_atomic_store_ullong_relaxed(&self->lock.thread, owner);
+    self->lock.level = (size_t)count - 1;
     Py_RETURN_NONE;
 }
 
@@ -1154,23 +1089,21 @@ PyDoc_STRVAR(rlock_acquire_restore_doc,
 For internal use by `threading.Condition`.");
 
 static PyObject *
-rlock_release_save(rlockobject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
+rlock_release_save(PyObject *op, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
-    PyThread_ident_t owner;
-    unsigned long count;
+    rlockobject *self = (rlockobject*)op;
 
-    if (self->rlock_count == 0) {
+    if (!_PyRecursiveMutex_IsLockedByCurrentThread(&self->lock)) {
         PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError,
                         "cannot release un-acquired lock");
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    owner = self->rlock_owner;
-    count = self->rlock_count;
-    self->rlock_count = 0;
-    _Py_atomic_store_ullong_relaxed(&self->rlock_owner, 0);
-    PyThread_release_lock(self->rlock_lock);
-    return Py_BuildValue("k" Py_PARSE_THREAD_IDENT_T, count, owner);
+    PyThread_ident_t owner = self->lock.thread;
+    Py_ssize_t count = self->lock.level + 1;
+    self->lock.level = 0;  // ensure the unlock releases the lock
+    _PyRecursiveMutex_Unlock(&self->lock);
+    return Py_BuildValue("n" Py_PARSE_THREAD_IDENT_T, count, owner);
 }
 
 PyDoc_STRVAR(rlock_release_save_doc,
@@ -1180,12 +1113,13 @@ PyDoc_STRVAR(rlock_release_save_doc,
 For internal use by `threading.Condition`.");
 
 static PyObject *
-rlock_recursion_count(rlockobject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
+rlock_recursion_count(PyObject *op, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
-    PyThread_ident_t tid = PyThread_get_thread_ident_ex();
-    PyThread_ident_t owner =
-        _Py_atomic_load_ullong_relaxed(&self->rlock_owner);
-    return PyLong_FromUnsignedLong(owner == tid ? self->rlock_count : 0UL);
+    rlockobject *self = (rlockobject*)op;
+    if (_PyRecursiveMutex_IsLockedByCurrentThread(&self->lock)) {
+        return PyLong_FromSize_t(self->lock.level + 1);
+    }
+    return PyLong_FromLong(0);
 }
 
 PyDoc_STRVAR(rlock_recursion_count_doc,
@@ -1195,14 +1129,11 @@ PyDoc_STRVAR(rlock_recursion_count_doc,
 For internal use by reentrancy checks.");
 
 static PyObject *
-rlock_is_owned(rlockobject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
+rlock_is_owned(PyObject *op, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
-    PyThread_ident_t tid = PyThread_get_thread_ident_ex();
-
-    if (rlock_is_owned_by(self, tid)) {
-        Py_RETURN_TRUE;
-    }
-    Py_RETURN_FALSE;
+    rlockobject *self = (rlockobject*)op;
+    long owned = _PyRecursiveMutex_IsLockedByCurrentThread(&self->lock);
+    return PyBool_FromLong(owned);
 }
 
 PyDoc_STRVAR(rlock_is_owned_doc,
@@ -1218,29 +1149,21 @@ rlock_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
     if (self == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
-    self->in_weakreflist = NULL;
-    self->rlock_owner = 0;
-    self->rlock_count = 0;
-
-    self->rlock_lock = PyThread_allocate_lock();
-    if (self->rlock_lock == NULL) {
-        Py_DECREF(self);
-        PyErr_SetString(ThreadError, "can't allocate lock");
-        return NULL;
-    }
+    self->lock = (_PyRecursiveMutex){0};
     return (PyObject *) self;
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-rlock_repr(rlockobject *self)
+rlock_repr(PyObject *op)
 {
-    PyThread_ident_t owner =
-            _Py_atomic_load_ullong_relaxed(&self->rlock_owner);
+    rlockobject *self = (rlockobject*)op;
+    PyThread_ident_t owner = self->lock.thread;
+    size_t count = self->lock.level + 1;
     return PyUnicode_FromFormat(
-        "<%s %s object owner=%" PY_FORMAT_THREAD_IDENT_T " count=%lu at %p>",
-        self->rlock_count ? "locked" : "unlocked",
+        "<%s %s object owner=%" PY_FORMAT_THREAD_IDENT_T " count=%zu at %p>",
+        owner ? "locked" : "unlocked",
         Py_TYPE(self)->tp_name, owner,
-        self->rlock_count, self);
+        count, self);
 }
 
 
@@ -1248,14 +1171,7 @@ rlock_repr(rlockobject *self)
 static PyObject *
 rlock__at_fork_reinit(rlockobject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(args))
 {
-    if (_PyThread_at_fork_reinit(&self->rlock_lock) < 0) {
-        PyErr_SetString(ThreadError, "failed to reinitialize lock at fork");
-        return NULL;
-    }
-
-    self->rlock_owner = 0;
-    self->rlock_count = 0;
-
+    self->lock = (_PyRecursiveMutex){0};
     Py_RETURN_NONE;
 }
 #endif  /* HAVE_FORK */
@@ -1264,19 +1180,19 @@ rlock__at_fork_reinit(rlockobject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(args))
 static PyMethodDef rlock_methods[] = {
     {"acquire",      _PyCFunction_CAST(rlock_acquire),
      METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS, rlock_acquire_doc},
-    {"release",      (PyCFunction)rlock_release,
+    {"release",      rlock_release,
      METH_NOARGS, rlock_release_doc},
-    {"_is_owned",     (PyCFunction)rlock_is_owned,
+    {"_is_owned",     rlock_is_owned,
      METH_NOARGS, rlock_is_owned_doc},
-    {"_acquire_restore", (PyCFunction)rlock_acquire_restore,
+    {"_acquire_restore", rlock_acquire_restore,
      METH_VARARGS, rlock_acquire_restore_doc},
-    {"_release_save", (PyCFunction)rlock_release_save,
+    {"_release_save", rlock_release_save,
      METH_NOARGS, rlock_release_save_doc},
-    {"_recursion_count", (PyCFunction)rlock_recursion_count,
+    {"_recursion_count", rlock_recursion_count,
      METH_NOARGS, rlock_recursion_count_doc},
     {"__enter__",    _PyCFunction_CAST(rlock_acquire),
      METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS, rlock_enter_doc},
-    {"__exit__",    (PyCFunction)rlock_release,
+    {"__exit__",    rlock_release,
      METH_VARARGS, rlock_exit_doc},
 #ifdef HAVE_FORK
     {"_at_fork_reinit",    (PyCFunction)rlock__at_fork_reinit,
@@ -1286,18 +1202,12 @@ static PyMethodDef rlock_methods[] = {
 };
 
 
-static PyMemberDef rlock_type_members[] = {
-    {"__weaklistoffset__", Py_T_PYSSIZET, offsetof(rlockobject, in_weakreflist), Py_READONLY},
-    {NULL},
-};
-
 static PyType_Slot rlock_type_slots[] = {
-    {Py_tp_dealloc, (destructor)rlock_dealloc},
-    {Py_tp_repr, (reprfunc)rlock_repr},
+    {Py_tp_dealloc, rlock_dealloc},
+    {Py_tp_repr, rlock_repr},
     {Py_tp_methods, rlock_methods},
     {Py_tp_alloc, PyType_GenericAlloc},
     {Py_tp_new, rlock_new},
-    {Py_tp_members, rlock_type_members},
     {Py_tp_traverse, rlock_traverse},
     {0, 0},
 };
@@ -1306,7 +1216,7 @@ static PyType_Spec rlock_type_spec = {
     .name = "_thread.RLock",
     .basicsize = sizeof(rlockobject),
     .flags = (Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE |
-              Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC | Py_TPFLAGS_IMMUTABLETYPE),
+              Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC | Py_TPFLAGS_IMMUTABLETYPE | Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_WEAKREF),
     .slots = rlock_type_slots,
 };
 
@@ -1320,16 +1230,7 @@ newlockobject(PyObject *module)
     if (self == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
-
-    self->lock_lock = PyThread_allocate_lock();
-    self->locked = 0;
-    self->in_weakreflist = NULL;
-
-    if (self->lock_lock == NULL) {
-        Py_DECREF(self);
-        PyErr_SetString(ThreadError, "can't allocate lock");
-        return NULL;
-    }
+    self->lock = (PyMutex){0};
     return self;
 }
 
@@ -1350,39 +1251,51 @@ newlockobject(PyObject *module)
    Our implementation uses small "localdummy" objects in order to break
    the reference chain. These trivial objects are hashable (using the
    default scheme of identity hashing) and weakrefable.
-   Each thread-state holds a separate localdummy for each local object
-   (as a /strong reference/),
-   and each thread-local object holds a dict mapping /weak references/
-   of localdummies to local dicts.
+
+   Each thread-state holds two separate localdummy objects:
+
+   - `threading_local_key` is used as a key to retrieve the locals dictionary
+     for the thread in any `threading.local` object.
+   - `threading_local_sentinel` is used to signal when a thread is being
+     destroyed. Consequently, the associated thread-state must hold the only
+     reference.
+
+   Each `threading.local` object contains a dict mapping localdummy keys to
+   locals dicts and a set containing weak references to localdummy
+   sentinels. Each sentinel weak reference has a callback that removes itself
+   and the locals dict for the key from the `threading.local` object when
+   called.
 
    Therefore:
-   - only the thread-state dict holds a strong reference to the dummies
-   - only the thread-local object holds a strong reference to the local dicts
-   - only outside objects (application- or library-level) hold strong
-     references to the thread-local objects
-   - as soon as a thread-state dict is destroyed, the weakref callbacks of all
-     dummies attached to that thread are called, and destroy the corresponding
-     local dicts from thread-local objects
-   - as soon as a thread-local object is destroyed, its local dicts are
-     destroyed and its dummies are manually removed from all thread states
-   - the GC can do its work correctly when a thread-local object is dangling,
-     without any interference from the thread-state dicts
-
-   As an additional optimization, each localdummy holds a borrowed reference
-   to the corresponding localdict.  This borrowed reference is only used
-   by the thread-local object which has created the localdummy, which should
-   guarantee that the localdict still exists when accessed.
+   - The thread-state only holds strong references to localdummy objects, which
+     cannot participate in cycles.
+   - Only outside objects (application- or library-level) hold strong
+     references to the thread-local objects.
+   - As soon as thread-state's sentinel dummy is destroyed the callbacks for
+     all weakrefs attached to the sentinel are called, and destroy the
+     corresponding local dicts from thread-local objects.
+   - As soon as a thread-local object is destroyed, its local dicts are
+     destroyed.
+   - The GC can do its work correctly when a thread-local object is dangling,
+     without any interference from the thread-state dicts.
+
+   This dual key arrangement is necessary to ensure that `threading.local`
+   values can be retrieved from finalizers. If we were to only keep a mapping
+   of localdummy weakrefs to locals dicts it's possible that the weakrefs would
+   be cleared before finalizers were called (GC currently clears weakrefs that
+   are garbage before invoking finalizers), causing lookups in finalizers to
+   fail.
 */
 
 typedef struct {
     PyObject_HEAD
-    PyObject *localdict;        /* Borrowed reference! */
     PyObject *weakreflist;      /* List of weak references to self */
 } localdummyobject;
 
 static void
-localdummy_dealloc(localdummyobject *self)
+localdummy_dealloc(PyObject *op)
 {
+    localdummyobject *self = (localdummyobject*)op;
     if (self->weakreflist != NULL)
         PyObject_ClearWeakRefs((PyObject *) self);
     PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(self);
@@ -1396,7 +1309,7 @@ static PyMemberDef local_dummy_type_members[] = {
 };
 
 static PyType_Slot local_dummy_type_slots[] = {
-    {Py_tp_dealloc, (destructor)localdummy_dealloc},
+    {Py_tp_dealloc, localdummy_dealloc},
     {Py_tp_doc, "Thread-local dummy"},
     {Py_tp_members, local_dummy_type_members},
     {0, 0}
@@ -1413,80 +1326,60 @@ static PyType_Spec local_dummy_type_spec = {
 
 typedef struct {
     PyObject_HEAD
-    PyObject *key;
     PyObject *args;
     PyObject *kw;
     PyObject *weakreflist;      /* List of weak references to self */
-    /* A {localdummy weakref -> localdict} dict */
-    PyObject *dummies;
-    /* The callback for weakrefs to localdummies */
-    PyObject *wr_callback;
+    /* A {localdummy -> localdict} dict */
+    PyObject *localdicts;
+    /* A set of weakrefs to thread sentinels localdummies*/
+    PyObject *thread_watchdogs;
 } localobject;
 
 /* Forward declaration */
-static PyObject *_ldict(localobject *self, thread_module_state *state);
-static PyObject *_localdummy_destroyed(PyObject *meth_self, PyObject *dummyweakref);
+static int create_localsdict(localobject *self, thread_module_state *state,
+                             PyObject **localsdict, PyObject **sentinel_wr);
+static PyObject *clear_locals(PyObject *meth_self, PyObject *dummyweakref);
 
-/* Create and register the dummy for the current thread.
-   Returns a borrowed reference of the corresponding local dict */
+/* Create a weakref to the sentinel localdummy for the current thread */
 static PyObject *
-_local_create_dummy(localobject *self, thread_module_state *state)
+create_sentinel_wr(localobject *self)
 {
-    PyObject *ldict = NULL, *wr = NULL;
-    localdummyobject *dummy = NULL;
-    PyTypeObject *type = state->local_dummy_type;
+    static PyMethodDef wr_callback_def = {
+        "clear_locals", (PyCFunction) clear_locals, METH_O
+    };
 
-    PyObject *tdict = PyThreadState_GetDict();
-    if (tdict == NULL) {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SystemError,
-                        "Couldn't get thread-state dictionary");
-        goto err;
-    }
+    PyThreadState *tstate = PyThreadState_Get();
 
-    ldict = PyDict_New();
-    if (ldict == NULL) {
-        goto err;
-    }
-    dummy = (localdummyobject *) type->tp_alloc(type, 0);
-    if (dummy == NULL) {
-        goto err;
-    }
-    dummy->localdict = ldict;
-    wr = PyWeakref_NewRef((PyObject *) dummy, self->wr_callback);
-    if (wr == NULL) {
-        goto err;
+    /* We use a weak reference to self in the callback closure
+       in order to avoid spurious reference cycles */
+    PyObject *self_wr = PyWeakref_NewRef((PyObject *) self, NULL);
+    if (self_wr == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
     }
 
-    /* As a side-effect, this will cache the weakref's hash before the
-       dummy gets deleted */
-    int r = PyDict_SetItem(self->dummies, wr, ldict);
-    if (r < 0) {
-        goto err;
+    PyObject *args = PyTuple_New(2);
+    if (args == NULL) {
+        Py_DECREF(self_wr);
+        return NULL;
     }
-    Py_CLEAR(wr);
-    r = PyDict_SetItem(tdict, self->key, (PyObject *) dummy);
-    if (r < 0) {
-        goto err;
+    PyTuple_SET_ITEM(args, 0, self_wr);
+    PyTuple_SET_ITEM(args, 1, Py_NewRef(tstate->threading_local_key));
+
+    PyObject *cb = PyCFunction_New(&wr_callback_def, args);
+    Py_DECREF(args);
+    if (cb == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
     }
-    Py_CLEAR(dummy);
 
-    Py_DECREF(ldict);
-    return ldict;
+    PyObject *wr = PyWeakref_NewRef(tstate->threading_local_sentinel, cb);
+    Py_DECREF(cb);
 
-err:
-    Py_XDECREF(ldict);
-    Py_XDECREF(wr);
-    Py_XDECREF(dummy);
-    return NULL;
+    return wr;
 }
 
 static PyObject *
 local_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kw)
 {
-    static PyMethodDef wr_callback_def = {
-        "_localdummy_destroyed", (PyCFunction) _localdummy_destroyed, METH_O
-    };
-
     if (type->tp_init == PyBaseObject_Type.tp_init) {
         int rc = 0;
         if (args != NULL)
@@ -1513,30 +1406,25 @@ local_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kw)
 
     self->args = Py_XNewRef(args);
     self->kw = Py_XNewRef(kw);
-    self->key = PyUnicode_FromFormat("thread.local.%p", self);
-    if (self->key == NULL) {
-        goto err;
-    }
 
-    self->dummies = PyDict_New();
-    if (self->dummies == NULL) {
+    self->localdicts = PyDict_New();
+    if (self->localdicts == NULL) {
         goto err;
     }
 
-    /* We use a weak reference to self in the callback closure
-       in order to avoid spurious reference cycles */
-    PyObject *wr = PyWeakref_NewRef((PyObject *) self, NULL);
-    if (wr == NULL) {
-        goto err;
-    }
-    self->wr_callback = PyCFunction_NewEx(&wr_callback_def, wr, NULL);
-    Py_DECREF(wr);
-    if (self->wr_callback == NULL) {
+    self->thread_watchdogs = PySet_New(NULL);
+    if (self->thread_watchdogs == NULL) {
         goto err;
     }
-    if (_local_create_dummy(self, state) == NULL) {
+
+    PyObject *localsdict = NULL;
+    PyObject *sentinel_wr = NULL;
+    if (create_localsdict(self, state, &localsdict, &sentinel_wr) < 0) {
         goto err;
     }
+    Py_DECREF(localsdict);
+    Py_DECREF(sentinel_wr);
+
     return (PyObject *)self;
 
   err:
@@ -1550,7 +1438,8 @@ local_traverse(localobject *self, visitproc visit, void *arg)
     Py_VISIT(Py_TYPE(self));
     Py_VISIT(self->args);
     Py_VISIT(self->kw);
-    Py_VISIT(self->dummies);
+    Py_VISIT(self->localdicts);
+    Py_VISIT(self->thread_watchdogs);
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -1559,27 +1448,8 @@ local_clear(localobject *self)
 {
     Py_CLEAR(self->args);
     Py_CLEAR(self->kw);
-    Py_CLEAR(self->dummies);
-    Py_CLEAR(self->wr_callback);
-    /* Remove all strong references to dummies from the thread states */
-    if (self->key) {
-        PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
-        _PyRuntimeState *runtime = &_PyRuntime;
-        HEAD_LOCK(runtime);
-        PyThreadState *tstate = PyInterpreterState_ThreadHead(interp);
-        HEAD_UNLOCK(runtime);
-        while (tstate) {
-            if (tstate->dict) {
-                if (PyDict_Pop(tstate->dict, self->key, NULL) < 0) {
-                    // Silently ignore error
-                    PyErr_Clear();
-                }
-            }
-            HEAD_LOCK(runtime);
-            tstate = PyThreadState_Next(tstate);
-            HEAD_UNLOCK(runtime);
-        }
-    }
+    Py_CLEAR(self->localdicts);
+    Py_CLEAR(self->thread_watchdogs);
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -1595,48 +1465,142 @@ local_dealloc(localobject *self)
     PyObject_GC_UnTrack(self);
 
     local_clear(self);
-    Py_XDECREF(self->key);
 
     PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(self);
     tp->tp_free((PyObject*)self);
     Py_DECREF(tp);
 }
 
-/* Returns a borrowed reference to the local dict, creating it if necessary */
+/* Create the TLS key and sentinel if they don't exist */
+static int
+create_localdummies(thread_module_state *state)
+{
+    PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
+
+    if (tstate->threading_local_key != NULL) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    PyTypeObject *ld_type = state->local_dummy_type;
+    tstate->threading_local_key = ld_type->tp_alloc(ld_type, 0);
+    if (tstate->threading_local_key == NULL) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    tstate->threading_local_sentinel = ld_type->tp_alloc(ld_type, 0);
+    if (tstate->threading_local_sentinel == NULL) {
+        Py_CLEAR(tstate->threading_local_key);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/* Insert a localsdict and sentinel weakref for the current thread, placing
+   strong references in localsdict and sentinel_wr, respectively.
+*/
+static int
+create_localsdict(localobject *self, thread_module_state *state,
+                  PyObject **localsdict, PyObject **sentinel_wr)
+{
+    PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
+    PyObject *ldict = NULL;
+    PyObject *wr = NULL;
+
+    if (create_localdummies(state) < 0) {
+        goto err;
+    }
+
+    /* Create and insert the locals dict and sentinel weakref */
+    ldict = PyDict_New();
+    if (ldict == NULL) {
+        goto err;
+    }
+
+    if (PyDict_SetItem(self->localdicts, tstate->threading_local_key, ldict) <
+        0) {
+        goto err;
+    }
+
+    wr = create_sentinel_wr(self);
+    if (wr == NULL) {
+        PyObject *exc = PyErr_GetRaisedException();
+        if (PyDict_DelItem(self->localdicts, tstate->threading_local_key) <
+            0) {
+            PyErr_WriteUnraisable((PyObject *)self);
+        }
+        PyErr_SetRaisedException(exc);
+        goto err;
+    }
+
+    if (PySet_Add(self->thread_watchdogs, wr) < 0) {
+        PyObject *exc = PyErr_GetRaisedException();
+        if (PyDict_DelItem(self->localdicts, tstate->threading_local_key) <
+            0) {
+            PyErr_WriteUnraisable((PyObject *)self);
+        }
+        PyErr_SetRaisedException(exc);
+        goto err;
+    }
+
+    *localsdict = ldict;
+    *sentinel_wr = wr;
+    return 0;
+
+err:
+    Py_XDECREF(ldict);
+    Py_XDECREF(wr);
+    return -1;
+}
+
+/* Return a strong reference to the locals dict for the current thread,
+   creating it if necessary.
+*/
 static PyObject *
 _ldict(localobject *self, thread_module_state *state)
 {
-    PyObject *tdict = PyThreadState_GetDict();
-    if (tdict == NULL) {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SystemError,
-                        "Couldn't get thread-state dictionary");
+    if (create_localdummies(state) < 0) {
         return NULL;
     }
 
+    /* Check if a localsdict already exists */
     PyObject *ldict;
-    PyObject *dummy = PyDict_GetItemWithError(tdict, self->key);
-    if (dummy == NULL) {
-        if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        ldict = _local_create_dummy(self, state);
-        if (ldict == NULL)
-            return NULL;
+    PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
+    if (PyDict_GetItemRef(self->localdicts, tstate->threading_local_key,
+                          &ldict) < 0) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if (ldict != NULL) {
+        return ldict;
+    }
 
-        if (Py_TYPE(self)->tp_init != PyBaseObject_Type.tp_init &&
-            Py_TYPE(self)->tp_init((PyObject*)self,
-                                   self->args, self->kw) < 0) {
-            /* we need to get rid of ldict from thread so
-               we create a new one the next time we do an attr
-               access */
-            PyDict_DelItem(tdict, self->key);
-            return NULL;
-        }
+    /* threading.local hasn't been instantiated for this thread */
+    PyObject *wr;
+    if (create_localsdict(self, state, &ldict, &wr) < 0) {
+        return NULL;
     }
-    else {
-        assert(Py_IS_TYPE(dummy, state->local_dummy_type));
-        ldict = ((localdummyobject *) dummy)->localdict;
+
+    /* run __init__ if we're a subtype of `threading.local` */
+    if (Py_TYPE(self)->tp_init != PyBaseObject_Type.tp_init &&
+        Py_TYPE(self)->tp_init((PyObject *)self, self->args, self->kw) < 0) {
+        /* we need to get rid of ldict from thread so
+           we create a new one the next time we do an attr
+           access */
+        PyObject *exc = PyErr_GetRaisedException();
+        if (PyDict_DelItem(self->localdicts, tstate->threading_local_key) <
+            0) {
+            PyErr_WriteUnraisable((PyObject *)self);
+            PyErr_Clear();
+        }
+        if (PySet_Discard(self->thread_watchdogs, wr) < 0) {
+            PyErr_WriteUnraisable((PyObject *)self);
+        }
+        PyErr_SetRaisedException(exc);
+        Py_DECREF(ldict);
+        Py_DECREF(wr);
+        return NULL;
     }
+    Py_DECREF(wr);
 
     return ldict;
 }
@@ -1650,21 +1614,28 @@ local_setattro(localobject *self, PyObject *name, PyObject *v)
 
     PyObject *ldict = _ldict(self, state);
     if (ldict == NULL) {
-        return -1;
+        goto err;
     }
 
     int r = PyObject_RichCompareBool(name, &_Py_ID(__dict__), Py_EQ);
     if (r == -1) {
-        return -1;
+        goto err;
     }
     if (r == 1) {
         PyErr_Format(PyExc_AttributeError,
                      "'%.100s' object attribute '%U' is read-only",
                      Py_TYPE(self)->tp_name, name);
-        return -1;
+        goto err;
     }
 
-    return _PyObject_GenericSetAttrWithDict((PyObject *)self, name, v, ldict);
+    int st =
+        _PyObject_GenericSetAttrWithDict((PyObject *)self, name, v, ldict);
+    Py_DECREF(ldict);
+    return st;
+
+err:
+    Py_XDECREF(ldict);
+    return -1;
 }
 
 static PyObject *local_getattro(localobject *, PyObject *);
@@ -1707,34 +1678,42 @@ local_getattro(localobject *self, PyObject *name)
 
     int r = PyObject_RichCompareBool(name, &_Py_ID(__dict__), Py_EQ);
     if (r == 1) {
-        return Py_NewRef(ldict);
+        return ldict;
     }
     if (r == -1) {
+        Py_DECREF(ldict);
         return NULL;
     }
 
     if (!Py_IS_TYPE(self, state->local_type)) {
         /* use generic lookup for subtypes */
-        return _PyObject_GenericGetAttrWithDict((PyObject *)self, name,
-                                                ldict, 0);
+        PyObject *res =
+            _PyObject_GenericGetAttrWithDict((PyObject *)self, name, ldict, 0);
+        Py_DECREF(ldict);
+        return res;
     }
 
     /* Optimization: just look in dict ourselves */
     PyObject *value;
     if (PyDict_GetItemRef(ldict, name, &value) != 0) {
         // found or error
+        Py_DECREF(ldict);
         return value;
     }
 
     /* Fall back on generic to get __class__ and __dict__ */
-    return _PyObject_GenericGetAttrWithDict(
-        (PyObject *)self, name, ldict, 0);
+    PyObject *res =
+        _PyObject_GenericGetAttrWithDict((PyObject *)self, name, ldict, 0);
+    Py_DECREF(ldict);
+    return res;
 }
 
-/* Called when a dummy is destroyed. */
+/* Called when a dummy is destroyed, indicating that the owning thread is being
+ * cleared. */
 static PyObject *
-_localdummy_destroyed(PyObject *localweakref, PyObject *dummyweakref)
+clear_locals(PyObject *locals_and_key, PyObject *dummyweakref)
 {
+    PyObject *localweakref = PyTuple_GetItem(locals_and_key, 0);
     localobject *self = (localobject *)_PyWeakref_GET_REF(localweakref);
     if (self == NULL) {
         Py_RETURN_NONE;
@@ -1742,11 +1721,18 @@ _localdummy_destroyed(PyObject *localweakref, PyObject *dummyweakref)
 
     /* If the thread-local object is still alive and not being cleared,
        remove the corresponding local dict */
-    if (self->dummies != NULL) {
-        if (PyDict_Pop(self->dummies, dummyweakref, NULL) < 0) {
+    if (self->localdicts != NULL) {
+        PyObject *key = PyTuple_GetItem(locals_and_key, 1);
+        if (PyDict_Pop(self->localdicts, key, NULL) < 0) {
             PyErr_WriteUnraisable((PyObject*)self);
         }
     }
+    if (self->thread_watchdogs != NULL) {
+        if (PySet_Discard(self->thread_watchdogs, dummyweakref) < 0) {
+            PyErr_WriteUnraisable((PyObject *)self);
+        }
+    }
+
     Py_DECREF(self);
     Py_RETURN_NONE;
 }
diff --git a/Modules/_tkinter.c b/Modules/_tkinter.c
index a34646aecb3ec8..b0b70ccb8cc3d3 100644
--- a/Modules/_tkinter.c
+++ b/Modules/_tkinter.c
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ _get_tcl_lib_path(void)
         struct stat stat_buf;
         int stat_return_value;
 
-        PyObject *prefix = PySys_GetObject("prefix");  // borrowed reference
+        PyObject *prefix = PySys_GetObject("base_prefix");  // borrowed reference
         if (prefix == NULL) {
             return NULL;
         }
@@ -493,24 +493,28 @@ unicodeFromTclString(const char *s)
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-unicodeFromTclObj(Tcl_Obj *value)
+unicodeFromTclObj(TkappObject *tkapp, Tcl_Obj *value)
 {
     Tcl_Size len;
 #if USE_TCL_UNICODE
-    int byteorder = NATIVE_BYTEORDER;
-    const Tcl_UniChar *u = Tcl_GetUnicodeFromObj(value, &len);
-    if (sizeof(Tcl_UniChar) == 2)
-        return PyUnicode_DecodeUTF16((const char *)u, len * 2,
-                                     "surrogatepass", &byteorder);
-    else if (sizeof(Tcl_UniChar) == 4)
-        return PyUnicode_DecodeUTF32((const char *)u, len * 4,
-                                     "surrogatepass", &byteorder);
-    else
-        Py_UNREACHABLE();
-#else
+    if (value->typePtr != NULL && tkapp != NULL &&
+        (value->typePtr == tkapp->StringType ||
+         value->typePtr == tkapp->UTF32StringType))
+    {
+        int byteorder = NATIVE_BYTEORDER;
+        const Tcl_UniChar *u = Tcl_GetUnicodeFromObj(value, &len);
+        if (sizeof(Tcl_UniChar) == 2)
+            return PyUnicode_DecodeUTF16((const char *)u, len * 2,
+                                         "surrogatepass", &byteorder);
+        else if (sizeof(Tcl_UniChar) == 4)
+            return PyUnicode_DecodeUTF32((const char *)u, len * 4,
+                                         "surrogatepass", &byteorder);
+        else
+            Py_UNREACHABLE();
+    }
+#endif /* USE_TCL_UNICODE */
     const char *s = Tcl_GetStringFromObj(value, &len);
     return unicodeFromTclStringAndSize(s, len);
-#endif
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
@@ -793,7 +797,7 @@ PyTclObject_string(PyObject *_self, void *ignored)
 {
     PyTclObject *self = (PyTclObject *)_self;
     if (!self->string) {
-        self->string = unicodeFromTclObj(self->value);
+        self->string = unicodeFromTclObj(NULL, self->value);
         if (!self->string)
             return NULL;
     }
@@ -808,7 +812,7 @@ PyTclObject_str(PyObject *_self)
         return Py_NewRef(self->string);
     }
     /* XXX Could cache result if it is non-ASCII. */
-    return unicodeFromTclObj(self->value);
+    return unicodeFromTclObj(NULL, self->value);
 }
 
 static PyObject *
@@ -1014,7 +1018,9 @@ AsObj(PyObject *value)
             PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError, "string is too long");
             return NULL;
         }
-        if (PyUnicode_IS_ASCII(value)) {
+        if (PyUnicode_IS_ASCII(value) &&
+            strlen(PyUnicode_DATA(value)) == (size_t)PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(value))
+        {
             return Tcl_NewStringObj((const char *)PyUnicode_DATA(value),
                                     (int)size);
         }
@@ -1029,9 +1035,6 @@ AsObj(PyObject *value)
                     "surrogatepass", NATIVE_BYTEORDER);
         else
             Py_UNREACHABLE();
-#else
-        encoded = _PyUnicode_AsUTF8String(value, "surrogateescape");
-#endif
         if (!encoded) {
             return NULL;
         }
@@ -1041,12 +1044,39 @@ AsObj(PyObject *value)
             PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError, "string is too long");
             return NULL;
         }
-#if USE_TCL_UNICODE
         result = Tcl_NewUnicodeObj((const Tcl_UniChar *)PyBytes_AS_STRING(encoded),
                                    (int)(size / sizeof(Tcl_UniChar)));
 #else
+        encoded = _PyUnicode_AsUTF8String(value, "surrogateescape");
+        if (!encoded) {
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        size = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(encoded);
+        if (strlen(PyBytes_AS_STRING(encoded)) != (size_t)size) {
+            /* The string contains embedded null characters.
+             * Tcl needs a null character to be represented as \xc0\x80 in
+             * the Modified UTF-8 encoding.  Otherwise the string can be
+             * truncated in some internal operations.
+             *
+             * NOTE: stringlib_replace() could be used here, but optimizing
+             * this obscure case isn't worth it unless stringlib_replace()
+             * was already exposed in the C API for other reasons. */
+            Py_SETREF(encoded,
+                      PyObject_CallMethod(encoded, "replace", "y#y#",
+                                          "\0", (Py_ssize_t)1,
+                                          "\xc0\x80", (Py_ssize_t)2));
+            if (!encoded) {
+                return NULL;
+            }
+            size = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(encoded);
+        }
+        if (size > INT_MAX) {
+            Py_DECREF(encoded);
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError, "string is too long");
+            return NULL;
+        }
         result = Tcl_NewStringObj(PyBytes_AS_STRING(encoded), (int)size);
-#endif
+#endif /* USE_TCL_UNICODE */
         Py_DECREF(encoded);
         return result;
     }
@@ -1143,7 +1173,7 @@ FromObj(TkappObject *tkapp, Tcl_Obj *value)
     Tcl_Interp *interp = Tkapp_Interp(tkapp);
 
     if (value->typePtr == NULL) {
-        return unicodeFromTclObj(value);
+        return unicodeFromTclObj(tkapp, value);
     }
 
     if (value->typePtr == tkapp->BooleanType ||
@@ -1208,7 +1238,7 @@ FromObj(TkappObject *tkapp, Tcl_Obj *value)
     if (value->typePtr == tkapp->StringType ||
         value->typePtr == tkapp->UTF32StringType)
     {
-        return unicodeFromTclObj(value);
+        return unicodeFromTclObj(tkapp, value);
     }
 
     if (tkapp->BignumType == NULL &&
@@ -1308,7 +1338,7 @@ Tkapp_CallArgs(PyObject *args, Tcl_Obj** objStore, Tcl_Size *pobjc)
 static PyObject *
 Tkapp_UnicodeResult(TkappObject *self)
 {
-    return unicodeFromTclObj(Tcl_GetObjResult(self->interp));
+    return unicodeFromTclObj(self, Tcl_GetObjResult(self->interp));
 }
 
 
@@ -1327,7 +1357,7 @@ Tkapp_ObjectResult(TkappObject *self)
         res = FromObj(self, value);
         Tcl_DecrRefCount(value);
     } else {
-        res = unicodeFromTclObj(value);
+        res = unicodeFromTclObj(self, value);
     }
     return res;
 }
@@ -1860,7 +1890,7 @@ GetVar(TkappObject *self, PyObject *args, int flags)
             res = FromObj(self, tres);
         }
         else {
-            res = unicodeFromTclObj(tres);
+            res = unicodeFromTclObj(self, tres);
         }
     }
     LEAVE_OVERLAP_TCL
@@ -2307,7 +2337,7 @@ PythonCmd(ClientData clientData, Tcl_Interp *interp,
 
     for (i = 0; i < (objc - 1); i++) {
         PyObject *s = objargs ? FromObj(data->self, objv[i + 1])
-                              : unicodeFromTclObj(objv[i + 1]);
+                              : unicodeFromTclObj(data->self, objv[i + 1]);
         if (!s) {
             Py_DECREF(args);
             return PythonCmd_Error(interp);
@@ -3359,17 +3389,40 @@ DisableEventHook(void)
 #endif
 }
 
+static int
+module_clear(PyObject *Py_UNUSED(mod))
+{
+    Py_CLEAR(Tkinter_TclError);
+    Py_CLEAR(Tkapp_Type);
+    Py_CLEAR(Tktt_Type);
+    Py_CLEAR(PyTclObject_Type);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+module_traverse(PyObject *Py_UNUSED(module), visitproc visit, void *arg)
+{
+    Py_VISIT(Tkinter_TclError);
+    Py_VISIT(Tkapp_Type);
+    Py_VISIT(Tktt_Type);
+    Py_VISIT(PyTclObject_Type);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static void
+module_free(void *mod)
+{
+    (void)module_clear((PyObject *)mod);
+}
 
 static struct PyModuleDef _tkintermodule = {
     PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,
-    "_tkinter",
-    NULL,
-    -1,
-    moduleMethods,
-    NULL,
-    NULL,
-    NULL,
-    NULL
+    .m_name = "_tkinter",
+    .m_size = -1,
+    .m_methods = moduleMethods,
+    .m_traverse = module_traverse,
+    .m_clear = module_clear,
+    .m_free = module_free
 };
 
 PyMODINIT_FUNC
diff --git a/Modules/_typingmodule.c b/Modules/_typingmodule.c
index 37af00f3071e1d..09fbb3c5e8b91d 100644
--- a/Modules/_typingmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/_typingmodule.c
@@ -63,9 +63,6 @@ _typing_exec(PyObject *m)
     if (PyModule_AddObjectRef(m, "TypeAliasType", (PyObject *)&_PyTypeAlias_Type) < 0) {
         return -1;
     }
-    if (PyType_Ready(&_PyNoDefault_Type) < 0) {
-        return -1;
-    }
     if (PyModule_AddObjectRef(m, "NoDefault", (PyObject *)&_Py_NoDefaultStruct) < 0) {
         return -1;
     }
diff --git a/Modules/_weakref.c b/Modules/_weakref.c
index a5c15c0f10b930..ecaa08ff60f203 100644
--- a/Modules/_weakref.c
+++ b/Modules/_weakref.c
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ _weakref_getweakrefcount_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *object)
 
 
 static int
-is_dead_weakref(PyObject *value)
+is_dead_weakref(PyObject *value, void *unused)
 {
     if (!PyWeakref_Check(value)) {
         PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "not a weakref");
@@ -56,15 +56,8 @@ _weakref__remove_dead_weakref_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *dct,
                                    PyObject *key)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=d9ff53061fcb875c input=19fc91f257f96a1d]*/
 {
-    if (_PyDict_DelItemIf(dct, key, is_dead_weakref) < 0) {
-        if (PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_KeyError))
-            /* This function is meant to allow safe weak-value dicts
-               with GC in another thread (see issue #28427), so it's
-               ok if the key doesn't exist anymore.
-               */
-            PyErr_Clear();
-        else
-            return NULL;
+    if (_PyDict_DelItemIf(dct, key, is_dead_weakref, NULL) < 0) {
+        return NULL;
     }
     Py_RETURN_NONE;
 }
diff --git a/Modules/_winapi.c b/Modules/_winapi.c
index 8794d568e92a36..a330b3ff68db62 100644
--- a/Modules/_winapi.c
+++ b/Modules/_winapi.c
@@ -2803,7 +2803,7 @@ _winapi__mimetypes_read_windows_registry_impl(PyObject *module,
         }
 
         err = RegOpenKeyExW(hkcr, ext, 0, KEY_READ, &subkey);
-        if (err == ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND) {
+        if (err == ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND || err == ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED) {
             err = ERROR_SUCCESS;
             continue;
         } else if (err != ERROR_SUCCESS) {
@@ -3166,6 +3166,11 @@ static int winapi_exec(PyObject *m)
     #define COPY_FILE_REQUEST_COMPRESSED_TRAFFIC 0x10000000
 #endif
     WINAPI_CONSTANT(F_DWORD, COPY_FILE_REQUEST_COMPRESSED_TRAFFIC);
+#ifndef COPY_FILE_DIRECTORY
+    // Only defined in newer WinSDKs
+    #define COPY_FILE_DIRECTORY 0x00000080
+#endif
+    WINAPI_CONSTANT(F_DWORD, COPY_FILE_DIRECTORY);
 
     WINAPI_CONSTANT(F_DWORD, COPYFILE2_CALLBACK_CHUNK_STARTED);
     WINAPI_CONSTANT(F_DWORD, COPYFILE2_CALLBACK_CHUNK_FINISHED);
diff --git a/Modules/_xxtestfuzz/README.rst b/Modules/_xxtestfuzz/README.rst
index b951858458c82f..68d5d589d2a551 100644
--- a/Modules/_xxtestfuzz/README.rst
+++ b/Modules/_xxtestfuzz/README.rst
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ Add the test name on a new line in ``fuzz_tests.txt``.
 
 In ``fuzzer.c``, add a function to be run::
 
-    int $test_name (const char* data, size_t size) {
+    static int $fuzz_test_name(const char* data, size_t size) {
         ...
         return 0;
     }
@@ -31,10 +31,12 @@ In ``fuzzer.c``, add a function to be run::
 
 And invoke it from ``LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput``::
 
-    #if _Py_FUZZ_YES(fuzz_builtin_float)
-        rv |= _run_fuzz(data, size, fuzz_builtin_float);
+    #if !defined(_Py_FUZZ_ONE) || defined(_Py_FUZZ_$fuzz_test_name)
+        rv |= _run_fuzz(data, size, $fuzz_test_name);
     #endif
 
+Don't forget to replace ``$fuzz_test_name`` with your actual test name.
+
 ``LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput`` will run in oss-fuzz, with each test in
 ``fuzz_tests.txt`` run separately.
 
diff --git a/Modules/_xxtestfuzz/fuzzer.c b/Modules/_xxtestfuzz/fuzzer.c
index 6ea9f64d628530..a04f1412eefda1 100644
--- a/Modules/_xxtestfuzz/fuzzer.c
+++ b/Modules/_xxtestfuzz/fuzzer.c
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
 #endif
 
 #include <Python.h>
-#include "pycore_pyhash.h"        // _Py_HashBytes()
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <inttypes.h>
 
@@ -45,7 +44,7 @@ static int fuzz_builtin_int(const char* data, size_t size) {
     /* Pick a random valid base. (When the fuzzed function takes extra
        parameters, it's somewhat normal to hash the input to generate those
        parameters. We want to exercise all code paths, so we do so here.) */
-    int base = _Py_HashBytes(data, size) % 37;
+    int base = Py_HashBuffer(data, size) % 37;
     if (base == 1) {
         // 1 is the only number between 0 and 36 that is not a valid base.
         base = 0;
diff --git a/Modules/_zoneinfo.c b/Modules/_zoneinfo.c
index 38c3f0c45d803f..c5292575c22f23 100644
--- a/Modules/_zoneinfo.c
+++ b/Modules/_zoneinfo.c
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #endif
 
 #include "Python.h"
+#include "pycore_critical_section.h"  // _Py_CRITICAL_SECTION_ASSERT_OBJECT_LOCKED()
 #include "pycore_long.h"          // _PyLong_GetOne()
 #include "pycore_pyerrors.h"      // _PyErr_ChainExceptions1()
 
@@ -298,15 +299,20 @@ get_weak_cache(zoneinfo_state *state, PyTypeObject *type)
     }
 }
 
+/*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
+@classmethod
+zoneinfo.ZoneInfo.__new__
+
+    key: object
+
+Create a new ZoneInfo instance.
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+
 static PyObject *
-zoneinfo_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kw)
+zoneinfo_ZoneInfo_impl(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *key)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=95e61dab86bb95c3 input=ef73d7a83bf8790e]*/
 {
-    PyObject *key = NULL;
-    static char *kwlist[] = {"key", NULL};
-    if (PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kw, "O", kwlist, &key) == 0) {
-        return NULL;
-    }
-
     zoneinfo_state *state = zoneinfo_get_state_by_self(type);
     PyObject *instance = zone_from_strong_cache(state, type, key);
     if (instance != NULL || PyErr_Occurred()) {
@@ -467,6 +473,7 @@ zoneinfo_ZoneInfo_no_cache_impl(PyTypeObject *type, PyTypeObject *cls,
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
 @classmethod
 zoneinfo.ZoneInfo.clear_cache
 
@@ -481,7 +488,7 @@ Clear the ZoneInfo cache.
 static PyObject *
 zoneinfo_ZoneInfo_clear_cache_impl(PyTypeObject *type, PyTypeObject *cls,
                                    PyObject *only_keys)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=114d9b7c8a22e660 input=e32ca3bb396788ba]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=114d9b7c8a22e660 input=35944715df26d24e]*/
 {
     zoneinfo_state *state = zoneinfo_get_state_by_cls(cls);
     PyObject *weak_cache = get_weak_cache(state, type);
@@ -816,14 +823,10 @@ zoneinfo_ZoneInfo__unpickle_impl(PyTypeObject *type, PyTypeObject *cls,
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=556712fc709deecb input=6ac8c73eed3de316]*/
 {
     if (from_cache) {
-        PyObject *val_args = PyTuple_Pack(1, key);
-        if (val_args == NULL) {
-            return NULL;
-        }
-
-        PyObject *rv = zoneinfo_new(type, val_args, NULL);
-
-        Py_DECREF(val_args);
+        PyObject *rv;
+        Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(type);
+        rv = zoneinfo_ZoneInfo_impl(type, key);
+        Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
         return rv;
     }
     else {
@@ -858,8 +861,7 @@ load_timedelta(zoneinfo_state *state, long seconds)
             0, seconds, 0, 1, PyDateTimeAPI->DeltaType);
 
         if (tmp != NULL) {
-            rv = PyDict_SetDefault(state->TIMEDELTA_CACHE, pyoffset, tmp);
-            Py_XINCREF(rv);
+            PyDict_SetDefaultRef(state->TIMEDELTA_CACHE, pyoffset, tmp, &rv);
             Py_DECREF(tmp);
         }
     }
@@ -944,6 +946,7 @@ ttinfo_eq(const _ttinfo *const tti0, const _ttinfo *const tti1)
 static int
 load_data(zoneinfo_state *state, PyZoneInfo_ZoneInfo *self, PyObject *file_obj)
 {
+    int rv = 0;
     PyObject *data_tuple = NULL;
 
     long *utcoff = NULL;
@@ -1220,7 +1223,6 @@ load_data(zoneinfo_state *state, PyZoneInfo_ZoneInfo *self, PyObject *file_obj)
         }
     }
 
-    int rv = 0;
     goto cleanup;
 error:
     // These resources only need to be freed if we have failed, if we succeed
@@ -2368,6 +2370,7 @@ strong_cache_free(StrongCacheNode *root)
 static void
 remove_from_strong_cache(zoneinfo_state *state, StrongCacheNode *node)
 {
+    _Py_CRITICAL_SECTION_ASSERT_OBJECT_LOCKED(state->ZoneInfoType);
     if (state->ZONEINFO_STRONG_CACHE == node) {
         state->ZONEINFO_STRONG_CACHE = node->next;
     }
@@ -2422,6 +2425,7 @@ eject_from_strong_cache(zoneinfo_state *state, const PyTypeObject *const type,
         return 0;
     }
 
+    _Py_CRITICAL_SECTION_ASSERT_OBJECT_LOCKED(state->ZoneInfoType);
     StrongCacheNode *cache = state->ZONEINFO_STRONG_CACHE;
     StrongCacheNode *node = find_in_strong_cache(cache, key);
     if (node != NULL) {
@@ -2478,6 +2482,7 @@ zone_from_strong_cache(zoneinfo_state *state, const PyTypeObject *const type,
         return NULL;  // Strong cache currently only implemented for base class
     }
 
+    _Py_CRITICAL_SECTION_ASSERT_OBJECT_LOCKED(state->ZoneInfoType);
     StrongCacheNode *cache = state->ZONEINFO_STRONG_CACHE;
     StrongCacheNode *node = find_in_strong_cache(cache, key);
 
@@ -2504,6 +2509,7 @@ update_strong_cache(zoneinfo_state *state, const PyTypeObject *const type,
         return;
     }
 
+    _Py_CRITICAL_SECTION_ASSERT_OBJECT_LOCKED(state->ZoneInfoType);
     StrongCacheNode *new_node = strong_cache_node_new(key, zone);
     if (new_node == NULL) {
         return;
@@ -2631,7 +2637,7 @@ static PyType_Slot zoneinfo_slots[] = {
     {Py_tp_getattro, PyObject_GenericGetAttr},
     {Py_tp_methods, zoneinfo_methods},
     {Py_tp_members, zoneinfo_members},
-    {Py_tp_new, zoneinfo_new},
+    {Py_tp_new, zoneinfo_ZoneInfo},
     {Py_tp_dealloc, zoneinfo_dealloc},
     {Py_tp_traverse, zoneinfo_traverse},
     {Py_tp_clear, zoneinfo_clear},
diff --git a/Modules/arraymodule.c b/Modules/arraymodule.c
index e6c84d588be98b..b80c964f20d65e 100644
--- a/Modules/arraymodule.c
+++ b/Modules/arraymodule.c
@@ -2863,7 +2863,7 @@ array_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
 
 PyDoc_STRVAR(module_doc,
 "This module defines an object type which can efficiently represent\n\
-an array of basic values: characters, integers, floating point\n\
+an array of basic values: characters, integers, floating-point\n\
 numbers.  Arrays are sequence types and behave very much like lists,\n\
 except that the type of objects stored in them is constrained.\n");
 
@@ -2891,8 +2891,8 @@ The following type codes are defined:\n\
     'L'         unsigned integer   4\n\
     'q'         signed integer     8 (see note)\n\
     'Q'         unsigned integer   8 (see note)\n\
-    'f'         floating point     4\n\
-    'd'         floating point     8\n\
+    'f'         floating-point     4\n\
+    'd'         floating-point     8\n\
 \n\
 NOTE: The 'u' typecode corresponds to Python's unicode character. On\n\
 narrow builds this is 2-bytes on wide builds this is 4-bytes.\n\
diff --git a/Modules/blake2module.c b/Modules/blake2module.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..1ec676c34c6128
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Modules/blake2module.c
@@ -0,0 +1,948 @@
+/*
+ * Written in 2013 by Dmitry Chestnykh <dmitry@codingrobots.com>
+ * Modified for CPython by Christian Heimes <christian@python.org>
+ * Updated to use HACL* by Jonathan Protzenko <jonathan@protzenko.fr>
+ *
+ * To the extent possible under law, the author have dedicated all
+ * copyright and related and neighboring rights to this software to
+ * the public domain worldwide. This software is distributed without
+ * any warranty. http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
+ */
+
+#ifndef Py_BUILD_CORE_BUILTIN
+#  define Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE 1
+#endif
+
+#include "pyconfig.h"
+#include "Python.h"
+#include "hashlib.h"
+#include "pycore_strhex.h"       // _Py_strhex()
+#include "pycore_typeobject.h"
+#include "pycore_moduleobject.h"
+
+// QUICK CPU AUTODETECTION
+//
+// See https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/119316 -- we only enable
+// vectorized versions for Intel CPUs, even though HACL*'s "vec128" modules also
+// run on ARM NEON. (We could enable them on POWER -- but I don't have access to
+// a test machine to see if that speeds anything up.)
+//
+// Note that configure.ac and the rest of the build are written in such a way
+// that if the configure script finds suitable flags to compile HACL's SIMD128
+// (resp. SIMD256) files, then Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd128.c (resp. ...) will be
+// pulled into the build automatically, and then only the CPU autodetection will
+// need to be updated here.
+
+#if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__GNUC__)
+#include <cpuid.h>
+#elif defined(_M_X64)
+#include <intrin.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+
+// SIMD256 can't be compiled on macOS ARM64, and performance of SIMD128 isn't
+// great; but when compiling a universal2 binary, autoconf will set
+// HACL_CAN_COMPILE_SIMD128 and HACL_CAN_COMPILE_SIMD256 because they *can* be
+// compiled on x86_64. If we're on macOS ARM64, disable these preprocessor
+// symbols.
+#if defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__arm64__)
+#  undef HACL_CAN_COMPILE_SIMD128
+#  undef HACL_CAN_COMPILE_SIMD256
+#endif
+
+// ECX
+#define ECX_SSE3 (1 << 0)
+#define ECX_SSSE3 (1 << 9)
+#define ECX_SSE4_1 (1 << 19)
+#define ECX_SSE4_2 (1 << 20)
+#define ECX_AVX (1 << 28)
+
+// EBX
+#define EBX_AVX2 (1 << 5)
+
+// EDX
+#define EDX_SSE (1 << 25)
+#define EDX_SSE2 (1 << 26)
+#define EDX_CMOV (1 << 15)
+
+// zero-initialized by default
+typedef struct {
+    bool sse, sse2, sse3, sse41, sse42, cmov, avx, avx2;
+    bool done;
+} cpu_flags;
+
+void detect_cpu_features(cpu_flags *flags) {
+  if (!flags->done) {
+    int eax1 = 0, ebx1 = 0, ecx1 = 0, edx1 = 0;
+    int eax7 = 0, ebx7 = 0, ecx7 = 0, edx7 = 0;
+#if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__GNUC__)
+    __cpuid_count(1, 0, eax1, ebx1, ecx1, edx1);
+    __cpuid_count(7, 0, eax7, ebx7, ecx7, edx7);
+#elif defined(_M_X64)
+    int info1[4] = { 0 };
+    int info7[4] = { 0 };
+    __cpuidex(info1, 1, 0);
+    __cpuidex(info7, 7, 0);
+    eax1 = info1[0];
+    ebx1 = info1[1];
+    ecx1 = info1[2];
+    edx1 = info1[3];
+    eax7 = info7[0];
+    ebx7 = info7[1];
+    ecx7 = info7[2];
+    edx7 = info7[3];
+#else
+    (void) eax1; (void) ebx1; (void) ecx1; (void) edx1;
+    (void) eax7; (void) ebx7; (void) ecx7; (void) edx7;
+#endif
+
+    flags->avx = (ecx1 & ECX_AVX) != 0;
+
+    flags->avx2 = (ebx7 & EBX_AVX2) != 0;
+
+    flags->sse = (edx1 & EDX_SSE) != 0;
+    flags->sse2 = (edx1 & EDX_SSE2) != 0;
+    flags->cmov = (edx1 & EDX_CMOV) != 0;
+
+    flags->sse3 = (ecx1 & ECX_SSE3) != 0;
+    /* ssse3 = (ecx1 & ECX_SSSE3) != 0; */
+    flags->sse41 = (ecx1 & ECX_SSE4_1) != 0;
+    flags->sse42 = (ecx1 & ECX_SSE4_2) != 0;
+
+    flags->done = true;
+  }
+}
+
+#ifdef HACL_CAN_COMPILE_SIMD128
+static inline bool has_simd128(cpu_flags *flags) {
+  // For now this is Intel-only, could conceivably be #ifdef'd to something
+  // else.
+  return flags->sse && flags->sse2 && flags->sse3 && flags->sse41 && flags->sse42 && flags->cmov;
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef HACL_CAN_COMPILE_SIMD256
+static inline bool has_simd256(cpu_flags *flags) {
+  return flags->avx && flags->avx2;
+}
+#endif
+
+// Small mismatch between the variable names Python defines as part of configure
+// at the ones HACL* expects to be set in order to enable those headers.
+#define HACL_CAN_COMPILE_VEC128 HACL_CAN_COMPILE_SIMD128
+#define HACL_CAN_COMPILE_VEC256 HACL_CAN_COMPILE_SIMD256
+
+#include "_hacl/Hacl_Hash_Blake2b.h"
+#include "_hacl/Hacl_Hash_Blake2s.h"
+#if HACL_CAN_COMPILE_SIMD256
+#include "_hacl/Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256.h"
+#endif
+#if HACL_CAN_COMPILE_SIMD128
+#include "_hacl/Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128.h"
+#endif
+
+// MODULE TYPE SLOTS
+
+static PyType_Spec blake2b_type_spec;
+static PyType_Spec blake2s_type_spec;
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR(blake2mod__doc__,
+"_blake2b provides BLAKE2b for hashlib\n"
+);
+
+typedef struct {
+    PyTypeObject* blake2b_type;
+    PyTypeObject* blake2s_type;
+    cpu_flags flags;
+} Blake2State;
+
+static inline Blake2State*
+blake2_get_state(PyObject *module)
+{
+    void *state = _PyModule_GetState(module);
+    assert(state != NULL);
+    return (Blake2State *)state;
+}
+
+#if defined(HACL_CAN_COMPILE_SIMD128) || defined(HACL_CAN_COMPILE_SIMD256)
+static inline Blake2State*
+blake2_get_state_from_type(PyTypeObject *module)
+{
+    void *state = _PyType_GetModuleState(module);
+    assert(state != NULL);
+    return (Blake2State *)state;
+}
+#endif
+
+static struct PyMethodDef blake2mod_functions[] = {
+    {NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+static int
+_blake2_traverse(PyObject *module, visitproc visit, void *arg)
+{
+    Blake2State *state = blake2_get_state(module);
+    Py_VISIT(state->blake2b_type);
+    Py_VISIT(state->blake2s_type);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+_blake2_clear(PyObject *module)
+{
+    Blake2State *state = blake2_get_state(module);
+    Py_CLEAR(state->blake2b_type);
+    Py_CLEAR(state->blake2s_type);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static void
+_blake2_free(void *module)
+{
+    (void)_blake2_clear((PyObject *)module);
+}
+
+#define ADD_INT(d, name, value) do { \
+    PyObject *x = PyLong_FromLong(value); \
+    if (!x) \
+        return -1; \
+    if (PyDict_SetItemString(d, name, x) < 0) { \
+        Py_DECREF(x); \
+        return -1; \
+    } \
+    Py_DECREF(x); \
+} while(0)
+
+#define ADD_INT_CONST(NAME, VALUE) do { \
+    if (PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, NAME, VALUE) < 0) { \
+        return -1; \
+    } \
+} while (0)
+
+static int
+blake2_exec(PyObject *m)
+{
+    Blake2State* st = blake2_get_state(m);
+
+    // This is called at module initialization-time, and so appears to be as
+    // good a place as any to probe the CPU flags.
+    detect_cpu_features(&st->flags);
+
+    st->blake2b_type = (PyTypeObject *)PyType_FromModuleAndSpec(
+        m, &blake2b_type_spec, NULL);
+
+    if (st->blake2b_type == NULL) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    /* BLAKE2b */
+    if (PyModule_AddType(m, st->blake2b_type) < 0) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    PyObject *d = st->blake2b_type->tp_dict;
+    ADD_INT(d, "SALT_SIZE", HACL_HASH_BLAKE2B_SALT_BYTES);
+    ADD_INT(d, "PERSON_SIZE", HACL_HASH_BLAKE2B_PERSONAL_BYTES);
+    ADD_INT(d, "MAX_KEY_SIZE", HACL_HASH_BLAKE2B_KEY_BYTES);
+    ADD_INT(d, "MAX_DIGEST_SIZE", HACL_HASH_BLAKE2B_OUT_BYTES);
+
+    ADD_INT_CONST("BLAKE2B_SALT_SIZE", HACL_HASH_BLAKE2B_SALT_BYTES);
+    ADD_INT_CONST("BLAKE2B_PERSON_SIZE", HACL_HASH_BLAKE2B_PERSONAL_BYTES);
+    ADD_INT_CONST("BLAKE2B_MAX_KEY_SIZE", HACL_HASH_BLAKE2B_KEY_BYTES);
+    ADD_INT_CONST("BLAKE2B_MAX_DIGEST_SIZE", HACL_HASH_BLAKE2B_OUT_BYTES);
+
+    /* BLAKE2s */
+    st->blake2s_type = (PyTypeObject *)PyType_FromModuleAndSpec(
+        m, &blake2s_type_spec, NULL);
+
+    if (NULL == st->blake2s_type)
+        return -1;
+
+    if (PyModule_AddType(m, st->blake2s_type) < 0) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    d = st->blake2s_type->tp_dict;
+    ADD_INT(d, "SALT_SIZE", HACL_HASH_BLAKE2S_SALT_BYTES);
+    ADD_INT(d, "PERSON_SIZE", HACL_HASH_BLAKE2S_PERSONAL_BYTES);
+    ADD_INT(d, "MAX_KEY_SIZE", HACL_HASH_BLAKE2S_KEY_BYTES);
+    ADD_INT(d, "MAX_DIGEST_SIZE", HACL_HASH_BLAKE2S_OUT_BYTES);
+
+    ADD_INT_CONST("BLAKE2S_SALT_SIZE", HACL_HASH_BLAKE2S_SALT_BYTES);
+    ADD_INT_CONST("BLAKE2S_PERSON_SIZE", HACL_HASH_BLAKE2S_PERSONAL_BYTES);
+    ADD_INT_CONST("BLAKE2S_MAX_KEY_SIZE", HACL_HASH_BLAKE2S_KEY_BYTES);
+    ADD_INT_CONST("BLAKE2S_MAX_DIGEST_SIZE", HACL_HASH_BLAKE2S_OUT_BYTES);
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+#undef ADD_INT
+#undef ADD_INT_CONST
+
+static PyModuleDef_Slot _blake2_slots[] = {
+    {Py_mod_exec, blake2_exec},
+    {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
+    {0, NULL}
+};
+
+static struct PyModuleDef blake2_module = {
+    .m_base = PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,
+    .m_name = "_blake2",
+    .m_doc = blake2mod__doc__,
+    .m_size = sizeof(Blake2State),
+    .m_methods = blake2mod_functions,
+    .m_slots = _blake2_slots,
+    .m_traverse = _blake2_traverse,
+    .m_clear = _blake2_clear,
+    .m_free = _blake2_free,
+};
+
+PyMODINIT_FUNC
+PyInit__blake2(void)
+{
+    return PyModuleDef_Init(&blake2_module);
+}
+
+// IMPLEMENTATION OF METHODS
+
+// The HACL* API does not offer an agile API that can deal with either Blake2S
+// or Blake2B -- the reason is that the underlying states are optimized (uint32s
+// for S, uint64s for B). Therefore, we use a tagged union in this module to
+// correctly dispatch. Note that the previous incarnation of this code
+// transformed the Blake2b implementation into the Blake2s one using a script,
+// so this is an improvement.
+//
+// The 128 and 256 versions are only available if i) we were able to compile
+// them, and ii) if the CPU we run on also happens to have the right instruction
+// set.
+typedef enum { Blake2s, Blake2b, Blake2s_128, Blake2b_256 } blake2_impl;
+
+static inline bool is_blake2b(blake2_impl impl) {
+  return impl == Blake2b || impl == Blake2b_256;
+}
+
+static inline bool is_blake2s(blake2_impl impl) {
+  return !is_blake2b(impl);
+}
+
+static inline blake2_impl type_to_impl(PyTypeObject *type) {
+#if defined(HACL_CAN_COMPILE_SIMD128) || defined(HACL_CAN_COMPILE_SIMD256)
+    Blake2State* st = blake2_get_state_from_type(type);
+#endif
+    if (!strcmp(type->tp_name, blake2b_type_spec.name)) {
+#ifdef HACL_CAN_COMPILE_SIMD256
+      if (has_simd256(&st->flags))
+        return Blake2b_256;
+      else
+#endif
+        return Blake2b;
+    } else if (!strcmp(type->tp_name, blake2s_type_spec.name)) {
+#ifdef HACL_CAN_COMPILE_SIMD128
+      if (has_simd128(&st->flags))
+        return Blake2s_128;
+      else
+#endif
+        return Blake2s;
+    } else {
+      Py_UNREACHABLE();
+    }
+}
+
+typedef struct {
+    PyObject_HEAD
+    union {
+        Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_state_t *blake2s_state;
+        Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_state_t *blake2b_state;
+#ifdef HACL_CAN_COMPILE_SIMD128
+        Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_state_t *blake2s_128_state;
+#endif
+#ifdef HACL_CAN_COMPILE_SIMD256
+        Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_state_t *blake2b_256_state;
+#endif
+    };
+    blake2_impl impl;
+    bool use_mutex;
+    PyMutex mutex;
+} Blake2Object;
+
+#include "clinic/blake2module.c.h"
+
+/*[clinic input]
+module _blake2
+class _blake2.blake2b "Blake2Object *" "&PyBlake2_BLAKE2bType"
+class _blake2.blake2s "Blake2Object *" "&PyBlake2_BLAKE2sType"
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=da39a3ee5e6b4b0d input=b7526666bd18af83]*/
+
+
+static Blake2Object *
+new_Blake2Object(PyTypeObject *type)
+{
+    Blake2Object *self;
+    self = (Blake2Object *)type->tp_alloc(type, 0);
+    if (self == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    HASHLIB_INIT_MUTEX(self);
+
+    return self;
+}
+
+/* HACL* takes a uint32_t for the length of its parameter, but Py_ssize_t can be
+ * 64 bits so we loop in <4gig chunks when needed. */
+
+#if PY_SSIZE_T_MAX > UINT32_MAX
+#define HACL_UPDATE_LOOP(update,state,buf,len) \
+  while (len > UINT32_MAX) { \
+    update(state, buf, UINT32_MAX); \
+    len -= UINT32_MAX; \
+    buf += UINT32_MAX; \
+  }
+#else
+#define HACL_UPDATE_LOOP(update,state,buf,len)
+#endif
+
+#define HACL_UPDATE(update,state,buf,len) do { \
+  /* Note: we explicitly ignore the error code on the basis that it would take >
+   * 1 billion years to overflow the maximum admissible length for SHA2-256
+   * (namely, 2^61-1 bytes). */ \
+  HACL_UPDATE_LOOP(update,state,buf,len) \
+  /* Cast to uint32_t is safe: len <= UINT32_MAX at this point. */ \
+  update(state, buf, (uint32_t) len); \
+} while (0)
+
+static void update(Blake2Object *self, uint8_t *buf, Py_ssize_t len) {
+    switch (self->impl) {
+      // These need to be ifdef'd out otherwise it's an unresolved symbol at
+      // link-time.
+#ifdef HACL_CAN_COMPILE_SIMD256
+        case Blake2b_256:
+            HACL_UPDATE(Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_update,self->blake2b_256_state, buf, len);
+            return;
+#endif
+#ifdef HACL_CAN_COMPILE_SIMD128
+        case Blake2s_128:
+            HACL_UPDATE(Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_update,self->blake2s_128_state, buf, len);
+            return;
+#endif
+        case Blake2b:
+            HACL_UPDATE(Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_update,self->blake2b_state, buf, len);
+            return;
+        case Blake2s:
+            HACL_UPDATE(Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_update,self->blake2s_state, buf, len);
+            return;
+        default:
+            Py_UNREACHABLE();
+    }
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+py_blake2b_or_s_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *data, int digest_size,
+                    Py_buffer *key, Py_buffer *salt, Py_buffer *person,
+                    int fanout, int depth, unsigned long leaf_size,
+                    unsigned long long node_offset, int node_depth,
+                    int inner_size, int last_node, int usedforsecurity)
+
+{
+    Blake2Object *self = NULL;
+    Py_buffer buf;
+
+    self = new_Blake2Object(type);
+    if (self == NULL) {
+        goto error;
+    }
+
+    self->impl = type_to_impl(type);
+
+    // Using Blake2b because we statically know that these are greater than the
+    // Blake2s sizes -- this avoids a VLA.
+    uint8_t salt_[HACL_HASH_BLAKE2B_SALT_BYTES] = { 0 };
+    uint8_t personal_[HACL_HASH_BLAKE2B_PERSONAL_BYTES] = { 0 };
+
+    /* Validate digest size. */
+    if (digest_size <= 0 ||
+        (unsigned) digest_size > (is_blake2b(self->impl) ? HACL_HASH_BLAKE2B_OUT_BYTES : HACL_HASH_BLAKE2S_OUT_BYTES))
+    {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
+                "digest_size for %s must be between 1 and %d bytes, here it is %d",
+                is_blake2b(self->impl) ? "Blake2b" : "Blake2s",
+                is_blake2b(self->impl) ? HACL_HASH_BLAKE2B_OUT_BYTES : HACL_HASH_BLAKE2S_OUT_BYTES,
+                digest_size);
+        goto error;
+    }
+
+    /* Validate salt parameter. */
+    if ((salt->obj != NULL) && salt->len) {
+        if (salt->len > (is_blake2b(self->impl) ? HACL_HASH_BLAKE2B_SALT_BYTES : HACL_HASH_BLAKE2S_SALT_BYTES)) {
+            PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
+                "maximum salt length is %d bytes",
+                (is_blake2b(self->impl) ? HACL_HASH_BLAKE2B_SALT_BYTES : HACL_HASH_BLAKE2S_SALT_BYTES));
+            goto error;
+        }
+        memcpy(salt_, salt->buf, salt->len);
+    }
+
+    /* Validate personalization parameter. */
+    if ((person->obj != NULL) && person->len) {
+        if (person->len > (is_blake2b(self->impl) ? HACL_HASH_BLAKE2B_PERSONAL_BYTES : HACL_HASH_BLAKE2S_PERSONAL_BYTES)) {
+            PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
+                "maximum person length is %d bytes",
+                (is_blake2b(self->impl) ? HACL_HASH_BLAKE2B_PERSONAL_BYTES : HACL_HASH_BLAKE2S_PERSONAL_BYTES));
+            goto error;
+        }
+        memcpy(personal_, person->buf, person->len);
+    }
+
+    /* Validate tree parameters. */
+    if (fanout < 0 || fanout > 255) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                "fanout must be between 0 and 255");
+        goto error;
+    }
+
+    if (depth <= 0 || depth > 255) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                "depth must be between 1 and 255");
+        goto error;
+    }
+
+    if (leaf_size > 0xFFFFFFFFU) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError, "leaf_size is too large");
+        goto error;
+    }
+
+    if (is_blake2s(self->impl) && node_offset > 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFULL) {
+        /* maximum 2**48 - 1 */
+         PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError, "node_offset is too large");
+         goto error;
+     }
+
+    if (node_depth < 0 || node_depth > 255) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                "node_depth must be between 0 and 255");
+        goto error;
+    }
+
+    if (inner_size < 0 ||
+        (unsigned) inner_size > (is_blake2b(self->impl) ? HACL_HASH_BLAKE2B_OUT_BYTES : HACL_HASH_BLAKE2S_OUT_BYTES)) {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
+                "inner_size must be between 0 and is %d",
+                (is_blake2b(self->impl) ? HACL_HASH_BLAKE2B_OUT_BYTES : HACL_HASH_BLAKE2S_OUT_BYTES));
+        goto error;
+    }
+
+    /* Set key length. */
+    if ((key->obj != NULL) && key->len) {
+        if (key->len > (is_blake2b(self->impl) ? HACL_HASH_BLAKE2B_KEY_BYTES : HACL_HASH_BLAKE2S_KEY_BYTES)) {
+            PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
+                "maximum key length is %d bytes",
+                (is_blake2b(self->impl) ? HACL_HASH_BLAKE2B_KEY_BYTES : HACL_HASH_BLAKE2S_KEY_BYTES));
+            goto error;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Unlike the state types, the parameters share a single (client-friendly)
+    // structure.
+
+    Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_blake2_params params = {
+        .digest_length = digest_size,
+        .key_length = (uint8_t)key->len,
+        .fanout = fanout,
+        .depth = depth,
+        .leaf_length = leaf_size,
+        .node_offset = node_offset,
+        .node_depth = node_depth,
+        .inner_length = inner_size,
+        .salt = salt_,
+        .personal = personal_
+    };
+
+    switch (self->impl) {
+#if HACL_CAN_COMPILE_SIMD256
+        case Blake2b_256:
+            self->blake2b_256_state = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_malloc_with_params_and_key(&params, last_node, key->buf);
+            break;
+#endif
+#if HACL_CAN_COMPILE_SIMD128
+        case Blake2s_128:
+            self->blake2s_128_state = Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_malloc_with_params_and_key(&params, last_node, key->buf);
+            break;
+#endif
+        case Blake2b:
+            self->blake2b_state = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_malloc_with_params_and_key(&params, last_node, key->buf);
+            break;
+        case Blake2s:
+            self->blake2s_state = Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_malloc_with_params_and_key(&params, last_node, key->buf);
+            break;
+        default:
+            Py_UNREACHABLE();
+    }
+
+    /* Process initial data if any. */
+    if (data != NULL) {
+        GET_BUFFER_VIEW_OR_ERROR(data, &buf, goto error);
+
+        if (buf.len >= HASHLIB_GIL_MINSIZE) {
+            Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
+            update(self, buf.buf, buf.len);
+            Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
+        } else {
+            update(self, buf.buf, buf.len);
+        }
+        PyBuffer_Release(&buf);
+    }
+
+    return (PyObject *)self;
+error:
+	Py_XDECREF(self);
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+/*[clinic input]
+@classmethod
+_blake2.blake2b.__new__ as py_blake2b_new
+    data: object(c_default="NULL") = b''
+    /
+    *
+    digest_size: int(c_default="HACL_HASH_BLAKE2B_OUT_BYTES") = _blake2.blake2b.MAX_DIGEST_SIZE
+    key: Py_buffer(c_default="NULL", py_default="b''") = None
+    salt: Py_buffer(c_default="NULL", py_default="b''") = None
+    person: Py_buffer(c_default="NULL", py_default="b''") = None
+    fanout: int = 1
+    depth: int = 1
+    leaf_size: unsigned_long = 0
+    node_offset: unsigned_long_long = 0
+    node_depth: int = 0
+    inner_size: int = 0
+    last_node: bool = False
+    usedforsecurity: bool = True
+
+Return a new BLAKE2b hash object.
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+
+static PyObject *
+py_blake2b_new_impl(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *data, int digest_size,
+                    Py_buffer *key, Py_buffer *salt, Py_buffer *person,
+                    int fanout, int depth, unsigned long leaf_size,
+                    unsigned long long node_offset, int node_depth,
+                    int inner_size, int last_node, int usedforsecurity)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=32bfd8f043c6896f input=8fee2b7b11428b2d]*/
+{
+    return py_blake2b_or_s_new(type, data, digest_size, key, salt, person, fanout, depth, leaf_size, node_offset, node_depth, inner_size, last_node, usedforsecurity);
+}
+
+/*[clinic input]
+@classmethod
+_blake2.blake2s.__new__ as py_blake2s_new
+    data: object(c_default="NULL") = b''
+    /
+    *
+    digest_size: int(c_default="HACL_HASH_BLAKE2S_OUT_BYTES") = _blake2.blake2s.MAX_DIGEST_SIZE
+    key: Py_buffer(c_default="NULL", py_default="b''") = None
+    salt: Py_buffer(c_default="NULL", py_default="b''") = None
+    person: Py_buffer(c_default="NULL", py_default="b''") = None
+    fanout: int = 1
+    depth: int = 1
+    leaf_size: unsigned_long = 0
+    node_offset: unsigned_long_long = 0
+    node_depth: int = 0
+    inner_size: int = 0
+    last_node: bool = False
+    usedforsecurity: bool = True
+
+Return a new BLAKE2s hash object.
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+
+static PyObject *
+py_blake2s_new_impl(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *data, int digest_size,
+                    Py_buffer *key, Py_buffer *salt, Py_buffer *person,
+                    int fanout, int depth, unsigned long leaf_size,
+                    unsigned long long node_offset, int node_depth,
+                    int inner_size, int last_node, int usedforsecurity)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=556181f73905c686 input=8165a11980eac7f3]*/
+{
+    return py_blake2b_or_s_new(type, data, digest_size, key, salt, person, fanout, depth, leaf_size, node_offset, node_depth, inner_size, last_node, usedforsecurity);
+}
+
+/*[clinic input]
+_blake2.blake2b.copy
+
+Return a copy of the hash object.
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+
+static PyObject *
+_blake2_blake2b_copy_impl(Blake2Object *self)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=622d1c56b91c50d8 input=e383c2d199fd8a2e]*/
+{
+    Blake2Object *cpy;
+
+    if ((cpy = new_Blake2Object(Py_TYPE(self))) == NULL)
+        return NULL;
+
+    ENTER_HASHLIB(self);
+    switch (self->impl) {
+#if HACL_CAN_COMPILE_SIMD256
+        case Blake2b_256:
+            cpy->blake2b_256_state = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_copy(self->blake2b_256_state);
+            break;
+#endif
+#if HACL_CAN_COMPILE_SIMD128
+        case Blake2s_128:
+            cpy->blake2s_128_state = Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_copy(self->blake2s_128_state);
+            break;
+#endif
+        case Blake2b:
+            cpy->blake2b_state = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_copy(self->blake2b_state);
+            break;
+        case Blake2s:
+            cpy->blake2s_state = Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_copy(self->blake2s_state);
+            break;
+        default:
+            Py_UNREACHABLE();
+    }
+    cpy->impl = self->impl;
+    LEAVE_HASHLIB(self);
+    return (PyObject *)cpy;
+}
+
+/*[clinic input]
+_blake2.blake2b.update
+
+    data: object
+    /
+
+Update this hash object's state with the provided bytes-like object.
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+
+static PyObject *
+_blake2_blake2b_update(Blake2Object *self, PyObject *data)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=e6d1ac88471df308 input=ffc4aa6a6a225d31]*/
+{
+    Py_buffer buf;
+
+    GET_BUFFER_VIEW_OR_ERROUT(data, &buf);
+
+    if (!self->use_mutex && buf.len >= HASHLIB_GIL_MINSIZE) {
+        self->use_mutex = true;
+    }
+    if (self->use_mutex) {
+        Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
+        PyMutex_Lock(&self->mutex);
+        update(self, buf.buf, buf.len);
+        PyMutex_Unlock(&self->mutex);
+        Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
+    } else {
+        update(self, buf.buf, buf.len);
+    }
+
+    PyBuffer_Release(&buf);
+
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
+}
+
+/*[clinic input]
+_blake2.blake2b.digest
+
+Return the digest value as a bytes object.
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+
+static PyObject *
+_blake2_blake2b_digest_impl(Blake2Object *self)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=31ab8ad477f4a2f7 input=7d21659e9c5fff02]*/
+{
+    uint8_t digest[HACL_HASH_BLAKE2B_OUT_BYTES];
+
+    ENTER_HASHLIB(self);
+    uint8_t digest_length = 0;
+    switch (self->impl) {
+#if HACL_CAN_COMPILE_SIMD256
+        case Blake2b_256:
+            digest_length = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_digest(self->blake2b_256_state, digest);
+            break;
+#endif
+#if HACL_CAN_COMPILE_SIMD128
+        case Blake2s_128:
+            digest_length = Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_digest(self->blake2s_128_state, digest);
+            break;
+#endif
+        case Blake2b:
+            digest_length = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_digest(self->blake2b_state, digest);
+            break;
+        case Blake2s:
+            digest_length = Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_digest(self->blake2s_state, digest);
+            break;
+        default:
+            Py_UNREACHABLE();
+    }
+    LEAVE_HASHLIB(self);
+    return PyBytes_FromStringAndSize((const char *)digest, digest_length);
+}
+
+/*[clinic input]
+_blake2.blake2b.hexdigest
+
+Return the digest value as a string of hexadecimal digits.
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+
+static PyObject *
+_blake2_blake2b_hexdigest_impl(Blake2Object *self)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=5ef54b138db6610a input=76930f6946351f56]*/
+{
+    uint8_t digest[HACL_HASH_BLAKE2B_OUT_BYTES];
+
+    ENTER_HASHLIB(self);
+    uint8_t digest_length = 0;
+    switch (self->impl) {
+#if HACL_CAN_COMPILE_SIMD256
+        case Blake2b_256:
+            digest_length = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_digest(self->blake2b_256_state, digest);
+            break;
+#endif
+#if HACL_CAN_COMPILE_SIMD128
+        case Blake2s_128:
+            digest_length = Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_digest(self->blake2s_128_state, digest);
+            break;
+#endif
+        case Blake2b:
+            digest_length = Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_digest(self->blake2b_state, digest);
+            break;
+        case Blake2s:
+            digest_length = Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_digest(self->blake2s_state, digest);
+            break;
+        default:
+            Py_UNREACHABLE();
+    }
+    LEAVE_HASHLIB(self);
+    return _Py_strhex((const char *)digest, digest_length);
+}
+
+
+static PyMethodDef py_blake2b_methods[] = {
+    _BLAKE2_BLAKE2B_COPY_METHODDEF
+    _BLAKE2_BLAKE2B_DIGEST_METHODDEF
+    _BLAKE2_BLAKE2B_HEXDIGEST_METHODDEF
+    _BLAKE2_BLAKE2B_UPDATE_METHODDEF
+    {NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+
+static PyObject *
+py_blake2b_get_name(Blake2Object *self, void *closure)
+{
+    return PyUnicode_FromString(is_blake2b(self->impl) ? "blake2b" : "blake2s");
+}
+
+
+
+static PyObject *
+py_blake2b_get_block_size(Blake2Object *self, void *closure)
+{
+    return PyLong_FromLong(is_blake2b(self->impl) ? HACL_HASH_BLAKE2B_BLOCK_BYTES : HACL_HASH_BLAKE2S_BLOCK_BYTES);
+}
+
+
+
+static PyObject *
+py_blake2b_get_digest_size(Blake2Object *self, void *closure)
+{
+    switch (self->impl) {
+#if HACL_CAN_COMPILE_SIMD256
+        case Blake2b_256:
+            return PyLong_FromLong(Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_info(self->blake2b_256_state).digest_length);
+#endif
+#if HACL_CAN_COMPILE_SIMD128
+        case Blake2s_128:
+            return PyLong_FromLong(Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_info(self->blake2s_128_state).digest_length);
+#endif
+        case Blake2b:
+            return PyLong_FromLong(Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_info(self->blake2b_state).digest_length);
+        case Blake2s:
+            return PyLong_FromLong(Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_info(self->blake2s_state).digest_length);
+        default:
+            Py_UNREACHABLE();
+    }
+}
+
+
+static PyGetSetDef py_blake2b_getsetters[] = {
+    {"name", (getter)py_blake2b_get_name,
+        NULL, NULL, NULL},
+    {"block_size", (getter)py_blake2b_get_block_size,
+        NULL, NULL, NULL},
+    {"digest_size", (getter)py_blake2b_get_digest_size,
+        NULL, NULL, NULL},
+    {NULL}
+};
+
+
+static void
+py_blake2b_dealloc(Blake2Object *self)
+{
+    switch (self->impl) {
+#if HACL_CAN_COMPILE_SIMD256
+        case Blake2b_256:
+            if (self->blake2b_256_state != NULL)
+                Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_free(self->blake2b_256_state);
+            break;
+#endif
+#if HACL_CAN_COMPILE_SIMD128
+        case Blake2s_128:
+            if (self->blake2s_128_state != NULL)
+                Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_free(self->blake2s_128_state);
+            break;
+#endif
+        case Blake2b:
+            // This happens if we hit "goto error" in the middle of the
+            // initialization function. We leverage the fact that tp_alloc
+            // guarantees that the contents of the object are NULL-initialized
+            // (see documentation for PyType_GenericAlloc) to detect this case.
+            if (self->blake2b_state != NULL)
+                Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_free(self->blake2b_state);
+            break;
+        case Blake2s:
+            if (self->blake2s_state != NULL)
+                Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_free(self->blake2s_state);
+            break;
+        default:
+            Py_UNREACHABLE();
+    }
+
+    PyTypeObject *type = Py_TYPE(self);
+    PyObject_Free(self);
+    Py_DECREF(type);
+}
+
+static PyType_Slot blake2b_type_slots[] = {
+    {Py_tp_dealloc, py_blake2b_dealloc},
+    {Py_tp_doc, (char *)py_blake2b_new__doc__},
+    {Py_tp_methods, py_blake2b_methods},
+    {Py_tp_getset, py_blake2b_getsetters},
+    {Py_tp_new, py_blake2b_new},
+    {0,0}
+};
+
+static PyType_Slot blake2s_type_slots[] = {
+    {Py_tp_dealloc, py_blake2b_dealloc},
+    {Py_tp_doc, (char *)py_blake2s_new__doc__},
+    {Py_tp_methods, py_blake2b_methods},
+    {Py_tp_getset, py_blake2b_getsetters},
+    // only the constructor differs, so that it can receive a clinic-generated
+    // default digest length suitable for blake2s
+    {Py_tp_new, py_blake2s_new},
+    {0,0}
+};
+
+static PyType_Spec blake2b_type_spec = {
+    .name = "_blake2.blake2b",
+    .basicsize =  sizeof(Blake2Object),
+    .flags = Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_IMMUTABLETYPE,
+    .slots = blake2b_type_slots
+};
+
+static PyType_Spec blake2s_type_spec = {
+    .name = "_blake2.blake2s",
+    .basicsize =  sizeof(Blake2Object),
+    .flags = Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_IMMUTABLETYPE,
+    .slots = blake2s_type_slots
+};
diff --git a/Modules/cjkcodecs/_codecs_iso2022.c b/Modules/cjkcodecs/_codecs_iso2022.c
index e8835ad0909633..ef6faeb71274e1 100644
--- a/Modules/cjkcodecs/_codecs_iso2022.c
+++ b/Modules/cjkcodecs/_codecs_iso2022.c
@@ -806,7 +806,7 @@ jisx0213_encoder(const MultibyteCodec *codec, const Py_UCS4 *data,
                                 jisx0213_pair_encmap, JISX0213_ENCPAIRS);
         if (coded != DBCINV)
             return coded;
-        /* fall through */
+        _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
 
     case -1: /* flush unterminated */
         *length = 1;
diff --git a/Modules/cjkcodecs/multibytecodec.c b/Modules/cjkcodecs/multibytecodec.c
index 373518673dd352..53135ae4aa7968 100644
--- a/Modules/cjkcodecs/multibytecodec.c
+++ b/Modules/cjkcodecs/multibytecodec.c
@@ -669,7 +669,7 @@ _multibytecodec_MultibyteCodec_decode_impl(MultibyteCodecObject *self,
 
     if (datalen == 0) {
         ERROR_DECREF(errorcb);
-        return make_tuple(PyUnicode_New(0, 0), 0);
+        return make_tuple(Py_GetConstant(Py_CONSTANT_EMPTY_STR), 0);
     }
 
     _PyUnicodeWriter_Init(&buf.writer);
@@ -1434,7 +1434,7 @@ mbstreamreader_iread(MultibyteStreamReaderObject *self,
     Py_ssize_t rsize;
 
     if (sizehint == 0)
-        return PyUnicode_New(0, 0);
+        return Py_GetConstant(Py_CONSTANT_EMPTY_STR);
 
     _PyUnicodeWriter_Init(&buf.writer);
     buf.excobj = NULL;
diff --git a/Modules/clinic/_asynciomodule.c.h b/Modules/clinic/_asynciomodule.c.h
index 6a9c8ff6d8fdd9..d619a124ccead5 100644
--- a/Modules/clinic/_asynciomodule.c.h
+++ b/Modules/clinic/_asynciomodule.c.h
@@ -1487,4 +1487,64 @@ _asyncio_current_task(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs,
 exit:
     return return_value;
 }
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=b26155080c82c472 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR(_asyncio_all_tasks__doc__,
+"all_tasks($module, /, loop=None)\n"
+"--\n"
+"\n"
+"Return a set of all tasks for the loop.");
+
+#define _ASYNCIO_ALL_TASKS_METHODDEF    \
+    {"all_tasks", _PyCFunction_CAST(_asyncio_all_tasks), METH_FASTCALL|METH_KEYWORDS, _asyncio_all_tasks__doc__},
+
+static PyObject *
+_asyncio_all_tasks_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *loop);
+
+static PyObject *
+_asyncio_all_tasks(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObject *kwnames)
+{
+    PyObject *return_value = NULL;
+    #if defined(Py_BUILD_CORE) && !defined(Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE)
+
+    #define NUM_KEYWORDS 1
+    static struct {
+        PyGC_Head _this_is_not_used;
+        PyObject_VAR_HEAD
+        PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
+    } _kwtuple = {
+        .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
+        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(loop), },
+    };
+    #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
+    #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
+
+    #else  // !Py_BUILD_CORE
+    #  define KWTUPLE NULL
+    #endif  // !Py_BUILD_CORE
+
+    static const char * const _keywords[] = {"loop", NULL};
+    static _PyArg_Parser _parser = {
+        .keywords = _keywords,
+        .fname = "all_tasks",
+        .kwtuple = KWTUPLE,
+    };
+    #undef KWTUPLE
+    PyObject *argsbuf[1];
+    Py_ssize_t noptargs = nargs + (kwnames ? PyTuple_GET_SIZE(kwnames) : 0) - 0;
+    PyObject *loop = Py_None;
+
+    args = _PyArg_UnpackKeywords(args, nargs, NULL, kwnames, &_parser, 0, 1, 0, argsbuf);
+    if (!args) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!noptargs) {
+        goto skip_optional_pos;
+    }
+    loop = args[0];
+skip_optional_pos:
+    return_value = _asyncio_all_tasks_impl(module, loop);
+
+exit:
+    return return_value;
+}
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=ffe9b71bc65888b3 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff --git a/Modules/clinic/_bisectmodule.c.h b/Modules/clinic/_bisectmodule.c.h
index 9955d0edb2699f..528602c84a9b23 100644
--- a/Modules/clinic/_bisectmodule.c.h
+++ b/Modules/clinic/_bisectmodule.c.h
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ _bisect_bisect_right(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs,
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(a), &_Py_ID(x), &_Py_ID(lo), &_Py_ID(hi), &_Py_ID(key), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('a'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('x'), &_Py_ID(lo), &_Py_ID(hi), &_Py_ID(key), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ _bisect_insort_right(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs,
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(a), &_Py_ID(x), &_Py_ID(lo), &_Py_ID(hi), &_Py_ID(key), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('a'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('x'), &_Py_ID(lo), &_Py_ID(hi), &_Py_ID(key), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ _bisect_bisect_left(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, P
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(a), &_Py_ID(x), &_Py_ID(lo), &_Py_ID(hi), &_Py_ID(key), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('a'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('x'), &_Py_ID(lo), &_Py_ID(hi), &_Py_ID(key), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -365,7 +365,7 @@ _bisect_insort_left(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, P
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(a), &_Py_ID(x), &_Py_ID(lo), &_Py_ID(hi), &_Py_ID(key), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('a'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('x'), &_Py_ID(lo), &_Py_ID(hi), &_Py_ID(key), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -434,4 +434,4 @@ _bisect_insort_left(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, P
 exit:
     return return_value;
 }
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=4af5bd405149bf5f input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=0a8d5a32dd0a3f04 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff --git a/Modules/clinic/_codecsmodule.c.h b/Modules/clinic/_codecsmodule.c.h
index 1c0f37442ab350..01855aec5e123e 100644
--- a/Modules/clinic/_codecsmodule.c.h
+++ b/Modules/clinic/_codecsmodule.c.h
@@ -2683,6 +2683,56 @@ _codecs_register_error(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs
     return return_value;
 }
 
+PyDoc_STRVAR(_codecs__unregister_error__doc__,
+"_unregister_error($module, errors, /)\n"
+"--\n"
+"\n"
+"Un-register the specified error handler for the error handling `errors\'.\n"
+"\n"
+"Only custom error handlers can be un-registered. An exception is raised\n"
+"if the error handling is a built-in one (e.g., \'strict\'), or if an error\n"
+"occurs.\n"
+"\n"
+"Otherwise, this returns True if a custom handler has been successfully\n"
+"un-registered, and False if no custom handler for the specified error\n"
+"handling exists.");
+
+#define _CODECS__UNREGISTER_ERROR_METHODDEF    \
+    {"_unregister_error", (PyCFunction)_codecs__unregister_error, METH_O, _codecs__unregister_error__doc__},
+
+static int
+_codecs__unregister_error_impl(PyObject *module, const char *errors);
+
+static PyObject *
+_codecs__unregister_error(PyObject *module, PyObject *arg)
+{
+    PyObject *return_value = NULL;
+    const char *errors;
+    int _return_value;
+
+    if (!PyUnicode_Check(arg)) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("_unregister_error", "argument", "str", arg);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    Py_ssize_t errors_length;
+    errors = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(arg, &errors_length);
+    if (errors == NULL) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (strlen(errors) != (size_t)errors_length) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "embedded null character");
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    _return_value = _codecs__unregister_error_impl(module, errors);
+    if ((_return_value == -1) && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    return_value = PyBool_FromLong((long)_return_value);
+
+exit:
+    return return_value;
+}
+
 PyDoc_STRVAR(_codecs_lookup_error__doc__,
 "lookup_error($module, name, /)\n"
 "--\n"
@@ -2746,4 +2796,4 @@ _codecs_lookup_error(PyObject *module, PyObject *arg)
 #ifndef _CODECS_CODE_PAGE_ENCODE_METHODDEF
     #define _CODECS_CODE_PAGE_ENCODE_METHODDEF
 #endif /* !defined(_CODECS_CODE_PAGE_ENCODE_METHODDEF) */
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=e50d5fdf65bd45fa input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=b3013d4709d96ffe input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff --git a/Modules/clinic/_cursesmodule.c.h b/Modules/clinic/_cursesmodule.c.h
index f7e0aaf7b23649..8399c5620f125b 100644
--- a/Modules/clinic/_cursesmodule.c.h
+++ b/Modules/clinic/_cursesmodule.c.h
@@ -1389,12 +1389,12 @@ _curses_window_overlay(PyCursesWindowObject *self, PyObject *args)
 
     switch (PyTuple_GET_SIZE(args)) {
         case 1:
-            if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O!:overlay", &PyCursesWindow_Type, &destwin)) {
+            if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O!:overlay", clinic_state()->window_type, &destwin)) {
                 goto exit;
             }
             break;
         case 7:
-            if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O!iiiiii:overlay", &PyCursesWindow_Type, &destwin, &sminrow, &smincol, &dminrow, &dmincol, &dmaxrow, &dmaxcol)) {
+            if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O!iiiiii:overlay", clinic_state()->window_type, &destwin, &sminrow, &smincol, &dminrow, &dmincol, &dmaxrow, &dmaxcol)) {
                 goto exit;
             }
             group_right_1 = 1;
@@ -1448,12 +1448,12 @@ _curses_window_overwrite(PyCursesWindowObject *self, PyObject *args)
 
     switch (PyTuple_GET_SIZE(args)) {
         case 1:
-            if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O!:overwrite", &PyCursesWindow_Type, &destwin)) {
+            if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O!:overwrite", clinic_state()->window_type, &destwin)) {
                 goto exit;
             }
             break;
         case 7:
-            if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O!iiiiii:overwrite", &PyCursesWindow_Type, &destwin, &sminrow, &smincol, &dminrow, &dmincol, &dmaxrow, &dmaxcol)) {
+            if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O!iiiiii:overwrite", clinic_state()->window_type, &destwin, &sminrow, &smincol, &dminrow, &dmincol, &dmaxrow, &dmaxcol)) {
                 goto exit;
             }
             group_right_1 = 1;
@@ -3693,25 +3693,55 @@ PyDoc_STRVAR(_curses_resizeterm__doc__,
     {"resizeterm", _PyCFunction_CAST(_curses_resizeterm), METH_FASTCALL, _curses_resizeterm__doc__},
 
 static PyObject *
-_curses_resizeterm_impl(PyObject *module, int nlines, int ncols);
+_curses_resizeterm_impl(PyObject *module, short nlines, short ncols);
 
 static PyObject *
 _curses_resizeterm(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
 {
     PyObject *return_value = NULL;
-    int nlines;
-    int ncols;
+    short nlines;
+    short ncols;
 
     if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("resizeterm", nargs, 2, 2)) {
         goto exit;
     }
-    nlines = PyLong_AsInt(args[0]);
-    if (nlines == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
-        goto exit;
+    {
+        long ival = PyLong_AsLong(args[0]);
+        if (ival == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        else if (ival < SHRT_MIN) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
+                            "signed short integer is less than minimum");
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        else if (ival > SHRT_MAX) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
+                            "signed short integer is greater than maximum");
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        else {
+            nlines = (short) ival;
+        }
     }
-    ncols = PyLong_AsInt(args[1]);
-    if (ncols == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
-        goto exit;
+    {
+        long ival = PyLong_AsLong(args[1]);
+        if (ival == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        else if (ival < SHRT_MIN) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
+                            "signed short integer is less than minimum");
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        else if (ival > SHRT_MAX) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
+                            "signed short integer is greater than maximum");
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        else {
+            ncols = (short) ival;
+        }
     }
     return_value = _curses_resizeterm_impl(module, nlines, ncols);
 
@@ -3744,25 +3774,55 @@ PyDoc_STRVAR(_curses_resize_term__doc__,
     {"resize_term", _PyCFunction_CAST(_curses_resize_term), METH_FASTCALL, _curses_resize_term__doc__},
 
 static PyObject *
-_curses_resize_term_impl(PyObject *module, int nlines, int ncols);
+_curses_resize_term_impl(PyObject *module, short nlines, short ncols);
 
 static PyObject *
 _curses_resize_term(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
 {
     PyObject *return_value = NULL;
-    int nlines;
-    int ncols;
+    short nlines;
+    short ncols;
 
     if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("resize_term", nargs, 2, 2)) {
         goto exit;
     }
-    nlines = PyLong_AsInt(args[0]);
-    if (nlines == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
-        goto exit;
+    {
+        long ival = PyLong_AsLong(args[0]);
+        if (ival == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        else if (ival < SHRT_MIN) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
+                            "signed short integer is less than minimum");
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        else if (ival > SHRT_MAX) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
+                            "signed short integer is greater than maximum");
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        else {
+            nlines = (short) ival;
+        }
     }
-    ncols = PyLong_AsInt(args[1]);
-    if (ncols == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
-        goto exit;
+    {
+        long ival = PyLong_AsLong(args[1]);
+        if (ival == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        else if (ival < SHRT_MIN) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
+                            "signed short integer is less than minimum");
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        else if (ival > SHRT_MAX) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
+                            "signed short integer is greater than maximum");
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        else {
+            ncols = (short) ival;
+        }
     }
     return_value = _curses_resize_term_impl(module, nlines, ncols);
 
@@ -4318,4 +4378,4 @@ _curses_has_extended_color_support(PyObject *module, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored
 #ifndef _CURSES_USE_DEFAULT_COLORS_METHODDEF
     #define _CURSES_USE_DEFAULT_COLORS_METHODDEF
 #endif /* !defined(_CURSES_USE_DEFAULT_COLORS_METHODDEF) */
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=96887782374f070a input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=cd1273354b08948f input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff --git a/Modules/clinic/_hashopenssl.c.h b/Modules/clinic/_hashopenssl.c.h
index 58650dff288444..1d85ab1c524082 100644
--- a/Modules/clinic/_hashopenssl.c.h
+++ b/Modules/clinic/_hashopenssl.c.h
@@ -1347,7 +1347,7 @@ _hashlib_scrypt(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObj
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(password), &_Py_ID(salt), &_Py_ID(n), &_Py_ID(r), &_Py_ID(p), &_Py_ID(maxmem), &_Py_ID(dklen), },
+        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(password), &_Py_ID(salt), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('n'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('r'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('p'), &_Py_ID(maxmem), &_Py_ID(dklen), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -1824,4 +1824,4 @@ _hashlib_compare_digest(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t narg
 #ifndef _HASHLIB_SCRYPT_METHODDEF
     #define _HASHLIB_SCRYPT_METHODDEF
 #endif /* !defined(_HASHLIB_SCRYPT_METHODDEF) */
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=b7eddeb3d6ccdeec input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=fef43fd9f4dbea49 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff --git a/Modules/clinic/_opcode.c.h b/Modules/clinic/_opcode.c.h
index fb90fb8e32f918..32ac9521a2b5cf 100644
--- a/Modules/clinic/_opcode.c.h
+++ b/Modules/clinic/_opcode.c.h
@@ -669,6 +669,24 @@ _opcode_get_intrinsic2_descs(PyObject *module, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
     return _opcode_get_intrinsic2_descs_impl(module);
 }
 
+PyDoc_STRVAR(_opcode_get_special_method_names__doc__,
+"get_special_method_names($module, /)\n"
+"--\n"
+"\n"
+"Return a list of special method names.");
+
+#define _OPCODE_GET_SPECIAL_METHOD_NAMES_METHODDEF    \
+    {"get_special_method_names", (PyCFunction)_opcode_get_special_method_names, METH_NOARGS, _opcode_get_special_method_names__doc__},
+
+static PyObject *
+_opcode_get_special_method_names_impl(PyObject *module);
+
+static PyObject *
+_opcode_get_special_method_names(PyObject *module, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
+{
+    return _opcode_get_special_method_names_impl(module);
+}
+
 PyDoc_STRVAR(_opcode_get_executor__doc__,
 "get_executor($module, /, code, offset)\n"
 "--\n"
@@ -728,4 +746,4 @@ _opcode_get_executor(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs,
 exit:
     return return_value;
 }
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=2dbb31b041b49c8f input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=3b4d4f32eedd636e input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff --git a/Modules/clinic/_operator.c.h b/Modules/clinic/_operator.c.h
index 08615d690922a1..48a8ea8c3379ab 100644
--- a/Modules/clinic/_operator.c.h
+++ b/Modules/clinic/_operator.c.h
@@ -1393,6 +1393,24 @@ _operator_is_not(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     return return_value;
 }
 
+PyDoc_STRVAR(_operator_is_none__doc__,
+"is_none($module, a, /)\n"
+"--\n"
+"\n"
+"Same as a is None.");
+
+#define _OPERATOR_IS_NONE_METHODDEF    \
+    {"is_none", (PyCFunction)_operator_is_none, METH_O, _operator_is_none__doc__},
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR(_operator_is_not_none__doc__,
+"is_not_none($module, a, /)\n"
+"--\n"
+"\n"
+"Same as a is not None.");
+
+#define _OPERATOR_IS_NOT_NONE_METHODDEF    \
+    {"is_not_none", (PyCFunction)_operator_is_not_none, METH_O, _operator_is_not_none__doc__},
+
 PyDoc_STRVAR(_operator_length_hint__doc__,
 "length_hint($module, obj, default=0, /)\n"
 "--\n"
@@ -1489,4 +1507,4 @@ _operator__compare_digest(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t na
 exit:
     return return_value;
 }
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=ddbba2cd943571eb input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=972e2543c4fcf1ba input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff --git a/Modules/clinic/_pickle.c.h b/Modules/clinic/_pickle.c.h
index 693c7d59e9d7a6..40f1309b6aa03c 100644
--- a/Modules/clinic/_pickle.c.h
+++ b/Modules/clinic/_pickle.c.h
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ PyDoc_STRVAR(_pickle_Pickler___init____doc__,
 "\n"
 "The optional *protocol* argument tells the pickler to use the given\n"
 "protocol; supported protocols are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5.  The default\n"
-"protocol is 4. It was introduced in Python 3.4, and is incompatible\n"
+"protocol is 5. It was introduced in Python 3.8, and is incompatible\n"
 "with previous versions.\n"
 "\n"
 "Specifying a negative protocol version selects the highest protocol\n"
@@ -614,7 +614,7 @@ PyDoc_STRVAR(_pickle_dump__doc__,
 "\n"
 "The optional *protocol* argument tells the pickler to use the given\n"
 "protocol; supported protocols are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5.  The default\n"
-"protocol is 4. It was introduced in Python 3.4, and is incompatible\n"
+"protocol is 5. It was introduced in Python 3.8, and is incompatible\n"
 "with previous versions.\n"
 "\n"
 "Specifying a negative protocol version selects the highest protocol\n"
@@ -724,7 +724,7 @@ PyDoc_STRVAR(_pickle_dumps__doc__,
 "\n"
 "The optional *protocol* argument tells the pickler to use the given\n"
 "protocol; supported protocols are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5.  The default\n"
-"protocol is 4. It was introduced in Python 3.4, and is incompatible\n"
+"protocol is 5. It was introduced in Python 3.8, and is incompatible\n"
 "with previous versions.\n"
 "\n"
 "Specifying a negative protocol version selects the highest protocol\n"
@@ -1077,4 +1077,4 @@ _pickle_loads(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObjec
 exit:
     return return_value;
 }
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=c7dd60d20ee4895f input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=a9452cf1219f2e7a input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff --git a/Modules/clinic/_posixsubprocess.c.h b/Modules/clinic/_posixsubprocess.c.h
index dd7644de6b7534..d52629cf6eaa5b 100644
--- a/Modules/clinic/_posixsubprocess.c.h
+++ b/Modules/clinic/_posixsubprocess.c.h
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ PyDoc_STRVAR(subprocess_fork_exec__doc__,
 "          env, p2cread, p2cwrite, c2pread, c2pwrite, errread, errwrite,\n"
 "          errpipe_read, errpipe_write, restore_signals, call_setsid,\n"
 "          pgid_to_set, gid, extra_groups, uid, child_umask, preexec_fn,\n"
-"          allow_vfork, /)\n"
+"          /)\n"
 "--\n"
 "\n"
 "Spawn a fresh new child process.\n"
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ subprocess_fork_exec_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *process_args,
                           pid_t pgid_to_set, PyObject *gid_object,
                           PyObject *extra_groups_packed,
                           PyObject *uid_object, int child_umask,
-                          PyObject *preexec_fn, int allow_vfork);
+                          PyObject *preexec_fn);
 
 static PyObject *
 subprocess_fork_exec(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
@@ -76,9 +76,8 @@ subprocess_fork_exec(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     PyObject *uid_object;
     int child_umask;
     PyObject *preexec_fn;
-    int allow_vfork;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("fork_exec", nargs, 23, 23)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("fork_exec", nargs, 22, 22)) {
         goto exit;
     }
     process_args = args[0];
@@ -146,13 +145,9 @@ subprocess_fork_exec(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
         goto exit;
     }
     preexec_fn = args[21];
-    allow_vfork = PyObject_IsTrue(args[22]);
-    if (allow_vfork < 0) {
-        goto exit;
-    }
-    return_value = subprocess_fork_exec_impl(module, process_args, executable_list, close_fds, py_fds_to_keep, cwd_obj, env_list, p2cread, p2cwrite, c2pread, c2pwrite, errread, errwrite, errpipe_read, errpipe_write, restore_signals, call_setsid, pgid_to_set, gid_object, extra_groups_packed, uid_object, child_umask, preexec_fn, allow_vfork);
+    return_value = subprocess_fork_exec_impl(module, process_args, executable_list, close_fds, py_fds_to_keep, cwd_obj, env_list, p2cread, p2cwrite, c2pread, c2pwrite, errread, errwrite, errpipe_read, errpipe_write, restore_signals, call_setsid, pgid_to_set, gid_object, extra_groups_packed, uid_object, child_umask, preexec_fn);
 
 exit:
     return return_value;
 }
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=48555f5965a871be input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=942bc2748a9c2785 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff --git a/Modules/clinic/_ssl.c.h b/Modules/clinic/_ssl.c.h
index e8d1342ed35e66..9d5b70dfad553d 100644
--- a/Modules/clinic/_ssl.c.h
+++ b/Modules/clinic/_ssl.c.h
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ preserve
 #  include "pycore_gc.h"          // PyGC_Head
 #  include "pycore_runtime.h"     // _Py_ID()
 #endif
+#include "pycore_critical_section.h"// Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION()
 #include "pycore_modsupport.h"    // _PyArg_CheckPositional()
 
 PyDoc_STRVAR(_ssl__SSLSocket_do_handshake__doc__,
@@ -22,7 +23,13 @@ _ssl__SSLSocket_do_handshake_impl(PySSLSocket *self);
 static PyObject *
 _ssl__SSLSocket_do_handshake(PySSLSocket *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
-    return _ssl__SSLSocket_do_handshake_impl(self);
+    PyObject *return_value = NULL;
+
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
+    return_value = _ssl__SSLSocket_do_handshake_impl(self);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+
+    return return_value;
 }
 
 PyDoc_STRVAR(_ssl__test_decode_cert__doc__,
@@ -88,7 +95,9 @@ _ssl__SSLSocket_getpeercert(PySSLSocket *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t
         goto exit;
     }
 skip_optional:
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
     return_value = _ssl__SSLSocket_getpeercert_impl(self, binary_mode);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
 
 exit:
     return return_value;
@@ -108,7 +117,13 @@ _ssl__SSLSocket_get_verified_chain_impl(PySSLSocket *self);
 static PyObject *
 _ssl__SSLSocket_get_verified_chain(PySSLSocket *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
-    return _ssl__SSLSocket_get_verified_chain_impl(self);
+    PyObject *return_value = NULL;
+
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
+    return_value = _ssl__SSLSocket_get_verified_chain_impl(self);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+
+    return return_value;
 }
 
 PyDoc_STRVAR(_ssl__SSLSocket_get_unverified_chain__doc__,
@@ -125,7 +140,13 @@ _ssl__SSLSocket_get_unverified_chain_impl(PySSLSocket *self);
 static PyObject *
 _ssl__SSLSocket_get_unverified_chain(PySSLSocket *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
-    return _ssl__SSLSocket_get_unverified_chain_impl(self);
+    PyObject *return_value = NULL;
+
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
+    return_value = _ssl__SSLSocket_get_unverified_chain_impl(self);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+
+    return return_value;
 }
 
 PyDoc_STRVAR(_ssl__SSLSocket_shared_ciphers__doc__,
@@ -142,7 +163,13 @@ _ssl__SSLSocket_shared_ciphers_impl(PySSLSocket *self);
 static PyObject *
 _ssl__SSLSocket_shared_ciphers(PySSLSocket *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
-    return _ssl__SSLSocket_shared_ciphers_impl(self);
+    PyObject *return_value = NULL;
+
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
+    return_value = _ssl__SSLSocket_shared_ciphers_impl(self);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+
+    return return_value;
 }
 
 PyDoc_STRVAR(_ssl__SSLSocket_cipher__doc__,
@@ -159,7 +186,13 @@ _ssl__SSLSocket_cipher_impl(PySSLSocket *self);
 static PyObject *
 _ssl__SSLSocket_cipher(PySSLSocket *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
-    return _ssl__SSLSocket_cipher_impl(self);
+    PyObject *return_value = NULL;
+
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
+    return_value = _ssl__SSLSocket_cipher_impl(self);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+
+    return return_value;
 }
 
 PyDoc_STRVAR(_ssl__SSLSocket_version__doc__,
@@ -176,7 +209,13 @@ _ssl__SSLSocket_version_impl(PySSLSocket *self);
 static PyObject *
 _ssl__SSLSocket_version(PySSLSocket *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
-    return _ssl__SSLSocket_version_impl(self);
+    PyObject *return_value = NULL;
+
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
+    return_value = _ssl__SSLSocket_version_impl(self);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+
+    return return_value;
 }
 
 PyDoc_STRVAR(_ssl__SSLSocket_selected_alpn_protocol__doc__,
@@ -193,7 +232,13 @@ _ssl__SSLSocket_selected_alpn_protocol_impl(PySSLSocket *self);
 static PyObject *
 _ssl__SSLSocket_selected_alpn_protocol(PySSLSocket *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
-    return _ssl__SSLSocket_selected_alpn_protocol_impl(self);
+    PyObject *return_value = NULL;
+
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
+    return_value = _ssl__SSLSocket_selected_alpn_protocol_impl(self);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+
+    return return_value;
 }
 
 PyDoc_STRVAR(_ssl__SSLSocket_compression__doc__,
@@ -213,6 +258,176 @@ _ssl__SSLSocket_compression(PySSLSocket *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
     return _ssl__SSLSocket_compression_impl(self);
 }
 
+#if defined(_ssl__SSLSocket_context_HAS_DOCSTR)
+#  define _ssl__SSLSocket_context_DOCSTR _ssl__SSLSocket_context__doc__
+#else
+#  define _ssl__SSLSocket_context_DOCSTR NULL
+#endif
+#if defined(_SSL__SSLSOCKET_CONTEXT_GETSETDEF)
+#  undef _SSL__SSLSOCKET_CONTEXT_GETSETDEF
+#  define _SSL__SSLSOCKET_CONTEXT_GETSETDEF {"context", (getter)_ssl__SSLSocket_context_get, (setter)_ssl__SSLSocket_context_set, _ssl__SSLSocket_context_DOCSTR},
+#else
+#  define _SSL__SSLSOCKET_CONTEXT_GETSETDEF {"context", (getter)_ssl__SSLSocket_context_get, NULL, _ssl__SSLSocket_context_DOCSTR},
+#endif
+
+static PyObject *
+_ssl__SSLSocket_context_get_impl(PySSLSocket *self);
+
+static PyObject *
+_ssl__SSLSocket_context_get(PySSLSocket *self, void *Py_UNUSED(context))
+{
+    PyObject *return_value = NULL;
+
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
+    return_value = _ssl__SSLSocket_context_get_impl(self);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+
+    return return_value;
+}
+
+#if defined(_SSL__SSLSOCKET_CONTEXT_HAS_DOCSTR)
+#  define _ssl__SSLSocket_context_DOCSTR _ssl__SSLSocket_context__doc__
+#else
+#  define _ssl__SSLSocket_context_DOCSTR NULL
+#endif
+#if defined(_SSL__SSLSOCKET_CONTEXT_GETSETDEF)
+#  undef _SSL__SSLSOCKET_CONTEXT_GETSETDEF
+#  define _SSL__SSLSOCKET_CONTEXT_GETSETDEF {"context", (getter)_ssl__SSLSocket_context_get, (setter)_ssl__SSLSocket_context_set, _ssl__SSLSocket_context_DOCSTR},
+#else
+#  define _SSL__SSLSOCKET_CONTEXT_GETSETDEF {"context", NULL, (setter)_ssl__SSLSocket_context_set, NULL},
+#endif
+
+static int
+_ssl__SSLSocket_context_set_impl(PySSLSocket *self, PyObject *value);
+
+static int
+_ssl__SSLSocket_context_set(PySSLSocket *self, PyObject *value, void *Py_UNUSED(context))
+{
+    int return_value;
+
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
+    return_value = _ssl__SSLSocket_context_set_impl(self, value);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+
+    return return_value;
+}
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR(_ssl__SSLSocket_server_side__doc__,
+"Whether this is a server-side socket.");
+#define _ssl__SSLSocket_server_side_HAS_DOCSTR
+
+#if defined(_ssl__SSLSocket_server_side_HAS_DOCSTR)
+#  define _ssl__SSLSocket_server_side_DOCSTR _ssl__SSLSocket_server_side__doc__
+#else
+#  define _ssl__SSLSocket_server_side_DOCSTR NULL
+#endif
+#if defined(_SSL__SSLSOCKET_SERVER_SIDE_GETSETDEF)
+#  undef _SSL__SSLSOCKET_SERVER_SIDE_GETSETDEF
+#  define _SSL__SSLSOCKET_SERVER_SIDE_GETSETDEF {"server_side", (getter)_ssl__SSLSocket_server_side_get, (setter)_ssl__SSLSocket_server_side_set, _ssl__SSLSocket_server_side_DOCSTR},
+#else
+#  define _SSL__SSLSOCKET_SERVER_SIDE_GETSETDEF {"server_side", (getter)_ssl__SSLSocket_server_side_get, NULL, _ssl__SSLSocket_server_side_DOCSTR},
+#endif
+
+static PyObject *
+_ssl__SSLSocket_server_side_get_impl(PySSLSocket *self);
+
+static PyObject *
+_ssl__SSLSocket_server_side_get(PySSLSocket *self, void *Py_UNUSED(context))
+{
+    PyObject *return_value = NULL;
+
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
+    return_value = _ssl__SSLSocket_server_side_get_impl(self);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+
+    return return_value;
+}
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR(_ssl__SSLSocket_server_hostname__doc__,
+"The currently set server hostname (for SNI).");
+#define _ssl__SSLSocket_server_hostname_HAS_DOCSTR
+
+#if defined(_ssl__SSLSocket_server_hostname_HAS_DOCSTR)
+#  define _ssl__SSLSocket_server_hostname_DOCSTR _ssl__SSLSocket_server_hostname__doc__
+#else
+#  define _ssl__SSLSocket_server_hostname_DOCSTR NULL
+#endif
+#if defined(_SSL__SSLSOCKET_SERVER_HOSTNAME_GETSETDEF)
+#  undef _SSL__SSLSOCKET_SERVER_HOSTNAME_GETSETDEF
+#  define _SSL__SSLSOCKET_SERVER_HOSTNAME_GETSETDEF {"server_hostname", (getter)_ssl__SSLSocket_server_hostname_get, (setter)_ssl__SSLSocket_server_hostname_set, _ssl__SSLSocket_server_hostname_DOCSTR},
+#else
+#  define _SSL__SSLSOCKET_SERVER_HOSTNAME_GETSETDEF {"server_hostname", (getter)_ssl__SSLSocket_server_hostname_get, NULL, _ssl__SSLSocket_server_hostname_DOCSTR},
+#endif
+
+static PyObject *
+_ssl__SSLSocket_server_hostname_get_impl(PySSLSocket *self);
+
+static PyObject *
+_ssl__SSLSocket_server_hostname_get(PySSLSocket *self, void *Py_UNUSED(context))
+{
+    PyObject *return_value = NULL;
+
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
+    return_value = _ssl__SSLSocket_server_hostname_get_impl(self);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+
+    return return_value;
+}
+
+#if defined(_ssl__SSLSocket_owner_HAS_DOCSTR)
+#  define _ssl__SSLSocket_owner_DOCSTR _ssl__SSLSocket_owner__doc__
+#else
+#  define _ssl__SSLSocket_owner_DOCSTR NULL
+#endif
+#if defined(_SSL__SSLSOCKET_OWNER_GETSETDEF)
+#  undef _SSL__SSLSOCKET_OWNER_GETSETDEF
+#  define _SSL__SSLSOCKET_OWNER_GETSETDEF {"owner", (getter)_ssl__SSLSocket_owner_get, (setter)_ssl__SSLSocket_owner_set, _ssl__SSLSocket_owner_DOCSTR},
+#else
+#  define _SSL__SSLSOCKET_OWNER_GETSETDEF {"owner", (getter)_ssl__SSLSocket_owner_get, NULL, _ssl__SSLSocket_owner_DOCSTR},
+#endif
+
+static PyObject *
+_ssl__SSLSocket_owner_get_impl(PySSLSocket *self);
+
+static PyObject *
+_ssl__SSLSocket_owner_get(PySSLSocket *self, void *Py_UNUSED(context))
+{
+    PyObject *return_value = NULL;
+
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
+    return_value = _ssl__SSLSocket_owner_get_impl(self);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+
+    return return_value;
+}
+
+#if defined(_SSL__SSLSOCKET_OWNER_HAS_DOCSTR)
+#  define _ssl__SSLSocket_owner_DOCSTR _ssl__SSLSocket_owner__doc__
+#else
+#  define _ssl__SSLSocket_owner_DOCSTR NULL
+#endif
+#if defined(_SSL__SSLSOCKET_OWNER_GETSETDEF)
+#  undef _SSL__SSLSOCKET_OWNER_GETSETDEF
+#  define _SSL__SSLSOCKET_OWNER_GETSETDEF {"owner", (getter)_ssl__SSLSocket_owner_get, (setter)_ssl__SSLSocket_owner_set, _ssl__SSLSocket_owner_DOCSTR},
+#else
+#  define _SSL__SSLSOCKET_OWNER_GETSETDEF {"owner", NULL, (setter)_ssl__SSLSocket_owner_set, NULL},
+#endif
+
+static int
+_ssl__SSLSocket_owner_set_impl(PySSLSocket *self, PyObject *value);
+
+static int
+_ssl__SSLSocket_owner_set(PySSLSocket *self, PyObject *value, void *Py_UNUSED(context))
+{
+    int return_value;
+
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
+    return_value = _ssl__SSLSocket_owner_set_impl(self, value);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+
+    return return_value;
+}
+
 PyDoc_STRVAR(_ssl__SSLSocket_write__doc__,
 "write($self, b, /)\n"
 "--\n"
@@ -236,7 +451,9 @@ _ssl__SSLSocket_write(PySSLSocket *self, PyObject *arg)
     if (PyObject_GetBuffer(arg, &b, PyBUF_SIMPLE) != 0) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
     return_value = _ssl__SSLSocket_write_impl(self, &b);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
 
 exit:
     /* Cleanup for b */
@@ -262,7 +479,13 @@ _ssl__SSLSocket_pending_impl(PySSLSocket *self);
 static PyObject *
 _ssl__SSLSocket_pending(PySSLSocket *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
-    return _ssl__SSLSocket_pending_impl(self);
+    PyObject *return_value = NULL;
+
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
+    return_value = _ssl__SSLSocket_pending_impl(self);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+
+    return return_value;
 }
 
 PyDoc_STRVAR(_ssl__SSLSocket_read__doc__,
@@ -300,7 +523,9 @@ _ssl__SSLSocket_read(PySSLSocket *self, PyObject *args)
             PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "_ssl._SSLSocket.read requires 1 to 2 arguments");
             goto exit;
     }
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
     return_value = _ssl__SSLSocket_read_impl(self, len, group_right_1, &buffer);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
 
 exit:
     /* Cleanup for buffer */
@@ -326,7 +551,13 @@ _ssl__SSLSocket_shutdown_impl(PySSLSocket *self);
 static PyObject *
 _ssl__SSLSocket_shutdown(PySSLSocket *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
-    return _ssl__SSLSocket_shutdown_impl(self);
+    PyObject *return_value = NULL;
+
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
+    return_value = _ssl__SSLSocket_shutdown_impl(self);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+
+    return return_value;
 }
 
 PyDoc_STRVAR(_ssl__SSLSocket_get_channel_binding__doc__,
@@ -400,7 +631,9 @@ _ssl__SSLSocket_get_channel_binding(PySSLSocket *self, PyObject *const *args, Py
         goto exit;
     }
 skip_optional_pos:
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
     return_value = _ssl__SSLSocket_get_channel_binding_impl(self, cb_type);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
 
 exit:
     return return_value;
@@ -421,117 +654,708 @@ _ssl__SSLSocket_verify_client_post_handshake_impl(PySSLSocket *self);
 static PyObject *
 _ssl__SSLSocket_verify_client_post_handshake(PySSLSocket *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
-    return _ssl__SSLSocket_verify_client_post_handshake_impl(self);
+    PyObject *return_value = NULL;
+
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
+    return_value = _ssl__SSLSocket_verify_client_post_handshake_impl(self);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+
+    return return_value;
+}
+
+#if defined(_ssl__SSLSocket_session_HAS_DOCSTR)
+#  define _ssl__SSLSocket_session_DOCSTR _ssl__SSLSocket_session__doc__
+#else
+#  define _ssl__SSLSocket_session_DOCSTR NULL
+#endif
+#if defined(_SSL__SSLSOCKET_SESSION_GETSETDEF)
+#  undef _SSL__SSLSOCKET_SESSION_GETSETDEF
+#  define _SSL__SSLSOCKET_SESSION_GETSETDEF {"session", (getter)_ssl__SSLSocket_session_get, (setter)_ssl__SSLSocket_session_set, _ssl__SSLSocket_session_DOCSTR},
+#else
+#  define _SSL__SSLSOCKET_SESSION_GETSETDEF {"session", (getter)_ssl__SSLSocket_session_get, NULL, _ssl__SSLSocket_session_DOCSTR},
+#endif
+
+static PyObject *
+_ssl__SSLSocket_session_get_impl(PySSLSocket *self);
+
+static PyObject *
+_ssl__SSLSocket_session_get(PySSLSocket *self, void *Py_UNUSED(context))
+{
+    PyObject *return_value = NULL;
+
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
+    return_value = _ssl__SSLSocket_session_get_impl(self);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+
+    return return_value;
+}
+
+#if defined(_SSL__SSLSOCKET_SESSION_HAS_DOCSTR)
+#  define _ssl__SSLSocket_session_DOCSTR _ssl__SSLSocket_session__doc__
+#else
+#  define _ssl__SSLSocket_session_DOCSTR NULL
+#endif
+#if defined(_SSL__SSLSOCKET_SESSION_GETSETDEF)
+#  undef _SSL__SSLSOCKET_SESSION_GETSETDEF
+#  define _SSL__SSLSOCKET_SESSION_GETSETDEF {"session", (getter)_ssl__SSLSocket_session_get, (setter)_ssl__SSLSocket_session_set, _ssl__SSLSocket_session_DOCSTR},
+#else
+#  define _SSL__SSLSOCKET_SESSION_GETSETDEF {"session", NULL, (setter)_ssl__SSLSocket_session_set, NULL},
+#endif
+
+static int
+_ssl__SSLSocket_session_set_impl(PySSLSocket *self, PyObject *value);
+
+static int
+_ssl__SSLSocket_session_set(PySSLSocket *self, PyObject *value, void *Py_UNUSED(context))
+{
+    int return_value;
+
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
+    return_value = _ssl__SSLSocket_session_set_impl(self, value);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+
+    return return_value;
+}
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR(_ssl__SSLSocket_session_reused__doc__,
+"Was the client session reused during handshake?");
+#define _ssl__SSLSocket_session_reused_HAS_DOCSTR
+
+#if defined(_ssl__SSLSocket_session_reused_HAS_DOCSTR)
+#  define _ssl__SSLSocket_session_reused_DOCSTR _ssl__SSLSocket_session_reused__doc__
+#else
+#  define _ssl__SSLSocket_session_reused_DOCSTR NULL
+#endif
+#if defined(_SSL__SSLSOCKET_SESSION_REUSED_GETSETDEF)
+#  undef _SSL__SSLSOCKET_SESSION_REUSED_GETSETDEF
+#  define _SSL__SSLSOCKET_SESSION_REUSED_GETSETDEF {"session_reused", (getter)_ssl__SSLSocket_session_reused_get, (setter)_ssl__SSLSocket_session_reused_set, _ssl__SSLSocket_session_reused_DOCSTR},
+#else
+#  define _SSL__SSLSOCKET_SESSION_REUSED_GETSETDEF {"session_reused", (getter)_ssl__SSLSocket_session_reused_get, NULL, _ssl__SSLSocket_session_reused_DOCSTR},
+#endif
+
+static PyObject *
+_ssl__SSLSocket_session_reused_get_impl(PySSLSocket *self);
+
+static PyObject *
+_ssl__SSLSocket_session_reused_get(PySSLSocket *self, void *Py_UNUSED(context))
+{
+    PyObject *return_value = NULL;
+
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
+    return_value = _ssl__SSLSocket_session_reused_get_impl(self);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+
+    return return_value;
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+_ssl__SSLContext_impl(PyTypeObject *type, int proto_version);
+
+static PyObject *
+_ssl__SSLContext(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
+{
+    PyObject *return_value = NULL;
+    PyTypeObject *base_tp = get_state_type(type)->PySSLContext_Type;
+    int proto_version;
+
+    if ((type == base_tp || type->tp_init == base_tp->tp_init) &&
+        !_PyArg_NoKeywords("_SSLContext", kwargs)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("_SSLContext", PyTuple_GET_SIZE(args), 1, 1)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    proto_version = PyLong_AsInt(PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args, 0));
+    if (proto_version == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(type);
+    return_value = _ssl__SSLContext_impl(type, proto_version);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+
+exit:
+    return return_value;
+}
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR(_ssl__SSLContext_set_ciphers__doc__,
+"set_ciphers($self, cipherlist, /)\n"
+"--\n"
+"\n");
+
+#define _SSL__SSLCONTEXT_SET_CIPHERS_METHODDEF    \
+    {"set_ciphers", (PyCFunction)_ssl__SSLContext_set_ciphers, METH_O, _ssl__SSLContext_set_ciphers__doc__},
+
+static PyObject *
+_ssl__SSLContext_set_ciphers_impl(PySSLContext *self, const char *cipherlist);
+
+static PyObject *
+_ssl__SSLContext_set_ciphers(PySSLContext *self, PyObject *arg)
+{
+    PyObject *return_value = NULL;
+    const char *cipherlist;
+
+    if (!PyUnicode_Check(arg)) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("set_ciphers", "argument", "str", arg);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    Py_ssize_t cipherlist_length;
+    cipherlist = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(arg, &cipherlist_length);
+    if (cipherlist == NULL) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (strlen(cipherlist) != (size_t)cipherlist_length) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "embedded null character");
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
+    return_value = _ssl__SSLContext_set_ciphers_impl(self, cipherlist);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+
+exit:
+    return return_value;
+}
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR(_ssl__SSLContext_get_ciphers__doc__,
+"get_ciphers($self, /)\n"
+"--\n"
+"\n");
+
+#define _SSL__SSLCONTEXT_GET_CIPHERS_METHODDEF    \
+    {"get_ciphers", (PyCFunction)_ssl__SSLContext_get_ciphers, METH_NOARGS, _ssl__SSLContext_get_ciphers__doc__},
+
+static PyObject *
+_ssl__SSLContext_get_ciphers_impl(PySSLContext *self);
+
+static PyObject *
+_ssl__SSLContext_get_ciphers(PySSLContext *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
+{
+    PyObject *return_value = NULL;
+
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
+    return_value = _ssl__SSLContext_get_ciphers_impl(self);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+
+    return return_value;
+}
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR(_ssl__SSLContext__set_alpn_protocols__doc__,
+"_set_alpn_protocols($self, protos, /)\n"
+"--\n"
+"\n");
+
+#define _SSL__SSLCONTEXT__SET_ALPN_PROTOCOLS_METHODDEF    \
+    {"_set_alpn_protocols", (PyCFunction)_ssl__SSLContext__set_alpn_protocols, METH_O, _ssl__SSLContext__set_alpn_protocols__doc__},
+
+static PyObject *
+_ssl__SSLContext__set_alpn_protocols_impl(PySSLContext *self,
+                                          Py_buffer *protos);
+
+static PyObject *
+_ssl__SSLContext__set_alpn_protocols(PySSLContext *self, PyObject *arg)
+{
+    PyObject *return_value = NULL;
+    Py_buffer protos = {NULL, NULL};
+
+    if (PyObject_GetBuffer(arg, &protos, PyBUF_SIMPLE) != 0) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
+    return_value = _ssl__SSLContext__set_alpn_protocols_impl(self, &protos);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+
+exit:
+    /* Cleanup for protos */
+    if (protos.obj) {
+       PyBuffer_Release(&protos);
+    }
+
+    return return_value;
+}
+
+#if defined(_ssl__SSLContext_verify_mode_HAS_DOCSTR)
+#  define _ssl__SSLContext_verify_mode_DOCSTR _ssl__SSLContext_verify_mode__doc__
+#else
+#  define _ssl__SSLContext_verify_mode_DOCSTR NULL
+#endif
+#if defined(_SSL__SSLCONTEXT_VERIFY_MODE_GETSETDEF)
+#  undef _SSL__SSLCONTEXT_VERIFY_MODE_GETSETDEF
+#  define _SSL__SSLCONTEXT_VERIFY_MODE_GETSETDEF {"verify_mode", (getter)_ssl__SSLContext_verify_mode_get, (setter)_ssl__SSLContext_verify_mode_set, _ssl__SSLContext_verify_mode_DOCSTR},
+#else
+#  define _SSL__SSLCONTEXT_VERIFY_MODE_GETSETDEF {"verify_mode", (getter)_ssl__SSLContext_verify_mode_get, NULL, _ssl__SSLContext_verify_mode_DOCSTR},
+#endif
+
+static PyObject *
+_ssl__SSLContext_verify_mode_get_impl(PySSLContext *self);
+
+static PyObject *
+_ssl__SSLContext_verify_mode_get(PySSLContext *self, void *Py_UNUSED(context))
+{
+    PyObject *return_value = NULL;
+
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
+    return_value = _ssl__SSLContext_verify_mode_get_impl(self);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+
+    return return_value;
+}
+
+#if defined(_SSL__SSLCONTEXT_VERIFY_MODE_HAS_DOCSTR)
+#  define _ssl__SSLContext_verify_mode_DOCSTR _ssl__SSLContext_verify_mode__doc__
+#else
+#  define _ssl__SSLContext_verify_mode_DOCSTR NULL
+#endif
+#if defined(_SSL__SSLCONTEXT_VERIFY_MODE_GETSETDEF)
+#  undef _SSL__SSLCONTEXT_VERIFY_MODE_GETSETDEF
+#  define _SSL__SSLCONTEXT_VERIFY_MODE_GETSETDEF {"verify_mode", (getter)_ssl__SSLContext_verify_mode_get, (setter)_ssl__SSLContext_verify_mode_set, _ssl__SSLContext_verify_mode_DOCSTR},
+#else
+#  define _SSL__SSLCONTEXT_VERIFY_MODE_GETSETDEF {"verify_mode", NULL, (setter)_ssl__SSLContext_verify_mode_set, NULL},
+#endif
+
+static int
+_ssl__SSLContext_verify_mode_set_impl(PySSLContext *self, PyObject *value);
+
+static int
+_ssl__SSLContext_verify_mode_set(PySSLContext *self, PyObject *value, void *Py_UNUSED(context))
+{
+    int return_value;
+
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
+    return_value = _ssl__SSLContext_verify_mode_set_impl(self, value);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+
+    return return_value;
+}
+
+#if defined(_ssl__SSLContext_verify_flags_HAS_DOCSTR)
+#  define _ssl__SSLContext_verify_flags_DOCSTR _ssl__SSLContext_verify_flags__doc__
+#else
+#  define _ssl__SSLContext_verify_flags_DOCSTR NULL
+#endif
+#if defined(_SSL__SSLCONTEXT_VERIFY_FLAGS_GETSETDEF)
+#  undef _SSL__SSLCONTEXT_VERIFY_FLAGS_GETSETDEF
+#  define _SSL__SSLCONTEXT_VERIFY_FLAGS_GETSETDEF {"verify_flags", (getter)_ssl__SSLContext_verify_flags_get, (setter)_ssl__SSLContext_verify_flags_set, _ssl__SSLContext_verify_flags_DOCSTR},
+#else
+#  define _SSL__SSLCONTEXT_VERIFY_FLAGS_GETSETDEF {"verify_flags", (getter)_ssl__SSLContext_verify_flags_get, NULL, _ssl__SSLContext_verify_flags_DOCSTR},
+#endif
+
+static PyObject *
+_ssl__SSLContext_verify_flags_get_impl(PySSLContext *self);
+
+static PyObject *
+_ssl__SSLContext_verify_flags_get(PySSLContext *self, void *Py_UNUSED(context))
+{
+    PyObject *return_value = NULL;
+
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
+    return_value = _ssl__SSLContext_verify_flags_get_impl(self);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+
+    return return_value;
+}
+
+#if defined(_SSL__SSLCONTEXT_VERIFY_FLAGS_HAS_DOCSTR)
+#  define _ssl__SSLContext_verify_flags_DOCSTR _ssl__SSLContext_verify_flags__doc__
+#else
+#  define _ssl__SSLContext_verify_flags_DOCSTR NULL
+#endif
+#if defined(_SSL__SSLCONTEXT_VERIFY_FLAGS_GETSETDEF)
+#  undef _SSL__SSLCONTEXT_VERIFY_FLAGS_GETSETDEF
+#  define _SSL__SSLCONTEXT_VERIFY_FLAGS_GETSETDEF {"verify_flags", (getter)_ssl__SSLContext_verify_flags_get, (setter)_ssl__SSLContext_verify_flags_set, _ssl__SSLContext_verify_flags_DOCSTR},
+#else
+#  define _SSL__SSLCONTEXT_VERIFY_FLAGS_GETSETDEF {"verify_flags", NULL, (setter)_ssl__SSLContext_verify_flags_set, NULL},
+#endif
+
+static int
+_ssl__SSLContext_verify_flags_set_impl(PySSLContext *self, PyObject *value);
+
+static int
+_ssl__SSLContext_verify_flags_set(PySSLContext *self, PyObject *value, void *Py_UNUSED(context))
+{
+    int return_value;
+
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
+    return_value = _ssl__SSLContext_verify_flags_set_impl(self, value);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+
+    return return_value;
+}
+
+#if defined(_ssl__SSLContext_minimum_version_HAS_DOCSTR)
+#  define _ssl__SSLContext_minimum_version_DOCSTR _ssl__SSLContext_minimum_version__doc__
+#else
+#  define _ssl__SSLContext_minimum_version_DOCSTR NULL
+#endif
+#if defined(_SSL__SSLCONTEXT_MINIMUM_VERSION_GETSETDEF)
+#  undef _SSL__SSLCONTEXT_MINIMUM_VERSION_GETSETDEF
+#  define _SSL__SSLCONTEXT_MINIMUM_VERSION_GETSETDEF {"minimum_version", (getter)_ssl__SSLContext_minimum_version_get, (setter)_ssl__SSLContext_minimum_version_set, _ssl__SSLContext_minimum_version_DOCSTR},
+#else
+#  define _SSL__SSLCONTEXT_MINIMUM_VERSION_GETSETDEF {"minimum_version", (getter)_ssl__SSLContext_minimum_version_get, NULL, _ssl__SSLContext_minimum_version_DOCSTR},
+#endif
+
+static PyObject *
+_ssl__SSLContext_minimum_version_get_impl(PySSLContext *self);
+
+static PyObject *
+_ssl__SSLContext_minimum_version_get(PySSLContext *self, void *Py_UNUSED(context))
+{
+    PyObject *return_value = NULL;
+
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
+    return_value = _ssl__SSLContext_minimum_version_get_impl(self);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+
+    return return_value;
+}
+
+#if defined(_SSL__SSLCONTEXT_MINIMUM_VERSION_HAS_DOCSTR)
+#  define _ssl__SSLContext_minimum_version_DOCSTR _ssl__SSLContext_minimum_version__doc__
+#else
+#  define _ssl__SSLContext_minimum_version_DOCSTR NULL
+#endif
+#if defined(_SSL__SSLCONTEXT_MINIMUM_VERSION_GETSETDEF)
+#  undef _SSL__SSLCONTEXT_MINIMUM_VERSION_GETSETDEF
+#  define _SSL__SSLCONTEXT_MINIMUM_VERSION_GETSETDEF {"minimum_version", (getter)_ssl__SSLContext_minimum_version_get, (setter)_ssl__SSLContext_minimum_version_set, _ssl__SSLContext_minimum_version_DOCSTR},
+#else
+#  define _SSL__SSLCONTEXT_MINIMUM_VERSION_GETSETDEF {"minimum_version", NULL, (setter)_ssl__SSLContext_minimum_version_set, NULL},
+#endif
+
+static int
+_ssl__SSLContext_minimum_version_set_impl(PySSLContext *self,
+                                          PyObject *value);
+
+static int
+_ssl__SSLContext_minimum_version_set(PySSLContext *self, PyObject *value, void *Py_UNUSED(context))
+{
+    int return_value;
+
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
+    return_value = _ssl__SSLContext_minimum_version_set_impl(self, value);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+
+    return return_value;
+}
+
+#if defined(_ssl__SSLContext_maximum_version_HAS_DOCSTR)
+#  define _ssl__SSLContext_maximum_version_DOCSTR _ssl__SSLContext_maximum_version__doc__
+#else
+#  define _ssl__SSLContext_maximum_version_DOCSTR NULL
+#endif
+#if defined(_SSL__SSLCONTEXT_MAXIMUM_VERSION_GETSETDEF)
+#  undef _SSL__SSLCONTEXT_MAXIMUM_VERSION_GETSETDEF
+#  define _SSL__SSLCONTEXT_MAXIMUM_VERSION_GETSETDEF {"maximum_version", (getter)_ssl__SSLContext_maximum_version_get, (setter)_ssl__SSLContext_maximum_version_set, _ssl__SSLContext_maximum_version_DOCSTR},
+#else
+#  define _SSL__SSLCONTEXT_MAXIMUM_VERSION_GETSETDEF {"maximum_version", (getter)_ssl__SSLContext_maximum_version_get, NULL, _ssl__SSLContext_maximum_version_DOCSTR},
+#endif
+
+static PyObject *
+_ssl__SSLContext_maximum_version_get_impl(PySSLContext *self);
+
+static PyObject *
+_ssl__SSLContext_maximum_version_get(PySSLContext *self, void *Py_UNUSED(context))
+{
+    PyObject *return_value = NULL;
+
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
+    return_value = _ssl__SSLContext_maximum_version_get_impl(self);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+
+    return return_value;
+}
+
+#if defined(_SSL__SSLCONTEXT_MAXIMUM_VERSION_HAS_DOCSTR)
+#  define _ssl__SSLContext_maximum_version_DOCSTR _ssl__SSLContext_maximum_version__doc__
+#else
+#  define _ssl__SSLContext_maximum_version_DOCSTR NULL
+#endif
+#if defined(_SSL__SSLCONTEXT_MAXIMUM_VERSION_GETSETDEF)
+#  undef _SSL__SSLCONTEXT_MAXIMUM_VERSION_GETSETDEF
+#  define _SSL__SSLCONTEXT_MAXIMUM_VERSION_GETSETDEF {"maximum_version", (getter)_ssl__SSLContext_maximum_version_get, (setter)_ssl__SSLContext_maximum_version_set, _ssl__SSLContext_maximum_version_DOCSTR},
+#else
+#  define _SSL__SSLCONTEXT_MAXIMUM_VERSION_GETSETDEF {"maximum_version", NULL, (setter)_ssl__SSLContext_maximum_version_set, NULL},
+#endif
+
+static int
+_ssl__SSLContext_maximum_version_set_impl(PySSLContext *self,
+                                          PyObject *value);
+
+static int
+_ssl__SSLContext_maximum_version_set(PySSLContext *self, PyObject *value, void *Py_UNUSED(context))
+{
+    int return_value;
+
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
+    return_value = _ssl__SSLContext_maximum_version_set_impl(self, value);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+
+    return return_value;
+}
+
+#if defined(_ssl__SSLContext_num_tickets_HAS_DOCSTR)
+#  define _ssl__SSLContext_num_tickets_DOCSTR _ssl__SSLContext_num_tickets__doc__
+#else
+#  define _ssl__SSLContext_num_tickets_DOCSTR NULL
+#endif
+#if defined(_SSL__SSLCONTEXT_NUM_TICKETS_GETSETDEF)
+#  undef _SSL__SSLCONTEXT_NUM_TICKETS_GETSETDEF
+#  define _SSL__SSLCONTEXT_NUM_TICKETS_GETSETDEF {"num_tickets", (getter)_ssl__SSLContext_num_tickets_get, (setter)_ssl__SSLContext_num_tickets_set, _ssl__SSLContext_num_tickets_DOCSTR},
+#else
+#  define _SSL__SSLCONTEXT_NUM_TICKETS_GETSETDEF {"num_tickets", (getter)_ssl__SSLContext_num_tickets_get, NULL, _ssl__SSLContext_num_tickets_DOCSTR},
+#endif
+
+static PyObject *
+_ssl__SSLContext_num_tickets_get_impl(PySSLContext *self);
+
+static PyObject *
+_ssl__SSLContext_num_tickets_get(PySSLContext *self, void *Py_UNUSED(context))
+{
+    PyObject *return_value = NULL;
+
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
+    return_value = _ssl__SSLContext_num_tickets_get_impl(self);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+
+    return return_value;
+}
+
+#if defined(_SSL__SSLCONTEXT_NUM_TICKETS_HAS_DOCSTR)
+#  define _ssl__SSLContext_num_tickets_DOCSTR _ssl__SSLContext_num_tickets__doc__
+#else
+#  define _ssl__SSLContext_num_tickets_DOCSTR NULL
+#endif
+#if defined(_SSL__SSLCONTEXT_NUM_TICKETS_GETSETDEF)
+#  undef _SSL__SSLCONTEXT_NUM_TICKETS_GETSETDEF
+#  define _SSL__SSLCONTEXT_NUM_TICKETS_GETSETDEF {"num_tickets", (getter)_ssl__SSLContext_num_tickets_get, (setter)_ssl__SSLContext_num_tickets_set, _ssl__SSLContext_num_tickets_DOCSTR},
+#else
+#  define _SSL__SSLCONTEXT_NUM_TICKETS_GETSETDEF {"num_tickets", NULL, (setter)_ssl__SSLContext_num_tickets_set, NULL},
+#endif
+
+static int
+_ssl__SSLContext_num_tickets_set_impl(PySSLContext *self, PyObject *value);
+
+static int
+_ssl__SSLContext_num_tickets_set(PySSLContext *self, PyObject *value, void *Py_UNUSED(context))
+{
+    int return_value;
+
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
+    return_value = _ssl__SSLContext_num_tickets_set_impl(self, value);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+
+    return return_value;
+}
+
+#if defined(_ssl__SSLContext_security_level_HAS_DOCSTR)
+#  define _ssl__SSLContext_security_level_DOCSTR _ssl__SSLContext_security_level__doc__
+#else
+#  define _ssl__SSLContext_security_level_DOCSTR NULL
+#endif
+#if defined(_SSL__SSLCONTEXT_SECURITY_LEVEL_GETSETDEF)
+#  undef _SSL__SSLCONTEXT_SECURITY_LEVEL_GETSETDEF
+#  define _SSL__SSLCONTEXT_SECURITY_LEVEL_GETSETDEF {"security_level", (getter)_ssl__SSLContext_security_level_get, (setter)_ssl__SSLContext_security_level_set, _ssl__SSLContext_security_level_DOCSTR},
+#else
+#  define _SSL__SSLCONTEXT_SECURITY_LEVEL_GETSETDEF {"security_level", (getter)_ssl__SSLContext_security_level_get, NULL, _ssl__SSLContext_security_level_DOCSTR},
+#endif
+
+static PyObject *
+_ssl__SSLContext_security_level_get_impl(PySSLContext *self);
+
+static PyObject *
+_ssl__SSLContext_security_level_get(PySSLContext *self, void *Py_UNUSED(context))
+{
+    PyObject *return_value = NULL;
+
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
+    return_value = _ssl__SSLContext_security_level_get_impl(self);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+
+    return return_value;
+}
+
+#if defined(_ssl__SSLContext_options_HAS_DOCSTR)
+#  define _ssl__SSLContext_options_DOCSTR _ssl__SSLContext_options__doc__
+#else
+#  define _ssl__SSLContext_options_DOCSTR NULL
+#endif
+#if defined(_SSL__SSLCONTEXT_OPTIONS_GETSETDEF)
+#  undef _SSL__SSLCONTEXT_OPTIONS_GETSETDEF
+#  define _SSL__SSLCONTEXT_OPTIONS_GETSETDEF {"options", (getter)_ssl__SSLContext_options_get, (setter)_ssl__SSLContext_options_set, _ssl__SSLContext_options_DOCSTR},
+#else
+#  define _SSL__SSLCONTEXT_OPTIONS_GETSETDEF {"options", (getter)_ssl__SSLContext_options_get, NULL, _ssl__SSLContext_options_DOCSTR},
+#endif
+
+static PyObject *
+_ssl__SSLContext_options_get_impl(PySSLContext *self);
+
+static PyObject *
+_ssl__SSLContext_options_get(PySSLContext *self, void *Py_UNUSED(context))
+{
+    PyObject *return_value = NULL;
+
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
+    return_value = _ssl__SSLContext_options_get_impl(self);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+
+    return return_value;
+}
+
+#if defined(_SSL__SSLCONTEXT_OPTIONS_HAS_DOCSTR)
+#  define _ssl__SSLContext_options_DOCSTR _ssl__SSLContext_options__doc__
+#else
+#  define _ssl__SSLContext_options_DOCSTR NULL
+#endif
+#if defined(_SSL__SSLCONTEXT_OPTIONS_GETSETDEF)
+#  undef _SSL__SSLCONTEXT_OPTIONS_GETSETDEF
+#  define _SSL__SSLCONTEXT_OPTIONS_GETSETDEF {"options", (getter)_ssl__SSLContext_options_get, (setter)_ssl__SSLContext_options_set, _ssl__SSLContext_options_DOCSTR},
+#else
+#  define _SSL__SSLCONTEXT_OPTIONS_GETSETDEF {"options", NULL, (setter)_ssl__SSLContext_options_set, NULL},
+#endif
+
+static int
+_ssl__SSLContext_options_set_impl(PySSLContext *self, PyObject *value);
+
+static int
+_ssl__SSLContext_options_set(PySSLContext *self, PyObject *value, void *Py_UNUSED(context))
+{
+    int return_value;
+
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
+    return_value = _ssl__SSLContext_options_set_impl(self, value);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+
+    return return_value;
 }
 
+#if defined(_ssl__SSLContext__host_flags_HAS_DOCSTR)
+#  define _ssl__SSLContext__host_flags_DOCSTR _ssl__SSLContext__host_flags__doc__
+#else
+#  define _ssl__SSLContext__host_flags_DOCSTR NULL
+#endif
+#if defined(_SSL__SSLCONTEXT__HOST_FLAGS_GETSETDEF)
+#  undef _SSL__SSLCONTEXT__HOST_FLAGS_GETSETDEF
+#  define _SSL__SSLCONTEXT__HOST_FLAGS_GETSETDEF {"_host_flags", (getter)_ssl__SSLContext__host_flags_get, (setter)_ssl__SSLContext__host_flags_set, _ssl__SSLContext__host_flags_DOCSTR},
+#else
+#  define _SSL__SSLCONTEXT__HOST_FLAGS_GETSETDEF {"_host_flags", (getter)_ssl__SSLContext__host_flags_get, NULL, _ssl__SSLContext__host_flags_DOCSTR},
+#endif
+
 static PyObject *
-_ssl__SSLContext_impl(PyTypeObject *type, int proto_version);
+_ssl__SSLContext__host_flags_get_impl(PySSLContext *self);
 
 static PyObject *
-_ssl__SSLContext(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
+_ssl__SSLContext__host_flags_get(PySSLContext *self, void *Py_UNUSED(context))
 {
     PyObject *return_value = NULL;
-    PyTypeObject *base_tp = get_state_type(type)->PySSLContext_Type;
-    int proto_version;
 
-    if ((type == base_tp || type->tp_init == base_tp->tp_init) &&
-        !_PyArg_NoKeywords("_SSLContext", kwargs)) {
-        goto exit;
-    }
-    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("_SSLContext", PyTuple_GET_SIZE(args), 1, 1)) {
-        goto exit;
-    }
-    proto_version = PyLong_AsInt(PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args, 0));
-    if (proto_version == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
-        goto exit;
-    }
-    return_value = _ssl__SSLContext_impl(type, proto_version);
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
+    return_value = _ssl__SSLContext__host_flags_get_impl(self);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
 
-exit:
     return return_value;
 }
 
-PyDoc_STRVAR(_ssl__SSLContext_set_ciphers__doc__,
-"set_ciphers($self, cipherlist, /)\n"
-"--\n"
-"\n");
+#if defined(_SSL__SSLCONTEXT__HOST_FLAGS_HAS_DOCSTR)
+#  define _ssl__SSLContext__host_flags_DOCSTR _ssl__SSLContext__host_flags__doc__
+#else
+#  define _ssl__SSLContext__host_flags_DOCSTR NULL
+#endif
+#if defined(_SSL__SSLCONTEXT__HOST_FLAGS_GETSETDEF)
+#  undef _SSL__SSLCONTEXT__HOST_FLAGS_GETSETDEF
+#  define _SSL__SSLCONTEXT__HOST_FLAGS_GETSETDEF {"_host_flags", (getter)_ssl__SSLContext__host_flags_get, (setter)_ssl__SSLContext__host_flags_set, _ssl__SSLContext__host_flags_DOCSTR},
+#else
+#  define _SSL__SSLCONTEXT__HOST_FLAGS_GETSETDEF {"_host_flags", NULL, (setter)_ssl__SSLContext__host_flags_set, NULL},
+#endif
 
-#define _SSL__SSLCONTEXT_SET_CIPHERS_METHODDEF    \
-    {"set_ciphers", (PyCFunction)_ssl__SSLContext_set_ciphers, METH_O, _ssl__SSLContext_set_ciphers__doc__},
+static int
+_ssl__SSLContext__host_flags_set_impl(PySSLContext *self, PyObject *value);
+
+static int
+_ssl__SSLContext__host_flags_set(PySSLContext *self, PyObject *value, void *Py_UNUSED(context))
+{
+    int return_value;
+
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
+    return_value = _ssl__SSLContext__host_flags_set_impl(self, value);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+
+    return return_value;
+}
+
+#if defined(_ssl__SSLContext_check_hostname_HAS_DOCSTR)
+#  define _ssl__SSLContext_check_hostname_DOCSTR _ssl__SSLContext_check_hostname__doc__
+#else
+#  define _ssl__SSLContext_check_hostname_DOCSTR NULL
+#endif
+#if defined(_SSL__SSLCONTEXT_CHECK_HOSTNAME_GETSETDEF)
+#  undef _SSL__SSLCONTEXT_CHECK_HOSTNAME_GETSETDEF
+#  define _SSL__SSLCONTEXT_CHECK_HOSTNAME_GETSETDEF {"check_hostname", (getter)_ssl__SSLContext_check_hostname_get, (setter)_ssl__SSLContext_check_hostname_set, _ssl__SSLContext_check_hostname_DOCSTR},
+#else
+#  define _SSL__SSLCONTEXT_CHECK_HOSTNAME_GETSETDEF {"check_hostname", (getter)_ssl__SSLContext_check_hostname_get, NULL, _ssl__SSLContext_check_hostname_DOCSTR},
+#endif
 
 static PyObject *
-_ssl__SSLContext_set_ciphers_impl(PySSLContext *self, const char *cipherlist);
+_ssl__SSLContext_check_hostname_get_impl(PySSLContext *self);
 
 static PyObject *
-_ssl__SSLContext_set_ciphers(PySSLContext *self, PyObject *arg)
+_ssl__SSLContext_check_hostname_get(PySSLContext *self, void *Py_UNUSED(context))
 {
     PyObject *return_value = NULL;
-    const char *cipherlist;
 
-    if (!PyUnicode_Check(arg)) {
-        _PyArg_BadArgument("set_ciphers", "argument", "str", arg);
-        goto exit;
-    }
-    Py_ssize_t cipherlist_length;
-    cipherlist = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(arg, &cipherlist_length);
-    if (cipherlist == NULL) {
-        goto exit;
-    }
-    if (strlen(cipherlist) != (size_t)cipherlist_length) {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "embedded null character");
-        goto exit;
-    }
-    return_value = _ssl__SSLContext_set_ciphers_impl(self, cipherlist);
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
+    return_value = _ssl__SSLContext_check_hostname_get_impl(self);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
 
-exit:
     return return_value;
 }
 
-PyDoc_STRVAR(_ssl__SSLContext_get_ciphers__doc__,
-"get_ciphers($self, /)\n"
-"--\n"
-"\n");
-
-#define _SSL__SSLCONTEXT_GET_CIPHERS_METHODDEF    \
-    {"get_ciphers", (PyCFunction)_ssl__SSLContext_get_ciphers, METH_NOARGS, _ssl__SSLContext_get_ciphers__doc__},
+#if defined(_SSL__SSLCONTEXT_CHECK_HOSTNAME_HAS_DOCSTR)
+#  define _ssl__SSLContext_check_hostname_DOCSTR _ssl__SSLContext_check_hostname__doc__
+#else
+#  define _ssl__SSLContext_check_hostname_DOCSTR NULL
+#endif
+#if defined(_SSL__SSLCONTEXT_CHECK_HOSTNAME_GETSETDEF)
+#  undef _SSL__SSLCONTEXT_CHECK_HOSTNAME_GETSETDEF
+#  define _SSL__SSLCONTEXT_CHECK_HOSTNAME_GETSETDEF {"check_hostname", (getter)_ssl__SSLContext_check_hostname_get, (setter)_ssl__SSLContext_check_hostname_set, _ssl__SSLContext_check_hostname_DOCSTR},
+#else
+#  define _SSL__SSLCONTEXT_CHECK_HOSTNAME_GETSETDEF {"check_hostname", NULL, (setter)_ssl__SSLContext_check_hostname_set, NULL},
+#endif
 
-static PyObject *
-_ssl__SSLContext_get_ciphers_impl(PySSLContext *self);
+static int
+_ssl__SSLContext_check_hostname_set_impl(PySSLContext *self, PyObject *value);
 
-static PyObject *
-_ssl__SSLContext_get_ciphers(PySSLContext *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
+static int
+_ssl__SSLContext_check_hostname_set(PySSLContext *self, PyObject *value, void *Py_UNUSED(context))
 {
-    return _ssl__SSLContext_get_ciphers_impl(self);
-}
+    int return_value;
 
-PyDoc_STRVAR(_ssl__SSLContext__set_alpn_protocols__doc__,
-"_set_alpn_protocols($self, protos, /)\n"
-"--\n"
-"\n");
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
+    return_value = _ssl__SSLContext_check_hostname_set_impl(self, value);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
 
-#define _SSL__SSLCONTEXT__SET_ALPN_PROTOCOLS_METHODDEF    \
-    {"_set_alpn_protocols", (PyCFunction)_ssl__SSLContext__set_alpn_protocols, METH_O, _ssl__SSLContext__set_alpn_protocols__doc__},
+    return return_value;
+}
+
+#if defined(_ssl__SSLContext_protocol_HAS_DOCSTR)
+#  define _ssl__SSLContext_protocol_DOCSTR _ssl__SSLContext_protocol__doc__
+#else
+#  define _ssl__SSLContext_protocol_DOCSTR NULL
+#endif
+#if defined(_SSL__SSLCONTEXT_PROTOCOL_GETSETDEF)
+#  undef _SSL__SSLCONTEXT_PROTOCOL_GETSETDEF
+#  define _SSL__SSLCONTEXT_PROTOCOL_GETSETDEF {"protocol", (getter)_ssl__SSLContext_protocol_get, (setter)_ssl__SSLContext_protocol_set, _ssl__SSLContext_protocol_DOCSTR},
+#else
+#  define _SSL__SSLCONTEXT_PROTOCOL_GETSETDEF {"protocol", (getter)_ssl__SSLContext_protocol_get, NULL, _ssl__SSLContext_protocol_DOCSTR},
+#endif
 
 static PyObject *
-_ssl__SSLContext__set_alpn_protocols_impl(PySSLContext *self,
-                                          Py_buffer *protos);
+_ssl__SSLContext_protocol_get_impl(PySSLContext *self);
 
 static PyObject *
-_ssl__SSLContext__set_alpn_protocols(PySSLContext *self, PyObject *arg)
+_ssl__SSLContext_protocol_get(PySSLContext *self, void *Py_UNUSED(context))
 {
     PyObject *return_value = NULL;
-    Py_buffer protos = {NULL, NULL};
 
-    if (PyObject_GetBuffer(arg, &protos, PyBUF_SIMPLE) != 0) {
-        goto exit;
-    }
-    return_value = _ssl__SSLContext__set_alpn_protocols_impl(self, &protos);
-
-exit:
-    /* Cleanup for protos */
-    if (protos.obj) {
-       PyBuffer_Release(&protos);
-    }
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
+    return_value = _ssl__SSLContext_protocol_get_impl(self);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
 
     return return_value;
 }
@@ -599,7 +1423,9 @@ _ssl__SSLContext_load_cert_chain(PySSLContext *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_s
     }
     password = args[2];
 skip_optional_pos:
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
     return_value = _ssl__SSLContext_load_cert_chain_impl(self, certfile, keyfile, password);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
 
 exit:
     return return_value;
@@ -675,7 +1501,9 @@ _ssl__SSLContext_load_verify_locations(PySSLContext *self, PyObject *const *args
     }
     cadata = args[2];
 skip_optional_pos:
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
     return_value = _ssl__SSLContext_load_verify_locations_impl(self, cafile, capath, cadata);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
 
 exit:
     return return_value;
@@ -689,6 +1517,21 @@ PyDoc_STRVAR(_ssl__SSLContext_load_dh_params__doc__,
 #define _SSL__SSLCONTEXT_LOAD_DH_PARAMS_METHODDEF    \
     {"load_dh_params", (PyCFunction)_ssl__SSLContext_load_dh_params, METH_O, _ssl__SSLContext_load_dh_params__doc__},
 
+static PyObject *
+_ssl__SSLContext_load_dh_params_impl(PySSLContext *self, PyObject *filepath);
+
+static PyObject *
+_ssl__SSLContext_load_dh_params(PySSLContext *self, PyObject *filepath)
+{
+    PyObject *return_value = NULL;
+
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
+    return_value = _ssl__SSLContext_load_dh_params_impl(self, filepath);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+
+    return return_value;
+}
+
 PyDoc_STRVAR(_ssl__SSLContext__wrap_socket__doc__,
 "_wrap_socket($self, /, sock, server_side, server_hostname=None, *,\n"
 "             owner=None, session=None)\n"
@@ -774,7 +1617,9 @@ _ssl__SSLContext__wrap_socket(PySSLContext *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssiz
     }
     session = args[4];
 skip_optional_kwonly:
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
     return_value = _ssl__SSLContext__wrap_socket_impl(self, sock, server_side, hostname_obj, owner, session);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
 
 exit:
     return return_value;
@@ -872,7 +1717,9 @@ _ssl__SSLContext__wrap_bio(PySSLContext *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t
     }
     session = args[5];
 skip_optional_kwonly:
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
     return_value = _ssl__SSLContext__wrap_bio_impl(self, incoming, outgoing, server_side, hostname_obj, owner, session);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
 
 exit:
     return return_value;
@@ -892,7 +1739,13 @@ _ssl__SSLContext_session_stats_impl(PySSLContext *self);
 static PyObject *
 _ssl__SSLContext_session_stats(PySSLContext *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
-    return _ssl__SSLContext_session_stats_impl(self);
+    PyObject *return_value = NULL;
+
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
+    return_value = _ssl__SSLContext_session_stats_impl(self);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+
+    return return_value;
 }
 
 PyDoc_STRVAR(_ssl__SSLContext_set_default_verify_paths__doc__,
@@ -909,7 +1762,13 @@ _ssl__SSLContext_set_default_verify_paths_impl(PySSLContext *self);
 static PyObject *
 _ssl__SSLContext_set_default_verify_paths(PySSLContext *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
-    return _ssl__SSLContext_set_default_verify_paths_impl(self);
+    PyObject *return_value = NULL;
+
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
+    return_value = _ssl__SSLContext_set_default_verify_paths_impl(self);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+
+    return return_value;
 }
 
 PyDoc_STRVAR(_ssl__SSLContext_set_ecdh_curve__doc__,
@@ -920,6 +1779,75 @@ PyDoc_STRVAR(_ssl__SSLContext_set_ecdh_curve__doc__,
 #define _SSL__SSLCONTEXT_SET_ECDH_CURVE_METHODDEF    \
     {"set_ecdh_curve", (PyCFunction)_ssl__SSLContext_set_ecdh_curve, METH_O, _ssl__SSLContext_set_ecdh_curve__doc__},
 
+static PyObject *
+_ssl__SSLContext_set_ecdh_curve_impl(PySSLContext *self, PyObject *name);
+
+static PyObject *
+_ssl__SSLContext_set_ecdh_curve(PySSLContext *self, PyObject *name)
+{
+    PyObject *return_value = NULL;
+
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
+    return_value = _ssl__SSLContext_set_ecdh_curve_impl(self, name);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+
+    return return_value;
+}
+
+#if defined(_ssl__SSLContext_sni_callback_HAS_DOCSTR)
+#  define _ssl__SSLContext_sni_callback_DOCSTR _ssl__SSLContext_sni_callback__doc__
+#else
+#  define _ssl__SSLContext_sni_callback_DOCSTR NULL
+#endif
+#if defined(_SSL__SSLCONTEXT_SNI_CALLBACK_GETSETDEF)
+#  undef _SSL__SSLCONTEXT_SNI_CALLBACK_GETSETDEF
+#  define _SSL__SSLCONTEXT_SNI_CALLBACK_GETSETDEF {"sni_callback", (getter)_ssl__SSLContext_sni_callback_get, (setter)_ssl__SSLContext_sni_callback_set, _ssl__SSLContext_sni_callback_DOCSTR},
+#else
+#  define _SSL__SSLCONTEXT_SNI_CALLBACK_GETSETDEF {"sni_callback", (getter)_ssl__SSLContext_sni_callback_get, NULL, _ssl__SSLContext_sni_callback_DOCSTR},
+#endif
+
+static PyObject *
+_ssl__SSLContext_sni_callback_get_impl(PySSLContext *self);
+
+static PyObject *
+_ssl__SSLContext_sni_callback_get(PySSLContext *self, void *Py_UNUSED(context))
+{
+    PyObject *return_value = NULL;
+
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
+    return_value = _ssl__SSLContext_sni_callback_get_impl(self);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+
+    return return_value;
+}
+
+#if defined(_SSL__SSLCONTEXT_SNI_CALLBACK_HAS_DOCSTR)
+#  define _ssl__SSLContext_sni_callback_DOCSTR _ssl__SSLContext_sni_callback__doc__
+#else
+#  define _ssl__SSLContext_sni_callback_DOCSTR NULL
+#endif
+#if defined(_SSL__SSLCONTEXT_SNI_CALLBACK_GETSETDEF)
+#  undef _SSL__SSLCONTEXT_SNI_CALLBACK_GETSETDEF
+#  define _SSL__SSLCONTEXT_SNI_CALLBACK_GETSETDEF {"sni_callback", (getter)_ssl__SSLContext_sni_callback_get, (setter)_ssl__SSLContext_sni_callback_set, _ssl__SSLContext_sni_callback_DOCSTR},
+#else
+#  define _SSL__SSLCONTEXT_SNI_CALLBACK_GETSETDEF {"sni_callback", NULL, (setter)_ssl__SSLContext_sni_callback_set, NULL},
+#endif
+
+static int
+_ssl__SSLContext_sni_callback_set_impl(PySSLContext *self, PyObject *value);
+
+static int
+_ssl__SSLContext_sni_callback_set(PySSLContext *self, PyObject *value, void *Py_UNUSED(context))
+{
+    int return_value;
+
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
+    return_value = _ssl__SSLContext_sni_callback_set_impl(self, value);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+
+    return return_value;
+}
+
 PyDoc_STRVAR(_ssl__SSLContext_cert_store_stats__doc__,
 "cert_store_stats($self, /)\n"
 "--\n"
@@ -941,7 +1869,13 @@ _ssl__SSLContext_cert_store_stats_impl(PySSLContext *self);
 static PyObject *
 _ssl__SSLContext_cert_store_stats(PySSLContext *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
-    return _ssl__SSLContext_cert_store_stats_impl(self);
+    PyObject *return_value = NULL;
+
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
+    return_value = _ssl__SSLContext_cert_store_stats_impl(self);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+
+    return return_value;
 }
 
 PyDoc_STRVAR(_ssl__SSLContext_get_ca_certs__doc__,
@@ -1007,7 +1941,9 @@ _ssl__SSLContext_get_ca_certs(PySSLContext *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssiz
         goto exit;
     }
 skip_optional_pos:
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
     return_value = _ssl__SSLContext_get_ca_certs_impl(self, binary_form);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
 
 exit:
     return return_value;
@@ -1062,7 +1998,9 @@ _ssl__SSLContext_set_psk_client_callback(PySSLContext *self, PyObject *const *ar
         goto exit;
     }
     callback = args[0];
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
     return_value = _ssl__SSLContext_set_psk_client_callback_impl(self, callback);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
 
 exit:
     return return_value;
@@ -1142,7 +2080,9 @@ _ssl__SSLContext_set_psk_server_callback(PySSLContext *self, PyObject *const *ar
         goto exit;
     }
 skip_optional_pos:
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
     return_value = _ssl__SSLContext_set_psk_server_callback_impl(self, callback, identity_hint);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
 
 exit:
     return return_value;
@@ -1165,12 +2105,68 @@ _ssl_MemoryBIO(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
         !_PyArg_NoKeywords("MemoryBIO", kwargs)) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(type);
     return_value = _ssl_MemoryBIO_impl(type);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
 
 exit:
     return return_value;
 }
 
+#if defined(_ssl_MemoryBIO_pending_HAS_DOCSTR)
+#  define _ssl_MemoryBIO_pending_DOCSTR _ssl_MemoryBIO_pending__doc__
+#else
+#  define _ssl_MemoryBIO_pending_DOCSTR NULL
+#endif
+#if defined(_SSL_MEMORYBIO_PENDING_GETSETDEF)
+#  undef _SSL_MEMORYBIO_PENDING_GETSETDEF
+#  define _SSL_MEMORYBIO_PENDING_GETSETDEF {"pending", (getter)_ssl_MemoryBIO_pending_get, (setter)_ssl_MemoryBIO_pending_set, _ssl_MemoryBIO_pending_DOCSTR},
+#else
+#  define _SSL_MEMORYBIO_PENDING_GETSETDEF {"pending", (getter)_ssl_MemoryBIO_pending_get, NULL, _ssl_MemoryBIO_pending_DOCSTR},
+#endif
+
+static PyObject *
+_ssl_MemoryBIO_pending_get_impl(PySSLMemoryBIO *self);
+
+static PyObject *
+_ssl_MemoryBIO_pending_get(PySSLMemoryBIO *self, void *Py_UNUSED(context))
+{
+    PyObject *return_value = NULL;
+
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
+    return_value = _ssl_MemoryBIO_pending_get_impl(self);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+
+    return return_value;
+}
+
+#if defined(_ssl_MemoryBIO_eof_HAS_DOCSTR)
+#  define _ssl_MemoryBIO_eof_DOCSTR _ssl_MemoryBIO_eof__doc__
+#else
+#  define _ssl_MemoryBIO_eof_DOCSTR NULL
+#endif
+#if defined(_SSL_MEMORYBIO_EOF_GETSETDEF)
+#  undef _SSL_MEMORYBIO_EOF_GETSETDEF
+#  define _SSL_MEMORYBIO_EOF_GETSETDEF {"eof", (getter)_ssl_MemoryBIO_eof_get, (setter)_ssl_MemoryBIO_eof_set, _ssl_MemoryBIO_eof_DOCSTR},
+#else
+#  define _SSL_MEMORYBIO_EOF_GETSETDEF {"eof", (getter)_ssl_MemoryBIO_eof_get, NULL, _ssl_MemoryBIO_eof_DOCSTR},
+#endif
+
+static PyObject *
+_ssl_MemoryBIO_eof_get_impl(PySSLMemoryBIO *self);
+
+static PyObject *
+_ssl_MemoryBIO_eof_get(PySSLMemoryBIO *self, void *Py_UNUSED(context))
+{
+    PyObject *return_value = NULL;
+
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
+    return_value = _ssl_MemoryBIO_eof_get_impl(self);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+
+    return return_value;
+}
+
 PyDoc_STRVAR(_ssl_MemoryBIO_read__doc__,
 "read($self, size=-1, /)\n"
 "--\n"
@@ -1205,7 +2201,9 @@ _ssl_MemoryBIO_read(PySSLMemoryBIO *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t narg
         goto exit;
     }
 skip_optional:
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
     return_value = _ssl_MemoryBIO_read_impl(self, len);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
 
 exit:
     return return_value;
@@ -1234,7 +2232,9 @@ _ssl_MemoryBIO_write(PySSLMemoryBIO *self, PyObject *arg)
     if (PyObject_GetBuffer(arg, &b, PyBUF_SIMPLE) != 0) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
     return_value = _ssl_MemoryBIO_write_impl(self, &b);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
 
 exit:
     /* Cleanup for b */
@@ -1262,7 +2262,148 @@ _ssl_MemoryBIO_write_eof_impl(PySSLMemoryBIO *self);
 static PyObject *
 _ssl_MemoryBIO_write_eof(PySSLMemoryBIO *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
-    return _ssl_MemoryBIO_write_eof_impl(self);
+    PyObject *return_value = NULL;
+
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
+    return_value = _ssl_MemoryBIO_write_eof_impl(self);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+
+    return return_value;
+}
+
+#if defined(_ssl_SSLSession_time_HAS_DOCSTR)
+#  define _ssl_SSLSession_time_DOCSTR _ssl_SSLSession_time__doc__
+#else
+#  define _ssl_SSLSession_time_DOCSTR NULL
+#endif
+#if defined(_SSL_SSLSESSION_TIME_GETSETDEF)
+#  undef _SSL_SSLSESSION_TIME_GETSETDEF
+#  define _SSL_SSLSESSION_TIME_GETSETDEF {"time", (getter)_ssl_SSLSession_time_get, (setter)_ssl_SSLSession_time_set, _ssl_SSLSession_time_DOCSTR},
+#else
+#  define _SSL_SSLSESSION_TIME_GETSETDEF {"time", (getter)_ssl_SSLSession_time_get, NULL, _ssl_SSLSession_time_DOCSTR},
+#endif
+
+static PyObject *
+_ssl_SSLSession_time_get_impl(PySSLSession *self);
+
+static PyObject *
+_ssl_SSLSession_time_get(PySSLSession *self, void *Py_UNUSED(context))
+{
+    PyObject *return_value = NULL;
+
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
+    return_value = _ssl_SSLSession_time_get_impl(self);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+
+    return return_value;
+}
+
+#if defined(_ssl_SSLSession_timeout_HAS_DOCSTR)
+#  define _ssl_SSLSession_timeout_DOCSTR _ssl_SSLSession_timeout__doc__
+#else
+#  define _ssl_SSLSession_timeout_DOCSTR NULL
+#endif
+#if defined(_SSL_SSLSESSION_TIMEOUT_GETSETDEF)
+#  undef _SSL_SSLSESSION_TIMEOUT_GETSETDEF
+#  define _SSL_SSLSESSION_TIMEOUT_GETSETDEF {"timeout", (getter)_ssl_SSLSession_timeout_get, (setter)_ssl_SSLSession_timeout_set, _ssl_SSLSession_timeout_DOCSTR},
+#else
+#  define _SSL_SSLSESSION_TIMEOUT_GETSETDEF {"timeout", (getter)_ssl_SSLSession_timeout_get, NULL, _ssl_SSLSession_timeout_DOCSTR},
+#endif
+
+static PyObject *
+_ssl_SSLSession_timeout_get_impl(PySSLSession *self);
+
+static PyObject *
+_ssl_SSLSession_timeout_get(PySSLSession *self, void *Py_UNUSED(context))
+{
+    PyObject *return_value = NULL;
+
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
+    return_value = _ssl_SSLSession_timeout_get_impl(self);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+
+    return return_value;
+}
+
+#if defined(_ssl_SSLSession_ticket_lifetime_hint_HAS_DOCSTR)
+#  define _ssl_SSLSession_ticket_lifetime_hint_DOCSTR _ssl_SSLSession_ticket_lifetime_hint__doc__
+#else
+#  define _ssl_SSLSession_ticket_lifetime_hint_DOCSTR NULL
+#endif
+#if defined(_SSL_SSLSESSION_TICKET_LIFETIME_HINT_GETSETDEF)
+#  undef _SSL_SSLSESSION_TICKET_LIFETIME_HINT_GETSETDEF
+#  define _SSL_SSLSESSION_TICKET_LIFETIME_HINT_GETSETDEF {"ticket_lifetime_hint", (getter)_ssl_SSLSession_ticket_lifetime_hint_get, (setter)_ssl_SSLSession_ticket_lifetime_hint_set, _ssl_SSLSession_ticket_lifetime_hint_DOCSTR},
+#else
+#  define _SSL_SSLSESSION_TICKET_LIFETIME_HINT_GETSETDEF {"ticket_lifetime_hint", (getter)_ssl_SSLSession_ticket_lifetime_hint_get, NULL, _ssl_SSLSession_ticket_lifetime_hint_DOCSTR},
+#endif
+
+static PyObject *
+_ssl_SSLSession_ticket_lifetime_hint_get_impl(PySSLSession *self);
+
+static PyObject *
+_ssl_SSLSession_ticket_lifetime_hint_get(PySSLSession *self, void *Py_UNUSED(context))
+{
+    PyObject *return_value = NULL;
+
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
+    return_value = _ssl_SSLSession_ticket_lifetime_hint_get_impl(self);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+
+    return return_value;
+}
+
+#if defined(_ssl_SSLSession_id_HAS_DOCSTR)
+#  define _ssl_SSLSession_id_DOCSTR _ssl_SSLSession_id__doc__
+#else
+#  define _ssl_SSLSession_id_DOCSTR NULL
+#endif
+#if defined(_SSL_SSLSESSION_ID_GETSETDEF)
+#  undef _SSL_SSLSESSION_ID_GETSETDEF
+#  define _SSL_SSLSESSION_ID_GETSETDEF {"id", (getter)_ssl_SSLSession_id_get, (setter)_ssl_SSLSession_id_set, _ssl_SSLSession_id_DOCSTR},
+#else
+#  define _SSL_SSLSESSION_ID_GETSETDEF {"id", (getter)_ssl_SSLSession_id_get, NULL, _ssl_SSLSession_id_DOCSTR},
+#endif
+
+static PyObject *
+_ssl_SSLSession_id_get_impl(PySSLSession *self);
+
+static PyObject *
+_ssl_SSLSession_id_get(PySSLSession *self, void *Py_UNUSED(context))
+{
+    PyObject *return_value = NULL;
+
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
+    return_value = _ssl_SSLSession_id_get_impl(self);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+
+    return return_value;
+}
+
+#if defined(_ssl_SSLSession_has_ticket_HAS_DOCSTR)
+#  define _ssl_SSLSession_has_ticket_DOCSTR _ssl_SSLSession_has_ticket__doc__
+#else
+#  define _ssl_SSLSession_has_ticket_DOCSTR NULL
+#endif
+#if defined(_SSL_SSLSESSION_HAS_TICKET_GETSETDEF)
+#  undef _SSL_SSLSESSION_HAS_TICKET_GETSETDEF
+#  define _SSL_SSLSESSION_HAS_TICKET_GETSETDEF {"has_ticket", (getter)_ssl_SSLSession_has_ticket_get, (setter)_ssl_SSLSession_has_ticket_set, _ssl_SSLSession_has_ticket_DOCSTR},
+#else
+#  define _SSL_SSLSESSION_HAS_TICKET_GETSETDEF {"has_ticket", (getter)_ssl_SSLSession_has_ticket_get, NULL, _ssl_SSLSession_has_ticket_DOCSTR},
+#endif
+
+static PyObject *
+_ssl_SSLSession_has_ticket_get_impl(PySSLSession *self);
+
+static PyObject *
+_ssl_SSLSession_has_ticket_get(PySSLSession *self, void *Py_UNUSED(context))
+{
+    PyObject *return_value = NULL;
+
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
+    return_value = _ssl_SSLSession_has_ticket_get_impl(self);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+
+    return return_value;
 }
 
 PyDoc_STRVAR(_ssl_RAND_add__doc__,
@@ -1315,7 +2456,9 @@ _ssl_RAND_add(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
             goto exit;
         }
     }
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(module);
     return_value = _ssl_RAND_add_impl(module, &view, entropy);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
 
 exit:
     /* Cleanup for view */
@@ -1348,7 +2491,9 @@ _ssl_RAND_bytes(PyObject *module, PyObject *arg)
     if (n == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(module);
     return_value = _ssl_RAND_bytes_impl(module, n);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
 
 exit:
     return return_value;
@@ -1372,7 +2517,13 @@ _ssl_RAND_status_impl(PyObject *module);
 static PyObject *
 _ssl_RAND_status(PyObject *module, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
-    return _ssl_RAND_status_impl(module);
+    PyObject *return_value = NULL;
+
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(module);
+    return_value = _ssl_RAND_status_impl(module);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+
+    return return_value;
 }
 
 PyDoc_STRVAR(_ssl_get_default_verify_paths__doc__,
@@ -1392,7 +2543,13 @@ _ssl_get_default_verify_paths_impl(PyObject *module);
 static PyObject *
 _ssl_get_default_verify_paths(PyObject *module, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
-    return _ssl_get_default_verify_paths_impl(module);
+    PyObject *return_value = NULL;
+
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(module);
+    return_value = _ssl_get_default_verify_paths_impl(module);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+
+    return return_value;
 }
 
 PyDoc_STRVAR(_ssl_txt2obj__doc__,
@@ -1469,7 +2626,9 @@ _ssl_txt2obj(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObject
         goto exit;
     }
 skip_optional_pos:
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(module);
     return_value = _ssl_txt2obj_impl(module, txt, name);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
 
 exit:
     return return_value;
@@ -1497,7 +2656,9 @@ _ssl_nid2obj(PyObject *module, PyObject *arg)
     if (nid == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(module);
     return_value = _ssl_nid2obj_impl(module, nid);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
 
 exit:
     return return_value;
@@ -1572,7 +2733,9 @@ _ssl_enum_certificates(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs
         PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "embedded null character");
         goto exit;
     }
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(module);
     return_value = _ssl_enum_certificates_impl(module, store_name);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
 
 exit:
     return return_value;
@@ -1648,7 +2811,9 @@ _ssl_enum_crls(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObje
         PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "embedded null character");
         goto exit;
     }
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(module);
     return_value = _ssl_enum_crls_impl(module, store_name);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
 
 exit:
     return return_value;
@@ -1663,4 +2828,4 @@ _ssl_enum_crls(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObje
 #ifndef _SSL_ENUM_CRLS_METHODDEF
     #define _SSL_ENUM_CRLS_METHODDEF
 #endif /* !defined(_SSL_ENUM_CRLS_METHODDEF) */
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=28a22f2b09d631cb input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=c1489122072a9f5e input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff --git a/Modules/clinic/_testclinic.c.h b/Modules/clinic/_testclinic.c.h
index 16e7c808d39e7c..1988c06971087d 100644
--- a/Modules/clinic/_testclinic.c.h
+++ b/Modules/clinic/_testclinic.c.h
@@ -1458,7 +1458,7 @@ keywords(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObject *kw
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(a), &_Py_ID(b), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('a'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('b'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -1514,7 +1514,7 @@ keywords_kwonly(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObj
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(a), &_Py_ID(b), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('a'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('b'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -1570,7 +1570,7 @@ keywords_opt(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObject
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(a), &_Py_ID(b), &_Py_ID(c), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('a'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('b'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('c'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -1639,7 +1639,7 @@ keywords_opt_kwonly(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, P
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(a), &_Py_ID(b), &_Py_ID(c), &_Py_ID(d), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('a'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('b'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('c'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('d'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -1719,7 +1719,7 @@ keywords_kwonly_opt(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, P
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(a), &_Py_ID(b), &_Py_ID(c), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('a'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('b'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('c'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -1787,7 +1787,7 @@ posonly_keywords(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, PyOb
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(b), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('b'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -1843,7 +1843,7 @@ posonly_kwonly(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObje
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(b), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('b'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -1900,7 +1900,7 @@ posonly_keywords_kwonly(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t narg
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(b), &_Py_ID(c), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('b'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('c'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -1959,7 +1959,7 @@ posonly_keywords_opt(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs,
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(b), &_Py_ID(c), &_Py_ID(d), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('b'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('c'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('d'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -2030,7 +2030,7 @@ posonly_opt_keywords_opt(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nar
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(c), &_Py_ID(d), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('c'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('d'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -2106,7 +2106,7 @@ posonly_kwonly_opt(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, Py
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(b), &_Py_ID(c), &_Py_ID(d), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('b'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('c'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('d'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -2177,7 +2177,7 @@ posonly_opt_kwonly_opt(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(c), &_Py_ID(d), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('c'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('d'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -2253,7 +2253,7 @@ posonly_keywords_kwonly_opt(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(b), &_Py_ID(c), &_Py_ID(d), &_Py_ID(e), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('b'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('c'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('d'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('e'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -2328,7 +2328,7 @@ posonly_keywords_opt_kwonly_opt(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssiz
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(b), &_Py_ID(c), &_Py_ID(d), &_Py_ID(e), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('b'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('c'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('d'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('e'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -2412,7 +2412,7 @@ posonly_opt_keywords_opt_kwonly_opt(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(c), &_Py_ID(d), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('c'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('d'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -2491,7 +2491,7 @@ keyword_only_parameter(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(a), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('a'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -2521,20 +2521,93 @@ keyword_only_parameter(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs
     return return_value;
 }
 
-PyDoc_STRVAR(posonly_vararg__doc__,
-"posonly_vararg($module, a, /, b, *args)\n"
+PyDoc_STRVAR(varpos__doc__,
+"varpos($module, /, *args)\n"
 "--\n"
 "\n");
 
-#define POSONLY_VARARG_METHODDEF    \
-    {"posonly_vararg", _PyCFunction_CAST(posonly_vararg), METH_FASTCALL|METH_KEYWORDS, posonly_vararg__doc__},
+#define VARPOS_METHODDEF    \
+    {"varpos", _PyCFunction_CAST(varpos), METH_FASTCALL, varpos__doc__},
 
 static PyObject *
-posonly_vararg_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *a, PyObject *b,
+varpos_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *args);
+
+static PyObject *
+varpos(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
+{
+    PyObject *return_value = NULL;
+    PyObject *__clinic_args = NULL;
+
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("varpos", nargs, 0, PY_SSIZE_T_MAX)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    __clinic_args = PyTuple_New(nargs - 0);
+    if (!__clinic_args) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < nargs - 0; ++i) {
+        PyTuple_SET_ITEM(__clinic_args, i, Py_NewRef(args[0 + i]));
+    }
+    return_value = varpos_impl(module, __clinic_args);
+
+exit:
+    Py_XDECREF(__clinic_args);
+    return return_value;
+}
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR(posonly_varpos__doc__,
+"posonly_varpos($module, a, b, /, *args)\n"
+"--\n"
+"\n");
+
+#define POSONLY_VARPOS_METHODDEF    \
+    {"posonly_varpos", _PyCFunction_CAST(posonly_varpos), METH_FASTCALL, posonly_varpos__doc__},
+
+static PyObject *
+posonly_varpos_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *a, PyObject *b,
                     PyObject *args);
 
 static PyObject *
-posonly_vararg(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObject *kwnames)
+posonly_varpos(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
+{
+    PyObject *return_value = NULL;
+    PyObject *a;
+    PyObject *b;
+    PyObject *__clinic_args = NULL;
+
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("posonly_varpos", nargs, 2, PY_SSIZE_T_MAX)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    a = args[0];
+    b = args[1];
+    __clinic_args = PyTuple_New(nargs - 2);
+    if (!__clinic_args) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < nargs - 2; ++i) {
+        PyTuple_SET_ITEM(__clinic_args, i, Py_NewRef(args[2 + i]));
+    }
+    return_value = posonly_varpos_impl(module, a, b, __clinic_args);
+
+exit:
+    Py_XDECREF(__clinic_args);
+    return return_value;
+}
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR(posonly_poskw_varpos__doc__,
+"posonly_poskw_varpos($module, a, /, b, *args)\n"
+"--\n"
+"\n");
+
+#define POSONLY_POSKW_VARPOS_METHODDEF    \
+    {"posonly_poskw_varpos", _PyCFunction_CAST(posonly_poskw_varpos), METH_FASTCALL|METH_KEYWORDS, posonly_poskw_varpos__doc__},
+
+static PyObject *
+posonly_poskw_varpos_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *a, PyObject *b,
+                          PyObject *args);
+
+static PyObject *
+posonly_poskw_varpos(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObject *kwnames)
 {
     PyObject *return_value = NULL;
     #if defined(Py_BUILD_CORE) && !defined(Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE)
@@ -2546,7 +2619,7 @@ posonly_vararg(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObje
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(b), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('b'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -2558,7 +2631,7 @@ posonly_vararg(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObje
     static const char * const _keywords[] = {"", "b", NULL};
     static _PyArg_Parser _parser = {
         .keywords = _keywords,
-        .fname = "posonly_vararg",
+        .fname = "posonly_poskw_varpos",
         .kwtuple = KWTUPLE,
     };
     #undef KWTUPLE
@@ -2574,74 +2647,96 @@ posonly_vararg(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObje
     a = args[0];
     b = args[1];
     __clinic_args = args[2];
-    return_value = posonly_vararg_impl(module, a, b, __clinic_args);
+    return_value = posonly_poskw_varpos_impl(module, a, b, __clinic_args);
 
 exit:
     Py_XDECREF(__clinic_args);
     return return_value;
 }
 
-PyDoc_STRVAR(vararg_and_posonly__doc__,
-"vararg_and_posonly($module, a, /, *args)\n"
+PyDoc_STRVAR(poskw_varpos__doc__,
+"poskw_varpos($module, /, a, *args)\n"
 "--\n"
 "\n");
 
-#define VARARG_AND_POSONLY_METHODDEF    \
-    {"vararg_and_posonly", _PyCFunction_CAST(vararg_and_posonly), METH_FASTCALL, vararg_and_posonly__doc__},
+#define POSKW_VARPOS_METHODDEF    \
+    {"poskw_varpos", _PyCFunction_CAST(poskw_varpos), METH_FASTCALL|METH_KEYWORDS, poskw_varpos__doc__},
 
 static PyObject *
-vararg_and_posonly_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *a, PyObject *args);
+poskw_varpos_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *a, PyObject *args);
 
 static PyObject *
-vararg_and_posonly(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
+poskw_varpos(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObject *kwnames)
 {
     PyObject *return_value = NULL;
+    #if defined(Py_BUILD_CORE) && !defined(Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE)
+
+    #define NUM_KEYWORDS 1
+    static struct {
+        PyGC_Head _this_is_not_used;
+        PyObject_VAR_HEAD
+        PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
+    } _kwtuple = {
+        .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('a'), },
+    };
+    #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
+    #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
+
+    #else  // !Py_BUILD_CORE
+    #  define KWTUPLE NULL
+    #endif  // !Py_BUILD_CORE
+
+    static const char * const _keywords[] = {"a", NULL};
+    static _PyArg_Parser _parser = {
+        .keywords = _keywords,
+        .fname = "poskw_varpos",
+        .kwtuple = KWTUPLE,
+    };
+    #undef KWTUPLE
+    PyObject *argsbuf[2];
     PyObject *a;
     PyObject *__clinic_args = NULL;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("vararg_and_posonly", nargs, 1, PY_SSIZE_T_MAX)) {
+    args = _PyArg_UnpackKeywordsWithVararg(args, nargs, NULL, kwnames, &_parser, 1, 1, 0, 1, argsbuf);
+    if (!args) {
         goto exit;
     }
     a = args[0];
-    __clinic_args = PyTuple_New(nargs - 1);
-    if (!__clinic_args) {
-        goto exit;
-    }
-    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < nargs - 1; ++i) {
-        PyTuple_SET_ITEM(__clinic_args, i, Py_NewRef(args[1 + i]));
-    }
-    return_value = vararg_and_posonly_impl(module, a, __clinic_args);
+    __clinic_args = args[1];
+    return_value = poskw_varpos_impl(module, a, __clinic_args);
 
 exit:
     Py_XDECREF(__clinic_args);
     return return_value;
 }
 
-PyDoc_STRVAR(vararg__doc__,
-"vararg($module, /, a, *args)\n"
+PyDoc_STRVAR(poskw_varpos_kwonly_opt__doc__,
+"poskw_varpos_kwonly_opt($module, /, a, *args, b=False)\n"
 "--\n"
 "\n");
 
-#define VARARG_METHODDEF    \
-    {"vararg", _PyCFunction_CAST(vararg), METH_FASTCALL|METH_KEYWORDS, vararg__doc__},
+#define POSKW_VARPOS_KWONLY_OPT_METHODDEF    \
+    {"poskw_varpos_kwonly_opt", _PyCFunction_CAST(poskw_varpos_kwonly_opt), METH_FASTCALL|METH_KEYWORDS, poskw_varpos_kwonly_opt__doc__},
 
 static PyObject *
-vararg_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *a, PyObject *args);
+poskw_varpos_kwonly_opt_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *a, PyObject *args,
+                             int b);
 
 static PyObject *
-vararg(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObject *kwnames)
+poskw_varpos_kwonly_opt(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObject *kwnames)
 {
     PyObject *return_value = NULL;
     #if defined(Py_BUILD_CORE) && !defined(Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE)
 
-    #define NUM_KEYWORDS 1
+    #define NUM_KEYWORDS 2
     static struct {
         PyGC_Head _this_is_not_used;
         PyObject_VAR_HEAD
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(a), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('a'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('b'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -2650,16 +2745,18 @@ vararg(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObject *kwna
     #  define KWTUPLE NULL
     #endif  // !Py_BUILD_CORE
 
-    static const char * const _keywords[] = {"a", NULL};
+    static const char * const _keywords[] = {"a", "b", NULL};
     static _PyArg_Parser _parser = {
         .keywords = _keywords,
-        .fname = "vararg",
+        .fname = "poskw_varpos_kwonly_opt",
         .kwtuple = KWTUPLE,
     };
     #undef KWTUPLE
-    PyObject *argsbuf[2];
+    PyObject *argsbuf[3];
+    Py_ssize_t noptargs = Py_MIN(nargs, 1) + (kwnames ? PyTuple_GET_SIZE(kwnames) : 0) - 1;
     PyObject *a;
     PyObject *__clinic_args = NULL;
+    int b = 0;
 
     args = _PyArg_UnpackKeywordsWithVararg(args, nargs, NULL, kwnames, &_parser, 1, 1, 0, 1, argsbuf);
     if (!args) {
@@ -2667,39 +2764,47 @@ vararg(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObject *kwna
     }
     a = args[0];
     __clinic_args = args[1];
-    return_value = vararg_impl(module, a, __clinic_args);
+    if (!noptargs) {
+        goto skip_optional_kwonly;
+    }
+    b = PyObject_IsTrue(args[2]);
+    if (b < 0) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+skip_optional_kwonly:
+    return_value = poskw_varpos_kwonly_opt_impl(module, a, __clinic_args, b);
 
 exit:
     Py_XDECREF(__clinic_args);
     return return_value;
 }
 
-PyDoc_STRVAR(vararg_with_default__doc__,
-"vararg_with_default($module, /, a, *args, b=False)\n"
+PyDoc_STRVAR(poskw_varpos_kwonly_opt2__doc__,
+"poskw_varpos_kwonly_opt2($module, /, a, *args, b=False, c=False)\n"
 "--\n"
 "\n");
 
-#define VARARG_WITH_DEFAULT_METHODDEF    \
-    {"vararg_with_default", _PyCFunction_CAST(vararg_with_default), METH_FASTCALL|METH_KEYWORDS, vararg_with_default__doc__},
+#define POSKW_VARPOS_KWONLY_OPT2_METHODDEF    \
+    {"poskw_varpos_kwonly_opt2", _PyCFunction_CAST(poskw_varpos_kwonly_opt2), METH_FASTCALL|METH_KEYWORDS, poskw_varpos_kwonly_opt2__doc__},
 
 static PyObject *
-vararg_with_default_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *a, PyObject *args,
-                         int b);
+poskw_varpos_kwonly_opt2_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *a, PyObject *args,
+                              PyObject *b, PyObject *c);
 
 static PyObject *
-vararg_with_default(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObject *kwnames)
+poskw_varpos_kwonly_opt2(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObject *kwnames)
 {
     PyObject *return_value = NULL;
     #if defined(Py_BUILD_CORE) && !defined(Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE)
 
-    #define NUM_KEYWORDS 2
+    #define NUM_KEYWORDS 3
     static struct {
         PyGC_Head _this_is_not_used;
         PyObject_VAR_HEAD
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(a), &_Py_ID(b), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('a'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('b'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('c'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -2708,18 +2813,19 @@ vararg_with_default(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, P
     #  define KWTUPLE NULL
     #endif  // !Py_BUILD_CORE
 
-    static const char * const _keywords[] = {"a", "b", NULL};
+    static const char * const _keywords[] = {"a", "b", "c", NULL};
     static _PyArg_Parser _parser = {
         .keywords = _keywords,
-        .fname = "vararg_with_default",
+        .fname = "poskw_varpos_kwonly_opt2",
         .kwtuple = KWTUPLE,
     };
     #undef KWTUPLE
-    PyObject *argsbuf[3];
+    PyObject *argsbuf[4];
     Py_ssize_t noptargs = Py_MIN(nargs, 1) + (kwnames ? PyTuple_GET_SIZE(kwnames) : 0) - 1;
     PyObject *a;
     PyObject *__clinic_args = NULL;
-    int b = 0;
+    PyObject *b = Py_False;
+    PyObject *c = Py_False;
 
     args = _PyArg_UnpackKeywordsWithVararg(args, nargs, NULL, kwnames, &_parser, 1, 1, 0, 1, argsbuf);
     if (!args) {
@@ -2730,31 +2836,34 @@ vararg_with_default(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, P
     if (!noptargs) {
         goto skip_optional_kwonly;
     }
-    b = PyObject_IsTrue(args[2]);
-    if (b < 0) {
-        goto exit;
+    if (args[2]) {
+        b = args[2];
+        if (!--noptargs) {
+            goto skip_optional_kwonly;
+        }
     }
+    c = args[3];
 skip_optional_kwonly:
-    return_value = vararg_with_default_impl(module, a, __clinic_args, b);
+    return_value = poskw_varpos_kwonly_opt2_impl(module, a, __clinic_args, b, c);
 
 exit:
     Py_XDECREF(__clinic_args);
     return return_value;
 }
 
-PyDoc_STRVAR(vararg_with_only_defaults__doc__,
-"vararg_with_only_defaults($module, /, *args, b=None)\n"
+PyDoc_STRVAR(varpos_kwonly_opt__doc__,
+"varpos_kwonly_opt($module, /, *args, b=False)\n"
 "--\n"
 "\n");
 
-#define VARARG_WITH_ONLY_DEFAULTS_METHODDEF    \
-    {"vararg_with_only_defaults", _PyCFunction_CAST(vararg_with_only_defaults), METH_FASTCALL|METH_KEYWORDS, vararg_with_only_defaults__doc__},
+#define VARPOS_KWONLY_OPT_METHODDEF    \
+    {"varpos_kwonly_opt", _PyCFunction_CAST(varpos_kwonly_opt), METH_FASTCALL|METH_KEYWORDS, varpos_kwonly_opt__doc__},
 
 static PyObject *
-vararg_with_only_defaults_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *args, PyObject *b);
+varpos_kwonly_opt_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *args, PyObject *b);
 
 static PyObject *
-vararg_with_only_defaults(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObject *kwnames)
+varpos_kwonly_opt(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObject *kwnames)
 {
     PyObject *return_value = NULL;
     #if defined(Py_BUILD_CORE) && !defined(Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE)
@@ -2766,7 +2875,7 @@ vararg_with_only_defaults(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t na
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(b), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('b'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -2778,14 +2887,14 @@ vararg_with_only_defaults(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t na
     static const char * const _keywords[] = {"b", NULL};
     static _PyArg_Parser _parser = {
         .keywords = _keywords,
-        .fname = "vararg_with_only_defaults",
+        .fname = "varpos_kwonly_opt",
         .kwtuple = KWTUPLE,
     };
     #undef KWTUPLE
     PyObject *argsbuf[2];
     Py_ssize_t noptargs = 0 + (kwnames ? PyTuple_GET_SIZE(kwnames) : 0) - 0;
     PyObject *__clinic_args = NULL;
-    PyObject *b = Py_None;
+    PyObject *b = Py_False;
 
     args = _PyArg_UnpackKeywordsWithVararg(args, nargs, NULL, kwnames, &_parser, 0, 0, 0, 0, argsbuf);
     if (!args) {
@@ -2797,7 +2906,79 @@ vararg_with_only_defaults(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t na
     }
     b = args[1];
 skip_optional_kwonly:
-    return_value = vararg_with_only_defaults_impl(module, __clinic_args, b);
+    return_value = varpos_kwonly_opt_impl(module, __clinic_args, b);
+
+exit:
+    Py_XDECREF(__clinic_args);
+    return return_value;
+}
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR(varpos_kwonly_req_opt__doc__,
+"varpos_kwonly_req_opt($module, /, *args, a, b=False, c=False)\n"
+"--\n"
+"\n");
+
+#define VARPOS_KWONLY_REQ_OPT_METHODDEF    \
+    {"varpos_kwonly_req_opt", _PyCFunction_CAST(varpos_kwonly_req_opt), METH_FASTCALL|METH_KEYWORDS, varpos_kwonly_req_opt__doc__},
+
+static PyObject *
+varpos_kwonly_req_opt_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *args, PyObject *a,
+                           PyObject *b, PyObject *c);
+
+static PyObject *
+varpos_kwonly_req_opt(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObject *kwnames)
+{
+    PyObject *return_value = NULL;
+    #if defined(Py_BUILD_CORE) && !defined(Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE)
+
+    #define NUM_KEYWORDS 3
+    static struct {
+        PyGC_Head _this_is_not_used;
+        PyObject_VAR_HEAD
+        PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
+    } _kwtuple = {
+        .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('a'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('b'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('c'), },
+    };
+    #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
+    #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
+
+    #else  // !Py_BUILD_CORE
+    #  define KWTUPLE NULL
+    #endif  // !Py_BUILD_CORE
+
+    static const char * const _keywords[] = {"a", "b", "c", NULL};
+    static _PyArg_Parser _parser = {
+        .keywords = _keywords,
+        .fname = "varpos_kwonly_req_opt",
+        .kwtuple = KWTUPLE,
+    };
+    #undef KWTUPLE
+    PyObject *argsbuf[4];
+    Py_ssize_t noptargs = 0 + (kwnames ? PyTuple_GET_SIZE(kwnames) : 0) - 1;
+    PyObject *__clinic_args = NULL;
+    PyObject *a;
+    PyObject *b = Py_False;
+    PyObject *c = Py_False;
+
+    args = _PyArg_UnpackKeywordsWithVararg(args, nargs, NULL, kwnames, &_parser, 0, 0, 1, 0, argsbuf);
+    if (!args) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    __clinic_args = args[0];
+    a = args[1];
+    if (!noptargs) {
+        goto skip_optional_kwonly;
+    }
+    if (args[2]) {
+        b = args[2];
+        if (!--noptargs) {
+            goto skip_optional_kwonly;
+        }
+    }
+    c = args[3];
+skip_optional_kwonly:
+    return_value = varpos_kwonly_req_opt_impl(module, __clinic_args, a, b, c);
 
 exit:
     Py_XDECREF(__clinic_args);
@@ -3418,4 +3599,98 @@ _testclinic_TestClass_get_defining_class_arg(PyObject *self, PyTypeObject *cls,
 exit:
     return return_value;
 }
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=545d409a47f1826d input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR(_testclinic_TestClass_defclass_varpos__doc__,
+"defclass_varpos($self, /, *args)\n"
+"--\n"
+"\n");
+
+#define _TESTCLINIC_TESTCLASS_DEFCLASS_VARPOS_METHODDEF    \
+    {"defclass_varpos", _PyCFunction_CAST(_testclinic_TestClass_defclass_varpos), METH_METHOD|METH_FASTCALL|METH_KEYWORDS, _testclinic_TestClass_defclass_varpos__doc__},
+
+static PyObject *
+_testclinic_TestClass_defclass_varpos_impl(PyObject *self, PyTypeObject *cls,
+                                           PyObject *args);
+
+static PyObject *
+_testclinic_TestClass_defclass_varpos(PyObject *self, PyTypeObject *cls, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObject *kwnames)
+{
+    PyObject *return_value = NULL;
+    #if defined(Py_BUILD_CORE) && !defined(Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE)
+    #  define KWTUPLE (PyObject *)&_Py_SINGLETON(tuple_empty)
+    #else
+    #  define KWTUPLE NULL
+    #endif
+
+    static const char * const _keywords[] = { NULL};
+    static _PyArg_Parser _parser = {
+        .keywords = _keywords,
+        .fname = "defclass_varpos",
+        .kwtuple = KWTUPLE,
+    };
+    #undef KWTUPLE
+    PyObject *argsbuf[1];
+    PyObject *__clinic_args = NULL;
+
+    args = _PyArg_UnpackKeywordsWithVararg(args, nargs, NULL, kwnames, &_parser, 0, 0, 0, 0, argsbuf);
+    if (!args) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    __clinic_args = args[0];
+    return_value = _testclinic_TestClass_defclass_varpos_impl(self, cls, __clinic_args);
+
+exit:
+    Py_XDECREF(__clinic_args);
+    return return_value;
+}
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR(_testclinic_TestClass_defclass_posonly_varpos__doc__,
+"defclass_posonly_varpos($self, a, b, /, *args)\n"
+"--\n"
+"\n");
+
+#define _TESTCLINIC_TESTCLASS_DEFCLASS_POSONLY_VARPOS_METHODDEF    \
+    {"defclass_posonly_varpos", _PyCFunction_CAST(_testclinic_TestClass_defclass_posonly_varpos), METH_METHOD|METH_FASTCALL|METH_KEYWORDS, _testclinic_TestClass_defclass_posonly_varpos__doc__},
+
+static PyObject *
+_testclinic_TestClass_defclass_posonly_varpos_impl(PyObject *self,
+                                                   PyTypeObject *cls,
+                                                   PyObject *a, PyObject *b,
+                                                   PyObject *args);
+
+static PyObject *
+_testclinic_TestClass_defclass_posonly_varpos(PyObject *self, PyTypeObject *cls, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObject *kwnames)
+{
+    PyObject *return_value = NULL;
+    #if defined(Py_BUILD_CORE) && !defined(Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE)
+    #  define KWTUPLE (PyObject *)&_Py_SINGLETON(tuple_empty)
+    #else
+    #  define KWTUPLE NULL
+    #endif
+
+    static const char * const _keywords[] = {"", "", NULL};
+    static _PyArg_Parser _parser = {
+        .keywords = _keywords,
+        .fname = "defclass_posonly_varpos",
+        .kwtuple = KWTUPLE,
+    };
+    #undef KWTUPLE
+    PyObject *argsbuf[3];
+    PyObject *a;
+    PyObject *b;
+    PyObject *__clinic_args = NULL;
+
+    args = _PyArg_UnpackKeywordsWithVararg(args, nargs, NULL, kwnames, &_parser, 2, 2, 0, 2, argsbuf);
+    if (!args) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    a = args[0];
+    b = args[1];
+    __clinic_args = args[2];
+    return_value = _testclinic_TestClass_defclass_posonly_varpos_impl(self, cls, a, b, __clinic_args);
+
+exit:
+    Py_XDECREF(__clinic_args);
+    return return_value;
+}
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=76ecbb38c632bde8 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff --git a/Modules/clinic/_testclinic_depr.c.h b/Modules/clinic/_testclinic_depr.c.h
index 732c3810408399..95a2cc4cb5ed6d 100644
--- a/Modules/clinic/_testclinic_depr.c.h
+++ b/Modules/clinic/_testclinic_depr.c.h
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ depr_star_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(a), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('a'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ depr_star_new_clone(PyObject *type, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, PyO
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(a), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('a'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ depr_star_init(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(a), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('a'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ depr_star_init_clone(PyObject *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, Py
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(a), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('a'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -372,7 +372,7 @@ depr_star_init_noinline(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(a), &_Py_ID(b), &_Py_ID(c), &_Py_ID(d), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('a'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('b'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('c'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('d'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -451,7 +451,7 @@ depr_kwd_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(a), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('a'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -534,7 +534,7 @@ depr_kwd_init(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(a), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('a'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -608,7 +608,7 @@ depr_kwd_init_noinline(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(b), &_Py_ID(c), &_Py_ID(d), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('b'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('c'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('d'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -635,7 +635,7 @@ depr_kwd_init_noinline(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
         &a, &b, &c, &d, &d_length)) {
         goto exit;
     }
-    if (kwargs && PyDict_GET_SIZE(kwargs) && ((nargs < 2) || (nargs < 3 && PyDict_Contains(kwargs, &_Py_ID(c))))) {
+    if (kwargs && PyDict_GET_SIZE(kwargs) && ((nargs < 2) || (nargs < 3 && PyDict_Contains(kwargs, _Py_LATIN1_CHR('c'))))) {
         if (PyErr_Occurred()) { // PyDict_Contains() above can fail
             goto exit;
         }
@@ -692,7 +692,7 @@ depr_star_pos0_len1(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, P
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(a), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('a'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -770,7 +770,7 @@ depr_star_pos0_len2(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, P
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(a), &_Py_ID(b), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('a'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('b'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -851,7 +851,7 @@ depr_star_pos0_len3_with_kwd(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(a), &_Py_ID(b), &_Py_ID(c), &_Py_ID(d), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('a'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('b'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('c'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('d'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -935,7 +935,7 @@ depr_star_pos1_len1_opt(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t narg
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(a), &_Py_ID(b), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('a'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('b'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -1020,7 +1020,7 @@ depr_star_pos1_len1(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, P
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(a), &_Py_ID(b), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('a'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('b'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -1101,7 +1101,7 @@ depr_star_pos1_len2_with_kwd(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(a), &_Py_ID(b), &_Py_ID(c), &_Py_ID(d), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('a'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('b'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('c'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('d'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -1186,7 +1186,7 @@ depr_star_pos2_len1(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, P
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(a), &_Py_ID(b), &_Py_ID(c), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('a'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('b'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('c'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -1269,7 +1269,7 @@ depr_star_pos2_len2(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, P
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(a), &_Py_ID(b), &_Py_ID(c), &_Py_ID(d), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('a'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('b'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('c'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('d'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -1354,7 +1354,7 @@ depr_star_pos2_len2_with_kwd(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(a), &_Py_ID(b), &_Py_ID(c), &_Py_ID(d), &_Py_ID(e), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('a'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('b'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('c'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('d'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('e'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -1441,7 +1441,7 @@ depr_star_noinline(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, Py
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(a), &_Py_ID(b), &_Py_ID(c), &_Py_ID(d), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('a'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('b'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('c'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('d'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -1525,7 +1525,7 @@ depr_star_multi(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObj
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(a), &_Py_ID(b), &_Py_ID(c), &_Py_ID(d), &_Py_ID(e), &_Py_ID(f), &_Py_ID(g), &_Py_ID(h), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('a'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('b'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('c'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('d'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('e'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('f'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('g'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('h'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -1618,7 +1618,7 @@ depr_kwd_required_1(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, P
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(b), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('b'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -1699,7 +1699,7 @@ depr_kwd_required_2(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, P
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(b), &_Py_ID(c), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('b'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('c'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -1780,7 +1780,7 @@ depr_kwd_optional_1(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, P
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(b), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('b'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -1866,7 +1866,7 @@ depr_kwd_optional_2(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, P
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(b), &_Py_ID(c), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('b'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('c'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -1959,7 +1959,7 @@ depr_kwd_optional_3(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, P
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(a), &_Py_ID(b), &_Py_ID(c), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('a'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('b'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('c'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -2057,7 +2057,7 @@ depr_kwd_required_optional(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t n
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(b), &_Py_ID(c), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('b'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('c'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -2145,7 +2145,7 @@ depr_kwd_noinline(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, PyO
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(b), &_Py_ID(c), &_Py_ID(d), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('b'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('c'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('d'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -2171,7 +2171,7 @@ depr_kwd_noinline(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, PyO
         &a, &b, &c, &d, &d_length)) {
         goto exit;
     }
-    if (kwnames && PyTuple_GET_SIZE(kwnames) && ((nargs < 2) || (nargs < 3 && PySequence_Contains(kwnames, &_Py_ID(c))))) {
+    if (kwnames && PyTuple_GET_SIZE(kwnames) && ((nargs < 2) || (nargs < 3 && PySequence_Contains(kwnames, _Py_LATIN1_CHR('c'))))) {
         if (PyErr_Occurred()) { // PySequence_Contains() above can fail
             goto exit;
         }
@@ -2232,7 +2232,7 @@ depr_kwd_multi(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObje
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(b), &_Py_ID(c), &_Py_ID(d), &_Py_ID(e), &_Py_ID(f), &_Py_ID(g), &_Py_ID(h), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('b'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('c'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('d'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('e'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('f'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('g'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('h'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -2333,7 +2333,7 @@ depr_multi(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObject *
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(b), &_Py_ID(c), &_Py_ID(d), &_Py_ID(e), &_Py_ID(f), &_Py_ID(g), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('b'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('c'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('d'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('e'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('f'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('g'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -2393,4 +2393,4 @@ depr_multi(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObject *
 exit:
     return return_value;
 }
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=2c19d1804ba6e53b input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=ca6da2c7137554be input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff --git a/Modules/clinic/_testmultiphase.c.h b/Modules/clinic/_testmultiphase.c.h
index 7ac361ece1acc3..452897b3fae99e 100644
--- a/Modules/clinic/_testmultiphase.c.h
+++ b/Modules/clinic/_testmultiphase.c.h
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ _testmultiphase_StateAccessType_increment_count_clinic(StateAccessTypeObject *se
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(n), &_Py_ID(twice), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('n'), &_Py_ID(twice), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -162,4 +162,4 @@ _testmultiphase_StateAccessType_get_count(StateAccessTypeObject *self, PyTypeObj
     }
     return _testmultiphase_StateAccessType_get_count_impl(self, cls);
 }
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=2c199bad52e9cda7 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=59cb50dae2d11dc1 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff --git a/Modules/clinic/_zoneinfo.c.h b/Modules/clinic/_zoneinfo.c.h
index 9905b6425e2f79..bde88b5c4fa65b 100644
--- a/Modules/clinic/_zoneinfo.c.h
+++ b/Modules/clinic/_zoneinfo.c.h
@@ -6,8 +6,65 @@ preserve
 #  include "pycore_gc.h"          // PyGC_Head
 #  include "pycore_runtime.h"     // _Py_ID()
 #endif
+#include "pycore_critical_section.h"// Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION()
 #include "pycore_modsupport.h"    // _PyArg_UnpackKeywords()
 
+PyDoc_STRVAR(zoneinfo_ZoneInfo__doc__,
+"ZoneInfo(key)\n"
+"--\n"
+"\n"
+"Create a new ZoneInfo instance.");
+
+static PyObject *
+zoneinfo_ZoneInfo_impl(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *key);
+
+static PyObject *
+zoneinfo_ZoneInfo(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
+{
+    PyObject *return_value = NULL;
+    #if defined(Py_BUILD_CORE) && !defined(Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE)
+
+    #define NUM_KEYWORDS 1
+    static struct {
+        PyGC_Head _this_is_not_used;
+        PyObject_VAR_HEAD
+        PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
+    } _kwtuple = {
+        .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
+        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(key), },
+    };
+    #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
+    #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
+
+    #else  // !Py_BUILD_CORE
+    #  define KWTUPLE NULL
+    #endif  // !Py_BUILD_CORE
+
+    static const char * const _keywords[] = {"key", NULL};
+    static _PyArg_Parser _parser = {
+        .keywords = _keywords,
+        .fname = "ZoneInfo",
+        .kwtuple = KWTUPLE,
+    };
+    #undef KWTUPLE
+    PyObject *argsbuf[1];
+    PyObject * const *fastargs;
+    Py_ssize_t nargs = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(args);
+    PyObject *key;
+
+    fastargs = _PyArg_UnpackKeywords(_PyTuple_CAST(args)->ob_item, nargs, kwargs, NULL, &_parser, 1, 1, 0, argsbuf);
+    if (!fastargs) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    key = fastargs[0];
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(type);
+    return_value = zoneinfo_ZoneInfo_impl(type, key);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+
+exit:
+    return return_value;
+}
+
 PyDoc_STRVAR(zoneinfo_ZoneInfo_from_file__doc__,
 "from_file($type, file_obj, /, key=None)\n"
 "--\n"
@@ -182,7 +239,9 @@ zoneinfo_ZoneInfo_clear_cache(PyTypeObject *type, PyTypeObject *cls, PyObject *c
     }
     only_keys = args[0];
 skip_optional_kwonly:
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(type);
     return_value = zoneinfo_ZoneInfo_clear_cache_impl(type, cls, only_keys);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
 
 exit:
     return return_value;
@@ -372,4 +431,4 @@ zoneinfo_ZoneInfo__unpickle(PyTypeObject *type, PyTypeObject *cls, PyObject *con
 exit:
     return return_value;
 }
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=2a15f32fdd2ab6cd input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=b4fdc0b30247110a input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff --git a/Modules/_blake2/clinic/blake2b_impl.c.h b/Modules/clinic/blake2module.c.h
similarity index 54%
rename from Modules/_blake2/clinic/blake2b_impl.c.h
rename to Modules/clinic/blake2module.c.h
index 47d62717eb76e7..50478bcbecf8e3 100644
--- a/Modules/_blake2/clinic/blake2b_impl.c.h
+++ b/Modules/clinic/blake2module.c.h
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ py_blake2b_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
     Py_ssize_t nargs = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(args);
     Py_ssize_t noptargs = nargs + (kwargs ? PyDict_GET_SIZE(kwargs) : 0) - 0;
     PyObject *data = NULL;
-    int digest_size = BLAKE2B_OUTBYTES;
+    int digest_size = HACL_HASH_BLAKE2B_OUT_BYTES;
     Py_buffer key = {NULL, NULL};
     Py_buffer salt = {NULL, NULL};
     Py_buffer person = {NULL, NULL};
@@ -203,6 +203,200 @@ py_blake2b_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
     return return_value;
 }
 
+PyDoc_STRVAR(py_blake2s_new__doc__,
+"blake2s(data=b\'\', /, *, digest_size=_blake2.blake2s.MAX_DIGEST_SIZE,\n"
+"        key=b\'\', salt=b\'\', person=b\'\', fanout=1, depth=1, leaf_size=0,\n"
+"        node_offset=0, node_depth=0, inner_size=0, last_node=False,\n"
+"        usedforsecurity=True)\n"
+"--\n"
+"\n"
+"Return a new BLAKE2s hash object.");
+
+static PyObject *
+py_blake2s_new_impl(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *data, int digest_size,
+                    Py_buffer *key, Py_buffer *salt, Py_buffer *person,
+                    int fanout, int depth, unsigned long leaf_size,
+                    unsigned long long node_offset, int node_depth,
+                    int inner_size, int last_node, int usedforsecurity);
+
+static PyObject *
+py_blake2s_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
+{
+    PyObject *return_value = NULL;
+    #if defined(Py_BUILD_CORE) && !defined(Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE)
+
+    #define NUM_KEYWORDS 12
+    static struct {
+        PyGC_Head _this_is_not_used;
+        PyObject_VAR_HEAD
+        PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
+    } _kwtuple = {
+        .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
+        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(digest_size), &_Py_ID(key), &_Py_ID(salt), &_Py_ID(person), &_Py_ID(fanout), &_Py_ID(depth), &_Py_ID(leaf_size), &_Py_ID(node_offset), &_Py_ID(node_depth), &_Py_ID(inner_size), &_Py_ID(last_node), &_Py_ID(usedforsecurity), },
+    };
+    #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
+    #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
+
+    #else  // !Py_BUILD_CORE
+    #  define KWTUPLE NULL
+    #endif  // !Py_BUILD_CORE
+
+    static const char * const _keywords[] = {"", "digest_size", "key", "salt", "person", "fanout", "depth", "leaf_size", "node_offset", "node_depth", "inner_size", "last_node", "usedforsecurity", NULL};
+    static _PyArg_Parser _parser = {
+        .keywords = _keywords,
+        .fname = "blake2s",
+        .kwtuple = KWTUPLE,
+    };
+    #undef KWTUPLE
+    PyObject *argsbuf[13];
+    PyObject * const *fastargs;
+    Py_ssize_t nargs = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(args);
+    Py_ssize_t noptargs = nargs + (kwargs ? PyDict_GET_SIZE(kwargs) : 0) - 0;
+    PyObject *data = NULL;
+    int digest_size = HACL_HASH_BLAKE2S_OUT_BYTES;
+    Py_buffer key = {NULL, NULL};
+    Py_buffer salt = {NULL, NULL};
+    Py_buffer person = {NULL, NULL};
+    int fanout = 1;
+    int depth = 1;
+    unsigned long leaf_size = 0;
+    unsigned long long node_offset = 0;
+    int node_depth = 0;
+    int inner_size = 0;
+    int last_node = 0;
+    int usedforsecurity = 1;
+
+    fastargs = _PyArg_UnpackKeywords(_PyTuple_CAST(args)->ob_item, nargs, kwargs, NULL, &_parser, 0, 1, 0, argsbuf);
+    if (!fastargs) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (nargs < 1) {
+        goto skip_optional_posonly;
+    }
+    noptargs--;
+    data = fastargs[0];
+skip_optional_posonly:
+    if (!noptargs) {
+        goto skip_optional_kwonly;
+    }
+    if (fastargs[1]) {
+        digest_size = PyLong_AsInt(fastargs[1]);
+        if (digest_size == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        if (!--noptargs) {
+            goto skip_optional_kwonly;
+        }
+    }
+    if (fastargs[2]) {
+        if (PyObject_GetBuffer(fastargs[2], &key, PyBUF_SIMPLE) != 0) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        if (!--noptargs) {
+            goto skip_optional_kwonly;
+        }
+    }
+    if (fastargs[3]) {
+        if (PyObject_GetBuffer(fastargs[3], &salt, PyBUF_SIMPLE) != 0) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        if (!--noptargs) {
+            goto skip_optional_kwonly;
+        }
+    }
+    if (fastargs[4]) {
+        if (PyObject_GetBuffer(fastargs[4], &person, PyBUF_SIMPLE) != 0) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        if (!--noptargs) {
+            goto skip_optional_kwonly;
+        }
+    }
+    if (fastargs[5]) {
+        fanout = PyLong_AsInt(fastargs[5]);
+        if (fanout == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        if (!--noptargs) {
+            goto skip_optional_kwonly;
+        }
+    }
+    if (fastargs[6]) {
+        depth = PyLong_AsInt(fastargs[6]);
+        if (depth == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        if (!--noptargs) {
+            goto skip_optional_kwonly;
+        }
+    }
+    if (fastargs[7]) {
+        if (!_PyLong_UnsignedLong_Converter(fastargs[7], &leaf_size)) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        if (!--noptargs) {
+            goto skip_optional_kwonly;
+        }
+    }
+    if (fastargs[8]) {
+        if (!_PyLong_UnsignedLongLong_Converter(fastargs[8], &node_offset)) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        if (!--noptargs) {
+            goto skip_optional_kwonly;
+        }
+    }
+    if (fastargs[9]) {
+        node_depth = PyLong_AsInt(fastargs[9]);
+        if (node_depth == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        if (!--noptargs) {
+            goto skip_optional_kwonly;
+        }
+    }
+    if (fastargs[10]) {
+        inner_size = PyLong_AsInt(fastargs[10]);
+        if (inner_size == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        if (!--noptargs) {
+            goto skip_optional_kwonly;
+        }
+    }
+    if (fastargs[11]) {
+        last_node = PyObject_IsTrue(fastargs[11]);
+        if (last_node < 0) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        if (!--noptargs) {
+            goto skip_optional_kwonly;
+        }
+    }
+    usedforsecurity = PyObject_IsTrue(fastargs[12]);
+    if (usedforsecurity < 0) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+skip_optional_kwonly:
+    return_value = py_blake2s_new_impl(type, data, digest_size, &key, &salt, &person, fanout, depth, leaf_size, node_offset, node_depth, inner_size, last_node, usedforsecurity);
+
+exit:
+    /* Cleanup for key */
+    if (key.obj) {
+       PyBuffer_Release(&key);
+    }
+    /* Cleanup for salt */
+    if (salt.obj) {
+       PyBuffer_Release(&salt);
+    }
+    /* Cleanup for person */
+    if (person.obj) {
+       PyBuffer_Release(&person);
+    }
+
+    return return_value;
+}
+
 PyDoc_STRVAR(_blake2_blake2b_copy__doc__,
 "copy($self, /)\n"
 "--\n"
@@ -213,10 +407,10 @@ PyDoc_STRVAR(_blake2_blake2b_copy__doc__,
     {"copy", (PyCFunction)_blake2_blake2b_copy, METH_NOARGS, _blake2_blake2b_copy__doc__},
 
 static PyObject *
-_blake2_blake2b_copy_impl(BLAKE2bObject *self);
+_blake2_blake2b_copy_impl(Blake2Object *self);
 
 static PyObject *
-_blake2_blake2b_copy(BLAKE2bObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
+_blake2_blake2b_copy(Blake2Object *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
     return _blake2_blake2b_copy_impl(self);
 }
@@ -240,10 +434,10 @@ PyDoc_STRVAR(_blake2_blake2b_digest__doc__,
     {"digest", (PyCFunction)_blake2_blake2b_digest, METH_NOARGS, _blake2_blake2b_digest__doc__},
 
 static PyObject *
-_blake2_blake2b_digest_impl(BLAKE2bObject *self);
+_blake2_blake2b_digest_impl(Blake2Object *self);
 
 static PyObject *
-_blake2_blake2b_digest(BLAKE2bObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
+_blake2_blake2b_digest(Blake2Object *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
     return _blake2_blake2b_digest_impl(self);
 }
@@ -258,11 +452,11 @@ PyDoc_STRVAR(_blake2_blake2b_hexdigest__doc__,
     {"hexdigest", (PyCFunction)_blake2_blake2b_hexdigest, METH_NOARGS, _blake2_blake2b_hexdigest__doc__},
 
 static PyObject *
-_blake2_blake2b_hexdigest_impl(BLAKE2bObject *self);
+_blake2_blake2b_hexdigest_impl(Blake2Object *self);
 
 static PyObject *
-_blake2_blake2b_hexdigest(BLAKE2bObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
+_blake2_blake2b_hexdigest(Blake2Object *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
     return _blake2_blake2b_hexdigest_impl(self);
 }
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=e18eeaee40623bfc input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=d1a351f44e20e273 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff --git a/Modules/clinic/cmathmodule.c.h b/Modules/clinic/cmathmodule.c.h
index b709204af1d959..50745fd4f407a3 100644
--- a/Modules/clinic/cmathmodule.c.h
+++ b/Modules/clinic/cmathmodule.c.h
@@ -908,7 +908,7 @@ cmath_isclose(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObjec
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(a), &_Py_ID(b), &_Py_ID(rel_tol), &_Py_ID(abs_tol), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('a'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('b'), &_Py_ID(rel_tol), &_Py_ID(abs_tol), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -982,4 +982,4 @@ cmath_isclose(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObjec
 exit:
     return return_value;
 }
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=364093af55bfe53f input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=454309b21cfa9bf6 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff --git a/Modules/clinic/itertoolsmodule.c.h b/Modules/clinic/itertoolsmodule.c.h
index 3ec479943a83d4..050c21460d79d7 100644
--- a/Modules/clinic/itertoolsmodule.c.h
+++ b/Modules/clinic/itertoolsmodule.c.h
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ batched_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(iterable), &_Py_ID(n), &_Py_ID(strict), },
+        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(iterable), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('n'), &_Py_ID(strict), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -509,7 +509,7 @@ itertools_combinations(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(iterable), &_Py_ID(r), },
+        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(iterable), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('r'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -580,7 +580,7 @@ itertools_combinations_with_replacement(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyOb
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(iterable), &_Py_ID(r), },
+        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(iterable), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('r'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -650,7 +650,7 @@ itertools_permutations(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(iterable), &_Py_ID(r), },
+        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(iterable), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('r'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -928,4 +928,4 @@ itertools_count(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
 exit:
     return return_value;
 }
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=c6a515f765da86b5 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=7b13be3075f2d6d3 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff --git a/Modules/clinic/mathmodule.c.h b/Modules/clinic/mathmodule.c.h
index 666b6b3790dae5..81eec310ddb21d 100644
--- a/Modules/clinic/mathmodule.c.h
+++ b/Modules/clinic/mathmodule.c.h
@@ -34,9 +34,9 @@ PyDoc_STRVAR(math_fsum__doc__,
 "fsum($module, seq, /)\n"
 "--\n"
 "\n"
-"Return an accurate floating point sum of values in the iterable seq.\n"
+"Return an accurate floating-point sum of values in the iterable seq.\n"
 "\n"
-"Assumes IEEE-754 floating point arithmetic.");
+"Assumes IEEE-754 floating-point arithmetic.");
 
 #define MATH_FSUM_METHODDEF    \
     {"fsum", (PyCFunction)math_fsum, METH_O, math_fsum__doc__},
@@ -610,7 +610,7 @@ PyDoc_STRVAR(math_isclose__doc__,
 "isclose($module, /, a, b, *, rel_tol=1e-09, abs_tol=0.0)\n"
 "--\n"
 "\n"
-"Determine whether two floating point numbers are close in value.\n"
+"Determine whether two floating-point numbers are close in value.\n"
 "\n"
 "  rel_tol\n"
 "    maximum difference for being considered \"close\", relative to the\n"
@@ -648,7 +648,7 @@ math_isclose(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObject
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(a), &_Py_ID(b), &_Py_ID(rel_tol), &_Py_ID(abs_tol), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('a'), _Py_LATIN1_CHR('b'), &_Py_ID(rel_tol), &_Py_ID(abs_tol), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -1011,4 +1011,4 @@ math_ulp(PyObject *module, PyObject *arg)
 exit:
     return return_value;
 }
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=9fe3f007f474e015 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=755da3b1dbd9e45f input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff --git a/Modules/clinic/posixmodule.c.h b/Modules/clinic/posixmodule.c.h
index 69fc178331c09c..1857fca736ef20 100644
--- a/Modules/clinic/posixmodule.c.h
+++ b/Modules/clinic/posixmodule.c.h
@@ -2015,25 +2015,55 @@ os__path_splitroot(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, Py
 #if defined(MS_WINDOWS)
 
 PyDoc_STRVAR(os__path_exists__doc__,
-"_path_exists($module, path, /)\n"
+"_path_exists($module, /, path)\n"
 "--\n"
 "\n"
 "Test whether a path exists.  Returns False for broken symbolic links.");
 
 #define OS__PATH_EXISTS_METHODDEF    \
-    {"_path_exists", (PyCFunction)os__path_exists, METH_O, os__path_exists__doc__},
+    {"_path_exists", _PyCFunction_CAST(os__path_exists), METH_FASTCALL|METH_KEYWORDS, os__path_exists__doc__},
 
 static int
 os__path_exists_impl(PyObject *module, path_t *path);
 
 static PyObject *
-os__path_exists(PyObject *module, PyObject *arg)
+os__path_exists(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObject *kwnames)
 {
     PyObject *return_value = NULL;
+    #if defined(Py_BUILD_CORE) && !defined(Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE)
+
+    #define NUM_KEYWORDS 1
+    static struct {
+        PyGC_Head _this_is_not_used;
+        PyObject_VAR_HEAD
+        PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
+    } _kwtuple = {
+        .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
+        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(path), },
+    };
+    #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
+    #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
+
+    #else  // !Py_BUILD_CORE
+    #  define KWTUPLE NULL
+    #endif  // !Py_BUILD_CORE
+
+    static const char * const _keywords[] = {"path", NULL};
+    static _PyArg_Parser _parser = {
+        .keywords = _keywords,
+        .fname = "_path_exists",
+        .kwtuple = KWTUPLE,
+    };
+    #undef KWTUPLE
+    PyObject *argsbuf[1];
     path_t path = PATH_T_INITIALIZE_P("_path_exists", "path", 0, 0, 1, 1);
     int _return_value;
 
-    if (!path_converter(arg, &path)) {
+    args = _PyArg_UnpackKeywords(args, nargs, NULL, kwnames, &_parser, 1, 1, 0, argsbuf);
+    if (!args) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!path_converter(args[0], &path)) {
         goto exit;
     }
     _return_value = os__path_exists_impl(module, &path);
@@ -2054,25 +2084,55 @@ os__path_exists(PyObject *module, PyObject *arg)
 #if defined(MS_WINDOWS)
 
 PyDoc_STRVAR(os__path_lexists__doc__,
-"_path_lexists($module, path, /)\n"
+"_path_lexists($module, /, path)\n"
 "--\n"
 "\n"
 "Test whether a path exists.  Returns True for broken symbolic links.");
 
 #define OS__PATH_LEXISTS_METHODDEF    \
-    {"_path_lexists", (PyCFunction)os__path_lexists, METH_O, os__path_lexists__doc__},
+    {"_path_lexists", _PyCFunction_CAST(os__path_lexists), METH_FASTCALL|METH_KEYWORDS, os__path_lexists__doc__},
 
 static int
 os__path_lexists_impl(PyObject *module, path_t *path);
 
 static PyObject *
-os__path_lexists(PyObject *module, PyObject *arg)
+os__path_lexists(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObject *kwnames)
 {
     PyObject *return_value = NULL;
+    #if defined(Py_BUILD_CORE) && !defined(Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE)
+
+    #define NUM_KEYWORDS 1
+    static struct {
+        PyGC_Head _this_is_not_used;
+        PyObject_VAR_HEAD
+        PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
+    } _kwtuple = {
+        .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
+        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(path), },
+    };
+    #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
+    #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
+
+    #else  // !Py_BUILD_CORE
+    #  define KWTUPLE NULL
+    #endif  // !Py_BUILD_CORE
+
+    static const char * const _keywords[] = {"path", NULL};
+    static _PyArg_Parser _parser = {
+        .keywords = _keywords,
+        .fname = "_path_lexists",
+        .kwtuple = KWTUPLE,
+    };
+    #undef KWTUPLE
+    PyObject *argsbuf[1];
     path_t path = PATH_T_INITIALIZE_P("_path_lexists", "path", 0, 0, 1, 1);
     int _return_value;
 
-    if (!path_converter(arg, &path)) {
+    args = _PyArg_UnpackKeywords(args, nargs, NULL, kwnames, &_parser, 1, 1, 0, argsbuf);
+    if (!args) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!path_converter(args[0], &path)) {
         goto exit;
     }
     _return_value = os__path_lexists_impl(module, &path);
@@ -2117,7 +2177,7 @@ os__path_isdir(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObje
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(s), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('s'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -2367,7 +2427,7 @@ os__path_isjunction(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, P
 #endif /* defined(MS_WINDOWS) */
 
 PyDoc_STRVAR(os__path_splitroot_ex__doc__,
-"_path_splitroot_ex($module, /, path)\n"
+"_path_splitroot_ex($module, /, p)\n"
 "--\n"
 "\n"
 "Split a pathname into drive, root and tail.\n"
@@ -2393,7 +2453,7 @@ os__path_splitroot_ex(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs,
         PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
     } _kwtuple = {
         .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
-        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(path), },
+        .ob_item = { _Py_LATIN1_CHR('p'), },
     };
     #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
     #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
@@ -2402,7 +2462,7 @@ os__path_splitroot_ex(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs,
     #  define KWTUPLE NULL
     #endif  // !Py_BUILD_CORE
 
-    static const char * const _keywords[] = {"path", NULL};
+    static const char * const _keywords[] = {"p", NULL};
     static _PyArg_Parser _parser = {
         .keywords = _keywords,
         .fname = "_path_splitroot_ex",
@@ -4344,7 +4404,8 @@ os_sched_getscheduler(PyObject *module, PyObject *arg)
     PyObject *return_value = NULL;
     pid_t pid;
 
-    if (!PyArg_Parse(arg, "" _Py_PARSE_PID ":sched_getscheduler", &pid)) {
+    pid = PyLong_AsPid(arg);
+    if (pid == (pid_t)(-1) && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = os_sched_getscheduler_impl(module, pid);
@@ -4442,10 +4503,18 @@ os_sched_setscheduler(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     int policy;
     PyObject *param_obj;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "" _Py_PARSE_PID "iO:sched_setscheduler",
-        &pid, &policy, &param_obj)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("sched_setscheduler", nargs, 3, 3)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    pid = PyLong_AsPid(args[0]);
+    if (pid == (pid_t)(-1) && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    policy = PyLong_AsInt(args[1]);
+    if (policy == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    param_obj = args[2];
     return_value = os_sched_setscheduler_impl(module, pid, policy, param_obj);
 
 exit:
@@ -4477,7 +4546,8 @@ os_sched_getparam(PyObject *module, PyObject *arg)
     PyObject *return_value = NULL;
     pid_t pid;
 
-    if (!PyArg_Parse(arg, "" _Py_PARSE_PID ":sched_getparam", &pid)) {
+    pid = PyLong_AsPid(arg);
+    if (pid == (pid_t)(-1) && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = os_sched_getparam_impl(module, pid);
@@ -4512,10 +4582,14 @@ os_sched_setparam(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     pid_t pid;
     PyObject *param_obj;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "" _Py_PARSE_PID "O:sched_setparam",
-        &pid, &param_obj)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("sched_setparam", nargs, 2, 2)) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    pid = PyLong_AsPid(args[0]);
+    if (pid == (pid_t)(-1) && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    param_obj = args[1];
     return_value = os_sched_setparam_impl(module, pid, param_obj);
 
 exit:
@@ -4547,7 +4621,8 @@ os_sched_rr_get_interval(PyObject *module, PyObject *arg)
     pid_t pid;
     double _return_value;
 
-    if (!PyArg_Parse(arg, "" _Py_PARSE_PID ":sched_rr_get_interval", &pid)) {
+    pid = PyLong_AsPid(arg);
+    if (pid == (pid_t)(-1) && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
     _return_value = os_sched_rr_get_interval_impl(module, pid);
@@ -4607,10 +4682,14 @@ os_sched_setaffinity(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     pid_t pid;
     PyObject *mask;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "" _Py_PARSE_PID "O:sched_setaffinity",
-        &pid, &mask)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("sched_setaffinity", nargs, 2, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    pid = PyLong_AsPid(args[0]);
+    if (pid == (pid_t)(-1) && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    mask = args[1];
     return_value = os_sched_setaffinity_impl(module, pid, mask);
 
 exit:
@@ -4641,7 +4720,8 @@ os_sched_getaffinity(PyObject *module, PyObject *arg)
     PyObject *return_value = NULL;
     pid_t pid;
 
-    if (!PyArg_Parse(arg, "" _Py_PARSE_PID ":sched_getaffinity", &pid)) {
+    pid = PyLong_AsPid(arg);
+    if (pid == (pid_t)(-1) && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = os_sched_getaffinity_impl(module, pid);
@@ -5240,14 +5320,19 @@ os_getpgid(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObject *
     static const char * const _keywords[] = {"pid", NULL};
     static _PyArg_Parser _parser = {
         .keywords = _keywords,
-        .format = "" _Py_PARSE_PID ":getpgid",
+        .fname = "getpgid",
         .kwtuple = KWTUPLE,
     };
     #undef KWTUPLE
+    PyObject *argsbuf[1];
     pid_t pid;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStackAndKeywords(args, nargs, kwnames, &_parser,
-        &pid)) {
+    args = _PyArg_UnpackKeywords(args, nargs, NULL, kwnames, &_parser, 1, 1, 0, argsbuf);
+    if (!args) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    pid = PyLong_AsPid(args[0]);
+    if (pid == (pid_t)(-1) && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = os_getpgid_impl(module, pid);
@@ -5392,10 +5477,25 @@ os_kill(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     pid_t pid;
     Py_ssize_t signal;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "" _Py_PARSE_PID "n:kill",
-        &pid, &signal)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("kill", nargs, 2, 2)) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    pid = PyLong_AsPid(args[0]);
+    if (pid == (pid_t)(-1) && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    {
+        Py_ssize_t ival = -1;
+        PyObject *iobj = _PyNumber_Index(args[1]);
+        if (iobj != NULL) {
+            ival = PyLong_AsSsize_t(iobj);
+            Py_DECREF(iobj);
+        }
+        if (ival == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        signal = ival;
+    }
     return_value = os_kill_impl(module, pid, signal);
 
 exit:
@@ -5425,8 +5525,15 @@ os_killpg(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     pid_t pgid;
     int signal;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "" _Py_PARSE_PID "i:killpg",
-        &pgid, &signal)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("killpg", nargs, 2, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    pgid = PyLong_AsPid(args[0]);
+    if (pgid == (pid_t)(-1) && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    signal = PyLong_AsInt(args[1]);
+    if (signal == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = os_killpg_impl(module, pgid, signal);
@@ -5789,15 +5896,24 @@ os_wait4(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObject *kw
     static const char * const _keywords[] = {"pid", "options", NULL};
     static _PyArg_Parser _parser = {
         .keywords = _keywords,
-        .format = "" _Py_PARSE_PID "i:wait4",
+        .fname = "wait4",
         .kwtuple = KWTUPLE,
     };
     #undef KWTUPLE
+    PyObject *argsbuf[2];
     pid_t pid;
     int options;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStackAndKeywords(args, nargs, kwnames, &_parser,
-        &pid, &options)) {
+    args = _PyArg_UnpackKeywords(args, nargs, NULL, kwnames, &_parser, 2, 2, 0, argsbuf);
+    if (!args) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    pid = PyLong_AsPid(args[0]);
+    if (pid == (pid_t)(-1) && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    options = PyLong_AsInt(args[1]);
+    if (options == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = os_wait4_impl(module, pid, options);
@@ -5841,8 +5957,18 @@ os_waitid(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     id_t id;
     int options;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "i" _Py_PARSE_PID "i:waitid",
-        &idtype, &id, &options)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("waitid", nargs, 3, 3)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!idtype_t_converter(args[0], &idtype)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    id = (id_t)PyLong_AsPid(args[1]);
+    if (id == (id_t)(-1) && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    options = PyLong_AsInt(args[2]);
+    if (options == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = os_waitid_impl(module, idtype, id, options);
@@ -5879,8 +6005,15 @@ os_waitpid(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     pid_t pid;
     int options;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "" _Py_PARSE_PID "i:waitpid",
-        &pid, &options)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("waitpid", nargs, 2, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    pid = PyLong_AsPid(args[0]);
+    if (pid == (pid_t)(-1) && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    options = PyLong_AsInt(args[1]);
+    if (options == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = os_waitpid_impl(module, pid, options);
@@ -5917,8 +6050,15 @@ os_waitpid(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     intptr_t pid;
     int options;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "" _Py_PARSE_INTPTR "i:waitpid",
-        &pid, &options)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("waitpid", nargs, 2, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    pid = (intptr_t)PyLong_AsVoidPtr(args[0]);
+    if (!pid && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    options = PyLong_AsInt(args[1]);
+    if (options == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = os_waitpid_impl(module, pid, options);
@@ -5954,7 +6094,7 @@ os_wait(PyObject *module, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 
 #endif /* defined(HAVE_WAIT) */
 
-#if (defined(__linux__) && defined(__NR_pidfd_open))
+#if (defined(__linux__) && defined(__NR_pidfd_open) && !(defined(__ANDROID__) && __ANDROID_API__ < 31))
 
 PyDoc_STRVAR(os_pidfd_open__doc__,
 "pidfd_open($module, /, pid, flags=0)\n"
@@ -5996,24 +6136,37 @@ os_pidfd_open(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObjec
     static const char * const _keywords[] = {"pid", "flags", NULL};
     static _PyArg_Parser _parser = {
         .keywords = _keywords,
-        .format = "" _Py_PARSE_PID "|O&:pidfd_open",
+        .fname = "pidfd_open",
         .kwtuple = KWTUPLE,
     };
     #undef KWTUPLE
+    PyObject *argsbuf[2];
+    Py_ssize_t noptargs = nargs + (kwnames ? PyTuple_GET_SIZE(kwnames) : 0) - 1;
     pid_t pid;
     unsigned int flags = 0;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStackAndKeywords(args, nargs, kwnames, &_parser,
-        &pid, _PyLong_UnsignedInt_Converter, &flags)) {
+    args = _PyArg_UnpackKeywords(args, nargs, NULL, kwnames, &_parser, 1, 2, 0, argsbuf);
+    if (!args) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    pid = PyLong_AsPid(args[0]);
+    if (pid == (pid_t)(-1) && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!noptargs) {
+        goto skip_optional_pos;
+    }
+    if (!_PyLong_UnsignedInt_Converter(args[1], &flags)) {
         goto exit;
     }
+skip_optional_pos:
     return_value = os_pidfd_open_impl(module, pid, flags);
 
 exit:
     return return_value;
 }
 
-#endif /* (defined(__linux__) && defined(__NR_pidfd_open)) */
+#endif /* (defined(__linux__) && defined(__NR_pidfd_open) && !(defined(__ANDROID__) && __ANDROID_API__ < 31)) */
 
 #if defined(HAVE_SETNS)
 
@@ -6348,7 +6501,7 @@ PyDoc_STRVAR(os_times__doc__,
 "\n"
 "The object returned behaves like a named tuple with these fields:\n"
 "  (utime, stime, cutime, cstime, elapsed_time)\n"
-"All fields are floating point numbers.");
+"All fields are floating-point numbers.");
 
 #define OS_TIMES_METHODDEF    \
     {"times", (PyCFunction)os_times, METH_NOARGS, os_times__doc__},
@@ -6756,7 +6909,8 @@ os_getsid(PyObject *module, PyObject *arg)
     PyObject *return_value = NULL;
     pid_t pid;
 
-    if (!PyArg_Parse(arg, "" _Py_PARSE_PID ":getsid", &pid)) {
+    pid = PyLong_AsPid(arg);
+    if (pid == (pid_t)(-1) && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = os_getsid_impl(module, pid);
@@ -6810,8 +6964,15 @@ os_setpgid(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     pid_t pid;
     pid_t pgrp;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "" _Py_PARSE_PID "" _Py_PARSE_PID ":setpgid",
-        &pid, &pgrp)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("setpgid", nargs, 2, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    pid = PyLong_AsPid(args[0]);
+    if (pid == (pid_t)(-1) && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    pgrp = PyLong_AsPid(args[1]);
+    if (pgrp == (pid_t)(-1) && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = os_setpgid_impl(module, pid, pgrp);
@@ -6875,8 +7036,15 @@ os_tcsetpgrp(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     int fd;
     pid_t pgid;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "i" _Py_PARSE_PID ":tcsetpgrp",
-        &fd, &pgid)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("tcsetpgrp", nargs, 2, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    fd = PyLong_AsInt(args[0]);
+    if (fd == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    pgid = PyLong_AsPid(args[1]);
+    if (pgid == (pid_t)(-1) && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = os_tcsetpgrp_impl(module, fd, pgid);
@@ -11258,7 +11426,8 @@ os_get_handle_inheritable(PyObject *module, PyObject *arg)
     intptr_t handle;
     int _return_value;
 
-    if (!PyArg_Parse(arg, "" _Py_PARSE_INTPTR ":get_handle_inheritable", &handle)) {
+    handle = (intptr_t)PyLong_AsVoidPtr(arg);
+    if (!handle && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
     _return_value = os_get_handle_inheritable_impl(module, handle);
@@ -11295,8 +11464,15 @@ os_set_handle_inheritable(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t na
     intptr_t handle;
     int inheritable;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "" _Py_PARSE_INTPTR "p:set_handle_inheritable",
-        &handle, &inheritable)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("set_handle_inheritable", nargs, 2, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    handle = (intptr_t)PyLong_AsVoidPtr(args[0]);
+    if (!handle && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    inheritable = PyObject_IsTrue(args[1]);
+    if (inheritable < 0) {
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = os_set_handle_inheritable_impl(module, handle, inheritable);
@@ -12152,6 +12328,24 @@ os__is_inputhook_installed(PyObject *module, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
     return os__is_inputhook_installed_impl(module);
 }
 
+PyDoc_STRVAR(os__create_environ__doc__,
+"_create_environ($module, /)\n"
+"--\n"
+"\n"
+"Create the environment dictionary.");
+
+#define OS__CREATE_ENVIRON_METHODDEF    \
+    {"_create_environ", (PyCFunction)os__create_environ, METH_NOARGS, os__create_environ__doc__},
+
+static PyObject *
+os__create_environ_impl(PyObject *module);
+
+static PyObject *
+os__create_environ(PyObject *module, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
+{
+    return os__create_environ_impl(module);
+}
+
 #ifndef OS_TTYNAME_METHODDEF
     #define OS_TTYNAME_METHODDEF
 #endif /* !defined(OS_TTYNAME_METHODDEF) */
@@ -12819,4 +13013,4 @@ os__is_inputhook_installed(PyObject *module, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 #ifndef OS__SUPPORTS_VIRTUAL_TERMINAL_METHODDEF
     #define OS__SUPPORTS_VIRTUAL_TERMINAL_METHODDEF
 #endif /* !defined(OS__SUPPORTS_VIRTUAL_TERMINAL_METHODDEF) */
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=faaa5e5ffb7b165d input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=9756767bdbdabe94 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff --git a/Modules/clinic/selectmodule.c.h b/Modules/clinic/selectmodule.c.h
index dc7d3fb814396d..49c0e48d2e0eac 100644
--- a/Modules/clinic/selectmodule.c.h
+++ b/Modules/clinic/selectmodule.c.h
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ preserve
 #  include "pycore_gc.h"          // PyGC_Head
 #  include "pycore_runtime.h"     // _Py_ID()
 #endif
+#include "pycore_critical_section.h"// Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION()
 #include "pycore_long.h"          // _PyLong_UnsignedShort_Converter()
 #include "pycore_modsupport.h"    // _PyArg_CheckPositional()
 
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ PyDoc_STRVAR(select_select__doc__,
 "gotten from a fileno() method call on one of those.\n"
 "\n"
 "The optional 4th argument specifies a timeout in seconds; it may be\n"
-"a floating point number to specify fractions of seconds.  If it is absent\n"
+"a floating-point number to specify fractions of seconds.  If it is absent\n"
 "or None, the call will never time out.\n"
 "\n"
 "The return value is a tuple of three lists corresponding to the first three\n"
@@ -110,7 +111,9 @@ select_poll_register(pollObject *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
         goto exit;
     }
 skip_optional:
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
     return_value = select_poll_register_impl(self, fd, eventmask);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
 
 exit:
     return return_value;
@@ -155,7 +158,9 @@ select_poll_modify(pollObject *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     if (!_PyLong_UnsignedShort_Converter(args[1], &eventmask)) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
     return_value = select_poll_modify_impl(self, fd, eventmask);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
 
 exit:
     return return_value;
@@ -187,7 +192,9 @@ select_poll_unregister(pollObject *self, PyObject *arg)
     if (fd < 0) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
     return_value = select_poll_unregister_impl(self, fd);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
 
 exit:
     return return_value;
@@ -230,7 +237,9 @@ select_poll_poll(pollObject *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     }
     timeout_obj = args[0];
 skip_optional:
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
     return_value = select_poll_poll_impl(self, timeout_obj);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
 
 exit:
     return return_value;
@@ -281,7 +290,9 @@ select_devpoll_register(devpollObject *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t n
         goto exit;
     }
 skip_optional:
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
     return_value = select_devpoll_register_impl(self, fd, eventmask);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
 
 exit:
     return return_value;
@@ -332,7 +343,9 @@ select_devpoll_modify(devpollObject *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nar
         goto exit;
     }
 skip_optional:
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
     return_value = select_devpoll_modify_impl(self, fd, eventmask);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
 
 exit:
     return return_value;
@@ -364,7 +377,9 @@ select_devpoll_unregister(devpollObject *self, PyObject *arg)
     if (fd < 0) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
     return_value = select_devpoll_unregister_impl(self, fd);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
 
 exit:
     return return_value;
@@ -407,7 +422,9 @@ select_devpoll_poll(devpollObject *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs
     }
     timeout_obj = args[0];
 skip_optional:
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
     return_value = select_devpoll_poll_impl(self, timeout_obj);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
 
 exit:
     return return_value;
@@ -434,7 +451,13 @@ select_devpoll_close_impl(devpollObject *self);
 static PyObject *
 select_devpoll_close(devpollObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
-    return select_devpoll_close_impl(self);
+    PyObject *return_value = NULL;
+
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
+    return_value = select_devpoll_close_impl(self);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+
+    return return_value;
 }
 
 #endif /* (defined(HAVE_POLL) && !defined(HAVE_BROKEN_POLL)) && defined(HAVE_SYS_DEVPOLL_H) */
@@ -456,7 +479,13 @@ select_devpoll_fileno_impl(devpollObject *self);
 static PyObject *
 select_devpoll_fileno(devpollObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
-    return select_devpoll_fileno_impl(self);
+    PyObject *return_value = NULL;
+
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
+    return_value = select_devpoll_fileno_impl(self);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+
+    return return_value;
 }
 
 #endif /* (defined(HAVE_POLL) && !defined(HAVE_BROKEN_POLL)) && defined(HAVE_SYS_DEVPOLL_H) */
@@ -615,7 +644,13 @@ select_epoll_close_impl(pyEpoll_Object *self);
 static PyObject *
 select_epoll_close(pyEpoll_Object *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
-    return select_epoll_close_impl(self);
+    PyObject *return_value = NULL;
+
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
+    return_value = select_epoll_close_impl(self);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+
+    return return_value;
 }
 
 #endif /* defined(HAVE_EPOLL) */
@@ -1108,7 +1143,13 @@ select_kqueue_close_impl(kqueue_queue_Object *self);
 static PyObject *
 select_kqueue_close(kqueue_queue_Object *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
-    return select_kqueue_close_impl(self);
+    PyObject *return_value = NULL;
+
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
+    return_value = select_kqueue_close_impl(self);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+
+    return return_value;
 }
 
 #endif /* defined(HAVE_KQUEUE) */
@@ -1319,4 +1360,4 @@ select_kqueue_control(kqueue_queue_Object *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize
 #ifndef SELECT_KQUEUE_CONTROL_METHODDEF
     #define SELECT_KQUEUE_CONTROL_METHODDEF
 #endif /* !defined(SELECT_KQUEUE_CONTROL_METHODDEF) */
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=4fc17ae9b6cfdc86 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=f99427b75cbe6d44 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff --git a/Modules/clinic/signalmodule.c.h b/Modules/clinic/signalmodule.c.h
index d074cc30d1e746..986c0289f2bfcb 100644
--- a/Modules/clinic/signalmodule.c.h
+++ b/Modules/clinic/signalmodule.c.h
@@ -597,7 +597,7 @@ PyDoc_STRVAR(signal_sigtimedwait__doc__,
 "\n"
 "Like sigwaitinfo(), but with a timeout.\n"
 "\n"
-"The timeout is specified in seconds, with floating point numbers allowed.");
+"The timeout is specified in seconds, with floating-point numbers allowed.");
 
 #define SIGNAL_SIGTIMEDWAIT_METHODDEF    \
     {"sigtimedwait", _PyCFunction_CAST(signal_sigtimedwait), METH_FASTCALL, signal_sigtimedwait__doc__},
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ signal_pthread_kill(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
 
 #endif /* defined(HAVE_PTHREAD_KILL) */
 
-#if (defined(__linux__) && defined(__NR_pidfd_send_signal))
+#if (defined(__linux__) && defined(__NR_pidfd_send_signal) && !(defined(__ANDROID__) && __ANDROID_API__ < 31))
 
 PyDoc_STRVAR(signal_pidfd_send_signal__doc__,
 "pidfd_send_signal($module, pidfd, signalnum, siginfo=None, flags=0, /)\n"
@@ -723,7 +723,7 @@ signal_pidfd_send_signal(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nar
     return return_value;
 }
 
-#endif /* (defined(__linux__) && defined(__NR_pidfd_send_signal)) */
+#endif /* (defined(__linux__) && defined(__NR_pidfd_send_signal) && !(defined(__ANDROID__) && __ANDROID_API__ < 31)) */
 
 #ifndef SIGNAL_ALARM_METHODDEF
     #define SIGNAL_ALARM_METHODDEF
@@ -776,4 +776,4 @@ signal_pidfd_send_signal(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nar
 #ifndef SIGNAL_PIDFD_SEND_SIGNAL_METHODDEF
     #define SIGNAL_PIDFD_SEND_SIGNAL_METHODDEF
 #endif /* !defined(SIGNAL_PIDFD_SEND_SIGNAL_METHODDEF) */
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=1c11c1b6f12f26be input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=c57b4b98fad6f4b8 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff --git a/Modules/clinic/socketmodule.c.h b/Modules/clinic/socketmodule.c.h
index 3f4056efff2fec..7b0a3f8d4b1cc6 100644
--- a/Modules/clinic/socketmodule.c.h
+++ b/Modules/clinic/socketmodule.c.h
@@ -6,8 +6,35 @@ preserve
 #  include "pycore_gc.h"          // PyGC_Head
 #  include "pycore_runtime.h"     // _Py_ID()
 #endif
+#include "pycore_critical_section.h"// Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION()
 #include "pycore_modsupport.h"    // _PyArg_UnpackKeywords()
 
+PyDoc_STRVAR(_socket_socket_close__doc__,
+"close($self, /)\n"
+"--\n"
+"\n"
+"close()\n"
+"\n"
+"Close the socket.  It cannot be used after this call.");
+
+#define _SOCKET_SOCKET_CLOSE_METHODDEF    \
+    {"close", (PyCFunction)_socket_socket_close, METH_NOARGS, _socket_socket_close__doc__},
+
+static PyObject *
+_socket_socket_close_impl(PySocketSockObject *s);
+
+static PyObject *
+_socket_socket_close(PySocketSockObject *s, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
+{
+    PyObject *return_value = NULL;
+
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(s);
+    return_value = _socket_socket_close_impl(s);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+
+    return return_value;
+}
+
 static int
 sock_initobj_impl(PySocketSockObject *self, int family, int type, int proto,
                   PyObject *fdobj);
@@ -259,4 +286,4 @@ _socket_socket_if_nametoindex(PySocketSockObject *self, PyObject *arg)
 #ifndef _SOCKET_SOCKET_IF_NAMETOINDEX_METHODDEF
     #define _SOCKET_SOCKET_IF_NAMETOINDEX_METHODDEF
 #endif /* !defined(_SOCKET_SOCKET_IF_NAMETOINDEX_METHODDEF) */
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=eb37b5d88a1e4661 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=6037e47b012911c5 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff --git a/Modules/cmathmodule.c b/Modules/cmathmodule.c
index bf86a211bcb188..e07c2dbd262354 100644
--- a/Modules/cmathmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/cmathmodule.c
@@ -185,15 +185,8 @@ cmath_acos_impl(PyObject *module, Py_complex z)
     if (fabs(z.real) > CM_LARGE_DOUBLE || fabs(z.imag) > CM_LARGE_DOUBLE) {
         /* avoid unnecessary overflow for large arguments */
         r.real = atan2(fabs(z.imag), z.real);
-        /* split into cases to make sure that the branch cut has the
-           correct continuity on systems with unsigned zeros */
-        if (z.real < 0.) {
-            r.imag = -copysign(log(hypot(z.real/2., z.imag/2.)) +
-                               M_LN2*2., z.imag);
-        } else {
-            r.imag = copysign(log(hypot(z.real/2., z.imag/2.)) +
-                              M_LN2*2., -z.imag);
-        }
+        r.imag = -copysign(log(hypot(z.real/2., z.imag/2.)) +
+                           M_LN2*2., z.imag);
     } else {
         s1.real = 1.-z.real;
         s1.imag = -z.imag;
@@ -324,36 +317,6 @@ cmath_atan_impl(PyObject *module, Py_complex z)
     return r;
 }
 
-/* Windows screws up atan2 for inf and nan, and alpha Tru64 5.1 doesn't follow
-   C99 for atan2(0., 0.). */
-static double
-c_atan2(Py_complex z)
-{
-    if (isnan(z.real) || isnan(z.imag))
-        return Py_NAN;
-    if (isinf(z.imag)) {
-        if (isinf(z.real)) {
-            if (copysign(1., z.real) == 1.)
-                /* atan2(+-inf, +inf) == +-pi/4 */
-                return copysign(0.25*Py_MATH_PI, z.imag);
-            else
-                /* atan2(+-inf, -inf) == +-pi*3/4 */
-                return copysign(0.75*Py_MATH_PI, z.imag);
-        }
-        /* atan2(+-inf, x) == +-pi/2 for finite x */
-        return copysign(0.5*Py_MATH_PI, z.imag);
-    }
-    if (isinf(z.real) || z.imag == 0.) {
-        if (copysign(1., z.real) == 1.)
-            /* atan2(+-y, +inf) = atan2(+-0, +x) = +-0. */
-            return copysign(0., z.imag);
-        else
-            /* atan2(+-y, -inf) = atan2(+-0., -x) = +-pi. */
-            return copysign(Py_MATH_PI, z.imag);
-    }
-    return atan2(z.imag, z.real);
-}
-
 
 static Py_complex atanh_special_values[7][7];
 
@@ -386,11 +349,7 @@ cmath_atanh_impl(PyObject *module, Py_complex z)
         */
         h = hypot(z.real/2., z.imag/2.);  /* safe from overflow */
         r.real = z.real/4./h/h;
-        /* the two negations in the next line cancel each other out
-           except when working with unsigned zeros: they're there to
-           ensure that the branch cut has the correct continuity on
-           systems that don't support signed zeros */
-        r.imag = -copysign(Py_MATH_PI/2., -z.imag);
+        r.imag = copysign(Py_MATH_PI/2., z.imag);
         errno = 0;
     } else if (z.real == 1. && ay < CM_SQRT_DBL_MIN) {
         /* C99 standard says:  atanh(1+/-0.) should be inf +/- 0i */
@@ -966,7 +925,7 @@ cmath_phase_impl(PyObject *module, Py_complex z)
     double phi;
 
     errno = 0;
-    phi = c_atan2(z); /* should not cause any exception */
+    phi = atan2(z.imag, z.real); /* should not cause any exception */
     if (errno != 0)
         return math_error();
     else
@@ -991,7 +950,7 @@ cmath_polar_impl(PyObject *module, Py_complex z)
     double r, phi;
 
     errno = 0;
-    phi = c_atan2(z); /* should not cause any exception */
+    phi = atan2(z.imag, z.real); /* should not cause any exception */
     r = _Py_c_abs(z); /* sets errno to ERANGE on overflow */
     if (errno != 0)
         return math_error();
@@ -1259,8 +1218,8 @@ cmath_exec(PyObject *mod)
     INIT_SPECIAL_VALUES(acosh_special_values, {
       C(INF,-P34) C(INF,-P)  C(INF,-P)  C(INF,P)  C(INF,P)  C(INF,P34) C(INF,N)
       C(INF,-P12) C(U,U)     C(U,U)     C(U,U)    C(U,U)    C(INF,P12) C(N,N)
-      C(INF,-P12) C(U,U)     C(0.,-P12) C(0.,P12) C(U,U)    C(INF,P12) C(N,N)
-      C(INF,-P12) C(U,U)     C(0.,-P12) C(0.,P12) C(U,U)    C(INF,P12) C(N,N)
+      C(INF,-P12) C(U,U)     C(0.,-P12) C(0.,P12) C(U,U)    C(INF,P12) C(N,P12)
+      C(INF,-P12) C(U,U)     C(0.,-P12) C(0.,P12) C(U,U)    C(INF,P12) C(N,P12)
       C(INF,-P12) C(U,U)     C(U,U)     C(U,U)    C(U,U)    C(INF,P12) C(N,N)
       C(INF,-P14) C(INF,-0.) C(INF,-0.) C(INF,0.) C(INF,0.) C(INF,P14) C(INF,N)
       C(INF,N)    C(N,N)     C(N,N)     C(N,N)    C(N,N)    C(INF,N)   C(N,N)
@@ -1339,8 +1298,8 @@ cmath_exec(PyObject *mod)
     INIT_SPECIAL_VALUES(tanh_special_values, {
       C(-1.,0.) C(U,U) C(-1.,-0.) C(-1.,0.) C(U,U) C(-1.,0.) C(-1.,0.)
       C(N,N)    C(U,U) C(U,U)     C(U,U)    C(U,U) C(N,N)    C(N,N)
-      C(N,N)    C(U,U) C(-0.,-0.) C(-0.,0.) C(U,U) C(N,N)    C(N,N)
-      C(N,N)    C(U,U) C(0.,-0.)  C(0.,0.)  C(U,U) C(N,N)    C(N,N)
+      C(-0.0,N)    C(U,U) C(-0.,-0.) C(-0.,0.) C(U,U) C(-0.0,N)    C(-0.,N)
+      C(0.0,N)    C(U,U) C(0.,-0.)  C(0.,0.)  C(U,U) C(0.0,N)    C(0.,N)
       C(N,N)    C(U,U) C(U,U)     C(U,U)    C(U,U) C(N,N)    C(N,N)
       C(1.,0.)  C(U,U) C(1.,-0.)  C(1.,0.)  C(U,U) C(1.,0.)  C(1.,0.)
       C(N,N)    C(N,N) C(N,-0.)   C(N,0.)   C(N,N) C(N,N)    C(N,N)
diff --git a/Modules/expat/expat.h b/Modules/expat/expat.h
index c2770be3897e58..d0d6015a66283f 100644
--- a/Modules/expat/expat.h
+++ b/Modules/expat/expat.h
@@ -1066,7 +1066,7 @@ XML_SetReparseDeferralEnabled(XML_Parser parser, XML_Bool enabled);
 */
 #define XML_MAJOR_VERSION 2
 #define XML_MINOR_VERSION 6
-#define XML_MICRO_VERSION 2
+#define XML_MICRO_VERSION 3
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
diff --git a/Modules/expat/siphash.h b/Modules/expat/siphash.h
index a1ed99e687bd6e..04f6f74585b5a2 100644
--- a/Modules/expat/siphash.h
+++ b/Modules/expat/siphash.h
@@ -126,8 +126,7 @@
    | ((uint64_t)((p)[4]) << 32) | ((uint64_t)((p)[5]) << 40)                   \
    | ((uint64_t)((p)[6]) << 48) | ((uint64_t)((p)[7]) << 56))
 
-#define SIPHASH_INITIALIZER                                                    \
-  { 0, 0, 0, 0, {0}, 0, 0 }
+#define SIPHASH_INITIALIZER {0, 0, 0, 0, {0}, 0, 0}
 
 struct siphash {
   uint64_t v0, v1, v2, v3;
diff --git a/Modules/expat/xmlparse.c b/Modules/expat/xmlparse.c
index 2951fec70c56cb..d9285b213b38bd 100644
--- a/Modules/expat/xmlparse.c
+++ b/Modules/expat/xmlparse.c
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* 2a14271ad4d35e82bde8ba210b4edb7998794bcbae54deab114046a300f9639a (2.6.2+)
+/* ba4cdf9bdb534f355a9def4c9e25d20ee8e72f95b0a4d930be52e563f5080196 (2.6.3+)
                             __  __            _
                          ___\ \/ /_ __   __ _| |_
                         / _ \\  /| '_ \ / _` | __|
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
    Copyright (c) 2022      Sean McBride <sean@rogue-research.com>
    Copyright (c) 2023      Owain Davies <owaind@bath.edu>
    Copyright (c) 2023-2024 Sony Corporation / Snild Dolkow <snild@sony.com>
+   Copyright (c) 2024      Berkay Eren Ürün <berkay.ueruen@siemens.com>
    Licensed under the MIT license:
 
    Permission is  hereby granted,  free of charge,  to any  person obtaining
@@ -294,7 +295,7 @@ typedef struct {
    The name of the element is stored in both the document and API
    encodings.  The memory buffer 'buf' is a separately-allocated
    memory area which stores the name.  During the XML_Parse()/
-   XMLParseBuffer() when the element is open, the memory for the 'raw'
+   XML_ParseBuffer() when the element is open, the memory for the 'raw'
    version of the name (in the document encoding) is shared with the
    document buffer.  If the element is open across calls to
    XML_Parse()/XML_ParseBuffer(), the buffer is re-allocated to
@@ -2038,6 +2039,12 @@ XML_ParseBuffer(XML_Parser parser, int len, int isFinal) {
 
   if (parser == NULL)
     return XML_STATUS_ERROR;
+
+  if (len < 0) {
+    parser->m_errorCode = XML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+    return XML_STATUS_ERROR;
+  }
+
   switch (parser->m_parsingStatus.parsing) {
   case XML_SUSPENDED:
     parser->m_errorCode = XML_ERROR_SUSPENDED;
@@ -5846,18 +5853,17 @@ processInternalEntity(XML_Parser parser, ENTITY *entity, XML_Bool betweenDecl) {
   /* Set a safe default value in case 'next' does not get set */
   next = textStart;
 
-#ifdef XML_DTD
   if (entity->is_param) {
     int tok
         = XmlPrologTok(parser->m_internalEncoding, textStart, textEnd, &next);
     result = doProlog(parser, parser->m_internalEncoding, textStart, textEnd,
                       tok, next, &next, XML_FALSE, XML_FALSE,
                       XML_ACCOUNT_ENTITY_EXPANSION);
-  } else
-#endif /* XML_DTD */
+  } else {
     result = doContent(parser, parser->m_tagLevel, parser->m_internalEncoding,
                        textStart, textEnd, &next, XML_FALSE,
                        XML_ACCOUNT_ENTITY_EXPANSION);
+  }
 
   if (result == XML_ERROR_NONE) {
     if (textEnd != next && parser->m_parsingStatus.parsing == XML_SUSPENDED) {
@@ -5894,18 +5900,17 @@ internalEntityProcessor(XML_Parser parser, const char *s, const char *end,
   /* Set a safe default value in case 'next' does not get set */
   next = textStart;
 
-#ifdef XML_DTD
   if (entity->is_param) {
     int tok
         = XmlPrologTok(parser->m_internalEncoding, textStart, textEnd, &next);
     result = doProlog(parser, parser->m_internalEncoding, textStart, textEnd,
                       tok, next, &next, XML_FALSE, XML_TRUE,
                       XML_ACCOUNT_ENTITY_EXPANSION);
-  } else
-#endif /* XML_DTD */
+  } else {
     result = doContent(parser, openEntity->startTagLevel,
                        parser->m_internalEncoding, textStart, textEnd, &next,
                        XML_FALSE, XML_ACCOUNT_ENTITY_EXPANSION);
+  }
 
   if (result != XML_ERROR_NONE)
     return result;
@@ -5932,7 +5937,6 @@ internalEntityProcessor(XML_Parser parser, const char *s, const char *end,
     return XML_ERROR_NONE;
   }
 
-#ifdef XML_DTD
   if (entity->is_param) {
     int tok;
     parser->m_processor = prologProcessor;
@@ -5940,9 +5944,7 @@ internalEntityProcessor(XML_Parser parser, const char *s, const char *end,
     return doProlog(parser, parser->m_encoding, s, end, tok, next, nextPtr,
                     (XML_Bool)! parser->m_parsingStatus.finalBuffer, XML_TRUE,
                     XML_ACCOUNT_DIRECT);
-  } else
-#endif /* XML_DTD */
-  {
+  } else {
     parser->m_processor = contentProcessor;
     /* see externalEntityContentProcessor vs contentProcessor */
     result = doContent(parser, parser->m_parentParser ? 1 : 0,
@@ -7016,6 +7018,16 @@ dtdCopy(XML_Parser oldParser, DTD *newDtd, const DTD *oldDtd,
     if (! newE)
       return 0;
     if (oldE->nDefaultAtts) {
+      /* Detect and prevent integer overflow.
+       * The preprocessor guard addresses the "always false" warning
+       * from -Wtype-limits on platforms where
+       * sizeof(int) < sizeof(size_t), e.g. on x86_64. */
+#if UINT_MAX >= SIZE_MAX
+      if ((size_t)oldE->nDefaultAtts
+          > ((size_t)(-1) / sizeof(DEFAULT_ATTRIBUTE))) {
+        return 0;
+      }
+#endif
       newE->defaultAtts
           = ms->malloc_fcn(oldE->nDefaultAtts * sizeof(DEFAULT_ATTRIBUTE));
       if (! newE->defaultAtts) {
@@ -7558,6 +7570,15 @@ nextScaffoldPart(XML_Parser parser) {
   int next;
 
   if (! dtd->scaffIndex) {
+    /* Detect and prevent integer overflow.
+     * The preprocessor guard addresses the "always false" warning
+     * from -Wtype-limits on platforms where
+     * sizeof(unsigned int) < sizeof(size_t), e.g. on x86_64. */
+#if UINT_MAX >= SIZE_MAX
+    if (parser->m_groupSize > ((size_t)(-1) / sizeof(int))) {
+      return -1;
+    }
+#endif
     dtd->scaffIndex = (int *)MALLOC(parser, parser->m_groupSize * sizeof(int));
     if (! dtd->scaffIndex)
       return -1;
diff --git a/Modules/faulthandler.c b/Modules/faulthandler.c
index cfa3cbdc34bc86..b62362f277797e 100644
--- a/Modules/faulthandler.c
+++ b/Modules/faulthandler.c
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ static fault_handler_t faulthandler_handlers[] = {
 #ifdef SIGILL
     {SIGILL, 0, "Illegal instruction", },
 #endif
-    {SIGFPE, 0, "Floating point exception", },
+    {SIGFPE, 0, "Floating-point exception", },
     {SIGABRT, 0, "Aborted", },
     /* define SIGSEGV at the end to make it the default choice if searching the
        handler fails in faulthandler_fatal_error() */
diff --git a/Modules/fcntlmodule.c b/Modules/fcntlmodule.c
index 873bdf2ac0657a..90ebfd7e99a777 100644
--- a/Modules/fcntlmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/fcntlmodule.c
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ fcntl_ioctl_impl(PyObject *module, int fd, unsigned long code,
     Py_ssize_t len;
     char buf[IOCTL_BUFSZ+1];  /* argument plus NUL byte */
 
-    if (PySys_Audit("fcntl.ioctl", "iIO", fd, code,
+    if (PySys_Audit("fcntl.ioctl", "ikO", fd, code,
                     ob_arg ? ob_arg : Py_None) < 0) {
         return NULL;
     }
@@ -580,12 +580,17 @@ all_ins(PyObject* m)
 #ifdef F_GETPIPE_SZ
     if (PyModule_AddIntMacro(m, F_GETPIPE_SZ)) return -1;
 #endif
+
+/* On Android, FICLONE is blocked by SELinux. */
+#ifndef __ANDROID__
 #ifdef FICLONE
     if (PyModule_AddIntMacro(m, FICLONE)) return -1;
 #endif
 #ifdef FICLONERANGE
     if (PyModule_AddIntMacro(m, FICLONERANGE)) return -1;
 #endif
+#endif
+
 #ifdef F_GETOWN_EX
     // since Linux 2.6.32
     if (PyModule_AddIntMacro(m, F_GETOWN_EX)) return -1;
diff --git a/Modules/getpath.c b/Modules/getpath.c
index abed139028244a..18ddfaf8dbce1a 100644
--- a/Modules/getpath.c
+++ b/Modules/getpath.c
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ getpath_dirname(PyObject *Py_UNUSED(self), PyObject *args)
     Py_ssize_t end = PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(path);
     Py_ssize_t pos = PyUnicode_FindChar(path, SEP, 0, end, -1);
     if (pos < 0) {
-        return PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize(NULL, 0);
+        return Py_GetConstant(Py_CONSTANT_EMPTY_STR);
     }
     return PyUnicode_Substring(path, 0, pos);
 }
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ getpath_joinpath(PyObject *Py_UNUSED(self), PyObject *args)
     }
     Py_ssize_t n = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(args);
     if (n == 0) {
-        return PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize(NULL, 0);
+        return Py_GetConstant(Py_CONSTANT_EMPTY_STR);
     }
     /* Convert all parts to wchar and accumulate max final length */
     wchar_t **parts = (wchar_t **)PyMem_Malloc(n * sizeof(wchar_t *));
@@ -302,7 +302,7 @@ getpath_joinpath(PyObject *Py_UNUSED(self), PyObject *args)
             PyErr_NoMemory();
             return NULL;
         }
-        return PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize(NULL, 0);
+        return Py_GetConstant(Py_CONSTANT_EMPTY_STR);
     }
 
     final[0] = '\0';
@@ -951,6 +951,11 @@ _PyConfig_InitPathConfig(PyConfig *config, int compute_path_config)
         !wchar_to_dict(dict, "executable_dir", NULL) ||
         !wchar_to_dict(dict, "py_setpath", _PyPathConfig_GetGlobalModuleSearchPath()) ||
         !funcs_to_dict(dict, config->pathconfig_warnings) ||
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+        !decode_to_dict(dict, "ABI_THREAD", "t") ||
+#else
+        !decode_to_dict(dict, "ABI_THREAD", "") ||
+#endif
 #ifndef MS_WINDOWS
         PyDict_SetItemString(dict, "winreg", Py_None) < 0 ||
 #endif
diff --git a/Modules/getpath.py b/Modules/getpath.py
index bc7053224aaf16..1f1bfcb4f64dd4 100644
--- a/Modules/getpath.py
+++ b/Modules/getpath.py
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
 # EXE_SUFFIX        -- [in, opt] '.exe' on Windows/Cygwin/similar
 # VERSION_MAJOR     -- [in] sys.version_info.major
 # VERSION_MINOR     -- [in] sys.version_info.minor
+# ABI_THREAD        -- [in] either 't' for free-threaded builds or ''
 # PYWINVER          -- [in] the Windows platform-specific version (e.g. 3.8-32)
 
 # ** Values read from the environment **
@@ -172,17 +173,18 @@
 # ******************************************************************************
 
 platlibdir = config.get('platlibdir') or PLATLIBDIR
+ABI_THREAD = ABI_THREAD or ''
 
 if os_name == 'posix' or os_name == 'darwin':
     BUILDDIR_TXT = 'pybuilddir.txt'
     BUILD_LANDMARK = 'Modules/Setup.local'
     DEFAULT_PROGRAM_NAME = f'python{VERSION_MAJOR}'
-    STDLIB_SUBDIR = f'{platlibdir}/python{VERSION_MAJOR}.{VERSION_MINOR}'
+    STDLIB_SUBDIR = f'{platlibdir}/python{VERSION_MAJOR}.{VERSION_MINOR}{ABI_THREAD}'
     STDLIB_LANDMARKS = [f'{STDLIB_SUBDIR}/os.py', f'{STDLIB_SUBDIR}/os.pyc']
-    PLATSTDLIB_LANDMARK = f'{platlibdir}/python{VERSION_MAJOR}.{VERSION_MINOR}/lib-dynload'
+    PLATSTDLIB_LANDMARK = f'{platlibdir}/python{VERSION_MAJOR}.{VERSION_MINOR}{ABI_THREAD}/lib-dynload'
     BUILDSTDLIB_LANDMARKS = ['Lib/os.py']
     VENV_LANDMARK = 'pyvenv.cfg'
-    ZIP_LANDMARK = f'{platlibdir}/python{VERSION_MAJOR}{VERSION_MINOR}.zip'
+    ZIP_LANDMARK = f'{platlibdir}/python{VERSION_MAJOR}{VERSION_MINOR}{ABI_THREAD}.zip'
     DELIM = ':'
     SEP = '/'
 
diff --git a/Modules/itertoolsmodule.c b/Modules/itertoolsmodule.c
index e740ec4d7625c3..1201fa094902d7 100644
--- a/Modules/itertoolsmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/itertoolsmodule.c
@@ -1036,7 +1036,7 @@ itertools_tee_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *iterable, Py_ssize_t n)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=1c64519cd859c2f0 input=c99a1472c425d66d]*/
 {
     Py_ssize_t i;
-    PyObject *it, *copyable, *copyfunc, *result;
+    PyObject *it, *to, *result;
 
     if (n < 0) {
         PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "n must be >= 0");
@@ -1053,41 +1053,23 @@ itertools_tee_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *iterable, Py_ssize_t n)
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    if (PyObject_GetOptionalAttr(it, &_Py_ID(__copy__), &copyfunc) < 0) {
-        Py_DECREF(it);
+    itertools_state *state = get_module_state(module);
+    to = tee_fromiterable(state, it);
+    Py_DECREF(it);
+    if (to == NULL) {
         Py_DECREF(result);
         return NULL;
     }
-    if (copyfunc != NULL) {
-        copyable = it;
-    }
-    else {
-        itertools_state *state = get_module_state(module);
-        copyable = tee_fromiterable(state, it);
-        Py_DECREF(it);
-        if (copyable == NULL) {
-            Py_DECREF(result);
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        copyfunc = PyObject_GetAttr(copyable, &_Py_ID(__copy__));
-        if (copyfunc == NULL) {
-            Py_DECREF(copyable);
-            Py_DECREF(result);
-            return NULL;
-        }
-    }
 
-    PyTuple_SET_ITEM(result, 0, copyable);
+    PyTuple_SET_ITEM(result, 0, to);
     for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
-        copyable = _PyObject_CallNoArgs(copyfunc);
-        if (copyable == NULL) {
-            Py_DECREF(copyfunc);
+        to = tee_copy((teeobject *)to, NULL);
+        if (to == NULL) {
             Py_DECREF(result);
             return NULL;
         }
-        PyTuple_SET_ITEM(result, i, copyable);
+        PyTuple_SET_ITEM(result, i, to);
     }
-    Py_DECREF(copyfunc);
     return result;
 }
 
diff --git a/Modules/main.c b/Modules/main.c
index 8eded2639ad90a..15ea49a1bad19e 100644
--- a/Modules/main.c
+++ b/Modules/main.c
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include "pycore_call.h"          // _PyObject_CallNoArgs()
 #include "pycore_initconfig.h"    // _PyArgv
 #include "pycore_interp.h"        // _PyInterpreterState.sysdict
+#include "pycore_long.h"          // _PyLong_GetOne()
 #include "pycore_pathconfig.h"    // _PyPathConfig_ComputeSysPath0()
 #include "pycore_pylifecycle.h"   // _Py_PreInitializeFromPyArgv()
 #include "pycore_pystate.h"       // _PyInterpreterState_GET()
@@ -259,6 +260,57 @@ pymain_run_command(wchar_t *command)
 }
 
 
+static int
+pymain_start_pyrepl_no_main(void)
+{
+    int res = 0;
+    PyObject *console = NULL;
+    PyObject *empty_tuple = NULL;
+    PyObject *kwargs = NULL;
+    PyObject *console_result = NULL;
+
+    PyObject *pyrepl = PyImport_ImportModule("_pyrepl.main");
+    if (pyrepl == NULL) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Could not import _pyrepl.main\n");
+        res = pymain_exit_err_print();
+        goto done;
+    }
+    console = PyObject_GetAttrString(pyrepl, "interactive_console");
+    if (console == NULL) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Could not access _pyrepl.main.interactive_console\n");
+        res = pymain_exit_err_print();
+        goto done;
+    }
+    empty_tuple = PyTuple_New(0);
+    if (empty_tuple == NULL) {
+        res = pymain_exit_err_print();
+        goto done;
+    }
+    kwargs = PyDict_New();
+    if (kwargs == NULL) {
+        res = pymain_exit_err_print();
+        goto done;
+    }
+    if (!PyDict_SetItemString(kwargs, "pythonstartup", _PyLong_GetOne())) {
+        _PyRuntime.signals.unhandled_keyboard_interrupt = 0;
+        console_result = PyObject_Call(console, empty_tuple, kwargs);
+        if (!console_result && PyErr_Occurred() == PyExc_KeyboardInterrupt) {
+            _PyRuntime.signals.unhandled_keyboard_interrupt = 1;
+        }
+        if (console_result == NULL) {
+            res = pymain_exit_err_print();
+        }
+    }
+done:
+    Py_XDECREF(console_result);
+    Py_XDECREF(kwargs);
+    Py_XDECREF(empty_tuple);
+    Py_XDECREF(console);
+    Py_XDECREF(pyrepl);
+    return res;
+}
+
+
 static int
 pymain_run_module(const wchar_t *modname, int set_argv0)
 {
@@ -542,13 +594,18 @@ pymain_repl(PyConfig *config, int *exitcode)
         return;
     }
 
-    if (!isatty(fileno(stdin))) {
+    if (PySys_Audit("cpython.run_stdin", NULL) < 0) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (!isatty(fileno(stdin))
+        || _Py_GetEnv(config->use_environment, "PYTHON_BASIC_REPL")) {
         PyCompilerFlags cf = _PyCompilerFlags_INIT;
         int run = PyRun_AnyFileExFlags(stdin, "<stdin>", 0, &cf);
         *exitcode = (run != 0);
         return;
     }
-    int run = pymain_run_module(L"_pyrepl", 0);
+    int run = pymain_start_pyrepl_no_main();
     *exitcode = (run != 0);
     return;
 }
diff --git a/Modules/makesetup b/Modules/makesetup
index d41b6640bb5186..8bb971b152a522 100755
--- a/Modules/makesetup
+++ b/Modules/makesetup
@@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ sed -e 's/[ 	]*#.*//' -e '/^[ 	]*$/d' |
 				;;
 			esac
 			rule="$file: $objs"
-			rule="$rule; \$(BLDSHARED) $objs $libs \$(MODULE_LDFLAGS) -o $file"
+			rule="$rule; \$(BLDSHARED) $objs $libs \$(LIBPYTHON) -o $file"
 			echo "$rule" >>$rulesf
 		done
 	done
diff --git a/Modules/mathmodule.c b/Modules/mathmodule.c
index 6defa973da0952..058f57770755aa 100644
--- a/Modules/mathmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/mathmodule.c
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ typedef struct{ double hi; double lo; } DoubleLength;
 static DoubleLength
 dl_fast_sum(double a, double b)
 {
-    /* Algorithm 1.1. Compensated summation of two floating point numbers. */
+    /* Algorithm 1.1. Compensated summation of two floating-point numbers. */
     assert(fabs(a) >= fabs(b));
     double x = a + b;
     double y = (a - x) + b;
@@ -535,43 +535,6 @@ m_lgamma(double x)
     return r;
 }
 
-/*
-   wrapper for atan2 that deals directly with special cases before
-   delegating to the platform libm for the remaining cases.  This
-   is necessary to get consistent behaviour across platforms.
-   Windows, FreeBSD and alpha Tru64 are amongst platforms that don't
-   always follow C99.
-*/
-
-static double
-m_atan2(double y, double x)
-{
-    if (isnan(x) || isnan(y))
-        return Py_NAN;
-    if (isinf(y)) {
-        if (isinf(x)) {
-            if (copysign(1., x) == 1.)
-                /* atan2(+-inf, +inf) == +-pi/4 */
-                return copysign(0.25*Py_MATH_PI, y);
-            else
-                /* atan2(+-inf, -inf) == +-pi*3/4 */
-                return copysign(0.75*Py_MATH_PI, y);
-        }
-        /* atan2(+-inf, x) == +-pi/2 for finite x */
-        return copysign(0.5*Py_MATH_PI, y);
-    }
-    if (isinf(x) || y == 0.) {
-        if (copysign(1., x) == 1.)
-            /* atan2(+-y, +inf) = atan2(+-0, +x) = +-0. */
-            return copysign(0., y);
-        else
-            /* atan2(+-y, -inf) = atan2(+-0., -x) = +-pi. */
-            return copysign(Py_MATH_PI, y);
-    }
-    return atan2(y, x);
-}
-
-
 /* IEEE 754-style remainder operation: x - n*y where n*y is the nearest
    multiple of y to x, taking n even in the case of a tie. Assuming an IEEE 754
    binary floating-point format, the result is always exact. */
@@ -1103,7 +1066,7 @@ FUNC1(atan, atan, 0,
       "atan($module, x, /)\n--\n\n"
       "Return the arc tangent (measured in radians) of x.\n\n"
       "The result is between -pi/2 and pi/2.")
-FUNC2(atan2, m_atan2,
+FUNC2(atan2, atan2,
       "atan2($module, y, x, /)\n--\n\n"
       "Return the arc tangent (measured in radians) of y/x.\n\n"
       "Unlike atan(y/x), the signs of both x and y are considered.")
@@ -1354,14 +1317,14 @@ math.fsum
     seq: object
     /
 
-Return an accurate floating point sum of values in the iterable seq.
+Return an accurate floating-point sum of values in the iterable seq.
 
-Assumes IEEE-754 floating point arithmetic.
+Assumes IEEE-754 floating-point arithmetic.
 [clinic start generated code]*/
 
 static PyObject *
 math_fsum(PyObject *module, PyObject *seq)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=ba5c672b87fe34fc input=c51b7d8caf6f6e82]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=ba5c672b87fe34fc input=4506244ded6057dc]*/
 {
     PyObject *item, *iter, *sum = NULL;
     Py_ssize_t i, j, n = 0, m = NUM_PARTIALS;
@@ -1694,7 +1657,7 @@ math_isqrt(PyObject *module, PyObject *n)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=35a6f7f980beab26 input=5b6e7ae4fa6c43d6]*/
 {
     int a_too_large, c_bit_length;
-    size_t c, d;
+    int64_t c, d;
     uint64_t m;
     uint32_t u;
     PyObject *a = NULL, *b;
@@ -1717,14 +1680,13 @@ math_isqrt(PyObject *module, PyObject *n)
 
     /* c = (n.bit_length() - 1) // 2 */
     c = _PyLong_NumBits(n);
-    if (c == (size_t)(-1)) {
-        goto error;
-    }
-    c = (c - 1U) / 2U;
+    assert(c > 0);
+    assert(!PyErr_Occurred());
+    c = (c - 1) / 2;
 
     /* Fast path: if c <= 31 then n < 2**64 and we can compute directly with a
        fast, almost branch-free algorithm. */
-    if (c <= 31U) {
+    if (c <= 31) {
         int shift = 31 - (int)c;
         m = (uint64_t)PyLong_AsUnsignedLongLong(n);
         Py_DECREF(n);
@@ -1741,13 +1703,13 @@ math_isqrt(PyObject *module, PyObject *n)
 
     /* From n >= 2**64 it follows that c.bit_length() >= 6. */
     c_bit_length = 6;
-    while ((c >> c_bit_length) > 0U) {
+    while ((c >> c_bit_length) > 0) {
         ++c_bit_length;
     }
 
     /* Initialise d and a. */
     d = c >> (c_bit_length - 5);
-    b = _PyLong_Rshift(n, 2U*c - 62U);
+    b = _PyLong_Rshift(n, 2*c - 62);
     if (b == NULL) {
         goto error;
     }
@@ -1764,12 +1726,12 @@ math_isqrt(PyObject *module, PyObject *n)
 
     for (int s = c_bit_length - 6; s >= 0; --s) {
         PyObject *q;
-        size_t e = d;
+        int64_t e = d;
 
         d = c >> s;
 
         /* q = (n >> 2*c - e - d + 1) // a */
-        q = _PyLong_Rshift(n, 2U*c - d - e + 1U);
+        q = _PyLong_Rshift(n, 2*c - d - e + 1);
         if (q == NULL) {
             goto error;
         }
@@ -1779,7 +1741,7 @@ math_isqrt(PyObject *module, PyObject *n)
         }
 
         /* a = (a << d - 1 - e) + q */
-        Py_SETREF(a, _PyLong_Lshift(a, d - 1U - e));
+        Py_SETREF(a, _PyLong_Lshift(a, d - 1 - e));
         if (a == NULL) {
             Py_DECREF(q);
             goto error;
@@ -2222,7 +2184,7 @@ loghelper(PyObject* arg, double (*func)(double))
     /* If it is int, do it ourselves. */
     if (PyLong_Check(arg)) {
         double x, result;
-        Py_ssize_t e;
+        int64_t e;
 
         /* Negative or zero inputs give a ValueError. */
         if (!_PyLong_IsPositive((PyLongObject *)arg)) {
@@ -2239,8 +2201,8 @@ loghelper(PyObject* arg, double (*func)(double))
                to compute the log anyway.  Clear the exception and continue. */
             PyErr_Clear();
             x = _PyLong_Frexp((PyLongObject *)arg, &e);
-            if (x == -1.0 && PyErr_Occurred())
-                return NULL;
+            assert(e >= 0);
+            assert(!PyErr_Occurred());
             /* Value is ~= x * 2**e, so the log ~= log(x) + log(2) * e. */
             result = func(x) + func(2.0) * e;
         }
@@ -2385,6 +2347,15 @@ math_fmod_impl(PyObject *module, double x, double y)
         return PyFloat_FromDouble(x);
     errno = 0;
     r = fmod(x, y);
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+    /* Windows (e.g. Windows 10 with MSC v.1916) loose sign
+       for zero result.  But C99+ says: "if y is nonzero, the result
+       has the same sign as x".
+     */
+    if (r == 0.0 && y != 0.0) {
+        r = copysign(r, x);
+    }
+#endif
     if (isnan(r)) {
         if (!isnan(x) && !isnan(y))
             errno = EDOM;
@@ -2453,7 +2424,7 @@ Since lo**2 is less than 1/2 ulp(csum), we have csum+lo*lo == csum.
 To minimize loss of information during the accumulation of fractional
 values, each term has a separate accumulator.  This also breaks up
 sequential dependencies in the inner loop so the CPU can maximize
-floating point throughput. [4]  On an Apple M1 Max, hypot(*vec)
+floating-point throughput. [4]  On an Apple M1 Max, hypot(*vec)
 takes only 3.33 µsec when len(vec) == 1000.
 
 The square root differential correction is needed because a
@@ -3136,7 +3107,7 @@ math.isclose -> bool
         maximum difference for being considered "close", regardless of the
         magnitude of the input values
 
-Determine whether two floating point numbers are close in value.
+Determine whether two floating-point numbers are close in value.
 
 Return True if a is close in value to b, and False otherwise.
 
@@ -3151,7 +3122,7 @@ only close to themselves.
 static int
 math_isclose_impl(PyObject *module, double a, double b, double rel_tol,
                   double abs_tol)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=b73070207511952d input=f28671871ea5bfba]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=b73070207511952d input=12d41764468bfdb8]*/
 {
     double diff = 0.0;
 
diff --git a/Modules/mmapmodule.c b/Modules/mmapmodule.c
index 99a85e9e49ad47..e1c26e19932664 100644
--- a/Modules/mmapmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/mmapmodule.c
@@ -486,7 +486,7 @@ mmap_read_line_method(mmap_object *self,
 
     remaining = (self->pos < self->size) ? self->size - self->pos : 0;
     if (!remaining)
-        return PyBytes_FromString("");
+        return Py_GetConstant(Py_CONSTANT_EMPTY_BYTES);
     start = self->data + self->pos;
 
     if (safe_memchr(&eol, start, '\n', remaining) < 0) {
@@ -1274,7 +1274,7 @@ mmap_subscript(mmap_object *self, PyObject *item)
 
         CHECK_VALID(NULL);
         if (slicelen <= 0)
-            return PyBytes_FromStringAndSize("", 0);
+            return Py_GetConstant(Py_CONSTANT_EMPTY_BYTES);
         else if (step == 1)
             return _safe_PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(self->data + start, slicelen);
         else {
diff --git a/Modules/overlapped.c b/Modules/overlapped.c
index 77ee70ae133c85..308a0dab7fab1a 100644
--- a/Modules/overlapped.c
+++ b/Modules/overlapped.c
@@ -923,7 +923,7 @@ _overlapped_Overlapped_getresult_impl(OverlappedObject *self, BOOL wait)
             {
                 break;
             }
-            /* fall through */
+            _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
         default:
             return SetFromWindowsErr(err);
     }
diff --git a/Modules/posixmodule.c b/Modules/posixmodule.c
index 5f943d4b1c8085..bb5077cc7f0f09 100644
--- a/Modules/posixmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/posixmodule.c
@@ -125,6 +125,7 @@
 #  define HAVE_PWRITEV_RUNTIME __builtin_available(macOS 11.0, iOS 14.0, tvOS 14.0, watchOS 7.0, *)
 #  define HAVE_MKFIFOAT_RUNTIME __builtin_available(macOS 13.0, iOS 16.0, tvOS 16.0, watchOS 9.0, *)
 #  define HAVE_MKNODAT_RUNTIME __builtin_available(macOS 13.0, iOS 16.0, tvOS 16.0, watchOS 9.0, *)
+#  define HAVE_PTSNAME_R_RUNTIME __builtin_available(macOS 10.13.4, iOS 11.3, tvOS 11.3, watchOS 4.3, *)
 
 #  define HAVE_POSIX_SPAWN_SETSID_RUNTIME __builtin_available(macOS 10.15, *)
 
@@ -206,6 +207,10 @@
 #    define HAVE_MKNODAT_RUNTIME (mknodat != NULL)
 #  endif
 
+#  ifdef HAVE_PTSNAME_R
+#    define HAVE_PTSNAME_R_RUNTIME (ptsname_r != NULL)
+#  endif
+
 #endif
 
 #ifdef HAVE_FUTIMESAT
@@ -231,6 +236,7 @@
 #  define HAVE_PWRITEV_RUNTIME 1
 #  define HAVE_MKFIFOAT_RUNTIME 1
 #  define HAVE_MKNODAT_RUNTIME 1
+#  define HAVE_PTSNAME_R_RUNTIME 1
 #endif
 
 
@@ -1544,6 +1550,19 @@ dir_fd_and_follow_symlinks_invalid(const char *function_name, int dir_fd,
     return 0;
 }
 
+#if defined(HAVE_WAITID)
+static int
+idtype_t_converter(PyObject *arg, void *addr)
+{
+    int value = PyLong_AsInt(arg);
+    if (value == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    *((idtype_t *)addr) = (idtype_t)(value);
+    return 1;
+}
+#endif
+
 #ifdef MS_WINDOWS
     typedef long long Py_off_t;
 #else
@@ -3048,17 +3067,42 @@ class pid_t_converter(CConverter):
     type = 'pid_t'
     format_unit = '" _Py_PARSE_PID "'
 
-class idtype_t_converter(int_converter):
+    def parse_arg(self, argname, displayname, *, limited_capi):
+        return self.format_code("""
+            {paramname} = PyLong_AsPid({argname});
+            if ({paramname} == (pid_t)(-1) && PyErr_Occurred()) {{{{
+                goto exit;
+            }}}}
+            """, argname=argname)
+
+class idtype_t_converter(CConverter):
     type = 'idtype_t'
+    converter = 'idtype_t_converter'
 
 class id_t_converter(CConverter):
     type = 'id_t'
     format_unit = '" _Py_PARSE_PID "'
 
+    def parse_arg(self, argname, displayname, *, limited_capi):
+        return self.format_code("""
+            {paramname} = (id_t)PyLong_AsPid({argname});
+            if ({paramname} == (id_t)(-1) && PyErr_Occurred()) {{{{
+                goto exit;
+            }}}}
+            """, argname=argname)
+
 class intptr_t_converter(CConverter):
     type = 'intptr_t'
     format_unit = '" _Py_PARSE_INTPTR "'
 
+    def parse_arg(self, argname, displayname, *, limited_capi):
+        return self.format_code("""
+            {paramname} = (intptr_t)PyLong_AsVoidPtr({argname});
+            if (!{paramname} && PyErr_Occurred()) {{{{
+                goto exit;
+            }}}}
+            """, argname=argname)
+
 class Py_off_t_converter(CConverter):
     type = 'Py_off_t'
     converter = 'Py_off_t_converter'
@@ -3078,7 +3122,7 @@ class sysconf_confname_converter(path_confname_converter):
     converter="conv_sysconf_confname"
 
 [python start generated code]*/
-/*[python end generated code: output=da39a3ee5e6b4b0d input=577cb476e5d64960]*/
+/*[python end generated code: output=da39a3ee5e6b4b0d input=1860d32584c2a539]*/
 
 /*[clinic input]
 
@@ -5385,7 +5429,6 @@ _testFileType(path_t *path, int testedType)
 os._path_exists -> bool
 
     path: path_t(allow_fd=True, suppress_value_error=True)
-    /
 
 Test whether a path exists.  Returns False for broken symbolic links.
 
@@ -5393,7 +5436,7 @@ Test whether a path exists.  Returns False for broken symbolic links.
 
 static int
 os__path_exists_impl(PyObject *module, path_t *path)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=8da13acf666e16ba input=29198507a6082a57]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=8da13acf666e16ba input=142beabfc66783eb]*/
 {
     return _testFileExists(path, TRUE);
 }
@@ -5403,7 +5446,6 @@ os__path_exists_impl(PyObject *module, path_t *path)
 os._path_lexists -> bool
 
     path: path_t(allow_fd=True, suppress_value_error=True)
-    /
 
 Test whether a path exists.  Returns True for broken symbolic links.
 
@@ -5411,7 +5453,7 @@ Test whether a path exists.  Returns True for broken symbolic links.
 
 static int
 os__path_lexists_impl(PyObject *module, path_t *path)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=e7240ed5fc45bff3 input=03d9fed8bc6ce96f]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=e7240ed5fc45bff3 input=208205112a3cc1ed]*/
 {
     return _testFileExists(path, FALSE);
 }
@@ -5497,7 +5539,7 @@ os__path_isjunction_impl(PyObject *module, path_t *path)
 /*[clinic input]
 os._path_splitroot_ex
 
-    path: path_t(make_wide=True, nonstrict=True)
+    p as path: path_t(make_wide=True, nonstrict=True)
 
 Split a pathname into drive, root and tail.
 
@@ -5506,7 +5548,7 @@ The tail contains anything after the root.
 
 static PyObject *
 os__path_splitroot_ex_impl(PyObject *module, path_t *path)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=4b0072b6cdf4b611 input=6eb76e9173412c92]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=4b0072b6cdf4b611 input=4556b615c7cc13f2]*/
 {
     Py_ssize_t drvsize, rootsize;
     PyObject *drv = NULL, *root = NULL, *tail = NULL, *result = NULL;
@@ -7873,6 +7915,7 @@ os_register_at_fork_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *before,
 }
 #endif /* HAVE_FORK */
 
+#if defined(HAVE_FORK1) || defined(HAVE_FORKPTY) || defined(HAVE_FORK)
 // Common code to raise a warning if we detect there is more than one thread
 // running in the process. Best effort, silent if unable to count threads.
 // Constraint: Quick. Never overcounts. Never leaves an error set.
@@ -7976,6 +8019,7 @@ warn_about_fork_with_threads(const char* name)
         PyErr_Clear();
     }
 }
+#endif  // HAVE_FORK1 || HAVE_FORKPTY || HAVE_FORK
 
 #ifdef HAVE_FORK1
 /*[clinic input]
@@ -8633,6 +8677,19 @@ os_unlockpt_impl(PyObject *module, int fd)
 #endif /* HAVE_UNLOCKPT */
 
 #if defined(HAVE_PTSNAME) || defined(HAVE_PTSNAME_R)
+static PyObject *
+py_ptsname(int fd)
+{
+    // POSIX manpage: Upon failure, ptsname() shall return a null pointer
+    // and may set errno. Always initialize errno to avoid undefined behavior.
+    errno = 0;
+    char *name = ptsname(fd);
+    if (name == NULL) {
+        return posix_error();
+    }
+    return PyUnicode_DecodeFSDefault(name);
+}
+
 /*[clinic input]
 os.ptsname
 
@@ -8654,22 +8711,22 @@ os_ptsname_impl(PyObject *module, int fd)
     int ret;
     char name[MAXPATHLEN+1];
 
-    ret = ptsname_r(fd, name, sizeof(name));
+    if (HAVE_PTSNAME_R_RUNTIME) {
+        ret = ptsname_r(fd, name, sizeof(name));
+    }
+    else {
+        // fallback to ptsname() if ptsname_r() is not available in runtime.
+        return py_ptsname(fd);
+    }
     if (ret != 0) {
         errno = ret;
         return posix_error();
     }
-#else
-    char *name;
-
-    name = ptsname(fd);
-    /* POSIX manpage: Upon failure, ptsname() shall return a null pointer and may set errno.
-       *MAY* set errno? Hmm... */
-    if (name == NULL)
-        return posix_error();
-#endif /* HAVE_PTSNAME_R */
 
     return PyUnicode_DecodeFSDefault(name);
+#else
+    return py_ptsname(fd);
+#endif /* HAVE_PTSNAME_R */
 }
 #endif /* defined(HAVE_PTSNAME) || defined(HAVE_PTSNAME_R) */
 
@@ -9023,7 +9080,7 @@ os_getgrouplist_impl(PyObject *module, const char *user, gid_t basegid)
 
     /*
      * NGROUPS_MAX is defined by POSIX.1 as the maximum
-     * number of supplimental groups a users can belong to.
+     * number of supplemental groups a users can belong to.
      * We have to increment it by one because
      * getgrouplist() returns both the supplemental groups
      * and the primary group, i.e. all of the groups the
@@ -10100,7 +10157,10 @@ os_wait_impl(PyObject *module)
 }
 #endif /* HAVE_WAIT */
 
-#if defined(__linux__) && defined(__NR_pidfd_open)
+
+// This system call always crashes on older Android versions.
+#if defined(__linux__) && defined(__NR_pidfd_open) && \
+    !(defined(__ANDROID__) && __ANDROID_API__ < 31)
 /*[clinic input]
 os.pidfd_open
   pid: pid_t
@@ -10583,12 +10643,12 @@ Return a collection containing process timing information.
 
 The object returned behaves like a named tuple with these fields:
   (utime, stime, cutime, cstime, elapsed_time)
-All fields are floating point numbers.
+All fields are floating-point numbers.
 [clinic start generated code]*/
 
 static PyObject *
 os_times_impl(PyObject *module)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=35f640503557d32a input=2bf9df3d6ab2e48b]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=35f640503557d32a input=8dbfe33a2dcc3df3]*/
 {
 #ifdef MS_WINDOWS
     FILETIME create, exit, kernel, user;
@@ -12541,6 +12601,7 @@ os_mknod_impl(PyObject *module, path_t *path, int mode, dev_t device,
 #endif /* defined(HAVE_MKNOD) && defined(HAVE_MAKEDEV) */
 
 
+#ifdef HAVE_DEVICE_MACROS
 static PyObject *
 major_minor_conv(unsigned int value)
 {
@@ -12563,7 +12624,6 @@ major_minor_check(dev_t value)
     return (dev_t)(unsigned int)value == value;
 }
 
-#ifdef HAVE_DEVICE_MACROS
 /*[clinic input]
 os.major
 
@@ -16809,6 +16869,20 @@ os__is_inputhook_installed_impl(PyObject *module)
     return PyBool_FromLong(PyOS_InputHook != NULL);
 }
 
+/*[clinic input]
+os._create_environ
+
+Create the environment dictionary.
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+
+static PyObject *
+os__create_environ_impl(PyObject *module)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=19d9039ab14f8ad4 input=a4c05686b34635e8]*/
+{
+    return convertenviron();
+}
+
+
 static PyMethodDef posix_methods[] = {
 
     OS_STAT_METHODDEF
@@ -17023,6 +17097,7 @@ static PyMethodDef posix_methods[] = {
     OS__SUPPORTS_VIRTUAL_TERMINAL_METHODDEF
     OS__INPUTHOOK_METHODDEF
     OS__IS_INPUTHOOK_INSTALLED_METHODDEF
+    OS__CREATE_ENVIRON_METHODDEF
     {NULL,              NULL}            /* Sentinel */
 };
 
@@ -17734,6 +17809,9 @@ PROBE(probe_futimens, HAVE_FUTIMENS_RUNTIME)
 PROBE(probe_utimensat, HAVE_UTIMENSAT_RUNTIME)
 #endif
 
+#ifdef HAVE_PTSNAME_R
+PROBE(probe_ptsname_r, HAVE_PTSNAME_R_RUNTIME)
+#endif
 
 
 
@@ -17874,6 +17952,10 @@ static const struct have_function {
     { "HAVE_UTIMENSAT", probe_utimensat },
 #endif
 
+#ifdef HAVE_PTSNAME_R
+    { "HAVE_PTSNAME_R", probe_ptsname_r },
+#endif
+
 #ifdef MS_WINDOWS
     { "MS_WINDOWS", NULL },
 #endif
diff --git a/Modules/pyexpat.c b/Modules/pyexpat.c
index 8495fe2dd4dd2b..9733bc34f7c80a 100644
--- a/Modules/pyexpat.c
+++ b/Modules/pyexpat.c
@@ -1651,7 +1651,7 @@ PyDoc_STRVAR(pyexpat_module_documentation,
 static int init_handler_descrs(pyexpat_state *state)
 {
     int i;
-    assert(!PyType_HasFeature(state->xml_parse_type, Py_TPFLAGS_VALID_VERSION_TAG));
+    assert(state->xml_parse_type->tp_version_tag == 0);
     for (i = 0; handler_info[i].name != NULL; i++) {
         struct HandlerInfo *hi = &handler_info[i];
         hi->getset.name = hi->name;
diff --git a/Modules/rotatingtree.c b/Modules/rotatingtree.c
index 217e495b3d2a9d..5910e25bed6389 100644
--- a/Modules/rotatingtree.c
+++ b/Modules/rotatingtree.c
@@ -1,9 +1,4 @@
-#ifndef Py_BUILD_CORE_BUILTIN
-#  define Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE 1
-#endif
-
 #include "Python.h"
-#include "pycore_lock.h"
 #include "rotatingtree.h"
 
 #define KEY_LOWER_THAN(key1, key2)  ((char*)(key1) < (char*)(key2))
diff --git a/Modules/selectmodule.c b/Modules/selectmodule.c
index 3eaee22c652c28..6ced71cca73178 100644
--- a/Modules/selectmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/selectmodule.c
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ A file descriptor is either a socket or file object, or a small integer
 gotten from a fileno() method call on one of those.
 
 The optional 4th argument specifies a timeout in seconds; it may be
-a floating point number to specify fractions of seconds.  If it is absent
+a floating-point number to specify fractions of seconds.  If it is absent
 or None, the call will never time out.
 
 The return value is a tuple of three lists corresponding to the first three
@@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ descriptors can be used.
 static PyObject *
 select_select_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *rlist, PyObject *wlist,
                    PyObject *xlist, PyObject *timeout_obj)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=2b3cfa824f7ae4cf input=e467f5d68033de00]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=2b3cfa824f7ae4cf input=1199d5e101abca4a]*/
 {
 #ifdef SELECT_USES_HEAP
     pylist *rfd2obj, *wfd2obj, *efd2obj;
@@ -473,6 +473,7 @@ update_ufd_array(pollObject *self)
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
 select.poll.register
 
     fd: fildes
@@ -486,7 +487,7 @@ Register a file descriptor with the polling object.
 
 static PyObject *
 select_poll_register_impl(pollObject *self, int fd, unsigned short eventmask)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=0dc7173c800a4a65 input=34e16cfb28d3c900]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=0dc7173c800a4a65 input=c475e029ce6c2830]*/
 {
     PyObject *key, *value;
     int err;
@@ -514,6 +515,7 @@ select_poll_register_impl(pollObject *self, int fd, unsigned short eventmask)
 
 
 /*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
 select.poll.modify
 
     fd: fildes
@@ -528,7 +530,7 @@ Modify an already registered file descriptor.
 
 static PyObject *
 select_poll_modify_impl(pollObject *self, int fd, unsigned short eventmask)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=1a7b88bf079eff17 input=a8e383df075c32cf]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=1a7b88bf079eff17 input=38c9db5346711872]*/
 {
     PyObject *key, *value;
     int err;
@@ -566,6 +568,7 @@ select_poll_modify_impl(pollObject *self, int fd, unsigned short eventmask)
 
 
 /*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
 select.poll.unregister
 
     fd: fildes
@@ -576,7 +579,7 @@ Remove a file descriptor being tracked by the polling object.
 
 static PyObject *
 select_poll_unregister_impl(pollObject *self, int fd)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=8c9f42e75e7d291b input=4b4fccc1040e79cb]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=8c9f42e75e7d291b input=ae6315d7f5243704]*/
 {
     PyObject *key;
 
@@ -599,6 +602,7 @@ select_poll_unregister_impl(pollObject *self, int fd)
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
 select.poll.poll
 
     timeout as timeout_obj: object = None
@@ -614,7 +618,7 @@ report, as a list of (fd, event) 2-tuples.
 
 static PyObject *
 select_poll_poll_impl(pollObject *self, PyObject *timeout_obj)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=876e837d193ed7e4 input=c2f6953ec45e5622]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=876e837d193ed7e4 input=54310631457efdec]*/
 {
     PyObject *result_list = NULL;
     int poll_result, i, j;
@@ -813,7 +817,7 @@ static int devpoll_flush(devpollObject *self)
 
     if (n < size) {
         /*
-        ** Data writed to /dev/poll is a binary data structure. It is not
+        ** Data written to /dev/poll is a binary data structure. It is not
         ** clear what to do if a partial write occurred. For now, raise
         ** an exception and see if we actually found this problem in
         ** the wild.
@@ -857,6 +861,7 @@ internal_devpoll_register(devpollObject *self, int fd,
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
 select.devpoll.register
 
     fd: fildes
@@ -872,12 +877,13 @@ Register a file descriptor with the polling object.
 static PyObject *
 select_devpoll_register_impl(devpollObject *self, int fd,
                              unsigned short eventmask)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=6e07fe8b74abba0c input=22006fabe9567522]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=6e07fe8b74abba0c input=8d48bd2653a61c42]*/
 {
     return internal_devpoll_register(self, fd, eventmask, 0);
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
 select.devpoll.modify
 
     fd: fildes
@@ -893,12 +899,13 @@ Modify a possible already registered file descriptor.
 static PyObject *
 select_devpoll_modify_impl(devpollObject *self, int fd,
                            unsigned short eventmask)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=bc2e6d23aaff98b4 input=09fa335db7cdc09e]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=bc2e6d23aaff98b4 input=773b37e9abca2460]*/
 {
     return internal_devpoll_register(self, fd, eventmask, 1);
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
 select.devpoll.unregister
 
     fd: fildes
@@ -909,7 +916,7 @@ Remove a file descriptor being tracked by the polling object.
 
 static PyObject *
 select_devpoll_unregister_impl(devpollObject *self, int fd)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=95519ffa0c7d43fe input=b4ea42a4442fd467]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=95519ffa0c7d43fe input=6052d368368d4d05]*/
 {
     if (self->fd_devpoll < 0)
         return devpoll_err_closed();
@@ -926,6 +933,7 @@ select_devpoll_unregister_impl(devpollObject *self, int fd)
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
 select.devpoll.poll
     timeout as timeout_obj: object = None
       The maximum time to wait in milliseconds, or else None (or a negative
@@ -940,7 +948,7 @@ report, as a list of (fd, event) 2-tuples.
 
 static PyObject *
 select_devpoll_poll_impl(devpollObject *self, PyObject *timeout_obj)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=2654e5457cca0b3c input=3c3f0a355ec2bedb]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=2654e5457cca0b3c input=fe7a3f6dcbc118c5]*/
 {
     struct dvpoll dvp;
     PyObject *result_list = NULL;
@@ -1059,6 +1067,7 @@ devpoll_internal_close(devpollObject *self)
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
 select.devpoll.close
 
 Close the devpoll file descriptor.
@@ -1068,7 +1077,7 @@ Further operations on the devpoll object will raise an exception.
 
 static PyObject *
 select_devpoll_close_impl(devpollObject *self)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=26b355bd6429f21b input=6273c30f5560a99b]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=26b355bd6429f21b input=408fde21a377ccfb]*/
 {
     errno = devpoll_internal_close(self);
     if (errno < 0) {
@@ -1088,6 +1097,7 @@ devpoll_get_closed(devpollObject *self, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
 select.devpoll.fileno
 
 Return the file descriptor.
@@ -1095,7 +1105,7 @@ Return the file descriptor.
 
 static PyObject *
 select_devpoll_fileno_impl(devpollObject *self)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=26920929f8d292f4 input=ef15331ebde6c368]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=26920929f8d292f4 input=8c9db2efa1ade538]*/
 {
     if (self->fd_devpoll < 0)
         return devpoll_err_closed();
@@ -1378,6 +1388,7 @@ pyepoll_dealloc(pyEpoll_Object *self)
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
 select.epoll.close
 
 Close the epoll control file descriptor.
@@ -1387,7 +1398,7 @@ Further operations on the epoll object will raise an exception.
 
 static PyObject *
 select_epoll_close_impl(pyEpoll_Object *self)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=ee2144c446a1a435 input=ca6c66ba5a736bfd]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=ee2144c446a1a435 input=f626a769192e1dbe]*/
 {
     errno = pyepoll_internal_close(self);
     if (errno < 0) {
@@ -2023,10 +2034,8 @@ kqueue_tracking_init(PyObject *module) {
 }
 
 static int
-kqueue_tracking_add(_selectstate *state, kqueue_queue_Object *self) {
-    if (!state->kqueue_tracking_initialized) {
-        kqueue_tracking_init(PyType_GetModule(Py_TYPE(self)));
-    }
+kqueue_tracking_add_lock_held(_selectstate *state, kqueue_queue_Object *self)
+{
     assert(self->kqfd >= 0);
     _kqueue_list_item *item = PyMem_New(_kqueue_list_item, 1);
     if (item == NULL) {
@@ -2039,8 +2048,23 @@ kqueue_tracking_add(_selectstate *state, kqueue_queue_Object *self) {
     return 0;
 }
 
+static int
+kqueue_tracking_add(_selectstate *state, kqueue_queue_Object *self)
+{
+    int ret;
+    PyObject *module = PyType_GetModule(Py_TYPE(self));
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(module);
+    if (!state->kqueue_tracking_initialized) {
+        kqueue_tracking_init(module);
+    }
+    ret = kqueue_tracking_add_lock_held(state, self);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+    return ret;
+}
+
 static void
-kqueue_tracking_remove(_selectstate *state, kqueue_queue_Object *self) {
+kqueue_tracking_remove_lock_held(_selectstate *state, kqueue_queue_Object *self)
+{
     _kqueue_list *listptr = &state->kqueue_open_list;
     while (*listptr != NULL) {
         _kqueue_list_item *item = *listptr;
@@ -2056,6 +2080,14 @@ kqueue_tracking_remove(_selectstate *state, kqueue_queue_Object *self) {
     assert(0);
 }
 
+static void
+kqueue_tracking_remove(_selectstate *state, kqueue_queue_Object *self)
+{
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(PyType_GetModule(Py_TYPE(self)));
+    kqueue_tracking_remove_lock_held(state, self);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+}
+
 static int
 kqueue_queue_internal_close(kqueue_queue_Object *self)
 {
@@ -2150,6 +2182,7 @@ kqueue_queue_finalize(kqueue_queue_Object *self)
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
 select.kqueue.close
 
 Close the kqueue control file descriptor.
@@ -2159,7 +2192,7 @@ Further operations on the kqueue object will raise an exception.
 
 static PyObject *
 select_kqueue_close_impl(kqueue_queue_Object *self)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=d1c7df0b407a4bc1 input=0b12d95430e0634c]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=d1c7df0b407a4bc1 input=6d763c858b17b690]*/
 {
     errno = kqueue_queue_internal_close(self);
     if (errno < 0) {
diff --git a/Modules/sha3module.c b/Modules/sha3module.c
index 084332c1efa0e0..ca839dc55e0519 100644
--- a/Modules/sha3module.c
+++ b/Modules/sha3module.c
@@ -432,7 +432,7 @@ _SHAKE_digest(SHA3object *self, unsigned long digestlen, int hex)
     }
 
     /* Get the raw (binary) digest value. The HACL functions errors out if:
-     * - the algorith is not shake -- not the case here
+     * - the algorithm is not shake -- not the case here
      * - the output length is zero -- we follow the existing behavior and return
      *   an empty digest, without raising an error */
     if (digestlen > 0) {
diff --git a/Modules/signalmodule.c b/Modules/signalmodule.c
index 7de5ebe0899b35..0e53a36bca55f0 100644
--- a/Modules/signalmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/signalmodule.c
@@ -638,7 +638,7 @@ signal_strsignal_impl(PyObject *module, int signalnum)
             res = "Aborted";
             break;
         case SIGFPE:
-            res = "Floating point exception";
+            res = "Floating-point exception";
             break;
         case SIGSEGV:
             res = "Segmentation fault";
@@ -1199,13 +1199,13 @@ signal.sigtimedwait
 
 Like sigwaitinfo(), but with a timeout.
 
-The timeout is specified in seconds, with floating point numbers allowed.
+The timeout is specified in seconds, with floating-point numbers allowed.
 [clinic start generated code]*/
 
 static PyObject *
 signal_sigtimedwait_impl(PyObject *module, sigset_t sigset,
                          PyObject *timeout_obj)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=59c8971e8ae18a64 input=87fd39237cf0b7ba]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=59c8971e8ae18a64 input=955773219c1596cd]*/
 {
     PyTime_t timeout;
     if (_PyTime_FromSecondsObject(&timeout,
@@ -1299,7 +1299,9 @@ signal_pthread_kill_impl(PyObject *module, unsigned long thread_id,
 #endif   /* #if defined(HAVE_PTHREAD_KILL) */
 
 
-#if defined(__linux__) && defined(__NR_pidfd_send_signal)
+// This system call always crashes on older Android versions.
+#if defined(__linux__) && defined(__NR_pidfd_send_signal) && \
+    !(defined(__ANDROID__) && __ANDROID_API__ < 31)
 /*[clinic input]
 signal.pidfd_send_signal
 
diff --git a/Modules/socketmodule.c b/Modules/socketmodule.c
index cb7dc25e23fb3d..2764bd6e2b2a47 100644
--- a/Modules/socketmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/socketmodule.c
@@ -1887,12 +1887,14 @@ getsockaddrarg(PySocketSockObject *s, PyObject *args,
 
 #ifdef AF_RDS
     case AF_RDS:
-        /* RDS sockets use sockaddr_in: fall-through */
+        /* RDS sockets use sockaddr_in */
+        _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
 #endif /* AF_RDS */
 
 #ifdef AF_DIVERT
     case AF_DIVERT:
-        /* FreeBSD divert(4) sockets use sockaddr_in: fall-through */
+        /* FreeBSD divert(4) sockets use sockaddr_in */
+        _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
 #endif /* AF_DIVERT */
 
     case AF_INET:
@@ -2214,7 +2216,7 @@ getsockaddrarg(PySocketSockObject *s, PyObject *args,
         switch (s->sock_proto) {
 #ifdef CAN_RAW
         case CAN_RAW:
-        /* fall-through */
+            _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
 #endif
 #ifdef CAN_BCM
         case CAN_BCM:
@@ -2590,7 +2592,8 @@ getsockaddrlen(PySocketSockObject *s, socklen_t *len_ret)
 
 #ifdef AF_RDS
     case AF_RDS:
-        /* RDS sockets use sockaddr_in: fall-through */
+        /* RDS sockets use sockaddr_in */
+       _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
 #endif /* AF_RDS */
 
     case AF_INET:
@@ -3163,6 +3166,17 @@ sock_setsockopt(PySocketSockObject *s, PyObject *args)
     /* setsockopt(level, opt, flag) */
     if (PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "iii:setsockopt",
                          &level, &optname, &flag)) {
+#ifdef MS_WINDOWS
+        if (optname == SIO_TCP_SET_ACK_FREQUENCY) {
+            int dummy;
+            res = WSAIoctl(s->sock_fd, SIO_TCP_SET_ACK_FREQUENCY, &flag,
+                           sizeof(flag), NULL, 0, &dummy, NULL, NULL);
+            if (res >= 0) {
+                s->quickack = flag;
+            }
+            goto done;
+        }
+#endif
         res = setsockopt(s->sock_fd, level, optname,
                          (char*)&flag, sizeof flag);
         goto done;
@@ -3248,6 +3262,11 @@ sock_getsockopt(PySocketSockObject *s, PyObject *args)
                 return s->errorhandler();
             return PyLong_FromUnsignedLong(vflag);
         }
+#endif
+#ifdef MS_WINDOWS
+        if (optname == SIO_TCP_SET_ACK_FREQUENCY) {
+            return PyLong_FromLong(s->quickack);
+        }
 #endif
         flagsize = sizeof flag;
         res = getsockopt(s->sock_fd, level, optname,
@@ -3328,8 +3347,19 @@ sockets the address is a tuple (ifname, proto [,pkttype [,hatype [,addr]]])");
    Set the file descriptor to -1 so operations tried subsequently
    will surely fail. */
 
+/*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
+_socket.socket.close
+    self as s: self(type="PySocketSockObject *")
+
+close()
+
+Close the socket.  It cannot be used after this call.
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+
 static PyObject *
-sock_close(PySocketSockObject *s, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
+_socket_socket_close_impl(PySocketSockObject *s)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=038b2418e07f6f6c input=9839a261e05bcb97]*/
 {
     SOCKET_T fd;
     int res;
@@ -3354,11 +3384,6 @@ sock_close(PySocketSockObject *s, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
     Py_RETURN_NONE;
 }
 
-PyDoc_STRVAR(sock_close_doc,
-"close()\n\
-\n\
-Close the socket.  It cannot be used after this call.");
-
 static PyObject *
 sock_detach(PySocketSockObject *s, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
@@ -3396,6 +3421,18 @@ sock_connect_impl(PySocketSockObject *s, void* Py_UNUSED(data))
     return 1;
 }
 
+/* Common functionality for socket.connect and socket.connect_ex.
+ *
+ * If *raise* is set:
+ * - On success, return 0.
+ * - On any failure, return -1 with an exception set.
+ * If *raise* is zero:
+ * - On success, return 0.
+ * - On connect() failure, return errno (without an exception set)
+ * - On other error, return -1 with an exception set.
+ *
+ *   Note that -1 is a valid errno value on some systems.
+ */
 static int
 internal_connect(PySocketSockObject *s, struct sockaddr *addr, int addrlen,
                  int raise)
@@ -3480,8 +3517,10 @@ sock_connect(PySocketSockObject *s, PyObject *addro)
     }
 
     res = internal_connect(s, SAS2SA(&addrbuf), addrlen, 1);
-    if (res < 0)
+    if (res < 0) {
+        assert(PyErr_Occurred());
         return NULL;
+    }
 
     Py_RETURN_NONE;
 }
@@ -3511,8 +3550,9 @@ sock_connect_ex(PySocketSockObject *s, PyObject *addro)
     }
 
     res = internal_connect(s, SAS2SA(&addrbuf), addrlen, 0);
-    if (res < 0)
+    if (res == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         return NULL;
+    }
 
     return PyLong_FromLong((long) res);
 }
@@ -5115,8 +5155,7 @@ static PyMethodDef sock_methods[] = {
     {"bind",              (PyCFunction)sock_bind, METH_O,
                       bind_doc},
 #endif
-    {"close",             (PyCFunction)sock_close, METH_NOARGS,
-                      sock_close_doc},
+    _SOCKET_SOCKET_CLOSE_METHODDEF
 #ifdef HAVE_CONNECT
     {"connect",           (PyCFunction)sock_connect, METH_O,
                       connect_doc},
@@ -5308,6 +5347,9 @@ sock_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
         ((PySocketSockObject *)new)->sock_fd = INVALID_SOCKET;
         ((PySocketSockObject *)new)->sock_timeout = _PyTime_FromSeconds(-1);
         ((PySocketSockObject *)new)->errorhandler = &set_error;
+#ifdef MS_WINDOWS
+        ((PySocketSockObject *)new)->quickack = 0;
+#endif
     }
     return new;
 }
@@ -5594,7 +5636,7 @@ socket_gethostname(PyObject *self, PyObject *unused)
         return PyErr_SetFromWindowsErr(0);
 
     if (size == 0)
-        return PyUnicode_New(0, 0);
+        return Py_GetConstant(Py_CONSTANT_EMPTY_STR);
 
     /* MSDN says ERROR_MORE_DATA may occur because DNS allows longer
        names */
@@ -7879,6 +7921,9 @@ socket_exec(PyObject *m)
 #ifdef  SO_OOBINLINE
     ADD_INT_MACRO(m, SO_OOBINLINE);
 #endif
+#ifdef  SO_ORIGINAL_DST
+    ADD_INT_MACRO(m, SO_ORIGINAL_DST);
+#endif
 #ifndef __GNU__
 #ifdef  SO_REUSEPORT
     ADD_INT_MACRO(m, SO_REUSEPORT);
@@ -8412,15 +8457,24 @@ socket_exec(PyObject *m)
 #ifdef  IP_TTL
     ADD_INT_MACRO(m, IP_TTL);
 #endif
+#ifdef  IP_RECVERR
+    ADD_INT_MACRO(m, IP_RECVERR);
+#endif
 #ifdef  IP_RECVOPTS
     ADD_INT_MACRO(m, IP_RECVOPTS);
 #endif
+#ifdef  IP_RECVORIGDSTADDR
+    ADD_INT_MACRO(m, IP_RECVORIGDSTADDR);
+#endif
 #ifdef  IP_RECVRETOPTS
     ADD_INT_MACRO(m, IP_RECVRETOPTS);
 #endif
 #ifdef  IP_RECVTOS
     ADD_INT_MACRO(m, IP_RECVTOS);
 #endif
+#ifdef  IP_RECVTTL
+    ADD_INT_MACRO(m, IP_RECVTTL);
+#endif
 #ifdef  IP_RECVDSTADDR
     ADD_INT_MACRO(m, IP_RECVDSTADDR);
 #endif
@@ -8524,6 +8578,9 @@ socket_exec(PyObject *m)
 #ifdef IPV6_RECVDSTOPTS
     ADD_INT_MACRO(m, IPV6_RECVDSTOPTS);
 #endif
+#ifdef IPV6_RECVERR
+    ADD_INT_MACRO(m, IPV6_RECVERR);
+#endif
 #ifdef IPV6_RECVHOPLIMIT
     ADD_INT_MACRO(m, IPV6_RECVHOPLIMIT);
 #endif
@@ -8599,6 +8656,9 @@ socket_exec(PyObject *m)
 #ifdef  TCP_CONNECTION_INFO
     ADD_INT_MACRO(m, TCP_CONNECTION_INFO);
 #endif
+#ifdef  SIO_TCP_SET_ACK_FREQUENCY
+#define TCP_QUICKACK SIO_TCP_SET_ACK_FREQUENCY
+#endif
 #ifdef  TCP_QUICKACK
     ADD_INT_MACRO(m, TCP_QUICKACK);
 #endif
diff --git a/Modules/socketmodule.h b/Modules/socketmodule.h
index 09fd70f351f1d8..e1d96377728eb9 100644
--- a/Modules/socketmodule.h
+++ b/Modules/socketmodule.h
@@ -172,6 +172,10 @@ typedef int socklen_t;
 # undef AF_VSOCK
 #endif
 
+#ifdef HAVE_LINUX_NETFILTER_IPV4_H
+# include <linux/netfilter_ipv4.h>
+#endif
+
 #ifdef HAVE_SOCKADDR_ALG
 
 # include <linux/if_alg.h>
@@ -325,6 +329,9 @@ typedef struct {
     PyTime_t sock_timeout;     /* Operation timeout in seconds;
                                         0.0 means non-blocking */
     struct _socket_state *state;
+#ifdef MS_WINDOWS
+    int quickack;
+#endif
 } PySocketSockObject;
 
 /* --- C API ----------------------------------------------------*/
diff --git a/Modules/symtablemodule.c b/Modules/symtablemodule.c
index 63c4dd4225298d..d0d5223e5acea8 100644
--- a/Modules/symtablemodule.c
+++ b/Modules/symtablemodule.c
@@ -76,11 +76,12 @@ symtable_init_constants(PyObject *m)
     if (PyModule_AddIntMacro(m, DEF_LOCAL) < 0) return -1;
     if (PyModule_AddIntMacro(m, DEF_PARAM) < 0) return -1;
     if (PyModule_AddIntMacro(m, DEF_TYPE_PARAM) < 0) return -1;
-    if (PyModule_AddIntMacro(m, DEF_FREE) < 0) return -1;
     if (PyModule_AddIntMacro(m, DEF_FREE_CLASS) < 0) return -1;
     if (PyModule_AddIntMacro(m, DEF_IMPORT) < 0) return -1;
     if (PyModule_AddIntMacro(m, DEF_BOUND) < 0) return -1;
     if (PyModule_AddIntMacro(m, DEF_ANNOT) < 0) return -1;
+    if (PyModule_AddIntMacro(m, DEF_COMP_ITER) < 0) return -1;
+    if (PyModule_AddIntMacro(m, DEF_COMP_CELL) < 0) return -1;
 
     if (PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "TYPE_FUNCTION", FunctionBlock) < 0)
         return -1;
@@ -90,11 +91,11 @@ symtable_init_constants(PyObject *m)
         return -1;
     if (PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "TYPE_ANNOTATION", AnnotationBlock) < 0)
         return -1;
-    if (PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "TYPE_TYPE_VAR_BOUND", TypeVarBoundBlock) < 0)
-        return -1;
     if (PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "TYPE_TYPE_ALIAS", TypeAliasBlock) < 0)
         return -1;
-    if (PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "TYPE_TYPE_PARAM", TypeParamBlock) < 0)
+    if (PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "TYPE_TYPE_PARAMETERS", TypeParametersBlock) < 0)
+        return -1;
+    if (PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "TYPE_TYPE_VARIABLE", TypeVariableBlock) < 0)
         return -1;
 
     if (PyModule_AddIntMacro(m, LOCAL) < 0) return -1;
diff --git a/Modules/timemodule.c b/Modules/timemodule.c
index ed2d32688ecea5..340011fc08b551 100644
--- a/Modules/timemodule.c
+++ b/Modules/timemodule.c
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ time_time(PyObject *self, PyObject *unused)
 
 
 PyDoc_STRVAR(time_doc,
-"time() -> floating point number\n\
+"time() -> floating-point number\n\
 \n\
 Return the current time in seconds since the Epoch.\n\
 Fractions of a second may be present if the system clock provides them.");
@@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ time_clock_getres(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
 }
 
 PyDoc_STRVAR(clock_getres_doc,
-"clock_getres(clk_id) -> floating point number\n\
+"clock_getres(clk_id) -> floating-point number\n\
 \n\
 Return the resolution (precision) of the specified clock clk_id.");
 
@@ -413,7 +413,7 @@ PyDoc_STRVAR(sleep_doc,
 "sleep(seconds)\n\
 \n\
 Delay execution for a given number of seconds.  The argument may be\n\
-a floating point number for subsecond precision.");
+a floating-point number for subsecond precision.");
 
 static PyStructSequence_Field struct_time_type_fields[] = {
     {"tm_year", "year, for example, 1993"},
@@ -739,10 +739,6 @@ checktm(struct tm* buf)
     return 1;
 }
 
-#ifdef MS_WINDOWS
-   /* wcsftime() doesn't format correctly time zones, see issue #10653 */
-#  undef HAVE_WCSFTIME
-#endif
 #define STRFTIME_FORMAT_CODES \
 "Commonly used format codes:\n\
 \n\
@@ -776,27 +772,100 @@ the C library strftime function.\n"
 #endif
 
 static PyObject *
-time_strftime(PyObject *module, PyObject *args)
+time_strftime1(time_char **outbuf, size_t *bufsize,
+               time_char *format, size_t fmtlen,
+               struct tm *tm)
 {
-    PyObject *tup = NULL;
-    struct tm buf;
-    const time_char *fmt;
+    size_t buflen;
+#if defined(MS_WINDOWS) && !defined(HAVE_WCSFTIME)
+    /* check that the format string contains only valid directives */
+    for (const time_char *f = strchr(format, '%');
+        f != NULL;
+        f = strchr(f + 2, '%'))
+    {
+        if (f[1] == '#')
+            ++f; /* not documented by python, */
+        if (f[1] == '\0')
+            break;
+        if ((f[1] == 'y') && tm->tm_year < 0) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                            "format %y requires year >= 1900 on Windows");
+            return NULL;
+        }
+    }
+#elif (defined(_AIX) || (defined(__sun) && defined(__SVR4))) && defined(HAVE_WCSFTIME)
+    for (const time_char *f = wcschr(format, '%');
+        f != NULL;
+        f = wcschr(f + 2, '%'))
+    {
+        if (f[1] == L'\0')
+            break;
+        /* Issue #19634: On AIX, wcsftime("y", (1899, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0))
+           returns "0/" instead of "99" */
+        if (f[1] == L'y' && tm->tm_year < 0) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                            "format %y requires year >= 1900 on AIX");
+            return NULL;
+        }
+    }
+#endif
+
+    /* I hate these functions that presume you know how big the output
+     * will be ahead of time...
+     */
+    while (1) {
+        if (*bufsize > PY_SSIZE_T_MAX/sizeof(time_char)) {
+            PyErr_NoMemory();
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        *outbuf = (time_char *)PyMem_Realloc(*outbuf,
+                                             *bufsize*sizeof(time_char));
+        if (*outbuf == NULL) {
+            PyErr_NoMemory();
+            return NULL;
+        }
+#if defined _MSC_VER && _MSC_VER >= 1400 && defined(__STDC_SECURE_LIB__)
+        errno = 0;
+#endif
+        _Py_BEGIN_SUPPRESS_IPH
+        buflen = format_time(*outbuf, *bufsize, format, tm);
+        _Py_END_SUPPRESS_IPH
+#if defined _MSC_VER && _MSC_VER >= 1400 && defined(__STDC_SECURE_LIB__)
+        /* VisualStudio .NET 2005 does this properly */
+        if (buflen == 0 && errno == EINVAL) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "Invalid format string");
+            return NULL;
+        }
+#endif
+        if (buflen == 0 && *bufsize < 256 * fmtlen) {
+            *bufsize += *bufsize;
+            continue;
+        }
+        /* If the buffer is 256 times as long as the format,
+           it's probably not failing for lack of room!
+           More likely, the format yields an empty result,
+           e.g. an empty format, or %Z when the timezone
+           is unknown. */
 #ifdef HAVE_WCSFTIME
-    wchar_t *format;
+        return PyUnicode_FromWideChar(*outbuf, buflen);
 #else
-    PyObject *format;
+        return PyUnicode_DecodeLocaleAndSize(*outbuf, buflen, "surrogateescape");
 #endif
+    }
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+time_strftime(PyObject *module, PyObject *args)
+{
+    PyObject *tup = NULL;
+    struct tm buf;
     PyObject *format_arg;
-    size_t fmtlen, buflen;
-    time_char *outbuf = NULL;
-    size_t i;
-    PyObject *ret = NULL;
+    Py_ssize_t format_size;
+    time_char *format, *outbuf = NULL;
+    size_t fmtlen, bufsize = 1024;
 
     memset((void *) &buf, '\0', sizeof(buf));
 
-    /* Will always expect a unicode string to be passed as format.
-       Given that there's no str type anymore in py3k this seems safe.
-    */
     if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "U|O:strftime", &format_arg, &tup))
         return NULL;
 
@@ -813,7 +882,12 @@ time_strftime(PyObject *module, PyObject *args)
         return NULL;
     }
 
-#if defined(_MSC_VER) || (defined(__sun) && defined(__SVR4)) || defined(_AIX) || defined(__VXWORKS__)
+// Some platforms only support a limited range of years.
+//
+// Android works with negative years on the emulator, but fails on some
+// physical devices (#123017).
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) || (defined(__sun) && defined(__SVR4)) || defined(_AIX) \
+    || defined(__VXWORKS__) || defined(__ANDROID__)
     if (buf.tm_year + 1900 < 1 || 9999 < buf.tm_year + 1900) {
         PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
                         "strftime() requires year in [1; 9999]");
@@ -829,101 +903,63 @@ time_strftime(PyObject *module, PyObject *args)
     else if (buf.tm_isdst > 1)
         buf.tm_isdst = 1;
 
-#ifdef HAVE_WCSFTIME
-    format = PyUnicode_AsWideCharString(format_arg, NULL);
-    if (format == NULL)
+    format_size = PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(format_arg);
+    if ((size_t)format_size > PY_SSIZE_T_MAX/sizeof(time_char) - 1) {
+        PyErr_NoMemory();
         return NULL;
-    fmt = format;
-#else
-    /* Convert the unicode string to an ascii one */
-    format = PyUnicode_EncodeLocale(format_arg, "surrogateescape");
-    if (format == NULL)
+    }
+    format = PyMem_Malloc((format_size + 1)*sizeof(time_char));
+    if (format == NULL) {
+        PyErr_NoMemory();
         return NULL;
-    fmt = PyBytes_AS_STRING(format);
-#endif
-
-#if defined(MS_WINDOWS) && !defined(HAVE_WCSFTIME)
-    /* check that the format string contains only valid directives */
-    for (outbuf = strchr(fmt, '%');
-        outbuf != NULL;
-        outbuf = strchr(outbuf+2, '%'))
-    {
-        if (outbuf[1] == '#')
-            ++outbuf; /* not documented by python, */
-        if (outbuf[1] == '\0')
-            break;
-        if ((outbuf[1] == 'y') && buf.tm_year < 0) {
-            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
-                        "format %y requires year >= 1900 on Windows");
-            Py_DECREF(format);
-            return NULL;
-        }
     }
-#elif (defined(_AIX) || (defined(__sun) && defined(__SVR4))) && defined(HAVE_WCSFTIME)
-    for (outbuf = wcschr(fmt, '%');
-        outbuf != NULL;
-        outbuf = wcschr(outbuf+2, '%'))
-    {
-        if (outbuf[1] == L'\0')
-            break;
-        /* Issue #19634: On AIX, wcsftime("y", (1899, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0))
-           returns "0/" instead of "99" */
-        if (outbuf[1] == L'y' && buf.tm_year < 0) {
-            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
-                            "format %y requires year >= 1900 on AIX");
-            PyMem_Free(format);
-            return NULL;
+    _PyUnicodeWriter writer;
+    _PyUnicodeWriter_Init(&writer);
+    writer.overallocate = 1;
+    Py_ssize_t i = 0;
+    while (i < format_size) {
+        fmtlen = 0;
+        for (; i < format_size; i++) {
+            Py_UCS4 c = PyUnicode_READ_CHAR(format_arg, i);
+            if (!c || c > 127) {
+                break;
+            }
+            format[fmtlen++] = (char)c;
         }
-    }
-#endif
-
-    fmtlen = time_strlen(fmt);
-
-    /* I hate these functions that presume you know how big the output
-     * will be ahead of time...
-     */
-    for (i = 1024; ; i += i) {
-        outbuf = (time_char *)PyMem_Malloc(i*sizeof(time_char));
-        if (outbuf == NULL) {
-            PyErr_NoMemory();
-            break;
+        if (fmtlen) {
+            format[fmtlen] = 0;
+            PyObject *unicode = time_strftime1(&outbuf, &bufsize,
+                                               format, fmtlen, &buf);
+            if (unicode == NULL) {
+                goto error;
+            }
+            if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteStr(&writer, unicode) < 0) {
+                Py_DECREF(unicode);
+                goto error;
+            }
+            Py_DECREF(unicode);
         }
-#if defined _MSC_VER && _MSC_VER >= 1400 && defined(__STDC_SECURE_LIB__)
-        errno = 0;
-#endif
-        _Py_BEGIN_SUPPRESS_IPH
-        buflen = format_time(outbuf, i, fmt, &buf);
-        _Py_END_SUPPRESS_IPH
-#if defined _MSC_VER && _MSC_VER >= 1400 && defined(__STDC_SECURE_LIB__)
-        /* VisualStudio .NET 2005 does this properly */
-        if (buflen == 0 && errno == EINVAL) {
-            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "Invalid format string");
-            PyMem_Free(outbuf);
-            break;
+
+        Py_ssize_t start = i;
+        for (; i < format_size; i++) {
+            Py_UCS4 c = PyUnicode_READ_CHAR(format_arg, i);
+            if (c == '%') {
+                break;
+            }
         }
-#endif
-        if (buflen > 0 || i >= 256 * fmtlen) {
-            /* If the buffer is 256 times as long as the format,
-               it's probably not failing for lack of room!
-               More likely, the format yields an empty result,
-               e.g. an empty format, or %Z when the timezone
-               is unknown. */
-#ifdef HAVE_WCSFTIME
-            ret = PyUnicode_FromWideChar(outbuf, buflen);
-#else
-            ret = PyUnicode_DecodeLocaleAndSize(outbuf, buflen, "surrogateescape");
-#endif
-            PyMem_Free(outbuf);
-            break;
+        if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteSubstring(&writer, format_arg, start, i) < 0) {
+            goto error;
         }
-        PyMem_Free(outbuf);
     }
-#ifdef HAVE_WCSFTIME
+
+    PyMem_Free(outbuf);
     PyMem_Free(format);
-#else
-    Py_DECREF(format);
-#endif
-    return ret;
+    return _PyUnicodeWriter_Finish(&writer);
+error:
+    PyMem_Free(outbuf);
+    PyMem_Free(format);
+    _PyUnicodeWriter_Dealloc(&writer);
+    return NULL;
 }
 
 #undef time_char
@@ -1104,7 +1140,7 @@ time_mktime(PyObject *module, PyObject *tm_tuple)
 }
 
 PyDoc_STRVAR(mktime_doc,
-"mktime(tuple) -> floating point number\n\
+"mktime(tuple) -> floating-point number\n\
 \n\
 Convert a time tuple in local time to seconds since the Epoch.\n\
 Note that mktime(gmtime(0)) will not generally return zero for most\n\
@@ -1288,9 +1324,14 @@ py_process_time(time_module_state *state, PyTime_t *tp,
 
     /* clock_gettime */
 // gh-115714: Don't use CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID on WASI.
+/* CLOCK_PROF is defined on NetBSD, but not supported.
+ * CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID is broken on NetBSD for the same reason as
+ * CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID (see comment below).
+ */
 #if defined(HAVE_CLOCK_GETTIME) \
     && (defined(CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID) || defined(CLOCK_PROF)) \
-    && !defined(__wasi__)
+    && !defined(__wasi__) \
+    && !defined(__NetBSD__)
     struct timespec ts;
 
     if (HAVE_CLOCK_GETTIME_RUNTIME) {
@@ -1483,12 +1524,19 @@ _PyTime_GetThreadTimeWithInfo(PyTime_t *tp, _Py_clock_info_t *info)
     return 0;
 }
 
+/* CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID is broken on NetBSD: the result of clock_gettime()
+ * includes the sleeping time, that defeats the purpose of the clock.
+ * Also, clock_getres() does not support it.
+ * https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/123978
+ * https://gnats.netbsd.org/57512
+ */
 #elif defined(HAVE_CLOCK_GETTIME) && \
-      defined(CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID) && \
-      !defined(__EMSCRIPTEN__) && !defined(__wasi__)
+      defined(CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID) && \
+      !defined(__EMSCRIPTEN__) && !defined(__wasi__) && \
+      !defined(__NetBSD__)
 #define HAVE_THREAD_TIME
 
-#if defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__has_attribute) && __has_attribute(availability)
+#if defined(__APPLE__) && _Py__has_attribute(availability)
 static int
 _PyTime_GetThreadTimeWithInfo(PyTime_t *tp, _Py_clock_info_t *info)
      __attribute__((availability(macos, introduced=10.12)))
@@ -1902,7 +1950,7 @@ PyDoc_STRVAR(module_doc,
 \n\
 There are two standard representations of time.  One is the number\n\
 of seconds since the Epoch, in UTC (a.k.a. GMT).  It may be an integer\n\
-or a floating point number (to represent fractions of seconds).\n\
+or a floating-point number (to represent fractions of seconds).\n\
 The epoch is the point where the time starts, the return value of time.gmtime(0).\n\
 It is January 1, 1970, 00:00:00 (UTC) on all platforms.\n\
 \n\
diff --git a/Modules/unicodedata.c b/Modules/unicodedata.c
index 333ffe68a454e4..60bde755d24574 100644
--- a/Modules/unicodedata.c
+++ b/Modules/unicodedata.c
@@ -413,7 +413,7 @@ unicodedata_UCD_decomposition_impl(PyObject *self, int chr)
     if (UCD_Check(self)) {
         const change_record *old = get_old_record(self, c);
         if (old->category_changed == 0)
-            return PyUnicode_FromString(""); /* unassigned */
+            return Py_GetConstant(Py_CONSTANT_EMPTY_STR); /* unassigned */
     }
 
     if (code < 0 || code >= 0x110000)
diff --git a/Modules/unicodedata_db.h b/Modules/unicodedata_db.h
index 3e210863448b78..610ee6b749cb0c 100644
--- a/Modules/unicodedata_db.h
+++ b/Modules/unicodedata_db.h
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-/* this file was generated by ./Tools/unicode/makeunicodedata.py 3.3 */
+/* this file was generated by Tools/unicode/makeunicodedata.py 3.3 */
 
-#define UNIDATA_VERSION "15.1.0"
+#define UNIDATA_VERSION "16.0.0"
 /* a list of unique database records */
 const _PyUnicode_DatabaseRecord _PyUnicode_Database_Records[] = {
     {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
@@ -334,24 +334,28 @@ const _PyUnicode_DatabaseRecord _PyUnicode_Database_Records[] = {
     {30, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0},
     {1, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0},
     {2, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0},
+    {27, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0},
     {9, 0, 12, 0, 0, 0},
     {9, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0},
+    {5, 0, 1, 0, 0, 90},
     {4, 9, 1, 0, 0, 0},
+    {4, 0, 14, 0, 0, 90},
+    {19, 0, 1, 0, 0, 90},
     {4, 0, 14, 0, 2, 0},
     {5, 6, 1, 0, 2, 0},
+    {30, 0, 1, 0, 0, 136},
+    {7, 0, 9, 0, 0, 136},
     {30, 0, 1, 0, 0, 170},
     {5, 216, 1, 0, 0, 0},
     {5, 226, 1, 0, 0, 0},
-    {27, 0, 1, 0, 0, 136},
-    {7, 0, 9, 0, 0, 136},
-    {30, 0, 1, 0, 0, 136},
+    {9, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0},
     {30, 0, 1, 0, 4, 0},
     {29, 0, 19, 0, 2, 0},
 };
 
 /* Reindexing of NFC first characters. */
-#define TOTAL_FIRST 377
-#define TOTAL_LAST 63
+#define TOTAL_FIRST 391
+#define TOTAL_LAST 72
 struct reindex{int start;short count,index;};
 static struct reindex nfc_first[] = {
     { 60, 2, 0},
@@ -557,14 +561,27 @@ static struct reindex nfc_first[] = {
     { 12507, 0, 361},
     { 12527, 3, 362},
     { 12541, 0, 366},
-    { 69785, 0, 367},
-    { 69787, 0, 368},
-    { 69797, 0, 369},
-    { 69937, 1, 370},
-    { 70471, 0, 372},
-    { 70841, 0, 373},
-    { 71096, 1, 374},
-    { 71989, 0, 376},
+    { 67026, 0, 367},
+    { 67034, 0, 368},
+    { 69785, 0, 369},
+    { 69787, 0, 370},
+    { 69797, 0, 371},
+    { 69937, 1, 372},
+    { 70471, 0, 374},
+    { 70530, 0, 375},
+    { 70532, 0, 376},
+    { 70539, 0, 377},
+    { 70544, 0, 378},
+    { 70594, 0, 379},
+    { 70841, 0, 380},
+    { 71096, 1, 381},
+    { 71989, 0, 383},
+    { 90398, 0, 384},
+    { 90401, 1, 385},
+    { 90409, 0, 387},
+    { 93539, 0, 388},
+    { 93543, 0, 389},
+    { 93545, 0, 390},
     {0,0,0}
 };
 
@@ -604,11 +621,18 @@ static struct reindex nfc_last[] = {
   { 69927, 0, 55},
   { 70462, 0, 56},
   { 70487, 0, 57},
-  { 70832, 0, 58},
-  { 70842, 0, 59},
-  { 70845, 0, 60},
-  { 71087, 0, 61},
-  { 71984, 0, 62},
+  { 70584, 0, 58},
+  { 70587, 0, 59},
+  { 70594, 0, 60},
+  { 70601, 0, 61},
+  { 70832, 0, 62},
+  { 70842, 0, 63},
+  { 70845, 0, 64},
+  { 71087, 0, 65},
+  { 71984, 0, 66},
+  { 90398, 2, 67},
+  { 90409, 0, 70},
+  { 93543, 0, 71},
   {0,0,0}
 };
 
@@ -742,42 +766,41 @@ static const unsigned short index1[] = {
     120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 121, 121, 122, 123,
     124, 125, 126, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136,
     137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 41, 41, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149,
-    150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 137, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162,
-    163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 137, 169, 170, 137, 171, 172, 173, 174,
-    137, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 137, 182, 183, 184, 185, 137,
-    186, 187, 188, 41, 41, 41, 41, 41, 41, 41, 189, 190, 41, 191, 137, 137,
+    150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163,
+    164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 137, 173, 174, 175, 176,
+    137, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 137,
+    189, 190, 191, 41, 41, 41, 41, 41, 41, 41, 192, 193, 41, 194, 137, 137,
     137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137,
-    137, 137, 137, 137, 192, 41, 41, 41, 41, 41, 41, 41, 41, 193, 137, 137,
+    137, 137, 137, 137, 195, 41, 41, 41, 41, 41, 41, 41, 41, 196, 41, 41, 41,
+    41, 41, 41, 41, 41, 41, 41, 41, 41, 41, 41, 41, 41, 41, 41, 41, 41, 41,
+    41, 41, 41, 41, 41, 41, 41, 41, 41, 134, 41, 41, 41, 41, 197, 137, 137,
     137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137,
     137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137,
-    137, 41, 41, 41, 41, 194, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137,
     137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137,
-    137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137,
-    137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137,
-    137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137,
-    137, 137, 41, 41, 41, 41, 195, 196, 197, 198, 137, 137, 137, 137, 199,
-    200, 201, 202, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101,
+    137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 198, 137, 137, 137, 137,
+    137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 41, 41, 41, 41, 199, 200,
+    201, 202, 137, 137, 203, 137, 204, 205, 206, 207, 101, 101, 101, 101,
     101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101,
     101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101,
-    101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 203, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101,
-    101, 101, 101, 101, 204, 205, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137,
-    137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137,
+    101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101,
+    101, 208, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 209, 210, 137,
     137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137,
     137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137,
     137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137,
-    137, 137, 137, 137, 206, 101, 101, 207, 101, 101, 208, 137, 137, 137,
     137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137,
-    137, 209, 210, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137,
+    137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 211, 101, 101,
+    212, 101, 101, 213, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137,
+    137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 214, 215, 137, 137, 137, 137,
     137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137,
-    137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 211, 212, 78, 213,
-    214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 137, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 78,
-    78, 78, 78, 227, 228, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 229, 137,
-    230, 231, 232, 137, 137, 233, 137, 137, 137, 234, 137, 137, 137, 137,
-    137, 235, 236, 237, 238, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 239, 240, 241, 137,
-    242, 243, 137, 137, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 137, 249, 250, 251, 252,
-    253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266,
-    137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101,
-    101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101,
+    137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 216, 217,
+    216, 216, 216, 218, 219, 220, 78, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 137, 227,
+    228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 78, 78, 78, 78, 235, 236, 137, 137,
+    137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 237, 137, 238, 239, 240, 137, 137, 241,
+    137, 137, 137, 242, 137, 243, 137, 137, 137, 244, 245, 246, 247, 137,
+    137, 137, 137, 137, 248, 249, 250, 137, 251, 252, 137, 137, 253, 254,
+    255, 256, 257, 137, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267,
+    268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 216, 274, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137,
+    137, 137, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101,
     101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101,
     101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101,
     101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101,
@@ -800,57 +823,57 @@ static const unsigned short index1[] = {
     101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101,
     101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101,
     101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101,
-    101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 267, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101,
+    101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 275,
     101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101,
-    101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 268, 101, 269, 101,
     101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101,
+    101, 101, 101, 101, 276, 101, 277, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101,
     101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101,
     101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101,
-    101, 270, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101,
+    101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 278, 101, 101, 101, 101,
     101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101,
     101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101,
     101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101,
-    101, 101, 101, 271, 101, 101, 101, 101, 272, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273,
-    273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273,
-    121, 121, 121, 121, 274, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273,
-    273, 275, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101,
+    101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 279, 101, 101,
+    101, 101, 280, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281,
+    281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 121, 121, 121, 121, 282, 281,
+    281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 283, 101, 101, 101, 101,
     101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101,
-    101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 276, 101,
     101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101,
+    101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 284, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101,
     101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101,
-    101, 101, 101, 277, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273,
-    273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273,
-    273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273,
-    273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273,
-    273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273,
-    273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273,
-    273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273,
-    273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273,
-    273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273,
-    273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273,
-    273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273,
-    273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273,
-    273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273,
-    273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273,
-    273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273,
-    273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273,
-    273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273,
-    273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273,
-    273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273,
-    273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273,
-    273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273,
-    273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273,
-    273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273,
-    273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273,
-    273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273,
-    273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273,
-    273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273,
-    273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273,
-    273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273,
-    273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273,
-    273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273,
-    273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 275, 137, 137, 137, 137,
-    137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137,
+    101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 285, 281, 281,
+    281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281,
+    281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281,
+    281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281,
+    281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281,
+    281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281,
+    281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281,
+    281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281,
+    281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281,
+    281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281,
+    281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281,
+    281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281,
+    281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281,
+    281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281,
+    281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281,
+    281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281,
+    281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281,
+    281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281,
+    281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281,
+    281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281,
+    281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281,
+    281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281,
+    281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281,
+    281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281,
+    281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281,
+    281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281,
+    281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281,
+    281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281,
+    281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281,
+    281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281,
+    281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281,
+    281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281,
+    281, 281, 281, 283, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137,
     137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137,
     137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137,
     137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137,
@@ -1215,8 +1238,8 @@ static const unsigned short index1[] = {
     137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137,
     137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137,
     137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137,
-    137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 278, 137, 279, 280, 137, 137, 137, 137,
     137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137,
+    286, 137, 287, 288, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137,
     137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137,
     137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137,
     137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137,
@@ -1252,6 +1275,7 @@ static const unsigned short index1[] = {
     137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137,
     137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137,
     137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137,
+    137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 137, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120,
     120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120,
     120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120,
     120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120,
@@ -1288,7 +1312,7 @@ static const unsigned short index1[] = {
     120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120,
     120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120,
     120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120,
-    120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 281, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120,
+    120, 289, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120,
     120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120,
     120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120,
     120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120,
@@ -1324,8 +1348,7 @@ static const unsigned short index1[] = {
     120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120,
     120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120,
     120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120,
-    120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120,
-    120, 281,
+    120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 289,
 };
 
 static const unsigned short index2[] = {
@@ -1457,7 +1480,7 @@ static const unsigned short index2[] = {
     118, 118, 118, 118, 118, 118, 118, 118, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 118, 118, 118,
     118, 118, 118, 118, 118, 118, 118, 118, 118, 118, 118, 118, 118, 118,
     118, 118, 118, 118, 118, 118, 118, 140, 118, 118, 118, 118, 118, 118, 0,
-    108, 108, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 81, 86, 86, 86, 81, 81, 81, 81, 118, 118,
+    108, 108, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 81, 81, 86, 86, 86, 81, 81, 81, 81, 118, 118,
     118, 118, 118, 118, 118, 118, 118, 118, 118, 118, 118, 118, 118, 118,
     118, 118, 118, 118, 118, 118, 118, 118, 118, 118, 118, 118, 118, 118,
     118, 118, 118, 118, 118, 118, 118, 118, 118, 118, 118, 120, 81, 81, 81,
@@ -1713,46 +1736,46 @@ static const unsigned short index2[] = {
     48, 142, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
     48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 147,
     148, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 149, 135, 149, 141, 141, 149, 149, 135,
-    149, 176, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 0, 0, 146, 146, 146, 146,
+    149, 176, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 83, 83, 146, 146, 146, 146,
     146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 83, 83, 83, 83, 83, 83, 83, 80, 80, 80, 80,
     80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 81, 86, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 80, 80, 80,
-    80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 83, 83, 0, 135, 135, 141, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
-    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
-    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 141, 135, 135, 135, 135, 141, 141, 135, 135, 176,
-    144, 135, 135, 48, 48, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146,
+    80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 83, 83, 83, 135, 135, 141, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
     48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
+    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 141, 135, 135, 135, 135, 141, 141, 135, 135,
+    176, 144, 135, 135, 48, 48, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146,
+    146, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
     48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
-    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 147, 141, 135, 135, 141, 141, 141, 135,
-    141, 135, 135, 135, 176, 176, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 83, 83, 83, 83, 48,
+    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 147, 141, 135, 135, 141, 141, 141,
+    135, 141, 135, 135, 135, 176, 176, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 83, 83, 83,
+    83, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
     48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
-    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 141,
-    141, 141, 141, 141, 141, 141, 141, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135,
-    135, 141, 141, 135, 147, 0, 0, 0, 83, 83, 83, 83, 83, 146, 146, 146, 146,
-    146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 0, 0, 0, 48, 48, 48, 146, 146, 146, 146,
-    146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
+    48, 141, 141, 141, 141, 141, 141, 141, 141, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135,
+    135, 135, 141, 141, 135, 147, 0, 0, 0, 83, 83, 83, 83, 83, 146, 146, 146,
+    146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 0, 0, 0, 48, 48, 48, 146, 146, 146,
+    146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
     48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
-    48, 53, 53, 53, 53, 53, 53, 83, 83, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44,
+    48, 48, 48, 53, 53, 53, 53, 53, 53, 83, 83, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47,
+    47, 47, 44, 47, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44,
     44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44,
-    44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 0, 0, 44, 44, 44, 83, 83,
-    83, 83, 83, 83, 83, 83, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 81, 81, 81, 83, 178, 86,
-    86, 86, 86, 86, 81, 81, 86, 86, 86, 86, 81, 141, 178, 178, 178, 178, 178,
-    178, 178, 48, 48, 48, 48, 86, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 81, 48, 48, 141,
-    81, 81, 48, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47,
+    44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 0, 0, 44, 44,
+    44, 83, 83, 83, 83, 83, 83, 83, 83, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 81, 81, 81,
+    83, 178, 86, 86, 86, 86, 86, 81, 81, 86, 86, 86, 86, 81, 141, 178, 178,
+    178, 178, 178, 178, 178, 48, 48, 48, 48, 86, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 81,
+    48, 48, 141, 81, 81, 48, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47,
     47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47,
-    47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 51, 51, 51,
-    53, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 53, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51,
-    51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 53, 51, 51, 51, 51,
-    51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51,
-    51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47,
-    47, 51, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47,
     47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47,
+    51, 51, 51, 53, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 53, 51, 51,
+    51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 53, 51,
     51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51,
+    51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47,
+    47, 47, 47, 47, 51, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47,
+    47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47,
+    47, 47, 47, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51,
     51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51,
-    51, 81, 81, 86, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 86, 81, 81, 179, 180, 86,
-    181, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81,
+    51, 51, 51, 51, 81, 81, 86, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 86, 81, 81, 179,
+    180, 86, 181, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81,
     81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81,
-    81, 81, 182, 88, 88, 86, 183, 81, 184, 86, 81, 86, 38, 43, 38, 43, 38,
+    81, 81, 81, 81, 182, 88, 88, 86, 183, 81, 184, 86, 81, 86, 38, 43, 38,
     43, 38, 43, 38, 43, 38, 43, 38, 43, 38, 43, 38, 43, 38, 43, 38, 43, 38,
     43, 38, 43, 38, 43, 38, 43, 38, 43, 38, 43, 38, 43, 38, 43, 38, 43, 38,
     43, 38, 43, 38, 43, 38, 43, 38, 43, 38, 43, 38, 43, 38, 43, 38, 43, 38,
@@ -1761,245 +1784,245 @@ static const unsigned short index2[] = {
     43, 38, 43, 38, 43, 38, 43, 38, 43, 38, 43, 38, 43, 38, 43, 38, 43, 38,
     43, 38, 43, 38, 43, 38, 43, 38, 43, 38, 43, 38, 43, 38, 43, 38, 43, 38,
     43, 38, 43, 38, 43, 38, 43, 38, 43, 38, 43, 38, 43, 38, 43, 38, 43, 38,
-    43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 35, 185, 47, 47, 44, 47, 38, 43, 38, 43, 38, 43, 38,
+    43, 38, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 35, 185, 47, 47, 44, 47, 38, 43, 38, 43, 38,
     43, 38, 43, 38, 43, 38, 43, 38, 43, 38, 43, 38, 43, 38, 43, 38, 43, 38,
     43, 38, 43, 38, 43, 38, 43, 38, 43, 38, 43, 38, 43, 38, 43, 38, 43, 38,
     43, 38, 43, 38, 43, 38, 43, 38, 43, 38, 43, 38, 43, 38, 43, 38, 43, 38,
     43, 38, 43, 38, 43, 38, 43, 38, 43, 38, 43, 38, 43, 38, 43, 38, 43, 38,
-    43, 38, 43, 38, 43, 38, 43, 38, 43, 38, 43, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 43,
-    43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 38, 38, 38, 38, 38, 38, 38, 38, 43, 43, 43,
-    43, 43, 43, 0, 0, 38, 38, 38, 38, 38, 38, 0, 0, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43,
-    43, 43, 38, 38, 38, 38, 38, 38, 38, 38, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43,
-    38, 38, 38, 38, 38, 38, 38, 38, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 0, 0, 38, 38, 38,
-    38, 38, 38, 0, 0, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 0, 38, 0, 38, 0, 38, 0,
-    38, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 38, 38, 38, 38, 38, 38, 38, 38, 43,
-    186, 43, 186, 43, 186, 43, 186, 43, 186, 43, 186, 43, 186, 0, 0, 43, 43,
-    43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 187, 187, 187, 187, 187, 187, 187, 187, 43, 43,
-    43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 187, 187, 187, 187, 187, 187, 187, 187, 43, 43,
-    43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 187, 187, 187, 187, 187, 187, 187, 187, 43, 43,
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+    26, 26, 26, 30, 26, 30, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
+    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 26, 26, 26,
+    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 30, 26, 30, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 243, 243, 243, 243,
+    243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
+    26, 26, 26, 26, 30, 30, 26, 30, 30, 30, 26, 30, 30, 30, 30, 26, 30, 30,
+    26, 40, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 243,
+    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 26,
+    26, 26, 243, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 30, 30, 26, 243, 26,
+    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 243, 243, 80, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
+    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 243, 243, 30, 26, 26, 26, 26, 243, 243,
+    30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 243, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 243, 30, 30, 30,
+    30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 26, 30, 26, 26, 26, 26, 30, 30,
+    243, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 243, 243, 30, 243, 30, 30, 30, 30, 243,
+    30, 30, 243, 30, 30, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 243, 26, 26, 26, 26, 243, 243,
     26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
-    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 243, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
-    26, 26, 26, 243, 236, 78, 78, 236, 236, 165, 166, 78, 236, 236, 78, 236,
-    236, 236, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 236, 236, 236, 236, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78,
-    236, 236, 236, 78, 78, 78, 236, 236, 236, 236, 9, 10, 9, 10, 9, 10, 9,
-    10, 165, 166, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78,
-    78, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80,
+    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 243, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
+    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 30, 26, 26, 26, 26,
+    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 243, 26, 243, 26, 26, 26, 26,
+    243, 243, 243, 26, 243, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
+    26, 26, 26, 26, 165, 166, 165, 166, 165, 166, 165, 166, 165, 166, 165,
+    166, 165, 166, 247, 247, 247, 247, 247, 247, 247, 247, 247, 247, 155,
+    155, 155, 155, 155, 155, 155, 155, 155, 155, 155, 155, 155, 155, 155,
+    155, 155, 155, 155, 155, 26, 243, 243, 243, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
+    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 243,
+    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 243, 236, 78, 78,
+    236, 236, 165, 166, 78, 236, 236, 78, 236, 236, 236, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78,
+    236, 236, 236, 236, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 236, 236, 236, 78, 78, 78, 236,
+    236, 236, 236, 9, 10, 9, 10, 9, 10, 9, 10, 165, 166, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78,
+    78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80,
     80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80,
     80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80,
     80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80,
     80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80,
     80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80,
     80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80,
-    80, 80, 80, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78,
+    80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78,
+    78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78,
     78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78,
     78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78,
     78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78,
     78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78,
     78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78,
     78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78,
-    78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 165, 166, 9, 10, 165, 166, 165, 166, 165,
-    166, 165, 166, 165, 166, 165, 166, 165, 166, 165, 166, 165, 166, 78, 78,
-    236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 78, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236,
-    236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 236, 78,
-    78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 78, 78, 78, 236,
-    78, 78, 78, 78, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 78, 236, 236, 78, 78, 165, 166,
-    165, 166, 236, 78, 78, 78, 78, 236, 78, 236, 236, 236, 78, 78, 236, 236,
-    78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 78,
-    78, 165, 166, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 236, 236,
-    230, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236,
-    236, 236, 236, 78, 236, 236, 236, 236, 78, 78, 236, 78, 236, 78, 78, 236,
-    78, 236, 236, 236, 236, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 236, 236, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78,
-    78, 236, 236, 236, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78,
-    78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 236, 236, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78,
-    78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 236, 236, 78, 78, 78, 78, 236, 236, 236, 236, 78,
-    236, 236, 78, 78, 236, 230, 220, 220, 78, 78, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236,
+    165, 166, 9, 10, 165, 166, 165, 166, 165, 166, 165, 166, 165, 166, 165,
+    166, 165, 166, 165, 166, 165, 166, 78, 78, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236,
+    78, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236,
+    78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 236, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 236,
+    236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 78, 78, 78, 236, 78, 78, 78, 78, 236, 236, 236,
+    236, 236, 78, 236, 236, 78, 78, 165, 166, 165, 166, 236, 78, 78, 78, 78,
+    236, 78, 236, 236, 236, 78, 78, 236, 236, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78,
+    78, 78, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 78, 78, 165, 166, 78, 78, 78, 78,
+    78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 236, 236, 230, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236,
+    236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 78, 236, 236, 236,
+    236, 78, 78, 236, 78, 236, 78, 78, 236, 78, 236, 236, 236, 236, 78, 78,
+    78, 78, 78, 236, 236, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 236, 236, 236, 78, 78, 78,
+    78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78,
+    78, 78, 78, 236, 236, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 236,
+    236, 78, 78, 78, 78, 236, 236, 236, 236, 78, 236, 236, 78, 78, 236, 230,
+    220, 220, 78, 78, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236,
     236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236,
     236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236,
-    236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 78, 78, 236, 236, 236,
-    236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 78, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236,
+    236, 236, 236, 236, 78, 78, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 78,
     236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236,
     236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236,
-    236, 236, 236, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 249, 78, 236, 78, 78, 78, 236, 236,
-    236, 236, 236, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 236, 236, 236, 78, 78, 78, 78, 236,
-    78, 78, 78, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 78, 236, 78, 78, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
+    236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 78, 78, 78,
+    78, 78, 249, 78, 236, 78, 78, 78, 236, 236, 236, 236, 236, 78, 78, 78,
+    78, 78, 236, 236, 236, 78, 78, 78, 78, 236, 78, 78, 78, 236, 236, 236,
+    236, 236, 78, 236, 78, 78, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
+    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 243, 243,
     26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
-    26, 26, 26, 26, 243, 243, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
-    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78,
-    78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 26, 26, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78,
-    26, 26, 26, 243, 26, 26, 26, 26, 243, 30, 30, 30, 30, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
+    26, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78,
+    78, 78, 78, 78, 26, 26, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 26, 26, 26, 243, 26, 26,
+    26, 26, 243, 30, 30, 30, 30, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
+    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 0, 0, 26, 26,
     26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
-    26, 26, 26, 0, 0, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
+    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 0, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
     26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
-    0, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
     26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
     26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
     26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
     26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
-    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 250, 26, 44, 44,
+    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 250, 26, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44,
     44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44,
     44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44,
-    44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47,
+    44, 44, 44, 44, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47,
     47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47,
-    47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47,
-    47, 47, 47, 47, 44, 47, 44, 44, 44, 47, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44,
-    44, 44, 44, 47, 44, 47, 47, 44, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 51, 51, 44, 44,
+    47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 44, 47,
+    44, 44, 44, 47, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 44, 44, 44, 47, 44, 47,
+    47, 44, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 51, 51, 44, 44, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47,
     44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47,
     44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47,
     44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47,
     44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47,
     44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47,
-    44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 47, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 44,
-    47, 44, 47, 81, 81, 81, 44, 47, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 138, 138, 138, 138, 155,
-    138, 138, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47,
+    44, 47, 44, 47, 47, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 44, 47, 44, 47, 81, 81, 81,
+    44, 47, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 138, 138, 138, 138, 155, 138, 138, 47, 47, 47, 47,
     47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47,
-    47, 47, 47, 47, 0, 47, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 47, 0, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
-    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
+    47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 0, 47, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 47, 0, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
     48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
-    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 51, 83, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 144, 48, 48, 48, 48,
     48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
-    48, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 48, 48, 48,
-    48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
-    48, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 48,
-    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 81, 81, 81, 81,
+    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 51, 83, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 144, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
+    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 48,
+    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48,
+    48, 48, 48, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
+    0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81,
     81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81,
-    81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 138, 138, 28, 36, 28, 36, 138,
-    138, 138, 28, 36, 138, 28, 36, 138, 138, 138, 138, 138, 138, 138, 138,
-    138, 84, 138, 138, 84, 138, 28, 36, 138, 138, 28, 36, 165, 166, 165, 166,
-    165, 166, 165, 166, 138, 138, 138, 138, 138, 52, 138, 138, 138, 138, 138,
-    138, 138, 138, 138, 138, 84, 84, 138, 138, 138, 138, 84, 138, 199, 138,
-    138, 138, 138, 138, 138, 138, 138, 138, 138, 138, 138, 138, 26, 26, 138,
-    138, 138, 165, 166, 165, 166, 165, 166, 165, 166, 84, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
-    243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 0,
-    243, 243, 243, 243, 251, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
+    81, 81, 81, 81, 138, 138, 28, 36, 28, 36, 138, 138, 138, 28, 36, 138, 28,
+    36, 138, 138, 138, 138, 138, 138, 138, 138, 138, 84, 138, 138, 84, 138,
+    28, 36, 138, 138, 28, 36, 165, 166, 165, 166, 165, 166, 165, 166, 138,
+    138, 138, 138, 138, 52, 138, 138, 138, 138, 138, 138, 138, 138, 138, 138,
+    84, 84, 138, 138, 138, 138, 84, 138, 199, 138, 138, 138, 138, 138, 138,
+    138, 138, 138, 138, 138, 138, 138, 26, 26, 138, 138, 138, 165, 166, 165,
+    166, 165, 166, 165, 166, 84, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 243, 243, 243,
     243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
+    243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 0, 243, 243, 243, 243, 251,
     243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
     243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
     243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
     243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
-    243, 243, 243, 243, 251, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 251, 251,
-    251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251,
+    243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
+    243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 251, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251,
     251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251,
     251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251,
     251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251,
@@ -2014,59 +2037,60 @@ static const unsigned short index2[] = {
     251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251,
     251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251,
     251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251,
-    251, 251, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
-    243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 252, 253, 253, 253, 243, 254, 172, 255, 256,
-    257, 256, 257, 256, 257, 256, 257, 256, 257, 243, 243, 256, 257, 256,
-    257, 256, 257, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 260, 243, 255, 255, 255, 255,
-    255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 265, 258, 254, 254,
-    254, 254, 254, 251, 243, 266, 266, 266, 254, 172, 253, 243, 26, 0, 172,
-    172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 267, 172, 267, 172,
+    251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 251, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 243, 243, 243, 243,
+    243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 252, 253,
+    253, 253, 243, 254, 172, 255, 256, 257, 256, 257, 256, 257, 256, 257,
+    256, 257, 243, 243, 256, 257, 256, 257, 256, 257, 256, 257, 258, 259,
+    260, 260, 243, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 261, 262,
+    263, 264, 265, 265, 258, 254, 254, 254, 254, 254, 251, 243, 266, 266,
+    266, 254, 172, 253, 243, 26, 0, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
+    172, 172, 172, 267, 172, 267, 172, 267, 172, 267, 172, 267, 172, 267,
+    172, 267, 172, 267, 172, 267, 172, 267, 172, 267, 172, 267, 172, 172,
+    267, 172, 267, 172, 267, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 267, 267, 172,
+    267, 267, 172, 267, 267, 172, 267, 267, 172, 267, 267, 172, 172, 172,
+    172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
+    172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 267, 172, 172, 0, 0, 268, 268, 269, 269, 254,
+    270, 271, 258, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
     267, 172, 267, 172, 267, 172, 267, 172, 267, 172, 267, 172, 267, 172,
-    267, 172, 267, 172, 267, 172, 172, 267, 172, 267, 172, 267, 172, 172,
-    172, 172, 172, 172, 267, 267, 172, 267, 267, 172, 267, 267, 172, 267,
-    267, 172, 267, 267, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
-    172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 267, 172,
-    172, 0, 0, 268, 268, 269, 269, 254, 270, 271, 258, 172, 172, 172, 172,
-    172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 267, 172, 267, 172, 267, 172, 267,
-    172, 267, 172, 267, 172, 267, 172, 267, 172, 267, 172, 267, 172, 267,
-    172, 267, 172, 172, 267, 172, 267, 172, 267, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
-    172, 267, 267, 172, 267, 267, 172, 267, 267, 172, 267, 267, 172, 267,
-    267, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
-    172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 267, 172, 172, 267, 267,
-    267, 267, 253, 254, 254, 270, 271, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 172, 172, 172, 172,
+    267, 172, 267, 172, 267, 172, 267, 172, 267, 172, 172, 267, 172, 267,
+    172, 267, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 267, 267, 172, 267, 267, 172,
+    267, 267, 172, 267, 267, 172, 267, 267, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
+    172, 172, 267, 172, 172, 267, 267, 267, 267, 253, 254, 254, 270, 271, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
-    172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 0, 271, 271, 271,
-    271, 271, 271, 271, 271, 271, 271, 271, 271, 271, 271, 271, 271, 271,
+    172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
+    172, 172, 172, 0, 271, 271, 271, 271, 271, 271, 271, 271, 271, 271, 271,
     271, 271, 271, 271, 271, 271, 271, 271, 271, 271, 271, 271, 271, 271,
     271, 271, 271, 271, 271, 271, 271, 271, 271, 271, 271, 271, 271, 271,
     271, 271, 271, 271, 271, 271, 271, 271, 271, 271, 271, 271, 271, 271,
     271, 271, 271, 271, 271, 271, 271, 271, 271, 271, 271, 271, 271, 271,
     271, 271, 271, 271, 271, 271, 271, 271, 271, 271, 271, 271, 271, 271,
-    271, 271, 271, 271, 271, 271, 271, 0, 272, 272, 273, 273, 273, 273, 274,
-    274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
+    271, 271, 271, 271, 271, 271, 271, 271, 271, 271, 271, 271, 271, 0, 272,
+    272, 273, 273, 273, 273, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274,
+    274, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
-    172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 243,
+    172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
     243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
     243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
-    243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 243,
-    172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
-    172, 172, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274,
+    243, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 243, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
+    172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274,
     274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274,
-    274, 274, 274, 251, 251, 0, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273,
-    273, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274,
+    274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 251, 251, 0, 273, 273,
+    273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274,
     274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274,
-    274, 274, 274, 275, 275, 275, 275, 275, 275, 275, 275, 251, 276, 276,
-    276, 276, 276, 276, 276, 276, 276, 276, 276, 276, 276, 276, 276, 274,
+    274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 275, 275, 275, 275,
+    275, 275, 275, 275, 251, 276, 276, 276, 276, 276, 276, 276, 276, 276,
+    276, 276, 276, 276, 276, 276, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274,
     274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274,
-    274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 251,
-    251, 251, 272, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 274,
+    274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 251, 251, 251, 272, 273, 273, 273, 273,
+    273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 273, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274,
     274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274,
     274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274,
-    274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 276, 276, 276, 276,
-    276, 276, 276, 276, 276, 276, 276, 276, 276, 276, 276, 274, 274, 274,
-    274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 251, 251, 251, 251, 274,
+    274, 274, 274, 276, 276, 276, 276, 276, 276, 276, 276, 276, 276, 276,
+    276, 276, 276, 276, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274,
+    274, 274, 251, 251, 251, 251, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274,
     274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274,
     274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274,
     274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274,
@@ -2078,18 +2102,17 @@ static const unsigned short index2[] = {
     274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274,
     274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274,
     274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274,
-    274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 251, 251,
-    251, 251, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274,
+    274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 251, 251, 251, 251, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274,
     274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274,
     274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274,
     274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274,
     274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274,
     274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274,
     274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274,
-    274, 274, 274, 251, 251, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274,
+    274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 251, 251, 274, 274,
     274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274,
-    274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 251, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
-    172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
+    274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274,
+    274, 251, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
@@ -2102,12 +2125,14 @@ static const unsigned short index2[] = {
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
-    172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
-    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
-    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
-    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 172, 172,
+    172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 243, 243,
+    243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
+    243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
+    243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
+    243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
+    243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
+    172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 254,
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
-    172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 254, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
@@ -2115,100 +2140,100 @@ static const unsigned short index2[] = {
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
-    172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 0, 0, 0,
+    172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 0, 0, 0, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
     243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
     243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
     243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
-    243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
+    243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 48, 48, 48,
     48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
-    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 53, 53, 53, 53, 53, 53, 83, 83, 48, 48,
-    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 53, 138, 138, 138, 48, 48, 48,
-    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 146, 146, 146, 146,
-    146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 48, 48, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47,
-    44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47,
-    44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 48, 81,
-    82, 82, 82, 138, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 138, 52, 44, 47,
-    44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47,
-    44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 51, 51, 81, 81, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
+    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
+    48, 53, 53, 53, 53, 53, 53, 83, 83, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
+    48, 48, 48, 53, 138, 138, 138, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
+    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146,
+    48, 48, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 44,
+    47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44,
+    47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44,
+    47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 48, 81, 82, 82, 82, 138, 81, 81, 81,
+    81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 138, 52, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44,
+    47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44,
+    47, 51, 51, 81, 81, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
     48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
     48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
     48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
-    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 175, 175, 175, 175, 175, 175,
-    175, 175, 175, 175, 81, 81, 83, 83, 83, 83, 83, 83, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54,
-    54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 54, 54, 44,
-    47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 47, 47, 44, 47, 44,
+    48, 48, 48, 175, 175, 175, 175, 175, 175, 175, 175, 175, 175, 81, 81, 83,
+    83, 83, 83, 83, 83, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54,
+    54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 52, 52,
+    52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 54, 54, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44,
+    47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 47, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44,
     47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44,
     47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44,
+    47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 51, 47, 47,
+    47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44,
+    47, 44, 47, 52, 277, 277, 44, 47, 44, 47, 48, 44, 47, 44, 47, 47, 47, 44,
     47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44,
-    47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 51, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47,
-    44, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 52, 277, 277, 44, 47, 44, 47,
-    48, 44, 47, 44, 47, 47, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44,
-    47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 47, 44, 44, 44,
-    44, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44,
-    44, 44, 44, 47, 44, 47, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 44, 47, 0, 47, 0, 47, 44, 47, 44,
-    47, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 51, 51, 51, 44, 47, 48, 51, 51, 47, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 135,
-    48, 48, 48, 144, 48, 48, 48, 48, 135, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
-    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 141, 141, 135,
-    135, 141, 26, 26, 26, 26, 144, 0, 0, 0, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 80,
-    80, 85, 229, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
-    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
-    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
-    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 138, 138, 138, 138, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 141,
-    141, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
+    47, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 47, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44,
+    47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 44, 44, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 44,
+    47, 0, 0, 44, 47, 0, 47, 0, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 47, 44, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 51, 51, 51, 44, 47,
+    48, 51, 51, 47, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 135, 48, 48, 48, 144, 48, 48,
+    48, 48, 135, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
+    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 141, 141, 135, 135, 141, 26, 26, 26, 26,
+    144, 0, 0, 0, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 80, 80, 85, 229, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
     48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
-    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 141, 141,
-    141, 141, 141, 141, 141, 141, 141, 141, 141, 141, 141, 141, 141, 141,
-    144, 135, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 83, 83, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146,
-    146, 146, 146, 146, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81,
-    81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 83, 83, 83,
-    48, 83, 48, 48, 135, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146,
-    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
-    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 86, 86,
-    86, 83, 83, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
-    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135,
-    135, 135, 135, 141, 176, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 83, 172, 172,
+    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 138,
+    138, 138, 138, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 141, 141, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
+    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
+    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
+    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 141, 141, 141, 141, 141, 141, 141, 141,
+    141, 141, 141, 141, 141, 141, 141, 141, 144, 135, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    83, 83, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81,
+    81, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 83, 83, 83, 48, 83, 48, 48, 135, 146, 146,
+    146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
+    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
+    48, 48, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 86, 86, 86, 83, 83, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
+    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
+    135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 141, 176, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 83, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
-    172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 0, 0, 0,
-    135, 135, 135, 141, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
-    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
-    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 147, 141,
-    141, 135, 135, 135, 135, 141, 141, 135, 135, 141, 141, 176, 83, 83, 83,
-    83, 83, 83, 83, 83, 83, 83, 83, 83, 83, 0, 53, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146,
-    146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 0, 0, 0, 0, 83, 83, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 135, 53,
-    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146,
-    146, 146, 146, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
-    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
-    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 135, 135, 135,
-    135, 135, 135, 141, 141, 135, 135, 141, 141, 135, 135, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 48, 48, 48, 135, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 135, 141, 0, 0,
-    146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 0, 0, 83, 83, 83, 83,
-    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 53, 48,
-    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 80, 80, 80, 48, 141, 135, 141, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
-    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
-    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
-    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 81, 48, 81, 81, 86, 48, 48, 81, 81,
-    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 81, 81, 48, 81, 48, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 48, 48, 53, 83, 83, 48, 48, 48,
-    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 141, 135, 135, 141, 141, 83, 83, 48, 53,
-    53, 141, 144, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 0,
-    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 0,
-    47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47,
+    172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 0, 0, 0, 135, 135, 135, 141, 48, 48, 48,
+    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
+    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
+    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 147, 141, 141, 135, 135, 135, 135, 141,
+    141, 135, 135, 141, 141, 176, 83, 83, 83, 83, 83, 83, 83, 83, 83, 83, 83,
+    83, 83, 0, 53, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 83, 83, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 135, 53, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
+    48, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
+    0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
+    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
+    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 141, 141, 135, 135,
+    141, 141, 135, 135, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 48, 48, 48, 135, 48, 48,
+    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 135, 141, 0, 0, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146,
+    146, 146, 146, 146, 0, 0, 83, 83, 83, 83, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
+    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 53, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 80, 80, 80,
+    48, 141, 135, 141, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
+    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
+    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
+    48, 81, 48, 81, 81, 86, 48, 48, 81, 81, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 81, 81, 48,
+    81, 48, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 48, 48, 53, 83, 83, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
+    141, 135, 135, 141, 141, 83, 83, 48, 53, 53, 141, 144, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 0,
+    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
+    48, 48, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47,
     47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47,
-    47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 277, 51, 51, 51, 51, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47,
-    47, 47, 47, 51, 54, 54, 0, 0, 0, 0, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47,
+    47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 277,
+    51, 51, 51, 51, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 51, 54, 54, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47,
     47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47,
     47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47,
     47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47,
-    47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 48,
+    47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
     48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
-    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 141, 141,
-    135, 141, 141, 135, 141, 141, 83, 141, 144, 0, 0, 146, 146, 146, 146,
-    146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267,
+    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 141, 141, 135, 141, 141, 135, 141, 141,
+    83, 141, 144, 0, 0, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267,
     267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267,
     267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267,
     267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267,
@@ -2219,13 +2244,12 @@ static const unsigned short index2[] = {
     267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267,
     267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267,
     267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267,
-    267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267,
-    267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 48, 48, 48,
-    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
-    48, 48, 0, 0, 0, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
+    267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
+    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 0, 0, 0, 48, 48, 48,
     48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
     48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 278, 278, 278, 278, 278, 278, 278, 278, 278, 278, 278, 278,
+    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 0, 0, 0, 278, 278, 278, 278,
     278, 278, 278, 278, 278, 278, 278, 278, 278, 278, 278, 278, 278, 278,
     278, 278, 278, 278, 278, 278, 278, 278, 278, 278, 278, 278, 278, 278,
     278, 278, 278, 278, 278, 278, 278, 278, 278, 278, 278, 278, 278, 278,
@@ -2234,7 +2258,8 @@ static const unsigned short index2[] = {
     278, 278, 278, 278, 278, 278, 278, 278, 278, 278, 278, 278, 278, 278,
     278, 278, 278, 278, 278, 278, 278, 278, 278, 278, 278, 278, 278, 278,
     278, 278, 278, 278, 278, 278, 278, 278, 278, 278, 278, 278, 278, 278,
-    278, 278, 278, 278, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279,
+    278, 278, 278, 278, 278, 278, 278, 278, 278, 278, 278, 278, 279, 279,
+    279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279,
     279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279,
     279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279,
     279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279,
@@ -2243,7 +2268,6 @@ static const unsigned short index2[] = {
     279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279,
     279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279,
     279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279,
-    279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280,
     280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280,
     280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280,
     280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280,
@@ -2253,38 +2277,39 @@ static const unsigned short index2[] = {
     280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280,
     280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280,
     280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280,
-    280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 172, 172, 280, 172, 280, 172,
-    172, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 172, 280, 172,
-    280, 172, 172, 280, 280, 172, 172, 172, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280,
     280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280,
+    280, 280, 172, 172, 280, 172, 280, 172, 172, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280,
+    280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 172, 280, 172, 280, 172, 172, 280, 280, 172,
+    172, 172, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280,
     280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280,
     280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280,
     280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280,
-    280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 281, 281, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280,
     280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280,
+    281, 281, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280,
     280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280,
     280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280,
     280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280,
     280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280,
     280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280,
     280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280,
-    280, 280, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281,
+    280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 281, 281, 281, 281,
+    281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281,
     281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281,
-    281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 35, 35, 35,
-    35, 35, 35, 35, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 282, 283, 282, 284, 284, 284, 284, 284, 284, 284, 284,
-    284, 219, 282, 282, 282, 282, 282, 282, 282, 282, 282, 282, 282, 282,
-    282, 0, 282, 282, 282, 282, 282, 0, 282, 0, 282, 282, 0, 282, 282, 0,
-    282, 282, 282, 282, 282, 282, 282, 282, 282, 284, 131, 131, 131, 131,
+    281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 282, 283, 282,
+    284, 284, 284, 284, 284, 284, 284, 284, 284, 219, 282, 282, 282, 282,
+    282, 282, 282, 282, 282, 282, 282, 282, 282, 0, 282, 282, 282, 282, 282,
+    0, 282, 0, 282, 282, 0, 282, 282, 0, 282, 282, 282, 282, 282, 282, 282,
+    282, 282, 284, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131,
     131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131,
     131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131,
     131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131,
     131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131,
     131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131,
     131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131,
-    131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 140, 140, 140, 140,
-    140, 140, 140, 140, 140, 140, 140, 140, 140, 140, 140, 140, 140, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131,
+    131, 131, 131, 140, 140, 140, 140, 140, 140, 140, 140, 140, 140, 140,
+    140, 140, 140, 140, 140, 140, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131,
     131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131,
     131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131,
     131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131,
@@ -2300,27 +2325,27 @@ static const unsigned short index2[] = {
     131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131,
     131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131,
     131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131,
+    131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 285, 199, 26,
+    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 131, 131,
     131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131,
-    131, 131, 131, 131, 285, 199, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
-    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131,
     131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131,
     131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131,
     131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131,
-    131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 0, 0, 131,
+    131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 0, 0, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131,
     131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131,
     131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131,
     131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131,
-    131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 26, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131,
-    131, 131, 131, 131, 286, 26, 26, 26, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71,
-    71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 287, 287, 287, 287, 287, 287, 287, 288, 289,
-    287, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 86, 86, 86, 86, 86,
-    86, 86, 81, 81, 287, 290, 290, 291, 291, 288, 289, 288, 289, 288, 289,
-    288, 289, 288, 289, 288, 289, 288, 289, 288, 289, 253, 253, 288, 289,
-    287, 287, 287, 287, 291, 291, 291, 292, 287, 292, 0, 287, 292, 287, 287,
-    290, 293, 294, 293, 294, 293, 294, 295, 287, 287, 296, 297, 298, 298,
-    299, 0, 287, 300, 295, 287, 0, 0, 0, 0, 131, 131, 131, 118, 131, 0, 131,
+    131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 26, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 286, 26, 26,
+    26, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 287,
+    287, 287, 287, 287, 287, 287, 288, 289, 287, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 81, 81,
+    81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 86, 86, 86, 86, 86, 86, 86, 81, 81, 287, 290, 290,
+    291, 291, 288, 289, 288, 289, 288, 289, 288, 289, 288, 289, 288, 289,
+    288, 289, 288, 289, 253, 253, 288, 289, 287, 287, 287, 287, 291, 291,
+    291, 292, 287, 292, 0, 287, 292, 287, 287, 290, 293, 294, 293, 294, 293,
+    294, 295, 287, 287, 296, 297, 298, 298, 299, 0, 287, 300, 295, 287, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 131, 131, 131, 118, 131, 0, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131,
     131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131,
     131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131,
     131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131,
@@ -2330,133 +2355,133 @@ static const unsigned short index2[] = {
     131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131,
     131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131,
     131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131,
-    131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 0, 0, 177, 0, 301, 301, 302, 303,
-    302, 301, 301, 304, 305, 301, 306, 307, 308, 307, 307, 309, 309, 309,
-    309, 309, 309, 309, 309, 309, 309, 307, 301, 310, 311, 310, 301, 301,
+    131, 0, 0, 177, 0, 301, 301, 302, 303, 302, 301, 301, 304, 305, 301, 306,
+    307, 308, 307, 307, 309, 309, 309, 309, 309, 309, 309, 309, 309, 309,
+    307, 301, 310, 311, 310, 301, 301, 312, 312, 312, 312, 312, 312, 312,
     312, 312, 312, 312, 312, 312, 312, 312, 312, 312, 312, 312, 312, 312,
-    312, 312, 312, 312, 312, 312, 312, 312, 312, 312, 312, 312, 304, 301,
-    305, 313, 314, 313, 315, 315, 315, 315, 315, 315, 315, 315, 315, 315,
+    312, 312, 312, 312, 312, 304, 301, 305, 313, 314, 313, 315, 315, 315,
     315, 315, 315, 315, 315, 315, 315, 315, 315, 315, 315, 315, 315, 315,
-    315, 315, 304, 311, 305, 311, 304, 305, 316, 317, 318, 316, 316, 319,
-    319, 319, 319, 319, 319, 319, 319, 319, 319, 320, 319, 319, 319, 319,
+    315, 315, 315, 315, 315, 315, 315, 315, 315, 304, 311, 305, 311, 304,
+    305, 316, 317, 318, 316, 316, 319, 319, 319, 319, 319, 319, 319, 319,
+    319, 319, 320, 319, 319, 319, 319, 319, 319, 319, 319, 319, 319, 319,
     319, 319, 319, 319, 319, 319, 319, 319, 319, 319, 319, 319, 319, 319,
     319, 319, 319, 319, 319, 319, 319, 319, 319, 319, 319, 319, 319, 319,
-    319, 319, 319, 319, 319, 319, 319, 319, 319, 319, 319, 319, 319, 320,
-    320, 319, 319, 319, 319, 319, 319, 319, 319, 319, 319, 319, 319, 319,
+    319, 319, 319, 319, 319, 319, 320, 320, 319, 319, 319, 319, 319, 319,
     319, 319, 319, 319, 319, 319, 319, 319, 319, 319, 319, 319, 319, 319,
-    319, 319, 319, 319, 0, 0, 0, 319, 319, 319, 319, 319, 319, 0, 0, 319,
-    319, 319, 319, 319, 319, 0, 0, 319, 319, 319, 319, 319, 319, 0, 0, 319,
-    319, 319, 0, 0, 0, 303, 303, 311, 313, 321, 303, 303, 0, 322, 323, 323,
-    323, 323, 322, 322, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 324, 324, 324, 26, 30,
-    0, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48,
-    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
-    48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
-    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 48, 48, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
-    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
-    48, 48, 48, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
+    319, 319, 319, 319, 319, 319, 319, 319, 319, 319, 319, 0, 0, 0, 319, 319,
+    319, 319, 319, 319, 0, 0, 319, 319, 319, 319, 319, 319, 0, 0, 319, 319,
+    319, 319, 319, 319, 0, 0, 319, 319, 319, 0, 0, 0, 303, 303, 311, 313,
+    321, 303, 303, 0, 322, 323, 323, 323, 323, 322, 322, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 324, 324, 324, 26, 30, 0, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
+    48, 48, 48, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
+    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
+    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 48, 48, 0, 48,
+    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 0, 48, 48, 48,
+    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
     48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
     48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
     48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
     48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
     48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
-    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 83, 138, 83, 0, 0, 0, 0, 150,
-    150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150,
+    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 83, 138, 83, 0, 0, 0, 0, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150,
     150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150,
     150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150,
-    150, 150, 0, 0, 0, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 325, 325, 325,
+    150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 0, 0, 0, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80,
+    80, 80, 80, 325, 325, 325, 325, 325, 325, 325, 325, 325, 325, 325, 325,
     325, 325, 325, 325, 325, 325, 325, 325, 325, 325, 325, 325, 325, 325,
     325, 325, 325, 325, 325, 325, 325, 325, 325, 325, 325, 325, 325, 325,
-    325, 325, 325, 325, 325, 325, 325, 325, 325, 325, 325, 325, 325, 325,
-    325, 325, 325, 325, 325, 325, 325, 325, 155, 155, 155, 155, 26, 26, 26,
-    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 155, 155, 26, 80,
-    80, 0, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 0, 0, 0, 26,
+    325, 325, 325, 325, 325, 325, 325, 325, 325, 325, 325, 325, 325, 155,
+    155, 155, 155, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
+    26, 26, 26, 155, 155, 26, 80, 80, 0, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
+    26, 26, 26, 26, 0, 0, 0, 26, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 80,
-    80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80,
     80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80,
-    80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 86, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 86, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 48, 48,
-    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
-    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 0, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
+    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 0, 0,
     48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
     48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
-    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 86,
+    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 86, 326, 326, 326, 326, 326, 326, 326, 326, 326,
     326, 326, 326, 326, 326, 326, 326, 326, 326, 326, 326, 326, 326, 326,
-    326, 326, 326, 326, 326, 326, 326, 326, 326, 326, 326, 326, 326, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
-    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 150, 150,
-    150, 150, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
-    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 175, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
-    48, 48, 175, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
+    326, 326, 326, 326, 0, 0, 0, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
     48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
-    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    48, 48, 48, 48, 150, 150, 150, 150, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 48, 48,
     48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
-    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 83, 48, 48, 48, 48,
+    175, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 175, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48,
     48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
-    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 0, 0, 0, 48,
-    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 83, 175, 175, 175, 175, 175, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44,
+    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 81, 81,
+    81, 81, 81, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
+    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
+    48, 0, 83, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
+    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
+    48, 48, 48, 0, 0, 0, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 83, 175, 175,
+    175, 175, 175, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 44,
     44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44,
-    44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 47, 47, 47, 47,
-    47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47,
+    44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44,
+    44, 44, 44, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47,
     47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47,
+    47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
     48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
     48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
     48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
-    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
-    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 0, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146,
-    146, 146, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44,
+    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 0, 146, 146, 146,
+    146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44,
     44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44,
-    44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 0, 0, 0, 0, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47,
+    44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 0, 0, 0, 0, 47, 47,
     47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47,
-    47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 0, 0, 0, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
+    47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
     48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
-    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
+    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
     48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
     48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
-    48, 48, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 83, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44,
-    44, 44, 44, 44, 0, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44,
-    44, 44, 0, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 0, 44, 44, 0, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47,
-    47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 0, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47,
-    47, 47, 47, 47, 0, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 0, 47, 47, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
+    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 83,
+    44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 0, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44,
+    44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 0, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 0, 44,
+    44, 0, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 0, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47,
+    47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 0, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 0,
+    47, 47, 0, 0, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 142, 48, 48, 48, 48,
     48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
+    48, 48, 48, 48, 142, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
+    48, 48, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
     48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
-    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
-    48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
-    48, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 53, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 0, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51,
+    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
+    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
+    48, 48, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 53, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 0, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51,
     51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51,
-    51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 0, 51, 51, 51, 51,
-    51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 0, 51, 51, 51,
+    51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 0, 0, 107, 0, 107, 107, 107, 107,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 0, 0, 107, 0, 107, 107, 107,
     107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107,
     107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107,
-    107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 0, 107, 107,
-    0, 0, 0, 107, 0, 0, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107,
-    107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 0, 104,
-    327, 327, 327, 327, 327, 327, 327, 327, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107,
+    107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 0, 107,
+    107, 0, 0, 0, 107, 0, 0, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107,
+    107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 0,
+    104, 327, 327, 327, 327, 327, 327, 327, 327, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107,
     107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107,
-    107, 107, 107, 328, 328, 327, 327, 327, 327, 327, 327, 327, 107, 107,
+    107, 107, 107, 107, 328, 328, 327, 327, 327, 327, 327, 327, 327, 107,
     107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107,
     107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107,
-    107, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 327, 327, 327, 327, 327, 327, 327, 327, 327,
+    107, 107, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 327, 327, 327, 327, 327, 327, 327, 327,
+    327, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107,
+    0, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107,
     107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 0, 107, 107, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 327, 327, 327, 327,
     327, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107,
     107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 327, 327, 327, 327, 327,
@@ -2524,150 +2549,165 @@ static const unsigned short index2[] = {
     118, 118, 118, 118, 118, 118, 118, 118, 118, 118, 118, 118, 118, 118,
     118, 118, 118, 118, 118, 118, 118, 118, 118, 118, 118, 118, 118, 118,
     118, 118, 81, 81, 81, 81, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 128, 128, 128, 128,
-    128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
+    128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 107, 107, 107, 107, 137, 107, 329, 329, 329,
+    329, 329, 329, 329, 329, 329, 329, 329, 329, 329, 329, 329, 329, 329,
+    329, 329, 329, 329, 329, 0, 0, 0, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 84, 137, 330, 330,
+    330, 330, 330, 330, 330, 330, 330, 330, 330, 330, 330, 330, 330, 330,
+    330, 330, 330, 330, 330, 330, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 331, 331, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 331, 331, 331, 331, 331, 331, 331, 331, 331, 331,
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-    48, 0, 0, 135, 135, 135, 141, 141, 135, 135, 135, 135, 141, 135, 135,
-    135, 135, 144, 0, 0, 0, 0, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146,
-    146, 150, 150, 83, 83, 83, 80, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 135, 141, 135, 141, 141, 135,
+    135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 176, 147, 48, 83, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 146, 146,
+    146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 146, 146, 146,
+    146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146,
+    146, 146, 146, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
+    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 0,
+    135, 141, 135, 141, 141, 135, 135, 135, 135, 141, 135, 135, 135, 135,
+    144, 0, 0, 0, 0, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 150,
+    150, 83, 83, 83, 80, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
+    0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
     48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
-    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 141, 141, 141, 135, 135, 135,
-    135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 141, 144, 147, 83, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 141, 141, 141, 135, 135, 135, 135,
+    135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 141, 144, 147, 83, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 44, 44, 44,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44,
     44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44,
-    44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47,
+    44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47,
     47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47,
-    47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146,
-    146, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 0, 48, 0, 0, 48, 48, 48,
-    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 48, 48, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
-    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 148, 141, 141,
-    141, 141, 141, 0, 141, 149, 0, 0, 135, 135, 176, 144, 48, 141, 48, 141,
-    147, 83, 83, 83, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146,
-    146, 146, 146, 146, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146,
+    150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 0, 48, 0, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48,
+    48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 48, 48, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
+    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 148, 141, 141, 141,
+    141, 141, 0, 141, 149, 0, 0, 135, 135, 176, 144, 48, 141, 48, 141, 147,
+    83, 83, 83, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146,
+    146, 146, 146, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
+    0, 0, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
     48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
     48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 141, 141,
     141, 135, 135, 135, 135, 0, 0, 135, 135, 141, 141, 141, 141, 144, 48, 83,
@@ -2692,10 +2732,16 @@ static const unsigned short index2[] = {
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 48, 48,
+    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
+    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 83, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48,
     48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
     48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 141, 135,
-    135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 0, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 141, 333,
+    135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 0, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 141, 335,
     48, 83, 83, 83, 83, 83, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 146, 146, 146, 146,
     146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150,
     150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 0, 0, 0, 83, 83,
@@ -2730,15 +2776,15 @@ static const unsigned short index2[] = {
     48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
     48, 48, 141, 141, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 0, 0, 0, 141, 141, 135, 176,
     144, 83, 83, 83, 83, 83, 83, 83, 83, 83, 83, 83, 83, 83, 146, 146, 146,
-    146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 135, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 48, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 150, 150, 150, 150,
+    0, 0, 48, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 150, 150, 150,
     150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150,
-    150, 150, 150, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 85, 85, 85, 85, 26, 26,
-    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 83, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
+    150, 150, 150, 150, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 85, 85, 85, 85, 26,
+    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 83, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
     48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
@@ -2771,14 +2817,21 @@ static const unsigned short index2[] = {
     48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192,
     192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 135, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 135, 135,
     135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
+    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
+    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
     48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
     48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
     48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
-    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 48, 48,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
+    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
+    48, 151, 151, 151, 336, 336, 336, 336, 336, 336, 336, 336, 151, 141, 141,
+    141, 135, 135, 144, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 48, 48,
     48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
     48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
     48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
@@ -2808,30 +2861,36 @@ static const unsigned short index2[] = {
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 53, 53, 53, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
+    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
+    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 173, 337, 142, 142, 53, 53, 83, 83, 83, 146,
+    146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44,
     44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44,
+    44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47,
     47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47,
-    47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 150, 150, 150,
-    150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150,
-    150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 83, 83, 83, 83, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    47, 47, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150,
+    150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 83, 83, 83, 83, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 48, 48, 48,
-    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
     48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
     48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
     48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 135, 48, 141, 141, 141, 141, 141, 141, 141, 141, 141, 141,
+    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 0, 0, 0, 135, 48, 141, 141, 141, 141, 141, 141,
     141, 141, 141, 141, 141, 141, 141, 141, 141, 141, 141, 141, 141, 141,
     141, 141, 141, 141, 141, 141, 141, 141, 141, 141, 141, 141, 141, 141,
     141, 141, 141, 141, 141, 141, 141, 141, 141, 141, 141, 141, 141, 141,
-    141, 141, 141, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 135, 135, 135, 135, 53, 53, 53, 53,
-    53, 53, 53, 53, 53, 53, 53, 53, 53, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    141, 141, 141, 141, 141, 141, 141, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 135, 135, 135,
+    135, 53, 53, 53, 53, 53, 53, 53, 53, 53, 53, 53, 53, 53, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 254, 254, 253, 254, 334, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    335, 335, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 172, 172, 172, 172,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 254, 254, 253, 254, 338, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 339, 339, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
@@ -2840,16 +2899,16 @@ static const unsigned short index2[] = {
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
-    172, 172, 172, 172, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
+    172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 172, 172,
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
-    172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
-    172, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
+    172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
@@ -2858,14 +2917,14 @@ static const unsigned short index2[] = {
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 254, 254, 254, 254, 0,
-    254, 254, 254, 254, 254, 254, 254, 0, 254, 254, 0, 172, 172, 172, 172,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 254,
+    254, 254, 254, 0, 254, 254, 254, 254, 254, 254, 254, 0, 254, 254, 0, 172,
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
-    172, 172, 172, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 172, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 172, 172, 172, 0, 0, 172, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    172, 172, 172, 172, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
+    172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 172, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 172, 172, 172, 0, 0, 172, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 172, 172, 172, 172, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 172, 172, 172,
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
@@ -2875,34 +2934,55 @@ static const unsigned short index2[] = {
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
-    172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 0, 0, 0, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
+    172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 0, 0, 0, 0, 48,
     48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
     48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
     48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
     48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
     48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
-    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 48, 48,
-    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 0, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
-    48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
-    48, 0, 0, 80, 135, 178, 83, 177, 177, 177, 177, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 0, 0, 48,
+    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
+    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 0, 80, 135, 178, 83, 177, 177, 177, 177, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
+    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
+    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
+    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
+    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
+    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
+    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
+    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
+    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
+    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
+    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
+    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
+    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 340, 340, 340, 340, 340, 340,
+    340, 340, 340, 340, 340, 340, 340, 340, 340, 340, 340, 340, 340, 340,
+    340, 340, 340, 340, 340, 340, 341, 341, 341, 341, 341, 341, 341, 341,
+    341, 341, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
+    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
+    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
+    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135,
     135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135,
     135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135,
-    135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 0, 0, 135, 135,
+    135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 0, 0, 135, 135, 135,
     135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135,
-    135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 80, 80, 80,
+    135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 80, 80, 80, 80,
     80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80,
     80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80,
     80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80,
     80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80,
     80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80,
     80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80,
-    80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    80, 80, 80, 80, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80,
     80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80,
     80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80,
     80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80,
@@ -2914,13 +2994,13 @@ static const unsigned short index2[] = {
     80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 0, 0, 80, 80,
     80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80,
     80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80,
-    80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 336, 336,
-    336, 336, 336, 336, 336, 337, 337, 178, 178, 178, 80, 80, 80, 338, 337,
-    337, 337, 337, 337, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 86, 86, 86,
+    80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 342, 342,
+    342, 342, 342, 342, 342, 343, 343, 178, 178, 178, 80, 80, 80, 344, 343,
+    343, 343, 343, 343, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 86, 86, 86,
     86, 86, 86, 86, 86, 80, 80, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 86, 86, 80, 80, 80, 80,
     80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80,
     80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 81, 81, 81, 81, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80,
-    80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 336, 336, 336, 336, 336, 336, 80, 80, 80, 80,
+    80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 342, 342, 342, 342, 342, 342, 80, 80, 80, 80,
     80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80,
     80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80,
     26, 26, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
@@ -2936,129 +3016,137 @@ static const unsigned short index2[] = {
     150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150,
     150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 150, 150,
     150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150,
-    150, 150, 150, 150, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 26, 26, 26, 26,
-    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
-    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
-    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
-    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
-    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150,
-    150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49,
+    150, 150, 150, 150, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 243, 243, 243,
+    243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
+    243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
+    243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
+    243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
+    243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
+    243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 345, 345, 345, 345, 345, 345, 345, 345, 345, 345,
+    345, 345, 345, 345, 345, 345, 345, 345, 345, 345, 345, 345, 345, 150,
+    150, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49,
+    49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 35, 35, 35, 35,
+    35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35,
+    35, 35, 35, 35, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49,
+    49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35,
+    35, 0, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35,
+    35, 35, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49,
+    49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35,
+    35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35,
+    49, 0, 49, 49, 0, 0, 49, 0, 0, 49, 49, 0, 0, 49, 49, 49, 49, 0, 49, 49,
+    49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 35, 35, 35, 35, 0, 35, 0, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35,
+    35, 0, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49,
+    49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49,
+    49, 49, 49, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35,
+    35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 49, 49, 0, 49, 49, 49, 49, 0,
+    0, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 0, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 0, 35,
+    35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35,
+    35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 49, 49, 0, 49, 49, 49, 49, 0, 49, 49, 49, 49,
+    49, 0, 49, 0, 0, 0, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 0, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35,
+    35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35,
+    35, 35, 35, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49,
+    49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35,
+    35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35,
+    35, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49,
     49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35,
     35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 49,
     49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49,
-    49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 0, 35, 35, 35,
+    49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35,
     35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 49, 49, 49,
     49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49,
     49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35,
-    35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 49, 0, 49, 49, 0, 0,
-    49, 0, 0, 49, 49, 0, 0, 49, 49, 49, 49, 0, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49,
-    49, 35, 35, 35, 35, 0, 35, 0, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 0, 35, 35, 35,
-    35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49,
-    49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 35, 35,
-    35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35,
-    35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 49, 49, 0, 49, 49, 49, 49, 0, 0, 49, 49, 49, 49,
-    49, 49, 49, 49, 0, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 0, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35,
-    35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35,
-    35, 35, 49, 49, 0, 49, 49, 49, 49, 0, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 0, 49, 0, 0, 0,
-    49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 0, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35,
-    35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 49, 49,
+    35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49,
     49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49,
-    49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35,
-    35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 49, 49, 49, 49,
+    49, 49, 49, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35,
+    35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49,
     49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49,
-    49, 49, 49, 49, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35,
-    35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49,
+    49, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35,
+    35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 0, 0, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49,
     49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49,
-    49, 49, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35,
-    35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49,
+    49, 220, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35,
+    35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 230, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 49, 49,
     49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49,
-    35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35,
-    35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49,
-    49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 35, 35,
-    35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35,
+    49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 220, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35,
+    35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 230, 35, 35, 35, 35,
+    35, 35, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49,
+    49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 220, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35,
+    35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 230,
     35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49,
-    49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 35, 35, 35, 35,
-    35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35,
-    35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 0, 0, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49,
-    49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 339, 35, 35, 35,
+    49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 220, 35, 35, 35, 35,
     35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35,
-    35, 35, 35, 35, 230, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49,
-    49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49,
-    339, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35,
-    35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 230, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 49, 49, 49,
-    49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49,
-    49, 49, 49, 49, 339, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35,
-    35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 230, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35,
-    35, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49,
-    49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 339, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35,
-    35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 230, 35,
-    35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49,
-    49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 339, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35,
+    35, 35, 35, 230, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49,
+    49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 220,
     35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35,
-    35, 35, 230, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 49, 35, 0, 0, 340, 340, 340, 340,
-    340, 340, 340, 340, 340, 340, 340, 340, 340, 340, 340, 340, 340, 340,
-    340, 340, 340, 340, 340, 340, 340, 340, 340, 340, 340, 340, 340, 340,
-    340, 340, 340, 340, 340, 340, 340, 340, 340, 340, 340, 340, 340, 340,
-    340, 340, 340, 340, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135,
+    35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 230, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 49, 35, 0, 0,
+    341, 341, 341, 341, 341, 341, 341, 341, 341, 341, 341, 341, 341, 341,
+    341, 341, 341, 341, 341, 341, 341, 341, 341, 341, 341, 341, 341, 341,
+    341, 341, 341, 341, 341, 341, 341, 341, 341, 341, 341, 341, 341, 341,
+    341, 341, 341, 341, 341, 341, 341, 341, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135,
+    135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135,
+    135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135,
     135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135,
+    135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 80, 80, 80, 80, 135, 135, 135, 135,
     135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135,
     135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135,
-    135, 135, 135, 80, 80, 80, 80, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135,
     135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135,
+    135, 135, 135, 135, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 135, 80, 80, 80, 80,
+    80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 135, 80, 80, 83, 83, 83, 83, 83,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 0,
     135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135,
-    135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 80,
-    80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 135, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80,
-    80, 80, 80, 80, 135, 80, 80, 83, 83, 83, 83, 83, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 0, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135,
-    135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    135, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 48,
+    47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47,
+    47, 47, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 48, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47,
-    47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 47,
-    47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 81, 81, 81, 81,
-    81, 81, 81, 0, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81,
-    81, 81, 81, 0, 0, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 0, 81, 81, 0, 81, 81, 81,
-    81, 81, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 0, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81,
+    81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 0, 0, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81,
+    0, 81, 81, 0, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51,
+    51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51,
     51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51,
     51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51,
-    51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    51, 51, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 81, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 81, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 48, 48, 48,
-    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
     48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
-    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 0, 0, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 53, 53, 53,
-    53, 53, 53, 53, 0, 0, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 48, 80, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 0, 0, 81, 81, 81, 81,
+    81, 81, 81, 53, 53, 53, 53, 53, 53, 53, 0, 0, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146,
+    146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 0, 0, 0, 0, 48, 80, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 48, 48,
-    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
-    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 81, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
+    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 81,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
     48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
-    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 81, 81, 81, 81, 146,
-    146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 85, 0, 0, 0,
+    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
+    48, 48, 48, 81, 81, 81, 81, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146,
+    146, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 85, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
+    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
+    48, 48, 48, 53, 182, 182, 86, 81, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146,
+    146, 146, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
-    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 53, 182, 182, 86, 81,
-    146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
+    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
+    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 81, 86, 48, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146, 146,
+    146, 146, 146, 146, 0, 0, 0, 0, 83, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 48, 48,
-    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 48, 48, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
-    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 48,
+    48, 48, 48, 0, 48, 48, 0, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
+    48, 48, 48, 0, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107,
     107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107,
     107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107,
     107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107,
@@ -3072,112 +3160,110 @@ static const unsigned short index2[] = {
     107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107,
     107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107,
     107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107,
-    107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 107, 0, 0, 327, 327, 327, 327,
-    327, 327, 327, 327, 327, 86, 86, 86, 86, 86, 86, 86, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    107, 107, 107, 107, 0, 0, 327, 327, 327, 327, 327, 327, 327, 327, 327,
+    86, 86, 86, 86, 86, 86, 86, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 329, 329, 329, 329, 329, 329, 329, 329,
+    0, 0, 329, 329, 329, 329, 329, 329, 329, 329, 329, 329, 329, 329, 329,
     329, 329, 329, 329, 329, 329, 329, 329, 329, 329, 329, 329, 329, 329,
-    329, 329, 329, 329, 329, 329, 329, 329, 329, 329, 329, 329, 330, 330,
-    330, 330, 330, 330, 330, 330, 330, 330, 330, 330, 330, 330, 330, 330,
+    329, 329, 329, 329, 329, 329, 329, 330, 330, 330, 330, 330, 330, 330,
     330, 330, 330, 330, 330, 330, 330, 330, 330, 330, 330, 330, 330, 330,
-    330, 330, 330, 330, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 147, 137, 0, 0, 0, 0, 136,
-    136, 136, 136, 136, 136, 136, 136, 136, 136, 0, 0, 0, 0, 104, 104, 0, 0,
+    330, 330, 330, 330, 330, 330, 330, 330, 330, 330, 330, 330, 330, 81, 81,
+    81, 81, 81, 81, 147, 137, 0, 0, 0, 0, 136, 136, 136, 136, 136, 136, 136,
+    136, 136, 136, 0, 0, 0, 0, 104, 104, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 332,
-    332, 332, 332, 332, 332, 332, 332, 332, 332, 332, 332, 332, 332, 332,
-    332, 332, 332, 332, 332, 332, 332, 332, 332, 332, 332, 332, 332, 332,
-    332, 332, 332, 332, 332, 332, 332, 332, 332, 332, 332, 332, 332, 332,
-    332, 332, 332, 332, 332, 332, 332, 332, 332, 332, 332, 332, 332, 332,
-    332, 332, 133, 332, 332, 332, 111, 332, 332, 332, 332, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 333, 333, 333, 333, 333, 333, 333,
+    333, 333, 333, 333, 333, 333, 333, 333, 333, 333, 333, 333, 333, 333,
+    333, 333, 333, 333, 333, 333, 333, 333, 333, 333, 333, 333, 333, 333,
+    333, 333, 333, 333, 333, 333, 333, 333, 333, 333, 333, 333, 333, 333,
+    333, 333, 333, 333, 333, 333, 333, 333, 333, 333, 133, 333, 333, 333,
+    111, 333, 333, 333, 333, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 332,
-    332, 332, 332, 332, 332, 332, 332, 332, 332, 332, 332, 332, 332, 332,
-    332, 332, 332, 332, 332, 332, 332, 332, 332, 332, 332, 332, 332, 332,
-    332, 332, 332, 332, 332, 332, 332, 332, 332, 332, 332, 332, 332, 332,
-    332, 332, 133, 332, 332, 332, 332, 332, 332, 332, 332, 332, 332, 332,
-    332, 332, 332, 332, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 333, 333, 333, 333, 333, 333, 333,
+    333, 333, 333, 333, 333, 333, 333, 333, 333, 333, 333, 333, 333, 333,
+    333, 333, 333, 333, 333, 333, 333, 333, 333, 333, 333, 333, 333, 333,
+    333, 333, 333, 333, 333, 333, 333, 333, 333, 333, 133, 333, 333, 333,
+    333, 333, 333, 333, 333, 333, 333, 333, 333, 333, 333, 333, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    131, 131, 131, 131, 0, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 131, 131, 131, 131, 0, 131,
     131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131,
-    131, 131, 131, 0, 131, 131, 0, 131, 0, 0, 131, 0, 131, 131, 131, 131,
-    131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 0, 131, 131, 131, 131, 0, 131, 0, 131, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 131, 0, 0, 0, 0, 131, 0, 131, 0, 131, 0, 131, 131, 131, 0,
-    131, 131, 0, 131, 0, 0, 131, 0, 131, 0, 131, 0, 131, 0, 131, 0, 131, 131,
-    0, 131, 0, 0, 131, 131, 131, 131, 0, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131,
-    0, 131, 131, 131, 131, 0, 131, 131, 131, 131, 0, 131, 0, 131, 131, 131,
-    131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 0, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131,
-    131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 131,
-    131, 131, 0, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 0, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131,
-    131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 78, 78,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 26, 26, 26, 26, 243, 26, 26,
+    131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 0, 131, 131,
+    0, 131, 0, 0, 131, 0, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131,
+    0, 131, 131, 131, 131, 0, 131, 0, 131, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 131, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    131, 0, 131, 0, 131, 0, 131, 131, 131, 0, 131, 131, 0, 131, 0, 0, 131, 0,
+    131, 0, 131, 0, 131, 0, 131, 0, 131, 131, 0, 131, 0, 0, 131, 131, 131,
+    131, 0, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 0, 131, 131, 131, 131, 0, 131,
+    131, 131, 131, 0, 131, 0, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131,
+    131, 0, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131,
+    131, 131, 131, 131, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 131, 131, 131, 0, 131, 131, 131, 131,
+    131, 0, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131, 131,
+    131, 131, 131, 131, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 78, 78, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 26, 26, 26, 26, 243, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
     26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
+    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 0, 0, 0, 0, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
     26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
-    26, 0, 0, 0, 0, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
     26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
     26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
     26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
     26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
-    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
-    26, 0, 0, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 0,
-    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 243, 0, 26, 26,
+    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 26, 26, 26, 26,
+    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 0, 0, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
+    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 0, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
+    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 243, 0, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
     26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
-    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 155,
-    155, 26, 26, 26, 246, 246, 246, 246, 246, 246, 246, 246, 246, 246, 246,
+    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 34, 34,
+    34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 155, 155, 26, 26, 26, 246, 246, 246,
     246, 246, 246, 246, 246, 246, 246, 246, 246, 246, 246, 246, 246, 246,
-    246, 246, 246, 246, 246, 341, 26, 246, 246, 246, 246, 246, 246, 246, 246,
+    246, 246, 246, 246, 246, 246, 246, 246, 246, 246, 246, 246, 246, 340, 26,
     246, 246, 246, 246, 246, 246, 246, 246, 246, 246, 246, 246, 246, 246,
-    246, 246, 246, 246, 246, 246, 246, 246, 246, 246, 342, 342, 342, 342,
-    342, 342, 342, 342, 342, 342, 342, 342, 342, 342, 342, 342, 342, 342,
-    342, 342, 342, 342, 342, 342, 342, 342, 226, 226, 226, 26, 26, 26, 342,
-    342, 342, 342, 342, 342, 342, 342, 342, 342, 342, 342, 342, 342, 342,
-    342, 342, 342, 342, 342, 342, 342, 342, 342, 342, 342, 342, 342, 342,
-    342, 272, 342, 246, 272, 272, 272, 272, 272, 272, 272, 272, 272, 272,
-    342, 342, 342, 342, 342, 342, 342, 342, 342, 342, 342, 342, 342, 342,
-    342, 342, 342, 342, 26, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80,
-    80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80,
-    80, 80, 274, 274, 274, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 274, 274,
+    246, 246, 246, 246, 246, 246, 246, 246, 246, 246, 246, 246, 246, 246,
+    246, 246, 246, 246, 346, 346, 346, 346, 346, 346, 346, 346, 346, 346,
+    346, 346, 346, 346, 346, 346, 346, 346, 346, 346, 346, 346, 346, 346,
+    346, 346, 226, 226, 226, 26, 26, 26, 346, 346, 346, 346, 346, 346, 346,
+    346, 346, 346, 346, 346, 346, 346, 346, 346, 346, 346, 346, 346, 346,
+    346, 346, 346, 346, 346, 346, 346, 346, 346, 272, 346, 246, 272, 272,
+    272, 272, 272, 272, 272, 272, 272, 272, 346, 346, 346, 346, 346, 346,
+    346, 346, 346, 346, 346, 346, 346, 346, 346, 346, 346, 346, 26, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80,
+    80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 274, 274, 274, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274,
     274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274,
     274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274,
-    274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 274, 274, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 243, 243, 243,
-    243, 243, 243, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
+    274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 0, 0, 0, 0, 274, 274, 274, 274,
+    274, 274, 274, 274, 274, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 274, 274, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 243, 243,
     243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
-    243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
-    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 26, 243,
     243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
+    243, 243, 243, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 243, 243,
+    243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 26, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
     243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
     243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
     243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
-    243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 26, 243,
     243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
-    243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
-    26, 26, 26, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
+    243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 26, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
     243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
+    243, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 243, 243, 243, 243,
     243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
-    243, 243, 243, 26, 26, 26, 26, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 26, 26, 26, 26,
-    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
-    243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 26, 26, 26, 243, 26, 26, 26,
-    243, 243, 243, 343, 343, 343, 343, 343, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
     243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
+    243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 26, 26, 26, 26,
+    243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
     243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
+    243, 243, 243, 26, 26, 26, 243, 26, 26, 26, 243, 243, 243, 347, 347, 347,
+    347, 347, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
     243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
     243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
-    243, 26, 243, 26, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
     243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
+    243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 26, 243, 26, 243, 243, 243,
     243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
     243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
     243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
@@ -3189,71 +3275,73 @@ static const unsigned short index2[] = {
     243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
     243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
     243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
-    243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 26, 26, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
     243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
     243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
+    243, 243, 26, 26, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
     243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
     243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
-    243, 243, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 243, 243,
-    243, 243, 26, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
-    243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 26, 26, 26,
-    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 243, 26, 26,
-    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
-    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 243, 243, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
-    26, 26, 26, 243, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
+    243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
+    243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
+    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 243, 243, 243, 243, 26, 243, 243, 243, 243,
+    243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
+    243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
+    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 243, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
+    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 243, 243,
+    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 243, 26, 26, 26, 26,
     26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
     26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
     26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
     26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
+    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
     243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
     243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
     243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
     243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
     243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
-    243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
-    243, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
+    243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
     26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
-    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 243, 243, 243, 243,
+    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
+    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
     243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
     243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
     243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
     243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
-    243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
-    243, 26, 26, 26, 243, 243, 243, 26, 26, 243, 243, 243, 0, 0, 0, 0, 243,
-    243, 243, 243, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 243, 243, 0,
-    0, 0, 26, 26, 26, 26, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 0, 0,
-    0, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
+    243, 243, 243, 243, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 243, 26, 26, 26, 243, 243,
+    243, 26, 26, 243, 243, 243, 0, 0, 0, 0, 243, 243, 243, 243, 26, 26, 26,
+    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 243, 243, 0, 0, 0, 26, 26, 26, 26, 243,
+    243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 0, 0, 0, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
     26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
     26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
     26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
     26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
     26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
-    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 0, 0, 0, 0, 26, 26, 26,
     26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
+    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 0, 0, 0, 0, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
     26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
     26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
     26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
     26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
-    26, 26, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
-    243, 243, 243, 0, 0, 0, 0, 243, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 0, 0, 0, 0, 26, 26,
+    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    243, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
+    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 0, 0, 0, 0, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
     26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
     26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
+    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 26,
+    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
     26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
-    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
-    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
-    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
-    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 0, 0, 26, 26, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
+    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 0, 0, 26,
+    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 0, 0, 0, 0, 26, 26, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
-    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
+    26, 26, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
     243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
     243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
-    243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 26, 243, 243, 243, 243,
     243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 26, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
+    243, 243, 26, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
     243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
     243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
     243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
@@ -3266,58 +3354,50 @@ static const unsigned short index2[] = {
     243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
     243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
     243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
-    243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
+    243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
     26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
     26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
     26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
     26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
-    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 26, 26, 26, 26,
-    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 0, 0, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
-    243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 0, 0, 0, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
-    243, 243, 243, 243, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
+    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 0, 0, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
+    243, 243, 243, 243, 0, 0, 0, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
+    243, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
     243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
     243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
-    243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 0, 243, 243,
-    243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
-    243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 0, 0, 0, 0, 243, 243, 243,
-    243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 243, 243, 243, 243,
+    243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
+    243, 243, 243, 243, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243,
+    243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 0, 0, 243, 243, 243, 243,
+    243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 243, 243, 243, 243,
     243, 243, 243, 243, 243, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
+    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 0, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
     26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
     26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
     26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
     26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
-    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
-    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
-    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
-    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 0, 26, 26, 26,
-    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
-    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
-    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 340, 340, 340, 340, 340, 340, 340, 340,
-    340, 340, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
+    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 341, 341,
+    341, 341, 341, 341, 341, 341, 341, 341, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 172, 172, 172,
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
-    172, 172, 172, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281,
+    172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281,
     281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281,
-    281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
+    281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 172,
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
-    172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281,
-    281, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
+    172, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
-    172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 281, 281, 172,
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
+    172, 172, 172, 281, 281, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
@@ -3325,9 +3405,9 @@ static const unsigned short index2[] = {
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
-    172, 172, 172, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281,
-    281, 281, 281, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
+    172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281,
+    281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
@@ -3338,17 +3418,18 @@ static const unsigned short index2[] = {
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
-    172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 281, 281,
-    281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 172,
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
+    172, 172, 172, 172, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281,
+    281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
-    172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 281, 281, 281,
-    281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281,
+    172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
+    172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
+    172, 172, 172, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281,
     281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281,
     281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281,
     281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281,
@@ -3359,9 +3440,9 @@ static const unsigned short index2[] = {
     281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281,
     281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281,
     281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281,
-    281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280,
+    281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 280, 280, 280,
     280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280,
-    280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281,
+    280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 280, 281,
     281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281,
     281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281,
     281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281,
@@ -3377,34 +3458,34 @@ static const unsigned short index2[] = {
     281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281,
     281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281,
     281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281,
-    281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 0, 0, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
+    281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 0, 0,
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
-    172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 281,
-    281, 281, 281, 281, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
+    172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 172, 172, 172, 172,
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
     172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
-    172, 172, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281,
+    172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172,
+    172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 172, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281,
     281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281,
     281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281,
     281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281,
     281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281,
-    281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 0, 177, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177,
+    281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281, 281,
+    281, 281, 281, 281, 0, 177, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177,
     177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177,
     177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177,
     177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177,
     177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177,
     177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177,
-    177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 71,
-    71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71,
+    177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177,
+    177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71,
     71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71,
     71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71,
     71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71,
@@ -3417,7 +3498,8 @@ static const unsigned short index2[] = {
     71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71,
     71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71,
     71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71,
-    71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 279,
+    71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279,
     279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279,
     279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279,
     279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279,
@@ -3426,7 +3508,7 @@ static const unsigned short index2[] = {
     279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279,
     279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279,
     279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279,
-    279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 0, 0,
+    279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 279, 0, 0,
 };
 
 /* decomposition data */
@@ -4203,156 +4285,161 @@ static const unsigned int decomp_data[] = {
     12638, 272, 12639, 272, 12640, 272, 12641, 272, 12642, 272, 12643, 264,
     162, 264, 163, 264, 172, 264, 175, 264, 166, 264, 165, 264, 8361, 272,
     9474, 272, 8592, 272, 8593, 272, 8594, 272, 8595, 272, 9632, 272, 9675,
-    259, 720, 259, 721, 259, 230, 259, 665, 259, 595, 259, 675, 259, 43878,
-    259, 677, 259, 676, 259, 598, 259, 599, 259, 7569, 259, 600, 259, 606,
-    259, 681, 259, 612, 259, 610, 259, 608, 259, 667, 259, 295, 259, 668,
-    259, 615, 259, 644, 259, 682, 259, 683, 259, 620, 259, 122628, 259,
-    42894, 259, 622, 259, 122629, 259, 654, 259, 122630, 259, 248, 259, 630,
-    259, 631, 259, 113, 259, 634, 259, 122632, 259, 637, 259, 638, 259, 640,
-    259, 680, 259, 678, 259, 43879, 259, 679, 259, 648, 259, 11377, 259, 655,
-    259, 673, 259, 674, 259, 664, 259, 448, 259, 449, 259, 450, 259, 122634,
-    259, 122654, 512, 69785, 69818, 512, 69787, 69818, 512, 69797, 69818,
-    512, 69937, 69927, 512, 69938, 69927, 512, 70471, 70462, 512, 70471,
-    70487, 512, 70841, 70842, 512, 70841, 70832, 512, 70841, 70845, 512,
-    71096, 71087, 512, 71097, 71087, 512, 71989, 71984, 512, 119127, 119141,
-    512, 119128, 119141, 512, 119135, 119150, 512, 119135, 119151, 512,
-    119135, 119152, 512, 119135, 119153, 512, 119135, 119154, 512, 119225,
-    119141, 512, 119226, 119141, 512, 119227, 119150, 512, 119228, 119150,
-    512, 119227, 119151, 512, 119228, 119151, 262, 65, 262, 71, 262, 74, 262,
-    75, 262, 79, 262, 83, 262, 84, 262, 85, 262, 86, 262, 87, 262, 88, 262,
-    89, 262, 97, 262, 98, 262, 99, 262, 102, 262, 107, 262, 109, 262, 110,
-    262, 112, 262, 113, 262, 114, 262, 115, 262, 116, 262, 117, 262, 118,
-    262, 119, 262, 120, 262, 121, 262, 122, 262, 305, 262, 567, 262, 913,
-    262, 914, 262, 916, 262, 917, 262, 918, 262, 919, 262, 920, 262, 921,
-    262, 922, 262, 923, 262, 924, 262, 925, 262, 926, 262, 927, 262, 929,
-    262, 1012, 262, 931, 262, 932, 262, 933, 262, 934, 262, 935, 262, 936,
-    262, 937, 262, 8711, 262, 945, 262, 946, 262, 948, 262, 949, 262, 950,
-    262, 951, 262, 952, 262, 953, 262, 954, 262, 955, 262, 956, 262, 957,
-    262, 958, 262, 959, 262, 961, 262, 962, 262, 963, 262, 964, 262, 965,
-    262, 966, 262, 967, 262, 968, 262, 969, 262, 8706, 262, 1013, 262, 977,
-    262, 1008, 262, 981, 262, 1009, 262, 982, 262, 988, 262, 989, 262, 48,
-    262, 49, 262, 50, 262, 51, 262, 52, 262, 53, 262, 54, 262, 55, 262, 56,
-    262, 57, 259, 1072, 259, 1073, 259, 1074, 259, 1075, 259, 1076, 259,
-    1077, 259, 1078, 259, 1079, 259, 1080, 259, 1082, 259, 1083, 259, 1084,
-    259, 1086, 259, 1087, 259, 1088, 259, 1089, 259, 1090, 259, 1091, 259,
-    1092, 259, 1093, 259, 1094, 259, 1095, 259, 1096, 259, 1099, 259, 1101,
-    259, 1102, 259, 42633, 259, 1241, 259, 1110, 259, 1112, 259, 1257, 259,
-    1199, 259, 1231, 261, 1072, 261, 1073, 261, 1074, 261, 1075, 261, 1076,
-    261, 1077, 261, 1078, 261, 1079, 261, 1080, 261, 1082, 261, 1083, 261,
-    1086, 261, 1087, 261, 1089, 261, 1091, 261, 1092, 261, 1093, 261, 1094,
-    261, 1095, 261, 1096, 261, 1098, 261, 1099, 261, 1169, 261, 1110, 261,
-    1109, 261, 1119, 259, 1195, 259, 42577, 259, 1201, 262, 1575, 262, 1576,
-    262, 1580, 262, 1583, 262, 1608, 262, 1586, 262, 1581, 262, 1591, 262,
-    1610, 262, 1603, 262, 1604, 262, 1605, 262, 1606, 262, 1587, 262, 1593,
-    262, 1601, 262, 1589, 262, 1602, 262, 1585, 262, 1588, 262, 1578, 262,
-    1579, 262, 1582, 262, 1584, 262, 1590, 262, 1592, 262, 1594, 262, 1646,
-    262, 1722, 262, 1697, 262, 1647, 262, 1607, 514, 48, 46, 514, 48, 44,
-    514, 49, 44, 514, 50, 44, 514, 51, 44, 514, 52, 44, 514, 53, 44, 514, 54,
-    44, 514, 55, 44, 514, 56, 44, 514, 57, 44, 770, 40, 65, 41, 770, 40, 66,
-    41, 770, 40, 67, 41, 770, 40, 68, 41, 770, 40, 69, 41, 770, 40, 70, 41,
-    770, 40, 71, 41, 770, 40, 72, 41, 770, 40, 73, 41, 770, 40, 74, 41, 770,
-    40, 75, 41, 770, 40, 76, 41, 770, 40, 77, 41, 770, 40, 78, 41, 770, 40,
-    79, 41, 770, 40, 80, 41, 770, 40, 81, 41, 770, 40, 82, 41, 770, 40, 83,
-    41, 770, 40, 84, 41, 770, 40, 85, 41, 770, 40, 86, 41, 770, 40, 87, 41,
-    770, 40, 88, 41, 770, 40, 89, 41, 770, 40, 90, 41, 770, 12308, 83, 12309,
-    519, 67, 68, 519, 87, 90, 266, 65, 266, 66, 266, 67, 266, 68, 266, 69,
-    266, 70, 266, 71, 266, 72, 266, 73, 266, 74, 266, 75, 266, 76, 266, 77,
-    266, 78, 266, 79, 266, 80, 266, 81, 266, 82, 266, 83, 266, 84, 266, 85,
-    266, 86, 266, 87, 266, 88, 266, 89, 266, 90, 522, 72, 86, 522, 83, 68,
-    522, 83, 83, 778, 80, 80, 86, 522, 87, 67, 515, 77, 67, 515, 77, 68, 515,
-    77, 82, 522, 68, 74, 522, 12411, 12363, 522, 12467, 12467, 266, 12469,
-    266, 25163, 266, 23383, 266, 21452, 266, 12487, 266, 20108, 266, 22810,
-    266, 35299, 266, 22825, 266, 20132, 266, 26144, 266, 28961, 266, 26009,
-    266, 21069, 266, 24460, 266, 20877, 266, 26032, 266, 21021, 266, 32066,
-    266, 29983, 266, 36009, 266, 22768, 266, 21561, 266, 28436, 266, 25237,
-    266, 25429, 266, 19968, 266, 19977, 266, 36938, 266, 24038, 266, 20013,
-    266, 21491, 266, 25351, 266, 36208, 266, 25171, 266, 31105, 266, 31354,
-    266, 21512, 266, 28288, 266, 26377, 266, 26376, 266, 30003, 266, 21106,
-    266, 21942, 266, 37197, 770, 12308, 26412, 12309, 770, 12308, 19977,
-    12309, 770, 12308, 20108, 12309, 770, 12308, 23433, 12309, 770, 12308,
-    28857, 12309, 770, 12308, 25171, 12309, 770, 12308, 30423, 12309, 770,
-    12308, 21213, 12309, 770, 12308, 25943, 12309, 263, 24471, 263, 21487,
-    256, 20029, 256, 20024, 256, 20033, 256, 131362, 256, 20320, 256, 20411,
-    256, 20482, 256, 20602, 256, 20633, 256, 20687, 256, 13470, 256, 132666,
-    256, 20820, 256, 20836, 256, 20855, 256, 132380, 256, 13497, 256, 20839,
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+    39422, 256, 19406, 256, 170800, 256, 40000, 256, 40189, 256, 19662, 256,
+    19693, 256, 40295, 256, 172238, 256, 19704, 256, 172293, 256, 172558,
+    256, 172689, 256, 40635, 256, 19798, 256, 40697, 256, 40702, 256, 40709,
+    256, 40719, 256, 40726, 256, 40763, 256, 173568,
 };
 
 /* index tables for the decomposition data */
@@ -4380,15 +4467,16 @@ static const unsigned char decomp_index1[] = {
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73,
-    74, 75, 76, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 77, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 78, 79, 0, 0, 0, 80, 0, 0, 81, 0,
-    82, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 83, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    74, 75, 76, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 77, 0, 0, 0, 78, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 79, 80, 0, 0, 0, 81, 82, 0, 83, 0,
+    84, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 85, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 86, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 87, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
@@ -4396,12 +4484,12 @@ static const unsigned char decomp_index1[] = {
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 88, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 89, 90, 0, 0, 0, 0, 91, 92,
+    93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    99, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 100, 101, 0, 0, 0, 0, 102, 103, 104, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 105, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 84, 85, 0, 0, 0, 0, 86, 87,
-    88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    94, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 95, 96, 0, 0, 0, 0, 97, 98, 99, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 100, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
@@ -4421,8 +4509,8 @@ static const unsigned char decomp_index1[] = {
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
@@ -4720,8 +4808,7 @@ static const unsigned char decomp_index1[] = {
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
 };
 
 static const unsigned short decomp_index2[] = {
@@ -5295,690 +5382,763 @@ static const unsigned short decomp_index2[] = {
     10263, 10265, 10267, 10269, 10271, 0, 0, 10273, 10275, 10277, 10279,
     10281, 10283, 0, 0, 10285, 10287, 10289, 0, 0, 0, 10291, 10293, 10295,
     10297, 10299, 10301, 10303, 0, 10305, 10307, 10309, 10311, 10313, 10315,
-    10317, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 10319,
-    10321, 10323, 10325, 10327, 0, 10329, 10331, 10333, 10335, 10337, 10339,
-    10341, 10343, 10345, 10347, 10349, 10351, 10353, 10355, 10357, 10359,
-    10361, 10363, 10365, 10367, 10369, 10371, 10373, 10375, 10377, 10379,
-    10381, 10383, 10385, 10387, 10389, 10391, 10393, 10395, 10397, 10399,
-    10401, 10403, 10405, 10407, 10409, 10411, 0, 10413, 10415, 10417, 10419,
-    10421, 10423, 10425, 10427, 10429, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    10317, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 10319, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 10431, 0, 10434, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 10437, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    10322, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 10325, 10327, 10329, 10331, 10333, 0, 10335, 10337,
+    10339, 10341, 10343, 10345, 10347, 10349, 10351, 10353, 10355, 10357,
+    10359, 10361, 10363, 10365, 10367, 10369, 10371, 10373, 10375, 10377,
+    10379, 10381, 10383, 10385, 10387, 10389, 10391, 10393, 10395, 10397,
+    10399, 10401, 10403, 10405, 10407, 10409, 10411, 10413, 10415, 10417, 0,
+    10419, 10421, 10423, 10425, 10427, 10429, 10431, 10433, 10435, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 10437, 0,
+    10440, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 10443, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 10440, 10443, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 10446, 10449, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 10446, 10449, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 10452, 10455, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 10452, 10455, 0, 10458, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 10458, 0, 10461, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 10464, 0, 0,
+    10467, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 10470, 0, 10473, 10476, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 10461, 10464, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 10479, 10482, 0, 10485, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 10467, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 10488, 10491, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 10470, 10473,
-    10476, 10479, 10482, 10485, 10488, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 10494, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 10491, 10494, 10497, 10500, 10503, 10506, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 10497, 10500, 10503, 10506, 10509,
+    10512, 10515, 10518, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 10509, 3253, 3192, 3289, 3257, 3259, 10511, 3212, 3218,
-    10513, 10515, 3220, 3261, 3224, 10517, 3229, 3231, 3233, 10519, 10521,
-    10523, 10525, 10527, 10529, 10531, 3245, 10533, 10535, 10537, 3291, 3255,
-    10539, 3210, 3214, 3273, 3293, 10541, 3222, 10543, 10545, 3263, 10547,
-    10549, 10551, 10553, 10555, 10557, 10559, 10561, 10563, 10565, 10567,
-    10509, 3253, 3192, 3289, 3257, 3259, 10511, 3212, 3218, 10513, 10515,
-    3220, 3261, 3224, 10517, 3229, 3231, 3233, 10519, 10521, 10523, 10525,
-    10527, 10529, 10531, 3245, 10533, 10535, 10537, 3291, 3255, 10539, 3210,
-    0, 3273, 3293, 10541, 3222, 10543, 10545, 3263, 10547, 10549, 10551,
-    10553, 10555, 10557, 10559, 10561, 10563, 10565, 10567, 10509, 3253,
-    3192, 3289, 3257, 3259, 10511, 3212, 3218, 10513, 10515, 3220, 3261,
-    3224, 10517, 3229, 3231, 3233, 10519, 10521, 10523, 10525, 10527, 10529,
-    10531, 3245, 10533, 10535, 10537, 3291, 3255, 10539, 3210, 3214, 3273,
-    3293, 10541, 3222, 10543, 10545, 3263, 10547, 10549, 10551, 10553, 10555,
-    10557, 10559, 10561, 10563, 10565, 10567, 10509, 0, 3192, 3289, 0, 0,
-    10511, 0, 0, 10513, 10515, 0, 0, 3224, 10517, 3229, 3231, 0, 10519,
-    10521, 10523, 10525, 10527, 10529, 10531, 3245, 10533, 10535, 10537,
-    3291, 0, 10539, 0, 3214, 3273, 3293, 10541, 3222, 10543, 10545, 0, 10547,
-    10549, 10551, 10553, 10555, 10557, 10559, 10561, 10563, 10565, 10567,
-    10509, 3253, 3192, 3289, 3257, 3259, 10511, 3212, 3218, 10513, 10515,
-    3220, 3261, 3224, 10517, 3229, 3231, 3233, 10519, 10521, 10523, 10525,
-    10527, 10529, 10531, 3245, 10533, 10535, 10537, 3291, 3255, 10539, 3210,
-    3214, 3273, 3293, 10541, 3222, 10543, 10545, 3263, 10547, 10549, 10551,
-    10553, 10555, 10557, 10559, 10561, 10563, 10565, 10567, 10509, 3253, 0,
-    3289, 3257, 3259, 10511, 0, 0, 10513, 10515, 3220, 3261, 3224, 10517,
-    3229, 3231, 0, 10519, 10521, 10523, 10525, 10527, 10529, 10531, 0, 10533,
-    10535, 10537, 3291, 3255, 10539, 3210, 3214, 3273, 3293, 10541, 3222,
-    10543, 10545, 3263, 10547, 10549, 10551, 10553, 10555, 10557, 10559,
-    10561, 10563, 10565, 10567, 10509, 3253, 0, 3289, 3257, 3259, 10511, 0,
-    3218, 10513, 10515, 3220, 3261, 0, 10517, 0, 0, 0, 10519, 10521, 10523,
-    10525, 10527, 10529, 10531, 0, 10533, 10535, 10537, 3291, 3255, 10539,
-    3210, 3214, 3273, 3293, 10541, 3222, 10543, 10545, 3263, 10547, 10549,
-    10551, 10553, 10555, 10557, 10559, 10561, 10563, 10565, 10567, 10509,
-    3253, 3192, 3289, 3257, 3259, 10511, 3212, 3218, 10513, 10515, 3220,
-    3261, 3224, 10517, 3229, 3231, 3233, 10519, 10521, 10523, 10525, 10527,
-    10529, 10531, 3245, 10533, 10535, 10537, 3291, 3255, 10539, 3210, 3214,
-    3273, 3293, 10541, 3222, 10543, 10545, 3263, 10547, 10549, 10551, 10553,
-    10555, 10557, 10559, 10561, 10563, 10565, 10567, 10509, 3253, 3192, 3289,
-    3257, 3259, 10511, 3212, 3218, 10513, 10515, 3220, 3261, 3224, 10517,
-    3229, 3231, 3233, 10519, 10521, 10523, 10525, 10527, 10529, 10531, 3245,
-    10533, 10535, 10537, 3291, 3255, 10539, 3210, 3214, 3273, 3293, 10541,
-    3222, 10543, 10545, 3263, 10547, 10549, 10551, 10553, 10555, 10557,
-    10559, 10561, 10563, 10565, 10567, 10509, 3253, 3192, 3289, 3257, 3259,
-    10511, 3212, 3218, 10513, 10515, 3220, 3261, 3224, 10517, 3229, 3231,
-    3233, 10519, 10521, 10523, 10525, 10527, 10529, 10531, 3245, 10533,
-    10535, 10537, 3291, 3255, 10539, 3210, 3214, 3273, 3293, 10541, 3222,
-    10543, 10545, 3263, 10547, 10549, 10551, 10553, 10555, 10557, 10559,
-    10561, 10563, 10565, 10567, 10509, 3253, 3192, 3289, 3257, 3259, 10511,
-    3212, 3218, 10513, 10515, 3220, 3261, 3224, 10517, 3229, 3231, 3233,
-    10519, 10521, 10523, 10525, 10527, 10529, 10531, 3245, 10533, 10535,
-    10537, 3291, 3255, 10539, 3210, 3214, 3273, 3293, 10541, 3222, 10543,
-    10545, 3263, 10547, 10549, 10551, 10553, 10555, 10557, 10559, 10561,
-    10563, 10565, 10567, 10509, 3253, 3192, 3289, 3257, 3259, 10511, 3212,
-    3218, 10513, 10515, 3220, 3261, 3224, 10517, 3229, 3231, 3233, 10519,
-    10521, 10523, 10525, 10527, 10529, 10531, 3245, 10533, 10535, 10537,
-    3291, 3255, 10539, 3210, 3214, 3273, 3293, 10541, 3222, 10543, 10545,
-    3263, 10547, 10549, 10551, 10553, 10555, 10557, 10559, 10561, 10563,
-    10565, 10567, 10509, 3253, 3192, 3289, 3257, 3259, 10511, 3212, 3218,
-    10513, 10515, 3220, 3261, 3224, 10517, 3229, 3231, 3233, 10519, 10521,
-    10523, 10525, 10527, 10529, 10531, 3245, 10533, 10535, 10537, 3291, 3255,
-    10539, 3210, 3214, 3273, 3293, 10541, 3222, 10543, 10545, 3263, 10547,
-    10549, 10551, 10553, 10555, 10557, 10559, 10561, 10563, 10565, 10567,
-    10569, 10571, 0, 0, 10573, 10575, 3283, 10577, 10579, 10581, 10583,
-    10585, 10587, 10589, 10591, 10593, 10595, 10597, 10599, 3285, 10601,
-    10603, 10605, 10607, 10609, 10611, 10613, 10615, 10617, 10619, 10621,
-    10623, 3281, 10625, 10627, 10629, 10631, 10633, 10635, 10637, 10639,
-    10641, 10643, 10645, 10647, 3279, 10649, 10651, 10653, 10655, 10657,
-    10659, 10661, 10663, 10665, 10667, 10669, 10671, 10673, 10675, 10677,
-    10679, 10573, 10575, 3283, 10577, 10579, 10581, 10583, 10585, 10587,
-    10589, 10591, 10593, 10595, 10597, 10599, 3285, 10601, 10603, 10605,
-    10607, 10609, 10611, 10613, 10615, 10617, 10619, 10621, 10623, 3281,
-    10625, 10627, 10629, 10631, 10633, 10635, 10637, 10639, 10641, 10643,
-    10645, 10647, 3279, 10649, 10651, 10653, 10655, 10657, 10659, 10661,
-    10663, 10665, 10667, 10669, 10671, 10673, 10675, 10677, 10679, 10573,
-    10575, 3283, 10577, 10579, 10581, 10583, 10585, 10587, 10589, 10591,
-    10593, 10595, 10597, 10599, 3285, 10601, 10603, 10605, 10607, 10609,
-    10611, 10613, 10615, 10617, 10619, 10621, 10623, 3281, 10625, 10627,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 10521, 10524, 10527, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    10530, 3253, 3192, 3289, 3257, 3259, 10532, 3212, 3218, 10534, 10536,
+    3220, 3261, 3224, 10538, 3229, 3231, 3233, 10540, 10542, 10544, 10546,
+    10548, 10550, 10552, 3245, 10554, 10556, 10558, 10560, 10562, 10564,
+    10566, 10568, 10570, 10572, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 10574, 10577, 10580, 10583, 10586,
+    10589, 10592, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 10595, 10598,
+    10601, 10604, 10607, 10610, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    10530, 3253, 3192, 3289, 3257, 3259, 10532, 3212, 3218, 10534, 10536,
+    3220, 3261, 3224, 10538, 3229, 3231, 3233, 10540, 10542, 10544, 10546,
+    10548, 10550, 10552, 3245, 10613, 10615, 10617, 3291, 3255, 10619, 3210,
+    3214, 3273, 3293, 10621, 3222, 10623, 10625, 3263, 10627, 10629, 10631,
+    10633, 10635, 10637, 10639, 10641, 10643, 10645, 10647, 10530, 3253,
+    3192, 3289, 3257, 3259, 10532, 3212, 3218, 10534, 10536, 3220, 3261,
+    3224, 10538, 3229, 3231, 3233, 10540, 10542, 10544, 10546, 10548, 10550,
+    10552, 3245, 10613, 10615, 10617, 3291, 3255, 10619, 3210, 0, 3273, 3293,
+    10621, 3222, 10623, 10625, 3263, 10627, 10629, 10631, 10633, 10635,
+    10637, 10639, 10641, 10643, 10645, 10647, 10530, 3253, 3192, 3289, 3257,
+    3259, 10532, 3212, 3218, 10534, 10536, 3220, 3261, 3224, 10538, 3229,
+    3231, 3233, 10540, 10542, 10544, 10546, 10548, 10550, 10552, 3245, 10613,
+    10615, 10617, 3291, 3255, 10619, 3210, 3214, 3273, 3293, 10621, 3222,
+    10623, 10625, 3263, 10627, 10629, 10631, 10633, 10635, 10637, 10639,
+    10641, 10643, 10645, 10647, 10530, 0, 3192, 3289, 0, 0, 10532, 0, 0,
+    10534, 10536, 0, 0, 3224, 10538, 3229, 3231, 0, 10540, 10542, 10544,
+    10546, 10548, 10550, 10552, 3245, 10613, 10615, 10617, 3291, 0, 10619, 0,
+    3214, 3273, 3293, 10621, 3222, 10623, 10625, 0, 10627, 10629, 10631,
+    10633, 10635, 10637, 10639, 10641, 10643, 10645, 10647, 10530, 3253,
+    3192, 3289, 3257, 3259, 10532, 3212, 3218, 10534, 10536, 3220, 3261,
+    3224, 10538, 3229, 3231, 3233, 10540, 10542, 10544, 10546, 10548, 10550,
+    10552, 3245, 10613, 10615, 10617, 3291, 3255, 10619, 3210, 3214, 3273,
+    3293, 10621, 3222, 10623, 10625, 3263, 10627, 10629, 10631, 10633, 10635,
+    10637, 10639, 10641, 10643, 10645, 10647, 10530, 3253, 0, 3289, 3257,
+    3259, 10532, 0, 0, 10534, 10536, 3220, 3261, 3224, 10538, 3229, 3231, 0,
+    10540, 10542, 10544, 10546, 10548, 10550, 10552, 0, 10613, 10615, 10617,
+    3291, 3255, 10619, 3210, 3214, 3273, 3293, 10621, 3222, 10623, 10625,
+    3263, 10627, 10629, 10631, 10633, 10635, 10637, 10639, 10641, 10643,
+    10645, 10647, 10530, 3253, 0, 3289, 3257, 3259, 10532, 0, 3218, 10534,
+    10536, 3220, 3261, 0, 10538, 0, 0, 0, 10540, 10542, 10544, 10546, 10548,
+    10550, 10552, 0, 10613, 10615, 10617, 3291, 3255, 10619, 3210, 3214,
+    3273, 3293, 10621, 3222, 10623, 10625, 3263, 10627, 10629, 10631, 10633,
+    10635, 10637, 10639, 10641, 10643, 10645, 10647, 10530, 3253, 3192, 3289,
+    3257, 3259, 10532, 3212, 3218, 10534, 10536, 3220, 3261, 3224, 10538,
+    3229, 3231, 3233, 10540, 10542, 10544, 10546, 10548, 10550, 10552, 3245,
+    10613, 10615, 10617, 3291, 3255, 10619, 3210, 3214, 3273, 3293, 10621,
+    3222, 10623, 10625, 3263, 10627, 10629, 10631, 10633, 10635, 10637,
+    10639, 10641, 10643, 10645, 10647, 10530, 3253, 3192, 3289, 3257, 3259,
+    10532, 3212, 3218, 10534, 10536, 3220, 3261, 3224, 10538, 3229, 3231,
+    3233, 10540, 10542, 10544, 10546, 10548, 10550, 10552, 3245, 10613,
+    10615, 10617, 3291, 3255, 10619, 3210, 3214, 3273, 3293, 10621, 3222,
+    10623, 10625, 3263, 10627, 10629, 10631, 10633, 10635, 10637, 10639,
+    10641, 10643, 10645, 10647, 10530, 3253, 3192, 3289, 3257, 3259, 10532,
+    3212, 3218, 10534, 10536, 3220, 3261, 3224, 10538, 3229, 3231, 3233,
+    10540, 10542, 10544, 10546, 10548, 10550, 10552, 3245, 10613, 10615,
+    10617, 3291, 3255, 10619, 3210, 3214, 3273, 3293, 10621, 3222, 10623,
+    10625, 3263, 10627, 10629, 10631, 10633, 10635, 10637, 10639, 10641,
+    10643, 10645, 10647, 10530, 3253, 3192, 3289, 3257, 3259, 10532, 3212,
+    3218, 10534, 10536, 3220, 3261, 3224, 10538, 3229, 3231, 3233, 10540,
+    10542, 10544, 10546, 10548, 10550, 10552, 3245, 10613, 10615, 10617,
+    3291, 3255, 10619, 3210, 3214, 3273, 3293, 10621, 3222, 10623, 10625,
+    3263, 10627, 10629, 10631, 10633, 10635, 10637, 10639, 10641, 10643,
+    10645, 10647, 10530, 3253, 3192, 3289, 3257, 3259, 10532, 3212, 3218,
+    10534, 10536, 3220, 3261, 3224, 10538, 3229, 3231, 3233, 10540, 10542,
+    10544, 10546, 10548, 10550, 10552, 3245, 10613, 10615, 10617, 3291, 3255,
+    10619, 3210, 3214, 3273, 3293, 10621, 3222, 10623, 10625, 3263, 10627,
     10629, 10631, 10633, 10635, 10637, 10639, 10641, 10643, 10645, 10647,
-    3279, 10649, 10651, 10653, 10655, 10657, 10659, 10661, 10663, 10665,
-    10667, 10669, 10671, 10673, 10675, 10677, 10679, 10573, 10575, 3283,
-    10577, 10579, 10581, 10583, 10585, 10587, 10589, 10591, 10593, 10595,
-    10597, 10599, 3285, 10601, 10603, 10605, 10607, 10609, 10611, 10613,
-    10615, 10617, 10619, 10621, 10623, 3281, 10625, 10627, 10629, 10631,
-    10633, 10635, 10637, 10639, 10641, 10643, 10645, 10647, 3279, 10649,
-    10651, 10653, 10655, 10657, 10659, 10661, 10663, 10665, 10667, 10669,
-    10671, 10673, 10675, 10677, 10679, 10573, 10575, 3283, 10577, 10579,
-    10581, 10583, 10585, 10587, 10589, 10591, 10593, 10595, 10597, 10599,
-    3285, 10601, 10603, 10605, 10607, 10609, 10611, 10613, 10615, 10617,
-    10619, 10621, 10623, 3281, 10625, 10627, 10629, 10631, 10633, 10635,
-    10637, 10639, 10641, 10643, 10645, 10647, 3279, 10649, 10651, 10653,
-    10655, 10657, 10659, 10661, 10663, 10665, 10667, 10669, 10671, 10673,
-    10675, 10677, 10679, 10681, 10683, 0, 0, 10685, 10687, 10689, 10691,
-    10693, 10695, 10697, 10699, 10701, 10703, 10685, 10687, 10689, 10691,
-    10693, 10695, 10697, 10699, 10701, 10703, 10685, 10687, 10689, 10691,
-    10693, 10695, 10697, 10699, 10701, 10703, 10685, 10687, 10689, 10691,
-    10693, 10695, 10697, 10699, 10701, 10703, 10685, 10687, 10689, 10691,
-    10693, 10695, 10697, 10699, 10701, 10703, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 10705, 10707, 10709, 10711,
-    10713, 10715, 10717, 10719, 10721, 10723, 10725, 10727, 10729, 10731,
+    10530, 3253, 3192, 3289, 3257, 3259, 10532, 3212, 3218, 10534, 10536,
+    3220, 3261, 3224, 10538, 3229, 3231, 3233, 10540, 10542, 10544, 10546,
+    10548, 10550, 10552, 3245, 10613, 10615, 10617, 3291, 3255, 10619, 3210,
+    3214, 3273, 3293, 10621, 3222, 10623, 10625, 3263, 10627, 10629, 10631,
+    10633, 10635, 10637, 10639, 10641, 10643, 10645, 10647, 10649, 10651, 0,
+    0, 10653, 10655, 3283, 10657, 10659, 10661, 10663, 10665, 10667, 10669,
+    10671, 10673, 10675, 10677, 10679, 3285, 10681, 10683, 10685, 10687,
+    10689, 10691, 10693, 10695, 10697, 10699, 10701, 10703, 3281, 10705,
+    10707, 10709, 10711, 10713, 10715, 10717, 10719, 10721, 10723, 10725,
+    10727, 3279, 10729, 10731, 10733, 10735, 10737, 10739, 10741, 10743,
+    10745, 10747, 10749, 10751, 10753, 10755, 10757, 10759, 10653, 10655,
+    3283, 10657, 10659, 10661, 10663, 10665, 10667, 10669, 10671, 10673,
+    10675, 10677, 10679, 3285, 10681, 10683, 10685, 10687, 10689, 10691,
+    10693, 10695, 10697, 10699, 10701, 10703, 3281, 10705, 10707, 10709,
+    10711, 10713, 10715, 10717, 10719, 10721, 10723, 10725, 10727, 3279,
+    10729, 10731, 10733, 10735, 10737, 10739, 10741, 10743, 10745, 10747,
+    10749, 10751, 10753, 10755, 10757, 10759, 10653, 10655, 3283, 10657,
+    10659, 10661, 10663, 10665, 10667, 10669, 10671, 10673, 10675, 10677,
+    10679, 3285, 10681, 10683, 10685, 10687, 10689, 10691, 10693, 10695,
+    10697, 10699, 10701, 10703, 3281, 10705, 10707, 10709, 10711, 10713,
+    10715, 10717, 10719, 10721, 10723, 10725, 10727, 3279, 10729, 10731,
     10733, 10735, 10737, 10739, 10741, 10743, 10745, 10747, 10749, 10751,
-    10753, 10755, 10757, 10759, 10761, 10763, 10765, 10767, 10769, 10771,
-    10773, 10775, 10777, 10779, 10781, 10783, 10785, 10787, 10789, 10791,
-    10793, 10795, 10797, 10799, 10801, 10803, 10805, 10807, 10809, 10811,
-    10813, 10815, 10817, 10819, 10821, 10823, 10825, 10827, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 10829, 10831, 10833, 10835, 0, 10837,
+    10753, 10755, 10757, 10759, 10653, 10655, 3283, 10657, 10659, 10661,
+    10663, 10665, 10667, 10669, 10671, 10673, 10675, 10677, 10679, 3285,
+    10681, 10683, 10685, 10687, 10689, 10691, 10693, 10695, 10697, 10699,
+    10701, 10703, 3281, 10705, 10707, 10709, 10711, 10713, 10715, 10717,
+    10719, 10721, 10723, 10725, 10727, 3279, 10729, 10731, 10733, 10735,
+    10737, 10739, 10741, 10743, 10745, 10747, 10749, 10751, 10753, 10755,
+    10757, 10759, 10653, 10655, 3283, 10657, 10659, 10661, 10663, 10665,
+    10667, 10669, 10671, 10673, 10675, 10677, 10679, 3285, 10681, 10683,
+    10685, 10687, 10689, 10691, 10693, 10695, 10697, 10699, 10701, 10703,
+    3281, 10705, 10707, 10709, 10711, 10713, 10715, 10717, 10719, 10721,
+    10723, 10725, 10727, 3279, 10729, 10731, 10733, 10735, 10737, 10739,
+    10741, 10743, 10745, 10747, 10749, 10751, 10753, 10755, 10757, 10759,
+    10761, 10763, 0, 0, 10554, 10556, 10558, 10560, 10562, 10564, 10566,
+    10568, 10570, 10572, 10554, 10556, 10558, 10560, 10562, 10564, 10566,
+    10568, 10570, 10572, 10554, 10556, 10558, 10560, 10562, 10564, 10566,
+    10568, 10570, 10572, 10554, 10556, 10558, 10560, 10562, 10564, 10566,
+    10568, 10570, 10572, 10554, 10556, 10558, 10560, 10562, 10564, 10566,
+    10568, 10570, 10572, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 10765, 10767, 10769, 10771, 10773, 10775, 10777,
+    10779, 10781, 10783, 10785, 10787, 10789, 10791, 10793, 10795, 10797,
+    10799, 10801, 10803, 10805, 10807, 10809, 10811, 10813, 10815, 10817,
+    10819, 10821, 10823, 10825, 10827, 10829, 10831, 10833, 10835, 10837,
     10839, 10841, 10843, 10845, 10847, 10849, 10851, 10853, 10855, 10857,
     10859, 10861, 10863, 10865, 10867, 10869, 10871, 10873, 10875, 10877,
-    10879, 10881, 10883, 10885, 10887, 10889, 0, 10831, 10833, 0, 10891, 0,
-    0, 10841, 0, 10845, 10847, 10849, 10851, 10853, 10855, 10857, 10859,
-    10861, 10863, 0, 10867, 10869, 10871, 10873, 0, 10877, 0, 10881, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 10833, 0, 0, 0, 0, 10841, 0, 10845, 0, 10849, 0, 10853, 10855,
-    10857, 0, 10861, 10863, 0, 10867, 0, 0, 10873, 0, 10877, 0, 10881, 0,
-    10885, 0, 10889, 0, 10831, 10833, 0, 10891, 0, 0, 10841, 10843, 10845,
-    10847, 0, 10851, 10853, 10855, 10857, 10859, 10861, 10863, 0, 10867,
-    10869, 10871, 10873, 0, 10877, 10879, 10881, 10883, 0, 10887, 0, 10829,
-    10831, 10833, 10835, 10891, 10837, 10839, 10841, 10843, 10845, 0, 10849,
-    10851, 10853, 10855, 10857, 10859, 10861, 10863, 10865, 10867, 10869,
-    10871, 10873, 10875, 10877, 10879, 10881, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 10831, 10833,
-    10835, 0, 10837, 10839, 10841, 10843, 10845, 0, 10849, 10851, 10853,
-    10855, 10857, 10859, 10861, 10863, 10865, 10867, 10869, 10871, 10873,
-    10875, 10877, 10879, 10881, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 10893, 10896, 10899, 10902, 10905, 10908, 10911, 10914,
-    10917, 10920, 10923, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 10926, 10930, 10934, 10938, 10942,
-    10946, 10950, 10954, 10958, 10962, 10966, 10970, 10974, 10978, 10982,
-    10986, 10990, 10994, 10998, 11002, 11006, 11010, 11014, 11018, 11022,
-    11026, 11030, 3926, 3956, 11034, 11037, 0, 11040, 11042, 11044, 11046,
-    11048, 11050, 11052, 11054, 11056, 11058, 11060, 11062, 11064, 11066,
-    11068, 11070, 11072, 11074, 11076, 11078, 11080, 11082, 11084, 11086,
-    11088, 11090, 11092, 6348, 11095, 11098, 11101, 11105, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11108, 11111,
-    11114, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11117, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11120, 11123, 11126, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 11128, 11130, 11132, 11134, 11136, 11138, 11140, 11142, 11144,
-    11146, 11148, 11150, 11152, 11154, 11156, 11158, 11160, 11162, 11164,
-    11166, 11168, 11170, 11172, 11174, 11176, 11178, 11180, 11182, 11184,
-    11186, 11188, 11190, 11192, 11194, 11196, 11198, 11200, 11202, 11204,
-    11206, 11208, 11210, 11212, 11214, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11216, 11220, 11224,
-    11228, 11232, 11236, 11240, 11244, 11248, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11252,
-    11254, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 10685, 10687, 10689,
-    10691, 10693, 10695, 10697, 10699, 10701, 10703, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11256,
-    11258, 11260, 11262, 11264, 7195, 11266, 11268, 11270, 11272, 7197,
-    11274, 11276, 11278, 7199, 11280, 11282, 11284, 11286, 11288, 11290,
-    11292, 11294, 11296, 11298, 11300, 11302, 7315, 11304, 11306, 11308,
-    11310, 11312, 11314, 11316, 11318, 11320, 7325, 7201, 7203, 7327, 11322,
-    11324, 6817, 11326, 7205, 11328, 11330, 11332, 11334, 11334, 11334,
-    11336, 11338, 11340, 11342, 11344, 11346, 11348, 11350, 11352, 11354,
-    11356, 11358, 11360, 11362, 11364, 11366, 11368, 11370, 11370, 7331,
-    11372, 11374, 11376, 11378, 7209, 11380, 11382, 11384, 7123, 11386,
-    11388, 11390, 11392, 11394, 11396, 11398, 11400, 11402, 11404, 11406,
-    11408, 11410, 11412, 11414, 11416, 11418, 11420, 11422, 11424, 11426,
-    11428, 11430, 11432, 11434, 11436, 11436, 11438, 11440, 11442, 6809,
-    11444, 11446, 11448, 11450, 11452, 11454, 11456, 11458, 7219, 11460,
-    11462, 11464, 11466, 11468, 11470, 11472, 11474, 11476, 11478, 11480,
-    11482, 11484, 11486, 11488, 11490, 11492, 11494, 11496, 11498, 11500,
-    6701, 11502, 11504, 11506, 11506, 11508, 11510, 11510, 11512, 11514,
-    11516, 11518, 11520, 11522, 11524, 11526, 11528, 11530, 11532, 11534,
-    11536, 7221, 11538, 11540, 11542, 11544, 7355, 11544, 11546, 7225, 11548,
-    11550, 11552, 11554, 7227, 6647, 11556, 11558, 11560, 11562, 11564,
-    11566, 11568, 11570, 11572, 11574, 11576, 11578, 11580, 11582, 11584,
-    11586, 11588, 11590, 11592, 11594, 11596, 11598, 7229, 11600, 11602,
-    11604, 11606, 11608, 11610, 7233, 11612, 11614, 11616, 11618, 11620,
-    11622, 11624, 11626, 6703, 7371, 11628, 11630, 11632, 11634, 11636,
-    11638, 11640, 11642, 7235, 11644, 11646, 11648, 11650, 7457, 11652,
-    11654, 11656, 11658, 11660, 11662, 11664, 11666, 11668, 11670, 11672,
-    11674, 11676, 6843, 11678, 11680, 11682, 11684, 11686, 11688, 11690,
-    11692, 11694, 11696, 11698, 7237, 7017, 11700, 11702, 11704, 11706,
-    11708, 11710, 11712, 11714, 7379, 11716, 11718, 11720, 11722, 11724,
-    11726, 11728, 11730, 7381, 11732, 11734, 11736, 11738, 11740, 11742,
-    11744, 11746, 11748, 11750, 11752, 11754, 7385, 11756, 11758, 11760,
-    11762, 11764, 11766, 11768, 11770, 11772, 11774, 11776, 11776, 11778,
-    11780, 7389, 11782, 11784, 11786, 11788, 11790, 11792, 11794, 6815,
-    11796, 11798, 11800, 11802, 11804, 11806, 11808, 7401, 11810, 11812,
-    11814, 11816, 11818, 11820, 11820, 7403, 7461, 11822, 11824, 11826,
-    11828, 11830, 6739, 7407, 11832, 11834, 7259, 11836, 11838, 7167, 11840,
-    11842, 7267, 11844, 11846, 11848, 11850, 11850, 11852, 11854, 11856,
-    11858, 11860, 11862, 11864, 11866, 11868, 11870, 11872, 11874, 11876,
-    11878, 11880, 11882, 11884, 11886, 11888, 11890, 11892, 11894, 11896,
-    11898, 11900, 11902, 11904, 7279, 11906, 11908, 11910, 11912, 11914,
-    11916, 11918, 11920, 11922, 11924, 11926, 11928, 11930, 11932, 11934,
-    11936, 11508, 11938, 11940, 11942, 11944, 11946, 11948, 11950, 11952,
-    11954, 11956, 11958, 11960, 6851, 11962, 11964, 11966, 11968, 11970,
-    11972, 7285, 11974, 11976, 11978, 11980, 11982, 11984, 11986, 11988,
-    11990, 11992, 11994, 11996, 11998, 12000, 12002, 12004, 12006, 12008,
-    12010, 12012, 6729, 12014, 12016, 12018, 12020, 12022, 12024, 7421,
-    12026, 12028, 12030, 12032, 12034, 12036, 12038, 12040, 12042, 12044,
-    12046, 12048, 12050, 12052, 12054, 12056, 12058, 12060, 12062, 12064,
-    7431, 7433, 12066, 12068, 12070, 12072, 12074, 12076, 12078, 12080,
-    12082, 12084, 12086, 12088, 12090, 7435, 12092, 12094, 12096, 12098,
-    12100, 12102, 12104, 12106, 12108, 12110, 12112, 12114, 12116, 12118,
-    12120, 12122, 12124, 12126, 12128, 12130, 12132, 12134, 12136, 12138,
-    12140, 12142, 12144, 12146, 12148, 12150, 7447, 7447, 12152, 12154,
-    12156, 12158, 12160, 12162, 12164, 12166, 12168, 12170, 7449, 12172,
-    12174, 12176, 12178, 12180, 12182, 12184, 12186, 12188, 12190, 12192,
-    12194, 12196, 12198, 12200, 12202, 12204, 12206, 12208, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    10879, 10881, 10883, 10885, 10887, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 10889, 10891, 10893, 10895, 0, 10897, 10899, 10901, 10903,
+    10905, 10907, 10909, 10911, 10913, 10915, 10917, 10919, 10921, 10923,
+    10925, 10927, 10929, 10931, 10933, 10935, 10937, 10939, 10941, 10943,
+    10945, 10947, 10949, 0, 10891, 10893, 0, 10951, 0, 0, 10901, 0, 10905,
+    10907, 10909, 10911, 10913, 10915, 10917, 10919, 10921, 10923, 0, 10927,
+    10929, 10931, 10933, 0, 10937, 0, 10941, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 10893, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 10901, 0, 10905, 0, 10909, 0, 10913, 10915, 10917, 0, 10921, 10923,
+    0, 10927, 0, 0, 10933, 0, 10937, 0, 10941, 0, 10945, 0, 10949, 0, 10891,
+    10893, 0, 10951, 0, 0, 10901, 10903, 10905, 10907, 0, 10911, 10913,
+    10915, 10917, 10919, 10921, 10923, 0, 10927, 10929, 10931, 10933, 0,
+    10937, 10939, 10941, 10943, 0, 10947, 0, 10889, 10891, 10893, 10895,
+    10951, 10897, 10899, 10901, 10903, 10905, 0, 10909, 10911, 10913, 10915,
+    10917, 10919, 10921, 10923, 10925, 10927, 10929, 10931, 10933, 10935,
+    10937, 10939, 10941, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 10891, 10893, 10895, 0, 10897, 10899,
+    10901, 10903, 10905, 0, 10909, 10911, 10913, 10915, 10917, 10919, 10921,
+    10923, 10925, 10927, 10929, 10931, 10933, 10935, 10937, 10939, 10941, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 10953, 10956,
+    10959, 10962, 10965, 10968, 10971, 10974, 10977, 10980, 10983, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 10986, 10990, 10994, 10998, 11002, 11006, 11010, 11014, 11018,
+    11022, 11026, 11030, 11034, 11038, 11042, 11046, 11050, 11054, 11058,
+    11062, 11066, 11070, 11074, 11078, 11082, 11086, 11090, 3926, 3956,
+    11094, 11097, 0, 11100, 11102, 11104, 11106, 11108, 11110, 11112, 11114,
+    11116, 11118, 11120, 11122, 11124, 11126, 11128, 11130, 11132, 11134,
+    11136, 11138, 11140, 11142, 11144, 11146, 11148, 11150, 11152, 6348,
+    11155, 11158, 11161, 11165, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11168, 11171, 11174, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11177, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11180,
+    11183, 11186, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11188, 11190, 11192,
+    11194, 11196, 11198, 11200, 11202, 11204, 11206, 11208, 11210, 11212,
+    11214, 11216, 11218, 11220, 11222, 11224, 11226, 11228, 11230, 11232,
+    11234, 11236, 11238, 11240, 11242, 11244, 11246, 11248, 11250, 11252,
+    11254, 11256, 11258, 11260, 11262, 11264, 11266, 11268, 11270, 11272,
+    11274, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11276, 11280, 11284, 11288, 11292, 11296, 11300,
+    11304, 11308, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11312, 11314, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 10554, 10556, 10558, 10560, 10562, 10564, 10566, 10568,
+    10570, 10572, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11316, 11318, 11320, 11322, 11324, 7195,
+    11326, 11328, 11330, 11332, 7197, 11334, 11336, 11338, 7199, 11340,
+    11342, 11344, 11346, 11348, 11350, 11352, 11354, 11356, 11358, 11360,
+    11362, 7315, 11364, 11366, 11368, 11370, 11372, 11374, 11376, 11378,
+    11380, 7325, 7201, 7203, 7327, 11382, 11384, 6817, 11386, 7205, 11388,
+    11390, 11392, 11394, 11394, 11394, 11396, 11398, 11400, 11402, 11404,
+    11406, 11408, 11410, 11412, 11414, 11416, 11418, 11420, 11422, 11424,
+    11426, 11428, 11430, 11430, 7331, 11432, 11434, 11436, 11438, 7209,
+    11440, 11442, 11444, 7123, 11446, 11448, 11450, 11452, 11454, 11456,
+    11458, 11460, 11462, 11464, 11466, 11468, 11470, 11472, 11474, 11476,
+    11478, 11480, 11482, 11484, 11486, 11488, 11490, 11492, 11494, 11496,
+    11496, 11498, 11500, 11502, 6809, 11504, 11506, 11508, 11510, 11512,
+    11514, 11516, 11518, 7219, 11520, 11522, 11524, 11526, 11528, 11530,
+    11532, 11534, 11536, 11538, 11540, 11542, 11544, 11546, 11548, 11550,
+    11552, 11554, 11556, 11558, 11560, 6701, 11562, 11564, 11566, 11566,
+    11568, 11570, 11570, 11572, 11574, 11576, 11578, 11580, 11582, 11584,
+    11586, 11588, 11590, 11592, 11594, 11596, 7221, 11598, 11600, 11602,
+    11604, 7355, 11604, 11606, 7225, 11608, 11610, 11612, 11614, 7227, 6647,
+    11616, 11618, 11620, 11622, 11624, 11626, 11628, 11630, 11632, 11634,
+    11636, 11638, 11640, 11642, 11644, 11646, 11648, 11650, 11652, 11654,
+    11656, 11658, 7229, 11660, 11662, 11664, 11666, 11668, 11670, 7233,
+    11672, 11674, 11676, 11678, 11680, 11682, 11684, 11686, 6703, 7371,
+    11688, 11690, 11692, 11694, 11696, 11698, 11700, 11702, 7235, 11704,
+    11706, 11708, 11710, 7457, 11712, 11714, 11716, 11718, 11720, 11722,
+    11724, 11726, 11728, 11730, 11732, 11734, 11736, 6843, 11738, 11740,
+    11742, 11744, 11746, 11748, 11750, 11752, 11754, 11756, 11758, 7237,
+    7017, 11760, 11762, 11764, 11766, 11768, 11770, 11772, 11774, 7379,
+    11776, 11778, 11780, 11782, 11784, 11786, 11788, 11790, 7381, 11792,
+    11794, 11796, 11798, 11800, 11802, 11804, 11806, 11808, 11810, 11812,
+    11814, 7385, 11816, 11818, 11820, 11822, 11824, 11826, 11828, 11830,
+    11832, 11834, 11836, 11836, 11838, 11840, 7389, 11842, 11844, 11846,
+    11848, 11850, 11852, 11854, 6815, 11856, 11858, 11860, 11862, 11864,
+    11866, 11868, 7401, 11870, 11872, 11874, 11876, 11878, 11880, 11880,
+    7403, 7461, 11882, 11884, 11886, 11888, 11890, 6739, 7407, 11892, 11894,
+    7259, 11896, 11898, 7167, 11900, 11902, 7267, 11904, 11906, 11908, 11910,
+    11910, 11912, 11914, 11916, 11918, 11920, 11922, 11924, 11926, 11928,
+    11930, 11932, 11934, 11936, 11938, 11940, 11942, 11944, 11946, 11948,
+    11950, 11952, 11954, 11956, 11958, 11960, 11962, 11964, 7279, 11966,
+    11968, 11970, 11972, 11974, 11976, 11978, 11980, 11982, 11984, 11986,
+    11988, 11990, 11992, 11994, 11996, 11568, 11998, 12000, 12002, 12004,
+    12006, 12008, 12010, 12012, 12014, 12016, 12018, 12020, 6851, 12022,
+    12024, 12026, 12028, 12030, 12032, 7285, 12034, 12036, 12038, 12040,
+    12042, 12044, 12046, 12048, 12050, 12052, 12054, 12056, 12058, 12060,
+    12062, 12064, 12066, 12068, 12070, 12072, 6729, 12074, 12076, 12078,
+    12080, 12082, 12084, 7421, 12086, 12088, 12090, 12092, 12094, 12096,
+    12098, 12100, 12102, 12104, 12106, 12108, 12110, 12112, 12114, 12116,
+    12118, 12120, 12122, 12124, 7431, 7433, 12126, 12128, 12130, 12132,
+    12134, 12136, 12138, 12140, 12142, 12144, 12146, 12148, 12150, 7435,
+    12152, 12154, 12156, 12158, 12160, 12162, 12164, 12166, 12168, 12170,
+    12172, 12174, 12176, 12178, 12180, 12182, 12184, 12186, 12188, 12190,
+    12192, 12194, 12196, 12198, 12200, 12202, 12204, 12206, 12208, 12210,
+    7447, 7447, 12212, 12214, 12216, 12218, 12220, 12222, 12224, 12226,
+    12228, 12230, 7449, 12232, 12234, 12236, 12238, 12240, 12242, 12244,
+    12246, 12248, 12250, 12252, 12254, 12256, 12258, 12260, 12262, 12264,
+    12266, 12268, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
 };
 
 /* NFC pairs */
 #define COMP_SHIFT 2
 static const unsigned short comp_index[] = {
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4,
-    5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 10, 0, 0, 11, 0, 12, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 13, 14, 15, 0, 0, 16, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27,
-    28, 29, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 30, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 31, 32, 33, 0, 0, 34, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 35, 36,
-    37, 38, 39, 40, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 48, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    49, 0, 50, 0, 51, 52, 53, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 54, 0, 0, 55, 56, 57,
-    58, 59, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 60, 61, 0, 0, 62, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 63, 64, 65, 0, 66, 67, 68, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 69, 70, 71,
-    72, 73, 74, 75, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 76, 0, 77, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 78, 79, 0, 80, 81, 82, 83, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 84, 85, 86, 0, 87, 88, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 89, 90, 0, 91,
-    92, 93, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 101, 0, 0, 102, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 103,
-    104, 0, 0, 105, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 106, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 107, 108, 109, 0, 110, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
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-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 652, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 653, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 654, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 655, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 656, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 657, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 658, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 659, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 660, 661,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 662, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 663, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 664,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 665, 666, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 667, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    668, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 669, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 670, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    671, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 672, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 673, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 674, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 675, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 676, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 677, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 678, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 679, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 680, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 681,
+    0, 0, 0, 600, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 601, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 602, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 603, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 604, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 605,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 606, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 607, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 608, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    609, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 610, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 611, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 612, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 613, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 614, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 615, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 616, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 617, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 618, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 619, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 620, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 621, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 622, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 623, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 624, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 625, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 626,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 627, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 628, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 629, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 630, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 631, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 632, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 633, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    634, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 635, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 636, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 637, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 638, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 639, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 640, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 641, 642, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 643, 644, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 645, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 646, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 647, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 648, 649, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 650, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 651,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 652, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 653, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 654, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    655,
 };
 
 static const unsigned int comp_data[] = {
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 8814, 0, 0, 8800, 0, 0, 8815, 0, 0, 0, 192, 193,
-    194, 195, 256, 258, 550, 196, 7842, 197, 0, 461, 512, 514, 0, 0, 0, 7840,
-    0, 7680, 0, 0, 260, 0, 0, 7682, 0, 0, 7684, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7686, 0, 262,
-    264, 0, 0, 0, 266, 0, 0, 0, 0, 268, 0, 199, 0, 0, 0, 7690, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    270, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7692, 0, 0, 0, 7696, 0, 7698, 0, 0, 7694, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    200, 201, 202, 7868, 274, 276, 278, 203, 7866, 0, 0, 282, 516, 518, 0, 0,
-    0, 7864, 0, 0, 0, 552, 280, 7704, 0, 7706, 0, 0, 0, 7710, 0, 500, 284, 0,
-    7712, 286, 288, 0, 0, 0, 0, 486, 0, 290, 0, 0, 0, 292, 0, 0, 0, 7714,
-    7718, 0, 0, 0, 542, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7716, 0, 0, 0, 7720, 0, 0, 7722, 0, 0,
-    204, 205, 206, 296, 298, 300, 304, 207, 7880, 0, 0, 463, 520, 522, 0, 0,
-    0, 7882, 0, 0, 0, 0, 302, 0, 0, 7724, 0, 0, 0, 308, 0, 7728, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 488, 0, 7730, 0, 0, 0, 310, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7732, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 313, 0,
-    317, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7734, 0, 0, 0, 315, 0, 7740, 0, 0, 7738, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 7742, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7744, 0, 0, 7746, 0, 504, 323, 0, 209, 0, 0, 7748,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 327, 0, 7750, 0, 0, 0, 325, 0, 7754, 0, 0, 7752, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    210, 211, 212, 213, 332, 334, 558, 214, 7886, 0, 336, 465, 524, 526, 0,
-    0, 416, 7884, 0, 0, 0, 0, 490, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7764, 7766, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    340, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7768, 344, 528, 530, 0, 0, 0, 7770, 0, 0, 0, 342, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 7774, 0, 346, 348, 0, 0, 0, 7776, 0, 0, 0, 0, 352, 0, 7778, 0, 0,
-    536, 350, 0, 0, 0, 7786, 0, 0, 0, 0, 356, 0, 7788, 0, 0, 538, 354, 0,
-    7792, 0, 0, 7790, 0, 0, 0, 0, 217, 218, 219, 360, 362, 364, 0, 220, 7910,
-    366, 368, 467, 532, 534, 0, 0, 431, 7908, 7794, 0, 0, 0, 370, 7798, 0,
-    7796, 7804, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7806, 0, 7808, 7810, 372, 0, 0, 0, 7814, 7812,
-    0, 7816, 0, 0, 0, 7818, 7820, 0, 0, 0, 7922, 221, 374, 7928, 562, 0,
-    7822, 376, 7926, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7924, 0, 0, 377, 7824, 0, 0, 0, 379, 381, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 7826, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7828, 224, 225, 226, 227, 257, 259, 551,
-    228, 7843, 229, 0, 462, 513, 515, 0, 0, 0, 7841, 0, 7681, 0, 0, 261, 0,
-    0, 7683, 0, 0, 7685, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7687, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 263, 265, 0, 0, 0,
-    267, 0, 0, 0, 0, 269, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 231, 0, 0, 0, 7691, 271, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 7693, 0, 0, 0, 7697, 0, 7699, 0, 0, 7695, 232, 233, 234, 7869, 275,
-    277, 279, 235, 7867, 0, 0, 283, 517, 519, 0, 0, 0, 7865, 0, 0, 0, 553,
-    281, 7705, 0, 7707, 0, 0, 0, 7711, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 501, 285, 0, 7713, 287,
-    289, 0, 0, 0, 0, 487, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 291, 0, 0, 0, 293, 0, 0, 0, 7715,
-    7719, 0, 0, 0, 543, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7717, 0, 0, 0, 7721, 0, 0, 7723, 0,
-    7830, 236, 237, 238, 297, 299, 301, 0, 239, 7881, 0, 0, 464, 521, 523, 0,
-    0, 0, 7883, 0, 0, 0, 0, 303, 0, 0, 7725, 0, 0, 0, 309, 0, 0, 0, 0, 496,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 7729, 0, 489, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7731, 0, 0, 0, 311, 7733, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 314, 0, 318, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7735, 0, 0, 0, 316, 0, 7741, 0, 0,
-    7739, 0, 7743, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7745, 0, 0, 7747, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 505, 324, 0,
-    241, 0, 0, 7749, 0, 0, 0, 0, 328, 0, 7751, 0, 0, 0, 326, 0, 7755, 0, 0,
-    7753, 0, 0, 0, 0, 242, 243, 244, 245, 333, 335, 559, 246, 7887, 0, 337,
-    466, 525, 527, 0, 0, 417, 7885, 491, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7765, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    7767, 0, 341, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7769, 0, 0, 0, 0, 345, 529, 531, 0, 0, 0, 7771,
-    0, 0, 0, 343, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7775, 0, 347, 349, 0, 0, 0, 7777, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    353, 0, 7779, 0, 0, 537, 351, 0, 0, 0, 7787, 7831, 0, 0, 0, 357, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 7789, 0, 0, 539, 355, 0, 7793, 0, 0, 7791, 0, 0, 0, 0, 249, 250,
-    251, 361, 363, 365, 0, 252, 7911, 367, 369, 468, 533, 535, 0, 0, 432,
-    7909, 7795, 0, 0, 0, 371, 7799, 0, 7797, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7805, 0, 7807, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 7809, 7811, 373, 0, 0, 0, 7815, 7813, 0, 7832, 0, 0, 0, 7817, 0,
-    0, 0, 7819, 7821, 0, 0, 0, 7923, 253, 375, 7929, 563, 0, 7823, 255, 7927,
-    7833, 0, 0, 0, 7925, 0, 0, 378, 7825, 0, 0, 0, 380, 0, 0, 0, 0, 382, 0,
-    7827, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7829, 0, 0, 0, 0, 8173, 901, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 8129, 0,
-    0, 7846, 7844, 0, 7850, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7848, 0, 0, 478, 0, 0, 0, 506, 0, 0,
-    508, 0, 0, 482, 0, 0, 0, 7688, 0, 7872, 7870, 0, 7876, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7874,
-    0, 0, 0, 7726, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7890, 7888, 0, 7894, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7892, 0,
-    0, 0, 7756, 0, 0, 556, 0, 0, 7758, 0, 0, 0, 554, 0, 0, 0, 510, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 475, 471, 0, 0, 469, 0, 0, 473, 0, 0, 0, 7847, 7845, 0, 7851, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 7849, 0, 0, 479, 0, 0, 0, 507, 0, 0, 509, 0, 0, 483, 0, 0, 0, 7689,
-    0, 7873, 7871, 0, 7877, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7875, 0, 0, 0, 7727, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    7891, 7889, 0, 7895, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7893, 0, 0, 0, 7757, 0, 0, 557, 0, 0,
-    7759, 0, 0, 0, 555, 0, 0, 0, 511, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 476, 472, 0, 0, 470, 0,
-    0, 474, 0, 0, 0, 7856, 7854, 0, 7860, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7858, 0, 0, 7857, 7855,
-    0, 7861, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7859, 0, 0, 7700, 7702, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7701, 7703,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7760, 7762, 0, 7761, 7763, 0, 0, 0, 7780, 0, 0, 7781, 0,
-    0, 7782, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7783, 0, 7800, 0, 0, 7801, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7802,
-    0, 0, 7803, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7835, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7900, 7898, 0, 7904, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 7902, 7906, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7901, 7899, 0, 7905, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7903,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 7907, 0, 7914, 7912, 0, 7918, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7916, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    7920, 0, 7915, 7913, 0, 7919, 7917, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7921, 0, 0, 0, 0, 494, 0,
-    0, 0, 492, 0, 0, 493, 0, 0, 480, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 481, 0, 0, 0, 7708, 0,
-    0, 7709, 0, 560, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 561, 0, 495, 0, 0, 0, 8122, 902, 0, 0,
-    8121, 8120, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7944, 7945, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 8124, 0, 8136, 904, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 7960, 7961, 0, 0, 0, 8138, 905, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7976, 7977, 0, 8140,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 8154, 906, 0, 0, 8153, 8152, 0, 938, 0, 0, 7992, 7993, 0,
-    0, 0, 8184, 908, 0, 0, 0, 0, 8008, 8009, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 8172, 0, 0, 0,
-    8170, 910, 0, 0, 8169, 8168, 0, 939, 0, 0, 0, 8025, 0, 0, 0, 8186, 911,
-    8040, 8041, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 8188, 0, 0, 8116, 0, 0, 8132, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    8048, 940, 0, 0, 8113, 8112, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7936, 7937, 0, 0, 0, 0, 8118,
-    8115, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 8050, 941, 7952, 7953, 0, 0, 0, 8052, 942, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 7968, 7969, 0, 0, 0, 0, 8134, 8131, 0, 8054, 943, 0, 0, 8145, 8144, 0,
-    970, 0, 0, 7984, 7985, 8150, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 8056, 972, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    8000, 8001, 0, 8164, 8165, 0, 0, 0, 8058, 973, 0, 0, 8161, 8160, 0, 971,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 8016, 8017, 0, 0, 0, 0, 8166, 0, 0, 8060, 974, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 8032, 8033, 8182, 8179, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 8146, 912, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    8151, 0, 0, 8162, 944, 0, 0, 8167, 0, 0, 0, 8180, 0, 0, 979, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 980, 0, 0, 1031, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1232, 0, 1234, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1027, 0, 1024,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 1238, 0, 1025, 1217, 0, 1244, 0, 0, 1246, 0, 0, 0, 1037, 0,
-    0, 0, 1250, 1049, 0, 1252, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1036, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1254, 0, 0, 0,
-    1262, 1038, 0, 1264, 0, 0, 1266, 0, 0, 0, 1268, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1272,
-    0, 0, 1260, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1233, 0, 1235, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1107, 0, 1104, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 1239, 0, 1105, 1218, 0, 1245, 0, 0, 1247, 0, 0, 0, 1117, 0, 0, 0,
-    1251, 1081, 0, 1253, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1116, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1255, 0, 0, 0, 1263,
-    1118, 0, 1265, 0, 0, 1267, 0, 0, 0, 1269, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1273, 0, 0,
-    1261, 0, 0, 1111, 0, 0, 0, 1142, 0, 0, 1143, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1242, 0, 0,
-    1243, 0, 0, 1258, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1259, 0, 1570, 1571, 1573, 0, 1572,
-    0, 0, 1574, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1730, 0, 0, 1747, 0, 0, 1728, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    2345, 0, 0, 2353, 0, 0, 2356, 0, 0, 0, 2507, 2508, 0, 0, 0, 2891, 2888,
-    2892, 2964, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3018, 3020, 0, 3019, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3144, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 3264, 0, 3274, 3271, 3272, 0, 3275, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3402, 3404, 0,
-    3403, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3546, 3548, 3550, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3549, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    4134, 0, 0, 0, 6918, 0, 0, 6920, 0, 0, 6922, 0, 0, 6924, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 6926, 0, 0, 6930, 0, 0, 6971, 0, 0, 6973, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 6976, 0,
-    0, 6977, 0, 0, 6979, 0, 0, 0, 7736, 0, 0, 7737, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7772,
-    0, 0, 7773, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7784, 0, 0, 7785, 0, 0, 7852, 0, 0, 7862, 0, 0,
-    0, 7853, 0, 0, 7863, 0, 0, 0, 7878, 0, 0, 7879, 0, 0, 7896, 0, 0, 7897,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 7938, 7940, 0, 0, 7942, 8064, 0, 7939, 7941, 0, 0, 7943,
-    8065, 0, 0, 8066, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 8067, 0, 0, 8068, 0, 0, 8069, 0, 0,
-    8070, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 8071, 0, 7946, 7948, 0, 0, 7950, 8072, 0, 7947,
-    7949, 0, 0, 7951, 8073, 0, 0, 8074, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 8075, 0, 0, 8076,
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+    0, 12537, 0, 0, 0, 12538, 0, 0, 0, 12542, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 67017, 0, 0, 0,
+    67044, 0, 0, 0, 69786, 0, 0, 0, 69788, 0, 0, 0, 69803, 0, 0, 0, 0, 69934,
+    0, 0, 0, 69935, 70475, 70476, 0, 0, 0, 70531, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 70533,
+    70542, 0, 0, 0, 0, 70545, 0, 0, 0, 0, 70599, 0, 70597, 70600, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    70844, 70843, 70846, 0, 0, 0, 0, 71098, 0, 0, 0, 71099, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    71992, 0, 0, 0, 0, 90401, 90403, 90405, 90402, 0, 90406, 90408, 0, 0,
+    90407, 0, 0, 0, 90404, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 93545, 0, 0, 0, 93544, 0, 0, 0,
+    93546,
 };
 
 static const change_record change_records_3_2_0[] = {
@@ -6039,6 +6199,7 @@ static const change_record change_records_3_2_0[] = {
     { 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 1000000000000.0 },
     { 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 1e+20 },
     { 255, 19, 255, 255, 255, -1 },
+    { 1, 255, 255, 255, 255, 0 },
     { 1, 255, 255, 0, 255, 0 },
 };
 static const unsigned char changes_3_2_0_index[] = {
@@ -6056,31 +6217,31 @@ static const unsigned char changes_3_2_0_index[] = {
     1, 1, 1, 1, 78, 79, 80, 1, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 28, 90,
     91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106,
     107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 28, 28, 28, 115, 116, 117, 1, 1,
-    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 118, 28, 28, 28, 28, 119, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
-    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 28, 28, 120, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
-    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 28, 28, 121,
-    122, 1, 1, 123, 124, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28,
-    28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 125, 28, 28, 28, 28, 126, 127, 1,
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 118, 28, 28, 28, 28, 119, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28,
+    28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 120, 28, 28, 121, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 122, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
+    1, 28, 28, 123, 124, 1, 125, 126, 127, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28,
+    28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 128, 28, 28,
+    28, 28, 129, 130, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 131, 28, 132, 133, 1, 1, 1,
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 134, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 135,
+    28, 136, 137, 1, 138, 139, 140, 141, 1, 142, 143, 28, 28, 144, 1, 1, 1,
+    1, 145, 146, 147, 148, 1, 149, 150, 1, 151, 152, 153, 1, 1, 154, 155,
+    156, 1, 157, 158, 159, 28, 28, 28, 160, 161, 162, 28, 163, 164, 1, 1, 1,
+    1, 165, 67, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 166, 167, 168, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 169, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 170, 1,
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 171, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
     1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
-    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 128, 28, 129, 130, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
-    131, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 132, 1, 133,
-    134, 135, 136, 1, 137, 138, 28, 28, 139, 1, 1, 1, 1, 140, 141, 142, 143,
-    1, 144, 1, 1, 145, 146, 147, 1, 1, 148, 149, 150, 1, 151, 152, 153, 28,
-    28, 28, 154, 155, 156, 28, 157, 158, 1, 1, 1, 1, 159, 67, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
-    1, 1, 160, 161, 162, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
-    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 163, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 164, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
-    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 165, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
-    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 166, 1,
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 172, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
     1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
     1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
-    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 167, 28, 28, 28,
-    28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 168, 169, 28, 28, 28,
-    28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28,
-    170, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28,
-    28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 171, 28, 28, 43, 1, 1, 1, 1,
-    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 163, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28,
-    28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 172, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28,
-    28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 173, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
+    1, 1, 1, 173, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28,
+    28, 174, 175, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28,
+    28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 176, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28,
+    28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 177,
+    28, 28, 43, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 169, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 28, 28,
+    28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 178,
+    28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 179, 1, 1, 1,
     1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
     1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
     1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
@@ -6196,7 +6357,7 @@ static const unsigned char changes_3_2_0_index[] = {
     1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
     1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
     1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
-    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 174, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 180, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
     1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
     1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
     1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
@@ -6228,7 +6389,7 @@ static const unsigned char changes_3_2_0_index[] = {
     1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
     1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
     1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
-    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
 };
 
 static const unsigned char changes_3_2_0_data[] = {
@@ -6323,7 +6484,7 @@ static const unsigned char changes_3_2_0_data[] = {
     9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
@@ -6514,9 +6675,9 @@ static const unsigned char changes_3_2_0_data[] = {
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
@@ -6527,7 +6688,7 @@ static const unsigned char changes_3_2_0_data[] = {
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
@@ -6580,7 +6741,7 @@ static const unsigned char changes_3_2_0_data[] = {
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 21, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
@@ -6598,7 +6759,7 @@ static const unsigned char changes_3_2_0_data[] = {
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 51,
     51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51,
@@ -6620,27 +6781,27 @@ static const unsigned char changes_3_2_0_data[] = {
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 48, 48, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 48, 48, 48,
-    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 48,
+    48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 9, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0,
+    9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9,
+    9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37,
     37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37,
     37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37,
     37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37,
@@ -6654,24 +6815,24 @@ static const unsigned char changes_3_2_0_data[] = {
     37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37,
     37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37,
     37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37,
-    37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 52, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 52, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
@@ -6686,22 +6847,22 @@ static const unsigned char changes_3_2_0_data[] = {
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
@@ -6718,9 +6879,9 @@ static const unsigned char changes_3_2_0_data[] = {
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 32, 32, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 32, 32, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
@@ -6729,51 +6890,51 @@ static const unsigned char changes_3_2_0_data[] = {
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    53, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 53, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
@@ -6785,7 +6946,7 @@ static const unsigned char changes_3_2_0_data[] = {
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
@@ -6800,20 +6961,20 @@ static const unsigned char changes_3_2_0_data[] = {
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
@@ -6824,8 +6985,8 @@ static const unsigned char changes_3_2_0_data[] = {
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
@@ -6838,7 +6999,7 @@ static const unsigned char changes_3_2_0_data[] = {
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 54, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 54, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
@@ -6849,12 +7010,12 @@ static const unsigned char changes_3_2_0_data[] = {
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
@@ -6863,7 +7024,7 @@ static const unsigned char changes_3_2_0_data[] = {
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 55, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 55, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
@@ -6872,13 +7033,13 @@ static const unsigned char changes_3_2_0_data[] = {
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
@@ -6887,10 +7048,10 @@ static const unsigned char changes_3_2_0_data[] = {
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
@@ -6906,7 +7067,7 @@ static const unsigned char changes_3_2_0_data[] = {
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
@@ -6920,7 +7081,7 @@ static const unsigned char changes_3_2_0_data[] = {
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
@@ -6928,11 +7089,11 @@ static const unsigned char changes_3_2_0_data[] = {
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
@@ -6949,12 +7110,12 @@ static const unsigned char changes_3_2_0_data[] = {
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
@@ -6970,12 +7131,12 @@ static const unsigned char changes_3_2_0_data[] = {
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 22, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 22, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
@@ -6993,12 +7154,12 @@ static const unsigned char changes_3_2_0_data[] = {
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
@@ -7006,7 +7167,7 @@ static const unsigned char changes_3_2_0_data[] = {
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
@@ -7015,51 +7176,51 @@ static const unsigned char changes_3_2_0_data[] = {
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 0, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 9, 9, 0, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
@@ -7067,208 +7228,208 @@ static const unsigned char changes_3_2_0_data[] = {
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 0, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 0, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 9, 9,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 49, 50, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 49, 50, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 21,
-    21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 21, 21, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
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-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0,
-    0, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9,
+    9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0,
-    0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
@@ -7277,102 +7438,102 @@ static const unsigned char changes_3_2_0_data[] = {
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 9, 9, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 9, 9, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 0,
-    0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 9, 9, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 0, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 9, 9, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9,
+    0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 0, 0, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 0, 0, 9,
+    0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
@@ -7380,41 +7541,39 @@ static const unsigned char changes_3_2_0_data[] = {
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0,
-    9, 9, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    0, 9, 9, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
@@ -7422,25 +7581,27 @@ static const unsigned char changes_3_2_0_data[] = {
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 9, 9, 0,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 9, 9,
+    0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
@@ -7453,35 +7614,35 @@ static const unsigned char changes_3_2_0_data[] = {
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
@@ -7489,7 +7650,7 @@ static const unsigned char changes_3_2_0_data[] = {
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
@@ -7503,25 +7664,46 @@ static const unsigned char changes_3_2_0_data[] = {
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
@@ -7529,50 +7711,61 @@ static const unsigned char changes_3_2_0_data[] = {
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
@@ -7582,7 +7775,7 @@ static const unsigned char changes_3_2_0_data[] = {
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
@@ -7591,9 +7784,9 @@ static const unsigned char changes_3_2_0_data[] = {
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
@@ -7614,12 +7807,12 @@ static const unsigned char changes_3_2_0_data[] = {
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
@@ -7635,60 +7828,77 @@ static const unsigned char changes_3_2_0_data[] = {
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
@@ -7697,43 +7907,48 @@ static const unsigned char changes_3_2_0_data[] = {
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 57, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 57, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    57, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 57, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 58, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 57, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 58,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 57, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 57, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 58, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 57, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 58, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 57, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 57, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 58, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
@@ -7742,21 +7957,21 @@ static const unsigned char changes_3_2_0_data[] = {
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0,
-    0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
@@ -7769,12 +7984,22 @@ static const unsigned char changes_3_2_0_data[] = {
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
@@ -7783,9 +8008,9 @@ static const unsigned char changes_3_2_0_data[] = {
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
@@ -7794,9 +8019,9 @@ static const unsigned char changes_3_2_0_data[] = {
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
@@ -7804,13 +8029,13 @@ static const unsigned char changes_3_2_0_data[] = {
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
@@ -7822,15 +8047,15 @@ static const unsigned char changes_3_2_0_data[] = {
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
@@ -7838,50 +8063,50 @@ static const unsigned char changes_3_2_0_data[] = {
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 0, 9, 9, 0, 9, 0, 0, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 0, 9, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 9, 0, 9, 0, 9, 9,
-    9, 0, 9, 9, 0, 9, 0, 0, 9, 0, 9, 0, 9, 0, 9, 0, 9, 0, 9, 9, 0, 9, 0, 0,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9,
-    0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 0, 9, 0, 0, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 0, 9, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 9, 0, 9, 0, 9,
+    9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 0, 9, 0, 0, 9, 0, 9, 0, 9, 0, 9, 0, 9, 0, 9, 9, 0, 9, 0,
+    0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0,
+    9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
@@ -7890,68 +8115,68 @@ static const unsigned char changes_3_2_0_data[] = {
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0,
-    0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0,
+    0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0,
-    0, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0,
-    0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
@@ -7965,9 +8190,9 @@ static const unsigned char changes_3_2_0_data[] = {
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
@@ -7983,7 +8208,7 @@ static const unsigned char changes_3_2_0_data[] = {
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
@@ -7994,12 +8219,12 @@ static const unsigned char changes_3_2_0_data[] = {
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
@@ -8013,7 +8238,7 @@ static const unsigned char changes_3_2_0_data[] = {
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
@@ -8029,11 +8254,11 @@ static const unsigned char changes_3_2_0_data[] = {
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
@@ -8042,7 +8267,7 @@ static const unsigned char changes_3_2_0_data[] = {
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
@@ -8058,8 +8283,8 @@ static const unsigned char changes_3_2_0_data[] = {
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
@@ -8072,11 +8297,11 @@ static const unsigned char changes_3_2_0_data[] = {
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
@@ -8091,10 +8316,10 @@ static const unsigned char changes_3_2_0_data[] = {
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
@@ -8104,8 +8329,8 @@ static const unsigned char changes_3_2_0_data[] = {
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
-    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
 };
 
 static const change_record* get_change_3_2_0(Py_UCS4 n)
diff --git a/Modules/unicodename_db.h b/Modules/unicodename_db.h
index 4fe60ad5ed4452..0697e259b39019 100644
--- a/Modules/unicodename_db.h
+++ b/Modules/unicodename_db.h
@@ -1,8936 +1,9227 @@
-/* this file was generated by ./Tools/unicode/makeunicodedata.py 3.3 */
+/* this file was generated by Tools/unicode/makeunicodedata.py 3.3 */
 
 #define NAME_MAXLEN 256
 
 /* name->code dictionary */
 static const unsigned char packed_name_dawg[] = {
-    228, 174, 4, 250, 2, 65, 206, 254, 2, 66, 222, 254, 2, 67, 198, 245, 4,
-    68, 222, 134, 1, 69, 250, 151, 1, 70, 206, 52, 71, 186, 154, 1, 72, 242,
-    223, 1, 73, 146, 65, 74, 138, 23, 75, 230, 134, 1, 76, 146, 130, 3, 77,
-    162, 200, 3, 78, 162, 107, 79, 226, 124, 80, 128, 159, 1, 2, 81, 85, 194,
-    7, 82, 182, 169, 1, 83, 166, 175, 4, 84, 170, 203, 2, 85, 222, 90, 86,
-    182, 80, 87, 182, 111, 88, 254, 4, 89, 179, 48, 90, 182, 40, 222, 2, 67,
-    238, 1, 68, 182, 10, 69, 172, 5, 4, 72, 79, 77, 32, 244, 6, 7, 73, 82,
-    80, 76, 65, 78, 69, 82, 76, 210, 32, 77, 198, 1, 78, 142, 26, 80, 142,
-    20, 82, 158, 136, 2, 83, 210, 2, 84, 70, 85, 214, 1, 86, 172, 213, 11, 4,
-    70, 71, 72, 65, 206, 192, 9, 66, 220, 219, 2, 9, 75, 84, 73, 69, 83, 69,
-    76, 83, 75, 164, 187, 2, 2, 81, 85, 199, 135, 10, 88, 18, 132, 1, 2, 67,
-    79, 46, 75, 20, 5, 85, 84, 69, 32, 65, 140, 230, 16, 6, 84, 73, 86, 65,
-    84, 69, 225, 150, 22, 5, 32, 67, 85, 82, 82, 4, 162, 185, 25, 85, 237,
-    182, 13, 2, 82, 68, 5, 147, 175, 33, 78, 4, 178, 207, 34, 67, 167, 207,
-    3, 78, 188, 1, 232, 1, 4, 76, 65, 77, 32, 242, 7, 77, 216, 141, 13, 7,
-    72, 69, 83, 73, 86, 69, 32, 168, 151, 4, 19, 68, 82, 69, 83, 83, 69, 68,
-    32, 84, 79, 32, 84, 72, 69, 32, 83, 85, 66, 74, 234, 178, 13, 85, 161,
-    186, 1, 6, 73, 32, 83, 72, 65, 75, 176, 1, 218, 1, 67, 44, 4, 83, 77, 65,
-    76, 168, 4, 7, 71, 69, 77, 73, 78, 65, 84, 116, 8, 73, 78, 73, 84, 73,
-    65, 76, 32, 38, 78, 178, 209, 2, 72, 220, 244, 22, 4, 65, 76, 73, 70, 0,
-    5, 86, 79, 87, 69, 76, 131, 130, 12, 68, 70, 40, 5, 65, 80, 73, 84, 65,
-    215, 4, 79, 68, 45, 9, 76, 32, 76, 69, 84, 84, 69, 82, 32, 68, 142, 2,
-    68, 38, 71, 34, 74, 2, 77, 22, 75, 46, 78, 42, 83, 210, 158, 29, 81, 190,
-    205, 4, 76, 130, 40, 67, 202, 154, 4, 90, 212, 7, 2, 65, 76, 170, 2, 66,
-    2, 89, 146, 1, 87, 182, 89, 84, 150, 14, 80, 158, 20, 70, 2, 72, 2, 82,
-    2, 86, 186, 2, 69, 2, 73, 2, 79, 3, 85, 4, 250, 186, 5, 65, 247, 251, 33,
-    72, 4, 174, 162, 39, 66, 215, 22, 65, 2, 171, 182, 38, 73, 6, 194, 183,
-    38, 65, 154, 98, 80, 191, 28, 72, 6, 206, 232, 38, 85, 158, 77, 72, 3,
-    89, 4, 188, 181, 2, 6, 73, 78, 78, 89, 73, 73, 135, 128, 37, 72, 4, 40,
-    4, 69, 32, 67, 79, 151, 206, 38, 73, 2, 173, 174, 38, 13, 78, 83, 79, 78,
-    65, 78, 84, 32, 77, 79, 68, 73, 70, 4, 218, 222, 32, 69, 191, 141, 4, 81,
-    4, 166, 151, 25, 65, 199, 185, 10, 85, 4, 182, 215, 26, 69, 185, 202, 11,
-    12, 73, 83, 83, 73, 79, 78, 32, 84, 73, 67, 75, 69, 116, 80, 5, 71, 69,
-    65, 78, 32, 249, 144, 33, 9, 82, 73, 65, 76, 32, 84, 82, 65, 77, 114,
-    136, 1, 3, 68, 82, 89, 0, 6, 76, 73, 81, 85, 73, 68, 60, 8, 77, 69, 65,
-    83, 85, 82, 69, 32, 26, 87, 130, 185, 26, 78, 147, 185, 11, 67, 2, 153,
-    2, 11, 32, 77, 69, 65, 83, 85, 82, 69, 32, 70, 73, 4, 246, 1, 83, 31, 84,
-    14, 100, 6, 69, 73, 71, 72, 84, 32, 241, 1, 14, 79, 82, 68, 32, 83, 69,
-    80, 65, 82, 65, 84, 79, 82, 32, 10, 54, 70, 66, 83, 30, 84, 65, 5, 66,
-    65, 83, 69, 32, 4, 38, 73, 89, 5, 79, 85, 82, 84, 72, 2, 85, 3, 82, 83,
-    84, 2, 49, 4, 69, 67, 79, 78, 2, 21, 3, 72, 73, 82, 2, 11, 68, 2, 25, 4,
-    32, 83, 85, 66, 2, 133, 148, 39, 2, 85, 78, 4, 130, 151, 38, 76, 247, 72,
-    68, 130, 1, 140, 2, 22, 67, 79, 78, 83, 79, 78, 65, 78, 84, 32, 83, 73,
-    71, 78, 32, 77, 69, 68, 73, 65, 76, 32, 88, 7, 76, 69, 84, 84, 69, 82,
-    32, 242, 1, 83, 168, 1, 11, 86, 79, 87, 69, 76, 32, 83, 73, 71, 78, 32,
-    140, 234, 31, 8, 78, 85, 77, 66, 69, 82, 32, 84, 219, 209, 5, 68, 6, 26,
-    76, 159, 171, 39, 82, 4, 132, 227, 38, 7, 73, 71, 65, 84, 73, 78, 71,
-    207, 74, 65, 68, 154, 1, 65, 210, 195, 35, 68, 46, 84, 222, 225, 1, 76,
-    246, 189, 1, 78, 126, 66, 2, 67, 2, 71, 2, 74, 2, 75, 2, 80, 254, 68, 72,
-    2, 77, 2, 82, 3, 83, 9, 45, 9, 76, 84, 69, 82, 78, 65, 84, 69, 32, 6,
-    146, 169, 39, 66, 2, 71, 3, 84, 10, 60, 4, 73, 71, 78, 32, 241, 193, 22,
-    5, 89, 77, 66, 79, 76, 8, 50, 83, 182, 130, 25, 75, 145, 233, 9, 2, 82,
-    85, 4, 148, 183, 36, 4, 77, 65, 76, 76, 207, 162, 2, 69, 22, 66, 65, 162,
-    218, 35, 85, 210, 200, 1, 73, 206, 134, 2, 69, 3, 79, 11, 186, 169, 39,
-    65, 2, 73, 2, 77, 3, 87, 7, 11, 32, 4, 252, 190, 34, 3, 68, 69, 80, 141,
-    153, 4, 5, 65, 82, 82, 73, 86, 130, 2, 232, 1, 20, 67, 72, 69, 77, 73,
-    67, 65, 76, 32, 83, 89, 77, 66, 79, 76, 32, 70, 79, 82, 32, 166, 28, 69,
-    60, 2, 76, 32, 82, 77, 108, 6, 84, 69, 82, 78, 65, 84, 208, 179, 28, 7,
-    73, 69, 78, 32, 77, 79, 78, 225, 230, 6, 3, 65, 82, 77, 232, 1, 158, 2,
-    65, 246, 2, 66, 210, 1, 67, 138, 3, 68, 98, 71, 38, 72, 132, 1, 4, 73,
-    82, 79, 78, 82, 76, 74, 77, 144, 1, 2, 78, 73, 34, 80, 176, 2, 3, 81, 85,
-    73, 74, 82, 146, 2, 83, 210, 5, 84, 166, 1, 86, 200, 1, 2, 87, 65, 214,
-    245, 33, 85, 190, 206, 1, 69, 202, 153, 1, 79, 195, 27, 70, 30, 194, 1,
-    76, 72, 3, 81, 85, 65, 204, 8, 7, 78, 84, 73, 77, 79, 78, 89, 148, 137,
-    3, 3, 77, 65, 76, 176, 222, 8, 5, 85, 82, 73, 80, 73, 188, 129, 12, 3,
-    82, 83, 69, 234, 156, 14, 83, 159, 91, 73, 8, 224, 24, 2, 69, 77, 252,
-    209, 25, 4, 75, 65, 76, 73, 179, 167, 13, 85, 10, 38, 32, 149, 139, 24,
-    3, 70, 79, 82, 8, 216, 7, 4, 86, 73, 84, 65, 225, 194, 22, 4, 82, 69, 71,
-    73, 16, 148, 1, 7, 65, 84, 72, 32, 79, 70, 32, 204, 6, 6, 73, 83, 77, 85,
-    84, 72, 144, 1, 4, 79, 82, 65, 88, 164, 1, 4, 76, 65, 67, 75, 203, 232,
-    37, 82, 4, 230, 182, 16, 77, 253, 218, 21, 5, 86, 65, 80, 79, 85, 28, 82,
-    65, 92, 6, 79, 80, 80, 69, 82, 32, 34, 82, 217, 206, 36, 4, 73, 78, 78,
-    65, 6, 216, 218, 5, 2, 68, 85, 196, 156, 32, 9, 80, 85, 84, 32, 77, 79,
-    82, 84, 85, 235, 27, 76, 4, 230, 13, 65, 179, 240, 37, 79, 16, 72, 8, 79,
-    67, 85, 83, 32, 79, 70, 32, 53, 6, 85, 67, 73, 66, 76, 69, 6, 228, 16, 5,
-    67, 79, 80, 80, 69, 219, 232, 37, 73, 11, 11, 45, 8, 138, 157, 39, 50, 2,
-    51, 2, 52, 3, 53, 8, 44, 2, 73, 83, 185, 133, 5, 3, 65, 89, 45, 6, 144,
-    2, 4, 83, 79, 76, 86, 203, 169, 36, 84, 4, 234, 182, 29, 79, 191, 212, 9,
-    85, 8, 32, 4, 65, 76, 70, 32, 47, 79, 4, 240, 191, 34, 2, 79, 85, 255,
-    161, 3, 68, 4, 132, 245, 2, 4, 82, 83, 69, 32, 183, 237, 35, 85, 6, 56,
-    3, 32, 79, 82, 73, 7, 45, 67, 79, 80, 80, 69, 82, 4, 147, 226, 25, 69, 4,
-    48, 3, 69, 65, 68, 221, 158, 13, 3, 79, 68, 69, 2, 135, 225, 34, 32, 10,
-    120, 16, 69, 82, 67, 85, 82, 89, 32, 83, 85, 66, 76, 73, 77, 65, 84, 69,
-    176, 133, 16, 4, 65, 82, 67, 65, 135, 148, 21, 79, 7, 207, 151, 39, 45,
-    4, 142, 248, 37, 84, 235, 117, 71, 14, 108, 11, 72, 73, 76, 79, 83, 79,
-    80, 72, 69, 82, 83, 34, 79, 98, 85, 181, 155, 29, 6, 82, 69, 67, 73, 80,
-    73, 2, 209, 9, 4, 32, 83, 85, 76, 6, 52, 4, 87, 68, 69, 82, 161, 145, 35,
-    3, 84, 32, 65, 5, 237, 231, 37, 5, 69, 68, 32, 66, 82, 4, 180, 143, 33,
-    4, 84, 82, 69, 70, 161, 245, 5, 3, 82, 73, 70, 4, 132, 185, 34, 5, 78,
-    84, 69, 83, 83, 249, 196, 3, 4, 67, 75, 32, 76, 24, 58, 69, 213, 220, 25,
-    8, 79, 67, 75, 32, 83, 65, 76, 84, 20, 68, 5, 71, 85, 76, 85, 83, 164, 7,
-    3, 65, 76, 71, 179, 172, 25, 84, 15, 32, 4, 32, 79, 70, 32, 71, 45, 6,
-    228, 219, 25, 8, 65, 78, 84, 73, 77, 79, 78, 89, 255, 147, 12, 73, 6,
-    170, 147, 39, 50, 2, 51, 3, 52, 34, 164, 1, 2, 65, 76, 194, 1, 84, 142,
-    1, 85, 184, 139, 17, 2, 80, 73, 200, 255, 11, 2, 73, 76, 194, 243, 8, 79,
-    133, 20, 11, 67, 69, 80, 84, 69, 82, 32, 79, 70, 32, 74, 8, 58, 84, 197,
-    234, 37, 8, 45, 65, 77, 77, 79, 78, 73, 65, 7, 25, 4, 32, 79, 70, 32, 4,
-    52, 8, 67, 79, 80, 80, 69, 82, 32, 65, 231, 5, 65, 2, 237, 149, 29, 7,
-    78, 84, 73, 77, 79, 78, 73, 6, 236, 3, 8, 65, 82, 82, 69, 68, 32, 84, 82,
-    169, 212, 25, 19, 82, 65, 84, 85, 77, 32, 83, 85, 80, 69, 82, 32, 83, 84,
+    238, 255, 4, 254, 2, 65, 218, 130, 3, 66, 130, 154, 3, 67, 174, 245, 4,
+    68, 206, 135, 1, 69, 186, 157, 1, 70, 190, 54, 71, 210, 164, 1, 72, 182,
+    225, 1, 73, 222, 65, 74, 138, 23, 75, 238, 138, 1, 76, 130, 158, 3, 77,
+    250, 200, 3, 78, 242, 107, 79, 138, 131, 1, 80, 128, 159, 1, 2, 81, 85,
+    226, 7, 82, 194, 180, 1, 83, 214, 193, 4, 84, 134, 225, 2, 85, 242, 104,
+    86, 138, 84, 87, 170, 114, 88, 254, 4, 89, 187, 48, 90, 214, 40, 222, 2,
+    67, 238, 1, 68, 182, 10, 69, 172, 5, 4, 72, 79, 77, 32, 244, 6, 7, 73,
+    82, 80, 76, 65, 78, 69, 82, 76, 146, 36, 77, 198, 1, 78, 154, 26, 80,
+    138, 20, 82, 226, 136, 2, 83, 210, 2, 84, 70, 85, 214, 1, 86, 144, 254,
+    11, 4, 70, 71, 72, 65, 186, 231, 9, 66, 180, 227, 2, 9, 75, 84, 73, 69,
+    83, 69, 76, 83, 75, 196, 198, 2, 2, 81, 85, 199, 196, 10, 88, 18, 132, 1,
+    2, 67, 79, 46, 75, 20, 5, 85, 84, 69, 32, 65, 164, 153, 17, 6, 84, 73,
+    86, 65, 84, 69, 145, 135, 23, 5, 32, 67, 85, 82, 82, 4, 170, 142, 26, 85,
+    173, 133, 14, 2, 82, 68, 5, 151, 168, 34, 78, 4, 154, 199, 35, 67, 143,
+    248, 3, 78, 188, 1, 232, 1, 4, 76, 65, 77, 32, 242, 7, 77, 212, 179, 13,
+    7, 72, 69, 83, 73, 86, 69, 32, 144, 165, 4, 19, 68, 82, 69, 83, 83, 69,
+    68, 32, 84, 79, 32, 84, 72, 69, 32, 83, 85, 66, 74, 146, 233, 13, 85,
+    237, 185, 1, 6, 73, 32, 83, 72, 65, 75, 176, 1, 218, 1, 67, 44, 4, 83,
+    77, 65, 76, 168, 4, 7, 71, 69, 77, 73, 78, 65, 84, 116, 8, 73, 78, 73,
+    84, 73, 65, 76, 32, 38, 78, 198, 213, 2, 72, 200, 197, 23, 4, 65, 76, 73,
+    70, 0, 5, 86, 79, 87, 69, 76, 211, 205, 12, 68, 70, 40, 5, 65, 80, 73,
+    84, 65, 215, 4, 79, 68, 45, 9, 76, 32, 76, 69, 84, 84, 69, 82, 32, 68,
+    142, 2, 68, 38, 71, 34, 74, 2, 77, 22, 75, 46, 78, 42, 83, 166, 133, 30,
+    81, 238, 223, 4, 76, 194, 39, 67, 194, 197, 4, 90, 212, 7, 2, 65, 76,
+    170, 2, 66, 2, 89, 154, 1, 87, 198, 89, 84, 150, 14, 80, 158, 20, 70, 2,
+    72, 2, 82, 2, 86, 186, 2, 69, 2, 73, 2, 79, 3, 85, 4, 170, 218, 5, 65,
+    155, 128, 35, 72, 4, 130, 198, 40, 66, 215, 22, 65, 2, 231, 217, 39, 73,
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-    84, 112, 196, 1, 15, 67, 79, 78, 83, 79, 78, 65, 78, 84, 32, 83, 73, 71,
-    78, 32, 28, 7, 76, 69, 84, 84, 69, 82, 32, 248, 4, 3, 80, 65, 78, 50, 83,
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-    78, 87, 72, 76, 194, 1, 77, 114, 78, 68, 2, 80, 65, 38, 83, 232, 144, 18,
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-    2, 76, 2, 82, 2, 87, 2, 89, 186, 2, 65, 2, 73, 3, 85, 10, 26, 65, 251,
-    159, 35, 66, 9, 45, 9, 78, 68, 65, 73, 76, 73, 78, 71, 32, 6, 198, 159,
-    35, 72, 2, 78, 3, 83, 10, 152, 2, 2, 79, 82, 138, 157, 35, 68, 2, 71, 2,
-    89, 187, 2, 65, 5, 189, 165, 20, 4, 75, 80, 65, 75, 24, 80, 10, 73, 77,
-    65, 76, 85, 78, 71, 85, 78, 32, 96, 2, 79, 85, 195, 159, 35, 65, 20, 230,
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-    68, 85, 32, 193, 140, 10, 6, 73, 71, 78, 32, 84, 79, 8, 78, 80, 152, 243,
-    10, 3, 74, 85, 68, 249, 166, 24, 6, 78, 65, 32, 77, 69, 84, 4, 64, 3, 65,
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-    23, 84, 254, 1, 134, 1, 65, 230, 2, 69, 50, 76, 130, 1, 78, 198, 10, 84,
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-    68, 20, 136, 1, 4, 77, 69, 68, 32, 170, 1, 82, 164, 143, 3, 10, 67, 72,
-    32, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32, 85, 77, 210, 144, 7, 84, 234, 185, 24, 86, 19,
-    78, 8, 86, 65, 0, 2, 68, 69, 52, 4, 69, 73, 71, 72, 1, 7, 83, 73, 88, 84,
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-    176, 166, 8, 3, 82, 32, 77, 183, 207, 25, 84, 13, 11, 76, 11, 38, 32,
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-    73, 84, 72, 32, 67, 187, 142, 6, 83, 208, 1, 84, 5, 71, 65, 76, 73, 32,
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-    130, 4, 86, 242, 153, 11, 68, 141, 105, 3, 71, 65, 78, 6, 190, 147, 30,
-    85, 138, 149, 1, 66, 51, 78, 12, 120, 10, 78, 85, 77, 69, 82, 65, 84, 79,
-    82, 32, 221, 212, 22, 14, 68, 69, 78, 79, 77, 73, 78, 65, 84, 79, 82, 32,
-    83, 73, 10, 52, 3, 79, 78, 69, 214, 170, 30, 70, 155, 250, 2, 84, 5, 165,
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-    68, 69, 78, 79, 108, 226, 1, 75, 90, 82, 226, 232, 20, 86, 234, 239, 7,
-    89, 150, 205, 2, 65, 38, 68, 46, 84, 230, 24, 85, 210, 200, 1, 73, 158,
-    190, 1, 78, 46, 83, 82, 66, 2, 67, 2, 71, 2, 74, 2, 80, 254, 68, 72, 2,
-    76, 2, 77, 186, 2, 69, 3, 79, 8, 26, 72, 235, 142, 35, 65, 6, 26, 65,
-    155, 208, 13, 73, 5, 157, 128, 18, 3, 78, 68, 65, 10, 34, 65, 210, 139,
-    35, 72, 3, 82, 7, 33, 6, 32, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32, 4, 244, 179, 24, 5, 76,
-    79, 87, 69, 82, 1, 6, 77, 73, 68, 68, 76, 69, 4, 202, 134, 34, 83, 179,
-    69, 77, 20, 116, 19, 69, 81, 85, 69, 78, 67, 69, 32, 70, 79, 82, 32, 76,
-    69, 84, 84, 69, 82, 32, 154, 154, 25, 65, 187, 138, 6, 73, 6, 150, 131,
-    22, 82, 147, 134, 13, 89, 4, 182, 173, 25, 32, 251, 209, 8, 79, 5, 137,
-    247, 31, 4, 32, 87, 73, 84, 4, 150, 186, 33, 87, 255, 61, 32, 194, 1,
-    180, 2, 7, 76, 69, 84, 84, 69, 82, 32, 244, 1, 7, 78, 85, 77, 66, 69, 82,
-    32, 72, 5, 83, 73, 71, 78, 32, 44, 11, 86, 79, 87, 69, 76, 32, 83, 73,
-    71, 78, 32, 250, 143, 25, 68, 130, 229, 3, 87, 136, 97, 10, 71, 65, 80,
-    32, 70, 73, 76, 76, 69, 82, 153, 229, 4, 12, 72, 85, 78, 68, 82, 69, 68,
-    83, 32, 85, 78, 73, 92, 210, 1, 86, 154, 158, 31, 65, 38, 68, 46, 84,
-    230, 24, 85, 210, 200, 1, 73, 158, 190, 1, 78, 46, 83, 82, 66, 2, 67, 2,
-    71, 2, 74, 2, 75, 2, 80, 254, 68, 72, 2, 76, 2, 77, 2, 82, 2, 89, 186, 2,
-    69, 3, 79, 8, 234, 1, 79, 255, 132, 35, 65, 36, 138, 100, 69, 38, 70, 66,
-    78, 26, 83, 250, 241, 20, 84, 183, 150, 12, 79, 10, 142, 159, 31, 65, 74,
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-    210, 200, 1, 73, 206, 134, 2, 69, 3, 79, 6, 33, 6, 67, 65, 76, 73, 67,
-    32, 6, 178, 161, 31, 82, 167, 227, 3, 76, 26, 148, 1, 4, 67, 89, 67, 76,
-    36, 2, 71, 32, 28, 2, 76, 76, 46, 82, 66, 84, 212, 216, 18, 4, 79, 72,
-    65, 90, 164, 217, 11, 2, 75, 73, 155, 128, 4, 83, 4, 210, 187, 31, 73,
-    203, 199, 3, 69, 4, 186, 240, 32, 82, 67, 83, 4, 164, 175, 9, 2, 69, 68,
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-    230, 3, 42, 65, 222, 29, 79, 249, 3, 2, 85, 69, 228, 2, 32, 2, 67, 75,
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-    240, 19, 3, 66, 79, 87, 154, 227, 1, 78, 179, 1, 81, 98, 196, 1, 5, 73,
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-    72, 73, 84, 69, 32, 68, 79, 238, 181, 18, 68, 221, 144, 2, 8, 84, 87, 79,
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-    79, 85, 66, 76, 69, 32, 84, 82, 73, 65, 78, 71, 76, 69, 5, 247, 146, 12,
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-    84, 84, 140, 3, 5, 85, 81, 85, 69, 84, 54, 87, 198, 1, 88, 210, 204, 5,
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-    34, 72, 2, 78, 2, 85, 3, 87, 15, 164, 223, 32, 2, 78, 78, 130, 248, 1,
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-    160, 2, 176, 1, 2, 68, 79, 148, 4, 6, 72, 69, 65, 86, 89, 32, 194, 2, 76,
-    156, 17, 6, 82, 73, 71, 72, 84, 32, 144, 4, 3, 85, 80, 32, 245, 3, 9, 86,
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-    28, 72, 6, 171, 22, 32, 36, 128, 1, 10, 72, 69, 65, 86, 89, 32, 65, 78,
-    68, 32, 132, 1, 10, 76, 73, 71, 72, 84, 32, 65, 78, 68, 32, 230, 29, 68,
-    131, 4, 83, 12, 76, 3, 76, 69, 70, 0, 4, 82, 73, 71, 72, 248, 26, 2, 85,
-    80, 151, 5, 72, 4, 17, 2, 84, 32, 4, 250, 23, 85, 227, 136, 34, 76, 12,
-    76, 3, 76, 69, 70, 0, 4, 82, 73, 71, 72, 176, 27, 2, 85, 80, 235, 4, 72,
-    4, 17, 2, 84, 32, 4, 218, 23, 85, 135, 9, 72, 46, 120, 4, 76, 69, 70, 84,
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-    28, 72, 199, 219, 5, 82, 5, 45, 9, 32, 65, 78, 68, 32, 76, 73, 71, 72, 2,
-    207, 250, 32, 84, 11, 29, 5, 32, 65, 78, 68, 32, 8, 42, 76, 238, 193, 28,
-    72, 199, 219, 5, 82, 4, 204, 223, 23, 4, 73, 71, 72, 84, 211, 189, 10,
-    69, 108, 56, 4, 69, 70, 84, 32, 169, 2, 5, 73, 71, 72, 84, 32, 16, 244,
-    18, 19, 68, 79, 87, 78, 32, 72, 69, 65, 86, 89, 32, 65, 78, 68, 32, 82,
-    73, 71, 72, 24, 14, 72, 69, 65, 86, 89, 32, 65, 78, 68, 32, 82, 73, 71,
-    72, 100, 14, 76, 73, 71, 72, 84, 32, 65, 78, 68, 32, 82, 73, 71, 72, 97,
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-    92, 172, 1, 4, 65, 82, 67, 32, 30, 68, 172, 9, 4, 76, 69, 70, 84, 62, 81,
-    34, 84, 112, 2, 85, 80, 122, 86, 176, 134, 34, 10, 72, 79, 82, 73, 90,
-    79, 78, 84, 65, 76, 175, 6, 82, 8, 158, 143, 17, 68, 67, 85, 48, 52, 8,
-    73, 65, 71, 79, 78, 65, 76, 32, 203, 8, 79, 36, 100, 7, 77, 73, 68, 68,
-    76, 69, 32, 216, 2, 6, 85, 80, 80, 69, 82, 32, 194, 129, 33, 67, 191, 2,
-    68, 12, 88, 8, 76, 69, 70, 84, 32, 84, 79, 32, 161, 1, 9, 82, 73, 71, 72,
-    84, 32, 84, 79, 32, 8, 136, 1, 28, 85, 80, 80, 69, 82, 32, 67, 69, 78,
-    84, 82, 69, 32, 84, 79, 32, 77, 73, 68, 68, 76, 69, 32, 82, 73, 71, 72,
-    84, 195, 3, 76, 5, 143, 132, 20, 32, 4, 232, 4, 15, 85, 80, 80, 69, 82,
-    32, 67, 69, 78, 84, 82, 69, 32, 84, 79, 175, 255, 19, 76, 20, 196, 1, 17,
-    67, 69, 78, 84, 82, 69, 32, 84, 79, 32, 77, 73, 68, 68, 76, 69, 32, 228,
-    239, 22, 7, 76, 69, 70, 84, 32, 84, 79, 193, 155, 11, 14, 82, 73, 71, 72,
-    84, 32, 84, 79, 32, 76, 79, 87, 69, 82, 16, 56, 4, 76, 69, 70, 84, 165,
-    1, 5, 82, 73, 71, 72, 84, 9, 11, 32, 6, 60, 4, 84, 79, 32, 76, 137, 128,
-    20, 5, 65, 78, 68, 32, 77, 4, 53, 11, 79, 87, 69, 82, 32, 67, 69, 78, 84,
-    82, 69, 5, 169, 198, 31, 3, 32, 84, 79, 9, 11, 32, 6, 88, 3, 65, 78, 68,
-    65, 15, 84, 79, 32, 76, 79, 87, 69, 82, 32, 67, 69, 78, 84, 82, 69, 2,
-    249, 254, 19, 11, 32, 77, 73, 68, 68, 76, 69, 32, 76, 69, 70, 5, 165,
-    187, 10, 9, 32, 84, 79, 32, 77, 73, 68, 68, 76, 12, 164, 1, 2, 85, 66,
-    241, 1, 2, 87, 78, 5, 221, 235, 32, 10, 32, 65, 78, 68, 32, 72, 69, 65,
-    86, 89, 4, 49, 5, 85, 65, 68, 82, 85, 4, 17, 2, 82, 73, 4, 11, 80, 4, 41,
-    8, 76, 69, 32, 68, 65, 83, 72, 32, 4, 230, 130, 16, 86, 207, 175, 12, 72,
-    11, 29, 5, 32, 65, 78, 68, 32, 8, 34, 72, 246, 140, 34, 76, 31, 82, 4,
-    172, 207, 23, 4, 69, 65, 86, 89, 171, 226, 4, 79, 8, 37, 7, 69, 82, 84,
-    73, 67, 65, 76, 9, 11, 32, 6, 25, 4, 65, 78, 68, 32, 6, 198, 176, 28, 72,
-    170, 219, 5, 76, 31, 82, 16, 148, 2, 18, 68, 79, 87, 78, 32, 72, 69, 65,
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-    251, 228, 6, 66, 10, 174, 193, 29, 83, 146, 1, 50, 2, 66, 2, 77, 3, 82,
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-    2, 11, 65, 2, 11, 83, 2, 207, 221, 22, 72, 2, 131, 251, 10, 71, 106, 46,
-    65, 250, 1, 69, 242, 2, 73, 239, 3, 85, 29, 50, 51, 182, 1, 54, 182, 215,
-    22, 66, 223, 3, 82, 19, 37, 7, 32, 84, 73, 77, 69, 83, 32, 16, 90, 85,
-    146, 25, 83, 194, 231, 25, 71, 130, 198, 2, 84, 166, 50, 66, 206, 47, 78,
-    215, 22, 65, 5, 11, 32, 2, 129, 171, 25, 4, 80, 76, 85, 83, 5, 175, 45,
-    32, 27, 62, 32, 140, 2, 2, 83, 72, 226, 232, 25, 71, 171, 211, 3, 78, 14,
-    84, 8, 79, 86, 69, 82, 32, 83, 72, 69, 88, 5, 80, 76, 85, 83, 32, 255,
-    151, 29, 72, 7, 11, 32, 4, 190, 15, 71, 141, 6, 12, 84, 65, 66, 32, 79,
-    86, 69, 82, 32, 84, 65, 66, 6, 48, 2, 72, 85, 20, 2, 78, 65, 247, 153,
-    28, 83, 2, 219, 216, 22, 66, 2, 199, 216, 22, 77, 7, 202, 130, 28, 76,
-    191, 185, 1, 50, 40, 62, 68, 74, 77, 218, 1, 82, 182, 178, 25, 78, 155,
-    132, 4, 84, 7, 37, 7, 32, 84, 73, 77, 69, 83, 32, 4, 162, 170, 29, 73,
-    219, 16, 65, 25, 37, 7, 32, 84, 73, 77, 69, 83, 32, 22, 114, 66, 38, 73,
-    130, 19, 75, 198, 181, 2, 77, 190, 198, 2, 76, 246, 135, 23, 71, 130, 25,
-    83, 238, 9, 68, 191, 127, 65, 4, 218, 200, 2, 85, 203, 231, 25, 65, 4,
-    249, 20, 2, 71, 73, 7, 11, 32, 4, 60, 9, 79, 86, 69, 82, 32, 83, 72, 73,
-    82, 211, 230, 24, 84, 2, 241, 191, 28, 11, 32, 66, 85, 82, 32, 79, 86,
-    69, 82, 32, 66, 13, 88, 14, 32, 79, 86, 69, 82, 32, 73, 78, 86, 69, 82,
-    84, 69, 68, 34, 50, 187, 190, 28, 66, 2, 11, 32, 2, 167, 245, 24, 83, 7,
-    33, 6, 32, 80, 76, 85, 83, 32, 4, 88, 7, 69, 50, 32, 84, 73, 77, 69, 173,
-    234, 10, 9, 68, 85, 71, 32, 84, 73, 77, 69, 83, 2, 235, 207, 12, 83, 17,
-    50, 32, 30, 71, 230, 234, 10, 76, 227, 230, 11, 75, 4, 138, 8, 84, 163,
-    9, 71, 7, 11, 52, 5, 49, 10, 32, 79, 86, 69, 82, 32, 83, 73, 71, 52, 2,
-    199, 14, 32, 19, 78, 68, 22, 77, 22, 82, 252, 164, 12, 5, 32, 79, 86, 69,
-    82, 147, 150, 16, 72, 5, 247, 179, 29, 50, 5, 199, 206, 27, 65, 5, 207,
-    179, 29, 57, 72, 46, 65, 150, 4, 73, 250, 1, 85, 227, 8, 69, 37, 66, 32,
-    94, 66, 166, 1, 71, 148, 1, 2, 75, 52, 183, 175, 29, 82, 8, 60, 6, 84,
-    73, 77, 69, 83, 32, 130, 14, 71, 207, 147, 27, 65, 4, 174, 158, 29, 72,
-    3, 77, 7, 11, 32, 4, 188, 143, 17, 29, 79, 86, 69, 82, 32, 84, 65, 66,
-    32, 78, 73, 32, 79, 86, 69, 82, 32, 78, 73, 32, 68, 73, 83, 72, 32, 79,
-    86, 69, 82, 175, 169, 5, 83, 15, 37, 7, 32, 84, 73, 77, 69, 83, 32, 12,
-    74, 84, 252, 233, 7, 2, 83, 72, 154, 155, 20, 71, 174, 100, 85, 191, 50,
-    66, 2, 11, 85, 2, 243, 203, 22, 71, 5, 29, 5, 32, 80, 76, 85, 83, 2, 145,
-    201, 27, 2, 32, 83, 17, 46, 82, 150, 29, 32, 182, 145, 29, 50, 3, 76, 9,
-    11, 32, 6, 48, 8, 79, 86, 69, 82, 32, 84, 73, 82, 99, 84, 5, 11, 32, 2,
-    11, 71, 2, 21, 3, 65, 68, 32, 2, 241, 5, 8, 79, 86, 69, 82, 32, 71, 65,
-    68, 2, 217, 21, 6, 73, 77, 69, 83, 32, 84, 17, 50, 77, 114, 82, 138, 200,
-    22, 71, 215, 227, 6, 75, 7, 37, 7, 32, 84, 73, 77, 69, 83, 32, 4, 46, 71,
-    213, 137, 17, 5, 84, 72, 82, 69, 69, 2, 221, 16, 2, 65, 78, 5, 137, 221,
-    10, 17, 32, 79, 86, 69, 82, 32, 84, 85, 82, 32, 90, 65, 32, 79, 86, 69,
-    82, 179, 1, 138, 1, 32, 246, 2, 68, 226, 2, 78, 46, 77, 158, 2, 82, 128,
-    9, 2, 83, 72, 174, 1, 90, 192, 133, 12, 2, 84, 85, 238, 145, 17, 50, 3,
-    66, 12, 64, 7, 79, 86, 69, 82, 32, 85, 32, 158, 2, 85, 215, 252, 27, 71,
-    6, 200, 1, 10, 80, 65, 32, 79, 86, 69, 82, 32, 80, 65, 168, 247, 8, 19,
-    85, 32, 82, 69, 86, 69, 82, 83, 69, 68, 32, 79, 86, 69, 82, 32, 85, 32,
-    82, 249, 183, 19, 10, 83, 85, 82, 32, 79, 86, 69, 82, 32, 83, 2, 11, 32,
-    2, 45, 9, 71, 65, 82, 32, 79, 86, 69, 82, 32, 2, 255, 132, 28, 71, 5,
-    171, 130, 29, 32, 21, 26, 32, 147, 166, 29, 85, 16, 70, 75, 44, 2, 83,
-    72, 100, 6, 84, 73, 77, 69, 83, 32, 135, 1, 71, 2, 11, 85, 2, 11, 83, 2,
-    151, 217, 10, 72, 4, 29, 5, 69, 83, 72, 73, 71, 5, 11, 32, 2, 11, 84, 2,
-    149, 223, 28, 6, 73, 77, 69, 83, 32, 66, 8, 92, 14, 85, 32, 80, 76, 85,
-    83, 32, 85, 32, 80, 76, 85, 83, 32, 142, 222, 28, 66, 203, 50, 77, 4, 11,
-    85, 5, 11, 32, 2, 11, 71, 2, 147, 255, 28, 85, 21, 72, 7, 32, 84, 73, 77,
-    69, 83, 32, 136, 1, 2, 85, 77, 231, 162, 28, 66, 10, 50, 76, 16, 2, 77,
-    69, 50, 83, 183, 162, 29, 85, 2, 231, 6, 65, 5, 11, 32, 2, 177, 153, 25,
-    4, 80, 76, 85, 83, 2, 255, 215, 10, 72, 7, 37, 7, 32, 84, 73, 77, 69, 83,
-    32, 4, 158, 11, 75, 163, 148, 29, 80, 93, 54, 32, 102, 50, 194, 2, 73,
-    22, 85, 235, 157, 29, 52, 4, 62, 83, 157, 168, 28, 9, 67, 82, 79, 83, 83,
-    73, 78, 71, 32, 2, 141, 154, 25, 4, 72, 69, 83, 72, 23, 11, 32, 20, 42,
-    73, 37, 6, 84, 73, 77, 69, 83, 32, 2, 165, 168, 23, 4, 78, 86, 69, 82,
-    18, 46, 65, 82, 85, 202, 158, 28, 78, 227, 125, 72, 6, 48, 6, 32, 80, 76,
-    85, 83, 32, 255, 158, 29, 76, 4, 194, 156, 29, 72, 3, 78, 8, 26, 50, 199,
-    158, 29, 68, 7, 33, 6, 32, 80, 76, 85, 83, 32, 4, 130, 185, 27, 65, 199,
-    209, 1, 66, 5, 251, 157, 29, 51, 59, 56, 7, 32, 84, 73, 77, 69, 83, 32,
-    165, 4, 2, 68, 65, 52, 134, 1, 65, 46, 68, 38, 71, 82, 73, 46, 76, 78,
-    83, 46, 85, 186, 247, 27, 66, 238, 34, 77, 214, 90, 84, 146, 17, 75, 162,
-    17, 72, 3, 80, 5, 11, 83, 2, 11, 72, 2, 207, 194, 16, 71, 4, 186, 208,
-    10, 65, 235, 251, 17, 85, 10, 26, 65, 187, 155, 29, 85, 9, 34, 78, 150,
-    155, 29, 76, 3, 82, 2, 211, 9, 50, 6, 170, 135, 29, 71, 202, 18, 83, 147,
-    1, 77, 6, 46, 85, 229, 178, 22, 5, 65, 75, 45, 54, 54, 4, 166, 154, 29,
-    51, 3, 77, 4, 144, 181, 22, 2, 73, 71, 167, 206, 6, 72, 6, 42, 32, 186,
-    187, 13, 82, 255, 221, 15, 68, 2, 241, 238, 27, 6, 80, 76, 85, 83, 32,
-    71, 5, 11, 32, 2, 213, 159, 13, 4, 84, 73, 77, 69, 17, 84, 7, 32, 84, 73,
-    77, 69, 83, 32, 244, 139, 28, 2, 85, 77, 142, 140, 1, 50, 3, 88, 8, 50,
-    84, 168, 180, 25, 2, 75, 85, 167, 227, 3, 65, 2, 11, 65, 2, 199, 178, 22,
-    75, 6, 26, 51, 147, 151, 29, 85, 5, 29, 5, 32, 84, 73, 77, 69, 2, 21, 3,
-    83, 32, 75, 2, 11, 65, 2, 251, 220, 22, 83, 42, 50, 65, 190, 1, 73, 146,
-    1, 85, 231, 175, 22, 69, 13, 50, 32, 198, 137, 28, 77, 142, 140, 1, 55,
-    3, 71, 4, 56, 8, 83, 81, 85, 65, 82, 69, 68, 32, 175, 195, 24, 84, 2, 11,
-    84, 2, 21, 3, 73, 77, 69, 2, 11, 83, 2, 157, 156, 28, 2, 32, 75, 15, 86,
-    66, 132, 152, 22, 6, 32, 79, 86, 69, 82, 32, 154, 24, 90, 214, 227, 6,
-    51, 3, 71, 5, 17, 2, 32, 75, 2, 17, 2, 65, 66, 2, 135, 2, 65, 15, 84, 10,
-    32, 79, 86, 69, 82, 32, 90, 85, 32, 80, 42, 53, 246, 153, 28, 66, 199,
-    120, 77, 2, 181, 240, 27, 5, 76, 85, 83, 32, 83, 7, 37, 7, 32, 84, 73,
-    77, 69, 83, 32, 4, 44, 5, 84, 72, 82, 69, 69, 227, 145, 29, 65, 2, 29, 5,
-    32, 68, 73, 83, 72, 2, 11, 32, 2, 203, 191, 24, 84, 8, 42, 32, 194, 150,
-    22, 73, 187, 180, 3, 67, 4, 202, 212, 21, 79, 141, 190, 6, 8, 87, 73, 84,
-    72, 32, 83, 84, 82, 18, 134, 1, 76, 154, 1, 82, 189, 202, 28, 23, 86, 69,
-    68, 32, 83, 84, 69, 77, 32, 80, 65, 82, 65, 71, 82, 65, 80, 72, 32, 83,
-    73, 71, 78, 10, 48, 2, 89, 32, 253, 147, 3, 4, 73, 78, 71, 32, 8, 60, 2,
-    76, 79, 177, 128, 6, 7, 66, 82, 65, 67, 75, 69, 84, 6, 210, 226, 25, 71,
-    215, 171, 3, 79, 6, 52, 5, 69, 78, 67, 89, 32, 53, 4, 89, 32, 65, 78, 4,
-    248, 158, 24, 4, 69, 88, 67, 72, 143, 232, 3, 83, 2, 133, 160, 19, 3, 68,
-    32, 82, 4, 174, 246, 27, 65, 133, 89, 2, 79, 77, 236, 8, 128, 1, 2, 80,
-    82, 140, 9, 7, 82, 73, 76, 76, 73, 67, 32, 244, 134, 25, 7, 76, 73, 78,
-    68, 82, 73, 67, 173, 210, 2, 2, 67, 76, 180, 2, 140, 1, 13, 73, 79, 84,
-    32, 83, 89, 76, 76, 65, 66, 76, 69, 32, 169, 1, 16, 79, 45, 77, 73, 78,
-    79, 65, 78, 32, 83, 73, 71, 78, 32, 67, 77, 110, 254, 156, 7, 75, 2, 76,
-    2, 77, 2, 78, 2, 80, 2, 82, 2, 83, 2, 84, 126, 87, 254, 41, 74, 2, 90,
-    194, 206, 6, 88, 138, 244, 14, 65, 2, 69, 2, 73, 2, 79, 3, 85, 198, 1,
-    46, 48, 146, 5, 49, 141, 212, 23, 2, 51, 48, 170, 1, 102, 48, 78, 49, 74,
-    50, 78, 51, 78, 52, 62, 53, 86, 55, 190, 140, 10, 57, 190, 3, 54, 179,
-    234, 13, 56, 16, 246, 135, 29, 49, 2, 50, 2, 52, 2, 53, 2, 54, 2, 55, 2,
-    56, 3, 57, 16, 194, 3, 50, 234, 131, 29, 48, 2, 49, 2, 51, 2, 53, 2, 55,
-    3, 57, 16, 226, 134, 29, 49, 2, 51, 2, 52, 2, 53, 2, 54, 2, 55, 2, 56, 3,
-    57, 16, 150, 134, 29, 48, 2, 51, 2, 52, 2, 53, 2, 54, 2, 55, 2, 56, 3,
-    57, 12, 202, 133, 29, 48, 2, 49, 2, 52, 2, 54, 2, 55, 3, 57, 18, 142,
-    133, 29, 48, 2, 49, 2, 50, 2, 51, 2, 52, 2, 53, 2, 54, 2, 56, 3, 57, 20,
-    82, 53, 234, 131, 29, 48, 2, 49, 2, 50, 2, 51, 2, 52, 2, 54, 2, 56, 3,
-    57, 5, 231, 131, 29, 66, 24, 18, 48, 87, 49, 18, 190, 131, 29, 48, 2, 49,
-    2, 50, 2, 51, 2, 52, 2, 53, 2, 55, 2, 56, 3, 57, 6, 234, 130, 29, 48, 2,
-    50, 3, 52, 180, 6, 140, 1, 9, 67, 65, 80, 73, 84, 65, 76, 32, 76, 194, 4,
-    75, 32, 7, 76, 69, 84, 84, 69, 82, 32, 132, 1, 3, 80, 65, 89, 30, 83,
-    203, 41, 84, 240, 2, 44, 6, 69, 84, 84, 69, 82, 32, 159, 43, 73, 234, 2,
-    150, 2, 76, 46, 78, 34, 80, 34, 82, 58, 84, 54, 85, 190, 5, 65, 214, 1,
-    66, 242, 1, 67, 150, 1, 68, 254, 1, 69, 206, 2, 71, 130, 1, 72, 134, 1,
-    73, 230, 3, 75, 226, 3, 77, 218, 1, 79, 226, 2, 83, 210, 7, 89, 166, 1,
-    90, 230, 178, 28, 70, 134, 14, 74, 2, 86, 2, 87, 159, 20, 81, 6, 214, 25,
-    73, 186, 206, 28, 74, 159, 20, 72, 4, 254, 26, 69, 231, 204, 28, 74, 8,
-    246, 33, 69, 203, 200, 28, 83, 12, 212, 9, 3, 79, 85, 78, 226, 18, 69,
-    139, 223, 28, 72, 18, 158, 33, 69, 106, 83, 174, 174, 28, 67, 187, 22,
-    87, 13, 190, 34, 32, 115, 75, 2, 137, 244, 28, 3, 65, 86, 89, 6, 248, 10,
-    5, 77, 85, 76, 84, 73, 156, 205, 12, 2, 80, 65, 229, 195, 11, 14, 83, 77,
-    65, 76, 76, 32, 67, 65, 80, 73, 84, 65, 76, 32, 2, 237, 209, 28, 2, 69,
-    82, 184, 3, 136, 1, 6, 77, 65, 76, 76, 32, 76, 193, 37, 22, 85, 66, 83,
-    67, 82, 73, 80, 84, 32, 83, 77, 65, 76, 76, 32, 76, 69, 84, 84, 69, 82,
-    32, 132, 3, 44, 6, 69, 84, 84, 69, 82, 32, 143, 36, 73, 254, 2, 154, 2,
-    65, 214, 1, 66, 242, 1, 67, 150, 1, 68, 254, 1, 69, 206, 2, 71, 130, 1,
-    72, 134, 1, 73, 230, 3, 75, 222, 2, 76, 134, 1, 77, 114, 78, 106, 79,
-    110, 80, 50, 82, 198, 1, 83, 218, 2, 84, 210, 2, 85, 246, 1, 87, 54, 89,
-    166, 1, 90, 230, 178, 28, 70, 134, 14, 74, 2, 86, 159, 20, 81, 17, 108,
-    6, 32, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32, 36, 9, 66, 75, 72, 65, 83, 73, 65, 78, 32,
-    229, 228, 11, 4, 76, 69, 85, 84, 4, 138, 154, 9, 68, 151, 170, 3, 66, 8,
-    128, 209, 12, 3, 67, 72, 69, 250, 189, 6, 68, 139, 229, 9, 72, 18, 110,
-    65, 78, 73, 32, 3, 82, 79, 65, 128, 146, 3, 6, 76, 69, 78, 68, 69, 68,
-    178, 187, 9, 89, 243, 166, 16, 69, 6, 200, 21, 6, 82, 82, 69, 68, 32, 79,
-    233, 205, 11, 5, 83, 72, 75, 73, 82, 4, 230, 2, 78, 187, 143, 3, 71, 2,
-    179, 133, 10, 68, 14, 76, 2, 72, 69, 246, 9, 76, 164, 222, 12, 4, 82, 79,
-    83, 83, 155, 222, 15, 67, 9, 33, 6, 32, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32, 6, 142, 29,
-    68, 195, 165, 28, 86, 26, 96, 2, 74, 69, 20, 6, 79, 85, 66, 76, 69, 32,
-    66, 90, 182, 196, 28, 67, 186, 22, 87, 215, 22, 69, 5, 239, 151, 22, 82,
-    4, 36, 3, 77, 79, 78, 219, 241, 28, 79, 2, 153, 13, 2, 79, 67, 12, 46,
-    69, 138, 241, 27, 90, 182, 105, 72, 3, 87, 5, 155, 210, 28, 76, 41, 86,
-    76, 98, 78, 110, 82, 166, 15, 32, 254, 185, 12, 83, 250, 247, 13, 77,
-    195, 173, 2, 70, 11, 33, 6, 32, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32, 8, 158, 20, 77, 222,
-    182, 12, 68, 134, 248, 13, 84, 163, 92, 72, 13, 33, 6, 32, 87, 73, 84,
-    72, 32, 10, 190, 19, 77, 222, 182, 12, 68, 202, 52, 76, 190, 195, 13, 84,
-    163, 92, 72, 5, 229, 191, 27, 5, 32, 87, 73, 84, 72, 14, 32, 2, 72, 69,
-    187, 215, 28, 74, 13, 33, 6, 32, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32, 10, 134, 18, 77,
-    146, 15, 85, 206, 167, 12, 68, 143, 31, 83, 12, 26, 65, 195, 214, 28, 87,
-    11, 48, 6, 32, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32, 143, 135, 27, 82, 6, 218, 199, 12, 68,
-    166, 212, 14, 72, 231, 160, 1, 83, 35, 84, 6, 32, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32, 50,
-    69, 74, 79, 201, 1, 6, 90, 72, 73, 84, 83, 65, 6, 254, 142, 9, 68, 214,
-    10, 71, 239, 184, 3, 77, 7, 33, 6, 32, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32, 4, 254, 152,
-    9, 71, 195, 159, 3, 66, 17, 11, 84, 14, 48, 6, 73, 70, 73, 69, 68, 32,
-    159, 234, 28, 65, 12, 80, 2, 67, 76, 38, 76, 214, 134, 3, 66, 130, 207,
-    24, 89, 210, 147, 1, 65, 3, 69, 2, 33, 6, 79, 83, 69, 68, 32, 76, 2, 151,
-    4, 73, 5, 145, 212, 12, 14, 32, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32, 68, 79, 85, 66, 76,
-    69, 32, 71, 34, 102, 65, 98, 79, 244, 185, 28, 11, 72, 65, 75, 65, 83,
-    83, 73, 65, 78, 32, 67, 186, 22, 74, 255, 2, 83, 11, 33, 6, 32, 87, 73,
-    84, 72, 32, 8, 182, 194, 12, 68, 166, 212, 14, 72, 154, 160, 1, 86, 79,
-    83, 18, 36, 3, 77, 73, 32, 251, 193, 25, 80, 16, 58, 68, 198, 236, 11,
-    76, 2, 78, 2, 83, 2, 84, 3, 90, 6, 194, 236, 11, 90, 134, 227, 16, 74,
-    215, 22, 69, 8, 94, 73, 236, 154, 10, 10, 79, 78, 71, 45, 76, 69, 71, 71,
-    69, 68, 206, 179, 18, 74, 159, 20, 72, 2, 233, 130, 3, 4, 84, 84, 76, 69,
-    4, 21, 3, 79, 78, 79, 4, 18, 67, 39, 71, 2, 205, 188, 18, 4, 85, 76, 65,
-    82, 2, 237, 10, 4, 82, 65, 80, 72, 6, 62, 69, 204, 187, 18, 5, 65, 82,
-    82, 79, 87, 155, 145, 10, 74, 2, 249, 192, 12, 5, 85, 84, 82, 65, 76, 11,
-    52, 4, 77, 69, 71, 65, 166, 3, 32, 183, 223, 28, 84, 5, 233, 185, 28, 8,
-    32, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32, 84, 73, 10, 130, 6, 69, 230, 183, 12, 65, 231,
-    144, 16, 83, 14, 50, 69, 100, 4, 79, 85, 78, 68, 167, 222, 28, 72, 8, 37,
-    7, 86, 69, 82, 83, 69, 68, 32, 8, 214, 249, 18, 68, 206, 222, 8, 84, 142,
-    100, 89, 151, 14, 90, 4, 250, 241, 9, 32, 241, 237, 1, 2, 69, 68, 34,
-    108, 4, 67, 72, 87, 65, 34, 72, 132, 1, 4, 79, 70, 84, 32, 170, 186, 12,
-    84, 213, 1, 5, 69, 77, 73, 83, 79, 5, 11, 32, 2, 183, 218, 5, 87, 16, 92,
-    4, 79, 82, 84, 32, 136, 185, 12, 2, 72, 65, 254, 173, 14, 67, 234, 224,
-    1, 87, 215, 22, 65, 6, 254, 176, 26, 73, 195, 173, 2, 85, 8, 38, 69, 166,
-    215, 27, 83, 255, 111, 68, 4, 242, 221, 28, 76, 3, 77, 26, 132, 1, 4, 65,
-    76, 76, 32, 50, 69, 106, 83, 212, 211, 11, 11, 72, 82, 69, 69, 45, 76,
-    69, 71, 71, 69, 68, 218, 218, 16, 67, 187, 22, 87, 6, 178, 179, 12, 72,
-    206, 149, 15, 89, 255, 124, 84, 7, 33, 6, 32, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32, 4, 26,
-    77, 223, 182, 12, 68, 2, 185, 169, 21, 5, 73, 68, 68, 76, 69, 8, 226,
-    196, 28, 72, 2, 83, 2, 87, 215, 22, 69, 15, 58, 32, 114, 75, 53, 8, 78,
-    66, 76, 69, 78, 68, 69, 68, 6, 29, 5, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32, 6, 26, 68, 255,
-    192, 12, 77, 4, 172, 255, 8, 5, 79, 85, 66, 76, 69, 187, 8, 73, 5, 11,
-    82, 2, 213, 4, 6, 65, 73, 78, 73, 65, 78, 2, 159, 144, 24, 32, 4, 176,
-    197, 27, 4, 73, 68, 69, 32, 227, 147, 1, 69, 18, 62, 65, 28, 3, 69, 82,
-    85, 134, 216, 28, 73, 2, 78, 3, 85, 7, 158, 216, 28, 69, 3, 84, 7, 33, 6,
-    32, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32, 4, 138, 251, 8, 68, 131, 186, 3, 66, 18, 18, 69,
-    71, 72, 9, 156, 1, 7, 32, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32, 68, 173, 211, 28, 2, 77,
-    76, 10, 26, 69, 247, 191, 28, 87, 9, 33, 6, 32, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32, 6,
-    26, 68, 203, 163, 12, 66, 4, 222, 131, 9, 73, 179, 173, 3, 69, 6, 37, 7,
-    71, 65, 84, 85, 82, 69, 32, 6, 66, 65, 176, 140, 15, 2, 84, 69, 189, 155,
-    13, 4, 69, 78, 32, 71, 2, 199, 185, 28, 32, 52, 198, 1, 66, 38, 68, 38,
-    69, 36, 3, 71, 72, 69, 38, 72, 246, 188, 21, 89, 222, 157, 5, 83, 202,
-    110, 84, 238, 8, 90, 246, 63, 73, 138, 19, 67, 186, 22, 80, 2, 86, 158,
-    20, 75, 186, 2, 65, 2, 79, 3, 85, 4, 170, 172, 12, 89, 243, 166, 16, 69,
-    6, 238, 210, 27, 90, 139, 128, 1, 69, 6, 210, 210, 28, 70, 2, 76, 3, 83,
-    5, 201, 5, 5, 32, 87, 73, 84, 72, 4, 11, 65, 5, 171, 236, 26, 82, 2, 209,
-    188, 15, 4, 72, 79, 85, 83, 184, 15, 178, 1, 65, 138, 4, 67, 54, 69, 198,
-    35, 73, 250, 22, 79, 142, 44, 82, 174, 3, 85, 180, 180, 12, 13, 78, 65,
-    32, 68, 79, 85, 66, 76, 69, 32, 72, 69, 76, 154, 231, 14, 86, 195, 47,
-    76, 30, 116, 4, 71, 71, 69, 82, 146, 1, 78, 32, 4, 82, 75, 32, 83, 36, 2,
-    83, 72, 200, 177, 21, 2, 76, 69, 155, 133, 1, 84, 9, 11, 32, 6, 44, 5,
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-    55, 174, 193, 5, 48, 2, 49, 2, 50, 2, 51, 2, 53, 2, 54, 2, 56, 3, 57, 24,
-    210, 17, 54, 190, 250, 26, 48, 2, 49, 2, 50, 2, 51, 2, 52, 2, 53, 2, 55,
-    2, 56, 3, 57, 22, 130, 202, 21, 53, 174, 193, 5, 48, 2, 49, 2, 50, 2, 51,
-    2, 52, 2, 54, 2, 55, 2, 56, 3, 57, 90, 34, 48, 249, 12, 3, 65, 76, 76,
-    88, 42, 48, 94, 49, 102, 51, 171, 254, 21, 50, 26, 206, 200, 21, 51, 2,
-    55, 2, 56, 2, 57, 174, 193, 5, 49, 2, 50, 2, 52, 2, 53, 3, 54, 24, 242,
-    199, 21, 49, 2, 54, 174, 193, 5, 48, 2, 50, 2, 51, 2, 52, 2, 53, 2, 55,
-    2, 56, 3, 57, 18, 142, 199, 21, 50, 2, 51, 174, 193, 5, 48, 2, 49, 2, 52,
-    2, 53, 3, 54, 94, 50, 48, 90, 50, 102, 51, 102, 52, 139, 251, 21, 49, 22,
-    254, 12, 54, 190, 250, 26, 49, 2, 50, 2, 51, 2, 52, 2, 53, 2, 55, 2, 56,
-    3, 57, 24, 182, 197, 21, 51, 2, 57, 174, 193, 5, 48, 2, 49, 2, 50, 2, 52,
-    2, 53, 2, 54, 2, 55, 3, 56, 22, 210, 196, 21, 50, 174, 193, 5, 48, 2, 49,
-    2, 51, 2, 52, 2, 53, 2, 54, 2, 55, 2, 56, 3, 57, 6, 154, 133, 27, 48, 2,
-    49, 3, 50, 158, 1, 42, 48, 185, 4, 5, 69, 82, 84, 73, 67, 156, 1, 62, 48,
-    98, 49, 98, 50, 210, 1, 51, 201, 191, 21, 2, 52, 48, 42, 198, 9, 55, 98,
-    49, 178, 184, 21, 50, 174, 193, 5, 51, 2, 52, 2, 53, 2, 54, 2, 56, 3, 57,
-    32, 186, 8, 49, 46, 50, 190, 250, 26, 48, 2, 51, 2, 52, 2, 53, 2, 54, 2,
-    55, 2, 56, 3, 57, 50, 98, 48, 182, 192, 21, 51, 2, 56, 2, 57, 174, 193,
-    5, 49, 2, 50, 2, 52, 2, 53, 2, 54, 3, 55, 27, 222, 129, 27, 65, 2, 66, 2,
-    67, 2, 68, 2, 69, 2, 70, 2, 71, 2, 72, 2, 73, 2, 74, 2, 75, 3, 76, 28,
-    198, 191, 21, 48, 2, 49, 2, 51, 2, 55, 174, 193, 5, 50, 2, 52, 2, 53, 2,
-    54, 2, 56, 3, 57, 2, 169, 134, 23, 2, 65, 76, 66, 34, 48, 161, 2, 3, 73,
-    68, 69, 64, 26, 48, 94, 49, 103, 50, 22, 134, 190, 21, 51, 2, 57, 174,
-    193, 5, 49, 2, 50, 2, 52, 2, 53, 2, 54, 2, 55, 3, 56, 28, 170, 189, 21,
-    48, 2, 52, 2, 55, 2, 56, 174, 193, 5, 49, 2, 50, 2, 51, 2, 53, 2, 54, 3,
-    57, 14, 198, 188, 21, 52, 174, 193, 5, 48, 2, 49, 2, 50, 2, 51, 3, 53, 2,
-    17, 2, 32, 76, 2, 211, 250, 14, 79, 24, 202, 2, 52, 146, 185, 21, 54, 2,
-    56, 174, 193, 5, 49, 2, 50, 2, 51, 2, 53, 3, 55, 18, 130, 187, 21, 49,
-    174, 193, 5, 50, 2, 51, 2, 52, 2, 53, 2, 54, 2, 55, 3, 56, 82, 22, 48,
-    167, 1, 49, 34, 90, 50, 46, 51, 146, 185, 21, 52, 2, 53, 174, 193, 5, 49,
-    2, 54, 2, 55, 2, 56, 3, 57, 11, 230, 250, 26, 65, 2, 66, 2, 67, 3, 68, 7,
-    186, 250, 26, 65, 3, 66, 48, 66, 53, 86, 54, 138, 249, 26, 48, 2, 49, 2,
-    50, 2, 51, 3, 52, 21, 218, 249, 26, 65, 2, 66, 2, 67, 2, 68, 2, 69, 2,
-    70, 2, 71, 2, 72, 3, 73, 19, 134, 249, 26, 65, 2, 66, 2, 67, 2, 68, 2,
-    69, 2, 70, 2, 71, 3, 72, 14, 26, 32, 159, 171, 15, 72, 12, 42, 80, 242,
-    133, 3, 84, 135, 225, 21, 83, 8, 242, 132, 3, 79, 213, 129, 16, 22, 69,
-    84, 65, 76, 76, 69, 68, 32, 79, 85, 84, 76, 73, 78, 69, 68, 32, 66, 76,
-    65, 67, 75, 160, 1, 132, 1, 13, 66, 65, 83, 65, 78, 32, 76, 69, 84, 84,
-    69, 82, 32, 166, 3, 69, 176, 4, 7, 89, 77, 65, 73, 67, 32, 76, 155, 238,
-    26, 70, 80, 230, 1, 71, 78, 76, 34, 78, 50, 82, 158, 236, 24, 69, 198,
-    134, 1, 67, 2, 68, 2, 75, 2, 83, 2, 84, 2, 90, 182, 105, 66, 2, 70, 2,
-    72, 2, 74, 2, 77, 2, 80, 2, 81, 2, 86, 2, 88, 214, 22, 65, 2, 73, 2, 79,
-    2, 85, 3, 89, 8, 38, 72, 138, 221, 26, 74, 215, 22, 69, 4, 194, 168, 24,
-    65, 155, 203, 2, 69, 4, 226, 220, 26, 76, 215, 22, 69, 8, 194, 220, 26,
-    68, 2, 74, 214, 22, 65, 3, 69, 4, 146, 220, 26, 82, 215, 22, 69, 32, 96,
-    5, 67, 84, 82, 73, 67, 160, 1, 7, 77, 69, 78, 84, 32, 79, 70, 246, 230,
-    25, 80, 223, 80, 86, 10, 26, 32, 215, 165, 23, 65, 8, 98, 80, 244, 134,
-    17, 2, 84, 79, 204, 175, 8, 9, 76, 73, 71, 72, 84, 32, 66, 85, 76, 131,
-    32, 65, 2, 11, 76, 2, 131, 240, 26, 85, 19, 11, 32, 16, 72, 5, 87, 73,
-    84, 72, 32, 157, 142, 16, 7, 79, 80, 69, 78, 73, 78, 71, 12, 130, 1, 76,
-    32, 12, 84, 87, 79, 32, 72, 79, 82, 73, 90, 79, 78, 84, 186, 144, 19, 86,
-    186, 149, 4, 85, 166, 47, 79, 131, 153, 2, 68, 2, 141, 209, 24, 3, 79,
-    78, 71, 2, 233, 158, 14, 7, 65, 76, 32, 83, 84, 82, 79, 46, 170, 154, 4,
-    69, 153, 147, 15, 15, 73, 71, 65, 84, 85, 82, 69, 32, 90, 65, 89, 73, 78,
-    45, 89, 53, 48, 4, 79, 74, 73, 32, 218, 2, 80, 163, 3, 32, 18, 164, 1,
-    10, 67, 79, 77, 80, 79, 78, 69, 78, 84, 32, 109, 26, 77, 79, 68, 73, 70,
-    73, 69, 82, 32, 70, 73, 84, 90, 80, 65, 84, 82, 73, 67, 75, 32, 84, 89,
-    80, 69, 45, 8, 140, 200, 14, 2, 82, 69, 12, 5, 67, 85, 82, 76, 89, 0, 5,
-    87, 72, 73, 84, 69, 173, 190, 2, 2, 66, 65, 10, 152, 135, 20, 2, 49, 45,
-    214, 227, 6, 51, 2, 52, 2, 53, 3, 54, 26, 44, 3, 84, 89, 32, 225, 229, 3,
-    2, 72, 65, 24, 82, 78, 60, 3, 80, 65, 71, 20, 3, 83, 69, 84, 177, 165,
-    26, 4, 68, 79, 67, 85, 8, 36, 3, 79, 84, 69, 187, 161, 23, 69, 7, 131,
-    232, 12, 32, 4, 139, 229, 24, 69, 11, 33, 6, 32, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32, 8,
-    234, 203, 13, 82, 24, 3, 76, 69, 70, 176, 166, 1, 2, 83, 77, 207, 220, 8,
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-    235, 164, 15, 84, 6, 42, 81, 186, 129, 25, 68, 139, 167, 1, 83, 2, 191,
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-    146, 149, 20, 71, 56, 2, 83, 69, 194, 59, 77, 30, 84, 139, 251, 4, 76, 4,
-    210, 149, 20, 84, 239, 206, 5, 79, 2, 241, 169, 19, 7, 73, 84, 72, 32,
-    76, 69, 70, 5, 167, 209, 20, 85, 7, 33, 6, 32, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32, 4, 42,
-    76, 221, 140, 23, 4, 68, 79, 87, 78, 2, 209, 248, 21, 4, 73, 71, 72, 84,
-    6, 238, 227, 26, 76, 2, 77, 3, 84, 44, 28, 2, 65, 76, 231, 6, 73, 38, 30,
-    32, 133, 2, 2, 83, 32, 12, 56, 3, 84, 79, 32, 237, 220, 12, 5, 65, 78,
-    68, 32, 80, 10, 68, 3, 79, 82, 32, 217, 144, 26, 8, 66, 89, 32, 68, 69,
-    70, 73, 78, 8, 64, 3, 80, 82, 69, 28, 3, 83, 85, 67, 170, 210, 24, 71,
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-    26, 77, 6, 60, 11, 71, 69, 77, 73, 78, 65, 84, 73, 79, 78, 32, 51, 86, 4,
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-    69, 76, 22, 66, 84, 226, 171, 21, 72, 210, 188, 3, 69, 30, 70, 42, 78,
-    39, 83, 8, 130, 134, 16, 69, 222, 227, 8, 72, 27, 87, 4, 242, 103, 65,
-    201, 155, 25, 5, 82, 69, 70, 65, 67, 198, 7, 50, 69, 37, 8, 89, 76, 76,
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-    5, 69, 150, 64, 73, 2, 79, 3, 85, 60, 94, 68, 214, 14, 90, 198, 253, 20,
-    65, 2, 79, 154, 129, 5, 69, 222, 61, 87, 186, 2, 73, 3, 85, 30, 210, 14,
-    72, 198, 253, 20, 65, 2, 79, 154, 129, 5, 69, 222, 61, 87, 186, 2, 73, 3,
-    85, 24, 190, 8, 87, 130, 131, 21, 65, 154, 129, 5, 69, 222, 61, 89, 186,
-    2, 73, 2, 79, 3, 85, 118, 142, 1, 85, 226, 7, 71, 232, 3, 7, 76, 79, 84,
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-    150, 64, 73, 2, 79, 3, 85, 20, 170, 129, 21, 65, 2, 79, 154, 129, 5, 69,
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-    87, 218, 1, 89, 158, 250, 20, 65, 2, 79, 154, 129, 5, 69, 150, 64, 73, 3,
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-    85, 16, 230, 250, 20, 65, 154, 129, 5, 69, 222, 61, 87, 186, 2, 73, 2,
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-    254, 14, 76, 176, 2, 2, 88, 32, 230, 129, 3, 77, 252, 213, 5, 2, 82, 83,
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-    72, 79, 76, 68, 73, 78, 71, 32, 66, 65, 67, 75, 32, 84, 4, 212, 182, 16,
-    18, 65, 86, 79, 85, 82, 73, 78, 71, 32, 68, 69, 76, 73, 67, 73, 79, 85,
-    83, 161, 243, 4, 13, 67, 82, 69, 65, 77, 73, 78, 71, 32, 73, 78, 32, 70,
-    52, 38, 32, 221, 190, 21, 3, 79, 85, 84, 50, 144, 4, 2, 67, 79, 44, 5,
-    72, 69, 65, 68, 45, 38, 77, 98, 79, 92, 7, 78, 79, 32, 71, 79, 79, 68,
-    238, 1, 80, 164, 1, 16, 83, 84, 85, 67, 75, 45, 79, 85, 84, 32, 84, 79,
-    78, 71, 85, 69, 110, 84, 168, 140, 18, 22, 70, 73, 78, 71, 69, 82, 32,
-    67, 79, 86, 69, 82, 73, 78, 71, 32, 67, 76, 79, 83, 69, 68, 172, 67, 3,
-    82, 79, 76, 180, 217, 1, 13, 76, 79, 79, 75, 32, 79, 70, 32, 84, 82, 73,
-    85, 77, 184, 139, 1, 8, 68, 73, 65, 71, 79, 78, 65, 76, 1, 20, 85, 78,
-    69, 86, 69, 78, 32, 69, 89, 69, 83, 32, 65, 78, 68, 32, 87, 65, 86, 89,
-    4, 252, 4, 3, 87, 66, 79, 163, 208, 18, 76, 2, 225, 205, 21, 4, 66, 65,
-    78, 68, 4, 60, 6, 69, 68, 73, 67, 65, 76, 217, 216, 24, 3, 79, 78, 79, 2,
-    165, 229, 24, 3, 32, 77, 65, 12, 90, 75, 36, 4, 80, 69, 78, 32, 165, 218,
-    19, 10, 78, 69, 32, 69, 89, 69, 66, 82, 79, 87, 2, 217, 188, 21, 4, 32,
-    71, 69, 83, 8, 116, 5, 77, 79, 85, 84, 72, 161, 183, 21, 18, 69, 89, 69,
-    83, 32, 65, 78, 68, 32, 72, 65, 78, 68, 32, 79, 86, 69, 82, 7, 11, 32, 4,
-    228, 206, 9, 3, 86, 79, 77, 241, 130, 9, 5, 65, 78, 68, 32, 67, 6, 132,
-    1, 18, 65, 82, 84, 89, 32, 72, 79, 82, 78, 32, 65, 78, 68, 32, 80, 65,
-    82, 84, 100, 2, 69, 69, 133, 208, 18, 4, 76, 69, 65, 68, 2, 213, 230, 21,
-    2, 89, 32, 7, 29, 5, 32, 65, 78, 68, 32, 4, 36, 3, 87, 73, 78, 159, 208,
-    18, 84, 2, 153, 170, 1, 4, 75, 73, 78, 71, 4, 50, 69, 149, 234, 21, 6,
-    72, 69, 82, 77, 79, 77, 2, 197, 144, 26, 8, 65, 82, 83, 32, 79, 70, 32,
-    74, 10, 34, 76, 237, 192, 21, 2, 65, 70, 8, 84, 13, 73, 78, 71, 32, 68,
-    73, 65, 71, 79, 78, 65, 76, 32, 197, 236, 22, 2, 69, 78, 6, 128, 1, 9,
-    67, 82, 79, 83, 83, 73, 78, 71, 32, 181, 227, 18, 16, 73, 78, 32, 87, 72,
-    73, 84, 69, 32, 67, 73, 82, 67, 76, 69, 32, 4, 224, 197, 15, 3, 82, 73,
-    83, 135, 165, 3, 78, 4, 166, 191, 14, 73, 175, 251, 3, 77, 14, 50, 65,
-    54, 77, 44, 2, 82, 82, 147, 149, 18, 78, 4, 214, 196, 17, 84, 245, 156,
-    8, 4, 82, 70, 85, 76, 4, 144, 188, 8, 2, 73, 78, 239, 157, 7, 65, 4, 168,
-    199, 7, 2, 73, 83, 215, 214, 18, 89, 54, 200, 1, 5, 71, 85, 82, 69, 32,
-    38, 76, 186, 1, 82, 182, 2, 83, 208, 12, 4, 86, 69, 32, 68, 172, 233, 4,
-    10, 69, 76, 68, 32, 72, 79, 67, 75, 69, 89, 233, 157, 19, 9, 78, 73, 84,
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-    69, 32, 65, 2, 77, 32, 6, 174, 133, 15, 70, 172, 59, 4, 67, 65, 66, 73,
-    247, 193, 7, 83, 4, 52, 4, 80, 82, 79, 74, 149, 198, 19, 3, 70, 82, 65,
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-    32, 69, 68, 4, 87, 79, 82, 75, 207, 244, 14, 67, 4, 214, 254, 12, 78,
-    237, 192, 4, 8, 88, 84, 73, 78, 71, 85, 73, 83, 4, 220, 209, 22, 6, 32,
-    83, 80, 65, 82, 75, 171, 199, 3, 83, 10, 222, 137, 5, 81, 168, 146, 10,
-    8, 83, 84, 82, 79, 78, 71, 32, 73, 219, 197, 6, 80, 10, 38, 72, 177, 224,
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-    2, 66, 204, 240, 9, 7, 76, 69, 65, 70, 32, 67, 76, 242, 105, 84, 171,
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-    73, 79, 78, 32, 69, 8, 77, 69, 32, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32, 4, 214, 168, 19,
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-    70, 84, 145, 128, 2, 11, 70, 65, 67, 73, 78, 71, 32, 66, 65, 66, 89, 2,
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-    153, 2, 84, 215, 105, 78, 7, 29, 5, 32, 87, 73, 84, 72, 4, 220, 230, 13,
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-    32, 76, 69, 84, 84, 69, 82, 32, 165, 6, 2, 80, 65, 80, 45, 9, 76, 32, 76,
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-    4, 52, 9, 65, 84, 73, 78, 65, 84, 69, 32, 77, 35, 74, 2, 193, 223, 10, 3,
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-    67, 146, 1, 156, 1, 7, 76, 69, 84, 84, 69, 82, 32, 212, 2, 5, 83, 73, 71,
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-    32, 17, 11, 32, 14, 56, 7, 72, 85, 78, 68, 82, 69, 68, 18, 84, 143, 3,
-    83, 7, 131, 2, 32, 6, 48, 7, 72, 79, 85, 83, 65, 78, 68, 187, 2, 65, 5,
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-    4, 88, 5, 65, 82, 89, 83, 84, 145, 1, 12, 89, 82, 69, 78, 65, 73, 67, 32,
-    84, 87, 79, 32, 2, 101, 5, 73, 65, 78, 32, 70, 2, 17, 2, 32, 77, 2, 147,
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-    11, 32, 2, 161, 234, 9, 5, 68, 82, 65, 67, 72, 8, 112, 8, 77, 73, 79, 78,
-    73, 65, 78, 32, 253, 145, 24, 14, 65, 69, 85, 77, 32, 79, 78, 69, 32, 80,
-    76, 69, 84, 72, 6, 150, 140, 12, 70, 254, 216, 11, 84, 227, 55, 79, 2,
-    11, 32, 2, 215, 228, 23, 84, 32, 92, 8, 72, 69, 83, 80, 73, 65, 78, 32,
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-    38, 84, 239, 217, 17, 79, 6, 222, 139, 20, 86, 219, 190, 3, 70, 8, 246,
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-    84, 69, 8, 142, 243, 17, 86, 145, 193, 6, 3, 70, 84, 89, 2, 231, 221, 9,
-    69, 4, 252, 246, 21, 2, 79, 85, 149, 164, 1, 3, 84, 65, 66, 154, 2, 66,
-    76, 174, 45, 82, 66, 68, 168, 188, 7, 2, 75, 65, 135, 6, 84, 144, 2, 44,
-    6, 69, 84, 84, 69, 82, 32, 239, 45, 85, 142, 2, 198, 2, 65, 190, 1, 69,
-    28, 4, 73, 79, 84, 65, 128, 1, 2, 79, 77, 156, 3, 3, 82, 72, 79, 46, 83,
-    48, 7, 85, 80, 83, 73, 76, 79, 78, 146, 33, 80, 170, 2, 84, 138, 157, 5,
-    68, 156, 164, 2, 2, 75, 65, 146, 192, 1, 71, 194, 223, 10, 67, 166, 255,
-    1, 66, 2, 72, 2, 90, 166, 1, 76, 254, 210, 2, 89, 198, 43, 77, 2, 78,
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-    226, 29, 86, 226, 5, 79, 142, 226, 3, 84, 147, 140, 5, 77, 62, 186, 1,
-    84, 131, 27, 80, 31, 33, 6, 32, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32, 28, 186, 5, 68, 136,
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-    62, 28, 2, 69, 71, 235, 34, 73, 42, 11, 65, 43, 33, 6, 32, 87, 73, 84,
-    72, 32, 40, 54, 68, 30, 80, 194, 35, 79, 22, 86, 251, 225, 3, 84, 16, 65,
-    4, 65, 83, 73, 65, 18, 36, 4, 83, 73, 76, 73, 211, 16, 82, 17, 29, 5, 32,
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-    73, 65, 6, 60, 10, 69, 82, 73, 83, 80, 79, 77, 69, 78, 73, 175, 15, 82,
-    5, 169, 15, 7, 32, 65, 78, 68, 32, 80, 82, 5, 161, 35, 7, 32, 87, 73, 84,
-    72, 32, 68, 6, 170, 230, 7, 73, 206, 242, 16, 65, 227, 48, 72, 23, 33, 6,
-    32, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32, 20, 66, 68, 166, 26, 86, 226, 5, 79, 142, 226, 3,
-    84, 147, 140, 5, 77, 10, 130, 24, 65, 133, 203, 1, 5, 73, 65, 76, 89, 84,
-    18, 76, 9, 73, 65, 76, 89, 84, 73, 75, 65, 32, 32, 3, 82, 65, 67, 227,
-    22, 65, 8, 174, 24, 65, 223, 232, 3, 84, 2, 235, 146, 11, 72, 4, 40, 3,
-    73, 86, 69, 1, 3, 79, 85, 82, 2, 205, 37, 2, 32, 79, 76, 144, 1, 27, 83,
-    84, 82, 85, 77, 69, 78, 84, 65, 76, 32, 78, 79, 84, 65, 84, 73, 79, 78,
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-    25, 49, 2, 50, 2, 51, 2, 52, 2, 55, 2, 56, 3, 57, 15, 150, 163, 25, 51,
-    2, 52, 2, 53, 2, 54, 2, 55, 3, 57, 12, 218, 162, 25, 48, 2, 50, 2, 54, 2,
-    55, 2, 56, 3, 57, 17, 158, 162, 25, 48, 2, 50, 2, 51, 2, 53, 2, 55, 2,
-    56, 3, 57, 8, 54, 65, 38, 79, 169, 32, 6, 89, 65, 84, 72, 79, 83, 4, 210,
-    216, 7, 80, 195, 181, 16, 73, 2, 11, 82, 2, 11, 79, 2, 251, 131, 23, 78,
-    32, 128, 1, 6, 69, 84, 84, 69, 82, 32, 168, 2, 6, 79, 87, 69, 82, 32, 78,
-    32, 6, 85, 78, 65, 84, 69, 32, 157, 225, 21, 2, 73, 84, 24, 94, 83, 140,
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-    210, 12, 65, 195, 205, 7, 84, 12, 74, 80, 154, 154, 9, 71, 174, 131, 9,
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-    2, 249, 223, 9, 3, 85, 77, 69, 4, 222, 25, 83, 163, 186, 7, 69, 4, 80, 4,
-    69, 84, 82, 69, 253, 208, 22, 10, 85, 83, 73, 67, 65, 76, 32, 76, 69, 73,
-    2, 139, 206, 2, 84, 12, 88, 3, 78, 69, 32, 142, 198, 9, 88, 200, 136, 5,
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-    82, 83, 69, 68, 32, 76, 85, 78, 65, 84, 69, 32, 69, 4, 140, 197, 13, 10,
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-    2, 56, 7, 76, 69, 84, 84, 69, 82, 32, 202, 17, 82, 67, 68, 206, 2, 178,
-    2, 65, 162, 2, 68, 38, 69, 52, 4, 73, 79, 84, 65, 0, 7, 85, 80, 83, 73,
-    76, 79, 78, 254, 3, 75, 28, 2, 79, 77, 182, 5, 80, 112, 3, 82, 72, 79,
-    94, 83, 94, 84, 192, 192, 7, 2, 70, 73, 246, 192, 1, 71, 194, 223, 10,
-    67, 166, 255, 1, 66, 2, 72, 2, 90, 166, 1, 76, 194, 254, 2, 77, 2, 78,
-    147, 17, 88, 58, 64, 4, 76, 80, 72, 65, 149, 1, 7, 82, 67, 72, 65, 73,
-    67, 32, 55, 33, 6, 32, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32, 52, 82, 86, 226, 6, 68, 30,
-    80, 114, 79, 142, 1, 89, 250, 227, 3, 84, 147, 140, 5, 77, 6, 154, 5, 82,
-    155, 3, 65, 4, 18, 75, 23, 83, 2, 163, 206, 7, 79, 2, 11, 65, 2, 203,
-    143, 13, 77, 4, 214, 184, 7, 73, 191, 180, 14, 69, 70, 22, 80, 215, 4,
-    84, 20, 249, 7, 3, 83, 73, 76, 41, 33, 6, 32, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32, 38, 78,
-    68, 166, 1, 80, 178, 1, 86, 226, 5, 79, 142, 226, 3, 84, 147, 140, 5, 77,
-    18, 50, 65, 29, 8, 73, 65, 76, 89, 84, 73, 75, 65, 8, 153, 1, 3, 83, 73,
-    65, 11, 29, 5, 32, 65, 78, 68, 32, 8, 170, 1, 80, 154, 6, 79, 22, 86,
-    251, 225, 3, 84, 10, 18, 83, 115, 69, 8, 21, 3, 73, 76, 73, 9, 17, 2, 32,
-    65, 6, 21, 3, 78, 68, 32, 6, 30, 80, 154, 6, 79, 23, 86, 2, 11, 69, 2,
-    11, 82, 2, 181, 17, 4, 73, 83, 80, 79, 4, 22, 82, 147, 15, 65, 2, 177,
-    235, 24, 2, 65, 67, 4, 154, 201, 7, 65, 3, 79, 70, 28, 2, 69, 71, 151, 3,
-    73, 50, 11, 65, 51, 33, 6, 32, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32, 48, 58, 68, 30, 80,
-    114, 79, 62, 86, 82, 89, 251, 227, 3, 84, 16, 61, 4, 65, 83, 73, 65, 20,
-    32, 4, 83, 73, 76, 73, 91, 69, 17, 29, 5, 32, 65, 78, 68, 32, 14, 42, 79,
-    12, 2, 80, 69, 50, 86, 83, 89, 4, 83, 88, 4, 89, 9, 82, 73, 83, 80, 79,
-    77, 69, 78, 73, 4, 11, 65, 4, 11, 82, 4, 17, 2, 73, 65, 5, 33, 6, 32, 65,
-    78, 68, 32, 89, 2, 243, 12, 80, 20, 17, 2, 67, 82, 20, 17, 2, 79, 78, 21,
-    33, 6, 32, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32, 18, 88, 5, 68, 65, 83, 73, 65, 0, 5, 80,
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-    68, 32, 4, 18, 79, 23, 86, 2, 151, 178, 9, 88, 2, 179, 9, 65, 8, 88, 11,
-    65, 77, 80, 72, 89, 76, 73, 65, 78, 32, 68, 218, 242, 24, 72, 2, 83, 219,
-    19, 73, 2, 215, 173, 7, 73, 7, 33, 6, 32, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32, 4, 34, 68,
-    201, 182, 20, 2, 80, 83, 2, 215, 159, 8, 65, 10, 54, 65, 134, 193, 7, 84,
-    230, 1, 73, 175, 163, 17, 72, 4, 142, 131, 13, 77, 251, 129, 12, 78, 4,
-    150, 224, 21, 72, 231, 255, 2, 65, 4, 41, 8, 69, 86, 69, 82, 83, 69, 68,
-    32, 4, 18, 68, 43, 76, 2, 37, 7, 79, 84, 84, 69, 68, 32, 76, 2, 11, 85,
-    2, 33, 6, 78, 65, 84, 69, 32, 83, 2, 245, 193, 7, 3, 73, 71, 77, 10, 214,
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-    167, 198, 20, 82, 16, 106, 72, 104, 7, 82, 89, 66, 76, 73, 79, 78, 44, 3,
-    87, 79, 32, 150, 219, 3, 79, 141, 132, 16, 2, 65, 76, 6, 40, 4, 82, 69,
-    69, 32, 219, 191, 7, 69, 4, 146, 1, 79, 185, 230, 21, 7, 81, 85, 65, 82,
-    84, 69, 82, 2, 21, 3, 32, 66, 65, 2, 231, 232, 22, 83, 4, 42, 79, 253,
-    234, 11, 4, 84, 72, 73, 82, 2, 229, 148, 19, 2, 66, 79, 6, 80, 5, 65, 67,
-    85, 84, 69, 0, 9, 68, 73, 65, 69, 82, 69, 83, 73, 83, 39, 72, 2, 33, 6,
-    32, 65, 78, 68, 32, 72, 2, 145, 157, 7, 2, 79, 79, 60, 102, 65, 21, 21,
-    79, 67, 65, 76, 32, 78, 79, 84, 65, 84, 73, 79, 78, 32, 83, 89, 77, 66,
-    79, 76, 45, 2, 207, 168, 9, 82, 58, 90, 50, 2, 53, 166, 195, 22, 49, 214,
-    185, 2, 51, 2, 52, 2, 54, 2, 55, 2, 56, 3, 57, 13, 246, 252, 24, 48, 2,
-    49, 2, 50, 2, 51, 3, 52, 4, 26, 80, 139, 230, 19, 69, 2, 11, 79, 2, 33,
-    6, 71, 69, 71, 82, 65, 77, 2, 253, 171, 20, 2, 77, 69, 8, 238, 189, 13,
-    65, 142, 237, 9, 66, 210, 73, 72, 241, 64, 3, 83, 65, 76, 12, 60, 6, 78,
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-    2, 77, 2, 251, 211, 17, 73, 232, 3, 164, 1, 2, 65, 82, 70, 73, 52, 7, 74,
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-    68, 73, 32, 137, 3, 7, 82, 77, 85, 75, 72, 73, 32, 4, 34, 65, 157, 172,
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-    203, 162, 3, 86, 4, 118, 73, 143, 138, 21, 65, 2, 187, 184, 17, 68, 4,
-    68, 5, 87, 79, 45, 67, 73, 29, 8, 72, 82, 69, 69, 45, 68, 79, 84, 2, 25,
-    4, 82, 67, 76, 69, 2, 129, 249, 19, 5, 32, 78, 85, 75, 84, 34, 36, 5, 83,
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-    158, 20, 72, 2, 77, 2, 82, 2, 83, 2, 86, 3, 89, 4, 174, 188, 22, 86, 223,
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-    76, 69, 84, 84, 69, 82, 32, 242, 1, 83, 228, 2, 2, 86, 79, 244, 226, 12,
-    3, 84, 73, 80, 146, 249, 4, 73, 172, 130, 3, 5, 69, 75, 32, 79, 78, 162,
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-    96, 202, 156, 8, 71, 2, 75, 218, 172, 12, 82, 206, 55, 65, 38, 68, 46,
-    84, 230, 24, 85, 210, 200, 1, 73, 42, 76, 246, 189, 1, 78, 126, 66, 2,
-    67, 2, 74, 2, 80, 2, 83, 194, 40, 79, 162, 8, 69, 158, 20, 70, 2, 72, 2,
-    77, 2, 86, 2, 89, 3, 90, 26, 108, 19, 69, 81, 85, 69, 78, 67, 69, 32, 70,
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-    238, 22, 72, 14, 128, 1, 6, 65, 68, 65, 75, 32, 66, 2, 66, 164, 211, 14,
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-    2, 139, 238, 7, 73, 18, 45, 9, 87, 69, 76, 32, 83, 73, 71, 78, 32, 18,
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-    82, 68, 227, 46, 68, 6, 26, 32, 163, 231, 23, 67, 4, 134, 178, 23, 80,
-    187, 112, 83, 244, 1, 132, 2, 7, 72, 65, 78, 71, 85, 76, 32, 216, 4, 8,
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-    72, 58, 85, 228, 159, 6, 11, 70, 79, 82, 77, 83, 32, 76, 73, 71, 72, 84,
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-    222, 61, 67, 54, 69, 30, 73, 242, 4, 77, 138, 1, 84, 206, 3, 87, 198, 1,
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-    2, 32, 67, 231, 194, 10, 87, 2, 155, 182, 23, 80, 14, 56, 3, 77, 69, 82,
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-    145, 206, 15, 2, 32, 67, 4, 182, 199, 23, 76, 159, 137, 1, 71, 170, 7,
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-    69, 85, 78, 71, 146, 1, 75, 132, 1, 5, 77, 73, 69, 85, 77, 56, 5, 78, 73,
-    69, 85, 78, 74, 80, 172, 2, 5, 82, 73, 69, 85, 76, 210, 1, 83, 166, 3,
-    84, 124, 2, 89, 69, 200, 40, 5, 72, 73, 69, 85, 72, 139, 238, 9, 70, 30,
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-    16, 40, 4, 69, 85, 67, 72, 41, 2, 84, 85, 7, 11, 45, 4, 202, 31, 75, 243,
-    26, 72, 10, 21, 3, 69, 85, 77, 10, 22, 83, 155, 46, 67, 6, 40, 4, 83, 65,
-    78, 71, 179, 162, 13, 73, 4, 194, 54, 67, 227, 3, 83, 5, 215, 30, 45, 27,
-    11, 45, 24, 90, 80, 234, 30, 82, 242, 13, 67, 194, 5, 77, 138, 1, 84,
-    186, 2, 75, 218, 2, 72, 99, 83, 6, 214, 50, 72, 214, 3, 73, 207, 2, 65,
-    16, 80, 7, 65, 80, 89, 69, 79, 85, 78, 228, 20, 5, 73, 89, 69, 79, 75,
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-    67, 42, 75, 74, 80, 34, 84, 242, 1, 72, 99, 83, 42, 68, 6, 72, 73, 69,
-    85, 80, 72, 40, 4, 73, 69, 85, 80, 223, 53, 65, 7, 11, 45, 4, 158, 51,
-    80, 147, 2, 72, 35, 11, 45, 32, 82, 83, 234, 20, 80, 214, 7, 75, 162, 12,
-    67, 202, 6, 84, 226, 2, 78, 179, 2, 72, 14, 32, 3, 73, 79, 83, 251, 3,
-    83, 13, 11, 45, 10, 242, 46, 84, 146, 2, 67, 42, 75, 75, 80, 29, 11, 45,
-    26, 78, 75, 42, 83, 190, 44, 77, 154, 3, 67, 82, 78, 34, 80, 34, 84, 243,
-    1, 72, 6, 170, 22, 65, 130, 19, 72, 135, 7, 73, 8, 40, 4, 83, 65, 78, 71,
-    151, 155, 13, 73, 6, 206, 47, 75, 74, 80, 35, 84, 58, 48, 3, 73, 79, 83,
-    217, 1, 4, 83, 65, 78, 71, 33, 11, 45, 30, 130, 1, 80, 44, 2, 83, 83,
-    210, 22, 82, 210, 1, 75, 162, 12, 67, 194, 5, 77, 138, 1, 84, 226, 2, 78,
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-    2, 233, 48, 3, 65, 78, 71, 26, 236, 17, 5, 67, 73, 69, 85, 67, 172, 3, 4,
-    83, 73, 79, 83, 154, 1, 82, 186, 20, 84, 54, 89, 134, 2, 75, 42, 78, 34,
-    80, 146, 2, 72, 223, 223, 17, 73, 16, 40, 5, 73, 75, 69, 85, 84, 195, 41,
-    72, 15, 11, 45, 12, 226, 20, 82, 178, 19, 77, 154, 3, 67, 42, 75, 74, 80,
-    243, 2, 83, 4, 150, 19, 83, 139, 22, 79, 2, 165, 211, 8, 6, 76, 69, 32,
-    68, 79, 84, 216, 3, 92, 9, 79, 78, 71, 83, 69, 79, 78, 71, 32, 165, 21,
-    9, 85, 78, 71, 83, 69, 79, 78, 71, 32, 154, 2, 226, 1, 67, 80, 5, 72, 73,
-    69, 85, 72, 60, 5, 73, 69, 85, 78, 71, 46, 75, 220, 1, 5, 77, 73, 69, 85,
-    77, 188, 1, 5, 78, 73, 69, 85, 78, 94, 80, 240, 2, 5, 82, 73, 69, 85, 76,
-    190, 4, 83, 194, 3, 84, 213, 1, 2, 89, 69, 8, 36, 4, 73, 69, 85, 67, 239,
-    30, 72, 7, 11, 45, 4, 162, 32, 83, 239, 7, 80, 11, 11, 45, 8, 174, 16,
-    82, 178, 19, 77, 234, 3, 78, 35, 80, 9, 11, 45, 6, 194, 17, 75, 57, 2,
-    83, 83, 28, 76, 7, 65, 80, 89, 69, 79, 85, 78, 40, 5, 73, 89, 69, 79, 75,
-    215, 30, 72, 8, 130, 15, 82, 178, 15, 80, 131, 4, 77, 19, 11, 45, 16,
-    166, 13, 75, 170, 1, 82, 42, 83, 224, 13, 2, 67, 72, 146, 9, 78, 34, 80,
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-    72, 174, 80, 68, 187, 80, 83, 35, 76, 6, 32, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32, 190, 81,
-    76, 138, 225, 17, 65, 227, 200, 2, 72, 20, 154, 84, 67, 250, 89, 65, 138,
-    157, 3, 66, 174, 25, 77, 142, 133, 4, 79, 170, 195, 10, 72, 174, 80, 68,
-    187, 80, 83, 29, 76, 6, 32, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32, 138, 126, 65, 238, 218,
-    7, 87, 191, 210, 11, 69, 20, 186, 82, 66, 34, 67, 46, 68, 182, 216, 18,
-    72, 231, 160, 1, 83, 59, 80, 6, 32, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32, 132, 88, 2, 78,
-    83, 186, 254, 19, 79, 207, 36, 83, 40, 138, 1, 68, 162, 83, 67, 242, 1,
-    77, 142, 1, 84, 130, 70, 72, 158, 1, 79, 198, 10, 71, 186, 2, 65, 206,
-    156, 3, 73, 62, 66, 199, 130, 16, 83, 10, 22, 79, 191, 83, 73, 6, 234,
-    120, 85, 155, 232, 17, 84, 11, 33, 6, 32, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32, 8, 42, 67,
-    206, 183, 17, 84, 175, 145, 3, 83, 4, 234, 169, 1, 73, 199, 205, 3, 82,
-    25, 33, 6, 32, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32, 22, 182, 89, 67, 34, 68, 50, 83, 222,
-    78, 65, 138, 1, 76, 186, 186, 7, 79, 171, 195, 10, 72, 37, 48, 6, 32, 87,
-    73, 84, 72, 32, 163, 247, 20, 74, 32, 138, 1, 66, 36, 2, 68, 79, 52, 7,
-    77, 73, 68, 68, 76, 69, 32, 38, 83, 174, 2, 67, 198, 91, 72, 226, 71, 65,
-    138, 1, 76, 155, 141, 16, 84, 4, 246, 151, 12, 69, 207, 165, 8, 65, 6,
-    22, 85, 135, 92, 84, 2, 205, 223, 4, 2, 66, 76, 4, 146, 180, 17, 84, 255,
-    240, 2, 68, 4, 214, 2, 77, 211, 194, 20, 84, 19, 44, 6, 32, 87, 73, 84,
-    72, 32, 223, 94, 73, 10, 254, 164, 1, 65, 142, 225, 15, 68, 150, 45, 84,
-    203, 240, 1, 72, 33, 48, 6, 32, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32, 215, 243, 20, 74, 28,
-    102, 67, 44, 2, 83, 77, 194, 96, 76, 130, 64, 71, 186, 2, 65, 102, 68,
-    222, 186, 7, 79, 227, 210, 8, 84, 6, 202, 131, 1, 69, 22, 73, 131, 203,
-    18, 65, 2, 249, 194, 10, 10, 65, 76, 76, 32, 76, 69, 84, 84, 69, 82, 101,
-    108, 6, 32, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32, 194, 103, 76, 202, 140, 4, 80, 150, 253,
-    8, 77, 250, 255, 6, 73, 2, 79, 3, 85, 84, 144, 1, 2, 76, 79, 34, 77, 242,
-    96, 67, 70, 68, 154, 2, 79, 38, 83, 66, 84, 106, 86, 218, 43, 72, 242,
-    12, 71, 186, 2, 65, 206, 156, 3, 73, 63, 66, 4, 174, 99, 78, 199, 140,
-    20, 79, 8, 170, 99, 65, 171, 141, 4, 73, 17, 33, 6, 32, 87, 73, 84, 72,
-    32, 14, 146, 104, 70, 34, 83, 162, 55, 65, 234, 254, 17, 72, 175, 80, 68,
-    7, 33, 6, 32, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32, 4, 230, 104, 68, 39, 83, 41, 78, 32,
-    156, 1, 8, 69, 86, 69, 82, 83, 69, 68, 32, 145, 111, 3, 85, 77, 32, 28,
-    40, 5, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32, 143, 112, 82, 26, 174, 78, 67, 234, 28, 68,
-    170, 2, 84, 158, 48, 65, 138, 1, 76, 198, 155, 3, 73, 246, 158, 4, 79,
-    143, 228, 11, 83, 8, 146, 110, 72, 218, 138, 4, 79, 162, 246, 12, 67,
-    171, 253, 2, 69, 47, 136, 1, 6, 32, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32, 132, 1, 5, 77,
-    65, 76, 76, 32, 156, 115, 2, 65, 76, 234, 1, 72, 152, 2, 2, 73, 71, 235,
-    248, 3, 67, 30, 82, 67, 194, 111, 65, 118, 68, 126, 83, 174, 1, 86, 178,
-    227, 7, 79, 171, 195, 10, 72, 10, 154, 112, 65, 218, 10, 69, 82, 79, 203,
-    31, 73, 4, 200, 188, 18, 11, 81, 32, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32, 72, 79, 79, 75,
-    149, 237, 1, 7, 67, 65, 80, 73, 84, 65, 76, 59, 136, 1, 6, 32, 87, 73,
-    84, 72, 32, 168, 1, 6, 85, 82, 78, 69, 68, 32, 232, 122, 2, 72, 79, 176,
-    1, 2, 79, 78, 74, 82, 231, 233, 19, 90, 22, 82, 67, 50, 68, 170, 152, 1,
-    76, 186, 220, 3, 82, 170, 161, 14, 72, 231, 160, 1, 83, 8, 246, 119, 69,
-    22, 73, 62, 79, 199, 202, 18, 65, 6, 234, 141, 1, 73, 207, 234, 15, 79,
-    18, 162, 40, 73, 146, 249, 2, 65, 146, 197, 17, 72, 2, 75, 2, 76, 2, 77,
-    2, 84, 3, 86, 79, 26, 32, 179, 245, 4, 80, 74, 44, 5, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32,
-    251, 194, 19, 66, 72, 210, 131, 1, 67, 74, 68, 150, 2, 72, 170, 1, 77,
-    134, 1, 79, 142, 1, 84, 186, 9, 71, 186, 2, 65, 206, 156, 3, 73, 62, 66,
-    186, 136, 14, 82, 143, 250, 1, 83, 23, 88, 6, 32, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32,
-    222, 138, 1, 73, 66, 79, 174, 202, 18, 69, 227, 141, 1, 89, 8, 142, 138,
-    1, 68, 242, 151, 16, 84, 203, 240, 1, 72, 19, 48, 6, 32, 87, 73, 84, 72,
-    32, 159, 132, 7, 89, 14, 234, 143, 1, 67, 18, 68, 70, 71, 186, 2, 65,
-    235, 254, 17, 72, 7, 245, 139, 1, 7, 32, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32, 68, 29, 48,
-    6, 32, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32, 147, 233, 16, 79, 24, 198, 142, 1, 67, 18, 68,
-    70, 71, 22, 72, 42, 76, 254, 1, 65, 182, 182, 3, 77, 238, 215, 12, 84,
-    175, 145, 3, 83, 25, 33, 6, 32, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32, 22, 170, 57, 67, 150,
-    87, 65, 102, 68, 38, 76, 34, 83, 182, 214, 3, 80, 143, 167, 14, 72, 4,
-    250, 175, 10, 73, 231, 152, 10, 79, 12, 128, 1, 5, 65, 82, 67, 72, 65,
-    30, 73, 64, 9, 82, 69, 86, 69, 82, 83, 69, 68, 32, 197, 173, 10, 7, 83,
-    73, 68, 69, 87, 65, 89, 2, 213, 199, 13, 2, 73, 67, 4, 136, 107, 5, 78,
-    86, 69, 82, 84, 149, 156, 14, 3, 32, 76, 79, 4, 174, 221, 20, 70, 3, 80,
-    138, 1, 198, 3, 65, 36, 2, 66, 73, 152, 1, 21, 73, 78, 86, 69, 82, 84,
-    69, 68, 32, 71, 76, 79, 84, 84, 65, 76, 32, 83, 84, 79, 80, 72, 2, 82,
-    69, 222, 1, 83, 162, 28, 87, 132, 33, 3, 84, 87, 79, 204, 246, 3, 2, 68,
-    69, 140, 5, 2, 76, 65, 206, 11, 71, 248, 174, 1, 21, 80, 72, 65, 82, 89,
-    78, 71, 69, 65, 76, 32, 86, 79, 73, 67, 69, 68, 32, 70, 82, 73, 192, 181,
-    13, 20, 86, 79, 73, 67, 69, 68, 32, 76, 65, 82, 89, 78, 71, 69, 65, 76,
-    32, 83, 80, 73, 155, 116, 89, 4, 150, 169, 4, 76, 223, 224, 15, 73, 6,
-    76, 7, 76, 65, 66, 73, 65, 76, 32, 29, 8, 68, 69, 78, 84, 65, 76, 32, 80,
-    4, 26, 80, 143, 188, 4, 67, 2, 153, 208, 15, 6, 69, 82, 67, 85, 83, 83,
-    7, 33, 6, 32, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32, 4, 134, 225, 4, 67, 231, 198, 15, 83,
-    8, 104, 7, 86, 69, 82, 83, 69, 68, 32, 149, 225, 4, 13, 84, 82, 79, 70,
-    76, 69, 88, 32, 67, 76, 73, 67, 75, 4, 80, 3, 69, 83, 72, 193, 61, 12,
-    71, 76, 79, 84, 84, 65, 76, 32, 83, 84, 79, 80, 2, 189, 132, 1, 2, 32,
-    76, 96, 172, 1, 13, 77, 65, 76, 76, 32, 67, 65, 80, 73, 84, 65, 76, 32,
-    220, 111, 10, 84, 82, 69, 84, 67, 72, 69, 68, 32, 67, 225, 211, 18, 10,
-    73, 78, 79, 76, 79, 71, 73, 67, 65, 76, 90, 230, 1, 69, 30, 73, 22, 76,
-    74, 79, 42, 82, 122, 84, 186, 164, 4, 66, 202, 41, 71, 166, 194, 15, 65,
-    150, 64, 67, 2, 68, 2, 70, 2, 72, 2, 74, 2, 75, 2, 77, 2, 78, 2, 80, 2,
-    81, 2, 83, 2, 85, 2, 86, 2, 87, 2, 89, 3, 90, 7, 190, 209, 20, 84, 3, 90,
-    5, 191, 201, 4, 78, 7, 33, 6, 32, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32, 4, 198, 199, 8, 66,
-    187, 218, 11, 83, 9, 214, 94, 80, 130, 243, 19, 69, 3, 85, 11, 88, 8, 69,
-    86, 69, 82, 83, 69, 68, 32, 216, 127, 5, 32, 87, 73, 84, 72, 167, 192,
-    19, 85, 4, 210, 208, 20, 78, 3, 82, 13, 33, 6, 85, 82, 78, 69, 68, 32,
-    10, 146, 208, 20, 69, 2, 71, 2, 75, 2, 77, 3, 82, 180, 11, 136, 1, 5, 77,
-    65, 76, 76, 32, 253, 129, 1, 22, 85, 66, 83, 67, 82, 73, 80, 84, 32, 83,
-    77, 65, 76, 76, 32, 76, 69, 84, 84, 69, 82, 32, 144, 11, 76, 15, 67, 65,
-    80, 73, 84, 65, 76, 32, 76, 69, 84, 84, 69, 82, 32, 27, 76, 4, 182, 53,
-    73, 3, 85, 140, 11, 76, 6, 69, 84, 84, 69, 82, 32, 161, 127, 8, 73, 71,
-    65, 84, 85, 82, 69, 32, 250, 10, 182, 2, 65, 190, 5, 66, 198, 3, 67, 186,
-    4, 68, 182, 4, 69, 174, 9, 70, 214, 1, 71, 162, 2, 72, 230, 2, 73, 166,
-    7, 74, 182, 1, 75, 178, 2, 76, 210, 6, 77, 178, 2, 78, 218, 3, 79, 242,
-    8, 80, 230, 1, 81, 174, 1, 82, 142, 8, 83, 234, 10, 84, 246, 13, 85, 218,
-    9, 86, 130, 3, 87, 110, 88, 226, 2, 89, 171, 3, 90, 101, 118, 32, 198, 3,
-    69, 82, 78, 132, 208, 4, 4, 76, 80, 72, 65, 190, 164, 13, 86, 138, 209,
-    2, 65, 2, 79, 2, 85, 3, 89, 72, 88, 5, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32, 209, 209, 5,
-    11, 82, 69, 86, 69, 82, 83, 69, 68, 45, 83, 67, 70, 150, 1, 66, 34, 68,
-    54, 82, 170, 34, 77, 254, 21, 67, 146, 49, 72, 158, 1, 79, 198, 10, 71,
-    186, 2, 65, 206, 156, 3, 73, 214, 241, 12, 84, 175, 145, 3, 83, 12, 161,
-    105, 4, 82, 69, 86, 69, 12, 22, 79, 155, 57, 73, 8, 218, 57, 84, 223, 12,
-    85, 10, 26, 73, 255, 212, 4, 69, 8, 26, 78, 131, 156, 4, 71, 6, 17, 2,
-    71, 32, 6, 240, 58, 4, 65, 66, 79, 86, 159, 243, 17, 66, 9, 33, 6, 32,
-    87, 73, 84, 72, 32, 6, 242, 115, 71, 186, 2, 65, 183, 182, 3, 77, 2, 133,
-    160, 10, 7, 71, 76, 73, 67, 65, 78, 65, 41, 140, 1, 6, 32, 87, 73, 84,
-    72, 32, 130, 1, 65, 108, 11, 76, 65, 67, 75, 76, 69, 84, 84, 69, 82, 32,
-    38, 82, 242, 182, 4, 79, 191, 230, 15, 69, 18, 110, 84, 146, 60, 70, 202,
-    56, 76, 170, 207, 3, 77, 174, 7, 80, 178, 137, 12, 68, 222, 157, 2, 72,
-    231, 160, 1, 83, 2, 255, 7, 79, 8, 64, 5, 82, 82, 69, 68, 32, 161, 80, 6,
-    83, 69, 76, 73, 78, 69, 6, 182, 32, 65, 142, 162, 20, 69, 3, 79, 6, 186,
-    177, 4, 79, 227, 144, 16, 69, 2, 133, 148, 10, 4, 79, 75, 69, 78, 47,
-    108, 6, 32, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32, 196, 1, 2, 72, 73, 92, 6, 76, 79, 83, 69,
-    68, 32, 90, 85, 155, 238, 19, 79, 24, 102, 67, 182, 112, 65, 222, 215, 3,
-    80, 230, 5, 82, 170, 161, 14, 72, 186, 46, 66, 246, 33, 68, 187, 80, 83,
-    10, 54, 69, 190, 112, 73, 238, 225, 6, 85, 147, 201, 11, 65, 4, 249, 51,
-    5, 68, 73, 76, 76, 65, 7, 49, 10, 32, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32, 76, 79, 87, 32,
-    4, 162, 106, 82, 45, 4, 76, 69, 70, 84, 8, 34, 73, 18, 79, 227, 181, 4,
-    82, 2, 163, 87, 78, 4, 210, 202, 4, 80, 199, 243, 8, 77, 4, 37, 7, 65,
-    84, 82, 73, 76, 76, 79, 5, 153, 224, 12, 5, 32, 87, 73, 84, 72, 73, 96,
-    6, 32, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32, 182, 1, 69, 34, 79, 178, 1, 90, 246, 194, 4,
-    66, 235, 229, 15, 85, 32, 98, 83, 34, 84, 130, 33, 67, 206, 44, 77, 170,
-    31, 76, 206, 199, 3, 72, 138, 15, 80, 179, 137, 12, 68, 4, 134, 67, 72,
-    223, 200, 19, 84, 4, 26, 79, 167, 142, 18, 65, 2, 215, 235, 17, 80, 8,
-    246, 77, 90, 195, 200, 19, 76, 16, 60, 6, 84, 76, 69, 83, 83, 32, 49, 5,
-    85, 66, 76, 69, 32, 8, 26, 74, 139, 186, 20, 73, 7, 235, 179, 4, 32, 8,
-    42, 87, 210, 183, 4, 82, 187, 219, 5, 84, 2, 163, 219, 6, 89, 11, 11, 32,
-    8, 26, 87, 219, 179, 4, 68, 2, 169, 89, 5, 73, 84, 72, 32, 67, 119, 112,
-    6, 32, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32, 214, 4, 71, 72, 2, 78, 71, 68, 2, 83, 72, 164,
-    1, 2, 90, 72, 147, 189, 16, 84, 76, 182, 1, 67, 158, 2, 68, 110, 78, 214,
-    15, 84, 162, 23, 77, 250, 1, 86, 194, 3, 70, 170, 41, 72, 158, 1, 79,
-    198, 10, 71, 186, 2, 65, 206, 156, 3, 73, 62, 66, 186, 64, 82, 143, 194,
-    15, 83, 24, 92, 6, 69, 68, 73, 76, 76, 65, 32, 9, 73, 82, 67, 85, 77, 70,
-    76, 69, 88, 179, 145, 19, 65, 5, 129, 131, 4, 3, 32, 65, 78, 19, 11, 32,
-    16, 40, 4, 65, 78, 68, 32, 207, 156, 18, 66, 14, 162, 85, 67, 130, 2, 72,
-    226, 11, 71, 186, 2, 65, 182, 182, 3, 77, 190, 162, 4, 68, 179, 181, 8,
-    84, 12, 22, 79, 227, 97, 73, 10, 28, 2, 84, 32, 243, 50, 85, 8, 192, 87,
-    5, 65, 66, 79, 86, 69, 239, 195, 17, 66, 2, 183, 232, 13, 79, 4, 237,
-    237, 6, 13, 89, 80, 84, 79, 76, 79, 71, 73, 67, 65, 76, 32, 65, 7, 33, 6,
-    32, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32, 4, 226, 176, 4, 67, 231, 9, 80, 13, 33, 6, 32,
-    87, 73, 84, 72, 32, 10, 88, 10, 68, 79, 85, 66, 76, 69, 32, 66, 65, 82,
-    170, 185, 4, 80, 142, 1, 67, 219, 4, 82, 5, 157, 186, 4, 4, 32, 65, 78,
-    68, 15, 11, 32, 12, 38, 82, 37, 5, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32, 2, 209, 228, 13,
-    4, 69, 86, 69, 82, 10, 54, 67, 246, 183, 4, 80, 230, 5, 82, 139, 197, 13,
-    84, 4, 194, 194, 7, 85, 147, 201, 11, 65, 17, 84, 6, 32, 87, 73, 84, 72,
-    32, 73, 11, 69, 78, 71, 32, 68, 73, 71, 82, 65, 80, 72, 10, 202, 175, 4,
-    77, 174, 7, 80, 142, 167, 14, 72, 174, 80, 68, 187, 80, 83, 5, 197, 189,
-    17, 8, 32, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32, 84, 82, 37, 72, 6, 32, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32,
-    126, 76, 138, 225, 17, 65, 227, 200, 2, 72, 22, 218, 3, 67, 250, 89, 65,
-    138, 157, 3, 66, 174, 25, 77, 170, 33, 80, 230, 227, 3, 79, 170, 195, 10,
-    72, 174, 80, 68, 187, 80, 83, 8, 33, 6, 79, 84, 84, 65, 76, 32, 8, 178,
-    225, 17, 83, 202, 202, 2, 65, 2, 73, 3, 85, 39, 140, 1, 6, 32, 87, 73,
-    84, 72, 32, 166, 44, 65, 216, 25, 12, 79, 79, 75, 69, 68, 32, 83, 67, 72,
-    87, 65, 32, 242, 225, 3, 69, 207, 130, 16, 86, 24, 86, 66, 34, 67, 46,
-    68, 214, 90, 76, 214, 214, 3, 80, 142, 167, 14, 72, 231, 160, 1, 83, 2,
-    157, 229, 12, 3, 82, 69, 86, 6, 158, 58, 69, 154, 32, 73, 255, 170, 18,
-    65, 8, 234, 86, 73, 178, 173, 3, 69, 203, 182, 12, 79, 75, 80, 6, 32, 87,
-    73, 84, 72, 32, 222, 4, 78, 188, 1, 2, 79, 84, 251, 161, 20, 83, 48, 178,
-    1, 67, 34, 68, 210, 1, 77, 64, 6, 79, 71, 79, 78, 69, 75, 78, 84, 130,
-    70, 72, 226, 11, 71, 186, 2, 65, 206, 156, 3, 73, 62, 66, 136, 64, 6, 83,
-    84, 82, 79, 75, 69, 51, 82, 4, 210, 87, 73, 255, 170, 18, 65, 14, 18, 73,
-    47, 79, 4, 221, 26, 7, 65, 69, 82, 69, 83, 73, 83, 10, 28, 2, 84, 32,
-    231, 36, 85, 8, 64, 10, 65, 66, 79, 86, 69, 32, 65, 78, 68, 32, 227, 140,
-    18, 66, 6, 150, 83, 71, 186, 2, 65, 163, 142, 16, 84, 4, 29, 5, 65, 67,
-    82, 79, 78, 5, 233, 35, 4, 32, 65, 78, 68, 7, 145, 72, 15, 32, 65, 78,
-    68, 32, 68, 79, 84, 32, 65, 66, 79, 86, 69, 32, 4, 21, 3, 73, 76, 68, 4,
-    171, 251, 4, 69, 16, 46, 83, 93, 7, 86, 69, 82, 84, 69, 68, 32, 12, 29,
-    5, 85, 76, 65, 82, 32, 12, 226, 162, 20, 68, 2, 70, 2, 71, 2, 82, 2, 83,
-    3, 84, 4, 26, 65, 187, 139, 20, 79, 2, 231, 173, 4, 76, 6, 150, 145, 4,
-    65, 229, 162, 6, 5, 73, 70, 73, 69, 68, 13, 33, 6, 32, 87, 73, 84, 72,
-    32, 10, 94, 67, 216, 161, 4, 13, 68, 79, 84, 32, 65, 66, 79, 86, 69, 32,
-    65, 78, 68, 235, 206, 15, 83, 6, 178, 81, 73, 198, 205, 3, 82, 187, 221,
-    14, 65, 29, 48, 6, 32, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32, 163, 157, 20, 82, 24, 98, 67,
-    34, 68, 50, 83, 222, 78, 65, 138, 1, 76, 214, 214, 3, 80, 230, 227, 3,
-    79, 171, 195, 10, 72, 4, 210, 47, 69, 151, 203, 18, 65, 6, 214, 69, 73,
-    134, 180, 3, 69, 175, 174, 4, 79, 4, 29, 5, 84, 82, 79, 75, 69, 5, 177,
-    24, 6, 32, 65, 78, 68, 32, 68, 77, 156, 1, 6, 32, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32,
-    248, 3, 5, 65, 77, 66, 68, 65, 22, 69, 48, 5, 79, 78, 71, 32, 83, 194,
-    161, 4, 83, 2, 90, 234, 229, 15, 85, 219, 16, 74, 50, 178, 1, 66, 86, 67,
-    56, 2, 68, 79, 100, 3, 77, 73, 68, 242, 1, 72, 226, 71, 65, 138, 1, 76,
-    218, 206, 3, 73, 162, 1, 82, 222, 2, 70, 130, 4, 80, 198, 182, 12, 84,
-    175, 145, 3, 83, 6, 36, 3, 69, 76, 84, 147, 226, 19, 65, 5, 241, 162, 4,
-    6, 32, 65, 78, 68, 32, 80, 8, 146, 43, 69, 22, 73, 242, 129, 7, 85, 147,
-    201, 11, 65, 8, 38, 84, 25, 5, 85, 66, 76, 69, 32, 4, 137, 24, 2, 32, 66,
-    4, 162, 154, 4, 77, 243, 220, 14, 66, 8, 36, 4, 68, 76, 69, 32, 187, 43,
-    45, 6, 198, 215, 16, 84, 178, 240, 2, 82, 79, 68, 2, 139, 155, 4, 32, 6,
-    222, 162, 4, 90, 161, 192, 12, 3, 78, 73, 83, 9, 33, 6, 32, 87, 73, 84,
-    72, 32, 6, 18, 68, 35, 72, 4, 202, 62, 73, 215, 216, 18, 79, 2, 133, 154,
-    4, 2, 73, 71, 27, 56, 6, 32, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32, 102, 73, 151, 133, 20,
-    85, 16, 134, 71, 65, 250, 205, 3, 67, 186, 2, 77, 174, 7, 80, 178, 137,
-    12, 68, 150, 45, 84, 203, 240, 1, 72, 6, 25, 4, 68, 68, 76, 69, 6, 76, 7,
-    45, 87, 69, 76, 83, 72, 32, 141, 194, 16, 6, 32, 83, 67, 79, 84, 83, 4,
-    226, 139, 19, 76, 159, 137, 1, 86, 49, 58, 32, 216, 2, 2, 71, 32, 242,
-    128, 20, 85, 219, 16, 74, 40, 88, 5, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32, 193, 250, 5, 11,
-    80, 82, 69, 67, 69, 68, 69, 68, 32, 66, 89, 38, 122, 67, 74, 76, 154, 36,
-    77, 234, 27, 71, 186, 2, 65, 102, 68, 250, 214, 3, 80, 230, 5, 82, 130,
-    222, 3, 79, 227, 210, 8, 84, 10, 166, 35, 69, 22, 73, 202, 237, 3, 82,
-    170, 148, 3, 85, 147, 201, 11, 65, 6, 128, 65, 3, 79, 78, 71, 202, 2, 73,
-    135, 222, 3, 69, 2, 25, 4, 87, 73, 84, 72, 2, 149, 131, 17, 5, 32, 84,
-    73, 76, 68, 115, 116, 6, 32, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32, 186, 6, 76, 52, 4, 80,
-    69, 78, 32, 170, 137, 13, 77, 250, 255, 6, 73, 2, 79, 3, 85, 86, 154, 1,
-    67, 70, 68, 152, 1, 2, 76, 79, 86, 77, 46, 79, 38, 83, 66, 84, 106, 86,
-    218, 43, 72, 242, 12, 71, 186, 2, 65, 206, 156, 3, 73, 62, 66, 187, 64,
-    82, 14, 168, 48, 9, 73, 82, 67, 85, 77, 70, 76, 69, 88, 187, 186, 18, 65,
-    14, 18, 73, 47, 79, 4, 233, 12, 7, 65, 69, 82, 69, 83, 73, 83, 10, 22,
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     69, 79, 71, 82, 65, 77, 32, 216, 17, 10, 77, 79, 78, 79, 71, 82, 65, 77,
     32, 66, 249, 1, 2, 83, 89, 234, 1, 54, 66, 249, 15, 8, 86, 69, 83, 83,
     69, 76, 32, 66, 176, 1, 22, 49, 255, 10, 50, 126, 86, 48, 210, 3, 50,
     162, 1, 51, 86, 52, 122, 53, 114, 54, 146, 1, 55, 118, 56, 71, 57, 28,
-    114, 53, 98, 54, 58, 55, 78, 56, 62, 57, 148, 247, 6, 3, 50, 32, 87, 234,
-    84, 48, 237, 215, 10, 4, 52, 32, 68, 69, 6, 252, 245, 6, 2, 32, 69, 188,
-    205, 10, 3, 70, 32, 77, 245, 79, 7, 77, 32, 83, 84, 65, 76, 76, 4, 224,
-    233, 1, 3, 70, 32, 69, 221, 191, 15, 2, 77, 32, 4, 36, 3, 70, 32, 83, 1,
-    2, 77, 32, 2, 213, 195, 11, 4, 72, 69, 45, 71, 4, 228, 250, 8, 3, 77, 32,
-    66, 145, 205, 8, 3, 70, 32, 83, 4, 148, 221, 16, 4, 77, 32, 66, 85, 165,
-    106, 3, 70, 32, 67, 10, 236, 243, 8, 4, 51, 32, 83, 80, 224, 10, 5, 49,
-    32, 66, 65, 82, 160, 218, 4, 4, 50, 32, 79, 76, 20, 6, 53, 32, 67, 89,
-    80, 69, 209, 99, 4, 48, 32, 87, 72, 6, 54, 49, 192, 178, 16, 3, 48, 32,
-    79, 247, 172, 2, 50, 2, 145, 198, 17, 2, 32, 87, 10, 224, 5, 3, 53, 32,
-    87, 244, 241, 8, 6, 48, 32, 66, 82, 79, 78, 172, 2, 4, 49, 32, 71, 79,
-    150, 229, 9, 50, 3, 54, 16, 82, 57, 150, 226, 2, 49, 186, 251, 15, 48, 2,
-    50, 2, 51, 2, 52, 2, 55, 3, 56, 2, 253, 90, 3, 32, 67, 76, 20, 184, 246,
-    13, 5, 51, 32, 65, 82, 77, 204, 163, 4, 5, 50, 32, 71, 65, 82, 170, 67,
-    48, 2, 49, 2, 52, 2, 53, 2, 54, 2, 55, 2, 56, 3, 57, 18, 202, 198, 13,
-    54, 196, 150, 3, 4, 51, 32, 77, 79, 146, 255, 1, 48, 2, 49, 2, 50, 2, 52,
-    2, 55, 2, 56, 3, 57, 14, 170, 219, 18, 48, 2, 49, 2, 50, 2, 51, 2, 52, 2,
-    53, 3, 57, 4, 240, 157, 2, 3, 49, 32, 72, 247, 188, 16, 48, 50, 42, 50,
-    110, 51, 130, 1, 52, 227, 1, 53, 4, 84, 8, 48, 32, 70, 79, 79, 84, 83,
-    84, 181, 196, 6, 7, 53, 32, 66, 65, 84, 72, 84, 2, 219, 198, 17, 79, 12,
-    104, 4, 51, 32, 83, 87, 248, 211, 13, 4, 48, 32, 83, 80, 130, 234, 3, 49,
-    190, 154, 1, 50, 2, 52, 3, 54, 2, 223, 193, 17, 79, 16, 168, 1, 9, 48,
-    32, 87, 72, 69, 69, 76, 69, 68, 2, 49, 34, 51, 240, 202, 16, 12, 50, 32,
-    67, 72, 65, 82, 73, 79, 84, 32, 70, 82, 230, 139, 2, 53, 2, 54, 2, 56, 3,
-    57, 2, 133, 205, 17, 3, 32, 67, 72, 2, 183, 176, 6, 32, 18, 184, 207, 17,
-    3, 52, 32, 68, 134, 135, 1, 49, 2, 50, 2, 51, 2, 53, 2, 54, 2, 55, 2, 56,
-    3, 57, 58, 50, 50, 204, 239, 11, 2, 49, 53, 1, 2, 51, 48, 54, 50, 50,
-    250, 241, 11, 53, 230, 216, 1, 48, 3, 49, 12, 238, 212, 18, 49, 2, 50, 2,
-    54, 2, 55, 2, 56, 3, 57, 12, 46, 49, 153, 12, 6, 50, 52, 55, 32, 68, 73,
-    10, 50, 50, 70, 51, 181, 11, 5, 53, 54, 32, 84, 85, 4, 252, 167, 3, 3,
-    55, 32, 75, 197, 140, 15, 5, 56, 32, 75, 65, 78, 4, 56, 3, 53, 32, 77,
-    241, 173, 15, 5, 51, 32, 65, 82, 69, 2, 231, 201, 11, 69, 176, 1, 84, 9,
-    76, 76, 65, 66, 76, 69, 32, 66, 48, 229, 12, 7, 77, 66, 79, 76, 32, 66,
-    48, 148, 1, 114, 48, 142, 1, 49, 162, 1, 50, 230, 1, 51, 174, 1, 52, 162,
-    1, 53, 154, 1, 54, 186, 1, 55, 198, 1, 56, 87, 57, 18, 118, 54, 250, 191,
-    1, 55, 150, 8, 52, 162, 14, 57, 138, 211, 10, 53, 186, 146, 2, 56, 226,
-    10, 49, 254, 2, 50, 207, 8, 51, 2, 171, 149, 17, 32, 16, 122, 54, 18, 55,
-    158, 201, 1, 49, 142, 2, 50, 158, 26, 52, 196, 186, 1, 2, 53, 32, 198,
-    220, 5, 48, 177, 186, 8, 2, 51, 32, 2, 135, 84, 32, 2, 159, 232, 10, 32,
-    18, 166, 1, 51, 22, 54, 20, 3, 57, 32, 80, 224, 6, 2, 53, 32, 136, 168,
-    3, 2, 48, 32, 228, 253, 13, 2, 55, 32, 140, 7, 2, 52, 32, 146, 89, 56,
-    173, 44, 3, 49, 32, 81, 2, 151, 250, 13, 32, 2, 151, 192, 14, 32, 2, 151,
-    233, 11, 85, 16, 134, 1, 48, 20, 2, 51, 32, 254, 188, 1, 55, 254, 34, 54,
-    194, 233, 4, 57, 138, 148, 2, 56, 210, 154, 4, 49, 185, 180, 5, 3, 50,
-    32, 81, 2, 215, 251, 13, 32, 2, 135, 1, 82, 16, 116, 2, 51, 32, 22, 53,
-    242, 184, 1, 48, 222, 1, 49, 134, 6, 50, 222, 10, 52, 146, 5, 54, 233,
-    180, 12, 3, 56, 32, 78, 2, 199, 246, 14, 65, 2, 171, 189, 16, 32, 18,
-    130, 1, 51, 162, 185, 1, 49, 150, 1, 56, 42, 57, 102, 55, 214, 5, 48,
-    158, 140, 2, 52, 200, 210, 14, 2, 50, 32, 157, 4, 2, 53, 32, 2, 159, 192,
-    11, 32, 16, 132, 1, 2, 50, 32, 20, 2, 56, 32, 204, 1, 3, 54, 32, 84, 150,
-    180, 1, 55, 226, 3, 57, 146, 2, 53, 158, 228, 6, 49, 163, 221, 9, 48, 2,
-    191, 131, 17, 80, 2, 129, 228, 11, 2, 82, 79, 18, 172, 1, 3, 54, 32, 82,
-    182, 180, 1, 55, 158, 8, 48, 142, 16, 53, 12, 3, 49, 32, 68, 228, 145, 7,
-    2, 52, 32, 214, 235, 3, 50, 152, 229, 5, 3, 56, 32, 81, 241, 2, 2, 51,
-    32, 2, 183, 226, 11, 65, 8, 178, 180, 1, 49, 160, 24, 3, 55, 32, 84, 172,
-    230, 6, 2, 53, 32, 211, 129, 6, 48, 4, 158, 184, 12, 49, 21, 3, 48, 32,
-    68, 28, 90, 52, 30, 54, 30, 56, 186, 220, 11, 53, 158, 2, 49, 30, 51,
-    166, 1, 50, 175, 144, 3, 55, 4, 158, 196, 18, 55, 3, 57, 4, 130, 196, 18,
-    51, 3, 52, 8, 230, 195, 18, 50, 2, 51, 2, 54, 3, 57, 4, 156, 173, 10, 9,
-    69, 68, 32, 80, 65, 80, 69, 82, 67, 155, 131, 7, 32, 5, 155, 148, 17, 84,
-    98, 96, 7, 76, 69, 84, 84, 69, 82, 32, 253, 219, 6, 11, 80, 85, 78, 67,
-    84, 85, 65, 84, 73, 79, 78, 94, 234, 1, 84, 186, 234, 2, 68, 226, 249, 9,
-    85, 222, 140, 2, 69, 22, 78, 214, 135, 3, 67, 2, 71, 2, 72, 2, 75, 2, 80,
-    2, 83, 2, 89, 2, 90, 162, 7, 65, 2, 79, 222, 61, 66, 2, 70, 2, 74, 2, 76,
-    2, 77, 2, 87, 2, 88, 187, 2, 73, 20, 64, 4, 79, 78, 69, 32, 154, 248, 17,
-    83, 254, 68, 72, 187, 2, 65, 12, 48, 4, 77, 89, 65, 32, 229, 185, 1, 2,
-    78, 65, 10, 174, 227, 3, 74, 246, 188, 14, 66, 158, 11, 84, 254, 16, 67,
-    39, 78, 208, 1, 244, 1, 2, 67, 75, 132, 1, 6, 71, 73, 67, 65, 76, 32,
-    236, 3, 3, 78, 71, 32, 230, 4, 84, 116, 3, 86, 69, 32, 70, 87, 144, 8, 5,
-    90, 69, 78, 71, 69, 218, 212, 7, 66, 220, 204, 9, 8, 85, 68, 76, 89, 32,
-    67, 82, 89, 133, 15, 4, 76, 76, 73, 80, 9, 96, 10, 73, 78, 71, 45, 83,
-    72, 73, 70, 84, 32, 149, 16, 9, 32, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32, 73, 78, 75, 4,
-    210, 207, 16, 90, 143, 83, 79, 28, 36, 3, 65, 78, 68, 85, 2, 79, 82, 15,
-    33, 6, 32, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32, 12, 226, 1, 68, 94, 72, 58, 77, 187, 239,
-    14, 85, 15, 11, 32, 12, 88, 13, 79, 86, 69, 82, 76, 65, 80, 80, 73, 78,
-    71, 32, 76, 49, 5, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32, 2, 129, 172, 17, 7, 79, 71, 73,
-    67, 65, 76, 32, 10, 26, 68, 94, 72, 59, 77, 6, 11, 79, 6, 44, 5, 85, 66,
-    76, 69, 32, 247, 187, 17, 84, 4, 142, 240, 14, 85, 167, 47, 79, 2, 149,
-    144, 15, 9, 79, 82, 73, 90, 79, 78, 84, 65, 76, 2, 213, 196, 7, 5, 73,
-    68, 68, 76, 69, 34, 66, 68, 236, 1, 4, 76, 69, 70, 84, 109, 5, 82, 73,
-    71, 72, 84, 6, 172, 1, 30, 65, 83, 72, 32, 70, 82, 79, 77, 32, 76, 69,
-    70, 84, 32, 77, 69, 77, 66, 69, 82, 32, 79, 70, 32, 68, 79, 85, 66, 76,
-    69, 196, 180, 13, 2, 73, 86, 191, 217, 3, 82, 2, 17, 2, 32, 86, 2, 181,
-    172, 17, 5, 69, 82, 84, 73, 67, 16, 18, 32, 119, 87, 6, 48, 6, 82, 73,
-    71, 72, 84, 32, 215, 170, 15, 84, 4, 130, 165, 15, 68, 203, 245, 1, 65,
-    12, 26, 87, 215, 216, 8, 32, 10, 29, 5, 65, 82, 68, 83, 32, 10, 82, 65,
-    0, 8, 68, 79, 85, 66, 76, 69, 32, 65, 153, 205, 7, 4, 83, 81, 85, 73, 4,
-    25, 4, 82, 82, 79, 87, 5, 233, 211, 15, 2, 32, 70, 6, 92, 5, 73, 79, 78,
-    32, 66, 144, 153, 17, 9, 32, 79, 70, 32, 70, 79, 82, 84, 85, 199, 91, 85,
-    2, 131, 209, 9, 79, 4, 38, 76, 145, 209, 13, 3, 72, 79, 84, 2, 153, 251,
-    16, 2, 69, 84, 118, 34, 32, 229, 1, 3, 69, 82, 32, 14, 138, 1, 66, 140,
-    169, 10, 11, 68, 79, 85, 66, 76, 69, 32, 80, 82, 73, 77, 214, 246, 5, 65,
-    148, 109, 6, 75, 65, 86, 89, 75, 65, 139, 10, 76, 4, 38, 82, 149, 239, 4,
-    3, 65, 84, 84, 2, 213, 156, 17, 7, 73, 71, 72, 84, 78, 69, 83, 104, 152,
-    1, 5, 72, 65, 76, 70, 32, 92, 5, 76, 69, 70, 84, 32, 220, 2, 6, 82, 73,
-    71, 72, 84, 32, 210, 164, 15, 66, 74, 70, 154, 9, 79, 150, 13, 83, 63,
-    84, 8, 208, 137, 1, 7, 73, 78, 86, 69, 82, 83, 69, 238, 180, 14, 77, 162,
-    7, 66, 195, 153, 1, 67, 40, 174, 1, 66, 60, 8, 70, 79, 85, 78, 84, 65,
-    73, 78, 22, 80, 52, 12, 83, 69, 77, 73, 67, 73, 82, 67, 85, 76, 65, 82,
-    202, 1, 84, 232, 166, 11, 3, 67, 82, 65, 147, 144, 4, 81, 24, 56, 8, 65,
-    76, 76, 80, 79, 73, 78, 84, 227, 176, 15, 76, 2, 183, 215, 9, 32, 4, 176,
-    203, 14, 5, 65, 73, 78, 84, 66, 171, 109, 69, 2, 177, 173, 7, 5, 32, 65,
-    78, 84, 73, 40, 78, 83, 82, 84, 158, 168, 15, 66, 238, 3, 67, 130, 9, 68,
-    206, 1, 80, 39, 81, 6, 172, 172, 7, 11, 69, 77, 73, 67, 73, 82, 67, 85,
-    76, 65, 82, 131, 140, 8, 72, 4, 139, 185, 15, 82, 5, 149, 136, 17, 25,
-    32, 68, 73, 86, 73, 68, 69, 68, 32, 66, 89, 32, 72, 79, 82, 73, 90, 79,
-    78, 84, 65, 76, 32, 82, 85, 6, 18, 71, 23, 78, 2, 231, 205, 13, 71, 4,
-    140, 134, 17, 5, 65, 82, 32, 69, 67, 191, 100, 71, 114, 104, 12, 67, 73,
-    65, 78, 32, 76, 69, 84, 84, 69, 82, 32, 228, 1, 5, 68, 73, 65, 78, 32,
-    159, 157, 17, 73, 58, 206, 1, 77, 194, 130, 5, 75, 142, 175, 9, 66, 50,
-    84, 178, 251, 1, 65, 2, 69, 2, 78, 130, 248, 1, 68, 2, 71, 2, 72, 2, 73,
-    2, 74, 2, 76, 2, 80, 2, 81, 2, 82, 2, 83, 2, 85, 2, 87, 2, 88, 3, 90, 5,
-    171, 165, 18, 77, 54, 88, 7, 76, 69, 84, 84, 69, 82, 32, 253, 177, 14, 9,
-    84, 82, 73, 65, 78, 71, 85, 76, 65, 52, 198, 239, 12, 84, 254, 193, 1,
-    76, 154, 239, 1, 83, 226, 11, 65, 2, 69, 2, 78, 130, 248, 1, 66, 2, 67,
-    2, 68, 2, 70, 2, 71, 2, 73, 2, 75, 2, 77, 2, 79, 2, 81, 2, 82, 2, 85, 2,
-    86, 3, 89, 194, 53, 162, 1, 65, 242, 103, 69, 138, 103, 73, 254, 24, 79,
-    136, 112, 3, 82, 79, 32, 234, 3, 85, 164, 70, 7, 89, 65, 78, 77, 65, 82,
-    32, 246, 193, 14, 86, 186, 61, 77, 27, 87, 204, 23, 186, 1, 71, 62, 72,
-    130, 11, 75, 234, 3, 76, 156, 14, 2, 77, 77, 22, 78, 150, 17, 80, 118,
-    82, 174, 7, 83, 194, 7, 84, 196, 36, 3, 89, 65, 78, 132, 129, 1, 3, 88,
-    73, 77, 243, 151, 15, 67, 6, 156, 146, 17, 4, 73, 67, 32, 87, 226, 88,
-    78, 143, 53, 69, 166, 1, 84, 6, 65, 74, 65, 78, 73, 32, 133, 3, 10, 74,
-    79, 78, 71, 32, 84, 73, 76, 69, 32, 78, 38, 76, 166, 2, 83, 167, 220, 12,
-    65, 72, 88, 6, 69, 84, 84, 69, 82, 32, 137, 149, 11, 10, 73, 71, 65, 84,
-    85, 82, 69, 32, 83, 72, 70, 202, 173, 3, 78, 138, 208, 10, 82, 242, 55,
-    68, 46, 84, 206, 160, 3, 66, 2, 67, 2, 71, 2, 74, 2, 75, 2, 80, 254, 68,
-    72, 2, 76, 2, 77, 2, 83, 2, 86, 186, 2, 65, 2, 69, 2, 73, 2, 79, 3, 85,
-    4, 174, 227, 6, 69, 177, 211, 7, 5, 73, 71, 78, 32, 78, 88, 236, 1, 2,
-    66, 65, 38, 69, 46, 70, 46, 78, 42, 79, 46, 80, 22, 83, 118, 84, 194, 1,
-    87, 112, 5, 71, 82, 69, 69, 78, 0, 3, 82, 69, 68, 168, 128, 6, 3, 65, 85,
-    84, 210, 21, 74, 141, 215, 10, 11, 67, 72, 82, 89, 83, 65, 78, 84, 72,
-    69, 77, 4, 254, 173, 1, 77, 235, 232, 16, 67, 8, 228, 2, 4, 73, 71, 72,
-    84, 195, 1, 65, 12, 172, 2, 2, 73, 86, 13, 3, 79, 85, 82, 8, 192, 1, 2,
-    79, 82, 65, 2, 73, 78, 8, 218, 1, 78, 237, 197, 11, 3, 82, 67, 72, 2,
-    187, 240, 16, 76, 18, 88, 2, 79, 85, 76, 4, 69, 86, 69, 78, 0, 2, 73, 88,
-    162, 244, 11, 85, 235, 193, 1, 80, 2, 157, 2, 2, 84, 72, 12, 36, 3, 72,
-    82, 69, 13, 2, 87, 79, 6, 11, 69, 6, 25, 4, 32, 79, 70, 32, 6, 46, 67,
-    173, 238, 6, 5, 66, 65, 77, 66, 79, 4, 180, 132, 6, 2, 73, 82, 145, 148,
-    10, 5, 72, 65, 82, 65, 67, 6, 50, 69, 60, 4, 72, 73, 84, 69, 163, 222,
-    16, 73, 2, 17, 2, 83, 84, 2, 17, 2, 32, 87, 2, 171, 135, 17, 73, 2, 17,
-    2, 32, 68, 2, 227, 221, 16, 82, 52, 52, 5, 65, 83, 65, 82, 32, 157, 206,
-    14, 2, 69, 77, 50, 162, 1, 69, 40, 7, 76, 69, 84, 84, 69, 82, 32, 152, 1,
-    5, 80, 65, 83, 83, 73, 32, 11, 86, 79, 87, 69, 76, 32, 83, 73, 71, 78,
-    32, 173, 136, 18, 3, 65, 78, 71, 2, 213, 159, 15, 5, 78, 68, 32, 79, 70,
-    36, 162, 155, 16, 78, 242, 244, 1, 66, 2, 67, 2, 68, 2, 71, 2, 74, 2, 75,
-    2, 76, 2, 77, 2, 80, 2, 82, 2, 83, 2, 84, 2, 86, 2, 89, 187, 2, 65, 2,
-    11, 77, 2, 227, 184, 17, 66, 8, 146, 145, 18, 69, 2, 73, 2, 79, 3, 85,
-    246, 1, 80, 7, 65, 89, 65, 76, 65, 77, 32, 208, 11, 2, 69, 32, 225, 1, 3,
-    84, 69, 83, 236, 1, 190, 1, 65, 22, 68, 44, 9, 70, 82, 65, 67, 84, 73,
-    79, 78, 32, 240, 1, 7, 76, 69, 84, 84, 69, 82, 32, 164, 5, 7, 78, 85, 77,
-    66, 69, 82, 32, 36, 5, 83, 73, 71, 78, 32, 143, 144, 13, 86, 2, 227, 142,
-    13, 85, 22, 172, 146, 8, 2, 65, 84, 251, 141, 8, 73, 26, 56, 4, 79, 78,
-    69, 32, 121, 6, 84, 72, 82, 69, 69, 32, 18, 82, 84, 142, 128, 5, 83, 202,
-    219, 7, 70, 58, 79, 170, 176, 3, 69, 46, 72, 43, 81, 4, 254, 222, 12, 87,
-    239, 174, 3, 69, 8, 166, 128, 5, 83, 174, 223, 7, 69, 110, 84, 163, 174,
-    3, 81, 132, 1, 226, 1, 65, 82, 67, 158, 1, 68, 78, 84, 82, 86, 222, 221,
-    12, 78, 230, 46, 76, 210, 90, 82, 130, 81, 85, 158, 144, 1, 79, 182, 56,
-    73, 202, 190, 1, 83, 82, 66, 2, 71, 2, 74, 2, 75, 2, 80, 162, 7, 69, 222,
-    61, 72, 2, 77, 3, 89, 11, 148, 206, 15, 7, 82, 67, 72, 65, 73, 67, 32,
-    158, 188, 2, 65, 2, 73, 3, 85, 22, 26, 72, 203, 137, 18, 65, 20, 44, 5,
-    73, 76, 76, 85, 32, 155, 137, 18, 65, 18, 226, 211, 12, 76, 182, 189, 3,
-    78, 178, 191, 1, 82, 210, 56, 75, 2, 77, 3, 89, 10, 164, 198, 10, 4, 79,
-    84, 32, 82, 238, 250, 6, 68, 254, 68, 72, 187, 2, 65, 10, 38, 84, 158,
-    133, 18, 72, 187, 2, 65, 6, 154, 133, 18, 72, 2, 84, 187, 2, 65, 12, 250,
-    225, 3, 69, 206, 193, 10, 79, 231, 227, 3, 65, 6, 158, 222, 12, 79, 231,
-    215, 3, 84, 18, 50, 67, 114, 86, 194, 158, 14, 65, 179, 162, 3, 80, 6,
-    54, 79, 120, 5, 73, 82, 67, 85, 76, 215, 158, 14, 65, 2, 185, 142, 13, 9,
-    77, 66, 73, 78, 73, 78, 71, 32, 65, 6, 60, 9, 69, 82, 84, 73, 67, 65, 76,
-    32, 66, 255, 193, 17, 73, 2, 17, 2, 65, 82, 2, 233, 163, 12, 2, 32, 86,
-    8, 80, 12, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32, 83, 84, 82, 79, 75, 69, 32, 70, 65, 219,
-    252, 16, 83, 4, 64, 10, 65, 78, 68, 32, 77, 65, 76, 69, 32, 65, 219, 252,
-    16, 83, 2, 25, 4, 78, 68, 32, 70, 2, 11, 69, 2, 11, 77, 2, 199, 190, 7,
-    65, 2, 231, 196, 16, 69, 2, 199, 131, 16, 79, 185, 1, 210, 1, 32, 220, 2,
-    5, 68, 65, 73, 67, 32, 220, 3, 8, 73, 67, 72, 65, 69, 65, 78, 32, 222, 8,
-    83, 200, 165, 2, 3, 85, 65, 76, 166, 181, 10, 65, 220, 168, 1, 8, 84, 69,
-    76, 80, 73, 69, 67, 69, 147, 207, 3, 71, 12, 132, 1, 3, 73, 78, 32, 128,
-    1, 5, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32, 196, 146, 2, 3, 68, 65, 78, 169, 194, 12, 8,
-    65, 78, 68, 32, 87, 79, 77, 65, 4, 208, 240, 9, 19, 66, 85, 83, 73, 78,
-    69, 83, 83, 32, 83, 85, 73, 84, 32, 76, 69, 86, 73, 84, 209, 148, 1, 4,
-    84, 85, 88, 69, 4, 204, 195, 13, 8, 71, 85, 65, 32, 80, 73, 32, 77, 213,
-    243, 2, 4, 84, 85, 82, 66, 58, 136, 1, 7, 76, 69, 84, 84, 69, 82, 32,
-    230, 209, 10, 71, 176, 184, 3, 3, 86, 79, 67, 146, 70, 80, 177, 195, 2,
-    6, 65, 70, 70, 82, 73, 67, 50, 82, 65, 176, 1, 2, 68, 85, 2, 85, 28, 3,
-    72, 65, 76, 22, 73, 167, 180, 17, 75, 38, 154, 1, 75, 150, 198, 12, 84,
-    226, 193, 1, 83, 194, 163, 3, 73, 214, 79, 66, 2, 68, 2, 71, 2, 72, 2,
-    76, 2, 77, 2, 78, 2, 80, 2, 81, 2, 82, 3, 90, 5, 207, 248, 17, 83, 2,
-    253, 239, 7, 2, 83, 72, 2, 159, 248, 17, 81, 4, 194, 250, 17, 78, 3, 84,
-    102, 216, 1, 7, 76, 69, 84, 84, 69, 82, 32, 194, 4, 78, 80, 12, 80, 85,
-    78, 67, 84, 85, 65, 84, 73, 79, 78, 32, 220, 1, 4, 83, 73, 71, 78, 185,
-    172, 10, 16, 65, 66, 66, 82, 69, 86, 73, 65, 84, 73, 79, 78, 32, 77, 65,
-    82, 72, 218, 1, 65, 46, 66, 38, 68, 30, 71, 30, 74, 2, 90, 30, 75, 30,
-    81, 38, 83, 50, 84, 54, 88, 238, 154, 6, 76, 254, 194, 1, 82, 238, 213,
-    2, 89, 154, 193, 1, 72, 166, 255, 4, 78, 254, 1, 87, 202, 103, 70, 2, 80,
-    171, 4, 77, 6, 206, 180, 10, 76, 122, 65, 239, 193, 6, 89, 4, 238, 200,
-    12, 72, 211, 174, 3, 69, 4, 206, 156, 6, 65, 23, 72, 4, 246, 179, 10, 72,
-    15, 73, 4, 178, 180, 10, 72, 15, 65, 4, 246, 251, 11, 72, 15, 65, 4, 162,
-    156, 6, 72, 199, 223, 5, 79, 8, 250, 176, 10, 83, 154, 3, 65, 191, 193,
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-    11, 65, 3, 79, 10, 33, 6, 85, 77, 66, 69, 82, 32, 10, 186, 179, 10, 79,
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-    2, 65, 4, 254, 210, 15, 73, 187, 2, 65, 2, 223, 210, 15, 73, 6, 170, 193,
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-    73, 82, 71, 65, 32, 245, 190, 1, 8, 79, 68, 79, 32, 83, 79, 70, 84, 2,
-    209, 141, 15, 9, 76, 69, 32, 66, 73, 82, 71, 65, 32, 2, 33, 6, 87, 73,
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-    76, 10, 96, 9, 71, 82, 65, 77, 32, 70, 79, 82, 32, 224, 251, 3, 5, 83,
-    84, 65, 66, 76, 235, 166, 9, 82, 6, 26, 89, 243, 136, 12, 69, 4, 190,
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-    2, 147, 247, 2, 77, 8, 50, 32, 52, 4, 73, 90, 69, 68, 155, 192, 14, 87,
-    4, 230, 173, 8, 66, 133, 232, 5, 4, 83, 67, 79, 79, 2, 205, 168, 3, 7,
-    32, 87, 72, 69, 69, 76, 67, 18, 52, 2, 78, 84, 152, 1, 2, 83, 69, 247,
-    200, 15, 84, 10, 48, 3, 65, 73, 78, 185, 224, 11, 3, 32, 70, 85, 9, 11,
-    32, 6, 222, 166, 9, 82, 24, 5, 67, 65, 66, 76, 69, 137, 235, 1, 6, 66,
-    73, 67, 89, 67, 76, 7, 11, 32, 4, 160, 185, 14, 2, 84, 82, 219, 83, 70,
-    86, 52, 7, 76, 69, 84, 84, 69, 82, 32, 191, 211, 5, 68, 62, 198, 1, 75,
-    62, 77, 34, 78, 34, 79, 30, 80, 34, 84, 246, 104, 68, 220, 231, 7, 2, 72,
-    65, 2, 82, 158, 180, 1, 69, 190, 29, 83, 150, 90, 76, 246, 7, 67, 246,
-    162, 4, 89, 190, 28, 66, 2, 87, 187, 2, 65, 6, 180, 154, 5, 2, 69, 65,
-    182, 238, 5, 72, 231, 190, 4, 79, 4, 230, 180, 15, 65, 215, 1, 73, 4,
-    158, 247, 14, 73, 255, 59, 71, 7, 210, 198, 15, 76, 3, 79, 4, 222, 178,
-    15, 72, 219, 19, 65, 6, 214, 246, 8, 72, 170, 204, 6, 69, 155, 3, 65,
-    204, 4, 44, 2, 76, 84, 238, 6, 83, 159, 175, 13, 67, 102, 36, 4, 65, 78,
-    73, 32, 223, 2, 73, 76, 52, 7, 76, 69, 84, 84, 69, 82, 32, 211, 139, 4,
-    83, 74, 210, 1, 68, 222, 82, 78, 158, 230, 1, 82, 230, 208, 1, 74, 166,
-    209, 7, 84, 206, 160, 3, 66, 2, 67, 2, 71, 2, 75, 2, 80, 254, 68, 72, 2,
-    76, 2, 77, 2, 83, 2, 86, 2, 89, 186, 2, 65, 2, 69, 2, 73, 3, 85, 10, 38,
-    68, 162, 192, 15, 72, 187, 2, 65, 6, 158, 192, 15, 68, 2, 72, 187, 2, 65,
-    26, 56, 2, 80, 76, 236, 2, 3, 83, 69, 84, 183, 174, 14, 77, 18, 50, 69,
-    89, 8, 73, 67, 65, 84, 73, 79, 78, 32, 2, 41, 8, 32, 77, 85, 83, 73, 67,
-    65, 76, 2, 21, 3, 32, 78, 79, 2, 155, 173, 14, 84, 16, 40, 4, 83, 73, 71,
-    78, 191, 192, 15, 88, 15, 11, 32, 12, 48, 3, 73, 78, 32, 81, 5, 87, 73,
-    84, 72, 32, 8, 166, 199, 3, 76, 22, 82, 140, 246, 8, 5, 68, 79, 85, 66,
-    76, 235, 222, 1, 84, 4, 210, 246, 11, 85, 167, 200, 2, 68, 7, 11, 32, 4,
-    232, 82, 5, 77, 85, 76, 84, 73, 207, 209, 11, 85, 226, 3, 32, 2, 73, 67,
-    247, 152, 3, 72, 224, 3, 30, 32, 101, 3, 65, 76, 32, 6, 76, 4, 78, 65,
-    84, 85, 200, 43, 2, 70, 76, 181, 229, 10, 4, 83, 72, 65, 82, 2, 239, 165,
-    10, 82, 218, 3, 64, 8, 75, 69, 89, 66, 79, 65, 82, 68, 74, 83, 155, 239,
-    3, 78, 5, 41, 8, 32, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32, 74, 65, 2, 209, 254, 14, 2, 67,
-    75, 212, 3, 48, 6, 89, 77, 66, 79, 76, 32, 135, 131, 11, 67, 210, 3, 230,
-    2, 66, 238, 1, 67, 226, 9, 68, 242, 2, 69, 162, 1, 70, 166, 2, 71, 112,
-    9, 65, 82, 80, 69, 71, 71, 73, 65, 84, 168, 1, 2, 72, 65, 126, 75, 198,
-    3, 76, 138, 1, 77, 190, 2, 78, 162, 1, 79, 218, 2, 80, 200, 2, 2, 81, 85,
-    146, 2, 82, 190, 2, 83, 230, 5, 84, 182, 10, 86, 42, 88, 42, 87, 180,
-    233, 8, 9, 73, 78, 86, 69, 82, 84, 69, 68, 32, 163, 151, 6, 90, 20, 36,
-    5, 69, 71, 73, 78, 32, 59, 82, 8, 130, 15, 80, 30, 83, 182, 224, 7, 66,
-    187, 173, 7, 84, 12, 24, 2, 65, 67, 35, 69, 4, 218, 130, 15, 75, 143, 53,
-    69, 8, 26, 86, 223, 245, 14, 65, 6, 32, 2, 73, 83, 139, 183, 15, 69, 5,
-    171, 26, 32, 84, 120, 2, 65, 69, 30, 76, 94, 79, 194, 7, 82, 234, 11, 32,
-    224, 32, 7, 73, 82, 67, 76, 69, 32, 88, 145, 200, 5, 2, 85, 84, 2, 197,
-    241, 14, 2, 83, 85, 8, 42, 73, 245, 23, 5, 85, 83, 84, 69, 82, 4, 26, 77,
-    175, 152, 13, 86, 2, 207, 177, 9, 65, 64, 26, 77, 179, 178, 15, 68, 62,
-    64, 7, 66, 73, 78, 73, 78, 71, 32, 185, 251, 5, 3, 77, 79, 78, 60, 202,
-    1, 65, 80, 7, 77, 65, 82, 67, 65, 84, 79, 56, 2, 68, 79, 56, 2, 85, 80,
-    28, 2, 70, 76, 40, 5, 72, 65, 82, 77, 79, 22, 83, 142, 2, 84, 202, 154,
-    7, 66, 140, 180, 3, 2, 76, 79, 183, 222, 4, 82, 6, 76, 5, 67, 67, 69, 78,
-    84, 37, 10, 85, 71, 77, 69, 78, 84, 65, 84, 73, 79, 5, 205, 2, 5, 45, 83,
-    84, 65, 67, 2, 231, 160, 14, 78, 6, 52, 2, 87, 78, 168, 3, 2, 85, 66,
-    199, 145, 15, 73, 2, 137, 151, 14, 2, 32, 66, 12, 136, 76, 2, 65, 71,
-    231, 228, 14, 73, 2, 231, 137, 14, 78, 12, 132, 1, 9, 78, 65, 80, 32, 80,
-    73, 90, 90, 73, 22, 84, 236, 187, 4, 11, 80, 82, 69, 67, 72, 71, 69, 83,
-    65, 78, 71, 255, 238, 5, 77, 2, 191, 206, 11, 67, 6, 44, 5, 65, 67, 67,
-    65, 84, 159, 158, 15, 69, 4, 40, 4, 73, 83, 83, 73, 203, 174, 15, 79, 2,
-    211, 143, 15, 77, 10, 34, 82, 253, 225, 11, 2, 69, 78, 8, 28, 2, 73, 80,
-    191, 6, 69, 2, 133, 205, 11, 6, 76, 69, 32, 84, 79, 78, 4, 22, 79, 191,
-    2, 69, 2, 159, 161, 14, 73, 24, 98, 65, 142, 1, 69, 84, 6, 79, 85, 66,
-    76, 69, 32, 213, 249, 9, 7, 82, 85, 77, 32, 67, 76, 69, 10, 96, 2, 32,
-    67, 20, 2, 77, 80, 196, 29, 4, 83, 72, 69, 68, 233, 228, 14, 5, 76, 32,
-    83, 69, 71, 2, 223, 164, 8, 65, 5, 255, 166, 13, 32, 4, 52, 3, 67, 82,
-    69, 241, 201, 8, 4, 71, 82, 69, 69, 2, 157, 25, 3, 83, 67, 69, 6, 246,
-    21, 83, 250, 6, 66, 131, 244, 4, 70, 14, 32, 3, 78, 68, 32, 155, 16, 73,
-    10, 74, 80, 30, 83, 208, 13, 3, 79, 70, 32, 230, 210, 7, 66, 187, 173, 7,
-    84, 2, 145, 153, 12, 2, 72, 82, 2, 215, 176, 14, 76, 34, 104, 6, 69, 82,
-    77, 65, 84, 65, 22, 73, 122, 79, 102, 32, 144, 36, 3, 85, 83, 65, 157,
-    221, 3, 2, 76, 65, 5, 195, 129, 13, 32, 10, 22, 78, 135, 34, 86, 8, 56,
-    9, 71, 69, 82, 69, 68, 32, 84, 82, 69, 235, 20, 65, 6, 185, 215, 5, 4,
-    77, 79, 76, 79, 6, 208, 25, 3, 85, 82, 45, 147, 201, 13, 82, 18, 54, 32,
-    56, 7, 76, 73, 83, 83, 65, 78, 68, 23, 82, 6, 25, 4, 67, 76, 69, 70, 7,
-    161, 13, 3, 32, 79, 84, 4, 163, 235, 5, 79, 8, 84, 9, 65, 67, 69, 32, 78,
-    79, 84, 69, 32, 37, 8, 69, 71, 79, 82, 73, 65, 78, 32, 4, 132, 196, 8, 2,
-    78, 79, 27, 83, 4, 250, 2, 67, 3, 70, 8, 44, 3, 76, 70, 32, 209, 8, 3,
-    85, 80, 84, 6, 52, 3, 80, 69, 68, 246, 214, 3, 78, 163, 169, 3, 82, 2,
-    135, 175, 5, 65, 24, 48, 6, 73, 69, 86, 65, 78, 32, 147, 255, 13, 79, 22,
-    178, 1, 67, 46, 69, 68, 7, 81, 85, 65, 82, 84, 69, 82, 62, 70, 184, 211,
-    3, 4, 72, 65, 76, 70, 0, 5, 87, 72, 79, 76, 69, 253, 208, 1, 9, 82, 69,
-    67, 73, 84, 65, 84, 73, 86, 2, 11, 32, 2, 11, 67, 2, 171, 144, 5, 76, 6,
-    64, 5, 73, 71, 72, 84, 72, 253, 235, 13, 5, 78, 68, 32, 79, 70, 4, 165,
-    230, 5, 10, 32, 78, 79, 84, 69, 32, 83, 84, 69, 77, 4, 214, 14, 76, 225,
-    196, 3, 4, 73, 78, 65, 76, 8, 44, 4, 79, 78, 71, 65, 213, 13, 2, 69, 70,
-    7, 11, 32, 4, 28, 3, 73, 77, 80, 3, 80, 2, 197, 2, 7, 69, 82, 70, 69, 67,
-    84, 65, 18, 104, 2, 65, 88, 20, 2, 69, 90, 20, 5, 73, 78, 73, 77, 65, 48,
-    3, 79, 79, 78, 25, 4, 85, 76, 84, 73, 2, 135, 253, 14, 73, 2, 143, 255,
-    14, 90, 7, 11, 32, 4, 146, 250, 6, 82, 171, 153, 5, 66, 4, 185, 17, 2,
-    32, 78, 4, 60, 11, 80, 76, 69, 32, 77, 69, 65, 83, 85, 82, 69, 15, 32, 2,
-    11, 32, 2, 139, 249, 6, 82, 10, 120, 4, 69, 66, 69, 78, 208, 26, 3, 85,
-    76, 76, 148, 198, 5, 3, 65, 84, 85, 173, 176, 6, 7, 79, 84, 69, 72, 69,
-    65, 68, 2, 245, 131, 14, 4, 83, 84, 73, 77, 32, 88, 2, 78, 69, 120, 14,
-    82, 78, 65, 77, 69, 78, 84, 32, 83, 84, 82, 79, 75, 69, 107, 84, 6, 92,
-    18, 32, 72, 85, 78, 68, 82, 69, 68, 32, 84, 87, 69, 78, 84, 89, 45, 69,
-    73, 155, 20, 45, 4, 177, 13, 2, 71, 72, 22, 11, 45, 22, 250, 158, 3, 49,
-    206, 250, 11, 50, 2, 51, 2, 52, 2, 53, 2, 54, 2, 55, 2, 56, 3, 57, 4,
-    173, 4, 3, 84, 65, 86, 18, 96, 9, 65, 82, 69, 78, 84, 72, 69, 83, 73, 0,
-    2, 76, 85, 18, 69, 142, 1, 79, 247, 145, 13, 73, 2, 239, 22, 83, 6, 68,
-    4, 68, 65, 76, 32, 49, 9, 83, 32, 83, 85, 66, 80, 85, 78, 67, 4, 26, 85,
-    219, 213, 14, 77, 2, 191, 213, 14, 80, 2, 247, 249, 12, 84, 6, 48, 2, 68,
-    65, 237, 5, 5, 82, 82, 69, 67, 84, 2, 175, 147, 13, 84, 12, 76, 6, 65,
-    82, 84, 69, 82, 32, 125, 9, 73, 78, 68, 73, 67, 69, 83, 73, 77, 8, 60, 5,
-    84, 79, 78, 69, 32, 138, 200, 3, 78, 163, 169, 3, 82, 4, 26, 83, 251,
-    250, 4, 70, 2, 205, 148, 15, 3, 72, 65, 82, 4, 17, 2, 65, 32, 4, 138,
-    240, 11, 65, 217, 161, 3, 3, 66, 65, 83, 14, 22, 69, 167, 1, 73, 10, 72,
-    4, 80, 69, 65, 84, 73, 10, 86, 69, 82, 83, 69, 32, 70, 73, 78, 65, 8,
-    152, 195, 5, 9, 69, 68, 32, 70, 73, 71, 85, 82, 69, 191, 130, 8, 32, 2,
-    211, 4, 76, 4, 48, 2, 71, 72, 57, 6, 78, 70, 79, 82, 90, 65, 2, 33, 6,
-    84, 32, 82, 69, 80, 69, 2, 131, 251, 9, 65, 2, 155, 151, 8, 78, 48, 136,
-    1, 6, 67, 65, 78, 68, 73, 67, 62, 69, 166, 1, 72, 54, 73, 252, 1, 6, 81,
-    85, 65, 82, 69, 32, 204, 128, 8, 2, 85, 66, 239, 2, 79, 4, 17, 2, 85, 83,
-    5, 173, 141, 13, 5, 32, 70, 76, 69, 88, 14, 32, 2, 77, 73, 195, 230, 14,
-    71, 12, 64, 6, 66, 82, 69, 86, 73, 83, 1, 6, 77, 73, 78, 73, 77, 65, 6,
-    11, 32, 6, 138, 13, 87, 166, 222, 6, 82, 171, 153, 5, 66, 6, 84, 3, 79,
-    82, 84, 169, 211, 5, 3, 65, 82, 80, 14, 32, 4, 78, 71, 76, 69, 43, 88, 2,
-    17, 2, 32, 66, 2, 155, 169, 13, 65, 12, 18, 45, 79, 84, 4, 242, 7, 76,
-    213, 238, 13, 11, 83, 84, 82, 73, 78, 71, 32, 70, 82, 69, 84, 8, 52, 3,
-    69, 69, 78, 1, 6, 89, 45, 70, 79, 85, 82, 4, 193, 12, 2, 84, 72, 6, 26,
-    78, 135, 140, 15, 66, 4, 229, 9, 7, 79, 84, 69, 72, 69, 65, 68, 60, 132,
-    1, 6, 69, 77, 80, 85, 83, 32, 154, 4, 72, 88, 2, 87, 79, 84, 7, 79, 82,
-    67, 85, 76, 85, 83, 46, 82, 141, 3, 3, 85, 82, 78, 16, 232, 1, 27, 73,
-    77, 80, 69, 82, 70, 69, 67, 84, 85, 77, 32, 67, 85, 77, 32, 80, 82, 79,
-    76, 65, 84, 73, 79, 78, 69, 32, 129, 1, 25, 80, 69, 82, 70, 69, 67, 84,
-    85, 77, 32, 67, 85, 77, 32, 80, 82, 79, 76, 65, 84, 73, 79, 78, 69, 32,
-    10, 60, 10, 73, 77, 80, 69, 82, 70, 69, 67, 84, 65, 131, 1, 80, 9, 169,
-    184, 5, 11, 32, 68, 73, 77, 73, 78, 85, 84, 73, 79, 78, 6, 60, 3, 73, 77,
-    80, 41, 8, 80, 69, 82, 70, 69, 67, 84, 65, 2, 213, 226, 14, 5, 69, 82,
-    70, 69, 67, 5, 145, 163, 8, 12, 32, 68, 73, 77, 73, 78, 85, 84, 73, 79,
-    78, 45, 6, 72, 2, 82, 69, 249, 5, 11, 73, 82, 84, 89, 45, 83, 69, 67, 79,
-    78, 68, 2, 11, 69, 2, 11, 45, 2, 11, 76, 2, 37, 7, 73, 78, 69, 32, 83,
-    84, 65, 2, 147, 132, 14, 70, 5, 173, 168, 11, 6, 32, 82, 69, 83, 85, 80,
-    27, 33, 6, 73, 65, 78, 71, 76, 69, 24, 128, 1, 10, 32, 78, 79, 84, 69,
-    72, 69, 65, 68, 32, 61, 17, 45, 82, 79, 85, 78, 68, 32, 78, 79, 84, 69,
-    72, 69, 65, 68, 32, 68, 20, 58, 68, 24, 3, 85, 80, 32, 38, 82, 25, 3, 76,
-    69, 70, 4, 93, 3, 79, 87, 78, 8, 34, 82, 78, 87, 207, 247, 11, 66, 4, 21,
-    3, 73, 71, 72, 4, 11, 84, 4, 11, 32, 4, 26, 87, 207, 247, 11, 66, 2, 11,
-    72, 2, 187, 189, 13, 73, 7, 11, 32, 4, 222, 160, 8, 83, 223, 224, 6, 85,
-    4, 36, 3, 79, 73, 68, 187, 190, 14, 73, 2, 221, 178, 12, 5, 32, 78, 79,
-    84, 69, 6, 92, 4, 72, 79, 76, 69, 157, 174, 8, 13, 73, 84, 72, 32, 70,
-    73, 78, 71, 69, 82, 78, 65, 73, 4, 11, 32, 4, 246, 178, 3, 78, 163, 169,
-    3, 82, 192, 3, 252, 1, 15, 67, 79, 78, 83, 79, 78, 65, 78, 84, 32, 83,
-    73, 71, 78, 32, 254, 1, 76, 216, 14, 16, 77, 79, 68, 73, 70, 73, 69, 82,
-    32, 76, 69, 84, 84, 69, 82, 32, 122, 83, 166, 10, 84, 216, 1, 11, 86, 79,
-    87, 69, 76, 32, 83, 73, 71, 78, 32, 223, 241, 12, 68, 16, 66, 77, 165, 1,
-    11, 83, 72, 65, 78, 32, 77, 69, 68, 73, 65, 76, 14, 80, 6, 69, 68, 73,
-    65, 76, 32, 45, 10, 79, 78, 32, 77, 69, 68, 73, 65, 76, 32, 8, 238, 249,
-    14, 72, 2, 82, 2, 87, 3, 89, 6, 194, 249, 14, 76, 2, 77, 3, 78, 2, 219,
-    182, 10, 32, 238, 1, 104, 6, 69, 84, 84, 69, 82, 32, 189, 13, 15, 79, 71,
-    79, 71, 82, 65, 77, 32, 75, 72, 65, 77, 84, 73, 32, 232, 1, 242, 1, 65,
-    50, 69, 146, 1, 71, 50, 75, 254, 1, 77, 134, 1, 78, 58, 82, 86, 83, 130,
-    3, 84, 198, 1, 87, 242, 133, 11, 68, 190, 4, 86, 214, 20, 85, 210, 200,
-    1, 73, 42, 76, 242, 190, 1, 66, 2, 67, 2, 74, 2, 80, 254, 68, 72, 2, 89,
-    187, 2, 79, 7, 140, 174, 14, 4, 73, 84, 79, 78, 207, 74, 85, 9, 77, 17,
-    65, 83, 84, 69, 82, 78, 32, 80, 87, 79, 32, 75, 65, 82, 69, 78, 32, 6,
-    42, 71, 182, 178, 10, 89, 187, 138, 3, 78, 2, 179, 178, 10, 72, 6, 214,
-    163, 9, 82, 142, 209, 5, 72, 187, 2, 65, 44, 32, 2, 72, 65, 203, 246, 14,
-    65, 43, 25, 4, 77, 84, 73, 32, 40, 134, 1, 68, 34, 84, 162, 191, 8, 78,
-    178, 238, 5, 67, 2, 72, 2, 74, 158, 37, 76, 226, 31, 70, 2, 71, 2, 82, 2,
-    83, 2, 88, 3, 90, 6, 238, 173, 14, 68, 255, 68, 72, 4, 207, 173, 14, 84,
-    12, 36, 3, 79, 78, 32, 203, 244, 14, 65, 10, 60, 2, 66, 66, 206, 252, 12,
-    74, 134, 181, 1, 78, 187, 66, 69, 4, 134, 244, 14, 65, 3, 69, 10, 134,
-    190, 8, 78, 174, 179, 6, 71, 2, 89, 187, 2, 65, 4, 196, 214, 2, 12, 85,
-    77, 65, 73, 32, 80, 65, 76, 65, 85, 78, 71, 239, 156, 12, 65, 50, 90, 72,
-    136, 215, 2, 9, 71, 65, 87, 32, 75, 65, 82, 69, 78, 198, 152, 12, 83,
-    187, 2, 65, 44, 66, 65, 197, 1, 11, 87, 69, 32, 80, 65, 76, 65, 85, 78,
-    71, 32, 41, 17, 2, 78, 32, 38, 134, 1, 78, 234, 248, 12, 74, 2, 80, 2,
-    84, 138, 176, 1, 66, 2, 67, 2, 71, 2, 75, 254, 68, 68, 2, 70, 2, 72, 2,
-    90, 187, 2, 65, 6, 234, 237, 14, 78, 2, 89, 187, 2, 65, 4, 190, 248, 12,
-    67, 3, 83, 36, 38, 65, 134, 168, 14, 84, 255, 68, 72, 31, 41, 8, 73, 32,
-    76, 65, 73, 78, 71, 32, 28, 82, 78, 142, 134, 11, 68, 250, 160, 3, 66, 2,
-    71, 2, 74, 158, 37, 76, 227, 31, 70, 4, 254, 235, 14, 78, 3, 89, 6, 92,
-    17, 69, 83, 84, 69, 82, 78, 32, 80, 87, 79, 32, 75, 65, 82, 69, 78, 32,
-    191, 237, 14, 65, 4, 190, 168, 10, 80, 195, 205, 2, 84, 6, 170, 225, 13,
-    79, 154, 60, 81, 255, 62, 72, 4, 56, 6, 75, 72, 65, 77, 84, 73, 1, 4, 83,
-    72, 65, 78, 2, 29, 5, 32, 82, 69, 68, 85, 2, 133, 132, 1, 2, 80, 76, 90,
-    88, 4, 73, 71, 78, 32, 232, 6, 6, 89, 77, 66, 79, 76, 32, 145, 143, 9, 3,
-    72, 65, 78, 52, 202, 3, 65, 32, 12, 75, 72, 65, 77, 84, 73, 32, 84, 79,
-    78, 69, 45, 30, 83, 132, 2, 15, 84, 65, 73, 32, 76, 65, 73, 78, 71, 32,
-    84, 79, 78, 69, 45, 28, 22, 87, 69, 83, 84, 69, 82, 78, 32, 80, 87, 79,
-    32, 75, 65, 82, 69, 78, 32, 84, 79, 78, 69, 154, 238, 2, 68, 128, 145, 5,
-    19, 82, 85, 77, 65, 73, 32, 80, 65, 76, 65, 85, 78, 71, 32, 84, 79, 78,
-    69, 45, 156, 151, 3, 9, 80, 65, 79, 32, 75, 65, 82, 69, 78, 160, 91, 6,
-    76, 73, 84, 84, 76, 69, 159, 176, 2, 86, 4, 250, 211, 13, 83, 243, 78,
-    78, 4, 170, 231, 14, 49, 3, 51, 18, 40, 4, 72, 65, 78, 32, 151, 150, 14,
-    69, 16, 84, 8, 67, 79, 85, 78, 67, 73, 76, 32, 84, 5, 84, 79, 78, 69, 45,
-    159, 231, 13, 83, 6, 204, 151, 11, 8, 69, 77, 80, 72, 65, 84, 73, 67,
-    189, 205, 3, 4, 84, 79, 78, 69, 8, 182, 229, 14, 50, 2, 51, 2, 53, 3, 54,
-    4, 138, 229, 14, 50, 3, 53, 10, 11, 45, 10, 226, 228, 14, 49, 2, 50, 2,
-    51, 2, 52, 3, 53, 18, 130, 1, 65, 132, 1, 2, 76, 79, 28, 5, 83, 72, 65,
-    78, 32, 232, 148, 8, 4, 71, 69, 78, 73, 201, 85, 6, 67, 79, 77, 80, 76,
-    69, 8, 84, 5, 73, 84, 79, 78, 32, 217, 152, 6, 10, 70, 79, 82, 69, 77,
-    69, 78, 84, 73, 79, 6, 98, 69, 130, 213, 8, 84, 223, 243, 4, 79, 2, 129,
-    149, 8, 2, 67, 65, 4, 26, 69, 223, 200, 13, 79, 2, 205, 12, 4, 88, 67,
-    76, 65, 24, 140, 1, 20, 79, 78, 69, 32, 77, 65, 82, 75, 32, 83, 71, 65,
-    87, 32, 75, 65, 82, 69, 78, 32, 161, 139, 9, 8, 65, 73, 32, 76, 65, 73,
-    78, 71, 4, 42, 72, 253, 163, 10, 4, 75, 69, 32, 80, 2, 161, 188, 9, 2,
-    65, 84, 56, 154, 2, 65, 76, 9, 71, 69, 66, 65, 32, 75, 65, 82, 69, 20, 6,
-    75, 65, 89, 65, 72, 32, 40, 4, 77, 79, 78, 32, 34, 83, 154, 1, 69, 40,
-    18, 87, 69, 83, 84, 69, 82, 78, 32, 80, 87, 79, 32, 75, 65, 82, 69, 78,
-    32, 144, 146, 9, 2, 84, 65, 246, 228, 1, 86, 214, 20, 85, 211, 200, 1,
-    73, 8, 26, 73, 195, 221, 14, 65, 7, 25, 4, 84, 79, 78, 32, 4, 215, 214,
-    12, 65, 2, 139, 157, 14, 78, 6, 166, 198, 14, 69, 2, 79, 215, 22, 85, 4,
-    250, 200, 14, 73, 219, 19, 79, 10, 72, 10, 71, 65, 87, 32, 75, 65, 82,
-    69, 78, 32, 21, 4, 72, 65, 78, 32, 2, 255, 182, 14, 69, 8, 54, 69, 20, 5,
-    70, 73, 78, 65, 76, 211, 216, 14, 65, 5, 179, 222, 13, 32, 2, 191, 201,
-    14, 32, 4, 138, 182, 14, 69, 151, 14, 85, 216, 17, 128, 2, 5, 45, 65, 82,
-    89, 32, 214, 4, 65, 242, 16, 66, 30, 69, 206, 31, 73, 136, 1, 3, 75, 79,
-    32, 154, 10, 79, 162, 24, 85, 224, 8, 22, 89, 73, 65, 75, 69, 78, 71, 32,
-    80, 85, 65, 67, 72, 85, 69, 32, 72, 77, 79, 78, 71, 32, 232, 246, 13, 2,
-    78, 66, 27, 76, 32, 130, 1, 67, 114, 84, 46, 83, 160, 1, 5, 85, 78, 73,
-    79, 78, 108, 4, 87, 72, 73, 84, 174, 168, 11, 76, 254, 16, 73, 135, 140,
-    2, 80, 8, 52, 7, 73, 82, 67, 76, 69, 68, 32, 147, 200, 13, 79, 6, 40, 2,
-    80, 76, 14, 84, 167, 244, 7, 68, 2, 35, 85, 2, 21, 3, 73, 77, 69, 2, 147,
-    172, 11, 83, 6, 40, 6, 81, 85, 65, 82, 69, 32, 87, 85, 4, 60, 9, 73, 78,
-    84, 69, 82, 83, 69, 67, 84, 1, 2, 85, 78, 2, 255, 146, 11, 73, 2, 11, 77,
-    2, 235, 168, 11, 77, 7, 69, 15, 32, 79, 80, 69, 82, 65, 84, 79, 82, 32,
-    87, 73, 84, 72, 32, 4, 198, 247, 10, 80, 211, 140, 3, 68, 2, 11, 69, 2,
-    145, 132, 12, 2, 32, 86, 188, 2, 170, 2, 66, 252, 4, 10, 71, 32, 77, 85,
-    78, 68, 65, 82, 73, 32, 154, 4, 73, 52, 2, 78, 68, 216, 4, 7, 84, 73, 79,
-    78, 65, 76, 32, 240, 206, 1, 2, 85, 83, 136, 236, 7, 5, 77, 69, 32, 66,
-    65, 148, 172, 3, 7, 90, 65, 82, 32, 65, 77, 85, 196, 157, 1, 8, 82, 82,
-    79, 87, 32, 78, 79, 45, 219, 62, 75, 82, 52, 7, 65, 84, 65, 69, 65, 78,
-    32, 219, 206, 14, 76, 80, 160, 1, 7, 76, 69, 84, 84, 69, 82, 32, 236, 2,
-    7, 78, 85, 77, 66, 69, 82, 32, 193, 207, 9, 16, 67, 82, 85, 67, 73, 70,
-    79, 82, 77, 32, 78, 85, 77, 66, 69, 82, 62, 236, 1, 6, 70, 73, 78, 65,
-    76, 32, 174, 253, 1, 84, 246, 118, 68, 34, 76, 50, 81, 206, 194, 1, 82,
-    134, 212, 2, 65, 50, 71, 90, 90, 34, 83, 66, 89, 154, 193, 1, 72, 234, 5,
-    75, 130, 76, 66, 190, 173, 4, 78, 254, 1, 87, 202, 103, 80, 171, 4, 77,
-    18, 138, 244, 2, 65, 54, 76, 174, 149, 4, 83, 190, 3, 89, 130, 199, 1,
-    75, 130, 76, 66, 190, 173, 4, 78, 198, 105, 72, 171, 4, 77, 16, 154, 245,
-    2, 84, 186, 151, 4, 79, 143, 211, 5, 70, 84, 84, 7, 76, 69, 84, 84, 69,
-    82, 32, 164, 2, 5, 83, 73, 71, 78, 32, 183, 219, 12, 68, 54, 42, 65, 50,
-    69, 66, 73, 50, 79, 47, 85, 11, 254, 185, 14, 78, 202, 17, 66, 2, 72, 3,
-    74, 15, 150, 211, 12, 78, 230, 110, 76, 242, 108, 84, 174, 28, 71, 3, 77,
-    11, 194, 132, 14, 68, 150, 70, 72, 2, 83, 3, 84, 11, 210, 201, 14, 78,
-    86, 76, 2, 80, 3, 89, 11, 250, 201, 14, 67, 2, 68, 2, 75, 3, 82, 10, 112,
-    2, 77, 85, 20, 3, 83, 85, 84, 172, 165, 2, 2, 73, 75, 184, 129, 9, 2, 79,
-    74, 137, 233, 2, 3, 84, 79, 89, 2, 255, 143, 14, 72, 2, 183, 199, 14, 85,
-    4, 236, 137, 11, 5, 76, 32, 80, 79, 76, 231, 2, 82, 133, 1, 41, 8, 73,
-    78, 65, 71, 65, 82, 73, 32, 130, 1, 140, 1, 7, 76, 69, 84, 84, 69, 82,
-    32, 252, 1, 5, 83, 73, 71, 78, 32, 52, 11, 86, 79, 87, 69, 76, 32, 83,
-    73, 71, 78, 32, 199, 207, 4, 72, 94, 214, 1, 86, 202, 164, 10, 82, 206,
-    55, 65, 38, 68, 46, 84, 230, 24, 85, 210, 200, 1, 73, 42, 76, 246, 189,
-    1, 78, 46, 83, 82, 66, 2, 67, 2, 71, 2, 74, 2, 75, 2, 80, 254, 68, 72, 2,
-    77, 2, 89, 186, 2, 69, 3, 79, 6, 242, 254, 4, 79, 243, 197, 9, 65, 10,
-    202, 205, 9, 83, 134, 144, 1, 65, 243, 163, 3, 86, 24, 210, 213, 4, 80,
-    190, 40, 86, 166, 225, 5, 65, 190, 21, 85, 210, 200, 1, 73, 206, 134, 2,
-    69, 3, 79, 4, 202, 47, 68, 191, 210, 13, 80, 4, 250, 194, 14, 83, 15, 72,
-    246, 4, 216, 1, 3, 71, 65, 84, 128, 7, 6, 73, 84, 72, 69, 82, 32, 194, 3,
-    83, 136, 1, 2, 85, 84, 242, 1, 87, 144, 16, 3, 88, 84, 32, 140, 150, 8,
-    4, 80, 84, 85, 78, 240, 239, 2, 2, 67, 75, 150, 141, 2, 82, 183, 144, 1,
-    76, 154, 1, 152, 1, 4, 73, 86, 69, 32, 245, 160, 12, 27, 69, 68, 32, 68,
-    79, 85, 66, 76, 69, 32, 86, 69, 82, 84, 73, 67, 65, 76, 32, 66, 65, 82,
-    32, 68, 79, 85, 66, 152, 1, 152, 1, 8, 67, 73, 82, 67, 76, 69, 68, 32,
-    216, 1, 9, 68, 73, 65, 71, 79, 78, 65, 76, 32, 196, 1, 8, 83, 81, 85, 65,
-    82, 69, 68, 32, 147, 170, 8, 65, 78, 104, 5, 68, 73, 71, 73, 84, 28, 7,
-    78, 85, 77, 66, 69, 82, 32, 142, 3, 76, 238, 150, 13, 84, 139, 3, 83, 2,
-    189, 209, 12, 2, 32, 90, 20, 50, 84, 218, 254, 1, 69, 46, 70, 42, 78, 31,
-    83, 6, 154, 128, 2, 72, 47, 87, 6, 38, 77, 234, 254, 12, 67, 191, 2, 68,
-    2, 49, 10, 73, 68, 68, 76, 69, 32, 82, 73, 71, 72, 2, 17, 2, 84, 32, 2,
-    25, 4, 84, 79, 32, 76, 2, 25, 4, 79, 87, 69, 82, 2, 169, 198, 11, 2, 32,
-    67, 66, 118, 76, 248, 229, 2, 4, 67, 82, 79, 83, 142, 138, 9, 81, 146,
-    144, 1, 65, 198, 19, 73, 2, 87, 170, 164, 1, 80, 3, 83, 52, 221, 209, 8,
-    6, 65, 84, 73, 78, 32, 67, 18, 158, 1, 65, 216, 1, 17, 71, 82, 69, 65,
-    84, 69, 82, 45, 84, 72, 65, 78, 32, 78, 79, 82, 32, 37, 14, 76, 69, 83,
-    83, 45, 84, 72, 65, 78, 32, 78, 79, 82, 32, 6, 92, 3, 32, 83, 85, 85, 16,
-    80, 80, 82, 79, 88, 73, 77, 65, 84, 69, 76, 89, 32, 78, 79, 82, 4, 30,
-    66, 1, 3, 80, 69, 82, 2, 253, 223, 6, 8, 83, 69, 84, 32, 79, 70, 32, 78,
-    2, 213, 48, 5, 32, 65, 67, 84, 85, 6, 250, 246, 7, 69, 191, 177, 4, 76,
-    6, 214, 246, 7, 69, 155, 177, 4, 71, 6, 26, 84, 199, 179, 12, 83, 4, 76,
-    5, 73, 78, 71, 32, 68, 145, 176, 10, 8, 32, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32, 69, 71,
-    2, 133, 228, 7, 2, 79, 76, 64, 40, 4, 82, 65, 76, 32, 203, 252, 13, 69,
-    62, 48, 6, 67, 72, 69, 83, 83, 32, 235, 247, 13, 70, 60, 74, 75, 134,
-    218, 12, 66, 38, 69, 130, 5, 80, 22, 81, 38, 82, 131, 2, 84, 20, 44, 5,
-    78, 73, 71, 72, 84, 151, 219, 12, 73, 15, 195, 219, 12, 32, 246, 2, 70,
-    32, 184, 8, 2, 65, 32, 248, 6, 3, 76, 73, 78, 183, 206, 3, 83, 174, 1,
-    90, 77, 64, 4, 83, 72, 69, 81, 20, 8, 84, 65, 73, 32, 76, 85, 69, 32,
-    183, 152, 13, 76, 4, 25, 4, 79, 79, 78, 32, 4, 234, 244, 7, 87, 171, 170,
-    5, 83, 2, 183, 154, 9, 69, 166, 1, 160, 1, 7, 76, 69, 84, 84, 69, 82, 32,
-    244, 2, 8, 83, 73, 71, 78, 32, 76, 65, 69, 22, 84, 76, 11, 86, 79, 87,
-    69, 76, 32, 83, 73, 71, 78, 32, 191, 190, 12, 68, 102, 76, 6, 70, 73, 78,
-    65, 76, 32, 68, 4, 72, 73, 71, 72, 1, 3, 76, 79, 87, 14, 198, 183, 12,
-    78, 150, 248, 1, 66, 2, 68, 2, 75, 2, 77, 3, 86, 44, 11, 32, 44, 146, 1,
-    75, 2, 88, 34, 83, 210, 222, 10, 78, 134, 135, 3, 84, 82, 80, 254, 68,
-    66, 2, 68, 2, 70, 2, 72, 2, 76, 2, 77, 2, 81, 2, 86, 3, 89, 4, 190, 171,
-    14, 86, 187, 2, 65, 4, 158, 171, 14, 85, 187, 2, 65, 5, 183, 173, 14, 86,
-    6, 224, 133, 7, 3, 79, 78, 69, 253, 76, 8, 72, 65, 77, 32, 68, 73, 71,
-    73, 34, 110, 65, 46, 73, 30, 79, 38, 85, 216, 231, 11, 11, 86, 79, 87,
-    69, 76, 32, 83, 72, 79, 82, 84, 167, 195, 2, 69, 8, 238, 184, 10, 65,
-    250, 242, 3, 69, 3, 89, 4, 186, 171, 14, 73, 3, 89, 9, 166, 184, 10, 65,
-    251, 242, 3, 89, 11, 130, 184, 10, 69, 250, 242, 3, 85, 3, 89, 194, 1,
-    182, 1, 68, 106, 71, 72, 7, 76, 69, 84, 84, 69, 82, 32, 214, 2, 83, 190,
-    23, 80, 202, 133, 1, 86, 138, 200, 7, 65, 144, 230, 1, 5, 73, 78, 83, 69,
-    82, 210, 142, 1, 67, 207, 186, 2, 79, 26, 64, 6, 79, 85, 66, 76, 69, 32,
-    214, 211, 4, 65, 239, 230, 7, 73, 4, 198, 211, 4, 68, 231, 137, 7, 67, 2,
-    11, 65, 2, 11, 80, 2, 17, 2, 32, 70, 2, 213, 224, 10, 2, 73, 76, 108,
-    218, 1, 78, 62, 86, 254, 188, 10, 65, 38, 68, 46, 84, 230, 24, 85, 210,
-    200, 1, 73, 202, 190, 1, 83, 82, 66, 2, 67, 2, 71, 2, 74, 2, 75, 2, 76,
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-    20, 44, 3, 71, 78, 32, 213, 128, 9, 2, 68, 68, 18, 210, 189, 10, 65, 74,
-    67, 98, 78, 230, 179, 1, 74, 228, 2, 5, 70, 73, 78, 65, 76, 50, 85, 211,
-    235, 1, 86, 4, 203, 248, 13, 69, 4, 250, 200, 9, 80, 171, 193, 3, 76, 6,
-    70, 78, 245, 141, 13, 11, 71, 72, 84, 32, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32, 83, 84, 4,
-    156, 217, 7, 7, 69, 32, 80, 79, 73, 78, 84, 131, 199, 6, 74, 124, 152, 1,
-    3, 67, 79, 77, 242, 2, 68, 78, 76, 156, 4, 4, 72, 73, 71, 72, 72, 7, 83,
-    89, 77, 66, 79, 76, 32, 238, 192, 7, 69, 133, 178, 1, 3, 84, 65, 77, 20,
-    52, 7, 66, 73, 78, 73, 78, 71, 32, 143, 158, 14, 77, 18, 116, 5, 76, 79,
-    78, 71, 32, 76, 2, 78, 65, 20, 6, 83, 72, 79, 82, 84, 32, 165, 158, 13,
-    6, 68, 79, 85, 66, 76, 69, 8, 130, 1, 72, 34, 76, 194, 207, 10, 82, 21,
-    7, 68, 69, 83, 67, 69, 78, 68, 2, 155, 172, 10, 83, 6, 34, 72, 34, 76,
-    195, 207, 10, 82, 2, 137, 208, 10, 3, 73, 71, 72, 2, 233, 207, 10, 2, 79,
-    87, 24, 152, 1, 4, 65, 78, 84, 65, 152, 133, 12, 4, 79, 82, 79, 77, 203,
-    41, 73, 70, 76, 4, 65, 74, 65, 78, 32, 6, 69, 84, 84, 69, 82, 32, 173, 3,
-    2, 79, 87, 2, 185, 213, 12, 3, 89, 65, 76, 66, 228, 1, 2, 68, 65, 42, 74,
-    90, 78, 206, 249, 9, 82, 158, 225, 1, 79, 198, 71, 67, 170, 183, 1, 69,
-    238, 18, 71, 242, 42, 66, 2, 70, 2, 72, 2, 75, 2, 76, 2, 77, 2, 80, 2,
-    83, 2, 84, 2, 87, 2, 89, 186, 2, 65, 2, 73, 3, 85, 5, 237, 248, 10, 5,
-    71, 66, 65, 83, 73, 8, 40, 4, 79, 78, 65, 32, 151, 154, 14, 65, 6, 214,
-    162, 12, 67, 134, 245, 1, 74, 3, 82, 11, 26, 65, 1, 2, 89, 65, 5, 173,
-    193, 5, 5, 32, 87, 79, 76, 79, 2, 29, 5, 32, 84, 79, 78, 69, 2, 17, 2,
-    32, 65, 2, 135, 171, 8, 80, 4, 68, 7, 71, 66, 65, 75, 85, 82, 85, 1, 6,
-    79, 79, 32, 68, 69, 78, 2, 159, 199, 12, 78, 180, 1, 90, 32, 156, 3, 2,
-    77, 73, 118, 78, 150, 1, 82, 238, 7, 84, 186, 203, 13, 45, 135, 40, 83,
-    18, 202, 1, 66, 96, 5, 69, 78, 84, 82, 89, 22, 80, 160, 180, 2, 15, 79,
-    78, 69, 32, 85, 78, 68, 69, 82, 32, 69, 73, 71, 72, 84, 220, 242, 3, 9,
-    77, 79, 66, 73, 76, 69, 32, 80, 72, 181, 30, 3, 83, 77, 79, 4, 52, 4, 82,
-    69, 65, 75, 173, 131, 2, 3, 73, 67, 89, 2, 17, 2, 32, 72, 2, 231, 244,
-    12, 69, 5, 151, 142, 13, 32, 4, 60, 6, 69, 68, 69, 83, 84, 82, 161, 167,
-    9, 3, 73, 82, 65, 2, 137, 230, 10, 2, 73, 65, 4, 36, 5, 78, 65, 76, 32,
-    68, 59, 83, 2, 249, 255, 12, 9, 73, 71, 73, 84, 32, 83, 72, 65, 80, 2,
-    195, 215, 10, 77, 6, 38, 45, 185, 183, 9, 3, 70, 79, 82, 4, 76, 8, 66,
-    82, 69, 65, 75, 73, 78, 71, 245, 162, 2, 5, 80, 79, 84, 65, 66, 2, 129,
-    201, 6, 2, 32, 72, 93, 56, 2, 84, 72, 146, 11, 77, 173, 185, 10, 3, 68,
-    73, 67, 84, 78, 32, 213, 131, 11, 13, 69, 65, 83, 84, 45, 80, 79, 73, 78,
-    84, 73, 78, 71, 82, 96, 5, 69, 65, 83, 84, 32, 132, 2, 6, 73, 78, 68, 73,
-    67, 32, 217, 1, 5, 87, 69, 83, 84, 32, 30, 82, 65, 182, 221, 6, 80, 130,
-    1, 84, 246, 160, 4, 66, 38, 68, 18, 83, 203, 43, 87, 12, 40, 4, 82, 82,
-    79, 87, 175, 217, 6, 78, 11, 11, 32, 8, 80, 9, 67, 82, 79, 83, 83, 73,
-    78, 71, 32, 244, 2, 2, 65, 78, 255, 216, 6, 87, 4, 218, 180, 3, 83, 207,
-    166, 3, 78, 20, 50, 80, 60, 3, 81, 85, 65, 66, 82, 215, 126, 70, 2, 37,
-    7, 76, 65, 67, 69, 72, 79, 76, 2, 135, 158, 4, 68, 4, 240, 157, 4, 2, 82,
-    84, 237, 173, 9, 5, 78, 84, 73, 84, 89, 2, 17, 2, 85, 80, 2, 187, 144, 4,
-    69, 32, 82, 65, 218, 217, 6, 80, 130, 1, 84, 246, 160, 4, 66, 38, 68, 18,
-    83, 203, 43, 87, 14, 34, 78, 33, 4, 82, 82, 79, 87, 2, 229, 177, 3, 3,
-    68, 32, 83, 13, 11, 32, 10, 68, 3, 84, 79, 32, 138, 213, 6, 67, 40, 3,
-    65, 78, 68, 219, 2, 87, 4, 146, 214, 6, 67, 229, 228, 4, 4, 76, 79, 78,
-    71, 56, 54, 32, 236, 5, 5, 67, 72, 69, 68, 32, 207, 2, 69, 38, 162, 1,
-    65, 132, 2, 4, 78, 79, 82, 77, 78, 80, 46, 83, 170, 1, 84, 250, 195, 7,
-    69, 196, 25, 7, 73, 68, 69, 78, 84, 73, 67, 214, 151, 4, 71, 38, 76, 243,
-    77, 67, 10, 88, 3, 32, 83, 85, 52, 7, 78, 32, 69, 76, 69, 77, 69, 28, 2,
-    83, 89, 139, 223, 7, 76, 4, 30, 66, 1, 3, 80, 69, 82, 2, 29, 2, 83, 69,
-    2, 11, 78, 2, 243, 119, 84, 2, 37, 7, 77, 80, 84, 79, 84, 73, 67, 2, 17,
-    2, 65, 76, 2, 201, 223, 7, 2, 76, 89, 4, 181, 174, 6, 14, 65, 76, 32, 83,
-    85, 66, 71, 82, 79, 85, 80, 32, 79, 70, 2, 153, 223, 7, 6, 65, 82, 65,
-    76, 76, 69, 6, 48, 6, 81, 85, 65, 82, 69, 32, 195, 254, 12, 73, 4, 68, 5,
-    73, 77, 65, 71, 69, 1, 8, 79, 82, 73, 71, 73, 78, 65, 76, 2, 21, 3, 32,
-    79, 70, 2, 183, 172, 6, 32, 4, 178, 163, 10, 82, 227, 202, 1, 73, 8, 58,
-    76, 40, 4, 82, 73, 71, 72, 133, 1, 3, 85, 80, 80, 4, 36, 2, 69, 70, 133,
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-    32, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32, 84, 72, 2, 17, 2, 82, 69, 2, 207, 180, 12, 69, 2,
-    11, 69, 2, 41, 8, 82, 32, 82, 73, 71, 72, 84, 45, 2, 153, 131, 3, 6, 83,
-    72, 65, 68, 79, 87, 11, 34, 32, 53, 4, 66, 79, 79, 75, 4, 17, 2, 80, 65,
-    4, 146, 234, 13, 71, 215, 22, 68, 5, 81, 18, 32, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32, 68,
-    69, 67, 79, 82, 65, 84, 73, 86, 69, 32, 67, 2, 223, 251, 3, 79, 186, 6,
-    102, 77, 176, 3, 4, 83, 72, 85, 32, 168, 157, 5, 8, 84, 32, 65, 78, 68,
-    32, 66, 79, 131, 226, 7, 76, 26, 36, 4, 66, 69, 82, 32, 247, 2, 69, 24,
-    58, 69, 50, 70, 42, 83, 66, 84, 57, 4, 78, 73, 78, 69, 4, 204, 1, 3, 73,
-    71, 72, 21, 3, 76, 69, 86, 4, 144, 1, 2, 79, 85, 13, 2, 73, 70, 6, 34,
-    73, 85, 4, 69, 86, 69, 78, 4, 82, 88, 239, 172, 13, 71, 8, 40, 2, 72, 73,
-    46, 69, 21, 2, 87, 69, 2, 11, 82, 2, 17, 2, 84, 69, 2, 11, 69, 2, 143,
-    175, 7, 78, 4, 248, 174, 7, 3, 76, 86, 69, 1, 3, 78, 84, 89, 2, 155, 221,
-    6, 82, 154, 6, 72, 12, 67, 72, 65, 82, 65, 67, 84, 69, 82, 45, 49, 66,
-    215, 222, 11, 73, 152, 6, 18, 49, 87, 50, 160, 2, 222, 1, 55, 2, 56, 2,
-    57, 2, 65, 2, 66, 2, 67, 2, 68, 2, 69, 3, 70, 248, 3, 138, 1, 48, 2, 49,
-    2, 50, 2, 51, 2, 52, 2, 53, 2, 54, 2, 55, 2, 56, 2, 57, 2, 65, 2, 66, 2,
-    67, 2, 68, 2, 69, 143, 1, 70, 32, 246, 248, 13, 48, 2, 49, 2, 50, 2, 51,
-    2, 52, 2, 53, 2, 54, 2, 55, 2, 56, 2, 57, 2, 65, 2, 66, 2, 67, 2, 68, 2,
-    69, 3, 70, 24, 234, 247, 13, 48, 2, 49, 2, 50, 2, 51, 2, 52, 2, 53, 2,
-    54, 2, 55, 2, 56, 2, 57, 2, 65, 3, 66, 142, 1, 108, 8, 67, 73, 82, 67,
-    76, 69, 68, 32, 22, 76, 226, 3, 83, 160, 2, 5, 84, 79, 78, 69, 45, 223,
-    129, 12, 68, 2, 211, 243, 13, 67, 92, 88, 6, 69, 84, 84, 69, 82, 32, 141,
-    157, 1, 10, 79, 71, 79, 71, 82, 65, 77, 32, 78, 89, 90, 130, 2, 78, 90,
-    84, 222, 188, 7, 88, 186, 116, 65, 146, 161, 1, 82, 188, 44, 2, 72, 65,
-    226, 180, 1, 79, 222, 56, 68, 2, 77, 2, 80, 146, 198, 1, 69, 222, 61, 67,
-    2, 70, 2, 71, 2, 75, 2, 76, 2, 81, 2, 83, 2, 86, 2, 89, 2, 90, 186, 2,
-    73, 2, 85, 3, 87, 22, 86, 84, 158, 236, 11, 80, 238, 131, 2, 67, 2, 75,
-    2, 81, 2, 82, 2, 89, 187, 2, 65, 6, 134, 240, 13, 83, 2, 88, 187, 2, 65,
-    14, 64, 4, 73, 71, 78, 32, 185, 1, 7, 89, 76, 76, 65, 66, 76, 69, 12, 56,
-    4, 70, 79, 82, 32, 137, 243, 12, 4, 88, 87, 32, 88, 10, 152, 9, 2, 76,
-    79, 190, 147, 3, 84, 132, 89, 8, 73, 78, 86, 69, 82, 84, 69, 66, 154,
-    168, 3, 80, 237, 86, 3, 65, 78, 73, 2, 221, 172, 11, 4, 32, 76, 69, 78,
-    14, 246, 239, 13, 66, 2, 68, 2, 71, 2, 74, 2, 77, 2, 83, 3, 86, 214, 13,
-    178, 2, 66, 226, 1, 67, 224, 5, 4, 70, 70, 73, 67, 54, 71, 248, 6, 4, 73,
-    76, 32, 68, 22, 76, 222, 63, 78, 166, 5, 80, 214, 7, 82, 190, 10, 83,
-    212, 8, 2, 84, 84, 154, 8, 85, 180, 1, 3, 86, 69, 82, 234, 159, 2, 89,
-    138, 180, 5, 72, 190, 233, 1, 75, 174, 230, 1, 68, 230, 61, 77, 246, 9,
-    87, 159, 137, 1, 88, 10, 132, 1, 6, 76, 73, 81, 85, 69, 32, 140, 152, 2,
-    9, 83, 69, 82, 86, 69, 82, 32, 69, 89, 221, 28, 8, 74, 69, 67, 84, 32,
-    82, 69, 80, 6, 160, 177, 4, 13, 65, 78, 71, 76, 69, 32, 79, 80, 69, 78,
-    73, 78, 71, 191, 241, 1, 72, 28, 56, 2, 82, 32, 234, 4, 84, 229, 172, 5,
-    3, 67, 85, 76, 22, 156, 1, 11, 65, 77, 79, 85, 78, 84, 32, 79, 70, 32,
-    67, 22, 66, 198, 1, 67, 118, 68, 106, 70, 0, 10, 73, 78, 86, 69, 82, 84,
-    69, 68, 32, 70, 175, 149, 12, 72, 2, 207, 158, 5, 72, 6, 136, 1, 15, 82,
-    65, 78, 67, 72, 32, 66, 65, 78, 75, 32, 73, 68, 69, 78, 144, 233, 4, 5,
-    69, 76, 84, 32, 66, 201, 225, 5, 3, 79, 87, 32, 2, 21, 3, 84, 73, 70, 2,
-    11, 73, 2, 199, 187, 10, 67, 4, 92, 17, 85, 83, 84, 79, 77, 69, 82, 32,
-    65, 67, 67, 79, 85, 78, 84, 32, 78, 227, 195, 1, 72, 2, 159, 135, 6, 85,
-    4, 44, 5, 79, 85, 66, 76, 69, 171, 129, 12, 65, 2, 11, 32, 2, 11, 66, 2,
-    181, 133, 7, 3, 65, 67, 75, 2, 247, 164, 13, 79, 4, 184, 206, 8, 4, 65,
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     73, 83, 67, 32, 83, 73, 71, 78, 32, 112, 100, 7, 76, 69, 84, 84, 69, 82,
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-    28, 3, 73, 78, 71, 31, 85, 2, 241, 205, 11, 2, 76, 69, 8, 58, 66, 225,
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     73, 78, 69, 68, 32, 76, 69, 84, 84, 69, 82, 92, 238, 1, 66, 146, 1, 67,
-    172, 2, 2, 68, 79, 38, 71, 66, 72, 64, 2, 76, 73, 32, 2, 77, 65, 66, 80,
-    162, 1, 82, 38, 83, 150, 1, 84, 70, 87, 168, 203, 5, 2, 70, 76, 172, 224,
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-    84, 82, 89, 32, 223, 140, 3, 84, 2, 255, 175, 2, 73, 2, 219, 218, 10, 85,
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-    78, 73, 78, 71, 32, 79, 2, 237, 172, 9, 5, 66, 76, 73, 81, 85, 4, 222,
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-    2, 195, 220, 10, 65, 6, 42, 69, 198, 180, 7, 79, 155, 209, 2, 73, 2, 183,
-    221, 11, 76, 4, 242, 128, 12, 76, 203, 17, 68, 4, 40, 2, 78, 65, 181,
-    169, 9, 2, 84, 84, 2, 159, 233, 8, 67, 8, 52, 2, 69, 68, 50, 76, 237,
-    136, 7, 3, 65, 80, 89, 2, 25, 4, 69, 83, 84, 82, 2, 211, 201, 10, 73, 4,
-    184, 167, 4, 2, 85, 77, 229, 211, 2, 3, 65, 78, 69, 4, 230, 132, 10, 79,
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-    2, 69, 151, 229, 9, 80, 6, 200, 165, 4, 5, 65, 84, 84, 79, 79, 250, 164,
-    7, 73, 195, 36, 85, 4, 246, 196, 7, 79, 221, 187, 3, 5, 65, 86, 89, 32,
-    66, 4, 218, 232, 1, 83, 25, 4, 68, 79, 85, 66, 60, 56, 8, 69, 78, 73, 67,
-    73, 65, 78, 32, 183, 138, 10, 76, 58, 92, 7, 76, 69, 84, 84, 69, 82, 32,
-    160, 3, 7, 78, 85, 77, 66, 69, 82, 32, 199, 248, 5, 87, 44, 234, 1, 65,
-    34, 68, 22, 72, 22, 81, 22, 83, 58, 84, 202, 246, 1, 87, 150, 212, 5, 90,
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-    69, 2, 255, 136, 11, 79, 6, 130, 253, 9, 65, 186, 141, 1, 72, 165, 124,
-    2, 69, 77, 4, 214, 228, 11, 65, 191, 8, 69, 12, 186, 49, 84, 187, 151, 4,
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+    162, 1, 82, 38, 83, 150, 1, 84, 70, 87, 160, 223, 5, 2, 70, 76, 252, 232,
+    1, 2, 79, 88, 196, 234, 3, 2, 69, 65, 250, 9, 65, 135, 1, 86, 10, 52, 2,
+    69, 69, 22, 79, 133, 41, 4, 85, 76, 76, 83, 5, 247, 171, 7, 72, 4, 32, 2,
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+    32, 62, 69, 50, 70, 62, 79, 46, 84, 166, 163, 6, 83, 211, 86, 78, 4, 26,
+    76, 231, 233, 7, 73, 2, 183, 164, 6, 69, 8, 26, 73, 167, 155, 7, 79, 6,
+    130, 26, 86, 255, 140, 6, 70, 6, 11, 78, 6, 11, 69, 7, 247, 191, 2, 32,
+    8, 42, 87, 190, 163, 6, 72, 231, 159, 1, 69, 4, 26, 69, 231, 146, 8, 79,
+    2, 143, 150, 7, 76, 2, 147, 199, 4, 69, 4, 182, 248, 3, 87, 211, 128, 2,
+    73, 2, 185, 243, 4, 9, 45, 80, 79, 73, 78, 84, 73, 78, 71, 2, 11, 87, 2,
+    21, 3, 73, 84, 72, 2, 11, 32, 2, 163, 166, 4, 85, 4, 29, 5, 32, 84, 72,
+    65, 78, 5, 11, 32, 2, 11, 79, 2, 135, 189, 1, 82, 32, 34, 76, 141, 136,
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+    67, 65, 84, 32, 70, 65, 67, 69, 32, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32, 41, 10, 70, 65,
+    67, 69, 32, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32, 4, 160, 1, 2, 72, 69, 163, 236, 4, 79,
+    24, 86, 72, 108, 10, 79, 80, 69, 78, 32, 77, 79, 85, 84, 72, 246, 1, 83,
+    203, 219, 2, 84, 6, 34, 69, 54, 79, 231, 234, 7, 65, 2, 165, 146, 5, 8,
+    65, 82, 84, 45, 83, 72, 65, 80, 2, 219, 201, 4, 82, 9, 29, 5, 32, 65, 78,
+    68, 32, 6, 26, 67, 58, 83, 71, 84, 2, 17, 2, 79, 76, 2, 145, 188, 3, 4,
+    68, 32, 83, 87, 2, 11, 77, 2, 11, 73, 2, 11, 76, 2, 217, 144, 5, 3, 73,
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+    114, 75, 2, 131, 128, 7, 90, 10, 100, 7, 32, 67, 65, 80, 80, 69, 68, 28,
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+    4, 2, 32, 77, 5, 49, 10, 32, 87, 73, 84, 72, 79, 85, 84, 32, 83, 2, 179,
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     78, 32, 244, 10, 3, 76, 73, 68, 140, 2, 12, 79, 78, 32, 87, 73, 84, 72,
     32, 82, 73, 71, 72, 20, 11, 82, 65, 32, 83, 79, 77, 80, 69, 78, 71, 32,
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+    124, 9, 87, 65, 82, 69, 45, 70, 85, 78, 67, 223, 250, 5, 66, 6, 58, 72,
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+    231, 174, 6, 72, 2, 191, 199, 6, 69, 2, 11, 84, 2, 203, 138, 6, 73, 84,
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     68, 69, 80, 69, 78, 68, 69, 78, 84, 32, 83, 20, 7, 76, 69, 84, 84, 69,
     82, 32, 188, 3, 7, 78, 85, 77, 66, 69, 82, 32, 113, 12, 80, 85, 78, 67,
     84, 85, 65, 84, 73, 79, 78, 32, 22, 140, 1, 3, 72, 79, 79, 20, 4, 76, 79,
-    78, 71, 50, 83, 58, 84, 242, 213, 3, 68, 216, 199, 1, 4, 82, 69, 83, 72,
-    249, 13, 4, 67, 85, 82, 86, 4, 199, 172, 5, 75, 2, 25, 4, 32, 72, 79, 79,
-    2, 147, 158, 5, 75, 2, 21, 3, 84, 82, 79, 2, 11, 75, 2, 219, 157, 5, 69,
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-    34, 76, 56, 5, 82, 69, 83, 72, 45, 2, 90, 34, 83, 66, 89, 154, 193, 1,
-    72, 234, 5, 75, 130, 76, 66, 2, 70, 190, 173, 4, 78, 254, 1, 84, 2, 87,
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-    2, 11, 73, 2, 167, 225, 2, 77, 4, 26, 65, 183, 220, 5, 69, 2, 189, 194,
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-    87, 187, 154, 1, 69, 10, 66, 67, 0, 6, 72, 65, 76, 70, 32, 67, 53, 4, 84,
-    87, 79, 32, 2, 21, 3, 73, 82, 67, 2, 201, 193, 4, 2, 76, 69, 6, 100, 13,
+    78, 71, 50, 83, 58, 84, 142, 227, 3, 68, 176, 237, 1, 4, 82, 69, 83, 72,
+    129, 15, 4, 67, 85, 82, 86, 4, 195, 224, 5, 75, 2, 25, 4, 32, 72, 79, 79,
+    2, 135, 209, 5, 75, 2, 21, 3, 84, 82, 79, 2, 11, 75, 2, 207, 208, 5, 69,
+    4, 193, 223, 1, 2, 87, 79, 2, 143, 254, 6, 72, 42, 190, 1, 65, 50, 71,
+    34, 76, 56, 5, 82, 69, 83, 72, 45, 2, 90, 34, 83, 66, 89, 158, 208, 1,
+    72, 234, 5, 75, 198, 75, 66, 2, 70, 178, 216, 4, 78, 134, 2, 84, 2, 87,
+    218, 103, 80, 171, 4, 77, 4, 26, 76, 163, 252, 6, 89, 2, 219, 215, 1, 69,
+    2, 11, 73, 2, 239, 238, 2, 77, 4, 26, 65, 135, 147, 6, 69, 2, 193, 209,
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+    87, 179, 157, 1, 69, 10, 66, 67, 0, 6, 72, 65, 76, 70, 32, 67, 53, 4, 84,
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     86, 69, 82, 84, 73, 67, 65, 76, 32, 66, 65, 82, 83, 13, 8, 67, 73, 82,
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     82, 69, 32, 79, 82, 78, 65, 77, 69, 78, 84, 5, 11, 32, 2, 11, 73, 2, 17,
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-    78, 79, 45, 69, 86, 73, 76, 32, 77, 79, 78, 9, 33, 6, 32, 87, 73, 84, 72,
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-    234, 140, 4, 66, 2, 74, 3, 76, 5, 207, 20, 65, 18, 66, 69, 22, 82, 236,
-    23, 5, 83, 85, 75, 85, 85, 183, 250, 6, 86, 2, 235, 162, 5, 75, 12, 52,
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-    73, 83, 20, 5, 84, 65, 73, 83, 89, 224, 20, 3, 77, 69, 73, 240, 182, 2,
-    3, 82, 69, 73, 1, 4, 83, 89, 79, 85, 2, 135, 253, 6, 69, 2, 227, 235, 6,
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-    85, 68, 30, 130, 1, 65, 22, 69, 54, 79, 62, 85, 226, 202, 1, 80, 196,
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-    26, 79, 175, 140, 7, 78, 4, 194, 231, 6, 82, 235, 36, 78, 6, 54, 73, 160,
-    17, 4, 65, 82, 65, 68, 131, 179, 5, 82, 2, 203, 191, 3, 73, 14, 54, 78,
-    228, 12, 4, 77, 65, 71, 69, 167, 254, 6, 85, 7, 190, 199, 2, 73, 243,
-    175, 4, 84, 58, 230, 1, 65, 64, 2, 89, 85, 20, 3, 73, 82, 79, 78, 77, 90,
-    79, 60, 2, 85, 82, 144, 8, 2, 69, 69, 202, 135, 3, 72, 202, 237, 2, 67,
-    208, 120, 3, 32, 79, 72, 162, 14, 80, 186, 2, 66, 2, 71, 2, 75, 2, 76, 2,
-    84, 2, 86, 3, 87, 9, 18, 73, 23, 82, 2, 143, 245, 6, 82, 4, 22, 79, 143,
-    20, 65, 2, 159, 204, 4, 82, 9, 252, 16, 3, 77, 69, 69, 248, 2, 2, 87, 65,
-    169, 161, 2, 3, 71, 85, 82, 9, 11, 32, 6, 22, 67, 199, 14, 83, 4, 22, 65,
-    179, 6, 85, 2, 209, 185, 4, 2, 80, 73, 4, 18, 79, 23, 82, 2, 251, 231, 6,
-    80, 2, 151, 204, 5, 85, 4, 176, 154, 5, 4, 85, 90, 69, 73, 239, 66, 79,
-    12, 62, 79, 244, 13, 2, 69, 70, 230, 247, 6, 77, 2, 78, 3, 88, 4, 202,
-    209, 5, 90, 143, 180, 1, 71, 82, 162, 1, 32, 70, 65, 122, 66, 22, 69, 54,
-    73, 110, 77, 68, 2, 85, 32, 78, 86, 2, 87, 162, 137, 3, 72, 214, 237, 2,
-    79, 230, 134, 1, 80, 186, 2, 71, 2, 76, 3, 83, 10, 34, 79, 242, 2, 67,
-    139, 8, 83, 6, 198, 10, 86, 207, 232, 6, 72, 13, 54, 73, 44, 2, 78, 83,
-    146, 82, 82, 159, 185, 4, 72, 4, 252, 150, 5, 2, 75, 85, 175, 199, 1, 82,
-    2, 135, 179, 6, 89, 5, 243, 160, 2, 32, 6, 28, 2, 71, 65, 251, 10, 69, 5,
-    191, 178, 6, 84, 8, 42, 75, 20, 2, 82, 73, 207, 129, 7, 76, 2, 211, 221,
-    5, 85, 5, 11, 66, 2, 11, 65, 2, 203, 244, 2, 65, 7, 11, 32, 4, 22, 67,
-    139, 8, 83, 2, 11, 85, 2, 175, 161, 2, 66, 16, 218, 128, 7, 65, 2, 70, 2,
-    71, 2, 76, 2, 77, 2, 83, 2, 86, 3, 87, 5, 11, 32, 2, 11, 77, 2, 191, 189,
-    6, 69, 16, 70, 65, 238, 10, 79, 178, 244, 6, 70, 2, 77, 2, 83, 2, 86, 3,
-    87, 5, 167, 224, 6, 78, 12, 78, 78, 20, 7, 82, 73, 71, 73, 78, 65, 76,
-    170, 171, 2, 79, 255, 210, 4, 86, 2, 207, 217, 6, 83, 6, 21, 3, 32, 79,
-    70, 7, 25, 4, 32, 79, 82, 32, 4, 214, 86, 78, 51, 69, 46, 118, 65, 82,
-    69, 94, 73, 74, 79, 150, 234, 6, 80, 218, 16, 67, 2, 70, 2, 72, 2, 77, 2,
-    82, 2, 83, 2, 86, 3, 87, 9, 38, 65, 221, 220, 3, 3, 32, 65, 77, 4, 236,
-    1, 2, 83, 69, 227, 213, 6, 84, 8, 34, 69, 22, 78, 231, 220, 6, 83, 2,
-    147, 232, 6, 90, 4, 230, 215, 1, 73, 139, 255, 4, 83, 6, 34, 75, 233, 3,
-    3, 65, 83, 85, 4, 166, 238, 2, 85, 235, 140, 4, 79, 6, 34, 73, 22, 78,
-    21, 2, 83, 73, 2, 191, 174, 3, 78, 2, 191, 219, 6, 68, 2, 133, 193, 6, 4,
-    84, 73, 79, 78, 22, 60, 2, 65, 68, 114, 69, 62, 73, 134, 1, 85, 227, 166,
-    6, 79, 7, 21, 3, 32, 79, 86, 4, 25, 4, 69, 82, 32, 83, 5, 17, 2, 32, 83,
-    2, 11, 81, 2, 153, 153, 2, 2, 85, 65, 4, 36, 3, 78, 84, 79, 191, 211, 6,
-    77, 2, 175, 167, 5, 71, 6, 40, 2, 71, 72, 62, 84, 243, 244, 6, 82, 2,
-    181, 205, 3, 10, 84, 32, 79, 80, 69, 78, 32, 66, 79, 88, 2, 189, 234, 2,
-    2, 84, 79, 4, 172, 1, 2, 85, 66, 195, 185, 4, 80, 14, 82, 65, 72, 3, 69,
-    78, 84, 128, 178, 2, 3, 73, 82, 73, 202, 195, 4, 82, 3, 86, 4, 48, 2, 73,
-    75, 225, 162, 2, 4, 78, 84, 73, 73, 2, 243, 232, 2, 85, 4, 198, 245, 6,
-    73, 3, 79, 6, 42, 65, 146, 254, 2, 72, 159, 167, 3, 79, 2, 241, 191, 6,
-    2, 82, 71, 34, 50, 65, 20, 4, 73, 84, 72, 32, 159, 244, 6, 66, 2, 167,
-    168, 3, 84, 30, 222, 1, 66, 40, 3, 68, 73, 65, 0, 5, 79, 82, 84, 72, 79,
-    84, 2, 72, 79, 42, 76, 126, 84, 28, 6, 85, 80, 80, 69, 82, 32, 186, 1,
-    86, 190, 227, 3, 82, 225, 241, 1, 13, 67, 79, 78, 84, 79, 85, 82, 69, 68,
-    32, 79, 85, 84, 2, 209, 231, 3, 5, 79, 84, 84, 79, 77, 2, 165, 129, 4,
-    16, 71, 79, 78, 65, 76, 32, 67, 82, 79, 83, 83, 72, 65, 84, 67, 72, 2,
-    149, 3, 6, 82, 73, 90, 79, 78, 84, 6, 44, 5, 79, 87, 69, 82, 32, 211,
-    229, 3, 69, 4, 44, 3, 76, 69, 70, 1, 4, 82, 73, 71, 72, 2, 189, 1, 3, 84,
-    32, 68, 2, 177, 229, 3, 2, 79, 80, 8, 60, 5, 76, 69, 70, 84, 32, 37, 6,
-    82, 73, 71, 72, 84, 32, 4, 70, 68, 253, 241, 3, 2, 84, 79, 4, 34, 68,
-    205, 253, 3, 2, 84, 79, 2, 141, 228, 3, 7, 73, 65, 71, 79, 78, 65, 76, 2,
-    29, 5, 69, 82, 84, 73, 67, 2, 185, 253, 3, 2, 65, 76, 6, 32, 2, 65, 65,
-    183, 166, 5, 85, 4, 254, 200, 6, 82, 247, 5, 68, 240, 1, 226, 1, 67, 174,
-    9, 68, 34, 70, 88, 3, 82, 73, 83, 142, 1, 72, 66, 75, 106, 76, 166, 1,
-    77, 38, 78, 34, 79, 94, 80, 34, 83, 190, 2, 84, 156, 1, 5, 69, 73, 71,
-    72, 84, 22, 85, 90, 86, 166, 199, 4, 65, 222, 105, 87, 207, 96, 73, 90,
-    128, 1, 21, 74, 75, 32, 85, 78, 73, 70, 73, 69, 68, 32, 73, 68, 69, 79,
-    71, 82, 65, 80, 72, 45, 134, 216, 5, 79, 219, 146, 1, 76, 86, 68, 2, 52,
-    69, 82, 53, 206, 2, 54, 150, 2, 55, 166, 1, 56, 95, 57, 10, 50, 48, 234,
-    4, 65, 154, 190, 5, 56, 207, 96, 50, 4, 222, 233, 6, 48, 3, 57, 30, 150,
-    1, 50, 42, 51, 38, 52, 48, 2, 53, 66, 0, 2, 68, 69, 22, 57, 164, 4, 2,
-    56, 70, 162, 143, 3, 66, 248, 172, 2, 2, 70, 56, 205, 96, 2, 49, 56, 6,
-    214, 4, 55, 194, 157, 6, 49, 3, 52, 4, 150, 148, 3, 70, 143, 173, 2, 67,
-    4, 26, 48, 159, 148, 3, 51, 2, 195, 231, 6, 56, 2, 175, 231, 6, 54, 4,
-    242, 147, 3, 50, 243, 208, 3, 49, 24, 86, 50, 46, 51, 50, 53, 34, 54, 16,
-    2, 55, 48, 28, 2, 70, 49, 129, 2, 2, 69, 56, 6, 70, 57, 238, 145, 3, 53,
-    203, 153, 2, 52, 4, 26, 53, 199, 146, 3, 48, 2, 215, 229, 6, 53, 4, 202,
-    2, 66, 211, 143, 3, 57, 2, 171, 2, 50, 4, 146, 229, 6, 56, 3, 57, 2, 247,
-    228, 6, 52, 12, 74, 53, 38, 57, 12, 2, 49, 50, 20, 2, 68, 52, 157, 225,
-    6, 2, 65, 55, 4, 170, 144, 3, 51, 227, 210, 2, 49, 2, 11, 56, 2, 231,
-    227, 6, 49, 2, 211, 227, 6, 50, 6, 50, 57, 20, 2, 68, 55, 209, 143, 3, 2,
-    67, 65, 2, 159, 143, 3, 69, 2, 247, 226, 6, 48, 4, 204, 156, 6, 2, 49,
-    52, 221, 67, 2, 48, 52, 2, 11, 79, 2, 251, 183, 3, 84, 10, 84, 3, 65, 76,
-    76, 104, 4, 79, 85, 82, 32, 240, 5, 3, 73, 86, 69, 179, 238, 4, 82, 2,
-    57, 12, 73, 78, 71, 32, 68, 73, 65, 71, 79, 78, 65, 76, 2, 11, 32, 2, 11,
-    83, 2, 191, 251, 4, 76, 4, 210, 179, 3, 68, 131, 173, 3, 75, 8, 192, 181,
-    3, 2, 73, 45, 158, 242, 2, 68, 210, 56, 67, 3, 86, 8, 56, 8, 65, 84, 65,
-    75, 65, 78, 65, 32, 239, 205, 6, 69, 6, 150, 172, 6, 75, 202, 28, 68,
-    159, 20, 83, 60, 36, 5, 65, 84, 73, 78, 32, 79, 79, 54, 164, 5, 12, 83,
-    77, 65, 76, 76, 32, 76, 69, 84, 84, 69, 82, 227, 112, 67, 6, 178, 178, 3,
-    71, 157, 149, 2, 3, 83, 83, 76, 4, 234, 218, 4, 73, 251, 130, 2, 86, 4,
-    174, 223, 5, 69, 147, 126, 71, 4, 140, 3, 15, 78, 69, 32, 72, 85, 78, 68,
-    82, 69, 68, 32, 84, 87, 69, 78, 147, 218, 6, 75, 4, 158, 2, 80, 187, 215,
-    4, 76, 20, 110, 69, 146, 1, 72, 20, 2, 73, 88, 198, 200, 4, 65, 150, 66,
-    77, 130, 47, 81, 234, 98, 79, 210, 61, 68, 3, 83, 4, 56, 7, 67, 79, 78,
-    68, 32, 83, 67, 21, 3, 86, 69, 78, 2, 247, 137, 5, 82, 2, 29, 5, 32, 80,
-    79, 73, 78, 2, 11, 84, 2, 143, 177, 5, 32, 2, 163, 218, 6, 86, 2, 17, 2,
-    84, 89, 2, 239, 217, 6, 32, 8, 44, 4, 72, 82, 69, 69, 22, 87, 243, 4, 73,
-    2, 163, 147, 6, 32, 4, 68, 13, 69, 78, 84, 89, 45, 84, 87, 79, 32, 80,
-    79, 73, 78, 19, 79, 2, 215, 75, 84, 2, 179, 213, 6, 32, 4, 48, 6, 80, 32,
-    87, 73, 84, 72, 243, 145, 6, 72, 2, 17, 2, 32, 69, 2, 235, 108, 88, 4,
-    202, 145, 6, 79, 151, 70, 83, 2, 201, 183, 5, 6, 32, 66, 76, 65, 67, 75,
-    6, 146, 215, 6, 50, 2, 51, 3, 65, 85, 134, 1, 65, 138, 7, 69, 236, 1, 10,
-    73, 67, 75, 32, 70, 73, 71, 85, 82, 69, 182, 1, 79, 90, 82, 234, 2, 85,
-    130, 200, 6, 83, 3, 88, 38, 92, 6, 70, 70, 32, 79, 70, 32, 106, 77, 80,
-    2, 78, 68, 90, 82, 206, 3, 84, 175, 167, 5, 68, 4, 60, 8, 65, 69, 83, 67,
-    85, 76, 65, 80, 21, 3, 72, 69, 82, 2, 219, 209, 4, 73, 2, 211, 192, 5,
-    77, 2, 21, 3, 80, 69, 68, 2, 17, 2, 32, 69, 2, 173, 210, 1, 4, 78, 86,
-    69, 76, 2, 21, 3, 73, 78, 71, 2, 17, 2, 32, 80, 2, 11, 69, 2, 11, 82, 2,
-    171, 131, 6, 83, 24, 42, 32, 205, 1, 5, 84, 32, 79, 70, 32, 12, 82, 69,
-    54, 79, 240, 224, 1, 8, 65, 78, 68, 32, 67, 82, 69, 83, 131, 229, 1, 87,
-    2, 17, 2, 81, 85, 2, 11, 65, 2, 135, 148, 6, 76, 4, 44, 5, 70, 32, 68,
-    65, 86, 143, 167, 3, 80, 2, 255, 138, 6, 73, 12, 66, 71, 30, 83, 40, 4,
-    80, 82, 79, 84, 142, 66, 72, 155, 102, 84, 2, 89, 4, 85, 65, 82, 68, 4,
-    26, 69, 155, 239, 1, 84, 2, 11, 76, 2, 21, 3, 69, 67, 84, 2, 29, 5, 69,
-    68, 32, 65, 82, 2, 135, 205, 6, 69, 4, 144, 229, 4, 10, 85, 69, 32, 79,
-    70, 32, 76, 73, 66, 69, 187, 154, 1, 73, 8, 92, 2, 65, 77, 112, 9, 78,
-    79, 71, 82, 65, 80, 72, 73, 67, 193, 203, 1, 4, 84, 72, 79, 83, 4, 54,
-    32, 173, 196, 5, 7, 73, 78, 71, 32, 66, 79, 87, 2, 33, 6, 76, 79, 67, 79,
-    77, 79, 2, 135, 197, 1, 84, 2, 137, 130, 4, 2, 32, 70, 11, 11, 32, 8, 60,
-    5, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32, 193, 153, 2, 4, 76, 69, 65, 78, 4, 32, 4, 65, 82,
-    77, 83, 51, 68, 2, 25, 4, 32, 82, 65, 73, 2, 167, 236, 1, 83, 2, 143,
-    181, 5, 82, 4, 44, 4, 67, 75, 32, 67, 21, 3, 80, 87, 65, 2, 139, 196, 5,
-    72, 2, 211, 168, 6, 84, 12, 66, 65, 108, 10, 69, 83, 83, 32, 79, 85, 84,
-    76, 73, 78, 79, 73, 6, 44, 4, 73, 71, 72, 84, 45, 3, 87, 66, 69, 4, 188,
-    130, 3, 2, 32, 82, 243, 176, 2, 78, 2, 147, 61, 82, 2, 17, 2, 69, 68, 2,
-    17, 2, 32, 87, 2, 145, 182, 4, 4, 72, 73, 84, 69, 4, 52, 4, 78, 71, 32,
-    84, 233, 7, 4, 67, 84, 76, 89, 2, 17, 2, 69, 82, 2, 169, 143, 6, 3, 77,
-    73, 78, 6, 100, 8, 68, 73, 79, 32, 77, 73, 67, 82, 20, 9, 70, 70, 69, 68,
-    32, 70, 76, 65, 84, 207, 196, 6, 80, 2, 215, 157, 5, 79, 2, 11, 66, 2,
-    231, 248, 3, 82, 202, 2, 150, 1, 66, 196, 2, 5, 67, 67, 69, 69, 68, 192,
-    3, 8, 77, 77, 65, 84, 73, 79, 78, 32, 70, 78, 132, 15, 3, 80, 69, 82,
-    148, 11, 2, 82, 70, 47, 83, 63, 11, 83, 60, 72, 6, 67, 82, 73, 80, 84,
-    32, 124, 3, 69, 84, 32, 93, 3, 84, 73, 84, 30, 222, 22, 69, 162, 1, 80,
-    150, 208, 2, 77, 202, 1, 76, 26, 82, 222, 237, 1, 70, 30, 83, 42, 84, 62,
-    90, 130, 83, 78, 15, 79, 28, 56, 6, 65, 66, 79, 86, 69, 32, 246, 25, 79,
-    159, 3, 87, 6, 142, 24, 83, 203, 139, 5, 82, 2, 235, 254, 4, 85, 22, 11,
-    83, 23, 11, 32, 20, 128, 1, 6, 65, 66, 79, 86, 69, 32, 156, 1, 7, 66, 85,
-    84, 32, 78, 79, 84, 32, 2, 79, 82, 229, 255, 2, 5, 85, 78, 68, 69, 82,
-    12, 100, 4, 78, 79, 84, 32, 28, 12, 83, 73, 78, 71, 76, 69, 45, 76, 73,
-    78, 69, 32, 218, 24, 65, 39, 69, 4, 242, 24, 65, 167, 1, 69, 4, 250, 24,
-    69, 83, 78, 2, 93, 5, 32, 69, 81, 85, 73, 4, 17, 2, 32, 69, 4, 17, 2, 81,
-    85, 4, 22, 73, 167, 25, 65, 2, 173, 25, 6, 86, 65, 76, 69, 78, 84, 6,
-    202, 246, 2, 66, 228, 196, 1, 4, 87, 73, 84, 72, 147, 139, 1, 84, 161, 1,
-    166, 1, 32, 72, 7, 68, 65, 78, 69, 83, 69, 32, 200, 12, 4, 82, 73, 83,
-    69, 200, 166, 2, 14, 83, 69, 84, 32, 79, 86, 69, 82, 32, 66, 85, 73, 76,
-    68, 255, 240, 2, 70, 4, 50, 87, 197, 146, 5, 6, 66, 69, 72, 73, 78, 68,
-    2, 247, 255, 5, 73, 146, 1, 198, 2, 65, 20, 17, 67, 79, 78, 83, 79, 78,
-    65, 78, 84, 32, 83, 73, 71, 78, 32, 80, 65, 172, 1, 7, 76, 69, 84, 84,
-    69, 82, 32, 188, 3, 18, 80, 85, 78, 67, 84, 85, 65, 84, 73, 79, 78, 32,
-    66, 73, 78, 68, 85, 32, 228, 1, 5, 83, 73, 71, 78, 32, 200, 1, 13, 86,
-    79, 87, 69, 76, 32, 83, 73, 71, 78, 32, 80, 65, 255, 195, 4, 68, 2, 235,
-    211, 2, 86, 10, 68, 2, 77, 73, 40, 2, 78, 89, 33, 7, 83, 65, 78, 71, 65,
-    78, 32, 2, 17, 2, 78, 71, 2, 167, 176, 5, 75, 4, 142, 5, 65, 163, 146, 1,
-    73, 4, 226, 182, 6, 77, 3, 87, 76, 246, 1, 65, 58, 70, 78, 76, 2, 82, 34,
-    83, 202, 230, 2, 69, 246, 215, 1, 78, 246, 175, 1, 66, 2, 75, 254, 68,
-    67, 2, 68, 2, 71, 2, 72, 2, 74, 2, 77, 2, 80, 2, 81, 2, 84, 2, 86, 2, 87,
-    2, 88, 2, 89, 2, 90, 186, 2, 73, 2, 79, 3, 85, 7, 128, 247, 5, 6, 82, 67,
-    72, 65, 73, 67, 135, 64, 69, 6, 44, 5, 73, 78, 65, 76, 32, 163, 182, 6,
-    65, 4, 158, 182, 6, 75, 3, 77, 4, 154, 145, 6, 69, 235, 36, 65, 4, 170,
-    179, 6, 89, 187, 2, 65, 16, 90, 66, 2, 68, 2, 75, 12, 3, 76, 69, 85, 38,
-    67, 34, 80, 189, 177, 6, 3, 83, 85, 82, 2, 11, 65, 2, 137, 94, 5, 32, 83,
-    65, 84, 65, 2, 11, 65, 2, 247, 239, 5, 75, 4, 168, 3, 3, 65, 78, 71, 141,
-    238, 5, 3, 85, 82, 78, 10, 28, 2, 80, 65, 211, 82, 86, 8, 28, 3, 77, 65,
-    65, 23, 78, 2, 143, 178, 6, 69, 6, 18, 71, 71, 89, 4, 38, 76, 177, 236,
-    5, 3, 87, 73, 83, 2, 165, 144, 5, 2, 65, 89, 2, 141, 175, 6, 2, 69, 67,
-    12, 18, 77, 23, 78, 2, 179, 244, 2, 69, 10, 96, 3, 69, 85, 76, 34, 79,
-    22, 89, 140, 220, 1, 3, 71, 72, 85, 157, 152, 2, 4, 65, 69, 76, 65, 2,
-    11, 69, 2, 147, 224, 5, 85, 2, 139, 244, 3, 76, 2, 203, 142, 1, 85, 5,
-    173, 130, 3, 13, 32, 79, 86, 69, 82, 32, 77, 79, 85, 78, 84, 65, 73, 72,
-    54, 83, 166, 195, 4, 72, 241, 64, 4, 86, 73, 76, 76, 68, 56, 6, 67, 82,
-    73, 80, 84, 32, 173, 2, 3, 69, 84, 32, 34, 118, 69, 34, 76, 130, 1, 80,
-    150, 208, 2, 77, 226, 1, 82, 222, 237, 1, 70, 30, 83, 42, 84, 62, 90,
-    130, 83, 78, 15, 79, 4, 226, 66, 81, 235, 192, 5, 73, 6, 96, 18, 65, 84,
-    73, 78, 32, 83, 77, 65, 76, 76, 32, 76, 69, 84, 84, 69, 82, 32, 135, 210,
-    2, 69, 4, 138, 173, 6, 73, 3, 78, 2, 155, 147, 3, 76, 34, 148, 1, 6, 65,
-    66, 79, 86, 69, 32, 96, 7, 66, 69, 83, 73, 68, 69, 32, 162, 1, 79, 158,
-    3, 87, 153, 148, 4, 9, 80, 82, 69, 67, 69, 68, 73, 78, 71, 6, 26, 83,
-    231, 187, 2, 76, 4, 11, 85, 4, 26, 80, 191, 194, 4, 66, 2, 185, 194, 4,
-    2, 69, 82, 4, 108, 23, 65, 78, 68, 32, 74, 79, 73, 78, 69, 68, 32, 66,
-    89, 32, 68, 65, 83, 72, 32, 87, 73, 84, 72, 23, 83, 2, 17, 2, 32, 83, 2,
-    153, 193, 4, 2, 85, 66, 16, 11, 70, 17, 11, 32, 14, 120, 6, 65, 66, 79,
-    86, 69, 32, 132, 1, 4, 87, 73, 84, 72, 181, 166, 5, 11, 79, 82, 32, 69,
-    81, 85, 65, 76, 32, 84, 79, 8, 34, 65, 38, 69, 18, 84, 67, 78, 2, 11, 76,
-    2, 113, 3, 77, 79, 83, 2, 187, 60, 81, 2, 21, 3, 73, 76, 68, 2, 147, 253,
-    2, 69, 2, 17, 2, 32, 78, 2, 11, 79, 2, 11, 84, 2, 11, 32, 2, 11, 69, 2,
-    17, 2, 81, 85, 2, 11, 65, 2, 11, 76, 2, 179, 218, 2, 32, 6, 25, 4, 73,
-    84, 72, 32, 6, 96, 2, 80, 76, 24, 14, 77, 85, 76, 84, 73, 80, 76, 73, 67,
-    65, 84, 73, 79, 78, 231, 212, 5, 68, 2, 11, 85, 2, 11, 83, 2, 169, 254,
-    3, 5, 32, 83, 73, 71, 78, 4, 196, 160, 4, 2, 65, 67, 211, 203, 1, 69, 4,
-    60, 9, 80, 69, 78, 83, 73, 79, 78, 32, 82, 167, 144, 6, 72, 2, 21, 3, 65,
-    73, 76, 2, 247, 151, 5, 87, 8, 26, 65, 98, 73, 35, 85, 4, 44, 5, 83, 72,
-    32, 65, 77, 135, 163, 6, 78, 2, 173, 223, 5, 7, 80, 69, 82, 83, 65, 78,
-    68, 2, 11, 77, 2, 231, 228, 5, 77, 2, 129, 250, 2, 2, 78, 71, 230, 2, 92,
-    11, 76, 79, 84, 73, 32, 78, 65, 71, 82, 73, 32, 226, 5, 77, 182, 15, 78,
-    97, 2, 82, 73, 90, 180, 1, 7, 76, 69, 84, 84, 69, 82, 32, 168, 2, 11, 80,
-    79, 69, 84, 82, 89, 32, 77, 65, 82, 75, 56, 5, 83, 73, 71, 78, 32, 145,
-    1, 11, 86, 79, 87, 69, 76, 32, 83, 73, 71, 78, 32, 64, 174, 1, 68, 46,
-    82, 34, 84, 154, 89, 66, 2, 67, 2, 71, 2, 74, 2, 75, 2, 80, 246, 165, 5,
-    72, 2, 76, 2, 77, 2, 78, 2, 83, 246, 30, 65, 2, 69, 2, 73, 2, 79, 3, 85,
-    8, 226, 89, 68, 246, 165, 5, 72, 247, 30, 79, 4, 170, 255, 5, 82, 247,
-    30, 79, 8, 150, 89, 84, 246, 165, 5, 72, 247, 30, 79, 8, 11, 45, 8, 198,
-    157, 6, 49, 2, 50, 2, 51, 3, 52, 8, 46, 65, 70, 72, 213, 215, 5, 3, 68,
-    86, 73, 4, 64, 10, 76, 84, 69, 82, 78, 65, 84, 69, 32, 72, 203, 215, 5,
-    78, 2, 129, 137, 2, 2, 65, 83, 10, 150, 253, 5, 79, 246, 30, 65, 2, 69,
-    2, 73, 3, 85, 82, 60, 8, 66, 79, 76, 32, 70, 79, 82, 32, 213, 14, 2, 77,
-    69, 80, 238, 2, 66, 48, 2, 67, 65, 118, 68, 222, 1, 69, 130, 2, 70, 56,
-    8, 72, 79, 82, 73, 90, 79, 78, 84, 0, 6, 86, 69, 82, 84, 73, 67, 44, 3,
-    76, 73, 78, 52, 9, 77, 65, 82, 75, 83, 32, 67, 72, 65, 22, 78, 90, 65,
-    68, 3, 82, 69, 67, 32, 5, 71, 82, 79, 85, 80, 0, 4, 85, 78, 73, 84, 22,
-    83, 205, 3, 15, 84, 89, 80, 69, 32, 65, 32, 69, 76, 69, 67, 84, 82, 79,
-    78, 4, 242, 147, 4, 69, 133, 198, 1, 3, 65, 67, 75, 4, 44, 3, 82, 82, 73,
-    237, 182, 1, 2, 78, 67, 2, 33, 6, 65, 71, 69, 32, 82, 69, 2, 11, 84, 2,
-    135, 185, 1, 85, 14, 24, 2, 65, 84, 55, 69, 2, 161, 3, 9, 65, 32, 76, 73,
-    78, 75, 32, 69, 83, 12, 76, 12, 86, 73, 67, 69, 32, 67, 79, 78, 84, 82,
-    79, 76, 157, 8, 2, 76, 69, 8, 11, 32, 8, 222, 174, 1, 70, 154, 250, 2,
-    84, 203, 83, 79, 12, 22, 78, 207, 1, 83, 10, 48, 5, 68, 32, 79, 70, 32,
-    137, 1, 2, 81, 85, 8, 18, 77, 31, 84, 2, 193, 236, 4, 2, 69, 68, 6, 64,
-    11, 82, 65, 78, 83, 77, 73, 83, 83, 73, 79, 78, 159, 108, 69, 5, 143,
-    171, 3, 32, 2, 155, 7, 73, 2, 205, 206, 4, 2, 67, 65, 4, 36, 2, 73, 76,
-    73, 3, 79, 82, 77, 2, 191, 2, 69, 2, 129, 162, 1, 6, 65, 76, 32, 84, 65,
-    66, 2, 11, 69, 2, 17, 2, 32, 70, 2, 223, 178, 1, 69, 2, 191, 219, 4, 80,
-    6, 26, 69, 175, 141, 4, 85, 4, 56, 8, 71, 65, 84, 73, 86, 69, 32, 65,
-    247, 247, 4, 87, 2, 21, 3, 67, 75, 78, 2, 21, 3, 79, 87, 76, 2, 191, 136,
-    1, 69, 2, 11, 79, 2, 17, 2, 82, 68, 2, 191, 247, 2, 32, 18, 176, 1, 7,
-    65, 77, 65, 82, 73, 84, 65, 60, 3, 72, 73, 70, 52, 8, 84, 65, 82, 84, 32,
-    79, 70, 32, 64, 7, 85, 66, 83, 84, 73, 84, 85, 204, 1, 3, 89, 78, 67,
-    255, 206, 5, 80, 2, 25, 4, 78, 32, 83, 79, 2, 11, 85, 2, 219, 209, 5, 82,
-    4, 17, 2, 84, 32, 4, 226, 148, 5, 79, 239, 41, 73, 4, 22, 72, 155, 102,
-    84, 2, 17, 2, 69, 65, 2, 223, 188, 5, 68, 4, 11, 84, 4, 11, 69, 5, 11,
-    32, 2, 25, 4, 70, 79, 82, 77, 2, 17, 2, 32, 84, 2, 251, 237, 5, 87, 2,
-    137, 207, 5, 2, 73, 67, 2, 11, 84, 2, 235, 250, 5, 82, 7, 38, 67, 145,
-    171, 2, 3, 65, 71, 79, 2, 141, 134, 1, 9, 72, 82, 79, 78, 79, 85, 83, 32,
-    73, 180, 1, 36, 3, 65, 67, 32, 163, 215, 4, 78, 178, 1, 150, 3, 65, 52,
-    4, 66, 65, 82, 82, 32, 2, 67, 79, 80, 13, 68, 79, 84, 84, 69, 68, 32, 90,
-    76, 65, 77, 65, 32, 118, 69, 90, 72, 204, 2, 7, 76, 69, 84, 84, 69, 82,
-    32, 236, 9, 9, 79, 66, 76, 73, 81, 85, 69, 32, 76, 28, 4, 80, 84, 72, 65,
-    0, 4, 90, 81, 65, 80, 110, 82, 88, 2, 83, 85, 174, 2, 84, 216, 205, 4, 3,
-    77, 85, 83, 228, 21, 7, 70, 69, 77, 73, 78, 73, 78, 229, 136, 1, 5, 81,
-    85, 83, 72, 83, 2, 11, 66, 2, 197, 158, 5, 5, 66, 82, 69, 86, 73, 2, 11,
-    69, 2, 167, 134, 6, 75, 6, 38, 78, 165, 17, 4, 76, 79, 78, 32, 2, 17, 2,
-    84, 82, 2, 151, 182, 5, 65, 4, 28, 3, 65, 78, 71, 35, 72, 2, 11, 85, 2,
-    255, 227, 4, 76, 2, 11, 79, 2, 185, 184, 3, 5, 82, 73, 90, 79, 78, 6, 60,
-    10, 78, 68, 32, 79, 70, 32, 80, 65, 82, 65, 151, 14, 83, 2, 201, 11, 2,
-    71, 82, 14, 104, 8, 65, 82, 75, 76, 69, 65, 78, 32, 132, 1, 4, 66, 65,
-    83, 65, 65, 7, 79, 82, 73, 90, 79, 78, 84, 6, 60, 5, 65, 83, 84, 69, 82,
-    40, 4, 77, 69, 84, 79, 3, 79, 2, 17, 2, 73, 83, 2, 219, 128, 4, 67, 2,
-    181, 166, 2, 2, 66, 69, 6, 164, 11, 8, 45, 69, 83, 65, 83, 65, 32, 68,
-    159, 223, 3, 32, 2, 197, 178, 5, 2, 65, 76, 92, 154, 2, 68, 102, 72, 32,
-    3, 76, 65, 77, 34, 77, 204, 1, 2, 80, 69, 142, 1, 82, 78, 83, 144, 1, 8,
-    70, 73, 78, 65, 76, 32, 83, 69, 106, 65, 14, 75, 2, 81, 34, 84, 40, 5,
-    71, 65, 77, 65, 76, 40, 4, 89, 85, 68, 72, 146, 75, 66, 166, 130, 4, 90,
-    154, 43, 78, 254, 1, 87, 159, 126, 69, 4, 76, 14, 79, 84, 76, 69, 83, 83,
-    32, 68, 65, 76, 65, 84, 72, 32, 139, 3, 65, 2, 139, 193, 2, 82, 4, 11,
-    69, 5, 159, 254, 5, 84, 2, 11, 65, 2, 255, 253, 5, 68, 24, 60, 9, 65, 76,
-    65, 89, 65, 76, 65, 77, 32, 231, 237, 5, 73, 22, 78, 76, 22, 78, 158,
-    134, 4, 66, 242, 210, 1, 84, 138, 34, 83, 14, 74, 3, 82, 4, 199, 247, 3,
-    76, 8, 182, 84, 78, 234, 166, 5, 71, 3, 89, 9, 33, 6, 82, 83, 73, 65, 78,
-    32, 6, 50, 66, 16, 3, 68, 72, 65, 17, 3, 71, 72, 65, 2, 131, 79, 72, 2,
-    147, 2, 76, 2, 143, 243, 4, 77, 4, 52, 7, 69, 86, 69, 82, 83, 69, 68,
-    211, 150, 4, 73, 2, 251, 182, 4, 32, 14, 142, 1, 69, 40, 7, 79, 71, 68,
-    73, 65, 78, 32, 64, 12, 85, 80, 69, 82, 83, 67, 82, 73, 80, 84, 32, 65,
-    166, 250, 4, 72, 177, 82, 2, 65, 68, 2, 17, 2, 77, 75, 2, 175, 251, 3,
-    65, 6, 42, 90, 32, 2, 75, 72, 131, 227, 5, 70, 2, 195, 206, 4, 72, 2, 11,
-    76, 2, 11, 65, 2, 183, 248, 5, 80, 6, 36, 3, 69, 84, 72, 255, 250, 4, 65,
-    5, 237, 85, 6, 32, 71, 65, 82, 83, 72, 5, 215, 203, 5, 32, 4, 225, 223,
-    3, 2, 73, 78, 6, 21, 3, 72, 65, 32, 6, 42, 68, 186, 223, 3, 66, 223, 155,
-    1, 65, 2, 17, 2, 79, 84, 2, 155, 152, 1, 84, 8, 58, 66, 210, 144, 2, 87,
-    217, 189, 1, 4, 85, 75, 75, 65, 4, 173, 204, 3, 2, 65, 83, 14, 88, 8, 66,
-    76, 73, 78, 69, 65, 82, 32, 113, 10, 80, 82, 65, 76, 73, 78, 69, 65, 82,
-    32, 8, 44, 5, 67, 79, 76, 79, 78, 227, 170, 3, 70, 7, 11, 32, 4, 29, 5,
-    83, 75, 69, 87, 69, 4, 171, 202, 5, 68, 6, 44, 5, 67, 79, 76, 79, 78,
-    243, 169, 3, 70, 5, 185, 194, 5, 7, 32, 83, 75, 69, 87, 69, 68, 8, 62,
-    72, 25, 11, 87, 79, 32, 86, 69, 82, 84, 73, 67, 65, 76, 4, 21, 3, 82, 69,
-    69, 4, 25, 4, 32, 68, 79, 84, 4, 239, 218, 3, 83, 148, 41, 102, 45, 58,
-    65, 166, 106, 69, 254, 45, 72, 174, 46, 73, 254, 72, 79, 182, 20, 82,
-    226, 16, 85, 191, 9, 87, 4, 32, 2, 83, 72, 203, 205, 4, 82, 2, 179, 235,
-    4, 73, 244, 26, 182, 1, 66, 82, 71, 192, 17, 2, 73, 32, 182, 29, 75, 152,
-    5, 9, 76, 76, 89, 32, 77, 65, 82, 75, 32, 34, 77, 226, 37, 78, 156, 13,
-    3, 80, 69, 32, 94, 85, 150, 233, 4, 67, 159, 11, 88, 5, 249, 123, 16, 76,
-    69, 32, 84, 69, 78, 78, 73, 83, 32, 80, 65, 68, 68, 76, 69, 144, 2, 78,
-    32, 224, 11, 5, 65, 76, 79, 71, 32, 253, 2, 6, 66, 65, 78, 87, 65, 32,
-    190, 1, 158, 1, 65, 102, 67, 186, 1, 68, 58, 69, 98, 71, 118, 72, 46, 76,
-    222, 3, 80, 54, 81, 62, 82, 106, 83, 194, 77, 78, 166, 213, 1, 84, 166,
-    118, 70, 159, 177, 1, 86, 6, 42, 80, 170, 180, 2, 77, 147, 169, 1, 83, 2,
-    17, 2, 79, 83, 2, 197, 192, 5, 4, 84, 82, 79, 80, 8, 18, 73, 63, 79, 2,
-    25, 4, 82, 67, 85, 77, 2, 213, 2, 4, 70, 76, 69, 88, 6, 26, 77, 231, 156,
-    5, 76, 4, 11, 77, 4, 228, 216, 4, 7, 69, 82, 67, 73, 65, 76, 32, 211,
-    147, 1, 65, 22, 26, 79, 207, 253, 3, 73, 2, 11, 76, 2, 175, 85, 76, 4,
-    18, 81, 43, 88, 2, 17, 2, 85, 65, 2, 207, 209, 2, 76, 2, 221, 129, 5, 4,
-    67, 76, 65, 77, 4, 11, 82, 4, 18, 65, 55, 69, 2, 11, 86, 2, 11, 69, 2,
-    209, 121, 3, 32, 65, 67, 2, 137, 4, 4, 65, 84, 69, 82, 2, 129, 141, 2, 6,
-    89, 80, 72, 69, 78, 45, 114, 38, 65, 246, 2, 69, 183, 129, 4, 79, 104,
-    25, 4, 84, 73, 78, 32, 104, 34, 67, 33, 4, 83, 77, 65, 76, 52, 29, 5, 65,
-    80, 73, 84, 65, 52, 41, 8, 76, 32, 76, 69, 84, 84, 69, 82, 52, 11, 32,
-    52, 254, 231, 5, 65, 2, 66, 2, 67, 2, 68, 2, 69, 2, 70, 2, 71, 2, 72, 2,
-    73, 2, 74, 2, 75, 2, 76, 2, 77, 2, 78, 2, 79, 2, 80, 2, 81, 2, 82, 2, 83,
-    2, 84, 2, 85, 2, 86, 2, 87, 2, 88, 2, 89, 3, 90, 8, 22, 83, 195, 1, 70,
-    2, 11, 83, 2, 145, 64, 3, 45, 84, 72, 4, 26, 69, 247, 203, 2, 76, 2, 185,
-    68, 2, 82, 67, 4, 11, 85, 4, 26, 79, 235, 154, 3, 69, 2, 227, 251, 4, 84,
-    8, 36, 3, 73, 71, 72, 159, 210, 3, 69, 6, 17, 2, 84, 32, 6, 238, 135, 2,
-    67, 134, 2, 80, 155, 2, 83, 6, 174, 174, 2, 69, 202, 165, 1, 79, 155,
-    211, 1, 80, 46, 80, 7, 76, 69, 84, 84, 69, 82, 32, 208, 1, 5, 83, 73, 71,
-    78, 32, 159, 2, 86, 38, 162, 1, 65, 218, 146, 2, 78, 210, 204, 3, 66, 2,
-    68, 2, 71, 2, 72, 2, 75, 2, 76, 2, 77, 2, 80, 2, 82, 2, 83, 2, 84, 2, 87,
-    2, 89, 186, 2, 73, 3, 85, 5, 145, 151, 5, 6, 82, 67, 72, 65, 73, 67, 4,
-    18, 80, 51, 86, 2, 25, 4, 65, 77, 85, 68, 2, 159, 191, 2, 80, 2, 247,
-    174, 3, 73, 36, 48, 7, 76, 69, 84, 84, 69, 82, 32, 147, 1, 86, 32, 158,
-    145, 2, 78, 210, 204, 3, 66, 2, 68, 2, 71, 2, 75, 2, 76, 2, 77, 2, 80, 2,
-    83, 2, 84, 2, 87, 2, 89, 186, 2, 65, 2, 73, 3, 85, 4, 41, 8, 79, 87, 69,
-    76, 32, 83, 73, 71, 4, 11, 78, 4, 179, 158, 5, 32, 212, 3, 112, 10, 76,
-    69, 32, 76, 69, 84, 84, 69, 82, 32, 248, 2, 5, 84, 72, 65, 77, 32, 193,
-    18, 5, 86, 73, 69, 84, 32, 70, 186, 1, 65, 34, 69, 30, 84, 214, 140, 2,
-    78, 138, 144, 1, 79, 206, 247, 1, 75, 2, 80, 162, 7, 85, 222, 61, 70, 2,
-    72, 2, 76, 2, 77, 2, 81, 2, 83, 2, 86, 2, 88, 2, 89, 187, 2, 73, 7, 194,
-    197, 5, 85, 215, 22, 73, 7, 246, 219, 5, 69, 3, 72, 18, 60, 3, 79, 78,
-    69, 234, 147, 5, 83, 254, 68, 72, 187, 2, 65, 10, 11, 45, 10, 142, 219,
-    5, 50, 2, 51, 2, 52, 2, 53, 3, 54, 254, 1, 196, 1, 2, 67, 79, 240, 3, 4,
-    72, 79, 82, 65, 0, 4, 84, 72, 65, 77, 28, 7, 76, 69, 84, 84, 69, 82, 32,
-    220, 4, 5, 83, 73, 71, 78, 32, 217, 5, 11, 86, 79, 87, 69, 76, 32, 83,
-    73, 71, 78, 32, 20, 164, 1, 13, 78, 83, 79, 78, 65, 78, 84, 32, 83, 73,
-    71, 78, 32, 237, 198, 4, 21, 77, 66, 73, 78, 73, 78, 71, 32, 67, 82, 89,
-    80, 84, 79, 71, 82, 65, 77, 77, 73, 67, 18, 148, 1, 6, 70, 73, 78, 65,
-    76, 32, 22, 76, 56, 16, 72, 73, 71, 72, 32, 82, 65, 84, 72, 65, 32, 79,
-    82, 32, 76, 79, 22, 77, 186, 211, 5, 66, 3, 83, 2, 151, 148, 5, 78, 4,
-    54, 79, 149, 151, 1, 7, 65, 32, 84, 65, 78, 71, 32, 2, 167, 216, 1, 87,
-    6, 48, 6, 69, 68, 73, 65, 76, 32, 191, 213, 5, 65, 4, 130, 211, 5, 76, 3,
-    82, 20, 129, 231, 3, 2, 32, 68, 106, 188, 1, 2, 71, 82, 44, 5, 72, 73,
-    71, 72, 32, 94, 76, 222, 1, 82, 198, 129, 2, 85, 210, 200, 1, 73, 166,
-    15, 78, 182, 216, 1, 79, 162, 8, 69, 158, 20, 66, 2, 68, 2, 77, 2, 87,
-    187, 2, 65, 2, 21, 3, 69, 65, 84, 2, 231, 208, 5, 32, 32, 242, 1, 75, 42,
-    82, 250, 136, 5, 83, 82, 67, 2, 80, 2, 84, 254, 68, 70, 2, 72, 3, 89, 36,
-    60, 3, 79, 87, 32, 234, 145, 5, 65, 194, 41, 85, 159, 20, 76, 28, 86, 75,
-    42, 82, 202, 137, 5, 67, 2, 80, 2, 84, 254, 68, 70, 2, 72, 2, 83, 3, 89,
-    6, 234, 206, 5, 72, 2, 88, 187, 2, 65, 2, 189, 217, 3, 2, 65, 84, 8, 26,
-    65, 243, 185, 5, 85, 7, 138, 206, 5, 78, 3, 84, 50, 182, 1, 72, 34, 75,
-    176, 1, 4, 77, 65, 73, 32, 82, 82, 136, 1, 2, 83, 65, 92, 5, 87, 73, 65,
-    78, 71, 152, 27, 4, 84, 79, 78, 69, 224, 100, 3, 68, 79, 75, 177, 242, 3,
-    2, 67, 65, 4, 130, 254, 4, 65, 167, 63, 79, 14, 52, 4, 72, 85, 69, 78,
-    134, 3, 65, 139, 177, 4, 69, 8, 80, 6, 32, 84, 79, 78, 69, 45, 145, 134,
-    4, 8, 45, 76, 85, 69, 32, 75, 65, 82, 6, 194, 205, 5, 51, 2, 52, 3, 53,
-    8, 56, 4, 75, 65, 78, 71, 194, 136, 1, 89, 235, 138, 3, 83, 5, 243, 141,
-    1, 32, 4, 92, 3, 65, 32, 72, 21, 16, 69, 86, 69, 82, 83, 69, 68, 32, 82,
-    79, 84, 65, 84, 69, 68, 32, 2, 179, 146, 4, 65, 2, 171, 162, 3, 82, 8,
-    48, 3, 84, 75, 65, 226, 131, 4, 87, 139, 119, 75, 4, 17, 2, 65, 78, 5,
-    251, 219, 3, 75, 5, 133, 156, 3, 2, 87, 65, 38, 90, 65, 36, 4, 77, 65,
-    73, 32, 22, 79, 46, 84, 86, 85, 242, 193, 3, 73, 207, 134, 2, 69, 9, 242,
-    201, 5, 65, 2, 69, 3, 73, 2, 255, 181, 4, 83, 11, 218, 176, 3, 65, 226,
-    152, 2, 79, 3, 89, 4, 42, 65, 129, 138, 1, 4, 72, 65, 77, 32, 2, 17, 2,
-    76, 76, 2, 135, 217, 3, 32, 9, 166, 136, 5, 85, 151, 64, 69, 144, 1, 184,
-    1, 7, 76, 69, 84, 84, 69, 82, 32, 188, 2, 5, 77, 65, 73, 32, 75, 32, 7,
-    83, 89, 77, 66, 79, 76, 32, 124, 9, 84, 79, 78, 69, 32, 77, 65, 73, 32,
-    81, 6, 86, 79, 87, 69, 76, 32, 96, 44, 4, 72, 73, 71, 72, 1, 3, 76, 79,
-    87, 48, 11, 32, 48, 154, 1, 75, 30, 67, 2, 80, 2, 84, 34, 78, 214, 165,
-    5, 66, 2, 68, 2, 70, 2, 71, 2, 72, 2, 76, 2, 77, 2, 82, 2, 83, 2, 86, 2,
-    89, 247, 30, 79, 6, 26, 72, 235, 196, 5, 79, 4, 242, 165, 5, 72, 247, 30,
-    79, 6, 210, 165, 5, 71, 2, 89, 247, 30, 79, 4, 178, 243, 4, 65, 183, 52,
-    72, 10, 72, 2, 75, 79, 110, 78, 164, 128, 1, 4, 72, 79, 32, 72, 235, 136,
-    3, 83, 4, 140, 129, 1, 3, 73, 32, 75, 167, 194, 4, 78, 8, 58, 78, 178,
-    134, 1, 84, 186, 255, 1, 83, 203, 185, 2, 69, 2, 151, 134, 3, 85, 26, 50,
-    65, 58, 85, 30, 73, 174, 193, 5, 69, 3, 79, 10, 170, 171, 5, 85, 214, 22,
-    65, 2, 77, 2, 78, 3, 89, 9, 26, 69, 175, 193, 5, 65, 5, 171, 193, 5, 65,
-    138, 1, 52, 3, 82, 73, 32, 173, 180, 4, 4, 69, 79, 85, 84, 136, 1, 82,
-    65, 20, 7, 76, 69, 84, 84, 69, 82, 32, 170, 2, 83, 78, 86, 227, 206, 3,
-    68, 2, 163, 213, 1, 66, 88, 214, 1, 65, 254, 157, 1, 82, 242, 55, 68, 46,
-    84, 230, 24, 85, 210, 200, 1, 73, 158, 190, 1, 78, 126, 66, 2, 67, 2, 71,
-    2, 74, 2, 75, 2, 80, 2, 83, 254, 68, 72, 2, 76, 2, 77, 2, 86, 2, 89, 186,
-    2, 69, 3, 79, 11, 176, 149, 3, 7, 82, 67, 72, 65, 73, 67, 32, 230, 168,
-    2, 65, 2, 73, 3, 85, 8, 25, 4, 73, 71, 78, 32, 8, 226, 215, 1, 78, 222,
-    160, 3, 65, 239, 1, 86, 18, 49, 10, 79, 87, 69, 76, 32, 83, 73, 71, 78,
-    32, 18, 238, 215, 1, 65, 190, 21, 85, 210, 200, 1, 73, 206, 134, 2, 69,
-    3, 79, 4, 226, 51, 70, 139, 239, 3, 79, 188, 6, 36, 3, 73, 76, 32, 147,
-    154, 4, 65, 186, 6, 170, 3, 65, 102, 67, 194, 2, 68, 72, 3, 87, 69, 84,
-    48, 9, 70, 82, 65, 67, 84, 73, 79, 78, 32, 136, 8, 9, 73, 78, 32, 80, 79,
-    83, 83, 69, 83, 22, 76, 204, 2, 7, 78, 85, 77, 66, 69, 82, 32, 152, 1,
-    18, 80, 85, 78, 67, 84, 85, 65, 84, 73, 79, 78, 32, 69, 78, 68, 32, 79,
-    70, 54, 82, 42, 83, 188, 14, 11, 86, 79, 87, 69, 76, 32, 83, 73, 71, 78,
-    32, 78, 84, 228, 1, 2, 89, 69, 184, 143, 4, 5, 77, 79, 78, 84, 72, 147,
-    118, 79, 6, 76, 5, 83, 32, 65, 66, 79, 206, 55, 85, 149, 154, 3, 5, 78,
-    68, 32, 79, 68, 2, 219, 159, 3, 86, 52, 80, 9, 79, 78, 83, 79, 78, 65,
-    78, 84, 32, 192, 21, 3, 85, 82, 82, 143, 10, 82, 48, 130, 1, 75, 22, 76,
-    22, 78, 46, 84, 170, 193, 1, 83, 170, 16, 82, 166, 227, 3, 67, 2, 72, 2,
-    74, 2, 77, 2, 80, 2, 86, 3, 89, 5, 247, 247, 4, 83, 7, 151, 185, 4, 76,
-    11, 158, 189, 3, 78, 130, 248, 1, 71, 3, 89, 5, 243, 180, 5, 84, 26, 68,
-    2, 82, 89, 172, 29, 2, 69, 66, 234, 248, 1, 65, 247, 175, 1, 73, 2, 213,
-    201, 1, 7, 32, 67, 85, 76, 84, 73, 86, 42, 168, 1, 4, 79, 78, 69, 32,
-    252, 4, 6, 84, 72, 82, 69, 69, 32, 165, 172, 5, 22, 68, 79, 87, 78, 83,
-    67, 65, 76, 73, 78, 71, 32, 70, 65, 67, 84, 79, 82, 32, 75, 73, 73, 30,
-    112, 5, 69, 73, 71, 72, 84, 34, 70, 40, 3, 72, 65, 76, 18, 79, 88, 4, 83,
-    73, 88, 84, 110, 84, 187, 175, 3, 81, 4, 242, 3, 73, 215, 173, 5, 72, 4,
-    188, 3, 2, 79, 82, 191, 173, 3, 73, 4, 171, 1, 70, 2, 133, 3, 18, 78, 69,
-    45, 72, 85, 78, 68, 82, 69, 68, 45, 65, 78, 68, 45, 83, 73, 88, 6, 64, 5,
-    69, 69, 78, 84, 72, 165, 233, 1, 5, 89, 45, 70, 79, 85, 4, 11, 45, 4,
-    198, 175, 5, 49, 3, 50, 8, 38, 72, 138, 1, 87, 239, 174, 3, 69, 4, 132,
-    1, 18, 82, 69, 69, 45, 72, 85, 78, 68, 82, 69, 68, 45, 65, 78, 68, 45,
-    84, 87, 249, 242, 3, 8, 73, 82, 84, 89, 45, 83, 69, 67, 2, 17, 2, 69, 78,
-    2, 17, 2, 84, 73, 2, 207, 174, 3, 69, 10, 58, 69, 28, 4, 83, 73, 88, 84,
-    82, 84, 163, 174, 3, 81, 2, 129, 1, 3, 73, 71, 72, 4, 50, 69, 149, 175,
-    3, 6, 89, 45, 70, 79, 85, 82, 2, 145, 175, 3, 2, 69, 78, 2, 21, 3, 87,
-    69, 78, 2, 221, 174, 3, 3, 84, 73, 69, 2, 247, 209, 1, 83, 72, 48, 6, 69,
-    84, 84, 69, 82, 32, 187, 197, 3, 65, 70, 198, 1, 78, 138, 24, 84, 222,
-    22, 76, 210, 90, 82, 206, 55, 65, 182, 25, 85, 158, 144, 1, 79, 182, 56,
-    73, 202, 190, 1, 83, 242, 7, 69, 222, 61, 67, 2, 72, 2, 74, 2, 75, 2, 77,
-    2, 80, 2, 86, 3, 89, 10, 46, 78, 234, 166, 5, 71, 2, 89, 187, 2, 65, 4,
-    230, 166, 5, 78, 187, 2, 65, 8, 38, 79, 230, 215, 3, 84, 167, 74, 83, 4,
-    11, 78, 4, 17, 2, 69, 32, 4, 18, 72, 31, 84, 2, 213, 72, 3, 85, 78, 68,
-    2, 229, 238, 1, 3, 72, 79, 85, 2, 17, 2, 32, 84, 2, 11, 69, 2, 155, 139,
-    5, 88, 2, 17, 2, 85, 80, 2, 199, 143, 3, 69, 194, 4, 152, 1, 5, 65, 76,
-    84, 32, 80, 20, 4, 73, 71, 78, 32, 206, 4, 80, 28, 9, 84, 65, 82, 84, 73,
-    78, 71, 32, 70, 41, 8, 89, 76, 76, 65, 66, 76, 69, 32, 2, 207, 175, 3,
-    65, 40, 90, 65, 48, 3, 67, 69, 86, 34, 75, 80, 2, 77, 85, 102, 85, 14,
-    80, 118, 86, 163, 65, 78, 4, 216, 2, 4, 65, 90, 72, 65, 195, 221, 4, 78,
-    2, 11, 73, 2, 215, 255, 4, 84, 6, 38, 85, 157, 255, 4, 3, 65, 65, 67, 4,
-    18, 90, 87, 82, 2, 151, 144, 5, 72, 6, 60, 4, 75, 75, 85, 82, 16, 2, 84,
-    72, 21, 3, 85, 86, 85, 2, 163, 83, 85, 2, 203, 241, 2, 65, 2, 75, 90, 8,
-    26, 65, 255, 210, 4, 79, 6, 34, 84, 230, 232, 3, 65, 15, 78, 2, 11, 72,
-    2, 17, 2, 65, 75, 2, 163, 253, 4, 75, 10, 38, 65, 210, 82, 69, 143, 140,
-    4, 73, 4, 176, 103, 3, 82, 65, 65, 213, 202, 2, 6, 75, 65, 73, 89, 65,
-    82, 2, 11, 69, 2, 159, 10, 78, 2, 17, 2, 82, 79, 2, 243, 153, 4, 77, 148,
-    4, 122, 75, 170, 1, 76, 174, 1, 78, 194, 1, 82, 90, 83, 186, 1, 84, 86,
-    67, 2, 72, 2, 74, 2, 77, 2, 80, 2, 86, 3, 89, 46, 88, 2, 83, 83, 150,
-    186, 1, 65, 190, 21, 85, 158, 144, 1, 79, 182, 56, 73, 187, 198, 1, 69,
-    24, 154, 182, 1, 65, 182, 25, 85, 158, 144, 1, 79, 182, 56, 73, 187, 198,
-    1, 69, 66, 82, 76, 246, 184, 1, 65, 190, 21, 85, 158, 144, 1, 79, 182,
-    56, 73, 187, 198, 1, 69, 44, 250, 4, 76, 250, 179, 1, 65, 190, 21, 85,
-    158, 144, 1, 79, 182, 56, 73, 187, 198, 1, 69, 110, 102, 78, 190, 3, 71,
-    2, 89, 250, 179, 1, 65, 190, 21, 85, 158, 144, 1, 79, 182, 56, 73, 187,
-    198, 1, 69, 44, 186, 3, 78, 250, 179, 1, 65, 190, 21, 85, 158, 144, 1,
-    79, 182, 56, 73, 187, 198, 1, 69, 44, 226, 2, 82, 250, 179, 1, 65, 190,
-    21, 85, 158, 144, 1, 79, 182, 56, 73, 187, 198, 1, 69, 68, 94, 72, 174,
-    1, 83, 250, 179, 1, 65, 190, 21, 85, 158, 144, 1, 79, 182, 56, 73, 187,
-    198, 1, 69, 24, 162, 181, 1, 65, 190, 21, 85, 158, 144, 1, 79, 230, 2,
-    82, 210, 53, 73, 187, 198, 1, 69, 44, 82, 84, 250, 179, 1, 65, 190, 21,
-    85, 158, 144, 1, 79, 182, 56, 73, 187, 198, 1, 69, 22, 246, 179, 1, 65,
-    190, 21, 85, 158, 144, 1, 79, 182, 56, 73, 187, 198, 1, 69, 6, 68, 2, 79,
-    84, 33, 11, 82, 65, 68, 73, 84, 73, 79, 78, 65, 76, 32, 2, 11, 65, 2,
-    199, 144, 4, 76, 4, 24, 2, 67, 82, 55, 78, 2, 17, 2, 69, 68, 2, 11, 73,
-    2, 247, 143, 4, 84, 2, 11, 85, 2, 17, 2, 77, 66, 2, 23, 69, 2, 11, 65, 2,
-    171, 143, 4, 82, 184, 13, 36, 5, 65, 66, 65, 84, 65, 35, 71, 2, 11, 32,
-    2, 135, 169, 3, 84, 182, 13, 54, 69, 20, 3, 83, 65, 32, 241, 6, 3, 85,
-    84, 32, 2, 215, 251, 3, 82, 178, 1, 52, 7, 76, 69, 84, 84, 69, 82, 32,
-    143, 166, 3, 68, 158, 1, 210, 1, 65, 58, 70, 54, 72, 62, 76, 58, 77, 54,
-    78, 50, 83, 126, 85, 114, 69, 2, 73, 2, 79, 2, 86, 158, 198, 4, 84, 82,
-    67, 2, 68, 2, 71, 2, 75, 2, 80, 254, 68, 66, 2, 82, 2, 87, 2, 88, 2, 89,
-    3, 90, 16, 174, 4, 87, 162, 142, 5, 67, 2, 81, 2, 88, 3, 90, 4, 168, 193,
-    4, 5, 73, 78, 65, 76, 32, 239, 80, 65, 6, 26, 84, 203, 145, 5, 65, 4,
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     77, 33, 3, 76, 67, 69, 2, 45, 9, 78, 86, 69, 82, 84, 69, 68, 32, 77, 2,
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-    69, 2, 251, 19, 76, 2, 25, 4, 69, 76, 73, 77, 2, 183, 137, 2, 73, 10, 24,
-    2, 76, 76, 35, 80, 5, 229, 188, 1, 3, 69, 89, 66, 6, 44, 5, 73, 67, 65,
-    76, 32, 191, 173, 3, 72, 4, 18, 68, 47, 70, 2, 11, 82, 2, 11, 73, 2, 191,
-    187, 3, 78, 2, 167, 217, 1, 73, 6, 18, 69, 79, 77, 5, 205, 153, 3, 14,
-    32, 76, 73, 71, 72, 84, 32, 77, 79, 79, 78, 32, 65, 82, 2, 195, 136, 3,
-    80, 56, 80, 3, 71, 82, 73, 22, 82, 148, 165, 2, 5, 77, 66, 76, 69, 82,
-    151, 150, 1, 76, 2, 255, 181, 2, 75, 50, 50, 75, 84, 4, 78, 69, 68, 32,
-    171, 154, 2, 84, 4, 48, 6, 73, 83, 72, 32, 76, 73, 167, 170, 3, 69, 2,
-    11, 82, 2, 247, 180, 2, 65, 44, 238, 1, 65, 80, 6, 66, 76, 65, 67, 75,
-    32, 40, 7, 87, 72, 73, 84, 69, 32, 83, 22, 67, 50, 68, 96, 2, 78, 79, 32,
-    2, 79, 75, 30, 83, 185, 146, 3, 21, 71, 82, 69, 69, 75, 32, 83, 77, 65,
-    76, 76, 32, 76, 69, 84, 84, 69, 82, 32, 73, 79, 4, 26, 77, 147, 152, 2,
-    78, 2, 17, 2, 80, 69, 2, 11, 82, 2, 179, 171, 2, 83, 4, 18, 80, 23, 83,
-    2, 223, 129, 2, 69, 2, 207, 131, 2, 72, 4, 144, 3, 5, 65, 80, 73, 84, 65,
-    167, 106, 79, 6, 30, 65, 33, 3, 73, 71, 73, 2, 11, 71, 2, 147, 250, 2,
-    71, 4, 129, 203, 1, 3, 84, 32, 84, 6, 162, 2, 82, 183, 174, 2, 84, 2,
-    177, 209, 1, 2, 32, 72, 14, 128, 1, 18, 65, 78, 83, 45, 83, 69, 82, 73,
-    70, 32, 67, 65, 80, 73, 84, 65, 76, 32, 38, 69, 32, 3, 77, 65, 76, 33, 2,
-    79, 85, 6, 254, 181, 3, 71, 2, 76, 3, 89, 2, 11, 77, 2, 203, 229, 2, 73,
-    2, 11, 76, 2, 163, 180, 2, 32, 4, 21, 3, 84, 72, 32, 4, 32, 2, 69, 65, 1,
-    2, 87, 69, 2, 53, 11, 83, 84, 32, 80, 79, 73, 78, 84, 73, 78, 71, 2, 17,
-    2, 32, 76, 2, 251, 178, 2, 69, 36, 58, 69, 52, 8, 73, 83, 84, 69, 68, 32,
-    82, 73, 63, 79, 2, 17, 2, 76, 86, 2, 209, 159, 1, 3, 69, 32, 80, 2, 17,
-    2, 71, 72, 2, 153, 93, 6, 84, 87, 65, 82, 68, 83, 32, 30, 32, 249, 9, 2,
-    45, 69, 30, 200, 2, 24, 65, 83, 84, 69, 82, 73, 83, 75, 83, 32, 65, 76,
-    73, 71, 78, 69, 68, 32, 86, 69, 82, 84, 73, 67, 34, 66, 86, 67, 116, 3,
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-    78, 71, 32, 76, 92, 6, 74, 79, 73, 78, 69, 68, 64, 8, 76, 79, 71, 73, 67,
-    65, 76, 32, 98, 77, 0, 3, 87, 79, 77, 119, 83, 2, 11, 65, 2, 171, 140, 3,
-    76, 2, 29, 5, 85, 84, 84, 79, 78, 2, 17, 2, 32, 77, 2, 11, 79, 2, 147,
-    166, 2, 85, 2, 93, 21, 79, 78, 83, 69, 67, 85, 84, 73, 86, 69, 32, 69,
-    81, 85, 65, 76, 83, 32, 83, 73, 71, 2, 195, 240, 2, 78, 6, 18, 32, 55,
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-    86, 69, 82, 32, 79, 78, 69, 32, 68, 2, 11, 79, 2, 11, 84, 2, 17, 2, 32,
-    80, 2, 29, 5, 85, 78, 67, 84, 85, 2, 239, 219, 2, 65, 2, 11, 69, 2, 11,
-    65, 2, 243, 151, 2, 82, 4, 17, 2, 79, 71, 4, 25, 4, 73, 67, 65, 76, 4,
-    11, 32, 4, 214, 157, 2, 65, 147, 85, 79, 2, 17, 2, 32, 83, 2, 21, 3, 81,
-    85, 65, 2, 139, 151, 2, 82, 4, 30, 79, 13, 3, 65, 78, 68, 2, 11, 82, 2,
-    11, 32, 2, 11, 79, 2, 11, 80, 2, 183, 17, 69, 2, 11, 69, 2, 45, 9, 78,
-    32, 72, 79, 76, 68, 73, 78, 71, 2, 11, 32, 2, 11, 72, 2, 11, 65, 2, 207,
-    204, 1, 78, 2, 49, 10, 80, 69, 69, 67, 72, 32, 66, 85, 66, 66, 2, 239,
-    148, 2, 76, 2, 11, 77, 2, 133, 195, 1, 2, 32, 68, 140, 3, 140, 1, 8, 71,
-    65, 82, 73, 84, 73, 67, 32, 148, 6, 7, 77, 66, 82, 69, 76, 76, 65, 166,
-    1, 78, 154, 8, 80, 174, 148, 1, 82, 135, 131, 2, 83, 62, 48, 7, 76, 69,
-    84, 84, 69, 82, 32, 159, 5, 87, 60, 206, 1, 65, 28, 2, 81, 79, 22, 66,
-    22, 68, 50, 71, 44, 2, 72, 79, 22, 75, 34, 76, 32, 2, 82, 65, 22, 83, 74,
-    84, 74, 89, 22, 90, 186, 161, 2, 78, 178, 91, 80, 246, 5, 87, 202, 12,
-    77, 174, 18, 73, 3, 85, 4, 26, 76, 143, 213, 2, 73, 2, 167, 162, 3, 80,
-    2, 255, 255, 2, 69, 4, 26, 69, 247, 154, 2, 72, 2, 207, 255, 2, 76, 4,
-    214, 248, 1, 72, 153, 137, 1, 2, 65, 77, 5, 163, 161, 3, 84, 4, 186, 162,
-    2, 65, 215, 126, 72, 2, 11, 65, 2, 151, 254, 2, 77, 2, 203, 171, 1, 83,
-    8, 38, 65, 146, 163, 2, 72, 215, 90, 83, 4, 246, 139, 3, 68, 239, 13, 77,
-    6, 38, 72, 218, 133, 3, 69, 175, 28, 79, 2, 11, 65, 2, 179, 231, 1, 78,
-    2, 207, 219, 2, 79, 4, 130, 253, 2, 69, 207, 36, 85, 2, 21, 3, 79, 82,
-    68, 2, 25, 4, 32, 68, 73, 86, 2, 139, 125, 73, 7, 11, 32, 4, 84, 4, 79,
-    78, 32, 71, 45, 13, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32, 82, 65, 73, 78, 32, 68, 82, 79,
-    2, 11, 82, 2, 11, 79, 2, 143, 146, 2, 85, 2, 139, 226, 2, 80, 32, 160, 1,
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-    18, 77, 65, 82, 82, 73, 69, 68, 32, 80, 65, 82, 84, 78, 69, 82, 83, 72,
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-    138, 2, 79, 2, 11, 82, 2, 151, 130, 3, 84, 22, 60, 2, 79, 78, 230, 3, 84,
-    106, 86, 201, 43, 3, 67, 79, 82, 15, 11, 32, 12, 160, 1, 6, 65, 66, 79,
-    86, 69, 32, 108, 22, 66, 69, 83, 73, 68, 69, 32, 65, 78, 68, 32, 74, 79,
-    73, 78, 69, 68, 32, 87, 73, 84, 72, 41, 5, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32, 4, 52, 9,
-    66, 65, 82, 32, 65, 66, 79, 86, 69, 23, 73, 2, 17, 2, 32, 73, 2, 229, 39,
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-    2, 11, 85, 2, 223, 146, 2, 83, 2, 11, 86, 2, 229, 73, 2, 69, 82, 4, 18,
-    32, 67, 69, 2, 11, 83, 2, 17, 2, 69, 80, 2, 11, 65, 2, 219, 223, 2, 82,
-    2, 171, 133, 2, 68, 2, 57, 12, 69, 82, 83, 65, 76, 32, 82, 69, 67, 89,
-    67, 76, 2, 17, 2, 73, 78, 2, 199, 132, 2, 71, 2, 179, 132, 2, 80, 164, 2,
-    170, 1, 32, 128, 8, 10, 45, 80, 79, 73, 78, 84, 73, 78, 71, 32, 248, 3,
-    4, 80, 69, 82, 32, 168, 29, 8, 83, 73, 68, 69, 45, 68, 79, 87, 21, 6, 87,
-    65, 82, 68, 83, 32, 38, 140, 1, 5, 65, 82, 82, 79, 87, 240, 1, 5, 66, 65,
-    82, 66, 32, 228, 1, 5, 68, 79, 87, 78, 32, 210, 1, 70, 30, 82, 89, 4, 84,
-    65, 67, 75, 8, 60, 7, 32, 84, 72, 82, 79, 85, 71, 21, 4, 72, 69, 65, 68,
-    2, 143, 197, 1, 72, 7, 11, 32, 4, 112, 22, 66, 69, 84, 87, 69, 69, 78,
-    32, 84, 87, 79, 32, 72, 79, 82, 73, 90, 79, 78, 84, 65, 76, 159, 134, 2,
-    73, 2, 181, 254, 1, 2, 32, 66, 8, 44, 3, 76, 69, 70, 1, 4, 82, 73, 71,
-    72, 4, 57, 12, 84, 32, 68, 79, 87, 78, 32, 66, 65, 82, 66, 32, 4, 44, 3,
-    76, 69, 70, 1, 4, 82, 73, 71, 72, 2, 11, 84, 2, 25, 4, 32, 72, 65, 82, 2,
-    11, 80, 2, 207, 193, 2, 79, 14, 76, 5, 65, 82, 82, 79, 87, 62, 66, 38,
-    68, 18, 83, 202, 43, 87, 215, 9, 84, 5, 37, 7, 32, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32,
-    66, 2, 175, 135, 2, 65, 2, 209, 245, 1, 4, 76, 65, 67, 75, 2, 147, 44,
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-    87, 73, 84, 72, 2, 33, 6, 32, 67, 73, 82, 67, 76, 2, 159, 145, 2, 69, 14,
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-    11, 82, 2, 17, 2, 80, 76, 2, 179, 243, 1, 65, 2, 11, 69, 2, 199, 232, 1,
-    68, 4, 37, 7, 82, 73, 65, 78, 71, 76, 69, 4, 11, 32, 4, 11, 87, 4, 25, 4,
-    73, 84, 72, 32, 4, 18, 76, 27, 82, 2, 11, 69, 2, 35, 70, 2, 21, 3, 73,
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-    2, 66, 74, 70, 36, 5, 72, 65, 76, 70, 32, 148, 3, 5, 76, 69, 70, 84, 32,
-    226, 5, 79, 60, 6, 82, 73, 71, 72, 84, 32, 218, 12, 83, 63, 84, 8, 34,
-    76, 53, 4, 82, 73, 71, 72, 6, 48, 2, 69, 70, 149, 1, 5, 79, 87, 69, 82,
-    32, 2, 53, 11, 84, 32, 65, 78, 68, 32, 76, 79, 87, 69, 82, 2, 217, 25,
-    19, 32, 84, 82, 73, 65, 78, 71, 85, 76, 65, 82, 32, 84, 72, 82, 69, 69,
-    32, 81, 4, 28, 2, 84, 82, 179, 29, 79, 2, 205, 3, 7, 73, 65, 78, 71, 85,
-    76, 65, 2, 17, 2, 76, 65, 2, 17, 2, 68, 69, 2, 177, 208, 1, 3, 32, 83,
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-    73, 78, 86, 69, 82, 83, 69, 4, 100, 21, 77, 69, 68, 73, 85, 77, 32, 83,
-    72, 65, 68, 69, 32, 65, 78, 68, 32, 76, 79, 87, 69, 51, 87, 2, 11, 82, 2,
-    141, 26, 5, 32, 72, 65, 76, 70, 2, 21, 3, 72, 73, 84, 2, 147, 179, 1, 69,
-    34, 106, 66, 238, 3, 67, 54, 84, 176, 9, 13, 79, 82, 32, 76, 79, 87, 69,
-    82, 32, 82, 73, 71, 72, 143, 1, 81, 22, 65, 14, 76, 79, 67, 75, 32, 68,
-    73, 65, 71, 79, 78, 65, 76, 32, 22, 144, 1, 6, 76, 79, 87, 69, 82, 32,
-    173, 6, 24, 85, 80, 80, 69, 82, 32, 77, 73, 68, 68, 76, 69, 32, 76, 69,
-    70, 84, 32, 84, 79, 32, 85, 80, 80, 18, 176, 1, 10, 67, 69, 78, 84, 82,
-    69, 32, 84, 79, 32, 36, 8, 76, 69, 70, 84, 32, 84, 79, 32, 169, 8, 18,
-    77, 73, 68, 68, 76, 69, 32, 76, 69, 70, 84, 32, 84, 79, 32, 85, 80, 80,
-    6, 70, 76, 193, 6, 3, 85, 80, 80, 6, 34, 76, 153, 7, 3, 85, 80, 80, 2,
-    217, 7, 2, 79, 87, 2, 29, 5, 79, 82, 78, 69, 82, 2, 139, 218, 1, 32, 6,
-    22, 79, 187, 12, 82, 2, 129, 12, 11, 32, 76, 79, 87, 69, 82, 32, 82, 73,
-    71, 72, 4, 11, 78, 4, 17, 2, 69, 32, 4, 150, 15, 81, 139, 4, 69, 40, 128,
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-    76, 69, 70, 106, 80, 38, 81, 104, 2, 83, 72, 51, 84, 22, 61, 13, 79, 67,
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-    76, 79, 87, 57, 6, 85, 80, 80, 69, 82, 32, 4, 21, 3, 69, 82, 32, 4, 246,
-    3, 67, 211, 202, 2, 82, 18, 176, 1, 10, 67, 69, 78, 84, 82, 69, 32, 84,
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-    68, 76, 69, 32, 76, 69, 70, 84, 32, 84, 79, 32, 76, 79, 87, 6, 32, 3, 76,
-    79, 87, 139, 1, 85, 4, 21, 3, 69, 82, 32, 4, 142, 2, 77, 171, 202, 2, 82,
-    6, 28, 3, 76, 79, 87, 51, 85, 4, 21, 3, 69, 82, 32, 4, 142, 1, 67, 43,
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-    82, 32, 65, 2, 163, 203, 1, 82, 4, 245, 97, 8, 65, 68, 79, 87, 69, 68,
-    32, 87, 6, 18, 79, 107, 82, 2, 49, 10, 32, 76, 79, 87, 69, 82, 32, 76,
-    69, 70, 2, 11, 84, 2, 11, 32, 2, 11, 70, 2, 163, 108, 73, 4, 25, 4, 73,
-    65, 78, 71, 4, 40, 4, 85, 76, 65, 82, 171, 217, 2, 76, 2, 17, 2, 32, 77,
-    2, 41, 8, 69, 68, 73, 85, 77, 32, 83, 72, 2, 199, 98, 65, 2, 17, 2, 69,
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-    45, 9, 76, 65, 82, 32, 79, 78, 69, 32, 81, 2, 165, 4, 6, 85, 65, 82, 84,
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-    11, 67, 2, 207, 166, 2, 79, 31, 11, 32, 28, 134, 1, 65, 180, 1, 14, 76,
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-    72, 32, 214, 8, 70, 175, 5, 84, 2, 41, 8, 78, 68, 32, 82, 73, 71, 72, 84,
-    2, 17, 2, 32, 79, 2, 25, 4, 78, 69, 32, 69, 2, 29, 5, 73, 71, 72, 84, 72,
-    2, 11, 32, 2, 11, 66, 2, 11, 76, 2, 239, 185, 1, 79, 2, 233, 200, 1, 3,
-    79, 87, 78, 20, 74, 68, 58, 76, 42, 77, 38, 78, 58, 83, 66, 69, 246, 12,
-    84, 139, 59, 72, 2, 21, 3, 79, 85, 66, 2, 11, 76, 2, 131, 183, 2, 69, 2,
-    11, 65, 2, 233, 23, 3, 82, 71, 69, 2, 205, 23, 5, 69, 68, 73, 85, 77, 2,
-    25, 4, 79, 84, 67, 72, 2, 11, 69, 2, 247, 56, 68, 4, 11, 77, 4, 25, 4,
-    65, 76, 76, 32, 4, 22, 69, 203, 22, 84, 2, 237, 22, 10, 81, 85, 73, 76,
-    65, 84, 69, 82, 65, 76, 4, 11, 76, 4, 25, 4, 65, 67, 75, 32, 4, 44, 5,
-    67, 73, 82, 67, 76, 143, 202, 1, 65, 2, 25, 4, 69, 68, 32, 87, 2, 11, 72,
-    2, 229, 14, 2, 73, 84, 4, 22, 79, 187, 13, 65, 2, 169, 14, 2, 85, 66, 2,
-    11, 73, 2, 37, 7, 78, 71, 69, 82, 45, 80, 79, 2, 205, 200, 1, 2, 83, 84,
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-    66, 32, 255, 2, 69, 16, 56, 4, 76, 69, 70, 84, 245, 1, 5, 82, 73, 71, 72,
-    84, 10, 22, 32, 231, 9, 87, 8, 60, 7, 66, 69, 83, 73, 68, 69, 32, 206, 1,
-    70, 175, 5, 84, 4, 40, 4, 68, 79, 87, 78, 1, 2, 85, 80, 2, 193, 146, 1,
-    23, 87, 65, 82, 68, 83, 32, 72, 65, 82, 80, 79, 79, 78, 32, 87, 73, 84,
-    72, 32, 66, 65, 82, 66, 6, 22, 32, 243, 7, 87, 4, 22, 70, 175, 5, 84, 2,
-    229, 15, 3, 82, 79, 77, 4, 25, 4, 65, 86, 89, 32, 4, 26, 67, 191, 196, 1,
-    65, 2, 185, 10, 7, 79, 77, 80, 82, 69, 83, 83, 2, 133, 9, 6, 85, 65, 68,
-    82, 85, 80, 2, 195, 139, 2, 79, 4, 30, 65, 53, 3, 81, 85, 65, 2, 153,
-    195, 1, 8, 78, 83, 45, 83, 69, 82, 73, 70, 2, 255, 8, 82, 36, 36, 2, 82,
-    73, 225, 7, 2, 87, 79, 30, 40, 5, 65, 78, 71, 76, 69, 151, 7, 80, 28, 52,
-    8, 45, 72, 69, 65, 68, 69, 68, 32, 199, 13, 32, 26, 48, 5, 65, 82, 82,
-    79, 87, 170, 5, 68, 39, 80, 23, 11, 32, 20, 92, 17, 76, 69, 70, 84, 87,
-    65, 82, 68, 83, 32, 79, 70, 32, 68, 79, 87, 78, 98, 84, 19, 87, 2, 37, 7,
-    87, 65, 82, 68, 83, 32, 84, 2, 37, 7, 82, 73, 65, 78, 71, 76, 69, 2, 215,
-    5, 45, 2, 187, 10, 79, 16, 25, 4, 73, 84, 72, 32, 16, 114, 66, 28, 6, 76,
-    79, 78, 71, 32, 84, 130, 1, 77, 34, 78, 34, 86, 34, 72, 149, 57, 6, 68,
-    79, 85, 66, 76, 69, 2, 149, 2, 3, 79, 76, 68, 4, 17, 2, 73, 80, 4, 11,
-    32, 4, 34, 76, 21, 4, 82, 73, 71, 72, 2, 17, 2, 69, 70, 2, 11, 84, 2, 11,
-    87, 2, 135, 123, 65, 2, 121, 5, 69, 68, 73, 85, 77, 2, 89, 5, 65, 82, 82,
-    79, 87, 2, 29, 5, 69, 82, 89, 32, 72, 2, 25, 4, 69, 65, 86, 89, 2, 237,
-    171, 2, 4, 32, 83, 72, 65, 2, 11, 65, 2, 249, 1, 2, 83, 72, 2, 11, 65, 2,
-    25, 4, 73, 82, 69, 68, 2, 29, 5, 32, 65, 82, 82, 79, 2, 239, 151, 2, 87,
-    2, 11, 76, 2, 227, 186, 1, 69, 6, 74, 32, 61, 14, 45, 72, 69, 65, 68, 69,
-    68, 32, 65, 82, 82, 79, 87, 32, 2, 25, 4, 72, 69, 65, 68, 2, 11, 69, 2,
-    219, 185, 1, 68, 4, 42, 87, 129, 132, 1, 4, 70, 82, 79, 77, 2, 33, 6, 73,
-    84, 72, 32, 84, 82, 2, 61, 13, 73, 65, 78, 71, 76, 69, 32, 65, 82, 82,
-    79, 87, 72, 2, 169, 118, 2, 69, 65, 18, 88, 5, 65, 82, 82, 79, 87, 133,
-    4, 12, 68, 79, 85, 66, 76, 69, 32, 65, 82, 82, 79, 87, 15, 11, 32, 12,
-    104, 8, 70, 82, 79, 77, 32, 66, 65, 82, 40, 11, 79, 78, 32, 80, 69, 68,
-    69, 83, 84, 65, 76, 183, 1, 87, 5, 93, 7, 32, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32, 72, 7,
-    33, 6, 32, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32, 4, 18, 72, 43, 86, 2, 69, 7, 79, 82, 73,
-    90, 79, 78, 84, 2, 29, 5, 69, 82, 84, 73, 67, 2, 17, 2, 65, 76, 2, 11,
-    32, 2, 151, 173, 1, 66, 2, 29, 5, 73, 84, 72, 73, 78, 2, 17, 2, 32, 84,
-    2, 37, 7, 82, 73, 65, 78, 71, 76, 69, 2, 11, 32, 2, 11, 65, 2, 25, 4, 82,
-    82, 79, 87, 2, 11, 72, 2, 239, 135, 2, 69, 5, 45, 9, 32, 79, 78, 32, 80,
-    69, 68, 69, 83, 2, 163, 196, 1, 84, 226, 15, 86, 65, 254, 16, 83, 174, 3,
-    69, 162, 42, 73, 178, 8, 79, 134, 2, 84, 21, 2, 85, 76, 218, 8, 116, 2,
-    73, 32, 128, 16, 17, 82, 73, 65, 84, 73, 79, 78, 32, 83, 69, 76, 69, 67,
-    84, 79, 82, 45, 173, 42, 2, 77, 80, 216, 4, 54, 67, 34, 70, 82, 81, 40,
-    2, 83, 89, 243, 91, 68, 2, 11, 79, 2, 135, 170, 2, 77, 2, 11, 85, 2, 11,
-    76, 2, 11, 76, 2, 11, 32, 2, 11, 83, 2, 195, 209, 1, 84, 2, 17, 2, 85,
-    69, 2, 135, 225, 1, 83, 190, 4, 68, 7, 76, 76, 65, 66, 76, 69, 32, 197,
-    11, 5, 77, 66, 79, 76, 32, 164, 4, 214, 1, 68, 70, 66, 2, 83, 2, 84, 2,
-    90, 70, 71, 122, 72, 82, 75, 134, 1, 76, 130, 1, 77, 86, 78, 134, 3, 67,
-    2, 70, 2, 74, 2, 80, 2, 82, 2, 86, 2, 89, 78, 87, 50, 69, 34, 79, 158,
-    70, 65, 2, 73, 3, 85, 42, 66, 72, 162, 8, 79, 238, 254, 1, 69, 150, 64,
-    65, 2, 73, 3, 85, 28, 230, 7, 72, 58, 79, 238, 254, 1, 69, 150, 64, 65,
-    2, 73, 3, 85, 34, 62, 66, 202, 6, 69, 86, 79, 130, 191, 2, 65, 2, 73, 3,
-    85, 18, 106, 79, 222, 5, 69, 214, 191, 2, 65, 2, 73, 3, 85, 24, 50, 79,
-    222, 5, 69, 214, 71, 65, 2, 73, 3, 85, 7, 174, 197, 2, 78, 3, 79, 34, 70,
-    80, 206, 5, 79, 130, 71, 65, 238, 183, 1, 69, 150, 64, 73, 3, 85, 18,
-    246, 4, 69, 86, 79, 130, 71, 65, 130, 248, 1, 73, 3, 85, 16, 54, 69, 218,
-    4, 79, 130, 191, 2, 65, 2, 73, 3, 85, 7, 26, 78, 191, 195, 2, 69, 2, 21,
-    3, 71, 84, 72, 2, 183, 133, 2, 69, 42, 214, 3, 66, 0, 2, 71, 66, 58, 79,
-    238, 254, 1, 69, 150, 64, 65, 2, 73, 3, 85, 90, 90, 68, 174, 1, 71, 126,
-    74, 2, 89, 58, 79, 238, 254, 1, 69, 150, 64, 65, 2, 73, 3, 85, 24, 54,
-    79, 150, 129, 2, 69, 150, 64, 65, 2, 73, 3, 85, 15, 36, 3, 76, 69, 32,
-    131, 193, 2, 79, 10, 54, 83, 214, 161, 2, 68, 190, 28, 70, 2, 75, 3, 77,
-    2, 211, 161, 2, 79, 25, 42, 71, 182, 240, 1, 65, 2, 69, 3, 79, 16, 50,
-    69, 86, 79, 130, 191, 2, 65, 2, 73, 3, 85, 7, 210, 191, 2, 69, 3, 78, 14,
-    54, 79, 238, 254, 1, 69, 150, 64, 65, 2, 73, 3, 85, 5, 255, 190, 2, 79,
-    28, 46, 69, 34, 79, 158, 70, 65, 2, 73, 3, 85, 9, 186, 70, 69, 131, 248,
-    1, 78, 9, 154, 70, 79, 131, 248, 1, 78, 26, 66, 68, 62, 70, 30, 74, 22,
-    75, 50, 78, 22, 84, 199, 227, 1, 66, 6, 26, 79, 179, 236, 1, 65, 4, 174,
-    236, 1, 79, 251, 49, 45, 4, 74, 69, 251, 185, 2, 65, 2, 243, 235, 1, 79,
-    4, 26, 69, 199, 235, 1, 85, 2, 195, 235, 1, 69, 2, 195, 168, 2, 73, 6,
-    154, 235, 1, 73, 2, 79, 183, 78, 65, 128, 4, 74, 49, 94, 50, 98, 51, 2,
-    52, 2, 53, 2, 54, 2, 55, 2, 56, 3, 57, 223, 1, 182, 1, 48, 2, 49, 2, 50,
-    2, 51, 2, 52, 2, 53, 2, 54, 2, 55, 2, 56, 3, 57, 137, 1, 90, 48, 2, 49,
-    2, 50, 2, 51, 2, 52, 94, 53, 250, 184, 2, 54, 2, 55, 2, 56, 3, 57, 23,
-    210, 185, 2, 48, 2, 49, 2, 50, 2, 51, 2, 52, 2, 53, 2, 54, 2, 55, 2, 56,
-    3, 57, 17, 246, 184, 2, 48, 2, 49, 2, 50, 2, 51, 2, 52, 2, 53, 3, 54,
-    180, 1, 116, 4, 68, 73, 67, 32, 222, 19, 82, 208, 148, 1, 13, 67, 84, 79,
-    82, 32, 79, 82, 32, 67, 82, 79, 83, 83, 195, 106, 83, 86, 60, 5, 83, 73,
-    71, 78, 32, 153, 10, 5, 84, 79, 78, 69, 32, 48, 218, 2, 65, 216, 1, 17,
-    68, 79, 85, 66, 76, 69, 32, 65, 78, 85, 83, 86, 65, 82, 65, 32, 65, 98,
-    74, 52, 6, 78, 73, 72, 83, 72, 86, 22, 82, 240, 1, 8, 72, 69, 88, 73, 70,
-    79, 82, 77, 22, 76, 52, 4, 84, 73, 82, 89, 22, 85, 60, 8, 86, 73, 83, 65,
-    82, 71, 65, 32, 237, 6, 17, 89, 65, 74, 85, 82, 86, 69, 68, 73, 67, 32,
-    77, 73, 68, 76, 73, 78, 14, 76, 8, 78, 85, 83, 86, 65, 82, 65, 32, 212,
-    1, 3, 84, 73, 75, 151, 2, 82, 10, 134, 1, 65, 24, 4, 66, 65, 72, 73, 24,
-    9, 85, 66, 72, 65, 89, 65, 84, 79, 32, 201, 4, 10, 86, 65, 77, 65, 71,
-    79, 77, 85, 75, 72, 2, 21, 3, 78, 84, 65, 2, 21, 3, 82, 71, 79, 2, 11,
-    77, 2, 163, 9, 85, 2, 151, 239, 1, 82, 2, 33, 6, 73, 72, 86, 65, 77, 85,
-    2, 151, 3, 76, 2, 235, 174, 2, 65, 8, 144, 1, 15, 69, 86, 69, 82, 83, 69,
-    68, 32, 86, 73, 83, 65, 82, 71, 65, 36, 9, 79, 84, 65, 84, 69, 68, 32,
-    65, 82, 57, 5, 84, 72, 65, 78, 71, 4, 11, 32, 4, 218, 6, 65, 23, 85, 2,
-    25, 4, 68, 72, 65, 86, 2, 245, 236, 1, 2, 73, 83, 2, 17, 2, 32, 76, 2,
-    21, 3, 79, 78, 71, 2, 145, 234, 1, 2, 32, 65, 2, 203, 171, 2, 65, 2, 37,
-    7, 80, 65, 68, 72, 77, 65, 78, 2, 203, 171, 2, 73, 10, 40, 3, 65, 78, 85,
-    2, 85, 179, 9, 83, 4, 25, 4, 68, 65, 84, 84, 4, 11, 65, 5, 25, 4, 32, 87,
-    73, 84, 2, 11, 72, 2, 11, 32, 2, 11, 84, 2, 11, 65, 2, 215, 163, 1, 73,
-    38, 128, 2, 5, 67, 65, 78, 68, 82, 16, 2, 68, 79, 96, 2, 75, 65, 136, 1,
-    4, 80, 82, 69, 78, 16, 2, 82, 73, 106, 84, 164, 1, 11, 89, 65, 74, 85,
-    82, 86, 69, 68, 73, 67, 32, 180, 1, 12, 65, 84, 72, 65, 82, 86, 65, 86,
-    69, 68, 73, 67, 213, 224, 1, 2, 83, 72, 4, 251, 17, 65, 6, 40, 5, 85, 66,
-    76, 69, 32, 191, 3, 84, 4, 22, 82, 211, 5, 83, 2, 11, 73, 2, 251, 1, 78,
-    4, 56, 3, 82, 83, 72, 17, 7, 84, 72, 65, 75, 65, 32, 65, 2, 235, 110, 65,
-    2, 17, 2, 78, 85, 2, 17, 2, 68, 65, 2, 171, 132, 2, 84, 2, 167, 49, 75,
-    4, 82, 78, 237, 2, 15, 71, 86, 69, 68, 73, 67, 32, 75, 65, 83, 72, 77,
-    73, 82, 73, 2, 139, 171, 1, 71, 6, 42, 72, 24, 4, 82, 73, 80, 76, 19, 87,
-    2, 49, 3, 82, 69, 69, 2, 219, 2, 69, 2, 11, 79, 2, 25, 4, 32, 68, 79, 84,
-    2, 11, 83, 2, 11, 32, 2, 159, 14, 66, 8, 176, 1, 10, 65, 71, 71, 82, 65,
-    86, 65, 84, 69, 68, 22, 73, 105, 27, 75, 65, 84, 72, 65, 75, 65, 32, 73,
-    78, 68, 69, 80, 69, 78, 68, 69, 78, 84, 32, 83, 86, 65, 82, 73, 84, 65,
-    2, 17, 2, 32, 73, 2, 49, 10, 78, 68, 69, 80, 69, 78, 68, 69, 78, 84, 2,
-    17, 2, 32, 83, 2, 221, 255, 1, 3, 86, 65, 82, 5, 37, 7, 32, 83, 67, 72,
-    82, 79, 69, 2, 143, 230, 1, 68, 90, 62, 83, 16, 6, 84, 73, 67, 65, 76,
-    32, 221, 13, 2, 89, 32, 2, 171, 84, 73, 62, 208, 2, 4, 66, 65, 82, 32,
-    166, 3, 69, 62, 70, 36, 11, 73, 68, 69, 79, 71, 82, 65, 80, 72, 73, 67,
-    48, 12, 75, 65, 78, 65, 32, 82, 69, 80, 69, 65, 84, 32, 252, 1, 4, 76,
-    73, 78, 69, 238, 1, 77, 88, 17, 79, 78, 69, 32, 69, 73, 71, 72, 84, 72,
-    32, 66, 76, 79, 67, 75, 45, 62, 84, 192, 73, 3, 83, 73, 88, 241, 32, 5,
-    90, 73, 71, 90, 65, 8, 108, 6, 66, 69, 83, 73, 68, 69, 60, 8, 68, 79, 85,
-    66, 76, 69, 32, 76, 20, 4, 84, 82, 73, 80, 139, 1, 87, 2, 17, 2, 32, 82,
-    2, 21, 3, 73, 71, 72, 2, 187, 123, 84, 2, 69, 2, 69, 70, 2, 25, 4, 76,
-    69, 32, 82, 2, 21, 3, 73, 71, 72, 2, 11, 84, 2, 29, 5, 32, 84, 85, 82,
-    78, 2, 11, 83, 2, 11, 84, 2, 219, 124, 73, 2, 21, 3, 73, 84, 72, 2, 17,
-    2, 32, 72, 2, 153, 237, 1, 7, 79, 82, 73, 90, 79, 78, 84, 2, 25, 4, 76,
-    76, 73, 80, 2, 11, 83, 2, 155, 223, 1, 73, 2, 11, 79, 2, 129, 79, 2, 85,
-    82, 2, 17, 2, 32, 73, 2, 237, 178, 1, 2, 84, 69, 10, 120, 4, 77, 65, 82,
-    75, 45, 22, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32, 86, 79, 73, 67, 69, 68, 32, 83, 79, 85,
-    78, 68, 32, 77, 65, 82, 75, 7, 11, 32, 4, 50, 85, 21, 3, 76, 79, 87, 5,
-    17, 2, 32, 85, 2, 17, 2, 80, 80, 2, 17, 2, 69, 82, 2, 129, 26, 2, 32, 72,
-    11, 11, 32, 8, 38, 69, 49, 5, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32, 2, 25, 4, 88, 84, 69,
-    78, 2, 255, 200, 1, 83, 6, 40, 4, 67, 73, 82, 67, 207, 135, 1, 77, 4, 11,
-    76, 4, 11, 69, 4, 11, 32, 4, 26, 66, 223, 155, 1, 65, 2, 11, 69, 2, 159,
-    126, 76, 2, 65, 14, 65, 76, 69, 32, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32, 83, 84, 82, 79,
-    75, 2, 239, 144, 1, 69, 12, 194, 151, 2, 50, 2, 51, 2, 52, 2, 53, 2, 54,
-    3, 55, 10, 32, 2, 65, 66, 106, 73, 19, 82, 6, 18, 32, 35, 85, 2, 11, 75,
-    2, 251, 132, 2, 69, 4, 33, 6, 76, 65, 84, 73, 79, 78, 5, 199, 45, 32, 2,
-    135, 9, 76, 2, 29, 5, 65, 70, 70, 73, 67, 2, 249, 234, 1, 2, 32, 76, 26,
-    80, 6, 72, 69, 65, 86, 89, 32, 176, 5, 3, 77, 85, 67, 233, 9, 3, 66, 79,
-    76, 20, 62, 69, 190, 1, 70, 38, 82, 82, 83, 246, 1, 87, 207, 10, 71, 4,
-    25, 4, 73, 71, 72, 84, 4, 11, 32, 4, 22, 80, 223, 2, 83, 2, 25, 4, 79,
-    73, 78, 84, 2, 17, 2, 69, 68, 2, 17, 2, 32, 66, 2, 25, 4, 76, 65, 67, 75,
-    2, 11, 32, 2, 139, 79, 83, 2, 11, 73, 2, 185, 1, 2, 86, 69, 2, 11, 69, 2,
-    29, 5, 86, 69, 82, 83, 69, 2, 17, 2, 32, 83, 2, 231, 1, 79, 6, 30, 65,
-    42, 73, 147, 1, 79, 2, 11, 76, 2, 11, 84, 2, 147, 113, 73, 2, 11, 88, 2,
-    11, 32, 2, 11, 83, 2, 21, 3, 80, 79, 75, 2, 17, 2, 69, 68, 2, 11, 32, 2,
-    11, 65, 2, 11, 83, 2, 129, 78, 3, 84, 69, 82, 2, 165, 13, 3, 76, 73, 68,
-    4, 21, 3, 72, 73, 84, 4, 11, 69, 4, 11, 32, 4, 190, 64, 67, 199, 46, 83,
-    4, 11, 72, 4, 11, 32, 4, 18, 71, 39, 76, 2, 69, 6, 82, 69, 65, 84, 69,
-    82, 2, 11, 69, 2, 11, 83, 2, 11, 83, 2, 17, 2, 45, 84, 2, 239, 70, 72,
-    160, 1, 140, 1, 9, 66, 82, 65, 84, 73, 79, 78, 32, 77, 34, 67, 32, 3, 68,
-    69, 79, 126, 69, 218, 1, 79, 22, 82, 21, 7, 84, 72, 75, 85, 81, 73, 32,
-    2, 11, 79, 2, 159, 246, 1, 68, 2, 221, 126, 4, 84, 79, 82, 89, 6, 30, 32,
-    77, 3, 67, 65, 83, 4, 18, 67, 43, 71, 2, 17, 2, 65, 77, 2, 195, 199, 1,
-    69, 2, 143, 116, 65, 2, 147, 71, 83, 6, 168, 1, 31, 84, 78, 65, 77, 69,
-    83, 69, 32, 65, 76, 84, 69, 82, 78, 65, 84, 69, 32, 82, 69, 65, 68, 73,
-    78, 71, 32, 77, 65, 82, 75, 32, 193, 105, 5, 87, 68, 65, 84, 65, 4, 26,
-    78, 199, 135, 2, 67, 2, 143, 126, 72, 2, 175, 138, 1, 76, 2, 227, 234, 1,
-    71, 140, 1, 56, 6, 67, 65, 80, 73, 84, 65, 1, 4, 83, 77, 65, 76, 70, 45,
-    9, 76, 32, 76, 69, 84, 84, 69, 82, 32, 70, 230, 1, 66, 34, 69, 22, 73,
-    22, 76, 34, 78, 254, 133, 1, 67, 2, 68, 2, 83, 2, 84, 214, 56, 72, 226,
-    48, 70, 2, 74, 2, 77, 2, 80, 2, 82, 2, 86, 2, 88, 2, 90, 158, 20, 71, 2,
-    75, 2, 81, 186, 2, 65, 2, 79, 2, 85, 3, 89, 4, 150, 240, 1, 66, 215, 22,
-    69, 5, 203, 134, 2, 73, 5, 227, 239, 1, 74, 4, 234, 131, 2, 76, 187, 2,
-    65, 4, 174, 239, 1, 74, 215, 22, 69, 8, 28, 3, 73, 68, 69, 59, 76, 2, 21,
-    3, 68, 32, 71, 2, 177, 71, 4, 82, 69, 69, 75, 6, 46, 67, 20, 3, 76, 69,
-    89, 41, 2, 85, 77, 2, 203, 219, 1, 65, 2, 11, 66, 2, 11, 65, 2, 147, 123,
-    76, 2, 11, 69, 2, 17, 2, 32, 73, 2, 201, 122, 4, 78, 84, 69, 71, 5, 223,
-    131, 2, 83, 40, 70, 67, 45, 13, 71, 65, 82, 32, 70, 82, 65, 67, 84, 73,
-    79, 78, 32, 2, 11, 65, 2, 11, 78, 2, 155, 197, 1, 85, 38, 106, 70, 96, 4,
-    79, 78, 69, 32, 174, 2, 84, 80, 7, 83, 69, 86, 69, 78, 32, 69, 145, 33,
-    3, 90, 69, 82, 6, 56, 4, 73, 86, 69, 32, 249, 3, 5, 79, 85, 82, 32, 70,
-    4, 158, 3, 69, 113, 3, 83, 73, 88, 18, 66, 69, 28, 2, 70, 73, 18, 72, 30,
-    78, 14, 81, 30, 83, 55, 84, 2, 193, 1, 3, 73, 71, 72, 2, 167, 1, 70, 2,
-    11, 65, 2, 131, 127, 76, 2, 111, 73, 2, 165, 73, 3, 85, 65, 82, 4, 24, 2,
-    69, 86, 15, 73, 2, 43, 69, 2, 43, 88, 4, 18, 69, 35, 72, 2, 11, 78, 2,
-    243, 253, 1, 84, 2, 155, 104, 73, 10, 48, 5, 72, 82, 69, 69, 32, 93, 3,
-    87, 79, 32, 6, 26, 69, 26, 81, 67, 70, 2, 109, 3, 73, 71, 72, 2, 21, 3,
-    85, 65, 82, 2, 151, 111, 84, 4, 22, 70, 211, 32, 84, 2, 11, 73, 2, 11,
-    70, 2, 205, 191, 1, 2, 84, 72, 156, 6, 86, 65, 242, 23, 69, 158, 3, 72,
-    142, 66, 73, 234, 8, 79, 134, 6, 82, 167, 144, 1, 74, 204, 2, 122, 78,
-    220, 5, 2, 88, 73, 158, 1, 82, 210, 10, 84, 194, 1, 86, 252, 70, 2, 70,
-    70, 233, 78, 6, 83, 84, 69, 66, 65, 83, 122, 36, 4, 67, 72, 79, 32, 183,
-    5, 73, 118, 100, 7, 76, 69, 84, 84, 69, 82, 32, 252, 3, 3, 78, 71, 85,
-    16, 5, 84, 79, 78, 69, 32, 243, 7, 68, 88, 210, 1, 65, 38, 79, 34, 69,
-    22, 73, 22, 76, 50, 78, 42, 84, 50, 85, 22, 89, 138, 175, 1, 75, 2, 80,
-    2, 83, 254, 68, 66, 2, 67, 2, 68, 2, 70, 2, 71, 2, 72, 2, 74, 2, 77, 2,
-    82, 2, 86, 2, 87, 3, 90, 13, 34, 65, 206, 247, 1, 78, 87, 85, 7, 11, 78,
-    5, 147, 248, 1, 71, 5, 255, 247, 1, 78, 5, 151, 247, 1, 78, 4, 26, 76,
-    191, 247, 1, 65, 2, 131, 245, 1, 72, 6, 238, 244, 1, 71, 2, 89, 187, 2,
-    65, 8, 198, 244, 1, 72, 2, 82, 2, 83, 187, 2, 65, 5, 251, 166, 1, 69, 4,
-    170, 245, 1, 73, 147, 1, 65, 2, 179, 111, 78, 8, 40, 3, 75, 79, 73, 1, 3,
-    84, 85, 80, 5, 135, 226, 1, 78, 4, 21, 3, 78, 71, 32, 4, 76, 8, 67, 82,
-    69, 83, 67, 69, 78, 84, 1, 7, 71, 73, 66, 66, 79, 85, 83, 2, 21, 3, 32,
-    77, 79, 2, 11, 79, 2, 175, 97, 78, 170, 1, 72, 9, 65, 78, 71, 32, 67, 73,
-    84, 73, 32, 249, 108, 4, 78, 73, 78, 71, 168, 1, 128, 1, 6, 67, 65, 80,
-    73, 84, 65, 0, 4, 83, 77, 65, 76, 190, 4, 68, 156, 2, 7, 78, 85, 77, 66,
-    69, 82, 32, 171, 219, 1, 79, 64, 45, 9, 76, 32, 76, 69, 84, 84, 69, 82,
-    32, 64, 174, 1, 65, 38, 69, 42, 72, 74, 78, 50, 79, 22, 83, 50, 85, 30,
-    89, 170, 42, 84, 248, 107, 2, 86, 73, 206, 51, 66, 2, 80, 246, 5, 75,
-    158, 11, 73, 2, 87, 162, 17, 68, 3, 71, 9, 162, 240, 1, 78, 86, 77, 3,
-    84, 7, 11, 78, 4, 198, 240, 1, 78, 3, 89, 8, 38, 79, 210, 151, 1, 73,
-    231, 31, 65, 4, 178, 183, 1, 82, 223, 25, 76, 4, 26, 71, 223, 158, 1, 85,
-    2, 143, 237, 1, 65, 5, 159, 169, 1, 68, 4, 26, 83, 175, 219, 1, 73, 2,
-    155, 202, 1, 85, 4, 238, 238, 1, 67, 3, 85, 8, 34, 85, 178, 238, 1, 65,
-    3, 79, 5, 175, 238, 1, 74, 20, 11, 73, 20, 11, 71, 20, 17, 2, 73, 84, 20,
-    11, 32, 20, 66, 70, 30, 83, 42, 84, 62, 90, 130, 83, 78, 14, 79, 199,
-    110, 69, 4, 218, 112, 73, 131, 4, 79, 4, 22, 69, 227, 96, 73, 2, 247, 27,
-    86, 4, 26, 72, 207, 205, 1, 87, 2, 11, 82, 2, 223, 213, 1, 69, 2, 11, 69,
-    2, 159, 205, 1, 82, 18, 42, 69, 30, 70, 42, 78, 38, 83, 39, 84, 2, 221,
-    1, 3, 73, 71, 72, 4, 22, 73, 139, 1, 79, 2, 171, 1, 70, 2, 17, 2, 73, 78,
-    2, 135, 1, 69, 4, 92, 2, 69, 86, 25, 2, 73, 88, 6, 34, 72, 26, 87, 187,
-    154, 1, 69, 2, 11, 73, 2, 35, 82, 2, 11, 69, 2, 11, 78, 2, 171, 216, 1,
-    84, 12, 32, 2, 69, 82, 175, 232, 1, 67, 10, 34, 32, 173, 153, 1, 2, 77,
-    69, 8, 80, 3, 67, 76, 79, 22, 87, 224, 197, 1, 5, 66, 85, 70, 70, 65, 1,
-    2, 80, 79, 2, 183, 179, 1, 83, 2, 235, 107, 65, 20, 60, 2, 69, 32, 124,
-    4, 73, 78, 71, 32, 161, 1, 2, 89, 32, 6, 182, 2, 68, 157, 186, 1, 23, 65,
-    82, 82, 79, 87, 32, 80, 79, 73, 78, 84, 73, 78, 71, 32, 68, 73, 82, 69,
-    67, 84, 76, 89, 6, 64, 5, 66, 76, 65, 67, 75, 0, 5, 87, 72, 73, 84, 69,
-    55, 72, 2, 17, 2, 32, 70, 2, 11, 76, 2, 171, 229, 1, 65, 2, 11, 65, 2,
-    11, 78, 2, 235, 94, 68, 8, 26, 68, 34, 76, 43, 79, 2, 11, 65, 2, 139,
-    228, 1, 83, 4, 22, 79, 223, 75, 73, 2, 183, 75, 87, 2, 11, 86, 2, 11, 69,
-    2, 155, 75, 82, 14, 48, 3, 65, 82, 89, 70, 68, 70, 73, 171, 1, 83, 4, 11,
-    32, 4, 32, 2, 67, 65, 219, 166, 1, 70, 2, 191, 166, 1, 84, 4, 26, 71,
-    175, 146, 1, 68, 2, 149, 67, 6, 69, 45, 84, 65, 73, 76, 4, 116, 17, 69,
-    82, 83, 84, 82, 65, 83, 83, 32, 69, 76, 76, 73, 80, 84, 73, 67, 185, 43,
-    7, 71, 72, 84, 32, 76, 73, 70, 2, 17, 2, 32, 70, 2, 157, 145, 1, 2, 85,
-    78, 2, 37, 7, 84, 32, 83, 89, 82, 73, 65, 2, 179, 35, 67, 180, 2, 52, 3,
-    69, 69, 76, 100, 3, 73, 84, 69, 219, 62, 65, 7, 60, 7, 32, 79, 70, 32,
-    68, 72, 65, 21, 4, 67, 72, 65, 73, 2, 143, 191, 1, 82, 2, 251, 76, 82,
-    172, 2, 54, 32, 181, 63, 8, 45, 70, 69, 65, 84, 72, 69, 82, 170, 2, 148,
-    2, 18, 65, 82, 82, 79, 87, 32, 83, 72, 65, 70, 84, 32, 87, 73, 68, 84,
-    72, 32, 114, 66, 46, 67, 194, 15, 68, 166, 5, 69, 50, 70, 178, 3, 72,
-    222, 3, 76, 218, 3, 77, 226, 1, 78, 34, 80, 146, 1, 81, 78, 82, 250, 1,
-    83, 142, 12, 84, 228, 3, 2, 85, 80, 217, 3, 3, 86, 69, 82, 4, 22, 84,
-    251, 67, 79, 2, 11, 87, 2, 21, 3, 79, 32, 84, 2, 17, 2, 72, 73, 2, 11,
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+    2, 66, 82, 16, 9, 82, 79, 32, 87, 73, 68, 84, 72, 32, 203, 1, 85, 2, 147,
+    2, 65, 8, 32, 2, 78, 79, 86, 83, 31, 74, 4, 26, 45, 73, 2, 78, 45, 2, 29,
+    5, 66, 82, 69, 65, 75, 2, 11, 32, 2, 11, 83, 2, 163, 1, 80, 2, 11, 74, 2,
+    11, 79, 2, 11, 73, 2, 11, 78, 2, 143, 5, 69, 2, 219, 61, 83, 2, 21, 3,
+    77, 79, 85, 2, 17, 2, 84, 72, 2, 11, 32, 2, 11, 70, 2, 11, 65, 2, 167,
+    38, 67, 242, 2, 168, 1, 10, 67, 79, 77, 66, 73, 78, 73, 78, 71, 32, 224,
+    18, 6, 78, 69, 85, 77, 69, 32, 181, 38, 17, 80, 82, 73, 90, 78, 65, 75,
+    32, 77, 79, 68, 73, 70, 73, 69, 82, 32, 128, 1, 144, 2, 17, 76, 79, 87,
+    69, 82, 32, 84, 79, 78, 65, 76, 32, 82, 65, 78, 71, 69, 88, 5, 77, 65,
+    82, 75, 32, 148, 3, 18, 65, 84, 84, 65, 67, 72, 73, 78, 71, 32, 86, 69,
+    82, 84, 73, 67, 65, 76, 233, 11, 17, 84, 79, 78, 65, 76, 32, 82, 65, 78,
+    71, 69, 32, 77, 65, 82, 75, 32, 2, 33, 6, 32, 73, 78, 68, 73, 67, 2, 11,
+    65, 2, 11, 84, 2, 11, 79, 2, 219, 56, 82, 118, 182, 2, 67, 142, 1, 68,
+    104, 8, 71, 79, 82, 65, 90, 68, 79, 32, 34, 78, 106, 75, 114, 79, 72, 2,
+    80, 79, 152, 2, 8, 77, 65, 76, 79, 32, 80, 79, 86, 100, 2, 82, 65, 50,
+    83, 186, 1, 84, 108, 7, 86, 89, 83, 79, 75, 79, 32, 234, 1, 90, 224, 10,
+    2, 76, 79, 224, 22, 4, 85, 68, 65, 82, 129, 6, 4, 66, 79, 82, 90, 6, 60,
+    6, 72, 65, 83, 72, 75, 65, 29, 5, 85, 82, 86, 69, 68, 5, 197, 47, 3, 32,
+    80, 79, 2, 17, 2, 32, 79, 2, 11, 77, 2, 235, 24, 69, 4, 240, 10, 13, 69,
+    77, 69, 83, 84, 86, 69, 78, 78, 89, 32, 90, 65, 217, 14, 6, 86, 79, 69,
+    84, 79, 67, 10, 30, 78, 89, 3, 86, 89, 83, 8, 29, 5, 73, 90, 75, 79, 32,
+    8, 164, 8, 8, 83, 32, 75, 82, 89, 90, 72, 69, 35, 79, 2, 167, 20, 79, 8,
+    56, 4, 82, 89, 90, 72, 150, 6, 65, 233, 39, 2, 85, 80, 5, 21, 3, 32, 79,
+    78, 2, 11, 32, 2, 203, 7, 76, 6, 220, 5, 3, 84, 83, 69, 200, 13, 5, 66,
+    76, 65, 67, 72, 131, 31, 78, 18, 22, 68, 131, 2, 86, 6, 60, 7, 67, 72,
+    65, 83, 72, 73, 69, 201, 22, 3, 86, 69, 82, 5, 17, 2, 32, 87, 2, 21, 3,
+    73, 84, 72, 2, 17, 2, 32, 86, 2, 29, 5, 69, 82, 84, 73, 67, 2, 17, 2, 65,
+    76, 2, 11, 32, 2, 11, 83, 2, 11, 84, 2, 11, 82, 2, 11, 79, 2, 131, 25,
+    75, 12, 29, 5, 89, 83, 72, 69, 32, 12, 22, 83, 251, 3, 79, 8, 154, 3, 32,
+    229, 2, 4, 84, 82, 65, 78, 4, 28, 2, 90, 83, 183, 5, 86, 2, 219, 37, 69,
+    10, 136, 1, 2, 75, 79, 16, 16, 84, 82, 65, 78, 78, 79, 32, 77, 65, 76,
+    79, 32, 80, 79, 86, 89, 236, 1, 5, 82, 69, 68, 78, 69, 231, 26, 79, 2,
+    239, 42, 66, 2, 11, 83, 2, 183, 22, 72, 10, 50, 79, 16, 5, 83, 65, 84,
+    65, 32, 139, 36, 73, 2, 187, 28, 67, 6, 158, 1, 79, 201, 24, 3, 83, 32,
+    75, 10, 24, 2, 83, 32, 95, 79, 6, 11, 75, 6, 44, 6, 72, 79, 75, 72, 76,
+    79, 247, 24, 82, 4, 11, 77, 4, 17, 2, 32, 79, 4, 11, 78, 4, 11, 32, 4,
+    18, 76, 31, 82, 2, 11, 69, 2, 179, 14, 70, 2, 11, 73, 2, 11, 71, 2, 139,
+    14, 72, 6, 18, 65, 31, 69, 2, 249, 25, 3, 68, 69, 82, 4, 22, 86, 239, 10,
+    76, 2, 199, 38, 79, 6, 60, 5, 77, 82, 65, 67, 72, 18, 83, 1, 4, 84, 82,
+    69, 83, 2, 155, 10, 78, 2, 17, 2, 86, 69, 2, 155, 6, 84, 232, 1, 128, 2,
+    2, 67, 72, 38, 68, 218, 1, 70, 28, 10, 71, 79, 76, 85, 66, 67, 72, 73,
+    75, 32, 158, 1, 75, 160, 2, 6, 77, 69, 67, 72, 73, 75, 184, 1, 2, 78, 69,
+    18, 79, 138, 2, 80, 146, 2, 82, 114, 83, 180, 20, 9, 86, 82, 65, 75, 72,
+    73, 89, 65, 32, 151, 2, 90, 4, 246, 11, 69, 209, 10, 2, 65, 83, 10, 74,
+    69, 98, 85, 16, 9, 86, 65, 32, 86, 32, 67, 72, 69, 76, 187, 27, 79, 4,
+    76, 2, 82, 66, 213, 2, 12, 77, 69, 83, 84, 86, 69, 78, 78, 89, 32, 75,
+    76, 2, 195, 34, 73, 2, 203, 34, 68, 2, 11, 78, 2, 231, 36, 85, 2, 11, 73,
+    2, 147, 34, 84, 10, 78, 84, 38, 83, 240, 3, 5, 77, 82, 65, 67, 72, 145,
+    14, 4, 66, 79, 82, 90, 4, 32, 3, 82, 69, 83, 251, 1, 73, 2, 21, 3, 86,
+    69, 84, 2, 231, 17, 76, 14, 76, 4, 72, 65, 77, 73, 18, 76, 40, 3, 79, 66,
+    89, 16, 2, 82, 89, 87, 85, 2, 219, 3, 76, 2, 11, 89, 2, 11, 85, 2, 151,
+    33, 67, 2, 223, 31, 76, 6, 28, 2, 85, 75, 219, 32, 90, 5, 21, 3, 32, 84,
+    73, 2, 11, 75, 2, 251, 15, 72, 2, 11, 70, 2, 11, 73, 2, 11, 83, 2, 215,
+    30, 77, 11, 11, 32, 8, 44, 7, 75, 76, 89, 85, 67, 72, 69, 83, 80, 6, 64,
+    9, 78, 69, 80, 79, 83, 84, 79, 89, 65, 14, 80, 163, 14, 86, 2, 39, 78, 2,
+    25, 4, 79, 86, 79, 68, 2, 143, 14, 78, 2, 223, 22, 77, 14, 40, 2, 66, 76,
+    41, 4, 83, 79, 75, 65, 2, 11, 65, 2, 11, 75, 2, 243, 30, 79, 13, 11, 32,
+    10, 30, 75, 142, 26, 84, 39, 83, 6, 104, 11, 76, 89, 85, 67, 72, 69, 86,
+    65, 89, 65, 32, 185, 25, 10, 82, 89, 85, 75, 79, 86, 65, 89, 65, 32, 4,
+    202, 16, 78, 251, 8, 83, 14, 58, 65, 88, 8, 69, 82, 69, 86, 79, 68, 75,
+    65, 27, 79, 6, 44, 3, 82, 65, 75, 222, 19, 76, 211, 5, 85, 2, 11, 76, 2,
+    11, 73, 2, 171, 28, 84, 5, 153, 15, 2, 32, 78, 4, 68, 5, 68, 67, 72, 65,
+    83, 245, 9, 7, 76, 75, 85, 76, 73, 90, 77, 2, 11, 72, 2, 219, 4, 73, 4,
+    64, 11, 69, 86, 69, 82, 83, 69, 68, 32, 67, 72, 69, 139, 26, 79, 2, 25,
+    4, 76, 89, 85, 83, 2, 215, 17, 84, 126, 96, 9, 75, 65, 77, 69, 89, 84,
+    83, 65, 32, 148, 2, 8, 76, 79, 90, 72, 73, 84, 73, 69, 119, 84, 22, 128,
+    1, 13, 68, 86, 79, 69, 67, 72, 69, 76, 78, 65, 89, 65, 32, 44, 7, 75, 76,
+    89, 85, 67, 72, 69, 74, 84, 218, 18, 77, 119, 83, 8, 218, 10, 75, 110,
+    78, 178, 8, 80, 75, 83, 6, 40, 5, 86, 65, 89, 65, 32, 243, 10, 78, 4,
+    178, 15, 84, 183, 4, 83, 4, 162, 15, 73, 147, 4, 82, 9, 11, 32, 6, 48, 2,
+    83, 32, 25, 6, 90, 65, 75, 82, 89, 84, 4, 166, 4, 75, 95, 90, 2, 11, 79,
+    2, 211, 22, 69, 96, 92, 4, 65, 84, 89, 65, 172, 4, 6, 79, 80, 73, 84, 83,
+    65, 189, 1, 5, 82, 69, 76, 65, 32, 23, 11, 32, 20, 76, 2, 83, 32, 236, 2,
+    9, 90, 65, 75, 82, 89, 84, 65, 89, 65, 159, 5, 78, 14, 160, 1, 14, 68,
+    86, 85, 77, 89, 65, 32, 90, 65, 80, 89, 65, 84, 89, 28, 7, 75, 82, 89,
+    90, 72, 69, 77, 24, 2, 82, 79, 17, 8, 90, 65, 80, 89, 65, 84, 79, 89, 2,
+    11, 77, 2, 215, 19, 73, 5, 189, 1, 2, 32, 73, 2, 203, 2, 71, 7, 21, 3,
+    32, 73, 32, 4, 54, 75, 37, 9, 80, 79, 68, 67, 72, 65, 83, 72, 73, 2, 11,
+    82, 2, 21, 3, 89, 90, 72, 2, 211, 1, 69, 5, 17, 2, 32, 83, 2, 17, 2, 32,
+    90, 2, 29, 5, 65, 80, 89, 65, 84, 2, 11, 79, 2, 199, 17, 89, 7, 11, 32,
+    4, 68, 6, 83, 32, 79, 67, 72, 75, 29, 7, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32, 83, 79, 2,
+    11, 79, 2, 215, 16, 77, 2, 45, 9, 82, 79, 67, 72, 89, 65, 32, 78, 79, 2,
+    11, 90, 2, 163, 7, 72, 68, 140, 1, 9, 68, 86, 79, 69, 67, 72, 69, 76, 78,
+    162, 1, 75, 78, 78, 174, 1, 71, 152, 3, 8, 77, 82, 65, 67, 72, 78, 79,
+    84, 42, 80, 75, 84, 10, 18, 79, 71, 65, 6, 64, 7, 80, 79, 86, 79, 68, 78,
+    65, 189, 5, 4, 75, 82, 89, 90, 4, 17, 2, 89, 65, 5, 17, 2, 32, 75, 2,
+    145, 5, 4, 76, 89, 85, 67, 26, 48, 6, 76, 89, 85, 67, 72, 69, 77, 2, 82,
+    89, 4, 22, 78, 203, 6, 80, 2, 157, 8, 9, 69, 80, 79, 83, 84, 79, 89, 65,
+    78, 22, 48, 7, 85, 75, 79, 86, 65, 89, 65, 195, 3, 90, 21, 11, 32, 18,
+    54, 71, 236, 2, 5, 84, 82, 89, 65, 83, 179, 2, 80, 14, 21, 3, 82, 79, 77,
+    14, 32, 4, 78, 65, 89, 65, 47, 79, 5, 237, 1, 7, 32, 87, 73, 84, 72, 32,
+    83, 10, 92, 10, 75, 82, 89, 90, 72, 69, 86, 65, 89, 65, 17, 9, 80, 79,
+    86, 79, 68, 78, 65, 89, 65, 5, 175, 2, 32, 7, 33, 6, 32, 87, 73, 84, 72,
+    32, 4, 24, 2, 68, 79, 23, 83, 2, 41, 2, 85, 66, 2, 21, 3, 73, 78, 71, 2,
+    133, 6, 6, 76, 69, 32, 90, 65, 80, 2, 175, 6, 75, 2, 237, 5, 3, 72, 69,
+    86, 2, 11, 73, 2, 11, 75, 2, 187, 5, 72, 6, 22, 79, 187, 3, 82, 4, 28, 2,
+    76, 85, 187, 1, 86, 2, 163, 1, 80, 8, 80, 5, 82, 89, 65, 83, 79, 153, 2,
+    10, 73, 75, 72, 65, 89, 65, 32, 80, 85, 84, 6, 62, 80, 44, 4, 83, 84, 82,
+    69, 173, 1, 4, 71, 76, 65, 83, 2, 17, 2, 79, 86, 2, 193, 1, 2, 79, 68, 2,
+    171, 1, 76, 16, 88, 12, 75, 76, 89, 85, 67, 72, 69, 86, 65, 89, 65, 32,
+    38, 77, 46, 80, 38, 84, 39, 83, 8, 34, 77, 46, 80, 38, 84, 39, 83, 2, 25,
+    4, 82, 65, 67, 72, 2, 247, 1, 78, 2, 11, 82, 2, 205, 1, 2, 79, 83, 2, 11,
+    82, 2, 11, 69, 2, 11, 83, 2, 157, 1, 4, 86, 69, 84, 76, 6, 30, 65, 121,
+    3, 77, 69, 89, 4, 32, 4, 78, 79, 90, 72, 31, 80, 2, 11, 69, 2, 151, 3,
+    75, 2, 17, 2, 89, 65, 2, 11, 84, 2, 11, 65, 2, 35, 89, 2, 11, 84, 2, 11,
+    83, 2, 183, 2, 65, 10, 108, 11, 68, 73, 82, 69, 67, 84, 73, 79, 78, 32,
+    70, 28, 3, 75, 82, 89, 28, 5, 76, 69, 86, 69, 76, 35, 82, 2, 11, 76, 2,
+    159, 1, 73, 2, 11, 90, 2, 143, 1, 72, 4, 11, 45, 4, 114, 50, 3, 51, 2,
+    11, 79, 2, 83, 71, 8, 26, 78, 34, 83, 15, 74, 4, 18, 66, 27, 74, 2, 11,
+    83, 2, 11, 80, 3, 0,
 };
 
 static const unsigned int dawg_pos_to_codepoint[] = {
@@ -8959,7 +9250,7 @@ static const unsigned int dawg_pos_to_codepoint[] = {
     71458, 71459, 71462, 71464, 71483, 71482, 71477, 71476, 71479, 71478,
     71475, 71474, 71472, 71481, 71473, 71480, 9992, 128747, 128748, 128874,
     128822, 128823, 128837, 128776, 128777, 128774, 128775, 128773, 128811,
-    128859, 128829, 128826, 128855, 128769, 128875, 128876, 128830, 128834,
+    128859, 128826, 128829, 128855, 128769, 128875, 128876, 128830, 128834,
     128835, 128836, 128783, 128857, 128848, 128846, 128844, 128805, 128800,
     128803, 128804, 128798, 128869, 128870, 128871, 128872, 128873, 128787,
     128865, 128866, 128864, 128880, 128794, 128841, 128883, 128882, 128854,
@@ -8971,525 +9262,558 @@ static const unsigned int dawg_pos_to_codepoint[] = {
     128862, 128781, 128839, 128795, 128852, 128847, 128831, 128832, 128840,
     128809, 128849, 128845, 128778, 128815, 128779, 128780, 128790, 128791,
     128808, 128772, 128842, 128853, 128771, 128838, 128770, 9879, 8501,
-    983054, 8780, 9006, 983203, 8776, 10863, 8778, 9095, 9941, 128126, 9200,
-    38, 127994, 127944, 128657, 10815, 82970, 82971, 82964, 82965, 82966,
-    82967, 82968, 82969, 82972, 82973, 82974, 82994, 82995, 82996, 82987,
-    82988, 82992, 82993, 82986, 82989, 82990, 82991, 82997, 82998, 82999,
-    83016, 83017, 83018, 83019, 83010, 83011, 83012, 83013, 83014, 83015,
-    83020, 83021, 83022, 83050, 83051, 83052, 83053, 83043, 83044, 83045,
-    83046, 83047, 83048, 83049, 83054, 82984, 82985, 82975, 82976, 82977,
-    82978, 82979, 82980, 82981, 82982, 82983, 82953, 82954, 82955, 82956,
-    82957, 82958, 82959, 82960, 82961, 82962, 82963, 82944, 82945, 82946,
-    82947, 82948, 82949, 82950, 82951, 82952, 83000, 83001, 83002, 83003,
-    83004, 83005, 83006, 83007, 83008, 83009, 83023, 83024, 83025, 83026,
-    83027, 83028, 83029, 83030, 83031, 83032, 83033, 83034, 83035, 83036,
-    83037, 83038, 83039, 83040, 83041, 83042, 83062, 83063, 83064, 83065,
-    83070, 83071, 83072, 83073, 83066, 83067, 83068, 83055, 83056, 83057,
-    83058, 83059, 83060, 83061, 83069, 83074, 83075, 83076, 83077, 83078,
-    83083, 83084, 83079, 83080, 83081, 83082, 83085, 83086, 83087, 83088,
-    83094, 83095, 83089, 83090, 83091, 83092, 83093, 83096, 83097, 83098,
-    83099, 83105, 83106, 83100, 83101, 83102, 83103, 83104, 83107, 83108,
-    83109, 83110, 83111, 83112, 83113, 83114, 83115, 83116, 83117, 83118,
-    83119, 83120, 83121, 83122, 83123, 83124, 83125, 83126, 83127, 83128,
-    83129, 83130, 83131, 83132, 83133, 83134, 83135, 83136, 83137, 83138,
-    83139, 83140, 83141, 83142, 83143, 83144, 83145, 83146, 83147, 83148,
-    83149, 83150, 83151, 83152, 83153, 83154, 83155, 83156, 83157, 83158,
-    83159, 83160, 83161, 83162, 83163, 83164, 83165, 83166, 83167, 83168,
-    83169, 83170, 83173, 83174, 83175, 83180, 83181, 83183, 83184, 83171,
-    83172, 83176, 83177, 83178, 83179, 83182, 83190, 83191, 83192, 83193,
-    83185, 83186, 83187, 83188, 83189, 83194, 83195, 83196, 83274, 83275,
-    83280, 83281, 83270, 83271, 83272, 83273, 83276, 83277, 83278, 83279,
-    83268, 83269, 83259, 83260, 83261, 83262, 83263, 83264, 83265, 83266,
-    83267, 83204, 83205, 83197, 83198, 83199, 83200, 83201, 83202, 83203,
-    83206, 83207, 83245, 83246, 83238, 83239, 83240, 83241, 83242, 83243,
-    83244, 83247, 83248, 83208, 83209, 83210, 83211, 83212, 83213, 83214,
-    83215, 83216, 83217, 83218, 83219, 83220, 83221, 83222, 83223, 83224,
-    83225, 83226, 83227, 83228, 83229, 83230, 83231, 83232, 83233, 83234,
-    83235, 83236, 83237, 83249, 83250, 83251, 83252, 83253, 83254, 83255,
-    83256, 83257, 83258, 83291, 83292, 83282, 83283, 83284, 83285, 83286,
-    83287, 83288, 83289, 83290, 83312, 83313, 83303, 83304, 83305, 83306,
-    83307, 83308, 83309, 83310, 83311, 83348, 83349, 83339, 83340, 83341,
-    83342, 83343, 83344, 83345, 83346, 83347, 83322, 83323, 83324, 83325,
-    83316, 83317, 83318, 83314, 83315, 83319, 83320, 83321, 83326, 83327,
-    83328, 83354, 83355, 83359, 83360, 83350, 83351, 83352, 83353, 83356,
-    83357, 83358, 83361, 83377, 83378, 83374, 83375, 83381, 83382, 83373,
-    83376, 83379, 83380, 83383, 83384, 83385, 83389, 83386, 83387, 83388,
-    83390, 83391, 83392, 83393, 83394, 83395, 83363, 83364, 83362, 83365,
-    83366, 83367, 83368, 83369, 83370, 83371, 83372, 83293, 83294, 83295,
-    83296, 83297, 83298, 83299, 83300, 83301, 83302, 83329, 83330, 83331,
-    83332, 83333, 83334, 83335, 83336, 83337, 83338, 83406, 83407, 83408,
-    83409, 83410, 83411, 83412, 83413, 83414, 83415, 83416, 83447, 83448,
-    83455, 83456, 83449, 83450, 83451, 83452, 83453, 83454, 83457, 83458,
-    83489, 83490, 83491, 83492, 83493, 83494, 83495, 83496, 83396, 83397,
-    83398, 83399, 83400, 83401, 83402, 83403, 83404, 83405, 83417, 83418,
-    83419, 83420, 83421, 83422, 83423, 83424, 83425, 83426, 83427, 83428,
-    83429, 83430, 83431, 83432, 83433, 83434, 83435, 83436, 83437, 83438,
-    83439, 83440, 83441, 83442, 83443, 83444, 83445, 83446, 83459, 83460,
-    83461, 83462, 83463, 83464, 83465, 83466, 83467, 83468, 83469, 83470,
-    83471, 83472, 83473, 83474, 83475, 83476, 83477, 83478, 83479, 83480,
-    83481, 83482, 83483, 83484, 83485, 83486, 83487, 83488, 83526, 83497,
-    83498, 83499, 83500, 83501, 83502, 83503, 83504, 83505, 83506, 83507,
-    83508, 83509, 83510, 83511, 83512, 83513, 83514, 83515, 83516, 83517,
-    83518, 83519, 83520, 83521, 83522, 83523, 83524, 83525, 129728, 8736,
-    10654, 10660, 128551, 8491, 128162, 128544, 128028, 11150, 11148, 11149,
-    11151, 11119, 8630, 10560, 8755, 128260, 10226, 8634, 10769, 128246,
-    9875, 10193, 9765, 9021, 9055, 9061, 9033, 9052, 9022, 9066, 9058, 9067,
-    9042, 9049, 9035, 9034, 9038, 9062, 9073, 9046, 9050, 9075, 9080, 9014,
-    9082, 9078, 9077, 9081, 9060, 9051, 9063, 9029, 9109, 9020, 9056, 9017,
-    9018, 9036, 9047, 9044, 9037, 9043, 9040, 9027, 9031, 9072, 9071, 9016,
-    9026, 9025, 9028, 9032, 9019, 9054, 9048, 9030, 9076, 9070, 9023, 9059,
-    9069, 9015, 9079, 9024, 9074, 9057, 9041, 9045, 9053, 9039, 9065, 9064,
-    9068, 39, 11236, 8773, 8786, 10864, 8774, 8784, 983195, 983196, 2277,
-    2280, 2276, 2279, 2278, 2281, 1548, 1615, 65144, 65145, 2302, 1612,
-    65138, 1549, 2206, 2299, 2300, 2274, 1643, 1771, 1770, 1757, 1565, 1614,
-    1630, 2293, 2292, 65142, 65143, 1611, 65136, 1538, 1645, 1748, 2207,
-    1621, 1620, 1616, 2294, 65146, 65147, 1613, 65140, 2258, 2255, 2254,
-    2257, 2236, 2244, 2235, 2237, 1593, 1886, 2227, 1696, 1887, 1885, 65226,
-    65227, 65225, 65228, 1575, 2165, 2176, 2173, 2161, 2174, 2171, 2167,
-    2177, 2169, 2166, 2168, 2178, 2164, 2160, 2162, 2175, 2172, 1571, 65156,
-    65155, 1573, 65160, 65159, 1651, 1650, 1908, 1907, 1570, 65154, 65153,
-    2163, 2170, 1649, 64337, 64336, 1609, 65264, 65263, 65166, 65165, 1749,
-    1576, 2230, 1878, 2208, 1874, 1875, 1872, 1876, 1877, 1873, 2209, 65168,
-    65169, 65167, 65170, 1664, 64347, 64348, 64346, 64349, 1659, 64339,
-    64340, 64338, 64341, 1583, 1674, 1675, 1882, 1774, 1679, 2222, 1881,
-    1680, 1673, 65194, 65193, 1676, 64389, 64388, 1590, 1787, 65214, 65215,
-    65213, 65216, 1677, 64387, 64386, 1672, 64393, 64392, 1646, 1697, 1647,
-    1668, 64371, 64372, 64370, 64373, 1678, 64391, 64390, 1740, 1911, 1910,
-    1909, 1599, 1598, 1597, 64509, 64510, 64508, 64511, 1601, 1699, 2212,
-    1698, 1889, 1701, 1888, 65234, 65235, 65233, 65236, 1711, 1716, 1714,
-    1712, 2224, 64403, 64404, 64402, 64405, 1594, 2243, 1788, 65230, 65231,
-    65229, 65232, 1715, 64407, 64408, 64406, 64409, 2248, 1581, 1916, 2186,
-    1903, 1906, 1902, 1880, 1669, 1666, 1879, 1665, 65186, 65187, 65185,
-    65188, 1569, 65152, 1607, 1729, 1730, 64423, 64424, 64422, 64425, 1791,
-    1728, 64421, 64420, 1726, 64427, 64428, 64426, 64429, 65258, 65259,
-    65257, 65260, 1652, 1653, 1656, 1654, 1580, 2210, 2246, 2245, 65182,
-    65183, 65181, 65184, 1688, 64395, 64394, 1603, 1919, 1710, 2228, 1708,
-    1707, 65242, 65243, 65241, 65244, 1568, 1705, 1892, 1596, 1891, 2189,
-    1595, 2242, 1890, 64399, 64400, 64398, 64401, 1733, 64481, 64480, 1737,
-    64483, 64482, 1582, 65190, 65191, 65189, 65192, 1604, 2214, 1718, 2247,
-    1717, 1720, 1719, 1898, 65246, 65247, 65245, 65248, 2221, 1605, 2215,
-    1894, 1893, 65250, 65251, 65249, 65252, 1564, 1709, 1713, 64411, 64412,
-    64410, 64413, 64468, 64469, 64467, 64470, 1667, 64375, 64376, 64374,
-    64377, 1606, 1722, 64415, 64414, 1896, 1897, 1725, 1895, 2185, 1721,
-    1724, 65254, 65255, 65253, 65256, 1662, 2231, 2238, 64343, 64344, 64342,
-    64345, 1702, 64367, 64368, 64366, 64369, 1602, 2213, 2229, 1703, 1704,
-    65238, 65239, 65237, 65240, 1585, 1905, 2233, 1682, 1685, 1883, 1899,
-    1687, 1775, 1900, 1689, 1684, 1686, 2218, 1683, 65198, 65197, 1681,
-    64397, 64396, 1723, 64417, 64418, 64416, 64419, 2220, 1589, 2223, 1694,
-    1693, 65210, 65211, 65209, 65212, 1587, 1690, 1918, 1904, 1691, 1692,
-    1901, 1884, 1917, 65202, 65203, 65201, 65204, 1588, 1786, 65206, 65207,
-    65205, 65208, 1648, 2225, 1706, 1591, 2211, 2188, 1695, 2187, 65218,
-    65219, 65217, 65220, 1670, 2241, 1727, 64379, 64380, 64378, 64381, 1671,
-    64383, 64384, 64382, 64385, 1578, 1577, 65172, 65171, 1731, 65176, 2232,
-    2239, 1661, 1660, 65174, 65175, 65173, 1663, 64355, 64356, 64354, 64357,
-    1584, 65196, 65195, 1579, 65178, 65179, 65177, 65180, 2182, 1657, 2240,
-    64359, 64360, 64358, 64361, 1658, 64351, 64352, 64350, 64353, 1735, 1655,
-    64477, 64472, 64471, 64488, 64489, 1739, 1700, 64363, 64364, 64362,
-    64365, 64479, 64478, 1608, 2219, 1743, 1913, 1912, 1572, 65158, 65157,
-    1738, 1732, 65262, 65261, 1610, 1746, 1915, 1914, 1747, 64433, 64432,
-    64431, 64430, 1574, 65162, 65163, 65161, 65164, 1742, 2216, 2234, 2217,
-    1741, 1745, 65266, 65267, 65265, 65268, 1736, 64476, 64475, 1734, 64474,
-    64473, 1592, 65222, 65223, 65221, 65224, 1586, 65200, 65199, 2226, 1744,
-    64485, 64486, 64484, 64487, 2297, 2295, 64888, 64887, 64886, 64950,
-    64699, 64554, 64964, 64885, 64698, 64553, 64787, 64759, 64788, 64760,
-    64842, 64839, 64841, 64840, 64845, 65015, 64656, 64605, 64828, 64829,
-    65010, 65011, 65023, 64962, 64669, 64518, 64672, 64738, 64926, 64670,
-    64519, 64622, 64521, 64668, 64517, 64620, 64671, 64520, 64737, 64621,
-    64619, 64618, 64623, 64522, 65021, 64878, 64939, 64693, 64547, 64880,
-    64879, 64694, 64548, 64803, 64775, 64692, 64546, 64695, 64549, 64812,
-    64784, 64804, 64776, 64893, 64892, 64704, 64559, 64636, 64561, 64702,
-    64557, 64961, 64705, 64560, 64703, 64558, 64637, 64562, 64889, 64891,
-    64890, 64701, 64556, 64789, 64761, 64700, 64555, 64790, 64762, 64859,
-    64858, 64682, 64536, 64795, 64767, 64959, 64681, 64535, 64796, 64768,
-    64915, 64916, 64728, 64594, 64595, 64596, 64727, 64593, 64729, 64934,
-    64958, 64679, 64533, 64857, 64856, 64935, 64933, 64680, 64534, 64797,
-    64769, 64798, 64770, 65019, 64643, 64573, 64640, 64567, 64708, 64568,
-    64641, 64711, 64571, 64747, 64710, 64570, 64709, 64569, 64963, 64955,
-    64951, 64642, 64712, 64572, 64748, 64644, 64574, 64538, 64799, 64771,
-    64683, 64537, 64684, 64539, 64800, 64772, 65272, 65271, 65274, 65273,
-    65270, 65269, 64646, 64579, 65276, 65275, 64898, 64949, 64896, 64897,
-    64714, 64576, 64717, 64899, 64900, 64954, 64956, 64940, 64713, 64575,
-    64902, 64901, 64715, 64577, 64904, 64903, 64941, 64645, 64716, 64578,
-    64749, 64647, 64580, 64585, 64648, 64905, 64906, 64907, 64719, 64582,
-    64910, 64911, 64953, 64720, 64583, 64909, 64914, 64908, 64960, 64718,
-    64581, 64945, 64649, 64721, 64584, 64586, 65012, 64918, 64917, 64947,
-    64723, 64588, 64726, 64751, 64952, 64957, 64921, 64920, 64919, 64967,
-    64722, 64587, 64923, 64922, 64652, 64725, 64590, 64750, 64654, 64591,
-    64653, 64651, 64724, 64589, 64650, 64655, 64592, 64895, 64948, 64894,
-    64946, 64707, 64564, 64638, 64565, 64706, 64563, 64639, 64566, 65009,
-    64843, 64833, 64835, 64836, 64837, 64834, 64832, 64847, 65014, 64604,
-    64869, 64868, 64937, 64689, 64544, 64965, 64870, 64691, 64545, 64801,
-    64773, 64690, 64811, 64783, 64802, 64774, 65013, 64975, 65008, 65017,
-    65018, 64844, 64838, 64860, 64686, 64541, 64821, 64817, 64744, 64862,
-    64861, 64685, 64540, 64820, 64936, 64966, 64687, 64542, 64822, 64864,
-    64863, 64865, 64867, 64866, 64688, 64543, 64743, 64791, 64763, 64810,
-    64782, 64792, 64764, 64606, 64609, 64755, 64607, 64610, 64756, 64611,
-    64608, 64754, 64818, 64746, 64872, 64871, 64938, 64806, 64814, 64778,
-    64824, 64873, 64805, 64813, 64777, 64823, 64875, 64874, 64877, 64876,
-    64808, 64816, 64780, 64745, 64793, 64765, 64807, 64815, 64779, 64825,
-    64809, 64781, 64794, 64766, 65022, 64846, 64882, 64881, 64883, 64884,
-    64819, 64551, 64826, 64785, 64757, 64696, 64550, 64786, 64758, 64851,
-    64850, 64849, 64674, 64524, 64677, 64740, 64930, 64852, 64929, 64675,
-    64525, 64928, 64848, 64927, 64673, 64523, 64932, 64853, 64855, 64854,
-    64931, 64626, 64676, 64526, 64739, 64628, 64527, 64627, 64625, 64624,
-    64629, 64528, 64603, 64529, 64634, 64531, 64632, 64678, 64530, 64741,
-    64633, 64631, 64630, 64635, 64532, 64742, 65016, 64661, 64601, 64616,
-    64515, 64491, 64490, 64493, 64492, 64503, 64504, 64502, 64667, 64736,
-    64664, 64513, 64663, 64512, 64665, 64614, 64666, 64514, 64735, 64615,
-    64499, 64498, 64495, 64494, 64617, 64516, 64501, 64500, 64613, 64612,
-    64497, 64496, 64942, 64731, 64598, 64734, 64753, 64660, 64658, 64943,
-    64730, 64597, 64732, 64599, 64925, 64924, 64944, 64659, 64733, 64600,
-    64752, 64657, 64662, 64602, 64506, 64507, 64505, 64697, 64552, 64827,
-    2204, 1619, 1624, 2303, 126492, 126494, 126493, 126495, 126644, 126638,
-    126641, 126647, 126648, 126646, 126632, 126645, 126630, 126650, 126626,
-    126636, 126631, 126625, 126640, 126643, 126633, 126651, 126637, 126635,
-    126649, 126627, 126642, 126639, 126629, 126489, 126467, 126518, 126517,
-    126516, 126510, 126513, 126503, 126500, 126519, 126506, 126498, 126508,
-    126497, 126512, 126505, 126523, 126509, 126507, 126514, 126511, 126521,
-    126612, 126606, 126609, 126615, 126592, 126607, 126599, 126596, 126616,
-    126614, 126600, 126613, 126598, 126618, 126594, 126604, 126593, 126608,
-    126611, 126601, 126619, 126605, 126603, 126617, 126595, 126610, 126597,
-    126475, 126704, 126705, 126588, 126590, 126585, 126582, 126568, 126581,
-    126580, 126574, 126577, 126567, 126564, 126583, 126570, 126562, 126572,
-    126586, 126561, 126576, 126569, 126587, 126573, 126578, 126575, 126484,
-    126478, 126481, 126557, 126559, 126553, 126548, 126542, 126545, 126551,
-    126530, 126535, 126537, 126555, 126541, 126539, 126546, 126543, 126472,
-    126488, 126486, 126485, 126464, 126479, 126487, 126474, 126470, 126490,
-    126466, 126476, 126471, 126465, 126480, 126483, 126473, 126491, 126477,
-    126482, 126469, 1541, 1536, 2290, 2289, 2288, 1550, 2192, 1769, 2193,
-    1642, 2184, 1544, 1629, 2296, 2301, 2298, 1772, 2183, 1623, 983633,
-    983635, 983640, 983634, 983638, 983636, 983639, 983637, 983641, 1563,
-    1617, 65148, 65149, 1554, 1555, 1552, 1537, 1539, 1540, 1790, 1789, 1553,
-    1551, 1556, 2249, 1560, 1761, 2250, 2272, 1558, 983202, 1751, 1750, 1753,
-    1752, 1762, 1764, 1768, 2264, 2273, 1756, 2261, 1755, 1557, 2200, 2260,
-    2266, 2268, 2267, 2269, 2252, 2271, 2270, 2291, 1767, 2251, 1760, 1759,
-    1559, 2253, 1754, 2263, 2262, 2265, 2202, 2201, 69375, 2203, 69373,
-    69374, 2259, 1773, 1763, 1562, 1561, 1766, 1765, 1622, 1618, 65150,
-    65151, 2256, 2205, 64444, 64435, 64434, 64441, 64440, 64439, 64438,
-    64446, 64445, 64437, 64436, 64449, 64448, 64443, 64442, 64450, 64447,
-    1758, 1600, 2179, 2180, 65137, 2181, 65139, 2285, 2282, 2286, 2283, 2287,
-    2284, 1566, 2275, 1644, 1627, 1626, 1628, 2190, 1631, 1567, 1625, 1545,
-    1546, 1542, 1543, 1637, 1636, 1639, 1638, 1635, 1634, 1632, 1641, 1633,
-    1640, 1375, 1370, 1359, 1337, 1349, 1362, 1347, 1353, 1342, 1361, 1360,
-    1356, 1333, 1335, 1336, 1346, 1331, 1355, 1345, 1364, 1343, 1363, 1354,
-    1351, 1357, 1329, 1358, 1352, 1340, 1366, 1341, 1339, 1330, 1348, 1350,
-    1338, 1334, 1344, 1332, 1365, 1373, 1371, 1372, 1395, 1401, 1390, 1409,
-    1408, 1404, 1381, 1383, 1384, 1394, 1379, 1403, 1393, 1412, 1391, 1411,
-    1402, 1399, 1405, 1376, 1407, 1385, 1377, 1406, 1400, 1397, 1416, 1410,
-    1388, 1414, 1389, 1387, 1378, 1396, 1398, 1386, 1382, 1392, 1380, 1413,
-    1415, 64279, 64277, 64275, 64276, 64278, 1369, 1418, 1423, 1417, 1374,
-    129201, 10549, 10548, 129200, 10550, 10551, 129968, 128667, 127912, 9800,
-    8978, 9738, 65948, 42, 8727, 8258, 128562, 11225, 9954, 8771, 8870,
-    128095, 9883, 128663, 127975, 128762, 8371, 127814, 68352, 68353, 68357,
-    68355, 68358, 68359, 68356, 68354, 68373, 68374, 68372, 68393, 68405,
-    68388, 68387, 68386, 68391, 68390, 68389, 68371, 68370, 68369, 68403,
-    68401, 68404, 68399, 68394, 68395, 68378, 68381, 68377, 68366, 68367,
-    68362, 68363, 68364, 68365, 68385, 68384, 68380, 68379, 68402, 68400,
-    68360, 68361, 68375, 68383, 68376, 68368, 68398, 68392, 68382, 68397,
-    68396, 68409, 129361, 1547, 129518, 8525, 9810, 129683, 128118, 128036,
-    127868, 128124, 128700, 128281, 128386, 11101, 11099, 983056, 10155,
-    128043, 129363, 127992, 129441, 129366, 129391, 128708, 7005, 7007, 7006,
-    6917, 6918, 6987, 6988, 6928, 6953, 6954, 6936, 6937, 6948, 6944, 6943,
-    6949, 6984, 6927, 6933, 6934, 6919, 6920, 6929, 6930, 6921, 6922, 6938,
-    6939, 6931, 6981, 6932, 6982, 6958, 6925, 6926, 6950, 6945, 6935, 6940,
-    6951, 6952, 6957, 6923, 6924, 6962, 6960, 6961, 6946, 6942, 6941, 6947,
-    6983, 6985, 6986, 6963, 6955, 6959, 6956, 7022, 7025, 7021, 7024, 7023,
-    7026, 7020, 7019, 7027, 7012, 7013, 7018, 7015, 7017, 7016, 7010, 7014,
-    7009, 7011, 7032, 7036, 7033, 7034, 7035, 7031, 7030, 7029, 7028, 7003,
-    7038, 7008, 7002, 7037, 6915, 6913, 6912, 6916, 6914, 6964, 6972, 6973,
-    6970, 6971, 6968, 6969, 6974, 6975, 6977, 6976, 6965, 6978, 6979, 6966,
-    6967, 6980, 7004, 6997, 6996, 6999, 6998, 6995, 6994, 6992, 7001, 6993,
-    7000, 127880, 10057, 9744, 128503, 128505, 128499, 128501, 11197, 9745,
-    9746, 128502, 128500, 10007, 129526, 129648, 42737, 42736, 42741, 42740,
-    42733, 42699, 42713, 42712, 42692, 42706, 42683, 42719, 42734, 42735,
-    42682, 42729, 42657, 42725, 42659, 42670, 42718, 42666, 42716, 42701,
-    42675, 42671, 42722, 42720, 42727, 42723, 42702, 42726, 42677, 42707,
-    42708, 42709, 42686, 42694, 42674, 42731, 42695, 42685, 42684, 42691,
-    42673, 42664, 42715, 42703, 92193, 92188, 92161, 92199, 92240, 92179,
-    92211, 92219, 92213, 92243, 92207, 92216, 92183, 92184, 92238, 92171,
-    92174, 92203, 92186, 92210, 92230, 92175, 92221, 92232, 92246, 92198,
-    92214, 92190, 92176, 92197, 92196, 92164, 92245, 92212, 92201, 92160,
-    92182, 92173, 92229, 92227, 92180, 92237, 92241, 92223, 92185, 92194,
-    92178, 92239, 92225, 92233, 92167, 92191, 92231, 92244, 92204, 92226,
-    92236, 92200, 92189, 92187, 92162, 92163, 92169, 92170, 92202, 92205,
-    92222, 92168, 92165, 92215, 92224, 92208, 92220, 92235, 92177, 92181,
-    92195, 92234, 92209, 92166, 92172, 92206, 92192, 92228, 92217, 92242,
-    92218, 92262, 92271, 92272, 92270, 92294, 92253, 92301, 92256, 92273,
-    92259, 92251, 92297, 92300, 92296, 92295, 92255, 92252, 92292, 92286,
-    92268, 92290, 92281, 92267, 92284, 92287, 92282, 92283, 92277, 92298,
-    92276, 92302, 92247, 92299, 92288, 92269, 92260, 92261, 92257, 92274,
-    92289, 92263, 92279, 92265, 92266, 92250, 92249, 92285, 92248, 92264,
-    92280, 92258, 92254, 92278, 92291, 92293, 92275, 92310, 92320, 92312,
-    92394, 92393, 92319, 92384, 92321, 92386, 92361, 92373, 92366, 92328,
-    92329, 92357, 92342, 92397, 92365, 92376, 92339, 92382, 92363, 92318,
-    92387, 92383, 92315, 92385, 92354, 92311, 92381, 92343, 92326, 92364,
-    92324, 92391, 92344, 92390, 92338, 92396, 92308, 92349, 92375, 92378,
-    92317, 92331, 92362, 92336, 92341, 92370, 92347, 92307, 92303, 92309,
-    92395, 92368, 92356, 92367, 92360, 92389, 92333, 92359, 92374, 92351,
-    92325, 92371, 92350, 92345, 92372, 92314, 92340, 92323, 92304, 92313,
-    92316, 92398, 92399, 92380, 92330, 92379, 92392, 92335, 92332, 92346,
-    92400, 92358, 92334, 92353, 92337, 92306, 92369, 92388, 92322, 92305,
-    92327, 92377, 92352, 92348, 92355, 92436, 92517, 92488, 92434, 92415,
-    92431, 92454, 92460, 92420, 92489, 92422, 92474, 92479, 92449, 92502,
-    92439, 92484, 92495, 92464, 92511, 92406, 92446, 92497, 92426, 92482,
-    92448, 92515, 92401, 92478, 92427, 92496, 92458, 92424, 92445, 92404,
-    92466, 92444, 92438, 92442, 92441, 92510, 92499, 92425, 92437, 92440,
-    92471, 92465, 92409, 92483, 92475, 92467, 92485, 92457, 92432, 92476,
-    92435, 92412, 92414, 92430, 92407, 92403, 92405, 92487, 92418, 92486,
-    92408, 92447, 92459, 92480, 92472, 92505, 92514, 92450, 92463, 92410,
-    92493, 92507, 92503, 92462, 92506, 92443, 92509, 92469, 92461, 92490,
-    92512, 92494, 92455, 92417, 92501, 92413, 92508, 92500, 92504, 92473,
-    92419, 92498, 92423, 92516, 92428, 92452, 92451, 92481, 92416, 92456,
-    92433, 92477, 92492, 92491, 92513, 92411, 92402, 92421, 92453, 92468,
-    92470, 92429, 92661, 92626, 92616, 92596, 92612, 92603, 92673, 92651,
-    92627, 92597, 92585, 92578, 92615, 92565, 92552, 92602, 92674, 92570,
-    92646, 92599, 92532, 92587, 92538, 92620, 92670, 92665, 92575, 92521,
-    92633, 92595, 92523, 92556, 92539, 92664, 92653, 92667, 92600, 92542,
-    92555, 92668, 92520, 92582, 92591, 92581, 92551, 92654, 92611, 92614,
-    92666, 92671, 92617, 92637, 92562, 92518, 92592, 92558, 92528, 92607,
-    92535, 92557, 92563, 92550, 92624, 92640, 92657, 92531, 92601, 92553,
-    92543, 92619, 92598, 92541, 92544, 92579, 92658, 92554, 92628, 92648,
-    92547, 92527, 92545, 92540, 92604, 92622, 92589, 92608, 92583, 92609,
-    92662, 92613, 92584, 92625, 92634, 92524, 92536, 92605, 92647, 92548,
-    92663, 92593, 92621, 92568, 92610, 92576, 92529, 92618, 92649, 92561,
-    92656, 92526, 92655, 92546, 92534, 92560, 92580, 92659, 92660, 92638,
-    92571, 92525, 92549, 92559, 92635, 92577, 92530, 92636, 92669, 92572,
-    92672, 92537, 92519, 92630, 92586, 92569, 92566, 92573, 92652, 92522,
-    92574, 92650, 92533, 92567, 92623, 92606, 92639, 92564, 92590, 92642,
-    92643, 92594, 92641, 92645, 92644, 92588, 92629, 92632, 92631, 92710,
-    92695, 92694, 92726, 92675, 92719, 92677, 92718, 92682, 92717, 92689,
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+    9576, 9563, 9560, 9575, 9570, 9567, 9579, 9538, 9512, 9504, 9535, 9509,
+    9501, 9569, 9566, 9578, 129354, 983263, 128163, 128102, 128713, 128023,
+    129460, 69649, 69685, 69749, 69745, 69746, 69687, 69686, 69637, 69638,
+    69648, 69650, 69664, 69663, 69669, 69668, 69662, 69661, 69667, 69666,
+    69643, 69644, 69645, 69646, 69679, 69641, 69642, 69639, 69640, 69684,
+    69678, 69655, 69665, 69660, 69670, 69680, 69681, 69682, 69674, 69673,
+    69657, 69656, 69654, 69653, 69659, 69658, 69652, 69651, 69672, 69671,
+    69683, 69675, 69677, 69676, 69647, 69721, 69730, 69726, 69717, 69727,
+    69718, 69722, 69731, 69720, 69729, 69719, 69728, 69716, 69725, 69724,
+    69715, 69723, 69714, 69732, 69733, 69759, 69709, 69707, 69706, 69705,
+    69708, 69632, 69744, 69635, 69634, 69636, 69633, 69700, 69747, 69748,
+    69689, 69688, 69699, 69701, 69692, 69693, 69694, 69695, 69696, 69697,
+    69690, 69691, 69698, 69702, 69704, 69703, 69739, 69738, 69741, 69740,
+    69737, 69736, 69734, 69743, 69735, 69742, 10241, 10243, 10247, 10255,
+    10271, 10303, 10367, 10495, 10431, 10335, 10463, 10399, 10287, 10351,
+    10479, 10415, 10319, 10447, 10383, 10263, 10295, 10359, 10487, 10423,
+    10327, 10455, 10391, 10279, 10343, 10471, 10407, 10311, 10439, 10375,
+    10251, 10267, 10299, 10363, 10491, 10427, 10331, 10459, 10395, 10283,
+    10347, 10475, 10411, 10315, 10443, 10379, 10259, 10291, 10355, 10483,
+    10419, 10323, 10451, 10387, 10275, 10339, 10467, 10403, 10307, 10435,
+    10371, 10245, 10253, 10269, 10301, 10365, 10493, 10429, 10333, 10461,
+    10397, 10285, 10349, 10477, 10413, 10317, 10445, 10381, 10261, 10293,
+    10357, 10485, 10421, 10325, 10453, 10389, 10277, 10341, 10469, 10405,
+    10309, 10437, 10373, 10249, 10265, 10297, 10361, 10489, 10425, 10329,
+    10457, 10393, 10281, 10345, 10473, 10409, 10313, 10441, 10377, 10257,
+    10289, 10353, 10481, 10417, 10321, 10449, 10385, 10273, 10337, 10465,
+    10401, 10305, 10433, 10369, 10242, 10246, 10254, 10270, 10302, 10366,
+    10494, 10430, 10334, 10462, 10398, 10286, 10350, 10478, 10414, 10318,
+    10446, 10382, 10262, 10294, 10358, 10486, 10422, 10326, 10454, 10390,
+    10278, 10342, 10470, 10406, 10310, 10438, 10374, 10250, 10266, 10298,
+    10362, 10490, 10426, 10330, 10458, 10394, 10282, 10346, 10474, 10410,
+    10314, 10442, 10378, 10258, 10290, 10354, 10482, 10418, 10322, 10450,
+    10386, 10274, 10338, 10466, 10402, 10306, 10434, 10370, 10244, 10252,
+    10268, 10300, 10364, 10492, 10428, 10332, 10460, 10396, 10284, 10348,
+    10476, 10412, 10316, 10444, 10380, 10260, 10292, 10356, 10484, 10420,
+    10324, 10452, 10388, 10276, 10340, 10468, 10404, 10308, 10436, 10372,
+    10248, 10264, 10296, 10360, 10488, 10424, 10328, 10456, 10392, 10280,
+    10344, 10472, 10408, 10312, 10440, 10376, 10256, 10288, 10352, 10480,
+    10416, 10320, 10448, 10384, 10272, 10336, 10464, 10400, 10304, 10432,
+    10368, 10240, 129504, 983125, 129329, 127838, 728, 127753, 128112,
+    128188, 129650, 129521, 9099, 166, 128148, 129382, 129294, 129529,
+    129483, 129767, 128027, 6663, 6662, 6659, 6658, 6671, 6670, 6667, 6666,
+    6661, 6668, 6665, 6657, 6678, 6669, 6656, 6674, 6660, 6673, 6676, 6664,
+    6675, 6672, 6677, 6683, 6681, 6679, 6682, 6680, 6687, 6686, 5957, 5960,
+    5962, 5959, 5956, 5969, 5955, 5966, 5963, 5961, 5965, 5968, 5958, 5967,
+    5964, 5952, 5953, 5954, 5970, 5971, 8226, 8729, 128363, 128364, 9678,
+    128652, 128101, 128100, 128655, 129480, 129419, 127959, 127791, 129699,
+    118939, 118940, 118944, 118943, 118941, 118942, 118938, 118945, 118882,
+    118876, 118824, 118835, 118797, 118866, 118957, 118801, 118802, 118865,
+    118818, 118916, 118819, 118917, 118899, 118935, 119018, 119022, 119021,
+    119020, 119023, 119019, 119017, 118986, 118984, 118985, 118843, 118887,
+    118808, 118870, 119003, 119002, 119004, 119005, 118937, 118991, 118995,
+    118990, 118992, 118994, 118993, 118930, 118933, 118931, 118932, 119014,
+    118918, 118912, 119015, 118785, 118831, 118907, 118966, 118900, 118880,
+    118798, 118888, 118884, 118869, 118960, 118959, 118958, 118836, 118969,
+    118977, 118978, 118971, 118976, 118975, 118973, 118970, 118987, 118979,
+    118980, 118972, 118983, 983274, 118982, 118974, 118988, 118981, 119000,
+    119001, 118929, 118928, 118806, 119029, 118927, 118898, 118964, 118965,
+    118853, 118968, 118837, 118967, 118936, 118956, 118810, 118854, 118847,
+    118839, 118906, 118791, 118800, 119024, 119026, 118862, 118812, 119025,
+    119027, 118863, 118811, 118820, 119028, 118911, 118842, 118850, 118921,
+    118858, 118913, 118914, 118915, 118834, 118860, 118868, 118796, 118881,
+    118922, 118926, 118925, 118924, 118923, 118830, 118877, 118949, 118947,
+    118948, 118963, 118955, 118962, 118946, 118961, 118953, 118952, 118951,
+    118950, 118954, 118871, 118805, 118855, 118828, 118901, 118787, 118788,
+    118856, 118816, 118875, 118845, 118879, 118793, 118846, 118878, 118814,
+    118822, 118873, 118859, 118857, 118849, 118840, 118861, 118786, 118895,
+    118841, 118874, 118892, 118897, 118807, 118784, 118821, 118844, 118825,
+    118889, 119010, 119012, 119013, 119011, 119006, 119008, 119009, 119007,
+    118910, 118815, 118852, 119016, 118826, 118885, 118827, 118803, 118886,
+    118792, 118813, 118920, 118799, 118833, 118829, 118904, 118902, 118903,
+    118905, 118804, 118934, 118919, 118832, 118893, 118838, 118851, 118883,
+    118894, 118891, 118896, 118823, 118789, 118790, 118872, 118817, 118809,
+    118908, 118909, 118996, 118998, 118997, 118999, 118989, 118794, 118795,
+    118867, 118864, 118848, 118890, 983262, 983126, 983057, 9764, 8454,
+    129305, 128197, 128247, 128248, 127957, 983098, 5130, 5131, 5122, 6322,
+    5148, 5551, 5310, 5382, 5166, 6321, 5759, 5559, 5556, 5557, 5558, 5567,
+    5564, 5565, 5566, 5563, 5560, 5561, 5562, 5555, 5552, 5553, 5554, 5384,
+    5439, 6387, 6388, 5281, 5264, 6382, 6389, 5203, 5674, 5675, 5677, 5676,
+    5673, 5672, 5706, 5707, 5709, 5708, 5705, 5704, 5204, 5574, 5575, 5577,
+    5576, 5573, 5572, 6384, 6381, 5620, 6383, 5617, 5618, 5619, 5616, 5615,
+    5195, 5592, 5593, 5595, 5594, 5591, 5590, 5174, 5175, 5129, 5703, 5662,
+    5663, 5665, 5664, 5661, 5660, 5655, 5656, 6386, 5659, 5657, 5654, 5652,
+    5633, 5629, 5630, 5632, 5631, 5628, 5627, 5623, 5624, 5626, 5625, 5622,
+    5621, 5636, 5637, 5639, 5329, 5638, 5635, 5634, 5722, 5718, 5719, 5721,
+    5720, 5717, 5716, 5712, 5713, 5715, 5714, 5711, 5710, 5614, 5610, 5611,
+    5613, 5612, 5609, 5608, 5702, 5698, 5699, 5701, 5700, 5697, 5696, 5686,
+    5687, 5689, 5688, 5685, 5684, 5692, 5693, 5695, 5694, 5691, 5690, 5737,
+    5738, 5740, 5739, 5736, 5735, 5604, 5605, 5607, 5606, 5603, 5602, 5598,
+    5599, 5601, 5600, 5597, 5596, 5725, 5726, 5728, 5727, 5724, 5723, 5680,
+    5681, 5683, 5682, 5679, 5678, 5668, 5669, 5671, 5670, 5667, 5666, 5731,
+    5732, 5734, 5733, 5730, 5729, 5642, 5643, 5645, 5644, 5641, 5640, 5580,
+    5581, 5583, 5582, 5579, 5578, 5586, 5587, 5589, 5588, 5585, 5584, 5648,
+    5649, 5651, 5650, 5647, 5646, 5128, 5265, 5258, 5276, 5278, 5272, 5274,
+    5268, 5270, 5266, 5741, 5261, 5262, 5259, 5260, 5257, 5121, 6364, 5163,
+    5469, 5465, 5466, 5460, 5461, 5158, 5157, 5162, 5155, 5156, 6367, 6366,
+    5160, 5152, 5151, 5153, 5154, 5161, 5159, 5462, 5742, 5463, 5464, 5467,
+    5459, 5120, 5501, 5123, 5124, 5164, 5251, 5252, 5246, 5248, 6329, 5242,
+    5244, 5238, 5240, 5236, 5234, 5235, 5228, 6328, 5231, 5232, 5229, 5230,
+    5227, 5354, 5542, 5540, 5541, 5538, 5539, 5536, 5537, 5338, 5339, 5332,
+    6333, 5350, 5352, 5346, 5348, 5342, 5344, 5340, 5335, 5336, 5333, 5334,
+    5331, 5307, 5283, 5356, 5458, 5287, 5288, 5385, 5290, 5291, 5284, 6330,
+    5302, 5304, 5298, 5300, 5294, 5296, 5292, 5285, 5286, 5309, 5328, 5473,
+    5475, 5471, 5319, 5386, 5390, 5391, 5388, 5389, 5380, 5387, 5142, 5147,
+    5280, 5250, 5306, 5327, 5221, 5437, 72372, 72373, 72370, 72371, 72368,
+    72369, 72378, 72379, 72376, 72377, 72374, 72375, 5320, 5313, 6332, 5525,
+    5523, 5524, 5518, 5744, 5521, 5522, 5519, 5520, 5526, 5749, 5750, 5747,
+    5748, 5745, 5746, 5499, 5497, 5498, 5495, 5496, 5493, 5494, 5492, 5500,
+    5316, 5317, 6331, 5323, 5325, 6346, 6348, 6342, 6344, 5321, 5314, 5315,
+    5312, 5330, 5509, 5507, 5508, 5502, 5743, 5505, 5506, 5503, 5504, 5125,
+    6361, 6347, 6349, 6343, 6345, 6362, 6363, 6359, 6358, 6360, 6356, 6357,
+    5165, 5126, 6320, 5193, 5184, 5186, 6326, 5188, 5190, 5180, 5182, 5178,
+    5176, 5177, 5168, 6325, 5171, 5172, 6324, 5169, 5170, 5167, 5456, 6368,
+    5443, 6355, 5454, 6353, 6354, 6351, 6352, 6350, 5451, 5452, 5445, 6341,
+    5448, 5449, 5446, 5447, 5442, 5381, 5364, 6335, 5570, 6380, 5571, 5568,
+    5569, 5653, 6385, 5658, 5529, 6379, 6378, 5530, 5527, 5528, 5441, 5282,
+    5311, 5365, 5358, 5413, 5405, 5407, 6338, 5409, 5411, 5401, 5403, 5399,
+    5395, 5396, 6336, 5397, 5398, 6337, 5393, 5394, 5392, 5361, 5256, 5253,
+    5254, 5255, 5362, 6334, 5383, 5376, 5378, 5372, 5374, 5368, 5370, 5366,
+    72383, 72380, 72381, 72382, 5359, 5360, 5357, 5222, 5482, 5550, 5548,
+    5549, 5546, 5547, 5544, 5545, 5543, 6372, 5480, 6371, 5478, 5479, 5476,
+    5477, 5472, 5474, 5470, 5512, 6377, 6376, 5513, 5510, 5511, 5487, 5486,
+    6375, 5485, 6374, 6373, 5483, 5484, 5226, 5223, 5224, 5225, 5205, 5206,
+    5197, 6327, 5217, 5219, 5213, 5215, 5209, 5211, 5207, 5491, 5488, 5489,
+    5490, 5200, 5201, 5198, 5199, 5196, 5132, 5355, 5351, 5353, 5347, 5349,
+    5343, 5345, 5341, 5453, 6370, 5450, 6369, 5444, 5308, 5303, 5305, 5299,
+    5301, 5295, 5297, 5293, 5194, 5189, 5191, 5185, 5187, 5181, 5183, 5179,
+    5440, 5434, 5436, 5430, 5432, 5426, 5428, 5424, 5324, 5326, 5322, 5457,
+    5455, 5517, 5514, 5515, 5516, 5410, 5412, 5406, 5408, 5402, 5404, 5400,
+    5377, 5379, 5373, 5375, 5369, 5371, 5367, 5277, 5279, 5273, 5275, 5269,
+    5271, 5267, 5247, 5249, 5243, 5245, 5239, 5241, 5237, 5481, 5218, 5220,
+    5214, 5216, 5210, 5212, 5208, 5468, 5144, 5146, 5139, 5141, 5135, 5137,
+    5133, 6365, 5138, 5140, 5535, 5756, 5757, 5754, 5755, 5752, 5753, 5751,
+    5534, 5531, 5532, 5533, 5758, 5143, 5145, 6323, 5134, 5136, 5438, 5192,
+    5173, 5263, 5233, 5337, 5289, 5318, 5363, 5202, 5420, 5127, 5149, 5421,
+    5422, 5415, 6340, 5418, 5419, 6339, 5433, 5435, 5429, 5431, 5425, 5427,
+    5423, 5416, 5417, 5414, 5150, 983097, 983171, 917631, 128473, 9803,
+    128367, 127852, 129387, 128758, 11839, 9809, 128199, 128450, 128451,
+    8248, 8257, 8453, 66225, 66246, 66211, 66214, 66254, 66218, 66250, 66251,
+    66252, 66253, 66229, 66238, 66244, 66227, 66224, 66222, 66223, 66242,
+    66243, 66232, 66221, 66247, 66230, 66226, 66239, 66212, 66248, 66256,
+    66235, 66208, 66215, 66210, 66220, 66234, 66255, 66240, 66241, 66236,
+    66237, 66231, 66209, 66213, 66249, 66233, 66245, 66217, 66219, 66216,
+    66228, 127904, 711, 127887, 129690, 983073, 129365, 9936, 128008, 128049,
     128569, 128572, 66888, 66864, 66912, 66882, 66873, 66902, 66889, 66890,
     66911, 66891, 66895, 66901, 66881, 66867, 66870, 66868, 66904, 66866,
     66876, 66910, 66879, 66883, 66897, 66915, 66884, 66878, 66885, 66914,
@@ -9540,12 +9864,12 @@ static const unsigned int dawg_pos_to_codepoint[] = {
     127247, 8857, 8861, 12905, 12919, 12904, 12918, 12903, 12917, 12926,
     12909, 12923, 12906, 12920, 12896, 12910, 12900, 12914, 12897, 12911,
     12908, 12922, 12901, 12915, 12899, 12913, 12902, 12916, 12907, 12921,
-    12898, 12912, 9097, 10162, 127343, 12975, 127569, 12959, 127568, 12963,
+    12898, 12912, 9097, 127343, 10162, 12975, 127569, 12959, 127568, 12963,
     12951, 12962, 12965, 12973, 12943, 12957, 12935, 12950, 12939, 12932,
     12955, 12931, 12964, 12946, 12869, 12871, 12952, 12966, 12967, 12969,
     12942, 12954, 12938, 12976, 12936, 12948, 12868, 12974, 12961, 12970,
     12968, 12953, 12934, 12972, 12956, 12944, 12870, 12947, 12949, 12971,
-    12945, 12933, 12930, 12937, 12929, 12941, 12940, 12960, 12958, 12928,
+    12945, 12933, 12958, 12930, 12937, 12929, 12941, 12940, 12960, 12928,
     127275, 127276, 128712, 13033, 13036, 13034, 13037, 13035, 13013, 13016,
     13014, 13017, 13015, 13038, 13041, 13039, 13042, 13040, 13028, 13031,
     13029, 13032, 13030, 13046, 13049, 13047, 13050, 13048, 13018, 13021,
@@ -9682,30 +10006,30 @@ static const unsigned int dawg_pos_to_codepoint[] = {
     12009, 11951, 11925, 11924, 11922, 11949, 11948, 11917, 11916, 11958,
     11932, 12017, 11911, 11923, 11969, 11982, 11981, 11938, 11937, 11972,
     11971, 11956, 11955, 11954, 11953, 11913, 11912, 11961, 12752, 12743,
-    12748, 12757, 12741, 12750, 12769, 12747, 12749, 12744, 12742, 12746,
-    12768, 12758, 12754, 12763, 12770, 12764, 12753, 12740, 12767, 12760,
-    12759, 12745, 12766, 12762, 12755, 12761, 12736, 12765, 12739, 12737,
-    12738, 12756, 12751, 12771, 128079, 127916, 127963, 128385, 129346,
-    127867, 128203, 128346, 128358, 128343, 128355, 128340, 128352, 128339,
-    128351, 128344, 128356, 128336, 128348, 128342, 128354, 128341, 128353,
-    128345, 128357, 128347, 128359, 128337, 128349, 128338, 128350, 10561,
-    8754, 128259, 10227, 128472, 128257, 128258, 8631, 11118, 8635, 8753,
-    10959, 10961, 10960, 10962, 127746, 10828, 10832, 128234, 128235, 128272,
-    128213, 10829, 8272, 9729, 127786, 127785, 127784, 127783, 129313, 9114,
-    129715, 127864, 129381, 58, 8788, 8353, 128165, 7625, 7623, 769, 791,
-    833, 8410, 8404, 8423, 857, 8432, 7677, 844, 774, 7627, 814, 810, 838,
-    70459, 780, 812, 784, 8409, 8405, 787, 789, 806, 65062, 65069, 42609,
-    1160, 11774, 11744, 11768, 11747, 11757, 11765, 42654, 11751, 11752,
-    11753, 11756, 42613, 11775, 11772, 42655, 11767, 11754, 42619, 11763,
-    11762, 42618, 42615, 42612, 42617, 11770, 42614, 11771, 11773, 11769,
-    11759, 42616, 11760, 11758, 11748, 11749, 11761, 11746, 11764, 11755,
-    11745, 11750, 11766, 42621, 1156, 1158, 1159, 1157, 42608, 42610, 1155,
-    65070, 65071, 1161, 42620, 123023, 42607, 770, 813, 807, 43248, 43244,
-    43245, 43246, 43247, 43242, 43243, 43249, 43237, 43236, 43239, 43238,
-    43235, 43234, 43232, 43241, 43233, 43240, 7675, 776, 6833, 804, 775,
-    7672, 856, 803, 7674, 7617, 7616, 861, 860, 865, 7676, 862, 863, 6840,
-    831, 6858, 6857, 6844, 866, 858, 864, 65058, 65059, 8422, 840, 782, 779,
-    783, 819, 7629, 6832, 798, 6835, 8413, 8416, 8418, 8414, 8419, 8420,
+    12748, 12768, 12772, 12757, 12741, 12750, 12769, 12747, 12749, 12744,
+    12742, 12746, 12758, 12754, 12763, 12770, 12764, 12753, 12740, 12767,
+    12760, 12759, 12745, 12773, 12766, 12762, 12755, 12761, 12736, 12765,
+    12739, 12737, 12738, 12756, 12751, 12771, 128079, 127916, 127963, 128385,
+    129346, 127867, 128203, 128346, 128358, 128343, 128355, 128340, 128352,
+    128339, 128351, 128344, 128356, 128336, 128348, 128342, 128354, 128341,
+    128353, 128345, 128357, 128347, 128359, 128337, 128349, 128338, 128350,
+    10561, 8754, 128259, 10227, 128472, 128257, 128258, 8631, 11118, 8635,
+    8753, 10959, 10961, 10960, 10962, 127746, 10828, 10832, 128234, 128235,
+    128272, 128213, 10829, 8272, 9729, 127786, 127785, 127784, 127783,
+    129313, 9114, 129715, 127864, 129381, 58, 8788, 8353, 128165, 7625, 7623,
+    769, 791, 833, 8410, 8404, 8423, 857, 8432, 7677, 844, 774, 7627, 814,
+    810, 838, 70459, 780, 812, 784, 8409, 8405, 787, 789, 806, 65062, 65069,
+    42609, 1160, 11774, 11744, 11768, 11747, 11757, 11765, 42654, 11751,
+    11752, 11753, 11756, 42613, 11775, 11772, 42655, 11767, 11754, 42619,
+    11763, 11762, 42618, 42615, 42612, 42617, 11770, 42614, 11771, 11773,
+    11769, 11759, 42616, 11760, 11758, 11748, 11749, 11761, 11746, 11764,
+    11755, 11745, 11750, 11766, 42621, 1156, 1158, 1159, 1157, 42608, 42610,
+    1155, 65070, 65071, 1161, 42620, 123023, 42607, 770, 813, 807, 43248,
+    43244, 43245, 43246, 43247, 43242, 43243, 43249, 43237, 43236, 43239,
+    43238, 43235, 43234, 43232, 43241, 43233, 43240, 7675, 776, 6833, 804,
+    775, 7672, 856, 803, 7674, 7617, 7616, 861, 860, 865, 7676, 862, 863,
+    6840, 831, 6858, 6857, 6844, 866, 858, 864, 65058, 65059, 8422, 840, 782,
+    779, 783, 819, 7629, 6832, 798, 6835, 8413, 8416, 8418, 8414, 8419, 8420,
     8415, 839, 850, 8412, 122892, 122884, 122891, 122890, 122921, 122919,
     122889, 122916, 122900, 122907, 122910, 122901, 122908, 122880, 122920,
     122881, 122909, 122903, 122922, 122883, 122895, 122894, 122896, 122898,
@@ -9735,10 +10059,10 @@ static const unsigned int dawg_pos_to_codepoint[] = {
     996, 11434, 11472, 11414, 11422, 11478, 11468, 11470, 11476, 11474,
     11482, 11460, 11480, 11454, 11462, 11444, 11486, 11488, 11484, 11490,
     11440, 1004, 994, 11456, 11402, 11428, 11408, 11430, 11404, 11394, 11438,
-    11424, 11410, 11426, 11400, 11416, 11418, 11432, 66272, 66298, 66289,
-    66295, 66286, 66294, 66285, 66299, 66290, 66291, 66297, 66288, 66296,
-    66287, 66293, 66284, 66292, 66283, 66282, 66277, 66276, 66279, 66278,
-    66275, 66274, 66281, 66273, 66280, 11517, 11518, 11514, 11515, 11516,
+    11424, 11410, 11426, 11400, 11416, 11418, 11432, 66298, 66289, 66295,
+    66286, 66294, 66285, 66299, 66290, 66291, 66297, 66288, 66296, 66287,
+    66293, 66284, 66292, 66283, 66282, 66277, 66276, 66279, 66278, 66275,
+    66274, 66281, 66273, 66280, 66272, 11517, 11518, 11514, 11515, 11516,
     11513, 11465, 11393, 11507, 11500, 11502, 11447, 11453, 11459, 11467,
     11443, 11449, 11451, 11399, 1007, 1003, 11397, 1001, 11407, 999, 11437,
     11413, 11421, 997, 11435, 11473, 11415, 11423, 11479, 11469, 11471,
@@ -9749,7 +10073,7 @@ static const unsigned int dawg_pos_to_codepoint[] = {
     8792, 129720, 9012, 9013, 119661, 119660, 119663, 119662, 119659, 119658,
     119665, 119657, 119664, 119652, 119651, 119654, 119653, 119650, 119649,
     119656, 119648, 119655, 128715, 128145, 128004, 128046, 9904, 129689,
-    129509, 983074, 128179, 127769, 129431, 127951, 9769, 9768, 11857, 11856,
+    129509, 983074, 128179, 127769, 129431, 127951, 9769, 9768, 11856, 11857,
     128322, 128321, 10060, 127370, 127884, 9876, 9932, 128010, 129360,
     128081, 8354, 129660, 128575, 128546, 128302, 129408, 8731, 74794, 74771,
     74861, 74780, 74820, 74821, 74765, 74758, 74853, 74856, 74855, 74854,
@@ -9815,462 +10139,871 @@ static const unsigned int dawg_pos_to_codepoint[] = {
     74117, 74116, 74118, 74630, 74119, 74962, 74963, 74631, 74122, 74123,
     74120, 74121, 74626, 74107, 74106, 74628, 74108, 74109, 74124, 74125,
     74126, 74131, 74132, 74128, 74129, 74130, 74133, 74134, 74135, 74136,
-    74137, 74138, 74139, 74140, 74141, 74142, 74607, 74127, 74144, 74146,
-    74147, 74145, 74152, 74153, 74150, 74151, 74148, 74149, 74154, 74155,
-    74157, 74158, 74163, 74164, 74165, 74160, 74161, 74156, 74159, 74162,
-    74143, 74166, 74167, 74168, 74169, 74170, 74171, 74172, 74175, 74173,
-    74174, 74176, 74177, 74182, 74183, 74180, 74181, 74632, 74186, 74184,
-    74185, 74188, 74190, 74189, 74187, 74194, 74195, 74193, 74191, 74192,
-    74196, 74197, 74198, 74199, 74200, 74201, 74202, 74205, 74206, 74207,
-    74208, 74204, 74209, 74211, 74210, 74212, 74213, 74215, 74214, 74216,
-    74218, 74217, 74964, 74178, 74179, 74203, 74219, 74220, 74223, 74224,
-    74221, 74222, 74966, 74967, 74974, 74973, 74972, 74969, 74970, 74971,
-    74975, 74968, 74965, 74977, 74976, 74980, 74981, 74982, 74984, 74985,
-    74978, 74979, 74983, 74986, 74987, 74988, 74989, 74990, 74991, 74993,
-    74997, 74996, 74998, 74995, 74994, 74992, 74999, 75000, 75003, 75004,
-    75005, 75006, 75001, 75002, 75009, 75015, 75016, 75019, 75017, 75018,
-    75013, 75012, 75010, 75011, 75014, 75021, 75030, 75029, 75027, 75024,
-    75025, 75028, 75022, 75026, 75023, 75008, 75020, 75031, 75032, 75007,
-    74226, 74227, 74228, 74229, 74230, 74225, 74231, 74233, 74234, 74232,
-    74235, 74237, 74258, 74259, 75033, 74261, 74633, 74260, 74240, 74634,
-    74241, 74243, 75035, 74246, 74247, 74245, 74248, 74249, 74250, 74251,
-    75036, 75037, 74254, 74255, 74635, 74256, 75038, 74242, 74252, 74253,
-    75034, 74238, 74239, 74244, 74257, 74263, 74265, 74264, 74266, 74269,
-    74270, 74271, 74236, 74262, 74267, 74268, 74272, 74273, 74274, 74278,
-    74279, 74275, 74276, 74277, 74280, 74281, 74636, 74282, 75039, 74283,
-    74284, 74290, 74294, 74295, 75041, 75040, 74292, 74293, 74291, 74296,
-    74297, 74298, 74299, 74300, 74637, 74301, 74286, 74287, 74285, 74289,
-    74288, 74302, 74304, 74307, 74305, 74306, 74308, 74310, 74309, 74311,
-    74303, 74638, 74312, 74314, 74313, 74315, 74316, 74319, 74321, 74320,
-    74639, 74322, 74324, 74325, 74323, 74642, 75043, 74326, 75044, 75046,
-    75047, 74327, 75048, 74329, 74328, 75049, 74330, 74332, 74333, 74331,
-    75050, 75051, 74334, 75052, 74335, 75042, 74641, 75045, 74640, 74317,
-    74336, 74318, 74337, 74338, 983266, 983265, 74643, 74339, 74347, 74348,
-    74342, 74343, 74341, 74344, 74340, 74346, 74345, 74349, 74355, 74354,
-    74350, 74352, 74358, 74359, 74353, 74357, 74351, 74356, 74360, 74361,
-    74362, 74363, 74364, 74365, 74366, 74644, 74367, 74375, 74376, 74368,
-    74369, 74373, 74374, 74370, 74371, 74372, 74377, 74378, 74379, 74380,
-    74381, 74382, 74645, 74383, 74384, 74385, 74386, 74387, 74389, 74408,
-    75053, 74388, 74646, 74395, 74394, 75055, 74400, 74399, 75056, 74401,
-    74406, 74402, 74403, 74404, 74405, 74391, 74392, 74396, 74398, 75054,
-    74397, 74393, 74390, 74407, 74409, 74410, 74411, 74412, 74413, 74414,
-    74421, 74422, 74419, 74417, 74420, 74416, 74418, 74415, 74423, 75057,
-    74424, 74425, 74426, 75058, 74428, 74429, 75059, 75060, 75061, 74427,
-    74432, 74434, 74433, 74430, 74431, 74435, 74437, 74436, 74438, 74441,
-    74440, 74444, 74445, 74446, 74448, 74447, 74443, 74449, 74442, 74439,
-    74451, 74453, 74452, 74450, 74454, 74455, 74456, 74457, 75063, 75062,
-    74458, 74459, 75064, 74460, 74461, 74462, 74463, 74465, 74464, 74466,
-    74468, 74469, 74471, 74472, 74473, 74474, 74467, 74470, 74475, 74477,
-    74478, 74479, 74476, 74480, 74481, 74482, 74483, 74488, 74486, 74487,
-    74485, 74489, 74484, 74490, 75065, 74491, 74494, 74497, 74499, 74500,
-    74498, 74495, 74647, 74496, 74501, 74504, 75066, 75067, 74505, 74506,
-    74502, 74503, 74492, 74493, 74507, 74510, 74512, 74511, 74649, 74509,
-    74508, 74515, 74516, 74522, 74523, 74519, 74520, 74517, 74518, 74521,
-    74524, 74534, 74535, 74525, 74526, 74648, 74527, 74528, 74529, 74531,
-    74532, 74533, 74530, 74536, 74538, 74537, 74539, 75068, 74540, 74541,
-    74542, 74545, 74546, 74547, 75069, 74544, 74543, 74549, 74550, 74551,
-    74552, 74553, 75070, 74555, 74556, 74558, 74557, 74559, 74560, 74562,
-    74564, 74563, 75072, 74566, 75071, 74570, 74569, 74572, 74574, 74573,
-    74554, 74567, 74571, 74565, 74561, 74568, 74575, 74576, 74548, 74577,
-    74581, 74579, 74580, 74578, 74584, 74583, 74582, 74586, 74587, 74588,
-    74585, 74513, 74514, 74589, 74591, 74590, 74593, 75073, 74592, 74595,
-    74598, 74599, 74596, 74601, 74597, 74600, 74602, 75074, 74603, 75075,
-    74604, 74605, 74606, 74594, 9982, 129380, 11232, 129473, 8911, 8910,
-    10160, 9130, 129356, 128177, 164, 127835, 10081, 127854, 128707, 129362,
-    129385, 67594, 67595, 67596, 67597, 67598, 67599, 67600, 67601, 67602,
-    67603, 67604, 67605, 67606, 67607, 67608, 67609, 67610, 67611, 67612,
-    67613, 67614, 67615, 67616, 67617, 67618, 67619, 67620, 67621, 67622,
-    67623, 67624, 67625, 67626, 67627, 67628, 67629, 67630, 67631, 67632,
-    67633, 67634, 67635, 67636, 67637, 67589, 67592, 67644, 67647, 67639,
-    67640, 67584, 67585, 67586, 67587, 67588, 77712, 77713, 77714, 77715,
-    77716, 77717, 77718, 77719, 77722, 77723, 77720, 77721, 77724, 77725,
-    77726, 77727, 77728, 77729, 77730, 77731, 77732, 77733, 77734, 77735,
-    77736, 77737, 77738, 77739, 77740, 77741, 77742, 77743, 77744, 77745,
-    77746, 77747, 77748, 77749, 77750, 77751, 77752, 77753, 77754, 77755,
-    77756, 77757, 77758, 77773, 77774, 77768, 77769, 77770, 77771, 77772,
-    77775, 77776, 77777, 77788, 77789, 77790, 77791, 77792, 77793, 77794,
-    77795, 77796, 77759, 77760, 77761, 77762, 77763, 77764, 77765, 77766,
-    77767, 77778, 77779, 77780, 77781, 77782, 77783, 77784, 77785, 77786,
-    77787, 77797, 77798, 77799, 77800, 77801, 77802, 77803, 77804, 77805,
-    77806, 77807, 77808, 77809, 77810, 1126, 1033, 1300, 42574, 1034, 1055,
-    1190, 1316, 1136, 1146, 42564, 42592, 42580, 1296, 1302, 1058, 42634,
-    1196, 1035, 42640, 42638, 1062, 42642, 42636, 1059, 1266, 1264, 1262,
-    1144, 1028, 1040, 1234, 1232, 1212, 1214, 1248, 1192, 1310, 1256, 1258,
-    1184, 42602, 1130, 42572, 42586, 1030, 1041, 1063, 1268, 1206, 1208,
-    42584, 42650, 42630, 1026, 42568, 42604, 42648, 1029, 42562, 1322, 42632,
-    1039, 42626, 1324, 42624, 1044, 1069, 1051, 1312, 1326, 1221, 1298, 1053,
-    1314, 1186, 1320, 1225, 1223, 1056, 1166, 1260, 1057, 1194, 1052, 1229,
-    1060, 1043, 1172, 1168, 1270, 1170, 1274, 1027, 1061, 1202, 1276, 1278,
-    1066, 42644, 1048, 1252, 1037, 1250, 1045, 1024, 1238, 1025, 42588, 1128,
-    1132, 42578, 42582, 1124, 42566, 1140, 1142, 1050, 1178, 1219, 1180,
-    1182, 1286, 1282, 1280, 1288, 1290, 1292, 1294, 1284, 1152, 1227, 1036,
-    1134, 42600, 42570, 1054, 1120, 1148, 1254, 1150, 1240, 1242, 1049, 1162,
-    1038, 1210, 1318, 1065, 42646, 1064, 42596, 42598, 1068, 42594, 1198,
-    1200, 1164, 1071, 1304, 1122, 1067, 1272, 42576, 1031, 42590, 1070, 1047,
-    1246, 1176, 42560, 1046, 1244, 1174, 1217, 42628, 1138, 1032, 1042, 1308,
-    1306, 1236, 1204, 1188, 42622, 42606, 1216, 7467, 42623, 1072, 1235,
-    1233, 1213, 1215, 1249, 1193, 1311, 1257, 1259, 1185, 42603, 1131, 42573,
-    42587, 1110, 1073, 1095, 1269, 1207, 1209, 42585, 42651, 42631, 1106,
-    42569, 42605, 42649, 1109, 42563, 1323, 42633, 1119, 42627, 1325, 42625,
-    1076, 1101, 1083, 1313, 1327, 1222, 1299, 1085, 1315, 1187, 1321, 1226,
-    1224, 1088, 1167, 1261, 1089, 1195, 1084, 1230, 1092, 1075, 1173, 1169,
-    1271, 1171, 1275, 1107, 1093, 1203, 1277, 1279, 1098, 42645, 1080, 1253,
-    1117, 1251, 1077, 1104, 1239, 1105, 42589, 1129, 1133, 42579, 42583,
-    1125, 42567, 1141, 1143, 1082, 1179, 1220, 1181, 1183, 1287, 1283, 1281,
-    1289, 1291, 1293, 1295, 1285, 1153, 1228, 1116, 1135, 1127, 7297, 1113,
-    1301, 42601, 42571, 42575, 7298, 1114, 1086, 1121, 1149, 1255, 1151,
-    1087, 1191, 1317, 1231, 1137, 42565, 42593, 42581, 1297, 1147, 7296,
-    1303, 1241, 1243, 1081, 1163, 1118, 1211, 1319, 1097, 42647, 1096, 42597,
-    42599, 1100, 42595, 1199, 1201, 1165, 7302, 7303, 7300, 1090, 42635,
-    1197, 1115, 42641, 42639, 1094, 7301, 42643, 42637, 1091, 1267, 1265,
-    1263, 1145, 1108, 7304, 7299, 1309, 1103, 1305, 1123, 1099, 1273, 42577,
-    1111, 42591, 1102, 1079, 1247, 1177, 42561, 1078, 1245, 1175, 1218,
-    42629, 1139, 1112, 1074, 1307, 1237, 1205, 1189, 122984, 122962, 122986,
-    122985, 122965, 122976, 122971, 122974, 122964, 122983, 122977, 122981,
-    122982, 122980, 122978, 122967, 122968, 122969, 122966, 122979, 122973,
-    122963, 122970, 122961, 122972, 122975, 1154, 9005, 127744, 983201,
-    983188, 983172, 8224, 11830, 11831, 128481, 128131, 127841, 128374, 9619,
-    11843, 128168, 10143, 65101, 65097, 8504, 983081, 983084, 983086, 983088,
-    983090, 983162, 127795, 9110, 9192, 128475, 8451, 176, 8457, 983120,
-    128666, 8796, 983119, 9161, 9159, 9153, 9156, 9162, 9160, 9154, 9157,
-    9163, 9150, 9158, 9164, 9151, 9152, 9155, 127980, 9739, 66589, 66591,
-    66596, 66597, 66587, 66585, 66594, 66595, 66593, 66599, 66562, 66563,
-    66564, 66565, 66561, 66560, 66568, 66569, 66570, 66571, 66567, 66566,
-    66598, 66573, 66588, 66579, 66592, 66590, 66581, 66578, 66580, 66582,
-    66577, 66586, 66575, 66584, 66583, 66574, 66572, 66576, 66629, 66631,
-    66636, 66637, 66627, 66625, 66634, 66635, 66633, 66639, 66602, 66603,
-    66604, 66605, 66601, 66600, 66608, 66609, 66610, 66611, 66607, 66606,
-    66638, 66613, 66628, 66619, 66632, 66630, 66621, 66618, 66620, 66622,
-    66617, 66626, 66615, 66624, 66623, 66614, 66612, 66616, 127964, 127965,
-    128421, 128468, 2388, 2416, 43258, 2387, 43257, 72448, 72449, 43259,
-    2309, 2310, 2320, 2324, 2421, 43262, 2330, 2418, 2317, 2321, 2331, 2396,
-    2430, 2338, 2337, 2343, 2342, 2429, 2394, 2328, 2427, 2327, 2426, 2361,
-    2350, 2424, 2308, 2318, 2322, 2358, 2359, 2360, 2323, 2420, 2419, 2431,
-    2349, 2348, 2333, 2428, 2332, 2393, 2326, 2325, 2397, 2353, 2352, 2399,
-    2351, 2313, 2314, 2423, 2422, 2345, 2339, 2329, 2334, 2344, 2356, 2355,
-    2354, 2336, 2335, 2341, 2340, 2315, 2400, 2316, 2401, 2357, 2311, 2312,
-    2347, 2346, 2425, 2395, 2398, 2392, 2319, 983644, 983643, 983646, 983647,
-    983649, 983648, 983642, 983645, 72450, 72451, 72452, 72453, 2305, 43255,
-    43251, 43254, 43253, 72455, 72454, 72456, 43256, 43250, 43260, 43252,
-    2304, 2365, 2306, 72457, 2364, 2417, 2381, 2307, 2386, 2385, 2366, 2376,
-    2380, 2383, 43263, 2389, 2373, 2377, 2379, 2363, 2362, 2382, 2369, 2370,
-    2391, 2390, 2374, 2378, 2371, 2372, 2402, 2403, 2367, 2368, 2375, 2405,
-    2404, 2411, 2410, 2413, 2412, 2409, 2408, 2406, 2415, 2407, 2414, 43261,
-    2384, 983089, 983161, 983087, 983085, 983083, 127962, 129487, 129420,
-    11033, 11032, 11030, 11031, 128924, 128160, 8900, 8960, 168, 9856, 9857,
-    9858, 9859, 9860, 9861, 128754, 53, 127238, 9356, 52, 127237, 9355, 57,
-    127242, 9360, 49, 127234, 9352, 55, 127240, 9358, 54, 127239, 9357, 51,
-    127236, 9354, 50, 127235, 9353, 48, 127233, 127232, 56, 127241, 9359,
-    119557, 119556, 119555, 9868, 9871, 9870, 9869, 119553, 119554, 10131,
-    10126, 10125, 10128, 10127, 10124, 10123, 127244, 10130, 10122, 10129,
-    10111, 10106, 10105, 10108, 10107, 10104, 10103, 10110, 10102, 10109,
-    10121, 10116, 10115, 10118, 10117, 10114, 10113, 127243, 10120, 10112,
-    10119, 9107, 127919, 128549, 128542, 9933, 9090, 129400, 72004, 72021,
-    72020, 72023, 72022, 72019, 72018, 72016, 72025, 72017, 72024, 71964,
-    71958, 71963, 71974, 71973, 71936, 71937, 71961, 71960, 71966, 71965,
-    71940, 71941, 71938, 71939, 71982, 71976, 71952, 71962, 71957, 71967,
-    71978, 71979, 71980, 71971, 71970, 71954, 71953, 71951, 71950, 71949,
-    71948, 71969, 71968, 71981, 71955, 71972, 71975, 71977, 71983, 71942,
-    71945, 71997, 71996, 72003, 71995, 71984, 71991, 71987, 71988, 71985,
-    71986, 71989, 71992, 71998, 72002, 72000, 72005, 72006, 71999, 72001,
-    8725, 247, 8903, 129343, 8739, 9902, 129684, 128171, 128565, 12291, 8783,
-    9009, 128462, 128441, 128442, 128443, 8939, 8941, 8716, 8740, 10990,
-    8832, 8928, 8876, 8833, 8929, 8878, 128021, 71723, 71716, 71680, 71681,
-    71687, 71689, 71703, 71702, 71708, 71707, 71701, 71700, 71706, 71705,
-    71684, 71685, 71682, 71683, 71694, 71704, 71699, 71709, 71719, 71720,
-    71721, 71713, 71712, 71696, 71695, 71693, 71692, 71698, 71697, 71691,
-    71690, 71711, 71710, 71722, 71717, 71714, 71718, 71715, 71686, 71688,
-    71729, 71730, 71724, 71732, 71734, 71727, 71728, 71725, 71726, 71731,
-    71733, 71739, 71738, 71735, 71737, 71736, 128054, 128044, 36, 127025,
-    127026, 127027, 127028, 127029, 127030, 127031, 127032, 127033, 127034,
-    127035, 127036, 127037, 127038, 127039, 127040, 127041, 127042, 127043,
-    127044, 127045, 127046, 127047, 127048, 127049, 127050, 127051, 127052,
-    127053, 127054, 127055, 127056, 127057, 127058, 127059, 127060, 127061,
-    127062, 127063, 127064, 127065, 127066, 127067, 127068, 127069, 127070,
-    127071, 127072, 127073, 127024, 127075, 127076, 127077, 127078, 127079,
-    127080, 127081, 127082, 127083, 127084, 127085, 127086, 127087, 127088,
-    127089, 127090, 127091, 127092, 127093, 127094, 127095, 127096, 127097,
-    127098, 127099, 127100, 127101, 127102, 127103, 127104, 127105, 127106,
-    127107, 127108, 127109, 127110, 127111, 127112, 127113, 127114, 127115,
-    127116, 127117, 127118, 127119, 127120, 127121, 127122, 127123, 127074,
-    129743, 8363, 8724, 8760, 8901, 729, 9676, 8284, 11850, 11034, 129765,
-    11795, 11784, 10649, 11798, 9470, 9465, 9464, 9467, 9466, 9463, 9462,
-    9469, 9461, 9468, 10175, 10868, 10986, 8225, 8223, 11840, 8914, 8748,
-    11842, 8222, 8215, 10835, 10836, 10645, 10913, 10915, 10914, 10939, 8243,
-    12318, 10746, 10830, 10831, 11849, 10988, 11844, 10940, 8913, 8912,
-    11005, 10987, 8915, 9208, 10981, 8875, 10979, 8214, 11799, 10646, 733,
-    8252, 8263, 65100, 10908, 10907, 11002, 11001, 10906, 10905, 8510, 8473,
-    8511, 8450, 8461, 8469, 8474, 8477, 8484, 8518, 8519, 8520, 8521, 8517,
-    8509, 8508, 8512, 10719, 9890, 9891, 11260, 127849, 8868, 10993, 10623,
-    8945, 8964, 128315, 128317, 10728, 10729, 129288, 129290, 129289, 129291,
-    8595, 8629, 8671, 129035, 129031, 129179, 129043, 129027, 129047, 8626,
-    8627, 10504, 8693, 129975, 8615, 10515, 11796, 11107, 11139, 11123,
-    129067, 11168, 11169, 129063, 129059, 129075, 129071, 11133, 11085,
-    11117, 11143, 129171, 10507, 8609, 11247, 8681, 129175, 8623, 11147,
-    11015, 8659, 8675, 129079, 10597, 10607, 10593, 10585, 8643, 10589,
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-    7341, 7340, 7338, 7352, 7316, 7334, 7314, 7348, 7358, 7344, 7346, 7349,
-    7345, 7343, 7339, 7333, 7321, 7359, 7322, 7332, 7326, 7336, 7329, 7353,
-    7319, 7330, 7327, 7318, 7328, 7313, 7323, 7342, 7324, 7335, 7317, 7315,
-    7320, 7325, 7331, 7351, 7347, 7350, 4347, 8368, 12307, 129502, 8503,
-    129754, 128103, 128714, 129426, 11264, 11304, 11265, 11311, 11293, 11276,
-    11268, 11271, 11287, 11306, 11267, 11275, 11274, 11305, 11303, 11307,
-    11273, 11310, 11278, 11279, 11280, 11281, 11289, 11282, 11290, 11283,
-    11291, 11308, 11294, 11284, 11298, 11300, 11301, 11285, 11309, 11292,
-    11266, 11269, 11296, 11295, 11297, 11302, 11299, 11272, 11270, 11288,
-    11286, 11277, 11312, 11352, 11313, 11359, 11341, 11324, 11316, 11319,
-    11335, 11354, 11315, 11323, 11322, 11353, 11351, 11355, 11321, 11358,
-    11326, 11327, 11328, 11329, 11337, 11330, 11338, 11331, 11339, 11356,
-    11342, 11332, 11346, 11348, 11349, 11333, 11357, 11340, 11314, 11317,
-    11344, 11343, 11345, 11350, 11347, 11320, 11318, 11336, 11334, 11325,
-    129371, 127760, 127775, 129508, 10726, 129349, 128016, 66356, 66352,
-    66376, 66359, 66358, 66375, 66378, 66369, 66365, 66368, 66357, 66370,
-    66360, 66372, 66373, 66367, 66374, 66353, 66377, 66355, 66364, 66371,
-    66361, 66363, 66366, 66354, 66362, 129405, 129421, 128893, 129727,
+    65294, 65508, 65372, 8289, 9905, 118280, 9981, 9179, 983215, 983216,
+    983217, 983219, 983108, 983236, 983072, 68972, 68971, 68973, 68970,
+    68964, 68965, 68959, 68961, 68948, 68945, 68954, 68960, 68953, 68963,
+    68949, 68947, 68952, 68946, 68962, 68958, 68950, 68957, 68951, 68955,
+    68956, 68944, 68996, 68997, 68991, 68993, 68980, 68977, 68986, 68992,
+    68985, 68995, 68981, 68979, 68984, 68978, 68994, 68990, 68982, 68989,
+    68983, 68987, 68988, 68976, 68943, 68969, 68941, 68938, 68939, 68940,
+    68942, 68975, 68974, 69006, 69007, 68933, 68932, 68935, 68934, 68931,
+    68930, 68928, 68937, 68929, 68936, 129476, 127922, 9881, 9965, 9966,
+    128142, 9802, 8782, 8785, 8762, 4301, 4256, 4288, 4292, 4290, 4293, 4289,
+    4281, 4285, 4284, 4282, 4278, 4258, 4287, 4283, 4277, 4265, 4276, 4270,
+    4280, 4273, 4271, 4262, 4263, 4274, 4266, 4272, 4257, 4267, 4286, 4268,
+    4279, 4261, 4259, 4260, 4264, 4269, 4275, 4295, 4291, 11565, 11520,
+    11552, 11556, 11554, 11557, 11553, 11545, 11549, 11548, 11546, 11542,
+    11522, 11551, 11547, 11541, 11529, 11540, 11534, 11544, 11537, 11535,
+    11526, 11527, 11538, 11530, 11536, 11521, 11531, 11550, 11532, 11543,
+    11525, 11523, 11524, 11528, 11533, 11539, 11559, 11555, 983955, 4323,
+    4349, 4346, 4304, 4329, 4333, 4332, 4330, 4344, 4308, 4326, 4306, 4340,
+    4350, 4336, 4338, 4341, 4337, 4335, 4331, 4325, 4313, 4351, 4314, 4324,
+    4318, 4328, 4321, 4345, 4311, 4322, 4319, 4310, 4320, 4305, 4315, 4334,
+    4316, 4327, 4309, 4307, 4312, 4317, 4343, 4339, 4342, 7357, 7354, 7312,
+    7337, 7341, 7340, 7338, 7352, 7316, 7334, 7314, 7348, 7358, 7344, 7346,
+    7349, 7345, 7343, 7339, 7333, 7321, 7359, 7322, 7332, 7326, 7336, 7329,
+    7353, 7319, 7330, 7327, 7318, 7328, 7313, 7323, 7342, 7324, 7335, 7317,
+    7315, 7320, 7325, 7331, 7351, 7347, 7350, 4347, 8368, 12307, 129502,
+    8503, 129754, 128103, 128714, 129426, 11264, 11304, 11265, 11311, 11293,
+    11276, 11268, 11271, 11287, 11306, 11267, 11275, 11274, 11305, 11303,
+    11307, 11273, 11310, 11278, 11279, 11280, 11281, 11289, 11282, 11290,
+    11283, 11291, 11308, 11294, 11284, 11298, 11300, 11301, 11285, 11309,
+    11292, 11266, 11269, 11296, 11295, 11297, 11302, 11299, 11272, 11270,
+    11288, 11286, 11277, 11312, 11352, 11313, 11359, 11341, 11324, 11316,
+    11319, 11335, 11354, 11315, 11323, 11322, 11353, 11351, 11355, 11321,
+    11358, 11326, 11327, 11328, 11329, 11337, 11330, 11338, 11331, 11339,
+    11356, 11342, 11332, 11346, 11348, 11349, 11333, 11357, 11340, 11314,
+    11317, 11344, 11343, 11345, 11350, 11347, 11320, 11318, 11336, 11334,
+    11325, 129371, 127760, 127775, 129508, 10726, 129349, 128016, 66356,
+    66352, 66376, 66359, 66358, 66375, 66378, 66369, 66365, 66368, 66357,
+    66370, 66360, 66372, 66373, 66367, 66374, 66353, 66377, 66355, 66364,
+    66371, 66361, 66363, 66366, 66354, 66362, 129421, 129405, 128893, 129727,
     127948, 127891, 70495, 70494, 70411, 70496, 70412, 70497, 70453, 70405,
     70406, 70416, 70420, 70434, 70433, 70439, 70438, 70432, 70431, 70437,
     70436, 70409, 70410, 70407, 70408, 70451, 70450, 70425, 70435, 70430,
     70440, 70454, 70455, 70456, 70445, 70444, 70427, 70426, 70424, 70423,
     70429, 70428, 70422, 70421, 70443, 70442, 70419, 70415, 70457, 70446,
-    70448, 70447, 70400, 70401, 70493, 70461, 70402, 70460, 70477, 70403,
-    70462, 70472, 70476, 70467, 70468, 70498, 70499, 70465, 70466, 70463,
-    70464, 70475, 70471, 70487, 70480, 96, 127815, 10896, 10894, 10900,
+    70448, 70447, 70400, 70401, 70460, 70461, 70402, 70493, 70477, 70403,
+    70487, 70462, 70472, 70476, 70465, 70466, 70467, 70468, 70498, 70499,
+    70463, 70464, 70475, 70471, 70480, 96, 127815, 10896, 10894, 10900,
     10892, 10898, 10616, 10890, 10888, 10917, 8935, 8809, 10878, 10882,
     10884, 10880, 10886, 8819, 8805, 8823, 10916, 8807, 8923, 10919, 10921,
     10874, 10876, 8919, 62, 65860, 65863, 65878, 65866, 65873, 65859, 65861,
@@ -10318,192 +11051,199 @@ static const unsigned int dawg_pos_to_codepoint[] = {
     119322, 119323, 119324, 119296, 119305, 119306, 119307, 119308, 119309,
     119310, 119311, 119312, 119313, 119314, 119298, 119299, 119301, 119302,
     119303, 119304, 890, 65913, 976, 65928, 65930, 894, 127823, 128215,
-    128154, 129367, 129654, 128512, 129322, 128513, 129321, 128568, 128556,
+    128154, 129367, 129654, 128512, 129322, 129321, 128513, 128568, 128556,
     983110, 11218, 128151, 8370, 128130, 127928, 129454, 2693, 2694, 2704,
     2708, 2722, 2721, 2727, 2726, 2720, 2719, 2725, 2724, 2699, 2784, 2700,
     2785, 2741, 2697, 2698, 2695, 2696, 2739, 2738, 2809, 2713, 2723, 2718,
     2728, 2742, 2743, 2744, 2733, 2732, 2715, 2714, 2712, 2711, 2717, 2716,
     2710, 2709, 2731, 2730, 2745, 2734, 2736, 2735, 2703, 2707, 2814, 2689,
-    2812, 2815, 2813, 2811, 2810, 2749, 2690, 2748, 2765, 2691, 2757, 2761,
-    2750, 2760, 2764, 2755, 2756, 2786, 2787, 2753, 2754, 2751, 2752, 2759,
+    2812, 2815, 2813, 2811, 2810, 2748, 2749, 2690, 2765, 2691, 2757, 2761,
+    2750, 2760, 2764, 2753, 2754, 2755, 2756, 2786, 2787, 2751, 2752, 2759,
     2763, 2701, 2705, 2800, 2801, 2795, 2794, 2797, 2796, 2793, 2792, 2790,
-    2799, 2791, 2798, 2768, 73056, 73057, 73064, 73067, 73091, 73090, 73081,
-    73080, 73086, 73085, 73076, 73075, 73060, 73061, 73092, 73082, 73058,
+    2799, 2791, 2798, 2768, 73092, 73082, 73056, 73057, 73064, 73067, 73091,
+    73090, 73081, 73080, 73086, 73085, 73076, 73075, 73060, 73061, 73058,
     73059, 73087, 73077, 73071, 73070, 73084, 73083, 73079, 73078, 73089,
     73088, 73074, 73073, 73094, 73093, 73066, 73063, 73095, 73072, 73096,
     73097, 73069, 73068, 73110, 73109, 73098, 73105, 73108, 73101, 73102,
     73099, 73100, 73107, 73104, 73111, 73125, 73124, 73127, 73126, 73123,
     73122, 73120, 73129, 73121, 73128, 73112, 2678, 2673, 2650, 2584, 2583,
-    2649, 2582, 2581, 2652, 2608, 2565, 2566, 2576, 2580, 2594, 2593, 2599,
-    2598, 2592, 2591, 2597, 2596, 2569, 2570, 2567, 2568, 2611, 2610, 2585,
+    2649, 2582, 2581, 2565, 2566, 2576, 2580, 2594, 2593, 2599, 2598, 2652,
+    2608, 2592, 2591, 2597, 2596, 2569, 2570, 2567, 2568, 2611, 2610, 2585,
     2595, 2590, 2600, 2605, 2604, 2587, 2586, 2589, 2588, 2603, 2602, 2614,
     2616, 2579, 2575, 2654, 2617, 2606, 2613, 2607, 2651, 983656, 983655,
     983654, 983653, 983658, 983657, 2561, 2562, 2641, 2620, 2677, 2637, 2563,
     2622, 2632, 2636, 2625, 2626, 2623, 2624, 2635, 2631, 2672, 2674, 2676,
-    2667, 2666, 2669, 2668, 2665, 2664, 2662, 2671, 2663, 2670, 2675, 128123,
-    983111, 129710, 8202, 128135, 65467, 65441, 65443, 65444, 65445, 65446,
-    65469, 65458, 65460, 65449, 65454, 65455, 65452, 65451, 65450, 65456,
-    65453, 65465, 65442, 65459, 65448, 65462, 65461, 65483, 65482, 65476,
-    65477, 65499, 65490, 65495, 65466, 65464, 65479, 65478, 65498, 65500,
-    65463, 65457, 65468, 65447, 65493, 65492, 65485, 65486, 65494, 65470,
-    65474, 65475, 65484, 65487, 65491, 65440, 65388, 65390, 65389, 65391,
-    65383, 65386, 65384, 65387, 65385, 65403, 65406, 65404, 65407, 65405,
-    65437, 65413, 65416, 65414, 65417, 65415, 65418, 65421, 65419, 65422,
-    65420, 65398, 65401, 65399, 65402, 65400, 65423, 65426, 65424, 65427,
-    65425, 65431, 65434, 65432, 65435, 65433, 65408, 65411, 65409, 65412,
-    65410, 65428, 65430, 65429, 65436, 65382, 65393, 65396, 65394, 65397,
-    65395, 65439, 65438, 65381, 65392, 65378, 65513, 65379, 65515, 65514,
-    65512, 65380, 65377, 65517, 65518, 65516, 128296, 128736, 9773, 9874,
-    128057, 129708, 127828, 129310, 129776, 129342, 128092, 129309, 4366,
-    4434, 4435, 4431, 4413, 4412, 4436, 4430, 4433, 4415, 4414, 4437, 4432,
-    4364, 4429, 4363, 4427, 4420, 4422, 43382, 4425, 4424, 4419, 4426, 4418,
-    4417, 43383, 4421, 4379, 4439, 4395, 4396, 4381, 4352, 4442, 4367, 4358,
-    43375, 4380, 43376, 43377, 4354, 4444, 4371, 4374, 4373, 4445, 4443,
-    4369, 4438, 43386, 4359, 4385, 43378, 4387, 4390, 4386, 4388, 4389, 4394,
-    43379, 4382, 4392, 4391, 4393, 4384, 4383, 43380, 4416, 4357, 43371,
-    43374, 43364, 43365, 43370, 43367, 43372, 43368, 43373, 4376, 43369,
-    43366, 4378, 4361, 4402, 4403, 4410, 4404, 4400, 4408, 4397, 4407, 4406,
-    4401, 4409, 4399, 4398, 4411, 4405, 4365, 43384, 4362, 43381, 4377,
-    43385, 4356, 43388, 4353, 4372, 4360, 4440, 4423, 4355, 4446, 43360,
-    43363, 4375, 43361, 43362, 4368, 4428, 4441, 4370, 43387, 4447, 12335,
-    12334, 4541, 55288, 55287, 4542, 4546, 4598, 4599, 4597, 4600, 4540,
-    4591, 4588, 4589, 55261, 4596, 4582, 4578, 4520, 4605, 4547, 4522, 4548,
-    4604, 4602, 4603, 4606, 4543, 4535, 4572, 55265, 4575, 55263, 4574, 4573,
-    4571, 4576, 55266, 4570, 55262, 4577, 4523, 55243, 55244, 4524, 4553,
-    4550, 4549, 4525, 4552, 4551, 4587, 55284, 55283, 4545, 55291, 4595,
-    55290, 4536, 4579, 55268, 4537, 55271, 4580, 55273, 55272, 55269, 55267,
-    4581, 4527, 4528, 55254, 4556, 4565, 4568, 4529, 4561, 55256, 4562, 4530,
-    55258, 55257, 4564, 4563, 4533, 4567, 55253, 4566, 4531, 4558, 4559,
-    4532, 4569, 55260, 55259, 4557, 4534, 4538, 55275, 4583, 4585, 55280,
-    55279, 4586, 55278, 55274, 55281, 4584, 55282, 4560, 55255, 55245, 55246,
-    983213, 4539, 55276, 55277, 55264, 55289, 4521, 4607, 55270, 4590, 4526,
-    4555, 55248, 55249, 55252, 55251, 55250, 4554, 55247, 4544, 4592, 983214,
-    983211, 983212, 4593, 55285, 55286, 4594, 4601, 4449, 4510, 55238, 4511,
-    55237, 4513, 4512, 4515, 4470, 4471, 4450, 4454, 4453, 4476, 4474, 4475,
-    4467, 55227, 55226, 4502, 55225, 55228, 4501, 4469, 4504, 4509, 4505,
-    55229, 55230, 55232, 55231, 55234, 55235, 4506, 55233, 4508, 55236, 4507,
-    4514, 4457, 4482, 55217, 4481, 55216, 4518, 4519, 4480, 4479, 4483, 4460,
-    4462, 4492, 55221, 55222, 4491, 4489, 4490, 4493, 4451, 4473, 4472, 4516,
-    4452, 4456, 4455, 4517, 4477, 4478, 4468, 4503, 4461, 4484, 4485, 4486,
-    55218, 55219, 55220, 4488, 4487, 4466, 4498, 4497, 4496, 4495, 4494,
-    55223, 4500, 55224, 4499, 4464, 4463, 4458, 4459, 4465, 4448, 12623,
-    12685, 12686, 12624, 12618, 12616, 12628, 12627, 12641, 12643, 12615,
-    12676, 12664, 12665, 12657, 12619, 12593, 12595, 12609, 12654, 12656,
-    12655, 12596, 12597, 12646, 12598, 12648, 12647, 12610, 12612, 12660,
-    12661, 12663, 12659, 12662, 12658, 12621, 12671, 12601, 12602, 12649,
-    12603, 12607, 12604, 12651, 12652, 12606, 12650, 12653, 12608, 12605,
-    12620, 12599, 12613, 12670, 12666, 12667, 12669, 12668, 12617, 12594,
-    12645, 12611, 12600, 12677, 12614, 12672, 12638, 12637, 12632, 12633,
-    12639, 12630, 12629, 12678, 12673, 12675, 12674, 12635, 12679, 12680,
-    12681, 12640, 12683, 12682, 12684, 12625, 12626, 12642, 12622, 12631,
-    12634, 12636, 12644, 12323, 12346, 12345, 12322, 12344, 12325, 12324,
-    12327, 12326, 12329, 12321, 12328, 68875, 68874, 68887, 68889, 68872,
-    68881, 68868, 68867, 68877, 68876, 68890, 68891, 68885, 68880, 68879,
-    68865, 68870, 68873, 68882, 68871, 68869, 68883, 68884, 68866, 68892,
-    68886, 68888, 68878, 68864, 68899, 68898, 68901, 68903, 68902, 68900,
-    68893, 68896, 68894, 68897, 68895, 68917, 68916, 68919, 68918, 68915,
-    68914, 68912, 68921, 68913, 68920, 5925, 5928, 5930, 5927, 5924, 5937,
-    5923, 5934, 5931, 5929, 5933, 5936, 5926, 5935, 5932, 5920, 5921, 5922,
-    5940, 5938, 5939, 128587, 128035, 67808, 67823, 67814, 67816, 67829,
+    2667, 2666, 2669, 2668, 2665, 2664, 2662, 2671, 2663, 2670, 2675, 90412,
+    90414, 90411, 90410, 90373, 90388, 90382, 90381, 90387, 90386, 90380,
+    90379, 90385, 90384, 90392, 90391, 90375, 90374, 90372, 90371, 90377,
+    90376, 90370, 90369, 90390, 90389, 90378, 90396, 90393, 90395, 90397,
+    90383, 90394, 90368, 90413, 90415, 90398, 90405, 90408, 90401, 90402,
+    90406, 90407, 90399, 90400, 90403, 90404, 90409, 90421, 90420, 90423,
+    90422, 90419, 90418, 90416, 90425, 90417, 90424, 128123, 983111, 129710,
+    8202, 128135, 65467, 65441, 65443, 65444, 65445, 65446, 65469, 65458,
+    65460, 65449, 65454, 65455, 65452, 65451, 65450, 65456, 65453, 65465,
+    65442, 65459, 65448, 65462, 65461, 65483, 65482, 65476, 65477, 65499,
+    65490, 65495, 65466, 65464, 65479, 65478, 65498, 65500, 65463, 65457,
+    65468, 65447, 65493, 65492, 65485, 65486, 65494, 65470, 65474, 65475,
+    65484, 65487, 65491, 65440, 65388, 65390, 65389, 65391, 65383, 65386,
+    65384, 65387, 65385, 65403, 65406, 65404, 65407, 65405, 65437, 65413,
+    65416, 65414, 65417, 65415, 65418, 65421, 65419, 65422, 65420, 65398,
+    65401, 65399, 65402, 65400, 65423, 65426, 65424, 65427, 65425, 65431,
+    65434, 65432, 65435, 65433, 65408, 65411, 65409, 65412, 65410, 65428,
+    65430, 65429, 65436, 65382, 65393, 65396, 65394, 65397, 65395, 65439,
+    65438, 65381, 65392, 65378, 65513, 65379, 65515, 65512, 65514, 65380,
+    65377, 65517, 65518, 65516, 128296, 128736, 9773, 9874, 128057, 129708,
+    127828, 129310, 129776, 129342, 128092, 129309, 4366, 4434, 4435, 4431,
+    4413, 4412, 4436, 4430, 4433, 4415, 4414, 4437, 4432, 4364, 4429, 4363,
+    4427, 4420, 4422, 43382, 4425, 4424, 4419, 4426, 4418, 4417, 43383, 4421,
+    4379, 4439, 4395, 4396, 4381, 4352, 4442, 4367, 4358, 43375, 4380, 43376,
+    43377, 4354, 4444, 4371, 4374, 4373, 4445, 4443, 4369, 4438, 43386, 4359,
+    4385, 43378, 4387, 4390, 4386, 4388, 4389, 4394, 43379, 4382, 4392, 4391,
+    4393, 4384, 4383, 43380, 4416, 4357, 43371, 43374, 43364, 43365, 43370,
+    43367, 43372, 43368, 43373, 4376, 43369, 43366, 4378, 4361, 4402, 4403,
+    4410, 4404, 4400, 4408, 4397, 4407, 4406, 4401, 4409, 4399, 4398, 4411,
+    4405, 4365, 43384, 4362, 43381, 4377, 43385, 4356, 43388, 4353, 4372,
+    4360, 4440, 4423, 4355, 4446, 43360, 43363, 4375, 43361, 43362, 4368,
+    4428, 4441, 4370, 43387, 4447, 12335, 12334, 4541, 55288, 55287, 4542,
+    4546, 4598, 4599, 4597, 4600, 4540, 4591, 4588, 4589, 55261, 4596, 4582,
+    4578, 4520, 4605, 4547, 4522, 4548, 4604, 4602, 4603, 4606, 4543, 4535,
+    4572, 55265, 4575, 55263, 4574, 4573, 4571, 4576, 55266, 4570, 55262,
+    4577, 4523, 55243, 55244, 4524, 4553, 4550, 4549, 4525, 4552, 4551, 4587,
+    55284, 55283, 4545, 55291, 4595, 55290, 4536, 4579, 55268, 4537, 55271,
+    4580, 55273, 55272, 55269, 55267, 4581, 4527, 4528, 55254, 4556, 4565,
+    4568, 4529, 4561, 55256, 4562, 4530, 55258, 55257, 4564, 4563, 4533,
+    4567, 55253, 4566, 4531, 4558, 4559, 4532, 4569, 55260, 55259, 4557,
+    4534, 4538, 55275, 4583, 4585, 55280, 55279, 4586, 55278, 55274, 55281,
+    4584, 55282, 4560, 55255, 55245, 55246, 983213, 4539, 55276, 55277,
+    55264, 55289, 4521, 4607, 55270, 4590, 4526, 4555, 55248, 55249, 55252,
+    55251, 55250, 4554, 55247, 4544, 4592, 983214, 983211, 983212, 4593,
+    55285, 55286, 4594, 4601, 4449, 4510, 55238, 4511, 55237, 4513, 4512,
+    4515, 4470, 4471, 4450, 4454, 4453, 4476, 4474, 4475, 4467, 55227, 55226,
+    4502, 55225, 55228, 4501, 4469, 4504, 4509, 4505, 55229, 55230, 55232,
+    55231, 55234, 55235, 4506, 55233, 4508, 55236, 4507, 4514, 4457, 4482,
+    55217, 4481, 55216, 4518, 4519, 4480, 4479, 4483, 4460, 4462, 4492,
+    55221, 55222, 4491, 4489, 4490, 4493, 4451, 4473, 4472, 4516, 4452, 4456,
+    4455, 4517, 4477, 4478, 4468, 4503, 4461, 4484, 4485, 4486, 55218, 55219,
+    55220, 4488, 4487, 4466, 4498, 4497, 4496, 4495, 4494, 55223, 4500,
+    55224, 4499, 4464, 4463, 4458, 4459, 4465, 4448, 12623, 12685, 12686,
+    12624, 12618, 12616, 12628, 12627, 12641, 12643, 12615, 12676, 12664,
+    12665, 12657, 12619, 12593, 12595, 12609, 12654, 12656, 12655, 12596,
+    12597, 12646, 12598, 12648, 12647, 12610, 12612, 12660, 12661, 12663,
+    12659, 12662, 12658, 12621, 12671, 12601, 12602, 12649, 12603, 12607,
+    12604, 12651, 12652, 12606, 12650, 12653, 12608, 12605, 12620, 12599,
+    12613, 12670, 12666, 12667, 12669, 12668, 12617, 12594, 12645, 12611,
+    12600, 12677, 12614, 12672, 12638, 12637, 12632, 12633, 12639, 12630,
+    12629, 12678, 12673, 12675, 12674, 12635, 12679, 12680, 12681, 12640,
+    12683, 12682, 12684, 12625, 12626, 12642, 12622, 12631, 12634, 12636,
+    12644, 12323, 12346, 12345, 12322, 12344, 12325, 12324, 12327, 12326,
+    12329, 12321, 12328, 68875, 68874, 68887, 68889, 68872, 68881, 68868,
+    68867, 68877, 68876, 68890, 68891, 68885, 68880, 68879, 68865, 68870,
+    68873, 68882, 68871, 68869, 68883, 68884, 68866, 68892, 68886, 68888,
+    68878, 68864, 68899, 68898, 68901, 68903, 68902, 68900, 68893, 68896,
+    68894, 68897, 68895, 68917, 68916, 68919, 68918, 68915, 68914, 68912,
+    68921, 68913, 68920, 5925, 5928, 5930, 5927, 5924, 5937, 5923, 5934,
+    5931, 5929, 5933, 5936, 5926, 5935, 5932, 5920, 5921, 5922, 5940, 5938,
+    5939, 128587, 128436, 129673, 128035, 67808, 67823, 67814, 67816, 67829,
     67819, 67826, 67811, 67810, 67822, 67825, 67828, 67817, 67812, 67815,
     67818, 67809, 67821, 67813, 67824, 67820, 67835, 67839, 67838, 67837,
-    67836, 128891, 128436, 11233, 129702, 9980, 127911, 127892, 128157,
-    128152, 128159, 129782, 128585, 129180, 129183, 129182, 129181, 128628,
-    10033, 10008, 10149, 10150, 10084, 10167, 10169, 10168, 10054, 10004,
-    11096, 9955, 11095, 11097, 10152, 10144, 10135, 129055, 129051, 10077,
-    10078, 128178, 128977, 10040, 128975, 10059, 128958, 10071, 10082,
-    129008, 10020, 128970, 128946, 129943, 10083, 11093, 128327, 10096,
-    10094, 129052, 129048, 10080, 10079, 10157, 128627, 10006, 10134, 10012,
-    11094, 10030, 10097, 10095, 10137, 129054, 129050, 10140, 128635, 128940,
-    10075, 10076, 128972, 128952, 128607, 128615, 10136, 128605, 128613,
-    128625, 10056, 128606, 128614, 10138, 128604, 128612, 10051, 10045,
-    10171, 10142, 128980, 128979, 129053, 129049, 10158, 9947, 128903,
-    128913, 10132, 10173, 128633, 10133, 10074, 10010, 1442, 1453, 1447,
-    1436, 1437, 1438, 1445, 1446, 1443, 1444, 1433, 1441, 1425, 1439, 1448,
-    1426, 1427, 1449, 1440, 1435, 1430, 1450, 1434, 1428, 1429, 1432, 1454,
-    1431, 1451, 1452, 1488, 64304, 64302, 64303, 64288, 64297, 1506, 1489,
-    64332, 64305, 1499, 64333, 64315, 1508, 64334, 64324, 1498, 64314, 1507,
-    64323, 1509, 1503, 1501, 1511, 64327, 1492, 64308, 1495, 1504, 64320,
-    1494, 64310, 1505, 64321, 1513, 64329, 64300, 64301, 64298, 64299, 1512,
-    64328, 1496, 64312, 1514, 64330, 1510, 64326, 1491, 64307, 1490, 64306,
-    1500, 64316, 1502, 64318, 1493, 64331, 64309, 64293, 64289, 64296, 64295,
-    64290, 64292, 64291, 64294, 1497, 64285, 64313, 64335, 1520, 1522, 64287,
-    1521, 1477, 1476, 1455, 1468, 1458, 1459, 1457, 1460, 1465, 1466, 1463,
-    64286, 1464, 1479, 1467, 1471, 1462, 1473, 1456, 1474, 1461, 1469, 1524,
-    1523, 1472, 1475, 1478, 1470, 1519, 9937, 9096, 11263, 128641, 110597,
-    110594, 110595, 110596, 110778, 110779, 110780, 110781, 110782, 110783,
-    110784, 110785, 110750, 110759, 110760, 110751, 110752, 110753, 110754,
-    110755, 110756, 110757, 110758, 110768, 110769, 110770, 110771, 110772,
-    110773, 110774, 110775, 110776, 110777, 110761, 110762, 110763, 110764,
-    110765, 110766, 110767, 110615, 110624, 110625, 110626, 110616, 110617,
-    110618, 110619, 110620, 110621, 110622, 110623, 110651, 110648, 110649,
-    110650, 110627, 110628, 110629, 110630, 110631, 110632, 110633, 110634,
-    110642, 110643, 110644, 110645, 110646, 110647, 110635, 110636, 110637,
-    110638, 110639, 110640, 110641, 110806, 110804, 110805, 110807, 110808,
-    110809, 110810, 110811, 110812, 110786, 110787, 110788, 110789, 110790,
-    110791, 110792, 110793, 110794, 110795, 110796, 110797, 110798, 110799,
-    110800, 110801, 110802, 110803, 110744, 110738, 110739, 110740, 110741,
-    110742, 110743, 110734, 110727, 110728, 110729, 110730, 110731, 110732,
-    110733, 110718, 110719, 110720, 110721, 110722, 110723, 110724, 110725,
-    110726, 110745, 110746, 110747, 110748, 110749, 110735, 110736, 110737,
-    110877, 110878, 110850, 110851, 110852, 110853, 110854, 110855, 110840,
-    110841, 110842, 110843, 110844, 110845, 110833, 110834, 110835, 110836,
-    110837, 110838, 110839, 110829, 110830, 110831, 110832, 110846, 110847,
-    110848, 110849, 110652, 110653, 110654, 110655, 110656, 110657, 110658,
-    110659, 110666, 110667, 110668, 110669, 110670, 110671, 110672, 110673,
-    110660, 110661, 110662, 110663, 110664, 110665, 110674, 110675, 110676,
-    110677, 110678, 110679, 110680, 110681, 110682, 110683, 110684, 110685,
-    110702, 110703, 110704, 110705, 110706, 110707, 110708, 110709, 110710,
-    110717, 110711, 110712, 110713, 110714, 110715, 110716, 110701, 110697,
-    110698, 110699, 110700, 110690, 110691, 110692, 110693, 110694, 110695,
-    110696, 110686, 110687, 110688, 110689, 110856, 110857, 110858, 110859,
-    110860, 110861, 110862, 110863, 110864, 110865, 110870, 110871, 110872,
-    110873, 110874, 110875, 110876, 110866, 110867, 110868, 110869, 110818,
-    110813, 110814, 110815, 110816, 110817, 110823, 110824, 110825, 110826,
-    110827, 110828, 110819, 110820, 110821, 110822, 983271, 110607, 110608,
-    110609, 110610, 110611, 110602, 110603, 110604, 110605, 110606, 110612,
-    110613, 110614, 110598, 110599, 110600, 110601, 8889, 127807, 19922,
-    19966, 19958, 19967, 19924, 19946, 19923, 19909, 19947, 19944, 19943,
-    19956, 19906, 19962, 19935, 19939, 19920, 19916, 19948, 19917, 19937,
-    19931, 19929, 19925, 19911, 19964, 19928, 19945, 19934, 19918, 19930,
-    19942, 19950, 19941, 19949, 19938, 19914, 19927, 19936, 19952, 19965,
-    19912, 19915, 19926, 19954, 19910, 19932, 19953, 19904, 19933, 19940,
-    19905, 19951, 19959, 19957, 19960, 19955, 19961, 19913, 19908, 19921,
-    19963, 19907, 19919, 129428, 128262, 9889, 983123, 128644, 128645,
-    128096, 12447, 12354, 110879, 110593, 12430, 110929, 110928, 110930,
-    12419, 12423, 12421, 12437, 12438, 110898, 12387, 12353, 12359, 12355,
-    12361, 12357, 12373, 12379, 12375, 12381, 12377, 12403, 983997, 984000,
-    983998, 984001, 983999, 12400, 12409, 12412, 12406, 12435, 12394, 12397,
-    12395, 12398, 12396, 12384, 12391, 12386, 12393, 12389, 12364, 12370,
-    12366, 12372, 12368, 12399, 12408, 12402, 12411, 12405, 12363, 12369,
-    12365, 12371, 12367, 12414, 12417, 12415, 12418, 12416, 12401, 12410,
-    12404, 12413, 12407, 12425, 12428, 12426, 12429, 12427, 12383, 12390,
-    12385, 12392, 12388, 12374, 12380, 12376, 12382, 12378, 12431, 12433,
-    12432, 12434, 12420, 12424, 12422, 12436, 12360, 12356, 12362, 12358,
-    12446, 12445, 9964, 128725, 129406, 127802, 129435, 128616, 128617,
-    128371, 128029, 127855, 11203, 11043, 8213, 9135, 129921, 129910, 129911,
-    129912, 129913, 129914, 129915, 9146, 9147, 9148, 9149, 983059, 983141,
-    983138, 11134, 128677, 8230, 9897, 128014, 127943, 128052, 127798, 9749,
-    9832, 127789, 127976, 8987, 9203, 8962, 127969, 127968, 127960, 127973,
-    128298, 8763, 129693, 983124, 983060, 983142, 983139, 128559, 128175,
-    129303, 128726, 8208, 11802, 8259, 8231, 45, 11794, 9102, 11226, 129723,
-    8372, 127848, 129482, 127954, 9976, 8801, 10725, 10855, 129706, 12696,
-    12700, 12693, 12697, 12695, 12703, 12692, 12699, 12691, 12694, 12688,
-    12698, 12690, 12689, 12701, 12702, 12294, 12289, 12275, 12273, 12274,
-    12272, 12283, 12282, 12285, 12279, 12280, 12281, 12278, 12277, 12284,
-    12783, 12287, 12276, 12286, 12332, 12295, 119670, 119669, 119668, 119667,
-    119666, 12999, 12995, 13309, 13310, 13292, 13282, 13299, 13304, 13303,
-    13306, 13305, 13302, 13301, 13308, 13300, 13307, 13291, 13281, 13289,
-    13287, 13297, 13290, 13294, 13284, 13283, 13293, 13288, 13298, 13286,
-    13296, 13285, 13295, 13280, 13003, 13164, 13168, 13167, 13166, 13165,
-    13156, 13146, 13157, 13147, 13154, 13152, 13162, 13155, 13159, 13149,
-    13148, 13158, 13153, 13163, 13151, 13161, 13150, 13160, 13144, 13145,
-    12992, 12997, 12998, 12993, 12994, 12996, 13002, 13000, 13001, 12343,
-    12351, 12333, 12331, 12330, 12350, 12290, 12293, 12288, 8887, 8787,
-    128127, 67676, 67673, 67675, 67679, 67674, 67672, 67677, 67678, 67656,
-    67669, 67651, 67659, 67666, 67667, 67648, 67663, 67650, 67654, 67662,
-    67665, 67668, 67657, 67652, 67655, 67658, 67649, 67661, 67653, 67664,
-    67660, 67671, 128232, 10716, 128474, 10721, 8710, 983130, 983129, 129781,
+    67836, 128891, 11233, 129702, 9980, 127911, 127892, 128157, 128152,
+    128159, 129782, 128585, 129180, 129183, 129182, 129181, 128628, 10033,
+    10008, 10149, 10150, 10084, 10167, 10169, 10168, 10054, 10004, 11096,
+    9955, 11095, 11097, 10152, 10144, 10135, 129055, 129051, 10077, 10078,
+    128178, 128977, 10040, 128975, 10059, 128958, 10071, 10082, 129008,
+    10020, 128970, 128946, 129943, 10083, 11093, 128327, 10096, 10094,
+    129052, 129048, 10080, 10079, 10157, 128627, 10006, 10134, 10012, 11094,
+    10030, 10097, 10095, 10137, 129054, 129050, 10140, 128635, 128940, 10075,
+    10076, 128972, 128952, 128607, 128615, 10136, 128605, 128613, 128625,
+    10056, 128606, 128614, 10138, 128604, 128612, 10051, 10045, 10171, 10142,
+    128980, 128979, 129053, 129049, 10158, 128913, 118277, 9947, 128903,
+    10132, 10173, 128633, 10133, 10074, 10010, 1442, 1453, 1447, 1436, 1437,
+    1438, 1445, 1446, 1443, 1444, 1433, 1441, 1425, 1439, 1448, 1426, 1427,
+    1449, 1440, 1435, 1430, 1450, 1434, 1428, 1429, 1432, 1454, 1431, 1451,
+    1452, 1488, 64304, 64302, 64303, 64288, 64297, 1506, 1489, 64332, 64305,
+    1499, 64333, 64315, 1508, 64334, 64324, 1498, 64314, 1507, 64323, 1509,
+    1503, 1501, 1511, 64327, 1492, 64308, 1495, 1504, 64320, 1494, 64310,
+    1505, 64321, 1513, 64329, 64300, 64301, 64298, 64299, 1512, 64328, 1496,
+    64312, 1514, 64330, 1510, 64326, 1491, 64307, 1490, 64306, 1500, 64316,
+    1502, 64318, 1493, 64331, 64309, 64293, 64289, 64296, 64295, 64290,
+    64292, 64291, 64294, 1497, 64285, 64313, 64335, 1520, 1522, 64287, 1521,
+    1477, 1476, 1455, 1468, 1458, 1459, 1457, 1460, 1465, 1466, 1463, 1464,
+    1479, 1467, 1471, 1462, 1473, 1456, 1474, 1461, 64286, 1469, 1524, 1523,
+    1472, 1475, 1478, 1470, 1519, 9937, 9096, 11263, 128641, 110597, 110594,
+    110595, 110596, 110778, 110779, 110780, 110781, 110782, 110783, 110784,
+    110785, 110750, 110759, 110760, 110751, 110752, 110753, 110754, 110755,
+    110756, 110757, 110758, 110768, 110769, 110770, 110771, 110772, 110773,
+    110774, 110775, 110776, 110777, 110761, 110762, 110763, 110764, 110765,
+    110766, 110767, 110615, 110624, 110625, 110626, 110616, 110617, 110618,
+    110619, 110620, 110621, 110622, 110623, 110651, 110648, 110649, 110650,
+    110627, 110628, 110629, 110630, 110631, 110632, 110633, 110634, 110642,
+    110643, 110644, 110645, 110646, 110647, 110635, 110636, 110637, 110638,
+    110639, 110640, 110641, 110806, 110804, 110805, 110807, 110808, 110809,
+    110810, 110811, 110812, 110786, 110787, 110788, 110789, 110790, 110791,
+    110792, 110793, 110794, 110795, 110796, 110797, 110798, 110799, 110800,
+    110801, 110802, 110803, 110744, 110738, 110739, 110740, 110741, 110742,
+    110743, 110734, 110727, 110728, 110729, 110730, 110731, 110732, 110733,
+    110718, 110719, 110720, 110721, 110722, 110723, 110724, 110725, 110726,
+    110745, 110746, 110747, 110748, 110749, 110735, 110736, 110737, 110877,
+    110878, 110850, 110851, 110852, 110853, 110854, 110855, 110840, 110841,
+    110842, 110843, 110844, 110845, 110833, 110834, 110835, 110836, 110837,
+    110838, 110839, 110829, 110830, 110831, 110832, 110846, 110847, 110848,
+    110849, 110652, 110653, 110654, 110655, 110656, 110657, 110658, 110659,
+    110666, 110667, 110668, 110669, 110670, 110671, 110672, 110673, 110660,
+    110661, 110662, 110663, 110664, 110665, 110674, 110675, 110676, 110677,
+    110678, 110679, 110680, 110681, 110682, 110683, 110684, 110685, 110702,
+    110703, 110704, 110705, 110706, 110707, 110708, 110709, 110710, 110717,
+    110711, 110712, 110713, 110714, 110715, 110716, 110701, 110697, 110698,
+    110699, 110700, 110690, 110691, 110692, 110693, 110694, 110695, 110696,
+    110686, 110687, 110688, 110689, 110856, 110857, 110858, 110859, 110860,
+    110861, 110862, 110863, 110864, 110865, 110870, 110871, 110872, 110873,
+    110874, 110875, 110876, 110866, 110867, 110868, 110869, 110818, 110813,
+    110814, 110815, 110816, 110817, 110823, 110824, 110825, 110826, 110827,
+    110828, 110819, 110820, 110821, 110822, 983273, 110607, 110608, 110609,
+    110610, 110611, 110602, 110603, 110604, 110605, 110606, 110612, 110613,
+    110614, 110598, 110599, 110600, 110601, 8889, 127807, 19922, 19966,
+    19958, 19967, 19924, 19946, 19923, 19909, 19947, 19944, 19943, 19956,
+    19906, 19962, 19935, 19939, 19920, 19916, 19948, 19917, 19937, 19931,
+    19929, 19925, 19911, 19928, 19964, 19945, 19934, 19918, 19930, 19942,
+    19950, 19941, 19949, 19938, 19914, 19927, 19936, 19952, 19965, 19912,
+    19915, 19926, 19954, 19910, 19932, 19953, 19904, 19933, 19940, 19905,
+    19951, 19959, 19957, 19960, 19955, 19961, 19913, 19908, 19921, 19963,
+    19907, 19919, 129428, 128262, 9889, 983123, 128644, 128645, 128096,
+    12447, 12354, 110879, 110593, 12430, 110929, 110928, 110930, 12419,
+    12423, 12421, 12437, 12438, 110898, 12387, 12353, 12359, 12355, 12361,
+    12357, 12373, 12379, 12375, 12381, 12377, 12403, 983997, 984000, 983998,
+    984001, 983999, 12400, 12409, 12412, 12406, 12435, 12394, 12397, 12395,
+    12398, 12396, 12384, 12391, 12386, 12393, 12389, 12364, 12370, 12366,
+    12372, 12368, 12399, 12408, 12402, 12411, 12405, 12363, 12369, 12365,
+    12371, 12367, 12414, 12417, 12415, 12418, 12416, 12401, 12410, 12404,
+    12413, 12407, 12425, 12428, 12426, 12429, 12427, 12383, 12390, 12385,
+    12392, 12388, 12374, 12380, 12376, 12382, 12378, 12431, 12433, 12432,
+    12434, 12420, 12424, 12422, 12436, 12360, 12356, 12362, 12358, 12446,
+    12445, 9964, 128725, 129406, 127802, 129435, 128616, 128617, 128371,
+    128029, 127855, 11203, 11043, 8213, 118290, 118287, 117905, 9135, 117893,
+    129921, 129910, 129911, 129912, 129913, 129914, 129915, 9146, 9147, 9148,
+    9149, 983059, 983141, 983138, 11134, 128677, 117779, 8230, 9897, 117915,
+    117769, 118448, 128014, 127943, 128052, 127798, 9749, 9832, 127789,
+    127976, 8987, 9203, 8962, 127969, 127968, 127960, 127973, 128298, 8763,
+    129693, 983124, 983060, 983142, 983139, 128559, 128175, 129303, 128726,
+    8208, 11802, 8259, 8231, 45, 11794, 9102, 11226, 129723, 8372, 127848,
+    129482, 127954, 9976, 8801, 10725, 10855, 129706, 12696, 12700, 12693,
+    12697, 12695, 12703, 12692, 12699, 12691, 12694, 12688, 12698, 12690,
+    12689, 12701, 12702, 12294, 12289, 12275, 12273, 12274, 12272, 12283,
+    12282, 12285, 12279, 12280, 12281, 12278, 12277, 12284, 12783, 12287,
+    12276, 12286, 12332, 12295, 119670, 119669, 119668, 119667, 119666,
+    12999, 12995, 13309, 13310, 13292, 13282, 13299, 13304, 13303, 13306,
+    13305, 13302, 13301, 13308, 13300, 13307, 13291, 13281, 13289, 13287,
+    13297, 13290, 13294, 13284, 13283, 13293, 13288, 13298, 13286, 13296,
+    13285, 13295, 13280, 13003, 13164, 13168, 13167, 13166, 13165, 13156,
+    13146, 13157, 13147, 13154, 13152, 13162, 13155, 13159, 13149, 13148,
+    13158, 13153, 13163, 13151, 13161, 13150, 13160, 13144, 13145, 12992,
+    12997, 12998, 12993, 12994, 12996, 13002, 13000, 13001, 12343, 12351,
+    12333, 12331, 12330, 12350, 12290, 12293, 12288, 8887, 8787, 128127,
+    67676, 67673, 67675, 67679, 67674, 67672, 67677, 67678, 67656, 67669,
+    67651, 67659, 67666, 67667, 67648, 67663, 67650, 67654, 67662, 67665,
+    67668, 67657, 67652, 67655, 67658, 67649, 67661, 67653, 67664, 67660,
+    67671, 128232, 10716, 128474, 10721, 8710, 983130, 983129, 129781,
     126132, 126112, 126126, 126125, 126127, 126131, 126130, 126129, 126113,
     126114, 126110, 126111, 126072, 126081, 126108, 126090, 126099, 126078,
     126105, 126069, 126087, 126096, 126077, 126104, 126068, 126086, 126095,
@@ -10521,235 +11261,248 @@ static const unsigned int dawg_pos_to_codepoint[] = {
     68428, 68445, 68441, 68442, 68444, 68440, 68446, 68447, 68443, 9088,
     8747, 10767, 10773, 10776, 10780, 10778, 10775, 10777, 10779, 10766,
     9134, 65529, 65531, 65530, 9892, 8745, 10825, 10823, 10820, 10819, 10816,
-    10827, 8253, 8890, 10812, 129942, 129969, 129972, 9689, 129936, 9688,
-    11800, 11845, 11846, 8766, 9959, 161, 8487, 8276, 191, 8290, 8292, 8291,
-    128229, 127982, 129311, 127875, 127983, 127971, 12292, 9979, 127886,
-    128122, 128121, 128304, 43453, 43454, 43455, 43457, 43421, 43422, 43426,
-    43427, 43398, 43397, 43399, 43407, 43408, 43409, 43412, 43402, 43403,
-    43418, 43416, 43428, 43423, 43431, 43432, 43413, 43414, 43410, 43411,
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+    446, 426, 674, 451, 122634, 7431, 7430, 7459, 618, 641, 671, 122628,
+    7436, 7439, 7440, 630, 7445, 640, 7438, 7449, 43846, 42870, 7451, 11387,
     122626, 122640, 43002, 7450, 665, 7427, 610, 667, 7424, 7425, 7428, 7429,
     42800, 668, 7434, 7435, 7437, 628, 7448, 42927, 42801, 7452, 7456, 7457,
-    655, 7458, 663, 122639, 42895, 447, 443, 448, 449, 660, 673, 661, 7460,
+    655, 7458, 663, 122639, 42895, 443, 447, 448, 449, 660, 673, 661, 7460,
     422, 7547, 7550, 97, 259, 7859, 7857, 7855, 7863, 7861, 551, 481, 7841,
     513, 228, 479, 229, 507, 7681, 7834, 7567, 257, 983565, 226, 7849, 7847,
     7845, 7853, 7851, 462, 7843, 261, 983591, 983593, 224, 225, 515, 227,
@@ -10776,400 +11529,411 @@ static const unsigned int dawg_pos_to_codepoint[] = {
     669, 496, 983609, 585, 107, 311, 489, 42819, 11370, 7731, 42817, 42821,
     7729, 7733, 7556, 42915, 409, 312, 108, 620, 122643, 410, 316, 7741, 564,
     318, 7735, 7737, 43832, 11361, 619, 43833, 320, 122662, 42825, 314, 7739,
-    43831, 621, 42894, 122641, 7557, 983611, 322, 411, 622, 122629, 43829,
-    383, 7836, 7835, 7837, 682, 683, 42866, 457, 109, 7743, 43834, 7535,
-    7558, 7747, 7745, 983613, 625, 7931, 7933, 42967, 42867, 110, 326, 7755,
-    43835, 565, 328, 414, 7753, 626, 122663, 7536, 505, 324, 42897, 7751,
-    7749, 7559, 627, 42917, 241, 329, 983589, 42868, 460, 111, 244, 7893,
-    7891, 7889, 7897, 7895, 466, 246, 555, 559, 561, 7885, 525, 337, 42827,
-    11386, 42829, 333, 7761, 7763, 491, 493, 248, 511, 245, 7759, 7757, 557,
-    983577, 983579, 983581, 417, 7903, 7901, 7899, 7907, 7905, 7887, 242,
-    243, 527, 335, 122651, 42945, 596, 983625, 983626, 7575, 43839, 43874,
-    603, 7571, 42935, 419, 42831, 547, 112, 42835, 7549, 42833, 42837, 7765,
-    7537, 7560, 421, 7767, 632, 113, 42841, 672, 587, 42839, 569, 114, 343,
-    43849, 345, 7771, 7773, 7769, 529, 638, 7539, 122646, 7775, 636, 637,
-    983615, 122664, 7538, 341, 531, 7561, 42919, 589, 43847, 42843, 42998,
-    604, 7572, 605, 639, 122625, 600, 122631, 8580, 42815, 122627, 42869,
-    42845, 612, 115, 347, 7781, 353, 7783, 351, 537, 349, 122654, 7779, 7785,
-    7777, 42954, 575, 983583, 122665, 7540, 7562, 42921, 642, 42892, 43872,
-    601, 983629, 983630, 7573, 602, 43851, 43852, 609, 43830, 223, 7441,
-    7442, 7443, 7455, 7454, 7453, 42969, 645, 43845, 116, 355, 7793, 539,
-    566, 357, 11366, 7831, 7789, 7787, 122666, 7541, 7791, 427, 429, 122633,
-    648, 359, 679, 122647, 122652, 7546, 254, 42853, 42855, 389, 424, 445,
-    7446, 42795, 397, 613, 686, 687, 7433, 42879, 7444, 43842, 43841, 43843,
-    43844, 7432, 633, 43880, 122645, 634, 122632, 11385, 635, 647, 122637,
-    652, 983627, 983628, 592, 594, 7426, 623, 624, 654, 122630, 43857, 477,
-    7543, 670, 42881, 653, 42871, 680, 678, 43879, 11383, 42793, 117, 649,
-    43855, 251, 7799, 468, 252, 474, 476, 472, 470, 7795, 533, 369, 7909,
-    432, 7917, 7915, 7913, 7921, 7919, 7911, 363, 7803, 983569, 983621,
-    983623, 371, 983617, 983619, 7577, 367, 361, 7801, 7797, 249, 43854,
-    42937, 250, 535, 365, 43858, 650, 7551, 7531, 43856, 42872, 43875, 118,
-    42847, 7807, 7564, 11380, 11377, 7805, 651, 42851, 42907, 42909, 42911,
-    42857, 42849, 119, 373, 7813, 7817, 7815, 7809, 7811, 7832, 11379, 120,
-    7821, 7819, 43863, 43864, 43865, 43862, 7565, 121, 375, 255, 7925, 7823,
-    7923, 436, 7927, 7935, 43866, 591, 253, 563, 7929, 7833, 541, 122, 378,
-    7825, 657, 382, 11372, 7827, 380, 7829, 576, 438, 7542, 7566, 656, 549,
-    64256, 64259, 64260, 64257, 64258, 307, 64261, 64262, 339, 8347, 8340,
-    8336, 8337, 8341, 7522, 11388, 8342, 8343, 8344, 8345, 8338, 8346, 7523,
-    8348, 7524, 7525, 8339, 917505, 127811, 129388, 129897, 129916, 129899,
-    129917, 129947, 10203, 10202, 128494, 12296, 10641, 10643, 11058, 11056,
-    10576, 10571, 10570, 10574, 12304, 10647, 123, 9128, 9129, 9127, 12300,
-    8968, 9948, 10714, 12298, 8220, 11816, 11780, 129287, 129284, 129285,
-    129283, 129286, 9686, 11240, 9612, 129977, 129970, 129940, 129932,
-    128379, 128709, 11804, 10204, 10197, 9614, 9615, 8596, 8700, 8697, 8622,
-    10568, 8660, 10500, 8654, 8621, 11012, 8703, 11020, 129112, 11108, 11788,
-    10181, 8907, 9609, 8216, 11814, 128488, 91, 9123, 9121, 10639, 10637,
-    8261, 10635, 11863, 11861, 9122, 11778, 10703, 129900, 11785, 129985,
-    128492, 9613, 9610, 12308, 8867, 12302, 10627, 12310, 10629, 12314,
-    12312, 10712, 128398, 9611, 10620, 8970, 8905, 40, 9117, 9115, 9116,
-    11808, 9144, 10553, 10154, 1422, 4054, 4056, 129307, 9958, 10748, 9001,
-    171, 128269, 8294, 8237, 8234, 8206, 8592, 10563, 11074, 11083, 11082,
-    10611, 129973, 10618, 10615, 11070, 8676, 8633, 10525, 11064, 8698,
-    129032, 8619, 10566, 129040, 129024, 8602, 11024, 11025, 8610, 11066,
-    11065, 129028, 129176, 129044, 8617, 8695, 8612, 10527, 8646, 10521,
-    129192, 129184, 11144, 11013, 10603, 10599, 10590, 10582, 8637, 10594,
-    10602, 10598, 10586, 10578, 8636, 8651, 129778, 129088, 129092, 11104,
-    11136, 11130, 983241, 11174, 11172, 129064, 129060, 129056, 129072,
-    129068, 11120, 11114, 11140, 129168, 10510, 8666, 129186, 11067, 11069,
-    11068, 11244, 11061, 11060, 11062, 11063, 8606, 8678, 129172, 8604, 8656,
-    10498, 8653, 10502, 10523, 10508, 8672, 129194, 129076, 129188, 8701,
-    8647, 129783, 129190, 128620, 8668, 129080, 129104, 129084, 11077, 9804,
-    128006, 7213, 7221, 7216, 7220, 7215, 7214, 7217, 7218, 7219, 7170, 7169,
-    7168, 7184, 7183, 7182, 7247, 7193, 7180, 7188, 7187, 7186, 7185, 7172,
-    7171, 7198, 7197, 7190, 7189, 7173, 7177, 7181, 7192, 7191, 7246, 7245,
-    7179, 7178, 7175, 7174, 7201, 7200, 7176, 7196, 7195, 7199, 7202, 7194,
-    7203, 7227, 7231, 7230, 7228, 7229, 7223, 7222, 7205, 7204, 7210, 7211,
-    7208, 7209, 7206, 7212, 7207, 7237, 7236, 7239, 7238, 7235, 7234, 7232,
-    7241, 7233, 7240, 10897, 10895, 10893, 10899, 10891, 10614, 10889, 10887,
-    8922, 8934, 8808, 10918, 10920, 10885, 10877, 10881, 10883, 10879, 8818,
-    8804, 8822, 8806, 10873, 10875, 8918, 60, 128210, 127898, 127819, 129461,
-    128626, 128955, 128969, 128943, 11212, 128964, 10099, 128648, 10098,
-    9617, 128937, 128949, 128978, 128960, 129653, 128910, 10072, 128930,
-    128504, 9735, 128498, 128497, 6429, 6404, 6403, 6412, 6430, 6411, 6421,
-    6410, 6405, 6415, 6425, 6426, 6427, 6419, 6418, 6407, 6406, 6414, 6413,
-    6409, 6408, 6402, 6401, 6417, 6416, 6428, 6423, 6420, 6422, 6424, 6458,
-    6457, 6459, 6464, 6449, 6452, 6450, 6448, 6456, 6454, 6453, 6455, 6451,
-    6442, 6443, 6441, 6432, 6436, 6438, 6440, 6437, 6439, 6435, 6433, 6434,
-    6400, 6468, 6469, 6475, 6474, 6477, 6476, 6473, 6472, 6470, 6479, 6471,
-    6478, 13007, 10770, 10771, 10772, 983062, 8232, 983068, 983143, 67143,
-    67146, 67151, 67165, 67166, 67167, 67157, 67158, 67159, 67160, 67161,
-    67162, 67163, 67164, 67171, 67172, 67173, 67168, 67169, 67170, 67174,
-    67175, 67176, 67177, 67178, 67179, 67230, 67231, 67180, 67181, 67182,
-    67183, 67184, 67185, 67186, 67187, 67188, 67189, 67190, 67191, 67192,
-    67193, 67194, 67195, 67196, 67197, 67198, 67199, 67200, 67201, 67202,
-    67203, 67204, 67205, 67206, 67207, 67208, 67209, 67210, 67211, 67212,
-    67213, 67214, 67215, 67216, 67217, 67218, 67219, 67220, 67221, 67222,
-    67223, 67224, 67225, 67226, 67227, 67228, 67229, 67232, 67233, 67234,
-    67235, 67236, 67237, 67238, 67239, 67240, 67241, 67242, 67243, 67244,
-    67245, 67246, 67247, 67248, 67249, 67250, 67251, 67252, 67253, 67254,
-    67255, 67256, 67257, 67258, 67259, 67260, 67261, 67262, 67263, 67264,
-    67274, 67275, 67276, 67277, 67278, 67279, 67280, 67281, 67282, 67283,
-    67284, 67285, 67286, 67287, 67288, 67289, 67290, 67291, 67292, 67293,
-    67294, 67295, 67296, 67297, 67298, 67299, 67300, 67301, 67302, 67303,
-    67304, 67265, 67266, 67267, 67268, 67269, 67270, 67271, 67272, 67273,
-    67325, 67326, 67327, 67328, 67329, 67330, 67305, 67306, 67307, 67308,
-    67309, 67310, 67311, 67312, 67313, 67314, 67315, 67316, 67317, 67318,
-    67319, 67320, 67321, 67322, 67323, 67324, 67331, 67332, 67333, 67334,
-    67335, 67336, 67337, 67338, 67349, 67350, 67351, 67352, 67353, 67354,
-    67355, 67356, 67357, 67358, 67359, 67360, 67361, 67362, 67363, 67364,
-    67365, 67366, 67367, 67368, 67378, 67379, 67380, 67381, 67382, 67369,
-    67370, 67371, 67372, 67373, 67374, 67375, 67376, 67377, 67339, 67340,
-    67341, 67342, 67343, 67344, 67345, 67346, 67347, 67348, 67401, 67404,
-    67403, 67402, 67400, 67398, 67393, 67397, 67395, 67394, 67399, 67392,
-    67396, 67406, 67408, 67409, 67410, 67407, 67405, 67411, 67413, 67412,
-    67424, 67425, 67426, 67427, 67428, 67429, 67430, 67431, 67081, 67082,
-    67083, 67084, 67085, 67087, 67088, 67089, 67090, 67091, 67092, 67093,
-    67094, 67086, 67095, 67096, 67097, 67098, 67100, 67101, 67102, 67103,
-    67104, 67105, 67106, 67107, 67108, 67109, 67110, 67111, 67112, 67113,
-    67114, 67115, 67116, 67117, 67118, 67119, 67120, 67121, 67122, 67123,
-    67124, 67125, 67126, 67127, 67128, 67129, 67130, 67131, 67132, 67133,
-    67134, 67135, 67136, 67137, 67138, 67139, 67140, 67141, 67142, 67072,
-    67073, 67074, 67075, 67076, 67077, 67078, 67079, 67080, 67145, 67147,
-    67148, 67149, 67150, 67154, 67155, 67144, 67152, 67153, 67156, 67099,
-    65667, 65668, 65669, 65670, 65671, 65672, 65673, 65675, 65674, 65677,
-    65676, 65665, 65664, 65666, 65681, 65679, 65680, 65682, 65678, 65686,
-    65685, 65687, 65693, 65690, 65691, 65692, 65694, 65703, 65696, 65695,
-    65697, 65698, 65699, 65701, 65702, 65707, 65706, 65704, 65705, 65708,
-    65709, 65710, 65711, 65712, 65713, 65719, 65717, 65714, 65715, 65716,
-    65718, 65720, 65721, 65722, 65723, 65724, 65725, 65726, 65727, 65728,
-    65729, 65731, 65730, 65732, 65733, 65737, 65734, 65735, 65736, 65738,
-    65739, 65740, 65741, 65743, 65742, 65744, 65745, 65747, 65748, 65752,
-    65749, 65750, 65751, 65753, 65754, 65755, 65756, 65757, 65779, 65780,
-    65781, 65782, 65783, 65784, 65785, 65759, 65760, 65761, 65762, 65763,
-    65764, 65765, 65766, 65767, 65768, 65769, 65770, 65771, 65772, 65773,
-    65774, 65775, 65776, 65777, 65778, 65758, 65786, 65683, 65684, 65689,
-    65688, 65700, 65746, 65561, 65543, 65587, 65582, 65589, 65536, 65541,
-    65579, 65566, 65571, 65596, 65569, 65584, 65544, 65559, 65540, 65557,
-    65560, 65580, 65606, 65600, 65599, 65577, 65562, 65538, 65573, 65563,
-    65609, 65588, 65549, 65568, 65537, 65581, 65574, 65601, 65542, 65593,
-    65583, 65594, 65552, 65547, 65605, 65578, 65545, 65585, 65586, 65546,
-    65570, 65591, 65564, 65565, 65607, 65610, 65611, 65553, 65590, 65550,
-    65539, 65576, 65608, 65551, 65554, 65592, 65603, 65597, 65567, 65572,
-    65558, 65555, 65612, 65602, 65556, 65613, 65604, 65620, 65621, 65623,
-    65624, 65626, 65627, 65628, 65629, 65622, 65616, 65617, 65619, 65618,
-    65625, 128391, 128279, 128482, 128132, 42237, 42235, 42232, 42234, 42236,
-    42233, 42206, 42205, 42197, 42196, 42204, 42195, 42228, 42229, 42230,
-    42224, 42225, 42213, 42208, 42203, 42202, 42221, 42198, 42216, 42214,
-    42200, 42199, 42194, 42193, 42219, 42210, 73648, 42220, 42211, 42212,
-    42222, 42223, 42227, 42231, 42192, 42217, 42201, 42209, 42207, 42218,
-    42215, 42226, 42238, 42239, 8356, 8374, 129409, 129422, 9806, 128274,
-    983079, 983076, 128271, 8743, 10848, 10846, 10833, 10844, 10842, 10847,
-    8744, 10841, 10851, 10850, 10834, 10845, 10843, 10982, 10188, 129688,
-    10234, 10231, 10206, 10229, 10235, 10232, 10237, 11059, 10230, 10236,
-    10233, 10238, 10239, 10205, 129524, 128884, 129719, 128140, 127977,
-    128261, 129707, 12319, 8270, 11847, 11848, 95, 9691, 129935, 9604, 9697,
-    128394, 129852, 129853, 129870, 129872, 129868, 129856, 129871, 129869,
-    129854, 129873, 129855, 128395, 128396, 128393, 10559, 129951, 9722,
-    128397, 9695, 10558, 128318, 10065, 129950, 9727, 129863, 129865, 129867,
-    129864, 129861, 129866, 129859, 129862, 129860, 129857, 129858, 10195,
-    10063, 9998, 9694, 9987, 9605, 9602, 9601, 9607, 9603, 9606, 129903,
-    9674, 10208, 129438, 128557, 127853, 129523, 128886, 129729, 66190,
-    66192, 66187, 66196, 66178, 66179, 66199, 66185, 66200, 66176, 66201,
-    66177, 66202, 66191, 66193, 66181, 66180, 66203, 66182, 66186, 66189,
-    66195, 66188, 66197, 66198, 66194, 66183, 66204, 66184, 67887, 67892,
-    67881, 67895, 67891, 67886, 67872, 67893, 67876, 67894, 67883, 67896,
-    67873, 67897, 67875, 67889, 67874, 67878, 67880, 67882, 67884, 67890,
-    67885, 67888, 67877, 67879, 67903, 129317, 983226, 983234, 983224,
-    983229, 8468, 129433, 983065, 129668, 129522, 129497, 69986, 69981,
-    69991, 70002, 69997, 69985, 69984, 69990, 69989, 69983, 69982, 69988,
-    69987, 69995, 69994, 69978, 69977, 69976, 69975, 69980, 69979, 69974,
-    69973, 69993, 69992, 70001, 69998, 69996, 70000, 69999, 69968, 69971,
-    69969, 69972, 69970, 70006, 70005, 70003, 70004, 127012, 127019, 127008,
-    126990, 126999, 126976, 127005, 126987, 126996, 127004, 126986, 126995,
-    126979, 127009, 126991, 127000, 127001, 126983, 126992, 127011, 127010,
-    126977, 127007, 126989, 126998, 127006, 126988, 126997, 127015, 127014,
-    127003, 126985, 126994, 127002, 126984, 126993, 126978, 126982, 127017,
-    126981, 126980, 127016, 127018, 127013, 73464, 73442, 73451, 73448,
-    73444, 73449, 73447, 73441, 73450, 73440, 73454, 73445, 73443, 73453,
-    73456, 73446, 73455, 73452, 73457, 73463, 73461, 73459, 73462, 73460,
-    73458, 128892, 3415, 3449, 3435, 3434, 3437, 3436, 3433, 3432, 3430,
-    3439, 3431, 3438, 3419, 3420, 3446, 3417, 3422, 3416, 3447, 3444, 3443,
-    3448, 3418, 3421, 3445, 3333, 3423, 3334, 3344, 3348, 3453, 3454, 3414,
-    3451, 3450, 3452, 3455, 3412, 3413, 3355, 3354, 3406, 3362, 3361, 3367,
-    3366, 3360, 3386, 3359, 3365, 3364, 3332, 3339, 3424, 3340, 3425, 3381,
-    3369, 3363, 3353, 3358, 3368, 3380, 3379, 3378, 3377, 3376, 3337, 3338,
-    3346, 3347, 3335, 3336, 3382, 3383, 3384, 3373, 3372, 3352, 3351, 3357,
-    3356, 3350, 3349, 3371, 3370, 3342, 3343, 3385, 3374, 3375, 3441, 3442,
-    3440, 3328, 3388, 3329, 3387, 3405, 3331, 3389, 3330, 3407, 3390, 3400,
-    3404, 3395, 3396, 3426, 3427, 3393, 3394, 3402, 3403, 3391, 3392, 3398,
-    3399, 9895, 9894, 9893, 9794, 10016, 129443, 128104, 128372, 129333,
-    128114, 128115, 128378, 128107, 2122, 2121, 2133, 2120, 2126, 2132, 2129,
-    2136, 2113, 2115, 2114, 2116, 2123, 2124, 2125, 2128, 2130, 2131, 2118,
-    2134, 2117, 2112, 2127, 2119, 2135, 2139, 2138, 2142, 2137, 68288, 68314,
-    68313, 68290, 68289, 68293, 68308, 68292, 68291, 68300, 68299, 68298,
-    68297, 68306, 68304, 68320, 68318, 68323, 68312, 68317, 68322, 68309,
-    68302, 68324, 68305, 68319, 68307, 68321, 68303, 68294, 68301, 68311,
-    68295, 68316, 68315, 68310, 68331, 68335, 68334, 68333, 68332, 68340,
-    68339, 68338, 68342, 68337, 68341, 68336, 68296, 68326, 68325, 128094,
-    129469, 8380, 128368, 129389, 9967, 127809, 129671, 72835, 72834, 72827,
-    72826, 72836, 72828, 72821, 72825, 72829, 72823, 72822, 72819, 72818,
-    72831, 72830, 72844, 72845, 72838, 72839, 72840, 72832, 72820, 72846,
-    72824, 72843, 72833, 72842, 72837, 72841, 72847, 72886, 72885, 72867,
-    72866, 72859, 72858, 72868, 72860, 72853, 72857, 72861, 72855, 72854,
-    72851, 72850, 72863, 72862, 72876, 72877, 72870, 72871, 72864, 72852,
-    72878, 72856, 72875, 72865, 72874, 72869, 72873, 72879, 72880, 72883,
-    72881, 72884, 72882, 72816, 72817, 9901, 129355, 73007, 72980, 72979,
-    72983, 72982, 72988, 73008, 72987, 72960, 72961, 72968, 72971, 72985,
-    72984, 72990, 72989, 72964, 72965, 72962, 72963, 73005, 72999, 73006,
-    72973, 72972, 72976, 72986, 72981, 72991, 73001, 73002, 73003, 72995,
-    72994, 72978, 72977, 72975, 72974, 72993, 72992, 73004, 72996, 72998,
-    73000, 72997, 72966, 72969, 73031, 73030, 73027, 73028, 73026, 73025,
-    73024, 73014, 73009, 73020, 73023, 73012, 73013, 73010, 73011, 73018,
-    73021, 73029, 73045, 73044, 73047, 73046, 73043, 73042, 73040, 73049,
-    73041, 73048, 186, 127405, 12348, 119811, 120778, 120491, 119827, 120495,
-    120505, 120507, 119808, 120488, 119809, 120489, 119833, 120493, 119812,
-    120492, 120494, 119814, 120490, 119816, 120496, 119818, 120497, 119819,
-    120498, 119822, 120502, 120512, 119823, 120509, 120511, 120503, 119825,
-    120504, 119826, 120506, 119828, 120508, 119810, 120510, 119820, 120499,
-    119821, 120500, 119831, 120501, 119813, 119815, 119817, 119824, 119829,
-    119830, 119832, 119837, 120779, 120517, 119834, 120514, 119835, 120515,
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+    119907, 119908, 119910, 119879, 120553, 120563, 120565, 119860, 120546,
+    119861, 120547, 119885, 120551, 119863, 120549, 119864, 120550, 120552,
+    119866, 120548, 119868, 120554, 119870, 120555, 119871, 120556, 119874,
+    120560, 120570, 119875, 120567, 120569, 120561, 119877, 120562, 119878,
+    120564, 119880, 120566, 119862, 120568, 119872, 120557, 119873, 120558,
+    119883, 120559, 119865, 119867, 119869, 119876, 119881, 119882, 119884,
+    120598, 120600, 120571, 120601, 120597, 120603, 120602, 120599, 120432,
+    120433, 120434, 120435, 120436, 120437, 120438, 120439, 120440, 120441,
+    120442, 120443, 120444, 120445, 120446, 120447, 120448, 120449, 120450,
+    120451, 120452, 120453, 120454, 120455, 120456, 120457, 120458, 120459,
+    120460, 120461, 120462, 120463, 120464, 120465, 120466, 120467, 120468,
+    120469, 120470, 120471, 120472, 120473, 120474, 120475, 120476, 120477,
+    120478, 120479, 120480, 120481, 120482, 120483, 120827, 120826, 120829,
+    120828, 120825, 120824, 120822, 120831, 120823, 120830, 10215, 10221,
+    10219, 10217, 10223, 10187, 10214, 10220, 10218, 10216, 10222, 120399,
+    120727, 120737, 120739, 120380, 120720, 120381, 120721, 120405, 120725,
+    120383, 120723, 120384, 120724, 120726, 120386, 120722, 120388, 120728,
+    120390, 120729, 120391, 120730, 120394, 120734, 120744, 120395, 120741,
+    120743, 120735, 120397, 120736, 120398, 120738, 120400, 120740, 120382,
+    120742, 120392, 120731, 120393, 120732, 120403, 120733, 120385, 120387,
+    120389, 120396, 120401, 120402, 120404, 120772, 120774, 120745, 120775,
+    120771, 120777, 120776, 120406, 120746, 120407, 120747, 120431, 120751,
+    120409, 120749, 120410, 120750, 120752, 120411, 120763, 120412, 120748,
+    120414, 120754, 120416, 120755, 120417, 120756, 120420, 120760, 120770,
+    120421, 120767, 120769, 120761, 120423, 120762, 120424, 120764, 120425,
+    120753, 120765, 120426, 120766, 120408, 120768, 120418, 120757, 120419,
+    120758, 120429, 120759, 120413, 120415, 120422, 120427, 120428, 120430,
+    120773, 120295, 120669, 120679, 120681, 120276, 120662, 120277, 120663,
+    120301, 120667, 120279, 120665, 120280, 120666, 120668, 120282, 120664,
+    120284, 120670, 120286, 120671, 120287, 120672, 120290, 120676, 120686,
+    120291, 120683, 120685, 120677, 120293, 120678, 120294, 120680, 120296,
+    120682, 120278, 120684, 120288, 120673, 120289, 120674, 120299, 120675,
+    120281, 120283, 120285, 120292, 120297, 120298, 120300, 120714, 120716,
+    120687, 120717, 120713, 120719, 120718, 120302, 120688, 120303, 120689,
+    120327, 120693, 120305, 120691, 120306, 120692, 120694, 120307, 120705,
+    120308, 120690, 120310, 120696, 120312, 120697, 120313, 120698, 120316,
+    120702, 120712, 120317, 120709, 120711, 120703, 120319, 120704, 120320,
+    120706, 120321, 120695, 120707, 120322, 120708, 120304, 120710, 120314,
+    120699, 120315, 120700, 120325, 120701, 120309, 120311, 120318, 120323,
+    120324, 120326, 120715, 120817, 120816, 120819, 120818, 120815, 120814,
+    120812, 120821, 120813, 120820, 120328, 120329, 120330, 120331, 120332,
+    120333, 120334, 120335, 120336, 120337, 120338, 120339, 120340, 120341,
+    120342, 120343, 120344, 120345, 120346, 120347, 120348, 120349, 120350,
+    120351, 120352, 120353, 120354, 120355, 120356, 120357, 120358, 120359,
+    120360, 120361, 120362, 120363, 120364, 120365, 120366, 120367, 120368,
+    120369, 120370, 120371, 120372, 120373, 120374, 120375, 120376, 120377,
+    120378, 120379, 120224, 120225, 120226, 120227, 120228, 120229, 120230,
+    120231, 120232, 120233, 120234, 120235, 120236, 120237, 120238, 120239,
+    120240, 120241, 120242, 120243, 120244, 120245, 120246, 120247, 120248,
+    120249, 120250, 120251, 120252, 120253, 120254, 120255, 120256, 120257,
+    120258, 120259, 120260, 120261, 120262, 120263, 120264, 120265, 120266,
+    120267, 120268, 120269, 120270, 120271, 120272, 120273, 120274, 120275,
+    120807, 120806, 120809, 120808, 120805, 120804, 120802, 120811, 120803,
+    120810, 119964, 119966, 119967, 119970, 119973, 119974, 119977, 119978,
+    119979, 119980, 119982, 119983, 119984, 119985, 119986, 119987, 119988,
+    119989, 119990, 119991, 119992, 119993, 119995, 119997, 119998, 119999,
+    120000, 120001, 120002, 120003, 120005, 120006, 120007, 120008, 120009,
+    120010, 120011, 120012, 120013, 120014, 120015, 129481, 119528, 119538,
+    119531, 119535, 119525, 119524, 119534, 119529, 119539, 119527, 119537,
+    119526, 119536, 119533, 119523, 119532, 119522, 119530, 119520, 119521,
+    128470, 175, 8737, 10667, 10666, 10671, 10669, 10670, 10668, 10665,
+    10664, 10651, 10653, 8798, 127830, 129470, 129471, 93773, 93764, 93790,
+    93787, 983270, 93783, 983269, 93782, 93772, 93766, 93791, 93779, 93789,
+    93786, 93776, 93777, 93785, 93775, 93770, 93769, 93771, 93774, 93780,
+    93760, 93767, 93781, 93788, 93761, 93768, 93778, 93762, 93763, 93784,
+    93765, 93847, 93827, 93846, 93826, 93845, 93825, 93844, 93829, 93828,
+    93831, 93830, 93824, 93833, 93832, 93837, 93836, 93834, 93842, 93835,
+    93838, 93839, 93843, 93840, 93841, 93805, 93796, 93822, 93819, 983272,
+    93815, 983271, 93814, 93804, 93798, 93823, 93811, 93821, 93818, 93808,
+    93809, 93817, 93807, 93802, 93801, 93803, 93806, 93812, 93792, 93799,
+    93813, 93820, 93793, 93800, 93810, 93794, 93795, 93816, 93797, 93849,
+    93850, 93848, 11859, 11852, 11860, 128901, 9899, 10090, 10091, 128967,
+    128965, 128944, 10100, 10088, 10092, 10101, 10089, 10093, 8287, 9900,
+    9618, 128971, 128950, 128938, 128963, 128961, 10073, 128974, 128956,
+    9898, 128911, 128931, 43761, 44013, 43762, 43760, 44011, 43994, 43989,
+    43974, 43746, 43993, 43991, 43751, 43750, 43992, 43986, 43987, 43990,
+    43968, 43995, 43976, 43973, 43999, 43977, 44001, 43752, 43747, 43972,
+    43998, 43984, 43969, 43753, 43754, 43975, 44000, 43978, 43749, 43748,
+    43983, 44002, 43970, 43996, 43971, 43997, 43981, 43988, 43979, 43985,
+    43980, 43982, 43744, 43745, 44012, 43763, 43764, 44005, 43757, 43759,
+    43758, 44009, 44003, 44007, 44006, 44004, 43755, 44008, 43756, 44010,
+    43765, 43766, 44021, 44020, 44023, 44022, 44019, 44018, 44016, 44025,
+    44017, 44024, 129760, 127816, 125140, 125137, 125136, 125139, 125141,
+    125138, 125142, 124928, 124929, 124930, 124936, 124937, 124949, 124950,
+    124948, 124938, 124956, 124990, 124992, 124974, 124955, 124964, 124963,
+    124991, 124957, 124962, 124976, 124996, 124997, 124998, 124982, 124983,
+    124984, 125004, 124975, 125003, 125005, 125011, 125018, 125028, 125029,
+    125012, 125019, 125020, 125027, 125013, 125035, 125048, 124942, 124934,
+    125090, 125046, 125078, 125033, 124946, 125037, 125070, 125000, 125095,
+    125121, 124951, 125044, 125041, 125072, 124987, 125066, 125076, 125074,
+    125009, 125107, 125108, 125068, 125124, 124945, 125002, 124931, 125089,
+    125022, 124980, 125099, 124986, 125100, 125080, 125119, 124933, 125021,
+    125015, 125071, 124985, 125117, 125056, 124993, 125039, 125049, 125043,
+    125024, 124932, 125047, 125097, 124959, 125069, 125088, 124999, 125123,
+    124952, 125036, 125026, 125001, 125085, 124960, 125057, 125073, 124966,
+    125098, 125014, 125091, 124989, 125007, 124978, 124940, 125106, 125050,
+    125030, 125092, 124941, 125060, 125077, 125102, 125094, 125053, 125040,
+    125055, 125104, 125103, 124939, 125017, 124961, 125112, 125087, 124970,
+    124971, 124969, 125023, 124979, 125042, 124947, 125086, 125075, 125051,
+    125111, 124968, 124944, 125038, 125096, 125016, 125118, 125109, 124953,
+    125059, 125052, 125006, 124958, 125093, 125115, 125054, 124988, 125008,
+    125084, 125061, 125064, 125120, 125063, 124967, 124977, 124965, 125031,
+    983275, 125081, 125082, 983276, 125010, 125067, 124973, 125032, 124935,
+    125116, 125122, 125101, 124994, 124995, 125113, 125058, 125079, 125114,
+    125065, 125034, 125083, 124954, 125062, 125105, 125110, 125045, 124943,
+    124972, 124981, 125025, 125131, 125130, 125133, 125132, 125129, 125128,
+    125135, 125127, 125134, 128334, 128697, 68028, 68093, 68090, 68089,
+    68086, 68029, 68092, 68091, 68095, 68088, 68087, 68094, 68000, 68016,
+    68020, 68021, 68022, 68009, 68010, 68015, 68017, 68014, 68013, 68018,
+    68006, 68023, 68012, 68008, 68007, 68019, 68011, 68005, 68004, 68001,
+    68002, 68003, 68031, 68030, 68039, 68075, 68057, 68084, 68066, 68036,
+    68054, 68081, 68063, 68045, 68072, 68035, 68053, 68080, 68062, 68044,
+    68071, 68040, 68076, 68058, 68085, 68067, 68038, 68056, 68083, 68065,
+    68047, 68074, 68037, 68055, 68082, 68064, 68046, 68073, 68034, 68052,
+    68079, 68061, 68043, 68070, 68033, 68051, 68078, 68060, 68042, 68069,
+    68041, 68068, 68032, 68050, 68077, 68059, 67974, 67975, 67982, 67983,
+    67978, 67979, 67980, 67981, 67987, 67988, 67989, 67992, 67993, 67994,
+    67995, 67996, 67986, 67985, 67990, 67997, 67984, 67977, 67976, 67991,
+    67973, 67972, 67968, 67969, 67970, 67971, 67998, 67999, 9791, 129500,
+    983173, 9170, 9172, 9177, 9176, 9175, 9173, 9174, 9171, 9169, 128647,
+    128221, 94015, 93989, 93971, 93958, 94019, 94021, 93953, 94023, 93999,
+    93995, 94008, 93981, 93979, 93967, 93963, 93993, 93992, 93983, 93977,
+    93976, 93975, 93974, 93968, 94032, 93988, 93987, 93973, 93972, 93997,
+    93996, 93969, 94106, 94107, 94108, 94109, 94110, 94111, 94002, 94026,
+    94022, 94003, 94004, 94010, 93980, 93978, 94099, 94100, 94101, 94102,
+    94103, 94104, 94105, 93998, 93994, 94007, 94025, 93966, 93962, 94024,
+    93961, 93960, 94000, 94009, 93964, 93965, 94001, 93970, 93984, 93954,
+    94017, 94014, 94016, 94013, 94006, 94012, 94005, 94011, 93986, 93985,
+    93955, 93952, 94020, 93990, 93957, 93956, 93959, 93982, 94018, 93991,
+    94035, 94034, 94033, 94031, 94098, 94096, 94097, 94095, 94036, 94039,
+    94040, 94067, 94068, 94038, 94037, 94073, 94075, 94045, 94071, 94069,
+    94046, 94047, 94085, 94074, 94049, 94050, 94051, 94052, 94053, 94086,
+    94057, 94054, 94084, 94055, 94056, 94041, 94082, 94048, 94081, 94042,
+    94076, 94058, 94059, 94060, 94061, 94063, 94064, 94079, 94087, 94062,
+    94065, 94080, 94066, 94072, 94070, 94044, 94043, 94077, 94078, 94083,
+    983239, 983240, 128300, 127908, 181, 129440, 117772, 129986, 130022,
+    130023, 183, 8943, 129686, 127894, 127756, 8357, 128189, 128469, 128656,
     8722, 10793, 10794, 10796, 10795, 10810, 8770, 8723, 10751, 129694,
     129705, 128241, 128242, 128244, 129339, 8871, 71232, 71229, 71236, 71231,
-    71230, 71216, 71226, 71228, 71221, 71222, 71223, 71224, 71219, 71220,
+    71230, 71216, 71226, 71228, 71219, 71220, 71221, 71222, 71223, 71224,
     71217, 71218, 71225, 71227, 71234, 71233, 71253, 71252, 71255, 71254,
     71251, 71250, 71248, 71257, 71249, 71256, 71168, 71169, 71179, 71181,
     71195, 71194, 71200, 71199, 71193, 71192, 71198, 71197, 71174, 71175,
@@ -11185,7 +11949,7 @@ static const unsigned int dawg_pos_to_codepoint[] = {
     122941, 122959, 122989, 122955, 122950, 122948, 122944, 122951, 122988,
     122953, 122934, 122935, 122936, 122933, 122949, 122931, 122957, 122930,
     122947, 122937, 122928, 122940, 122945, 42653, 7544, 710, 735, 42889,
-    67510, 42776, 42777, 42775, 750, 698, 725, 709, 984011, 42765, 42760,
+    67510, 42776, 42775, 42777, 750, 698, 725, 709, 984011, 42765, 42760,
     42770, 741, 984012, 42769, 42764, 42774, 745, 762, 764, 715, 704, 67507,
     4348, 42766, 42761, 42771, 742, 721, 67511, 42888, 42768, 42763, 751,
     767, 753, 42773, 717, 754, 755, 744, 759, 719, 718, 42783, 752, 716,
@@ -11211,191 +11975,194 @@ static const unsigned int dawg_pos_to_codepoint[] = {
     6287, 6278, 6285, 6284, 6288, 6277, 6291, 6290, 6293, 6294, 6292, 6283,
     6281, 6185, 6196, 6264, 6210, 6190, 6303, 6305, 6307, 6300, 6302, 6304,
     6312, 6298, 6301, 6314, 6308, 6309, 6299, 6306, 6263, 6262, 6260, 6261,
-    6259, 6254, 6248, 6244, 6252, 6245, 6253, 6238, 6239, 6257, 6247, 6256,
+    6259, 6244, 6252, 6245, 6253, 6238, 6239, 6254, 6248, 6257, 6247, 6256,
     6242, 6258, 6255, 6241, 6240, 6249, 6251, 6250, 6243, 6246, 6237, 6193,
-    6192, 6297, 6296, 6218, 6236, 6225, 6234, 6227, 6235, 6211, 6228, 6224,
-    6222, 6232, 6226, 6233, 6214, 6216, 6215, 6217, 6219, 6231, 6223, 6220,
+    6192, 6297, 6296, 6218, 6236, 6225, 6234, 6227, 6235, 6211, 6222, 6232,
+    6228, 6224, 6226, 6233, 6214, 6216, 6215, 6217, 6219, 6231, 6223, 6220,
     6221, 6230, 6229, 6212, 6213, 6204, 6194, 6209, 6207, 6205, 6206, 6203,
     6202, 6208, 6191, 6177, 6183, 6179, 6181, 6180, 6182, 6186, 6195, 6201,
     6189, 6197, 6184, 6187, 6188, 6199, 6200, 6198, 6178, 71273, 71275,
     71274, 6151, 71265, 71270, 71269, 6144, 71268, 71264, 71267, 71276, 6150,
     6158, 6148, 6146, 6152, 6153, 6154, 6145, 9866, 9867, 119552, 9101,
-    128669, 128018, 128053, 127889, 129390, 128496, 129742, 129439, 128332,
-    129334, 128741, 128757, 129468, 128739, 9968, 128670, 128672, 128693,
-    128507, 128001, 129700, 128045, 128068, 128511, 127909, 92748, 92744,
-    92761, 92750, 92739, 92751, 92737, 92754, 92749, 92753, 92743, 92752,
-    92757, 92766, 92736, 92741, 92746, 92764, 92745, 92765, 92755, 92760,
-    92758, 92756, 92763, 92762, 92747, 92738, 92740, 92759, 92742, 92783,
-    92782, 92773, 92772, 92775, 92774, 92771, 92770, 92768, 92777, 92769,
-    92776, 70291, 70292, 70290, 70297, 70296, 70293, 70287, 70298, 70312,
-    70311, 70306, 70285, 70284, 70289, 70288, 70295, 70294, 70303, 70301,
-    70283, 70282, 70280, 70278, 70277, 70276, 70300, 70299, 70310, 70307,
-    70304, 70309, 70308, 70305, 70272, 70275, 70273, 70274, 70313, 127926,
-    215, 10804, 10805, 10807, 10811, 10801, 10800, 10005, 8844, 8845, 8846,
-    8888, 9838, 9837, 9839, 127929, 127896, 119161, 119159, 119155, 119157,
-    119061, 119060, 119224, 119235, 119132, 119058, 119059, 119255, 119253,
-    119130, 119131, 119163, 119169, 119149, 119167, 119168, 119210, 119178,
-    119173, 119211, 119150, 119151, 119152, 119153, 119154, 119175, 119212,
-    119213, 119166, 119164, 119141, 119142, 119176, 119179, 119143, 119144,
-    119145, 119165, 119177, 119170, 119174, 119092, 119052, 119247, 119186,
-    119073, 119109, 119093, 119050, 119220, 119221, 119044, 119049, 119187,
-    119209, 119082, 119041, 119083, 119077, 119078, 119162, 119160, 119208,
-    119156, 119158, 119136, 119102, 119056, 119057, 119146, 119147, 119148,
-    119042, 119066, 119065, 119069, 119185, 119074, 119075, 119076, 119231,
-    119232, 119085, 119084, 119070, 119071, 119072, 119218, 119217, 119189,
-    119188, 119248, 119249, 119172, 119171, 119216, 119134, 119100, 119206,
-    119262, 119270, 119271, 119263, 119268, 119269, 119272, 119264, 119267,
-    119266, 119265, 119274, 119223, 119234, 119233, 119046, 119222, 119184,
-    119227, 119237, 119228, 119122, 119123, 119081, 119098, 119207, 119129,
-    119087, 119086, 119128, 119140, 119106, 119062, 119195, 119204, 119205,
-    119196, 119197, 119198, 119199, 119200, 119201, 119202, 119203, 119094,
-    119095, 119126, 119108, 119215, 119214, 119261, 119252, 119257, 119258,
-    119183, 119090, 119091, 119135, 119101, 119096, 119097, 119053, 119054,
-    119055, 119048, 119043, 119047, 119180, 119254, 119259, 119225, 119236,
-    119226, 119229, 119238, 119230, 119051, 119045, 119089, 119088, 119040,
-    119067, 119068, 119137, 119103, 119139, 119105, 119110, 119111, 119250,
-    119181, 119273, 119243, 119244, 119245, 119246, 119242, 119240, 119239,
-    119241, 119064, 119138, 119104, 119063, 119256, 119260, 119190, 119118,
-    119119, 119120, 119121, 119112, 119113, 119116, 119117, 119114, 119115,
-    119124, 119125, 119191, 119193, 119194, 119127, 119251, 119107, 119133,
-    119099, 119219, 119192, 119182, 127932, 127925, 127812, 8811, 8810, 4158,
-    4156, 4157, 4155, 4192, 4191, 4190, 4226, 4129, 43642, 4138, 4135, 4208,
-    4207, 4206, 4159, 4099, 4098, 4097, 43625, 43624, 43626, 43623, 43622,
-    43621, 43627, 43618, 43617, 43630, 43629, 43620, 43619, 983244, 43631,
-    43616, 43635, 43628, 43633, 43634, 4096, 4188, 4189, 4187, 4186, 4136,
-    4121, 4106, 4111, 4100, 4105, 4116, 4238, 4123, 4176, 43491, 4218, 4220,
-    43490, 4221, 4224, 43492, 4223, 43489, 4216, 43488, 4215, 4214, 4213,
-    4219, 4222, 4225, 4217, 4130, 43646, 43647, 4193, 4177, 4126, 4112,
-    43503, 43495, 43502, 43501, 43516, 43515, 43518, 43517, 43498, 43497,
-    43500, 43499, 43514, 43496, 4108, 4107, 4113, 4198, 4197, 4125, 4110,
-    4109, 4115, 4114, 4178, 4179, 4180, 4181, 4133, 4134, 4131, 4132, 4128,
-    4124, 4120, 4119, 4102, 4101, 4104, 4103, 4118, 4117, 4127, 4122, 4137,
-    43636, 43637, 43638, 43632, 43494, 4154, 4150, 4250, 4251, 4237, 4235,
-    4236, 4231, 4232, 4233, 4234, 43493, 4171, 43644, 43645, 4201, 4202,
-    4203, 4204, 4205, 4151, 4239, 43643, 4170, 4153, 4152, 43639, 43641,
-    43640, 4174, 4172, 4255, 4254, 4175, 4173, 4245, 4244, 4247, 4246, 4243,
-    4242, 4240, 4249, 4241, 4248, 4195, 4196, 43509, 43508, 43511, 43510,
-    43507, 43506, 43504, 43513, 43505, 43512, 4146, 4252, 4253, 4140, 4209,
-    4212, 4210, 4211, 4147, 4148, 4194, 4228, 4229, 4230, 4227, 4145, 4149,
-    4199, 4200, 4139, 4182, 4183, 4184, 4185, 4143, 4144, 4141, 4142, 4165,
-    4164, 4167, 4166, 4163, 4162, 4160, 4169, 4161, 4168, 983218, 983232,
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+    70711, 70718, 70720, 70735, 70749, 70733, 70729, 11154, 11155, 128240,
+    9112, 983131, 9798, 11209, 128084, 129299, 983132, 128985, 129399,
+    127747, 2035, 2031, 2032, 2033, 2030, 2034, 2027, 2028, 2029, 2040, 2045,
+    2046, 1989, 1988, 1991, 1990, 1987, 1986, 1984, 1993, 1985, 1992, 2042,
+    2008, 2001, 2025, 2024, 2026, 2006, 2002, 2019, 2016, 2018, 2023, 2010,
+    2009, 2000, 1999, 2007, 1997, 1995, 2012, 2003, 2013, 2020, 2014, 2015,
+    2017, 2004, 2011, 2005, 2021, 2022, 1994, 1996, 1998, 2037, 2036, 2039,
+    2038, 2041, 2047, 983127, 128691, 9940, 128683, 128695, 128370, 128286,
+    128245, 128685, 8303, 65934, 8209, 128689, 10973, 8893, 8599, 10542,
+    10545, 10536, 10532, 129209, 10530, 128602, 128594, 128610, 11111, 11127,
+    11016, 8663, 129109, 11008, 43063, 43062, 43065, 43064, 43059, 43060,
+    43057, 43056, 43061, 43058, 10529, 8598, 8689, 8632, 10546, 10535, 10531,
+    129208, 128600, 128592, 128608, 11110, 11126, 11017, 8662, 129108, 11009,
+    128746, 8882, 8884, 8379, 8836, 8837, 8713, 8772, 8777, 8938, 8940, 8742,
+    8930, 8931, 172, 8877, 8769, 8813, 8800, 8802, 8815, 8814, 9083, 128323,
+    10159, 128324, 10161, 128456, 128457, 128458, 128211, 128212, 160,
+    128067, 9369, 9362, 9365, 9366, 9367, 35, 9368, 9364, 9361, 9363, 9371,
+    9370, 8470, 110960, 110961, 110962, 110963, 110964, 110965, 110966,
+    110967, 110968, 110969, 110970, 110971, 110972, 110973, 110974, 110975,
+    110976, 110977, 110978, 110979, 110980, 110981, 110982, 110983, 110984,
+    110985, 110986, 110987, 110988, 110989, 110990, 110991, 110992, 110993,
+    110994, 110995, 110996, 110997, 110998, 110999, 111000, 111001, 111002,
+    111003, 111004, 111005, 111006, 111007, 111008, 111009, 111010, 111011,
+    111012, 111013, 111014, 111015, 111016, 111017, 111018, 111019, 111020,
+    111021, 111022, 111023, 111024, 111025, 111026, 111027, 111028, 111029,
+    111030, 111031, 111032, 111033, 111034, 111035, 111036, 111037, 111038,
+    111039, 111040, 111041, 111042, 111043, 111044, 111045, 111046, 111047,
+    111048, 111049, 111050, 111051, 111052, 111053, 111054, 111055, 111056,
+    111057, 111058, 111059, 111060, 111061, 111062, 111063, 111064, 111065,
+    111066, 111067, 111068, 111069, 111070, 111071, 111072, 111073, 111074,
+    111075, 111076, 111077, 111078, 111079, 111080, 111081, 111082, 111083,
+    111084, 111085, 111086, 111087, 111088, 111089, 111090, 111091, 111092,
+    111093, 111094, 111095, 111096, 111097, 111098, 111099, 111100, 111101,
+    111102, 111103, 111104, 111105, 111106, 111107, 111108, 111109, 111110,
+    111111, 111112, 111113, 111114, 111115, 111116, 111117, 111118, 111119,
+    111120, 111121, 111122, 111123, 111124, 111125, 111126, 111127, 111128,
+    111129, 111130, 111131, 111132, 111133, 111134, 111135, 111136, 111137,
+    111138, 111139, 111140, 111141, 111142, 111143, 111144, 111145, 111146,
+    111147, 111148, 111149, 111150, 111151, 111152, 111153, 111154, 111155,
+    111156, 111157, 111158, 111159, 111160, 111161, 111162, 111163, 111164,
+    111165, 111166, 111167, 111168, 111169, 111170, 111171, 111172, 111173,
+    111174, 111175, 111176, 111177, 111178, 111179, 111180, 111181, 111182,
+    111183, 111184, 111185, 111186, 111187, 111188, 111189, 111190, 111191,
+    111192, 111193, 111194, 111195, 111196, 111197, 111198, 111199, 111200,
+    111201, 111202, 111203, 111204, 111205, 111206, 111207, 111208, 111209,
+    111210, 111211, 111212, 111213, 111214, 111215, 111216, 111217, 111218,
+    111219, 111220, 111221, 111222, 111223, 111224, 111225, 111226, 111227,
+    111228, 111229, 111230, 111231, 111232, 111233, 111234, 111235, 111236,
+    111237, 111238, 111239, 111240, 111241, 111242, 111243, 111244, 111245,
+    111246, 111247, 111248, 111249, 111250, 111251, 111252, 111253, 111254,
+    111255, 111256, 111257, 111258, 111259, 111260, 111261, 111262, 111263,
+    111264, 111265, 111266, 111267, 111268, 111269, 111270, 111271, 111272,
+    111273, 111274, 111275, 111276, 111277, 111278, 111279, 111280, 111281,
+    111282, 111283, 111284, 111285, 111286, 111287, 111288, 111289, 111290,
+    111291, 111292, 111293, 111294, 111295, 111296, 111297, 111298, 111299,
+    111300, 111301, 111302, 111303, 111304, 111305, 111306, 111307, 111308,
+    111309, 111310, 111311, 111312, 111313, 111314, 111315, 111316, 111317,
+    111318, 111319, 111320, 111321, 111322, 111323, 111324, 111325, 111326,
+    111327, 111328, 111329, 111330, 111331, 111332, 111333, 111334, 111335,
+    111336, 111337, 111338, 111339, 111340, 111341, 111342, 111343, 111344,
+    111345, 111346, 111347, 111348, 111349, 111350, 111351, 111352, 111353,
+    111354, 111355, 94177, 128297, 983041, 983040, 123149, 123155, 123138,
+    123166, 123164, 123148, 123143, 123161, 123153, 123152, 123141, 123137,
+    123156, 123139, 123163, 123142, 123172, 123173, 123140, 123167, 123171,
+    123158, 123176, 123177, 123165, 123151, 123168, 123136, 123169, 123162,
+    123178, 123179, 123144, 123157, 123170, 123150, 123145, 123159, 123146,
+    123154, 123160, 123147, 123174, 123175, 123180, 123214, 123193, 123192,
+    123195, 123194, 123191, 123196, 123197, 123184, 123190, 123189, 123186,
+    123185, 123188, 123187, 123215, 123205, 123204, 123207, 123206, 123203,
+    123202, 123200, 123209, 123201, 123208, 117776, 983231, 983066, 10663,
     10662, 11869, 9215, 65532, 9287, 9286, 9284, 9285, 9289, 9281, 9290,
     9288, 9282, 9283, 9280, 128721, 128025, 128885, 127970, 5787, 5788, 5776,
     5761, 5786, 5770, 5769, 5781, 5779, 5785, 5763, 5772, 5780, 5784, 5762,
@@ -11404,34 +12171,39 @@ static const unsigned int dawg_pos_to_codepoint[] = {
     7280, 7282, 7281, 7279, 7271, 7270, 7272, 7269, 7258, 7263, 7278, 7268,
     7283, 7273, 7284, 7285, 7287, 7286, 7276, 7274, 7275, 7277, 7290, 7288,
     7289, 7295, 7294, 7292, 7291, 7253, 7252, 7255, 7254, 7251, 7250, 7248,
-    7257, 7249, 7256, 7293, 94179, 94178, 68736, 68739, 68744, 68737, 68756,
-    68745, 68760, 68769, 68761, 68775, 68785, 68741, 68762, 68772, 68773,
-    68740, 68777, 68742, 68749, 68750, 68758, 68759, 68774, 68776, 68783,
-    68784, 68738, 68743, 68747, 68748, 68751, 68754, 68755, 68768, 68770,
-    68782, 68765, 68780, 68766, 68781, 68763, 68767, 68764, 68778, 68757,
-    68786, 68779, 68746, 68752, 68753, 68771, 68800, 68803, 68808, 68801,
-    68820, 68809, 68824, 68833, 68825, 68839, 68849, 68805, 68826, 68836,
-    68837, 68804, 68841, 68806, 68813, 68814, 68822, 68823, 68838, 68840,
-    68847, 68848, 68802, 68807, 68811, 68812, 68815, 68818, 68819, 68832,
-    68834, 68846, 68829, 68844, 68830, 68845, 68827, 68831, 68828, 68842,
-    68821, 68850, 68843, 68810, 68816, 68817, 68835, 68861, 68859, 68858,
-    68862, 68863, 68860, 66308, 66324, 66318, 66335, 66323, 66331, 66327,
-    66330, 66315, 66316, 66317, 66329, 66314, 66306, 66322, 66351, 66321,
-    66350, 66326, 66334, 66313, 66333, 66328, 66320, 66312, 66325, 66332,
-    66305, 66307, 66311, 66309, 66349, 66310, 66304, 66319, 66339, 66337,
-    66338, 66336, 68241, 68242, 68246, 68244, 68226, 68224, 68237, 68235,
-    68249, 68251, 68247, 68233, 68248, 68252, 68227, 68234, 68230, 68239,
-    68232, 68240, 68231, 68250, 68236, 68225, 68243, 68245, 68228, 68229,
-    68238, 68255, 68254, 68253, 66404, 66390, 66392, 66387, 66388, 66411,
-    66393, 66421, 66418, 66396, 66397, 66399, 66406, 66405, 66401, 66413,
-    66402, 66398, 66414, 66415, 66416, 66408, 66420, 66417, 66407, 66419,
-    66389, 66391, 66395, 66400, 66386, 66409, 66410, 66385, 66384, 66394,
-    66412, 66403, 66516, 66514, 66515, 66517, 66513, 66464, 66504, 66505,
-    66506, 66482, 66510, 66511, 66477, 66508, 66509, 66478, 66479, 66473,
-    66474, 66490, 66491, 66480, 66475, 66476, 66507, 66471, 66469, 66470,
-    66467, 66468, 66484, 66485, 66492, 66493, 66486, 66487, 66488, 66497,
-    66498, 66495, 66472, 66483, 66499, 66494, 66481, 66489, 66496, 66465,
-    66466, 66512, 128435, 69414, 69395, 69376, 69394, 69391, 69392, 69398,
+    7257, 7249, 7256, 7293, 124374, 124376, 124375, 124377, 124378, 124379,
+    124392, 124396, 124395, 124397, 124394, 124393, 124380, 124381, 124383,
+    124384, 124385, 124382, 124368, 124371, 124370, 124369, 124372, 124373,
+    124386, 124388, 124390, 124389, 124387, 124391, 124399, 124400, 124398,
+    124415, 124406, 124405, 124408, 124407, 124404, 124403, 124401, 124410,
+    124402, 124409, 94179, 94178, 68736, 68739, 68744, 68737, 68756, 68745,
+    68760, 68769, 68761, 68775, 68785, 68741, 68762, 68772, 68773, 68740,
+    68777, 68742, 68749, 68750, 68758, 68759, 68774, 68776, 68783, 68784,
+    68738, 68743, 68747, 68748, 68751, 68754, 68755, 68768, 68770, 68782,
+    68765, 68780, 68766, 68781, 68763, 68767, 68764, 68778, 68757, 68786,
+    68779, 68746, 68752, 68753, 68771, 68800, 68803, 68808, 68801, 68820,
+    68809, 68824, 68833, 68825, 68839, 68849, 68805, 68826, 68836, 68837,
+    68804, 68841, 68806, 68813, 68814, 68822, 68823, 68838, 68840, 68847,
+    68848, 68802, 68807, 68811, 68812, 68815, 68818, 68819, 68832, 68834,
+    68846, 68829, 68844, 68830, 68845, 68827, 68831, 68828, 68842, 68821,
+    68850, 68843, 68810, 68816, 68817, 68835, 68861, 68859, 68858, 68862,
+    68863, 68860, 66308, 66324, 66318, 66335, 66323, 66331, 66327, 66330,
+    66315, 66316, 66317, 66329, 66314, 66306, 66322, 66351, 66321, 66350,
+    66326, 66334, 66313, 66333, 66328, 66320, 66312, 66325, 66332, 66305,
+    66307, 66311, 66309, 66349, 66310, 66304, 66319, 66339, 66337, 66338,
+    66336, 68241, 68242, 68246, 68244, 68226, 68224, 68237, 68235, 68249,
+    68251, 68247, 68233, 68248, 68252, 68227, 68234, 68230, 68239, 68232,
+    68240, 68231, 68250, 68236, 68225, 68243, 68245, 68228, 68229, 68238,
+    68255, 68254, 68253, 66404, 66390, 66392, 66387, 66388, 66411, 66393,
+    66421, 66418, 66396, 66397, 66399, 66406, 66405, 66401, 66413, 66402,
+    66398, 66414, 66415, 66416, 66408, 66420, 66417, 66407, 66419, 66389,
+    66391, 66395, 66400, 66386, 66409, 66410, 66385, 66384, 66394, 66412,
+    66403, 66516, 66514, 66515, 66517, 66513, 66464, 66504, 66505, 66506,
+    66482, 66510, 66511, 66477, 66508, 66509, 66478, 66479, 66473, 66474,
+    66490, 66491, 66480, 66475, 66476, 66507, 66471, 66469, 66470, 66467,
+    66468, 66484, 66485, 66492, 66493, 66486, 66487, 66488, 66497, 66498,
+    66495, 66472, 66483, 66499, 66494, 66481, 66489, 66496, 66465, 66466,
+    66512, 128435, 118450, 69414, 69395, 69376, 69394, 69391, 69392, 69398,
     69399, 69403, 69404, 69377, 69379, 69382, 69400, 69388, 69380, 69384,
     69393, 69397, 69401, 69386, 69381, 69385, 69387, 69378, 69390, 69402,
     69383, 69396, 69389, 69415, 69407, 69412, 69411, 69406, 69410, 69405,
@@ -11449,7 +12221,7 @@ static const unsigned int dawg_pos_to_codepoint[] = {
     69507, 69506, 69488, 69502, 69496, 69505, 69492, 69499, 69501, 69503,
     69494, 69493, 69490, 69495, 69489, 69498, 69504, 69491, 69500, 69497,
     69511, 69512, 69513, 69510, 128477, 128117, 129491, 128116, 129746,
-    128283, 128664, 128753, 128660, 128662, 128653, 11819, 8228, 128431,
+    128283, 128664, 128753, 128662, 128660, 128653, 11819, 8228, 128431,
     129649, 129477, 128214, 9251, 10044, 10027, 10034, 10011, 128194, 128449,
     128080, 128237, 128236, 10180, 10179, 128275, 9103, 9104, 10174, 983191,
     8997, 128191, 128440, 9934, 9741, 128217, 129505, 129447, 8886, 2902,
@@ -11458,214 +12230,230 @@ static const unsigned int dawg_pos_to_codepoint[] = {
     2852, 2827, 2912, 2828, 2913, 2869, 2825, 2826, 2823, 2824, 2867, 2866,
     2841, 2851, 2846, 2856, 2870, 2871, 2872, 2861, 2860, 2843, 2842, 2840,
     2839, 2845, 2844, 2838, 2837, 2859, 2858, 2873, 2862, 2929, 2831, 2835,
-    983660, 983659, 2877, 2818, 2817, 2876, 2901, 2893, 2819, 2878, 2888,
-    2892, 2883, 2884, 2914, 2915, 2881, 2882, 2879, 2880, 2887, 2891, 2923,
+    983660, 983659, 2817, 2876, 2877, 2818, 2901, 2893, 2819, 2878, 2888,
+    2892, 2881, 2882, 2883, 2884, 2914, 2915, 2879, 2880, 2887, 2891, 2923,
     2922, 2925, 2924, 2921, 2920, 2918, 2927, 2919, 2926, 64830, 64831, 9766,
-    10183, 128895, 66736, 66737, 66738, 66739, 66743, 66763, 66761, 66742,
-    66749, 66757, 66744, 66768, 66750, 66748, 66754, 66755, 66764, 66762,
-    66760, 66746, 66745, 66741, 66765, 66769, 66759, 66758, 66771, 66770,
-    66740, 66751, 66752, 66753, 66756, 66767, 66747, 66766, 66776, 66777,
-    66778, 66779, 66783, 66803, 66801, 66782, 66789, 66797, 66784, 66808,
-    66790, 66788, 66794, 66795, 66804, 66802, 66800, 66786, 66785, 66781,
-    66805, 66809, 66799, 66798, 66811, 66810, 66780, 66791, 66792, 66793,
-    66796, 66807, 66787, 66806, 66710, 66688, 66715, 66699, 66694, 66698,
-    66703, 66693, 66697, 66696, 66705, 66702, 66713, 66717, 66704, 66706,
-    66707, 66711, 66716, 66689, 66701, 66700, 66708, 66691, 66695, 66690,
-    66692, 66709, 66712, 66714, 66725, 66724, 66727, 66726, 66723, 66722,
-    66720, 66729, 66721, 66728, 983192, 126257, 126264, 126258, 126259,
-    126265, 126260, 126263, 126267, 126255, 126266, 126256, 126262, 126261,
-    126269, 126268, 126254, 126216, 126225, 126252, 126234, 126243, 126222,
-    126249, 126213, 126231, 126240, 126221, 126248, 126212, 126230, 126239,
-    126217, 126226, 126253, 126235, 126244, 126215, 126224, 126251, 126233,
-    126242, 126214, 126223, 126250, 126232, 126241, 126220, 126247, 126211,
-    126229, 126238, 126219, 126246, 126210, 126228, 126237, 126218, 126245,
-    126209, 126227, 126236, 129446, 128228, 10015, 9885, 10029, 10009, 8485,
-    129397, 128471, 11195, 11194, 11196, 8254, 129450, 8486, 128076, 127842,
-    128329, 129417, 128002, 983122, 983121, 128463, 128195, 128479, 128196,
-    128223, 128464, 128724, 93059, 93065, 93064, 93058, 93070, 93056, 93055,
-    93053, 93062, 93069, 93061, 93066, 93071, 93068, 93054, 93057, 93063,
-    93067, 93060, 92967, 92975, 92965, 92969, 92959, 92968, 92971, 92957,
-    92962, 92960, 92972, 92970, 92963, 92958, 92966, 92961, 92956, 92974,
-    92964, 92973, 92979, 92978, 92980, 92977, 92976, 92982, 92981, 93023,
-    93020, 93024, 93021, 93019, 93025, 93022, 93043, 92985, 93047, 93044,
-    93045, 92997, 93046, 93042, 93032, 93029, 92995, 93038, 92993, 93041,
-    93035, 93033, 93037, 93030, 93039, 92987, 92992, 92986, 92983, 92984,
-    93027, 92994, 93034, 92988, 92990, 92989, 92991, 93028, 92996, 93031,
-    93040, 93036, 92954, 92955, 92938, 92939, 92932, 92933, 92942, 92943,
-    92950, 92951, 92928, 92929, 92936, 92937, 92948, 92949, 92930, 92931,
-    92944, 92945, 92934, 92935, 92940, 92941, 92946, 92947, 92952, 92953,
-    93013, 93012, 93015, 93014, 93011, 93010, 93008, 93017, 93009, 93016,
-    9908, 11801, 127796, 129779, 129780, 67703, 67693, 67688, 67702, 67683,
-    67691, 67699, 67700, 67680, 67696, 67682, 67686, 67695, 67698, 67701,
-    67689, 67684, 67687, 67690, 67681, 67694, 67685, 67697, 67692, 67704,
-    67711, 67706, 67707, 67710, 67709, 67708, 67705, 129330, 129374, 128060,
-    11853, 8233, 11791, 10995, 10994, 8741, 129666, 12809, 12823, 12808,
-    12822, 12828, 12813, 12827, 12810, 12824, 12800, 12814, 12804, 12818,
-    12801, 12815, 12812, 12826, 12805, 12819, 12803, 12817, 12806, 12820,
-    12811, 12825, 12802, 12816, 12807, 12821, 12863, 12855, 12858, 12861,
-    12847, 12839, 12854, 12843, 12836, 12864, 12835, 12856, 12846, 12842,
-    12840, 12852, 12862, 12865, 12857, 12867, 12838, 12866, 12851, 12853,
-    12859, 12849, 12860, 12848, 12837, 12834, 12841, 12833, 12845, 12844,
-    12850, 12832, 12830, 12829, 9349, 9342, 9345, 9346, 9350, 9347, 9348,
-    9344, 9351, 9343, 9341, 9336, 9335, 9338, 9337, 9334, 9333, 9340, 9332,
-    9339, 127248, 127249, 127250, 127251, 127252, 127253, 127254, 127255,
-    127256, 127257, 127258, 127259, 127260, 127261, 127262, 127263, 127264,
-    127265, 127266, 127267, 127268, 127269, 127270, 127271, 127272, 127273,
-    9372, 9373, 9374, 9375, 9376, 9377, 9378, 9379, 9380, 9381, 9382, 9383,
-    9384, 9385, 9386, 9387, 9388, 9389, 9390, 9391, 9392, 9393, 9394, 9395,
-    9396, 9397, 8706, 983147, 983146, 983149, 983150, 9853, 127881, 12880,
-    12349, 129436, 11261, 128755, 9105, 9106, 128706, 72437, 72440, 72432,
-    72416, 72419, 72413, 72417, 72415, 72412, 72414, 72418, 72420, 72403,
-    72407, 72411, 72409, 72410, 72391, 72400, 72404, 72397, 72394, 72385,
-    72401, 72384, 72399, 72398, 72396, 72388, 72393, 72392, 72386, 72387,
-    72402, 72395, 72390, 72389, 72405, 72406, 72408, 72436, 72435, 72438,
-    72439, 72422, 72421, 72424, 72425, 72431, 72433, 72434, 72428, 72427,
-    72429, 72430, 72423, 72426, 128062, 128230, 128206, 983228, 983237,
-    129434, 9774, 127825, 129372, 129755, 127824, 128039, 128532, 9956,
-    128390, 9999, 8240, 8241, 8524, 10178, 10977, 129336, 129494, 129496,
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+    67844, 67847, 67858, 67857, 67860, 67854, 67861, 67848, 67845, 67846,
+    67849, 67859, 67842, 67850, 67853, 67851, 67841, 67856, 67852, 67864,
+    67866, 67867, 67863, 67862, 67865, 67871, 11227, 9935, 128763, 128022,
+    128061, 128055, 128169, 182, 128138, 129292, 129295, 127885, 127821,
+    10031, 129655, 129669, 9811, 128299, 8916, 10970, 129383, 8984, 128720,
+    129703, 8462, 8463, 127183, 127136, 127167, 127199, 127188, 127140,
+    127156, 127172, 127200, 127189, 127141, 127157, 127173, 127196, 127148,
+    127164, 127180, 127198, 127150, 127166, 127182, 127192, 127144, 127160,
+    127176, 127191, 127143, 127159, 127175, 127190, 127142, 127158, 127174,
+    127197, 127149, 127165, 127181, 127194, 127146, 127162, 127178, 127187,
+    127139, 127155, 127171, 127186, 127138, 127154, 127170, 127202, 127220,
+    127221, 127201, 127210, 127211, 127212, 127213, 127214, 127215, 127216,
+    127217, 127218, 127219, 127203, 127204, 127205, 127206, 127207, 127208,
+    127209, 127185, 127137, 127153, 127169, 127193, 127145, 127161, 127177,
+    127195, 127147, 127163, 127179, 128733, 983151, 43, 10797, 10798, 10809,
+    10789, 10786, 10791, 10790, 10788, 10792, 10787, 10866, 177, 9799, 11222,
+    11221, 11220, 11219, 129696, 983148, 117777, 128659, 128680, 128110,
+    8297, 8236, 127871, 128254, 11239, 128239, 12306, 12320, 128238, 8982,
+    128688, 129364, 127858, 129716, 127831, 129751, 128574, 128545, 163,
+    128093, 9212, 9213, 9214, 9211, 128041, 128425, 129328, 129732, 129731,
+    65043, 65040, 65045, 65073, 65074, 65049, 65041, 65042, 65091, 65047,
+    65083, 65085, 65089, 65079, 65087, 65077, 65095, 65081, 65075, 65084,
+    65086, 65092, 983261, 65048, 65090, 65080, 65088, 65078, 65096, 65082,
+    65076, 65044, 65072, 65046, 8478, 8826, 10937, 10933, 10927, 10929,
+    10935, 10931, 8936, 8830, 8828, 8880, 9111, 129384, 9113, 128424, 128438,
+    129332, 128120, 983193, 983166, 983163, 983164, 983167, 8242, 8965, 8759,
+    8733, 8522, 128711, 129455, 11224, 128255, 68507, 68508, 68480, 68483,
+    68490, 68491, 68485, 68482, 68486, 68493, 68495, 68496, 68488, 68484,
+    68487, 68489, 68481, 68492, 68497, 68494, 68526, 68522, 68523, 68525,
+    68521, 68527, 68524, 68505, 68506, 11854, 8200, 128156, 128091, 128686,
+    128204, 128226, 983165, 983168, 983194, 9624, 9625, 9626, 9627, 9628,
+    9629, 9630, 9631, 9622, 9623, 10764, 8279, 10774, 9833, 128894, 8264, 63,
+    8799, 34, 9915, 127949, 127950, 129437, 128251, 9762, 128280, 9143,
+    128740, 128643, 9926, 127752, 11827, 11783, 11782, 9995, 128400, 128406,
+    127338, 127339, 127340, 129996, 11787, 9994, 11828, 129306, 128000, 8758,
+    128007, 128048, 129682, 128015, 129534, 117778, 9852, 9843, 9844, 9845,
+    9846, 9847, 9848, 9849, 9850, 983113, 128665, 127822, 129511, 174,
+    127462, 127463, 127464, 127465, 127466, 127467, 127468, 127469, 127470,
+    127471, 127472, 127473, 127474, 127475, 127476, 127477, 127478, 127479,
+    127480, 127481, 127482, 127483, 127484, 127485, 127486, 127487, 43344,
+    43343, 43346, 43345, 43333, 43323, 43331, 43314, 43332, 43317, 43330,
+    43320, 43319, 43321, 43316, 43313, 43329, 43322, 43312, 43326, 43318,
+    43325, 43324, 43315, 43328, 43327, 43334, 43359, 43337, 43342, 43341,
+    43338, 43340, 43335, 43339, 43336, 43347, 128524, 127895, 65533, 9952,
+    9953, 128699, 8479, 9166, 11152, 11153, 128639, 128968, 983152, 92,
+    10184, 10741, 10743, 11073, 11079, 983153, 10659, 10661, 8246, 12317,
+    10989, 8976, 11793, 8267, 8245, 128401, 9753, 11262, 8515, 8271, 8765,
+    8909, 8247, 128402, 128403, 128405, 11841, 11822, 128404, 10672, 128158,
+    8251, 129423, 983154, 127872, 11190, 11188, 11191, 11189, 11186, 11187,
+    11184, 11185, 127832, 127833, 129919, 129918, 128495, 8735, 12297, 10642,
+    11777, 11776, 9084, 8894, 10652, 10644, 10228, 8692, 12305, 10648, 125,
+    9132, 9133, 9131, 12301, 8969, 11781, 12299, 10608, 10715, 8221, 11817,
+    129929, 10621, 8971, 118272, 9687, 11241, 9616, 129978, 117925, 118289,
+    129971, 118286, 118284, 118432, 118443, 129933, 128381, 130025, 130017,
+    11805, 8906, 10198, 129927, 9621, 129980, 41, 9120, 9118, 9119, 11789,
+    10182, 8908, 129931, 8217, 11815, 128360, 128361, 128362, 128489, 93,
+    9126, 9124, 10638, 10640, 8262, 10636, 11864, 11862, 9125, 11779, 117773,
+    129987, 128493, 118433, 118442, 129930, 129928, 11786, 8895, 10702,
+    129902, 12309, 8866, 11809, 9145, 117766, 12303, 10628, 12311, 10630,
+    12315, 12313, 10713, 1421, 117833, 117907, 117909, 129308, 4053, 4055,
+    117874, 117878, 9957, 9002, 117858, 10749, 187, 117775, 128270, 117921,
+    117848, 117923, 117913, 117863, 117763, 117919, 117882, 117761, 10153,
+    10552, 8295, 8238, 8235, 8207, 10813, 8594, 11080, 11084, 10562, 10613,
+    10612, 129974, 8614, 10528, 129217, 11076, 11075, 10567, 10526, 8677,
+    8628, 10513, 8699, 129202, 8620, 129034, 10565, 129042, 129026, 8603,
+    11022, 11023, 8611, 10517, 10516, 129030, 129178, 129046, 8618, 8696,
+    8644, 10522, 129193, 129185, 11146, 11157, 8658, 10499, 8655, 10503,
+    10524, 10509, 8674, 129195, 129078, 8652, 10601, 10605, 10591, 10583,
+    8641, 10600, 10604, 10596, 10587, 10579, 8640, 129777, 129090, 129094,
+    129191, 8702, 8649, 129784, 129189, 128622, 8669, 129082, 129106, 129187,
+    11106, 11138, 11132, 983242, 11175, 11173, 129066, 129062, 129058,
+    129074, 129070, 11122, 11116, 11142, 129170, 10511, 8667, 10518, 10520,
+    10519, 11246, 10497, 10496, 10501, 10512, 8608, 8605, 8680, 8688, 129174,
+    129086, 11078, 128141, 128735, 11824, 8790, 8791, 8728, 730, 129680,
+    128365, 10539, 10544, 65020, 129350, 983227, 983235, 983225, 983230,
+    129704, 128640, 128478, 127906, 128764, 129531, 129315, 65947, 65942,
+    65945, 65940, 65943, 8556, 8583, 8582, 8548, 8558, 8577, 8547, 8544,
+    8557, 8584, 8559, 8576, 8549, 8581, 8550, 8553, 8578, 8555, 8545, 8546,
+    8579, 8554, 8551, 8552, 65938, 65944, 65936, 65939, 65941, 65937, 65946,
+    129756, 128019, 127801, 127989, 10087, 10085, 11213, 11215, 8506, 128205,
+    128907, 127588, 127586, 127589, 127584, 127585, 127587, 128675, 127840,
+    129302, 8381, 127945, 10740, 69245, 69243, 69244, 69246, 69241, 69232,
+    69238, 69229, 69237, 69228, 69242, 69233, 69234, 69240, 69231, 69239,
+    69230, 69236, 69227, 69235, 69226, 69225, 69220, 69219, 69222, 69221,
+    69218, 69217, 69224, 69216, 69223, 5872, 5869, 5803, 5802, 5800, 5833,
+    5837, 5860, 5811, 5859, 5858, 5841, 5851, 5824, 5844, 5854, 5826, 5846,
+    5856, 5799, 5814, 5880, 5879, 5877, 5876, 5878, 5792, 5813, 5815, 5828,
+    5816, 5819, 5818, 5853, 5852, 5825, 5831, 5864, 5857, 5827, 5873, 5812,
+    5810, 5850, 5829, 5820, 5848, 5804, 5862, 5806, 5801, 5855, 5845, 5807,
+    5808, 5875, 5809, 5874, 5843, 5821, 5849, 5823, 5805, 5836, 5840, 5830,
+    5863, 5835, 5834, 5861, 5842, 5822, 5798, 5839, 5797, 5817, 5794, 5847,
+    5832, 5796, 5795, 5865, 5793, 5866, 5838, 5867, 5868, 5870, 5871, 127933,
+    127939, 11254, 11252, 11253, 11251, 11255, 11256, 8360, 983114, 10700,
+    129466, 129527, 9808, 129474, 9747, 129761, 2049, 2053, 2051, 2063, 2055,
+    2052, 2058, 2059, 2062, 2068, 2069, 2056, 2065, 2048, 2050, 2067, 2054,
+    2060, 2066, 2061, 2057, 2064, 2073, 2070, 2071, 2075, 2093, 2072, 2074,
+    2084, 2088, 2097, 2110, 2098, 2100, 2108, 2099, 2096, 2101, 2109, 2106,
+    2104, 2107, 2103, 2105, 2082, 2079, 2076, 2089, 2086, 2091, 2081, 2078,
+    2085, 2092, 2083, 2080, 2077, 2090, 2087, 2102, 128630, 128631, 128632,
+    128634, 129386, 128752, 128225, 9796, 43138, 43139, 43150, 43153, 43167,
+    43166, 43172, 43171, 43165, 43164, 43170, 43169, 43144, 43145, 43146,
+    43147, 43182, 43142, 43143, 43151, 43152, 43140, 43141, 43187, 43181,
+    43158, 43168, 43163, 43173, 43183, 43184, 43185, 43177, 43176, 43160,
+    43159, 43157, 43156, 43162, 43161, 43155, 43154, 43175, 43174, 43148,
+    43149, 43186, 43178, 43180, 43179, 43205, 43136, 43204, 43137, 43215,
+    43214, 43221, 43220, 43223, 43222, 43219, 43218, 43216, 43225, 43217,
+    43224, 43188, 43189, 43200, 43203, 43192, 43193, 43194, 43195, 43196,
+    43197, 43201, 43202, 43190, 43191, 43198, 43199, 129429, 9973, 127927,
+    127862, 129403, 9878, 129507, 127979, 127890, 129410, 9807, 128756,
+    129691, 128437, 8492, 8496, 8497, 8459, 8464, 8466, 8499, 8472, 8475,
+    128624, 8495, 8458, 8467, 8500, 8456, 128220, 983186, 129453, 128186,
+    167, 8980, 129352, 127793, 128584, 8979, 130037, 130036, 130039, 130038,
+    130035, 130034, 130032, 130041, 130033, 130040, 10802, 9914, 59, 117793,
+    117795, 117799, 117807, 117803, 117797, 117805, 117801, 117794, 117798,
+    117806, 117802, 117796, 117804, 117800, 118353, 118355, 118359, 118367,
+    118383, 118415, 118399, 118375, 118407, 118391, 118363, 118379, 118411,
+    118395, 118371, 118403, 118387, 118357, 118365, 118381, 118413, 118397,
+    118373, 118405, 118389, 118361, 118377, 118409, 118393, 118369, 118401,
+    118385, 118354, 118358, 118366, 118382, 118414, 118398, 118374, 118406,
+    118390, 118362, 118378, 118410, 118394, 118370, 118402, 118386, 118356,
+    118364, 118380, 118412, 118396, 118372, 118404, 118388, 118360, 118376,
+    118408, 118392, 118368, 118400, 118384, 11259, 8480, 129324, 9916, 65093,
+    983169, 8726, 129697, 9913, 11250, 129331, 10061, 10032, 10014, 129368,
+    70086, 70085, 70101, 70100, 70103, 70102, 70099, 70098, 70096, 70105,
+    70097, 70104, 70092, 70106, 70108, 70019, 70020, 70030, 70032, 70046,
+    70045, 70051, 70050, 70044, 70043, 70049, 70048, 70025, 70026, 70027,
+    70028, 70062, 70023, 70024, 70021, 70022, 70061, 70060, 70037, 70047,
+    70042, 70052, 70063, 70064, 70065, 70056, 70055, 70039, 70038, 70036,
+    70035, 70041, 70040, 70034, 70033, 70054, 70053, 70066, 70057, 70059,
+    70058, 70029, 70031, 70089, 70110, 70111, 70088, 70095, 70107, 70016,
+    70090, 70081, 70017, 70082, 70083, 70080, 70018, 70093, 70091, 70094,
+    70067, 70077, 70079, 70070, 70071, 70072, 70073, 70074, 70075, 70068,
+    70069, 70076, 70078, 70087, 70109, 70084, 129416, 127847, 66684, 66680,
+    66682, 66665, 66673, 66679, 66664, 66669, 66647, 66685, 66672, 66683,
+    66663, 66659, 66649, 66686, 66674, 66662, 66660, 66656, 66661, 66677,
+    66678, 66668, 66676, 66666, 66681, 66640, 66670, 66646, 66645, 66644,
+    66654, 66641, 66667, 66658, 66648, 66687, 66657, 66651, 66655, 66643,
+    66652, 66650, 66642, 66653, 66671, 66675, 9752, 129768, 128737, 983075,
+    983078, 9961, 128674, 127776, 128722, 128717, 11087, 11103, 11086, 10564,
+    10976, 10985, 10984, 10974, 10975, 10983, 113825, 113824, 113826, 113827,
+    127856, 129651, 9085, 129327, 129679, 128703, 128017, 129424, 129335,
+    10722, 983198, 983080, 71113, 71040, 71131, 71041, 71051, 71053, 71128,
     71070, 71129, 71130, 71065, 71064, 71069, 71067, 71066, 71072, 71071,
     71046, 71047, 71048, 71049, 71082, 71044, 71045, 71042, 71043, 71058,
     71068, 71063, 71073, 71083, 71084, 71085, 71077, 71076, 71060, 71059,
@@ -11674,138 +12462,139 @@ static const unsigned int dawg_pos_to_codepoint[] = {
     71127, 71126, 71125, 71123, 71124, 71117, 71118, 71116, 71121, 71115,
     71114, 71122, 71109, 71108, 71105, 71100, 71104, 71101, 71103, 71102,
     71132, 71133, 71087, 71097, 71099, 71092, 71093, 71090, 71091, 71088,
-    71089, 71096, 71098, 128411, 128410, 128417, 128416, 128409, 128408,
-    128415, 128414, 121399, 121397, 121400, 121398, 121402, 121401, 121104,
-    121103, 121102, 121388, 121387, 121386, 121482, 121479, 121358, 121359,
-    121357, 121360, 121341, 121335, 121339, 121340, 121336, 121334, 121333,
-    121338, 121337, 121342, 121368, 121367, 121373, 121356, 121355, 121354,
-    121380, 121382, 121381, 121384, 121383, 121385, 121377, 121379, 121378,
-    121375, 121376, 121374, 121371, 121369, 121366, 121370, 121372, 121364,
-    121365, 121452, 121392, 121352, 121353, 121351, 121499, 121500, 121501,
-    121502, 121503, 121470, 121117, 121115, 121119, 121118, 121116, 121456,
-    121363, 121362, 121361, 121480, 121455, 120965, 120837, 121000, 120969,
-    121027, 121026, 121076, 121074, 121075, 120995, 120991, 120990, 120982,
-    121005, 121011, 121044, 121042, 121043, 120950, 120833, 120847, 121002,
-    120859, 120863, 120997, 120967, 120845, 121019, 120839, 120993, 120980,
-    121038, 121045, 121031, 121009, 120934, 121046, 121047, 120905, 120936,
-    120937, 120935, 121065, 120941, 120834, 121068, 121069, 121024, 120915,
-    120916, 121040, 120940, 120944, 120946, 120942, 120945, 120947, 120943,
-    120949, 121020, 121039, 120948, 121091, 120832, 120838, 120861, 120843,
-    120852, 120870, 120844, 120846, 120848, 120865, 120853, 120856, 120885,
-    120877, 120878, 120879, 120884, 120857, 120882, 120854, 120855, 120858,
-    120883, 121001, 120871, 120850, 120867, 120966, 120972, 120971, 120849,
-    120862, 120895, 120894, 120872, 120873, 120893, 120875, 120874, 120866,
-    120864, 120996, 120842, 120891, 120890, 121067, 120892, 120887, 121064,
-    121066, 121063, 121060, 121061, 121062, 120899, 120881, 121052, 121059,
-    121057, 121054, 121055, 121056, 121058, 120851, 120869, 120868, 120841,
-    121018, 120974, 120977, 120976, 120975, 120985, 120986, 120983, 120992,
-    120988, 120984, 120978, 121032, 121037, 120897, 120896, 120898, 120889,
-    120888, 120886, 120880, 121035, 121030, 121033, 121028, 121036, 120860,
-    121003, 121012, 121014, 121013, 121007, 121016, 121008, 121015, 121006,
-    121077, 121083, 120876, 121084, 121085, 121078, 121090, 121087, 121079,
-    121080, 121081, 120840, 121086, 121088, 121089, 120979, 121082, 121092,
-    120906, 120922, 120908, 120919, 120920, 120921, 120914, 120910, 120912,
-    120900, 120903, 120904, 120902, 120901, 120924, 120909, 120911, 120913,
-    120926, 120930, 120931, 120932, 120929, 120933, 120928, 120925, 120927,
-    120923, 120957, 120917, 120907, 120836, 121051, 120968, 120973, 120998,
-    121072, 121053, 121073, 121070, 121071, 121025, 120970, 120994, 120989,
-    120987, 121029, 121041, 120955, 120961, 120956, 120959, 120999, 121004,
-    120964, 120960, 120963, 120962, 120958, 120939, 120938, 121023, 121021,
-    121022, 121050, 121048, 121049, 121034, 121017, 120951, 120981, 120953,
-    121010, 120954, 120952, 120918, 120835, 121451, 121343, 121349, 121347,
-    121348, 121346, 121345, 121350, 121344, 121462, 121463, 121464, 121465,
-    121466, 121467, 121468, 121469, 121428, 121429, 121427, 121476, 121473,
-    121477, 121475, 121474, 121478, 121472, 121471, 121404, 121405, 121403,
-    121430, 121409, 121411, 121410, 121406, 121408, 121407, 121421, 121423,
-    121422, 121415, 121416, 121417, 121418, 121419, 121420, 121414, 121413,
-    121412, 121424, 121425, 121426, 121432, 121431, 121183, 121184, 121182,
-    121181, 121187, 121188, 121186, 121185, 121175, 121176, 121174, 121173,
-    121179, 121180, 121178, 121177, 121324, 121321, 121323, 121320, 121322,
-    121319, 121210, 121209, 121208, 121203, 121207, 121305, 121272, 121271,
-    121287, 121286, 121303, 121304, 121302, 121301, 121206, 121205, 121204,
-    121198, 121332, 121331, 121129, 121276, 121274, 121275, 121273, 121288,
-    121289, 121291, 121290, 121306, 121280, 121278, 121279, 121277, 121295,
-    121293, 121294, 121292, 121307, 121314, 121191, 121192, 121190, 121189,
-    121193, 121202, 121201, 121200, 121199, 121282, 121281, 121297, 121296,
-    121308, 121309, 121310, 121328, 121327, 121194, 121196, 121197, 121195,
-    121216, 121215, 121214, 121213, 121212, 121211, 121449, 121125, 121126,
-    121121, 121122, 121123, 121124, 121127, 121318, 121316, 121317, 121315,
-    121156, 121155, 121154, 121146, 121145, 121144, 121150, 121149, 121148,
-    121147, 121230, 121231, 121229, 121228, 121261, 121254, 121247, 121233,
-    121232, 121226, 121227, 121225, 121224, 121249, 121248, 121153, 121152,
-    121151, 121139, 121135, 121137, 121138, 121136, 121330, 121329, 121128,
-    121236, 121262, 121255, 121235, 121234, 121237, 121240, 121239, 121263,
-    121256, 121238, 121162, 121161, 121160, 121132, 121133, 121131, 121130,
-    121134, 121253, 121142, 121143, 121141, 121140, 121243, 121242, 121241,
-    121246, 121245, 121244, 121270, 121269, 121268, 121264, 121257, 121326,
-    121325, 121159, 121158, 121157, 121448, 121394, 121393, 121396, 121395,
-    121450, 121513, 121514, 121515, 121516, 121517, 121518, 121519, 121505,
-    121506, 121507, 121508, 121509, 121510, 121511, 121512, 121312, 121284,
-    121299, 121311, 121283, 121298, 121313, 121285, 121300, 121267, 121260,
-    121252, 121251, 121266, 121259, 121250, 121265, 121258, 121107, 121106,
-    121105, 121454, 121453, 121457, 121120, 121112, 121110, 121114, 121113,
-    121111, 121108, 121109, 121101, 121100, 121099, 121481, 121441, 121445,
-    121446, 121443, 121444, 121442, 121447, 121390, 121389, 121391, 121440,
-    121439, 121437, 121435, 121436, 121434, 121433, 121438, 121459, 121458,
-    121460, 121095, 121094, 121093, 121219, 121218, 121217, 121222, 121221,
-    121220, 121223, 121172, 121171, 121170, 121168, 121167, 121166, 121165,
-    121164, 121163, 121169, 121098, 121097, 121096, 121461, 121483, 129304,
-    10912, 10911, 10910, 10909, 10860, 983185, 983183, 8219, 8249, 8218,
-    8250, 983158, 983155, 983156, 983159, 70117, 70116, 70119, 70118, 70115,
-    70114, 70121, 70113, 70120, 70131, 70132, 70129, 70126, 70125, 70130,
-    70128, 70127, 70124, 70123, 70122, 983953, 983954, 983952, 3464, 3463,
-    3495, 3501, 3497, 3503, 3510, 3488, 3484, 3490, 3482, 3508, 3513, 3462,
-    3475, 3478, 3461, 3474, 3473, 3472, 3471, 3470, 3469, 3466, 3465, 3468,
-    3467, 3496, 3502, 3498, 3504, 3511, 3489, 3485, 3491, 3483, 3509, 3512,
-    3525, 3499, 3522, 3517, 3505, 3523, 3477, 3476, 3500, 3507, 3487, 3494,
-    3526, 3524, 3515, 3520, 3514, 3492, 3493, 3521, 3486, 3563, 3562, 3565,
-    3564, 3561, 3560, 3558, 3567, 3559, 3566, 3530, 3458, 3457, 3459, 3570,
-    3571, 3546, 3537, 3539, 3542, 3544, 3551, 3536, 3538, 3540, 3545, 3548,
-    3549, 3550, 3547, 3535, 3572, 8767, 10046, 128973, 10038, 128303, 8198,
-    10042, 128510, 127935, 9975, 128128, 9760, 129448, 128761, 10902, 10904,
-    10901, 10903, 11098, 11100, 42611, 128716, 128164, 128564, 128554,
-    128373, 128759, 127829, 128577, 128578, 10840, 10839, 9011, 127920,
-    129445, 65120, 128745, 65121, 128313, 128312, 8717, 8956, 8958, 65131,
-    65104, 65109, 65129, 8714, 8948, 8951, 65126, 65111, 65112, 65105, 65115,
-    65113, 65117, 65124, 65116, 65114, 65118, 8570, 8567, 8564, 8574, 8572,
-    8563, 8560, 8573, 8575, 8571, 8561, 8562, 8569, 8566, 8565, 8568, 65128,
-    65108, 68411, 732, 10849, 65125, 65123, 65130, 65122, 65119, 65106,
-    65110, 10922, 10924, 10803, 128570, 128571, 128525, 128520, 128519,
-    128515, 128517, 128516, 128518, 128522, 129325, 129392, 128526, 129394,
-    8995, 128527, 128684, 128012, 128013, 129319, 127956, 9731, 9924, 127938,
-    10052, 983077, 9917, 129510, 173, 127846, 128428, 9108, 129358, 69453,
-    69452, 69454, 69456, 69447, 69449, 69446, 69448, 69455, 69451, 69450,
-    69445, 69424, 69437, 69426, 69433, 69444, 69440, 69429, 69436, 69439,
-    69441, 69431, 69427, 69430, 69432, 69425, 69443, 69435, 69442, 69428,
-    69438, 69434, 69457, 69460, 69459, 69458, 69463, 69465, 69461, 69462,
-    69464, 128618, 128619, 47, 10742, 128284, 69859, 69863, 69864, 69846,
-    69847, 69857, 69849, 69842, 69843, 69844, 69845, 69854, 69856, 69855,
-    69848, 69851, 69853, 69840, 69841, 69850, 69852, 69858, 69860, 69862,
-    69861, 69877, 69876, 69879, 69878, 69875, 69874, 69872, 69881, 69873,
-    69880, 8600, 10537, 10541, 8690, 10533, 128603, 128595, 128611, 11112,
-    11128, 11018, 8664, 129110, 11010, 8601, 10538, 10534, 128601, 128593,
-    128609, 11113, 11129, 11019, 8665, 129111, 11011, 8471, 72328, 72329,
-    72327, 72326, 72340, 72339, 72334, 72332, 72341, 72335, 72333, 72330,
-    72331, 72338, 72336, 72337, 72344, 72352, 72351, 72350, 72297, 72296,
-    72302, 72311, 72301, 72323, 72285, 72284, 72288, 72298, 72293, 72303,
-    72319, 72320, 72321, 72310, 72309, 72295, 72294, 72300, 72299, 72307,
-    72306, 72290, 72289, 72287, 72286, 72292, 72291, 72305, 72304, 72312,
-    72313, 72314, 72322, 72317, 72308, 72316, 72318, 72315, 72272, 72349,
-    72348, 72347, 72346, 72324, 72343, 72325, 72342, 72345, 72353, 72354,
-    72282, 72281, 72279, 72280, 72277, 72278, 72275, 72274, 72276, 72273,
-    72283, 8384, 983043, 983182, 983118, 983177, 127837, 128150, 10055,
-    10024, 32, 128586, 128264, 128263, 128265, 128266, 128483, 128676,
-    128172, 8375, 8738, 10656, 10657, 128375, 128376, 128467, 128466, 128026,
-    128166, 129525, 129348, 128051, 127941, 129533, 13279, 13058, 13057,
-    13059, 13056, 13250, 13171, 13278, 13101, 13172, 13108, 13105, 13118,
-    13116, 13251, 13192, 8851, 13255, 13183, 13213, 13220, 13216, 13254,
-    8852, 13252, 13253, 13170, 13092, 13175, 13177, 13176, 13093, 13094,
-    13256, 127376, 13207, 13064, 13179, 13181, 13182, 13055, 13180, 13005,
-    13063, 13006, 9974, 9165, 13209, 13070, 13071, 13311, 13075, 13073,
+    71089, 71096, 71098, 71107, 71106, 128411, 128410, 128417, 128416,
+    128409, 128408, 128415, 128414, 121399, 121397, 121400, 121398, 121402,
+    121401, 121104, 121103, 121102, 121388, 121387, 121386, 121482, 121479,
+    121358, 121359, 121357, 121360, 121341, 121335, 121339, 121340, 121336,
+    121334, 121333, 121338, 121337, 121342, 121368, 121367, 121373, 121356,
+    121355, 121354, 121380, 121382, 121381, 121384, 121383, 121385, 121377,
+    121379, 121378, 121375, 121376, 121374, 121371, 121369, 121366, 121370,
+    121372, 121364, 121365, 121452, 121392, 121352, 121353, 121351, 121499,
+    121500, 121501, 121502, 121503, 121470, 121117, 121115, 121119, 121118,
+    121116, 121456, 121363, 121362, 121361, 121480, 121455, 120965, 120837,
+    121000, 120969, 121027, 121026, 121076, 121074, 121075, 120995, 120991,
+    120990, 120982, 121005, 121011, 121044, 121042, 121043, 120950, 120833,
+    120847, 121002, 120859, 120863, 120997, 120967, 120845, 121019, 120839,
+    120993, 120980, 121038, 121045, 121031, 121009, 120934, 121046, 121047,
+    120905, 120936, 120937, 120935, 121065, 120941, 120834, 121068, 121069,
+    121024, 120915, 120916, 121040, 120940, 120944, 120946, 120942, 120945,
+    120947, 120943, 120949, 121020, 121039, 120948, 121091, 120832, 120838,
+    120861, 120843, 120852, 120870, 120844, 120846, 120848, 120865, 120853,
+    120856, 120885, 120877, 120878, 120879, 120884, 120857, 120882, 120854,
+    120855, 120858, 120883, 121001, 120871, 120850, 120867, 120966, 120972,
+    120971, 120849, 120862, 120895, 120894, 120872, 120873, 120893, 120875,
+    120874, 120866, 120864, 120996, 120842, 120891, 120890, 121067, 120892,
+    120887, 121064, 121066, 121063, 121060, 121061, 121062, 120899, 120881,
+    121052, 121059, 121057, 121054, 121055, 121056, 121058, 120851, 120869,
+    120868, 120841, 121018, 120974, 120977, 120976, 120975, 120985, 120986,
+    120983, 120992, 120988, 120984, 120978, 121032, 121037, 120897, 120896,
+    120898, 120889, 120888, 120886, 120880, 121035, 121030, 121033, 121028,
+    121036, 120860, 121003, 121012, 121014, 121013, 121007, 121016, 121008,
+    121015, 121006, 121077, 121083, 120876, 121084, 121085, 121078, 121090,
+    121087, 121079, 121080, 121081, 120840, 121086, 121088, 121089, 120979,
+    121082, 121092, 120906, 120922, 120908, 120919, 120920, 120921, 120914,
+    120910, 120912, 120900, 120903, 120904, 120902, 120901, 120924, 120909,
+    120911, 120913, 120926, 120930, 120931, 120932, 120929, 120933, 120928,
+    120925, 120927, 120923, 120957, 120917, 120907, 120836, 121051, 120968,
+    120973, 120998, 121072, 121053, 121073, 121070, 121071, 121025, 120970,
+    120994, 120989, 120987, 121029, 121041, 120955, 120961, 120956, 120959,
+    120999, 121004, 120964, 120960, 120963, 120962, 120958, 120939, 120938,
+    121023, 121021, 121022, 121050, 121048, 121049, 121034, 121017, 120951,
+    120918, 120981, 120953, 121010, 120954, 120952, 120835, 121451, 121343,
+    121349, 121347, 121348, 121346, 121345, 121350, 121344, 121462, 121463,
+    121464, 121465, 121466, 121467, 121468, 121469, 121428, 121429, 121427,
+    121476, 121473, 121477, 121475, 121474, 121478, 121472, 121471, 121404,
+    121405, 121403, 121430, 121409, 121411, 121410, 121406, 121408, 121407,
+    121421, 121423, 121422, 121415, 121416, 121417, 121418, 121419, 121420,
+    121414, 121413, 121412, 121424, 121425, 121426, 121432, 121431, 121183,
+    121184, 121182, 121181, 121187, 121188, 121186, 121185, 121175, 121176,
+    121174, 121173, 121179, 121180, 121178, 121177, 121324, 121321, 121323,
+    121320, 121322, 121319, 121210, 121209, 121208, 121203, 121207, 121305,
+    121272, 121271, 121287, 121286, 121303, 121304, 121302, 121301, 121206,
+    121205, 121204, 121198, 121332, 121331, 121129, 121276, 121274, 121275,
+    121273, 121288, 121289, 121291, 121290, 121306, 121280, 121278, 121279,
+    121277, 121295, 121293, 121294, 121292, 121307, 121314, 121191, 121192,
+    121190, 121189, 121193, 121202, 121201, 121200, 121199, 121282, 121281,
+    121297, 121296, 121308, 121309, 121310, 121328, 121327, 121194, 121196,
+    121197, 121195, 121216, 121215, 121214, 121213, 121212, 121211, 121449,
+    121125, 121126, 121121, 121122, 121123, 121124, 121127, 121318, 121316,
+    121317, 121315, 121156, 121155, 121154, 121146, 121145, 121144, 121150,
+    121149, 121148, 121147, 121230, 121231, 121229, 121228, 121261, 121254,
+    121247, 121233, 121232, 121226, 121227, 121225, 121224, 121249, 121248,
+    121153, 121152, 121151, 121139, 121135, 121137, 121138, 121136, 121330,
+    121329, 121128, 121236, 121262, 121255, 121235, 121234, 121237, 121240,
+    121239, 121263, 121256, 121238, 121162, 121161, 121160, 121132, 121133,
+    121131, 121130, 121134, 121253, 121142, 121143, 121141, 121140, 121243,
+    121242, 121241, 121246, 121245, 121244, 121270, 121269, 121268, 121264,
+    121257, 121326, 121325, 121159, 121158, 121157, 121448, 121394, 121393,
+    121395, 121396, 121450, 121513, 121514, 121515, 121516, 121517, 121518,
+    121519, 121505, 121506, 121507, 121508, 121509, 121510, 121511, 121512,
+    121312, 121284, 121299, 121311, 121283, 121298, 121313, 121285, 121300,
+    121267, 121260, 121252, 121251, 121266, 121259, 121250, 121265, 121258,
+    121107, 121106, 121105, 121454, 121453, 121457, 121120, 121112, 121110,
+    121114, 121113, 121111, 121108, 121109, 121101, 121100, 121099, 121481,
+    121441, 121445, 121446, 121443, 121444, 121442, 121447, 121390, 121389,
+    121391, 121440, 121439, 121437, 121435, 121436, 121434, 121433, 121438,
+    121459, 121458, 121460, 121095, 121094, 121093, 121219, 121218, 121217,
+    121222, 121221, 121220, 121223, 121172, 121171, 121170, 121168, 121167,
+    121166, 121165, 121164, 121163, 121169, 121098, 121097, 121096, 121461,
+    121483, 129304, 10912, 10911, 10910, 10909, 10860, 983185, 983183, 8219,
+    8249, 8218, 8250, 983158, 983155, 983156, 983159, 70117, 70116, 70119,
+    70118, 70115, 70114, 70121, 70113, 70120, 70131, 70132, 70129, 70126,
+    70125, 70130, 70128, 70127, 70124, 70123, 70122, 983953, 983954, 983952,
+    3464, 3463, 3495, 3501, 3497, 3503, 3510, 3488, 3484, 3490, 3482, 3508,
+    3513, 3462, 3475, 3478, 3461, 3474, 3473, 3472, 3471, 3470, 3469, 3466,
+    3465, 3468, 3467, 3496, 3502, 3498, 3504, 3511, 3489, 3485, 3491, 3483,
+    3509, 3512, 3525, 3499, 3522, 3517, 3505, 3523, 3477, 3476, 3500, 3507,
+    3487, 3494, 3526, 3524, 3515, 3520, 3514, 3492, 3493, 3521, 3486, 3563,
+    3562, 3565, 3564, 3561, 3560, 3558, 3567, 3559, 3566, 3530, 3458, 3457,
+    3459, 3570, 3571, 3546, 3537, 3539, 3542, 3544, 3551, 3536, 3538, 3540,
+    3545, 3548, 3549, 3550, 3547, 3535, 3572, 8767, 10046, 128973, 10038,
+    128303, 8198, 10042, 128510, 127935, 9975, 128128, 9760, 129448, 128761,
+    10902, 10904, 10901, 10903, 11098, 11100, 42611, 128716, 128164, 128564,
+    128554, 128373, 128759, 127829, 128578, 128577, 10840, 10839, 9011,
+    127920, 129445, 65120, 128745, 65121, 128313, 128312, 8717, 8956, 8958,
+    65131, 65104, 65109, 65129, 8714, 8948, 8951, 65126, 65111, 65112, 65105,
+    65115, 65113, 65117, 65124, 65116, 65114, 65118, 8570, 8567, 8564, 8574,
+    8572, 8563, 8560, 8573, 8575, 8571, 8561, 8562, 8569, 8566, 8565, 8568,
+    65128, 65108, 68411, 732, 118266, 10849, 65125, 65123, 65130, 65122,
+    65119, 65106, 65110, 10922, 10924, 10803, 128571, 128570, 128525, 128520,
+    128519, 128515, 128517, 128516, 128518, 128522, 129325, 129392, 128526,
+    129394, 8995, 128527, 128684, 128012, 128013, 129319, 127956, 9731, 9924,
+    127938, 10052, 983077, 9917, 129510, 173, 127846, 128428, 9108, 129358,
+    69453, 69452, 69454, 69456, 69447, 69449, 69446, 69448, 69455, 69451,
+    69450, 69445, 69424, 69437, 69426, 69433, 69444, 69440, 69429, 69436,
+    69439, 69441, 69431, 69427, 69430, 69432, 69425, 69443, 69435, 69442,
+    69428, 69438, 69434, 69457, 69460, 69459, 69458, 69463, 69465, 69461,
+    69462, 69464, 128618, 128619, 47, 10742, 128284, 69859, 69863, 69864,
+    69846, 69847, 69857, 69849, 69842, 69843, 69844, 69845, 69854, 69856,
+    69855, 69848, 69851, 69853, 69840, 69841, 69850, 69852, 69858, 69860,
+    69862, 69861, 69877, 69876, 69879, 69878, 69875, 69874, 69872, 69881,
+    69873, 69880, 8600, 10537, 10541, 8690, 10533, 129210, 128603, 128595,
+    128611, 11112, 11128, 11018, 8664, 129110, 11010, 8601, 10538, 10534,
+    129211, 128601, 128593, 128609, 11113, 11129, 11019, 8665, 129111, 11011,
+    8471, 72328, 72329, 72327, 72326, 72340, 72339, 72334, 72332, 72341,
+    72335, 72333, 72330, 72331, 72338, 72336, 72337, 72352, 72351, 72350,
+    72297, 72296, 72302, 72311, 72301, 72323, 72285, 72284, 72288, 72298,
+    72293, 72303, 72319, 72320, 72321, 72310, 72309, 72295, 72294, 72300,
+    72299, 72307, 72306, 72290, 72289, 72287, 72286, 72292, 72291, 72305,
+    72304, 72312, 72313, 72314, 72322, 72317, 72308, 72316, 72318, 72315,
+    72272, 72349, 72348, 72347, 72346, 72324, 72343, 72325, 72342, 72345,
+    72353, 72354, 72282, 72281, 72279, 72280, 72277, 72278, 72275, 72274,
+    72276, 72273, 72283, 72344, 8384, 983043, 983182, 983118, 983177, 127837,
+    128150, 10055, 10024, 117824, 117825, 32, 128586, 128264, 128263, 128265,
+    128266, 128483, 128676, 128172, 8375, 117830, 117831, 8738, 10656, 10657,
+    128375, 128376, 128467, 128466, 128026, 128166, 129759, 129525, 129348,
+    128051, 127941, 129533, 13279, 117900, 13056, 13058, 13057, 13059, 13250,
+    13171, 13278, 13101, 13172, 13108, 13105, 13118, 13116, 13251, 13192,
+    8851, 13255, 13183, 13213, 13220, 13216, 13254, 8852, 13252, 13253,
+    13170, 13092, 13175, 13177, 13176, 13093, 13094, 13256, 127376, 13207,
+    13064, 13179, 13181, 13182, 13055, 13180, 13005, 13063, 13006, 117899,
+    117898, 117897, 9974, 9165, 13209, 13070, 13071, 13311, 13075, 13073,
     13072, 13080, 13081, 13203, 13228, 13191, 13257, 13258, 13098, 13110,
     13113, 13121, 13122, 13119, 13107, 13106, 13109, 13259, 13169, 127488,
-    13004, 13200, 13260, 13060, 13061, 8847, 8932, 8849, 13178, 13188, 13067,
-    13069, 13068, 13074, 13076, 13078, 13079, 13077, 13214, 13262, 13222,
+    13004, 13200, 13260, 13060, 13061, 8847, 8932, 8849, 13178, 13188, 13069,
+    13068, 13067, 13074, 13076, 13078, 13079, 13077, 13214, 13262, 13222,
     13218, 13086, 13085, 13082, 13083, 13084, 13201, 13193, 13248, 13226,
     13189, 13199, 13261, 13208, 13263, 13240, 13246, 8977, 13266, 10957,
     13264, 13265, 13267, 13223, 13224, 13249, 13221, 13217, 13187, 13123,
@@ -11817,28 +12606,29 @@ static const unsigned int dawg_pos_to_codepoint[] = {
     13184, 13115, 13112, 13114, 13111, 13103, 13104, 13102, 13117, 13120,
     11216, 13273, 13174, 13194, 13271, 13272, 13274, 13232, 13236, 13242,
     13229, 13230, 13231, 13142, 13141, 10958, 13137, 13138, 13140, 13139,
-    8730, 13087, 13088, 13090, 13091, 13089, 13275, 13276, 128918, 13204,
-    13095, 13143, 11027, 9641, 9638, 9636, 11029, 9706, 9703, 11026, 9705,
-    9639, 11028, 9640, 9637, 9704, 10720, 13277, 13135, 13134, 13136, 13062,
-    127529, 127530, 127512, 127508, 127533, 127545, 127520, 127516, 127534,
-    127506, 127540, 127525, 127546, 127532, 127511, 127509, 127524, 127505,
-    127517, 127518, 127527, 127537, 127504, 127528, 127535, 127519, 127515,
-    127513, 127543, 127542, 127526, 127541, 127544, 127522, 127538, 127514,
-    127521, 127539, 127510, 127536, 127523, 127547, 127531, 127378, 127377,
-    8865, 10693, 11820, 127390, 127392, 127379, 10692, 127400, 127399,
-    127398, 127306, 127489, 127507, 127490, 9919, 127397, 127280, 127281,
-    127282, 127283, 127284, 127285, 127286, 127287, 127288, 127289, 127290,
-    127291, 127292, 127293, 127294, 127295, 127296, 127297, 127298, 127299,
-    127300, 127301, 127302, 127303, 127304, 127305, 10190, 10191, 127401,
-    8863, 127307, 127381, 127382, 127396, 127383, 127310, 8862, 127388,
-    127393, 127402, 127395, 9949, 10695, 10696, 127384, 127308, 127309,
-    127387, 127394, 127389, 8864, 127391, 127385, 127403, 127404, 127386,
-    10694, 127311, 127380, 10151, 129425, 983157, 983160, 983134, 983190,
-    9877, 9882, 128387, 129485, 8795, 10017, 8902, 9770, 11242, 11243,
-    983175, 983133, 983181, 983176, 983042, 983044, 128509, 128649, 127967,
-    128642, 127836, 11836, 129658, 129989, 129990, 129993, 129991, 129992,
-    128480, 9201, 128207, 9188, 127827, 10025, 983189, 8803, 127897, 129369,
-    128723, 983170, 983045, 983103, 8332, 8328, 8330, 8331, 8333, 8334, 8325,
+    8730, 13087, 13088, 13090, 13091, 117887, 117886, 117884, 117885, 13089,
+    13275, 13276, 128918, 13204, 13095, 13143, 11027, 9641, 9638, 9636,
+    11029, 9706, 9703, 11026, 9705, 9639, 11028, 9640, 9637, 9704, 10720,
+    13277, 13135, 13134, 13136, 13062, 127529, 127530, 127512, 127508,
+    127533, 127545, 127520, 127516, 127534, 127506, 127540, 127525, 127546,
+    127532, 127511, 127509, 127524, 127505, 127517, 127518, 127527, 127537,
+    127504, 127528, 127535, 127519, 127515, 127513, 127543, 127542, 127526,
+    127541, 127544, 127522, 127538, 127514, 127521, 127539, 127510, 127536,
+    127523, 127547, 127531, 127378, 127377, 8865, 10693, 11820, 127390,
+    127392, 127379, 10692, 127400, 127399, 127398, 127306, 127489, 127507,
+    127490, 9919, 127397, 127280, 127281, 127282, 127283, 127284, 127285,
+    127286, 127287, 127288, 127289, 127290, 127291, 127292, 127293, 127294,
+    127295, 127296, 127297, 127298, 127299, 127300, 127301, 127302, 127303,
+    127304, 127305, 10190, 10191, 127401, 8863, 127307, 127381, 127382,
+    127396, 127383, 127310, 8862, 127388, 127393, 127402, 127395, 9949,
+    10695, 10696, 127384, 127308, 127309, 127387, 127394, 127389, 8864,
+    127391, 127385, 127403, 127404, 127386, 10694, 127311, 127380, 10151,
+    129425, 983157, 983160, 983134, 983190, 9877, 9882, 128387, 8795, 10017,
+    8902, 9770, 11242, 11243, 983175, 983133, 983181, 983176, 983042, 983044,
+    128509, 128649, 129485, 127967, 128642, 127836, 11836, 129658, 129989,
+    129990, 129993, 129991, 129992, 128480, 9201, 128207, 9188, 127827,
+    10025, 983189, 117891, 117888, 117890, 117889, 8803, 127897, 129369,
+    128723, 983170, 983045, 983103, 8333, 8332, 8328, 8330, 8334, 8331, 8325,
     8324, 8327, 8326, 8323, 8322, 8320, 8329, 8321, 10963, 10965, 10617,
     8834, 10953, 10949, 10951, 10955, 8842, 8838, 10947, 10943, 10945, 10941,
     983102, 8827, 10938, 10934, 10928, 10930, 10936, 10932, 8937, 8831, 8829,
@@ -11849,406 +12639,433 @@ static const unsigned int dawg_pos_to_codepoint[] = {
     7056, 7044, 7047, 7045, 7367, 7366, 7365, 7364, 7363, 7361, 7362, 7360,
     7082, 7041, 7042, 7040, 7083, 7080, 7081, 7079, 7077, 7076, 7078, 7093,
     7092, 7095, 7094, 7091, 7090, 7088, 7097, 7089, 7096, 127749, 127748,
-    127751, 127803, 8316, 8312, 8305, 8319, 8317, 8314, 8315, 8318, 8309,
-    8308, 8311, 8310, 179, 178, 8304, 8313, 185, 10966, 10964, 10619, 10968,
-    10967, 8835, 10954, 10950, 10952, 10956, 8843, 8839, 10948, 10944, 10946,
-    10942, 10185, 129464, 129465, 8751, 127940, 128671, 127843, 128629,
-    129442, 127946, 8275, 43027, 43026, 43031, 43030, 43040, 43038, 43025,
-    43024, 43029, 43028, 43036, 43035, 43021, 43020, 43018, 43017, 43023,
-    43022, 43016, 43015, 43034, 43033, 43042, 43039, 43037, 43032, 43041,
-    43008, 43012, 43009, 43013, 43011, 43048, 43049, 43050, 43051, 43052,
-    43019, 43014, 43010, 43047, 43043, 43046, 43044, 43045, 9223, 9224, 9229,
-    9240, 9232, 9236, 9235, 9234, 9233, 9249, 9253, 9241, 9220, 9239, 9219,
-    9221, 9243, 9244, 9228, 9225, 9227, 9226, 128325, 9237, 9252, 9216, 9222,
-    9246, 9245, 9247, 8527, 9230, 9231, 9217, 9218, 9242, 9254, 9238, 9248,
-    11159, 9007, 983094, 983093, 128333, 1807, 1866, 1802, 1798, 1799, 1849,
-    1848, 1792, 1854, 1853, 1805, 1804, 1803, 1852, 1851, 1850, 1797, 1814,
-    1813, 1815, 1818, 1824, 2153, 2152, 2149, 2148, 2144, 2146, 2150, 2147,
-    2154, 2145, 2151, 1825, 1830, 1837, 1839, 1838, 1831, 1834, 1827, 1869,
-    1870, 1871, 1809, 1835, 1832, 1828, 1808, 1823, 1833, 1819, 1820, 1836,
-    1811, 1812, 1821, 1822, 1810, 1817, 1826, 1816, 1829, 1864, 1863, 1842,
-    1841, 1840, 1845, 1844, 1843, 1847, 1846, 1855, 1858, 1796, 983204, 1801,
-    1794, 1795, 1800, 1793, 1862, 1861, 1860, 1859, 1865, 1856, 1857, 128137,
-    983184, 128085, 129430, 983061, 127955, 917543, 917542, 917546, 917598,
-    917568, 917548, 917562, 917540, 917557, 917556, 917559, 917558, 917555,
-    917554, 917552, 917561, 917553, 917560, 917565, 917537, 917600, 917566,
-    917549, 917569, 917570, 917571, 917572, 917573, 917574, 917575, 917576,
-    917577, 917578, 917579, 917580, 917581, 917582, 917583, 917584, 917585,
-    917586, 917587, 917588, 917589, 917590, 917591, 917592, 917593, 917594,
-    917601, 917602, 917603, 917604, 917605, 917606, 917607, 917608, 917609,
-    917610, 917611, 917612, 917613, 917614, 917615, 917616, 917617, 917618,
-    917619, 917620, 917621, 917622, 917623, 917624, 917625, 917626, 917564,
-    917627, 917544, 917595, 917599, 917541, 917547, 917538, 917567, 917629,
-    917545, 917597, 917596, 917563, 917551, 917536, 917539, 917630, 917550,
-    917628, 5888, 5919, 5893, 5896, 5898, 5895, 5892, 5905, 5891, 5902, 5899,
-    5897, 5901, 5904, 5894, 5903, 5900, 5889, 5890, 5909, 5908, 5906, 5907,
-    5989, 5992, 5994, 5991, 5988, 5987, 5998, 5995, 5993, 6000, 5990, 5999,
-    5996, 5984, 5985, 5986, 6002, 6003, 6499, 6508, 6509, 6507, 6501, 6502,
-    6512, 6513, 6514, 6515, 6516, 6497, 6483, 6487, 6486, 6482, 6498, 6505,
-    6504, 6496, 6480, 6490, 6489, 6503, 6506, 6492, 6494, 6488, 6491, 6495,
-    6484, 6493, 6481, 6485, 6500, 6745, 6746, 6743, 6747, 6742, 6741, 6748,
-    6749, 6750, 6783, 6789, 6788, 6791, 6790, 6787, 6786, 6784, 6793, 6785,
-    6792, 6805, 6804, 6807, 6806, 6803, 6802, 6800, 6809, 6801, 6808, 6740,
-    6689, 6690, 6688, 6702, 6726, 6727, 6728, 6696, 6695, 6713, 6712, 6707,
-    6706, 6714, 6729, 6720, 6693, 6692, 6691, 6704, 6699, 6697, 6717, 6715,
-    6709, 6708, 6716, 6732, 6698, 6719, 6723, 6739, 6724, 6730, 6721, 6705,
-    6701, 6722, 6735, 6736, 6733, 6734, 6694, 6700, 6710, 6738, 6737, 6711,
-    6703, 6718, 6725, 6731, 6828, 6820, 6775, 6776, 6777, 6780, 6824, 6825,
-    6819, 6772, 6744, 6823, 6779, 6778, 6822, 6826, 6827, 6818, 6752, 6816,
-    6817, 6773, 6774, 6821, 6829, 6753, 6755, 6767, 6769, 6754, 6763, 6764,
-    6771, 6768, 6765, 6756, 6770, 6761, 6762, 6760, 6759, 6757, 6758, 6766,
-    43653, 43651, 43649, 43661, 43659, 43679, 43677, 43671, 43669, 43657,
-    43665, 43673, 43675, 43667, 43681, 43655, 43693, 43689, 43683, 43687,
-    43663, 43691, 43685, 43695, 43652, 43650, 43648, 43660, 43658, 43678,
-    43676, 43670, 43668, 43656, 43664, 43672, 43674, 43666, 43680, 43654,
-    43692, 43688, 43682, 43686, 43662, 43690, 43684, 43694, 43696, 43703,
-    43743, 43739, 43740, 43742, 43741, 43712, 43713, 43714, 43711, 43707,
-    43697, 43710, 43709, 43708, 43700, 43699, 43705, 43706, 43698, 43704,
-    43701, 43702, 71353, 71296, 71352, 71297, 71303, 71305, 71338, 71332,
-    71319, 71318, 71324, 71323, 71317, 71316, 71322, 71321, 71300, 71301,
-    71298, 71299, 71310, 71320, 71315, 71325, 71329, 71328, 71312, 71311,
-    71309, 71308, 71314, 71313, 71307, 71306, 71327, 71326, 71335, 71336,
-    71337, 71333, 71330, 71334, 71331, 71302, 71304, 71351, 71339, 71350,
-    71340, 71341, 71347, 71349, 71344, 71345, 71342, 71343, 71346, 71348,
-    71365, 71364, 71367, 71366, 71363, 71362, 71360, 71369, 71361, 71368,
-    129377, 119672, 119671, 3064, 3031, 73707, 983662, 983685, 983674,
-    983677, 983676, 983669, 983667, 983679, 983663, 983665, 983668, 983666,
-    983683, 983681, 983682, 983673, 983678, 983664, 983684, 983680, 983671,
-    983670, 983675, 983672, 73706, 3063, 73701, 3062, 3059, 3051, 3050, 3053,
-    3052, 3049, 3048, 3046, 3055, 3047, 3054, 73700, 73666, 73676, 73668,
-    73679, 73681, 73682, 73665, 73673, 73674, 73667, 73664, 73669, 73672,
-    73675, 73680, 73670, 73678, 73671, 73677, 73683, 73684, 73710, 2985,
-    2979, 2969, 2974, 2984, 2975, 2980, 2996, 2995, 2994, 2993, 2992, 2949,
-    2950, 2960, 2964, 2953, 2954, 2962, 2963, 2951, 2952, 2998, 2999, 3000,
-    2958, 2959, 2970, 3001, 2972, 2965, 2990, 2986, 2997, 2991, 73702, 3057,
-    3058, 3056, 3066, 73727, 3065, 73703, 73687, 2946, 73686, 73698, 73690,
-    73693, 73692, 73712, 73689, 73688, 73691, 73697, 73694, 73695, 73696,
-    73713, 73699, 3021, 2947, 73685, 73708, 73711, 983939, 983940, 983947,
-    983950, 983943, 983944, 983948, 983949, 983941, 983942, 983945, 983946,
-    983686, 983693, 983696, 983689, 983690, 983694, 983695, 983687, 983688,
-    983691, 983692, 983840, 983847, 983850, 983843, 983844, 983848, 983849,
-    983841, 983842, 983845, 983846, 983851, 983858, 983861, 983854, 983855,
-    983859, 983860, 983852, 983853, 983856, 983857, 983818, 983825, 983828,
-    983821, 983822, 983826, 983827, 983819, 983820, 983823, 983824, 983873,
-    983880, 983883, 983876, 983877, 983881, 983882, 983874, 983875, 983878,
-    983879, 983741, 983748, 983751, 983744, 983745, 983749, 983750, 983742,
-    983743, 983746, 983747, 983697, 983704, 983707, 983700, 983701, 983705,
-    983706, 983698, 983699, 983702, 983703, 983719, 983726, 983729, 983722,
-    983723, 983727, 983728, 983720, 983721, 983724, 983725, 983763, 983770,
-    983773, 983766, 983767, 983771, 983772, 983764, 983765, 983768, 983769,
-    983862, 983869, 983872, 983865, 983866, 983870, 983871, 983863, 983864,
-    983867, 983868, 983807, 983814, 983817, 983810, 983811, 983815, 983816,
-    983808, 983809, 983812, 983813, 983895, 983902, 983905, 983898, 983899,
-    983903, 983904, 983951, 983896, 983897, 983900, 983901, 983906, 983913,
-    983916, 983909, 983910, 983914, 983915, 983907, 983908, 983911, 983912,
-    983917, 983924, 983927, 983920, 983921, 983925, 983926, 983918, 983919,
-    983922, 983923, 983730, 983737, 983740, 983733, 983734, 983738, 983739,
-    983731, 983732, 983735, 983736, 983752, 983759, 983762, 983755, 983756,
-    983760, 983761, 983753, 983754, 983757, 983758, 983708, 983715, 983718,
-    983711, 983712, 983716, 983717, 983709, 983710, 983713, 983714, 983928,
-    983935, 983938, 983931, 983932, 983936, 983937, 983929, 983930, 983933,
-    983934, 983884, 983891, 983894, 983887, 983888, 983892, 983893, 983885,
-    983886, 983889, 983890, 983785, 983792, 983795, 983788, 983789, 983793,
-    983794, 983786, 983787, 983790, 983791, 983774, 983781, 983784, 983777,
-    983778, 983782, 983783, 983775, 983776, 983779, 983780, 983829, 983836,
-    983839, 983832, 983833, 983837, 983838, 983830, 983831, 983834, 983835,
-    983796, 983803, 983806, 983799, 983800, 983804, 983805, 983797, 983798,
-    983801, 983802, 3006, 3016, 3020, 3009, 3010, 3018, 3019, 3007, 3008,
-    3014, 3015, 73709, 73704, 73705, 3061, 3060, 3024, 129748, 127883,
-    127818, 92809, 92810, 92811, 92808, 92789, 92790, 92791, 92788, 92816,
-    92859, 92856, 92847, 92845, 92817, 92846, 92843, 92829, 92830, 92831,
-    92828, 92835, 92851, 92840, 92844, 92818, 92819, 92852, 92836, 92825,
-    92826, 92827, 92824, 92813, 92814, 92815, 92812, 92820, 92822, 92823,
-    92821, 92805, 92806, 92807, 92804, 92797, 92798, 92799, 92796, 92801,
-    92802, 92803, 92800, 92785, 92786, 92787, 92784, 92793, 92794, 92795,
-    92792, 92857, 92854, 92848, 92861, 92853, 92860, 92849, 92855, 92834,
-    92833, 92832, 92841, 92839, 92842, 92850, 92838, 92858, 92837, 92862,
-    92869, 92868, 92871, 92870, 92867, 92866, 92864, 92873, 92865, 92872,
-    100352, 100353, 100354, 100355, 100356, 100357, 100358, 100359, 100360,
-    100361, 100362, 100363, 100364, 100365, 100366, 100367, 100368, 100369,
-    100370, 100371, 100372, 100373, 100374, 100375, 100376, 100377, 100378,
-    100379, 100380, 100381, 100382, 100383, 100384, 100385, 100386, 100387,
-    100388, 100389, 100390, 100391, 100392, 100393, 100394, 100395, 100396,
-    100397, 100398, 100399, 100400, 100401, 100402, 100403, 100404, 100405,
-    100406, 100407, 100408, 100409, 100410, 100411, 100412, 100413, 100414,
-    100415, 100416, 100417, 100418, 100419, 100420, 100421, 100422, 100423,
-    100424, 100425, 100426, 100427, 100428, 100429, 100430, 100431, 100432,
-    100433, 100434, 100435, 100436, 100437, 100438, 100439, 100440, 100441,
-    100442, 100443, 100444, 100445, 100446, 100447, 100448, 100449, 100450,
-    100451, 100452, 100453, 100454, 100455, 100456, 100457, 100458, 100459,
-    100460, 100461, 100462, 100463, 100464, 100465, 100466, 100467, 100468,
-    100469, 100470, 100471, 100472, 100473, 100474, 100475, 100476, 100477,
-    100478, 100479, 100480, 100481, 100482, 100483, 100484, 100485, 100486,
-    100487, 100488, 100489, 100490, 100491, 100492, 100493, 100494, 100495,
-    100496, 100497, 100498, 100499, 100500, 100501, 100502, 100503, 100504,
-    100505, 100506, 100507, 100508, 100509, 100510, 100511, 100512, 100513,
-    100514, 100515, 100516, 100517, 100518, 100519, 100520, 100521, 100522,
-    100523, 100524, 100525, 100526, 100527, 100528, 100529, 100530, 100531,
-    100532, 100533, 100534, 100535, 100536, 100537, 100538, 100539, 100540,
-    100541, 100542, 100543, 100544, 100545, 100546, 100547, 100548, 100549,
-    100550, 100551, 100552, 100553, 100554, 100555, 100556, 100557, 100558,
-    100559, 100560, 100561, 100562, 100563, 100564, 100565, 100566, 100567,
-    100568, 100569, 100570, 100571, 100572, 100573, 100574, 100575, 100576,
-    100577, 100578, 100579, 100580, 100581, 100582, 100583, 100584, 100585,
-    100586, 100587, 100588, 100589, 100590, 100591, 100592, 100593, 100594,
-    100595, 100596, 100597, 100598, 100599, 100600, 100601, 100602, 100603,
-    100604, 100605, 100606, 100607, 100608, 100609, 100610, 100611, 100612,
-    100613, 100614, 100615, 100616, 100617, 100618, 100619, 100620, 100621,
-    100622, 100623, 100624, 100625, 100626, 100627, 100628, 100629, 100630,
-    100631, 100632, 100633, 100634, 100635, 100636, 100637, 100638, 100639,
-    100640, 100641, 100642, 100643, 100644, 100645, 100646, 100647, 100648,
-    100649, 100650, 100651, 100652, 100653, 100654, 100655, 100656, 100657,
-    100658, 100659, 100660, 100661, 100662, 100663, 100664, 100665, 100666,
-    100667, 100668, 100669, 100670, 100671, 100672, 100673, 100674, 100675,
-    100676, 100677, 100678, 100679, 100680, 100681, 100682, 100683, 100684,
-    100685, 100686, 100687, 100688, 100689, 100690, 100691, 100692, 100693,
-    100694, 100695, 100696, 100697, 100698, 100699, 100700, 100701, 100702,
-    100703, 100704, 100705, 100706, 100707, 100708, 100709, 100710, 100711,
-    100712, 100713, 100714, 100715, 100716, 100717, 100718, 100719, 100720,
-    100721, 100722, 100723, 100724, 100725, 100726, 100727, 100728, 100729,
-    100730, 100731, 100732, 100733, 100734, 100735, 100736, 100737, 100738,
-    100739, 100740, 100741, 100742, 100743, 100744, 100745, 100746, 100747,
-    100748, 100749, 100750, 100751, 100752, 100753, 100754, 100755, 100756,
-    100757, 100758, 100759, 100760, 100761, 100762, 100763, 100764, 100765,
-    100766, 100767, 100768, 100769, 100770, 100771, 100772, 100773, 100774,
-    100775, 100776, 100777, 100778, 100779, 100780, 100781, 100782, 100783,
-    100784, 100785, 100786, 100787, 100788, 100789, 100790, 100791, 100792,
-    100793, 100794, 100795, 100796, 100797, 100798, 100799, 100800, 100801,
-    100802, 100803, 100804, 100805, 100806, 100807, 100808, 100809, 100810,
-    100811, 100812, 100813, 100814, 100815, 100816, 100817, 100818, 100819,
-    100820, 100821, 100822, 100823, 100824, 100825, 100826, 100827, 100828,
-    100829, 100830, 100831, 100832, 100833, 100834, 100835, 100836, 100837,
-    100838, 100839, 100840, 100841, 100842, 100843, 100844, 100845, 100846,
-    100847, 100848, 100849, 100850, 100851, 100852, 100853, 100854, 100855,
-    100856, 100857, 100858, 100859, 100860, 100861, 100862, 100863, 100864,
-    100865, 100866, 100867, 100868, 100869, 100870, 100871, 100872, 100873,
-    100874, 100875, 100876, 100877, 100878, 100879, 100880, 100881, 100882,
-    100883, 100884, 100885, 100886, 100887, 100888, 100889, 100890, 100891,
-    100892, 100893, 100894, 100895, 100896, 100897, 100898, 100899, 100900,
-    100901, 100902, 100903, 100904, 100905, 100906, 100907, 100908, 100909,
-    100910, 100911, 100912, 100913, 100914, 100915, 100916, 100917, 100918,
-    100919, 100920, 100921, 100922, 100923, 100924, 100925, 100926, 100927,
-    100928, 100929, 100930, 100931, 100932, 100933, 100934, 100935, 100936,
-    100937, 100938, 100939, 100940, 100941, 100942, 100943, 100944, 100945,
-    100946, 100947, 100948, 100949, 100950, 100951, 100952, 100953, 100954,
-    100955, 100956, 100957, 100958, 100959, 100960, 100961, 100962, 100963,
-    100964, 100965, 100966, 100967, 100968, 100969, 100970, 100971, 100972,
-    100973, 100974, 100975, 100976, 100977, 100978, 100979, 100980, 100981,
-    100982, 100983, 100984, 100985, 100986, 100987, 100988, 100989, 100990,
-    100991, 100992, 100993, 100994, 100995, 100996, 100997, 100998, 100999,
-    101000, 101001, 101002, 101003, 101004, 101005, 101006, 101007, 101008,
-    101009, 101010, 101011, 101012, 101013, 101014, 101015, 101016, 101017,
-    101018, 101019, 101020, 101021, 101022, 101023, 101024, 101025, 101026,
-    101027, 101028, 101029, 101030, 101031, 101032, 101033, 101034, 101035,
-    101036, 101037, 101038, 101039, 101040, 101041, 101042, 101043, 101044,
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+    100985, 100986, 100987, 100988, 100989, 100990, 100991, 100992, 100993,
+    100994, 100995, 100996, 100997, 100998, 100999, 101000, 101001, 101002,
+    101003, 101004, 101005, 101006, 101007, 101008, 101009, 101010, 101011,
+    101012, 101013, 101014, 101015, 101016, 101017, 101018, 101019, 101020,
+    101021, 101022, 101023, 101024, 101025, 101026, 101027, 101028, 101029,
+    101030, 101031, 101032, 101033, 101034, 101035, 101036, 101037, 101038,
+    101039, 101040, 101041, 101042, 101043, 101044, 101045, 101046, 101047,
+    101048, 101049, 101050, 101051, 101052, 101053, 101054, 101055, 101056,
+    101057, 101058, 101059, 101060, 101061, 101062, 101063, 101064, 101065,
+    101066, 101067, 101068, 101069, 101070, 101071, 101072, 101073, 101074,
+    101075, 101076, 101077, 101078, 101079, 101080, 101081, 101082, 101083,
+    101084, 101085, 101086, 101087, 101088, 101089, 101090, 101091, 101092,
+    101093, 101094, 101095, 101096, 101097, 101098, 101099, 101100, 101101,
+    101102, 101103, 101104, 101105, 101106, 101107, 101108, 101109, 101110,
+    101111, 101112, 101113, 101114, 101115, 101116, 101117, 101118, 101119,
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+    129750, 129528, 128222, 128380, 8981, 9990, 8481, 128384, 128301, 128250,
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+    3160, 3108, 3077, 3078, 3088, 3092, 3124, 3123, 3122, 3083, 3168, 3084,
+    3169, 3125, 3081, 3082, 3090, 3091, 3079, 3080, 3126, 3127, 3128, 3117,
+    3116, 3099, 3098, 3096, 3095, 3101, 3100, 3094, 3093, 3115, 3114, 3086,
+    3087, 3129, 3118, 3119, 3157, 3076, 3072, 3073, 3191, 3199, 3132, 3133,
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+    3146, 3147, 3135, 3136, 3142, 3143, 3179, 3178, 3181, 3180, 3177, 3176,
+    3174, 3183, 3175, 3182, 127934, 8376, 9978, 129514, 119617, 119564,
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+    1961, 1965, 1927, 1954, 1951, 1937, 1931, 1930, 1956, 1934, 1935, 1955,
+    1945, 1920, 1926, 1946, 1933, 1925, 1929, 1943, 1942, 1941, 1922, 1969,
+    1950, 1949, 1921, 1936, 1939, 1932, 1947, 1944, 1952, 1928, 1957, 1938,
+    1948, 1953, 1924, 1923, 1940, 1967, 1966, 1963, 1960, 1962, 1968, 3610,
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+    70594, 127799, 8378, 129411, 8523, 10658, 11202, 9930, 9929, 8498, 11826,
     11832, 8587, 8586, 128598, 128596, 8985, 128399, 8513, 8514, 8516, 11829,
-    8526, 128599, 128597, 8489, 128034, 129347, 127799, 10041, 128256, 8273,
-    128432, 10869, 8229, 8282, 11818, 128149, 10837, 10838, 10697, 10760,
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+    128109, 117896, 8273, 128490, 11834, 66432, 66451, 66454, 66433, 66436,
     66447, 66457, 66434, 66437, 66440, 66443, 66435, 66445, 66455, 66453,
     66450, 66444, 66461, 66456, 66441, 66458, 66442, 66439, 66449, 66448,
     66452, 66438, 66446, 66459, 66460, 66463, 9730, 9969, 9748, 128530,
     11217, 8255, 9100, 8746, 10824, 10822, 10826, 10817, 10818, 10821,
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+    983116, 11258, 9842, 129412, 9903, 8963, 8996, 11193, 10685, 10577,
     10573, 10572, 10575, 8597, 8616, 11021, 8661, 129113, 8691, 11109, 10622,
-    8944, 8869, 10207, 128742, 128744, 128316, 128743, 128314, 9709, 9710,
-    129898, 129946, 129920, 129896, 9985, 129924, 9600, 129937, 129938, 9690,
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-    129884, 129882, 129879, 129880, 10196, 129944, 129948, 9720, 9136, 9692,
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-    129891, 129876, 129895, 129877, 10064, 9137, 10000, 9693, 128319, 10066,
-    129945, 129949, 9721, 129926, 129923, 129925, 129901, 128579, 11797,
-    8593, 129976, 8645, 8670, 129033, 129029, 129177, 129041, 129025, 129045,
-    8624, 8625, 10505, 8613, 10514, 11145, 11014, 8657, 8673, 129077, 10606,
-    10595, 10592, 10584, 8639, 10588, 10580, 8638, 129089, 129093, 129085,
-    10224, 128621, 129105, 129081, 11105, 11137, 11121, 129065, 11170, 11171,
-    129061, 129057, 129073, 129069, 11131, 11115, 11141, 129169, 10506, 8607,
-    11245, 10569, 8648, 8679, 8682, 11192, 8683, 8684, 8685, 129173, 8686,
-    8687, 9797, 983117, 42509, 42510, 42511, 42446, 42370, 42486, 42257,
-    42333, 42294, 42407, 42445, 42369, 42485, 42256, 42332, 42293, 42406,
-    42449, 42373, 42489, 42260, 42336, 42297, 42410, 42434, 42359, 42473,
-    42246, 42321, 42283, 42396, 42435, 42360, 42474, 42247, 42322, 42284,
-    42397, 42452, 42376, 42492, 42263, 42339, 42300, 42413, 42451, 42375,
-    42491, 42262, 42338, 42299, 42412, 42444, 42368, 42484, 42255, 42331,
-    42292, 42405, 42443, 42367, 42483, 42254, 42330, 42291, 42404, 42454,
-    42378, 42494, 42265, 42341, 42302, 42415, 42453, 42377, 42493, 42264,
-    42340, 42301, 42414, 42439, 42440, 42364, 42479, 42251, 42480, 42327,
-    42288, 42401, 42502, 42272, 42503, 42461, 42385, 42349, 42309, 42422,
-    42429, 42430, 42355, 42468, 42242, 42469, 42316, 42317, 42278, 42279,
-    42391, 42392, 42476, 42249, 42477, 42437, 42362, 42324, 42325, 42286,
-    42399, 42459, 42383, 42346, 42347, 42499, 42270, 42307, 42420, 42487,
-    42508, 42258, 42447, 42371, 42334, 42295, 42408, 42436, 42361, 42475,
-    42248, 42323, 42285, 42398, 42438, 42363, 42478, 42250, 42326, 42287,
-    42400, 42462, 42386, 42504, 42273, 42350, 42310, 42423, 42450, 42514,
-    42539, 42512, 42513, 42538, 42374, 42490, 42261, 42337, 42298, 42411,
-    42507, 42500, 42271, 42501, 42460, 42384, 42348, 42308, 42421, 42315,
-    42467, 42428, 42457, 42381, 42497, 42268, 42344, 42305, 42418, 42464,
-    42388, 42506, 42275, 42352, 42312, 42425, 42463, 42387, 42505, 42274,
-    42351, 42311, 42424, 42455, 42379, 42495, 42266, 42342, 42303, 42416,
-    42441, 42365, 42481, 42252, 42328, 42289, 42402, 42456, 42380, 42496,
-    42267, 42343, 42304, 42417, 42433, 42358, 42472, 42245, 42320, 42282,
-    42395, 42448, 42372, 42488, 42259, 42335, 42296, 42409, 42442, 42366,
-    42482, 42253, 42329, 42290, 42403, 42458, 42382, 42498, 42269, 42345,
-    42306, 42419, 42470, 42243, 42244, 42471, 42431, 42356, 42357, 42432,
-    42318, 42319, 42280, 42281, 42393, 42394, 42465, 42240, 42241, 42466,
-    42426, 42353, 42354, 42427, 42313, 42314, 42276, 42277, 42389, 42390,
-    42523, 42526, 42522, 42515, 42520, 42527, 42516, 42524, 42518, 42517,
-    42525, 42521, 42519, 42533, 42532, 42535, 42534, 42531, 42530, 42528,
-    42537, 42529, 42536, 65024, 65033, 917843, 917844, 917845, 917846,
-    917847, 917848, 917849, 917850, 917851, 917852, 65034, 917853, 917854,
-    917855, 917856, 917857, 917858, 917859, 917860, 917861, 917862, 65035,
-    917863, 917864, 917865, 917866, 917867, 917868, 917869, 917870, 917871,
-    917872, 65036, 917873, 917874, 917875, 917876, 917877, 917878, 917879,
-    917880, 917881, 917882, 65037, 917883, 917884, 917885, 917886, 917887,
-    917888, 917889, 917890, 917891, 917892, 65038, 917893, 917894, 917895,
-    917896, 917897, 917898, 917899, 917900, 917901, 917902, 65039, 917903,
-    917904, 917905, 917906, 917907, 917908, 917909, 917910, 917911, 917912,
-    917760, 917913, 917914, 917915, 917916, 917917, 917918, 917919, 917920,
-    917921, 917922, 917761, 917923, 917924, 917925, 917926, 917927, 917928,
-    917929, 917930, 917931, 917932, 917762, 917933, 917934, 917935, 917936,
-    917937, 917938, 917939, 917940, 917941, 917942, 65025, 917763, 917943,
-    917944, 917945, 917946, 917947, 917948, 917949, 917950, 917951, 917952,
-    917764, 917953, 917954, 917955, 917956, 917957, 917958, 917959, 917960,
-    917961, 917962, 917765, 917963, 917964, 917965, 917966, 917967, 917968,
-    917969, 917970, 917971, 917972, 917766, 917973, 917974, 917975, 917976,
-    917977, 917978, 917979, 917980, 917981, 917982, 917767, 917983, 917984,
-    917985, 917986, 917987, 917988, 917989, 917990, 917991, 917992, 917768,
-    917993, 917994, 917995, 917996, 917997, 917998, 917999, 917769, 917770,
-    917771, 917772, 65026, 917773, 917774, 917775, 917776, 917777, 917778,
-    917779, 917780, 917781, 917782, 65027, 917783, 917784, 917785, 917786,
-    917787, 917788, 917789, 917790, 917791, 917792, 65028, 917793, 917794,
-    917795, 917796, 917797, 917798, 917799, 917800, 917801, 917802, 65029,
-    917803, 917804, 917805, 917806, 917807, 917808, 917809, 917810, 917811,
-    917812, 65030, 917813, 917814, 917815, 917816, 917817, 917818, 917819,
-    917820, 917821, 917822, 65031, 917823, 917824, 917825, 917826, 917827,
-    917828, 917829, 917830, 917831, 917832, 65032, 917833, 917834, 917835,
-    917836, 917837, 917838, 917839, 917840, 917841, 917842, 129499, 983245,
-    983254, 983356, 983357, 983358, 983359, 983360, 983361, 983362, 983363,
-    983364, 983365, 983255, 983366, 983367, 983368, 983369, 983370, 983371,
-    983372, 983373, 983374, 983375, 983256, 983376, 983377, 983378, 983379,
-    983380, 983381, 983382, 983383, 983384, 983385, 983257, 983386, 983387,
-    983388, 983389, 983390, 983391, 983392, 983393, 983394, 983395, 983258,
-    983396, 983397, 983398, 983399, 983400, 983401, 983402, 983403, 983404,
-    983405, 983259, 983406, 983407, 983408, 983409, 983410, 983411, 983412,
-    983413, 983414, 983415, 983260, 983416, 983417, 983418, 983419, 983420,
-    983421, 983422, 983423, 983424, 983425, 983273, 983426, 983427, 983428,
-    983429, 983430, 983431, 983432, 983433, 983434, 983435, 983274, 983436,
-    983437, 983438, 983439, 983440, 983441, 983442, 983443, 983444, 983445,
-    983275, 983446, 983447, 983448, 983449, 983450, 983451, 983452, 983453,
-    983454, 983455, 983246, 983276, 983456, 983457, 983458, 983459, 983460,
-    983461, 983462, 983463, 983464, 983465, 983277, 983466, 983467, 983468,
-    983469, 983470, 983471, 983472, 983473, 983474, 983475, 983278, 983476,
-    983477, 983478, 983479, 983480, 983481, 983482, 983483, 983484, 983485,
-    983279, 983486, 983487, 983488, 983489, 983490, 983491, 983492, 983493,
-    983494, 983495, 983280, 983496, 983497, 983498, 983499, 983500, 983501,
-    983502, 983503, 983504, 983505, 983281, 983506, 983507, 983508, 983509,
-    983510, 983511, 983512, 983282, 983283, 983284, 983285, 983247, 983286,
-    983287, 983288, 983289, 983290, 983291, 983292, 983293, 983294, 983295,
-    983248, 983296, 983297, 983298, 983299, 983300, 983301, 983302, 983303,
-    983304, 983305, 983249, 983306, 983307, 983308, 983309, 983310, 983311,
-    983312, 983313, 983314, 983315, 983250, 983316, 983317, 983318, 983319,
-    983320, 983321, 983322, 983323, 983324, 983325, 983251, 983326, 983327,
-    983328, 983329, 983330, 983331, 983332, 983333, 983334, 983335, 983252,
-    983336, 983337, 983338, 983339, 983340, 983341, 983342, 983343, 983344,
-    983345, 983253, 983346, 983347, 983348, 983349, 983350, 983351, 983352,
-    983353, 983354, 983355, 7401, 7402, 7409, 7403, 7404, 7415, 7410, 7418,
-    7413, 7379, 7398, 7396, 7411, 7408, 7406, 7407, 7405, 7414, 7397, 7400,
-    7395, 7399, 7394, 7380, 7384, 7412, 7417, 7386, 7389, 7376, 7388, 7378,
-    7416, 7392, 7391, 7387, 7390, 7381, 7382, 7383, 7385, 7393, 7377, 8483,
-    10704, 10980, 10978, 10186, 8942, 8286, 12347, 12337, 12339, 12341,
-    12338, 12340, 124, 9168, 10992, 10991, 9087, 9896, 129904, 129905,
-    129906, 129907, 129908, 129909, 11135, 983069, 983144, 11823, 128678,
-    11837, 10650, 128976, 128959, 128947, 128637, 128941, 128953, 128636,
+    8944, 8869, 10207, 117873, 117877, 117857, 128743, 117881, 118267,
+    128742, 117847, 128314, 117912, 117862, 128744, 128316, 9709, 9710,
+    117760, 129898, 129946, 129920, 129896, 9985, 118417, 117809, 118418,
+    117810, 130020, 129924, 9600, 129937, 118275, 129938, 9690, 118292,
+    129934, 118439, 118444, 9696, 129885, 129887, 129889, 129886, 129883,
+    129888, 129881, 129884, 129882, 129879, 129880, 10196, 118416, 9136,
+    129944, 129948, 9720, 117808, 9692, 117958, 117946, 117962, 117966,
+    117950, 117954, 117928, 117926, 117942, 117970, 117938, 117813, 118421,
+    118422, 118420, 117812, 118423, 117815, 129922, 9620, 129874, 129875,
+    129892, 129894, 129890, 129878, 129893, 129891, 129876, 129895, 129877,
+    10064, 118419, 9137, 10000, 9693, 117959, 117947, 117963, 117967, 117951,
+    117955, 117929, 117927, 117943, 117971, 117939, 117814, 128319, 10066,
+    129945, 129949, 9721, 117811, 129926, 129923, 118438, 118445, 129925,
+    129901, 128579, 11797, 8593, 129976, 8645, 8670, 129033, 129029, 129177,
+    129041, 129025, 129045, 8624, 8625, 10505, 8613, 10514, 11145, 11014,
+    8657, 8673, 129077, 10606, 10595, 10592, 10584, 8639, 10588, 10580, 8638,
+    129089, 129093, 129085, 10224, 128621, 129105, 129081, 11105, 11137,
+    11121, 129065, 11170, 11171, 129061, 129057, 129073, 129069, 11131,
+    11115, 11141, 129169, 10506, 8607, 11245, 10569, 8648, 8679, 8683, 8685,
+    8684, 129173, 8682, 11192, 8686, 8687, 9797, 983117, 42509, 42510, 42511,
+    42446, 42370, 42486, 42257, 42333, 42294, 42407, 42445, 42369, 42485,
+    42256, 42332, 42293, 42406, 42449, 42373, 42489, 42260, 42336, 42297,
+    42410, 42434, 42359, 42473, 42246, 42321, 42283, 42396, 42435, 42360,
+    42474, 42247, 42322, 42284, 42397, 42452, 42376, 42492, 42263, 42339,
+    42300, 42413, 42451, 42375, 42491, 42262, 42338, 42299, 42412, 42444,
+    42368, 42484, 42255, 42331, 42292, 42405, 42443, 42367, 42483, 42254,
+    42330, 42291, 42404, 42454, 42378, 42494, 42265, 42341, 42302, 42415,
+    42453, 42377, 42493, 42264, 42340, 42301, 42414, 42439, 42440, 42364,
+    42479, 42251, 42480, 42327, 42288, 42401, 42502, 42272, 42503, 42461,
+    42385, 42349, 42309, 42422, 42429, 42430, 42355, 42468, 42242, 42469,
+    42316, 42317, 42278, 42279, 42391, 42392, 42476, 42249, 42477, 42437,
+    42362, 42324, 42325, 42286, 42399, 42459, 42383, 42346, 42347, 42499,
+    42270, 42307, 42420, 42487, 42508, 42258, 42447, 42371, 42334, 42295,
+    42408, 42436, 42361, 42475, 42248, 42323, 42285, 42398, 42438, 42363,
+    42478, 42250, 42326, 42287, 42400, 42462, 42386, 42504, 42273, 42350,
+    42310, 42423, 42450, 42514, 42539, 42512, 42513, 42538, 42374, 42490,
+    42261, 42337, 42298, 42411, 42507, 42500, 42271, 42501, 42460, 42384,
+    42348, 42308, 42421, 42315, 42467, 42428, 42457, 42381, 42497, 42268,
+    42344, 42305, 42418, 42464, 42388, 42506, 42275, 42352, 42312, 42425,
+    42463, 42387, 42505, 42274, 42351, 42311, 42424, 42455, 42379, 42495,
+    42266, 42342, 42303, 42416, 42441, 42365, 42481, 42252, 42328, 42289,
+    42402, 42456, 42380, 42496, 42267, 42343, 42304, 42417, 42433, 42358,
+    42472, 42245, 42320, 42282, 42395, 42448, 42372, 42488, 42259, 42335,
+    42296, 42409, 42442, 42366, 42482, 42253, 42329, 42290, 42403, 42458,
+    42382, 42498, 42269, 42345, 42306, 42419, 42470, 42243, 42244, 42471,
+    42431, 42356, 42357, 42432, 42318, 42319, 42280, 42281, 42393, 42394,
+    42465, 42240, 42241, 42466, 42426, 42353, 42354, 42427, 42313, 42314,
+    42276, 42277, 42389, 42390, 42523, 42526, 42522, 42515, 42520, 42527,
+    42516, 42524, 42518, 42517, 42525, 42521, 42519, 42533, 42532, 42535,
+    42534, 42531, 42530, 42528, 42537, 42529, 42536, 65024, 65033, 917843,
+    917844, 917845, 917846, 917847, 917848, 917849, 917850, 917851, 917852,
+    65034, 917853, 917854, 917855, 917856, 917857, 917858, 917859, 917860,
+    917861, 917862, 65035, 917863, 917864, 917865, 917866, 917867, 917868,
+    917869, 917870, 917871, 917872, 65036, 917873, 917874, 917875, 917876,
+    917877, 917878, 917879, 917880, 917881, 917882, 65037, 917883, 917884,
+    917885, 917886, 917887, 917888, 917889, 917890, 917891, 917892, 65038,
+    917893, 917894, 917895, 917896, 917897, 917898, 917899, 917900, 917901,
+    917902, 65039, 917903, 917904, 917905, 917906, 917907, 917908, 917909,
+    917910, 917911, 917912, 917760, 917913, 917914, 917915, 917916, 917917,
+    917918, 917919, 917920, 917921, 917922, 917761, 917923, 917924, 917925,
+    917926, 917927, 917928, 917929, 917930, 917931, 917932, 917762, 917933,
+    917934, 917935, 917936, 917937, 917938, 917939, 917940, 917941, 917942,
+    65025, 917763, 917943, 917944, 917945, 917946, 917947, 917948, 917949,
+    917950, 917951, 917952, 917764, 917953, 917954, 917955, 917956, 917957,
+    917958, 917959, 917960, 917961, 917962, 917765, 917963, 917964, 917965,
+    917966, 917967, 917968, 917969, 917970, 917971, 917972, 917766, 917973,
+    917974, 917975, 917976, 917977, 917978, 917979, 917980, 917981, 917982,
+    917767, 917983, 917984, 917985, 917986, 917987, 917988, 917989, 917990,
+    917991, 917992, 917768, 917993, 917994, 917995, 917996, 917997, 917998,
+    917999, 917769, 917770, 917771, 917772, 65026, 917773, 917774, 917775,
+    917776, 917777, 917778, 917779, 917780, 917781, 917782, 65027, 917783,
+    917784, 917785, 917786, 917787, 917788, 917789, 917790, 917791, 917792,
+    65028, 917793, 917794, 917795, 917796, 917797, 917798, 917799, 917800,
+    917801, 917802, 65029, 917803, 917804, 917805, 917806, 917807, 917808,
+    917809, 917810, 917811, 917812, 65030, 917813, 917814, 917815, 917816,
+    917817, 917818, 917819, 917820, 917821, 917822, 65031, 917823, 917824,
+    917825, 917826, 917827, 917828, 917829, 917830, 917831, 917832, 65032,
+    917833, 917834, 917835, 917836, 917837, 917838, 917839, 917840, 917841,
+    917842, 129499, 983245, 983254, 983360, 983361, 983362, 983363, 983364,
+    983365, 983366, 983367, 983368, 983369, 983255, 983370, 983371, 983372,
+    983373, 983374, 983375, 983376, 983377, 983378, 983379, 983256, 983380,
+    983381, 983382, 983383, 983384, 983385, 983386, 983387, 983388, 983389,
+    983257, 983390, 983391, 983392, 983393, 983394, 983395, 983396, 983397,
+    983398, 983399, 983258, 983400, 983401, 983402, 983403, 983404, 983405,
+    983406, 983407, 983408, 983409, 983259, 983410, 983411, 983412, 983413,
+    983414, 983415, 983416, 983417, 983418, 983419, 983260, 983420, 983421,
+    983422, 983423, 983424, 983425, 983426, 983427, 983428, 983429, 983277,
+    983430, 983431, 983432, 983433, 983434, 983435, 983436, 983437, 983438,
+    983439, 983278, 983440, 983441, 983442, 983443, 983444, 983445, 983446,
+    983447, 983448, 983449, 983279, 983450, 983451, 983452, 983453, 983454,
+    983455, 983456, 983457, 983458, 983459, 983246, 983280, 983460, 983461,
+    983462, 983463, 983464, 983465, 983466, 983467, 983468, 983469, 983281,
+    983470, 983471, 983472, 983473, 983474, 983475, 983476, 983477, 983478,
+    983479, 983282, 983480, 983481, 983482, 983483, 983484, 983485, 983486,
+    983487, 983488, 983489, 983283, 983490, 983491, 983492, 983493, 983494,
+    983495, 983496, 983497, 983498, 983499, 983284, 983500, 983501, 983502,
+    983503, 983504, 983505, 983506, 983507, 983508, 983509, 983285, 983510,
+    983511, 983512, 983513, 983514, 983515, 983516, 983286, 983287, 983288,
+    983289, 983247, 983290, 983291, 983292, 983293, 983294, 983295, 983296,
+    983297, 983298, 983299, 983248, 983300, 983301, 983302, 983303, 983304,
+    983305, 983306, 983307, 983308, 983309, 983249, 983310, 983311, 983312,
+    983313, 983314, 983315, 983316, 983317, 983318, 983319, 983250, 983320,
+    983321, 983322, 983323, 983324, 983325, 983326, 983327, 983328, 983329,
+    983251, 983330, 983331, 983332, 983333, 983334, 983335, 983336, 983337,
+    983338, 983339, 983252, 983340, 983341, 983342, 983343, 983344, 983345,
+    983346, 983347, 983348, 983349, 983253, 983350, 983351, 983352, 983353,
+    983354, 983355, 983356, 983357, 983358, 983359, 7401, 7402, 7409, 7403,
+    7404, 7415, 7410, 7418, 7413, 7379, 7398, 7396, 7411, 7408, 7406, 7407,
+    7405, 7414, 7397, 7400, 7395, 7399, 7394, 7380, 7384, 7412, 7417, 7386,
+    7389, 7376, 7388, 7378, 7416, 7392, 7391, 7387, 7390, 7381, 7382, 7383,
+    7385, 7393, 7377, 8483, 10704, 10980, 10978, 10186, 117780, 8942, 8286,
+    117917, 12347, 12337, 12339, 12341, 12338, 12340, 117892, 124, 9168,
+    10992, 10991, 117904, 118293, 9087, 9896, 129904, 129905, 129906, 129907,
+    129908, 129909, 117916, 117770, 11135, 983069, 983144, 11823, 128678,
+    10650, 11837, 128976, 128959, 128947, 128637, 128941, 128953, 128636,
     128904, 128914, 128934, 8921, 8920, 128933, 10799, 9910, 128243, 9996,
     128249, 127918, 128252, 94193, 94192, 8983, 127931, 9805, 66929, 66930,
     66936, 66935, 66942, 66943, 66947, 66946, 66950, 66949, 66932, 66931,
@@ -12260,211 +13077,211 @@ static const unsigned int dawg_pos_to_codepoint[] = {
     67004, 66977, 66984, 66992, 66967, 66990, 66999, 67003, 129979, 127755,
     127952, 8752, 983070, 983145, 11238, 8541, 8538, 8536, 8539, 8533, 189,
     8529, 188, 8528, 8537, 8530, 8531, 8540, 190, 8535, 8534, 8532, 8542,
-    8585, 123585, 123584, 123624, 123619, 123620, 123606, 123605, 123622,
-    123618, 123611, 123623, 123612, 123621, 123615, 123592, 123613, 123625,
-    123593, 123596, 123617, 123616, 123595, 123614, 123626, 123627, 123590,
-    123609, 123604, 123591, 123594, 123599, 123598, 123586, 123587, 123588,
-    123597, 123589, 123610, 123600, 123608, 123607, 123603, 123602, 123601,
-    123647, 123630, 123631, 123628, 123629, 123637, 123636, 123639, 123638,
-    123635, 123634, 123632, 123641, 123633, 123640, 127768, 127766, 127762,
-    127764, 71841, 71850, 71862, 71861, 71848, 71856, 71853, 71867, 71866,
-    71865, 71868, 71840, 71859, 71849, 71857, 71869, 71870, 71855, 71847,
-    71843, 71854, 71844, 71845, 71858, 71871, 71863, 71864, 71852, 71846,
-    71842, 71860, 71851, 71873, 71882, 71894, 71893, 71880, 71888, 71885,
-    71899, 71898, 71897, 71900, 71872, 71891, 71881, 71889, 71901, 71902,
-    71887, 71879, 71875, 71886, 71876, 71877, 71890, 71903, 71895, 71896,
-    71884, 71878, 71874, 71892, 71883, 71909, 71908, 71911, 71910, 71907,
-    71906, 71904, 71913, 71905, 71912, 71921, 71918, 71917, 71922, 71920,
-    71919, 71916, 71915, 71914, 71935, 9888, 128702, 127754, 128003, 129341,
-    127817, 8986, 12316, 11071, 10547, 127988, 127987, 128075, 12336, 65103,
-    8967, 65099, 129479, 128465, 128576, 128553, 10172, 128146, 983238,
+    8585, 129479, 123585, 123584, 123624, 123619, 123620, 123606, 123605,
+    123622, 123618, 123611, 123623, 123612, 123621, 123615, 123592, 123613,
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+    41060, 41058, 41073, 41072, 41071, 41068, 41069, 41066, 41067, 41065,
+    41048, 41052, 41053, 41050, 41051, 41049, 41046, 41047, 41056, 41057,
+    41054, 41055, 41063, 41064, 41061, 41062, 41076, 41077, 41074, 41075,
+    41006, 40995, 40996, 40994, 41009, 41008, 41007, 41004, 41005, 41002,
+    41003, 41001, 40984, 40988, 40989, 40986, 40987, 40985, 40982, 40983,
+    40992, 40993, 40990, 40991, 40999, 41000, 40997, 40998, 41012, 41015,
+    41014, 41013, 41010, 41011, 41842, 41831, 41832, 41829, 41830, 41845,
+    41844, 41843, 41841, 41827, 41828, 41825, 41826, 41839, 41840, 41837,
+    41838, 41835, 41836, 41833, 41834, 41848, 41851, 41850, 41849, 41846,
+    41847, 41670, 41659, 41660, 41658, 41673, 41672, 41671, 41668, 41669,
+    41666, 41667, 41665, 41648, 41652, 41653, 41650, 41651, 41649, 41646,
+    41647, 41656, 41657, 41654, 41655, 41663, 41664, 41661, 41662, 41676,
+    41679, 41678, 41677, 41674, 41675, 41293, 41282, 41283, 41281, 41296,
+    41295, 41294, 41291, 41292, 41272, 41275, 41276, 41274, 41273, 41270,
+    41271, 41289, 41290, 41288, 41279, 41280, 41277, 41278, 41286, 41287,
+    41284, 41285, 41238, 41228, 41227, 41241, 41240, 41239, 41236, 41237,
+    41218, 41221, 41222, 41220, 41219, 41216, 41217, 41234, 41235, 41233,
+    41225, 41226, 41223, 41224, 41231, 41232, 41229, 41230, 41174, 41175,
+    41173, 41171, 41172, 41169, 41170, 41167, 41168, 41165, 41166, 41184,
+    41185, 41182, 41183, 41178, 41181, 41180, 41179, 41176, 41177, 41494,
+    41496, 41497, 41495, 41492, 41493, 41516, 41504, 41505, 41502, 41503,
+    41519, 41518, 41517, 41514, 41515, 41500, 41501, 41498, 41499, 41512,
+    41513, 41510, 41511, 41508, 41509, 41506, 41507, 41460, 41448, 41449,
+    41446, 41447, 41463, 41462, 41461, 41458, 41459, 41436, 41440, 41441,
+    41438, 41439, 41437, 41434, 41435, 41444, 41445, 41442, 41443, 41456,
+    41457, 41454, 41455, 41452, 41453, 41450, 41451, 41584, 41583, 41582,
+    41389, 41379, 41380, 41378, 41392, 41391, 41390, 41387, 41388, 41369,
+    41372, 41373, 41371, 41370, 41367, 41368, 41385, 41386, 41384, 41382,
+    41383, 41381, 41376, 41377, 41374, 41375, 41395, 41398, 41397, 41396,
+    41393, 41394, 41125, 41117, 41118, 41116, 41128, 41127, 41126, 41123,
+    41124, 41107, 41110, 41111, 41109, 41108, 41105, 41106, 41114, 41115,
+    41112, 41113, 41121, 41122, 41119, 41120, 41130, 41133, 41132, 41131,
+    41129, 41336, 41334, 41335, 41333, 41332, 41340, 41338, 41339, 41337,
+    41322, 41326, 41327, 41324, 41325, 41323, 41320, 41321, 41330, 41331,
+    41328, 41329, 41556, 41557, 41554, 41555, 41563, 41564, 41562, 41544,
+    41548, 41549, 41546, 41547, 41545, 41542, 41543, 41552, 41553, 41550,
+    41551, 41560, 41561, 41558, 41559, 41591, 41592, 41589, 41590, 41598,
+    41599, 41597, 41587, 41588, 41585, 41586, 41595, 41596, 41593, 41594,
+    40962, 40960, 983243, 40966, 40967, 40964, 40965, 40963, 40961, 42025,
+    42017, 42018, 42016, 42028, 42027, 42026, 42023, 42024, 42010, 42014,
+    42015, 42012, 42013, 42011, 42008, 42009, 42021, 42022, 42019, 42020,
+    42031, 42032, 42029, 42030, 41970, 41962, 41963, 41960, 41961, 41973,
+    41972, 41971, 41968, 41969, 41954, 41958, 41959, 41956, 41957, 41955,
+    41952, 41953, 41966, 41967, 41964, 41965, 41976, 41979, 41978, 41977,
+    41974, 41975, 41488, 41476, 41477, 41475, 41491, 41490, 41489, 41486,
+    41487, 41466, 41469, 41470, 41468, 41467, 41464, 41465, 41473, 41474,
+    41471, 41472, 41484, 41485, 41482, 41483, 41480, 41481, 41478, 41479,
+    41424, 41413, 41414, 41411, 41412, 41427, 41426, 41425, 41422, 41423,
+    41420, 41421, 41419, 41401, 41405, 41406, 41403, 41404, 41402, 41399,
+    41400, 41409, 41410, 41407, 41408, 41417, 41418, 41415, 41416, 41430,
+    41433, 41432, 41431, 41428, 41429, 41538, 41527, 41528, 41526, 41541,
+    41540, 41539, 41536, 41537, 41534, 41535, 41533, 41524, 41525, 41522,
+    41523, 41531, 41532, 41529, 41530, 41521, 41520, 41157, 41147, 41148,
+    41145, 41146, 41160, 41159, 41158, 41155, 41156, 41136, 41139, 41140,
+    41138, 41137, 41134, 41135, 41143, 41144, 41141, 41142, 41151, 41152,
+    41149, 41150, 41163, 41164, 41161, 41162, 41154, 41153, 41080, 41083,
+    41084, 41082, 41081, 41078, 41079, 41087, 41088, 41085, 41086, 41091,
+    41092, 41089, 41090, 41095, 41098, 41097, 41096, 41093, 41094, 41101,
+    41104, 41103, 41102, 41099, 41100, 41299, 41302, 41301, 41300, 41297,
+    41298, 41312, 41313, 41311, 41305, 41306, 41303, 41304, 41309, 41310,
+    41307, 41308, 41316, 41319, 41318, 41317, 41314, 41315, 41574, 41572,
+    41573, 41580, 41581, 41579, 41566, 41567, 41565, 41570, 41571, 41568,
+    41569, 41577, 41578, 41575, 41576, 42048, 42042, 42041, 42051, 42050,
+    42049, 42047, 42035, 42039, 42040, 42037, 42038, 42036, 42033, 42034,
+    42045, 42046, 42043, 42044, 42054, 42057, 42056, 42055, 42052, 42053,
+    41881, 41882, 41880, 41878, 41879, 41876, 41877, 41885, 41886, 41883,
+    41884, 41889, 41892, 41891, 41890, 41887, 41888, 41895, 41898, 41897,
+    41896, 41893, 41894, 42075, 42067, 42068, 42066, 42076, 42073, 42074,
+    42060, 42064, 42065, 42062, 42063, 42061, 42058, 42059, 42071, 42072,
+    42069, 42070, 41727, 41721, 41720, 41730, 41729, 41728, 41726, 41723,
+    41722, 41711, 41714, 41715, 41713, 41712, 41709, 41710, 41718, 41719,
+    41716, 41717, 41733, 41736, 41735, 41734, 41731, 41732, 41725, 41724,
+    41363, 41352, 41353, 41351, 41366, 41365, 41364, 41361, 41362, 41343,
+    41346, 41347, 41345, 41344, 41341, 41342, 41349, 41350, 41348, 41359,
+    41360, 41358, 41356, 41357, 41354, 41355, 41036, 41028, 41029, 41027,
+    41039, 41038, 41037, 41034, 41035, 41018, 41021, 41022, 41020, 41019,
+    41016, 41017, 41025, 41026, 41023, 41024, 41032, 41033, 41030, 41031,
+    41042, 41045, 41044, 41043, 41040, 41041, 41998, 41990, 41991, 41988,
+    41989, 42001, 42000, 41999, 41996, 41997, 41982, 41986, 41987, 41984,
+    41985, 41983, 41980, 41981, 41994, 41995, 41992, 41993, 42004, 42007,
+    42006, 42005, 42002, 42003, 42115, 42107, 42108, 42105, 42106, 42118,
+    42117, 42116, 42113, 42114, 42099, 42103, 42104, 42101, 42102, 42100,
+    42097, 42098, 42111, 42112, 42109, 42110, 42121, 42124, 42123, 42122,
+    42119, 42120, 41866, 41855, 41854, 41869, 41868, 41867, 41864, 41865,
+    41862, 41863, 41860, 41861, 41858, 41859, 41856, 41857, 41872, 41875,
+    41874, 41873, 41870, 41871, 41853, 41852, 41942, 41931, 41932, 41930,
+    41945, 41944, 41943, 41940, 41941, 41938, 41939, 41937, 41928, 41929,
+    41926, 41927, 41935, 41936, 41933, 41934, 41948, 41951, 41950, 41949,
+    41946, 41947, 41772, 41775, 41776, 41774, 41773, 41770, 41771, 41786,
+    41787, 41785, 41779, 41780, 41777, 41778, 41783, 41784, 41781, 41782,
+    41790, 41791, 41788, 41789, 41794, 41797, 41796, 41795, 41792, 41793,
+    41916, 41904, 41905, 41903, 41919, 41918, 41917, 41914, 41915, 41901,
+    41902, 41899, 41900, 41912, 41913, 41910, 41911, 41908, 41909, 41906,
+    41907, 41922, 41925, 41924, 41923, 41920, 41921, 41760, 41749, 41750,
+    41748, 41763, 41762, 41761, 41758, 41759, 41739, 41742, 41743, 41741,
+    41740, 41737, 41738, 41756, 41757, 41755, 41746, 41747, 41744, 41745,
+    41753, 41754, 41751, 41752, 41766, 41769, 41768, 41767, 41764, 41765,
+    41266, 41255, 41256, 41253, 41254, 41269, 41268, 41267, 41264, 41265,
+    41244, 41247, 41248, 41246, 41245, 41242, 41243, 41262, 41263, 41261,
+    41251, 41252, 41249, 41250, 41259, 41260, 41257, 41258, 41203, 41202,
+    41188, 41192, 41193, 41190, 41191, 41189, 41186, 41187, 41196, 41197,
+    41194, 41195, 41200, 41201, 41198, 41199, 41206, 41209, 41208, 41207,
+    41204, 41205, 41212, 41215, 41214, 41213, 41210, 41211, 40981, 41605,
+    41606, 41604, 41611, 41612, 41610, 41608, 41609, 41607, 41602, 41603,
+    41600, 41601, 42079, 42083, 42084, 42081, 42082, 42080, 42077, 42078,
+    42089, 42090, 42087, 42088, 42093, 42096, 42095, 42094, 42091, 42092,
+    42086, 42085, 41815, 41803, 41804, 41802, 41818, 41817, 41816, 41813,
+    41814, 41800, 41801, 41798, 41799, 41811, 41812, 41809, 41810, 41807,
+    41808, 41805, 41806, 41821, 41824, 41823, 41822, 41819, 41820, 41636,
+    41625, 41626, 41624, 41639, 41638, 41637, 41634, 41635, 41615, 41618,
+    41619, 41617, 41616, 41613, 41614, 41696, 41697, 41695, 41693, 41694,
+    41692, 41682, 41686, 41687, 41684, 41685, 41683, 41680, 41681, 41690,
+    41691, 41688, 41689, 41699, 41702, 41701, 41700, 41698, 41705, 41708,
+    41707, 41706, 41703, 41704, 41632, 41633, 41631, 41622, 41623, 41620,
+    41621, 41629, 41630, 41627, 41628, 41642, 41645, 41644, 41643, 41640,
+    41641, 40973, 40974, 40972, 40970, 40971, 40968, 40969, 40977, 40978,
+    40975, 40976, 40980, 40979, 9775, 129664, 8959, 10853, 10632, 10634,
+    10814, 10852, 10631, 10633, 10783, 10784, 10785, 10625, 10626, 72262,
+    72256, 72253, 72252, 72254, 72251, 72250, 72261, 72255, 72243, 72215,
+    72214, 72230, 72229, 72220, 72219, 72242, 72204, 72203, 72207, 72216,
+    72211, 72221, 72238, 72239, 72240, 72228, 72227, 72213, 72212, 72218,
+    72217, 72225, 72224, 72209, 72208, 72206, 72205, 72223, 72222, 72231,
+    72232, 72233, 72241, 72210, 72236, 72226, 72235, 72237, 72234, 72192,
+    72259, 72258, 72260, 72257, 72248, 72245, 72246, 72247, 72244, 72249,
+    72263, 72202, 72199, 72200, 72198, 72197, 72195, 72194, 72201, 72196,
+    72193, 129427, 65279, 8204, 8203, 8205, 11234, 129296, 118593, 118584,
+    118585, 118591, 118580, 118589, 118528, 118540, 118531, 118543, 118559,
+    118529, 118541, 118532, 118544, 118592, 118573, 118569, 118568, 118581,
+    118586, 118561, 118582, 118583, 118566, 118538, 118550, 118555, 118556,
+    118535, 118547, 118537, 118549, 118553, 118558, 118534, 118546, 118572,
+    118562, 118571, 118554, 118533, 118545, 118587, 118588, 118530, 118542,
+    118552, 118563, 118539, 118551, 118557, 118536, 118548, 118579, 118570,
+    118560, 118567, 118565, 118564, 118590, 118576, 118577, 118578, 118619,
+    118639, 118637, 118645, 118721, 118611, 118635, 118659, 118626, 118623,
+    118625, 118624, 118622, 118638, 118612, 118660, 118608, 118609, 118657,
+    118719, 118695, 118699, 118698, 118697, 118696, 118722, 118720, 118703,
+    118708, 118707, 118706, 118705, 118704, 118610, 118620, 118723, 118616,
+    118617, 118640, 118672, 118636, 118658, 118652, 118651, 118649, 118650,
+    118648, 118646, 118647, 118644, 118643, 118641, 118642, 118653, 118656,
+    118654, 118655, 118662, 118670, 118664, 118666, 118669, 118663, 118665,
+    118671, 118667, 118668, 118673, 118614, 118615, 118618, 118685, 118687,
+    118684, 118683, 118686, 118681, 118680, 118709, 118713, 118711, 118716,
+    118717, 118714, 118715, 118712, 118718, 118710, 118676, 118679, 118690,
+    118688, 118693, 118694, 118691, 118692, 118689, 118675, 118677, 118678,
+    118674, 118701, 118702, 118700, 118682, 118632, 118631, 118634, 118633,
+    118628, 118627, 118630, 118629, 118613, 118621, 118661, 118596, 118597,
+    118594, 118595, 118598, 129503, 983264, 983222, 983221, 983223,
 };
 
 #define DAWG_CODEPOINT_TO_POS_SHIFT 8
-#define DAWG_CODEPOINT_TO_POS_NOTFOUND 35762
+#define DAWG_CODEPOINT_TO_POS_NOTFOUND 40951
 static const unsigned char dawg_codepoint_to_pos_index1[] = {
     0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20,
     21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38,
@@ -12483,18 +13300,20 @@ static const unsigned char dawg_codepoint_to_pos_index1[] = {
     73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90,
     91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106,
     107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 112, 113,
-    114, 115, 116, 117, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52,
-    52, 52, 118, 119, 120, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52,
+    114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127,
+    128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52,
+    52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52,
+    136, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 137, 138, 139, 140, 52, 141, 142, 143, 52,
     52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52,
-    52, 52, 52, 121, 122, 123, 124, 52, 52, 125, 126, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52,
+    52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52,
     52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52,
-    127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52,
+    52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 149, 150, 151, 152, 52, 52, 52, 52,
+    52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 153, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52,
+    52, 52, 52, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165,
+    166, 167, 168, 52, 52, 52, 52, 169, 170, 171, 172, 52, 173, 174, 52, 175,
+    176, 177, 52, 52, 178, 179, 180, 52, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187,
+    188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52,
     52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52,
-    52, 52, 52, 52, 132, 133, 134, 135, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52,
-    136, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52,
-    52, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 52, 52,
-    52, 52, 149, 150, 151, 152, 52, 153, 52, 52, 154, 155, 156, 52, 52, 157,
-    158, 159, 52, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171,
     52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52,
     52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52,
     52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52,
@@ -12507,9 +13326,9 @@ static const unsigned char dawg_codepoint_to_pos_index1[] = {
     52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52,
     52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52,
     52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52,
+    52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 193, 194, 195, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52,
     52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52,
     52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52,
-    172, 173, 174, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52,
     52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52,
     52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52,
     52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52,
@@ -12664,9 +13483,8 @@ static const unsigned char dawg_codepoint_to_pos_index1[] = {
     52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52,
     52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52,
     52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52,
+    52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 196, 197, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52,
     52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52,
-    52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 175,
-    176, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52,
     52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52,
     52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52,
     52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52,
@@ -12679,8 +13497,8 @@ static const unsigned char dawg_codepoint_to_pos_index1[] = {
     52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52,
     52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52,
     52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52,
+    52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 198, 199, 200, 201, 52, 52, 52, 52,
     52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52,
-    52, 52, 52, 177, 178, 179, 180, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52,
     52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52,
     52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52,
     52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52,
@@ -12708,4467 +13526,5003 @@ static const unsigned char dawg_codepoint_to_pos_index1[] = {
     52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52,
     52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52,
     52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52,
-    52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52,
 };
 
 static const unsigned short dawg_codepoint_to_pos_index2[] = {
-    35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762,
-    35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762,
-    35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762,
-    35762, 35762, 29174, 13037, 26950, 24736, 10779, 26523, 358, 1041, 19550,
-    27163, 2511, 26774, 8150, 15996, 13206, 29017, 10563, 10548, 10560,
-    10557, 10542, 10539, 10554, 10551, 10566, 10545, 7753, 27749, 19776,
-    12475, 13751, 26948, 8149, 18159, 18205, 18215, 18231, 18246, 18291,
-    18295, 18312, 18326, 18355, 18360, 18372, 18390, 18399, 18415, 18465,
-    18473, 18476, 18496, 18519, 18548, 18587, 18598, 18607, 18610, 18624,
-    19518, 27073, 27177, 6518, 20535, 13722, 18716, 18766, 18786, 18809,
-    18845, 18904, 18912, 18930, 18949, 18986, 18992, 19006, 19044, 19057,
-    19081, 19138, 19149, 19155, 19193, 19234, 19307, 19355, 19369, 19378,
-    19386, 19402, 19466, 33652, 27135, 32321, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762,
-    35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762,
-    35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762,
-    35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 24729,
-    16349, 5830, 26815, 9647, 34209, 4636, 27731, 10531, 8344, 13111, 19565,
-    24711, 28968, 26996, 22169, 10248, 26786, 29740, 29739, 4, 22895, 26671,
-    22898, 5826, 29743, 21136, 27214, 33780, 33778, 33786, 16352, 18188,
-    18189, 18177, 18191, 18170, 18172, 18193, 18216, 18277, 18278, 18249,
-    18264, 18342, 18343, 18332, 18330, 18288, 18413, 18454, 18455, 18422,
-    18440, 18429, 23603, 18438, 18579, 18580, 18549, 18552, 18619, 18540,
-    19224, 18747, 18748, 18736, 18750, 18727, 18729, 18753, 18787, 18878,
-    18879, 18848, 18863, 18967, 18968, 18950, 18952, 18903, 19076, 19120,
-    19121, 19082, 19106, 19089, 10690, 19104, 19342, 19345, 19310, 19313,
-    19397, 19256, 19388, 18175, 18734, 18160, 18717, 18185, 18744, 18220,
-    18792, 18218, 18789, 18224, 18797, 18219, 18791, 18238, 18817, 18235,
-    18811, 18267, 18867, 18280, 18881, 18259, 18858, 18274, 18875, 18258,
-    18857, 18297, 18914, 18300, 18917, 18304, 18922, 18296, 18913, 18315,
-    18933, 18322, 18942, 18336, 18964, 18334, 18959, 18345, 18970, 18339,
-    18961, 18329, 18833, 18636, 19422, 18356, 18987, 18361, 18993, 19005,
-    18386, 19023, 18382, 19010, 18384, 19013, 18379, 19020, 18381, 19031,
-    18408, 19069, 18400, 19058, 18402, 19062, 19077, 18290, 18886, 18418,
-    19099, 18457, 19123, 18435, 19095, 18637, 19425, 18485, 19172, 18477,
-    19156, 18478, 19158, 18502, 19194, 18501, 19200, 18499, 19198, 18497,
-    19196, 18520, 19235, 18523, 19239, 18530, 19251, 18576, 19339, 18568,
-    19329, 18582, 19347, 18583, 19338, 18559, 19320, 18573, 19334, 18599,
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-    19036, 18775, 18211, 18206, 18767, 18543, 19259, 18460, 18222, 18795,
-    18198, 18243, 18239, 18812, 19264, 18494, 18518, 18459, 18292, 18907,
-    18303, 18310, 18948, 18353, 18346, 18371, 19004, 19009, 19032, 18537,
-    18406, 19063, 18421, 18447, 19113, 18462, 19135, 18471, 19146, 18713,
-    18544, 19260, 18289, 18653, 19247, 18529, 19248, 18528, 18561, 19322,
-    18586, 18591, 18616, 19392, 18633, 19412, 18282, 18284, 18896, 18901,
-    18706, 18545, 19261, 18652, 18705, 18707, 18708, 18645, 18655, 18245,
-    18233, 18839, 18389, 18380, 19043, 18414, 18403, 19080, 18183, 18742,
-    18333, 18951, 18428, 19088, 18551, 19312, 18556, 19317, 18555, 19316,
-    18553, 19314, 18554, 19315, 19296, 18171, 18728, 18167, 18724, 18195,
-    18756, 18305, 18923, 18298, 18915, 18362, 18994, 18436, 19102, 18437,
-    19103, 18283, 18898, 18989, 18244, 18232, 18838, 18299, 18916, 18324,
-    18606, 18407, 19068, 18173, 18730, 18194, 18755, 18439, 19105, 18169,
-    18726, 18190, 18749, 18263, 18862, 18279, 18880, 18327, 18958, 18344,
-    18969, 18434, 19094, 18456, 19122, 18482, 19162, 18487, 19173, 18558,
-    19319, 18581, 19346, 18500, 19199, 18522, 19237, 18623, 19401, 18316,
-    18934, 18404, 18816, 18464, 19137, 18635, 19416, 18166, 18723, 18247,
-    18846, 18430, 19090, 18443, 19109, 18431, 19091, 18432, 19092, 18620,
-    19398, 19012, 19061, 19238, 18830, 18843, 19154, 18192, 18225, 18798,
-    18374, 18524, 19206, 19411, 18306, 18924, 18212, 18585, 18539, 18281,
-    18883, 18359, 18991, 18512, 19152, 18489, 19176, 18622, 19396, 19288,
-    18758, 19289, 18774, 19126, 18790, 18813, 18821, 19185, 19215, 19219,
-    19132, 19180, 19182, 18805, 18831, 18921, 19222, 18682, 18928, 19192,
-    19265, 18941, 18947, 18971, 18982, 18660, 19018, 19007, 19026, 19033,
-    19291, 19292, 19052, 19065, 19074, 18693, 18778, 18667, 18804, 19148,
-    19276, 19279, 19282, 19167, 19168, 19163, 19183, 18669, 18661, 19212,
-    18889, 18832, 19232, 18893, 19283, 19250, 19308, 19349, 19362, 19285,
-    19300, 19293, 18700, 19415, 19405, 18895, 18897, 18709, 18711, 18650,
-    18702, 18648, 18680, 18803, 18683, 18689, 18988, 19298, 18662, 19151,
-    18710, 18654, 18840, 18826, 18841, 19303, 19252, 19302, 18910, 19040,
-    19041, 18647, 18649, 19266, 19267, 23222, 23223, 23231, 23253, 23280,
-    23283, 23178, 23300, 23302, 23151, 23094, 23308, 23005, 23159, 23161,
-    23137, 23110, 23157, 23139, 23163, 23310, 23096, 23086, 5759, 23314,
-    23140, 23004, 23109, 23135, 23126, 23132, 23131, 23307, 23117, 23038,
-    23037, 23309, 23095, 23150, 23148, 4629, 10885, 27334, 25266, 28928,
-    10944, 23164, 23087, 23221, 23233, 23260, 23301, 23257, 23101, 23116,
-    23144, 23129, 23106, 23316, 23315, 23313, 23311, 23093, 23122, 23134,
-    23124, 23127, 23128, 23147, 23146, 23145, 23130, 23156, 23007, 23107,
-    23008, 23108, 23166, 23149, 23123, 7961, 7759, 7843, 8125, 8067, 8087,
-    7769, 7868, 7865, 7974, 8112, 7894, 7775, 8140, 7893, 7895, 7777, 7977,
-    8133, 7780, 8095, 7781, 7962, 7760, 8052, 8108, 8046, 7976, 8049, 8135,
-    7899, 8092, 8076, 8091, 8096, 7871, 7867, 8111, 7782, 7845, 8085, 8139,
-    7772, 7980, 7776, 7844, 7771, 7978, 8129, 8072, 8066, 7896, 8128, 8116,
-    8064, 8115, 8063, 8103, 7979, 8119, 8123, 8147, 8141, 7882, 7963, 7761,
-    7971, 7970, 7973, 7972, 7773, 7908, 7892, 8045, 8078, 7975, 7768, 8053,
-    8134, 7966, 8099, 8050, 7909, 8146, 8041, 8100, 8098, 8104, 7870, 7765,
-    7887, 8114, 7876, 7875, 7879, 7880, 7888, 7877, 7886, 7993, 8001, 8006,
-    8014, 8017, 7999, 8031, 8033, 8035, 8020, 8023, 8038, 8039, 13936, 14200,
-    13831, 14067, 14018, 14014, 13925, 14182, 35762, 35762, 14257, 14207,
-    14208, 14206, 14262, 13939, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 14222, 13952,
-    13829, 13805, 13862, 13852, 13876, 35762, 13908, 35762, 13923, 13898,
-    14114, 13808, 13935, 13933, 13931, 13853, 13937, 13832, 13929, 13863,
-    13932, 13938, 13940, 13941, 13942, 13899, 13928, 13909, 35762, 13911,
-    13930, 13914, 13926, 13934, 13927, 13878, 13868, 13919, 14064, 14079,
-    14104, 14123, 14134, 14039, 14199, 14197, 14069, 14070, 14201, 14080,
-    14194, 14105, 14145, 14202, 14203, 14204, 14205, 14172, 14185, 14186,
-    14196, 14192, 14195, 14125, 14183, 14198, 14184, 14147, 14110, 14130,
-    14181, 14143, 14171, 13947, 14259, 14218, 14226, 14224, 14225, 14034,
-    14035, 13999, 14010, 14066, 14009, 14191, 14012, 14068, 14011, 14146,
-    14008, 14189, 8225, 8319, 8203, 8297, 8199, 8293, 8197, 8291, 8195, 8289,
-    8224, 8318, 8194, 8288, 13998, 14037, 14015, 14013, 13948, 14016, 14038,
-    13913, 14193, 13943, 13912, 14190, 14036, 13945, 13946, 13944, 9913,
-    9915, 9862, 9901, 9837, 9866, 9853, 9972, 9985, 9809, 9812, 9826, 9940,
-    9910, 9953, 9870, 9838, 9854, 9986, 9895, 9874, 9912, 9979, 9975, 9908,
-    9951, 9925, 9876, 9892, 9881, 9944, 9813, 9887, 9890, 9823, 9832, 9894,
-    9902, 9829, 9855, 9958, 9956, 9906, 9969, 9961, 9875, 9974, 9966, 9997,
-    10013, 10186, 10054, 10033, 10071, 10179, 10175, 10067, 10129, 10084,
-    10035, 10051, 10040, 10110, 10115, 10046, 10049, 10147, 10157, 10053,
-    10061, 10153, 10014, 10136, 10134, 10065, 10169, 10139, 10034, 10174,
-    10166, 10072, 10074, 10021, 10060, 10162, 10025, 10012, 10172, 10185,
-    10103, 10109, 10150, 10099, 10069, 10131, 10029, 9945, 10111, 9968,
-    10168, 9921, 10080, 9808, 10101, 9917, 10076, 9850, 10009, 9918, 10077,
-    9941, 10100, 9816, 10119, 9984, 10184, 9923, 10082, 9924, 10083, 9836,
-    10161, 9817, 10124, 9946, 10112, 9948, 10114, 9938, 10097, 10217, 7836,
-    7830, 7833, 7831, 7832, 7786, 7839, 9952, 10130, 9965, 10143, 9888,
-    10047, 9897, 10056, 9899, 10058, 9896, 10055, 9981, 10181, 9977, 10177,
-    9926, 10085, 9928, 10087, 9929, 10088, 9848, 10007, 9883, 10042, 9991,
-    10190, 9814, 10116, 9844, 10003, 9891, 10050, 9825, 10149, 9963, 10141,
-    9964, 10142, 9903, 10062, 9990, 10189, 9857, 10016, 9858, 10017, 9954,
-    10132, 9841, 10000, 9842, 10001, 9994, 9982, 10182, 9927, 10086, 9879,
-    10038, 9886, 10045, 9885, 10044, 9939, 10098, 9893, 10052, 10118, 9840,
-    9999, 9839, 9998, 9989, 10188, 9914, 10073, 9949, 10127, 9950, 10128,
-    9980, 10180, 9976, 10176, 9843, 10002, 9911, 10070, 9909, 10068, 9947,
-    10113, 9846, 10005, 9847, 10006, 9889, 10048, 9835, 10160, 9834, 10159,
-    9833, 10158, 9856, 10015, 9898, 10057, 9970, 10170, 9900, 10059, 9904,
-    10063, 9905, 10064, 9932, 10091, 9931, 10090, 9937, 10096, 9930, 10089,
-    9933, 10092, 9934, 10093, 9935, 10094, 9936, 10095, 9821, 10123, 9880,
-    10039, 9810, 10104, 9822, 10126, 9967, 10167, 9988, 10187, 9987, 10165,
-    9845, 10004, 9877, 10036, 9882, 10041, 9815, 10117, 9955, 10133, 9884,
-    10043, 9868, 10027, 9872, 10031, 9878, 10037, 35762, 2429, 2436, 2420,
-    2442, 2416, 2440, 2417, 2418, 2407, 2439, 2435, 2432, 2434, 2412, 2424,
-    2441, 2422, 2419, 2410, 2437, 2408, 2438, 2427, 2431, 2411, 2426, 2421,
-    2415, 2428, 2430, 2406, 2414, 2413, 2409, 2425, 2423, 2443, 2433, 35762,
-    35762, 2493, 2405, 2445, 2446, 2444, 2497, 2404, 2466, 2469, 2479, 2457,
-    2485, 2453, 2483, 2454, 2455, 2468, 2482, 2478, 2475, 2477, 2449, 2461,
-    2484, 2459, 2456, 2447, 2480, 2472, 2481, 2464, 2471, 2448, 2463, 2458,
-    2452, 2465, 2470, 2467, 2451, 2450, 2474, 2462, 2460, 2486, 2476, 2487,
-    2473, 2496, 2494, 35762, 35762, 27207, 19558, 2495, 35762, 15349, 15352,
-    15353, 15360, 15361, 15357, 15364, 15362, 15347, 15359, 15356, 15340,
-    15341, 15342, 15350, 15355, 15348, 15337, 15345, 15346, 15343, 15344,
-    15339, 15351, 15354, 15358, 15365, 15366, 15338, 15363, 15444, 15460,
-    15448, 15446, 15447, 15449, 15462, 15458, 15452, 15454, 15450, 15451,
-    15456, 15445, 15463, 15469, 15457, 15466, 15459, 15461, 15467, 15443,
-    15442, 15468, 15455, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762,
-    35762, 15367, 15374, 15417, 15415, 15392, 15423, 15397, 15394, 15409,
-    15434, 15383, 15377, 15419, 15389, 15421, 15388, 15395, 15399, 15373,
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-    35762, 35762, 15470, 15438, 15441, 15439, 15465, 15464, 35762, 35762,
-    35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 2249,
-    2283, 1081, 2284, 2285, 2248, 2392, 2393, 2259, 2390, 2391, 2582, 1056,
-    1063, 2253, 2289, 2282, 2288, 2280, 2281, 2290, 2310, 2296, 2325, 2292,
-    2341, 2340, 2276, 1367, 1072, 2380, 2388, 1322, 1275, 1139, 1129, 1554,
-    1132, 1570, 1111, 1153, 1497, 1496, 1517, 1301, 1260, 1341, 1178, 1514,
-    1419, 1596, 1453, 1466, 1445, 1193, 1475, 1591, 1101, 1247, 1328, 1325,
-    1222, 1221, 1220, 2368, 1227, 1410, 1312, 1346, 1359, 1383, 1277, 1549,
-    1147, 1561, 1079, 1061, 1091, 1073, 1057, 1087, 2277, 2345, 2102, 1086,
-    1085, 2344, 2266, 2103, 2389, 2384, 2383, 2385, 2260, 1074, 2387, 2400,
-    2402, 2399, 2398, 2395, 2394, 2397, 2396, 2403, 2401, 2257, 1068, 2382,
-    1082, 1205, 1207, 1472, 1144, 1136, 1135, 1297, 1298, 1300, 1535, 1299,
-    1523, 1529, 1173, 1505, 1504, 1398, 1509, 1168, 1270, 1268, 1378, 1208,
-    1267, 1484, 1491, 1202, 1187, 1179, 1180, 1190, 1199, 1213, 1183, 1186,
-    1436, 1422, 1433, 1430, 1423, 1431, 1426, 1309, 1429, 1454, 1457, 1458,
-    1448, 1447, 1478, 1104, 1206, 1230, 1228, 1542, 1232, 1405, 1413, 1414,
-    1323, 1474, 1317, 1316, 1368, 1314, 1238, 1241, 1369, 1240, 1254, 1239,
-    1350, 1348, 1352, 1351, 1392, 1384, 1439, 1393, 1389, 1288, 1486, 1285,
-    1278, 1279, 1500, 1558, 1335, 1588, 1534, 1585, 1338, 1557, 1541, 1216,
-    1579, 1575, 1551, 1600, 1580, 1562, 1565, 1083, 1152, 2299, 2298, 2301,
-    2300, 2327, 2309, 2307, 1071, 2367, 2324, 2323, 2293, 2302, 2339, 2303,
-    2343, 2342, 2321, 2304, 2255, 1070, 1069, 2264, 2338, 1182, 1427, 13052,
-    13054, 13051, 13050, 13047, 13046, 13049, 13048, 13055, 13053, 1467,
-    1194, 1249, 2287, 2286, 1284, 29867, 29941, 29938, 29939, 29935, 29876,
-    29863, 29864, 29940, 29937, 29862, 29872, 29871, 29870, 35762, 29860,
-    29908, 29904, 29918, 29914, 29915, 29878, 29877, 29879, 29921, 29919,
-    29880, 29911, 29912, 29916, 29917, 29909, 29881, 29893, 29920, 29900,
-    29907, 29922, 29894, 29898, 29906, 29910, 29899, 29905, 29913, 29895,
-    29897, 29896, 29927, 29926, 29925, 29930, 29929, 29928, 29932, 29931,
-    29866, 29865, 29875, 29874, 29873, 29869, 29868, 29933, 29947, 29948,
-    29934, 29945, 29944, 29943, 29942, 29924, 29923, 29946, 29861, 35762,
-    35762, 29901, 29902, 29903, 1159, 1162, 1157, 1158, 1160, 1161, 1155,
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-    31891, 31879, 31910, 31895, 31884, 31883, 31906, 31893, 31886, 31887,
-    31904, 31882, 31912, 31905, 31917, 31898, 31897, 31896, 31908, 31889,
-    31892, 31907, 31913, 31902, 31901, 31881, 31909, 31914, 31880, 31888,
-    31885, 31911, 31875, 31874, 31921, 31877, 31922, 31920, 31876, 31878,
-    31919, 31918, 31923, 31900, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762,
-    35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 24597, 24599,
-    24596, 24595, 24592, 24591, 24594, 24593, 24600, 24598, 24632, 24619,
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-    24610, 24626, 24611, 24609, 24623, 24630, 24631, 24612, 24605, 24604,
-    24606, 24584, 24585, 24586, 24582, 24579, 24580, 24581, 24583, 24587,
-    24636, 24635, 24638, 24637, 24588, 24639, 24601, 35762, 35762, 24589,
-    24590, 24640, 27560, 27547, 27561, 27549, 27552, 27548, 27563, 27551,
-    27558, 27567, 27553, 27554, 27564, 27566, 27555, 27550, 27568, 27559,
-    27565, 27562, 27556, 27557, 27570, 27571, 27574, 27569, 27575, 27572,
-    27594, 27604, 27599, 27593, 27603, 27598, 27592, 27602, 27576, 27600,
-    27596, 27606, 27577, 27595, 27605, 27597, 27601, 27573, 35762, 35762,
-    27584, 27578, 27580, 27583, 27581, 27585, 27607, 27590, 27588, 27591,
-    27587, 27589, 27582, 27586, 27579, 35762, 20924, 20911, 20913, 20912,
-    20914, 20923, 20921, 20926, 20906, 20904, 20903, 20915, 20916, 20917,
-    20907, 20925, 20918, 20909, 20919, 20920, 20908, 20905, 20922, 20927,
-    20910, 20931, 20929, 20928, 35762, 35762, 20930, 35762, 29886, 29891,
-    29887, 29889, 29885, 29884, 29888, 29892, 29883, 29882, 29890, 35762,
-    35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 1125, 1115, 1126, 1142, 1124, 1112, 1121,
-    1118, 1122, 1120, 1143, 1117, 1128, 1114, 1116, 1127, 1113, 1119, 1123,
-    2369, 2370, 2372, 1522, 2265, 2258, 1391, 1262, 1479, 1477, 1327, 2386,
-    35762, 2254, 2256, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 2311, 2332,
-    2331, 2334, 2101, 2349, 1064, 1084, 1156, 1163, 1302, 1476, 1229, 1411,
-    1347, 1360, 1576, 1578, 1432, 1550, 1444, 1358, 1184, 1446, 1242, 1473,
-    1599, 1103, 1315, 1412, 1154, 1399, 1502, 1421, 1577, 1099, 1097, 1100,
-    1400, 1503, 1524, 1485, 1329, 1248, 1098, 1304, 1303, 1349, 1259, 2291,
-    2294, 2322, 2317, 2326, 1095, 1094, 2348, 1096, 1093, 2337, 2312, 2308,
-    2329, 2328, 2305, 2330, 2313, 2315, 2314, 2316, 2319, 2318, 2295, 2306,
-    1067, 2381, 1052, 1050, 1054, 1053, 1051, 1055, 2375, 2377, 2379, 2374,
-    2376, 2378, 2252, 2251, 2250, 2320, 1076, 1075, 1088, 1606, 2261, 1605,
-    2263, 1065, 1066, 2262, 1060, 2104, 10466, 10454, 10468, 10473, 10389,
-    10363, 10364, 10433, 10434, 10412, 10413, 10428, 10430, 10371, 10390,
-    10441, 10365, 10372, 10391, 10395, 10366, 10406, 10405, 10384, 10382,
-    10418, 10369, 10373, 10403, 10401, 10419, 10425, 10424, 10377, 10376,
-    10417, 10427, 10426, 10379, 10378, 10420, 10416, 10436, 10435, 10400,
-    10399, 10387, 10411, 10409, 10408, 10423, 10422, 10421, 10432, 10392,
-    10393, 10394, 10386, 10486, 10485, 10470, 10467, 10476, 10498, 10499,
-    10488, 10489, 10494, 10495, 10482, 10492, 10500, 10477, 10483, 10493,
-    10484, 10478, 10472, 10487, 10479, 10514, 10475, 10474, 10358, 10355,
-    10481, 10491, 10490, 10440, 10404, 10381, 10438, 10374, 10407, 10439,
-    10410, 10429, 10431, 10496, 10497, 10502, 10501, 10509, 10511, 10508,
-    10507, 10504, 10503, 10506, 10505, 10512, 10510, 10356, 10471, 10370,
-    10397, 10396, 10367, 10415, 10414, 10388, 10437, 10385, 10383, 10402,
-    10380, 10375, 10398, 3530, 3599, 3598, 3602, 35762, 3553, 3554, 3567,
-    3568, 3565, 3566, 3547, 3549, 35762, 35762, 3589, 3555, 35762, 35762,
-    3590, 3556, 3540, 3537, 3581, 3580, 3569, 3579, 3578, 3583, 3582, 3571,
-    3562, 3561, 3558, 3557, 3570, 3564, 3563, 3560, 3559, 3572, 35762, 3585,
-    3584, 3577, 3576, 3588, 3552, 3541, 35762, 3587, 35762, 35762, 35762,
-    3573, 3574, 3575, 3586, 35762, 35762, 3600, 3597, 3604, 3613, 3614, 3611,
-    3612, 3607, 3608, 35762, 35762, 3615, 3605, 35762, 35762, 3616, 3606,
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-    12786, 12785, 12783, 12787, 12904, 12911, 12909, 12905, 12907, 12906,
-    12910, 12908, 12896, 12903, 12902, 12897, 12901, 12900, 12898, 12899,
-    12618, 12625, 12623, 12619, 12621, 12620, 12624, 12616, 12794, 12801,
-    12800, 12795, 12799, 12798, 12796, 12792, 12841, 12753, 12622, 35762,
-    35762, 12506, 12508, 12507, 12525, 13028, 13026, 12509, 12524, 12510,
-    12523, 13027, 12522, 13024, 13022, 13021, 13018, 13017, 13020, 13019,
-    13025, 13023, 12511, 12514, 12513, 12518, 12517, 12521, 12520, 12516,
-    12519, 12515, 12512, 35762, 35762, 35762, 12847, 12746, 12744, 12743,
-    12845, 12529, 12527, 12526, 12846, 12617, 12615, 12614, 12848, 12793,
-    12791, 12790, 13016, 13007, 13013, 13014, 13009, 13011, 13015, 13010,
-    13008, 13012, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 6081, 6082, 6083,
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-    6011, 6012, 6013, 6014, 6050, 6051, 6052, 6053, 6054, 6055, 6056, 6057,
-    6058, 6059, 6060, 6015, 6008, 6016, 6017, 6018, 6019, 6020, 6021, 6062,
-    6063, 6064, 6065, 6066, 6067, 6023, 6022, 6024, 6025, 6026, 6027, 6028,
-    6002, 6041, 6003, 6042, 6004, 6043, 6005, 6006, 6007, 6001, 6029, 6030,
-    6031, 6032, 6033, 6034, 6035, 6036, 6037, 6038, 6039, 6040, 6068, 6069,
-    6070, 6071, 6072, 6073, 6074, 6075, 6076, 6077, 6078, 6079, 6061, 35762,
-    35762, 6161, 6162, 6163, 6164, 6165, 6147, 35762, 35762, 5223, 5195,
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-    5203, 5216, 5210, 5215, 5205, 5197, 5227, 5388, 4974, 5409, 5402, 5407,
-    5408, 5404, 5405, 5663, 5037, 5038, 5400, 5401, 5399, 5578, 5397, 5576,
-    5398, 5577, 5392, 5574, 5393, 5575, 5395, 5572, 5396, 5573, 5662, 5391,
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-    5625, 5534, 5626, 5310, 5491, 5526, 5527, 5528, 5525, 5246, 5240, 5244,
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-    5183, 5611, 5306, 4997, 5447, 5272, 5280, 5289, 5290, 5275, 5276, 5667,
-    5278, 5279, 5288, 5570, 5286, 5568, 5287, 5569, 5284, 5566, 5285, 5567,
-    5282, 5564, 5283, 5565, 5308, 5271, 5563, 5291, 4972, 5448, 5364, 5325,
-    5362, 5363, 5352, 5353, 5668, 5296, 5324, 5361, 5589, 5355, 5587, 5356,
-    5588, 5309, 5292, 5070, 5365, 5270, 5257, 5268, 5269, 5266, 5267, 5666,
-    5255, 5256, 5265, 5557, 5263, 5555, 5264, 5556, 5261, 5553, 5262, 5554,
-    5259, 5551, 5260, 5552, 5247, 5550, 5273, 5490, 5450, 5488, 5489, 5469,
-    5474, 5669, 5430, 5449, 5483, 5609, 5481, 5607, 5482, 5608, 5479, 5605,
-    5480, 5606, 5477, 5603, 5478, 5604, 5302, 5429, 4973, 5476, 4993, 5277,
-    5297, 5303, 5300, 5301, 5298, 5299, 5468, 5466, 5467, 5460, 5461, 5463,
-    5464, 5459, 5602, 5457, 5600, 5458, 5601, 5452, 5598, 5453, 5599, 5455,
-    5596, 5456, 5597, 5451, 5690, 5676, 5688, 5689, 5678, 5679, 5671, 5674,
-    5675, 5687, 5586, 5685, 5584, 5686, 5585, 5683, 5582, 5684, 5583, 5681,
-    5580, 5682, 5581, 5311, 5661, 4994, 5579, 5446, 5428, 5412, 5562, 5422,
-    5426, 5427, 5424, 5425, 5560, 5420, 5421, 5558, 5414, 5591, 5410, 5590,
-    5274, 5222, 5201, 5202, 5217, 5219, 5220, 5199, 5200, 5221, 5632, 5198,
-    5510, 5295, 5508, 5293, 5509, 5294, 5506, 5507, 5504, 5505, 5502, 5624,
-    5492, 5523, 5524, 5520, 5518, 5517, 5541, 5542, 5543, 5540, 5350, 5348,
-    5349, 5346, 5347, 5344, 5345, 5343, 5351, 5224, 5369, 5373, 5374, 5371,
-    5372, 5367, 5368, 5366, 5515, 5516, 5511, 5514, 5593, 5594, 5595, 5592,
-    5330, 5334, 5335, 5332, 5333, 5328, 5329, 5327, 5336, 5444, 5445, 5440,
-    5443, 5652, 5653, 5654, 5651, 5643, 5253, 5254, 5251, 5252, 5249, 5250,
-    5248, 5500, 5498, 5499, 5496, 5497, 5494, 5495, 5493, 4971, 4990, 4991,
-    4992, 4989, 4978, 4979, 4980, 4977, 4986, 4987, 4988, 4985, 4982, 4983,
-    4984, 4981, 5435, 5436, 5432, 5434, 5020, 5019, 5015, 5016, 5018, 5017,
-    5166, 5165, 5161, 5162, 5164, 5163, 5172, 5171, 5167, 5168, 5170, 5169,
-    5036, 5035, 5031, 5032, 5034, 5033, 5130, 5129, 5125, 5126, 5128, 5127,
-    5124, 5123, 5119, 5120, 5122, 5121, 5093, 5092, 5088, 5089, 5091, 5090,
-    5087, 5029, 5028, 5025, 5026, 5027, 5023, 5066, 5065, 5061, 5062, 5064,
-    5063, 5060, 5059, 5055, 5056, 5058, 5057, 5054, 5073, 5072, 5067, 5068,
-    5071, 5069, 5160, 5159, 5155, 5156, 5158, 5157, 5178, 5177, 5173, 5174,
-    5176, 5175, 5053, 5437, 5052, 5047, 5048, 5051, 5439, 5050, 5046, 5045,
-    5041, 5042, 5044, 5043, 5148, 5147, 5143, 5144, 5146, 5145, 5007, 5006,
-    5002, 5003, 5005, 5004, 5142, 5141, 5137, 5138, 5140, 5139, 5106, 5105,
-    5101, 5102, 5104, 5103, 5112, 5111, 5107, 5108, 5110, 5109, 5100, 5099,
-    5095, 5096, 5098, 5097, 5094, 5040, 5013, 5012, 5008, 5009, 5011, 5010,
-    5086, 5085, 5081, 5082, 5084, 5083, 5080, 5079, 5075, 5076, 5078, 5077,
-    5074, 5136, 5135, 5131, 5132, 5134, 5133, 5154, 5153, 5149, 5150, 5152,
-    5151, 5118, 5117, 5113, 5114, 5116, 5115, 5189, 5218, 5370, 5331, 5341,
-    5342, 5339, 5340, 5337, 5338, 5650, 5648, 5649, 5646, 5647, 5644, 5645,
-    5655, 4976, 25265, 25240, 25251, 25247, 25257, 25254, 25260, 25263,
-    25264, 25243, 25242, 25262, 25248, 25253, 25258, 25252, 25239, 25255,
-    25261, 25245, 25249, 25244, 25256, 25259, 25250, 25246, 25241, 25237,
-    25238, 35762, 35762, 35762, 27467, 27523, 27517, 27521, 27520, 27515,
-    27513, 27460, 27445, 27491, 27444, 27443, 27488, 27503, 27490, 27494,
-    27495, 27497, 27483, 27449, 27482, 27468, 27461, 27469, 27471, 27516,
-    27473, 27472, 27486, 27500, 27512, 27502, 27454, 27476, 27457, 27480,
-    27470, 27485, 27506, 27477, 27519, 27446, 27509, 27508, 27504, 27447,
-    27525, 27514, 27505, 27452, 27511, 27499, 27455, 27493, 27458, 27518,
-    27487, 27501, 27484, 27453, 27475, 27474, 27456, 27492, 27459, 27479,
-    27451, 27450, 27448, 27510, 27489, 27507, 27478, 27522, 27524, 27526,
-    27527, 27442, 27528, 27529, 27441, 27481, 27498, 27496, 27465, 27464,
-    27466, 27463, 27462, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762,
-    30050, 30067, 30068, 30058, 30056, 30052, 30064, 30055, 30053, 30061,
-    30054, 30060, 30066, 30062, 30059, 30065, 30063, 30057, 30071, 30072,
-    30070, 30069, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762,
-    35762, 30051, 15194, 15195, 15196, 15185, 15183, 15179, 15191, 15182,
-    15180, 15188, 15181, 15187, 15193, 15189, 15186, 15192, 15190, 15184,
-    15198, 15199, 15197, 26633, 26634, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762,
-    35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 4689, 4690, 4691, 4680, 4678, 4674, 4686,
-    4677, 4675, 4683, 4676, 4682, 4688, 4684, 4681, 4687, 4685, 4679, 4692,
-    4693, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762,
-    35762, 35762, 35762, 30086, 30087, 30088, 30078, 30077, 30073, 30083,
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-    35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 17762, 17760, 17763, 17761, 17764,
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-    17778, 17774, 17779, 17775, 17767, 17788, 17768, 17770, 17769, 17784,
-    17787, 17785, 17783, 17786, 17772, 17771, 17773, 17789, 17782, 17790,
-    17737, 17735, 17745, 17746, 17741, 17744, 17742, 17743, 17754, 17755,
-    17752, 17753, 17747, 17736, 17740, 17739, 17738, 17857, 17856, 17858,
-    17863, 17865, 17869, 17871, 17873, 17875, 17874, 17866, 17870, 17864,
-    17876, 17860, 17861, 17868, 17862, 17811, 17805, 17810, 17812, 17807,
-    17796, 17804, 17806, 17801, 17793, 17794, 17813, 17800, 17795, 17802,
-    17797, 17799, 17808, 17798, 17809, 17803, 17734, 17791, 17792, 35762,
-    35762, 17883, 17885, 17882, 17881, 17878, 17877, 17880, 17879, 17886,
-    17884, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 17835, 17834, 17831,
-    17833, 17832, 17826, 17829, 17830, 17828, 17827, 35762, 35762, 35762,
-    35762, 35762, 35762, 23479, 23491, 23487, 23336, 23486, 23337, 23484,
-    23475, 23488, 23489, 23490, 23335, 23334, 23333, 23485, 23332, 23328,
-    23330, 23327, 23326, 23323, 23322, 23325, 23324, 23331, 23329, 35762,
-    35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 23340, 23454, 23471, 23456, 23458,
-    23457, 23459, 23455, 23465, 23368, 23460, 23466, 23467, 23463, 23372,
-    23453, 23415, 23414, 23445, 23461, 23369, 23464, 23470, 23468, 23469,
-    23462, 23451, 23450, 23444, 23448, 23449, 23447, 23452, 23446, 23371,
-    23424, 23442, 23443, 23431, 23433, 23432, 23434, 23418, 23435, 23438,
-    23439, 23427, 23437, 23426, 23420, 23429, 23422, 23425, 23441, 23440,
-    23436, 23428, 23430, 23421, 23423, 23419, 23413, 23398, 23399, 23407,
-    23406, 23403, 23411, 23394, 23396, 23412, 23401, 23393, 23408, 23410,
-    23409, 23395, 23397, 23392, 23405, 23402, 23400, 23404, 23391, 23389,
-    23390, 23388, 23387, 23370, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762,
-    35762, 23342, 23344, 23346, 23353, 23352, 23360, 23356, 23341, 23351,
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-    23361, 23365, 23363, 23364, 23343, 23417, 23416, 23380, 23385, 23376,
-    23381, 23377, 23373, 23378, 23374, 23386, 23375, 23383, 23384, 23350,
-    23349, 23379, 23347, 23382, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 5390,
-    4975, 4969, 5658, 5406, 5403, 5394, 5532, 5241, 5232, 5281, 5354, 5326,
-    5258, 5475, 5431, 5462, 5465, 5454, 5680, 5677, 5423, 5359, 5379, 5360,
-    5380, 5357, 5377, 5358, 5378, 5419, 5417, 5418, 5415, 5416, 5413, 5386,
-    5387, 5384, 5383, 5385, 5376, 5381, 5382, 5196, 5640, 5209, 5208, 5411,
-    5561, 5559, 5503, 5501, 5522, 5521, 5519, 5513, 5512, 5442, 5441, 5433,
-    5022, 4999, 5024, 5021, 5438, 5049, 4995, 4996, 5000, 35762, 35762,
-    35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 19858, 19825,
-    19824, 19805, 19804, 19811, 19819, 19818, 19823, 19822, 19810, 19808,
-    19806, 19821, 19820, 19812, 19827, 19826, 19817, 19816, 19830, 19809,
-    19831, 19829, 19832, 19813, 19814, 19815, 19828, 19803, 19807, 35762,
-    19849, 19856, 19857, 19855, 19850, 19853, 19851, 19854, 19852, 19848,
-    19846, 19847, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 19840, 19837, 19839, 19845,
-    19838, 19843, 19842, 19844, 19841, 19834, 19833, 19835, 35762, 35762,
-    35762, 35762, 19836, 35762, 35762, 35762, 19859, 19860, 19867, 19869,
-    19866, 19865, 19862, 19861, 19864, 19863, 19870, 19868, 30111, 30123,
-    30106, 30103, 30121, 30124, 30105, 30104, 30118, 30113, 30112, 30119,
-    30116, 30122, 30117, 30120, 30110, 30102, 30107, 30091, 30125, 30095,
-    30096, 30114, 30109, 30108, 30115, 30094, 30092, 30093, 35762, 35762,
-    30097, 30098, 30099, 30100, 30101, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762,
-    35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 24411, 24433, 24393, 24395,
-    24398, 24415, 24417, 24420, 24401, 24397, 24413, 24423, 24419, 24435,
-    24402, 24400, 24399, 24424, 24422, 24421, 24404, 24403, 24410, 24426,
-    24425, 24432, 24407, 24412, 24409, 24429, 24434, 24431, 24408, 24406,
-    24405, 24430, 24428, 24427, 24392, 24394, 24414, 24416, 24396, 24418,
-    35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 24456, 24441, 24445, 24451, 24454, 24457,
-    24443, 24447, 24448, 24452, 24444, 24442, 24455, 24450, 24449, 24453,
-    24446, 24391, 24386, 24385, 24390, 24389, 24388, 24387, 24438, 24439,
-    35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 24464, 24466, 24463, 24462,
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-    17838, 17840, 17825, 17823, 17815, 17819, 17821, 17817, 17849, 17854,
-    17847, 17850, 17852, 17845, 17843, 17841, 17837, 17839, 17824, 17822,
-    17814, 17818, 17820, 17816, 4658, 4655, 4647, 4646, 4660, 4652, 4645,
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-    4664, 4662, 4666, 4656, 4669, 4671, 4668, 4670, 4667, 35762, 35762, 4673,
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-    30162, 30163, 30171, 30190, 30208, 30184, 30197, 30198, 30195, 30196,
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-    30236, 30242, 30237, 30245, 30241, 30218, 30230, 30231, 30211, 30212,
-    30213, 30222, 30221, 30214, 35762, 35762, 30135, 30142, 30144, 30141,
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-    35762, 35762, 35762, 30152, 30154, 30151, 30150, 30147, 30146, 30149,
-    30148, 30155, 30153, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 30228,
-    30229, 30226, 30217, 30210, 30232, 30223, 30220, 30215, 30216, 30224,
-    30225, 30209, 30233, 35762, 35762, 7898, 7866, 7982, 7900, 8132, 8145,
-    8144, 8084, 7881, 8061, 8120, 8090, 7885, 8089, 8088, 8030, 8024, 8047,
-    8106, 8048, 8107, 8118, 8077, 7981, 8093, 7884, 7883, 8130, 8008, 8009,
-    8010, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762,
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-    35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762,
-    35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762,
-    35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762,
-    2698, 2697, 2700, 2696, 2699, 2608, 2609, 2625, 2626, 2629, 2630, 2647,
-    2648, 2638, 2639, 2622, 2612, 2627, 2628, 2633, 2635, 2623, 2624, 2642,
-    2615, 2616, 2631, 2632, 2643, 2654, 2653, 2619, 2618, 2641, 2652, 2655,
-    2617, 2620, 2640, 2644, 2645, 2613, 2614, 2660, 2662, 2646, 2637, 2661,
-    2650, 2651, 2649, 2659, 2701, 2712, 2715, 2716, 2706, 2707, 2704, 2705,
-    2702, 2703, 2708, 2709, 2711, 2710, 2713, 2714, 2717, 2634, 2636, 2656,
-    2621, 2657, 2658, 2610, 2611, 35762, 35762, 35762, 2725, 2727, 2724,
-    2723, 2720, 2719, 2722, 2721, 2728, 2726, 2694, 2691, 2718, 2605, 2607,
-    2606, 2693, 2680, 2678, 2681, 2672, 2673, 2679, 2675, 2677, 2676, 2674,
-    2670, 2669, 2665, 2663, 2667, 2666, 2664, 2668, 2671, 2690, 2689, 2688,
-    2687, 2682, 2684, 2685, 2686, 2683, 2695, 2692, 35762, 29705, 29703,
-    29704, 29656, 29691, 29693, 29658, 29692, 29668, 29669, 29676, 29684,
-    29679, 29670, 29677, 29681, 29690, 29671, 29685, 29678, 29672, 29683,
-    29661, 29686, 29674, 29682, 29689, 29665, 29663, 29687, 29667, 29688,
-    29680, 29651, 29652, 29653, 29711, 29710, 29712, 29709, 29707, 29708,
-    29702, 29706, 29654, 29655, 29675, 29666, 29719, 29721, 29718, 29717,
-    29714, 29713, 29716, 29715, 29722, 29720, 29650, 29664, 29662, 29673,
-    29659, 29660, 3488, 3474, 3482, 3466, 3454, 3478, 3477, 3463, 3469, 3462,
-    3455, 3486, 3472, 3464, 3481, 3465, 3483, 3480, 3485, 3470, 3453, 3468,
-    3475, 3458, 3476, 3471, 3456, 3487, 3473, 3460, 3484, 3467, 3461, 3479,
-    3459, 3457, 3489, 3490, 3497, 3503, 3500, 3504, 3505, 3501, 3506, 3502,
-    3498, 3499, 3451, 3452, 3491, 3492, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762,
-    35762, 35762, 35762, 3496, 3494, 3495, 3493, 19688, 19687, 19686, 19700,
-    19699, 19705, 19715, 19714, 19718, 19706, 19713, 19712, 19694, 19707,
-    19691, 19690, 19689, 19698, 19697, 19696, 19695, 19704, 19703, 19709,
-    19708, 19693, 19723, 19720, 19719, 19702, 19701, 19721, 19717, 19716,
-    19722, 19724, 19733, 19732, 19738, 19740, 19736, 19737, 19734, 19735,
-    19739, 19677, 19682, 19681, 19679, 19683, 19684, 19685, 19680, 19678,
-    19731, 19730, 35762, 35762, 35762, 19725, 19728, 19729, 19727, 19726,
-    19747, 19749, 19746, 19745, 19742, 19741, 19744, 19743, 19750, 19748,
-    35762, 35762, 35762, 19711, 19710, 19692, 25311, 25313, 25310, 25309,
-    25306, 25305, 25308, 25307, 25314, 25312, 25284, 25275, 25273, 25272,
-    25274, 25285, 25269, 25268, 25270, 25271, 25287, 25283, 25281, 25280,
-    25282, 25289, 25295, 25296, 25294, 25297, 25286, 25279, 25276, 25278,
-    25277, 25288, 25290, 25291, 25293, 25292, 25299, 25300, 25298, 25304,
-    25303, 25315, 25302, 25301, 10125, 10102, 10108, 10164, 10146, 10154,
-    10144, 10145, 10163, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762,
-    13460, 13491, 13468, 13497, 13466, 13496, 13489, 13486, 13498, 13478,
-    13480, 13492, 13494, 13499, 13482, 13488, 13490, 13484, 13487, 13500,
-    13481, 13477, 13467, 13495, 13483, 13461, 13464, 13476, 13463, 13462,
-    13493, 13475, 13471, 13474, 13472, 13502, 13469, 13473, 13503, 13501,
-    13465, 13485, 13459, 35762, 35762, 13458, 13470, 13479, 29701, 29699,
-    29700, 29698, 29697, 29696, 29695, 29694, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762,
-    35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 33625, 33638, 33627, 33605, 33619, 33633,
-    33634, 33635, 33620, 33636, 33623, 33631, 33626, 33624, 33632, 33630,
-    33629, 33637, 33618, 33616, 33607, 33614, 33606, 33617, 33615, 33596,
-    33597, 33599, 33600, 33612, 33610, 33611, 33609, 33598, 33602, 33608,
-    33621, 33604, 33613, 33601, 33628, 33622, 33603, 35762, 35762, 35762,
-    35762, 35762, 18684, 18685, 19290, 18681, 18686, 18687, 18658, 18657,
-    19275, 19268, 18690, 18691, 18664, 18692, 18670, 18665, 18666, 19225,
-    19226, 19227, 19270, 18668, 19262, 18784, 18694, 18671, 18679, 18674,
-    18697, 19230, 19229, 19228, 18698, 18699, 18701, 18659, 18712, 18646,
-    14004, 14007, 14003, 14006, 14002, 9995, 23018, 23019, 23009, 23010,
-    23021, 23022, 23012, 23024, 23014, 23025, 23026, 23027, 23028, 23029,
-    23030, 23013, 23016, 23017, 23031, 23011, 23033, 23034, 23036, 23167,
-    23274, 23168, 23276, 23171, 23196, 23210, 23264, 23249, 23279, 23217,
-    23287, 23298, 23227, 23214, 23247, 23250, 23271, 23173, 23251, 23266,
-    23291, 23265, 23277, 23295, 23169, 23175, 23218, 23201, 23219, 23195,
-    19431, 19439, 19441, 19442, 14213, 14209, 14212, 14211, 14210, 19351,
-    18770, 18819, 18905, 19047, 19067, 19144, 19171, 19164, 19209, 19245,
-    19413, 19297, 23085, 18976, 19255, 18714, 18983, 19140, 18715, 19350,
-    18771, 18823, 18906, 18919, 19002, 19029, 19048, 19073, 19145, 19174,
-    19210, 18892, 19358, 19385, 19414, 18733, 18759, 18822, 18882, 19133,
-    19181, 19218, 18973, 19129, 18894, 19337, 18900, 23275, 23176, 23194,
-    23212, 23258, 23215, 23202, 23263, 23286, 23229, 23230, 23177, 23179,
-    23232, 23236, 23238, 23182, 23228, 23278, 23246, 23245, 23188, 23172,
-    23252, 23262, 23211, 23267, 23293, 23294, 23190, 23297, 23288, 23207,
-    23209, 23208, 23213, 23290, 7874, 7873, 8122, 8121, 8074, 7965, 8073,
-    7758, 7964, 7757, 8022, 7770, 8075, 7897, 8086, 8113, 7983, 8137, 8138,
-    8005, 7996, 7997, 7998, 8000, 8007, 8003, 8032, 7988, 8034, 8011, 7989,
-    7990, 8036, 7991, 7992, 8021, 8025, 8013, 8040, 7995, 8027, 8028, 8026,
-    8004, 8012, 8016, 8037, 8002, 8019, 8029, 7994, 8015, 8018, 8136, 7987,
-    7986, 7869, 8142, 7872, 7864, 7878, 7767, 8042, 8097, 18174, 18731,
-    18210, 18773, 18209, 18772, 18208, 18769, 18217, 18788, 18242, 18825,
-    18241, 18824, 18240, 18820, 18236, 18814, 18237, 18815, 18268, 18868,
-    18269, 18869, 18257, 18856, 18266, 18866, 18248, 18847, 18293, 18908,
-    18301, 18918, 18320, 18938, 18319, 18937, 18317, 18935, 18314, 18932,
-    18313, 18931, 18337, 18965, 18331, 18953, 18368, 19000, 18365, 18997,
-    18369, 19001, 18376, 19014, 18377, 19015, 18387, 19024, 18383, 19011,
-    18391, 19045, 18393, 19050, 18392, 19049, 18411, 19072, 18410, 19071,
-    18405, 19064, 18401, 19059, 18442, 19108, 18441, 19107, 18419, 19100,
-    18420, 19101, 18470, 19143, 18472, 19147, 18481, 19161, 18479, 19159,
-    18480, 19160, 18486, 19166, 18506, 19204, 18504, 19202, 18503, 19195,
-    18498, 19197, 18505, 19203, 18526, 19243, 18525, 19242, 18527, 19246,
-    18521, 19236, 18557, 19318, 18578, 19341, 18550, 19311, 18577, 19340,
-    18569, 19330, 18590, 19361, 18589, 19357, 18603, 19374, 18604, 19375,
-    18600, 19371, 18602, 19373, 18601, 19372, 18609, 19380, 18608, 19379,
-    18614, 19390, 18625, 19404, 18629, 19408, 18631, 19410, 18939, 19241,
-    19376, 19400, 18732, 19038, 19037, 19039, 18515, 18829, 18168, 18725,
-    18184, 18743, 18180, 18739, 18179, 18738, 18178, 18737, 18182, 18741,
-    18181, 18740, 18163, 18720, 18162, 18719, 18161, 18718, 18165, 18722,
-    18164, 18721, 18262, 18861, 18273, 18874, 18265, 18865, 18253, 18852,
-    18252, 18851, 18251, 18850, 18256, 18855, 18255, 18854, 18338, 18966,
-    18328, 18957, 18433, 19093, 18453, 19119, 18425, 19085, 18424, 19084,
-    18423, 19083, 18427, 19087, 18426, 19086, 18450, 19116, 18449, 19115,
-    18448, 19114, 18452, 19118, 18451, 19117, 18560, 19321, 18567, 19328,
-    18564, 19325, 18563, 19324, 18562, 19323, 18566, 19327, 18565, 19326,
-    18615, 19391, 18613, 19389, 18617, 19393, 18621, 19399, 18396, 19053,
-    18397, 19054, 18618, 19394, 14051, 14043, 14056, 14048, 14052, 14044,
-    14054, 14046, 13817, 13809, 13820, 13812, 13818, 13810, 13822, 13814,
-    14074, 14071, 14076, 14073, 14075, 14072, 35762, 35762, 13857, 13854,
-    13859, 13856, 13858, 13855, 35762, 35762, 14089, 14081, 14094, 14086,
-    14090, 14082, 14092, 14084, 13841, 13833, 13844, 13836, 13842, 13834,
-    13846, 13838, 14115, 14106, 14118, 14109, 14117, 14108, 14116, 14107,
-    13869, 13864, 13872, 13867, 13871, 13866, 13870, 13865, 14176, 14173,
-    14178, 14175, 14177, 14174, 35762, 35762, 13903, 13900, 13905, 13902,
-    13904, 13901, 35762, 35762, 14135, 14126, 14138, 14129, 14137, 14128,
-    14136, 14127, 35762, 13915, 35762, 13918, 35762, 13917, 35762, 13916,
-    14156, 14148, 14161, 14153, 14157, 14149, 14159, 14151, 13887, 13879,
-    13890, 13882, 13888, 13880, 13892, 13884, 14041, 14061, 14078, 14077,
-    14101, 14099, 14121, 14122, 14180, 14179, 14141, 14142, 14168, 14166,
-    35762, 35762, 14058, 14050, 14057, 14049, 14053, 14045, 14055, 14047,
-    13824, 13816, 13821, 13813, 13819, 13811, 13823, 13815, 14096, 14088,
-    14095, 14087, 14091, 14083, 14093, 14085, 13848, 13840, 13845, 13837,
-    13843, 13835, 13847, 13839, 14163, 14155, 14162, 14154, 14158, 14150,
-    14160, 14152, 13894, 13886, 13891, 13883, 13889, 13881, 13893, 13885,
-    14040, 14065, 14042, 14063, 14062, 35762, 14059, 14060, 13826, 13830,
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-    13873, 13877, 13874, 13875, 35762, 13957, 13956, 13955, 14140, 14144,
-    14133, 14132, 14188, 14187, 14139, 14131, 13920, 13924, 13921, 13922,
-    13910, 13951, 13950, 14227, 35762, 35762, 14169, 14170, 14167, 35762,
-    14164, 14165, 13907, 13906, 13897, 13896, 13895, 14025, 13954, 35762,
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-    14524, 35568, 35567, 35569, 19570, 27221, 15992, 24652, 13116, 12448,
-    12445, 15946, 10941, 10915, 19515, 27171, 28728, 28726, 19475, 27145,
-    10914, 10909, 10223, 10908, 4694, 32505, 25769, 32572, 15964, 15995,
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-    26884, 10923, 32519, 27088, 27082, 27096, 5706, 28727, 28729, 27105,
-    10945, 16335, 26084, 32621, 5992, 5707, 2513, 15994, 13188, 19523, 27182,
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-    10887, 32530, 33645, 22296, 34177, 13310, 16353, 16355, 16354, 35762,
-    19567, 27218, 13132, 26797, 16249, 7, 16248, 6, 24252, 24650, 29741,
-    29729, 35762, 35762, 29736, 29735, 29738, 29737, 29728, 29742, 29732,
-    29733, 29727, 29731, 29734, 29730, 29615, 29617, 29614, 29613, 29610,
-    29609, 29612, 29611, 29604, 29616, 29605, 29606, 29603, 29607, 29608,
-    35762, 19428, 19429, 19437, 19443, 19427, 19430, 19433, 19434, 19435,
-    19436, 19438, 19426, 19440, 35762, 35762, 35762, 13033, 7755, 8394,
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-    35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762,
-    35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 8051, 8105, 8065, 8117, 7763, 7779,
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-    7903, 7905, 7906, 8094, 7891, 7764, 8131, 8143, 8056, 8062, 8109, 8055,
-    8043, 8101, 7766, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762,
-    35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 0, 100, 10957, 10247,
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-    26689, 27716, 3918, 27717, 27724, 20657, 10959, 24743, 29081, 27719,
-    10955, 10960, 27720, 3919, 10961, 26860, 27066, 27750, 31685, 32492,
-    33639, 10962, 26078, 26086, 16350, 3920, 32563, 17143, 951, 27712, 3916,
-    12503, 27722, 27713, 27714, 32547, 27718, 27725, 346, 3633, 13508, 10236,
-    16246, 27395, 13096, 10969, 10968, 10954, 10956, 10970, 32556, 32557,
-    27092, 32558, 10967, 10963, 10964, 10965, 10966, 26888, 32542, 26504,
-    2584, 32560, 29846, 33781, 33779, 33783, 33784, 33789, 33777, 33788,
-    33787, 33775, 33782, 33774, 33776, 33785, 33773, 33790, 13189, 27365,
-    27376, 27377, 27364, 27361, 27370, 27372, 27380, 27381, 27373, 27379,
-    27375, 27358, 27366, 27362, 27368, 28915, 28919, 28920, 28914, 28911,
-    28923, 28922, 28910, 28924, 28921, 28909, 28918, 28913, 28916, 28912,
-    28917, 27369, 27363, 27374, 27378, 19187, 27371, 27360, 27359, 27367,
-    33791, 32551, 32550, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 19571, 32718, 27223,
-    10989, 19497, 32643, 24682, 24656, 29055, 29069, 19591, 27245, 19654,
-    27322, 19651, 32768, 27321, 11022, 19594, 27248, 19602, 32731, 27230,
-    11003, 32644, 19600, 27254, 19587, 27241, 19505, 19500, 11026, 32728,
-    32729, 10998, 10999, 27237, 10990, 960, 7726, 24684, 19582, 965, 7728,
-    19620, 19614, 32745, 32742, 27282, 27276, 11039, 11036, 27256, 32720,
-    19604, 19666, 32771, 27288, 11047, 19621, 27271, 19657, 19504, 27264,
-    19655, 32735, 27262, 11029, 19502, 32646, 24694, 24668, 29066, 29078,
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-    19581, 27236, 19652, 32772, 27323, 11024, 32773, 32775, 32776, 32777,
-    32779, 32780, 27324, 24683, 29058, 32648, 27132, 11001, 32032, 19601,
-    27255, 19499, 19585, 27239, 19498, 19665, 27287, 19507, 13172, 8153,
-    26414, 32012, 32011, 12437, 16167, 24141, 12386, 24703, 28895, 8161,
-    10707, 28888, 12451, 24100, 24088, 24092, 22907, 22914, 10882, 10689,
-    27755, 2512, 27333, 4695, 29403, 8400, 13183, 26887, 16240, 27122, 947,
-    22170, 29184, 10693, 10708, 26273, 24708, 20493, 20500, 16328, 32623,
-    16313, 10912, 32529, 8167, 29763, 33769, 7729, 7720, 962, 32013, 3634,
-    26977, 26886, 10883, 13038, 13330, 15982, 32322, 27094, 16347, 28848,
-    34185, 24713, 22913, 2517, 24704, 1043, 1046, 24340, 351, 24705, 353,
-    32520, 348, 12489, 13328, 10699, 1047, 13329, 1044, 16130, 7754, 12487,
-    27331, 27332, 8346, 12504, 12490, 29565, 10252, 12473, 22181, 26949,
-    24715, 16006, 24716, 29596, 19770, 13741, 19772, 13744, 19761, 13734,
-    23857, 23856, 3632, 24714, 24718, 24717, 24345, 24342, 19769, 13740,
-    24344, 24341, 19771, 13742, 24346, 24343, 26861, 29633, 26870, 29642,
-    26869, 29641, 10710, 10713, 29621, 29749, 24701, 24702, 29627, 29755,
-    24338, 24339, 29626, 29754, 23611, 23612, 23613, 29276, 29365, 29278,
-    29367, 29214, 29221, 6503, 6449, 6508, 6241, 6254, 6504, 6230, 6513,
-    6255, 29532, 29525, 29546, 29480, 27197, 19537, 10976, 32652, 2518,
-    22922, 32536, 13173, 32523, 10939, 10712, 24712, 10715, 24337, 26871,
-    29643, 24698, 8162, 24699, 8163, 25799, 16129, 23614, 15761, 16336,
-    34206, 24186, 24655, 27128, 27193, 24097, 24098, 24099, 24093, 10529,
-    10884, 29567, 10691, 4099, 19549, 27158, 19513, 27169, 27095, 9642, 9641,
-    10933, 10932, 10911, 10936, 26682, 12474, 19775, 13750, 33682, 33681,
-    19759, 13745, 12472, 12471, 12469, 12470, 10711, 10714, 24709, 24710,
-    29277, 29366, 19760, 13733, 26868, 29640, 24706, 10705, 24707, 10706,
-    33644, 22899, 32651, 10979, 12387, 12389, 28896, 12392, 12391, 28897,
-    12390, 12388, 8164, 8165, 28889, 8166, 28890, 35480, 10530, 12384, 15976,
-    32636, 10980, 26885, 26521, 33954, 19471, 27140, 19548, 27149, 4090,
-    4087, 32441, 32438, 27085, 29309, 2508, 27736, 27732, 31683, 26806,
-    33693, 26685, 32554, 33945, 15974, 32437, 32440, 4086, 4089, 32434, 4080,
-    13198, 28954, 32637, 25791, 12500, 34190, 17145, 19564, 27213, 12499,
-    3630, 10218, 349, 29856, 32456, 10700, 8172, 28880, 8348, 8349, 991,
-    1029, 1015, 1003, 1004, 1020, 1001, 971, 976, 1026, 1031, 1017, 1016,
-    1011, 1018, 999, 1023, 1012, 1019, 974, 983, 982, 1005, 1008, 984, 1037,
-    1010, 1034, 980, 1009, 1007, 1035, 987, 1006, 1022, 981, 988, 997, 975,
-    1036, 1021, 972, 1002, 1033, 978, 1027, 996, 973, 985, 998, 1039, 1038,
-    977, 979, 1040, 1028, 1025, 1014, 1013, 986, 1032, 989, 1024, 994, 993,
-    1030, 990, 995, 992, 24719, 27127, 27937, 3526, 33656, 16312, 8170,
-    10615, 12443, 8152, 34095, 12465, 354, 15472, 6285, 6507, 4635, 32622,
-    23495, 15998, 25787, 25788, 26426, 26427, 10610, 28971, 1000, 10244,
-    26872, 24569, 26874, 7749, 19552, 19553, 19551, 27165, 27166, 27164,
-    19520, 19527, 19519, 27179, 27186, 27178, 19469, 19467, 19468, 9644,
-    27138, 27136, 27137, 16323, 15947, 32688, 32704, 29646, 29644, 32443,
-    4081, 4082, 26958, 19555, 27199, 15955, 15956, 15957, 15958, 10263,
-    10266, 10267, 10256, 10260, 10268, 10257, 10261, 10264, 10255, 10259,
-    10254, 10258, 10262, 10265, 29244, 27067, 13061, 33653, 22739, 22731,
-    22738, 22732, 22736, 22737, 22735, 22734, 22733, 11219, 13313, 32436,
-    4085, 32429, 4084, 32444, 4092, 34104, 3631, 29592, 13145, 8, 12385,
-    10245, 3856, 3821, 3900, 3804, 3857, 3822, 3859, 357, 29590, 32330,
-    15975, 3840, 3843, 3845, 3837, 10937, 3879, 3751, 26820, 26817, 26818,
-    26819, 25220, 29841, 29849, 29850, 29830, 29828, 29831, 29842, 29816,
-    29817, 29835, 29837, 29836, 29834, 29818, 29847, 29848, 29820, 29824,
-    29823, 29822, 29821, 29839, 29853, 29829, 29819, 29827, 29851, 29832,
-    29833, 29844, 29843, 29845, 29854, 29825, 3924, 25774, 29840, 29826,
-    29852, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762,
-    35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762,
-    35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 25232, 25227, 25230, 25231,
-    25224, 25225, 25223, 25222, 25229, 25226, 25228, 35762, 35762, 35762,
-    35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762,
-    35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 6251, 6248, 6247,
-    6244, 6243, 6246, 6245, 6252, 6250, 6472, 6452, 6497, 6485, 6467, 6455,
-    6471, 6469, 6451, 6498, 6486, 26360, 26358, 26357, 26354, 26353, 26356,
-    26355, 26361, 26359, 26352, 26343, 26351, 26349, 26344, 26345, 26347,
-    26348, 26342, 26346, 26350, 10550, 10562, 10559, 10544, 10541, 10556,
-    10553, 10568, 10547, 24739, 24732, 24740, 24738, 24733, 24734, 24735,
-    24737, 24731, 24742, 24741, 26388, 26389, 26390, 26391, 26392, 26393,
-    26394, 26395, 26396, 26397, 26398, 26399, 26400, 26401, 26402, 26403,
-    26404, 26405, 26406, 26407, 26408, 26409, 26410, 26411, 26412, 26413,
-    6395, 6396, 6397, 6398, 6399, 6400, 6401, 6402, 6403, 6404, 6405, 6406,
-    6407, 6408, 6409, 6410, 6411, 6412, 6413, 6414, 6415, 6416, 6417, 6418,
-    6419, 6420, 6421, 6422, 6423, 6424, 6425, 6426, 6427, 6428, 6429, 6430,
-    6431, 6432, 6433, 6434, 6435, 6436, 6437, 6438, 6439, 6440, 6441, 6442,
-    6443, 6444, 6445, 6446, 6249, 24266, 24264, 24262, 24267, 24268, 24270,
-    24271, 24265, 24269, 24263, 10903, 10901, 10900, 10897, 10896, 10899,
-    10898, 10904, 10902, 10895, 24261, 4206, 4153, 4202, 4149, 4196, 4148,
-    4195, 4147, 4194, 4146, 4193, 4145, 4190, 4123, 4117, 4144, 4189, 4121,
-    4115, 4143, 4201, 4227, 4221, 4138, 4200, 4225, 4219, 4136, 4205, 4243,
-    4220, 4116, 4240, 4122, 4226, 4152, 4204, 4242, 4218, 4114, 4239, 4120,
-    4224, 4151, 4188, 4157, 4211, 4125, 4119, 4214, 4160, 4142, 4199, 4156,
-    4210, 4228, 4222, 4213, 4159, 4137, 4203, 4158, 4212, 4241, 4217, 4118,
-    4238, 4162, 4216, 4155, 4209, 4124, 4223, 4215, 4161, 4150, 4186, 4140,
-    4185, 4139, 4113, 4109, 4130, 4127, 4105, 4129, 4126, 4104, 4233, 4230,
-    4108, 4232, 4229, 4107, 4245, 4236, 4112, 4244, 4235, 4111, 4131, 4128,
-    4103, 4234, 4231, 4106, 4246, 4237, 4110, 4164, 4163, 4165, 4166, 4182,
-    4181, 4183, 4191, 4197, 4208, 4187, 4132, 4134, 4154, 4141, 4192, 4198,
-    4133, 4135, 32667, 20583, 20582, 20585, 20538, 20581, 20586, 20584,
-    13205, 19514, 19535, 19546, 19485, 19534, 19495, 19496, 27152, 19790,
-    22298, 10230, 32691, 27161, 26940, 26941, 26932, 26933, 26934, 26935,
-    26936, 26937, 26938, 26939, 3877, 34082, 34091, 34085, 29418, 29427,
-    29417, 29424, 29426, 29416, 3875, 34079, 3871, 34073, 3908, 34115, 3853,
-    34063, 3902, 34111, 3901, 34110, 3858, 34070, 3863, 34069, 3862, 34068,
-    3806, 34028, 3805, 34027, 3826, 34054, 3825, 34053, 3824, 34052, 3796,
-    34017, 34018, 13136, 20588, 34004, 10886, 6224, 4698, 3747, 6216, 6225,
-    6217, 6222, 6221, 6223, 19483, 27150, 16343, 16341, 32670, 20536, 32689,
-    32706, 20579, 20559, 32672, 20539, 3833, 3832, 3903, 3904, 33970, 29421,
-    29428, 29423, 29420, 34094, 34112, 32659, 32660, 18152, 34092, 34088,
-    34089, 34093, 34011, 34009, 34010, 34012, 32687, 32711, 20557, 34059,
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-    7648, 7647, 7646, 7645, 7603, 7633, 7613, 7578, 7651, 7541, 7540, 7602,
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-    35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762,
-    35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762,
-    35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762,
-    35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762,
-    35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762,
-    35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762,
-    35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762,
-    35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762,
-    35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762,
-    35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762,
-    35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762,
-    35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762,
-    35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762,
-    35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762,
-    35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762,
-    35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762,
-    35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762,
-    35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 14971, 14969, 15002, 15003,
-    15004, 14980, 14981, 15013, 15015, 14948, 14946, 14945, 14949, 14955,
-    14956, 14958, 14957, 14962, 14959, 14960, 14964, 14932, 14930, 35762,
-    35762, 35762, 35762, 14828, 14829, 14897, 14898, 14917, 14911, 14912,
-    14915, 14914, 14913, 14872, 14857, 14896, 14863, 14867, 14866, 14880,
-    14879, 14800, 14825, 14818, 14903, 14816, 14823, 14853, 14846, 14852,
-    14907, 14848, 14851, 14850, 14891, 14884, 14901, 14902, 14890, 14888,
-    14887, 14892, 14894, 14839, 14838, 14924, 14925, 14789, 14788, 14904,
-    14843, 14841, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 7281, 7282, 7283, 7284, 7285,
-    7286, 7287, 7288, 7289, 7290, 7291, 7292, 7293, 7294, 7295, 7296, 7297,
-    7298, 7299, 7300, 7301, 7302, 7303, 7304, 7305, 7306, 7307, 7308, 7309,
-    7310, 7311, 7312, 7313, 7314, 7315, 7316, 7317, 7318, 7319, 7320, 7321,
-    7322, 7323, 7324, 7325, 7326, 7327, 7328, 7329, 7330, 7331, 7332, 7333,
-    7334, 7335, 7336, 7337, 7338, 7339, 7340, 7341, 7342, 7343, 7344, 7345,
-    7346, 7347, 7348, 7349, 7350, 7351, 7352, 7353, 7354, 7355, 7356, 7357,
-    7358, 7359, 7360, 7361, 7362, 7363, 7364, 7365, 7366, 7367, 7368, 7369,
-    7370, 7371, 7372, 7373, 7374, 7375, 7376, 7377, 7378, 7379, 7380, 7381,
-    7382, 7383, 7384, 7385, 7386, 7387, 7388, 7389, 7390, 7391, 7392, 7393,
-    7394, 7395, 7396, 7397, 7398, 7399, 7400, 7401, 7402, 7403, 7404, 7405,
-    7406, 7407, 7408, 7409, 7410, 7411, 7412, 7413, 7414, 7415, 7416, 7417,
-    7418, 7419, 7420, 7421, 7422, 7423, 7424, 7425, 7426, 7427, 7428, 7429,
-    7430, 7431, 7432, 7433, 7434, 7435, 7436, 7437, 7438, 7439, 7440, 7441,
-    7442, 7443, 7444, 7445, 7446, 7447, 7448, 7449, 7450, 7451, 7452, 7453,
-    7454, 7455, 7456, 7457, 7458, 7459, 7460, 7461, 7462, 7463, 7464, 7465,
-    7466, 7467, 7468, 7469, 7470, 7471, 7472, 7473, 7474, 7475, 7476, 7477,
-    7478, 7479, 7480, 7481, 7482, 7483, 7484, 7485, 7486, 7487, 7488, 7489,
-    7490, 7491, 7492, 7493, 7494, 7495, 7496, 7497, 7498, 7499, 7500, 7501,
-    7502, 7503, 7504, 7505, 7506, 7507, 7508, 7509, 7510, 7511, 7512, 7513,
-    7514, 7515, 7516, 7517, 7518, 7519, 7520, 7521, 7522, 7523, 7524, 7525,
-    7526, 7527, 7528, 7529, 7530, 7531, 7532, 7533, 7534, 7535, 7536, 7079,
-    7080, 7081, 7082, 7083, 7084, 7085, 7086, 7087, 7088, 7089, 7090, 7091,
-    7092, 7093, 7094, 7095, 7096, 7097, 7098, 7099, 7100, 7101, 7102, 7103,
-    7104, 7105, 7106, 7107, 7108, 7109, 7110, 7111, 7112, 7113, 7114, 7115,
-    7116, 7117, 7118, 7119, 7120, 7121, 7122, 7123, 7124, 7125, 7126, 7127,
-    7128, 7129, 7130, 7131, 7132, 7133, 7134, 7135, 7136, 7137, 7138, 7139,
-    7140, 7141, 7142, 7143, 7144, 7145, 7146, 7147, 7148, 7149, 7150, 7151,
-    7152, 7153, 7154, 7155, 7156, 7157, 7158, 7159, 7160, 7161, 7162, 7163,
-    7164, 7165, 7166, 7167, 7168, 7169, 7170, 7171, 7172, 7173, 7174, 7065,
-    7066, 7067, 7068, 7069, 7070, 7071, 7072, 7073, 7074, 7075, 7076, 7077,
-    7078, 35762, 35762, 7175, 7176, 7177, 7178, 7179, 7180, 7181, 7182, 7183,
-    7184, 7185, 7186, 7187, 7188, 7189, 7190, 7191, 7192, 7193, 7194, 7195,
-    7196, 7197, 7198, 7199, 7200, 7201, 7202, 7203, 7204, 7205, 7206, 7207,
-    7208, 7209, 7210, 7211, 7212, 7213, 7214, 7215, 7216, 7217, 7218, 7219,
-    7220, 7221, 7222, 7223, 7224, 7225, 7226, 7227, 7228, 7229, 7230, 7231,
-    7232, 7233, 7234, 7235, 7236, 7237, 7238, 7239, 7240, 7241, 7242, 7243,
-    7244, 7245, 7246, 7247, 7248, 7249, 7250, 7251, 7252, 7253, 7254, 7255,
-    7256, 7257, 7258, 7259, 7260, 7261, 7262, 7263, 7264, 7265, 7266, 7267,
-    7268, 7269, 7270, 7271, 7272, 7273, 7274, 7275, 7276, 7277, 7278, 7279,
-    7280, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762,
-    35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762,
-    35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762,
-    35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 19417,
-    19420, 19421, 19418, 19419, 19423, 19424, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762,
-    35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 2490, 2491, 2489,
-    2492, 2488, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 15435, 15453, 15440,
-    15371, 15427, 15430, 15432, 15431, 15426, 15433, 15429, 15428, 15372,
-    15405, 15406, 15403, 15404, 15369, 15370, 15368, 15376, 15418, 15416,
-    15393, 15425, 15398, 35762, 15410, 15436, 15384, 15379, 15420, 35762,
-    15422, 35762, 15396, 15400, 35762, 15386, 15382, 35762, 15414, 15391,
-    15408, 15402, 15412, 15424, 15375, 15378, 15381, 15437, 1146, 1145, 1176,
-    1174, 1175, 1177, 1403, 1401, 1402, 1404, 1171, 1169, 1170, 1172, 1532,
-    1530, 1531, 1533, 1512, 1510, 1511, 1513, 1527, 1525, 1526, 1528, 1545,
-    1543, 1544, 1546, 1408, 1406, 1407, 1409, 1211, 1209, 1210, 1212, 1381,
-    1379, 1380, 1382, 1489, 1487, 1488, 1490, 1494, 1492, 1493, 1495, 1201,
-    1200, 1192, 1191, 1215, 1214, 1204, 1203, 1311, 1310, 1438, 1437, 1333,
-    1331, 1332, 1334, 1245, 1243, 1244, 1246, 1257, 1255, 1256, 1258, 1372,
-    1370, 1371, 1373, 1386, 1385, 1442, 1440, 1441, 1443, 1287, 1286, 1282,
-    1280, 1281, 1283, 1291, 1289, 1290, 1292, 1569, 1568, 1567, 1566, 2352,
-    2351, 2360, 2359, 2356, 2355, 2354, 2353, 2364, 2363, 2350, 2358, 2357,
-    2366, 2362, 2361, 2365, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762,
-    35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 1376,
-    1374, 1375, 1377, 1538, 1537, 1590, 1589, 1587, 1586, 1536, 1548, 1547,
-    1337, 1336, 1340, 1339, 1603, 1601, 1602, 1604, 1539, 1540, 2043, 2042,
-    2045, 2044, 2064, 2063, 2072, 2071, 2062, 2061, 2068, 2067, 2048, 2046,
-    2047, 2097, 2095, 2096, 1225, 1223, 1224, 1226, 2054, 2052, 2058, 2041,
-    2066, 1645, 1636, 1641, 1648, 1643, 1654, 2006, 1994, 2001, 2014, 2017,
-    2022, 2024, 2029, 2026, 2035, 1723, 1729, 1708, 1703, 1762, 1758, 1764,
-    1913, 1906, 1918, 1926, 1885, 1889, 1667, 1659, 1663, 1669, 1987, 1982,
-    2099, 1616, 1612, 1697, 1693, 1681, 1686, 1677, 1684, 1679, 1688, 1867,
-    1863, 1865, 1869, 1738, 1740, 1748, 1746, 1743, 1754, 1736, 1757, 1790,
-    1782, 1794, 1800, 1774, 1803, 1821, 1810, 1815, 1825, 1804, 1826, 1842,
-    1832, 1854, 1847, 1850, 1857, 1718, 1714, 1715, 1716, 2082, 2075, 2084,
-    2090, 2039, 2094, 2023, 1880, 1628, 1934, 1937, 1941, 1935, 1938, 1940,
-    2070, 2069, 2056, 2060, 2040, 2065, 1652, 1651, 1646, 1650, 1642, 1653,
-    2020, 2019, 2012, 2018, 2016, 2021, 2033, 2032, 2027, 2031, 2025, 2034,
-    1678, 1687, 1864, 1868, 1737, 1741, 1752, 1735, 1756, 1798, 1773, 1802,
-    1805, 1823, 1855, 1852, 1845, 1851, 1849, 1856, 1627, 2092, 2079, 2088,
-    2078, 2038, 2093, 2053, 2051, 2055, 2057, 2049, 1644, 1635, 1640, 1647,
-    1637, 2005, 1993, 2000, 2013, 1995, 2028, 1722, 1728, 1707, 1702, 1761,
-    1763, 1912, 1905, 1917, 1925, 1884, 1892, 1888, 1666, 1658, 1662, 1668,
-    1986, 2098, 1615, 1611, 1696, 1692, 1680, 1685, 1676, 1683, 1866, 1862,
-    1739, 1747, 1745, 1742, 1753, 1789, 1781, 1793, 1799, 1783, 1820, 1809,
-    1814, 1824, 1841, 1831, 1853, 1846, 1833, 1717, 1713, 1719, 2081, 2074,
-    2083, 2089, 2076, 2059, 2050, 1649, 1638, 2015, 1996, 2030, 2036, 1927,
-    1909, 1964, 1944, 1744, 1755, 1801, 1848, 1834, 2091, 2077, 1942, 1936,
-    1939, 1985, 1989, 1618, 1620, 1695, 1699, 1929, 1933, 1966, 1974, 1705,
-    1710, 1731, 1733, 1760, 1766, 1891, 1896, 1665, 1673, 1955, 1950, 1969,
-    1963, 1972, 1931, 1894, 1671, 1984, 1988, 1617, 1619, 1694, 1698, 1928,
-    1932, 1965, 1973, 1704, 1709, 1730, 1732, 1759, 1765, 1890, 1895, 1664,
-    1672, 1953, 1948, 1967, 1961, 1971, 1930, 1893, 1670, 1954, 1949, 1968,
-    1962, 1908, 1943, 1981, 1914, 1907, 1919, 1956, 1951, 1970, 1983, 2100,
-    1629, 1630, 25893, 25894, 1877, 1872, 1876, 1873, 1874, 1875, 1903, 1622,
-    1624, 1623, 1621, 1871, 1902, 1625, 1976, 1878, 2003, 1992, 1991, 1990,
-    1998, 2008, 2010, 2009, 1725, 1724, 1701, 1700, 1904, 1911, 1910, 1921,
-    1920, 1922, 1924, 1923, 1882, 1881, 1887, 1946, 1945, 1952, 1958, 1957,
-    1960, 1959, 1656, 1661, 1660, 1978, 1977, 1979, 1980, 1614, 1609, 1608,
-    1607, 1689, 1691, 1690, 1675, 1674, 1860, 1858, 1779, 1780, 1777, 1784,
-    1785, 1792, 1791, 1796, 1795, 1806, 1807, 1808, 1818, 1816, 1811, 1812,
-    35762, 35762, 1817, 1711, 1712, 1829, 1828, 1839, 1838, 1837, 1844, 1843,
-    2086, 2085, 1639, 2004, 2002, 1999, 1997, 2011, 2007, 1727, 1720, 1726,
-    1915, 1883, 1947, 1657, 1788, 1797, 2073, 2080, 2087, 1822, 1861, 1830,
-    1859, 1778, 1610, 1751, 1835, 1813, 1786, 1750, 1787, 1836, 1721, 1706,
-    1819, 1682, 1634, 1749, 1613, 1886, 1916, 1840, 35762, 35762, 35762,
-    35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 1898, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762,
-    35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762,
-    35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762,
-    35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 1899, 1870, 1631, 1632,
-    1827, 1897, 1879, 1626, 2037, 1900, 1901, 1734, 27339, 1655, 1975, 1633,
-    33083, 33194, 33262, 33273, 33284, 33295, 33306, 33317, 33328, 33084,
-    33095, 33106, 33117, 33128, 33139, 33150, 26827, 26832, 26833, 26826,
-    26857, 26828, 26859, 26835, 26849, 26831, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762,
-    35762, 35762, 8057, 8059, 7889, 7890, 8068, 8070, 7783, 8058, 8060, 8126,
-    8127, 8069, 8071, 7784, 7837, 7838, 26858, 26829, 26830, 26844, 26856,
-    26841, 26853, 26839, 26851, 26843, 26855, 26836, 26845, 26837, 26846,
-    26840, 26852, 26838, 26850, 26834, 26847, 27753, 34075, 26842, 26854,
-    10235, 5828, 33955, 10947, 10234, 5827, 33953, 28892, 28901, 28935,
-    35762, 28926, 28893, 28936, 28899, 28900, 28903, 28907, 28902, 28906,
-    28904, 28908, 28934, 28883, 28885, 28933, 28931, 28905, 28930, 28898,
-    35762, 28925, 28894, 28932, 28891, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 1080,
-    2371, 1062, 2373, 1092, 35762, 1077, 1078, 1058, 1059, 1089, 1090, 2278,
-    2279, 2346, 2347, 1276, 1141, 1140, 1131, 1130, 1556, 1555, 1134, 1133,
-    1573, 1571, 1572, 1574, 1151, 1150, 1166, 1164, 1165, 1167, 1499, 1498,
-    1508, 1506, 1507, 1501, 1520, 1518, 1519, 1521, 1307, 1305, 1306, 1308,
-    1273, 1271, 1272, 1274, 1344, 1342, 1343, 1345, 1189, 1188, 1516, 1515,
-    1435, 1434, 1598, 1597, 1464, 1462, 1463, 1465, 1470, 1468, 1469, 1471,
-    1451, 1449, 1450, 1452, 1197, 1195, 1196, 1198, 1482, 1480, 1481, 1483,
-    1594, 1592, 1593, 1595, 1109, 1107, 1108, 1110, 1252, 1250, 1251, 1253,
-    1236, 1234, 1235, 1237, 1417, 1415, 1416, 1418, 1320, 1318, 1319, 1321,
-    1356, 1354, 1355, 1357, 1365, 1363, 1364, 1366, 1396, 1394, 1395, 1397,
-    1295, 1293, 1294, 1296, 1560, 1559, 1149, 1148, 1583, 1581, 1582, 1584,
-    1772, 1771, 1768, 1767, 1770, 1769, 1776, 1775, 35762, 35762, 35566,
-    35762, 13299, 13303, 13271, 13287, 13273, 13285, 13284, 13214, 13277,
-    13286, 13274, 13209, 13302, 13308, 13281, 13294, 13296, 13293, 13292,
-    13289, 13288, 13291, 13290, 13297, 13295, 13210, 13280, 13216, 13298,
-    13301, 13304, 13208, 13217, 13218, 13219, 13220, 13221, 13222, 13223,
-    13224, 13225, 13226, 13227, 13228, 13229, 13230, 13231, 13232, 13233,
-    13234, 13235, 13236, 13237, 13238, 13239, 13240, 13241, 13242, 13215,
-    13279, 13278, 13207, 13269, 13300, 13243, 13244, 13245, 13246, 13247,
-    13248, 13249, 13250, 13251, 13252, 13253, 13254, 13255, 13256, 13257,
-    13258, 13259, 13260, 13261, 13262, 13263, 13264, 13265, 13266, 13267,
-    13268, 13212, 13309, 13275, 13306, 13213, 13276, 14644, 14637, 14639,
-    14643, 14635, 14627, 14582, 14584, 14586, 14583, 14585, 14578, 14580,
-    14579, 14581, 14636, 14628, 14630, 14632, 14629, 14631, 14603, 14605,
-    14607, 14604, 14606, 14587, 14589, 14591, 14588, 14590, 14618, 14620,
-    14622, 14619, 14621, 14593, 14595, 14597, 14594, 14596, 14598, 14600,
-    14602, 14599, 14601, 14608, 14610, 14612, 14609, 14611, 14623, 14625,
-    14624, 14613, 14615, 14617, 14614, 14616, 14626, 14592, 14634, 14633,
-    14577, 14527, 14544, 14528, 14529, 14530, 14531, 14565, 14546, 14535,
-    14540, 14539, 14538, 14542, 14536, 14537, 14541, 14563, 14533, 14545,
-    14534, 14548, 14547, 14562, 14557, 14543, 14556, 14526, 14564, 14532,
-    14571, 35762, 35762, 35762, 14572, 14573, 14551, 14552, 14559, 14558,
-    35762, 35762, 14550, 14549, 14574, 14568, 14569, 14575, 35762, 35762,
-    14554, 14576, 14567, 14566, 14570, 14555, 35762, 35762, 14560, 14553,
-    14561, 35762, 35762, 35762, 13211, 13272, 13270, 13283, 13307, 13282,
-    13305, 35762, 14642, 14638, 14641, 14640, 14647, 14645, 14646, 35762,
-    35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 16324,
-    16326, 16325, 25221, 27062, 35762, 35762, 20348, 20374, 20367, 20400,
-    20358, 20349, 20378, 20344, 20356, 20386, 20389, 20383, 35762, 20372,
-    20399, 20403, 20382, 20397, 20404, 20411, 20414, 20359, 20410, 20357,
-    20360, 20343, 20366, 20369, 20392, 20393, 20351, 20408, 20373, 20354,
-    20390, 20352, 20409, 20368, 20376, 35762, 20401, 20365, 20385, 20350,
-    20361, 20375, 20346, 20380, 20355, 20387, 20388, 20345, 20371, 20347,
-    20398, 20391, 20405, 20379, 20381, 35762, 20353, 20407, 35762, 20364,
-    20363, 20377, 20413, 20406, 20416, 20384, 20362, 20394, 20402, 20370,
-    20395, 20396, 20412, 20415, 35762, 35762, 20426, 20427, 20429, 20428,
-    20417, 20418, 20425, 20419, 20420, 20430, 20421, 20422, 20423, 20424,
-    35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762,
-    35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762,
-    35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762,
-    35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 20232, 20231, 20233, 20220, 20221, 20222,
-    20223, 20224, 20225, 20226, 20228, 20227, 20230, 20229, 20238, 20235,
-    20236, 20234, 20237, 20337, 20338, 20240, 20239, 20241, 20340, 20339,
-    20243, 20244, 20245, 20242, 20246, 20249, 20248, 20250, 20251, 20252,
-    20341, 20253, 20254, 20247, 20257, 20258, 20256, 20255, 20259, 20260,
-    20261, 20262, 20263, 20264, 20267, 20268, 20269, 20266, 20270, 20265,
-    20271, 20272, 20273, 20274, 20275, 20276, 20277, 20278, 20279, 20280,
-    20282, 20281, 20283, 20284, 20286, 20287, 20288, 20285, 20289, 20290,
-    20291, 20292, 20294, 20293, 20295, 20296, 20342, 20297, 20298, 20300,
-    20301, 20302, 20299, 20303, 20304, 20305, 20306, 20307, 20335, 20315,
-    20316, 20317, 20318, 20319, 20320, 20321, 20322, 20323, 20324, 20325,
-    20326, 20327, 20328, 20329, 20330, 20331, 20332, 20333, 20334, 20308,
-    20309, 20310, 20311, 20312, 20313, 20314, 20336, 35762, 35762, 35762,
-    35762, 35762, 112, 113, 159, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 156, 151, 146,
-    126, 121, 139, 134, 114, 129, 154, 149, 144, 124, 119, 140, 135, 115,
-    130, 157, 152, 147, 127, 122, 142, 137, 117, 132, 158, 153, 148, 128,
-    123, 143, 138, 118, 133, 155, 150, 145, 125, 120, 141, 136, 116, 131,
-    35762, 35762, 35762, 111, 107, 109, 110, 108, 103, 104, 105, 106, 13770,
-    13767, 13771, 13757, 13752, 13758, 13761, 13753, 13763, 13772, 13755,
-    13765, 13759, 13768, 13762, 13764, 13774, 13756, 13766, 13760, 13769,
-    13773, 13754, 13775, 13787, 13796, 13786, 13782, 13795, 13777, 13783,
-    13799, 13803, 13804, 13785, 13788, 13794, 13793, 13801, 13802, 13784,
-    13791, 13797, 13792, 13781, 13800, 13789, 13776, 13778, 13798, 13790,
-    13779, 13780, 14022, 14023, 14221, 14217, 14258, 14223, 13953, 14027,
-    14220, 14216, 13959, 13958, 14019, 14001, 14017, 14026, 14021, 13807,
-    13806, 14260, 14219, 14261, 14024, 14215, 13997, 24651, 35762, 27384,
-    27387, 27382, 27385, 27356, 27386, 27354, 27357, 27383, 27355, 27388,
-    27353, 2510, 35762, 35762, 35762, 14214, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762,
-    35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762,
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-    11247, 11248, 11255, 11249, 11250, 11251, 11252, 11256, 11253, 11254,
-    11257, 11258, 11259, 11260, 11283, 11284, 11285, 11286, 11287, 11288,
-    11289, 11290, 11291, 11292, 11293, 11294, 11295, 11296, 11297, 11298,
-    11299, 11300, 11301, 11302, 11272, 11342, 11343, 11344, 11345, 11340,
-    11341, 11346, 11347, 11348, 11349, 11354, 11350, 11351, 11352, 11353,
-    11355, 11356, 11357, 11358, 11359, 11360, 11361, 11362, 11363, 11364,
-    11365, 11366, 11367, 11368, 11369, 11370, 11371, 11372, 11373, 11374,
-    11375, 11376, 11377, 11380, 11381, 11382, 11383, 11384, 11385, 11386,
-    11378, 11379, 11387, 11460, 11461, 11462, 11463, 11464, 11465, 11466,
-    11467, 11468, 11469, 11451, 11452, 11453, 11454, 11455, 11456, 11457,
-    11449, 11450, 11458, 11459, 11392, 11388, 11389, 11393, 11394, 11390,
-    11391, 11395, 11396, 11397, 11398, 11399, 11404, 11405, 11406, 11407,
-    11408, 11409, 11400, 11401, 11410, 11402, 11403, 11411, 11412, 11413,
-    11414, 11415, 11416, 11417, 11418, 11419, 11420, 11421, 11426, 11422,
-    11423, 11427, 11424, 11425, 11428, 11429, 11430, 11431, 11432, 11442,
-    11443, 11444, 11445, 11446, 11447, 11448, 11433, 11434, 11435, 11436,
-    11437, 11438, 11439, 11440, 11441, 11474, 11475, 11476, 11477, 11478,
-    11479, 11480, 11470, 11471, 11472, 11473, 11506, 11507, 11508, 11509,
-    11510, 11511, 11502, 11503, 11504, 11505, 11512, 11513, 11481, 11482,
-    11485, 11486, 11487, 11488, 11489, 11490, 11491, 11483, 11484, 11492,
-    11495, 11496, 11497, 11498, 11493, 11494, 11499, 11500, 11501, 11517,
-    11518, 11519, 11520, 11521, 11522, 11523, 11524, 11525, 11526, 11529,
-    11530, 11531, 11527, 11528, 11532, 11533, 11534, 11535, 11536, 11537,
-    11573, 11571, 11572, 11574, 11575, 11576, 11577, 11578, 11579, 11580,
-    11581, 11544, 11538, 11539, 11545, 11546, 11547, 11548, 11549, 11540,
-    11541, 11542, 11543, 11550, 11557, 11558, 11559, 11560, 11561, 11551,
-    11552, 11553, 11554, 11555, 11556, 11562, 11563, 11568, 11564, 11565,
-    11566, 11567, 11569, 11570, 11588, 11589, 11590, 11591, 11592, 11586,
-    11587, 11583, 11584, 11585, 11593, 11594, 11597, 11595, 11596, 11598,
-    11599, 11600, 11601, 11602, 11603, 11604, 11605, 11630, 11631, 11634,
-    11635, 11636, 11637, 11638, 11632, 11633, 11639, 11640, 11641, 11610,
-    11611, 11612, 11613, 11614, 11615, 11606, 11607, 11608, 11609, 11616,
-    11617, 11622, 11623, 11624, 11618, 11619, 11625, 11620, 11621, 11626,
-    11627, 11628, 11629, 11642, 11643, 11644, 11645, 11646, 11649, 11650,
-    11651, 11652, 11653, 11647, 11648, 11654, 11655, 11663, 11664, 11665,
-    11666, 11659, 11660, 11667, 11668, 11669, 11661, 11662, 11670, 11671,
-    11672, 11673, 11674, 11675, 11676, 11677, 12318, 12319, 12320, 12321,
-    12322, 12323, 12324, 12325, 11689, 11685, 11686, 11690, 11691, 11692,
-    11687, 11688, 11693, 11694, 11696, 11697, 11698, 11701, 11699, 11700,
-    11702, 11703, 11704, 11705, 11706, 11707, 11717, 11718, 11725, 11708,
-    11709, 11710, 11711, 11712, 11713, 11714, 11715, 11716, 11726, 11727,
-    11719, 11720, 11721, 11722, 11723, 11724, 11728, 11729, 11736, 11737,
-    11730, 11731, 11738, 11732, 11733, 11739, 11740, 11741, 11734, 11735,
-    11742, 11748, 11746, 11747, 11749, 11743, 11744, 11745, 11750, 11751,
-    11752, 11753, 11754, 11755, 11756, 11757, 11758, 11759, 11760, 11761,
-    11818, 11819, 11820, 11821, 11822, 11823, 11824, 11825, 11826, 11781,
-    11782, 11783, 11784, 11785, 11786, 11787, 11788, 11778, 11779, 11780,
-    11789, 11806, 11807, 11808, 11809, 11810, 11804, 11805, 11811, 11812,
-    11813, 11814, 11798, 11799, 11800, 11790, 11791, 11792, 11793, 11794,
-    11795, 11801, 11796, 11797, 11802, 11803, 11815, 11816, 11817, 11829,
-    11830, 11831, 11832, 11827, 11828, 11833, 11834, 11835, 11836, 11839,
-    11840, 11841, 11842, 11843, 11844, 11845, 11837, 11838, 11846, 11847,
-    11848, 11866, 11867, 11868, 11869, 11870, 11871, 11872, 11873, 11874,
-    11849, 11850, 11851, 11852, 11855, 11856, 11857, 11858, 11859, 11860,
-    11853, 11854, 11861, 11864, 11865, 11862, 11863, 11882, 11883, 11886,
-    11887, 11888, 11884, 11885, 11875, 11876, 11877, 11878, 11879, 11880,
-    11881, 11889, 11890, 11891, 11892, 11893, 11894, 11895, 11898, 11899,
-    11900, 11901, 11902, 11903, 11904, 11905, 11896, 11897, 11906, 11907,
-    11914, 11915, 11916, 11908, 11909, 11910, 11911, 11917, 11918, 11919,
-    11912, 11913, 11925, 11926, 11929, 11930, 11927, 11928, 11931, 11932,
-    11920, 11921, 11922, 11923, 11924, 11933, 11934, 11935, 11940, 11941,
-    11942, 11943, 11944, 11945, 11946, 11947, 11948, 11949, 11936, 11937,
-    11938, 11939, 11951, 11952, 11955, 11953, 11954, 11956, 11957, 11958,
-    11959, 11960, 11961, 11962, 11963, 12326, 12327, 12328, 12329, 12330,
-    12331, 12332, 11969, 11967, 11968, 11964, 11965, 11966, 11970, 11971,
-    11972, 11973, 11974, 11975, 11976, 11977, 11980, 11981, 11982, 11983,
-    11984, 11978, 11979, 11985, 11986, 11987, 11988, 11989, 11990, 11991,
-    11992, 11993, 11994, 11995, 11996, 11997, 12002, 11998, 11999, 12003,
-    12004, 12005, 12000, 12001, 12006, 12007, 12008, 12014, 12015, 12016,
-    12017, 12009, 12010, 12011, 12018, 12019, 12012, 12013, 12020, 12021,
-    12025, 12026, 12027, 12028, 12029, 12030, 12022, 12023, 12024, 12031,
-    12032, 12033, 12036, 12037, 12038, 12039, 12040, 12034, 12035, 12041,
-    12042, 12043, 12044, 12045, 12046, 12047, 12048, 12049, 12050, 12051,
-    12060, 12061, 12052, 12053, 12062, 12063, 12064, 12054, 12055, 12056,
-    12057, 12058, 12059, 12069, 12065, 12066, 12070, 12071, 12072, 12073,
-    12067, 12068, 12074, 12075, 12076, 12086, 12087, 12088, 12089, 12090,
-    12091, 12092, 12093, 12094, 12095, 12081, 12082, 12077, 12078, 12079,
-    12080, 12083, 12084, 12085, 12100, 12101, 12102, 12103, 12104, 12097,
-    12098, 12099, 12105, 12106, 12107, 12134, 12135, 12136, 12137, 12138,
-    12139, 12140, 12141, 12142, 12143, 12112, 12113, 12114, 12108, 12109,
-    12115, 12116, 12117, 12118, 12119, 12110, 12111, 12122, 12123, 12120,
-    12121, 12124, 12125, 12126, 12127, 12128, 12129, 12130, 12131, 12132,
-    12133, 12147, 12148, 12149, 12150, 12151, 12152, 12153, 12154, 12155,
-    12156, 12157, 12158, 12159, 12160, 12161, 12162, 12144, 12145, 12146,
-    12163, 12164, 12173, 12165, 12166, 12167, 12168, 12170, 12171, 12172,
-    12174, 12175, 12176, 12177, 12178, 12179, 12180, 12181, 12182, 12183,
-    12184, 12185, 12186, 12187, 12188, 12189, 12190, 12191, 12192, 12193,
-    12200, 12201, 12194, 12195, 12202, 12203, 12204, 12205, 12196, 12197,
-    12198, 12199, 12206, 12207, 12208, 12209, 12214, 12210, 12211, 12215,
-    12216, 12217, 12212, 12213, 12218, 12219, 12220, 12221, 12227, 12228,
-    12223, 12224, 12229, 12230, 12231, 12232, 12233, 12225, 12226, 12234,
-    12235, 12242, 12243, 12244, 12236, 12237, 12245, 12246, 12238, 12239,
-    12240, 12241, 12247, 12250, 12251, 12252, 12253, 12248, 12249, 12254,
-    12263, 12264, 12265, 12256, 12257, 12258, 12266, 12259, 12260, 12267,
-    12261, 12262, 12268, 12269, 12270, 12271, 12272, 12273, 12274, 12275,
-    12276, 12289, 12277, 12278, 12279, 12280, 12281, 12282, 12283, 12284,
-    12285, 12286, 12287, 12288, 12290, 12291, 12292, 12293, 12313, 12314,
-    12315, 12316, 12317, 12294, 12295, 12296, 12297, 12298, 12299, 12300,
-    12301, 12302, 12303, 12304, 12305, 12306, 12307, 12308, 12309, 12310,
-    12311, 12312, 11306, 11307, 11308, 11309, 11310, 11311, 11303, 11304,
-    11305, 11312, 11313, 11317, 11318, 11319, 11320, 11321, 11322, 11323,
-    11324, 11325, 11326, 11327, 11328, 11329, 11330, 11331, 11332, 11333,
-    11334, 11335, 11336, 11314, 11315, 11316, 12169, 12222, 11658, 11683,
-    11680, 11682, 11679, 11950, 11337, 11514, 11684, 11681, 11678, 11339,
-    11516, 11338, 11515, 11777, 11582, 11656, 11695, 11657, 12096, 12255,
-    11773, 11764, 11768, 11775, 11771, 11765, 11770, 11767, 11774, 11763,
-    11769, 11776, 11772, 11766, 11762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762,
-    35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762,
-    35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762,
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-    35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 435, 436, 437, 438, 439, 440, 441,
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-    399, 400, 454, 455, 456, 457, 458, 459, 460, 461, 462, 463, 464, 465,
-    466, 467, 468, 469, 470, 471, 472, 473, 405, 406, 407, 408, 409, 410,
-    411, 401, 402, 403, 404, 412, 485, 486, 487, 488, 489, 490, 491, 474,
-    475, 476, 477, 482, 483, 484, 492, 478, 479, 480, 481, 493, 494, 495,
-    496, 497, 500, 501, 502, 503, 498, 499, 504, 505, 506, 507, 510, 511,
-    512, 513, 514, 508, 509, 515, 516, 517, 518, 521, 522, 523, 524, 525,
-    519, 520, 526, 527, 528, 529, 530, 531, 532, 533, 534, 535, 536, 537,
-    538, 539, 540, 541, 542, 543, 544, 545, 546, 547, 548, 549, 550, 551,
-    552, 553, 554, 555, 556, 557, 558, 559, 560, 561, 562, 563, 564, 565,
-    566, 567, 568, 569, 570, 571, 572, 573, 574, 575, 576, 577, 578, 579,
-    580, 581, 582, 583, 584, 585, 586, 587, 588, 589, 597, 598, 590, 591,
-    592, 599, 600, 601, 602, 593, 594, 603, 595, 596, 608, 609, 610, 611,
-    612, 604, 605, 606, 607, 613, 614, 615, 641, 642, 643, 644, 645, 646,
-    647, 639, 640, 648, 649, 661, 662, 663, 664, 665, 666, 667, 668, 669,
-    670, 671, 672, 673, 674, 675, 676, 677, 678, 679, 680, 681, 682, 683,
-    684, 685, 686, 687, 688, 689, 690, 652, 653, 654, 655, 656, 657, 658,
-    650, 651, 659, 660, 691, 692, 693, 694, 695, 696, 697, 698, 699, 700,
-    630, 631, 632, 633, 634, 635, 636, 637, 638, 628, 629, 620, 621, 622,
-    623, 616, 617, 624, 625, 626, 627, 618, 619, 703, 704, 705, 706, 707,
-    708, 709, 710, 711, 701, 702, 795, 796, 797, 798, 799, 800, 801, 802,
-    803, 804, 714, 715, 716, 717, 718, 719, 720, 721, 722, 712, 713, 741,
-    742, 738, 739, 740, 743, 744, 745, 734, 735, 736, 737, 746, 747, 748,
-    805, 806, 807, 808, 809, 810, 811, 812, 813, 814, 725, 726, 727, 728,
-    729, 730, 731, 732, 733, 723, 724, 753, 754, 755, 756, 749, 750, 757,
-    758, 759, 751, 752, 760, 786, 784, 785, 787, 788, 789, 790, 791, 792,
-    793, 794, 767, 763, 764, 768, 761, 762, 769, 770, 765, 766, 771, 772,
-    773, 775, 776, 777, 774, 778, 779, 780, 781, 782, 783, 846, 847, 848,
-    849, 850, 851, 852, 853, 854, 855, 815, 816, 817, 818, 819, 820, 821,
-    822, 823, 824, 825, 856, 857, 858, 859, 860, 861, 862, 863, 864, 865,
-    866, 867, 868, 869, 870, 871, 872, 873, 874, 875, 876, 877, 878, 879,
-    880, 881, 882, 883, 884, 885, 826, 827, 830, 831, 832, 833, 834, 835,
-    828, 829, 836, 837, 886, 887, 888, 889, 890, 891, 892, 893, 894, 895,
-    896, 897, 898, 899, 900, 901, 902, 903, 904, 905, 906, 907, 908, 909,
-    910, 911, 912, 913, 914, 915, 838, 839, 840, 841, 842, 843, 844, 845,
-    917, 918, 919, 920, 921, 922, 923, 924, 925, 926, 927, 928, 929, 930,
-    931, 932, 933, 934, 935, 936, 937, 938, 939, 940, 941, 942, 943, 944,
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-    35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762,
-    35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 35762, 2827, 2794, 2852, 2853, 2823,
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-    2866, 2838, 2797, 2832, 2867, 2828, 2804, 2805, 2836, 2810, 2851, 2793,
-    2850, 2819, 2843, 2874, 2792, 2837, 2868, 2822, 2821, 2817, 2795, 2849,
-    2826, 2856, 2809, 2846, 2857, 2873, 2802, 2863, 2870, 2811, 2798, 2825,
-    2800, 2818, 2861, 2803, 2876, 2878, 2799, 2864, 2814, 2858, 2835, 2862,
-    2840, 2847, 2831, 2875, 2830, 2812, 2844, 2815, 2841, 2869, 2865, 2848,
-    2833, 2806, 2839, 2796, 2834, 2877, 2801, 2845, 2824, 2816, 2910, 2926,
-    2924, 2923, 2889, 2895, 2884, 2930, 2894, 2886, 2916, 2929, 2888, 2914,
-    2915, 2879, 2919, 2927, 2921, 2922, 2901, 2898, 2913, 2882, 2880, 2881,
-    2887, 2917, 2934, 2908, 2906, 2931, 2920, 2928, 2900, 2904, 2905, 2902,
-    2925, 2897, 2903, 2912, 2918, 2899, 2932, 2896, 2933, 2883, 2893, 2892,
-    2890, 2907, 2911, 2891, 2885, 2909, 2986, 3006, 3027, 3023, 2985, 2974,
-    2987, 2935, 2963, 2937, 3007, 3003, 2960, 3008, 2978, 2957, 2940, 2936,
-    2942, 3026, 3005, 2968, 2998, 2966, 3028, 2947, 2948, 3012, 2979, 3016,
-    2994, 3020, 3015, 2981, 3022, 2972, 2954, 3004, 2982, 2950, 2965, 2970,
-    3001, 3017, 2984, 3031, 2975, 3000, 2997, 3030, 3021, 2962, 3032, 2990,
-    2949, 3019, 2995, 2992, 2944, 2980, 2956, 2967, 2952, 2946, 2991, 2989,
-    3024, 2983, 2999, 3002, 2945, 2996, 2976, 2953, 3029, 2977, 3013, 3011,
-    2964, 2955, 2959, 2941, 2961, 2943, 2958, 3025, 2993, 2971, 2969, 3014,
-    2939, 2938, 2988, 2973, 2951, 3009, 3010, 3018, 3060, 3144, 3093, 3067,
-    3094, 3053, 3092, 3098, 3080, 3107, 3143, 3089, 3123, 3090, 3037, 3136,
-    3121, 3096, 3128, 3041, 3145, 3043, 3130, 3065, 3075, 3056, 3062, 3132,
-    3149, 3091, 3038, 3086, 3138, 3036, 3088, 3033, 3076, 3070, 3048, 3077,
-    3072, 3071, 3113, 3069, 3066, 3054, 3099, 3058, 3046, 3105, 3134, 3133,
-    3146, 3039, 3120, 3137, 3085, 3064, 3100, 3040, 3116, 3111, 3106, 3051,
-    3079, 3068, 3083, 3147, 3115, 3148, 3078, 3102, 3127, 3044, 3082, 3087,
-    3139, 3061, 3045, 3101, 3135, 3057, 3081, 3049, 3084, 3097, 3095, 3035,
-    3042, 3117, 3141, 3140, 3108, 3119, 3050, 3063, 3055, 3129, 3074, 3125,
-    3122, 3047, 3110, 3126, 3103, 3112, 3109, 3124, 3114, 3073, 3052, 3118,
-    3142, 3104, 3059, 3131, 3034, 3203, 3280, 3190, 3177, 3287, 3180, 3243,
-    3269, 3259, 3229, 3206, 3254, 3274, 3215, 3170, 3290, 3262, 3208, 3244,
-    3279, 3172, 3182, 3231, 3221, 3187, 3218, 3222, 3230, 3261, 3228, 3247,
-    3270, 3211, 3194, 3164, 3217, 3225, 3188, 3181, 3209, 3205, 3271, 3263,
-    3257, 3202, 3210, 3295, 3163, 3284, 3291, 3251, 3283, 3167, 3268, 3277,
-    3285, 3288, 3176, 3253, 3273, 3161, 3223, 3264, 3193, 3191, 3236, 3240,
-    3160, 3282, 3171, 3303, 3234, 3296, 3192, 3204, 3249, 3299, 3179, 3153,
-    3159, 3220, 3169, 3186, 3216, 3165, 3155, 3232, 3245, 3293, 3207, 3235,
-    3237, 3252, 3196, 3154, 3239, 3197, 3162, 3152, 3200, 3255, 3219, 3173,
-    3250, 3233, 3292, 3212, 3241, 3151, 3158, 3226, 3304, 3281, 3306, 3305,
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-    4176, 4178, 4180, 4175, 4168, 4171, 4184, 4207, 2504, 16339, 19487,
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-    6761, 6762, 6763, 6764, 6765, 6766, 6767, 6768, 6769, 6770, 6771, 6772,
-    6773, 6774, 6775, 6776, 6777, 6778, 6779, 6780, 6781, 6782, 6783, 6784,
-    6785, 6786, 6787, 6788, 6789, 6790, 6791, 6792, 6793, 6794, 6795, 6796,
-    6797, 6798, 6799, 6800, 6801, 6802, 6803, 6804, 6805, 6806, 6807, 6808,
-    6809, 6810, 6811, 6812, 6813, 6814, 6815, 6816, 6817, 6818, 6819, 6820,
-    6821, 6822, 6823, 6824, 6825, 6826, 6827, 6828, 6829, 6830, 6831, 6832,
-    6833, 6834, 6835, 6836, 6837, 6838, 6839, 6840, 6841, 6842, 6843, 6844,
-    6845, 6846, 6847, 6848, 6849, 6850, 6851, 6852, 6853, 6854, 6855, 6856,
-    6857, 6858, 6859, 6860, 6861, 6862, 6863, 6864, 6865, 6866, 6867, 6868,
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-    27944, 18311, 18929, 10220, 2297, 350, 29936, 16751, 18043, 18044, 18086,
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-    33457, 33458, 33459, 33460, 33461, 33462, 33464, 33465, 33466, 33467,
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-    33490, 33491, 33492, 33493, 33494, 33495, 33497, 33498, 33499, 33500,
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+    40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951,
+    40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951,
+    40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951,
+    40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951,
+    40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951,
+    40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951,
+    24032, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951,
+    40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951,
+    40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951,
+    40951, 35020, 34949, 35012, 35021, 34937, 35010, 34931, 34930, 35007,
+    35015, 34932, 35011, 34935, 34952, 35023, 35019, 34944, 34946, 34943,
+    34942, 34939, 34938, 34941, 34940, 34947, 34945, 34936, 35018, 35005,
+    34948, 34951, 35013, 34934, 34953, 34954, 34955, 34956, 34957, 34958,
+    34959, 34960, 34961, 34962, 34963, 34964, 34965, 34966, 34967, 34968,
+    34969, 34970, 34971, 34972, 34973, 34974, 34975, 34976, 34977, 34978,
+    35008, 35017, 35016, 34933, 35009, 34950, 34979, 34980, 34981, 34982,
+    34983, 34984, 34985, 34986, 34987, 34988, 34989, 34990, 34991, 34992,
+    34993, 34994, 34995, 34996, 34997, 34998, 34999, 35000, 35001, 35002,
+    35003, 35004, 35006, 35024, 35014, 35022, 5995, 40951, 40951, 40951,
+    40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951,
+    40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951,
+    40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951,
+    40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951,
+    40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951,
+    40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951,
+    40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951,
+    40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951,
+    40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951,
+    40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951,
+    40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951,
+    40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951,
+    40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 38339, 38350, 38361, 38373, 38384,
+    38395, 38406, 38417, 38428, 38436, 38437, 38438, 38439, 38441, 38442,
+    38443, 38444, 38445, 38446, 38447, 38448, 38449, 38450, 38452, 38453,
+    38454, 38455, 38456, 38457, 38458, 38459, 38460, 38461, 38463, 38464,
+    38465, 38466, 38467, 38468, 38469, 38470, 38471, 38472, 38474, 38475,
+    38476, 38477, 38478, 38479, 38480, 38481, 38482, 38483, 38485, 38486,
+    38487, 38488, 38489, 38490, 38491, 38492, 38493, 38494, 38496, 38497,
+    38498, 38499, 38500, 38501, 38502, 38503, 38504, 38505, 38507, 38508,
+    38509, 38510, 38511, 38512, 38513, 38514, 38515, 38516, 38263, 38264,
+    38265, 38266, 38267, 38268, 38269, 38270, 38271, 38272, 38274, 38275,
+    38276, 38277, 38278, 38279, 38280, 38281, 38282, 38283, 38285, 38286,
+    38287, 38288, 38289, 38290, 38291, 38292, 38293, 38294, 38296, 38297,
+    38298, 38299, 38300, 38301, 38302, 38303, 38304, 38305, 38307, 38308,
+    38309, 38310, 38311, 38312, 38313, 38314, 38315, 38316, 38318, 38319,
+    38320, 38321, 38322, 38323, 38324, 38325, 38326, 38327, 38329, 38330,
+    38331, 38332, 38333, 38334, 38335, 38336, 38337, 38338, 38340, 38341,
+    38342, 38343, 38344, 38345, 38346, 38347, 38348, 38349, 38351, 38352,
+    38353, 38354, 38355, 38356, 38357, 38358, 38359, 38360, 38362, 38363,
+    38364, 38365, 38366, 38367, 38368, 38369, 38370, 38371, 38374, 38375,
+    38376, 38377, 38378, 38379, 38380, 38381, 38382, 38383, 38385, 38386,
+    38387, 38388, 38389, 38390, 38391, 38392, 38393, 38394, 38396, 38397,
+    38398, 38399, 38400, 38401, 38402, 38403, 38404, 38405, 38407, 38408,
+    38409, 38410, 38411, 38412, 38413, 38414, 38415, 38416, 38418, 38419,
+    38420, 38421, 38422, 38423, 38424, 38425, 38426, 38427, 38429, 38430,
+    38431, 38432, 38433, 38434, 38435, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951,
+    40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951,
+    40951, 29854, 29853, 34498, 34077, 34499, 34529, 16774, 17347, 16772,
+    16785, 16778, 16777, 3, 2, 347, 3542, 2612, 5258, 6290, 20419, 20449,
+    34928, 24495, 29177, 16775, 25337, 29928, 16783, 24497, 38850, 38955,
+    17497, 17647, 6063, 8678, 32821, 25111, 33874, 32822, 25110, 32853,
+    10543, 11530, 10827, 10544, 10826, 10545, 10825, 10546, 10823, 10547,
+    29045, 28963, 34833, 34832, 16773, 17346, 5993, 5266, 16771, 16784,
+    16738, 34560, 34530, 16819, 16818, 20706, 17442, 17645, 20707, 18670,
+    18976, 20708, 31789, 32368, 20709, 37754, 37960, 34079, 10559, 10556,
+    30887, 30886, 20286, 20448, 4927, 5257, 29350, 28965, 20633, 20632,
+    29279, 29284, 34495, 34483, 16770, 16822, 6292, 20421, 20451, 6291,
+    20420, 20450, 24498, 38851, 38956, 31210, 31209, 31587, 31211, 31212,
+    31567, 31869, 31876, 31904, 33639, 33640, 34481, 33638, 33641, 34482,
+    10824, 10548, 31676, 31677, 31724, 31675, 31678, 31725, 32662, 34528,
+    5994, 10528, 27410, 28789, 34494, 34497, 34080, 16769, 16767, 17384,
+    34496, 34078, 33633, 34925, 33632, 32557, 8472, 10527, 34519, 34484,
+    30547, 30768, 31674, 31726, 1059, 1060, 28964, 32852, 22893, 23515,
+    10526, 2313, 361, 34911, 21230, 22570, 22571, 22613, 22579, 37100, 19375,
+    19376, 19353, 19374, 17641, 17642, 17643, 28787, 17644, 34585, 40949,
+    40948, 40950, 25333, 32171, 25331, 32169, 31283, 25334, 32172, 29927,
+    28788, 39378, 25332, 32170, 17646, 31284, 39147, 27571, 27572, 24248,
+    32127, 39885, 28575, 38518, 38629, 38697, 38708, 38719, 38730, 38741,
+    38752, 38763, 38519, 38530, 38541, 38552, 38563, 38574, 38585, 31643,
+    5256, 4549, 40947, 9642, 9641, 9337, 2827, 26869, 26867, 26927, 26925,
+    20199, 5093, 27245, 27248, 38596, 38607, 38618, 38630, 38641, 38652,
+    38663, 38674, 38685, 38693, 38694, 38695, 38696, 38698, 38699, 38700,
+    38701, 38702, 38703, 38704, 38705, 38706, 38707, 38709, 38710, 38711,
+    38712, 38713, 38714, 38715, 38716, 38717, 38718, 38720, 38721, 38722,
+    38723, 38724, 38725, 38726, 38727, 38728, 38729, 38731, 38732, 38733,
+    38734, 38735, 38736, 38737, 38738, 38739, 38740, 38742, 38743, 38744,
+    38745, 38746, 38747, 38748, 38749, 38750, 38751, 38753, 38754, 38755,
+    38756, 38757, 38758, 38759, 38760, 38761, 38762, 38764, 38765, 38766,
+    38767, 38768, 38769, 38770, 38771, 38772, 38773, 38520, 38521, 38522,
+    38523, 38524, 38525, 38526, 38527, 38528, 38529, 38531, 38532, 38533,
+    38534, 38535, 38536, 38537, 38538, 38539, 38540, 38542, 38543, 38544,
+    38545, 38546, 38547, 38548, 38549, 38550, 38551, 38553, 38554, 38555,
+    38556, 38557, 38558, 38559, 38560, 38561, 38562, 38564, 38565, 38566,
+    38567, 38568, 38569, 38570, 38571, 38572, 38573, 38575, 38576, 38577,
+    38578, 38579, 38580, 38581, 38582, 38583, 38584, 38586, 38587, 38588,
+    38589, 38590, 38591, 38592, 38593, 38594, 38595, 38597, 38598, 38599,
+    38600, 38601, 38602, 38603, 38604, 38605, 38606, 38608, 38609, 38610,
+    38611, 38612, 38613, 38614, 38615, 38616, 38617, 38619, 38620, 38621,
+    38622, 38623, 38624, 38625, 38626, 38627, 38628, 38631, 38632, 38633,
+    38634, 38635, 38636, 38637, 38638, 38639, 38640, 38642, 38643, 38644,
+    38645, 38646, 38647, 38648, 38649, 38650, 38651, 38653, 38654, 38655,
+    38656, 38657, 38658, 38659, 38660, 38661, 38662, 38664, 38665, 38666,
+    38667, 38668, 38669, 38670, 38671, 38672, 38673, 38675, 38676, 38677,
+    38678, 38679, 38680, 38681, 38682, 38683, 38684, 38686, 38687, 38688,
+    38689, 38690, 38691, 38692, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951,
+    40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951,
+    40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951,
+    40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 21614,
+    21615, 21622, 21624, 21621, 21620, 21617, 21616, 21619, 21618, 21625,
+    21623, 22758, 23321, 22917, 23546, 23156, 23919, 22852, 23456, 22853,
+    23457, 22854, 23458, 23028, 23697, 23029, 23698, 23030, 23699, 23095,
+    23795, 22836, 23439, 22832, 23435, 23541, 23665, 22768, 23331, 22769,
+    23332, 22857, 23462, 22858, 23463, 22842, 23445, 22843, 23446, 23540,
+    23542, 22922, 23548, 22923, 23549, 22940, 23576, 22970, 23616, 22978,
+    23638, 23068, 23756, 23160, 23923, 23161, 23924, 23157, 23920, 23158,
+    23921, 23340, 23714, 23715, 23874, 23875, 23804, 23805, 23530, 23531,
+    2283, 2286, 2284, 2288, 2290, 2287, 2289, 2285, 2291, 10756, 10751,
+    10750, 10757, 10752, 10753, 10755, 10754, 3614, 3613, 3615, 18884, 18883,
+    18882, 18881, 18886, 18885, 30619, 30618, 3559, 35374, 35382, 35391,
+    35383, 35385, 35380, 35384, 35379, 35395, 35394, 35397, 35389, 35376,
+    35396, 35378, 35377, 35390, 35381, 35393, 35387, 35388, 35386, 35392,
+    35375, 35513, 35520, 35521, 35516, 35517, 35522, 35523, 35514, 35518,
+    35519, 35515, 35579, 35586, 35587, 35582, 35583, 35588, 35589, 35580,
+    35584, 35585, 35581, 35690, 35697, 35698, 35693, 35694, 35699, 35700,
+    35691, 35695, 35696, 35692, 35590, 35597, 35598, 35593, 35594, 35599,
+    35600, 35591, 35595, 35596, 35592, 35668, 35675, 35676, 35671, 35672,
+    35677, 35678, 35669, 35673, 35674, 35670, 35568, 35575, 35576, 35571,
+    35572, 35577, 35578, 35569, 35573, 35574, 35570, 35679, 35686, 35687,
+    35682, 35683, 35688, 35689, 35680, 35684, 35685, 35681, 35601, 35608,
+    35609, 35604, 35605, 35610, 35611, 35602, 35606, 35607, 35603, 35734,
+    35741, 35742, 35737, 35738, 35743, 35744, 35735, 35739, 35740, 35736,
+    35723, 35730, 35731, 35726, 35727, 35732, 35733, 35724, 35728, 35729,
+    35725, 35756, 35763, 35764, 35759, 35760, 35765, 35766, 35757, 35761,
+    35762, 35758, 35623, 35630, 35631, 35626, 35627, 35632, 35633, 35624,
+    35628, 35629, 35625, 35546, 35553, 35554, 35549, 35550, 35555, 35556,
+    35547, 35551, 35552, 35548, 35745, 35752, 35753, 35748, 35749, 35754,
+    35755, 35746, 35750, 35751, 35747, 35524, 35531, 35532, 35527, 35528,
+    35533, 35534, 35525, 35529, 35530, 35526, 35535, 35542, 35543, 35538,
+    35539, 35544, 35545, 35536, 35540, 35541, 35537, 35612, 35619, 35620,
+    35615, 35616, 35621, 35622, 35613, 35617, 35618, 35614, 35557, 35564,
+    35565, 35560, 35561, 35566, 35567, 35558, 35562, 35563, 35559, 35712,
+    35719, 35720, 35715, 35716, 35721, 35722, 35713, 35717, 35718, 35714,
+    35634, 35642, 35643, 35637, 35638, 35644, 35645, 35635, 35639, 35640,
+    35636, 35646, 35653, 35654, 35649, 35650, 35655, 35656, 35647, 35651,
+    35652, 35648, 35657, 35664, 35665, 35660, 35661, 35666, 35667, 35658,
+    35662, 35663, 35659, 35701, 35708, 35709, 35704, 35705, 35710, 35711,
+    35702, 35706, 35707, 35703, 35501, 35502, 35509, 35510, 35505, 35506,
+    35511, 35512, 35503, 35507, 35508, 35504, 35641, 33664, 33662, 33663,
+    17807, 22179, 22177, 22180, 22178, 22169, 22175, 22173, 22176, 22174,
+    22170, 22190, 22186, 22191, 22187, 22171, 22188, 22184, 22189, 22185,
+    22172, 22201, 22181, 22183, 22182, 22197, 22200, 22198, 22193, 22199,
+    22194, 22195, 22196, 22202, 22192, 22341, 22218, 22219, 22220, 22217,
+    22336, 22328, 20316, 20318, 20320, 20317, 20319, 21319, 21321, 21323,
+    21320, 21322, 21312, 21311, 21310, 21313, 27780, 27785, 40951, 40951,
+    40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951,
+    40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951,
+    40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951,
+    40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951,
+    40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951, 40951,
 };
 
 
 static const unsigned int aliases_start = 0xf0000;
-static const unsigned int aliases_end = 0xf01d9;
+static const unsigned int aliases_end = 0xf01dd;
 static const unsigned int name_aliases[] = {
     0x0000,
     0x0000,
@@ -17397,12 +18751,16 @@ static const unsigned int name_aliases[] = {
     0xFEFF,
     0x122D4,
     0x122D5,
+    0x12327,
+    0x1680B,
     0x16E56,
     0x16E57,
     0x16E76,
     0x16E77,
     0x1B001,
     0x1D0C5,
+    0x1E899,
+    0x1E89A,
     0xE0100,
     0xE0101,
     0xE0102,
diff --git a/Modules/zlibmodule.c b/Modules/zlibmodule.c
index b115f67f228ba7..78dcce73cdaade 100644
--- a/Modules/zlibmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/zlibmodule.c
@@ -267,12 +267,12 @@ newcompobject(PyTypeObject *type)
     self->eof = 0;
     self->is_initialised = 0;
     self->zdict = NULL;
-    self->unused_data = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize("", 0);
+    self->unused_data = Py_GetConstant(Py_CONSTANT_EMPTY_BYTES);
     if (self->unused_data == NULL) {
         Py_DECREF(self);
         return NULL;
     }
-    self->unconsumed_tail = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize("", 0);
+    self->unconsumed_tail = Py_GetConstant(Py_CONSTANT_EMPTY_BYTES);
     if (self->unconsumed_tail == NULL) {
         Py_DECREF(self);
         return NULL;
@@ -489,8 +489,8 @@ zlib_decompress_impl(PyObject *module, Py_buffer *data, int wbits,
             Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
 
             switch (err) {
-            case Z_OK:            /* fall through */
-            case Z_BUF_ERROR:     /* fall through */
+            case Z_OK: _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
+            case Z_BUF_ERROR: _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
             case Z_STREAM_END:
                 break;
             case Z_MEM_ERROR:
@@ -915,8 +915,8 @@ zlib_Decompress_decompress_impl(compobject *self, PyTypeObject *cls,
             Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
 
             switch (err) {
-            case Z_OK:            /* fall through */
-            case Z_BUF_ERROR:     /* fall through */
+            case Z_OK: _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
+            case Z_BUF_ERROR: _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
             case Z_STREAM_END:
                 break;
             default:
@@ -1293,8 +1293,8 @@ zlib_Decompress_flush_impl(compobject *self, PyTypeObject *cls,
             Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
 
             switch (err) {
-            case Z_OK:            /* fall through */
-            case Z_BUF_ERROR:     /* fall through */
+            case Z_OK: _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
+            case Z_BUF_ERROR: _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
             case Z_STREAM_END:
                 break;
             default:
@@ -1495,8 +1495,8 @@ decompress_buf(ZlibDecompressor *self, Py_ssize_t max_length)
             err = inflate(&self->zst, Z_SYNC_FLUSH);
             Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
             switch (err) {
-            case Z_OK:            /* fall through */
-            case Z_BUF_ERROR:     /* fall through */
+            case Z_OK:  _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
+            case Z_BUF_ERROR: _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
             case Z_STREAM_END:
                 break;
             default:
diff --git a/Objects/abstract.c b/Objects/abstract.c
index 200817064e3cda..f6647874d732f6 100644
--- a/Objects/abstract.c
+++ b/Objects/abstract.c
@@ -862,7 +862,7 @@ PyObject_Format(PyObject *obj, PyObject *format_spec)
 
     /* If no format_spec is provided, use an empty string */
     if (format_spec == NULL) {
-        empty = PyUnicode_New(0, 0);
+        empty = Py_GetConstant(Py_CONSTANT_EMPTY_STR);
         format_spec = empty;
     }
 
@@ -1000,20 +1000,6 @@ binary_op(PyObject *v, PyObject *w, const int op_slot, const char *op_name)
     PyObject *result = BINARY_OP1(v, w, op_slot, op_name);
     if (result == Py_NotImplemented) {
         Py_DECREF(result);
-
-        if (op_slot == NB_SLOT(nb_rshift) &&
-            PyCFunction_CheckExact(v) &&
-            strcmp(((PyCFunctionObject *)v)->m_ml->ml_name, "print") == 0)
-        {
-            PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
-                "unsupported operand type(s) for %.100s: "
-                "'%.100s' and '%.100s'. Did you mean \"print(<message>, "
-                "file=<output_stream>)\"?",
-                op_name,
-                Py_TYPE(v)->tp_name,
-                Py_TYPE(w)->tp_name);
-            return NULL;
-        }
         return binop_type_error(v, w, op_name);
     }
     return result;
@@ -2141,7 +2127,7 @@ PySequence_Fast(PyObject *v, const char *m)
    PY_ITERSEARCH_COUNT:  -1 if error, else # of times obj appears in seq.
    PY_ITERSEARCH_INDEX:  0-based index of first occurrence of obj in seq;
     set ValueError and return -1 if none found; also return -1 on error.
-   Py_ITERSEARCH_CONTAINS:  return 1 if obj in seq, else 0; -1 on error.
+   PY_ITERSEARCH_CONTAINS:  return 1 if obj in seq, else 0; -1 on error.
 */
 Py_ssize_t
 _PySequence_IterSearch(PyObject *seq, PyObject *obj, int operation)
@@ -2158,7 +2144,15 @@ _PySequence_IterSearch(PyObject *seq, PyObject *obj, int operation)
     it = PyObject_GetIter(seq);
     if (it == NULL) {
         if (PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_TypeError)) {
-            type_error("argument of type '%.200s' is not iterable", seq);
+            if (operation == PY_ITERSEARCH_CONTAINS) {
+                type_error(
+                    "argument of type '%.200s' is not a container or iterable",
+                    seq
+                    );
+            }
+            else {
+                type_error("argument of type '%.200s' is not iterable", seq);
+            }
         }
         return -1;
     }
@@ -2873,7 +2867,50 @@ PyAIter_Check(PyObject *obj)
             tp->tp_as_async->am_anext != &_PyObject_NextNotImplemented);
 }
 
+static int
+iternext(PyObject *iter, PyObject **item)
+{
+    iternextfunc tp_iternext = Py_TYPE(iter)->tp_iternext;
+    if ((*item = tp_iternext(iter))) {
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
+    /* When the iterator is exhausted it must return NULL;
+     * a StopIteration exception may or may not be set. */
+    if (!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    if (_PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_StopIteration)) {
+        _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    /* Error case: an exception (different than StopIteration) is set. */
+    return -1;
+}
+
+/* Return 1 and set 'item' to the next item of 'iter' on success.
+ * Return 0 and set 'item' to NULL when there are no remaining values.
+ * Return -1, set 'item' to NULL and set an exception on error.
+ */
+int
+PyIter_NextItem(PyObject *iter, PyObject **item)
+{
+    assert(iter != NULL);
+    assert(item != NULL);
+
+    if (Py_TYPE(iter)->tp_iternext == NULL) {
+        *item = NULL;
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "expected an iterator, got '%T'", iter);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    return iternext(iter, item);
+}
+
 /* Return next item.
+ *
  * If an error occurs, return NULL.  PyErr_Occurred() will be true.
  * If the iteration terminates normally, return NULL and clear the
  * PyExc_StopIteration exception (if it was set).  PyErr_Occurred()
@@ -2883,17 +2920,9 @@ PyAIter_Check(PyObject *obj)
 PyObject *
 PyIter_Next(PyObject *iter)
 {
-    PyObject *result;
-    result = (*Py_TYPE(iter)->tp_iternext)(iter);
-    if (result == NULL) {
-        PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
-        if (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)
-            && _PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_StopIteration))
-        {
-            _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
-        }
-    }
-    return result;
+    PyObject *item;
+    (void)iternext(iter, &item);
+    return item;
 }
 
 PySendResult
diff --git a/Objects/boolobject.c b/Objects/boolobject.c
index fb48dcbeca7850..a88a8ad0cfd560 100644
--- a/Objects/boolobject.c
+++ b/Objects/boolobject.c
@@ -71,8 +71,8 @@ static PyObject *
 bool_invert(PyObject *v)
 {
     if (PyErr_WarnEx(PyExc_DeprecationWarning,
-                     "Bitwise inversion '~' on bool is deprecated. This "
-                     "returns the bitwise inversion of the underlying int "
+                     "Bitwise inversion '~' on bool is deprecated and will be removed in "
+                     "Python 3.16. This returns the bitwise inversion of the underlying int "
                      "object and is usually not what you expect from negating "
                      "a bool. Use the 'not' operator for boolean negation or "
                      "~int(x) if you really want the bitwise inversion of the "
diff --git a/Objects/bytearrayobject.c b/Objects/bytearrayobject.c
index 2bce6bc0a629a3..1d04a09a4a1e03 100644
--- a/Objects/bytearrayobject.c
+++ b/Objects/bytearrayobject.c
@@ -42,15 +42,16 @@ _getbytevalue(PyObject* arg, int *value)
 }
 
 static int
-bytearray_getbuffer(PyByteArrayObject *obj, Py_buffer *view, int flags)
+bytearray_getbuffer(PyObject *self, Py_buffer *view, int flags)
 {
-    void *ptr;
+    PyByteArrayObject *obj = _PyByteArray_CAST(self);
     if (view == NULL) {
         PyErr_SetString(PyExc_BufferError,
             "bytearray_getbuffer: view==NULL argument is obsolete");
         return -1;
     }
-    ptr = (void *) PyByteArray_AS_STRING(obj);
+
+    void *ptr = (void *) PyByteArray_AS_STRING(obj);
     /* cannot fail if view != NULL and readonly == 0 */
     (void)PyBuffer_FillInfo(view, (PyObject*)obj, ptr, Py_SIZE(obj), 0, flags);
     obj->ob_exports++;
@@ -58,8 +59,9 @@ bytearray_getbuffer(PyByteArrayObject *obj, Py_buffer *view, int flags)
 }
 
 static void
-bytearray_releasebuffer(PyByteArrayObject *obj, Py_buffer *view)
+bytearray_releasebuffer(PyObject *self, Py_buffer *view)
 {
+    PyByteArrayObject *obj = _PyByteArray_CAST(self);
     obj->ob_exports--;
     assert(obj->ob_exports >= 0);
 }
@@ -286,46 +288,53 @@ PyByteArray_Concat(PyObject *a, PyObject *b)
 /* Functions stuffed into the type object */
 
 static Py_ssize_t
-bytearray_length(PyByteArrayObject *self)
+bytearray_length(PyObject *op)
 {
+    PyByteArrayObject *self = _PyByteArray_CAST(op);
     return Py_SIZE(self);
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-bytearray_iconcat(PyByteArrayObject *self, PyObject *other)
+bytearray_iconcat(PyObject *op, PyObject *other)
 {
-    Py_ssize_t size;
-    Py_buffer vo;
+    PyByteArrayObject *self = _PyByteArray_CAST(op);
 
+    Py_buffer vo;
     if (PyObject_GetBuffer(other, &vo, PyBUF_SIMPLE) != 0) {
         PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "can't concat %.100s to %.100s",
                      Py_TYPE(other)->tp_name, Py_TYPE(self)->tp_name);
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    size = Py_SIZE(self);
+    Py_ssize_t size = Py_SIZE(self);
     if (size > PY_SSIZE_T_MAX - vo.len) {
         PyBuffer_Release(&vo);
         return PyErr_NoMemory();
     }
+
     if (PyByteArray_Resize((PyObject *)self, size + vo.len) < 0) {
         PyBuffer_Release(&vo);
         return NULL;
     }
+
     memcpy(PyByteArray_AS_STRING(self) + size, vo.buf, vo.len);
     PyBuffer_Release(&vo);
     return Py_NewRef(self);
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-bytearray_repeat(PyByteArrayObject *self, Py_ssize_t count)
+bytearray_repeat(PyObject *op, Py_ssize_t count)
 {
-    if (count < 0)
+    PyByteArrayObject *self = _PyByteArray_CAST(op);
+    if (count < 0) {
         count = 0;
+    }
     const Py_ssize_t mysize = Py_SIZE(self);
-    if (count > 0 && mysize > PY_SSIZE_T_MAX / count)
+    if (count > 0 && mysize > PY_SSIZE_T_MAX / count) {
         return PyErr_NoMemory();
+    }
     Py_ssize_t size = mysize * count;
+
     PyByteArrayObject* result = (PyByteArrayObject *)PyByteArray_FromStringAndSize(NULL, size);
     const char* buf = PyByteArray_AS_STRING(self);
     if (result != NULL && size != 0) {
@@ -335,20 +344,24 @@ bytearray_repeat(PyByteArrayObject *self, Py_ssize_t count)
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-bytearray_irepeat(PyByteArrayObject *self, Py_ssize_t count)
+bytearray_irepeat(PyObject *op, Py_ssize_t count)
 {
-    if (count < 0)
+    PyByteArrayObject *self = _PyByteArray_CAST(op);
+    if (count < 0) {
         count = 0;
+    }
     else if (count == 1) {
         return Py_NewRef(self);
     }
 
     const Py_ssize_t mysize = Py_SIZE(self);
-    if (count > 0 && mysize > PY_SSIZE_T_MAX / count)
+    if (count > 0 && mysize > PY_SSIZE_T_MAX / count) {
         return PyErr_NoMemory();
+    }
     const Py_ssize_t size = mysize * count;
-    if (PyByteArray_Resize((PyObject *)self, size) < 0)
+    if (PyByteArray_Resize((PyObject *)self, size) < 0) {
         return NULL;
+    }
 
     char* buf = PyByteArray_AS_STRING(self);
     _PyBytes_Repeat(buf, size, buf, mysize);
@@ -357,8 +370,9 @@ bytearray_irepeat(PyByteArrayObject *self, Py_ssize_t count)
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-bytearray_getitem(PyByteArrayObject *self, Py_ssize_t i)
+bytearray_getitem(PyObject *op, Py_ssize_t i)
 {
+    PyByteArrayObject *self = _PyByteArray_CAST(op);
     if (i < 0 || i >= Py_SIZE(self)) {
         PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IndexError, "bytearray index out of range");
         return NULL;
@@ -367,8 +381,9 @@ bytearray_getitem(PyByteArrayObject *self, Py_ssize_t i)
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-bytearray_subscript(PyByteArrayObject *self, PyObject *index)
+bytearray_subscript(PyObject *op, PyObject *index)
 {
+    PyByteArrayObject *self = _PyByteArray_CAST(op);
     if (_PyIndex_Check(index)) {
         Py_ssize_t i = PyNumber_AsSsize_t(index, PyExc_IndexError);
 
@@ -559,12 +574,13 @@ bytearray_setslice(PyByteArrayObject *self, Py_ssize_t lo, Py_ssize_t hi,
 }
 
 static int
-bytearray_setitem(PyByteArrayObject *self, Py_ssize_t i, PyObject *value)
+bytearray_setitem(PyObject *op, Py_ssize_t i, PyObject *value)
 {
-    int ival = -1;
+    PyByteArrayObject *self = _PyByteArray_CAST(op);
 
     // GH-91153: We need to do this *before* the size check, in case value has a
     // nasty __index__ method that changes the size of the bytearray:
+    int ival = -1;
     if (value && !_getbytevalue(value, &ival)) {
         return -1;
     }
@@ -588,11 +604,11 @@ bytearray_setitem(PyByteArrayObject *self, Py_ssize_t i, PyObject *value)
 }
 
 static int
-bytearray_ass_subscript(PyByteArrayObject *self, PyObject *index, PyObject *values)
+bytearray_ass_subscript(PyObject *op, PyObject *index, PyObject *values)
 {
-    Py_ssize_t start, stop, step, slicelen, needed;
-    char *buf, *bytes;
-    buf = PyByteArray_AS_STRING(self);
+    PyByteArrayObject *self = _PyByteArray_CAST(op);
+    Py_ssize_t start, stop, step, slicelen;
+    char *buf = PyByteArray_AS_STRING(self);
 
     if (_PyIndex_Check(index)) {
         Py_ssize_t i = PyNumber_AsSsize_t(index, PyExc_IndexError);
@@ -645,6 +661,8 @@ bytearray_ass_subscript(PyByteArrayObject *self, PyObject *index, PyObject *valu
         return -1;
     }
 
+    char *bytes;
+    Py_ssize_t needed;
     if (values == NULL) {
         bytes = NULL;
         needed = 0;
@@ -661,7 +679,7 @@ bytearray_ass_subscript(PyByteArrayObject *self, PyObject *index, PyObject *valu
         values = PyByteArray_FromObject(values);
         if (values == NULL)
             return -1;
-        err = bytearray_ass_subscript(self, index, values);
+        err = bytearray_ass_subscript((PyObject*)self, index, values);
         Py_DECREF(values);
         return err;
     }
@@ -670,10 +688,14 @@ bytearray_ass_subscript(PyByteArrayObject *self, PyObject *index, PyObject *valu
         bytes = PyByteArray_AS_STRING(values);
         needed = Py_SIZE(values);
     }
+
     /* Make sure b[5:2] = ... inserts before 5, not before 2. */
     if ((step < 0 && start < stop) ||
         (step > 0 && start > stop))
+    {
         stop = start;
+    }
+
     if (step == 1) {
         return bytearray_setslice_linear(self, start, stop, bytes, needed);
     }
@@ -797,7 +819,7 @@ bytearray___init___impl(PyByteArrayObject *self, PyObject *arg,
         if (encoded == NULL)
             return -1;
         assert(PyBytes_Check(encoded));
-        new = bytearray_iconcat(self, encoded);
+        new = bytearray_iconcat((PyObject*)self, encoded);
         Py_DECREF(encoded);
         if (new == NULL)
             return -1;
@@ -938,8 +960,9 @@ bytearray___init___impl(PyByteArrayObject *self, PyObject *arg,
 /* Mostly copied from string_repr, but without the
    "smart quote" functionality. */
 static PyObject *
-bytearray_repr(PyByteArrayObject *self)
+bytearray_repr(PyObject *op)
 {
+    PyByteArrayObject *self = _PyByteArray_CAST(op);
     const char *className = _PyType_Name(Py_TYPE(self));
     const char *quote_prefix = "(b";
     const char *quote_postfix = ")";
@@ -1033,7 +1056,7 @@ bytearray_str(PyObject *op)
                 return NULL;
         }
     }
-    return bytearray_repr((PyByteArrayObject*)op);
+    return bytearray_repr(op);
 }
 
 static PyObject *
@@ -1092,8 +1115,9 @@ bytearray_richcompare(PyObject *self, PyObject *other, int op)
 }
 
 static void
-bytearray_dealloc(PyByteArrayObject *self)
+bytearray_dealloc(PyObject *op)
 {
+    PyByteArrayObject *self = _PyByteArray_CAST(op);
     if (self->ob_exports > 0) {
         PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SystemError,
                         "deallocated bytearray object has exported buffers");
@@ -1256,7 +1280,9 @@ bytearray_rindex_impl(PyByteArrayObject *self, PyObject *sub,
 static int
 bytearray_contains(PyObject *self, PyObject *arg)
 {
-    return _Py_bytes_contains(PyByteArray_AS_STRING(self), PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(self), arg);
+    return _Py_bytes_contains(PyByteArray_AS_STRING(self),
+                              PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(self),
+                              arg);
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
@@ -2276,31 +2302,30 @@ bytearray_sizeof_impl(PyByteArrayObject *self)
 }
 
 static PySequenceMethods bytearray_as_sequence = {
-    (lenfunc)bytearray_length,              /* sq_length */
-    (binaryfunc)PyByteArray_Concat,         /* sq_concat */
-    (ssizeargfunc)bytearray_repeat,         /* sq_repeat */
-    (ssizeargfunc)bytearray_getitem,        /* sq_item */
+    bytearray_length,                       /* sq_length */
+    PyByteArray_Concat,                     /* sq_concat */
+    bytearray_repeat,                       /* sq_repeat */
+    bytearray_getitem,                      /* sq_item */
     0,                                      /* sq_slice */
-    (ssizeobjargproc)bytearray_setitem,     /* sq_ass_item */
+    bytearray_setitem,                      /* sq_ass_item */
     0,                                      /* sq_ass_slice */
-    (objobjproc)bytearray_contains,         /* sq_contains */
-    (binaryfunc)bytearray_iconcat,          /* sq_inplace_concat */
-    (ssizeargfunc)bytearray_irepeat,        /* sq_inplace_repeat */
+    bytearray_contains,                     /* sq_contains */
+    bytearray_iconcat,                      /* sq_inplace_concat */
+    bytearray_irepeat,                      /* sq_inplace_repeat */
 };
 
 static PyMappingMethods bytearray_as_mapping = {
-    (lenfunc)bytearray_length,
-    (binaryfunc)bytearray_subscript,
-    (objobjargproc)bytearray_ass_subscript,
+    bytearray_length,
+    bytearray_subscript,
+    bytearray_ass_subscript,
 };
 
 static PyBufferProcs bytearray_as_buffer = {
-    (getbufferproc)bytearray_getbuffer,
-    (releasebufferproc)bytearray_releasebuffer,
+    bytearray_getbuffer,
+    bytearray_releasebuffer,
 };
 
-static PyMethodDef
-bytearray_methods[] = {
+static PyMethodDef bytearray_methods[] = {
     {"__alloc__", (PyCFunction)bytearray_alloc, METH_NOARGS, alloc_doc},
     BYTEARRAY_REDUCE_METHODDEF
     BYTEARRAY_REDUCE_EX_METHODDEF
@@ -2391,12 +2416,12 @@ PyTypeObject PyByteArray_Type = {
     "bytearray",
     sizeof(PyByteArrayObject),
     0,
-    (destructor)bytearray_dealloc,       /* tp_dealloc */
+    bytearray_dealloc,                  /* tp_dealloc */
     0,                                  /* tp_vectorcall_offset */
     0,                                  /* tp_getattr */
     0,                                  /* tp_setattr */
     0,                                  /* tp_as_async */
-    (reprfunc)bytearray_repr,           /* tp_repr */
+    bytearray_repr,                     /* tp_repr */
     &bytearray_as_number,               /* tp_as_number */
     &bytearray_as_sequence,             /* tp_as_sequence */
     &bytearray_as_mapping,              /* tp_as_mapping */
@@ -2411,7 +2436,7 @@ PyTypeObject PyByteArray_Type = {
     bytearray___init____doc__,          /* tp_doc */
     0,                                  /* tp_traverse */
     0,                                  /* tp_clear */
-    (richcmpfunc)bytearray_richcompare, /* tp_richcompare */
+    bytearray_richcompare,              /* tp_richcompare */
     0,                                  /* tp_weaklistoffset */
     bytearray_iter,                     /* tp_iter */
     0,                                  /* tp_iternext */
@@ -2426,7 +2451,7 @@ PyTypeObject PyByteArray_Type = {
     (initproc)bytearray___init__,       /* tp_init */
     PyType_GenericAlloc,                /* tp_alloc */
     PyType_GenericNew,                  /* tp_new */
-    PyObject_Del,                       /* tp_free */
+    PyObject_Free,                      /* tp_free */
 };
 
 /*********************** Bytearray Iterator ****************************/
diff --git a/Objects/bytes_methods.c b/Objects/bytes_methods.c
index 981aa57164385e..c239ae18a593e3 100644
--- a/Objects/bytes_methods.c
+++ b/Objects/bytes_methods.c
@@ -92,57 +92,6 @@ _Py_bytes_isalnum(const char *cptr, Py_ssize_t len)
 }
 
 
-PyDoc_STRVAR_shared(_Py_isascii__doc__,
-"B.isascii() -> bool\n\
-\n\
-Return True if B is empty or all characters in B are ASCII,\n\
-False otherwise.");
-
-// Optimization is copied from ascii_decode in unicodeobject.c
-/* Mask to quickly check whether a C 'size_t' contains a
-   non-ASCII, UTF8-encoded char. */
-#if (SIZEOF_SIZE_T == 8)
-# define ASCII_CHAR_MASK 0x8080808080808080ULL
-#elif (SIZEOF_SIZE_T == 4)
-# define ASCII_CHAR_MASK 0x80808080U
-#else
-# error C 'size_t' size should be either 4 or 8!
-#endif
-
-PyObject*
-_Py_bytes_isascii(const char *cptr, Py_ssize_t len)
-{
-    const char *p = cptr;
-    const char *end = p + len;
-
-    while (p < end) {
-        /* Fast path, see in STRINGLIB(utf8_decode) in stringlib/codecs.h
-           for an explanation. */
-        if (_Py_IS_ALIGNED(p, ALIGNOF_SIZE_T)) {
-            /* Help allocation */
-            const char *_p = p;
-            while (_p + SIZEOF_SIZE_T <= end) {
-                size_t value = *(const size_t *) _p;
-                if (value & ASCII_CHAR_MASK) {
-                    Py_RETURN_FALSE;
-                }
-                _p += SIZEOF_SIZE_T;
-            }
-            p = _p;
-            if (_p == end)
-                break;
-        }
-        if ((unsigned char)*p & 0x80) {
-            Py_RETURN_FALSE;
-        }
-        p++;
-    }
-    Py_RETURN_TRUE;
-}
-
-#undef ASCII_CHAR_MASK
-
-
 PyDoc_STRVAR_shared(_Py_isdigit__doc__,
 "B.isdigit() -> bool\n\
 \n\
@@ -438,6 +387,7 @@ _Py_bytes_maketrans(Py_buffer *frm, Py_buffer *to)
 #include "stringlib/fastsearch.h"
 #include "stringlib/count.h"
 #include "stringlib/find.h"
+#include "stringlib/find_max_char.h"
 
 /*
 Wraps stringlib_parse_args_finds() and additionally checks the first
@@ -482,19 +432,24 @@ parse_args_finds_byte(const char *function_name, PyObject **subobj, char *byte)
 }
 
 /* helper macro to fixup start/end slice values */
-#define ADJUST_INDICES(start, end, len)         \
-    if (end > len)                          \
-        end = len;                          \
-    else if (end < 0) {                     \
-        end += len;                         \
-        if (end < 0)                        \
-        end = 0;                        \
-    }                                       \
-    if (start < 0) {                        \
-        start += len;                       \
-        if (start < 0)                      \
-        start = 0;                      \
-    }
+#define ADJUST_INDICES(start, end, len) \
+    do {                                \
+        if (end > len) {                \
+            end = len;                  \
+        }                               \
+        else if (end < 0) {             \
+            end += len;                 \
+            if (end < 0) {              \
+                end = 0;                \
+            }                           \
+        }                               \
+        if (start < 0) {                \
+            start += len;               \
+            if (start < 0) {            \
+                start = 0;              \
+            }                           \
+        }                               \
+    } while (0)
 
 Py_LOCAL_INLINE(Py_ssize_t)
 find_internal(const char *str, Py_ssize_t len,
@@ -765,3 +720,21 @@ _Py_bytes_endswith(const char *str, Py_ssize_t len, PyObject *subobj,
 {
     return _Py_bytes_tailmatch(str, len, "endswith", subobj, start, end, +1);
 }
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR_shared(_Py_isascii__doc__,
+"B.isascii() -> bool\n\
+\n\
+Return True if B is empty or all characters in B are ASCII,\n\
+False otherwise.");
+
+PyObject*
+_Py_bytes_isascii(const char *cptr, Py_ssize_t len)
+{
+    const char *p = cptr;
+    const char *end = p + len;
+    Py_ssize_t max_char = stringlib_find_max_char(cptr, end);
+    if (max_char > 127) {
+        Py_RETURN_FALSE;
+    }
+    Py_RETURN_TRUE;
+}
diff --git a/Objects/bytesobject.c b/Objects/bytesobject.c
index 397633a27af67d..ea1b6e4f37c445 100644
--- a/Objects/bytesobject.c
+++ b/Objects/bytesobject.c
@@ -1405,8 +1405,9 @@ bytes_str(PyObject *op)
 }
 
 static Py_ssize_t
-bytes_length(PyBytesObject *a)
+bytes_length(PyObject *self)
 {
+    PyBytesObject *a = _PyBytes_CAST(self);
     return Py_SIZE(a);
 }
 
@@ -1456,11 +1457,9 @@ bytes_concat(PyObject *a, PyObject *b)
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-bytes_repeat(PyBytesObject *a, Py_ssize_t n)
+bytes_repeat(PyObject *self, Py_ssize_t n)
 {
-    Py_ssize_t size;
-    PyBytesObject *op;
-    size_t nbytes;
+    PyBytesObject *a = _PyBytes_CAST(self);
     if (n < 0)
         n = 0;
     /* watch out for overflows:  the size can overflow int,
@@ -1471,17 +1470,17 @@ bytes_repeat(PyBytesObject *a, Py_ssize_t n)
             "repeated bytes are too long");
         return NULL;
     }
-    size = Py_SIZE(a) * n;
+    Py_ssize_t size = Py_SIZE(a) * n;
     if (size == Py_SIZE(a) && PyBytes_CheckExact(a)) {
         return Py_NewRef(a);
     }
-    nbytes = (size_t)size;
+    size_t nbytes = (size_t)size;
     if (nbytes + PyBytesObject_SIZE <= nbytes) {
         PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
             "repeated bytes are too long");
         return NULL;
     }
-    op = (PyBytesObject *)PyObject_Malloc(PyBytesObject_SIZE + nbytes);
+    PyBytesObject *op = PyObject_Malloc(PyBytesObject_SIZE + nbytes);
     if (op == NULL) {
         return PyErr_NoMemory();
     }
@@ -1504,8 +1503,9 @@ bytes_contains(PyObject *self, PyObject *arg)
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-bytes_item(PyBytesObject *a, Py_ssize_t i)
+bytes_item(PyObject *self, Py_ssize_t i)
 {
+    PyBytesObject *a = _PyBytes_CAST(self);
     if (i < 0 || i >= Py_SIZE(a)) {
         PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IndexError, "index out of range");
         return NULL;
@@ -1531,21 +1531,17 @@ bytes_compare_eq(PyBytesObject *a, PyBytesObject *b)
 }
 
 static PyObject*
-bytes_richcompare(PyBytesObject *a, PyBytesObject *b, int op)
+bytes_richcompare(PyObject *aa, PyObject *bb, int op)
 {
-    int c;
-    Py_ssize_t len_a, len_b;
-    Py_ssize_t min_len;
-
     /* Make sure both arguments are strings. */
-    if (!(PyBytes_Check(a) && PyBytes_Check(b))) {
+    if (!(PyBytes_Check(aa) && PyBytes_Check(bb))) {
         if (_Py_GetConfig()->bytes_warning && (op == Py_EQ || op == Py_NE)) {
-            if (PyUnicode_Check(a) || PyUnicode_Check(b)) {
+            if (PyUnicode_Check(aa) || PyUnicode_Check(bb)) {
                 if (PyErr_WarnEx(PyExc_BytesWarning,
                                  "Comparison between bytes and string", 1))
                     return NULL;
             }
-            if (PyLong_Check(a) || PyLong_Check(b)) {
+            if (PyLong_Check(aa) || PyLong_Check(bb)) {
                 if (PyErr_WarnEx(PyExc_BytesWarning,
                                  "Comparison between bytes and int", 1))
                     return NULL;
@@ -1553,7 +1549,10 @@ bytes_richcompare(PyBytesObject *a, PyBytesObject *b, int op)
         }
         Py_RETURN_NOTIMPLEMENTED;
     }
-    else if (a == b) {
+
+    PyBytesObject *a = _PyBytes_CAST(aa);
+    PyBytesObject *b = _PyBytes_CAST(bb);
+    if (a == b) {
         switch (op) {
         case Py_EQ:
         case Py_LE:
@@ -1575,38 +1574,43 @@ bytes_richcompare(PyBytesObject *a, PyBytesObject *b, int op)
         return PyBool_FromLong(eq);
     }
     else {
-        len_a = Py_SIZE(a);
-        len_b = Py_SIZE(b);
-        min_len = Py_MIN(len_a, len_b);
+        Py_ssize_t len_a = Py_SIZE(a);
+        Py_ssize_t len_b = Py_SIZE(b);
+        Py_ssize_t min_len = Py_MIN(len_a, len_b);
+        int c;
         if (min_len > 0) {
             c = Py_CHARMASK(*a->ob_sval) - Py_CHARMASK(*b->ob_sval);
             if (c == 0)
                 c = memcmp(a->ob_sval, b->ob_sval, min_len);
         }
-        else
+        else {
             c = 0;
-        if (c != 0)
+        }
+        if (c != 0) {
             Py_RETURN_RICHCOMPARE(c, 0, op);
+        }
         Py_RETURN_RICHCOMPARE(len_a, len_b, op);
     }
 }
 
 static Py_hash_t
-bytes_hash(PyBytesObject *a)
+bytes_hash(PyObject *self)
 {
+    PyBytesObject *a = _PyBytes_CAST(self);
 _Py_COMP_DIAG_PUSH
 _Py_COMP_DIAG_IGNORE_DEPR_DECLS
     if (a->ob_shash == -1) {
         /* Can't fail */
-        a->ob_shash = _Py_HashBytes(a->ob_sval, Py_SIZE(a));
+        a->ob_shash = Py_HashBuffer(a->ob_sval, Py_SIZE(a));
     }
     return a->ob_shash;
 _Py_COMP_DIAG_POP
 }
 
 static PyObject*
-bytes_subscript(PyBytesObject* self, PyObject* item)
+bytes_subscript(PyObject *op, PyObject* item)
 {
+    PyBytesObject *self = _PyBytes_CAST(op);
     if (_PyIndex_Check(item)) {
         Py_ssize_t i = PyNumber_AsSsize_t(item, PyExc_IndexError);
         if (i == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())
@@ -1634,7 +1638,7 @@ bytes_subscript(PyBytesObject* self, PyObject* item)
                                             &stop, step);
 
         if (slicelength <= 0) {
-            return PyBytes_FromStringAndSize("", 0);
+            return Py_GetConstant(Py_CONSTANT_EMPTY_BYTES);
         }
         else if (start == 0 && step == 1 &&
                  slicelength == PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self) &&
@@ -1670,31 +1674,32 @@ bytes_subscript(PyBytesObject* self, PyObject* item)
 }
 
 static int
-bytes_buffer_getbuffer(PyBytesObject *self, Py_buffer *view, int flags)
+bytes_buffer_getbuffer(PyObject *op, Py_buffer *view, int flags)
 {
+    PyBytesObject *self = _PyBytes_CAST(op);
     return PyBuffer_FillInfo(view, (PyObject*)self, (void *)self->ob_sval, Py_SIZE(self),
                              1, flags);
 }
 
 static PySequenceMethods bytes_as_sequence = {
-    (lenfunc)bytes_length, /*sq_length*/
-    (binaryfunc)bytes_concat, /*sq_concat*/
-    (ssizeargfunc)bytes_repeat, /*sq_repeat*/
-    (ssizeargfunc)bytes_item, /*sq_item*/
+    bytes_length,       /*sq_length*/
+    bytes_concat,       /*sq_concat*/
+    bytes_repeat,       /*sq_repeat*/
+    bytes_item,         /*sq_item*/
     0,                  /*sq_slice*/
     0,                  /*sq_ass_item*/
     0,                  /*sq_ass_slice*/
-    (objobjproc)bytes_contains /*sq_contains*/
+    bytes_contains      /*sq_contains*/
 };
 
 static PyMappingMethods bytes_as_mapping = {
-    (lenfunc)bytes_length,
-    (binaryfunc)bytes_subscript,
+    bytes_length,
+    bytes_subscript,
     0,
 };
 
 static PyBufferProcs bytes_as_buffer = {
-    (getbufferproc)bytes_buffer_getbuffer,
+    bytes_buffer_getbuffer,
     NULL,
 };
 
@@ -1867,11 +1872,19 @@ bytes_join(PyBytesObject *self, PyObject *iterable_of_bytes)
 }
 
 PyObject *
-_PyBytes_Join(PyObject *sep, PyObject *x)
+PyBytes_Join(PyObject *sep, PyObject *iterable)
 {
-    assert(sep != NULL && PyBytes_Check(sep));
-    assert(x != NULL);
-    return bytes_join((PyBytesObject*)sep, x);
+    if (sep == NULL) {
+        PyErr_BadInternalCall();
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if (!PyBytes_Check(sep)) {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
+                     "sep: expected bytes, got %T", sep);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    return stringlib_bytes_join(sep, iterable);
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
@@ -3036,11 +3049,11 @@ PyTypeObject PyBytes_Type = {
     0,                                          /* tp_getattr */
     0,                                          /* tp_setattr */
     0,                                          /* tp_as_async */
-    (reprfunc)bytes_repr,                       /* tp_repr */
+    bytes_repr,                                 /* tp_repr */
     &bytes_as_number,                           /* tp_as_number */
     &bytes_as_sequence,                         /* tp_as_sequence */
     &bytes_as_mapping,                          /* tp_as_mapping */
-    (hashfunc)bytes_hash,                       /* tp_hash */
+    bytes_hash,                                 /* tp_hash */
     0,                                          /* tp_call */
     bytes_str,                                  /* tp_str */
     PyObject_GenericGetAttr,                    /* tp_getattro */
@@ -3067,7 +3080,7 @@ PyTypeObject PyBytes_Type = {
     0,                                          /* tp_init */
     bytes_alloc,                                /* tp_alloc */
     bytes_new,                                  /* tp_new */
-    PyObject_Del,                               /* tp_free */
+    PyObject_Free,                              /* tp_free */
 };
 
 void
diff --git a/Objects/capsule.c b/Objects/capsule.c
index 555979dab2b789..28965e0f21b7a0 100644
--- a/Objects/capsule.c
+++ b/Objects/capsule.c
@@ -317,10 +317,14 @@ static int
 capsule_traverse(PyCapsule *capsule, visitproc visit, void *arg)
 {
     // Capsule object is only tracked by the GC
-    // if _PyCapsule_SetTraverse() is called
-    assert(capsule->traverse_func != NULL);
+    // if _PyCapsule_SetTraverse() is called, but
+    // this can still be manually triggered by gc.get_referents()
+
+    if (capsule->traverse_func != NULL) {
+        return capsule->traverse_func((PyObject*)capsule, visit, arg);
+    }
 
-    return capsule->traverse_func((PyObject*)capsule, visit, arg);
+    return 0;
 }
 
 
diff --git a/Objects/cellobject.c b/Objects/cellobject.c
index a2530bbe2cdf75..06b944f4944d63 100644
--- a/Objects/cellobject.c
+++ b/Objects/cellobject.c
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@
 #include "pycore_modsupport.h"    // _PyArg_NoKeywords()
 #include "pycore_object.h"
 
+#define _PyCell_CAST(op) _Py_CAST(PyCellObject*, (op))
+
 PyObject *
 PyCell_New(PyObject *obj)
 {
@@ -73,8 +75,9 @@ PyCell_Set(PyObject *op, PyObject *value)
 }
 
 static void
-cell_dealloc(PyCellObject *op)
+cell_dealloc(PyObject *self)
 {
+    PyCellObject *op = _PyCell_CAST(self);
     _PyObject_GC_UNTRACK(op);
     Py_XDECREF(op->ob_ref);
     PyObject_GC_Del(op);
@@ -101,10 +104,12 @@ cell_richcompare(PyObject *a, PyObject *b, int op)
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-cell_repr(PyCellObject *op)
+cell_repr(PyObject *self)
 {
-    if (op->ob_ref == NULL)
+    PyCellObject *op = _PyCell_CAST(self);
+    if (op->ob_ref == NULL) {
         return PyUnicode_FromFormat("<cell at %p: empty>", op);
+    }
 
     return PyUnicode_FromFormat("<cell at %p: %.80s object at %p>",
                                op, Py_TYPE(op->ob_ref)->tp_name,
@@ -112,24 +117,26 @@ cell_repr(PyCellObject *op)
 }
 
 static int
-cell_traverse(PyCellObject *op, visitproc visit, void *arg)
+cell_traverse(PyObject *self, visitproc visit, void *arg)
 {
+    PyCellObject *op = _PyCell_CAST(self);
     Py_VISIT(op->ob_ref);
     return 0;
 }
 
 static int
-cell_clear(PyCellObject *op)
+cell_clear(PyObject *self)
 {
+    PyCellObject *op = _PyCell_CAST(self);
     Py_CLEAR(op->ob_ref);
     return 0;
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-cell_get_contents(PyCellObject *op, void *closure)
+cell_get_contents(PyObject *self, void *closure)
 {
-    if (op->ob_ref == NULL)
-    {
+    PyCellObject *op = _PyCell_CAST(self);
+    if (op->ob_ref == NULL) {
         PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "Cell is empty");
         return NULL;
     }
@@ -137,15 +144,15 @@ cell_get_contents(PyCellObject *op, void *closure)
 }
 
 static int
-cell_set_contents(PyCellObject *op, PyObject *obj, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
+cell_set_contents(PyObject *self, PyObject *obj, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
+    PyCellObject *op = _PyCell_CAST(self);
     Py_XSETREF(op->ob_ref, Py_XNewRef(obj));
     return 0;
 }
 
 static PyGetSetDef cell_getsetlist[] = {
-    {"cell_contents", (getter)cell_get_contents,
-                      (setter)cell_set_contents, NULL},
+    {"cell_contents", cell_get_contents, cell_set_contents, NULL},
     {NULL} /* sentinel */
 };
 
@@ -154,12 +161,12 @@ PyTypeObject PyCell_Type = {
     "cell",
     sizeof(PyCellObject),
     0,
-    (destructor)cell_dealloc,                   /* tp_dealloc */
+    cell_dealloc,                               /* tp_dealloc */
     0,                                          /* tp_vectorcall_offset */
     0,                                          /* tp_getattr */
     0,                                          /* tp_setattr */
     0,                                          /* tp_as_async */
-    (reprfunc)cell_repr,                        /* tp_repr */
+    cell_repr,                                  /* tp_repr */
     0,                                          /* tp_as_number */
     0,                                          /* tp_as_sequence */
     0,                                          /* tp_as_mapping */
@@ -171,8 +178,8 @@ PyTypeObject PyCell_Type = {
     0,                                          /* tp_as_buffer */
     Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC,    /* tp_flags */
     cell_new_doc,                               /* tp_doc */
-    (traverseproc)cell_traverse,                /* tp_traverse */
-    (inquiry)cell_clear,                        /* tp_clear */
+    cell_traverse,                              /* tp_traverse */
+    cell_clear,                                 /* tp_clear */
     cell_richcompare,                           /* tp_richcompare */
     0,                                          /* tp_weaklistoffset */
     0,                                          /* tp_iter */
@@ -187,6 +194,6 @@ PyTypeObject PyCell_Type = {
     0,                                          /* tp_dictoffset */
     0,                                          /* tp_init */
     0,                                          /* tp_alloc */
-    (newfunc)cell_new,                          /* tp_new */
+    cell_new,                                   /* tp_new */
     0,                                          /* tp_free */
 };
diff --git a/Objects/classobject.c b/Objects/classobject.c
index 69a7d5f046e30d..775894ad5a7166 100644
--- a/Objects/classobject.c
+++ b/Objects/classobject.c
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 
 #include "clinic/classobject.c.h"
 
+#define _PyMethodObject_CAST(op) _Py_CAST(PyMethodObject*, (op))
 #define TP_DESCR_GET(t) ((t)->tp_descr_get)
 
 /*[clinic input]
@@ -166,13 +167,14 @@ static PyMemberDef method_memberlist[] = {
    should only be used for the class, not for instances */
 
 static PyObject *
-method_get_doc(PyMethodObject *im, void *context)
+method_get_doc(PyObject *self, void *context)
 {
+    PyMethodObject *im = _PyMethodObject_CAST(self);
     return PyObject_GetAttr(im->im_func, &_Py_ID(__doc__));
 }
 
 static PyGetSetDef method_getset[] = {
-    {"__doc__", (getter)method_get_doc, NULL, NULL},
+    {"__doc__", method_get_doc, NULL, NULL},
     {0}
 };
 
@@ -235,8 +237,9 @@ method_new_impl(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *function, PyObject *instance)
 }
 
 static void
-method_dealloc(PyMethodObject *im)
+method_dealloc(PyObject *self)
 {
+    PyMethodObject *im = _PyMethodObject_CAST(self);
     _PyObject_GC_UNTRACK(im);
     if (im->im_weakreflist != NULL)
         PyObject_ClearWeakRefs((PyObject *)im);
@@ -274,8 +277,9 @@ method_richcompare(PyObject *self, PyObject *other, int op)
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-method_repr(PyMethodObject *a)
+method_repr(PyObject *op)
 {
+    PyMethodObject *a = _PyMethodObject_CAST(op);
     PyObject *self = a->im_self;
     PyObject *func = a->im_func;
     PyObject *funcname, *result;
@@ -301,22 +305,26 @@ method_repr(PyMethodObject *a)
 }
 
 static Py_hash_t
-method_hash(PyMethodObject *a)
+method_hash(PyObject *self)
 {
-    Py_hash_t x, y;
-    x = PyObject_GenericHash(a->im_self);
-    y = PyObject_Hash(a->im_func);
-    if (y == -1)
+    PyMethodObject *a = _PyMethodObject_CAST(self);
+    Py_hash_t x = PyObject_GenericHash(a->im_self);
+    Py_hash_t y = PyObject_Hash(a->im_func);
+    if (y == -1) {
         return -1;
+    }
+
     x = x ^ y;
-    if (x == -1)
+    if (x == -1) {
         x = -2;
+    }
     return x;
 }
 
 static int
-method_traverse(PyMethodObject *im, visitproc visit, void *arg)
+method_traverse(PyObject *self, visitproc visit, void *arg)
 {
+    PyMethodObject *im = _PyMethodObject_CAST(self);
     Py_VISIT(im->im_func);
     Py_VISIT(im->im_self);
     return 0;
@@ -333,17 +341,17 @@ PyTypeObject PyMethod_Type = {
     PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyType_Type, 0)
     .tp_name = "method",
     .tp_basicsize = sizeof(PyMethodObject),
-    .tp_dealloc = (destructor)method_dealloc,
+    .tp_dealloc = method_dealloc,
     .tp_vectorcall_offset = offsetof(PyMethodObject, vectorcall),
-    .tp_repr = (reprfunc)method_repr,
-    .tp_hash = (hashfunc)method_hash,
+    .tp_repr = method_repr,
+    .tp_hash = method_hash,
     .tp_call = PyVectorcall_Call,
     .tp_getattro = method_getattro,
     .tp_setattro = PyObject_GenericSetAttr,
     .tp_flags = Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC |
                 Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_VECTORCALL,
     .tp_doc = method_new__doc__,
-    .tp_traverse = (traverseproc)method_traverse,
+    .tp_traverse = method_traverse,
     .tp_richcompare = method_richcompare,
     .tp_weaklistoffset = offsetof(PyMethodObject, im_weakreflist),
     .tp_methods = method_methods,
@@ -399,7 +407,7 @@ instancemethod_get_doc(PyObject *self, void *context)
 }
 
 static PyGetSetDef instancemethod_getset[] = {
-    {"__doc__", (getter)instancemethod_get_doc, NULL, NULL},
+    {"__doc__", instancemethod_get_doc, NULL, NULL},
     {0}
 };
 
@@ -537,7 +545,7 @@ PyTypeObject PyInstanceMethod_Type = {
     .tp_name = "instancemethod",
     .tp_basicsize = sizeof(PyInstanceMethodObject),
     .tp_dealloc = instancemethod_dealloc,
-    .tp_repr = (reprfunc)instancemethod_repr,
+    .tp_repr = instancemethod_repr,
     .tp_call = instancemethod_call,
     .tp_getattro = instancemethod_getattro,
     .tp_setattro = PyObject_GenericSetAttr,
diff --git a/Objects/clinic/complexobject.c.h b/Objects/clinic/complexobject.c.h
index 46c3b352562445..58fd4e26871b4d 100644
--- a/Objects/clinic/complexobject.c.h
+++ b/Objects/clinic/complexobject.c.h
@@ -160,4 +160,13 @@ complex_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
 exit:
     return return_value;
 }
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=295ecfd71389d7fe input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR(complex_from_number__doc__,
+"from_number($type, number, /)\n"
+"--\n"
+"\n"
+"Convert number to a complex floating-point number.");
+
+#define COMPLEX_FROM_NUMBER_METHODDEF    \
+    {"from_number", (PyCFunction)complex_from_number, METH_O|METH_CLASS, complex_from_number__doc__},
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=188438cc9ae167f7 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff --git a/Objects/clinic/floatobject.c.h b/Objects/clinic/floatobject.c.h
index 10f6149cc88c22..dd29135590a6a6 100644
--- a/Objects/clinic/floatobject.c.h
+++ b/Objects/clinic/floatobject.c.h
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ PyDoc_STRVAR(float_new__doc__,
 "float(x=0, /)\n"
 "--\n"
 "\n"
-"Convert a string or number to a floating point number, if possible.");
+"Convert a string or number to a floating-point number, if possible.");
 
 static PyObject *
 float_new_impl(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *x);
@@ -227,6 +227,15 @@ float_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
     return return_value;
 }
 
+PyDoc_STRVAR(float_from_number__doc__,
+"from_number($type, number, /)\n"
+"--\n"
+"\n"
+"Convert real number to a floating-point number.");
+
+#define FLOAT_FROM_NUMBER_METHODDEF    \
+    {"from_number", (PyCFunction)float_from_number, METH_O|METH_CLASS, float_from_number__doc__},
+
 PyDoc_STRVAR(float___getnewargs____doc__,
 "__getnewargs__($self, /)\n"
 "--\n"
@@ -256,7 +265,7 @@ PyDoc_STRVAR(float___getformat____doc__,
 "It exists mainly to be used in Python\'s test suite.\n"
 "\n"
 "This function returns whichever of \'unknown\', \'IEEE, big-endian\' or \'IEEE,\n"
-"little-endian\' best describes the format of floating point numbers used by the\n"
+"little-endian\' best describes the format of floating-point numbers used by the\n"
 "C type named by typestr.");
 
 #define FLOAT___GETFORMAT___METHODDEF    \
@@ -318,4 +327,4 @@ float___format__(PyObject *self, PyObject *arg)
 exit:
     return return_value;
 }
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=c79743c8551c30d9 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=366cea9463cc5bf6 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff --git a/Objects/codeobject.c b/Objects/codeobject.c
index e3e306bfe810c4..775ea7aca824c4 100644
--- a/Objects/codeobject.c
+++ b/Objects/codeobject.c
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 #include "pycore_pystate.h"       // _PyInterpreterState_GET()
 #include "pycore_setobject.h"     // _PySet_NextEntry()
 #include "pycore_tuple.h"         // _PyTuple_ITEMS()
+#include "pycore_uniqueid.h"      // _PyObject_AssignUniqueId()
 #include "clinic/codeobject.c.h"
 
 static const char *
@@ -107,14 +108,8 @@ should_intern_string(PyObject *o)
 {
 #ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
     // The free-threaded build interns (and immortalizes) all string constants
-    // unless we've disabled immortalizing objects that use deferred reference
-    // counting.
-    PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
-    if (_Py_atomic_load_int(&interp->gc.immortalize) < 0) {
-        return 1;
-    }
-#endif
-
+    return 1;
+#else
     // compute if s matches [a-zA-Z0-9_]
     const unsigned char *s, *e;
 
@@ -128,6 +123,7 @@ should_intern_string(PyObject *o)
             return 0;
     }
     return 1;
+#endif
 }
 
 #ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
@@ -137,6 +133,7 @@ static PyObject *intern_one_constant(PyObject *op);
 static int
 intern_strings(PyObject *tuple)
 {
+    PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
     Py_ssize_t i;
 
     for (i = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(tuple); --i >= 0; ) {
@@ -146,7 +143,7 @@ intern_strings(PyObject *tuple)
                             "non-string found in code slot");
             return -1;
         }
-        PyUnicode_InternInPlace(&_PyTuple_ITEMS(tuple)[i]);
+        _PyUnicode_InternImmortal(interp, &_PyTuple_ITEMS(tuple)[i]);
     }
     return 0;
 }
@@ -157,12 +154,13 @@ intern_strings(PyObject *tuple)
 static int
 intern_constants(PyObject *tuple, int *modified)
 {
+    PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
     for (Py_ssize_t i = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(tuple); --i >= 0; ) {
         PyObject *v = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(tuple, i);
         if (PyUnicode_CheckExact(v)) {
             if (should_intern_string(v)) {
                 PyObject *w = v;
-                PyUnicode_InternInPlace(&v);
+                _PyUnicode_InternMortal(interp, &v);
                 if (w != v) {
                     PyTuple_SET_ITEM(tuple, i, v);
                     if (modified) {
@@ -234,13 +232,10 @@ intern_constants(PyObject *tuple, int *modified)
             Py_DECREF(tmp);
         }
 
-        // Intern non-string consants in the free-threaded build, but only if
-        // we are also immortalizing objects that use deferred reference
-        // counting.
-        PyThreadState *tstate = PyThreadState_GET();
+        // Intern non-string constants in the free-threaded build
+        _PyThreadStateImpl *tstate = (_PyThreadStateImpl *)_PyThreadState_GET();
         if (!_Py_IsImmortal(v) && !PyCode_Check(v) &&
-            !PyUnicode_CheckExact(v) &&
-            _Py_atomic_load_int(&tstate->interp->gc.immortalize) >= 0)
+            !PyUnicode_CheckExact(v) && !tstate->suppress_co_const_immortalization)
         {
             PyObject *interned = intern_one_constant(v);
             if (interned == NULL) {
@@ -458,12 +453,13 @@ init_code(PyCodeObject *co, struct _PyCodeConstructor *con)
         con->stacksize = 1;
     }
 
+    PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
     co->co_filename = Py_NewRef(con->filename);
     co->co_name = Py_NewRef(con->name);
     co->co_qualname = Py_NewRef(con->qualname);
-    PyUnicode_InternInPlace(&co->co_filename);
-    PyUnicode_InternInPlace(&co->co_name);
-    PyUnicode_InternInPlace(&co->co_qualname);
+    _PyUnicode_InternMortal(interp, &co->co_filename);
+    _PyUnicode_InternMortal(interp, &co->co_name);
+    _PyUnicode_InternMortal(interp, &co->co_qualname);
     co->co_flags = con->flags;
 
     co->co_firstlineno = con->firstlineno;
@@ -489,7 +485,6 @@ init_code(PyCodeObject *co, struct _PyCodeConstructor *con)
     co->co_framesize = nlocalsplus + con->stacksize + FRAME_SPECIALS_SIZE;
     co->co_ncellvars = ncellvars;
     co->co_nfreevars = nfreevars;
-    PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
 #ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
     PyMutex_Lock(&interp->func_state.mutex);
 #endif
@@ -571,7 +566,7 @@ get_line_delta(const uint8_t *ptr)
 static PyObject *
 remove_column_info(PyObject *locations)
 {
-    int offset = 0;
+    Py_ssize_t offset = 0;
     const uint8_t *data = (const uint8_t *)PyBytes_AS_STRING(locations);
     PyObject *res = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(NULL, 32);
     if (res == NULL) {
@@ -674,7 +669,7 @@ _PyCode_New(struct _PyCodeConstructor *con)
     }
     init_code(co, con);
 #ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
-    _PyObject_SetDeferredRefcount((PyObject *)co);
+    co->_co_unique_id = _PyObject_AssignUniqueId((PyObject *)co);
     _PyObject_GC_TRACK(co);
 #endif
     Py_XDECREF(replacement_locations);
@@ -1276,8 +1271,9 @@ typedef struct {
 
 
 static void
-lineiter_dealloc(lineiterator *li)
+lineiter_dealloc(PyObject *self)
 {
+    lineiterator *li = (lineiterator*)self;
     Py_DECREF(li->li_code);
     Py_TYPE(li)->tp_free(li);
 }
@@ -1291,8 +1287,9 @@ _source_offset_converter(int *value) {
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-lineiter_next(lineiterator *li)
+lineiter_next(PyObject *self)
 {
+    lineiterator *li = (lineiterator*)self;
     PyCodeAddressRange *bounds = &li->li_line;
     if (!_PyLineTable_NextAddressRange(bounds)) {
         return NULL;
@@ -1316,7 +1313,7 @@ PyTypeObject _PyLineIterator = {
     sizeof(lineiterator),               /* tp_basicsize */
     0,                                  /* tp_itemsize */
     /* methods */
-    (destructor)lineiter_dealloc,       /* tp_dealloc */
+    lineiter_dealloc,                   /* tp_dealloc */
     0,                                  /* tp_vectorcall_offset */
     0,                                  /* tp_getattr */
     0,                                  /* tp_setattr */
@@ -1338,7 +1335,7 @@ PyTypeObject _PyLineIterator = {
     0,                                  /* tp_richcompare */
     0,                                  /* tp_weaklistoffset */
     PyObject_SelfIter,                  /* tp_iter */
-    (iternextfunc)lineiter_next,        /* tp_iternext */
+    lineiter_next,                      /* tp_iternext */
     0,                                  /* tp_methods */
     0,                                  /* tp_members */
     0,                                  /* tp_getset */
@@ -1350,7 +1347,7 @@ PyTypeObject _PyLineIterator = {
     0,                                  /* tp_init */
     0,                                  /* tp_alloc */
     0,                                  /* tp_new */
-    PyObject_Del,                       /* tp_free */
+    PyObject_Free,                      /* tp_free */
 };
 
 static lineiterator *
@@ -1377,15 +1374,17 @@ typedef struct {
 } positionsiterator;
 
 static void
-positionsiter_dealloc(positionsiterator* pi)
+positionsiter_dealloc(PyObject *self)
 {
+    positionsiterator *pi = (positionsiterator*)self;
     Py_DECREF(pi->pi_code);
     Py_TYPE(pi)->tp_free(pi);
 }
 
 static PyObject*
-positionsiter_next(positionsiterator* pi)
+positionsiter_next(PyObject *self)
 {
+    positionsiterator *pi = (positionsiterator*)self;
     if (pi->pi_offset >= pi->pi_range.ar_end) {
         assert(pi->pi_offset == pi->pi_range.ar_end);
         if (at_end(&pi->pi_range)) {
@@ -1407,7 +1406,7 @@ PyTypeObject _PyPositionsIterator = {
     sizeof(positionsiterator),          /* tp_basicsize */
     0,                                  /* tp_itemsize */
     /* methods */
-    (destructor)positionsiter_dealloc,  /* tp_dealloc */
+    positionsiter_dealloc,              /* tp_dealloc */
     0,                                  /* tp_vectorcall_offset */
     0,                                  /* tp_getattr */
     0,                                  /* tp_setattr */
@@ -1429,7 +1428,7 @@ PyTypeObject _PyPositionsIterator = {
     0,                                  /* tp_richcompare */
     0,                                  /* tp_weaklistoffset */
     PyObject_SelfIter,                  /* tp_iter */
-    (iternextfunc)positionsiter_next,   /* tp_iternext */
+    positionsiter_next,                 /* tp_iternext */
     0,                                  /* tp_methods */
     0,                                  /* tp_members */
     0,                                  /* tp_getset */
@@ -1441,12 +1440,13 @@ PyTypeObject _PyPositionsIterator = {
     0,                                  /* tp_init */
     0,                                  /* tp_alloc */
     0,                                  /* tp_new */
-    PyObject_Del,                       /* tp_free */
+    PyObject_Free,                      /* tp_free */
 };
 
 static PyObject*
-code_positionsiterator(PyCodeObject* code, PyObject* Py_UNUSED(args))
+code_positionsiterator(PyObject *self, PyObject* Py_UNUSED(args))
 {
+    PyCodeObject *code = (PyCodeObject*)self;
     positionsiterator* pi = (positionsiterator*)PyType_GenericAlloc(&_PyPositionsIterator, 0);
     if (pi == NULL) {
         return NULL;
@@ -1628,15 +1628,10 @@ deopt_code(PyCodeObject *code, _Py_CODEUNIT *instructions)
 {
     Py_ssize_t len = Py_SIZE(code);
     for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
-        int opcode = _Py_GetBaseOpcode(code, i);
-        if (opcode == ENTER_EXECUTOR) {
-            _PyExecutorObject *exec = code->co_executors->executors[instructions[i].op.arg];
-            opcode = _PyOpcode_Deopt[exec->vm_data.opcode];
-            instructions[i].op.arg = exec->vm_data.oparg;
-        }
-        assert(opcode != ENTER_EXECUTOR);
-        int caches = _PyOpcode_Caches[opcode];
-        instructions[i].op.code = opcode;
+        _Py_CODEUNIT inst = _Py_GetBaseCodeUnit(code, i);
+        assert(inst.op.code < MIN_SPECIALIZED_OPCODE);
+        int caches = _PyOpcode_Caches[inst.op.code];
+        instructions[i] = inst;
         for (int j = 1; j <= caches; j++) {
             instructions[i+j].cache = 0;
         }
@@ -1862,6 +1857,9 @@ code_dealloc(PyCodeObject *co)
     Py_XDECREF(co->co_qualname);
     Py_XDECREF(co->co_linetable);
     Py_XDECREF(co->co_exceptiontable);
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    assert(co->_co_unique_id == -1);
+#endif
     if (co->_co_cached != NULL) {
         Py_XDECREF(co->_co_cached->_co_code);
         Py_XDECREF(co->_co_cached->_co_cellvars);
@@ -1878,16 +1876,18 @@ code_dealloc(PyCodeObject *co)
 
 #ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
 static int
-code_traverse(PyCodeObject *co, visitproc visit, void *arg)
+code_traverse(PyObject *self, visitproc visit, void *arg)
 {
+    PyCodeObject *co = (PyCodeObject*)self;
     Py_VISIT(co->co_consts);
     return 0;
 }
 #endif
 
 static PyObject *
-code_repr(PyCodeObject *co)
+code_repr(PyObject *self)
 {
+    PyCodeObject *co = (PyCodeObject*)self;
     int lineno;
     if (co->co_firstlineno != 0)
         lineno = co->co_firstlineno;
@@ -1938,33 +1938,12 @@ code_richcompare(PyObject *self, PyObject *other, int op)
         goto unequal;
     }
     for (int i = 0; i < Py_SIZE(co); i++) {
-        _Py_CODEUNIT co_instr = _PyCode_CODE(co)[i];
-        _Py_CODEUNIT cp_instr = _PyCode_CODE(cp)[i];
-        uint8_t co_code = _Py_GetBaseOpcode(co, i);
-        uint8_t co_arg = co_instr.op.arg;
-        uint8_t cp_code = _Py_GetBaseOpcode(cp, i);
-        uint8_t cp_arg = cp_instr.op.arg;
-
-        if (co_code == ENTER_EXECUTOR) {
-            const int exec_index = co_arg;
-            _PyExecutorObject *exec = co->co_executors->executors[exec_index];
-            co_code = _PyOpcode_Deopt[exec->vm_data.opcode];
-            co_arg = exec->vm_data.oparg;
-        }
-        assert(co_code != ENTER_EXECUTOR);
-
-        if (cp_code == ENTER_EXECUTOR) {
-            const int exec_index = cp_arg;
-            _PyExecutorObject *exec = cp->co_executors->executors[exec_index];
-            cp_code = _PyOpcode_Deopt[exec->vm_data.opcode];
-            cp_arg = exec->vm_data.oparg;
-        }
-        assert(cp_code != ENTER_EXECUTOR);
-
-        if (co_code != cp_code || co_arg != cp_arg) {
+        _Py_CODEUNIT co_instr = _Py_GetBaseCodeUnit(co, i);
+        _Py_CODEUNIT cp_instr = _Py_GetBaseCodeUnit(cp, i);
+        if (co_instr.cache != cp_instr.cache) {
             goto unequal;
         }
-        i += _PyOpcode_Caches[co_code];
+        i += _PyOpcode_Caches[co_instr.op.code];
     }
 
     /* compare constants */
@@ -2015,8 +1994,9 @@ code_richcompare(PyObject *self, PyObject *other, int op)
 }
 
 static Py_hash_t
-code_hash(PyCodeObject *co)
+code_hash(PyObject *self)
 {
+    PyCodeObject *co = (PyCodeObject*)self;
     Py_uhash_t uhash = 20221211;
     #define SCRAMBLE_IN(H) do {       \
         uhash ^= (Py_uhash_t)(H);     \
@@ -2043,22 +2023,10 @@ code_hash(PyCodeObject *co)
     SCRAMBLE_IN(co->co_firstlineno);
     SCRAMBLE_IN(Py_SIZE(co));
     for (int i = 0; i < Py_SIZE(co); i++) {
-        _Py_CODEUNIT co_instr = _PyCode_CODE(co)[i];
-        uint8_t co_code = co_instr.op.code;
-        uint8_t co_arg = co_instr.op.arg;
-        if (co_code == ENTER_EXECUTOR) {
-            _PyExecutorObject *exec = co->co_executors->executors[co_arg];
-            assert(exec != NULL);
-            assert(exec->vm_data.opcode != ENTER_EXECUTOR);
-            co_code = _PyOpcode_Deopt[exec->vm_data.opcode];
-            co_arg = exec->vm_data.oparg;
-        }
-        else {
-            co_code = _Py_GetBaseOpcode(co, i);
-        }
-        SCRAMBLE_IN(co_code);
-        SCRAMBLE_IN(co_arg);
-        i += _PyOpcode_Caches[co_code];
+        _Py_CODEUNIT co_instr = _Py_GetBaseCodeUnit(co, i);
+        SCRAMBLE_IN(co_instr.op.code);
+        SCRAMBLE_IN(co_instr.op.arg);
+        i += _PyOpcode_Caches[co_instr.op.code];
     }
     if ((Py_hash_t)uhash == -1) {
         return -2;
@@ -2089,8 +2057,9 @@ static PyMemberDef code_memberlist[] = {
 
 
 static PyObject *
-code_getlnotab(PyCodeObject *code, void *closure)
+code_getlnotab(PyObject *self, void *closure)
 {
+    PyCodeObject *code = (PyCodeObject*)self;
     if (PyErr_WarnEx(PyExc_DeprecationWarning,
                      "co_lnotab is deprecated, use co_lines instead.",
                      1) < 0) {
@@ -2100,51 +2069,57 @@ code_getlnotab(PyCodeObject *code, void *closure)
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-code_getvarnames(PyCodeObject *code, void *closure)
+code_getvarnames(PyObject *self, void *closure)
 {
+    PyCodeObject *code = (PyCodeObject*)self;
     return _PyCode_GetVarnames(code);
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-code_getcellvars(PyCodeObject *code, void *closure)
+code_getcellvars(PyObject *self, void *closure)
 {
+    PyCodeObject *code = (PyCodeObject*)self;
     return _PyCode_GetCellvars(code);
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-code_getfreevars(PyCodeObject *code, void *closure)
+code_getfreevars(PyObject *self, void *closure)
 {
+    PyCodeObject *code = (PyCodeObject*)self;
     return _PyCode_GetFreevars(code);
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-code_getcodeadaptive(PyCodeObject *code, void *closure)
+code_getcodeadaptive(PyObject *self, void *closure)
 {
+    PyCodeObject *code = (PyCodeObject*)self;
     return PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(code->co_code_adaptive,
                                      _PyCode_NBYTES(code));
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-code_getcode(PyCodeObject *code, void *closure)
+code_getcode(PyObject *self, void *closure)
 {
+    PyCodeObject *code = (PyCodeObject*)self;
     return _PyCode_GetCode(code);
 }
 
 static PyGetSetDef code_getsetlist[] = {
-    {"co_lnotab",         (getter)code_getlnotab,       NULL, NULL},
-    {"_co_code_adaptive", (getter)code_getcodeadaptive, NULL, NULL},
+    {"co_lnotab",         code_getlnotab,       NULL, NULL},
+    {"_co_code_adaptive", code_getcodeadaptive, NULL, NULL},
     // The following old names are kept for backward compatibility.
-    {"co_varnames",       (getter)code_getvarnames,     NULL, NULL},
-    {"co_cellvars",       (getter)code_getcellvars,     NULL, NULL},
-    {"co_freevars",       (getter)code_getfreevars,     NULL, NULL},
-    {"co_code",           (getter)code_getcode,         NULL, NULL},
+    {"co_varnames",       code_getvarnames,     NULL, NULL},
+    {"co_cellvars",       code_getcellvars,     NULL, NULL},
+    {"co_freevars",       code_getfreevars,     NULL, NULL},
+    {"co_code",           code_getcode,         NULL, NULL},
     {0}
 };
 
 
 static PyObject *
-code_sizeof(PyCodeObject *co, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(args))
+code_sizeof(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(args))
 {
+    PyCodeObject *co = (PyCodeObject*)self;
     size_t res = _PyObject_VAR_SIZE(Py_TYPE(co), Py_SIZE(co));
     _PyCodeObjectExtra *co_extra = (_PyCodeObjectExtra*) co->co_extra;
     if (co_extra != NULL) {
@@ -2155,8 +2130,9 @@ code_sizeof(PyCodeObject *co, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(args))
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-code_linesiterator(PyCodeObject *code, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(args))
+code_linesiterator(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(args))
 {
+    PyCodeObject *code = (PyCodeObject*)self;
     return (PyObject *)new_linesiterator(code);
 }
 
@@ -2298,9 +2274,9 @@ code__varname_from_oparg_impl(PyCodeObject *self, int oparg)
 /* XXX code objects need to participate in GC? */
 
 static struct PyMethodDef code_methods[] = {
-    {"__sizeof__", (PyCFunction)code_sizeof, METH_NOARGS},
-    {"co_lines", (PyCFunction)code_linesiterator, METH_NOARGS},
-    {"co_positions", (PyCFunction)code_positionsiterator, METH_NOARGS},
+    {"__sizeof__", code_sizeof, METH_NOARGS},
+    {"co_lines", code_linesiterator, METH_NOARGS},
+    {"co_positions", code_positionsiterator, METH_NOARGS},
     CODE_REPLACE_METHODDEF
     CODE__VARNAME_FROM_OPARG_METHODDEF
     {"__replace__", _PyCFunction_CAST(code_replace), METH_FASTCALL|METH_KEYWORDS,
@@ -2319,11 +2295,11 @@ PyTypeObject PyCode_Type = {
     0,                                  /* tp_getattr */
     0,                                  /* tp_setattr */
     0,                                  /* tp_as_async */
-    (reprfunc)code_repr,                /* tp_repr */
+    code_repr,                          /* tp_repr */
     0,                                  /* tp_as_number */
     0,                                  /* tp_as_sequence */
     0,                                  /* tp_as_mapping */
-    (hashfunc)code_hash,                /* tp_hash */
+    code_hash,                          /* tp_hash */
     0,                                  /* tp_call */
     0,                                  /* tp_str */
     PyObject_GenericGetAttr,            /* tp_getattro */
@@ -2336,7 +2312,7 @@ PyTypeObject PyCode_Type = {
 #endif
     code_new__doc__,                    /* tp_doc */
 #ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
-    (traverseproc)code_traverse,        /* tp_traverse */
+    code_traverse,                      /* tp_traverse */
 #else
     0,                                  /* tp_traverse */
 #endif
@@ -2372,6 +2348,7 @@ _PyCode_ConstantKey(PyObject *op)
     if (op == Py_None || op == Py_Ellipsis
        || PyLong_CheckExact(op)
        || PyUnicode_CheckExact(op)
+       || PySlice_Check(op)
           /* code_richcompare() uses _PyCode_ConstantKey() internally */
        || PyCode_Check(op))
     {
@@ -2597,12 +2574,12 @@ hash_const(const void *key)
     if (PySlice_Check(op)) {
         PySliceObject *s = (PySliceObject *)op;
         PyObject *data[3] = { s->start, s->stop, s->step };
-        return _Py_HashBytes(&data, sizeof(data));
+        return Py_HashBuffer(&data, sizeof(data));
     }
     else if (PyTuple_CheckExact(op)) {
         Py_ssize_t size = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(op);
         PyObject **data = _PyTuple_ITEMS(op);
-        return _Py_HashBytes(data, sizeof(PyObject *) * size);
+        return Py_HashBuffer(data, sizeof(PyObject *) * size);
     }
     Py_hash_t h = PyObject_Hash(op);
     if (h == -1) {
diff --git a/Objects/complexobject.c b/Objects/complexobject.c
index a8be266970afd0..787235c63a6be1 100644
--- a/Objects/complexobject.c
+++ b/Objects/complexobject.c
@@ -88,8 +88,7 @@ _Py_c_quot(Py_complex a, Py_complex b)
      * numerators and denominator by whichever of {b.real, b.imag} has
      * larger magnitude.  The earliest reference I found was to CACM
      * Algorithm 116 (Complex Division, Robert L. Smith, Stanford
-     * University).  As usual, though, we're still ignoring all IEEE
-     * endcases.
+     * University).
      */
      Py_complex r;      /* the result */
      const double abs_breal = b.real < 0 ? -b.real : b.real;
@@ -120,6 +119,28 @@ _Py_c_quot(Py_complex a, Py_complex b)
         /* At least one of b.real or b.imag is a NaN */
         r.real = r.imag = Py_NAN;
     }
+
+    /* Recover infinities and zeros that computed as nan+nanj.  See e.g.
+       the C11, Annex G.5.2, routine _Cdivd(). */
+    if (isnan(r.real) && isnan(r.imag)) {
+        if ((isinf(a.real) || isinf(a.imag))
+            && isfinite(b.real) && isfinite(b.imag))
+        {
+            const double x = copysign(isinf(a.real) ? 1.0 : 0.0, a.real);
+            const double y = copysign(isinf(a.imag) ? 1.0 : 0.0, a.imag);
+            r.real = Py_INFINITY * (x*b.real + y*b.imag);
+            r.imag = Py_INFINITY * (y*b.real - x*b.imag);
+        }
+        else if ((isinf(abs_breal) || isinf(abs_bimag))
+                 && isfinite(a.real) && isfinite(a.imag))
+        {
+            const double x = copysign(isinf(b.real) ? 1.0 : 0.0, b.real);
+            const double y = copysign(isinf(b.imag) ? 1.0 : 0.0, b.imag);
+            r.real = 0.0 * (a.real*x + a.imag*y);
+            r.imag = 0.0 * (a.imag*x - a.real*y);
+        }
+    }
+
     return r;
 }
 #ifdef _M_ARM64
@@ -152,6 +173,8 @@ _Py_c_pow(Py_complex a, Py_complex b)
         }
         r.real = len*cos(phase);
         r.imag = len*sin(phase);
+
+        _Py_ADJUST_ERANGE2(r.real, r.imag);
     }
     return r;
 }
@@ -546,12 +569,12 @@ complex_pow(PyObject *v, PyObject *w, PyObject *z)
     // a faster and more accurate algorithm.
     if (b.imag == 0.0 && b.real == floor(b.real) && fabs(b.real) <= 100.0) {
         p = c_powi(a, (long)b.real);
+        _Py_ADJUST_ERANGE2(p.real, p.imag);
     }
     else {
         p = _Py_c_pow(a, b);
     }
 
-    _Py_ADJUST_ERANGE2(p.real, p.imag);
     if (errno == EDOM) {
         PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ZeroDivisionError,
                         "zero to a negative or complex power");
@@ -736,22 +759,6 @@ complex___complex___impl(PyComplexObject *self)
 }
 
 
-static PyMethodDef complex_methods[] = {
-    COMPLEX_CONJUGATE_METHODDEF
-    COMPLEX___COMPLEX___METHODDEF
-    COMPLEX___GETNEWARGS___METHODDEF
-    COMPLEX___FORMAT___METHODDEF
-    {NULL,              NULL}           /* sentinel */
-};
-
-static PyMemberDef complex_members[] = {
-    {"real", Py_T_DOUBLE, offsetof(PyComplexObject, cval.real), Py_READONLY,
-     "the real part of a complex number"},
-    {"imag", Py_T_DOUBLE, offsetof(PyComplexObject, cval.imag), Py_READONLY,
-     "the imaginary part of a complex number"},
-    {0},
-};
-
 static PyObject *
 complex_from_string_inner(const char *s, Py_ssize_t len, void *type)
 {
@@ -912,7 +919,7 @@ complex_subtype_from_string(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *v)
  * handles the case of no arguments and one positional argument, and calls
  * complex_new(), implemented with Argument Clinic, to handle the remaining
  * cases: 'real' and 'imag' arguments.  This separation is well suited
- * for different constructor roles: convering a string or number to a complex
+ * for different constructor roles: converting a string or number to a complex
  * number and constructing a complex number from real and imaginary parts.
  */
 static PyObject *
@@ -1121,6 +1128,52 @@ complex_new_impl(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *r, PyObject *i)
     return complex_subtype_from_doubles(type, cr.real, ci.real);
 }
 
+/*[clinic input]
+@classmethod
+complex.from_number
+
+    number: object
+    /
+
+Convert number to a complex floating-point number.
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+
+static PyObject *
+complex_from_number(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *number)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=658a7a5fb0de074d input=3f8bdd3a2bc3facd]*/
+{
+    if (PyComplex_CheckExact(number) && type == &PyComplex_Type) {
+        Py_INCREF(number);
+        return number;
+    }
+    Py_complex cv = PyComplex_AsCComplex(number);
+    if (cv.real == -1.0 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    PyObject *result = PyComplex_FromCComplex(cv);
+    if (type != &PyComplex_Type && result != NULL) {
+        Py_SETREF(result, PyObject_CallOneArg((PyObject *)type, result));
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+static PyMethodDef complex_methods[] = {
+    COMPLEX_FROM_NUMBER_METHODDEF
+    COMPLEX_CONJUGATE_METHODDEF
+    COMPLEX___COMPLEX___METHODDEF
+    COMPLEX___GETNEWARGS___METHODDEF
+    COMPLEX___FORMAT___METHODDEF
+    {NULL,              NULL}           /* sentinel */
+};
+
+static PyMemberDef complex_members[] = {
+    {"real", Py_T_DOUBLE, offsetof(PyComplexObject, cval.real), Py_READONLY,
+     "the real part of a complex number"},
+    {"imag", Py_T_DOUBLE, offsetof(PyComplexObject, cval.imag), Py_READONLY,
+     "the imaginary part of a complex number"},
+    {0},
+};
+
 static PyNumberMethods complex_as_number = {
     (binaryfunc)complex_add,                    /* nb_add */
     (binaryfunc)complex_sub,                    /* nb_subtract */
@@ -1196,5 +1249,5 @@ PyTypeObject PyComplex_Type = {
     0,                                          /* tp_init */
     PyType_GenericAlloc,                        /* tp_alloc */
     actual_complex_new,                         /* tp_new */
-    PyObject_Del,                               /* tp_free */
+    PyObject_Free,                              /* tp_free */
 };
diff --git a/Objects/descrobject.c b/Objects/descrobject.c
index 1b7e2fde3ceccd..4eccd1704eb95a 100644
--- a/Objects/descrobject.c
+++ b/Objects/descrobject.c
@@ -1859,22 +1859,9 @@ property_init_impl(propertyobject *self, PyObject *fget, PyObject *fset,
     /* if no docstring given and the getter has one, use that one */
     else if (fget != NULL) {
         int rc = PyObject_GetOptionalAttr(fget, &_Py_ID(__doc__), &prop_doc);
-        if (rc <= 0) {
+        if (rc < 0) {
             return rc;
         }
-        if (!Py_IS_TYPE(self, &PyProperty_Type) &&
-            prop_doc != NULL && prop_doc != Py_None) {
-            // This oddity preserves the long existing behavior of surfacing
-            // an AttributeError when using a dict-less (__slots__) property
-            // subclass as a decorator on a getter method with a docstring.
-            // See PropertySubclassTest.test_slots_docstring_copy_exception.
-            int err = PyObject_SetAttr(
-                        (PyObject *)self, &_Py_ID(__doc__), prop_doc);
-            if (err < 0) {
-                Py_DECREF(prop_doc);  // release our new reference.
-                return -1;
-            }
-        }
         if (prop_doc == Py_None) {
             prop_doc = NULL;
             Py_DECREF(Py_None);
@@ -1902,7 +1889,9 @@ property_init_impl(propertyobject *self, PyObject *fget, PyObject *fset,
         Py_DECREF(prop_doc);
         if (err < 0) {
             assert(PyErr_Occurred());
-            if (PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_AttributeError)) {
+            if (!self->getter_doc &&
+                PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_AttributeError))
+            {
                 PyErr_Clear();
                 // https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/98963#issuecomment-1574413319
                 // Python silently dropped this doc assignment through 3.11.
diff --git a/Objects/dictobject.c b/Objects/dictobject.c
index 15fca4d5c5d0f7..ff76e145260811 100644
--- a/Objects/dictobject.c
+++ b/Objects/dictobject.c
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ As of Python 3.6, this is compact and ordered. Basic idea is described here:
 
 dk_indices is actual hashtable.  It holds index in entries, or DKIX_EMPTY(-1)
 or DKIX_DUMMY(-2).
-Size of indices is dk_size.  Type of each index in indices is vary on dk_size:
+Size of indices is dk_size.  Type of each index in indices varies with dk_size:
 
 * int8  for          dk_size <= 128
 * int16 for 256   <= dk_size <= 2**15
@@ -158,6 +158,10 @@ ASSERT_DICT_LOCKED(PyObject *op)
     if (!_PyInterpreterState_GET()->stoptheworld.world_stopped) {       \
         ASSERT_DICT_LOCKED(op);                                         \
     }
+#define ASSERT_WORLD_STOPPED_OR_OBJ_LOCKED(op)                         \
+    if (!_PyInterpreterState_GET()->stoptheworld.world_stopped) {      \
+        _Py_CRITICAL_SECTION_ASSERT_OBJECT_LOCKED(op);                 \
+    }
 
 #define IS_DICT_SHARED(mp) _PyObject_GC_IS_SHARED(mp)
 #define SET_DICT_SHARED(mp) _PyObject_GC_SET_SHARED(mp)
@@ -165,16 +169,15 @@ ASSERT_DICT_LOCKED(PyObject *op)
 #define STORE_INDEX(keys, size, idx, value) _Py_atomic_store_int##size##_relaxed(&((int##size##_t*)keys->dk_indices)[idx], (int##size##_t)value);
 #define ASSERT_OWNED_OR_SHARED(mp) \
     assert(_Py_IsOwnedByCurrentThread((PyObject *)mp) || IS_DICT_SHARED(mp));
-#define LOAD_KEYS_NENTRIES(d)
 
 #define LOCK_KEYS_IF_SPLIT(keys, kind) \
         if (kind == DICT_KEYS_SPLIT) { \
-            LOCK_KEYS(dk);             \
+            LOCK_KEYS(keys);           \
         }
 
 #define UNLOCK_KEYS_IF_SPLIT(keys, kind) \
         if (kind == DICT_KEYS_SPLIT) {   \
-            UNLOCK_KEYS(dk);             \
+            UNLOCK_KEYS(keys);           \
         }
 
 static inline Py_ssize_t
@@ -208,7 +211,7 @@ set_values(PyDictObject *mp, PyDictValues *values)
 #define INCREF_KEYS(dk)  _Py_atomic_add_ssize(&dk->dk_refcnt, 1)
 // Dec refs the keys object, giving the previous value
 #define DECREF_KEYS(dk)  _Py_atomic_add_ssize(&dk->dk_refcnt, -1)
-#define LOAD_KEYS_NENTIRES(keys) _Py_atomic_load_ssize_relaxed(&keys->dk_nentries)
+#define LOAD_KEYS_NENTRIES(keys) _Py_atomic_load_ssize_relaxed(&keys->dk_nentries)
 
 #define INCREF_KEYS_FT(dk) dictkeys_incref(dk)
 #define DECREF_KEYS_FT(dk, shared) dictkeys_decref(_PyInterpreterState_GET(), dk, shared)
@@ -227,6 +230,7 @@ static inline void split_keys_entry_added(PyDictKeysObject *keys)
 
 #define ASSERT_DICT_LOCKED(op)
 #define ASSERT_WORLD_STOPPED_OR_DICT_LOCKED(op)
+#define ASSERT_WORLD_STOPPED_OR_OBJ_LOCKED(op)
 #define LOCK_KEYS(keys)
 #define UNLOCK_KEYS(keys)
 #define ASSERT_KEYS_LOCKED(keys)
@@ -234,7 +238,7 @@ static inline void split_keys_entry_added(PyDictKeysObject *keys)
 #define STORE_SHARED_KEY(key, value) key = value
 #define INCREF_KEYS(dk)  dk->dk_refcnt++
 #define DECREF_KEYS(dk)  dk->dk_refcnt--
-#define LOAD_KEYS_NENTIRES(keys) keys->dk_nentries
+#define LOAD_KEYS_NENTRIES(keys) keys->dk_nentries
 #define INCREF_KEYS_FT(dk)
 #define DECREF_KEYS_FT(dk, shared)
 #define LOCK_KEYS_IF_SPLIT(keys, kind)
@@ -391,67 +395,29 @@ static int _PyObject_InlineValuesConsistencyCheck(PyObject *obj);
 #include "clinic/dictobject.c.h"
 
 
-#ifdef WITH_FREELISTS
-static struct _Py_dict_freelist *
-get_dict_freelist(void)
-{
-    struct _Py_object_freelists *freelists = _Py_object_freelists_GET();
-    return &freelists->dicts;
-}
-
-static struct _Py_dictkeys_freelist *
-get_dictkeys_freelist(void)
-{
-    struct _Py_object_freelists *freelists = _Py_object_freelists_GET();
-    return &freelists->dictkeys;
-}
-#endif
-
-
-void
-_PyDict_ClearFreeList(struct _Py_object_freelists *freelists, int is_finalization)
-{
-#ifdef WITH_FREELISTS
-    struct _Py_dict_freelist *freelist = &freelists->dicts;
-    while (freelist->numfree > 0) {
-        PyDictObject *op = freelist->items[--freelist->numfree];
-        assert(PyDict_CheckExact(op));
-        PyObject_GC_Del(op);
-    }
-    struct _Py_dictkeys_freelist *keys_freelist = &freelists->dictkeys;
-    while (keys_freelist->numfree > 0) {
-        PyMem_Free(keys_freelist->items[--keys_freelist->numfree]);
-    }
-    if (is_finalization) {
-        freelist->numfree = -1;
-        keys_freelist->numfree = -1;
-    }
-#endif
-}
-
 static inline Py_hash_t
 unicode_get_hash(PyObject *o)
 {
     assert(PyUnicode_CheckExact(o));
-    return _PyASCIIObject_CAST(o)->hash;
+    return FT_ATOMIC_LOAD_SSIZE_RELAXED(_PyASCIIObject_CAST(o)->hash);
 }
 
 /* Print summary info about the state of the optimized allocator */
 void
 _PyDict_DebugMallocStats(FILE *out)
 {
-#ifdef WITH_FREELISTS
-    struct _Py_dict_freelist *dict_freelist = get_dict_freelist();
     _PyDebugAllocatorStats(out, "free PyDictObject",
-                           dict_freelist->numfree, sizeof(PyDictObject));
-    struct _Py_dictkeys_freelist *dictkeys_freelist = get_dictkeys_freelist();
+                           _Py_FREELIST_SIZE(dicts),
+                           sizeof(PyDictObject));
     _PyDebugAllocatorStats(out, "free PyDictKeysObject",
-                           dictkeys_freelist->numfree, sizeof(PyDictKeysObject));
-#endif
+                           _Py_FREELIST_SIZE(dictkeys),
+                           sizeof(PyDictKeysObject));
 }
 
 #define DK_MASK(dk) (DK_SIZE(dk)-1)
 
+#define _Py_DICT_IMMORTAL_INITIAL_REFCNT PY_SSIZE_T_MIN
+
 static void free_keys_object(PyDictKeysObject *keys, bool use_qsbr);
 
 /* PyDictKeysObject has refcounts like PyObject does, so we have the
@@ -464,7 +430,8 @@ static void free_keys_object(PyDictKeysObject *keys, bool use_qsbr);
 static inline void
 dictkeys_incref(PyDictKeysObject *dk)
 {
-    if (FT_ATOMIC_LOAD_SSIZE_RELAXED(dk->dk_refcnt) == _Py_IMMORTAL_REFCNT) {
+    if (FT_ATOMIC_LOAD_SSIZE_RELAXED(dk->dk_refcnt) < 0) {
+        assert(FT_ATOMIC_LOAD_SSIZE_RELAXED(dk->dk_refcnt) == _Py_DICT_IMMORTAL_INITIAL_REFCNT);
         return;
     }
 #ifdef Py_REF_DEBUG
@@ -476,7 +443,8 @@ dictkeys_incref(PyDictKeysObject *dk)
 static inline void
 dictkeys_decref(PyInterpreterState *interp, PyDictKeysObject *dk, bool use_qsbr)
 {
-    if (FT_ATOMIC_LOAD_SSIZE_RELAXED(dk->dk_refcnt) == _Py_IMMORTAL_REFCNT) {
+    if (FT_ATOMIC_LOAD_SSIZE_RELAXED(dk->dk_refcnt) < 0) {
+        assert(FT_ATOMIC_LOAD_SSIZE_RELAXED(dk->dk_refcnt) == _Py_DICT_IMMORTAL_INITIAL_REFCNT);
         return;
     }
     assert(FT_ATOMIC_LOAD_SSIZE(dk->dk_refcnt) > 0);
@@ -622,7 +590,7 @@ estimate_log2_keysize(Py_ssize_t n)
  * (which cannot fail and thus can do no allocation).
  */
 static PyDictKeysObject empty_keys_struct = {
-        _Py_IMMORTAL_REFCNT, /* dk_refcnt */
+        _Py_DICT_IMMORTAL_INITIAL_REFCNT, /* dk_refcnt */
         0, /* dk_log2_size */
         0, /* dk_log2_index_bytes */
         DICT_KEYS_UNICODE, /* dk_kind */
@@ -689,10 +657,15 @@ _PyDict_CheckConsistency(PyObject *op, int check_content)
     int splitted = _PyDict_HasSplitTable(mp);
     Py_ssize_t usable = USABLE_FRACTION(DK_SIZE(keys));
 
+    // In the free-threaded build, shared keys may be concurrently modified,
+    // so use atomic loads.
+    Py_ssize_t dk_usable = FT_ATOMIC_LOAD_SSIZE_ACQUIRE(keys->dk_usable);
+    Py_ssize_t dk_nentries = FT_ATOMIC_LOAD_SSIZE_ACQUIRE(keys->dk_nentries);
+
     CHECK(0 <= mp->ma_used && mp->ma_used <= usable);
-    CHECK(0 <= keys->dk_usable && keys->dk_usable <= usable);
-    CHECK(0 <= keys->dk_nentries && keys->dk_nentries <= usable);
-    CHECK(keys->dk_usable + keys->dk_nentries <= usable);
+    CHECK(0 <= dk_usable && dk_usable <= usable);
+    CHECK(0 <= dk_nentries && dk_nentries <= usable);
+    CHECK(dk_usable + dk_nentries <= usable);
 
     if (!splitted) {
         /* combined table */
@@ -709,6 +682,7 @@ _PyDict_CheckConsistency(PyObject *op, int check_content)
     }
 
     if (check_content) {
+        LOCK_KEYS_IF_SPLIT(keys, keys->dk_kind);
         for (Py_ssize_t i=0; i < DK_SIZE(keys); i++) {
             Py_ssize_t ix = dictkeys_get_index(keys, i);
             CHECK(DKIX_DUMMY <= ix && ix <= usable);
@@ -764,6 +738,7 @@ _PyDict_CheckConsistency(PyObject *op, int check_content)
                 CHECK(mp->ma_values->values[index] != NULL);
             }
         }
+        UNLOCK_KEYS_IF_SPLIT(keys, keys->dk_kind);
     }
     return 1;
 
@@ -774,7 +749,6 @@ _PyDict_CheckConsistency(PyObject *op, int check_content)
 static PyDictKeysObject*
 new_keys_object(PyInterpreterState *interp, uint8_t log2_size, bool unicode)
 {
-    PyDictKeysObject *dk;
     Py_ssize_t usable;
     int log2_bytes;
     size_t entry_size = unicode ? sizeof(PyDictUnicodeEntry) : sizeof(PyDictKeyEntry);
@@ -797,15 +771,11 @@ new_keys_object(PyInterpreterState *interp, uint8_t log2_size, bool unicode)
         log2_bytes = log2_size + 2;
     }
 
-#ifdef WITH_FREELISTS
-    struct _Py_dictkeys_freelist *freelist = get_dictkeys_freelist();
-    if (log2_size == PyDict_LOG_MINSIZE && unicode && freelist->numfree > 0) {
-        dk = freelist->items[--freelist->numfree];
-        OBJECT_STAT_INC(from_freelist);
+    PyDictKeysObject *dk = NULL;
+    if (log2_size == PyDict_LOG_MINSIZE && unicode) {
+        dk = _Py_FREELIST_POP_MEM(dictkeys);
     }
-    else
-#endif
-    {
+    if (dk == NULL) {
         dk = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(PyDictKeysObject)
                           + ((size_t)1 << log2_bytes)
                           + entry_size * usable);
@@ -841,18 +811,12 @@ free_keys_object(PyDictKeysObject *keys, bool use_qsbr)
         return;
     }
 #endif
-#ifdef WITH_FREELISTS
-    struct _Py_dictkeys_freelist *freelist = get_dictkeys_freelist();
-    if (DK_LOG_SIZE(keys) == PyDict_LOG_MINSIZE
-            && freelist->numfree < PyDict_MAXFREELIST
-            && freelist->numfree >= 0
-            && DK_IS_UNICODE(keys)) {
-        freelist->items[freelist->numfree++] = keys;
-        OBJECT_STAT_INC(to_freelist);
-        return;
+    if (DK_LOG_SIZE(keys) == PyDict_LOG_MINSIZE && keys->dk_kind == DICT_KEYS_UNICODE) {
+        _Py_FREELIST_FREE(dictkeys, keys, PyMem_Free);
+    }
+    else {
+        PyMem_Free(keys);
     }
-#endif
-    PyMem_Free(keys);
 }
 
 static size_t
@@ -901,20 +865,9 @@ new_dict(PyInterpreterState *interp,
          PyDictKeysObject *keys, PyDictValues *values,
          Py_ssize_t used, int free_values_on_failure)
 {
-    PyDictObject *mp;
     assert(keys != NULL);
-#ifdef WITH_FREELISTS
-    struct _Py_dict_freelist *freelist = get_dict_freelist();
-    if (freelist->numfree > 0) {
-        mp = freelist->items[--freelist->numfree];
-        assert (mp != NULL);
-        assert (Py_IS_TYPE(mp, &PyDict_Type));
-        OBJECT_STAT_INC(from_freelist);
-        _Py_NewReference((PyObject *)mp);
-    }
-    else
-#endif
-    {
+    PyDictObject *mp = _Py_FREELIST_POP(PyDictObject, dicts);
+    if (mp == NULL) {
         mp = PyObject_GC_New(PyDictObject, &PyDict_Type);
         if (mp == NULL) {
             dictkeys_decref(interp, keys, false);
@@ -924,10 +877,11 @@ new_dict(PyInterpreterState *interp,
             return NULL;
         }
     }
+    assert(Py_IS_TYPE(mp, &PyDict_Type));
     mp->ma_keys = keys;
     mp->ma_values = values;
     mp->ma_used = used;
-    mp->ma_version_tag = DICT_NEXT_VERSION(interp);
+    mp->_ma_watcher_tag = 0;
     ASSERT_CONSISTENT(mp);
     return (PyObject *)mp;
 }
@@ -1039,7 +993,7 @@ lookdict_index(PyDictKeysObject *k, Py_hash_t hash, Py_ssize_t index)
 
 static inline Py_ALWAYS_INLINE Py_ssize_t
 do_lookup(PyDictObject *mp, PyDictKeysObject *dk, PyObject *key, Py_hash_t hash,
-          Py_ssize_t (*check_lookup)(PyDictObject *, PyDictKeysObject *, void *, Py_ssize_t ix, PyObject *key, Py_hash_t))
+          int (*check_lookup)(PyDictObject *, PyDictKeysObject *, void *, Py_ssize_t ix, PyObject *key, Py_hash_t))
 {
     void *ep0 = _DK_ENTRIES(dk);
     size_t mask = DK_MASK(dk);
@@ -1049,7 +1003,7 @@ do_lookup(PyDictObject *mp, PyDictKeysObject *dk, PyObject *key, Py_hash_t hash,
     for (;;) {
         ix = dictkeys_get_index(dk, i);
         if (ix >= 0) {
-            Py_ssize_t cmp = check_lookup(mp, dk, ep0, ix, key, hash);
+            int cmp = check_lookup(mp, dk, ep0, ix, key, hash);
             if (cmp < 0) {
                 return cmp;
             } else if (cmp) {
@@ -1065,7 +1019,7 @@ do_lookup(PyDictObject *mp, PyDictKeysObject *dk, PyObject *key, Py_hash_t hash,
         // Manual loop unrolling
         ix = dictkeys_get_index(dk, i);
         if (ix >= 0) {
-            Py_ssize_t cmp = check_lookup(mp, dk, ep0, ix, key, hash);
+            int cmp = check_lookup(mp, dk, ep0, ix, key, hash);
             if (cmp < 0) {
                 return cmp;
             } else if (cmp) {
@@ -1081,7 +1035,7 @@ do_lookup(PyDictObject *mp, PyDictKeysObject *dk, PyObject *key, Py_hash_t hash,
     Py_UNREACHABLE();
 }
 
-static inline Py_ALWAYS_INLINE Py_ssize_t
+static inline int
 compare_unicode_generic(PyDictObject *mp, PyDictKeysObject *dk,
                         void *ep0, Py_ssize_t ix, PyObject *key, Py_hash_t hash)
 {
@@ -1116,7 +1070,7 @@ unicodekeys_lookup_generic(PyDictObject *mp, PyDictKeysObject* dk, PyObject *key
     return do_lookup(mp, dk, key, hash, compare_unicode_generic);
 }
 
-static inline Py_ALWAYS_INLINE Py_ssize_t
+static inline int
 compare_unicode_unicode(PyDictObject *mp, PyDictKeysObject *dk,
                         void *ep0, Py_ssize_t ix, PyObject *key, Py_hash_t hash)
 {
@@ -1137,7 +1091,7 @@ unicodekeys_lookup_unicode(PyDictKeysObject* dk, PyObject *key, Py_hash_t hash)
     return do_lookup(NULL, dk, key, hash, compare_unicode_unicode);
 }
 
-static inline Py_ALWAYS_INLINE Py_ssize_t
+static inline int
 compare_generic(PyDictObject *mp, PyDictKeysObject *dk,
                 void *ep0, Py_ssize_t ix, PyObject *key, Py_hash_t hash)
 {
@@ -1332,8 +1286,8 @@ ensure_shared_on_resize(PyDictObject *mp)
 
 #ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
 
-static inline Py_ALWAYS_INLINE
-Py_ssize_t compare_unicode_generic_threadsafe(PyDictObject *mp, PyDictKeysObject *dk,
+static inline Py_ALWAYS_INLINE int
+compare_unicode_generic_threadsafe(PyDictObject *mp, PyDictKeysObject *dk,
                                    void *ep0, Py_ssize_t ix, PyObject *key, Py_hash_t hash)
 {
     PyDictUnicodeEntry *ep = &((PyDictUnicodeEntry *)ep0)[ix];
@@ -1375,7 +1329,7 @@ unicodekeys_lookup_generic_threadsafe(PyDictObject *mp, PyDictKeysObject* dk, Py
     return do_lookup(mp, dk, key, hash, compare_unicode_generic_threadsafe);
 }
 
-static inline Py_ALWAYS_INLINE Py_ssize_t
+static inline Py_ALWAYS_INLINE int
 compare_unicode_unicode_threadsafe(PyDictObject *mp, PyDictKeysObject *dk,
                                    void *ep0, Py_ssize_t ix, PyObject *key, Py_hash_t hash)
 {
@@ -1409,8 +1363,8 @@ unicodekeys_lookup_unicode_threadsafe(PyDictKeysObject* dk, PyObject *key, Py_ha
     return do_lookup(NULL, dk, key, hash, compare_unicode_unicode_threadsafe);
 }
 
-static inline Py_ALWAYS_INLINE
-Py_ssize_t compare_generic_threadsafe(PyDictObject *mp, PyDictKeysObject *dk,
+static inline Py_ALWAYS_INLINE int
+compare_generic_threadsafe(PyDictObject *mp, PyDictKeysObject *dk,
                            void *ep0, Py_ssize_t ix, PyObject *key, Py_hash_t hash)
 {
     PyDictKeyEntry *ep = &((PyDictKeyEntry *)ep0)[ix];
@@ -1538,12 +1492,51 @@ _Py_dict_lookup_threadsafe(PyDictObject *mp, PyObject *key, Py_hash_t hash, PyOb
     *value_addr = value;
     if (value != NULL) {
         assert(ix >= 0);
-        Py_INCREF(value);
+        _Py_NewRefWithLock(value);
     }
     Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
     return ix;
 }
 
+Py_ssize_t
+_Py_dict_lookup_threadsafe_stackref(PyDictObject *mp, PyObject *key, Py_hash_t hash, _PyStackRef *value_addr)
+{
+    PyDictKeysObject *dk = _Py_atomic_load_ptr(&mp->ma_keys);
+    if (dk->dk_kind == DICT_KEYS_UNICODE && PyUnicode_CheckExact(key)) {
+        Py_ssize_t ix = unicodekeys_lookup_unicode_threadsafe(dk, key, hash);
+        if (ix == DKIX_EMPTY) {
+            *value_addr = PyStackRef_NULL;
+            return ix;
+        }
+        else if (ix >= 0) {
+            PyObject **addr_of_value = &DK_UNICODE_ENTRIES(dk)[ix].me_value;
+            PyObject *value = _Py_atomic_load_ptr(addr_of_value);
+            if (value == NULL) {
+                *value_addr = PyStackRef_NULL;
+                return DKIX_EMPTY;
+            }
+            if (_Py_IsImmortal(value) || _PyObject_HasDeferredRefcount(value)) {
+                *value_addr =  (_PyStackRef){ .bits = (uintptr_t)value | Py_TAG_DEFERRED };
+                return ix;
+            }
+            if (_Py_TryIncrefCompare(addr_of_value, value)) {
+                *value_addr = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(value);
+                return ix;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    PyObject *obj;
+    Py_ssize_t ix = _Py_dict_lookup_threadsafe(mp, key, hash, &obj);
+    if (ix >= 0 && obj != NULL) {
+        *value_addr = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(obj);
+    }
+    else {
+        *value_addr = PyStackRef_NULL;
+    }
+    return ix;
+}
+
 #else   // Py_GIL_DISABLED
 
 Py_ssize_t
@@ -1554,6 +1547,20 @@ _Py_dict_lookup_threadsafe(PyDictObject *mp, PyObject *key, Py_hash_t hash, PyOb
     return ix;
 }
 
+Py_ssize_t
+_Py_dict_lookup_threadsafe_stackref(PyDictObject *mp, PyObject *key, Py_hash_t hash, _PyStackRef *value_addr)
+{
+    PyObject *val;
+    Py_ssize_t ix = _Py_dict_lookup(mp, key, hash, &val);
+    if (val == NULL) {
+        *value_addr = PyStackRef_NULL;
+    }
+    else {
+        *value_addr = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(val);
+    }
+    return ix;
+}
+
 #endif
 
 int
@@ -1629,6 +1636,24 @@ _PyDict_MaybeUntrack(PyObject *op)
     _PyObject_GC_UNTRACK(op);
 }
 
+void
+_PyDict_EnablePerThreadRefcounting(PyObject *op)
+{
+    assert(PyDict_Check(op));
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    Py_ssize_t id = _PyObject_AssignUniqueId(op);
+    if ((uint64_t)id >= (uint64_t)DICT_UNIQUE_ID_MAX) {
+        _PyObject_ReleaseUniqueId(id);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    PyDictObject *mp = (PyDictObject *)op;
+    assert((mp->_ma_watcher_tag >> DICT_UNIQUE_ID_SHIFT) == 0);
+    // Plus 1 so that _ma_watcher_tag=0 represents an unassigned id
+    mp->_ma_watcher_tag += ((uint64_t)id + 1) << DICT_UNIQUE_ID_SHIFT;
+#endif
+}
+
 static inline int
 is_unusable_slot(Py_ssize_t ix)
 {
@@ -1675,6 +1700,9 @@ insert_combined_dict(PyInterpreterState *interp, PyDictObject *mp,
         }
     }
 
+    _PyDict_NotifyEvent(interp, PyDict_EVENT_ADDED, mp, key, value);
+    mp->ma_keys->dk_version = 0;
+
     Py_ssize_t hashpos = find_empty_slot(mp->ma_keys, hash);
     dictkeys_set_index(mp->ma_keys, hashpos, mp->ma_keys->dk_nentries);
 
@@ -1736,16 +1764,16 @@ insert_split_value(PyInterpreterState *interp, PyDictObject *mp, PyObject *key,
     MAINTAIN_TRACKING(mp, key, value);
     PyObject *old_value = mp->ma_values->values[ix];
     if (old_value == NULL) {
-        uint64_t new_version = _PyDict_NotifyEvent(interp, PyDict_EVENT_ADDED, mp, key, value);
+        _PyDict_NotifyEvent(interp, PyDict_EVENT_ADDED, mp, key, value);
         STORE_SPLIT_VALUE(mp, ix, Py_NewRef(value));
         _PyDictValues_AddToInsertionOrder(mp->ma_values, ix);
         STORE_USED(mp, mp->ma_used + 1);
-        mp->ma_version_tag = new_version;
     }
     else {
-        uint64_t new_version = _PyDict_NotifyEvent(interp, PyDict_EVENT_MODIFIED, mp, key, value);
+        _PyDict_NotifyEvent(interp, PyDict_EVENT_MODIFIED, mp, key, value);
         STORE_SPLIT_VALUE(mp, ix, Py_NewRef(value));
-        mp->ma_version_tag = new_version;
+        // old_value should be DECREFed after GC track checking is done, if not, it could raise a segmentation fault,
+        // when dict only holds the strong reference to value in ep->me_value.
         Py_DECREF(old_value);
     }
     ASSERT_CONSISTENT(mp);
@@ -1794,23 +1822,18 @@ insertdict(PyInterpreterState *interp, PyDictObject *mp,
 
     if (ix == DKIX_EMPTY) {
         assert(!_PyDict_HasSplitTable(mp));
-        uint64_t new_version = _PyDict_NotifyEvent(
-                interp, PyDict_EVENT_ADDED, mp, key, value);
         /* Insert into new slot. */
-        mp->ma_keys->dk_version = 0;
         assert(old_value == NULL);
         if (insert_combined_dict(interp, mp, hash, key, value) < 0) {
             goto Fail;
         }
-        mp->ma_version_tag = new_version;
         STORE_USED(mp, mp->ma_used + 1);
         ASSERT_CONSISTENT(mp);
         return 0;
     }
 
     if (old_value != value) {
-        uint64_t new_version = _PyDict_NotifyEvent(
-                interp, PyDict_EVENT_MODIFIED, mp, key, value);
+        _PyDict_NotifyEvent(interp, PyDict_EVENT_MODIFIED, mp, key, value);
         assert(old_value != NULL);
         assert(!_PyDict_HasSplitTable(mp));
         if (DK_IS_UNICODE(mp->ma_keys)) {
@@ -1821,7 +1844,6 @@ insertdict(PyInterpreterState *interp, PyDictObject *mp,
             PyDictKeyEntry *ep = &DK_ENTRIES(mp->ma_keys)[ix];
             STORE_VALUE(ep, value);
         }
-        mp->ma_version_tag = new_version;
     }
     Py_XDECREF(old_value); /* which **CAN** re-enter (see issue #22653) */
     ASSERT_CONSISTENT(mp);
@@ -1843,9 +1865,6 @@ insert_to_emptydict(PyInterpreterState *interp, PyDictObject *mp,
     assert(mp->ma_keys == Py_EMPTY_KEYS);
     ASSERT_DICT_LOCKED(mp);
 
-    uint64_t new_version = _PyDict_NotifyEvent(
-            interp, PyDict_EVENT_ADDED, mp, key, value);
-
     int unicode = PyUnicode_CheckExact(key);
     PyDictKeysObject *newkeys = new_keys_object(
             interp, PyDict_LOG_MINSIZE, unicode);
@@ -1854,6 +1873,8 @@ insert_to_emptydict(PyInterpreterState *interp, PyDictObject *mp,
         Py_DECREF(value);
         return -1;
     }
+    _PyDict_NotifyEvent(interp, PyDict_EVENT_ADDED, mp, key, value);
+
     /* We don't decref Py_EMPTY_KEYS here because it is immortal. */
     assert(mp->ma_values == NULL);
 
@@ -1873,7 +1894,6 @@ insert_to_emptydict(PyInterpreterState *interp, PyDictObject *mp,
         STORE_VALUE(ep, value);
     }
     STORE_USED(mp, mp->ma_used + 1);
-    mp->ma_version_tag = new_version;
     newkeys->dk_usable--;
     newkeys->dk_nentries++;
     // We store the keys last so no one can see them in a partially inconsistent
@@ -2177,13 +2197,10 @@ dict_getitem(PyObject *op, PyObject *key, const char *warnmsg)
     }
     PyDictObject *mp = (PyDictObject *)op;
 
-    Py_hash_t hash;
-    if (!PyUnicode_CheckExact(key) || (hash = unicode_get_hash(key)) == -1) {
-        hash = PyObject_Hash(key);
-        if (hash == -1) {
-            PyErr_FormatUnraisable(warnmsg);
-            return NULL;
-        }
+    Py_hash_t hash = _PyObject_HashFast(key);
+    if (hash == -1) {
+        PyErr_FormatUnraisable(warnmsg);
+        return NULL;
     }
 
     PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
@@ -2232,12 +2249,9 @@ _PyDict_LookupIndex(PyDictObject *mp, PyObject *key)
     assert(PyDict_CheckExact((PyObject*)mp));
     assert(PyUnicode_CheckExact(key));
 
-    Py_hash_t hash = unicode_get_hash(key);
+    Py_hash_t hash = _PyObject_HashFast(key);
     if (hash == -1) {
-        hash = PyObject_Hash(key);
-        if (hash == -1) {
-            return -1;
-        }
+        return -1;
     }
 
     return _Py_dict_lookup(mp, key, hash, &value);
@@ -2269,6 +2283,29 @@ _PyDict_GetItem_KnownHash(PyObject *op, PyObject *key, Py_hash_t hash)
     return value;  // borrowed reference
 }
 
+/* Gets an item and provides a new reference if the value is present.
+ * Returns 1 if the key is present, 0 if the key is missing, and -1 if an
+ * exception occurred.
+*/
+int
+_PyDict_GetItemRef_KnownHash_LockHeld(PyDictObject *op, PyObject *key,
+                                      Py_hash_t hash, PyObject **result)
+{
+    PyObject *value;
+    Py_ssize_t ix = _Py_dict_lookup(op, key, hash, &value);
+    assert(ix >= 0 || value == NULL);
+    if (ix == DKIX_ERROR) {
+        *result = NULL;
+        return -1;
+    }
+    if (value == NULL) {
+        *result = NULL;
+        return 0;  // missing key
+    }
+    *result = Py_NewRef(value);
+    return 1;  // key is present
+}
+
 /* Gets an item and provides a new reference if the value is present.
  * Returns 1 if the key is present, 0 if the key is missing, and -1 if an
  * exception occurred.
@@ -2308,14 +2345,10 @@ PyDict_GetItemRef(PyObject *op, PyObject *key, PyObject **result)
         return -1;
     }
 
-    Py_hash_t hash;
-    if (!PyUnicode_CheckExact(key) || (hash = unicode_get_hash(key)) == -1)
-    {
-        hash = PyObject_Hash(key);
-        if (hash == -1) {
-            *result = NULL;
-            return -1;
-        }
+    Py_hash_t hash = _PyObject_HashFast(key);
+    if (hash == -1) {
+        *result = NULL;
+        return -1;
     }
 
     return _PyDict_GetItemRef_KnownHash((PyDictObject *)op, key, hash, result);
@@ -2327,13 +2360,10 @@ _PyDict_GetItemRef_Unicode_LockHeld(PyDictObject *op, PyObject *key, PyObject **
     ASSERT_DICT_LOCKED(op);
     assert(PyUnicode_CheckExact(key));
 
-    Py_hash_t hash;
-    if ((hash = unicode_get_hash(key)) == -1) {
-        hash = PyObject_Hash(key);
-        if (hash == -1) {
-            *result = NULL;
-            return -1;
-        }
+    Py_hash_t hash = _PyObject_HashFast(key);
+    if (hash == -1) {
+        *result = NULL;
+        return -1;
     }
 
     PyObject *value;
@@ -2367,12 +2397,9 @@ PyDict_GetItemWithError(PyObject *op, PyObject *key)
         PyErr_BadInternalCall();
         return NULL;
     }
-    if (!PyUnicode_CheckExact(key) || (hash = unicode_get_hash(key)) == -1)
-    {
-        hash = PyObject_Hash(key);
-        if (hash == -1) {
-            return NULL;
-        }
+    hash = _PyObject_HashFast(key);
+    if (hash == -1) {
+        return NULL;
     }
 
 #ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
@@ -2389,7 +2416,7 @@ PyObject *
 _PyDict_GetItemWithError(PyObject *dp, PyObject *kv)
 {
     assert(PyUnicode_CheckExact(kv));
-    Py_hash_t hash = kv->ob_type->tp_hash(kv);
+    Py_hash_t hash = Py_TYPE(kv)->tp_hash(kv);
     if (hash == -1) {
         return NULL;
     }
@@ -2440,10 +2467,9 @@ _PyDict_LoadGlobal(PyDictObject *globals, PyDictObject *builtins, PyObject *key)
     Py_hash_t hash;
     PyObject *value;
 
-    if (!PyUnicode_CheckExact(key) || (hash = unicode_get_hash(key)) == -1) {
-        hash = PyObject_Hash(key);
-        if (hash == -1)
-            return NULL;
+    hash = _PyObject_HashFast(key);
+    if (hash == -1) {
+        return NULL;
     }
 
     /* namespace 1: globals */
@@ -2459,6 +2485,66 @@ _PyDict_LoadGlobal(PyDictObject *globals, PyDictObject *builtins, PyObject *key)
     return value;
 }
 
+void
+_PyDict_LoadGlobalStackRef(PyDictObject *globals, PyDictObject *builtins, PyObject *key, _PyStackRef *res)
+{
+    Py_ssize_t ix;
+    Py_hash_t hash;
+
+    hash = _PyObject_HashFast(key);
+    if (hash == -1) {
+        *res = PyStackRef_NULL;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /* namespace 1: globals */
+    ix = _Py_dict_lookup_threadsafe_stackref(globals, key, hash, res);
+    if (ix == DKIX_ERROR) {
+        return;
+    }
+    if (ix != DKIX_EMPTY && !PyStackRef_IsNull(*res)) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /* namespace 2: builtins */
+    ix = _Py_dict_lookup_threadsafe_stackref(builtins, key, hash, res);
+    assert(ix >= 0 || PyStackRef_IsNull(*res));
+}
+
+PyObject *
+_PyDict_LoadBuiltinsFromGlobals(PyObject *globals)
+{
+    if (!PyDict_Check(globals)) {
+        PyErr_BadInternalCall();
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    PyDictObject *mp = (PyDictObject *)globals;
+    PyObject *key = &_Py_ID(__builtins__);
+    Py_hash_t hash = unicode_get_hash(key);
+
+    // Use the stackref variant to avoid reference count contention on the
+    // builtins module in the free threading build. It's important not to
+    // make any escaping calls between the lookup and the `PyStackRef_CLOSE()`
+    // because the `ref` is not visible to the GC.
+    _PyStackRef ref;
+    Py_ssize_t ix = _Py_dict_lookup_threadsafe_stackref(mp, key, hash, &ref);
+    if (ix == DKIX_ERROR) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if (PyStackRef_IsNull(ref)) {
+        return Py_NewRef(PyEval_GetBuiltins());
+    }
+    PyObject *builtins = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(ref);
+    if (PyModule_Check(builtins)) {
+        builtins = _PyModule_GetDict(builtins);
+        assert(builtins != NULL);
+    }
+    _Py_INCREF_BUILTINS(builtins);
+    PyStackRef_CLOSE(ref);
+    return builtins;
+}
+
 /* Consumes references to key and value */
 static int
 setitem_take2_lock_held(PyDictObject *mp, PyObject *key, PyObject *value)
@@ -2468,14 +2554,11 @@ setitem_take2_lock_held(PyDictObject *mp, PyObject *key, PyObject *value)
     assert(key);
     assert(value);
     assert(PyDict_Check(mp));
-    Py_hash_t hash;
-    if (!PyUnicode_CheckExact(key) || (hash = unicode_get_hash(key)) == -1) {
-        hash = PyObject_Hash(key);
-        if (hash == -1) {
-            Py_DECREF(key);
-            Py_DECREF(value);
-            return -1;
-        }
+    Py_hash_t hash = _PyObject_HashFast(key);
+    if (hash == -1) {
+        Py_DECREF(key);
+        Py_DECREF(value);
+        return -1;
     }
 
     PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
@@ -2527,11 +2610,21 @@ setitem_lock_held(PyDictObject *mp, PyObject *key, PyObject *value)
 
 
 int
-_PyDict_SetItem_KnownHash(PyObject *op, PyObject *key, PyObject *value,
-                         Py_hash_t hash)
+_PyDict_SetItem_KnownHash_LockHeld(PyDictObject *mp, PyObject *key, PyObject *value,
+                                   Py_hash_t hash)
 {
-    PyDictObject *mp;
+    PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
+    if (mp->ma_keys == Py_EMPTY_KEYS) {
+        return insert_to_emptydict(interp, mp, Py_NewRef(key), hash, Py_NewRef(value));
+    }
+    /* insertdict() handles any resizing that might be necessary */
+    return insertdict(interp, mp, Py_NewRef(key), hash, Py_NewRef(value));
+}
 
+int
+_PyDict_SetItem_KnownHash(PyObject *op, PyObject *key, PyObject *value,
+                          Py_hash_t hash)
+{
     if (!PyDict_Check(op)) {
         PyErr_BadInternalCall();
         return -1;
@@ -2539,21 +2632,10 @@ _PyDict_SetItem_KnownHash(PyObject *op, PyObject *key, PyObject *value,
     assert(key);
     assert(value);
     assert(hash != -1);
-    mp = (PyDictObject *)op;
 
     int res;
-    PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
-
-    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(mp);
-
-    if (mp->ma_keys == Py_EMPTY_KEYS) {
-        res = insert_to_emptydict(interp, mp, Py_NewRef(key), hash, Py_NewRef(value));
-    }
-    else {
-        /* insertdict() handles any resizing that might be necessary */
-        res = insertdict(interp, mp, Py_NewRef(key), hash, Py_NewRef(value));
-    }
-
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(op);
+    res = _PyDict_SetItem_KnownHash_LockHeld((PyDictObject *)op, key, value, hash);
     Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
     return res;
 }
@@ -2576,9 +2658,9 @@ delete_index_from_values(PyDictValues *values, Py_ssize_t ix)
     values->size = size;
 }
 
-static int
+static void
 delitem_common(PyDictObject *mp, Py_hash_t hash, Py_ssize_t ix,
-               PyObject *old_value, uint64_t new_version)
+               PyObject *old_value)
 {
     PyObject *old_key;
 
@@ -2588,7 +2670,6 @@ delitem_common(PyDictObject *mp, Py_hash_t hash, Py_ssize_t ix,
     assert(hashpos >= 0);
 
     STORE_USED(mp, mp->ma_used - 1);
-    mp->ma_version_tag = new_version;
     if (_PyDict_HasSplitTable(mp)) {
         assert(old_value == mp->ma_values->values[ix]);
         STORE_SPLIT_VALUE(mp, ix, NULL);
@@ -2618,18 +2699,15 @@ delitem_common(PyDictObject *mp, Py_hash_t hash, Py_ssize_t ix,
     Py_DECREF(old_value);
 
     ASSERT_CONSISTENT(mp);
-    return 0;
 }
 
 int
 PyDict_DelItem(PyObject *op, PyObject *key)
 {
-    Py_hash_t hash;
     assert(key);
-    if (!PyUnicode_CheckExact(key) || (hash = unicode_get_hash(key)) == -1) {
-        hash = PyObject_Hash(key);
-        if (hash == -1)
-            return -1;
+    Py_hash_t hash = _PyObject_HashFast(key);
+    if (hash == -1) {
+        return -1;
     }
 
     return _PyDict_DelItem_KnownHash(op, key, hash);
@@ -2661,9 +2739,9 @@ delitem_knownhash_lock_held(PyObject *op, PyObject *key, Py_hash_t hash)
     }
 
     PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
-    uint64_t new_version = _PyDict_NotifyEvent(
-            interp, PyDict_EVENT_DELETED, mp, key, NULL);
-    return delitem_common(mp, hash, ix, old_value, new_version);
+    _PyDict_NotifyEvent(interp, PyDict_EVENT_DELETED, mp, key, NULL);
+    delitem_common(mp, hash, ix, old_value);
+    return 0;
 }
 
 int
@@ -2678,7 +2756,8 @@ _PyDict_DelItem_KnownHash(PyObject *op, PyObject *key, Py_hash_t hash)
 
 static int
 delitemif_lock_held(PyObject *op, PyObject *key,
-                    int (*predicate)(PyObject *value))
+                    int (*predicate)(PyObject *value, void *arg),
+                    void *arg)
 {
     Py_ssize_t ix;
     PyDictObject *mp;
@@ -2688,32 +2767,28 @@ delitemif_lock_held(PyObject *op, PyObject *key,
 
     ASSERT_DICT_LOCKED(op);
 
-    if (!PyDict_Check(op)) {
-        PyErr_BadInternalCall();
-        return -1;
-    }
     assert(key);
     hash = PyObject_Hash(key);
     if (hash == -1)
         return -1;
     mp = (PyDictObject *)op;
     ix = _Py_dict_lookup(mp, key, hash, &old_value);
-    if (ix == DKIX_ERROR)
+    if (ix == DKIX_ERROR) {
         return -1;
+    }
     if (ix == DKIX_EMPTY || old_value == NULL) {
-        _PyErr_SetKeyError(key);
-        return -1;
+        return 0;
     }
 
-    res = predicate(old_value);
+    res = predicate(old_value, arg);
     if (res == -1)
         return -1;
 
     if (res > 0) {
         PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
-        uint64_t new_version = _PyDict_NotifyEvent(
-                interp, PyDict_EVENT_DELETED, mp, key, NULL);
-        return delitem_common(mp, hash, ix, old_value, new_version);
+        _PyDict_NotifyEvent(interp, PyDict_EVENT_DELETED, mp, key, NULL);
+        delitem_common(mp, hash, ix, old_value);
+        return 1;
     } else {
         return 0;
     }
@@ -2725,11 +2800,13 @@ delitemif_lock_held(PyObject *op, PyObject *key,
  */
 int
 _PyDict_DelItemIf(PyObject *op, PyObject *key,
-                  int (*predicate)(PyObject *value))
+                  int (*predicate)(PyObject *value, void *arg),
+                  void *arg)
 {
+    assert(PyDict_Check(op));
     int res;
     Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(op);
-    res = delitemif_lock_held(op, key, predicate);
+    res = delitemif_lock_held(op, key, predicate, arg);
     Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
     return res;
 }
@@ -2754,11 +2831,9 @@ clear_lock_held(PyObject *op)
     }
     /* Empty the dict... */
     PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
-    uint64_t new_version = _PyDict_NotifyEvent(
-            interp, PyDict_EVENT_CLEARED, mp, NULL, NULL);
+    _PyDict_NotifyEvent(interp, PyDict_EVENT_CLEARED, mp, NULL, NULL);
     // We don't inc ref empty keys because they're immortal
     ensure_shared_on_resize(mp);
-    mp->ma_version_tag = new_version;
     STORE_USED(mp, 0);
     if (oldvalues == NULL) {
         set_keys(mp, Py_EMPTY_KEYS);
@@ -2808,8 +2883,6 @@ _PyDict_Next(PyObject *op, Py_ssize_t *ppos, PyObject **pkey,
     if (!PyDict_Check(op))
         return 0;
 
-    ASSERT_DICT_LOCKED(op);
-
     mp = (PyDictObject *)op;
     i = *ppos;
     if (_PyDict_HasSplitTable(mp)) {
@@ -2882,11 +2955,7 @@ _PyDict_Next(PyObject *op, Py_ssize_t *ppos, PyObject **pkey,
 int
 PyDict_Next(PyObject *op, Py_ssize_t *ppos, PyObject **pkey, PyObject **pvalue)
 {
-    int res;
-    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(op);
-    res = _PyDict_Next(op, ppos, pkey, pvalue, NULL);
-    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
-    return res;
+    return _PyDict_Next(op, ppos, pkey, pvalue, NULL);
 }
 
 
@@ -2924,9 +2993,8 @@ _PyDict_Pop_KnownHash(PyDictObject *mp, PyObject *key, Py_hash_t hash,
 
     assert(old_value != NULL);
     PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
-    uint64_t new_version = _PyDict_NotifyEvent(
-            interp, PyDict_EVENT_DELETED, mp, key, NULL);
-    delitem_common(mp, hash, ix, Py_NewRef(old_value), new_version);
+    _PyDict_NotifyEvent(interp, PyDict_EVENT_DELETED, mp, key, NULL);
+    delitem_common(mp, hash, ix, Py_NewRef(old_value));
 
     ASSERT_CONSISTENT(mp);
     if (result) {
@@ -2959,15 +3027,12 @@ pop_lock_held(PyObject *op, PyObject *key, PyObject **result)
         return 0;
     }
 
-    Py_hash_t hash;
-    if (!PyUnicode_CheckExact(key) || (hash = unicode_get_hash(key)) == -1) {
-        hash = PyObject_Hash(key);
-        if (hash == -1) {
-            if (result) {
-                *result = NULL;
-            }
-            return -1;
+    Py_hash_t hash = _PyObject_HashFast(key);
+    if (hash == -1) {
+        if (result) {
+            *result = NULL;
         }
+        return -1;
     }
     return _PyDict_Pop_KnownHash(dict, key, hash, result);
 }
@@ -3116,7 +3181,7 @@ _PyDict_FromKeys(PyObject *cls, PyObject *iterable, PyObject *value)
                 goto dict_iter_exit;
             }
         }
-dict_iter_exit:
+dict_iter_exit:;
         Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
     } else {
         while ((key = PyIter_Next(it)) != NULL) {
@@ -3173,16 +3238,10 @@ dict_dealloc(PyObject *self)
         assert(keys->dk_refcnt == 1 || keys == Py_EMPTY_KEYS);
         dictkeys_decref(interp, keys, false);
     }
-#ifdef WITH_FREELISTS
-    struct _Py_dict_freelist *freelist = get_dict_freelist();
-    if (freelist->numfree < PyDict_MAXFREELIST && freelist->numfree >=0 &&
-        Py_IS_TYPE(mp, &PyDict_Type)) {
-        freelist->items[freelist->numfree++] = mp;
-        OBJECT_STAT_INC(to_freelist);
+    if (Py_IS_TYPE(mp, &PyDict_Type)) {
+        _Py_FREELIST_FREE(dicts, mp, Py_TYPE(mp)->tp_free);
     }
-    else
-#endif
-    {
+    else {
         Py_TYPE(mp)->tp_free((PyObject *)mp);
     }
     Py_TRASHCAN_END
@@ -3193,16 +3252,12 @@ static PyObject *
 dict_repr_lock_held(PyObject *self)
 {
     PyDictObject *mp = (PyDictObject *)self;
-    Py_ssize_t i;
     PyObject *key = NULL, *value = NULL;
-    _PyUnicodeWriter writer;
-    int first;
-
     ASSERT_DICT_LOCKED(mp);
 
-    i = Py_ReprEnter((PyObject *)mp);
-    if (i != 0) {
-        return i > 0 ? PyUnicode_FromString("{...}") : NULL;
+    int res = Py_ReprEnter((PyObject *)mp);
+    if (res != 0) {
+        return (res > 0 ? PyUnicode_FromString("{...}") : NULL);
     }
 
     if (mp->ma_used == 0) {
@@ -3210,66 +3265,70 @@ dict_repr_lock_held(PyObject *self)
         return PyUnicode_FromString("{}");
     }
 
-    _PyUnicodeWriter_Init(&writer);
-    writer.overallocate = 1;
-    /* "{" + "1: 2" + ", 3: 4" * (len - 1) + "}" */
-    writer.min_length = 1 + 4 + (2 + 4) * (mp->ma_used - 1) + 1;
+    // "{" + "1: 2" + ", 3: 4" * (len - 1) + "}"
+    Py_ssize_t prealloc = 1 + 4 + 6 * (mp->ma_used - 1) + 1;
+    PyUnicodeWriter *writer = PyUnicodeWriter_Create(prealloc);
+    if (writer == NULL) {
+        goto error;
+    }
 
-    if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar(&writer, '{') < 0)
+    if (PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar(writer, '{') < 0) {
         goto error;
+    }
 
     /* Do repr() on each key+value pair, and insert ": " between them.
        Note that repr may mutate the dict. */
-    i = 0;
-    first = 1;
+    Py_ssize_t i = 0;
+    int first = 1;
     while (_PyDict_Next((PyObject *)mp, &i, &key, &value, NULL)) {
-        PyObject *s;
-        int res;
-
-        /* Prevent repr from deleting key or value during key format. */
+        // Prevent repr from deleting key or value during key format.
         Py_INCREF(key);
         Py_INCREF(value);
 
         if (!first) {
-            if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteASCIIString(&writer, ", ", 2) < 0)
+            // Write ", "
+            if (PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar(writer, ',') < 0) {
                 goto error;
+            }
+            if (PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar(writer, ' ') < 0) {
+                goto error;
+            }
         }
         first = 0;
 
-        s = PyObject_Repr(key);
-        if (s == NULL)
-            goto error;
-        res = _PyUnicodeWriter_WriteStr(&writer, s);
-        Py_DECREF(s);
-        if (res < 0)
+        // Write repr(key)
+        if (PyUnicodeWriter_WriteRepr(writer, key) < 0) {
             goto error;
+        }
 
-        if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteASCIIString(&writer, ": ", 2) < 0)
+        // Write ": "
+        if (PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar(writer, ':') < 0) {
             goto error;
-
-        s = PyObject_Repr(value);
-        if (s == NULL)
+        }
+        if (PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar(writer, ' ') < 0) {
             goto error;
-        res = _PyUnicodeWriter_WriteStr(&writer, s);
-        Py_DECREF(s);
-        if (res < 0)
+        }
+
+        // Write repr(value)
+        if (PyUnicodeWriter_WriteRepr(writer, value) < 0) {
             goto error;
+        }
 
         Py_CLEAR(key);
         Py_CLEAR(value);
     }
 
-    writer.overallocate = 0;
-    if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar(&writer, '}') < 0)
+    if (PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar(writer, '}') < 0) {
         goto error;
+    }
 
     Py_ReprLeave((PyObject *)mp);
 
-    return _PyUnicodeWriter_Finish(&writer);
+    return PyUnicodeWriter_Finish(writer);
 
 error:
     Py_ReprLeave((PyObject *)mp);
-    _PyUnicodeWriter_Dealloc(&writer);
+    PyUnicodeWriter_Discard(writer);
     Py_XDECREF(key);
     Py_XDECREF(value);
     return NULL;
@@ -3299,10 +3358,9 @@ dict_subscript(PyObject *self, PyObject *key)
     Py_hash_t hash;
     PyObject *value;
 
-    if (!PyUnicode_CheckExact(key) || (hash = unicode_get_hash(key)) == -1) {
-        hash = PyObject_Hash(key);
-        if (hash == -1)
-            return NULL;
+    hash = _PyObject_HashFast(key);
+    if (hash == -1) {
+        return NULL;
     }
     ix = _Py_dict_lookup_threadsafe(mp, key, hash, &value);
     if (ix == DKIX_ERROR)
@@ -3701,8 +3759,7 @@ dict_dict_merge(PyInterpreterState *interp, PyDictObject *mp, PyDictObject *othe
             (DK_LOG_SIZE(okeys) == PyDict_LOG_MINSIZE ||
              USABLE_FRACTION(DK_SIZE(okeys)/2) < other->ma_used)
         ) {
-            uint64_t new_version = _PyDict_NotifyEvent(
-                    interp, PyDict_EVENT_CLONED, mp, (PyObject *)other, NULL);
+            _PyDict_NotifyEvent(interp, PyDict_EVENT_CLONED, mp, (PyObject *)other, NULL);
             PyDictKeysObject *keys = clone_combined_dict_keys(other);
             if (keys == NULL)
                 return -1;
@@ -3711,7 +3768,6 @@ dict_dict_merge(PyInterpreterState *interp, PyDictObject *mp, PyDictObject *othe
             dictkeys_decref(interp, mp->ma_keys, IS_DICT_SHARED(mp));
             mp->ma_keys = keys;
             STORE_USED(mp, other->ma_used);
-            mp->ma_version_tag = new_version;
             ASSERT_CONSISTENT(mp);
 
             if (_PyObject_GC_IS_TRACKED(other) && !_PyObject_GC_IS_TRACKED(mp)) {
@@ -3914,13 +3970,13 @@ dict_copy_impl(PyDictObject *self)
 }
 
 /* Copies the values, but does not change the reference
- * counts of the objects in the array. */
+ * counts of the objects in the array.
+ * Return NULL, but does *not* set an exception on failure  */
 static PyDictValues *
 copy_values(PyDictValues *values)
 {
     PyDictValues *newvalues = new_values(values->capacity);
     if (newvalues == NULL) {
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
         return NULL;
     }
     newvalues->size = values->size;
@@ -3966,7 +4022,7 @@ copy_lock_held(PyObject *o)
         split_copy->ma_values = newvalues;
         split_copy->ma_keys = mp->ma_keys;
         split_copy->ma_used = mp->ma_used;
-        split_copy->ma_version_tag = DICT_NEXT_VERSION(interp);
+        split_copy->_ma_watcher_tag = 0;
         dictkeys_incref(mp->ma_keys);
         if (_PyObject_GC_IS_TRACKED(mp))
             _PyObject_GC_TRACK(split_copy);
@@ -4064,7 +4120,7 @@ dict_equal_lock_held(PyDictObject *a, PyDictObject *b)
         /* can't be equal if # of entries differ */
         return 0;
     /* Same # of entries -- check all of 'em.  Exit early on any diff. */
-    for (i = 0; i < LOAD_KEYS_NENTIRES(a->ma_keys); i++) {
+    for (i = 0; i < LOAD_KEYS_NENTRIES(a->ma_keys); i++) {
         PyObject *key, *aval;
         Py_hash_t hash;
         if (DK_IS_UNICODE(a->ma_keys)) {
@@ -4189,10 +4245,9 @@ dict_get_impl(PyDictObject *self, PyObject *key, PyObject *default_value)
     Py_hash_t hash;
     Py_ssize_t ix;
 
-    if (!PyUnicode_CheckExact(key) || (hash = unicode_get_hash(key)) == -1) {
-        hash = PyObject_Hash(key);
-        if (hash == -1)
-            return NULL;
+    hash = _PyObject_HashFast(key);
+    if (hash == -1) {
+        return NULL;
     }
     ix = _Py_dict_lookup_threadsafe(self, key, hash, &val);
     if (ix == DKIX_ERROR)
@@ -4222,14 +4277,12 @@ dict_setdefault_ref_lock_held(PyObject *d, PyObject *key, PyObject *default_valu
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if (!PyUnicode_CheckExact(key) || (hash = unicode_get_hash(key)) == -1) {
-        hash = PyObject_Hash(key);
-        if (hash == -1) {
-            if (result) {
-                *result = NULL;
-            }
-            return -1;
+    hash = _PyObject_HashFast(key);
+    if (hash == -1) {
+        if (result) {
+            *result = NULL;
         }
+        return -1;
     }
 
     if (mp->ma_keys == Py_EMPTY_KEYS) {
@@ -4288,9 +4341,6 @@ dict_setdefault_ref_lock_held(PyObject *d, PyObject *key, PyObject *default_valu
 
     if (ix == DKIX_EMPTY) {
         assert(!_PyDict_HasSplitTable(mp));
-        uint64_t new_version = _PyDict_NotifyEvent(
-            interp, PyDict_EVENT_ADDED, mp, key, default_value);
-        mp->ma_keys->dk_version = 0;
         value = default_value;
 
         if (insert_combined_dict(interp, mp, hash, Py_NewRef(key), Py_NewRef(value)) < 0) {
@@ -4303,7 +4353,6 @@ dict_setdefault_ref_lock_held(PyObject *d, PyObject *key, PyObject *default_valu
 
         MAINTAIN_TRACKING(mp, key, value);
         STORE_USED(mp, mp->ma_used + 1);
-        mp->ma_version_tag = new_version;
         assert(mp->ma_keys->dk_usable >= 0);
         ASSERT_CONSISTENT(mp);
         if (result) {
@@ -4423,7 +4472,6 @@ dict_popitem_impl(PyDictObject *self)
 {
     Py_ssize_t i, j;
     PyObject *res;
-    uint64_t new_version;
     PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
 
     ASSERT_DICT_LOCKED(self);
@@ -4466,8 +4514,7 @@ dict_popitem_impl(PyDictObject *self)
         assert(i >= 0);
 
         key = ep0[i].me_key;
-        new_version = _PyDict_NotifyEvent(
-                interp, PyDict_EVENT_DELETED, self, key, NULL);
+        _PyDict_NotifyEvent(interp, PyDict_EVENT_DELETED, self, key, NULL);
         hash = unicode_get_hash(key);
         value = ep0[i].me_value;
         ep0[i].me_key = NULL;
@@ -4482,8 +4529,7 @@ dict_popitem_impl(PyDictObject *self)
         assert(i >= 0);
 
         key = ep0[i].me_key;
-        new_version = _PyDict_NotifyEvent(
-                interp, PyDict_EVENT_DELETED, self, key, NULL);
+        _PyDict_NotifyEvent(interp, PyDict_EVENT_DELETED, self, key, NULL);
         hash = ep0[i].me_hash;
         value = ep0[i].me_value;
         ep0[i].me_key = NULL;
@@ -4501,7 +4547,6 @@ dict_popitem_impl(PyDictObject *self)
     /* We can't dk_usable++ since there is DKIX_DUMMY in indices */
     STORE_KEYS_NENTRIES(self->ma_keys, i);
     STORE_USED(self, self->ma_used - 1);
-    self->ma_version_tag = new_version;
     ASSERT_CONSISTENT(self);
     return res;
 }
@@ -4672,12 +4717,10 @@ static PyMethodDef mapp_methods[] = {
 int
 PyDict_Contains(PyObject *op, PyObject *key)
 {
-    Py_hash_t hash;
+    Py_hash_t hash = _PyObject_HashFast(key);
 
-    if (!PyUnicode_CheckExact(key) || (hash = unicode_get_hash(key)) == -1) {
-        hash = PyObject_Hash(key);
-        if (hash == -1)
-            return -1;
+    if (hash == -1) {
+        return -1;
     }
 
     return _PyDict_Contains_KnownHash(op, key, hash);
@@ -4763,8 +4806,7 @@ dict_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
     PyDictObject *d = (PyDictObject *)self;
 
     d->ma_used = 0;
-    d->ma_version_tag = DICT_NEXT_VERSION(
-            _PyInterpreterState_GET());
+    d->_ma_watcher_tag = 0;
     dictkeys_incref(Py_EMPTY_KEYS);
     d->ma_keys = Py_EMPTY_KEYS;
     d->ma_values = NULL;
@@ -4942,7 +4984,8 @@ PyDict_SetItemString(PyObject *v, const char *key, PyObject *item)
     kv = PyUnicode_FromString(key);
     if (kv == NULL)
         return -1;
-    PyUnicode_InternInPlace(&kv); /* XXX Should we really? */
+    PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
+    _PyUnicode_InternImmortal(interp, &kv); /* XXX Should we really? */
     err = PyDict_SetItem(v, kv, item);
     Py_DECREF(kv);
     return err;
@@ -5401,7 +5444,7 @@ dictiter_iternextitem_lock_held(PyDictObject *d, PyObject *self,
 #ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
 
 // Grabs the key and/or value from the provided locations and if successful
-// returns them with an increased reference count.  If either one is unsucessful
+// returns them with an increased reference count.  If either one is unsuccessful
 // nothing is incref'd and returns -1.
 static int
 acquire_key_value(PyObject **key_loc, PyObject *value, PyObject **value_loc,
@@ -6647,9 +6690,10 @@ dictvalues_reversed(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 /* Returns NULL if cannot allocate a new PyDictKeysObject,
    but does not set an error */
 PyDictKeysObject *
-_PyDict_NewKeysForClass(void)
+_PyDict_NewKeysForClass(PyHeapTypeObject *cls)
 {
     PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
+
     PyDictKeysObject *keys = new_keys_object(
             interp, NEXT_LOG2_SHARED_KEYS_MAX_SIZE, 1);
     if (keys == NULL) {
@@ -6661,6 +6705,20 @@ _PyDict_NewKeysForClass(void)
         keys->dk_usable = SHARED_KEYS_MAX_SIZE;
         keys->dk_kind = DICT_KEYS_SPLIT;
     }
+    if (cls->ht_type.tp_dict) {
+        PyObject *attrs = PyDict_GetItem(cls->ht_type.tp_dict, &_Py_ID(__static_attributes__));
+        if (attrs != NULL && PyTuple_Check(attrs)) {
+            for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < PyTuple_GET_SIZE(attrs); i++) {
+                PyObject *key = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(attrs, i);
+                Py_hash_t hash;
+                if (PyUnicode_CheckExact(key) && (hash = unicode_get_hash(key)) != -1) {
+                    if (insert_split_key(keys, key, hash) == DKIX_EMPTY) {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
     return keys;
 }
 
@@ -6722,18 +6780,25 @@ make_dict_from_instance_attributes(PyInterpreterState *interp,
     return res;
 }
 
-static PyDictObject *
-materialize_managed_dict_lock_held(PyObject *obj)
+PyDictObject *
+_PyObject_MaterializeManagedDict_LockHeld(PyObject *obj)
 {
-    _Py_CRITICAL_SECTION_ASSERT_OBJECT_LOCKED(obj);
+    ASSERT_WORLD_STOPPED_OR_OBJ_LOCKED(obj);
 
-    PyDictValues *values = _PyObject_InlineValues(obj);
-    PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
-    PyDictKeysObject *keys = CACHED_KEYS(Py_TYPE(obj));
     OBJECT_STAT_INC(dict_materialized_on_request);
-    PyDictObject *dict = make_dict_from_instance_attributes(interp, keys, values);
+
+    PyDictValues *values = _PyObject_InlineValues(obj);
+    PyDictObject *dict;
+    if (values->valid) {
+        PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
+        PyDictKeysObject *keys = CACHED_KEYS(Py_TYPE(obj));
+        dict = make_dict_from_instance_attributes(interp, keys, values);
+    }
+    else {
+        dict = (PyDictObject *)PyDict_New();
+    }
     FT_ATOMIC_STORE_PTR_RELEASE(_PyObject_ManagedDictPointer(obj)->dict,
-                                (PyDictObject *)dict);
+                                dict);
     return dict;
 }
 
@@ -6754,7 +6819,7 @@ _PyObject_MaterializeManagedDict(PyObject *obj)
         goto exit;
     }
 #endif
-    dict = materialize_managed_dict_lock_held(obj);
+    dict = _PyObject_MaterializeManagedDict_LockHeld(obj);
 
 #ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
 exit:
@@ -6767,11 +6832,9 @@ int
 _PyDict_SetItem_LockHeld(PyDictObject *dict, PyObject *name, PyObject *value)
 {
     if (value == NULL) {
-        Py_hash_t hash;
-        if (!PyUnicode_CheckExact(name) || (hash = unicode_get_hash(name)) == -1) {
-            hash = PyObject_Hash(name);
-            if (hash == -1)
-                return -1;
+        Py_hash_t hash = _PyObject_HashFast(name);
+        if (hash == -1) {
+            return -1;
         }
         return delitem_knownhash_lock_held((PyObject *)dict, name, hash);
     } else {
@@ -6843,15 +6906,24 @@ store_instance_attr_lock_held(PyObject *obj, PyDictValues *values,
     }
 
     PyObject *old_value = values->values[ix];
+    if (old_value == NULL && value == NULL) {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_AttributeError,
+                        "'%.100s' object has no attribute '%U'",
+                        Py_TYPE(obj)->tp_name, name);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    if (dict) {
+        PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
+        PyDict_WatchEvent event = (old_value == NULL ? PyDict_EVENT_ADDED :
+                                   value == NULL ? PyDict_EVENT_DELETED :
+                                   PyDict_EVENT_MODIFIED);
+        _PyDict_NotifyEvent(interp, event, dict, name, value);
+    }
+
     FT_ATOMIC_STORE_PTR_RELEASE(values->values[ix], Py_XNewRef(value));
 
     if (old_value == NULL) {
-        if (value == NULL) {
-            PyErr_Format(PyExc_AttributeError,
-                         "'%.100s' object has no attribute '%U'",
-                         Py_TYPE(obj)->tp_name, name);
-            return -1;
-        }
         _PyDictValues_AddToInsertionOrder(values, ix);
         if (dict) {
             assert(dict->ma_values == values);
@@ -7006,7 +7078,7 @@ _PyObject_TryGetInstanceAttribute(PyObject *obj, PyObject *name, PyObject **attr
             // Still no dict, we can read from the values
             assert(values->valid);
             value = values->values[ix];
-            *attr = Py_XNewRef(value);
+            *attr = _Py_XNewRefWithLock(value);
             success = true;
         }
 
@@ -7026,7 +7098,7 @@ _PyObject_TryGetInstanceAttribute(PyObject *obj, PyObject *name, PyObject **attr
 
     if (dict->ma_values == values && FT_ATOMIC_LOAD_UINT8(values->valid)) {
         value = _Py_atomic_load_ptr_relaxed(&values->values[ix]);
-        *attr = Py_XNewRef(value);
+        *attr = _Py_XNewRefWithLock(value);
         success = true;
     } else {
         // Caller needs to lookup from the dictionary
@@ -7189,7 +7261,7 @@ PyObject_ClearManagedDict(PyObject *obj)
 int
 _PyDict_DetachFromObject(PyDictObject *mp, PyObject *obj)
 {
-    _Py_CRITICAL_SECTION_ASSERT_OBJECT_LOCKED(obj);
+    ASSERT_WORLD_STOPPED_OR_OBJ_LOCKED(obj);
     assert(_PyObject_ManagedDictPointer(obj)->dict == mp);
     assert(_PyObject_InlineValuesConsistencyCheck(obj));
 
@@ -7207,6 +7279,13 @@ _PyDict_DetachFromObject(PyDictObject *mp, PyObject *obj)
     PyDictValues *values = copy_values(mp->ma_values);
 
     if (values == NULL) {
+        /* Out of memory. Clear the dict */
+        PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
+        PyDictKeysObject *oldkeys = mp->ma_keys;
+        set_keys(mp, Py_EMPTY_KEYS);
+        dictkeys_decref(interp, oldkeys, IS_DICT_SHARED(mp));
+        STORE_USED(mp, 0);
+        PyErr_NoMemory();
         return -1;
     }
     mp->ma_values = values;
@@ -7368,7 +7447,7 @@ PyDict_Watch(int watcher_id, PyObject* dict)
     if (validate_watcher_id(interp, watcher_id)) {
         return -1;
     }
-    ((PyDictObject*)dict)->ma_version_tag |= (1LL << watcher_id);
+    ((PyDictObject*)dict)->_ma_watcher_tag |= (1LL << watcher_id);
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -7383,7 +7462,7 @@ PyDict_Unwatch(int watcher_id, PyObject* dict)
     if (validate_watcher_id(interp, watcher_id)) {
         return -1;
     }
-    ((PyDictObject*)dict)->ma_version_tag &= ~(1LL << watcher_id);
+    ((PyDictObject*)dict)->_ma_watcher_tag &= ~(1LL << watcher_id);
     return 0;
 }
 
diff --git a/Objects/exceptions.c b/Objects/exceptions.c
index 3a72cce1dff0c7..6fbe0f197eaebf 100644
--- a/Objects/exceptions.c
+++ b/Objects/exceptions.c
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ BaseException_str(PyBaseExceptionObject *self)
 {
     switch (PyTuple_GET_SIZE(self->args)) {
     case 0:
-        return PyUnicode_FromString("");
+        return Py_GetConstant(Py_CONSTANT_EMPTY_STR);
     case 1:
         return PyObject_Str(PyTuple_GET_ITEM(self->args, 0));
     default:
@@ -545,10 +545,10 @@ static PyTypeObject _PyExc_ ## EXCNAME = { \
 }; \
 PyObject *PyExc_ ## EXCNAME = (PyObject *)&_PyExc_ ## EXCNAME
 
-#define MiddlingExtendsException(EXCBASE, EXCNAME, EXCSTORE, EXCDOC) \
-static PyTypeObject _PyExc_ ## EXCNAME = { \
+#define MiddlingExtendsExceptionEx(EXCBASE, EXCNAME, PYEXCNAME, EXCSTORE, EXCDOC) \
+PyTypeObject _PyExc_ ## EXCNAME = { \
     PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0) \
-    # EXCNAME, \
+    # PYEXCNAME, \
     sizeof(Py ## EXCSTORE ## Object), \
     0, (destructor)EXCSTORE ## _dealloc, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, \
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, \
@@ -557,8 +557,12 @@ static PyTypeObject _PyExc_ ## EXCNAME = { \
     (inquiry)EXCSTORE ## _clear, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, &_ ## EXCBASE, \
     0, 0, 0, offsetof(Py ## EXCSTORE ## Object, dict), \
     (initproc)EXCSTORE ## _init, 0, 0, \
-}; \
-PyObject *PyExc_ ## EXCNAME = (PyObject *)&_PyExc_ ## EXCNAME
+};
+
+#define MiddlingExtendsException(EXCBASE, EXCNAME, EXCSTORE, EXCDOC) \
+    static MiddlingExtendsExceptionEx( \
+        EXCBASE, EXCNAME, EXCNAME, EXCSTORE, EXCDOC); \
+    PyObject *PyExc_ ## EXCNAME = (PyObject *)&_PyExc_ ## EXCNAME
 
 #define ComplexExtendsException(EXCBASE, EXCNAME, EXCSTORE, EXCNEW, \
                                 EXCMETHODS, EXCMEMBERS, EXCGETSET, \
@@ -2608,8 +2612,8 @@ MiddlingExtendsException(PyExc_IndentationError, TabError, SyntaxError,
 /*
  *    IncompleteInputError extends SyntaxError
  */
-MiddlingExtendsException(PyExc_SyntaxError, IncompleteInputError, SyntaxError,
-                         "incomplete input.");
+MiddlingExtendsExceptionEx(PyExc_SyntaxError, IncompleteInputError, _IncompleteInputError,
+                           SyntaxError, "incomplete input.");
 
 /*
  *    LookupError extends Exception
@@ -2990,46 +2994,55 @@ UnicodeEncodeError_init(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
 static PyObject *
 UnicodeEncodeError_str(PyObject *self)
 {
-    PyUnicodeErrorObject *uself = (PyUnicodeErrorObject *)self;
+    PyUnicodeErrorObject *exc = (PyUnicodeErrorObject *)self;
     PyObject *result = NULL;
     PyObject *reason_str = NULL;
     PyObject *encoding_str = NULL;
 
-    if (!uself->object)
+    if (exc->object == NULL) {
         /* Not properly initialized. */
-        return PyUnicode_FromString("");
+        return Py_GetConstant(Py_CONSTANT_EMPTY_STR);
+    }
 
     /* Get reason and encoding as strings, which they might not be if
        they've been modified after we were constructed. */
-    reason_str = PyObject_Str(uself->reason);
-    if (reason_str == NULL)
+    reason_str = PyObject_Str(exc->reason);
+    if (reason_str == NULL) {
         goto done;
-    encoding_str = PyObject_Str(uself->encoding);
-    if (encoding_str == NULL)
+    }
+    encoding_str = PyObject_Str(exc->encoding);
+    if (encoding_str == NULL) {
         goto done;
+    }
 
-    if (uself->start < PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(uself->object) && uself->end == uself->start+1) {
-        Py_UCS4 badchar = PyUnicode_ReadChar(uself->object, uself->start);
+    Py_ssize_t len = PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(exc->object);
+    Py_ssize_t start = exc->start, end = exc->end;
+
+    if ((start >= 0 && start < len) && (end >= 0 && end <= len) && end == start + 1) {
+        Py_UCS4 badchar = PyUnicode_ReadChar(exc->object, start);
         const char *fmt;
-        if (badchar <= 0xff)
+        if (badchar <= 0xff) {
             fmt = "'%U' codec can't encode character '\\x%02x' in position %zd: %U";
-        else if (badchar <= 0xffff)
+        }
+        else if (badchar <= 0xffff) {
             fmt = "'%U' codec can't encode character '\\u%04x' in position %zd: %U";
-        else
+        }
+        else {
             fmt = "'%U' codec can't encode character '\\U%08x' in position %zd: %U";
+        }
         result = PyUnicode_FromFormat(
             fmt,
             encoding_str,
             (int)badchar,
-            uself->start,
+            start,
             reason_str);
     }
     else {
         result = PyUnicode_FromFormat(
             "'%U' codec can't encode characters in position %zd-%zd: %U",
             encoding_str,
-            uself->start,
-            uself->end-1,
+            start,
+            end - 1,
             reason_str);
     }
 done:
@@ -3103,41 +3116,46 @@ UnicodeDecodeError_init(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
 static PyObject *
 UnicodeDecodeError_str(PyObject *self)
 {
-    PyUnicodeErrorObject *uself = (PyUnicodeErrorObject *)self;
+    PyUnicodeErrorObject *exc = (PyUnicodeErrorObject *)self;
     PyObject *result = NULL;
     PyObject *reason_str = NULL;
     PyObject *encoding_str = NULL;
 
-    if (!uself->object)
+    if (exc->object == NULL) {
         /* Not properly initialized. */
-        return PyUnicode_FromString("");
+        return Py_GetConstant(Py_CONSTANT_EMPTY_STR);
+    }
 
     /* Get reason and encoding as strings, which they might not be if
        they've been modified after we were constructed. */
-    reason_str = PyObject_Str(uself->reason);
-    if (reason_str == NULL)
+    reason_str = PyObject_Str(exc->reason);
+    if (reason_str == NULL) {
         goto done;
-    encoding_str = PyObject_Str(uself->encoding);
-    if (encoding_str == NULL)
+    }
+    encoding_str = PyObject_Str(exc->encoding);
+    if (encoding_str == NULL) {
         goto done;
+    }
 
-    if (uself->start < PyBytes_GET_SIZE(uself->object) && uself->end == uself->start+1) {
-        int byte = (int)(PyBytes_AS_STRING(((PyUnicodeErrorObject *)self)->object)[uself->start]&0xff);
+    Py_ssize_t len = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(exc->object);
+    Py_ssize_t start = exc->start, end = exc->end;
+
+    if ((start >= 0 && start < len) && (end >= 0 && end <= len) && end == start + 1) {
+        int badbyte = (int)(PyBytes_AS_STRING(exc->object)[start] & 0xff);
         result = PyUnicode_FromFormat(
             "'%U' codec can't decode byte 0x%02x in position %zd: %U",
             encoding_str,
-            byte,
-            uself->start,
+            badbyte,
+            start,
             reason_str);
     }
     else {
         result = PyUnicode_FromFormat(
             "'%U' codec can't decode bytes in position %zd-%zd: %U",
             encoding_str,
-            uself->start,
-            uself->end-1,
-            reason_str
-            );
+            start,
+            end - 1,
+            reason_str);
     }
 done:
     Py_XDECREF(reason_str);
@@ -3200,42 +3218,49 @@ UnicodeTranslateError_init(PyUnicodeErrorObject *self, PyObject *args,
 static PyObject *
 UnicodeTranslateError_str(PyObject *self)
 {
-    PyUnicodeErrorObject *uself = (PyUnicodeErrorObject *)self;
+    PyUnicodeErrorObject *exc = (PyUnicodeErrorObject *)self;
     PyObject *result = NULL;
     PyObject *reason_str = NULL;
 
-    if (!uself->object)
+    if (exc->object == NULL) {
         /* Not properly initialized. */
-        return PyUnicode_FromString("");
+        return Py_GetConstant(Py_CONSTANT_EMPTY_STR);
+    }
 
     /* Get reason as a string, which it might not be if it's been
        modified after we were constructed. */
-    reason_str = PyObject_Str(uself->reason);
-    if (reason_str == NULL)
+    reason_str = PyObject_Str(exc->reason);
+    if (reason_str == NULL) {
         goto done;
+    }
 
-    if (uself->start < PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(uself->object) && uself->end == uself->start+1) {
-        Py_UCS4 badchar = PyUnicode_ReadChar(uself->object, uself->start);
+    Py_ssize_t len = PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(exc->object);
+    Py_ssize_t start = exc->start, end = exc->end;
+
+    if ((start >= 0 && start < len) && (end >= 0 && end <= len) && end == start + 1) {
+        Py_UCS4 badchar = PyUnicode_ReadChar(exc->object, start);
         const char *fmt;
-        if (badchar <= 0xff)
+        if (badchar <= 0xff) {
             fmt = "can't translate character '\\x%02x' in position %zd: %U";
-        else if (badchar <= 0xffff)
+        }
+        else if (badchar <= 0xffff) {
             fmt = "can't translate character '\\u%04x' in position %zd: %U";
-        else
+        }
+        else {
             fmt = "can't translate character '\\U%08x' in position %zd: %U";
+        }
         result = PyUnicode_FromFormat(
             fmt,
             (int)badchar,
-            uself->start,
-            reason_str
-        );
-    } else {
+            start,
+            reason_str);
+    }
+    else {
         result = PyUnicode_FromFormat(
             "can't translate characters in position %zd-%zd: %U",
-            uself->start,
-            uself->end-1,
-            reason_str
-            );
+            start,
+            end - 1,
+            reason_str);
     }
 done:
     Py_XDECREF(reason_str);
@@ -3283,7 +3308,7 @@ SimpleExtendsException(PyExc_Exception, ArithmeticError,
  *    FloatingPointError extends ArithmeticError
  */
 SimpleExtendsException(PyExc_ArithmeticError, FloatingPointError,
-                       "Floating point operation failed.");
+                       "Floating-point operation failed.");
 
 
 /*
@@ -3383,8 +3408,9 @@ _PyErr_NoMemory(PyThreadState *tstate)
 }
 
 static void
-MemoryError_dealloc(PyBaseExceptionObject *self)
+MemoryError_dealloc(PyObject *obj)
 {
+    PyBaseExceptionObject *self = (PyBaseExceptionObject *)obj;
     _PyObject_GC_UNTRACK(self);
 
     BaseException_clear(self);
@@ -3443,7 +3469,7 @@ PyTypeObject _PyExc_MemoryError = {
     PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0)
     "MemoryError",
     sizeof(PyBaseExceptionObject),
-    0, (destructor)MemoryError_dealloc, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, MemoryError_dealloc, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC,
     PyDoc_STR("Out of memory."), (traverseproc)BaseException_traverse,
@@ -3675,7 +3701,7 @@ static struct static_exception static_exceptions[] = {
 
     // Level 4: Other subclasses
     ITEM(IndentationError), // base: SyntaxError(Exception)
-    ITEM(IncompleteInputError), // base: SyntaxError(Exception)
+    {&_PyExc_IncompleteInputError, "_IncompleteInputError"}, // base: SyntaxError(Exception)
     ITEM(IndexError),  // base: LookupError(Exception)
     ITEM(KeyError),  // base: LookupError(Exception)
     ITEM(ModuleNotFoundError), // base: ImportError(Exception)
diff --git a/Objects/fileobject.c b/Objects/fileobject.c
index bae49d367b65ee..c377d1bb28b56f 100644
--- a/Objects/fileobject.c
+++ b/Objects/fileobject.c
@@ -462,7 +462,7 @@ PyTypeObject PyStdPrinter_Type = {
     0,                                          /* tp_init */
     PyType_GenericAlloc,                        /* tp_alloc */
     0,                                          /* tp_new */
-    PyObject_Del,                               /* tp_free */
+    PyObject_Free,                              /* tp_free */
 };
 
 
diff --git a/Objects/floatobject.c b/Objects/floatobject.c
index 2627ba80eed8ca..d66863febe8c86 100644
--- a/Objects/floatobject.c
+++ b/Objects/floatobject.c
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@
 #include "pycore_abstract.h"      // _PyNumber_Index()
 #include "pycore_dtoa.h"          // _Py_dg_dtoa()
 #include "pycore_floatobject.h"   // _PyFloat_FormatAdvancedWriter()
+#include "pycore_freelist.h"      // _Py_FREELIST_FREE(), _Py_FREELIST_POP()
 #include "pycore_initconfig.h"    // _PyStatus_OK()
-#include "pycore_interp.h"        // _Py_float_freelist
 #include "pycore_long.h"          // _PyLong_GetOne()
 #include "pycore_modsupport.h"    // _PyArg_NoKwnames()
 #include "pycore_object.h"        // _PyObject_Init(), _PyDebugAllocatorStats()
@@ -26,16 +26,6 @@ class float "PyObject *" "&PyFloat_Type"
 
 #include "clinic/floatobject.c.h"
 
-#ifdef WITH_FREELISTS
-static struct _Py_float_freelist *
-get_float_freelist(void)
-{
-    struct _Py_object_freelists *freelists = _Py_object_freelists_GET();
-    assert(freelists != NULL);
-    return &freelists->floats;
-}
-#endif
-
 
 double
 PyFloat_GetMax(void)
@@ -132,28 +122,53 @@ PyFloat_GetInfo(void)
 PyObject *
 PyFloat_FromDouble(double fval)
 {
-    PyFloatObject *op;
-#ifdef WITH_FREELISTS
-    struct _Py_float_freelist *float_freelist = get_float_freelist();
-    op = float_freelist->items;
-    if (op != NULL) {
-        float_freelist->items = (PyFloatObject *) Py_TYPE(op);
-        float_freelist->numfree--;
-        OBJECT_STAT_INC(from_freelist);
-    }
-    else
-#endif
-    {
+    PyFloatObject *op = _Py_FREELIST_POP(PyFloatObject, floats);
+    if (op == NULL) {
         op = PyObject_Malloc(sizeof(PyFloatObject));
         if (!op) {
             return PyErr_NoMemory();
         }
+        _PyObject_Init((PyObject*)op, &PyFloat_Type);
     }
-    _PyObject_Init((PyObject*)op, &PyFloat_Type);
     op->ob_fval = fval;
     return (PyObject *) op;
 }
 
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+
+PyObject *_PyFloat_FromDouble_ConsumeInputs(_PyStackRef left, _PyStackRef right, double value)
+{
+    PyStackRef_CLOSE(left);
+    PyStackRef_CLOSE(right);
+    return PyFloat_FromDouble(value);
+}
+
+#else // Py_GIL_DISABLED
+
+PyObject *_PyFloat_FromDouble_ConsumeInputs(_PyStackRef left, _PyStackRef right, double value)
+{
+    PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(left);
+    PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(right);
+    if (Py_REFCNT(left_o) == 1) {
+        ((PyFloatObject *)left_o)->ob_fval = value;
+        _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(right_o, _PyFloat_ExactDealloc);
+        return left_o;
+    }
+    else if (Py_REFCNT(right_o) == 1)  {
+        ((PyFloatObject *)right_o)->ob_fval = value;
+        _Py_DECREF_NO_DEALLOC(left_o);
+        return right_o;
+    }
+    else {
+        PyObject *result = PyFloat_FromDouble(value);
+        _Py_DECREF_NO_DEALLOC(left_o);
+        _Py_DECREF_NO_DEALLOC(right_o);
+        return result;
+    }
+}
+
+#endif // Py_GIL_DISABLED
+
 static PyObject *
 float_from_string_inner(const char *s, Py_ssize_t len, void *obj)
 {
@@ -248,35 +263,17 @@ void
 _PyFloat_ExactDealloc(PyObject *obj)
 {
     assert(PyFloat_CheckExact(obj));
-    PyFloatObject *op = (PyFloatObject *)obj;
-#ifdef WITH_FREELISTS
-    struct _Py_float_freelist *float_freelist = get_float_freelist();
-    if (float_freelist->numfree >= PyFloat_MAXFREELIST || float_freelist->numfree < 0) {
-        PyObject_Free(op);
-        return;
-    }
-    float_freelist->numfree++;
-    Py_SET_TYPE(op, (PyTypeObject *)float_freelist->items);
-    float_freelist->items = op;
-    OBJECT_STAT_INC(to_freelist);
-#else
-    PyObject_Free(op);
-#endif
+    _Py_FREELIST_FREE(floats, obj, PyObject_Free);
 }
 
 static void
 float_dealloc(PyObject *op)
 {
     assert(PyFloat_Check(op));
-#ifdef WITH_FREELISTS
-    if (PyFloat_CheckExact(op)) {
+    if (PyFloat_CheckExact(op))
         _PyFloat_ExactDealloc(op);
-    }
     else
-#endif
-    {
         Py_TYPE(op)->tp_free(op);
-    }
 }
 
 double
@@ -432,7 +429,6 @@ float_richcompare(PyObject *v, PyObject *w, int op)
     else if (PyLong_Check(w)) {
         int vsign = i == 0.0 ? 0 : i < 0.0 ? -1 : 1;
         int wsign = _PyLong_Sign(w);
-        size_t nbits;
         int exponent;
 
         if (vsign != wsign) {
@@ -445,20 +441,22 @@ float_richcompare(PyObject *v, PyObject *w, int op)
         }
         /* The signs are the same. */
         /* Convert w to a double if it fits.  In particular, 0 fits. */
-        nbits = _PyLong_NumBits(w);
-        if (nbits == (size_t)-1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
-            /* This long is so large that size_t isn't big enough
-             * to hold the # of bits.  Replace with little doubles
+        int64_t nbits64 = _PyLong_NumBits(w);
+        assert(nbits64 >= 0);
+        assert(!PyErr_Occurred());
+        if (nbits64 > DBL_MAX_EXP) {
+            /* This Python integer is larger than any finite C double.
+             * Replace with little doubles
              * that give the same outcome -- w is so large that
              * its magnitude must exceed the magnitude of any
              * finite float.
              */
-            PyErr_Clear();
             i = (double)vsign;
             assert(wsign != 0);
             j = wsign * 2.0;
             goto Compare;
         }
+        int nbits = (int)nbits64;
         if (nbits <= 48) {
             j = PyLong_AsDouble(w);
             /* It's impossible that <= 48 bits overflowed. */
@@ -482,12 +480,12 @@ float_richcompare(PyObject *v, PyObject *w, int op)
         /* exponent is the # of bits in v before the radix point;
          * we know that nbits (the # of bits in w) > 48 at this point
          */
-        if (exponent < 0 || (size_t)exponent < nbits) {
+        if (exponent < nbits) {
             i = 1.0;
             j = 2.0;
             goto Compare;
         }
-        if ((size_t)exponent > nbits) {
+        if (exponent > nbits) {
             i = 2.0;
             j = 1.0;
             goto Compare;
@@ -1142,69 +1140,39 @@ char_from_hex(int x)
     return Py_hexdigits[x];
 }
 
+/* This table maps characters to their hexadecimal values, only
+ * works with encodings whose lower half is ASCII (like UTF-8).
+ * '0' maps to 0, ..., '9' maps to 9.
+ * 'a' and 'A' map to 10, ..., 'f' and 'F' map to 15.
+ * All other indices map to -1.
+ */
+static const int
+_CHAR_TO_HEX[256] = {
+    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+    0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9,  -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+    -1, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+    -1, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+};
+
+/* Convert a character to its hexadecimal value, or -1 if it's not a
+ * valid hexadecimal character, only works with encodings whose lower
+ * half is ASCII (like UTF-8).
+ */
 static int
-hex_from_char(char c) {
-    int x;
-    switch(c) {
-    case '0':
-        x = 0;
-        break;
-    case '1':
-        x = 1;
-        break;
-    case '2':
-        x = 2;
-        break;
-    case '3':
-        x = 3;
-        break;
-    case '4':
-        x = 4;
-        break;
-    case '5':
-        x = 5;
-        break;
-    case '6':
-        x = 6;
-        break;
-    case '7':
-        x = 7;
-        break;
-    case '8':
-        x = 8;
-        break;
-    case '9':
-        x = 9;
-        break;
-    case 'a':
-    case 'A':
-        x = 10;
-        break;
-    case 'b':
-    case 'B':
-        x = 11;
-        break;
-    case 'c':
-    case 'C':
-        x = 12;
-        break;
-    case 'd':
-    case 'D':
-        x = 13;
-        break;
-    case 'e':
-    case 'E':
-        x = 14;
-        break;
-    case 'f':
-    case 'F':
-        x = 15;
-        break;
-    default:
-        x = -1;
-        break;
-    }
-    return x;
+hex_from_char(unsigned char c) {
+    return _CHAR_TO_HEX[c];
 }
 
 /* convert a float to a hexadecimal string */
@@ -1632,12 +1600,12 @@ float.__new__ as float_new
     x: object(c_default="NULL") = 0
     /
 
-Convert a string or number to a floating point number, if possible.
+Convert a string or number to a floating-point number, if possible.
 [clinic start generated code]*/
 
 static PyObject *
 float_new_impl(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *x)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=ccf1e8dc460ba6ba input=f43661b7de03e9d8]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=ccf1e8dc460ba6ba input=55909f888aa0c8a6]*/
 {
     if (type != &PyFloat_Type) {
         if (x == NULL) {
@@ -1699,6 +1667,36 @@ float_vectorcall(PyObject *type, PyObject * const*args,
 }
 
 
+/*[clinic input]
+@classmethod
+float.from_number
+
+    number: object
+    /
+
+Convert real number to a floating-point number.
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+
+static PyObject *
+float_from_number(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *number)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=bbcf05529fe907a3 input=1f8424d9bc11866a]*/
+{
+    if (PyFloat_CheckExact(number) && type == &PyFloat_Type) {
+        Py_INCREF(number);
+        return number;
+    }
+    double x = PyFloat_AsDouble(number);
+    if (x == -1.0 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    PyObject *result = PyFloat_FromDouble(x);
+    if (type != &PyFloat_Type && result != NULL) {
+        Py_SETREF(result, PyObject_CallOneArg((PyObject *)type, result));
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+
 /*[clinic input]
 float.__getnewargs__
 [clinic start generated code]*/
@@ -1733,13 +1731,13 @@ You probably don't want to use this function.
 It exists mainly to be used in Python's test suite.
 
 This function returns whichever of 'unknown', 'IEEE, big-endian' or 'IEEE,
-little-endian' best describes the format of floating point numbers used by the
+little-endian' best describes the format of floating-point numbers used by the
 C type named by typestr.
 [clinic start generated code]*/
 
 static PyObject *
 float___getformat___impl(PyTypeObject *type, const char *typestr)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=2bfb987228cc9628 input=d5a52600f835ad67]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=2bfb987228cc9628 input=90d5e246409a246e]*/
 {
     float_format_type r;
 
@@ -1812,6 +1810,7 @@ float___format___impl(PyObject *self, PyObject *format_spec)
 }
 
 static PyMethodDef float_methods[] = {
+    FLOAT_FROM_NUMBER_METHODDEF
     FLOAT_CONJUGATE_METHODDEF
     FLOAT___TRUNC___METHODDEF
     FLOAT___FLOOR___METHODDEF
@@ -1925,7 +1924,7 @@ _init_global_state(void)
     float_format_type detected_double_format, detected_float_format;
 
     /* We attempt to determine if this machine is using IEEE
-       floating point formats by peering at the bits of some
+       floating-point formats by peering at the bits of some
        carefully chosen values.  If it looks like we are on an
        IEEE platform, the float packing/unpacking routines can
        just copy bits, if not they resort to arithmetic & shifts
@@ -1993,27 +1992,6 @@ _PyFloat_InitTypes(PyInterpreterState *interp)
     return _PyStatus_OK();
 }
 
-void
-_PyFloat_ClearFreeList(struct _Py_object_freelists *freelists, int is_finalization)
-{
-#ifdef WITH_FREELISTS
-    struct _Py_float_freelist *state = &freelists->floats;
-    PyFloatObject *f = state->items;
-    while (f != NULL) {
-        PyFloatObject *next = (PyFloatObject*) Py_TYPE(f);
-        PyObject_Free(f);
-        f = next;
-    }
-    state->items = NULL;
-    if (is_finalization) {
-        state->numfree = -1;
-    }
-    else {
-        state->numfree = 0;
-    }
-#endif
-}
-
 void
 _PyFloat_FiniType(PyInterpreterState *interp)
 {
@@ -2024,12 +2002,10 @@ _PyFloat_FiniType(PyInterpreterState *interp)
 void
 _PyFloat_DebugMallocStats(FILE *out)
 {
-#ifdef WITH_FREELISTS
-    struct _Py_float_freelist *float_freelist = get_float_freelist();
     _PyDebugAllocatorStats(out,
                            "free PyFloatObject",
-                           float_freelist->numfree, sizeof(PyFloatObject));
-#endif
+                           _Py_FREELIST_SIZE(floats),
+                           sizeof(PyFloatObject));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/Objects/frameobject.c b/Objects/frameobject.c
index 5c65007dae46d2..af2a2ef18e627a 100644
--- a/Objects/frameobject.c
+++ b/Objects/frameobject.c
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 /* Frame object implementation */
 
 #include "Python.h"
-#include "pycore_ceval.h"         // _PyEval_BuiltinsFromGlobals()
+#include "pycore_ceval.h"         // _PyEval_SetOpcodeTrace()
 #include "pycore_code.h"          // CO_FAST_LOCAL, etc.
+#include "pycore_dict.h"          // _PyDict_LoadBuiltinsFromGlobals()
 #include "pycore_function.h"      // _PyFunction_FromConstructor()
 #include "pycore_moduleobject.h"  // _PyModule_GetDict()
+#include "pycore_modsupport.h"    // _PyArg_CheckPositional()
 #include "pycore_object.h"        // _PyObject_GC_UNTRACK()
 #include "pycore_opcode_metadata.h" // _PyOpcode_Deopt, _PyOpcode_Caches
 
@@ -21,10 +23,10 @@
 static PyObject *
 framelocalsproxy_getval(_PyInterpreterFrame *frame, PyCodeObject *co, int i)
 {
-    PyObject **fast = _PyFrame_GetLocalsArray(frame);
+    _PyStackRef *fast = _PyFrame_GetLocalsArray(frame);
     _PyLocals_Kind kind = _PyLocals_GetKind(co->co_localspluskinds, i);
 
-    PyObject *value = fast[i];
+    PyObject *value = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(fast[i]);
     PyObject *cell = NULL;
 
     if (value == NULL) {
@@ -53,22 +55,27 @@ static int
 framelocalsproxy_getkeyindex(PyFrameObject *frame, PyObject* key, bool read)
 {
     /*
-     * Returns the fast locals index of the key
+     * Returns -2 (!) if an error occurred; exception will be set.
+     * Returns the fast locals index of the key on success:
      *   - if read == true, returns the index if the value is not NULL
      *   - if read == false, returns the index if the value is not hidden
+     * Otherwise returns -1.
      */
 
-    assert(PyUnicode_CheckExact(key));
-
     PyCodeObject *co = _PyFrame_GetCode(frame->f_frame);
-    int found_key = false;
+
+    // Ensure that the key is hashable.
+    Py_hash_t key_hash = PyObject_Hash(key);
+    if (key_hash == -1) {
+        return -2;
+    }
+    bool found = false;
 
     // We do 2 loops here because it's highly possible the key is interned
     // and we can do a pointer comparison.
     for (int i = 0; i < co->co_nlocalsplus; i++) {
         PyObject *name = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(co->co_localsplusnames, i);
         if (name == key) {
-            found_key = true;
             if (read) {
                 if (framelocalsproxy_getval(frame->f_frame, co, i) != NULL) {
                     return i;
@@ -78,23 +85,35 @@ framelocalsproxy_getkeyindex(PyFrameObject *frame, PyObject* key, bool read)
                     return i;
                 }
             }
+            found = true;
         }
     }
-
-    if (!found_key) {
-        // This is unlikely, but we need to make sure. This means the key
-        // is not interned.
-        for (int i = 0; i < co->co_nlocalsplus; i++) {
-            PyObject *name = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(co->co_localsplusnames, i);
-            if (_PyUnicode_EQ(name, key)) {
-                if (read) {
-                    if (framelocalsproxy_getval(frame->f_frame, co, i) != NULL) {
-                        return i;
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    if (!(_PyLocals_GetKind(co->co_localspluskinds, i) & CO_FAST_HIDDEN)) {
-                        return i;
-                    }
+    if (found) {
+        // This is an attempt to read an unset local variable or
+        // write to a variable that is hidden from regular write operations
+        return -1;
+    }
+    // This is unlikely, but we need to make sure. This means the key
+    // is not interned.
+    for (int i = 0; i < co->co_nlocalsplus; i++) {
+        PyObject *name = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(co->co_localsplusnames, i);
+        Py_hash_t name_hash = PyObject_Hash(name);
+        assert(name_hash != -1);  // keys are exact unicode
+        if (name_hash != key_hash) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        int same = PyObject_RichCompareBool(name, key, Py_EQ);
+        if (same < 0) {
+            return -2;
+        }
+        if (same) {
+            if (read) {
+                if (framelocalsproxy_getval(frame->f_frame, co, i) != NULL) {
+                    return i;
+                }
+            } else {
+                if (!(_PyLocals_GetKind(co->co_localspluskinds, i) & CO_FAST_HIDDEN)) {
+                    return i;
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -109,13 +128,14 @@ framelocalsproxy_getitem(PyObject *self, PyObject *key)
     PyFrameObject* frame = ((PyFrameLocalsProxyObject*)self)->frame;
     PyCodeObject* co = _PyFrame_GetCode(frame->f_frame);
 
-    if (PyUnicode_CheckExact(key)) {
-        int i = framelocalsproxy_getkeyindex(frame, key, true);
-        if (i >= 0) {
-            PyObject *value = framelocalsproxy_getval(frame->f_frame, co, i);
-            assert(value != NULL);
-            return Py_NewRef(value);
-        }
+    int i = framelocalsproxy_getkeyindex(frame, key, true);
+    if (i == -2) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if (i >= 0) {
+        PyObject *value = framelocalsproxy_getval(frame->f_frame, co, i);
+        assert(value != NULL);
+        return Py_NewRef(value);
     }
 
     // Okay not in the fast locals, try extra locals
@@ -136,44 +156,47 @@ static int
 framelocalsproxy_setitem(PyObject *self, PyObject *key, PyObject *value)
 {
     /* Merge locals into fast locals */
-    PyFrameObject* frame = ((PyFrameLocalsProxyObject*)self)->frame;
-    PyObject** fast = _PyFrame_GetLocalsArray(frame->f_frame);
-    PyCodeObject* co = _PyFrame_GetCode(frame->f_frame);
+    PyFrameObject *frame = ((PyFrameLocalsProxyObject*)self)->frame;
+    _PyStackRef *fast = _PyFrame_GetLocalsArray(frame->f_frame);
+    PyCodeObject *co = _PyFrame_GetCode(frame->f_frame);
 
-    if (value == NULL) {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "cannot remove variables from FrameLocalsProxy");
+    int i = framelocalsproxy_getkeyindex(frame, key, false);
+    if (i == -2) {
         return -1;
     }
+    if (i >= 0) {
+        if (value == NULL) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "cannot remove local variables from FrameLocalsProxy");
+            return -1;
+        }
 
-    if (PyUnicode_CheckExact(key)) {
-        int i = framelocalsproxy_getkeyindex(frame, key, false);
-        if (i >= 0) {
-            _Py_Executors_InvalidateDependency(PyInterpreterState_Get(), co, 1);
-
-            _PyLocals_Kind kind = _PyLocals_GetKind(co->co_localspluskinds, i);
-            PyObject *oldvalue = fast[i];
-            PyObject *cell = NULL;
-            if (kind == CO_FAST_FREE) {
-                // The cell was set when the frame was created from
-                // the function's closure.
-                assert(oldvalue != NULL && PyCell_Check(oldvalue));
-                cell = oldvalue;
-            } else if (kind & CO_FAST_CELL && oldvalue != NULL) {
-                if (PyCell_Check(oldvalue)) {
-                    cell = oldvalue;
-                }
+        _Py_Executors_InvalidateDependency(PyInterpreterState_Get(), co, 1);
+
+        _PyLocals_Kind kind = _PyLocals_GetKind(co->co_localspluskinds, i);
+        _PyStackRef oldvalue = fast[i];
+        PyObject *cell = NULL;
+        if (kind == CO_FAST_FREE) {
+            // The cell was set when the frame was created from
+            // the function's closure.
+            assert(oldvalue.bits != 0 && PyCell_Check(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(oldvalue)));
+            cell = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(oldvalue);
+        } else if (kind & CO_FAST_CELL && oldvalue.bits != 0) {
+            PyObject *as_obj = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(oldvalue);
+            if (PyCell_Check(as_obj)) {
+                cell = as_obj;
             }
-            if (cell != NULL) {
-                oldvalue = PyCell_GET(cell);
-                if (value != oldvalue) {
-                    PyCell_SET(cell, Py_XNewRef(value));
-                    Py_XDECREF(oldvalue);
-                }
-            } else if (value != oldvalue) {
-                Py_XSETREF(fast[i], Py_NewRef(value));
+        }
+        if (cell != NULL) {
+            PyObject *oldvalue_o = PyCell_GET(cell);
+            if (value != oldvalue_o) {
+                PyCell_SET(cell, Py_XNewRef(value));
+                Py_XDECREF(oldvalue_o);
             }
-            return 0;
+        } else if (value != PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(oldvalue)) {
+            PyStackRef_XCLOSE(fast[i]);
+            fast[i] = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(value);
         }
+        return 0;
     }
 
     // Okay not in the fast locals, try extra locals
@@ -181,6 +204,10 @@ framelocalsproxy_setitem(PyObject *self, PyObject *key, PyObject *value)
     PyObject *extra = frame->f_extra_locals;
 
     if (extra == NULL) {
+        if (value == NULL) {
+            _PyErr_SetKeyError(key);
+            return -1;
+        }
         extra = PyDict_New();
         if (extra == NULL) {
             return -1;
@@ -190,7 +217,11 @@ framelocalsproxy_setitem(PyObject *self, PyObject *key, PyObject *value)
 
     assert(PyDict_Check(extra));
 
-    return PyDict_SetItem(extra, key, value);
+    if (value == NULL) {
+        return PyDict_DelItem(extra, key);
+    } else {
+        return PyDict_SetItem(extra, key, value);
+    }
 }
 
 static int
@@ -289,14 +320,31 @@ framelocalsproxy_dealloc(PyObject *self)
 static PyObject *
 framelocalsproxy_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
 {
+    if (PyTuple_GET_SIZE(args) != 1) {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
+                     "FrameLocalsProxy expected 1 argument, got %zd",
+                     PyTuple_GET_SIZE(args));
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    PyObject *item = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args, 0);
+
+    if (!PyFrame_Check(item)) {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "expect frame, not %T", item);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    PyFrameObject *frame = (PyFrameObject*)item;
+
+    if (kwds != NULL && PyDict_Size(kwds) != 0) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "FrameLocalsProxy takes no keyword arguments");
+        return 0;
+    }
+
     PyFrameLocalsProxyObject *self = (PyFrameLocalsProxyObject *)type->tp_alloc(type, 0);
     if (self == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    PyFrameObject *frame = (PyFrameObject*)PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args, 0);
-    assert(PyFrame_Check(frame));
-
     ((PyFrameLocalsProxyObject*)self)->frame = (PyFrameObject*)Py_NewRef(frame);
 
     return (PyObject *)self;
@@ -543,11 +591,12 @@ framelocalsproxy_contains(PyObject *self, PyObject *key)
 {
     PyFrameObject *frame = ((PyFrameLocalsProxyObject*)self)->frame;
 
-    if (PyUnicode_CheckExact(key)) {
-        int i = framelocalsproxy_getkeyindex(frame, key, true);
-        if (i >= 0) {
-            return 1;
-        }
+    int i = framelocalsproxy_getkeyindex(frame, key, true);
+    if (i == -2) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    if (i >= 0) {
+        return 1;
     }
 
     PyObject *extra = ((PyFrameObject*)frame)->f_extra_locals;
@@ -637,6 +686,59 @@ framelocalsproxy_setdefault(PyObject* self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t na
     return result;
 }
 
+static PyObject*
+framelocalsproxy_pop(PyObject* self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
+{
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("pop", nargs, 1, 2)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    PyObject *key = args[0];
+    PyObject *default_value = NULL;
+
+    if (nargs == 2) {
+        default_value = args[1];
+    }
+
+    PyFrameObject *frame = ((PyFrameLocalsProxyObject*)self)->frame;
+
+    int i = framelocalsproxy_getkeyindex(frame, key, false);
+    if (i == -2) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    if (i >= 0) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "cannot remove local variables from FrameLocalsProxy");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    PyObject *result = NULL;
+
+    if (frame->f_extra_locals == NULL) {
+        if (default_value != NULL) {
+            return Py_XNewRef(default_value);
+        } else {
+            _PyErr_SetKeyError(key);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (PyDict_Pop(frame->f_extra_locals, key, &result) < 0) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    if (result == NULL) {
+        if (default_value != NULL) {
+            return Py_XNewRef(default_value);
+        } else {
+            _PyErr_SetKeyError(key);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
 static PyObject*
 framelocalsproxy_copy(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
@@ -704,6 +806,8 @@ static PyMethodDef framelocalsproxy_methods[] = {
      NULL},
     {"get",          _PyCFunction_CAST(framelocalsproxy_get),            METH_FASTCALL,
      NULL},
+    {"pop",          _PyCFunction_CAST(framelocalsproxy_pop),            METH_FASTCALL,
+     NULL},
     {"setdefault",   _PyCFunction_CAST(framelocalsproxy_setdefault),     METH_FASTCALL,
      NULL},
     {NULL,            NULL}   /* sentinel */
@@ -720,7 +824,7 @@ PyTypeObject PyFrameLocalsProxy_Type = {
     .tp_as_mapping = &framelocalsproxy_as_mapping,
     .tp_getattro = PyObject_GenericGetAttr,
     .tp_setattro = PyObject_GenericSetAttr,
-    .tp_flags = Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC,
+    .tp_flags = Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC | Py_TPFLAGS_MAPPING,
     .tp_traverse = framelocalsproxy_visit,
     .tp_clear = framelocalsproxy_tp_clear,
     .tp_richcompare = framelocalsproxy_richcompare,
@@ -1038,9 +1142,7 @@ mark_stacks(PyCodeObject *code_obj, int len)
     if (co_code == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
-    _Py_CODEUNIT *code = (_Py_CODEUNIT *)PyBytes_AS_STRING(co_code);
     int64_t *stacks = PyMem_New(int64_t, len+1);
-    int i, j, opcode;
 
     if (stacks == NULL) {
         PyErr_NoMemory();
@@ -1055,22 +1157,25 @@ mark_stacks(PyCodeObject *code_obj, int len)
     while (todo) {
         todo = 0;
         /* Scan instructions */
-        for (i = 0; i < len;) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < len;) {
+            int j;
             int64_t next_stack = stacks[i];
-            opcode = _Py_GetBaseOpcode(code_obj, i);
+            _Py_CODEUNIT inst = _Py_GetBaseCodeUnit(code_obj, i);
+            int opcode = inst.op.code;
             int oparg = 0;
             while (opcode == EXTENDED_ARG) {
-                oparg = (oparg << 8) | code[i].op.arg;
+                oparg = (oparg << 8) | inst.op.arg;
                 i++;
-                opcode = _Py_GetBaseOpcode(code_obj, i);
+                inst = _Py_GetBaseCodeUnit(code_obj, i);
+                opcode = inst.op.code;
                 stacks[i] = next_stack;
             }
+            oparg = (oparg << 8) | inst.op.arg;
             int next_i = i + _PyOpcode_Caches[opcode] + 1;
             if (next_stack == UNINITIALIZED) {
                 i = next_i;
                 continue;
             }
-            oparg = (oparg << 8) | code[i].op.arg;
             switch (opcode) {
                 case POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE:
                 case POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE:
@@ -1078,7 +1183,7 @@ mark_stacks(PyCodeObject *code_obj, int len)
                 case POP_JUMP_IF_NOT_NONE:
                 {
                     int64_t target_stack;
-                    int j = next_i + oparg;
+                    j = next_i + oparg;
                     assert(j < len);
                     next_stack = pop_value(next_stack);
                     target_stack = next_stack;
@@ -1338,7 +1443,7 @@ static bool frame_is_suspended(PyFrameObject *frame)
 {
     assert(!_PyFrame_IsIncomplete(frame->f_frame));
     if (frame->f_frame->owner == FRAME_OWNED_BY_GENERATOR) {
-        PyGenObject *gen = _PyFrame_GetGenerator(frame->f_frame);
+        PyGenObject *gen = _PyGen_GetGeneratorFromFrame(frame->f_frame);
         return FRAME_STATE_SUSPENDED(gen->gi_frame_state);
     }
     return false;
@@ -1511,7 +1616,7 @@ frame_setlineno(PyFrameObject *f, PyObject* p_new_lineno, void *Py_UNUSED(ignore
     for (int i = 0; i < code->co_nlocalsplus; i++) {
         // Counting every unbound local is overly-cautious, but a full flow
         // analysis (like we do in the compiler) is probably too expensive:
-        unbound += f->f_frame->localsplus[i] == NULL;
+        unbound += PyStackRef_IsNull(f->f_frame->localsplus[i]);
     }
     if (unbound) {
         const char *e = "assigning None to %d unbound local%s";
@@ -1522,8 +1627,8 @@ frame_setlineno(PyFrameObject *f, PyObject* p_new_lineno, void *Py_UNUSED(ignore
         // Do this in a second pass to avoid writing a bunch of Nones when
         // warnings are being treated as errors and the previous bit raises:
         for (int i = 0; i < code->co_nlocalsplus; i++) {
-            if (f->f_frame->localsplus[i] == NULL) {
-                f->f_frame->localsplus[i] = Py_NewRef(Py_None);
+            if (PyStackRef_IsNull(f->f_frame->localsplus[i])) {
+                f->f_frame->localsplus[i] = PyStackRef_None;
                 unbound--;
             }
         }
@@ -1536,14 +1641,13 @@ frame_setlineno(PyFrameObject *f, PyObject* p_new_lineno, void *Py_UNUSED(ignore
     while (start_stack > best_stack) {
         if (top_of_stack(start_stack) == Except) {
             /* Pop exception stack as well as the evaluation stack */
-            PyObject *exc = _PyFrame_StackPop(f->f_frame);
+            PyObject *exc = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(_PyFrame_StackPop(f->f_frame));
             assert(PyExceptionInstance_Check(exc) || exc == Py_None);
             PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
             Py_XSETREF(tstate->exc_info->exc_value, exc == Py_None ? NULL : exc);
         }
         else {
-            PyObject *v = _PyFrame_StackPop(f->f_frame);
-            Py_XDECREF(v);
+            PyStackRef_XCLOSE(_PyFrame_StackPop(f->f_frame));
         }
         start_stack = pop_value(start_stack);
     }
@@ -1603,8 +1707,6 @@ frame_dealloc(PyFrameObject *f)
     }
 
     Py_TRASHCAN_BEGIN(f, frame_dealloc);
-    PyObject *co = NULL;
-
     /* GH-106092: If f->f_frame was on the stack and we reached the maximum
      * nesting depth for deallocations, the trashcan may have delayed this
      * deallocation until after f->f_frame is freed. Avoid dereferencing
@@ -1613,21 +1715,21 @@ frame_dealloc(PyFrameObject *f)
 
     /* Kill all local variables including specials, if we own them */
     if (f->f_frame == frame && frame->owner == FRAME_OWNED_BY_FRAME_OBJECT) {
-        /* Don't clear code object until the end */
-        co = frame->f_executable;
-        frame->f_executable = NULL;
-        Py_CLEAR(frame->f_funcobj);
+        PyStackRef_CLEAR(frame->f_executable);
+        PyStackRef_CLEAR(frame->f_funcobj);
         Py_CLEAR(frame->f_locals);
-        PyObject **locals = _PyFrame_GetLocalsArray(frame);
-        for (int i = 0; i < frame->stacktop; i++) {
-            Py_CLEAR(locals[i]);
+        _PyStackRef *locals = _PyFrame_GetLocalsArray(frame);
+        _PyStackRef *sp = frame->stackpointer;
+        while (sp > locals) {
+            sp--;
+            PyStackRef_CLEAR(*sp);
         }
     }
     Py_CLEAR(f->f_back);
     Py_CLEAR(f->f_trace);
     Py_CLEAR(f->f_extra_locals);
+    Py_CLEAR(f->f_locals_cache);
     PyObject_GC_Del(f);
-    Py_XDECREF(co);
     Py_TRASHCAN_END;
 }
 
@@ -1637,6 +1739,7 @@ frame_traverse(PyFrameObject *f, visitproc visit, void *arg)
     Py_VISIT(f->f_back);
     Py_VISIT(f->f_trace);
     Py_VISIT(f->f_extra_locals);
+    Py_VISIT(f->f_locals_cache);
     if (f->f_frame->owner != FRAME_OWNED_BY_FRAME_OBJECT) {
         return 0;
     }
@@ -1649,14 +1752,17 @@ frame_tp_clear(PyFrameObject *f)
 {
     Py_CLEAR(f->f_trace);
     Py_CLEAR(f->f_extra_locals);
+    Py_CLEAR(f->f_locals_cache);
 
     /* locals and stack */
-    PyObject **locals = _PyFrame_GetLocalsArray(f->f_frame);
-    assert(f->f_frame->stacktop >= 0);
-    for (int i = 0; i < f->f_frame->stacktop; i++) {
-        Py_CLEAR(locals[i]);
-    }
-    f->f_frame->stacktop = 0;
+    _PyStackRef *locals = _PyFrame_GetLocalsArray(f->f_frame);
+    _PyStackRef *sp = f->f_frame->stackpointer;
+    assert(sp >= locals);
+    while (sp > locals) {
+        sp--;
+        PyStackRef_CLEAR(*sp);
+    }
+    f->f_frame->stackpointer = locals;
     Py_CLEAR(f->f_frame->f_locals);
     return 0;
 }
@@ -1665,7 +1771,7 @@ static PyObject *
 frame_clear(PyFrameObject *f, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
     if (f->f_frame->owner == FRAME_OWNED_BY_GENERATOR) {
-        PyGenObject *gen = _PyFrame_GetGenerator(f->f_frame);
+        PyGenObject *gen = _PyGen_GetGeneratorFromFrame(f->f_frame);
         if (gen->gi_frame_state == FRAME_EXECUTING) {
             goto running;
         }
@@ -1693,7 +1799,7 @@ frame_clear(PyFrameObject *f, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 }
 
 PyDoc_STRVAR(clear__doc__,
-"F.clear(): clear most references held by the frame");
+"F.clear(): clear all references held by the frame");
 
 static PyObject *
 frame_sizeof(PyFrameObject *f, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
@@ -1766,9 +1872,8 @@ static void
 init_frame(_PyInterpreterFrame *frame, PyFunctionObject *func, PyObject *locals)
 {
     PyCodeObject *code = (PyCodeObject *)func->func_code;
-    _PyFrame_Initialize(frame, (PyFunctionObject*)Py_NewRef(func),
-                        Py_XNewRef(locals), code, 0);
-    frame->previous = NULL;
+    _PyFrame_Initialize(frame, PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(func),
+                        Py_XNewRef(locals), code, 0, NULL);
 }
 
 PyFrameObject*
@@ -1786,6 +1891,7 @@ _PyFrame_New_NoTrack(PyCodeObject *code)
     f->f_trace_opcodes = 0;
     f->f_lineno = 0;
     f->f_extra_locals = NULL;
+    f->f_locals_cache = NULL;
     return f;
 }
 
@@ -1794,7 +1900,7 @@ PyFrameObject*
 PyFrame_New(PyThreadState *tstate, PyCodeObject *code,
             PyObject *globals, PyObject *locals)
 {
-    PyObject *builtins = _PyEval_BuiltinsFromGlobals(tstate, globals); // borrowed ref
+    PyObject *builtins = _PyDict_LoadBuiltinsFromGlobals(globals);
     if (builtins == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
@@ -1809,6 +1915,7 @@ PyFrame_New(PyThreadState *tstate, PyCodeObject *code,
         .fc_closure = NULL
     };
     PyFunctionObject *func = _PyFunction_FromConstructor(&desc);
+    _Py_DECREF_BUILTINS(builtins);
     if (func == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
@@ -1837,18 +1944,19 @@ frame_init_get_vars(_PyInterpreterFrame *frame)
     PyCodeObject *co = _PyFrame_GetCode(frame);
     int lasti = _PyInterpreterFrame_LASTI(frame);
     if (!(lasti < 0 && _PyCode_CODE(co)->op.code == COPY_FREE_VARS
-          && PyFunction_Check(frame->f_funcobj)))
+          && PyStackRef_FunctionCheck(frame->f_funcobj)))
     {
         /* Free vars are initialized */
         return;
     }
 
     /* Free vars have not been initialized -- Do that */
-    PyObject *closure = ((PyFunctionObject *)frame->f_funcobj)->func_closure;
+    PyFunctionObject *func = _PyFrame_GetFunction(frame);
+    PyObject *closure = func->func_closure;
     int offset = PyUnstable_Code_GetFirstFree(co);
     for (int i = 0; i < co->co_nfreevars; ++i) {
         PyObject *o = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(closure, i);
-        frame->localsplus[offset + i] = Py_NewRef(o);
+        frame->localsplus[offset + i] = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(o);
     }
     // COPY_FREE_VARS doesn't have inline CACHEs, either:
     frame->instr_ptr = _PyCode_CODE(_PyFrame_GetCode(frame));
@@ -1873,8 +1981,9 @@ frame_get_var(_PyInterpreterFrame *frame, PyCodeObject *co, int i,
         return 0;
     }
 
-    PyObject *value = frame->localsplus[i];
-    if (frame->stacktop) {
+    PyObject *value = NULL;
+    if (frame->stackpointer == NULL || frame->stackpointer > frame->localsplus + i) {
+        value = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(frame->localsplus[i]);
         if (kind & CO_FAST_FREE) {
             // The cell was set by COPY_FREE_VARS.
             assert(value != NULL && PyCell_Check(value));
@@ -1892,9 +2001,6 @@ frame_get_var(_PyInterpreterFrame *frame, PyCodeObject *co, int i,
             }
         }
     }
-    else {
-        assert(value == NULL);
-    }
     *pvalue = value;
     return 1;
 }
@@ -2097,24 +2203,6 @@ PyFrame_GetGenerator(PyFrameObject *frame)
     if (frame->f_frame->owner != FRAME_OWNED_BY_GENERATOR) {
         return NULL;
     }
-    PyGenObject *gen = _PyFrame_GetGenerator(frame->f_frame);
+    PyGenObject *gen = _PyGen_GetGeneratorFromFrame(frame->f_frame);
     return Py_NewRef(gen);
 }
-
-PyObject*
-_PyEval_BuiltinsFromGlobals(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *globals)
-{
-    PyObject *builtins = PyDict_GetItemWithError(globals, &_Py_ID(__builtins__));
-    if (builtins) {
-        if (PyModule_Check(builtins)) {
-            builtins = _PyModule_GetDict(builtins);
-            assert(builtins != NULL);
-        }
-        return builtins;
-    }
-    if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
-        return NULL;
-    }
-
-    return _PyEval_GetBuiltins(tstate);
-}
diff --git a/Objects/funcobject.c b/Objects/funcobject.c
index 40211297be20c0..e72a7d98c0a79e 100644
--- a/Objects/funcobject.c
+++ b/Objects/funcobject.c
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 /* Function object implementation */
 
 #include "Python.h"
-#include "pycore_ceval.h"         // _PyEval_BuiltinsFromGlobals()
+#include "pycore_dict.h"          // _Py_INCREF_DICT()
 #include "pycore_long.h"          // _PyLong_GetOne()
 #include "pycore_modsupport.h"    // _PyArg_NoKeywords()
 #include "pycore_object.h"        // _PyObject_GC_UNTRACK()
@@ -112,11 +112,14 @@ _PyFunction_FromConstructor(PyFrameConstructor *constr)
         Py_XDECREF(module);
         return NULL;
     }
-    op->func_globals = Py_NewRef(constr->fc_globals);
-    op->func_builtins = Py_NewRef(constr->fc_builtins);
+    _Py_INCREF_DICT(constr->fc_globals);
+    op->func_globals = constr->fc_globals;
+    _Py_INCREF_BUILTINS(constr->fc_builtins);
+    op->func_builtins = constr->fc_builtins;
     op->func_name = Py_NewRef(constr->fc_name);
     op->func_qualname = Py_NewRef(constr->fc_qualname);
-    op->func_code = Py_NewRef(constr->fc_code);
+    _Py_INCREF_CODE((PyCodeObject *)constr->fc_code);
+    op->func_code = constr->fc_code;
     op->func_defaults = Py_XNewRef(constr->fc_defaults);
     op->func_kwdefaults = Py_XNewRef(constr->fc_kwdefaults);
     op->func_closure = Py_XNewRef(constr->fc_closure);
@@ -128,7 +131,7 @@ _PyFunction_FromConstructor(PyFrameConstructor *constr)
     op->func_annotate = NULL;
     op->func_typeparams = NULL;
     op->vectorcall = _PyFunction_Vectorcall;
-    op->func_version = 0;
+    op->func_version = FUNC_VERSION_UNSET;
     // NOTE: functions created via FrameConstructor do not use deferred
     // reference counting because they are typically not part of cycles
     // nor accessed by multiple threads.
@@ -142,11 +145,10 @@ PyFunction_NewWithQualName(PyObject *code, PyObject *globals, PyObject *qualname
 {
     assert(globals != NULL);
     assert(PyDict_Check(globals));
-    Py_INCREF(globals);
+    _Py_INCREF_DICT(globals);
 
-    PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
-
-    PyCodeObject *code_obj = (PyCodeObject *)Py_NewRef(code);
+    PyCodeObject *code_obj = (PyCodeObject *)code;
+    _Py_INCREF_CODE(code_obj);
 
     assert(code_obj->co_name != NULL);
     PyObject *name = Py_NewRef(code_obj->co_name);
@@ -178,11 +180,10 @@ PyFunction_NewWithQualName(PyObject *code, PyObject *globals, PyObject *qualname
         goto error;
     }
 
-    builtins = _PyEval_BuiltinsFromGlobals(tstate, globals); // borrowed ref
+    builtins = _PyDict_LoadBuiltinsFromGlobals(globals);
     if (builtins == NULL) {
         goto error;
     }
-    Py_INCREF(builtins);
 
     PyFunctionObject *op = PyObject_GC_New(PyFunctionObject, &PyFunction_Type);
     if (op == NULL) {
@@ -207,7 +208,7 @@ PyFunction_NewWithQualName(PyObject *code, PyObject *globals, PyObject *qualname
     op->func_annotate = NULL;
     op->func_typeparams = NULL;
     op->vectorcall = _PyFunction_Vectorcall;
-    op->func_version = 0;
+    op->func_version = FUNC_VERSION_UNSET;
     if ((code_obj->co_flags & CO_NESTED) == 0) {
         // Use deferred reference counting for top-level functions, but not
         // nested functions because they are more likely to capture variables,
@@ -287,31 +288,59 @@ functions is running.
 
 */
 
+static inline struct _func_version_cache_item *
+get_cache_item(PyInterpreterState *interp, uint32_t version)
+{
+    return interp->func_state.func_version_cache +
+           (version % FUNC_VERSION_CACHE_SIZE);
+}
+
 void
 _PyFunction_SetVersion(PyFunctionObject *func, uint32_t version)
 {
+    assert(func->func_version == FUNC_VERSION_UNSET);
+    assert(version >= FUNC_VERSION_FIRST_VALID);
+    // This should only be called from MAKE_FUNCTION. No code is specialized
+    // based on the version, so we do not need to stop the world to set it.
+    func->func_version = version;
 #ifndef Py_GIL_DISABLED
     PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
-    if (func->func_version != 0) {
-        struct _func_version_cache_item *slot =
-            interp->func_state.func_version_cache
-            + (func->func_version % FUNC_VERSION_CACHE_SIZE);
-        if (slot->func == func) {
-            slot->func = NULL;
-            // Leave slot->code alone, there may be use for it.
-        }
-    }
+    struct _func_version_cache_item *slot = get_cache_item(interp, version);
+    slot->func = func;
+    slot->code = func->func_code;
 #endif
-    func->func_version = version;
+}
+
+static void
+func_clear_version(PyInterpreterState *interp, PyFunctionObject *func)
+{
+    if (func->func_version < FUNC_VERSION_FIRST_VALID) {
+        // Version was never set or has already been cleared.
+        return;
+    }
 #ifndef Py_GIL_DISABLED
-    if (version != 0) {
-        struct _func_version_cache_item *slot =
-            interp->func_state.func_version_cache
-            + (version % FUNC_VERSION_CACHE_SIZE);
-        slot->func = func;
-        slot->code = func->func_code;
+    struct _func_version_cache_item *slot =
+        get_cache_item(interp, func->func_version);
+    if (slot->func == func) {
+        slot->func = NULL;
+        // Leave slot->code alone, there may be use for it.
     }
 #endif
+    func->func_version = FUNC_VERSION_CLEARED;
+}
+
+// Called when any of the critical function attributes are changed
+static void
+_PyFunction_ClearVersion(PyFunctionObject *func)
+{
+    if (func->func_version < FUNC_VERSION_FIRST_VALID) {
+        // Version was never set or has already been cleared.
+        return;
+    }
+    PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
+    _PyEval_StopTheWorld(interp);
+    func_clear_version(interp, func);
+    _PyEval_StartTheWorld(interp);
 }
 
 void
@@ -319,9 +348,7 @@ _PyFunction_ClearCodeByVersion(uint32_t version)
 {
 #ifndef Py_GIL_DISABLED
     PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
-    struct _func_version_cache_item *slot =
-        interp->func_state.func_version_cache
-        + (version % FUNC_VERSION_CACHE_SIZE);
+    struct _func_version_cache_item *slot = get_cache_item(interp, version);
     if (slot->code) {
         assert(PyCode_Check(slot->code));
         PyCodeObject *code = (PyCodeObject *)slot->code;
@@ -340,9 +367,7 @@ _PyFunction_LookupByVersion(uint32_t version, PyObject **p_code)
     return NULL;
 #else
     PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
-    struct _func_version_cache_item *slot =
-        interp->func_state.func_version_cache
-        + (version % FUNC_VERSION_CACHE_SIZE);
+    struct _func_version_cache_item *slot = get_cache_item(interp, version);
     if (slot->code) {
         assert(PyCode_Check(slot->code));
         PyCodeObject *code = (PyCodeObject *)slot->code;
@@ -431,7 +456,7 @@ PyFunction_SetDefaults(PyObject *op, PyObject *defaults)
     }
     handle_func_event(PyFunction_EVENT_MODIFY_DEFAULTS,
                       (PyFunctionObject *) op, defaults);
-    _PyFunction_SetVersion((PyFunctionObject *)op, 0);
+    _PyFunction_ClearVersion((PyFunctionObject *)op);
     Py_XSETREF(((PyFunctionObject *)op)->func_defaults, defaults);
     return 0;
 }
@@ -440,7 +465,7 @@ void
 PyFunction_SetVectorcall(PyFunctionObject *func, vectorcallfunc vectorcall)
 {
     assert(func != NULL);
-    _PyFunction_SetVersion(func, 0);
+    _PyFunction_ClearVersion(func);
     func->vectorcall = vectorcall;
 }
 
@@ -473,7 +498,7 @@ PyFunction_SetKwDefaults(PyObject *op, PyObject *defaults)
     }
     handle_func_event(PyFunction_EVENT_MODIFY_KWDEFAULTS,
                       (PyFunctionObject *) op, defaults);
-    _PyFunction_SetVersion((PyFunctionObject *)op, 0);
+    _PyFunction_ClearVersion((PyFunctionObject *)op);
     Py_XSETREF(((PyFunctionObject *)op)->func_kwdefaults, defaults);
     return 0;
 }
@@ -506,7 +531,7 @@ PyFunction_SetClosure(PyObject *op, PyObject *closure)
                      Py_TYPE(closure)->tp_name);
         return -1;
     }
-    _PyFunction_SetVersion((PyFunctionObject *)op, 0);
+    _PyFunction_ClearVersion((PyFunctionObject *)op);
     Py_XSETREF(((PyFunctionObject *)op)->func_closure, closure);
     return 0;
 }
@@ -547,6 +572,7 @@ func_get_annotation_dict(PyFunctionObject *op)
                                      PyTuple_GET_ITEM(ann_tuple, i + 1));
 
             if (err < 0) {
+                Py_DECREF(ann_dict);
                 return NULL;
             }
         }
@@ -603,8 +629,9 @@ static PyMemberDef func_memberlist[] = {
 };
 
 static PyObject *
-func_get_code(PyFunctionObject *op, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
+func_get_code(PyObject *self, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
+    PyFunctionObject *op = _PyFunction_CAST(self);
     if (PySys_Audit("object.__getattr__", "Os", op, "__code__") < 0) {
         return NULL;
     }
@@ -613,10 +640,9 @@ func_get_code(PyFunctionObject *op, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 }
 
 static int
-func_set_code(PyFunctionObject *op, PyObject *value, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
+func_set_code(PyObject *self, PyObject *value, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
-    Py_ssize_t nclosure;
-    int nfree;
+    PyFunctionObject *op = _PyFunction_CAST(self);
 
     /* Not legal to del f.func_code or to set it to anything
      * other than a code object. */
@@ -631,9 +657,9 @@ func_set_code(PyFunctionObject *op, PyObject *value, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
         return -1;
     }
 
-    nfree = ((PyCodeObject *)value)->co_nfreevars;
-    nclosure = (op->func_closure == NULL ? 0 :
-            PyTuple_GET_SIZE(op->func_closure));
+    int nfree = ((PyCodeObject *)value)->co_nfreevars;
+    Py_ssize_t nclosure = (op->func_closure == NULL ? 0 :
+                                        PyTuple_GET_SIZE(op->func_closure));
     if (nclosure != nfree) {
         PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
                      "%U() requires a code object with %zd free vars,"
@@ -657,20 +683,22 @@ func_set_code(PyFunctionObject *op, PyObject *value, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
     }
 
     handle_func_event(PyFunction_EVENT_MODIFY_CODE, op, value);
-    _PyFunction_SetVersion(op, 0);
+    _PyFunction_ClearVersion(op);
     Py_XSETREF(op->func_code, Py_NewRef(value));
     return 0;
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-func_get_name(PyFunctionObject *op, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
+func_get_name(PyObject *self, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
+    PyFunctionObject *op = _PyFunction_CAST(self);
     return Py_NewRef(op->func_name);
 }
 
 static int
-func_set_name(PyFunctionObject *op, PyObject *value, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
+func_set_name(PyObject *self, PyObject *value, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
+    PyFunctionObject *op = _PyFunction_CAST(self);
     /* Not legal to del f.func_name or to set it to anything
      * other than a string object. */
     if (value == NULL || !PyUnicode_Check(value)) {
@@ -683,14 +711,16 @@ func_set_name(PyFunctionObject *op, PyObject *value, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-func_get_qualname(PyFunctionObject *op, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
+func_get_qualname(PyObject *self, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
+    PyFunctionObject *op = _PyFunction_CAST(self);
     return Py_NewRef(op->func_qualname);
 }
 
 static int
-func_set_qualname(PyFunctionObject *op, PyObject *value, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
+func_set_qualname(PyObject *self, PyObject *value, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
+    PyFunctionObject *op = _PyFunction_CAST(self);
     /* Not legal to del f.__qualname__ or to set it to anything
      * other than a string object. */
     if (value == NULL || !PyUnicode_Check(value)) {
@@ -703,8 +733,9 @@ func_set_qualname(PyFunctionObject *op, PyObject *value, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-func_get_defaults(PyFunctionObject *op, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
+func_get_defaults(PyObject *self, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
+    PyFunctionObject *op = _PyFunction_CAST(self);
     if (PySys_Audit("object.__getattr__", "Os", op, "__defaults__") < 0) {
         return NULL;
     }
@@ -715,10 +746,11 @@ func_get_defaults(PyFunctionObject *op, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 }
 
 static int
-func_set_defaults(PyFunctionObject *op, PyObject *value, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
+func_set_defaults(PyObject *self, PyObject *value, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
     /* Legal to del f.func_defaults.
      * Can only set func_defaults to NULL or a tuple. */
+    PyFunctionObject *op = _PyFunction_CAST(self);
     if (value == Py_None)
         value = NULL;
     if (value != NULL && !PyTuple_Check(value)) {
@@ -737,14 +769,15 @@ func_set_defaults(PyFunctionObject *op, PyObject *value, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored
     }
 
     handle_func_event(PyFunction_EVENT_MODIFY_DEFAULTS, op, value);
-    _PyFunction_SetVersion(op, 0);
+    _PyFunction_ClearVersion(op);
     Py_XSETREF(op->func_defaults, Py_XNewRef(value));
     return 0;
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-func_get_kwdefaults(PyFunctionObject *op, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
+func_get_kwdefaults(PyObject *self, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
+    PyFunctionObject *op = _PyFunction_CAST(self);
     if (PySys_Audit("object.__getattr__", "Os",
                     op, "__kwdefaults__") < 0) {
         return NULL;
@@ -756,8 +789,9 @@ func_get_kwdefaults(PyFunctionObject *op, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 }
 
 static int
-func_set_kwdefaults(PyFunctionObject *op, PyObject *value, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
+func_set_kwdefaults(PyObject *self, PyObject *value, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
+    PyFunctionObject *op = _PyFunction_CAST(self);
     if (value == Py_None)
         value = NULL;
     /* Legal to del f.func_kwdefaults.
@@ -778,14 +812,15 @@ func_set_kwdefaults(PyFunctionObject *op, PyObject *value, void *Py_UNUSED(ignor
     }
 
     handle_func_event(PyFunction_EVENT_MODIFY_KWDEFAULTS, op, value);
-    _PyFunction_SetVersion(op, 0);
+    _PyFunction_ClearVersion(op);
     Py_XSETREF(op->func_kwdefaults, Py_XNewRef(value));
     return 0;
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-func_get_annotate(PyFunctionObject *op, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
+func_get_annotate(PyObject *self, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
+    PyFunctionObject *op = _PyFunction_CAST(self);
     if (op->func_annotate == NULL) {
         Py_RETURN_NONE;
     }
@@ -793,8 +828,9 @@ func_get_annotate(PyFunctionObject *op, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 }
 
 static int
-func_set_annotate(PyFunctionObject *op, PyObject *value, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
+func_set_annotate(PyObject *self, PyObject *value, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
+    PyFunctionObject *op = _PyFunction_CAST(self);
     if (value == NULL) {
         PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
             "__annotate__ cannot be deleted");
@@ -817,8 +853,9 @@ func_set_annotate(PyFunctionObject *op, PyObject *value, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-func_get_annotations(PyFunctionObject *op, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
+func_get_annotations(PyObject *self, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
+    PyFunctionObject *op = _PyFunction_CAST(self);
     if (op->func_annotations == NULL &&
         (op->func_annotate == NULL || !PyCallable_Check(op->func_annotate))) {
         op->func_annotations = PyDict_New();
@@ -830,8 +867,9 @@ func_get_annotations(PyFunctionObject *op, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 }
 
 static int
-func_set_annotations(PyFunctionObject *op, PyObject *value, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
+func_set_annotations(PyObject *self, PyObject *value, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
+    PyFunctionObject *op = _PyFunction_CAST(self);
     if (value == Py_None)
         value = NULL;
     /* Legal to del f.func_annotations.
@@ -848,8 +886,9 @@ func_set_annotations(PyFunctionObject *op, PyObject *value, void *Py_UNUSED(igno
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-func_get_type_params(PyFunctionObject *op, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
+func_get_type_params(PyObject *self, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
+    PyFunctionObject *op = _PyFunction_CAST(self);
     if (op->func_typeparams == NULL) {
         return PyTuple_New(0);
     }
@@ -859,10 +898,11 @@ func_get_type_params(PyFunctionObject *op, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 }
 
 static int
-func_set_type_params(PyFunctionObject *op, PyObject *value, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
+func_set_type_params(PyObject *self, PyObject *value, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
     /* Not legal to del f.__type_params__ or to set it to anything
      * other than a tuple object. */
+    PyFunctionObject *op = _PyFunction_CAST(self);
     if (value == NULL || !PyTuple_Check(value)) {
         PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
                         "__type_params__ must be set to a tuple");
@@ -884,19 +924,15 @@ _Py_set_function_type_params(PyThreadState *Py_UNUSED(ignored), PyObject *func,
 }
 
 static PyGetSetDef func_getsetlist[] = {
-    {"__code__", (getter)func_get_code, (setter)func_set_code},
-    {"__defaults__", (getter)func_get_defaults,
-     (setter)func_set_defaults},
-    {"__kwdefaults__", (getter)func_get_kwdefaults,
-     (setter)func_set_kwdefaults},
-    {"__annotations__", (getter)func_get_annotations,
-     (setter)func_set_annotations},
-    {"__annotate__", (getter)func_get_annotate, (setter)func_set_annotate},
+    {"__code__", func_get_code, func_set_code},
+    {"__defaults__", func_get_defaults, func_set_defaults},
+    {"__kwdefaults__", func_get_kwdefaults, func_set_kwdefaults},
+    {"__annotations__", func_get_annotations, func_set_annotations},
+    {"__annotate__", func_get_annotate, func_set_annotate},
     {"__dict__", PyObject_GenericGetDict, PyObject_GenericSetDict},
-    {"__name__", (getter)func_get_name, (setter)func_set_name},
-    {"__qualname__", (getter)func_get_qualname, (setter)func_set_qualname},
-    {"__type_params__", (getter)func_get_type_params,
-     (setter)func_set_type_params},
+    {"__name__", func_get_name, func_set_name},
+    {"__qualname__", func_get_qualname, func_set_qualname},
+    {"__type_params__", func_get_type_params, func_set_type_params},
     {NULL} /* Sentinel */
 };
 
@@ -1016,11 +1052,20 @@ func_new_impl(PyTypeObject *type, PyCodeObject *code, PyObject *globals,
 }
 
 static int
-func_clear(PyFunctionObject *op)
+func_clear(PyObject *self)
 {
-    _PyFunction_SetVersion(op, 0);
-    Py_CLEAR(op->func_globals);
-    Py_CLEAR(op->func_builtins);
+    PyFunctionObject *op = _PyFunction_CAST(self);
+    func_clear_version(_PyInterpreterState_GET(), op);
+    PyObject *globals = op->func_globals;
+    op->func_globals = NULL;
+    if (globals != NULL) {
+        _Py_DECREF_DICT(globals);
+    }
+    PyObject *builtins = op->func_builtins;
+    op->func_builtins = NULL;
+    if (builtins != NULL) {
+        _Py_DECREF_BUILTINS(builtins);
+    }
     Py_CLEAR(op->func_module);
     Py_CLEAR(op->func_defaults);
     Py_CLEAR(op->func_kwdefaults);
@@ -1041,8 +1086,9 @@ func_clear(PyFunctionObject *op)
 }
 
 static void
-func_dealloc(PyFunctionObject *op)
+func_dealloc(PyObject *self)
 {
+    PyFunctionObject *op = _PyFunction_CAST(self);
     assert(Py_REFCNT(op) == 0);
     Py_SET_REFCNT(op, 1);
     handle_func_event(PyFunction_EVENT_DESTROY, op, NULL);
@@ -1055,25 +1101,26 @@ func_dealloc(PyFunctionObject *op)
     if (op->func_weakreflist != NULL) {
         PyObject_ClearWeakRefs((PyObject *) op);
     }
-    _PyFunction_SetVersion(op, 0);
-    (void)func_clear(op);
+    (void)func_clear((PyObject*)op);
     // These aren't cleared by func_clear().
-    Py_DECREF(op->func_code);
+    _Py_DECREF_CODE((PyCodeObject *)op->func_code);
     Py_DECREF(op->func_name);
     Py_DECREF(op->func_qualname);
     PyObject_GC_Del(op);
 }
 
 static PyObject*
-func_repr(PyFunctionObject *op)
+func_repr(PyObject *self)
 {
+    PyFunctionObject *op = _PyFunction_CAST(self);
     return PyUnicode_FromFormat("<function %U at %p>",
                                 op->func_qualname, op);
 }
 
 static int
-func_traverse(PyFunctionObject *f, visitproc visit, void *arg)
+func_traverse(PyObject *self, visitproc visit, void *arg)
 {
+    PyFunctionObject *f = _PyFunction_CAST(self);
     Py_VISIT(f->func_code);
     Py_VISIT(f->func_globals);
     Py_VISIT(f->func_builtins);
@@ -1106,12 +1153,12 @@ PyTypeObject PyFunction_Type = {
     "function",
     sizeof(PyFunctionObject),
     0,
-    (destructor)func_dealloc,                   /* tp_dealloc */
+    func_dealloc,                               /* tp_dealloc */
     offsetof(PyFunctionObject, vectorcall),     /* tp_vectorcall_offset */
     0,                                          /* tp_getattr */
     0,                                          /* tp_setattr */
     0,                                          /* tp_as_async */
-    (reprfunc)func_repr,                        /* tp_repr */
+    func_repr,                                  /* tp_repr */
     0,                                          /* tp_as_number */
     0,                                          /* tp_as_sequence */
     0,                                          /* tp_as_mapping */
@@ -1125,8 +1172,8 @@ PyTypeObject PyFunction_Type = {
     Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_VECTORCALL |
     Py_TPFLAGS_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR,               /* tp_flags */
     func_new__doc__,                            /* tp_doc */
-    (traverseproc)func_traverse,                /* tp_traverse */
-    (inquiry)func_clear,                        /* tp_clear */
+    func_traverse,                              /* tp_traverse */
+    func_clear,                                 /* tp_clear */
     0,                                          /* tp_richcompare */
     offsetof(PyFunctionObject, func_weakreflist), /* tp_weaklistoffset */
     0,                                          /* tp_iter */
@@ -1180,30 +1227,43 @@ functools_wraps(PyObject *wrapper, PyObject *wrapped)
 // Used for wrapping __annotations__ and __annotate__ on classmethod
 // and staticmethod objects.
 static PyObject *
-descriptor_get_wrapped_attribute(PyObject *wrapped, PyObject *dict, PyObject *name)
+descriptor_get_wrapped_attribute(PyObject *wrapped, PyObject *obj, PyObject *name)
 {
+    PyObject *dict = PyObject_GenericGetDict(obj, NULL);
+    if (dict == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
     PyObject *res;
     if (PyDict_GetItemRef(dict, name, &res) < 0) {
+        Py_DECREF(dict);
         return NULL;
     }
     if (res != NULL) {
+        Py_DECREF(dict);
         return res;
     }
     res = PyObject_GetAttr(wrapped, name);
     if (res == NULL) {
+        Py_DECREF(dict);
         return NULL;
     }
     if (PyDict_SetItem(dict, name, res) < 0) {
+        Py_DECREF(dict);
         Py_DECREF(res);
         return NULL;
     }
+    Py_DECREF(dict);
     return res;
 }
 
 static int
-descriptor_set_wrapped_attribute(PyObject *dict, PyObject *name, PyObject *value,
+descriptor_set_wrapped_attribute(PyObject *oobj, PyObject *name, PyObject *value,
                                  char *type_name)
 {
+    PyObject *dict = PyObject_GenericGetDict(oobj, NULL);
+    if (dict == NULL) {
+        return -1;
+    }
     if (value == NULL) {
         if (PyDict_DelItem(dict, name) < 0) {
             if (PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_KeyError)) {
@@ -1211,14 +1271,19 @@ descriptor_set_wrapped_attribute(PyObject *dict, PyObject *name, PyObject *value
                 PyErr_Format(PyExc_AttributeError,
                              "'%.200s' object has no attribute '%U'",
                              type_name, name);
+                Py_DECREF(dict);
+                return -1;
             }
             else {
+                Py_DECREF(dict);
                 return -1;
             }
         }
+        Py_DECREF(dict);
         return 0;
     }
     else {
+        Py_DECREF(dict);
         return PyDict_SetItem(dict, name, value);
     }
 }
@@ -1250,9 +1315,14 @@ typedef struct {
     PyObject *cm_dict;
 } classmethod;
 
+#define _PyClassMethod_CAST(cm) \
+    (assert(PyObject_TypeCheck((cm), &PyClassMethod_Type)), \
+     _Py_CAST(classmethod*, cm))
+
 static void
-cm_dealloc(classmethod *cm)
+cm_dealloc(PyObject *self)
 {
+    classmethod *cm = _PyClassMethod_CAST(self);
     _PyObject_GC_UNTRACK((PyObject *)cm);
     Py_XDECREF(cm->cm_callable);
     Py_XDECREF(cm->cm_dict);
@@ -1260,16 +1330,18 @@ cm_dealloc(classmethod *cm)
 }
 
 static int
-cm_traverse(classmethod *cm, visitproc visit, void *arg)
+cm_traverse(PyObject *self, visitproc visit, void *arg)
 {
+    classmethod *cm = _PyClassMethod_CAST(self);
     Py_VISIT(cm->cm_callable);
     Py_VISIT(cm->cm_dict);
     return 0;
 }
 
 static int
-cm_clear(classmethod *cm)
+cm_clear(PyObject *self)
 {
+    classmethod *cm = _PyClassMethod_CAST(self);
     Py_CLEAR(cm->cm_callable);
     Py_CLEAR(cm->cm_dict);
     return 0;
@@ -1316,8 +1388,9 @@ static PyMemberDef cm_memberlist[] = {
 };
 
 static PyObject *
-cm_get___isabstractmethod__(classmethod *cm, void *closure)
+cm_get___isabstractmethod__(PyObject *self, void *closure)
 {
+    classmethod *cm = _PyClassMethod_CAST(self);
     int res = _PyObject_IsAbstract(cm->cm_callable);
     if (res == -1) {
         return NULL;
@@ -1329,42 +1402,44 @@ cm_get___isabstractmethod__(classmethod *cm, void *closure)
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-cm_get___annotations__(classmethod *cm, void *closure)
+cm_get___annotations__(PyObject *self, void *closure)
 {
-    return descriptor_get_wrapped_attribute(cm->cm_callable, cm->cm_dict, &_Py_ID(__annotations__));
+    classmethod *cm = _PyClassMethod_CAST(self);
+    return descriptor_get_wrapped_attribute(cm->cm_callable, self, &_Py_ID(__annotations__));
 }
 
 static int
-cm_set___annotations__(classmethod *cm, PyObject *value, void *closure)
+cm_set___annotations__(PyObject *self, PyObject *value, void *closure)
 {
-    return descriptor_set_wrapped_attribute(cm->cm_dict, &_Py_ID(__annotations__), value, "classmethod");
+    return descriptor_set_wrapped_attribute(self, &_Py_ID(__annotations__), value, "classmethod");
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-cm_get___annotate__(classmethod *cm, void *closure)
+cm_get___annotate__(PyObject *self, void *closure)
 {
-    return descriptor_get_wrapped_attribute(cm->cm_callable, cm->cm_dict, &_Py_ID(__annotate__));
+    classmethod *cm = _PyClassMethod_CAST(self);
+    return descriptor_get_wrapped_attribute(cm->cm_callable, self, &_Py_ID(__annotate__));
 }
 
 static int
-cm_set___annotate__(classmethod *cm, PyObject *value, void *closure)
+cm_set___annotate__(PyObject *self, PyObject *value, void *closure)
 {
-    return descriptor_set_wrapped_attribute(cm->cm_dict, &_Py_ID(__annotate__), value, "classmethod");
+    return descriptor_set_wrapped_attribute(self, &_Py_ID(__annotate__), value, "classmethod");
 }
 
 
 static PyGetSetDef cm_getsetlist[] = {
-    {"__isabstractmethod__",
-     (getter)cm_get___isabstractmethod__, NULL, NULL, NULL},
+    {"__isabstractmethod__", cm_get___isabstractmethod__, NULL, NULL, NULL},
     {"__dict__", PyObject_GenericGetDict, PyObject_GenericSetDict, NULL, NULL},
-    {"__annotations__", (getter)cm_get___annotations__, (setter)cm_set___annotations__, NULL, NULL},
-    {"__annotate__", (getter)cm_get___annotate__, (setter)cm_set___annotate__, NULL, NULL},
+    {"__annotations__", cm_get___annotations__, cm_set___annotations__, NULL, NULL},
+    {"__annotate__", cm_get___annotate__, cm_set___annotate__, NULL, NULL},
     {NULL} /* Sentinel */
 };
 
 static PyObject*
-cm_repr(classmethod *cm)
+cm_repr(PyObject *self)
 {
+    classmethod *cm = _PyClassMethod_CAST(self);
     return PyUnicode_FromFormat("<classmethod(%R)>", cm->cm_callable);
 }
 
@@ -1396,12 +1471,12 @@ PyTypeObject PyClassMethod_Type = {
     "classmethod",
     sizeof(classmethod),
     0,
-    (destructor)cm_dealloc,                     /* tp_dealloc */
+    cm_dealloc,                                 /* tp_dealloc */
     0,                                          /* tp_vectorcall_offset */
     0,                                          /* tp_getattr */
     0,                                          /* tp_setattr */
     0,                                          /* tp_as_async */
-    (reprfunc)cm_repr,                          /* tp_repr */
+    cm_repr,                                    /* tp_repr */
     0,                                          /* tp_as_number */
     0,                                          /* tp_as_sequence */
     0,                                          /* tp_as_mapping */
@@ -1413,14 +1488,14 @@ PyTypeObject PyClassMethod_Type = {
     0,                                          /* tp_as_buffer */
     Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC,
     classmethod_doc,                            /* tp_doc */
-    (traverseproc)cm_traverse,                  /* tp_traverse */
-    (inquiry)cm_clear,                          /* tp_clear */
+    cm_traverse,                                /* tp_traverse */
+    cm_clear,                                   /* tp_clear */
     0,                                          /* tp_richcompare */
     0,                                          /* tp_weaklistoffset */
     0,                                          /* tp_iter */
     0,                                          /* tp_iternext */
     0,                                          /* tp_methods */
-    cm_memberlist,              /* tp_members */
+    cm_memberlist,                              /* tp_members */
     cm_getsetlist,                              /* tp_getset */
     0,                                          /* tp_base */
     0,                                          /* tp_dict */
@@ -1469,9 +1544,14 @@ typedef struct {
     PyObject *sm_dict;
 } staticmethod;
 
+#define _PyStaticMethod_CAST(cm) \
+    (assert(PyObject_TypeCheck((cm), &PyStaticMethod_Type)), \
+     _Py_CAST(staticmethod*, cm))
+
 static void
-sm_dealloc(staticmethod *sm)
+sm_dealloc(PyObject *self)
 {
+    staticmethod *sm = _PyStaticMethod_CAST(self);
     _PyObject_GC_UNTRACK((PyObject *)sm);
     Py_XDECREF(sm->sm_callable);
     Py_XDECREF(sm->sm_dict);
@@ -1479,16 +1559,18 @@ sm_dealloc(staticmethod *sm)
 }
 
 static int
-sm_traverse(staticmethod *sm, visitproc visit, void *arg)
+sm_traverse(PyObject *self, visitproc visit, void *arg)
 {
+    staticmethod *sm = _PyStaticMethod_CAST(self);
     Py_VISIT(sm->sm_callable);
     Py_VISIT(sm->sm_dict);
     return 0;
 }
 
 static int
-sm_clear(staticmethod *sm)
+sm_clear(PyObject *self)
 {
+    staticmethod *sm = _PyStaticMethod_CAST(self);
     Py_CLEAR(sm->sm_callable);
     Py_CLEAR(sm->sm_dict);
     return 0;
@@ -1539,8 +1621,9 @@ static PyMemberDef sm_memberlist[] = {
 };
 
 static PyObject *
-sm_get___isabstractmethod__(staticmethod *sm, void *closure)
+sm_get___isabstractmethod__(PyObject *self, void *closure)
 {
+    staticmethod *sm = _PyStaticMethod_CAST(self);
     int res = _PyObject_IsAbstract(sm->sm_callable);
     if (res == -1) {
         return NULL;
@@ -1552,41 +1635,43 @@ sm_get___isabstractmethod__(staticmethod *sm, void *closure)
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-sm_get___annotations__(staticmethod *sm, void *closure)
+sm_get___annotations__(PyObject *self, void *closure)
 {
-    return descriptor_get_wrapped_attribute(sm->sm_callable, sm->sm_dict, &_Py_ID(__annotations__));
+    staticmethod *sm = _PyStaticMethod_CAST(self);
+    return descriptor_get_wrapped_attribute(sm->sm_callable, self, &_Py_ID(__annotations__));
 }
 
 static int
-sm_set___annotations__(staticmethod *sm, PyObject *value, void *closure)
+sm_set___annotations__(PyObject *self, PyObject *value, void *closure)
 {
-    return descriptor_set_wrapped_attribute(sm->sm_dict, &_Py_ID(__annotations__), value, "staticmethod");
+    return descriptor_set_wrapped_attribute(self, &_Py_ID(__annotations__), value, "staticmethod");
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-sm_get___annotate__(staticmethod *sm, void *closure)
+sm_get___annotate__(PyObject *self, void *closure)
 {
-    return descriptor_get_wrapped_attribute(sm->sm_callable, sm->sm_dict, &_Py_ID(__annotate__));
+    staticmethod *sm = _PyStaticMethod_CAST(self);
+    return descriptor_get_wrapped_attribute(sm->sm_callable, self, &_Py_ID(__annotate__));
 }
 
 static int
-sm_set___annotate__(staticmethod *sm, PyObject *value, void *closure)
+sm_set___annotate__(PyObject *self, PyObject *value, void *closure)
 {
-    return descriptor_set_wrapped_attribute(sm->sm_dict, &_Py_ID(__annotate__), value, "staticmethod");
+    return descriptor_set_wrapped_attribute(self, &_Py_ID(__annotate__), value, "staticmethod");
 }
 
 static PyGetSetDef sm_getsetlist[] = {
-    {"__isabstractmethod__",
-     (getter)sm_get___isabstractmethod__, NULL, NULL, NULL},
+    {"__isabstractmethod__", sm_get___isabstractmethod__, NULL, NULL, NULL},
     {"__dict__", PyObject_GenericGetDict, PyObject_GenericSetDict, NULL, NULL},
-    {"__annotations__", (getter)sm_get___annotations__, (setter)sm_set___annotations__, NULL, NULL},
-    {"__annotate__", (getter)sm_get___annotate__, (setter)sm_set___annotate__, NULL, NULL},
+    {"__annotations__", sm_get___annotations__, sm_set___annotations__, NULL, NULL},
+    {"__annotate__", sm_get___annotate__, sm_set___annotate__, NULL, NULL},
     {NULL} /* Sentinel */
 };
 
 static PyObject*
-sm_repr(staticmethod *sm)
+sm_repr(PyObject *self)
 {
+    staticmethod *sm = _PyStaticMethod_CAST(self);
     return PyUnicode_FromFormat("<staticmethod(%R)>", sm->sm_callable);
 }
 
@@ -1616,12 +1701,12 @@ PyTypeObject PyStaticMethod_Type = {
     "staticmethod",
     sizeof(staticmethod),
     0,
-    (destructor)sm_dealloc,                     /* tp_dealloc */
+    sm_dealloc,                                 /* tp_dealloc */
     0,                                          /* tp_vectorcall_offset */
     0,                                          /* tp_getattr */
     0,                                          /* tp_setattr */
     0,                                          /* tp_as_async */
-    (reprfunc)sm_repr,                          /* tp_repr */
+    sm_repr,                                    /* tp_repr */
     0,                                          /* tp_as_number */
     0,                                          /* tp_as_sequence */
     0,                                          /* tp_as_mapping */
@@ -1633,14 +1718,14 @@ PyTypeObject PyStaticMethod_Type = {
     0,                                          /* tp_as_buffer */
     Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC,
     staticmethod_doc,                           /* tp_doc */
-    (traverseproc)sm_traverse,                  /* tp_traverse */
-    (inquiry)sm_clear,                          /* tp_clear */
+    sm_traverse,                                /* tp_traverse */
+    sm_clear,                                   /* tp_clear */
     0,                                          /* tp_richcompare */
     0,                                          /* tp_weaklistoffset */
     0,                                          /* tp_iter */
     0,                                          /* tp_iternext */
     0,                                          /* tp_methods */
-    sm_memberlist,              /* tp_members */
+    sm_memberlist,                              /* tp_members */
     sm_getsetlist,                              /* tp_getset */
     0,                                          /* tp_base */
     0,                                          /* tp_dict */
diff --git a/Objects/genericaliasobject.c b/Objects/genericaliasobject.c
index 2779baf0bd1c61..64b4e2645cbaee 100644
--- a/Objects/genericaliasobject.c
+++ b/Objects/genericaliasobject.c
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include "pycore_ceval.h"         // _PyEval_GetBuiltin()
 #include "pycore_modsupport.h"    // _PyArg_NoKeywords()
 #include "pycore_object.h"
+#include "pycore_typevarobject.h" // _Py_typing_type_repr
 #include "pycore_unionobject.h"   // _Py_union_type_or, _PyGenericAlias_Check
 
 
@@ -51,96 +52,29 @@ ga_traverse(PyObject *self, visitproc visit, void *arg)
 }
 
 static int
-ga_repr_item(_PyUnicodeWriter *writer, PyObject *p)
-{
-    PyObject *qualname = NULL;
-    PyObject *module = NULL;
-    PyObject *r = NULL;
-    int rc;
-
-    if (p == Py_Ellipsis) {
-        // The Ellipsis object
-        r = PyUnicode_FromString("...");
-        goto done;
-    }
-
-    if ((rc = PyObject_HasAttrWithError(p, &_Py_ID(__origin__))) > 0 &&
-        (rc = PyObject_HasAttrWithError(p, &_Py_ID(__args__))) > 0)
-    {
-        // It looks like a GenericAlias
-        goto use_repr;
-    }
-    if (rc < 0) {
-        goto done;
-    }
-
-    if (PyObject_GetOptionalAttr(p, &_Py_ID(__qualname__), &qualname) < 0) {
-        goto done;
-    }
-    if (qualname == NULL) {
-        goto use_repr;
-    }
-    if (PyObject_GetOptionalAttr(p, &_Py_ID(__module__), &module) < 0) {
-        goto done;
-    }
-    if (module == NULL || module == Py_None) {
-        goto use_repr;
-    }
-
-    // Looks like a class
-    if (PyUnicode_Check(module) &&
-        _PyUnicode_EqualToASCIIString(module, "builtins"))
-    {
-        // builtins don't need a module name
-        r = PyObject_Str(qualname);
-        goto done;
-    }
-    else {
-        r = PyUnicode_FromFormat("%S.%S", module, qualname);
-        goto done;
-    }
-
-use_repr:
-    r = PyObject_Repr(p);
-
-done:
-    Py_XDECREF(qualname);
-    Py_XDECREF(module);
-    if (r == NULL) {
-        // error if any of the above PyObject_Repr/PyUnicode_From* fail
-        rc = -1;
-    }
-    else {
-        rc = _PyUnicodeWriter_WriteStr(writer, r);
-        Py_DECREF(r);
-    }
-    return rc;
-}
-
-static int
-ga_repr_items_list(_PyUnicodeWriter *writer, PyObject *p)
+ga_repr_items_list(PyUnicodeWriter *writer, PyObject *p)
 {
     assert(PyList_CheckExact(p));
 
     Py_ssize_t len = PyList_GET_SIZE(p);
 
-    if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteASCIIString(writer, "[", 1) < 0) {
+    if (PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar(writer, '[') < 0) {
         return -1;
     }
 
     for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
         if (i > 0) {
-            if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteASCIIString(writer, ", ", 2) < 0) {
+            if (PyUnicodeWriter_WriteUTF8(writer, ", ", 2) < 0) {
                 return -1;
             }
         }
         PyObject *item = PyList_GET_ITEM(p, i);
-        if (ga_repr_item(writer, item) < 0) {
+        if (_Py_typing_type_repr(writer, item) < 0) {
             return -1;
         }
     }
 
-    if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteASCIIString(writer, "]", 1) < 0) {
+    if (PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar(writer, ']') < 0) {
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -153,49 +87,55 @@ ga_repr(PyObject *self)
     gaobject *alias = (gaobject *)self;
     Py_ssize_t len = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(alias->args);
 
-    _PyUnicodeWriter writer;
-    _PyUnicodeWriter_Init(&writer);
+    // Estimation based on the shortest format: "int[int, int, int]"
+    Py_ssize_t estimate = (len <= PY_SSIZE_T_MAX / 5) ? len * 5 : len;
+    estimate = 3 + 1 + estimate + 1;
+    PyUnicodeWriter *writer = PyUnicodeWriter_Create(estimate);
+    if (writer == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
 
     if (alias->starred) {
-        if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteASCIIString(&writer, "*", 1) < 0) {
+        if (PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar(writer, '*') < 0) {
             goto error;
         }
     }
-    if (ga_repr_item(&writer, alias->origin) < 0) {
+    if (_Py_typing_type_repr(writer, alias->origin) < 0) {
         goto error;
     }
-    if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteASCIIString(&writer, "[", 1) < 0) {
+    if (PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar(writer, '[') < 0) {
         goto error;
     }
     for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
         if (i > 0) {
-            if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteASCIIString(&writer, ", ", 2) < 0) {
+            if (PyUnicodeWriter_WriteUTF8(writer, ", ", 2) < 0) {
                 goto error;
             }
         }
         PyObject *p = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(alias->args, i);
         if (PyList_CheckExact(p)) {
             // Looks like we are working with ParamSpec's list of type args:
-            if (ga_repr_items_list(&writer, p) < 0) {
+            if (ga_repr_items_list(writer, p) < 0) {
                 goto error;
             }
         }
-        else if (ga_repr_item(&writer, p) < 0) {
+        else if (_Py_typing_type_repr(writer, p) < 0) {
             goto error;
         }
     }
     if (len == 0) {
         // for something like tuple[()] we should print a "()"
-        if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteASCIIString(&writer, "()", 2) < 0) {
+        if (PyUnicodeWriter_WriteUTF8(writer, "()", 2) < 0) {
             goto error;
         }
     }
-    if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteASCIIString(&writer, "]", 1) < 0) {
+    if (PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar(writer, ']') < 0) {
         goto error;
     }
-    return _PyUnicodeWriter_Finish(&writer);
+    return PyUnicodeWriter_Finish(writer);
+
 error:
-    _PyUnicodeWriter_Dealloc(&writer);
+    PyUnicodeWriter_Discard(writer);
     return NULL;
 }
 
@@ -561,6 +501,10 @@ ga_getitem(PyObject *self, PyObject *item)
     }
 
     PyObject *res = Py_GenericAlias(alias->origin, newargs);
+    if (res == NULL) {
+        Py_DECREF(newargs);
+        return NULL;
+    }
     ((gaobject *)res)->starred = alias->starred;
 
     Py_DECREF(newargs);
diff --git a/Objects/genobject.c b/Objects/genobject.c
index 16d406ca4547f1..f235e5c1a73005 100644
--- a/Objects/genobject.c
+++ b/Objects/genobject.c
@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@
 #include "pycore_call.h"          // _PyObject_CallNoArgs()
 #include "pycore_ceval.h"         // _PyEval_EvalFrame()
 #include "pycore_frame.h"         // _PyInterpreterFrame
+#include "pycore_freelist.h"      // _Py_FREELIST_FREE(), _Py_FREELIST_POP()
 #include "pycore_gc.h"            // _PyGC_CLEAR_FINALIZED()
-#include "pycore_genobject.h"     // struct _Py_async_gen_freelist
 #include "pycore_modsupport.h"    // _PyArg_CheckPositional()
 #include "pycore_object.h"        // _PyObject_GC_UNTRACK()
 #include "pycore_opcode_utils.h"  // RESUME_AFTER_YIELD_FROM
@@ -17,9 +17,20 @@
 
 #include "pystats.h"
 
-static PyObject *gen_close(PyGenObject *, PyObject *);
-static PyObject *async_gen_asend_new(PyAsyncGenObject *, PyObject *);
-static PyObject *async_gen_athrow_new(PyAsyncGenObject *, PyObject *);
+// Forward declarations
+static PyObject* gen_close(PyObject *, PyObject *);
+static PyObject* async_gen_asend_new(PyAsyncGenObject *, PyObject *);
+static PyObject* async_gen_athrow_new(PyAsyncGenObject *, PyObject *);
+
+
+#define _PyGen_CAST(op) \
+    _Py_CAST(PyGenObject*, (op))
+#define _PyCoroObject_CAST(op) \
+    (assert(PyCoro_CheckExact(op)), \
+     _Py_CAST(PyCoroObject*, (op)))
+#define _PyAsyncGenObject_CAST(op) \
+    _Py_CAST(PyAsyncGenObject*, (op))
+
 
 static const char *NON_INIT_CORO_MSG = "can't send non-None value to a "
                                  "just-started coroutine";
@@ -30,8 +41,7 @@ static const char *ASYNC_GEN_IGNORED_EXIT_MSG =
 /* Returns a borrowed reference */
 static inline PyCodeObject *
 _PyGen_GetCode(PyGenObject *gen) {
-    _PyInterpreterFrame *frame = (_PyInterpreterFrame *)(gen->gi_iframe);
-    return _PyFrame_GetCode(frame);
+    return _PyFrame_GetCode(&gen->gi_iframe);
 }
 
 PyCodeObject *
@@ -43,12 +53,13 @@ PyGen_GetCode(PyGenObject *gen) {
 }
 
 static int
-gen_traverse(PyGenObject *gen, visitproc visit, void *arg)
+gen_traverse(PyObject *self, visitproc visit, void *arg)
 {
+    PyGenObject *gen = _PyGen_CAST(self);
     Py_VISIT(gen->gi_name);
     Py_VISIT(gen->gi_qualname);
     if (gen->gi_frame_state != FRAME_CLEARED) {
-        _PyInterpreterFrame *frame = (_PyInterpreterFrame *)(gen->gi_iframe);
+        _PyInterpreterFrame *frame = &gen->gi_iframe;
         assert(frame->frame_obj == NULL ||
                frame->frame_obj->f_frame->owner == FRAME_OWNED_BY_GENERATOR);
         int err = _PyFrame_Traverse(frame, visit, arg);
@@ -56,6 +67,11 @@ gen_traverse(PyGenObject *gen, visitproc visit, void *arg)
             return err;
         }
     }
+    else {
+        // We still need to visit the code object when the frame is cleared to
+        // ensure that it's kept alive if the reference is deferred.
+        _Py_VISIT_STACKREF(gen->gi_iframe.f_executable);
+    }
     /* No need to visit cr_origin, because it's just tuples/str/int, so can't
        participate in a reference cycle. */
     Py_VISIT(gen->gi_exc_state.exc_value);
@@ -103,7 +119,7 @@ _PyGen_Finalize(PyObject *self)
         _PyErr_WarnUnawaitedCoroutine((PyObject *)gen);
     }
     else {
-        PyObject *res = gen_close(gen, NULL);
+        PyObject *res = gen_close((PyObject*)gen, NULL);
         if (res == NULL) {
             if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
                 PyErr_WriteUnraisable(self);
@@ -119,9 +135,9 @@ _PyGen_Finalize(PyObject *self)
 }
 
 static void
-gen_dealloc(PyGenObject *gen)
+gen_dealloc(PyObject *self)
 {
-    PyObject *self = (PyObject *) gen;
+    PyGenObject *gen = _PyGen_CAST(self);
 
     _PyObject_GC_UNTRACK(gen);
 
@@ -140,18 +156,18 @@ gen_dealloc(PyGenObject *gen)
            and GC_Del. */
         Py_CLEAR(((PyAsyncGenObject*)gen)->ag_origin_or_finalizer);
     }
+    if (PyCoro_CheckExact(gen)) {
+        Py_CLEAR(((PyCoroObject *)gen)->cr_origin_or_finalizer);
+    }
     if (gen->gi_frame_state != FRAME_CLEARED) {
-        _PyInterpreterFrame *frame = (_PyInterpreterFrame *)gen->gi_iframe;
+        _PyInterpreterFrame *frame = &gen->gi_iframe;
         gen->gi_frame_state = FRAME_CLEARED;
         frame->previous = NULL;
         _PyFrame_ClearExceptCode(frame);
         _PyErr_ClearExcState(&gen->gi_exc_state);
     }
     assert(gen->gi_exc_state.exc_value == NULL);
-    if (_PyGen_GetCode(gen)->co_flags & CO_COROUTINE) {
-        Py_CLEAR(((PyCoroObject *)gen)->cr_origin_or_finalizer);
-    }
-    Py_DECREF(_PyGen_GetCode(gen));
+    PyStackRef_CLEAR(gen->gi_iframe.f_executable);
     Py_CLEAR(gen->gi_name);
     Py_CLEAR(gen->gi_qualname);
 
@@ -163,7 +179,7 @@ gen_send_ex2(PyGenObject *gen, PyObject *arg, PyObject **presult,
              int exc, int closing)
 {
     PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
-    _PyInterpreterFrame *frame = (_PyInterpreterFrame *)gen->gi_iframe;
+    _PyInterpreterFrame *frame = &gen->gi_iframe;
 
     *presult = NULL;
     if (gen->gi_frame_state == FRAME_CREATED && arg && arg != Py_None) {
@@ -213,7 +229,7 @@ gen_send_ex2(PyGenObject *gen, PyObject *arg, PyObject **presult,
 
     /* Push arg onto the frame's value stack */
     PyObject *arg_obj = arg ? arg : Py_None;
-    _PyFrame_StackPush(frame, Py_NewRef(arg_obj));
+    _PyFrame_StackPush(frame, PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(arg_obj));
 
     _PyErr_StackItem *prev_exc_info = tstate->exc_info;
     gen->gi_exc_state.previous_item = prev_exc_info;
@@ -258,8 +274,9 @@ gen_send_ex2(PyGenObject *gen, PyObject *arg, PyObject **presult,
 }
 
 static PySendResult
-PyGen_am_send(PyGenObject *gen, PyObject *arg, PyObject **result)
+PyGen_am_send(PyObject *self, PyObject *arg, PyObject **result)
 {
+    PyGenObject *gen = _PyGen_CAST(self);
     return gen_send_ex2(gen, arg, result, 0, 0);
 }
 
@@ -288,9 +305,9 @@ PyDoc_STRVAR(send_doc,
 return next yielded value or raise StopIteration.");
 
 static PyObject *
-gen_send(PyGenObject *gen, PyObject *arg)
+gen_send(PyObject *gen, PyObject *arg)
 {
-    return gen_send_ex(gen, arg, 0, 0);
+    return gen_send_ex((PyGenObject*)gen, arg, 0, 0);
 }
 
 PyDoc_STRVAR(close_doc,
@@ -307,7 +324,7 @@ gen_close_iter(PyObject *yf)
     PyObject *retval = NULL;
 
     if (PyGen_CheckExact(yf) || PyCoro_CheckExact(yf)) {
-        retval = gen_close((PyGenObject *)yf, NULL);
+        retval = gen_close((PyObject *)yf, NULL);
         if (retval == NULL)
             return -1;
     }
@@ -342,20 +359,19 @@ PyObject *
 _PyGen_yf(PyGenObject *gen)
 {
     if (gen->gi_frame_state == FRAME_SUSPENDED_YIELD_FROM) {
-        _PyInterpreterFrame *frame = (_PyInterpreterFrame *)gen->gi_iframe;
-        assert(is_resume(frame->instr_ptr));
-        assert((frame->instr_ptr->op.arg & RESUME_OPARG_LOCATION_MASK) >= RESUME_AFTER_YIELD_FROM);
-        return Py_NewRef(_PyFrame_StackPeek(frame));
+        _PyInterpreterFrame *frame = &gen->gi_iframe;
+        // GH-122390: These asserts are wrong in the presence of ENTER_EXECUTOR!
+        // assert(is_resume(frame->instr_ptr));
+        // assert((frame->instr_ptr->op.arg & RESUME_OPARG_LOCATION_MASK) >= RESUME_AFTER_YIELD_FROM);
+        return PyStackRef_AsPyObjectNew(_PyFrame_StackPeek(frame));
     }
     return NULL;
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-gen_close(PyGenObject *gen, PyObject *args)
+gen_close(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
 {
-    PyObject *retval;
-    int err = 0;
-
+    PyGenObject *gen = _PyGen_CAST(self);
 
     if (gen->gi_frame_state == FRAME_CREATED) {
         gen->gi_frame_state = FRAME_COMPLETED;
@@ -364,7 +380,9 @@ gen_close(PyGenObject *gen, PyObject *args)
     if (FRAME_STATE_FINISHED(gen->gi_frame_state)) {
         Py_RETURN_NONE;
     }
+
     PyObject *yf = _PyGen_yf(gen);
+    int err = 0;
     if (yf) {
         PyFrameState state = gen->gi_frame_state;
         gen->gi_frame_state = FRAME_EXECUTING;
@@ -372,7 +390,7 @@ gen_close(PyGenObject *gen, PyObject *args)
         gen->gi_frame_state = state;
         Py_DECREF(yf);
     }
-    _PyInterpreterFrame *frame = (_PyInterpreterFrame *)gen->gi_iframe;
+    _PyInterpreterFrame *frame = &gen->gi_iframe;
     if (is_resume(frame->instr_ptr)) {
         /* We can safely ignore the outermost try block
          * as it is automatically generated to handle
@@ -382,14 +400,15 @@ gen_close(PyGenObject *gen, PyObject *args)
             // RESUME after YIELD_VALUE and exception depth is 1
             assert((oparg & RESUME_OPARG_LOCATION_MASK) != RESUME_AT_FUNC_START);
             gen->gi_frame_state = FRAME_COMPLETED;
-            _PyFrame_ClearLocals((_PyInterpreterFrame *)gen->gi_iframe);
+            _PyFrame_ClearLocals(&gen->gi_iframe);
             Py_RETURN_NONE;
         }
     }
     if (err == 0) {
         PyErr_SetNone(PyExc_GeneratorExit);
     }
-    retval = gen_send_ex(gen, Py_None, 1, 1);
+
+    PyObject *retval = gen_send_ex(gen, Py_None, 1, 1);
     if (retval) {
         const char *msg = "generator ignored GeneratorExit";
         if (PyCoro_CheckExact(gen)) {
@@ -402,10 +421,12 @@ gen_close(PyGenObject *gen, PyObject *args)
         return NULL;
     }
     assert(PyErr_Occurred());
+
     if (PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_GeneratorExit)) {
         PyErr_Clear();          /* ignore this error */
         Py_RETURN_NONE;
     }
+
     /* if the generator returned a value while closing, StopIteration was
      * raised in gen_send_ex() above; retrieve and return the value here */
     if (_PyGen_FetchStopIterationValue(&retval) == 0) {
@@ -434,7 +455,7 @@ _gen_throw(PyGenObject *gen, int close_on_genexit,
     PyObject *yf = _PyGen_yf(gen);
 
     if (yf) {
-        _PyInterpreterFrame *frame = (_PyInterpreterFrame *)gen->gi_iframe;
+        _PyInterpreterFrame *frame = &gen->gi_iframe;
         PyObject *ret;
         int err;
         if (PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(typ, PyExc_GeneratorExit) &&
@@ -585,10 +606,12 @@ gen_throw(PyGenObject *gen, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
 
 
 static PyObject *
-gen_iternext(PyGenObject *gen)
+gen_iternext(PyObject *self)
 {
+    assert(PyGen_CheckExact(self) || PyCoro_CheckExact(self));
+    PyGenObject *gen = _PyGen_CAST(self);
+
     PyObject *result;
-    assert(PyGen_CheckExact(gen) || PyCoro_CheckExact(gen));
     if (gen_send_ex2(gen, NULL, &result, 0, 0) == PYGEN_RETURN) {
         if (result != Py_None) {
             _PyGen_SetStopIterationValue(result);
@@ -662,21 +685,24 @@ _PyGen_FetchStopIterationValue(PyObject **pvalue)
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-gen_repr(PyGenObject *gen)
+gen_repr(PyObject *self)
 {
+    PyGenObject *gen = _PyGen_CAST(self);
     return PyUnicode_FromFormat("<generator object %S at %p>",
                                 gen->gi_qualname, gen);
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-gen_get_name(PyGenObject *op, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
+gen_get_name(PyObject *self, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
+    PyGenObject *op = _PyGen_CAST(self);
     return Py_NewRef(op->gi_name);
 }
 
 static int
-gen_set_name(PyGenObject *op, PyObject *value, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
+gen_set_name(PyObject *self, PyObject *value, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
+    PyGenObject *op = _PyGen_CAST(self);
     /* Not legal to del gen.gi_name or to set it to anything
      * other than a string object. */
     if (value == NULL || !PyUnicode_Check(value)) {
@@ -689,14 +715,16 @@ gen_set_name(PyGenObject *op, PyObject *value, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-gen_get_qualname(PyGenObject *op, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
+gen_get_qualname(PyObject *self, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
+    PyGenObject *op = _PyGen_CAST(self);
     return Py_NewRef(op->gi_qualname);
 }
 
 static int
-gen_set_qualname(PyGenObject *op, PyObject *value, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
+gen_set_qualname(PyObject *self, PyObject *value, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
+    PyGenObject *op = _PyGen_CAST(self);
     /* Not legal to del gen.__qualname__ or to set it to anything
      * other than a string object. */
     if (value == NULL || !PyUnicode_Check(value)) {
@@ -709,18 +737,20 @@ gen_set_qualname(PyGenObject *op, PyObject *value, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-gen_getyieldfrom(PyGenObject *gen, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
+gen_getyieldfrom(PyObject *gen, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
-    PyObject *yf = _PyGen_yf(gen);
-    if (yf == NULL)
+    PyObject *yf = _PyGen_yf(_PyGen_CAST(gen));
+    if (yf == NULL) {
         Py_RETURN_NONE;
+    }
     return yf;
 }
 
 
 static PyObject *
-gen_getrunning(PyGenObject *gen, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
+gen_getrunning(PyObject *self, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
+    PyGenObject *gen = _PyGen_CAST(self);
     if (gen->gi_frame_state == FRAME_EXECUTING) {
         Py_RETURN_TRUE;
     }
@@ -728,8 +758,9 @@ gen_getrunning(PyGenObject *gen, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-gen_getsuspended(PyGenObject *gen, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
+gen_getsuspended(PyObject *self, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
+    PyGenObject *gen = _PyGen_CAST(self);
     return PyBool_FromLong(FRAME_STATE_SUSPENDED(gen->gi_frame_state));
 }
 
@@ -742,12 +773,13 @@ _gen_getframe(PyGenObject *gen, const char *const name)
     if (FRAME_STATE_FINISHED(gen->gi_frame_state)) {
         Py_RETURN_NONE;
     }
-    return _Py_XNewRef((PyObject *)_PyFrame_GetFrameObject((_PyInterpreterFrame *)gen->gi_iframe));
+    return _Py_XNewRef((PyObject *)_PyFrame_GetFrameObject(&gen->gi_iframe));
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-gen_getframe(PyGenObject *gen, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
+gen_getframe(PyObject *self, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
+    PyGenObject *gen = _PyGen_CAST(self);
     return _gen_getframe(gen, "gi_frame");
 }
 
@@ -761,22 +793,23 @@ _gen_getcode(PyGenObject *gen, const char *const name)
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-gen_getcode(PyGenObject *gen, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
+gen_getcode(PyObject *self, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
+    PyGenObject *gen = _PyGen_CAST(self);
     return _gen_getcode(gen, "gi_code");
 }
 
 static PyGetSetDef gen_getsetlist[] = {
-    {"__name__", (getter)gen_get_name, (setter)gen_set_name,
+    {"__name__", gen_get_name, gen_set_name,
      PyDoc_STR("name of the generator")},
-    {"__qualname__", (getter)gen_get_qualname, (setter)gen_set_qualname,
+    {"__qualname__", gen_get_qualname, gen_set_qualname,
      PyDoc_STR("qualified name of the generator")},
-    {"gi_yieldfrom", (getter)gen_getyieldfrom, NULL,
+    {"gi_yieldfrom", gen_getyieldfrom, NULL,
      PyDoc_STR("object being iterated by yield from, or None")},
-    {"gi_running", (getter)gen_getrunning, NULL, NULL},
-    {"gi_frame", (getter)gen_getframe,  NULL, NULL},
-    {"gi_suspended", (getter)gen_getsuspended,  NULL, NULL},
-    {"gi_code", (getter)gen_getcode,  NULL, NULL},
+    {"gi_running", gen_getrunning, NULL, NULL},
+    {"gi_frame", gen_getframe,  NULL, NULL},
+    {"gi_suspended", gen_getsuspended,  NULL, NULL},
+    {"gi_code", gen_getcode,  NULL, NULL},
     {NULL} /* Sentinel */
 };
 
@@ -798,9 +831,9 @@ PyDoc_STRVAR(sizeof__doc__,
 "gen.__sizeof__() -> size of gen in memory, in bytes");
 
 static PyMethodDef gen_methods[] = {
-    {"send",(PyCFunction)gen_send, METH_O, send_doc},
-    {"throw",_PyCFunction_CAST(gen_throw), METH_FASTCALL, throw_doc},
-    {"close",(PyCFunction)gen_close, METH_NOARGS, close_doc},
+    {"send", gen_send, METH_O, send_doc},
+    {"throw", _PyCFunction_CAST(gen_throw), METH_FASTCALL, throw_doc},
+    {"close", gen_close, METH_NOARGS, close_doc},
     {"__sizeof__", (PyCFunction)gen_sizeof, METH_NOARGS, sizeof__doc__},
     {"__class_getitem__", Py_GenericAlias, METH_O|METH_CLASS, PyDoc_STR("See PEP 585")},
     {NULL, NULL}        /* Sentinel */
@@ -810,23 +843,22 @@ static PyAsyncMethods gen_as_async = {
     0,                                          /* am_await */
     0,                                          /* am_aiter */
     0,                                          /* am_anext */
-    (sendfunc)PyGen_am_send,                    /* am_send  */
+    PyGen_am_send,                              /* am_send  */
 };
 
 
 PyTypeObject PyGen_Type = {
     PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyType_Type, 0)
     "generator",                                /* tp_name */
-    offsetof(PyGenObject, gi_iframe) +
-    offsetof(_PyInterpreterFrame, localsplus),       /* tp_basicsize */
+    offsetof(PyGenObject, gi_iframe.localsplus), /* tp_basicsize */
     sizeof(PyObject *),                         /* tp_itemsize */
     /* methods */
-    (destructor)gen_dealloc,                    /* tp_dealloc */
+    gen_dealloc,                                /* tp_dealloc */
     0,                                          /* tp_vectorcall_offset */
     0,                                          /* tp_getattr */
     0,                                          /* tp_setattr */
     &gen_as_async,                              /* tp_as_async */
-    (reprfunc)gen_repr,                         /* tp_repr */
+    gen_repr,                                   /* tp_repr */
     0,                                          /* tp_as_number */
     0,                                          /* tp_as_sequence */
     0,                                          /* tp_as_mapping */
@@ -838,12 +870,12 @@ PyTypeObject PyGen_Type = {
     0,                                          /* tp_as_buffer */
     Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC,    /* tp_flags */
     0,                                          /* tp_doc */
-    (traverseproc)gen_traverse,                 /* tp_traverse */
+    gen_traverse,                               /* tp_traverse */
     0,                                          /* tp_clear */
     0,                                          /* tp_richcompare */
     offsetof(PyGenObject, gi_weakreflist),      /* tp_weaklistoffset */
     PyObject_SelfIter,                          /* tp_iter */
-    (iternextfunc)gen_iternext,                 /* tp_iternext */
+    gen_iternext,                               /* tp_iternext */
     gen_methods,                                /* tp_methods */
     gen_memberlist,                             /* tp_members */
     gen_getsetlist,                             /* tp_getset */
@@ -902,17 +934,18 @@ _Py_MakeCoro(PyFunctionObject *func)
         return make_gen(&PyGen_Type, func);
     }
     if (coro_flags == CO_ASYNC_GENERATOR) {
-        PyAsyncGenObject *o;
-        o = (PyAsyncGenObject *)make_gen(&PyAsyncGen_Type, func);
-        if (o == NULL) {
+        PyAsyncGenObject *ag;
+        ag = (PyAsyncGenObject *)make_gen(&PyAsyncGen_Type, func);
+        if (ag == NULL) {
             return NULL;
         }
-        o->ag_origin_or_finalizer = NULL;
-        o->ag_closed = 0;
-        o->ag_hooks_inited = 0;
-        o->ag_running_async = 0;
-        return (PyObject*)o;
+        ag->ag_origin_or_finalizer = NULL;
+        ag->ag_closed = 0;
+        ag->ag_hooks_inited = 0;
+        ag->ag_running_async = 0;
+        return (PyObject*)ag;
     }
+
     assert (coro_flags == CO_COROUTINE);
     PyObject *coro = make_gen(&PyCoro_Type, func);
     if (!coro) {
@@ -952,7 +985,7 @@ gen_new_with_qualname(PyTypeObject *type, PyFrameObject *f,
     /* Copy the frame */
     assert(f->f_frame->frame_obj == NULL);
     assert(f->f_frame->owner == FRAME_OWNED_BY_FRAME_OBJECT);
-    _PyInterpreterFrame *frame = (_PyInterpreterFrame *)gen->gi_iframe;
+    _PyInterpreterFrame *frame = &gen->gi_iframe;
     _PyFrame_Copy((_PyInterpreterFrame *)f->_f_frame_data, frame);
     gen->gi_frame_state = FRAME_CREATED;
     assert(frame->frame_obj == f);
@@ -994,6 +1027,11 @@ typedef struct {
     PyCoroObject *cw_coroutine;
 } PyCoroWrapper;
 
+#define _PyCoroWrapper_CAST(op) \
+    (assert(Py_IS_TYPE((op), &_PyCoroWrapper_Type)), \
+     _Py_CAST(PyCoroWrapper*, (op)))
+
+
 static int
 gen_is_coroutine(PyObject *o)
 {
@@ -1050,20 +1088,21 @@ _PyCoro_GetAwaitableIter(PyObject *o)
     }
 
     PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
-                 "object %.100s can't be used in 'await' expression",
+                 "'%.100s' object can't be awaited",
                  ot->tp_name);
     return NULL;
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-coro_repr(PyCoroObject *coro)
+coro_repr(PyObject *self)
 {
+    PyCoroObject *coro = _PyCoroObject_CAST(self);
     return PyUnicode_FromFormat("<coroutine object %S at %p>",
                                 coro->cr_qualname, coro);
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-coro_await(PyCoroObject *coro)
+coro_await(PyObject *coro)
 {
     PyCoroWrapper *cw = PyObject_GC_New(PyCoroWrapper, &_PyCoroWrapper_Type);
     if (cw == NULL) {
@@ -1075,7 +1114,7 @@ coro_await(PyCoroObject *coro)
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-coro_get_cr_await(PyCoroObject *coro, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
+coro_get_cr_await(PyObject *coro, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
     PyObject *yf = _PyGen_yf((PyGenObject *) coro);
     if (yf == NULL)
@@ -1084,8 +1123,9 @@ coro_get_cr_await(PyCoroObject *coro, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-cr_getsuspended(PyCoroObject *coro, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
+cr_getsuspended(PyObject *self, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
+    PyCoroObject *coro = _PyCoroObject_CAST(self);
     if (FRAME_STATE_SUSPENDED(coro->cr_frame_state)) {
         Py_RETURN_TRUE;
     }
@@ -1093,8 +1133,9 @@ cr_getsuspended(PyCoroObject *coro, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-cr_getrunning(PyCoroObject *coro, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
+cr_getrunning(PyObject *self, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
+    PyCoroObject *coro = _PyCoroObject_CAST(self);
     if (coro->cr_frame_state == FRAME_EXECUTING) {
         Py_RETURN_TRUE;
     }
@@ -1102,29 +1143,29 @@ cr_getrunning(PyCoroObject *coro, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-cr_getframe(PyCoroObject *coro, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
+cr_getframe(PyObject *coro, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
-    return _gen_getframe((PyGenObject *)coro, "cr_frame");
+    return _gen_getframe(_PyGen_CAST(coro), "cr_frame");
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-cr_getcode(PyCoroObject *coro, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
+cr_getcode(PyObject *coro, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
-    return _gen_getcode((PyGenObject *)coro, "cr_code");
+    return _gen_getcode(_PyGen_CAST(coro), "cr_code");
 }
 
 
 static PyGetSetDef coro_getsetlist[] = {
-    {"__name__", (getter)gen_get_name, (setter)gen_set_name,
+    {"__name__", gen_get_name, gen_set_name,
      PyDoc_STR("name of the coroutine")},
-    {"__qualname__", (getter)gen_get_qualname, (setter)gen_set_qualname,
+    {"__qualname__", gen_get_qualname, gen_set_qualname,
      PyDoc_STR("qualified name of the coroutine")},
-    {"cr_await", (getter)coro_get_cr_await, NULL,
+    {"cr_await", coro_get_cr_await, NULL,
      PyDoc_STR("object being awaited on, or None")},
-    {"cr_running", (getter)cr_getrunning, NULL, NULL},
-    {"cr_frame", (getter)cr_getframe, NULL, NULL},
-    {"cr_code", (getter)cr_getcode, NULL, NULL},
-    {"cr_suspended", (getter)cr_getsuspended, NULL, NULL},
+    {"cr_running", cr_getrunning, NULL, NULL},
+    {"cr_frame", cr_getframe, NULL, NULL},
+    {"cr_code", cr_getcode, NULL, NULL},
+    {"cr_suspended", cr_getsuspended, NULL, NULL},
     {NULL} /* Sentinel */
 };
 
@@ -1154,34 +1195,33 @@ PyDoc_STRVAR(coro_close_doc,
 "close() -> raise GeneratorExit inside coroutine.");
 
 static PyMethodDef coro_methods[] = {
-    {"send",(PyCFunction)gen_send, METH_O, coro_send_doc},
+    {"send", gen_send, METH_O, coro_send_doc},
     {"throw",_PyCFunction_CAST(gen_throw), METH_FASTCALL, coro_throw_doc},
-    {"close",(PyCFunction)gen_close, METH_NOARGS, coro_close_doc},
+    {"close", gen_close, METH_NOARGS, coro_close_doc},
     {"__sizeof__", (PyCFunction)gen_sizeof, METH_NOARGS, sizeof__doc__},
     {"__class_getitem__", Py_GenericAlias, METH_O|METH_CLASS, PyDoc_STR("See PEP 585")},
     {NULL, NULL}        /* Sentinel */
 };
 
 static PyAsyncMethods coro_as_async = {
-    (unaryfunc)coro_await,                      /* am_await */
+    coro_await,                                 /* am_await */
     0,                                          /* am_aiter */
     0,                                          /* am_anext */
-    (sendfunc)PyGen_am_send,                    /* am_send  */
+    PyGen_am_send,                              /* am_send  */
 };
 
 PyTypeObject PyCoro_Type = {
     PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyType_Type, 0)
     "coroutine",                                /* tp_name */
-    offsetof(PyCoroObject, cr_iframe) +
-    offsetof(_PyInterpreterFrame, localsplus),       /* tp_basicsize */
+    offsetof(PyCoroObject, cr_iframe.localsplus),/* tp_basicsize */
     sizeof(PyObject *),                         /* tp_itemsize */
     /* methods */
-    (destructor)gen_dealloc,                    /* tp_dealloc */
+    gen_dealloc,                                /* tp_dealloc */
     0,                                          /* tp_vectorcall_offset */
     0,                                          /* tp_getattr */
     0,                                          /* tp_setattr */
     &coro_as_async,                             /* tp_as_async */
-    (reprfunc)coro_repr,                        /* tp_repr */
+    coro_repr,                                  /* tp_repr */
     0,                                          /* tp_as_number */
     0,                                          /* tp_as_sequence */
     0,                                          /* tp_as_mapping */
@@ -1193,7 +1233,7 @@ PyTypeObject PyCoro_Type = {
     0,                                          /* tp_as_buffer */
     Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC,    /* tp_flags */
     0,                                          /* tp_doc */
-    (traverseproc)gen_traverse,                 /* tp_traverse */
+    gen_traverse,                               /* tp_traverse */
     0,                                          /* tp_clear */
     0,                                          /* tp_richcompare */
     offsetof(PyCoroObject, cr_weakreflist),     /* tp_weaklistoffset */
@@ -1223,49 +1263,55 @@ PyTypeObject PyCoro_Type = {
 };
 
 static void
-coro_wrapper_dealloc(PyCoroWrapper *cw)
+coro_wrapper_dealloc(PyObject *self)
 {
+    PyCoroWrapper *cw = _PyCoroWrapper_CAST(self);
     _PyObject_GC_UNTRACK((PyObject *)cw);
     Py_CLEAR(cw->cw_coroutine);
     PyObject_GC_Del(cw);
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-coro_wrapper_iternext(PyCoroWrapper *cw)
+coro_wrapper_iternext(PyObject *self)
 {
-    return gen_iternext((PyGenObject *)cw->cw_coroutine);
+    PyCoroWrapper *cw = _PyCoroWrapper_CAST(self);
+    return gen_iternext((PyObject *)cw->cw_coroutine);
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-coro_wrapper_send(PyCoroWrapper *cw, PyObject *arg)
+coro_wrapper_send(PyObject *self, PyObject *arg)
 {
-    return gen_send((PyGenObject *)cw->cw_coroutine, arg);
+    PyCoroWrapper *cw = _PyCoroWrapper_CAST(self);
+    return gen_send((PyObject *)cw->cw_coroutine, arg);
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-coro_wrapper_throw(PyCoroWrapper *cw, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
+coro_wrapper_throw(PyObject *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
 {
+    PyCoroWrapper *cw = _PyCoroWrapper_CAST(self);
     return gen_throw((PyGenObject *)cw->cw_coroutine, args, nargs);
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-coro_wrapper_close(PyCoroWrapper *cw, PyObject *args)
+coro_wrapper_close(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
 {
-    return gen_close((PyGenObject *)cw->cw_coroutine, args);
+    PyCoroWrapper *cw = _PyCoroWrapper_CAST(self);
+    return gen_close((PyObject *)cw->cw_coroutine, args);
 }
 
 static int
-coro_wrapper_traverse(PyCoroWrapper *cw, visitproc visit, void *arg)
+coro_wrapper_traverse(PyObject *self, visitproc visit, void *arg)
 {
+    PyCoroWrapper *cw = _PyCoroWrapper_CAST(self);
     Py_VISIT((PyObject *)cw->cw_coroutine);
     return 0;
 }
 
 static PyMethodDef coro_wrapper_methods[] = {
-    {"send",(PyCFunction)coro_wrapper_send, METH_O, coro_send_doc},
-    {"throw",_PyCFunction_CAST(coro_wrapper_throw),
-    METH_FASTCALL, coro_throw_doc},
-    {"close",(PyCFunction)coro_wrapper_close, METH_NOARGS, coro_close_doc},
+    {"send", coro_wrapper_send, METH_O, coro_send_doc},
+    {"throw", _PyCFunction_CAST(coro_wrapper_throw), METH_FASTCALL,
+     coro_throw_doc},
+    {"close", coro_wrapper_close, METH_NOARGS, coro_close_doc},
     {NULL, NULL}        /* Sentinel */
 };
 
@@ -1274,7 +1320,7 @@ PyTypeObject _PyCoroWrapper_Type = {
     "coroutine_wrapper",
     sizeof(PyCoroWrapper),                      /* tp_basicsize */
     0,                                          /* tp_itemsize */
-    (destructor)coro_wrapper_dealloc,           /* destructor tp_dealloc */
+    coro_wrapper_dealloc,                       /* destructor tp_dealloc */
     0,                                          /* tp_vectorcall_offset */
     0,                                          /* tp_getattr */
     0,                                          /* tp_setattr */
@@ -1291,12 +1337,12 @@ PyTypeObject _PyCoroWrapper_Type = {
     0,                                          /* tp_as_buffer */
     Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC,    /* tp_flags */
     "A wrapper object implementing __await__ for coroutines.",
-    (traverseproc)coro_wrapper_traverse,        /* tp_traverse */
+    coro_wrapper_traverse,                      /* tp_traverse */
     0,                                          /* tp_clear */
     0,                                          /* tp_richcompare */
     0,                                          /* tp_weaklistoffset */
     PyObject_SelfIter,                          /* tp_iter */
-    (iternextfunc)coro_wrapper_iternext,        /* tp_iternext */
+    coro_wrapper_iternext,                      /* tp_iternext */
     coro_wrapper_methods,                       /* tp_methods */
     0,                                          /* tp_members */
     0,                                          /* tp_getset */
@@ -1390,6 +1436,9 @@ typedef struct PyAsyncGenASend {
     AwaitableState ags_state;
 } PyAsyncGenASend;
 
+#define _PyAsyncGenASend_CAST(op) \
+    _Py_CAST(PyAsyncGenASend*, (op))
+
 
 typedef struct PyAsyncGenAThrow {
     PyObject_HEAD
@@ -1411,19 +1460,24 @@ typedef struct _PyAsyncGenWrappedValue {
 
 #define _PyAsyncGenWrappedValue_CheckExact(o) \
                     Py_IS_TYPE(o, &_PyAsyncGenWrappedValue_Type)
+#define _PyAsyncGenWrappedValue_CAST(op) \
+    (assert(_PyAsyncGenWrappedValue_CheckExact(op)), \
+     _Py_CAST(_PyAsyncGenWrappedValue*, (op)))
 
 
 static int
-async_gen_traverse(PyAsyncGenObject *gen, visitproc visit, void *arg)
+async_gen_traverse(PyObject *self, visitproc visit, void *arg)
 {
-    Py_VISIT(gen->ag_origin_or_finalizer);
-    return gen_traverse((PyGenObject*)gen, visit, arg);
+    PyAsyncGenObject *ag = _PyAsyncGenObject_CAST(self);
+    Py_VISIT(ag->ag_origin_or_finalizer);
+    return gen_traverse((PyObject*)ag, visit, arg);
 }
 
 
 static PyObject *
-async_gen_repr(PyAsyncGenObject *o)
+async_gen_repr(PyObject *self)
 {
+    PyAsyncGenObject *o = _PyAsyncGenObject_CAST(self);
     return PyUnicode_FromFormat("<async_generator object %S at %p>",
                                 o->ag_qualname, o);
 }
@@ -1467,12 +1521,13 @@ async_gen_init_hooks(PyAsyncGenObject *o)
 
 
 static PyObject *
-async_gen_anext(PyAsyncGenObject *o)
+async_gen_anext(PyObject *self)
 {
-    if (async_gen_init_hooks(o)) {
+    PyAsyncGenObject *ag = _PyAsyncGenObject_CAST(self);
+    if (async_gen_init_hooks(ag)) {
         return NULL;
     }
-    return async_gen_asend_new(o, NULL);
+    return async_gen_asend_new(ag, NULL);
 }
 
 
@@ -1513,20 +1568,21 @@ async_gen_athrow(PyAsyncGenObject *o, PyObject *args)
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-ag_getframe(PyAsyncGenObject *ag, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
+ag_getframe(PyObject *ag, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
     return _gen_getframe((PyGenObject *)ag, "ag_frame");
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-ag_getcode(PyGenObject *gen, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
+ag_getcode(PyObject *gen, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
-    return _gen_getcode(gen, "ag_code");
+    return _gen_getcode((PyGenObject*)gen, "ag_code");
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-ag_getsuspended(PyAsyncGenObject *ag, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
+ag_getsuspended(PyObject *self, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
+    PyAsyncGenObject *ag = _PyAsyncGenObject_CAST(self);
     if (FRAME_STATE_SUSPENDED(ag->ag_frame_state)) {
         Py_RETURN_TRUE;
     }
@@ -1534,15 +1590,15 @@ ag_getsuspended(PyAsyncGenObject *ag, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 }
 
 static PyGetSetDef async_gen_getsetlist[] = {
-    {"__name__", (getter)gen_get_name, (setter)gen_set_name,
+    {"__name__", gen_get_name, gen_set_name,
      PyDoc_STR("name of the async generator")},
-    {"__qualname__", (getter)gen_get_qualname, (setter)gen_set_qualname,
+    {"__qualname__", gen_get_qualname, gen_set_qualname,
      PyDoc_STR("qualified name of the async generator")},
-    {"ag_await", (getter)coro_get_cr_await, NULL,
+    {"ag_await", coro_get_cr_await, NULL,
      PyDoc_STR("object being awaited on, or None")},
-     {"ag_frame",  (getter)ag_getframe, NULL, NULL},
-     {"ag_code",  (getter)ag_getcode, NULL, NULL},
-     {"ag_suspended",  (getter)ag_getsuspended, NULL, NULL},
+     {"ag_frame", ag_getframe, NULL, NULL},
+     {"ag_code", ag_getcode, NULL, NULL},
+     {"ag_suspended", ag_getsuspended, NULL, NULL},
     {NULL} /* Sentinel */
 };
 
@@ -1583,24 +1639,23 @@ static PyMethodDef async_gen_methods[] = {
 static PyAsyncMethods async_gen_as_async = {
     0,                                          /* am_await */
     PyObject_SelfIter,                          /* am_aiter */
-    (unaryfunc)async_gen_anext,                 /* am_anext */
-    (sendfunc)PyGen_am_send,                    /* am_send  */
+    async_gen_anext,                            /* am_anext */
+    PyGen_am_send,                              /* am_send  */
 };
 
 
 PyTypeObject PyAsyncGen_Type = {
     PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyType_Type, 0)
     "async_generator",                          /* tp_name */
-    offsetof(PyAsyncGenObject, ag_iframe) +
-    offsetof(_PyInterpreterFrame, localsplus),       /* tp_basicsize */
+    offsetof(PyAsyncGenObject, ag_iframe.localsplus), /* tp_basicsize */
     sizeof(PyObject *),                         /* tp_itemsize */
     /* methods */
-    (destructor)gen_dealloc,                    /* tp_dealloc */
+    gen_dealloc,                                /* tp_dealloc */
     0,                                          /* tp_vectorcall_offset */
     0,                                          /* tp_getattr */
     0,                                          /* tp_setattr */
     &async_gen_as_async,                        /* tp_as_async */
-    (reprfunc)async_gen_repr,                   /* tp_repr */
+    async_gen_repr,                             /* tp_repr */
     0,                                          /* tp_as_number */
     0,                                          /* tp_as_sequence */
     0,                                          /* tp_as_mapping */
@@ -1612,7 +1667,7 @@ PyTypeObject PyAsyncGen_Type = {
     0,                                          /* tp_as_buffer */
     Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC,    /* tp_flags */
     0,                                          /* tp_doc */
-    (traverseproc)async_gen_traverse,           /* tp_traverse */
+    async_gen_traverse,                         /* tp_traverse */
     0,                                          /* tp_clear */
     0,                                          /* tp_richcompare */
     offsetof(PyAsyncGenObject, ag_weakreflist), /* tp_weaklistoffset */
@@ -1642,67 +1697,21 @@ PyTypeObject PyAsyncGen_Type = {
 };
 
 
-#ifdef WITH_FREELISTS
-static struct _Py_async_gen_freelist *
-get_async_gen_freelist(void)
-{
-    struct _Py_object_freelists *freelists = _Py_object_freelists_GET();
-    return &freelists->async_gens;
-}
-
-static struct _Py_async_gen_asend_freelist *
-get_async_gen_asend_freelist(void)
-{
-    struct _Py_object_freelists *freelists = _Py_object_freelists_GET();
-    return &freelists->async_gen_asends;
-}
-#endif
-
-
 PyObject *
 PyAsyncGen_New(PyFrameObject *f, PyObject *name, PyObject *qualname)
 {
-    PyAsyncGenObject *o;
-    o = (PyAsyncGenObject *)gen_new_with_qualname(
-        &PyAsyncGen_Type, f, name, qualname);
-    if (o == NULL) {
+    PyAsyncGenObject *ag;
+    ag = (PyAsyncGenObject *)gen_new_with_qualname(&PyAsyncGen_Type, f,
+                                                   name, qualname);
+    if (ag == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
-    o->ag_origin_or_finalizer = NULL;
-    o->ag_closed = 0;
-    o->ag_hooks_inited = 0;
-    o->ag_running_async = 0;
-    return (PyObject*)o;
-}
-
-
-void
-_PyAsyncGen_ClearFreeLists(struct _Py_object_freelists *freelist_state, int is_finalization)
-{
-#ifdef WITH_FREELISTS
-    struct _Py_async_gen_freelist *freelist = &freelist_state->async_gens;
-
-    while (freelist->numfree > 0) {
-        _PyAsyncGenWrappedValue *o;
-        o = freelist->items[--freelist->numfree];
-        assert(_PyAsyncGenWrappedValue_CheckExact(o));
-        PyObject_GC_Del(o);
-    }
-
-    struct _Py_async_gen_asend_freelist *asend_freelist = &freelist_state->async_gen_asends;
-
-    while (asend_freelist->numfree > 0) {
-        PyAsyncGenASend *o;
-        o = asend_freelist->items[--asend_freelist->numfree];
-        assert(Py_IS_TYPE(o, &_PyAsyncGenASend_Type));
-        PyObject_GC_Del(o);
-    }
 
-    if (is_finalization) {
-        freelist->numfree = -1;
-        asend_freelist->numfree = -1;
-    }
-#endif
+    ag->ag_origin_or_finalizer = NULL;
+    ag->ag_closed = 0;
+    ag->ag_hooks_inited = 0;
+    ag->ag_running_async = 0;
+    return (PyObject*)ag;
 }
 
 static PyObject *
@@ -1739,43 +1748,38 @@ async_gen_unwrap_value(PyAsyncGenObject *gen, PyObject *result)
 
 
 static void
-async_gen_asend_dealloc(PyAsyncGenASend *o)
+async_gen_asend_dealloc(PyObject *self)
 {
-    if (PyObject_CallFinalizerFromDealloc((PyObject *)o)) {
+    assert(PyAsyncGenASend_CheckExact(self));
+    PyAsyncGenASend *ags = _PyAsyncGenASend_CAST(self);
+
+    if (PyObject_CallFinalizerFromDealloc(self)) {
         return;
     }
 
-    _PyObject_GC_UNTRACK((PyObject *)o);
-    Py_CLEAR(o->ags_gen);
-    Py_CLEAR(o->ags_sendval);
-#ifdef WITH_FREELISTS
-    struct _Py_async_gen_asend_freelist *freelist = get_async_gen_asend_freelist();
-    if (freelist->numfree >= 0 && freelist->numfree < _PyAsyncGen_MAXFREELIST) {
-        assert(PyAsyncGenASend_CheckExact(o));
-        _PyGC_CLEAR_FINALIZED((PyObject *)o);
-        freelist->items[freelist->numfree++] = o;
-    }
-    else
-#endif
-    {
-        PyObject_GC_Del(o);
-    }
+    _PyObject_GC_UNTRACK(self);
+    Py_CLEAR(ags->ags_gen);
+    Py_CLEAR(ags->ags_sendval);
+
+    _PyGC_CLEAR_FINALIZED(self);
+
+    _Py_FREELIST_FREE(async_gen_asends, self, PyObject_GC_Del);
 }
 
 static int
-async_gen_asend_traverse(PyAsyncGenASend *o, visitproc visit, void *arg)
+async_gen_asend_traverse(PyObject *self, visitproc visit, void *arg)
 {
-    Py_VISIT(o->ags_gen);
-    Py_VISIT(o->ags_sendval);
+    PyAsyncGenASend *ags = _PyAsyncGenASend_CAST(self);
+    Py_VISIT(ags->ags_gen);
+    Py_VISIT(ags->ags_sendval);
     return 0;
 }
 
 
 static PyObject *
-async_gen_asend_send(PyAsyncGenASend *o, PyObject *arg)
+async_gen_asend_send(PyObject *self, PyObject *arg)
 {
-    PyObject *result;
-
+    PyAsyncGenASend *o = _PyAsyncGenASend_CAST(self);
     if (o->ags_state == AWAITABLE_STATE_CLOSED) {
         PyErr_SetString(
             PyExc_RuntimeError,
@@ -1799,7 +1803,7 @@ async_gen_asend_send(PyAsyncGenASend *o, PyObject *arg)
     }
 
     o->ags_gen->ag_running_async = 1;
-    result = gen_send((PyGenObject*)o->ags_gen, arg);
+    PyObject *result = gen_send((PyObject*)o->ags_gen, arg);
     result = async_gen_unwrap_value(o->ags_gen, result);
 
     if (result == NULL) {
@@ -1811,16 +1815,16 @@ async_gen_asend_send(PyAsyncGenASend *o, PyObject *arg)
 
 
 static PyObject *
-async_gen_asend_iternext(PyAsyncGenASend *o)
+async_gen_asend_iternext(PyObject *ags)
 {
-    return async_gen_asend_send(o, NULL);
+    return async_gen_asend_send(ags, NULL);
 }
 
 
 static PyObject *
-async_gen_asend_throw(PyAsyncGenASend *o, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
+async_gen_asend_throw(PyObject *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
 {
-    PyObject *result;
+    PyAsyncGenASend *o = _PyAsyncGenASend_CAST(self);
 
     if (o->ags_state == AWAITABLE_STATE_CLOSED) {
         PyErr_SetString(
@@ -1842,7 +1846,7 @@ async_gen_asend_throw(PyAsyncGenASend *o, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t narg
         o->ags_gen->ag_running_async = 1;
     }
 
-    result = gen_throw((PyGenObject*)o->ags_gen, args, nargs);
+    PyObject *result = gen_throw((PyGenObject*)o->ags_gen, args, nargs);
     result = async_gen_unwrap_value(o->ags_gen, result);
 
     if (result == NULL) {
@@ -1855,13 +1859,14 @@ async_gen_asend_throw(PyAsyncGenASend *o, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t narg
 
 
 static PyObject *
-async_gen_asend_close(PyAsyncGenASend *o, PyObject *args)
+async_gen_asend_close(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
 {
-    PyObject *result;
+    PyAsyncGenASend *o = _PyAsyncGenASend_CAST(self);
     if (o->ags_state == AWAITABLE_STATE_CLOSED) {
         Py_RETURN_NONE;
     }
-    result = async_gen_asend_throw(o, &PyExc_GeneratorExit, 1);
+
+    PyObject *result = async_gen_asend_throw(self, &PyExc_GeneratorExit, 1);
     if (result == NULL) {
         if (PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_StopIteration) ||
             PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_StopAsyncIteration) ||
@@ -1871,25 +1876,26 @@ async_gen_asend_close(PyAsyncGenASend *o, PyObject *args)
             Py_RETURN_NONE;
         }
         return result;
-    } else {
-        Py_DECREF(result);
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "coroutine ignored GeneratorExit");
-        return NULL;
     }
+
+    Py_DECREF(result);
+    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "coroutine ignored GeneratorExit");
+    return NULL;
 }
 
 static void
-async_gen_asend_finalize(PyAsyncGenASend *o)
+async_gen_asend_finalize(PyObject *self)
 {
-    if (o->ags_state == AWAITABLE_STATE_INIT) {
-        _PyErr_WarnUnawaitedAgenMethod(o->ags_gen, &_Py_ID(asend));
+    PyAsyncGenASend *ags = _PyAsyncGenASend_CAST(self);
+    if (ags->ags_state == AWAITABLE_STATE_INIT) {
+        _PyErr_WarnUnawaitedAgenMethod(ags->ags_gen, &_Py_ID(asend));
     }
 }
 
 static PyMethodDef async_gen_asend_methods[] = {
-    {"send", (PyCFunction)async_gen_asend_send, METH_O, send_doc},
+    {"send", async_gen_asend_send, METH_O, send_doc},
     {"throw", _PyCFunction_CAST(async_gen_asend_throw), METH_FASTCALL, throw_doc},
-    {"close", (PyCFunction)async_gen_asend_close, METH_NOARGS, close_doc},
+    {"close", async_gen_asend_close, METH_NOARGS, close_doc},
     {NULL, NULL}        /* Sentinel */
 };
 
@@ -1908,7 +1914,7 @@ PyTypeObject _PyAsyncGenASend_Type = {
     sizeof(PyAsyncGenASend),                    /* tp_basicsize */
     0,                                          /* tp_itemsize */
     /* methods */
-    (destructor)async_gen_asend_dealloc,        /* tp_dealloc */
+    async_gen_asend_dealloc,                    /* tp_dealloc */
     0,                                          /* tp_vectorcall_offset */
     0,                                          /* tp_getattr */
     0,                                          /* tp_setattr */
@@ -1925,12 +1931,12 @@ PyTypeObject _PyAsyncGenASend_Type = {
     0,                                          /* tp_as_buffer */
     Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC,    /* tp_flags */
     0,                                          /* tp_doc */
-    (traverseproc)async_gen_asend_traverse,     /* tp_traverse */
+    async_gen_asend_traverse,                   /* tp_traverse */
     0,                                          /* tp_clear */
     0,                                          /* tp_richcompare */
     0,                                          /* tp_weaklistoffset */
     PyObject_SelfIter,                          /* tp_iter */
-    (iternextfunc)async_gen_asend_iternext,     /* tp_iternext */
+    async_gen_asend_iternext,                   /* tp_iternext */
     async_gen_asend_methods,                    /* tp_methods */
     0,                                          /* tp_members */
     0,                                          /* tp_getset */
@@ -1942,38 +1948,27 @@ PyTypeObject _PyAsyncGenASend_Type = {
     0,                                          /* tp_init */
     0,                                          /* tp_alloc */
     0,                                          /* tp_new */
-    .tp_finalize = (destructor)async_gen_asend_finalize,
+    .tp_finalize = async_gen_asend_finalize,
 };
 
 
 static PyObject *
 async_gen_asend_new(PyAsyncGenObject *gen, PyObject *sendval)
 {
-    PyAsyncGenASend *o;
-#ifdef WITH_FREELISTS
-    struct _Py_async_gen_asend_freelist *freelist = get_async_gen_asend_freelist();
-    if (freelist->numfree > 0) {
-        freelist->numfree--;
-        o = freelist->items[freelist->numfree];
-        _Py_NewReference((PyObject *)o);
-    }
-    else
-#endif
-    {
-        o = PyObject_GC_New(PyAsyncGenASend, &_PyAsyncGenASend_Type);
-        if (o == NULL) {
+    PyAsyncGenASend *ags = _Py_FREELIST_POP(PyAsyncGenASend, async_gen_asends);
+    if (ags == NULL) {
+        ags = PyObject_GC_New(PyAsyncGenASend, &_PyAsyncGenASend_Type);
+        if (ags == NULL) {
             return NULL;
         }
     }
 
-    o->ags_gen = (PyAsyncGenObject*)Py_NewRef(gen);
-
-    o->ags_sendval = Py_XNewRef(sendval);
+    ags->ags_gen = (PyAsyncGenObject*)Py_NewRef(gen);
+    ags->ags_sendval = Py_XNewRef(sendval);
+    ags->ags_state = AWAITABLE_STATE_INIT;
 
-    o->ags_state = AWAITABLE_STATE_INIT;
-
-    _PyObject_GC_TRACK((PyObject*)o);
-    return (PyObject*)o;
+    _PyObject_GC_TRACK((PyObject*)ags);
+    return (PyObject*)ags;
 }
 
 
@@ -1981,30 +1976,20 @@ async_gen_asend_new(PyAsyncGenObject *gen, PyObject *sendval)
 
 
 static void
-async_gen_wrapped_val_dealloc(_PyAsyncGenWrappedValue *o)
+async_gen_wrapped_val_dealloc(PyObject *self)
 {
-    _PyObject_GC_UNTRACK((PyObject *)o);
-    Py_CLEAR(o->agw_val);
-#ifdef WITH_FREELISTS
-    struct _Py_async_gen_freelist *freelist = get_async_gen_freelist();
-    if (freelist->numfree >= 0 && freelist->numfree < _PyAsyncGen_MAXFREELIST) {
-        assert(_PyAsyncGenWrappedValue_CheckExact(o));
-        freelist->items[freelist->numfree++] = o;
-        OBJECT_STAT_INC(to_freelist);
-    }
-    else
-#endif
-    {
-        PyObject_GC_Del(o);
-    }
+    _PyAsyncGenWrappedValue *agw = _PyAsyncGenWrappedValue_CAST(self);
+    _PyObject_GC_UNTRACK(self);
+    Py_CLEAR(agw->agw_val);
+    _Py_FREELIST_FREE(async_gens, self, PyObject_GC_Del);
 }
 
 
 static int
-async_gen_wrapped_val_traverse(_PyAsyncGenWrappedValue *o,
-                               visitproc visit, void *arg)
+async_gen_wrapped_val_traverse(PyObject *self, visitproc visit, void *arg)
 {
-    Py_VISIT(o->agw_val);
+    _PyAsyncGenWrappedValue *agw = _PyAsyncGenWrappedValue_CAST(self);
+    Py_VISIT(agw->agw_val);
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -2015,7 +2000,7 @@ PyTypeObject _PyAsyncGenWrappedValue_Type = {
     sizeof(_PyAsyncGenWrappedValue),            /* tp_basicsize */
     0,                                          /* tp_itemsize */
     /* methods */
-    (destructor)async_gen_wrapped_val_dealloc,  /* tp_dealloc */
+    async_gen_wrapped_val_dealloc,              /* tp_dealloc */
     0,                                          /* tp_vectorcall_offset */
     0,                                          /* tp_getattr */
     0,                                          /* tp_setattr */
@@ -2032,7 +2017,7 @@ PyTypeObject _PyAsyncGenWrappedValue_Type = {
     0,                                          /* tp_as_buffer */
     Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC,    /* tp_flags */
     0,                                          /* tp_doc */
-    (traverseproc)async_gen_wrapped_val_traverse, /* tp_traverse */
+    async_gen_wrapped_val_traverse,             /* tp_traverse */
     0,                                          /* tp_clear */
     0,                                          /* tp_richcompare */
     0,                                          /* tp_weaklistoffset */
@@ -2055,27 +2040,17 @@ PyTypeObject _PyAsyncGenWrappedValue_Type = {
 PyObject *
 _PyAsyncGenValueWrapperNew(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *val)
 {
-    _PyAsyncGenWrappedValue *o;
     assert(val);
 
-#ifdef WITH_FREELISTS
-    struct _Py_async_gen_freelist *freelist = get_async_gen_freelist();
-    if (freelist->numfree > 0) {
-        freelist->numfree--;
-        o = freelist->items[freelist->numfree];
-        OBJECT_STAT_INC(from_freelist);
-        assert(_PyAsyncGenWrappedValue_CheckExact(o));
-        _Py_NewReference((PyObject*)o);
-    }
-    else
-#endif
-    {
+    _PyAsyncGenWrappedValue *o = _Py_FREELIST_POP(_PyAsyncGenWrappedValue, async_gens);
+    if (o == NULL) {
         o = PyObject_GC_New(_PyAsyncGenWrappedValue,
                             &_PyAsyncGenWrappedValue_Type);
         if (o == NULL) {
             return NULL;
         }
     }
+    assert(_PyAsyncGenWrappedValue_CheckExact(o));
     o->agw_val = Py_NewRef(val);
     _PyObject_GC_TRACK((PyObject*)o);
     return (PyObject*)o;
@@ -2084,34 +2059,40 @@ _PyAsyncGenValueWrapperNew(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *val)
 
 /* ---------- Async Generator AThrow awaitable ------------ */
 
+#define _PyAsyncGenAThrow_CAST(op) \
+    (assert(Py_IS_TYPE((op), &_PyAsyncGenAThrow_Type)), \
+     _Py_CAST(PyAsyncGenAThrow*, (op)))
 
 static void
-async_gen_athrow_dealloc(PyAsyncGenAThrow *o)
+async_gen_athrow_dealloc(PyObject *self)
 {
-    if (PyObject_CallFinalizerFromDealloc((PyObject *)o)) {
+    PyAsyncGenAThrow *agt = _PyAsyncGenAThrow_CAST(self);
+    if (PyObject_CallFinalizerFromDealloc(self)) {
         return;
     }
 
-    _PyObject_GC_UNTRACK((PyObject *)o);
-    Py_CLEAR(o->agt_gen);
-    Py_CLEAR(o->agt_args);
-    PyObject_GC_Del(o);
+    _PyObject_GC_UNTRACK(self);
+    Py_CLEAR(agt->agt_gen);
+    Py_CLEAR(agt->agt_args);
+    PyObject_GC_Del(self);
 }
 
 
 static int
-async_gen_athrow_traverse(PyAsyncGenAThrow *o, visitproc visit, void *arg)
+async_gen_athrow_traverse(PyObject *self, visitproc visit, void *arg)
 {
-    Py_VISIT(o->agt_gen);
-    Py_VISIT(o->agt_args);
+    PyAsyncGenAThrow *agt = _PyAsyncGenAThrow_CAST(self);
+    Py_VISIT(agt->agt_gen);
+    Py_VISIT(agt->agt_args);
     return 0;
 }
 
 
 static PyObject *
-async_gen_athrow_send(PyAsyncGenAThrow *o, PyObject *arg)
+async_gen_athrow_send(PyObject *self, PyObject *arg)
 {
-    PyGenObject *gen = (PyGenObject*)o->agt_gen;
+    PyAsyncGenAThrow *o = _PyAsyncGenAThrow_CAST(self);
+    PyGenObject *gen = _PyGen_CAST(o->agt_gen);
     PyObject *retval;
 
     if (o->agt_state == AWAITABLE_STATE_CLOSED) {
@@ -2194,7 +2175,7 @@ async_gen_athrow_send(PyAsyncGenAThrow *o, PyObject *arg)
 
     assert(o->agt_state == AWAITABLE_STATE_ITER);
 
-    retval = gen_send((PyGenObject *)gen, arg);
+    retval = gen_send((PyObject *)gen, arg);
     if (o->agt_args) {
         return async_gen_unwrap_value(o->agt_gen, retval);
     } else {
@@ -2241,9 +2222,9 @@ async_gen_athrow_send(PyAsyncGenAThrow *o, PyObject *arg)
 
 
 static PyObject *
-async_gen_athrow_throw(PyAsyncGenAThrow *o, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
+async_gen_athrow_throw(PyObject *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
 {
-    PyObject *retval;
+    PyAsyncGenAThrow *o = _PyAsyncGenAThrow_CAST(self);
 
     if (o->agt_state == AWAITABLE_STATE_CLOSED) {
         PyErr_SetString(
@@ -2272,7 +2253,7 @@ async_gen_athrow_throw(PyAsyncGenAThrow *o, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t na
         o->agt_gen->ag_running_async = 1;
     }
 
-    retval = gen_throw((PyGenObject*)o->agt_gen, args, nargs);
+    PyObject *retval = gen_throw((PyGenObject*)o->agt_gen, args, nargs);
     if (o->agt_args) {
         retval = async_gen_unwrap_value(o->agt_gen, retval);
         if (retval == NULL) {
@@ -2280,7 +2261,8 @@ async_gen_athrow_throw(PyAsyncGenAThrow *o, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t na
             o->agt_state = AWAITABLE_STATE_CLOSED;
         }
         return retval;
-    } else {
+    }
+    else {
         /* aclose() mode */
         if (retval && _PyAsyncGenWrappedValue_CheckExact(retval)) {
             o->agt_gen->ag_running_async = 0;
@@ -2310,20 +2292,21 @@ async_gen_athrow_throw(PyAsyncGenAThrow *o, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t na
 
 
 static PyObject *
-async_gen_athrow_iternext(PyAsyncGenAThrow *o)
+async_gen_athrow_iternext(PyObject *agt)
 {
-    return async_gen_athrow_send(o, Py_None);
+    return async_gen_athrow_send(agt, Py_None);
 }
 
 
 static PyObject *
-async_gen_athrow_close(PyAsyncGenAThrow *o, PyObject *args)
+async_gen_athrow_close(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
 {
-    PyObject *result;
-    if (o->agt_state == AWAITABLE_STATE_CLOSED) {
+    PyAsyncGenAThrow *agt = _PyAsyncGenAThrow_CAST(self);
+    if (agt->agt_state == AWAITABLE_STATE_CLOSED) {
         Py_RETURN_NONE;
     }
-    result = async_gen_athrow_throw(o, &PyExc_GeneratorExit, 1);
+    PyObject *result = async_gen_athrow_throw((PyObject*)agt,
+                                              &PyExc_GeneratorExit, 1);
     if (result == NULL) {
         if (PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_StopIteration) ||
             PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_StopAsyncIteration) ||
@@ -2351,10 +2334,10 @@ async_gen_athrow_finalize(PyAsyncGenAThrow *o)
 }
 
 static PyMethodDef async_gen_athrow_methods[] = {
-    {"send", (PyCFunction)async_gen_athrow_send, METH_O, send_doc},
+    {"send", async_gen_athrow_send, METH_O, send_doc},
     {"throw", _PyCFunction_CAST(async_gen_athrow_throw),
     METH_FASTCALL, throw_doc},
-    {"close", (PyCFunction)async_gen_athrow_close, METH_NOARGS, close_doc},
+    {"close", async_gen_athrow_close, METH_NOARGS, close_doc},
     {NULL, NULL}        /* Sentinel */
 };
 
@@ -2373,7 +2356,7 @@ PyTypeObject _PyAsyncGenAThrow_Type = {
     sizeof(PyAsyncGenAThrow),                   /* tp_basicsize */
     0,                                          /* tp_itemsize */
     /* methods */
-    (destructor)async_gen_athrow_dealloc,       /* tp_dealloc */
+    async_gen_athrow_dealloc,                   /* tp_dealloc */
     0,                                          /* tp_vectorcall_offset */
     0,                                          /* tp_getattr */
     0,                                          /* tp_setattr */
@@ -2390,12 +2373,12 @@ PyTypeObject _PyAsyncGenAThrow_Type = {
     0,                                          /* tp_as_buffer */
     Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC,    /* tp_flags */
     0,                                          /* tp_doc */
-    (traverseproc)async_gen_athrow_traverse,    /* tp_traverse */
+    async_gen_athrow_traverse,                  /* tp_traverse */
     0,                                          /* tp_clear */
     0,                                          /* tp_richcompare */
     0,                                          /* tp_weaklistoffset */
     PyObject_SelfIter,                          /* tp_iter */
-    (iternextfunc)async_gen_athrow_iternext,    /* tp_iternext */
+    async_gen_athrow_iternext,                  /* tp_iternext */
     async_gen_athrow_methods,                   /* tp_methods */
     0,                                          /* tp_members */
     0,                                          /* tp_getset */
diff --git a/Objects/listobject.c b/Objects/listobject.c
index d09bb6391034d1..930aefde325a7c 100644
--- a/Objects/listobject.c
+++ b/Objects/listobject.c
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include "pycore_abstract.h"      // _PyIndex_Check()
 #include "pycore_ceval.h"         // _PyEval_GetBuiltin()
 #include "pycore_dict.h"          // _PyDictViewObject
+#include "pycore_freelist.h"      // _Py_FREELIST_FREE(), _Py_FREELIST_POP()
 #include "pycore_pyatomic_ft_wrappers.h"
 #include "pycore_interp.h"        // PyInterpreterState.list
 #include "pycore_list.h"          // struct _Py_list_freelist, _PyListIterObject
@@ -23,16 +24,6 @@ class list "PyListObject *" "&PyList_Type"
 
 _Py_DECLARE_STR(list_err, "list index out of range");
 
-#ifdef WITH_FREELISTS
-static struct _Py_list_freelist *
-get_list_freelist(void)
-{
-    struct _Py_object_freelists *freelists = _Py_object_freelists_GET();
-    assert(freelists != NULL);
-    return &freelists->lists;
-}
-#endif
-
 #ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
 typedef struct {
     Py_ssize_t allocated;
@@ -205,55 +196,26 @@ list_preallocate_exact(PyListObject *self, Py_ssize_t size)
     return 0;
 }
 
-void
-_PyList_ClearFreeList(struct _Py_object_freelists *freelists, int is_finalization)
-{
-#ifdef WITH_FREELISTS
-    struct _Py_list_freelist *state = &freelists->lists;
-    while (state->numfree > 0) {
-        PyListObject *op = state->items[--state->numfree];
-        assert(PyList_CheckExact(op));
-        PyObject_GC_Del(op);
-    }
-    if (is_finalization) {
-        state->numfree = -1;
-    }
-#endif
-}
-
 /* Print summary info about the state of the optimized allocator */
 void
 _PyList_DebugMallocStats(FILE *out)
 {
-#ifdef WITH_FREELISTS
-    struct _Py_list_freelist *list_freelist = get_list_freelist();
     _PyDebugAllocatorStats(out,
                            "free PyListObject",
-                           list_freelist->numfree, sizeof(PyListObject));
-#endif
+                            _Py_FREELIST_SIZE(lists),
+                           sizeof(PyListObject));
 }
 
 PyObject *
 PyList_New(Py_ssize_t size)
 {
-    PyListObject *op;
-
     if (size < 0) {
         PyErr_BadInternalCall();
         return NULL;
     }
 
-#ifdef WITH_FREELISTS
-    struct _Py_list_freelist *list_freelist = get_list_freelist();
-    if (PyList_MAXFREELIST && list_freelist->numfree > 0) {
-        list_freelist->numfree--;
-        op = list_freelist->items[list_freelist->numfree];
-        OBJECT_STAT_INC(from_freelist);
-        _Py_NewReference((PyObject *)op);
-    }
-    else
-#endif
-    {
+    PyListObject *op = _Py_FREELIST_POP(PyListObject, lists);
+    if (op == NULL) {
         op = PyObject_GC_New(PyListObject, &PyList_Type);
         if (op == NULL) {
             return NULL;
@@ -452,7 +414,7 @@ PyList_SetItem(PyObject *op, Py_ssize_t i,
     p = self->ob_item + i;
     Py_XSETREF(*p, newitem);
     ret = 0;
-end:
+end:;
     Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
     return ret;
 }
@@ -548,16 +510,11 @@ list_dealloc(PyObject *self)
         }
         free_list_items(op->ob_item, false);
     }
-#ifdef WITH_FREELISTS
-    struct _Py_list_freelist *list_freelist = get_list_freelist();
-    if (list_freelist->numfree < PyList_MAXFREELIST && list_freelist->numfree >= 0 && PyList_CheckExact(op)) {
-        list_freelist->items[list_freelist->numfree++] = op;
-        OBJECT_STAT_INC(to_freelist);
+    if (PyList_CheckExact(op)) {
+        _Py_FREELIST_FREE(lists, op, PyObject_GC_Del);
     }
-    else
-#endif
-    {
-        Py_TYPE(op)->tp_free((PyObject *)op);
+    else {
+        PyObject_GC_Del(op);
     }
     Py_TRASHCAN_END
 }
@@ -565,49 +522,48 @@ list_dealloc(PyObject *self)
 static PyObject *
 list_repr_impl(PyListObject *v)
 {
-    PyObject *s;
-    _PyUnicodeWriter writer;
-    Py_ssize_t i = Py_ReprEnter((PyObject*)v);
-    if (i != 0) {
-        return i > 0 ? PyUnicode_FromString("[...]") : NULL;
+    int res = Py_ReprEnter((PyObject*)v);
+    if (res != 0) {
+        return (res > 0 ? PyUnicode_FromString("[...]") : NULL);
     }
 
-    _PyUnicodeWriter_Init(&writer);
-    writer.overallocate = 1;
     /* "[" + "1" + ", 2" * (len - 1) + "]" */
-    writer.min_length = 1 + 1 + (2 + 1) * (Py_SIZE(v) - 1) + 1;
+    Py_ssize_t prealloc = 1 + 1 + (2 + 1) * (Py_SIZE(v) - 1) + 1;
+    PyUnicodeWriter *writer = PyUnicodeWriter_Create(prealloc);
+    if (writer == NULL) {
+        goto error;
+    }
 
-    if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar(&writer, '[') < 0)
+    if (PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar(writer, '[') < 0) {
         goto error;
+    }
 
     /* Do repr() on each element.  Note that this may mutate the list,
        so must refetch the list size on each iteration. */
-    for (i = 0; i < Py_SIZE(v); ++i) {
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < Py_SIZE(v); ++i) {
         if (i > 0) {
-            if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteASCIIString(&writer, ", ", 2) < 0)
+            if (PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar(writer, ',') < 0) {
                 goto error;
+            }
+            if (PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar(writer, ' ') < 0) {
+                goto error;
+            }
         }
 
-        s = PyObject_Repr(v->ob_item[i]);
-        if (s == NULL)
-            goto error;
-
-        if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteStr(&writer, s) < 0) {
-            Py_DECREF(s);
+        if (PyUnicodeWriter_WriteRepr(writer, v->ob_item[i]) < 0) {
             goto error;
         }
-        Py_DECREF(s);
     }
 
-    writer.overallocate = 0;
-    if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar(&writer, ']') < 0)
+    if (PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar(writer, ']') < 0) {
         goto error;
+    }
 
     Py_ReprLeave((PyObject *)v);
-    return _PyUnicodeWriter_Finish(&writer);
+    return PyUnicodeWriter_Finish(writer);
 
 error:
-    _PyUnicodeWriter_Dealloc(&writer);
+    PyUnicodeWriter_Discard(writer);
     Py_ReprLeave((PyObject *)v);
     return NULL;
 }
@@ -1866,7 +1822,7 @@ count_run(MergeState *ms, sortslice *slo, Py_ssize_t nremaining)
     /* In general, as things go on we've established that the slice starts
        with a monotone run of n elements, starting at lo. */
 
-    /* We're n elements into the slice, and the most recent neq+1 elments are
+    /* We're n elements into the slice, and the most recent neq+1 elements are
      * all equal. This reverses them in-place, and resets neq for reuse.
      */
 #define REVERSE_LAST_NEQ                        \
@@ -1918,7 +1874,7 @@ count_run(MergeState *ms, sortslice *slo, Py_ssize_t nremaining)
     Py_ssize_t neq = 0;
     for ( ; n < nremaining; ++n) {
         IF_NEXT_SMALLER {
-            /* This ends the most recent run of equal elments, but still in
+            /* This ends the most recent run of equal elements, but still in
              * the "descending" direction.
              */
             REVERSE_LAST_NEQ
@@ -3183,7 +3139,7 @@ PyList_AsTuple(PyObject *v)
 }
 
 PyObject *
-_PyList_FromArraySteal(PyObject *const *src, Py_ssize_t n)
+_PyList_FromStackRefSteal(const _PyStackRef *src, Py_ssize_t n)
 {
     if (n == 0) {
         return PyList_New(0);
@@ -3192,13 +3148,15 @@ _PyList_FromArraySteal(PyObject *const *src, Py_ssize_t n)
     PyListObject *list = (PyListObject *)PyList_New(n);
     if (list == NULL) {
         for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-            Py_DECREF(src[i]);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(src[i]);
         }
         return NULL;
     }
 
     PyObject **dst = list->ob_item;
-    memcpy(dst, src, n * sizeof(PyObject *));
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        dst[i] = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(src[i]);
+    }
 
     return (PyObject *)list;
 }
@@ -3244,7 +3202,7 @@ list_index_impl(PyListObject *self, PyObject *value, Py_ssize_t start,
         else if (cmp < 0)
             return NULL;
     }
-    PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError, "%R is not in list", value);
+    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "list.index(x): x not in list");
     return NULL;
 }
 
@@ -3382,7 +3340,14 @@ list_richcompare_impl(PyObject *v, PyObject *w, int op)
     }
 
     /* Compare the final item again using the proper operator */
-    return PyObject_RichCompare(vl->ob_item[i], wl->ob_item[i], op);
+    PyObject *vitem = vl->ob_item[i];
+    PyObject *witem = wl->ob_item[i];
+    Py_INCREF(vitem);
+    Py_INCREF(witem);
+    PyObject *result = PyObject_RichCompare(vl->ob_item[i], wl->ob_item[i], op);
+    Py_DECREF(vitem);
+    Py_DECREF(witem);
+    return result;
 }
 
 static PyObject *
@@ -3574,6 +3539,23 @@ list_subscript(PyObject* _self, PyObject* item)
     }
 }
 
+static Py_ssize_t
+adjust_slice_indexes(PyListObject *lst,
+                     Py_ssize_t *start, Py_ssize_t *stop,
+                     Py_ssize_t step)
+{
+    Py_ssize_t slicelength = PySlice_AdjustIndices(Py_SIZE(lst), start, stop,
+                                                   step);
+
+    /* Make sure s[5:2] = [..] inserts at the right place:
+        before 5, not before 2. */
+    if ((step < 0 && *start < *stop) ||
+        (step > 0 && *start > *stop))
+        *stop = *start;
+
+    return slicelength;
+}
+
 static int
 list_ass_subscript(PyObject* _self, PyObject* item, PyObject* value)
 {
@@ -3587,22 +3569,11 @@ list_ass_subscript(PyObject* _self, PyObject* item, PyObject* value)
         return list_ass_item((PyObject *)self, i, value);
     }
     else if (PySlice_Check(item)) {
-        Py_ssize_t start, stop, step, slicelength;
+        Py_ssize_t start, stop, step;
 
         if (PySlice_Unpack(item, &start, &stop, &step) < 0) {
             return -1;
         }
-        slicelength = PySlice_AdjustIndices(Py_SIZE(self), &start, &stop,
-                                            step);
-
-        if (step == 1)
-            return list_ass_slice(self, start, stop, value);
-
-        /* Make sure s[5:2] = [..] inserts at the right place:
-           before 5, not before 2. */
-        if ((step < 0 && start < stop) ||
-            (step > 0 && start > stop))
-            stop = start;
 
         if (value == NULL) {
             /* delete slice */
@@ -3611,6 +3582,12 @@ list_ass_subscript(PyObject* _self, PyObject* item, PyObject* value)
             Py_ssize_t i;
             int res;
 
+            Py_ssize_t slicelength = adjust_slice_indexes(self, &start, &stop,
+                                                          step);
+
+            if (step == 1)
+                return list_ass_slice(self, start, stop, value);
+
             if (slicelength <= 0)
                 return 0;
 
@@ -3688,6 +3665,15 @@ list_ass_subscript(PyObject* _self, PyObject* item, PyObject* value)
             if (!seq)
                 return -1;
 
+            Py_ssize_t slicelength = adjust_slice_indexes(self, &start, &stop,
+                                                          step);
+
+            if (step == 1) {
+                int res = list_ass_slice(self, start, stop, seq);
+                Py_DECREF(seq);
+                return res;
+            }
+
             if (PySequence_Fast_GET_SIZE(seq) != slicelength) {
                 PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
                     "attempt to assign sequence of "
diff --git a/Objects/longobject.c b/Objects/longobject.c
index 9e5b9f523881c6..aa0a60cf6b24cf 100644
--- a/Objects/longobject.c
+++ b/Objects/longobject.c
@@ -31,6 +31,13 @@ class int "PyObject *" "&PyLong_Type"
 /* If defined, use algorithms from the _pylong.py module */
 #define WITH_PYLONG_MODULE 1
 
+// Forward declarations
+static PyLongObject* long_neg(PyLongObject *v);
+static PyLongObject *x_divrem(PyLongObject *, PyLongObject *, PyLongObject **);
+static PyObject* long_long(PyObject *v);
+static PyObject* long_lshift_int64(PyLongObject *a, int64_t shiftby);
+
+
 static inline void
 _Py_DECREF_INT(PyLongObject *op)
 {
@@ -133,8 +140,16 @@ long_normalize(PyLongObject *v)
 /* Allocate a new int object with size digits.
    Return NULL and set exception if we run out of memory. */
 
-#define MAX_LONG_DIGITS \
+#if SIZEOF_SIZE_T < 8
+# define MAX_LONG_DIGITS \
     ((PY_SSIZE_T_MAX - offsetof(PyLongObject, long_value.ob_digit))/sizeof(digit))
+#else
+/* Guarantee that the number of bits fits in int64_t.
+   This is more than an exbibyte, that is more than many of modern
+   architectures support in principle.
+   -1 is added to avoid overflow in _PyLong_Frexp(). */
+# define MAX_LONG_DIGITS ((INT64_MAX-1) / PyLong_SHIFT)
+#endif
 
 PyLongObject *
 _PyLong_New(Py_ssize_t size)
@@ -258,17 +273,17 @@ _PyLong_FromLarge(stwodigits ival)
 }
 
 /* Create a new int object from a C word-sized int */
-static inline PyObject *
+static inline PyLongObject *
 _PyLong_FromSTwoDigits(stwodigits x)
 {
     if (IS_SMALL_INT(x)) {
-        return get_small_int((sdigit)x);
+        return (PyLongObject*)get_small_int((sdigit)x);
     }
     assert(x != 0);
     if (is_medium_int(x)) {
-        return _PyLong_FromMedium((sdigit)x);
+        return (PyLongObject*)_PyLong_FromMedium((sdigit)x);
     }
-    return _PyLong_FromLarge(x);
+    return (PyLongObject*)_PyLong_FromLarge(x);
 }
 
 /* If a freshly-allocated int is already shared, it must
@@ -284,7 +299,7 @@ _PyLong_Negate(PyLongObject **x_p)
         return;
     }
 
-    *x_p = (PyLongObject *)_PyLong_FromSTwoDigits(-medium_value(x));
+    *x_p = _PyLong_FromSTwoDigits(-medium_value(x));
     Py_DECREF(x);
 }
 
@@ -483,11 +498,18 @@ PyLong_AsLongAndOverflow(PyObject *vv, int *overflow)
         do_decref = 1;
     }
     if (_PyLong_IsCompact(v)) {
-#if SIZEOF_LONG < SIZEOF_VOID_P
-        intptr_t tmp = _PyLong_CompactValue(v);
-        res = (long)tmp;
-        if (res != tmp) {
-            *overflow = tmp < 0 ? -1 : 1;
+#if SIZEOF_LONG < SIZEOF_SIZE_T
+        Py_ssize_t tmp = _PyLong_CompactValue(v);
+        if (tmp < LONG_MIN) {
+            *overflow = -1;
+            res = -1;
+        }
+        else if (tmp > LONG_MAX) {
+            *overflow = 1;
+            res = -1;
+        }
+        else {
+            res = (long)tmp;
         }
 #else
         res = _PyLong_CompactValue(v);
@@ -632,14 +654,15 @@ PyLong_AsUnsignedLong(PyObject *vv)
 
     v = (PyLongObject *)vv;
     if (_PyLong_IsNonNegativeCompact(v)) {
-#if SIZEOF_LONG < SIZEOF_VOID_P
-        intptr_t tmp = _PyLong_CompactValue(v);
+#if SIZEOF_LONG < SIZEOF_SIZE_T
+        size_t tmp = (size_t)_PyLong_CompactValue(v);
         unsigned long res = (unsigned long)tmp;
         if (res != tmp) {
             goto overflow;
         }
+        return res;
 #else
-        return _PyLong_CompactValue(v);
+        return (unsigned long)(size_t)_PyLong_CompactValue(v);
 #endif
     }
     if (_PyLong_IsNegative(v)) {
@@ -685,7 +708,7 @@ PyLong_AsSize_t(PyObject *vv)
 
     v = (PyLongObject *)vv;
     if (_PyLong_IsNonNegativeCompact(v)) {
-        return _PyLong_CompactValue(v);
+        return (size_t)_PyLong_CompactValue(v);
     }
     if (_PyLong_IsNegative(v)) {
         PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
@@ -722,7 +745,11 @@ _PyLong_AsUnsignedLongMask(PyObject *vv)
     }
     v = (PyLongObject *)vv;
     if (_PyLong_IsCompact(v)) {
-        return (unsigned long)_PyLong_CompactValue(v);
+#if SIZEOF_LONG < SIZEOF_SIZE_T
+        return (unsigned long)(size_t)_PyLong_CompactValue(v);
+#else
+        return (unsigned long)(long)_PyLong_CompactValue(v);
+#endif
     }
     i = _PyLong_DigitCount(v);
     int sign = _PyLong_NonCompactSign(v);
@@ -792,11 +819,11 @@ bit_length_digit(digit x)
     return _Py_bit_length((unsigned long)x);
 }
 
-size_t
+int64_t
 _PyLong_NumBits(PyObject *vv)
 {
     PyLongObject *v = (PyLongObject *)vv;
-    size_t result = 0;
+    int64_t result = 0;
     Py_ssize_t ndigits;
     int msd_bits;
 
@@ -806,20 +833,12 @@ _PyLong_NumBits(PyObject *vv)
     assert(ndigits == 0 || v->long_value.ob_digit[ndigits - 1] != 0);
     if (ndigits > 0) {
         digit msd = v->long_value.ob_digit[ndigits - 1];
-        if ((size_t)(ndigits - 1) > SIZE_MAX / (size_t)PyLong_SHIFT)
-            goto Overflow;
-        result = (size_t)(ndigits - 1) * (size_t)PyLong_SHIFT;
+        assert(ndigits <= INT64_MAX / PyLong_SHIFT);
+        result = (int64_t)(ndigits - 1) * PyLong_SHIFT;
         msd_bits = bit_length_digit(msd);
-        if (SIZE_MAX - msd_bits < result)
-            goto Overflow;
         result += msd_bits;
     }
     return result;
-
-  Overflow:
-    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError, "int has too many bits "
-                    "to express in a platform size_t");
-    return (size_t)-1;
 }
 
 PyObject *
@@ -1128,13 +1147,17 @@ PyLong_AsNativeBytes(PyObject* vv, void* buffer, Py_ssize_t n, int flags)
     if (PyLong_Check(vv)) {
         v = (PyLongObject *)vv;
     }
-    else {
+    else if (flags != -1 && (flags & Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_ALLOW_INDEX)) {
         v = (PyLongObject *)_PyNumber_Index(vv);
         if (v == NULL) {
             return -1;
         }
         do_decref = 1;
     }
+    else {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "expect int, got %T", vv);
+        return -1;
+    }
 
     if ((flags != -1 && (flags & Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_REJECT_NEGATIVE))
         && _PyLong_IsNegative(v)) {
@@ -1230,15 +1253,12 @@ PyLong_AsNativeBytes(PyObject* vv, void* buffer, Py_ssize_t n, int flags)
 
         /* Calculates the number of bits required for the *absolute* value
          * of v. This does not take sign into account, only magnitude. */
-        size_t nb = _PyLong_NumBits((PyObject *)v);
-        if (nb == (size_t)-1) {
-            res = -1;
-        } else {
-            /* Normally this would be((nb - 1) / 8) + 1 to avoid rounding up
-             * multiples of 8 to the next byte, but we add an implied bit for
-             * the sign and it cancels out. */
-            res = (Py_ssize_t)(nb / 8) + 1;
-        }
+        int64_t nb = _PyLong_NumBits((PyObject *)v);
+        assert(nb >= 0);
+        /* Normally this would be ((nb - 1) / 8) + 1 to avoid rounding up
+         * multiples of 8 to the next byte, but we add an implied bit for
+         * the sign and it cancels out. */
+        res = (Py_ssize_t)(nb / 8) + 1;
 
         /* Two edge cases exist that are best handled after extracting the
          * bits. These may result in us reporting overflow when the value
@@ -1536,7 +1556,18 @@ PyLong_AsUnsignedLongLong(PyObject *vv)
     v = (PyLongObject*)vv;
     if (_PyLong_IsNonNegativeCompact(v)) {
         res = 0;
-        bytes = _PyLong_CompactValue(v);
+#if SIZEOF_LONG_LONG < SIZEOF_SIZE_T
+        size_t tmp = (size_t)_PyLong_CompactValue(v);
+        bytes = (unsigned long long)tmp;
+        if (bytes != tmp) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
+                            "Python int too large to convert "
+                            "to C unsigned long long");
+            res = -1;
+        }
+#else
+        bytes = (unsigned long long)(size_t)_PyLong_CompactValue(v);
+#endif
     }
     else {
         res = _PyLong_AsByteArray((PyLongObject *)vv, (unsigned char *)&bytes,
@@ -1567,7 +1598,11 @@ _PyLong_AsUnsignedLongLongMask(PyObject *vv)
     }
     v = (PyLongObject *)vv;
     if (_PyLong_IsCompact(v)) {
-        return (unsigned long long)(signed long long)_PyLong_CompactValue(v);
+#if SIZEOF_LONG_LONG < SIZEOF_SIZE_T
+        return (unsigned long long)(size_t)_PyLong_CompactValue(v);
+#else
+        return (unsigned long long)(long long)_PyLong_CompactValue(v);
+#endif
     }
     i = _PyLong_DigitCount(v);
     sign = _PyLong_NonCompactSign(v);
@@ -1639,7 +1674,22 @@ PyLong_AsLongLongAndOverflow(PyObject *vv, int *overflow)
         do_decref = 1;
     }
     if (_PyLong_IsCompact(v)) {
+#if SIZEOF_LONG_LONG < SIZEOF_SIZE_T
+        Py_ssize_t tmp = _PyLong_CompactValue(v);
+        if (tmp < LLONG_MIN) {
+            *overflow = -1;
+            res = -1;
+        }
+        else if (tmp > LLONG_MAX) {
+            *overflow = 1;
+            res = -1;
+        }
+        else {
+            res = (long long)tmp;
+        }
+#else
         res = _PyLong_CompactValue(v);
+#endif
     }
     else {
         i = _PyLong_DigitCount(v);
@@ -2576,8 +2626,6 @@ long_from_binary_base(const char *start, const char *end, Py_ssize_t digits, int
     return 0;
 }
 
-static PyObject *long_neg(PyLongObject *v);
-
 #ifdef WITH_PYLONG_MODULE
 /* asymptotically faster str-to-long conversion for base 10, using _pylong.py */
 static int
@@ -3106,11 +3154,6 @@ PyLong_FromUnicodeObject(PyObject *u, int base)
     return NULL;
 }
 
-/* forward */
-static PyLongObject *x_divrem
-    (PyLongObject *, PyLongObject *, PyLongObject **);
-static PyObject *long_long(PyObject *v);
-
 /* Int division with remainder, top-level routine */
 
 static int
@@ -3366,9 +3409,11 @@ x_divrem(PyLongObject *v1, PyLongObject *w1, PyLongObject **prem)
 #endif
 
 double
-_PyLong_Frexp(PyLongObject *a, Py_ssize_t *e)
+_PyLong_Frexp(PyLongObject *a, int64_t *e)
 {
-    Py_ssize_t a_size, a_bits, shift_digits, shift_bits, x_size;
+    Py_ssize_t a_size, shift_digits, x_size;
+    int shift_bits;
+    int64_t a_bits;
     /* See below for why x_digits is always large enough. */
     digit rem;
     digit x_digits[2 + (DBL_MANT_DIG + 1) / PyLong_SHIFT] = {0,};
@@ -3384,14 +3429,7 @@ _PyLong_Frexp(PyLongObject *a, Py_ssize_t *e)
         *e = 0;
         return 0.0;
     }
-    a_bits = bit_length_digit(a->long_value.ob_digit[a_size-1]);
-    /* The following is an overflow-free version of the check
-       "if ((a_size - 1) * PyLong_SHIFT + a_bits > PY_SSIZE_T_MAX) ..." */
-    if (a_size >= (PY_SSIZE_T_MAX - 1) / PyLong_SHIFT + 1 &&
-        (a_size > (PY_SSIZE_T_MAX - 1) / PyLong_SHIFT + 1 ||
-         a_bits > (PY_SSIZE_T_MAX - 1) % PyLong_SHIFT + 1))
-        goto overflow;
-    a_bits = (a_size - 1) * PyLong_SHIFT + a_bits;
+    a_bits = _PyLong_NumBits((PyObject *)a);
 
     /* Shift the first DBL_MANT_DIG + 2 bits of a into x_digits[0:x_size]
        (shifting left if a_bits <= DBL_MANT_DIG + 2).
@@ -3419,19 +3457,19 @@ _PyLong_Frexp(PyLongObject *a, Py_ssize_t *e)
        in both cases.
     */
     if (a_bits <= DBL_MANT_DIG + 2) {
-        shift_digits = (DBL_MANT_DIG + 2 - a_bits) / PyLong_SHIFT;
-        shift_bits = (DBL_MANT_DIG + 2 - a_bits) % PyLong_SHIFT;
+        shift_digits = (DBL_MANT_DIG + 2 - (Py_ssize_t)a_bits) / PyLong_SHIFT;
+        shift_bits = (DBL_MANT_DIG + 2 - (int)a_bits) % PyLong_SHIFT;
         x_size = shift_digits;
         rem = v_lshift(x_digits + x_size, a->long_value.ob_digit, a_size,
-                       (int)shift_bits);
+                       shift_bits);
         x_size += a_size;
         x_digits[x_size++] = rem;
     }
     else {
-        shift_digits = (a_bits - DBL_MANT_DIG - 2) / PyLong_SHIFT;
-        shift_bits = (a_bits - DBL_MANT_DIG - 2) % PyLong_SHIFT;
+        shift_digits = (Py_ssize_t)((a_bits - DBL_MANT_DIG - 2) / PyLong_SHIFT);
+        shift_bits = (int)((a_bits - DBL_MANT_DIG - 2) % PyLong_SHIFT);
         rem = v_rshift(x_digits, a->long_value.ob_digit + shift_digits,
-                       a_size - shift_digits, (int)shift_bits);
+                       a_size - shift_digits, shift_bits);
         x_size = a_size - shift_digits;
         /* For correct rounding below, we need the least significant
            bit of x to be 'sticky' for this shift: if any of the bits
@@ -3457,21 +3495,13 @@ _PyLong_Frexp(PyLongObject *a, Py_ssize_t *e)
     /* Rescale;  make correction if result is 1.0. */
     dx /= 4.0 * EXP2_DBL_MANT_DIG;
     if (dx == 1.0) {
-        if (a_bits == PY_SSIZE_T_MAX)
-            goto overflow;
+        assert(a_bits < INT64_MAX);
         dx = 0.5;
         a_bits += 1;
     }
 
     *e = a_bits;
     return _PyLong_IsNegative(a) ? -dx : dx;
-
-  overflow:
-    /* exponent > PY_SSIZE_T_MAX */
-    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
-                    "huge integer: number of bits overflows a Py_ssize_t");
-    *e = 0;
-    return -1.0;
 }
 
 /* Get a C double from an int object.  Rounds to the nearest double,
@@ -3480,7 +3510,7 @@ _PyLong_Frexp(PyLongObject *a, Py_ssize_t *e)
 double
 PyLong_AsDouble(PyObject *v)
 {
-    Py_ssize_t exponent;
+    int64_t exponent;
     double x;
 
     if (v == NULL) {
@@ -3499,7 +3529,9 @@ PyLong_AsDouble(PyObject *v)
         return (double)medium_value((PyLongObject *)v);
     }
     x = _PyLong_Frexp((PyLongObject *)v, &exponent);
-    if ((x == -1.0 && PyErr_Occurred()) || exponent > DBL_MAX_EXP) {
+    assert(exponent >= 0);
+    assert(!PyErr_Occurred());
+    if (exponent > DBL_MAX_EXP) {
         PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
                         "int too large to convert to float");
         return -1.0;
@@ -3568,14 +3600,15 @@ long_dealloc(PyObject *self)
 }
 
 static Py_hash_t
-long_hash(PyLongObject *v)
+long_hash(PyObject *obj)
 {
+    PyLongObject *v = (PyLongObject *)obj;
     Py_uhash_t x;
     Py_ssize_t i;
     int sign;
 
     if (_PyLong_IsCompact(v)) {
-        x = _PyLong_CompactValue(v);
+        x = (Py_uhash_t)_PyLong_CompactValue(v);
         if (x == (Py_uhash_t)-1) {
             x = (Py_uhash_t)-2;
         }
@@ -3713,11 +3746,12 @@ x_sub(PyLongObject *a, PyLongObject *b)
     return maybe_small_long(long_normalize(z));
 }
 
-PyObject *
-_PyLong_Add(PyLongObject *a, PyLongObject *b)
+static PyLongObject *
+long_add(PyLongObject *a, PyLongObject *b)
 {
     if (_PyLong_BothAreCompact(a, b)) {
-        return _PyLong_FromSTwoDigits(medium_value(a) + medium_value(b));
+        stwodigits z = medium_value(a) + medium_value(b);
+        return _PyLong_FromSTwoDigits(z);
     }
 
     PyLongObject *z;
@@ -3742,24 +3776,31 @@ _PyLong_Add(PyLongObject *a, PyLongObject *b)
         else
             z = x_add(a, b);
     }
-    return (PyObject *)z;
+    return z;
+}
+
+PyObject *
+_PyLong_Add(PyLongObject *a, PyLongObject *b)
+{
+    return (PyObject*)long_add(a, b);
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-long_add(PyLongObject *a, PyLongObject *b)
+long_add_method(PyObject *a, PyObject *b)
 {
     CHECK_BINOP(a, b);
-    return _PyLong_Add(a, b);
+    return (PyObject*)long_add((PyLongObject*)a, (PyLongObject*)b);
 }
 
-PyObject *
-_PyLong_Subtract(PyLongObject *a, PyLongObject *b)
-{
-    PyLongObject *z;
 
+static PyLongObject *
+long_sub(PyLongObject *a, PyLongObject *b)
+{
     if (_PyLong_BothAreCompact(a, b)) {
         return _PyLong_FromSTwoDigits(medium_value(a) - medium_value(b));
     }
+
+    PyLongObject *z;
     if (_PyLong_IsNegative(a)) {
         if (_PyLong_IsNegative(b)) {
             z = x_sub(b, a);
@@ -3778,16 +3819,23 @@ _PyLong_Subtract(PyLongObject *a, PyLongObject *b)
         else
             z = x_sub(a, b);
     }
-    return (PyObject *)z;
+    return z;
+}
+
+PyObject *
+_PyLong_Subtract(PyLongObject *a, PyLongObject *b)
+{
+    return (PyObject*)long_sub(a, b);
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-long_sub(PyLongObject *a, PyLongObject *b)
+long_sub_method(PyObject *a, PyObject *b)
 {
     CHECK_BINOP(a, b);
-    return _PyLong_Subtract(a, b);
+    return (PyObject*)long_sub((PyLongObject*)a, (PyLongObject*)b);
 }
 
+
 /* Grade school multiplication, ignoring the signs.
  * Returns the absolute value of the product, or NULL if error.
  */
@@ -4203,32 +4251,35 @@ k_lopsided_mul(PyLongObject *a, PyLongObject *b)
     return NULL;
 }
 
-PyObject *
-_PyLong_Multiply(PyLongObject *a, PyLongObject *b)
-{
-    PyLongObject *z;
 
+static PyLongObject*
+long_mul(PyLongObject *a, PyLongObject *b)
+{
     /* fast path for single-digit multiplication */
     if (_PyLong_BothAreCompact(a, b)) {
         stwodigits v = medium_value(a) * medium_value(b);
         return _PyLong_FromSTwoDigits(v);
     }
 
-    z = k_mul(a, b);
+    PyLongObject *z = k_mul(a, b);
     /* Negate if exactly one of the inputs is negative. */
     if (!_PyLong_SameSign(a, b) && z) {
         _PyLong_Negate(&z);
-        if (z == NULL)
-            return NULL;
     }
-    return (PyObject *)z;
+    return z;
+}
+
+PyObject *
+_PyLong_Multiply(PyLongObject *a, PyLongObject *b)
+{
+    return (PyObject*)long_mul(a, b);
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-long_mul(PyLongObject *a, PyLongObject *b)
+long_mul_method(PyObject *a, PyObject *b)
 {
     CHECK_BINOP(a, b);
-    return _PyLong_Multiply(a, b);
+    return (PyObject*)long_mul((PyLongObject*)a, (PyLongObject*)b);
 }
 
 /* Fast modulo division for single-digit longs. */
@@ -4383,13 +4434,13 @@ l_divmod(PyLongObject *v, PyLongObject *w,
     if ((_PyLong_IsNegative(mod) && _PyLong_IsPositive(w)) ||
         (_PyLong_IsPositive(mod) && _PyLong_IsNegative(w))) {
         PyLongObject *temp;
-        temp = (PyLongObject *) long_add(mod, w);
+        temp = long_add(mod, w);
         Py_SETREF(mod, temp);
         if (mod == NULL) {
             Py_DECREF(div);
             return -1;
         }
-        temp = (PyLongObject *) long_sub(div, (PyLongObject *)_PyLong_GetOne());
+        temp = long_sub(div, (PyLongObject *)_PyLong_GetOne());
         if (temp == NULL) {
             Py_DECREF(mod);
             Py_DECREF(div);
@@ -4430,7 +4481,7 @@ l_mod(PyLongObject *v, PyLongObject *w, PyLongObject **pmod)
     if ((_PyLong_IsNegative(mod) && _PyLong_IsPositive(w)) ||
         (_PyLong_IsPositive(mod) && _PyLong_IsNegative(w))) {
         PyLongObject *temp;
-        temp = (PyLongObject *) long_add(mod, w);
+        temp = long_add(mod, w);
         Py_SETREF(mod, temp);
         if (mod == NULL)
             return -1;
@@ -4777,21 +4828,12 @@ long_divmod(PyObject *a, PyObject *b)
 static PyLongObject *
 long_invmod(PyLongObject *a, PyLongObject *n)
 {
-    PyLongObject *b, *c;
-
     /* Should only ever be called for positive n */
     assert(_PyLong_IsPositive(n));
 
-    b = (PyLongObject *)PyLong_FromLong(1L);
-    if (b == NULL) {
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    c = (PyLongObject *)PyLong_FromLong(0L);
-    if (c == NULL) {
-        Py_DECREF(b);
-        return NULL;
-    }
     Py_INCREF(a);
+    PyLongObject *b = (PyLongObject *)Py_NewRef(_PyLong_GetOne());
+    PyLongObject *c = (PyLongObject *)Py_NewRef(_PyLong_GetZero());
     Py_INCREF(n);
 
     /* references now owned: a, b, c, n */
@@ -4808,7 +4850,7 @@ long_invmod(PyLongObject *a, PyLongObject *n)
         if (t == NULL) {
             goto Error;
         }
-        s = (PyLongObject *)long_sub(b, t);
+        s = long_sub(b, t);
         Py_DECREF(t);
         if (s == NULL) {
             goto Error;
@@ -5103,7 +5145,7 @@ long_pow(PyObject *v, PyObject *w, PyObject *x)
     }
 
     if (negativeOutput && !_PyLong_IsZero(z)) {
-        temp = (PyLongObject *)long_sub(z, c);
+        temp = long_sub(z, c);
         if (temp == NULL)
             goto Error;
         Py_SETREF(z, temp);
@@ -5126,13 +5168,15 @@ long_pow(PyObject *v, PyObject *w, PyObject *x)
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-long_invert(PyLongObject *v)
+long_invert(PyObject *self)
 {
+    PyLongObject *v = _PyLong_CAST(self);
+
     /* Implement ~x as -(x+1) */
-    PyLongObject *x;
     if (_PyLong_IsCompact(v))
-        return _PyLong_FromSTwoDigits(~medium_value(v));
-    x = (PyLongObject *) long_add(v, (PyLongObject *)_PyLong_GetOne());
+        return (PyObject*)_PyLong_FromSTwoDigits(~medium_value(v));
+
+    PyLongObject *x = long_add(v, (PyLongObject *)_PyLong_GetOne());
     if (x == NULL)
         return NULL;
     _PyLong_Negate(&x);
@@ -5141,64 +5185,45 @@ long_invert(PyLongObject *v)
     return (PyObject *)x;
 }
 
-static PyObject *
+static PyLongObject *
 long_neg(PyLongObject *v)
 {
-    PyLongObject *z;
-    if (_PyLong_IsCompact(v))
+    if (_PyLong_IsCompact(v)) {
         return _PyLong_FromSTwoDigits(-medium_value(v));
-    z = (PyLongObject *)_PyLong_Copy(v);
-    if (z != NULL)
+    }
+
+    PyLongObject *z = (PyLongObject *)_PyLong_Copy(v);
+    if (z != NULL) {
         _PyLong_FlipSign(z);
-    return (PyObject *)z;
+    }
+    return z;
 }
 
 static PyObject *
+long_neg_method(PyObject *v)
+{
+    return (PyObject*)long_neg(_PyLong_CAST(v));
+}
+
+static PyLongObject*
 long_abs(PyLongObject *v)
 {
     if (_PyLong_IsNegative(v))
         return long_neg(v);
     else
-        return long_long((PyObject *)v);
+        return (PyLongObject*)long_long((PyObject *)v);
 }
 
-static int
-long_bool(PyLongObject *v)
+static PyObject *
+long_abs_method(PyObject *v)
 {
-    return !_PyLong_IsZero(v);
+    return (PyObject*)long_abs(_PyLong_CAST(v));
 }
 
-/* wordshift, remshift = divmod(shiftby, PyLong_SHIFT) */
 static int
-divmod_shift(PyObject *shiftby, Py_ssize_t *wordshift, digit *remshift)
-{
-    assert(PyLong_Check(shiftby));
-    assert(!_PyLong_IsNegative((PyLongObject *)shiftby));
-    Py_ssize_t lshiftby = PyLong_AsSsize_t((PyObject *)shiftby);
-    if (lshiftby >= 0) {
-        *wordshift = lshiftby / PyLong_SHIFT;
-        *remshift = lshiftby % PyLong_SHIFT;
-        return 0;
-    }
-    /* PyLong_Check(shiftby) is true and shiftby is not negative, so it must
-       be that PyLong_AsSsize_t raised an OverflowError. */
-    assert(PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_OverflowError));
-    PyErr_Clear();
-    PyLongObject *wordshift_obj = divrem1((PyLongObject *)shiftby, PyLong_SHIFT, remshift);
-    if (wordshift_obj == NULL) {
-        return -1;
-    }
-    *wordshift = PyLong_AsSsize_t((PyObject *)wordshift_obj);
-    Py_DECREF(wordshift_obj);
-    if (*wordshift >= 0 && *wordshift < PY_SSIZE_T_MAX / (Py_ssize_t)sizeof(digit)) {
-        return 0;
-    }
-    PyErr_Clear();
-    /* Clip the value.  With such large wordshift the right shift
-       returns 0 and the left shift raises an error in _PyLong_New(). */
-    *wordshift = PY_SSIZE_T_MAX / sizeof(digit);
-    *remshift = 0;
-    return 0;
+long_bool(PyObject *v)
+{
+    return !_PyLong_IsZero(_PyLong_CAST(v));
 }
 
 /* Inner function for both long_rshift and _PyLong_Rshift, shifting an
@@ -5224,7 +5249,7 @@ long_rshift1(PyLongObject *a, Py_ssize_t wordshift, digit remshift)
         m = medium_value(a);
         shift = wordshift == 0 ? remshift : PyLong_SHIFT;
         x = m < 0 ? ~(~m >> shift) : m >> shift;
-        return _PyLong_FromSTwoDigits(x);
+        return (PyObject*)_PyLong_FromSTwoDigits(x);
     }
 
     a_negative = _PyLong_IsNegative(a);
@@ -5294,8 +5319,7 @@ long_rshift1(PyLongObject *a, Py_ssize_t wordshift, digit remshift)
 static PyObject *
 long_rshift(PyObject *a, PyObject *b)
 {
-    Py_ssize_t wordshift;
-    digit remshift;
+    int64_t shiftby;
 
     CHECK_BINOP(a, b);
 
@@ -5306,24 +5330,45 @@ long_rshift(PyObject *a, PyObject *b)
     if (_PyLong_IsZero((PyLongObject *)a)) {
         return PyLong_FromLong(0);
     }
-    if (divmod_shift(b, &wordshift, &remshift) < 0)
-        return NULL;
-    return long_rshift1((PyLongObject *)a, wordshift, remshift);
+    if (PyLong_AsInt64(b, &shiftby) < 0) {
+        if (!PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_OverflowError)) {
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        PyErr_Clear();
+        if (_PyLong_IsNegative((PyLongObject *)a)) {
+            return PyLong_FromLong(-1);
+        }
+        else {
+            return PyLong_FromLong(0);
+        }
+    }
+    return _PyLong_Rshift(a, shiftby);
 }
 
 /* Return a >> shiftby. */
 PyObject *
-_PyLong_Rshift(PyObject *a, size_t shiftby)
+_PyLong_Rshift(PyObject *a, int64_t shiftby)
 {
     Py_ssize_t wordshift;
     digit remshift;
 
     assert(PyLong_Check(a));
+    assert(shiftby >= 0);
     if (_PyLong_IsZero((PyLongObject *)a)) {
         return PyLong_FromLong(0);
     }
-    wordshift = shiftby / PyLong_SHIFT;
-    remshift = shiftby % PyLong_SHIFT;
+#if PY_SSIZE_T_MAX <= INT64_MAX / PyLong_SHIFT
+    if (shiftby > (int64_t)PY_SSIZE_T_MAX * PyLong_SHIFT) {
+        if (_PyLong_IsNegative((PyLongObject *)a)) {
+            return PyLong_FromLong(-1);
+        }
+        else {
+            return PyLong_FromLong(0);
+        }
+    }
+#endif
+    wordshift = (Py_ssize_t)(shiftby / PyLong_SHIFT);
+    remshift = (digit)(shiftby % PyLong_SHIFT);
     return long_rshift1((PyLongObject *)a, wordshift, remshift);
 }
 
@@ -5338,7 +5383,7 @@ long_lshift1(PyLongObject *a, Py_ssize_t wordshift, digit remshift)
         stwodigits m = medium_value(a);
         // bypass undefined shift operator behavior
         stwodigits x = m < 0 ? -(-m << remshift) : m << remshift;
-        return _PyLong_FromSTwoDigits(x);
+        return (PyObject*)_PyLong_FromSTwoDigits(x);
     }
 
     oldsize = _PyLong_DigitCount(a);
@@ -5368,42 +5413,61 @@ long_lshift1(PyLongObject *a, Py_ssize_t wordshift, digit remshift)
     return (PyObject *) maybe_small_long(z);
 }
 
+
 static PyObject *
-long_lshift(PyObject *a, PyObject *b)
+long_lshift_method(PyObject *aa, PyObject *bb)
 {
-    Py_ssize_t wordshift;
-    digit remshift;
-
-    CHECK_BINOP(a, b);
+    CHECK_BINOP(aa, bb);
+    PyLongObject *a = (PyLongObject*)aa;
+    PyLongObject *b = (PyLongObject*)bb;
 
-    if (_PyLong_IsNegative((PyLongObject *)b)) {
+    if (_PyLong_IsNegative(b)) {
         PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "negative shift count");
         return NULL;
     }
-    if (_PyLong_IsZero((PyLongObject *)a)) {
+    if (_PyLong_IsZero(a)) {
         return PyLong_FromLong(0);
     }
-    if (divmod_shift(b, &wordshift, &remshift) < 0)
+
+    int64_t shiftby;
+    if (PyLong_AsInt64(bb, &shiftby) < 0) {
+        if (PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_OverflowError)) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
+                            "too many digits in integer");
+        }
         return NULL;
-    return long_lshift1((PyLongObject *)a, wordshift, remshift);
+    }
+    return long_lshift_int64(a, shiftby);
 }
 
 /* Return a << shiftby. */
-PyObject *
-_PyLong_Lshift(PyObject *a, size_t shiftby)
+static PyObject *
+long_lshift_int64(PyLongObject *a, int64_t shiftby)
 {
-    Py_ssize_t wordshift;
-    digit remshift;
+    assert(shiftby >= 0);
 
-    assert(PyLong_Check(a));
-    if (_PyLong_IsZero((PyLongObject *)a)) {
+    if (_PyLong_IsZero(a)) {
         return PyLong_FromLong(0);
     }
-    wordshift = shiftby / PyLong_SHIFT;
-    remshift = shiftby % PyLong_SHIFT;
-    return long_lshift1((PyLongObject *)a, wordshift, remshift);
+#if PY_SSIZE_T_MAX <= INT64_MAX / PyLong_SHIFT
+    if (shiftby > (int64_t)PY_SSIZE_T_MAX * PyLong_SHIFT) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
+                        "too many digits in integer");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+#endif
+    Py_ssize_t wordshift = (Py_ssize_t)(shiftby / PyLong_SHIFT);
+    digit remshift = (digit)(shiftby % PyLong_SHIFT);
+    return long_lshift1(a, wordshift, remshift);
+}
+
+PyObject *
+_PyLong_Lshift(PyObject *a, int64_t shiftby)
+{
+    return long_lshift_int64(_PyLong_CAST(a), shiftby);
 }
 
+
 /* Compute two's complement of digit vector a[0:m], writing result to
    z[0:m].  The digit vector a need not be normalized, but should not
    be entirely zero.  a and z may point to the same digit vector. */
@@ -5551,7 +5615,7 @@ long_and(PyObject *a, PyObject *b)
     PyLongObject *x = (PyLongObject*)a;
     PyLongObject *y = (PyLongObject*)b;
     if (_PyLong_IsCompact(x) && _PyLong_IsCompact(y)) {
-        return _PyLong_FromSTwoDigits(medium_value(x) & medium_value(y));
+        return (PyObject*)_PyLong_FromSTwoDigits(medium_value(x) & medium_value(y));
     }
     return long_bitwise(x, '&', y);
 }
@@ -5563,7 +5627,7 @@ long_xor(PyObject *a, PyObject *b)
     PyLongObject *x = (PyLongObject*)a;
     PyLongObject *y = (PyLongObject*)b;
     if (_PyLong_IsCompact(x) && _PyLong_IsCompact(y)) {
-        return _PyLong_FromSTwoDigits(medium_value(x) ^ medium_value(y));
+        return (PyObject*)_PyLong_FromSTwoDigits(medium_value(x) ^ medium_value(y));
     }
     return long_bitwise(x, '^', y);
 }
@@ -5575,7 +5639,7 @@ long_or(PyObject *a, PyObject *b)
     PyLongObject *x = (PyLongObject*)a;
     PyLongObject *y = (PyLongObject*)b;
     if (_PyLong_IsCompact(x) && _PyLong_IsCompact(y)) {
-        return _PyLong_FromSTwoDigits(medium_value(x) | medium_value(y));
+        return (PyObject*)_PyLong_FromSTwoDigits(medium_value(x) | medium_value(y));
     }
     return long_bitwise(x, '|', y);
 }
@@ -5609,10 +5673,10 @@ _PyLong_GCD(PyObject *aarg, PyObject *barg)
     }
 
     /* Initial reduction: make sure that 0 <= b <= a. */
-    a = (PyLongObject *)long_abs(a);
+    a = long_abs(a);
     if (a == NULL)
         return NULL;
-    b = (PyLongObject *)long_abs(b);
+    b = long_abs(b);
     if (b == NULL) {
         Py_DECREF(a);
         return NULL;
@@ -5994,12 +6058,11 @@ _PyLong_DivmodNear(PyObject *a, PyObject *b)
 
     /* compare twice the remainder with the divisor, to see
        if we need to adjust the quotient and remainder */
-    PyObject *one = _PyLong_GetOne();  // borrowed reference
-    twice_rem = long_lshift((PyObject *)rem, one);
+    twice_rem = long_lshift_int64(rem, 1);
     if (twice_rem == NULL)
         goto error;
     if (quo_is_neg) {
-        temp = long_neg((PyLongObject*)twice_rem);
+        temp = (PyObject*)long_neg((PyLongObject*)twice_rem);
         Py_SETREF(twice_rem, temp);
         if (twice_rem == NULL)
             goto error;
@@ -6010,18 +6073,19 @@ _PyLong_DivmodNear(PyObject *a, PyObject *b)
     quo_is_odd = (quo->long_value.ob_digit[0] & 1) != 0;
     if ((_PyLong_IsNegative((PyLongObject *)b) ? cmp < 0 : cmp > 0) || (cmp == 0 && quo_is_odd)) {
         /* fix up quotient */
+        PyObject *one = _PyLong_GetOne();  // borrowed reference
         if (quo_is_neg)
-            temp = long_sub(quo, (PyLongObject *)one);
+            temp = (PyObject*)long_sub(quo, (PyLongObject *)one);
         else
-            temp = long_add(quo, (PyLongObject *)one);
+            temp = (PyObject*)long_add(quo, (PyLongObject *)one);
         Py_SETREF(quo, (PyLongObject *)temp);
         if (quo == NULL)
             goto error;
         /* and remainder */
         if (quo_is_neg)
-            temp = long_add(rem, (PyLongObject *)b);
+            temp = (PyObject*)long_add(rem, (PyLongObject *)b);
         else
-            temp = long_sub(rem, (PyLongObject *)b);
+            temp = (PyObject*)long_sub(rem, (PyLongObject *)b);
         Py_SETREF(rem, (PyLongObject *)temp);
         if (rem == NULL)
             goto error;
@@ -6059,8 +6123,6 @@ static PyObject *
 int___round___impl(PyObject *self, PyObject *o_ndigits)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=954fda6b18875998 input=148a9aa959f112a8]*/
 {
-    PyObject *temp, *result, *ndigits;
-
     /* To round an integer m to the nearest 10**n (n positive), we make use of
      * the divmod_near operation, defined by:
      *
@@ -6078,7 +6140,7 @@ int___round___impl(PyObject *self, PyObject *o_ndigits)
     if (o_ndigits == Py_None)
         return long_long(self);
 
-    ndigits = _PyNumber_Index(o_ndigits);
+    PyObject *ndigits = _PyNumber_Index(o_ndigits);
     if (ndigits == NULL)
         return NULL;
 
@@ -6089,12 +6151,12 @@ int___round___impl(PyObject *self, PyObject *o_ndigits)
     }
 
     /* result = self - divmod_near(self, 10 ** -ndigits)[1] */
-    temp = long_neg((PyLongObject*)ndigits);
+    PyObject *temp = (PyObject*)long_neg((PyLongObject*)ndigits);
     Py_SETREF(ndigits, temp);
     if (ndigits == NULL)
         return NULL;
 
-    result = PyLong_FromLong(10L);
+    PyObject *result = PyLong_FromLong(10);
     if (result == NULL) {
         Py_DECREF(ndigits);
         return NULL;
@@ -6111,8 +6173,8 @@ int___round___impl(PyObject *self, PyObject *o_ndigits)
     if (result == NULL)
         return NULL;
 
-    temp = long_sub((PyLongObject *)self,
-                    (PyLongObject *)PyTuple_GET_ITEM(result, 1));
+    temp = (PyObject*)long_sub((PyLongObject*)self,
+                               (PyLongObject*)PyTuple_GET_ITEM(result, 1));
     Py_SETREF(result, temp);
 
     return result;
@@ -6149,51 +6211,10 @@ static PyObject *
 int_bit_length_impl(PyObject *self)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=fc1977c9353d6a59 input=e4eb7a587e849a32]*/
 {
-    PyLongObject *result, *x, *y;
-    Py_ssize_t ndigits;
-    int msd_bits;
-    digit msd;
-
-    assert(self != NULL);
-    assert(PyLong_Check(self));
-
-    ndigits = _PyLong_DigitCount((PyLongObject *)self);
-    if (ndigits == 0)
-        return PyLong_FromLong(0);
-
-    msd = ((PyLongObject *)self)->long_value.ob_digit[ndigits-1];
-    msd_bits = bit_length_digit(msd);
-
-    if (ndigits <= PY_SSIZE_T_MAX/PyLong_SHIFT)
-        return PyLong_FromSsize_t((ndigits-1)*PyLong_SHIFT + msd_bits);
-
-    /* expression above may overflow; use Python integers instead */
-    result = (PyLongObject *)PyLong_FromSsize_t(ndigits - 1);
-    if (result == NULL)
-        return NULL;
-    x = (PyLongObject *)PyLong_FromLong(PyLong_SHIFT);
-    if (x == NULL)
-        goto error;
-    y = (PyLongObject *)long_mul(result, x);
-    Py_DECREF(x);
-    if (y == NULL)
-        goto error;
-    Py_SETREF(result, y);
-
-    x = (PyLongObject *)PyLong_FromLong((long)msd_bits);
-    if (x == NULL)
-        goto error;
-    y = (PyLongObject *)long_add(result, x);
-    Py_DECREF(x);
-    if (y == NULL)
-        goto error;
-    Py_SETREF(result, y);
-
-    return (PyObject *)result;
-
-  error:
-    Py_DECREF(result);
-    return NULL;
+    int64_t nbits = _PyLong_NumBits(self);
+    assert(nbits >= 0);
+    assert(!PyErr_Occurred());
+    return PyLong_FromInt64(nbits);
 }
 
 static int
@@ -6227,40 +6248,13 @@ int_bit_count_impl(PyObject *self)
 
     PyLongObject *z = (PyLongObject *)self;
     Py_ssize_t ndigits = _PyLong_DigitCount(z);
-    Py_ssize_t bit_count = 0;
+    int64_t bit_count = 0;
 
-    /* Each digit has up to PyLong_SHIFT ones, so the accumulated bit count
-       from the first PY_SSIZE_T_MAX/PyLong_SHIFT digits can't overflow a
-       Py_ssize_t. */
-    Py_ssize_t ndigits_fast = Py_MIN(ndigits, PY_SSIZE_T_MAX/PyLong_SHIFT);
-    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < ndigits_fast; i++) {
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < ndigits; i++) {
         bit_count += popcount_digit(z->long_value.ob_digit[i]);
     }
 
-    PyObject *result = PyLong_FromSsize_t(bit_count);
-    if (result == NULL) {
-        return NULL;
-    }
-
-    /* Use Python integers if bit_count would overflow. */
-    for (Py_ssize_t i = ndigits_fast; i < ndigits; i++) {
-        PyObject *x = PyLong_FromLong(popcount_digit(z->long_value.ob_digit[i]));
-        if (x == NULL) {
-            goto error;
-        }
-        PyObject *y = long_add((PyLongObject *)result, (PyLongObject *)x);
-        Py_DECREF(x);
-        if (y == NULL) {
-            goto error;
-        }
-        Py_SETREF(result, y);
-    }
-
-    return result;
-
-  error:
-    Py_DECREF(result);
-    return NULL;
+    return PyLong_FromInt64(bit_count);
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
@@ -6502,7 +6496,7 @@ PyDoc_STRVAR(long_doc,
 --\n\
 \n\
 Convert a number or string to an integer, or return 0 if no arguments\n\
-are given.  If x is a number, return x.__int__().  For floating point\n\
+are given.  If x is a number, return x.__int__().  For floating-point\n\
 numbers, this truncates towards zero.\n\
 \n\
 If x is not a number or if base is given, then x must be a string,\n\
@@ -6514,18 +6508,18 @@ Base 0 means to interpret the base from the string as an integer literal.\n\
 4");
 
 static PyNumberMethods long_as_number = {
-    (binaryfunc)long_add,       /*nb_add*/
-    (binaryfunc)long_sub,       /*nb_subtract*/
-    (binaryfunc)long_mul,       /*nb_multiply*/
+    long_add_method,            /*nb_add*/
+    long_sub_method,            /*nb_subtract*/
+    long_mul_method,            /*nb_multiply*/
     long_mod,                   /*nb_remainder*/
     long_divmod,                /*nb_divmod*/
     long_pow,                   /*nb_power*/
-    (unaryfunc)long_neg,        /*nb_negative*/
+    long_neg_method,            /*nb_negative*/
     long_long,                  /*tp_positive*/
-    (unaryfunc)long_abs,        /*tp_absolute*/
-    (inquiry)long_bool,         /*tp_bool*/
-    (unaryfunc)long_invert,     /*nb_invert*/
-    long_lshift,                /*nb_lshift*/
+    long_abs_method,            /*tp_absolute*/
+    long_bool,                  /*tp_bool*/
+    long_invert,                /*nb_invert*/
+    long_lshift_method,         /*nb_lshift*/
     long_rshift,                /*nb_rshift*/
     long_and,                   /*nb_and*/
     long_xor,                   /*nb_xor*/
@@ -6564,7 +6558,7 @@ PyTypeObject PyLong_Type = {
     &long_as_number,                            /* tp_as_number */
     0,                                          /* tp_as_sequence */
     0,                                          /* tp_as_mapping */
-    (hashfunc)long_hash,                        /* tp_hash */
+    long_hash,                                  /* tp_hash */
     0,                                          /* tp_call */
     0,                                          /* tp_str */
     PyObject_GenericGetAttr,                    /* tp_getattro */
@@ -6675,12 +6669,78 @@ _PyLong_FiniTypes(PyInterpreterState *interp)
 
 int
 PyUnstable_Long_IsCompact(const PyLongObject* op) {
-    return _PyLong_IsCompact(op);
+    return _PyLong_IsCompact((PyLongObject*)op);
 }
 
 #undef PyUnstable_Long_CompactValue
 
 Py_ssize_t
 PyUnstable_Long_CompactValue(const PyLongObject* op) {
-    return _PyLong_CompactValue(op);
+    return _PyLong_CompactValue((PyLongObject*)op);
+}
+
+PyObject* PyLong_FromInt32(int32_t value)
+{ return PyLong_FromNativeBytes(&value, sizeof(value), -1); }
+
+PyObject* PyLong_FromUInt32(uint32_t value)
+{ return PyLong_FromUnsignedNativeBytes(&value, sizeof(value), -1); }
+
+PyObject* PyLong_FromInt64(int64_t value)
+{ return PyLong_FromNativeBytes(&value, sizeof(value), -1); }
+
+PyObject* PyLong_FromUInt64(uint64_t value)
+{ return PyLong_FromUnsignedNativeBytes(&value, sizeof(value), -1); }
+
+#define LONG_TO_INT(obj, value, type_name) \
+    do { \
+        int flags = (Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_NATIVE_ENDIAN \
+                     | Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_ALLOW_INDEX); \
+        Py_ssize_t bytes = PyLong_AsNativeBytes(obj, value, sizeof(*value), flags); \
+        if (bytes < 0) { \
+            return -1; \
+        } \
+        if ((size_t)bytes > sizeof(*value)) { \
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError, \
+                            "Python int too large to convert to " type_name); \
+            return -1; \
+        } \
+        return 0; \
+    } while (0)
+
+int PyLong_AsInt32(PyObject *obj, int32_t *value)
+{
+    LONG_TO_INT(obj, value, "C int32_t");
+}
+
+int PyLong_AsInt64(PyObject *obj, int64_t *value)
+{
+    LONG_TO_INT(obj, value, "C int64_t");
+}
+
+#define LONG_TO_UINT(obj, value, type_name) \
+    do { \
+        int flags = (Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_NATIVE_ENDIAN \
+                     | Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_UNSIGNED_BUFFER \
+                     | Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_REJECT_NEGATIVE \
+                     | Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_ALLOW_INDEX); \
+        Py_ssize_t bytes = PyLong_AsNativeBytes(obj, value, sizeof(*value), flags); \
+        if (bytes < 0) { \
+            return -1; \
+        } \
+        if ((size_t)bytes > sizeof(*value)) { \
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError, \
+                            "Python int too large to convert to " type_name); \
+            return -1; \
+        } \
+        return 0; \
+    } while (0)
+
+int PyLong_AsUInt32(PyObject *obj, uint32_t *value)
+{
+    LONG_TO_UINT(obj, value, "C uint32_t");
+}
+
+int PyLong_AsUInt64(PyObject *obj, uint64_t *value)
+{
+    LONG_TO_UINT(obj, value, "C uint64_t");
 }
diff --git a/Objects/memoryobject.c b/Objects/memoryobject.c
index a7b3dc3c4df1f9..a9c833a0930b87 100644
--- a/Objects/memoryobject.c
+++ b/Objects/memoryobject.c
@@ -109,8 +109,6 @@ mbuf_release(_PyManagedBufferObject *self)
     if (self->flags&_Py_MANAGED_BUFFER_RELEASED)
         return;
 
-    /* NOTE: at this point self->exports can still be > 0 if this function
-       is called from mbuf_clear() to break up a reference cycle. */
     self->flags |= _Py_MANAGED_BUFFER_RELEASED;
 
     /* PyBuffer_Release() decrements master->obj and sets it to NULL. */
@@ -1096,32 +1094,19 @@ PyBuffer_ToContiguous(void *buf, const Py_buffer *src, Py_ssize_t len, char orde
 /* Inform the managed buffer that this particular memoryview will not access
    the underlying buffer again. If no other memoryviews are registered with
    the managed buffer, the underlying buffer is released instantly and
-   marked as inaccessible for both the memoryview and the managed buffer.
-
-   This function fails if the memoryview itself has exported buffers. */
-static int
+   marked as inaccessible for both the memoryview and the managed buffer. */
+static void
 _memory_release(PyMemoryViewObject *self)
 {
+    assert(self->exports == 0);
     if (self->flags & _Py_MEMORYVIEW_RELEASED)
-        return 0;
+        return;
 
-    if (self->exports == 0) {
-        self->flags |= _Py_MEMORYVIEW_RELEASED;
-        assert(self->mbuf->exports > 0);
-        if (--self->mbuf->exports == 0)
-            mbuf_release(self->mbuf);
-        return 0;
+    self->flags |= _Py_MEMORYVIEW_RELEASED;
+    assert(self->mbuf->exports > 0);
+    if (--self->mbuf->exports == 0) {
+        mbuf_release(self->mbuf);
     }
-    if (self->exports > 0) {
-        PyErr_Format(PyExc_BufferError,
-            "memoryview has %zd exported buffer%s", self->exports,
-            self->exports==1 ? "" : "s");
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SystemError,
-                    "_memory_release(): negative export count");
-    return -1;
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
@@ -1134,9 +1119,21 @@ static PyObject *
 memoryview_release_impl(PyMemoryViewObject *self)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=d0b7e3ba95b7fcb9 input=bc71d1d51f4a52f0]*/
 {
-    if (_memory_release(self) < 0)
+    if (self->exports == 0) {
+        _memory_release(self);
+        Py_RETURN_NONE;
+    }
+
+    if (self->exports > 0) {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_BufferError,
+            "memoryview has %zd exported buffer%s", self->exports,
+            self->exports==1 ? "" : "s");
         return NULL;
-    Py_RETURN_NONE;
+    }
+
+    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SystemError,
+                    "memoryview: negative export count");
+    return NULL;
 }
 
 static void
@@ -1145,7 +1142,7 @@ memory_dealloc(PyObject *_self)
     PyMemoryViewObject *self = (PyMemoryViewObject *)_self;
     assert(self->exports == 0);
     _PyObject_GC_UNTRACK(self);
-    (void)_memory_release(self);
+    _memory_release(self);
     Py_CLEAR(self->mbuf);
     if (self->weakreflist != NULL)
         PyObject_ClearWeakRefs((PyObject *) self);
@@ -1164,8 +1161,10 @@ static int
 memory_clear(PyObject *_self)
 {
     PyMemoryViewObject *self = (PyMemoryViewObject *)_self;
-    (void)_memory_release(self);
-    Py_CLEAR(self->mbuf);
+    if (self->exports == 0) {
+        _memory_release(self);
+        Py_CLEAR(self->mbuf);
+    }
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -3091,7 +3090,7 @@ memory_hash(PyObject *_self)
         }
 
         /* Can't fail */
-        self->hash = _Py_HashBytes(mem, view->len);
+        self->hash = Py_HashBuffer(mem, view->len);
 
         if (mem != view->buf)
             PyMem_Free(mem);
@@ -3291,6 +3290,7 @@ static PyMethodDef memory_methods[] = {
     MEMORYVIEW__FROM_FLAGS_METHODDEF
     {"__enter__",   memory_enter, METH_NOARGS, NULL},
     {"__exit__",    memory_exit, METH_VARARGS, memory_exit_doc},
+    {"__class_getitem__", Py_GenericAlias, METH_O|METH_CLASS, PyDoc_STR("See PEP 585")},
     {NULL,          NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Objects/methodobject.c b/Objects/methodobject.c
index d6773a264101dc..345da4607423cf 100644
--- a/Objects/methodobject.c
+++ b/Objects/methodobject.c
@@ -156,8 +156,9 @@ PyCMethod_GetClass(PyObject *op)
 /* Methods (the standard built-in methods, that is) */
 
 static void
-meth_dealloc(PyCFunctionObject *m)
+meth_dealloc(PyObject *self)
 {
+    PyCFunctionObject *m = _PyCFunctionObject_CAST(self);
     // The Py_TRASHCAN mechanism requires that we be able to
     // call PyObject_GC_UnTrack twice on an object.
     PyObject_GC_UnTrack(m);
@@ -175,8 +176,9 @@ meth_dealloc(PyCFunctionObject *m)
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-meth_reduce(PyCFunctionObject *m, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
+meth_reduce(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
+    PyCFunctionObject *m = _PyCFunctionObject_CAST(self);
     if (m->m_self == NULL || PyModule_Check(m->m_self))
         return PyUnicode_FromString(m->m_ml->ml_name);
 
@@ -185,32 +187,35 @@ meth_reduce(PyCFunctionObject *m, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 }
 
 static PyMethodDef meth_methods[] = {
-    {"__reduce__", (PyCFunction)meth_reduce, METH_NOARGS, NULL},
+    {"__reduce__", meth_reduce, METH_NOARGS, NULL},
     {NULL, NULL}
 };
 
 static PyObject *
-meth_get__text_signature__(PyCFunctionObject *m, void *closure)
+meth_get__text_signature__(PyObject *self, void *closure)
 {
+    PyCFunctionObject *m = _PyCFunctionObject_CAST(self);
     return _PyType_GetTextSignatureFromInternalDoc(m->m_ml->ml_name,
                                                    m->m_ml->ml_doc,
                                                    m->m_ml->ml_flags);
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-meth_get__doc__(PyCFunctionObject *m, void *closure)
+meth_get__doc__(PyObject *self, void *closure)
 {
+    PyCFunctionObject *m = _PyCFunctionObject_CAST(self);
     return _PyType_GetDocFromInternalDoc(m->m_ml->ml_name, m->m_ml->ml_doc);
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-meth_get__name__(PyCFunctionObject *m, void *closure)
+meth_get__name__(PyObject *self, void *closure)
 {
+    PyCFunctionObject *m = _PyCFunctionObject_CAST(self);
     return PyUnicode_FromString(m->m_ml->ml_name);
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-meth_get__qualname__(PyCFunctionObject *m, void *closure)
+meth_get__qualname__(PyObject *self, void *closure)
 {
     /* If __self__ is a module or NULL, return m.__name__
        (e.g. len.__qualname__ == 'len')
@@ -220,14 +225,15 @@ meth_get__qualname__(PyCFunctionObject *m, void *closure)
 
        Otherwise return type(m.__self__).__qualname__ + '.' + m.__name__
        (e.g. [].append.__qualname__ == 'list.append') */
-    PyObject *type, *type_qualname, *res;
 
-    if (m->m_self == NULL || PyModule_Check(m->m_self))
+    PyCFunctionObject *m = _PyCFunctionObject_CAST(self);
+    if (m->m_self == NULL || PyModule_Check(m->m_self)) {
         return PyUnicode_FromString(m->m_ml->ml_name);
+    }
 
-    type = PyType_Check(m->m_self) ? m->m_self : (PyObject*)Py_TYPE(m->m_self);
+    PyObject *type = PyType_Check(m->m_self) ? m->m_self : (PyObject*)Py_TYPE(m->m_self);
 
-    type_qualname = PyObject_GetAttr(type, &_Py_ID(__qualname__));
+    PyObject *type_qualname = PyObject_GetAttr(type, &_Py_ID(__qualname__));
     if (type_qualname == NULL)
         return NULL;
 
@@ -238,14 +244,15 @@ meth_get__qualname__(PyCFunctionObject *m, void *closure)
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    res = PyUnicode_FromFormat("%S.%s", type_qualname, m->m_ml->ml_name);
+    PyObject *res = PyUnicode_FromFormat("%S.%s", type_qualname, m->m_ml->ml_name);
     Py_DECREF(type_qualname);
     return res;
 }
 
 static int
-meth_traverse(PyCFunctionObject *m, visitproc visit, void *arg)
+meth_traverse(PyObject *self, visitproc visit, void *arg)
 {
+    PyCFunctionObject *m = _PyCFunctionObject_CAST(self);
     Py_VISIT(PyCFunction_GET_CLASS(m));
     Py_VISIT(m->m_self);
     Py_VISIT(m->m_module);
@@ -253,22 +260,22 @@ meth_traverse(PyCFunctionObject *m, visitproc visit, void *arg)
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-meth_get__self__(PyCFunctionObject *m, void *closure)
+meth_get__self__(PyObject *meth, void *closure)
 {
-    PyObject *self;
-
-    self = PyCFunction_GET_SELF(m);
-    if (self == NULL)
+    PyCFunctionObject *m = _PyCFunctionObject_CAST(meth);
+    PyObject *self = PyCFunction_GET_SELF(m);
+    if (self == NULL) {
         self = Py_None;
+    }
     return Py_NewRef(self);
 }
 
-static PyGetSetDef meth_getsets [] = {
-    {"__doc__",  (getter)meth_get__doc__,  NULL, NULL},
-    {"__name__", (getter)meth_get__name__, NULL, NULL},
-    {"__qualname__", (getter)meth_get__qualname__, NULL, NULL},
-    {"__self__", (getter)meth_get__self__, NULL, NULL},
-    {"__text_signature__", (getter)meth_get__text_signature__, NULL, NULL},
+static PyGetSetDef meth_getsets[] = {
+    {"__doc__",  meth_get__doc__,  NULL, NULL},
+    {"__name__", meth_get__name__, NULL, NULL},
+    {"__qualname__", meth_get__qualname__, NULL, NULL},
+    {"__self__", meth_get__self__, NULL, NULL},
+    {"__text_signature__", meth_get__text_signature__, NULL, NULL},
     {0}
 };
 
@@ -280,15 +287,18 @@ static PyMemberDef meth_members[] = {
 };
 
 static PyObject *
-meth_repr(PyCFunctionObject *m)
+meth_repr(PyObject *self)
 {
-    if (m->m_self == NULL || PyModule_Check(m->m_self))
+    PyCFunctionObject *m = _PyCFunctionObject_CAST(self);
+    if (m->m_self == NULL || PyModule_Check(m->m_self)) {
         return PyUnicode_FromFormat("<built-in function %s>",
-                                   m->m_ml->ml_name);
+                                    m->m_ml->ml_name);
+    }
+
     return PyUnicode_FromFormat("<built-in method %s of %s object at %p>",
-                               m->m_ml->ml_name,
-                               Py_TYPE(m->m_self)->tp_name,
-                               m->m_self);
+                                m->m_ml->ml_name,
+                                Py_TYPE(m->m_self)->tp_name,
+                                m->m_self);
 }
 
 static PyObject *
@@ -317,14 +327,15 @@ meth_richcompare(PyObject *self, PyObject *other, int op)
 }
 
 static Py_hash_t
-meth_hash(PyCFunctionObject *a)
+meth_hash(PyObject *self)
 {
-    Py_hash_t x, y;
-    x = PyObject_GenericHash(a->m_self);
-    y = _Py_HashPointer((void*)(a->m_ml->ml_meth));
+    PyCFunctionObject *a = _PyCFunctionObject_CAST(self);
+    Py_hash_t x = PyObject_GenericHash(a->m_self);
+    Py_hash_t y = _Py_HashPointer((void*)(a->m_ml->ml_meth));
     x ^= y;
-    if (x == -1)
+    if (x == -1) {
         x = -2;
+    }
     return x;
 }
 
@@ -334,16 +345,16 @@ PyTypeObject PyCFunction_Type = {
     "builtin_function_or_method",
     sizeof(PyCFunctionObject),
     0,
-    (destructor)meth_dealloc,                   /* tp_dealloc */
+    meth_dealloc,                               /* tp_dealloc */
     offsetof(PyCFunctionObject, vectorcall),    /* tp_vectorcall_offset */
     0,                                          /* tp_getattr */
     0,                                          /* tp_setattr */
     0,                                          /* tp_as_async */
-    (reprfunc)meth_repr,                        /* tp_repr */
+    meth_repr,                                  /* tp_repr */
     0,                                          /* tp_as_number */
     0,                                          /* tp_as_sequence */
     0,                                          /* tp_as_mapping */
-    (hashfunc)meth_hash,                        /* tp_hash */
+    meth_hash,                                  /* tp_hash */
     cfunction_call,                             /* tp_call */
     0,                                          /* tp_str */
     PyObject_GenericGetAttr,                    /* tp_getattro */
@@ -352,7 +363,7 @@ PyTypeObject PyCFunction_Type = {
     Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC |
     Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_VECTORCALL,                 /* tp_flags */
     0,                                          /* tp_doc */
-    (traverseproc)meth_traverse,                /* tp_traverse */
+    meth_traverse,                /* tp_traverse */
     0,                                          /* tp_clear */
     meth_richcompare,                           /* tp_richcompare */
     offsetof(PyCFunctionObject, m_weakreflist), /* tp_weaklistoffset */
diff --git a/Objects/mimalloc/alloc.c b/Objects/mimalloc/alloc.c
index c133f23fc9830d..44c84cf1931717 100644
--- a/Objects/mimalloc/alloc.c
+++ b/Objects/mimalloc/alloc.c
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ static inline bool mi_check_is_double_free(const mi_page_t* page, const mi_block
   if (((uintptr_t)n & (MI_INTPTR_SIZE-1))==0 &&  // quick check: aligned pointer?
       (n==NULL || mi_is_in_same_page(block, n))) // quick check: in same page or NULL?
   {
-    // Suspicous: decoded value a in block is in the same page (or NULL) -- maybe a double free?
+    // Suspicious: decoded value a in block is in the same page (or NULL) -- maybe a double free?
     // (continue in separate function to improve code generation)
     is_double_free = mi_check_is_double_freex(page, block);
   }
diff --git a/Objects/mimalloc/arena.c b/Objects/mimalloc/arena.c
index f8883603860dce..5db5d950c43b68 100644
--- a/Objects/mimalloc/arena.c
+++ b/Objects/mimalloc/arena.c
@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ static mi_decl_noinline void* mi_arena_try_alloc_at(mi_arena_t* arena, size_t ar
   return p;
 }
 
-// allocate in a speficic arena
+// allocate in a specific arena
 static void* mi_arena_try_alloc_at_id(mi_arena_id_t arena_id, bool match_numa_node, int numa_node, size_t size, size_t alignment,
                                        bool commit, bool allow_large, mi_arena_id_t req_arena_id, mi_memid_t* memid, mi_os_tld_t* tld )
 {
@@ -493,7 +493,7 @@ static bool mi_arena_purge_range(mi_arena_t* arena, size_t idx, size_t startidx,
   size_t bitidx = startidx;
   bool all_purged = false;
   while (bitidx < endidx) {
-    // count consequetive ones in the purge mask
+    // count consecutive ones in the purge mask
     size_t count = 0;
     while (bitidx + count < endidx && (purge & ((size_t)1 << (bitidx + count))) != 0) {
       count++;
@@ -530,7 +530,7 @@ static bool mi_arena_try_purge(mi_arena_t* arena, mi_msecs_t now, bool force, mi
     if (purge != 0) {
       size_t bitidx = 0;
       while (bitidx < MI_BITMAP_FIELD_BITS) {
-        // find consequetive range of ones in the purge mask
+        // find consecutive range of ones in the purge mask
         size_t bitlen = 0;
         while (bitidx + bitlen < MI_BITMAP_FIELD_BITS && (purge & ((size_t)1 << (bitidx + bitlen))) != 0) {
           bitlen++;
diff --git a/Objects/mimalloc/bitmap.c b/Objects/mimalloc/bitmap.c
index ec3c755822dac1..31830756f58c7c 100644
--- a/Objects/mimalloc/bitmap.c
+++ b/Objects/mimalloc/bitmap.c
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ terms of the MIT license. A copy of the license can be found in the file
 
 /* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Concurrent bitmap that can set/reset sequences of bits atomically,
-represeted as an array of fields where each field is a machine word (`size_t`)
+represented as an array of fields where each field is a machine word (`size_t`)
 
 There are two api's; the standard one cannot have sequences that cross
 between the bitmap fields (and a sequence must be <= MI_BITMAP_FIELD_BITS).
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ bool _mi_bitmap_try_find_from_claim(mi_bitmap_t bitmap, const size_t bitmap_fiel
   return false;
 }
 
-// Like _mi_bitmap_try_find_from_claim but with an extra predicate that must be fullfilled
+// Like _mi_bitmap_try_find_from_claim but with an extra predicate that must be fulfilled
 bool _mi_bitmap_try_find_from_claim_pred(mi_bitmap_t bitmap, const size_t bitmap_fields,
             const size_t start_field_idx, const size_t count,
             mi_bitmap_pred_fun_t pred_fun, void* pred_arg,
diff --git a/Objects/mimalloc/bitmap.h b/Objects/mimalloc/bitmap.h
index 9ba15d5d6f09ea..d60f6dd3cb8e27 100644
--- a/Objects/mimalloc/bitmap.h
+++ b/Objects/mimalloc/bitmap.h
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ terms of the MIT license. A copy of the license can be found in the file
 
 /* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Concurrent bitmap that can set/reset sequences of bits atomically,
-represeted as an array of fields where each field is a machine word (`size_t`)
+represented as an array of fields where each field is a machine word (`size_t`)
 
 There are two api's; the standard one cannot have sequences that cross
 between the bitmap fields (and a sequence must be <= MI_BITMAP_FIELD_BITS).
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ bool _mi_bitmap_try_find_claim_field(mi_bitmap_t bitmap, size_t idx, const size_
 // For now, `count` can be at most MI_BITMAP_FIELD_BITS and will never cross fields.
 bool _mi_bitmap_try_find_from_claim(mi_bitmap_t bitmap, const size_t bitmap_fields, const size_t start_field_idx, const size_t count, mi_bitmap_index_t* bitmap_idx);
 
-// Like _mi_bitmap_try_find_from_claim but with an extra predicate that must be fullfilled
+// Like _mi_bitmap_try_find_from_claim but with an extra predicate that must be fulfilled
 typedef bool (mi_cdecl *mi_bitmap_pred_fun_t)(mi_bitmap_index_t bitmap_idx, void* pred_arg);
 bool _mi_bitmap_try_find_from_claim_pred(mi_bitmap_t bitmap, const size_t bitmap_fields, const size_t start_field_idx, const size_t count, mi_bitmap_pred_fun_t pred_fun, void* pred_arg, mi_bitmap_index_t* bitmap_idx);
 
diff --git a/Objects/mimalloc/heap.c b/Objects/mimalloc/heap.c
index 26777f39fb6aa5..d92dc768e5ec28 100644
--- a/Objects/mimalloc/heap.c
+++ b/Objects/mimalloc/heap.c
@@ -446,7 +446,7 @@ void mi_heap_delete(mi_heap_t* heap)
   if (heap==NULL || !mi_heap_is_initialized(heap)) return;
 
   if (!mi_heap_is_backing(heap)) {
-    // tranfer still used pages to the backing heap
+    // transfer still used pages to the backing heap
     mi_heap_absorb(heap->tld->heap_backing, heap);
   }
   else {
diff --git a/Objects/mimalloc/init.c b/Objects/mimalloc/init.c
index cb0ef6642803cc..81b241063ff40f 100644
--- a/Objects/mimalloc/init.c
+++ b/Objects/mimalloc/init.c
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@ void mi_process_init(void) mi_attr_noexcept {
   _mi_verbose_message("secure level: %d\n", MI_SECURE);
   _mi_verbose_message("mem tracking: %s\n", MI_TRACK_TOOL);
   #if MI_TSAN
-  _mi_verbose_message("thread santizer enabled\n");
+  _mi_verbose_message("thread sanitizer enabled\n");
   #endif
   mi_thread_init();
 
diff --git a/Objects/mimalloc/options.c b/Objects/mimalloc/options.c
index 345b560e3e7f4c..2a8f481d569e1e 100644
--- a/Objects/mimalloc/options.c
+++ b/Objects/mimalloc/options.c
@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ static _Atomic(size_t) warning_count; // = 0;  // when >= max_warning_count stop
 // (recursively) invoke malloc again to allocate space for the thread local
 // variables on demand. This is why we use a _mi_preloading test on such
 // platforms. However, C code generator may move the initial thread local address
-// load before the `if` and we therefore split it out in a separate funcion.
+// load before the `if` and we therefore split it out in a separate function.
 static mi_decl_thread bool recurse = false;
 
 static mi_decl_noinline bool mi_recurse_enter_prim(void) {
diff --git a/Objects/mimalloc/os.c b/Objects/mimalloc/os.c
index f3bc7184c41c5b..c9103168c12507 100644
--- a/Objects/mimalloc/os.c
+++ b/Objects/mimalloc/os.c
@@ -115,8 +115,12 @@ void* _mi_os_get_aligned_hint(size_t try_alignment, size_t size)
   if (hint == 0 || hint > MI_HINT_MAX) {   // wrap or initialize
     uintptr_t init = MI_HINT_BASE;
     #if (MI_SECURE>0 || MI_DEBUG==0)       // security: randomize start of aligned allocations unless in debug mode
-    uintptr_t r = _mi_heap_random_next(mi_prim_get_default_heap());
-    init = init + ((MI_SEGMENT_SIZE * ((r>>17) & 0xFFFFF)) % MI_HINT_AREA);  // (randomly 20 bits)*4MiB == 0 to 4TiB
+    mi_heap_t* heap = mi_prim_get_default_heap();
+    // gh-123022: default heap may not be initialized in CPython in background threads
+    if (mi_heap_is_initialized(heap)) {
+      uintptr_t r = _mi_heap_random_next(heap);
+      init = init + ((MI_SEGMENT_SIZE * ((r>>17) & 0xFFFFF)) % MI_HINT_AREA);  // (randomly 20 bits)*4MiB == 0 to 4TiB
+    }
     #endif
     uintptr_t expected = hint + size;
     mi_atomic_cas_strong_acq_rel(&aligned_base, &expected, init);
@@ -553,8 +557,12 @@ static uint8_t* mi_os_claim_huge_pages(size_t pages, size_t* total_size) {
       // Initialize the start address after the 32TiB area
       start = ((uintptr_t)32 << 40);  // 32TiB virtual start address
     #if (MI_SECURE>0 || MI_DEBUG==0)      // security: randomize start of huge pages unless in debug mode
-      uintptr_t r = _mi_heap_random_next(mi_prim_get_default_heap());
-      start = start + ((uintptr_t)MI_HUGE_OS_PAGE_SIZE * ((r>>17) & 0x0FFF));  // (randomly 12bits)*1GiB == between 0 to 4TiB
+      mi_heap_t* heap = mi_prim_get_default_heap();
+      // gh-123022: default heap may not be initialized in CPython in background threads
+      if (mi_heap_is_initialized(heap)) {
+        uintptr_t r = _mi_heap_random_next(heap);
+        start = start + ((uintptr_t)MI_HUGE_OS_PAGE_SIZE * ((r>>17) & 0x0FFF));  // (randomly 12bits)*1GiB == between 0 to 4TiB
+      }
     #endif
     }
     end = start + size;
diff --git a/Objects/mimalloc/page.c b/Objects/mimalloc/page.c
index 25ecd6ec7d7983..ff7444cce10923 100644
--- a/Objects/mimalloc/page.c
+++ b/Objects/mimalloc/page.c
@@ -481,7 +481,7 @@ void _mi_page_retire(mi_page_t* page) mi_attr_noexcept {
       if (index < heap->page_retired_min) heap->page_retired_min = index;
       if (index > heap->page_retired_max) heap->page_retired_max = index;
       mi_assert_internal(mi_page_all_free(page));
-      return; // dont't free after all
+      return; // don't free after all
     }
   }
   _PyMem_mi_page_maybe_free(page, pq, false);
diff --git a/Objects/mimalloc/prim/unix/prim.c b/Objects/mimalloc/prim/unix/prim.c
index c6ea05bbe7a2ac..1598ebabf0a4da 100644
--- a/Objects/mimalloc/prim/unix/prim.c
+++ b/Objects/mimalloc/prim/unix/prim.c
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ terms of the MIT license. A copy of the license can be found in the file
 
 #include <sys/mman.h>  // mmap
 #include <unistd.h>    // sysconf
+#include <fcntl.h>     // open, close, read, access
 
 #if defined(__linux__)
   #include <features.h>
@@ -50,7 +51,7 @@ terms of the MIT license. A copy of the license can be found in the file
   #include <sys/sysctl.h>
 #endif
 
-#if !defined(__HAIKU__) && !defined(__APPLE__) && !defined(__CYGWIN__) && !defined(_AIX) && !defined(__OpenBSD__) && !defined(__FreeBSD__) && !defined(__sun)
+#if !defined(__HAIKU__) && !defined(__APPLE__) && !defined(__CYGWIN__) && !defined(_AIX) && !defined(__OpenBSD__) && !defined(__FreeBSD__) && !defined(__sun) && !defined(__NetBSD__)
   #define MI_HAS_SYSCALL_H
   #include <sys/syscall.h>
 #endif
@@ -76,7 +77,7 @@ static int mi_prim_access(const char *fpath, int mode) {
   return syscall(SYS_access,fpath,mode);
 }
 
-#elif !defined(__APPLE__) && !defined(_AIX) && !defined(__OpenBSD__) && !defined(__FreeBSD__) && !defined(__sun) // avoid unused warnings
+#elif !defined(__APPLE__) && !defined(_AIX) && !defined(__OpenBSD__) && !defined(__FreeBSD__) && !defined(__sun) && !defined(__NetBSD__) // avoid unused warnings
 
 static int mi_prim_open(const char* fpath, int open_flags) {
   return open(fpath,open_flags);
@@ -738,7 +739,7 @@ bool _mi_prim_getenv(const char* name, char* result, size_t result_size) {
 #endif
 bool _mi_prim_random_buf(void* buf, size_t buf_len) {
   #if defined(MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_15) && MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED >= MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_15
-    // We prefere CCRandomGenerateBytes as it returns an error code while arc4random_buf
+    // We prefer CCRandomGenerateBytes as it returns an error code while arc4random_buf
     // may fail silently on macOS. See PR #390, and <https://opensource.apple.com/source/Libc/Libc-1439.40.11/gen/FreeBSD/arc4random.c.auto.html>
     return (CCRandomGenerateBytes(buf, buf_len) == kCCSuccess);
   #else
diff --git a/Objects/mimalloc/segment-map.c b/Objects/mimalloc/segment-map.c
index 3cd2127e56c1a7..5141f2e1b1dffa 100644
--- a/Objects/mimalloc/segment-map.c
+++ b/Objects/mimalloc/segment-map.c
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ static mi_segment_t* _mi_segment_of(const void* p) {
   // TODO: maintain max/min allocated range for efficiency for more efficient rejection of invalid pointers?
 
   // search downwards for the first segment in case it is an interior pointer
-  // could be slow but searches in MI_INTPTR_SIZE * MI_SEGMENT_SIZE (512MiB) steps trough
+  // could be slow but searches in MI_INTPTR_SIZE * MI_SEGMENT_SIZE (512MiB) steps through
   // valid huge objects
   // note: we could maintain a lowest index to speed up the path for invalid pointers?
   size_t lobitidx;
diff --git a/Objects/mimalloc/segment.c b/Objects/mimalloc/segment.c
index 0b4d3abc07a93c..9b092b9b734d4c 100644
--- a/Objects/mimalloc/segment.c
+++ b/Objects/mimalloc/segment.c
@@ -718,7 +718,7 @@ static mi_page_t* mi_segment_span_allocate(mi_segment_t* segment, size_t slice_i
   // set slice back pointers for the first MI_MAX_SLICE_OFFSET entries
   size_t extra = slice_count-1;
   if (extra > MI_MAX_SLICE_OFFSET) extra = MI_MAX_SLICE_OFFSET;
-  if (slice_index + extra >= segment->slice_entries) extra = segment->slice_entries - slice_index - 1;  // huge objects may have more slices than avaiable entries in the segment->slices
+  if (slice_index + extra >= segment->slice_entries) extra = segment->slice_entries - slice_index - 1;  // huge objects may have more slices than available entries in the segment->slices
 
   mi_slice_t* slice_next = slice + 1;
   for (size_t i = 1; i <= extra; i++, slice_next++) {
diff --git a/Objects/moduleobject.c b/Objects/moduleobject.c
index 73ad9711b6b0fc..535b0d068f064f 100644
--- a/Objects/moduleobject.c
+++ b/Objects/moduleobject.c
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 
 #include "Python.h"
 #include "pycore_call.h"          // _PyObject_CallNoArgs()
+#include "pycore_dict.h"          // _PyDict_EnablePerThreadRefcounting()
 #include "pycore_fileutils.h"     // _Py_wgetcwd
 #include "pycore_interp.h"        // PyInterpreterState.importlib
 #include "pycore_long.h"          // _PyLong_GetOne()
@@ -15,6 +16,10 @@
 #include "osdefs.h"               // MAXPATHLEN
 
 
+#define _PyModule_CAST(op) \
+    (assert(PyModule_Check(op)), _Py_CAST(PyModuleObject*, (op)))
+
+
 static PyMemberDef module_members[] = {
     {"__dict__", _Py_T_OBJECT, offsetof(PyModuleObject, md_dict), Py_READONLY},
     {0}
@@ -101,7 +106,7 @@ new_module_notrack(PyTypeObject *mt)
 static void
 track_module(PyModuleObject *m)
 {
-    _PyObject_SetDeferredRefcount(m->md_dict);
+    _PyDict_EnablePerThreadRefcounting(m->md_dict);
     PyObject_GC_Track(m->md_dict);
 
     _PyObject_SetDeferredRefcount((PyObject *)m);
@@ -225,7 +230,9 @@ _PyModule_CreateInitialized(PyModuleDef* module, int module_api_version)
         return NULL;
     }
     name = _PyImport_ResolveNameWithPackageContext(name);
-    if ((m = (PyModuleObject*)PyModule_New(name)) == NULL)
+
+    m = (PyModuleObject*)PyModule_New(name);
+    if (m == NULL)
         return NULL;
 
     if (module->m_size > 0) {
@@ -251,7 +258,7 @@ _PyModule_CreateInitialized(PyModuleDef* module, int module_api_version)
         }
     }
     m->md_def = module;
-#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLE
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
     m->md_gil = Py_MOD_GIL_USED;
 #endif
     return (PyObject*)m;
@@ -758,22 +765,26 @@ module___init___impl(PyModuleObject *self, PyObject *name, PyObject *doc)
 }
 
 static void
-module_dealloc(PyModuleObject *m)
+module_dealloc(PyObject *self)
 {
-    int verbose = _Py_GetConfig()->verbose;
+    PyModuleObject *m = _PyModule_CAST(self);
 
     PyObject_GC_UnTrack(m);
+
+    int verbose = _Py_GetConfig()->verbose;
     if (verbose && m->md_name) {
         PySys_FormatStderr("# destroy %U\n", m->md_name);
     }
     if (m->md_weaklist != NULL)
         PyObject_ClearWeakRefs((PyObject *) m);
+
     /* bpo-39824: Don't call m_free() if m_size > 0 and md_state=NULL */
     if (m->md_def && m->md_def->m_free
         && (m->md_def->m_size <= 0 || m->md_state != NULL))
     {
         m->md_def->m_free(m);
     }
+
     Py_XDECREF(m->md_dict);
     Py_XDECREF(m->md_name);
     if (m->md_state != NULL)
@@ -782,8 +793,9 @@ module_dealloc(PyModuleObject *m)
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-module_repr(PyModuleObject *m)
+module_repr(PyObject *self)
 {
+    PyModuleObject *m = _PyModule_CAST(self);
     PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
     return _PyImport_ImportlibModuleRepr(interp, (PyObject *)m);
 }
@@ -824,15 +836,15 @@ _PyModuleSpec_IsUninitializedSubmodule(PyObject *spec, PyObject *name)
     return rc;
 }
 
-static int
-_get_file_origin_from_spec(PyObject *spec, PyObject **p_origin)
+int
+_PyModuleSpec_GetFileOrigin(PyObject *spec, PyObject **p_origin)
 {
     PyObject *has_location = NULL;
     int rc = PyObject_GetOptionalAttr(spec, &_Py_ID(has_location), &has_location);
     if (rc <= 0) {
         return rc;
     }
-    // If origin is not a location, or doesn't exist, or is not a str), we could consider falling
+    // If origin is not a location, or doesn't exist, or is not a str, we could consider falling
     // back to module.__file__. But the cases in which module.__file__ is not __spec__.origin
     // are cases in which we probably shouldn't be guessing.
     rc = PyObject_IsTrue(has_location);
@@ -855,8 +867,8 @@ _get_file_origin_from_spec(PyObject *spec, PyObject **p_origin)
     return 1;
 }
 
-static int
-_is_module_possibly_shadowing(PyObject *origin)
+int
+_PyModule_IsPossiblyShadowing(PyObject *origin)
 {
     // origin must be a unicode subtype
     // Returns 1 if the module at origin could be shadowing a module of the
@@ -981,11 +993,11 @@ _Py_module_getattro_impl(PyModuleObject *m, PyObject *name, int suppress)
     }
 
     PyObject *origin = NULL;
-    if (_get_file_origin_from_spec(spec, &origin) < 0) {
+    if (_PyModuleSpec_GetFileOrigin(spec, &origin) < 0) {
         goto done;
     }
 
-    int is_possibly_shadowing = _is_module_possibly_shadowing(origin);
+    int is_possibly_shadowing = _PyModule_IsPossiblyShadowing(origin);
     if (is_possibly_shadowing < 0) {
         goto done;
     }
@@ -1006,20 +1018,23 @@ _Py_module_getattro_impl(PyModuleObject *m, PyObject *name, int suppress)
                     "module '%U' has no attribute '%U' "
                     "(consider renaming '%U' since it has the same "
                     "name as the standard library module named '%U' "
-                    "and the import system gives it precedence)",
+                    "and prevents importing that standard library module)",
                     mod_name, name, origin, mod_name);
     }
     else {
         int rc = _PyModuleSpec_IsInitializing(spec);
-        if (rc > 0) {
+        if (rc < 0) {
+            goto done;
+        }
+        else if (rc > 0) {
             if (is_possibly_shadowing) {
                 assert(origin);
-                // For third-party modules, only mention the possibility of
+                // For non-stdlib modules, only mention the possibility of
                 // shadowing if the module is being initialized.
                 PyErr_Format(PyExc_AttributeError,
                             "module '%U' has no attribute '%U' "
                             "(consider renaming '%U' if it has the same name "
-                            "as a third-party module you intended to import)",
+                            "as a library you intended to import)",
                             mod_name, name, origin);
             }
             else if (origin) {
@@ -1037,7 +1052,8 @@ _Py_module_getattro_impl(PyModuleObject *m, PyObject *name, int suppress)
                             mod_name, name);
             }
         }
-        else if (rc == 0) {
+        else {
+            assert(rc == 0);
             rc = _PyModuleSpec_IsUninitializedSubmodule(spec, name);
             if (rc > 0) {
                 PyErr_Format(PyExc_AttributeError,
@@ -1062,14 +1078,17 @@ _Py_module_getattro_impl(PyModuleObject *m, PyObject *name, int suppress)
 
 
 PyObject*
-_Py_module_getattro(PyModuleObject *m, PyObject *name)
+_Py_module_getattro(PyObject *self, PyObject *name)
 {
+    PyModuleObject *m = _PyModule_CAST(self);
     return _Py_module_getattro_impl(m, name, 0);
 }
 
 static int
-module_traverse(PyModuleObject *m, visitproc visit, void *arg)
+module_traverse(PyObject *self, visitproc visit, void *arg)
 {
+    PyModuleObject *m = _PyModule_CAST(self);
+
     /* bpo-39824: Don't call m_traverse() if m_size > 0 and md_state=NULL */
     if (m->md_def && m->md_def->m_traverse
         && (m->md_def->m_size <= 0 || m->md_state != NULL))
@@ -1078,13 +1097,16 @@ module_traverse(PyModuleObject *m, visitproc visit, void *arg)
         if (res)
             return res;
     }
+
     Py_VISIT(m->md_dict);
     return 0;
 }
 
 static int
-module_clear(PyModuleObject *m)
+module_clear(PyObject *self)
 {
+    PyModuleObject *m = _PyModule_CAST(self);
+
     /* bpo-39824: Don't call m_clear() if m_size > 0 and md_state=NULL */
     if (m->md_def && m->md_def->m_clear
         && (m->md_def->m_size <= 0 || m->md_state != NULL))
@@ -1149,8 +1171,10 @@ module_get_dict(PyModuleObject *m)
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-module_get_annotate(PyModuleObject *m, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
+module_get_annotate(PyObject *self, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
+    PyModuleObject *m = _PyModule_CAST(self);
+
     PyObject *dict = module_get_dict(m);
     if (dict == NULL) {
         return NULL;
@@ -1168,12 +1192,14 @@ module_get_annotate(PyModuleObject *m, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 }
 
 static int
-module_set_annotate(PyModuleObject *m, PyObject *value, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
+module_set_annotate(PyObject *self, PyObject *value, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
+    PyModuleObject *m = _PyModule_CAST(self);
     if (value == NULL) {
         PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "cannot delete __annotate__ attribute");
         return -1;
     }
+
     PyObject *dict = module_get_dict(m);
     if (dict == NULL) {
         return -1;
@@ -1200,8 +1226,10 @@ module_set_annotate(PyModuleObject *m, PyObject *value, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored)
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-module_get_annotations(PyModuleObject *m, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
+module_get_annotations(PyObject *self, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
+    PyModuleObject *m = _PyModule_CAST(self);
+
     PyObject *dict = module_get_dict(m);
     if (dict == NULL) {
         return NULL;
@@ -1249,14 +1277,16 @@ module_get_annotations(PyModuleObject *m, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 }
 
 static int
-module_set_annotations(PyModuleObject *m, PyObject *value, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
+module_set_annotations(PyObject *self, PyObject *value, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
-    int ret = -1;
+    PyModuleObject *m = _PyModule_CAST(self);
+
     PyObject *dict = module_get_dict(m);
     if (dict == NULL) {
         return -1;
     }
 
+    int ret = -1;
     if (value != NULL) {
         /* set */
         ret = PyDict_SetItem(dict, &_Py_ID(__annotations__), value);
@@ -1282,8 +1312,8 @@ module_set_annotations(PyModuleObject *m, PyObject *value, void *Py_UNUSED(ignor
 
 
 static PyGetSetDef module_getsets[] = {
-    {"__annotations__", (getter)module_get_annotations, (setter)module_set_annotations},
-    {"__annotate__", (getter)module_get_annotate, (setter)module_set_annotate},
+    {"__annotations__", module_get_annotations, module_set_annotations},
+    {"__annotate__", module_get_annotate, module_set_annotate},
     {NULL}
 };
 
@@ -1292,26 +1322,26 @@ PyTypeObject PyModule_Type = {
     "module",                                   /* tp_name */
     sizeof(PyModuleObject),                     /* tp_basicsize */
     0,                                          /* tp_itemsize */
-    (destructor)module_dealloc,                 /* tp_dealloc */
+    module_dealloc,                             /* tp_dealloc */
     0,                                          /* tp_vectorcall_offset */
     0,                                          /* tp_getattr */
     0,                                          /* tp_setattr */
     0,                                          /* tp_as_async */
-    (reprfunc)module_repr,                      /* tp_repr */
+    module_repr,                                /* tp_repr */
     0,                                          /* tp_as_number */
     0,                                          /* tp_as_sequence */
     0,                                          /* tp_as_mapping */
     0,                                          /* tp_hash */
     0,                                          /* tp_call */
     0,                                          /* tp_str */
-    (getattrofunc)_Py_module_getattro,          /* tp_getattro */
+    _Py_module_getattro,                        /* tp_getattro */
     PyObject_GenericSetAttr,                    /* tp_setattro */
     0,                                          /* tp_as_buffer */
     Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC |
         Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE,                    /* tp_flags */
     module___init____doc__,                     /* tp_doc */
-    (traverseproc)module_traverse,              /* tp_traverse */
-    (inquiry)module_clear,                      /* tp_clear */
+    module_traverse,                            /* tp_traverse */
+    module_clear,                               /* tp_clear */
     0,                                          /* tp_richcompare */
     offsetof(PyModuleObject, md_weaklist),      /* tp_weaklistoffset */
     0,                                          /* tp_iter */
diff --git a/Objects/object.c b/Objects/object.c
index b7730475ac3768..7cc74a8dc0d8eb 100644
--- a/Objects/object.c
+++ b/Objects/object.c
@@ -10,12 +10,14 @@
 #include "pycore_descrobject.h"   // _PyMethodWrapper_Type
 #include "pycore_dict.h"          // _PyObject_MakeDictFromInstanceAttributes()
 #include "pycore_floatobject.h"   // _PyFloat_DebugMallocStats()
+#include "pycore_freelist.h"      // _PyObject_ClearFreeLists()
 #include "pycore_initconfig.h"    // _PyStatus_EXCEPTION()
 #include "pycore_instruction_sequence.h" // _PyInstructionSequence_Type
 #include "pycore_hashtable.h"     // _Py_hashtable_new()
 #include "pycore_memoryobject.h"  // _PyManagedBuffer_Type
 #include "pycore_namespace.h"     // _PyNamespace_Type
 #include "pycore_object.h"        // PyAPI_DATA() _Py_SwappedOp definition
+#include "pycore_object_state.h"  // struct _reftracer_runtime_state
 #include "pycore_long.h"          // _PyLong_GetZero()
 #include "pycore_optimizer.h"     // _PyUOpExecutor_Type, _PyUOpOptimizer_Type, ...
 #include "pycore_pyerrors.h"      // _PyErr_Occurred()
@@ -169,6 +171,48 @@ _PyDebug_PrintTotalRefs(void) {
 #define REFCHAIN(interp) interp->object_state.refchain
 #define REFCHAIN_VALUE ((void*)(uintptr_t)1)
 
+static inline int
+has_own_refchain(PyInterpreterState *interp)
+{
+    if (interp->feature_flags & Py_RTFLAGS_USE_MAIN_OBMALLOC) {
+        return (_Py_IsMainInterpreter(interp)
+            || _PyInterpreterState_Main() == NULL);
+    }
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static int
+refchain_init(PyInterpreterState *interp)
+{
+    if (!has_own_refchain(interp)) {
+        // Legacy subinterpreters share a refchain with the main interpreter.
+        REFCHAIN(interp) = REFCHAIN(_PyInterpreterState_Main());
+        return 0;
+    }
+    _Py_hashtable_allocator_t alloc = {
+        // Don't use default PyMem_Malloc() and PyMem_Free() which
+        // require the caller to hold the GIL.
+        .malloc = PyMem_RawMalloc,
+        .free = PyMem_RawFree,
+    };
+    REFCHAIN(interp) = _Py_hashtable_new_full(
+        _Py_hashtable_hash_ptr, _Py_hashtable_compare_direct,
+        NULL, NULL, &alloc);
+    if (REFCHAIN(interp) == NULL) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static void
+refchain_fini(PyInterpreterState *interp)
+{
+    if (has_own_refchain(interp) && REFCHAIN(interp) != NULL) {
+        _Py_hashtable_destroy(REFCHAIN(interp));
+    }
+    REFCHAIN(interp) = NULL;
+}
+
 bool
 _PyRefchain_IsTraced(PyInterpreterState *interp, PyObject *obj)
 {
@@ -375,7 +419,6 @@ _Py_MergeZeroLocalRefcount(PyObject *op)
 {
     assert(op->ob_ref_local == 0);
 
-    _Py_atomic_store_uintptr_relaxed(&op->ob_tid, 0);
     Py_ssize_t shared = _Py_atomic_load_ssize_acquire(&op->ob_ref_shared);
     if (shared == 0) {
         // Fast-path: shared refcount is zero (including flags)
@@ -383,6 +426,11 @@ _Py_MergeZeroLocalRefcount(PyObject *op)
         return;
     }
 
+    // gh-121794: This must be before the store to `ob_ref_shared` (gh-119999),
+    // but should outside the fast-path to maintain the invariant that
+    // a zero `ob_tid` implies a merged refcount.
+    _Py_atomic_store_uintptr_relaxed(&op->ob_tid, 0);
+
     // Slow-path: atomically set the flags (low two bits) to _Py_REF_MERGED.
     Py_ssize_t new_shared;
     do {
@@ -531,6 +579,7 @@ int
 PyObject_Print(PyObject *op, FILE *fp, int flags)
 {
     int ret = 0;
+    int write_error = 0;
     if (PyErr_CheckSignals())
         return -1;
 #ifdef USE_STACKCHECK
@@ -569,14 +618,20 @@ PyObject_Print(PyObject *op, FILE *fp, int flags)
                     ret = -1;
                 }
                 else {
-                    fwrite(t, 1, len, fp);
+                    /* Versions of Android and OpenBSD from before 2023 fail to
+                       set the `ferror` indicator when writing to a read-only
+                       stream, so we need to check the return value.
+                       (https://github.com/openbsd/src/commit/fc99cf9338942ecd9adc94ea08bf6188f0428c15) */
+                    if (fwrite(t, 1, len, fp) != (size_t)len) {
+                        write_error = 1;
+                    }
                 }
                 Py_DECREF(s);
             }
         }
     }
     if (ret == 0) {
-        if (ferror(fp)) {
+        if (write_error || ferror(fp)) {
             PyErr_SetFromErrno(PyExc_OSError);
             clearerr(fp);
             ret = -1;
@@ -804,20 +859,53 @@ PyObject_Bytes(PyObject *v)
     return PyBytes_FromObject(v);
 }
 
+static void
+clear_freelist(struct _Py_freelist *freelist, int is_finalization,
+               freefunc dofree)
+{
+    void *ptr;
+    while ((ptr = _PyFreeList_PopNoStats(freelist)) != NULL) {
+        dofree(ptr);
+    }
+    assert(freelist->size == 0 || freelist->size == -1);
+    assert(freelist->freelist == NULL);
+    if (is_finalization) {
+        freelist->size = -1;
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+free_object(void *obj)
+{
+    PyObject *op = (PyObject *)obj;
+    PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(op);
+    tp->tp_free(op);
+    Py_DECREF(tp);
+}
+
 void
-_PyObject_ClearFreeLists(struct _Py_object_freelists *freelists, int is_finalization)
+_PyObject_ClearFreeLists(struct _Py_freelists *freelists, int is_finalization)
 {
     // In the free-threaded build, freelists are per-PyThreadState and cleared in PyThreadState_Clear()
     // In the default build, freelists are per-interpreter and cleared in finalize_interp_types()
-    _PyFloat_ClearFreeList(freelists, is_finalization);
-    _PyTuple_ClearFreeList(freelists, is_finalization);
-    _PyList_ClearFreeList(freelists, is_finalization);
-    _PyDict_ClearFreeList(freelists, is_finalization);
-    _PyContext_ClearFreeList(freelists, is_finalization);
-    _PyAsyncGen_ClearFreeLists(freelists, is_finalization);
-    // Only be cleared if is_finalization is true.
-    _PyObjectStackChunk_ClearFreeList(freelists, is_finalization);
-    _PySlice_ClearFreeList(freelists, is_finalization);
+    clear_freelist(&freelists->floats, is_finalization, free_object);
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < PyTuple_MAXSAVESIZE; i++) {
+        clear_freelist(&freelists->tuples[i], is_finalization, free_object);
+    }
+    clear_freelist(&freelists->lists, is_finalization, free_object);
+    clear_freelist(&freelists->dicts, is_finalization, free_object);
+    clear_freelist(&freelists->dictkeys, is_finalization, PyMem_Free);
+    clear_freelist(&freelists->slices, is_finalization, free_object);
+    clear_freelist(&freelists->contexts, is_finalization, free_object);
+    clear_freelist(&freelists->async_gens, is_finalization, free_object);
+    clear_freelist(&freelists->async_gen_asends, is_finalization, free_object);
+    clear_freelist(&freelists->futureiters, is_finalization, free_object);
+    if (is_finalization) {
+        // Only clear object stack chunks during finalization. We use object
+        // stacks during GC, so emptying the free-list is counterproductive.
+        clear_freelist(&freelists->object_stack_chunks, 1, PyMem_RawFree);
+    }
+    clear_freelist(&freelists->unicode_writers, is_finalization, PyMem_Free);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1124,17 +1212,6 @@ _PyObject_GetAttrId(PyObject *v, _Py_Identifier *name)
     return result;
 }
 
-int
-_PyObject_SetAttrId(PyObject *v, _Py_Identifier *name, PyObject *w)
-{
-    int result;
-    PyObject *oname = _PyUnicode_FromId(name); /* borrowed */
-    if (!oname)
-        return -1;
-    result = PyObject_SetAttr(v, oname, w);
-    return result;
-}
-
 int
 _PyObject_SetAttributeErrorContext(PyObject* v, PyObject* name)
 {
@@ -1220,9 +1297,9 @@ PyObject_GetOptionalAttr(PyObject *v, PyObject *name, PyObject **result)
         return 0;
     }
     if (tp->tp_getattro == _Py_type_getattro) {
-        int supress_missing_attribute_exception = 0;
-        *result = _Py_type_getattro_impl((PyTypeObject*)v, name, &supress_missing_attribute_exception);
-        if (supress_missing_attribute_exception) {
+        int suppress_missing_attribute_exception = 0;
+        *result = _Py_type_getattro_impl((PyTypeObject*)v, name, &suppress_missing_attribute_exception);
+        if (suppress_missing_attribute_exception) {
             // return 0 without having to clear the exception
             return 0;
         }
@@ -1326,7 +1403,8 @@ PyObject_SetAttr(PyObject *v, PyObject *name, PyObject *value)
     }
     Py_INCREF(name);
 
-    PyUnicode_InternInPlace(&name);
+    PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
+    _PyUnicode_InternMortal(interp, &name);
     if (tp->tp_setattro != NULL) {
         err = (*tp->tp_setattro)(v, name, value);
         Py_DECREF(name);
@@ -2155,16 +2233,7 @@ PyStatus
 _PyObject_InitState(PyInterpreterState *interp)
 {
 #ifdef Py_TRACE_REFS
-    _Py_hashtable_allocator_t alloc = {
-        // Don't use default PyMem_Malloc() and PyMem_Free() which
-        // require the caller to hold the GIL.
-        .malloc = PyMem_RawMalloc,
-        .free = PyMem_RawFree,
-    };
-    REFCHAIN(interp) = _Py_hashtable_new_full(
-        _Py_hashtable_hash_ptr, _Py_hashtable_compare_direct,
-        NULL, NULL, &alloc);
-    if (REFCHAIN(interp) == NULL) {
+    if (refchain_init(interp) < 0) {
         return _PyStatus_NO_MEMORY();
     }
 #endif
@@ -2175,8 +2244,7 @@ void
 _PyObject_FiniState(PyInterpreterState *interp)
 {
 #ifdef Py_TRACE_REFS
-    _Py_hashtable_destroy(REFCHAIN(interp));
-    REFCHAIN(interp) = NULL;
+    refchain_fini(interp);
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -2308,6 +2376,7 @@ static PyTypeObject* static_types[] = {
     &_PyWeakref_ProxyType,
     &_PyWeakref_RefType,
     &_PyTypeAlias_Type,
+    &_PyNoDefault_Type,
 
     // subclasses: _PyTypes_FiniTypes() deallocates them before their base
     // class
@@ -2336,6 +2405,14 @@ _PyTypes_InitTypes(PyInterpreterState *interp)
         }
     }
 
+    // Cache __reduce__ from PyBaseObject_Type object
+    PyObject *baseobj_dict = _PyType_GetDict(&PyBaseObject_Type);
+    PyObject *baseobj_reduce = PyDict_GetItemWithError(baseobj_dict, &_Py_ID(__reduce__));
+    if (baseobj_reduce == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        return _PyStatus_ERR("Can't get __reduce__ from base object");
+    }
+    _Py_INTERP_CACHED_OBJECT(interp, objreduce) = baseobj_reduce;
+
     // Must be after static types are initialized
     if (_Py_initialize_generic(interp) < 0) {
         return _PyStatus_ERR("Can't initialize generic types");
@@ -2372,7 +2449,7 @@ new_reference(PyObject *op)
 #else
     op->ob_tid = _Py_ThreadId();
     op->_padding = 0;
-    op->ob_mutex = (struct _PyMutex){ 0 };
+    op->ob_mutex = (PyMutex){ 0 };
     op->ob_gc_bits = 0;
     op->ob_ref_local = 1;
     op->ob_ref_shared = 0;
@@ -2405,12 +2482,19 @@ _Py_NewReferenceNoTotal(PyObject *op)
 void
 _Py_SetImmortalUntracked(PyObject *op)
 {
+#ifdef Py_DEBUG
+    // For strings, use _PyUnicode_InternImmortal instead.
+    if (PyUnicode_CheckExact(op)) {
+        assert(PyUnicode_CHECK_INTERNED(op) == SSTATE_INTERNED_IMMORTAL
+            || PyUnicode_CHECK_INTERNED(op) == SSTATE_INTERNED_IMMORTAL_STATIC);
+    }
+#endif
 #ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
     op->ob_tid = _Py_UNOWNED_TID;
     op->ob_ref_local = _Py_IMMORTAL_REFCNT_LOCAL;
     op->ob_ref_shared = 0;
 #else
-    op->ob_refcnt = _Py_IMMORTAL_REFCNT;
+    op->ob_refcnt = _Py_IMMORTAL_INITIAL_REFCNT;
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -2431,15 +2515,7 @@ _PyObject_SetDeferredRefcount(PyObject *op)
     assert(_Py_IsOwnedByCurrentThread(op));
     assert(op->ob_ref_shared == 0);
     _PyObject_SET_GC_BITS(op, _PyGC_BITS_DEFERRED);
-    PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
-    if (_Py_atomic_load_int_relaxed(&interp->gc.immortalize) == 1) {
-        // gh-117696: immortalize objects instead of using deferred reference
-        // counting for now.
-        _Py_SetImmortal(op);
-        return;
-    }
-    op->ob_ref_local += 1;
-    op->ob_ref_shared = _Py_REF_QUEUED;
+    op->ob_ref_shared = _Py_REF_SHARED(_Py_REF_DEFERRED, 0);
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -2727,7 +2803,6 @@ _PyTrash_thread_deposit_object(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *op)
     _PyObject_ASSERT(op, !_PyObject_GC_IS_TRACKED(op));
     _PyObject_ASSERT(op, Py_REFCNT(op) == 0);
 #ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
-    _PyObject_ASSERT(op, op->ob_tid == 0);
     op->ob_tid = (uintptr_t)tstate->delete_later;
 #else
     _PyGCHead_SET_PREV(_Py_AS_GC(op), (PyGC_Head*)tstate->delete_later);
@@ -2760,6 +2835,7 @@ _PyTrash_thread_destroy_chain(PyThreadState *tstate)
 #ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
         tstate->delete_later = (PyObject*) op->ob_tid;
         op->ob_tid = 0;
+        _Py_atomic_store_ssize_relaxed(&op->ob_ref_shared, _Py_REF_MERGED);
 #else
         tstate->delete_later = (PyObject*) _PyGCHead_PREV(_Py_AS_GC(op));
 #endif
@@ -3001,3 +3077,21 @@ Py_GetConstantBorrowed(unsigned int constant_id)
     // All constants are immortal
     return Py_GetConstant(constant_id);
 }
+
+
+// Py_TYPE() implementation for the stable ABI
+#undef Py_TYPE
+PyTypeObject*
+Py_TYPE(PyObject *ob)
+{
+    return _Py_TYPE(ob);
+}
+
+
+// Py_REFCNT() implementation for the stable ABI
+#undef Py_REFCNT
+Py_ssize_t
+Py_REFCNT(PyObject *ob)
+{
+    return _Py_REFCNT(ob);
+}
diff --git a/Objects/object_layout.md b/Objects/object_layout.md
index 352409425ee802..4a781668636324 100644
--- a/Objects/object_layout.md
+++ b/Objects/object_layout.md
@@ -28,6 +28,10 @@ So the pre-header is these two fields:
 If the object has no physical dictionary, then the ``dict_pointer``
 is set to `NULL`.
 
+In 3.13 only objects with no additional data could have inline values.
+That is, instances of classes with `tp_basicsize == sizeof(PyObject)`.
+In 3.14, any object whose class has `tp_itemsize == 0` can have inline values.
+In both versions, the inline values starts `tp_basicsize` bytes after the object.
 
 <details>
 <summary> 3.12 </summary>
diff --git a/Objects/obmalloc.c b/Objects/obmalloc.c
index 4fe195b63166c1..dfeccfa4dd7658 100644
--- a/Objects/obmalloc.c
+++ b/Objects/obmalloc.c
@@ -386,8 +386,16 @@ _PyMem_ArenaFree(void *Py_UNUSED(ctx), void *ptr,
 )
 {
 #ifdef MS_WINDOWS
+    /* Unlike free(), VirtualFree() does not special-case NULL to noop. */
+    if (ptr == NULL) {
+        return;
+    }
     VirtualFree(ptr, 0, MEM_RELEASE);
 #elif defined(ARENAS_USE_MMAP)
+    /* Unlike free(), munmap() does not special-case NULL to noop. */
+    if (ptr == NULL) {
+        return;
+    }
     munmap(ptr, size);
 #else
     free(ptr);
@@ -1101,9 +1109,12 @@ free_delayed(uintptr_t ptr)
 #ifndef Py_GIL_DISABLED
     free_work_item(ptr);
 #else
-    if (_PyRuntime.stoptheworld.world_stopped) {
-        // Free immediately if the world is stopped, including during
-        // interpreter shutdown.
+    PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
+    if (_PyInterpreterState_GetFinalizing(interp) != NULL ||
+        interp->stoptheworld.world_stopped)
+    {
+        // Free immediately during interpreter shutdown or if the world is
+        // stopped.
         free_work_item(ptr);
         return;
     }
@@ -1346,7 +1357,7 @@ static int running_on_valgrind = -1;
 typedef struct _obmalloc_state OMState;
 
 /* obmalloc state for main interpreter and shared by all interpreters without
- * their own obmalloc state.  By not explicitly initalizing this structure, it
+ * their own obmalloc state.  By not explicitly initializing this structure, it
  * will be allocated in the BSS which is a small performance win.  The radix
  * tree arrays are fairly large but are sparsely used.  */
 static struct _obmalloc_state obmalloc_state_main;
@@ -1466,6 +1477,8 @@ _PyInterpreterState_FinalizeAllocatedBlocks(PyInterpreterState *interp)
 {
 #ifdef WITH_MIMALLOC
     if (_PyMem_MimallocEnabled()) {
+        Py_ssize_t leaked = _PyInterpreterState_GetAllocatedBlocks(interp);
+        interp->runtime->obmalloc.interpreter_leaks += leaked;
         return;
     }
 #endif
diff --git a/Objects/odictobject.c b/Objects/odictobject.c
index 30277aa0c23883..e151023dd764bf 100644
--- a/Objects/odictobject.c
+++ b/Objects/odictobject.c
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ tp_dictoffset     (__dict__)       -                   -
 tp_init           __init__         object_init         dict_init
 tp_alloc          -                PyType_GenericAlloc (repeated)
 tp_new            __new__          object_new          dict_new
-tp_free           -                PyObject_Del        PyObject_GC_Del
+tp_free           -                PyObject_Free       PyObject_GC_Del
 ================= ================ =================== ================
 
 Relevant Methods
@@ -796,6 +796,7 @@ _odict_clear_nodes(PyODictObject *od)
         _odictnode_DEALLOC(node);
         node = next;
     }
+    od->od_state++;
 }
 
 /* There isn't any memory management of nodes past this point. */
@@ -806,24 +807,40 @@ _odict_keys_equal(PyODictObject *a, PyODictObject *b)
 {
     _ODictNode *node_a, *node_b;
 
+    // keep operands' state to detect undesired mutations
+    const size_t state_a = a->od_state;
+    const size_t state_b = b->od_state;
+
     node_a = _odict_FIRST(a);
     node_b = _odict_FIRST(b);
     while (1) {
-        if (node_a == NULL && node_b == NULL)
+        if (node_a == NULL && node_b == NULL) {
             /* success: hit the end of each at the same time */
             return 1;
-        else if (node_a == NULL || node_b == NULL)
+        }
+        else if (node_a == NULL || node_b == NULL) {
             /* unequal length */
             return 0;
+        }
         else {
-            int res = PyObject_RichCompareBool(
-                                            (PyObject *)_odictnode_KEY(node_a),
-                                            (PyObject *)_odictnode_KEY(node_b),
-                                            Py_EQ);
-            if (res < 0)
+            PyObject *key_a = Py_NewRef(_odictnode_KEY(node_a));
+            PyObject *key_b = Py_NewRef(_odictnode_KEY(node_b));
+            int res = PyObject_RichCompareBool(key_a, key_b, Py_EQ);
+            Py_DECREF(key_a);
+            Py_DECREF(key_b);
+            if (res < 0) {
                 return res;
-            else if (res == 0)
+            }
+            else if (a->od_state != state_a || b->od_state != state_b) {
+                PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError,
+                                "OrderedDict mutated during iteration");
+                return -1;
+            }
+            else if (res == 0) {
+                // This check comes after the check on the state
+                // in order for the exception to be set correctly.
                 return 0;
+            }
 
             /* otherwise it must match, so move on to the next one */
             node_a = _odictnode_NEXT(node_a);
diff --git a/Objects/rangeobject.c b/Objects/rangeobject.c
index 5a447263d88224..16e9fa7abd2fe1 100644
--- a/Objects/rangeobject.c
+++ b/Objects/rangeobject.c
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ range_from_array(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t num_args)
     switch (num_args) {
         case 3:
             step = args[2];
-            /* fallthrough */
+            _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
         case 2:
             /* Convert borrowed refs to owned refs */
             start = PyNumber_Index(args[0]);
@@ -143,14 +143,14 @@ range_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kw)
 
 
 static PyObject *
-range_vectorcall(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *const *args,
+range_vectorcall(PyObject *rangetype, PyObject *const *args,
                  size_t nargsf, PyObject *kwnames)
 {
     Py_ssize_t nargs = PyVectorcall_NARGS(nargsf);
     if (!_PyArg_NoKwnames("range", kwnames)) {
         return NULL;
     }
-    return range_from_array(type, args, nargs);
+    return range_from_array((PyTypeObject *)rangetype, args, nargs);
 }
 
 PyDoc_STRVAR(range_doc,
@@ -658,7 +658,7 @@ range_index(rangeobject *r, PyObject *ob)
     }
 
     /* object is not in the range */
-    PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError, "%R is not in range", ob);
+    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "range.index(x): x not in range");
     return NULL;
 }
 
@@ -806,7 +806,7 @@ PyTypeObject PyRange_Type = {
         0,                      /* tp_init */
         0,                      /* tp_alloc */
         range_new,              /* tp_new */
-        .tp_vectorcall = (vectorcallfunc)range_vectorcall
+        .tp_vectorcall = range_vectorcall
 };
 
 /*********************** range Iterator **************************/
@@ -902,7 +902,7 @@ PyTypeObject PyRangeIter_Type = {
         sizeof(_PyRangeIterObject),             /* tp_basicsize */
         0,                                      /* tp_itemsize */
         /* methods */
-        (destructor)PyObject_Del,               /* tp_dealloc */
+        (destructor)PyObject_Free,              /* tp_dealloc */
         0,                                      /* tp_vectorcall_offset */
         0,                                      /* tp_getattr */
         0,                                      /* tp_setattr */
diff --git a/Objects/setobject.c b/Objects/setobject.c
index 68986bb6a6b557..9f40e085f06fa6 100644
--- a/Objects/setobject.c
+++ b/Objects/setobject.c
@@ -40,6 +40,8 @@
 #include "pycore_pyatomic_ft_wrappers.h"  // FT_ATOMIC_LOAD_SSIZE_RELAXED()
 #include "pycore_pyerrors.h"            // _PyErr_SetKeyError()
 #include "pycore_setobject.h"           // _PySet_NextEntry() definition
+
+#include "stringlib/eq.h"               // unicode_eq()
 #include <stddef.h>                     // offsetof()
 #include "clinic/setobject.c.h"
 
@@ -96,7 +98,7 @@ set_lookkey(PySetObject *so, PyObject *key, Py_hash_t hash)
                     return entry;
                 if (PyUnicode_CheckExact(startkey)
                     && PyUnicode_CheckExact(key)
-                    && _PyUnicode_EQ(startkey, key))
+                    && unicode_eq(startkey, key))
                     return entry;
                 table = so->table;
                 Py_INCREF(startkey);
@@ -157,7 +159,7 @@ set_add_entry(PySetObject *so, PyObject *key, Py_hash_t hash)
                     goto found_active;
                 if (PyUnicode_CheckExact(startkey)
                     && PyUnicode_CheckExact(key)
-                    && _PyUnicode_EQ(startkey, key))
+                    && unicode_eq(startkey, key))
                     goto found_active;
                 table = so->table;
                 Py_INCREF(startkey);
@@ -184,14 +186,14 @@ set_add_entry(PySetObject *so, PyObject *key, Py_hash_t hash)
   found_unused_or_dummy:
     if (freeslot == NULL)
         goto found_unused;
-    so->used++;
+    FT_ATOMIC_STORE_SSIZE_RELAXED(so->used, so->used + 1);
     freeslot->key = key;
     freeslot->hash = hash;
     return 0;
 
   found_unused:
     so->fill++;
-    so->used++;
+    FT_ATOMIC_STORE_SSIZE_RELAXED(so->used, so->used + 1);
     entry->key = key;
     entry->hash = hash;
     if ((size_t)so->fill*5 < mask*3)
@@ -357,7 +359,7 @@ set_discard_entry(PySetObject *so, PyObject *key, Py_hash_t hash)
     old_key = entry->key;
     entry->key = dummy;
     entry->hash = -1;
-    so->used--;
+    FT_ATOMIC_STORE_SSIZE_RELAXED(so->used, so->used - 1);
     Py_DECREF(old_key);
     return DISCARD_FOUND;
 }
@@ -365,13 +367,9 @@ set_discard_entry(PySetObject *so, PyObject *key, Py_hash_t hash)
 static int
 set_add_key(PySetObject *so, PyObject *key)
 {
-    Py_hash_t hash;
-
-    if (!PyUnicode_CheckExact(key) ||
-        (hash = _PyASCIIObject_CAST(key)->hash) == -1) {
-        hash = PyObject_Hash(key);
-        if (hash == -1)
-            return -1;
+    Py_hash_t hash = _PyObject_HashFast(key);
+    if (hash == -1) {
+        return -1;
     }
     return set_add_entry(so, key, hash);
 }
@@ -379,13 +377,9 @@ set_add_key(PySetObject *so, PyObject *key)
 static int
 set_contains_key(PySetObject *so, PyObject *key)
 {
-    Py_hash_t hash;
-
-    if (!PyUnicode_CheckExact(key) ||
-        (hash = _PyASCIIObject_CAST(key)->hash) == -1) {
-        hash = PyObject_Hash(key);
-        if (hash == -1)
-            return -1;
+    Py_hash_t hash = _PyObject_HashFast(key);
+    if (hash == -1) {
+        return -1;
     }
     return set_contains_entry(so, key, hash);
 }
@@ -393,13 +387,9 @@ set_contains_key(PySetObject *so, PyObject *key)
 static int
 set_discard_key(PySetObject *so, PyObject *key)
 {
-    Py_hash_t hash;
-
-    if (!PyUnicode_CheckExact(key) ||
-        (hash = _PyASCIIObject_CAST(key)->hash) == -1) {
-        hash = PyObject_Hash(key);
-        if (hash == -1)
-            return -1;
+    Py_hash_t hash = _PyObject_HashFast(key);
+    if (hash == -1) {
+        return -1;
     }
     return set_discard_entry(so, key, hash);
 }
@@ -409,15 +399,16 @@ set_empty_to_minsize(PySetObject *so)
 {
     memset(so->smalltable, 0, sizeof(so->smalltable));
     so->fill = 0;
-    so->used = 0;
+    FT_ATOMIC_STORE_SSIZE_RELAXED(so->used, 0);
     so->mask = PySet_MINSIZE - 1;
     so->table = so->smalltable;
     so->hash = -1;
 }
 
 static int
-set_clear_internal(PySetObject *so)
+set_clear_internal(PyObject *self)
 {
+    PySetObject *so = _PySet_CAST(self);
     setentry *entry;
     setentry *table = so->table;
     Py_ssize_t fill = so->fill;
@@ -502,8 +493,9 @@ set_next(PySetObject *so, Py_ssize_t *pos_ptr, setentry **entry_ptr)
 }
 
 static void
-set_dealloc(PySetObject *so)
+set_dealloc(PyObject *self)
 {
+    PySetObject *so = _PySet_CAST(self);
     setentry *entry;
     Py_ssize_t used = so->used;
 
@@ -571,8 +563,9 @@ set_repr_lock_held(PySetObject *so)
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-set_repr(PySetObject *so)
+set_repr(PyObject *self)
 {
+    PySetObject *so = _PySet_CAST(self);
     PyObject *result;
     Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(so);
     result = set_repr_lock_held(so);
@@ -581,8 +574,9 @@ set_repr(PySetObject *so)
 }
 
 static Py_ssize_t
-set_len(PySetObject *so)
+set_len(PyObject *self)
 {
+    PySetObject *so = _PySet_CAST(self);
     return FT_ATOMIC_LOAD_SSIZE_RELAXED(so->used);
 }
 
@@ -596,11 +590,10 @@ set_merge_lock_held(PySetObject *so, PyObject *otherset)
     setentry *other_entry;
 
     assert (PyAnySet_Check(so));
-    assert (PyAnySet_Check(otherset));
     _Py_CRITICAL_SECTION_ASSERT_OBJECT_LOCKED(so);
     _Py_CRITICAL_SECTION_ASSERT_OBJECT_LOCKED(otherset);
 
-    other = (PySetObject*)otherset;
+    other = _PySet_CAST(otherset);
     if (other == so || other->used == 0)
         /* a.update(a) or a.update(set()); nothing to do */
         return 0;
@@ -627,7 +620,7 @@ set_merge_lock_held(PySetObject *so, PyObject *otherset)
             }
         }
         so->fill = other->fill;
-        so->used = other->used;
+        FT_ATOMIC_STORE_SSIZE_RELAXED(so->used, other->used);
         return 0;
     }
 
@@ -636,7 +629,7 @@ set_merge_lock_held(PySetObject *so, PyObject *otherset)
         setentry *newtable = so->table;
         size_t newmask = (size_t)so->mask;
         so->fill = other->used;
-        so->used = other->used;
+        FT_ATOMIC_STORE_SSIZE_RELAXED(so->used, other->used);
         for (i = other->mask + 1; i > 0 ; i--, other_entry++) {
             key = other_entry->key;
             if (key != NULL && key != dummy) {
@@ -690,14 +683,15 @@ set_pop_impl(PySetObject *so)
     key = entry->key;
     entry->key = dummy;
     entry->hash = -1;
-    so->used--;
+    FT_ATOMIC_STORE_SSIZE_RELAXED(so->used, so->used - 1);
     so->finger = entry - so->table + 1;   /* next place to start */
     return key;
 }
 
 static int
-set_traverse(PySetObject *so, visitproc visit, void *arg)
+set_traverse(PyObject *self, visitproc visit, void *arg)
 {
+    PySetObject *so = _PySet_CAST(self);
     Py_ssize_t pos = 0;
     setentry *entry;
 
@@ -721,18 +715,19 @@ _shuffle_bits(Py_uhash_t h)
    large primes with "interesting bit patterns" and that passed tests
    for good collision statistics on a variety of problematic datasets
    including powersets and graph structures (such as David Eppstein's
-   graph recipes in Lib/test/test_set.py) */
+   graph recipes in Lib/test/test_set.py).
+
+   This hash algorithm can be used on either a frozenset or a set.
+   When it is used on a set, it computes the hash value of the equivalent
+   frozenset without creating a new frozenset object. */
 
 static Py_hash_t
-frozenset_hash(PyObject *self)
+frozenset_hash_impl(PyObject *self)
 {
-    PySetObject *so = (PySetObject *)self;
+    PySetObject *so = _PySet_CAST(self);
     Py_uhash_t hash = 0;
     setentry *entry;
 
-    if (so->hash != -1)
-        return so->hash;
-
     /* Xor-in shuffled bits from every entry's hash field because xor is
        commutative and a frozenset hash should be independent of order.
 
@@ -765,6 +760,20 @@ frozenset_hash(PyObject *self)
     if (hash == (Py_uhash_t)-1)
         hash = 590923713UL;
 
+    return (Py_hash_t)hash;
+}
+
+static Py_hash_t
+frozenset_hash(PyObject *self)
+{
+    PySetObject *so = _PySet_CAST(self);
+    Py_uhash_t hash;
+
+    if (so->hash != -1) {
+        return so->hash;
+    }
+
+    hash = frozenset_hash_impl(self);
     so->hash = hash;
     return hash;
 }
@@ -780,8 +789,9 @@ typedef struct {
 } setiterobject;
 
 static void
-setiter_dealloc(setiterobject *si)
+setiter_dealloc(PyObject *self)
 {
+    setiterobject *si = (setiterobject*)self;
     /* bpo-31095: UnTrack is needed before calling any callbacks */
     _PyObject_GC_UNTRACK(si);
     Py_XDECREF(si->si_set);
@@ -789,8 +799,9 @@ setiter_dealloc(setiterobject *si)
 }
 
 static int
-setiter_traverse(setiterobject *si, visitproc visit, void *arg)
+setiter_traverse(PyObject *self, visitproc visit, void *arg)
 {
+    setiterobject *si = (setiterobject*)self;
     Py_VISIT(si->si_set);
     return 0;
 }
@@ -806,8 +817,6 @@ setiter_len(setiterobject *si, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 
 PyDoc_STRVAR(length_hint_doc, "Private method returning an estimate of len(list(it)).");
 
-static PyObject *setiter_iternext(setiterobject *si);
-
 static PyObject *
 setiter_reduce(setiterobject *si, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
@@ -832,8 +841,9 @@ static PyMethodDef setiter_methods[] = {
     {NULL,              NULL}           /* sentinel */
 };
 
-static PyObject *setiter_iternext(setiterobject *si)
+static PyObject *setiter_iternext(PyObject *self)
 {
+    setiterobject *si = (setiterobject*)self;
     PyObject *key = NULL;
     Py_ssize_t i, mask;
     setentry *entry;
@@ -880,7 +890,7 @@ PyTypeObject PySetIter_Type = {
     sizeof(setiterobject),                      /* tp_basicsize */
     0,                                          /* tp_itemsize */
     /* methods */
-    (destructor)setiter_dealloc,                /* tp_dealloc */
+    setiter_dealloc,                            /* tp_dealloc */
     0,                                          /* tp_vectorcall_offset */
     0,                                          /* tp_getattr */
     0,                                          /* tp_setattr */
@@ -897,18 +907,18 @@ PyTypeObject PySetIter_Type = {
     0,                                          /* tp_as_buffer */
     Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC,    /* tp_flags */
     0,                                          /* tp_doc */
-    (traverseproc)setiter_traverse,             /* tp_traverse */
+    setiter_traverse,                           /* tp_traverse */
     0,                                          /* tp_clear */
     0,                                          /* tp_richcompare */
     0,                                          /* tp_weaklistoffset */
     PyObject_SelfIter,                          /* tp_iter */
-    (iternextfunc)setiter_iternext,             /* tp_iternext */
+    setiter_iternext,                           /* tp_iternext */
     setiter_methods,                            /* tp_methods */
     0,
 };
 
 static PyObject *
-set_iter(PySetObject *so)
+set_iter(PyObject *so)
 {
     Py_ssize_t size = set_len(so);
     setiterobject *si = PyObject_GC_New(setiterobject, &PySetIter_Type);
@@ -1045,14 +1055,13 @@ set_update_internal(PySetObject *so, PyObject *other)
 set.update
     so: setobject
     *others as args: object
-    /
 
 Update the set, adding elements from all others.
 [clinic start generated code]*/
 
 static PyObject *
 set_update_impl(PySetObject *so, PyObject *args)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=34f6371704974c8a input=eb47c4fbaeb3286e]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=34f6371704974c8a input=df4fe486e38cd337]*/
 {
     Py_ssize_t i;
 
@@ -1185,7 +1194,9 @@ set_swap_bodies(PySetObject *a, PySetObject *b)
     Py_hash_t h;
 
     t = a->fill;     a->fill   = b->fill;        b->fill  = t;
-    t = a->used;     a->used   = b->used;        b->used  = t;
+    t = a->used;
+    FT_ATOMIC_STORE_SSIZE_RELAXED(a->used, b->used);
+    FT_ATOMIC_STORE_SSIZE_RELAXED(b->used, t);
     t = a->mask;     a->mask   = b->mask;        b->mask  = t;
 
     u = a->table;
@@ -1265,7 +1276,7 @@ static PyObject *
 set_clear_impl(PySetObject *so)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=4e71d5a83904161a input=c6f831b366111950]*/
 {
-    set_clear_internal(so);
+    set_clear_internal((PyObject*)so);
     Py_RETURN_NONE;
 }
 
@@ -1273,14 +1284,13 @@ set_clear_impl(PySetObject *so)
 set.union
     so: setobject
     *others as args: object
-    /
 
 Return a new set with elements from the set and all others.
 [clinic start generated code]*/
 
 static PyObject *
 set_union_impl(PySetObject *so, PyObject *args)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=2c83d05a446a1477 input=2e2024fa1e40ac84]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=2c83d05a446a1477 input=ddf088706e9577b2]*/
 {
     PySetObject *result;
     PyObject *other;
@@ -1303,12 +1313,13 @@ set_union_impl(PySetObject *so, PyObject *args)
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-set_or(PySetObject *so, PyObject *other)
+set_or(PyObject *self, PyObject *other)
 {
     PySetObject *result;
 
-    if (!PyAnySet_Check(so) || !PyAnySet_Check(other))
+    if (!PyAnySet_Check(self) || !PyAnySet_Check(other))
         Py_RETURN_NOTIMPLEMENTED;
+    PySetObject *so = _PySet_CAST(self);
 
     result = (PySetObject *)set_copy(so, NULL);
     if (result == NULL) {
@@ -1325,10 +1336,11 @@ set_or(PySetObject *so, PyObject *other)
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-set_ior(PySetObject *so, PyObject *other)
+set_ior(PyObject *self, PyObject *other)
 {
     if (!PyAnySet_Check(other))
         Py_RETURN_NOTIMPLEMENTED;
+    PySetObject *so = _PySet_CAST(self);
 
     if (set_update_internal(so, other)) {
         return NULL;
@@ -1423,14 +1435,13 @@ set_intersection(PySetObject *so, PyObject *other)
 set.intersection as set_intersection_multi
     so: setobject
     *others as args: object
-    /
 
 Return a new set with elements common to the set and all others.
 [clinic start generated code]*/
 
 static PyObject *
 set_intersection_multi_impl(PySetObject *so, PyObject *args)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=2406ef3387adbe2f input=04108ea6d7f0532b]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=2406ef3387adbe2f input=0d9f3805ccbba6a4]*/
 {
     Py_ssize_t i;
 
@@ -1471,14 +1482,13 @@ set_intersection_update(PySetObject *so, PyObject *other)
 set.intersection_update as set_intersection_update_multi
     so: setobject
     *others as args: object
-    /
 
 Update the set, keeping only elements found in it and all others.
 [clinic start generated code]*/
 
 static PyObject *
 set_intersection_update_multi_impl(PySetObject *so, PyObject *args)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=251c1f729063609d input=ff8f119f97458d16]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=251c1f729063609d input=223c1e086aa669a9]*/
 {
     PyObject *tmp;
 
@@ -1493,10 +1503,11 @@ set_intersection_update_multi_impl(PySetObject *so, PyObject *args)
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-set_and(PySetObject *so, PyObject *other)
+set_and(PyObject *self, PyObject *other)
 {
-    if (!PyAnySet_Check(so) || !PyAnySet_Check(other))
+    if (!PyAnySet_Check(self) || !PyAnySet_Check(other))
         Py_RETURN_NOTIMPLEMENTED;
+    PySetObject *so = _PySet_CAST(self);
 
     PyObject *rv;
     Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION2(so, other);
@@ -1507,12 +1518,13 @@ set_and(PySetObject *so, PyObject *other)
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-set_iand(PySetObject *so, PyObject *other)
+set_iand(PyObject *self, PyObject *other)
 {
     PyObject *result;
 
     if (!PyAnySet_Check(other))
         Py_RETURN_NOTIMPLEMENTED;
+    PySetObject *so = _PySet_CAST(self);
 
     Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION2(so, other);
     result = set_intersection_update(so, other);
@@ -1601,7 +1613,7 @@ set_difference_update_internal(PySetObject *so, PyObject *other)
     _Py_CRITICAL_SECTION_ASSERT_OBJECT_LOCKED(other);
 
     if ((PyObject *)so == other)
-        return set_clear_internal(so);
+        return set_clear_internal((PyObject*)so);
 
     if (PyAnySet_Check(other)) {
         setentry *entry;
@@ -1659,14 +1671,13 @@ set_difference_update_internal(PySetObject *so, PyObject *other)
 set.difference_update
     so: setobject
     *others as args: object
-    /
 
 Update the set, removing elements found in others.
 [clinic start generated code]*/
 
 static PyObject *
 set_difference_update_impl(PySetObject *so, PyObject *args)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=28685b2fc63e41c4 input=e7abb43c9f2c5a73]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=28685b2fc63e41c4 input=024e6baa6fbcbb3d]*/
 {
     Py_ssize_t i;
 
@@ -1777,14 +1788,13 @@ set_difference(PySetObject *so, PyObject *other)
 set.difference as set_difference_multi
     so: setobject
     *others as args: object
-    /
 
 Return a new set with elements in the set that are not in the others.
 [clinic start generated code]*/
 
 static PyObject *
 set_difference_multi_impl(PySetObject *so, PyObject *args)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=3130c3bb3cac873d input=d8ae9bb6d518ab95]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=3130c3bb3cac873d input=ba78ea5f099e58df]*/
 {
     Py_ssize_t i;
     PyObject *result, *other;
@@ -1815,10 +1825,11 @@ set_difference_multi_impl(PySetObject *so, PyObject *args)
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-set_sub(PySetObject *so, PyObject *other)
+set_sub(PyObject *self, PyObject *other)
 {
-    if (!PyAnySet_Check(so) || !PyAnySet_Check(other))
+    if (!PyAnySet_Check(self) || !PyAnySet_Check(other))
         Py_RETURN_NOTIMPLEMENTED;
+    PySetObject *so = _PySet_CAST(self);
 
     PyObject *rv;
     Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION2(so, other);
@@ -1828,10 +1839,11 @@ set_sub(PySetObject *so, PyObject *other)
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-set_isub(PySetObject *so, PyObject *other)
+set_isub(PyObject *self, PyObject *other)
 {
     if (!PyAnySet_Check(other))
         Py_RETURN_NOTIMPLEMENTED;
+    PySetObject *so = _PySet_CAST(self);
 
     int rv;
     Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION2(so, other);
@@ -1973,20 +1985,23 @@ set_symmetric_difference_impl(PySetObject *so, PyObject *other)
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-set_xor(PySetObject *so, PyObject *other)
+set_xor(PyObject *self, PyObject *other)
 {
-    if (!PyAnySet_Check(so) || !PyAnySet_Check(other))
+    if (!PyAnySet_Check(self) || !PyAnySet_Check(other))
         Py_RETURN_NOTIMPLEMENTED;
+    PySetObject *so = _PySet_CAST(self);
     return set_symmetric_difference(so, other);
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-set_ixor(PySetObject *so, PyObject *other)
+set_ixor(PyObject *self, PyObject *other)
 {
     PyObject *result;
 
     if (!PyAnySet_Check(other))
         Py_RETURN_NOTIMPLEMENTED;
+    PySetObject *so = _PySet_CAST(self);
+
     result = set_symmetric_difference_update(so, other);
     if (result == NULL)
         return NULL;
@@ -2081,8 +2096,9 @@ set_issuperset_impl(PySetObject *so, PyObject *other)
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-set_richcompare(PySetObject *v, PyObject *w, int op)
+set_richcompare(PyObject *self, PyObject *w, int op)
 {
+    PySetObject *v = _PySet_CAST(self);
     PyObject *r1;
     int r2;
 
@@ -2099,7 +2115,7 @@ set_richcompare(PySetObject *v, PyObject *w, int op)
             Py_RETURN_FALSE;
         return set_issubset(v, w);
     case Py_NE:
-        r1 = set_richcompare(v, w, Py_EQ);
+        r1 = set_richcompare((PyObject*)v, w, Py_EQ);
         if (r1 == NULL)
             return NULL;
         r2 = PyObject_IsTrue(r1);
@@ -2147,7 +2163,6 @@ set_add_impl(PySetObject *so, PyObject *key)
 static int
 set_contains_lock_held(PySetObject *so, PyObject *key)
 {
-    PyObject *tmpkey;
     int rv;
 
     rv = set_contains_key(so, key);
@@ -2155,11 +2170,11 @@ set_contains_lock_held(PySetObject *so, PyObject *key)
         if (!PySet_Check(key) || !PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_TypeError))
             return -1;
         PyErr_Clear();
-        tmpkey = make_new_set(&PyFrozenSet_Type, key);
-        if (tmpkey == NULL)
-            return -1;
-        rv = set_contains_key(so, tmpkey);
-        Py_DECREF(tmpkey);
+        Py_hash_t hash;
+        Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(key);
+        hash = frozenset_hash_impl(key);
+        Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+        rv = set_contains_entry(so, key, hash);
     }
     return rv;
 }
@@ -2174,6 +2189,13 @@ _PySet_Contains(PySetObject *so, PyObject *key)
     return rv;
 }
 
+static int
+set_contains(PyObject *self, PyObject *key)
+{
+    PySetObject *so = _PySet_CAST(self);
+    return _PySet_Contains(so, key);
+}
+
 /*[clinic input]
 @critical_section
 @coexist
@@ -2213,7 +2235,6 @@ static PyObject *
 set_remove_impl(PySetObject *so, PyObject *key)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=0b9134a2a2200363 input=893e1cb1df98227a]*/
 {
-    PyObject *tmpkey;
     int rv;
 
     rv = set_discard_key(so, key);
@@ -2221,11 +2242,11 @@ set_remove_impl(PySetObject *so, PyObject *key)
         if (!PySet_Check(key) || !PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_TypeError))
             return NULL;
         PyErr_Clear();
-        tmpkey = make_new_set(&PyFrozenSet_Type, key);
-        if (tmpkey == NULL)
-            return NULL;
-        rv = set_discard_key(so, tmpkey);
-        Py_DECREF(tmpkey);
+        Py_hash_t hash;
+        Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(key);
+        hash = frozenset_hash_impl(key);
+        Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+        rv = set_discard_entry(so, key, hash);
         if (rv < 0)
             return NULL;
     }
@@ -2254,7 +2275,6 @@ static PyObject *
 set_discard_impl(PySetObject *so, PyObject *key)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=eec3b687bf32759e input=861cb7fb69b4def0]*/
 {
-    PyObject *tmpkey;
     int rv;
 
     rv = set_discard_key(so, key);
@@ -2262,11 +2282,11 @@ set_discard_impl(PySetObject *so, PyObject *key)
         if (!PySet_Check(key) || !PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_TypeError))
             return NULL;
         PyErr_Clear();
-        tmpkey = make_new_set(&PyFrozenSet_Type, key);
-        if (tmpkey == NULL)
-            return NULL;
-        rv = set_discard_key(so, tmpkey);
-        Py_DECREF(tmpkey);
+        Py_hash_t hash;
+        Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(key);
+        hash = frozenset_hash_impl(key);
+        Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+        rv = set_discard_entry(so, key, hash);
         if (rv < 0)
             return NULL;
     }
@@ -2324,8 +2344,9 @@ set___sizeof___impl(PySetObject *so)
 }
 
 static int
-set_init(PySetObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
+set_init(PyObject *so, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
 {
+    PySetObject *self = _PySet_CAST(so);
     PyObject *iterable = NULL;
 
     if (!_PyArg_NoKeywords("set", kwds))
@@ -2342,7 +2363,7 @@ set_init(PySetObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
     }
     Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
     if (self->fill)
-        set_clear_internal(self);
+        set_clear_internal((PyObject*)self);
     self->hash = -1;
     Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
 
@@ -2374,14 +2395,14 @@ set_vectorcall(PyObject *type, PyObject * const*args,
 }
 
 static PySequenceMethods set_as_sequence = {
-    (lenfunc)set_len,                   /* sq_length */
+    set_len,                            /* sq_length */
     0,                                  /* sq_concat */
     0,                                  /* sq_repeat */
     0,                                  /* sq_item */
     0,                                  /* sq_slice */
     0,                                  /* sq_ass_item */
     0,                                  /* sq_ass_slice */
-    (objobjproc)_PySet_Contains,        /* sq_contains */
+    set_contains,                       /* sq_contains */
 };
 
 /* set object ********************************************************/
@@ -2413,7 +2434,7 @@ static PyMethodDef set_methods[] = {
 
 static PyNumberMethods set_as_number = {
     0,                                  /*nb_add*/
-    (binaryfunc)set_sub,                /*nb_subtract*/
+    set_sub,                            /*nb_subtract*/
     0,                                  /*nb_multiply*/
     0,                                  /*nb_remainder*/
     0,                                  /*nb_divmod*/
@@ -2425,22 +2446,22 @@ static PyNumberMethods set_as_number = {
     0,                                  /*nb_invert*/
     0,                                  /*nb_lshift*/
     0,                                  /*nb_rshift*/
-    (binaryfunc)set_and,                /*nb_and*/
-    (binaryfunc)set_xor,                /*nb_xor*/
-    (binaryfunc)set_or,                 /*nb_or*/
+    set_and,                            /*nb_and*/
+    set_xor,                            /*nb_xor*/
+    set_or,                             /*nb_or*/
     0,                                  /*nb_int*/
     0,                                  /*nb_reserved*/
     0,                                  /*nb_float*/
     0,                                  /*nb_inplace_add*/
-    (binaryfunc)set_isub,               /*nb_inplace_subtract*/
+    set_isub,                           /*nb_inplace_subtract*/
     0,                                  /*nb_inplace_multiply*/
     0,                                  /*nb_inplace_remainder*/
     0,                                  /*nb_inplace_power*/
     0,                                  /*nb_inplace_lshift*/
     0,                                  /*nb_inplace_rshift*/
-    (binaryfunc)set_iand,               /*nb_inplace_and*/
-    (binaryfunc)set_ixor,               /*nb_inplace_xor*/
-    (binaryfunc)set_ior,                /*nb_inplace_or*/
+    set_iand,                           /*nb_inplace_and*/
+    set_ixor,                           /*nb_inplace_xor*/
+    set_ior,                            /*nb_inplace_or*/
 };
 
 PyDoc_STRVAR(set_doc,
@@ -2455,12 +2476,12 @@ PyTypeObject PySet_Type = {
     sizeof(PySetObject),                /* tp_basicsize */
     0,                                  /* tp_itemsize */
     /* methods */
-    (destructor)set_dealloc,            /* tp_dealloc */
+    set_dealloc,                        /* tp_dealloc */
     0,                                  /* tp_vectorcall_offset */
     0,                                  /* tp_getattr */
     0,                                  /* tp_setattr */
     0,                                  /* tp_as_async */
-    (reprfunc)set_repr,                 /* tp_repr */
+    set_repr,                           /* tp_repr */
     &set_as_number,                     /* tp_as_number */
     &set_as_sequence,                   /* tp_as_sequence */
     0,                                  /* tp_as_mapping */
@@ -2472,13 +2493,13 @@ PyTypeObject PySet_Type = {
     0,                                  /* tp_as_buffer */
     Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC |
         Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE |
-        _Py_TPFLAGS_MATCH_SELF,       /* tp_flags */
+        _Py_TPFLAGS_MATCH_SELF,         /* tp_flags */
     set_doc,                            /* tp_doc */
-    (traverseproc)set_traverse,         /* tp_traverse */
-    (inquiry)set_clear_internal,        /* tp_clear */
-    (richcmpfunc)set_richcompare,       /* tp_richcompare */
+    set_traverse,                       /* tp_traverse */
+    set_clear_internal,                 /* tp_clear */
+    set_richcompare,                    /* tp_richcompare */
     offsetof(PySetObject, weakreflist), /* tp_weaklistoffset */
-    (getiterfunc)set_iter,              /* tp_iter */
+    set_iter,                           /* tp_iter */
     0,                                  /* tp_iternext */
     set_methods,                        /* tp_methods */
     0,                                  /* tp_members */
@@ -2488,7 +2509,7 @@ PyTypeObject PySet_Type = {
     0,                                  /* tp_descr_get */
     0,                                  /* tp_descr_set */
     0,                                  /* tp_dictoffset */
-    (initproc)set_init,                 /* tp_init */
+    set_init,                           /* tp_init */
     PyType_GenericAlloc,                /* tp_alloc */
     set_new,                            /* tp_new */
     PyObject_GC_Del,                    /* tp_free */
@@ -2516,7 +2537,7 @@ static PyMethodDef frozenset_methods[] = {
 
 static PyNumberMethods frozenset_as_number = {
     0,                                  /*nb_add*/
-    (binaryfunc)set_sub,                /*nb_subtract*/
+    set_sub,                            /*nb_subtract*/
     0,                                  /*nb_multiply*/
     0,                                  /*nb_remainder*/
     0,                                  /*nb_divmod*/
@@ -2528,9 +2549,9 @@ static PyNumberMethods frozenset_as_number = {
     0,                                  /*nb_invert*/
     0,                                  /*nb_lshift*/
     0,                                  /*nb_rshift*/
-    (binaryfunc)set_and,                /*nb_and*/
-    (binaryfunc)set_xor,                /*nb_xor*/
-    (binaryfunc)set_or,                 /*nb_or*/
+    set_and,                            /*nb_and*/
+    set_xor,                            /*nb_xor*/
+    set_or,                             /*nb_or*/
 };
 
 PyDoc_STRVAR(frozenset_doc,
@@ -2545,12 +2566,12 @@ PyTypeObject PyFrozenSet_Type = {
     sizeof(PySetObject),                /* tp_basicsize */
     0,                                  /* tp_itemsize */
     /* methods */
-    (destructor)set_dealloc,            /* tp_dealloc */
+    set_dealloc,                        /* tp_dealloc */
     0,                                  /* tp_vectorcall_offset */
     0,                                  /* tp_getattr */
     0,                                  /* tp_setattr */
     0,                                  /* tp_as_async */
-    (reprfunc)set_repr,                 /* tp_repr */
+    set_repr,                           /* tp_repr */
     &frozenset_as_number,               /* tp_as_number */
     &set_as_sequence,                   /* tp_as_sequence */
     0,                                  /* tp_as_mapping */
@@ -2562,13 +2583,13 @@ PyTypeObject PyFrozenSet_Type = {
     0,                                  /* tp_as_buffer */
     Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC |
         Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE |
-        _Py_TPFLAGS_MATCH_SELF,       /* tp_flags */
+        _Py_TPFLAGS_MATCH_SELF,         /* tp_flags */
     frozenset_doc,                      /* tp_doc */
-    (traverseproc)set_traverse,         /* tp_traverse */
-    (inquiry)set_clear_internal,        /* tp_clear */
-    (richcmpfunc)set_richcompare,       /* tp_richcompare */
+    set_traverse,                       /* tp_traverse */
+    set_clear_internal,                 /* tp_clear */
+    set_richcompare,                    /* tp_richcompare */
     offsetof(PySetObject, weakreflist), /* tp_weaklistoffset */
-    (getiterfunc)set_iter,              /* tp_iter */
+    set_iter,                           /* tp_iter */
     0,                                  /* tp_iternext */
     frozenset_methods,                  /* tp_methods */
     0,                                  /* tp_members */
@@ -2607,7 +2628,7 @@ PySet_Size(PyObject *anyset)
         PyErr_BadInternalCall();
         return -1;
     }
-    return set_len((PySetObject *)anyset);
+    return set_len(anyset);
 }
 
 int
@@ -2624,7 +2645,7 @@ PySet_Clear(PyObject *set)
 void
 _PySet_ClearInternal(PySetObject *so)
 {
-    (void)set_clear_internal(so);
+    (void)set_clear_internal((PyObject*)so);
 }
 
 int
diff --git a/Objects/sliceobject.c b/Objects/sliceobject.c
index 38818204f15d09..661ecfab9b6237 100644
--- a/Objects/sliceobject.c
+++ b/Objects/sliceobject.c
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ this type and there is exactly one in existence.
 
 #include "Python.h"
 #include "pycore_abstract.h"      // _PyIndex_Check()
+#include "pycore_freelist.h"      // _Py_FREELIST_FREE(), _Py_FREELIST_POP()
 #include "pycore_long.h"          // _PyLong_GetZero()
 #include "pycore_modsupport.h"    // _PyArg_NoKeywords()
 #include "pycore_object.h"        // _PyObject_GC_TRACK()
@@ -108,20 +109,6 @@ PyObject _Py_EllipsisObject = _PyObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyEllipsis_Type);
 
 /* Slice object implementation */
 
-void _PySlice_ClearFreeList(struct _Py_object_freelists *freelists, int is_finalization)
-{
-    if (!is_finalization) {
-        return;
-    }
-#ifdef WITH_FREELISTS
-    PySliceObject *obj = freelists->slices.slice_cache;
-    if (obj != NULL) {
-        freelists->slices.slice_cache = NULL;
-        PyObject_GC_Del(obj);
-    }
-#endif
-}
-
 /* start, stop, and step are python objects with None indicating no
    index is present.
 */
@@ -130,17 +117,8 @@ static PySliceObject *
 _PyBuildSlice_Consume2(PyObject *start, PyObject *stop, PyObject *step)
 {
     assert(start != NULL && stop != NULL && step != NULL);
-    PySliceObject *obj;
-#ifdef WITH_FREELISTS
-    struct _Py_object_freelists *freelists = _Py_object_freelists_GET();
-    if (freelists->slices.slice_cache != NULL) {
-        obj = freelists->slices.slice_cache;
-        freelists->slices.slice_cache = NULL;
-        _Py_NewReference((PyObject *)obj);
-    }
-    else
-#endif
-    {
+    PySliceObject *obj = _Py_FREELIST_POP(PySliceObject, slices);
+    if (obj == NULL) {
         obj = PyObject_GC_New(PySliceObject, &PySlice_Type);
         if (obj == NULL) {
             goto error;
@@ -366,20 +344,11 @@ Create a slice object.  This is used for extended slicing (e.g. a[0:10:2]).");
 static void
 slice_dealloc(PySliceObject *r)
 {
-    _PyObject_GC_UNTRACK(r);
+    PyObject_GC_UnTrack(r);
     Py_DECREF(r->step);
     Py_DECREF(r->start);
     Py_DECREF(r->stop);
-#ifdef WITH_FREELISTS
-    struct _Py_object_freelists *freelists = _Py_object_freelists_GET();
-    if (freelists->slices.slice_cache == NULL) {
-        freelists->slices.slice_cache = r;
-    }
-    else
-#endif
-    {
-        PyObject_GC_Del(r);
-    }
+    _Py_FREELIST_FREE(slices, r, PyObject_GC_Del);
 }
 
 static PyObject *
diff --git a/Objects/stringlib/codecs.h b/Objects/stringlib/codecs.h
index f98e71c3fc6ecf..440410d0aef17d 100644
--- a/Objects/stringlib/codecs.h
+++ b/Objects/stringlib/codecs.h
@@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ STRINGLIB(utf8_encoder)(_PyBytesWriter *writer,
             case _Py_ERROR_REPLACE:
                 memset(p, '?', endpos - startpos);
                 p += (endpos - startpos);
-                /* fall through */
+                _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
             case _Py_ERROR_IGNORE:
                 i += (endpos - startpos - 1);
                 break;
@@ -379,7 +379,7 @@ STRINGLIB(utf8_encoder)(_PyBytesWriter *writer,
                 }
                 startpos = k;
                 assert(startpos < endpos);
-                /* fall through */
+                _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
             default:
                 rep = unicode_encode_call_errorhandler(
                       errors, &error_handler_obj, "utf-8", "surrogates not allowed",
diff --git a/Objects/stringlib/eq.h b/Objects/stringlib/eq.h
index 2eac4baf5ca9ce..821b692f26b830 100644
--- a/Objects/stringlib/eq.h
+++ b/Objects/stringlib/eq.h
@@ -4,14 +4,19 @@
  * unicode_eq() is called when the hash of two unicode objects is equal.
  */
 Py_LOCAL_INLINE(int)
-unicode_eq(PyObject *a, PyObject *b)
+unicode_eq(PyObject *str1, PyObject *str2)
 {
-    if (PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(a) != PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(b))
+    Py_ssize_t len = PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(str1);
+    if (PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(str2) != len) {
         return 0;
-    if (PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(a) == 0)
-        return 1;
-    if (PyUnicode_KIND(a) != PyUnicode_KIND(b))
+    }
+
+    int kind = PyUnicode_KIND(str1);
+    if (PyUnicode_KIND(str2) != kind) {
         return 0;
-    return memcmp(PyUnicode_1BYTE_DATA(a), PyUnicode_1BYTE_DATA(b),
-                  PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(a) * PyUnicode_KIND(a)) == 0;
+    }
+
+    const void *data1 = PyUnicode_DATA(str1);
+    const void *data2 = PyUnicode_DATA(str2);
+    return (memcmp(data1, data2, len * kind) == 0);
 }
diff --git a/Objects/stringlib/fastsearch.h b/Objects/stringlib/fastsearch.h
index 309ed1554f4699..05e700b06258f0 100644
--- a/Objects/stringlib/fastsearch.h
+++ b/Objects/stringlib/fastsearch.h
@@ -753,6 +753,22 @@ STRINGLIB(count_char)(const STRINGLIB_CHAR *s, Py_ssize_t n,
 }
 
 
+static inline Py_ssize_t
+STRINGLIB(count_char_no_maxcount)(const STRINGLIB_CHAR *s, Py_ssize_t n,
+                                  const STRINGLIB_CHAR p0)
+/* A specialized function of count_char that does not cut off at a maximum.
+   As a result, the compiler is able to vectorize the loop. */
+{
+    Py_ssize_t count = 0;
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        if (s[i] == p0) {
+            count++;
+        }
+    }
+    return count;
+}
+
+
 Py_LOCAL_INLINE(Py_ssize_t)
 FASTSEARCH(const STRINGLIB_CHAR* s, Py_ssize_t n,
            const STRINGLIB_CHAR* p, Py_ssize_t m,
@@ -773,6 +789,9 @@ FASTSEARCH(const STRINGLIB_CHAR* s, Py_ssize_t n,
         else if (mode == FAST_RSEARCH)
             return STRINGLIB(rfind_char)(s, n, p[0]);
         else {
+            if (maxcount == PY_SSIZE_T_MAX) {
+                return STRINGLIB(count_char_no_maxcount)(s, n, p[0]);
+            }
             return STRINGLIB(count_char)(s, n, p[0], maxcount);
         }
     }
diff --git a/Objects/stringlib/find_max_char.h b/Objects/stringlib/find_max_char.h
index b9ffdfc2e352ce..7ab3fc88b331b1 100644
--- a/Objects/stringlib/find_max_char.h
+++ b/Objects/stringlib/find_max_char.h
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 /* Finding the optimal width of unicode characters in a buffer */
 
-#if !STRINGLIB_IS_UNICODE
+/* find_max_char for one-byte will work for bytes objects as well. */
+#if !STRINGLIB_IS_UNICODE && STRINGLIB_SIZEOF_CHAR > 1
 # error "find_max_char.h is specific to Unicode"
 #endif
 
@@ -20,19 +21,20 @@ Py_LOCAL_INLINE(Py_UCS4)
 STRINGLIB(find_max_char)(const STRINGLIB_CHAR *begin, const STRINGLIB_CHAR *end)
 {
     const unsigned char *p = (const unsigned char *) begin;
+    const unsigned char *_end = (const unsigned char *)end;
 
-    while (p < end) {
+    while (p < _end) {
         if (_Py_IS_ALIGNED(p, ALIGNOF_SIZE_T)) {
             /* Help register allocation */
             const unsigned char *_p = p;
-            while (_p + SIZEOF_SIZE_T <= end) {
+            while (_p + SIZEOF_SIZE_T <= _end) {
                 size_t value = *(const size_t *) _p;
                 if (value & UCS1_ASCII_CHAR_MASK)
                     return 255;
                 _p += SIZEOF_SIZE_T;
             }
             p = _p;
-            if (p == end)
+            if (p == _end)
                 break;
         }
         if (*p++ & 0x80)
diff --git a/Objects/stringlib/unicode_format.h b/Objects/stringlib/unicode_format.h
index 91c71ab5736c25..44b269ba8ceb55 100644
--- a/Objects/stringlib/unicode_format.h
+++ b/Objects/stringlib/unicode_format.h
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ Py_LOCAL_INLINE(PyObject *)
 SubString_new_object_or_empty(SubString *str)
 {
     if (str->str == NULL) {
-        return PyUnicode_New(0, 0);
+        return Py_GetConstant(Py_CONSTANT_EMPTY_STR);
     }
     return SubString_new_object(str);
 }
@@ -531,7 +531,7 @@ render_field(PyObject *fieldobj, SubString *format_spec, _PyUnicodeWriter *write
                                                      format_spec->start,
                                                      format_spec->end);
         else
-            format_spec_object = PyUnicode_New(0, 0);
+            format_spec_object = Py_GetConstant(Py_CONSTANT_EMPTY_STR);
         if (format_spec_object == NULL)
             goto done;
 
diff --git a/Objects/structseq.c b/Objects/structseq.c
index d8289f2638db0f..56a7851b98788d 100644
--- a/Objects/structseq.c
+++ b/Objects/structseq.c
@@ -41,12 +41,20 @@ get_type_attr_as_size(PyTypeObject *tp, PyObject *name)
     get_type_attr_as_size(tp, &_Py_ID(n_sequence_fields))
 #define REAL_SIZE_TP(tp) \
     get_type_attr_as_size(tp, &_Py_ID(n_fields))
-#define REAL_SIZE(op) REAL_SIZE_TP(Py_TYPE(op))
+#define REAL_SIZE(op) get_real_size((PyObject *)op)
 
 #define UNNAMED_FIELDS_TP(tp) \
     get_type_attr_as_size(tp, &_Py_ID(n_unnamed_fields))
 #define UNNAMED_FIELDS(op) UNNAMED_FIELDS_TP(Py_TYPE(op))
 
+static Py_ssize_t
+get_real_size(PyObject *op)
+{
+    // Compute the real size from the visible size (i.e., Py_SIZE()) and the
+    // number of non-sequence fields accounted for in tp_basicsize.
+    Py_ssize_t hidden = Py_TYPE(op)->tp_basicsize - offsetof(PyStructSequence, ob_item);
+    return Py_SIZE(op) + hidden / sizeof(PyObject *);
+}
 
 PyObject *
 PyStructSequence_New(PyTypeObject *type)
@@ -120,6 +128,9 @@ structseq_dealloc(PyStructSequence *obj)
     PyObject_GC_UnTrack(obj);
 
     PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(obj);
+    // gh-122527: We can't use REAL_SIZE_TP() or any macros that access the
+    // type's dictionary here, because the dictionary may have already been
+    // cleared by the garbage collector.
     size = REAL_SIZE(obj);
     for (i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
         Py_XDECREF(obj->ob_item[i]);
@@ -255,83 +266,66 @@ static PyObject *
 structseq_repr(PyStructSequence *obj)
 {
     PyTypeObject *typ = Py_TYPE(obj);
-    _PyUnicodeWriter writer;
 
-    /* Write "typename(" */
-    PyObject *type_name = PyUnicode_DecodeUTF8(typ->tp_name,
-                                               strlen(typ->tp_name),
-                                               NULL);
-    if (type_name == NULL) {
+    // count 5 characters per item: "x=1, "
+    Py_ssize_t type_name_len = strlen(typ->tp_name);
+    Py_ssize_t prealloc = (type_name_len + 1
+                           + VISIBLE_SIZE(obj) * 5 + 1);
+    PyUnicodeWriter *writer = PyUnicodeWriter_Create(prealloc);
+    if (writer == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    _PyUnicodeWriter_Init(&writer);
-    writer.overallocate = 1;
-    /* count 5 characters per item: "x=1, " */
-    writer.min_length = (PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(type_name) + 1
-                         + VISIBLE_SIZE(obj) * 5 + 1);
-
-    if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteStr(&writer, type_name) < 0) {
-        Py_DECREF(type_name);
+    // Write "typename("
+    if (PyUnicodeWriter_WriteUTF8(writer, typ->tp_name, type_name_len) < 0) {
         goto error;
     }
-    Py_DECREF(type_name);
-
-    if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar(&writer, '(') < 0) {
+    if (PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar(writer, '(') < 0) {
         goto error;
     }
 
     for (Py_ssize_t i=0; i < VISIBLE_SIZE(obj); i++) {
         if (i > 0) {
-            /* Write ", " */
-            if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteASCIIString(&writer, ", ", 2) < 0) {
+            // Write ", "
+            if (PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar(writer, ',') < 0) {
+                goto error;
+            }
+            if (PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar(writer, ' ') < 0) {
                 goto error;
             }
         }
 
-        /* Write "name=repr" */
+        // Write name
         const char *name_utf8 = typ->tp_members[i].name;
         if (name_utf8 == NULL) {
-            PyErr_Format(PyExc_SystemError, "In structseq_repr(), member %zd name is NULL"
+            PyErr_Format(PyExc_SystemError,
+                         "In structseq_repr(), member %zd name is NULL"
                          " for type %.500s", i, typ->tp_name);
             goto error;
         }
-
-        PyObject *name = PyUnicode_DecodeUTF8(name_utf8, strlen(name_utf8), NULL);
-        if (name == NULL) {
-            goto error;
-        }
-        if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteStr(&writer, name) < 0) {
-            Py_DECREF(name);
+        if (PyUnicodeWriter_WriteUTF8(writer, name_utf8, -1) < 0) {
             goto error;
         }
-        Py_DECREF(name);
 
-        if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar(&writer, '=') < 0) {
+        // Write "=" + repr(value)
+        if (PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar(writer, '=') < 0) {
             goto error;
         }
-
         PyObject *value = PyStructSequence_GetItem((PyObject*)obj, i);
         assert(value != NULL);
-        PyObject *repr = PyObject_Repr(value);
-        if (repr == NULL) {
-            goto error;
-        }
-        if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteStr(&writer, repr) < 0) {
-            Py_DECREF(repr);
+        if (PyUnicodeWriter_WriteRepr(writer, value) < 0) {
             goto error;
         }
-        Py_DECREF(repr);
     }
 
-    if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar(&writer, ')') < 0) {
+    if (PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar(writer, ')') < 0) {
         goto error;
     }
 
-    return _PyUnicodeWriter_Finish(&writer);
+    return PyUnicodeWriter_Finish(writer);
 
 error:
-    _PyUnicodeWriter_Dealloc(&writer);
+    PyUnicodeWriter_Discard(writer);
     return NULL;
 }
 
@@ -565,10 +559,14 @@ initialize_members(PyStructSequence_Desc *desc,
 
 static void
 initialize_static_fields(PyTypeObject *type, PyStructSequence_Desc *desc,
-                         PyMemberDef *tp_members, unsigned long tp_flags)
+                         PyMemberDef *tp_members, Py_ssize_t n_members,
+                         unsigned long tp_flags)
 {
     type->tp_name = desc->name;
-    type->tp_basicsize = sizeof(PyStructSequence) - sizeof(PyObject *);
+    // Account for hidden members in tp_basicsize because they are not
+    // included in the variable size.
+    Py_ssize_t n_hidden = n_members - desc->n_in_sequence;
+    type->tp_basicsize = sizeof(PyStructSequence) + (n_hidden - 1) * sizeof(PyObject *);
     type->tp_itemsize = sizeof(PyObject *);
     type->tp_dealloc = (destructor)structseq_dealloc;
     type->tp_repr = (reprfunc)structseq_repr;
@@ -621,7 +619,7 @@ _PyStructSequence_InitBuiltinWithFlags(PyInterpreterState *interp,
         if (members == NULL) {
             goto error;
         }
-        initialize_static_fields(type, desc, members, tp_flags);
+        initialize_static_fields(type, desc, members, n_members, tp_flags);
 
         _Py_SetImmortal((PyObject *)type);
     }
@@ -684,7 +682,7 @@ PyStructSequence_InitType2(PyTypeObject *type, PyStructSequence_Desc *desc)
     if (members == NULL) {
         return -1;
     }
-    initialize_static_fields(type, desc, members, 0);
+    initialize_static_fields(type, desc, members, n_members, 0);
     if (initialize_static_type(type, desc, n_members, n_unnamed_members) < 0) {
         PyMem_Free(members);
         return -1;
@@ -760,7 +758,8 @@ _PyStructSequence_NewType(PyStructSequence_Desc *desc, unsigned long tp_flags)
     /* The name in this PyType_Spec is statically allocated so it is */
     /* expected that it'll outlive the PyType_Spec */
     spec.name = desc->name;
-    spec.basicsize = sizeof(PyStructSequence) - sizeof(PyObject *);
+    Py_ssize_t hidden = n_members - desc->n_in_sequence;
+    spec.basicsize = (int)(sizeof(PyStructSequence) + (hidden - 1) * sizeof(PyObject *));
     spec.itemsize = sizeof(PyObject *);
     spec.flags = Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC | tp_flags;
     spec.slots = slots;
diff --git a/Objects/tupleobject.c b/Objects/tupleobject.c
index 5ae1ee9a89af84..f3132e0933ac30 100644
--- a/Objects/tupleobject.c
+++ b/Objects/tupleobject.c
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include "Python.h"
 #include "pycore_abstract.h"      // _PyIndex_Check()
 #include "pycore_ceval.h"         // _PyEval_GetBuiltin()
+#include "pycore_freelist.h"      // _Py_FREELIST_PUSH(), _Py_FREELIST_POP()
 #include "pycore_gc.h"            // _PyObject_GC_IS_TRACKED()
 #include "pycore_initconfig.h"    // _PyStatus_OK()
 #include "pycore_modsupport.h"    // _PyArg_NoKwnames()
@@ -17,7 +18,6 @@ class tuple "PyTupleObject *" "&PyTuple_Type"
 #include "clinic/tupleobject.c.h"
 
 
-static inline PyTupleObject * maybe_freelist_pop(Py_ssize_t);
 static inline int maybe_freelist_push(PyTupleObject *);
 
 
@@ -38,22 +38,20 @@ tuple_alloc(Py_ssize_t size)
         PyErr_BadInternalCall();
         return NULL;
     }
-#ifdef Py_DEBUG
     assert(size != 0);    // The empty tuple is statically allocated.
-#endif
-
-    PyTupleObject *op = maybe_freelist_pop(size);
-    if (op == NULL) {
-        /* Check for overflow */
-        if ((size_t)size > ((size_t)PY_SSIZE_T_MAX - (sizeof(PyTupleObject) -
-                    sizeof(PyObject *))) / sizeof(PyObject *)) {
-            return (PyTupleObject *)PyErr_NoMemory();
+    Py_ssize_t index = size - 1;
+    if (index < PyTuple_MAXSAVESIZE) {
+        PyTupleObject *op = _Py_FREELIST_POP(PyTupleObject, tuples[index]);
+        if (op != NULL) {
+            return op;
         }
-        op = PyObject_GC_NewVar(PyTupleObject, &PyTuple_Type, size);
-        if (op == NULL)
-            return NULL;
     }
-    return op;
+    /* Check for overflow */
+    if ((size_t)size > ((size_t)PY_SSIZE_T_MAX - (sizeof(PyTupleObject) -
+                sizeof(PyObject *))) / sizeof(PyObject *)) {
+        return (PyTupleObject *)PyErr_NoMemory();
+    }
+    return PyObject_GC_NewVar(PyTupleObject, &PyTuple_Type, size);
 }
 
 // The empty tuple singleton is not tracked by the GC.
@@ -183,8 +181,9 @@ PyTuple_Pack(Py_ssize_t n, ...)
 /* Methods */
 
 static void
-tupledealloc(PyTupleObject *op)
+tuple_dealloc(PyObject *self)
 {
+    PyTupleObject *op = _PyTuple_CAST(self);
     if (Py_SIZE(op) == 0) {
         /* The empty tuple is statically allocated. */
         if (op == &_Py_SINGLETON(tuple_empty)) {
@@ -201,7 +200,7 @@ tupledealloc(PyTupleObject *op)
     }
 
     PyObject_GC_UnTrack(op);
-    Py_TRASHCAN_BEGIN(op, tupledealloc)
+    Py_TRASHCAN_BEGIN(op, tuple_dealloc)
 
     Py_ssize_t i = Py_SIZE(op);
     while (--i >= 0) {
@@ -216,73 +215,71 @@ tupledealloc(PyTupleObject *op)
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-tuplerepr(PyTupleObject *v)
+tuple_repr(PyObject *self)
 {
-    Py_ssize_t i, n;
-    _PyUnicodeWriter writer;
-
-    n = Py_SIZE(v);
-    if (n == 0)
+    PyTupleObject *v = _PyTuple_CAST(self);
+    Py_ssize_t n = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(v);
+    if (n == 0) {
         return PyUnicode_FromString("()");
+    }
 
     /* While not mutable, it is still possible to end up with a cycle in a
        tuple through an object that stores itself within a tuple (and thus
        infinitely asks for the repr of itself). This should only be
        possible within a type. */
-    i = Py_ReprEnter((PyObject *)v);
-    if (i != 0) {
-        return i > 0 ? PyUnicode_FromString("(...)") : NULL;
+    int res = Py_ReprEnter((PyObject *)v);
+    if (res != 0) {
+        return res > 0 ? PyUnicode_FromString("(...)") : NULL;
     }
 
-    _PyUnicodeWriter_Init(&writer);
-    writer.overallocate = 1;
-    if (Py_SIZE(v) > 1) {
-        /* "(" + "1" + ", 2" * (len - 1) + ")" */
-        writer.min_length = 1 + 1 + (2 + 1) * (Py_SIZE(v) - 1) + 1;
+    Py_ssize_t prealloc;
+    if (n > 1) {
+        // "(" + "1" + ", 2" * (len - 1) + ")"
+        prealloc = 1 + 1 + (2 + 1) * (n - 1) + 1;
     }
     else {
-        /* "(1,)" */
-        writer.min_length = 4;
+        // "(1,)"
+        prealloc = 4;
+    }
+    PyUnicodeWriter *writer = PyUnicodeWriter_Create(prealloc);
+    if (writer == NULL) {
+        goto error;
     }
 
-    if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar(&writer, '(') < 0)
+    if (PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar(writer, '(') < 0) {
         goto error;
+    }
 
     /* Do repr() on each element. */
-    for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-        PyObject *s;
-
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
         if (i > 0) {
-            if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteASCIIString(&writer, ", ", 2) < 0)
+            if (PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar(writer, ',') < 0) {
                 goto error;
+            }
+            if (PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar(writer, ' ') < 0) {
+                goto error;
+            }
         }
 
-        s = PyObject_Repr(v->ob_item[i]);
-        if (s == NULL)
-            goto error;
-
-        if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteStr(&writer, s) < 0) {
-            Py_DECREF(s);
+        if (PyUnicodeWriter_WriteRepr(writer, v->ob_item[i]) < 0) {
             goto error;
         }
-        Py_DECREF(s);
     }
 
-    writer.overallocate = 0;
-    if (n > 1) {
-        if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar(&writer, ')') < 0)
+    if (n == 1) {
+        if (PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar(writer, ',') < 0) {
             goto error;
+        }
     }
-    else {
-        if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteASCIIString(&writer, ",)", 2) < 0)
-            goto error;
+    if (PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar(writer, ')') < 0) {
+        goto error;
     }
 
     Py_ReprLeave((PyObject *)v);
-    return _PyUnicodeWriter_Finish(&writer);
+    return PyUnicodeWriter_Finish(writer);
 
 error:
-    _PyUnicodeWriter_Dealloc(&writer);
+    PyUnicodeWriter_Discard(writer);
     Py_ReprLeave((PyObject *)v);
     return NULL;
 }
@@ -318,13 +315,14 @@ tuplerepr(PyTupleObject *v)
 /* Tests have shown that it's not worth to cache the hash value, see
    https://bugs.python.org/issue9685 */
 static Py_hash_t
-tuplehash(PyTupleObject *v)
+tuple_hash(PyObject *op)
 {
-    Py_ssize_t i, len = Py_SIZE(v);
+    PyTupleObject *v = _PyTuple_CAST(op);
+    Py_ssize_t len = Py_SIZE(v);
     PyObject **item = v->ob_item;
 
     Py_uhash_t acc = _PyHASH_XXPRIME_5;
-    for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
         Py_uhash_t lane = PyObject_Hash(item[i]);
         if (lane == (Py_uhash_t)-1) {
             return -1;
@@ -344,25 +342,27 @@ tuplehash(PyTupleObject *v)
 }
 
 static Py_ssize_t
-tuplelength(PyTupleObject *a)
+tuple_length(PyObject *self)
 {
+    PyTupleObject *a = _PyTuple_CAST(self);
     return Py_SIZE(a);
 }
 
 static int
-tuplecontains(PyTupleObject *a, PyObject *el)
+tuple_contains(PyObject *self, PyObject *el)
 {
-    Py_ssize_t i;
-    int cmp;
-
-    for (i = 0, cmp = 0 ; cmp == 0 && i < Py_SIZE(a); ++i)
+    PyTupleObject *a = _PyTuple_CAST(self);
+    int cmp = 0;
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; cmp == 0 && i < Py_SIZE(a); ++i) {
         cmp = PyObject_RichCompareBool(PyTuple_GET_ITEM(a, i), el, Py_EQ);
+    }
     return cmp;
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-tupleitem(PyTupleObject *a, Py_ssize_t i)
+tuple_item(PyObject *op, Py_ssize_t i)
 {
+    PyTupleObject *a = _PyTuple_CAST(op);
     if (i < 0 || i >= Py_SIZE(a)) {
         PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IndexError, "tuple index out of range");
         return NULL;
@@ -390,6 +390,27 @@ _PyTuple_FromArray(PyObject *const *src, Py_ssize_t n)
     return (PyObject *)tuple;
 }
 
+PyObject *
+_PyTuple_FromStackRefSteal(const _PyStackRef *src, Py_ssize_t n)
+{
+    if (n == 0) {
+        return tuple_get_empty();
+    }
+    PyTupleObject *tuple = tuple_alloc(n);
+    if (tuple == NULL) {
+        for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(src[i]);
+        }
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    PyObject **dst = tuple->ob_item;
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        dst[i] = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(src[i]);
+    }
+    _PyObject_GC_TRACK(tuple);
+    return (PyObject *)tuple;
+}
+
 PyObject *
 _PyTuple_FromArraySteal(PyObject *const *src, Py_ssize_t n)
 {
@@ -413,7 +434,7 @@ _PyTuple_FromArraySteal(PyObject *const *src, Py_ssize_t n)
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-tupleslice(PyTupleObject *a, Py_ssize_t ilow,
+tuple_slice(PyTupleObject *a, Py_ssize_t ilow,
            Py_ssize_t ihigh)
 {
     if (ilow < 0)
@@ -435,16 +456,13 @@ PyTuple_GetSlice(PyObject *op, Py_ssize_t i, Py_ssize_t j)
         PyErr_BadInternalCall();
         return NULL;
     }
-    return tupleslice((PyTupleObject *)op, i, j);
+    return tuple_slice((PyTupleObject *)op, i, j);
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-tupleconcat(PyTupleObject *a, PyObject *bb)
+tuple_concat(PyObject *aa, PyObject *bb)
 {
-    Py_ssize_t size;
-    Py_ssize_t i;
-    PyObject **src, **dest;
-    PyTupleObject *np;
+    PyTupleObject *a = _PyTuple_CAST(aa);
     if (Py_SIZE(a) == 0 && PyTuple_CheckExact(bb)) {
         return Py_NewRef(bb);
     }
@@ -460,34 +478,38 @@ tupleconcat(PyTupleObject *a, PyObject *bb)
         return Py_NewRef(a);
     }
     assert((size_t)Py_SIZE(a) + (size_t)Py_SIZE(b) < PY_SSIZE_T_MAX);
-    size = Py_SIZE(a) + Py_SIZE(b);
+    Py_ssize_t size = Py_SIZE(a) + Py_SIZE(b);
     if (size == 0) {
         return tuple_get_empty();
     }
 
-    np = tuple_alloc(size);
+    PyTupleObject *np = tuple_alloc(size);
     if (np == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
-    src = a->ob_item;
-    dest = np->ob_item;
-    for (i = 0; i < Py_SIZE(a); i++) {
+
+    PyObject **src = a->ob_item;
+    PyObject **dest = np->ob_item;
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < Py_SIZE(a); i++) {
         PyObject *v = src[i];
         dest[i] = Py_NewRef(v);
     }
+
     src = b->ob_item;
     dest = np->ob_item + Py_SIZE(a);
-    for (i = 0; i < Py_SIZE(b); i++) {
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < Py_SIZE(b); i++) {
         PyObject *v = src[i];
         dest[i] = Py_NewRef(v);
     }
+
     _PyObject_GC_TRACK(np);
     return (PyObject *)np;
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-tuplerepeat(PyTupleObject *a, Py_ssize_t n)
+tuple_repeat(PyObject *self, Py_ssize_t n)
 {
+    PyTupleObject *a = _PyTuple_CAST(self);
     const Py_ssize_t input_size = Py_SIZE(a);
     if (input_size == 0 || n == 1) {
         if (PyTuple_CheckExact(a)) {
@@ -602,17 +624,17 @@ tuple_count(PyTupleObject *self, PyObject *value)
 }
 
 static int
-tupletraverse(PyTupleObject *o, visitproc visit, void *arg)
+tuple_traverse(PyObject *self, visitproc visit, void *arg)
 {
-    Py_ssize_t i;
-
-    for (i = Py_SIZE(o); --i >= 0; )
+    PyTupleObject *o = _PyTuple_CAST(self);
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = Py_SIZE(o); --i >= 0; ) {
         Py_VISIT(o->ob_item[i]);
+    }
     return 0;
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-tuplerichcompare(PyObject *v, PyObject *w, int op)
+tuple_richcompare(PyObject *v, PyObject *w, int op)
 {
     PyTupleObject *vt, *wt;
     Py_ssize_t i;
@@ -751,26 +773,27 @@ tuple_subtype_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *iterable)
 }
 
 static PySequenceMethods tuple_as_sequence = {
-    (lenfunc)tuplelength,                       /* sq_length */
-    (binaryfunc)tupleconcat,                    /* sq_concat */
-    (ssizeargfunc)tuplerepeat,                  /* sq_repeat */
-    (ssizeargfunc)tupleitem,                    /* sq_item */
+    tuple_length,                               /* sq_length */
+    tuple_concat,                               /* sq_concat */
+    tuple_repeat,                               /* sq_repeat */
+    tuple_item,                                 /* sq_item */
     0,                                          /* sq_slice */
     0,                                          /* sq_ass_item */
     0,                                          /* sq_ass_slice */
-    (objobjproc)tuplecontains,                  /* sq_contains */
+    tuple_contains,                             /* sq_contains */
 };
 
 static PyObject*
-tuplesubscript(PyTupleObject* self, PyObject* item)
+tuple_subscript(PyObject *op, PyObject* item)
 {
+    PyTupleObject *self = _PyTuple_CAST(op);
     if (_PyIndex_Check(item)) {
         Py_ssize_t i = PyNumber_AsSsize_t(item, PyExc_IndexError);
         if (i == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())
             return NULL;
         if (i < 0)
             i += PyTuple_GET_SIZE(self);
-        return tupleitem(self, i);
+        return tuple_item(op, i);
     }
     else if (PySlice_Check(item)) {
         Py_ssize_t start, stop, step, slicelength, i;
@@ -824,7 +847,7 @@ static PyObject *
 tuple___getnewargs___impl(PyTupleObject *self)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=25e06e3ee56027e2 input=1aeb4b286a21639a]*/
 {
-    return Py_BuildValue("(N)", tupleslice(self, 0, Py_SIZE(self)));
+    return Py_BuildValue("(N)", tuple_slice(self, 0, Py_SIZE(self)));
 }
 
 static PyMethodDef tuple_methods[] = {
@@ -836,8 +859,8 @@ static PyMethodDef tuple_methods[] = {
 };
 
 static PyMappingMethods tuple_as_mapping = {
-    (lenfunc)tuplelength,
-    (binaryfunc)tuplesubscript,
+    tuple_length,
+    tuple_subscript,
     0
 };
 
@@ -848,16 +871,16 @@ PyTypeObject PyTuple_Type = {
     "tuple",
     sizeof(PyTupleObject) - sizeof(PyObject *),
     sizeof(PyObject *),
-    (destructor)tupledealloc,                   /* tp_dealloc */
+    tuple_dealloc,                              /* tp_dealloc */
     0,                                          /* tp_vectorcall_offset */
     0,                                          /* tp_getattr */
     0,                                          /* tp_setattr */
     0,                                          /* tp_as_async */
-    (reprfunc)tuplerepr,                        /* tp_repr */
+    tuple_repr,                                 /* tp_repr */
     0,                                          /* tp_as_number */
     &tuple_as_sequence,                         /* tp_as_sequence */
     &tuple_as_mapping,                          /* tp_as_mapping */
-    (hashfunc)tuplehash,                        /* tp_hash */
+    tuple_hash,                                 /* tp_hash */
     0,                                          /* tp_call */
     0,                                          /* tp_str */
     PyObject_GenericGetAttr,                    /* tp_getattro */
@@ -867,9 +890,9 @@ PyTypeObject PyTuple_Type = {
         Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE | Py_TPFLAGS_TUPLE_SUBCLASS |
         _Py_TPFLAGS_MATCH_SELF | Py_TPFLAGS_SEQUENCE,  /* tp_flags */
     tuple_new__doc__,                           /* tp_doc */
-    (traverseproc)tupletraverse,                /* tp_traverse */
+    tuple_traverse,                             /* tp_traverse */
     0,                                          /* tp_clear */
-    tuplerichcompare,                           /* tp_richcompare */
+    tuple_richcompare,                          /* tp_richcompare */
     0,                                          /* tp_weaklistoffset */
     tuple_iter,                                 /* tp_iter */
     0,                                          /* tp_iternext */
@@ -961,16 +984,6 @@ _PyTuple_Resize(PyObject **pv, Py_ssize_t newsize)
     return 0;
 }
 
-
-static void maybe_freelist_clear(struct _Py_object_freelists *, int);
-
-
-void
-_PyTuple_ClearFreeList(struct _Py_object_freelists *freelists, int is_finalization)
-{
-    maybe_freelist_clear(freelists, is_finalization);
-}
-
 /*********************** Tuple Iterator **************************/
 
 
@@ -990,8 +1003,9 @@ tupleiter_traverse(_PyTupleIterObject *it, visitproc visit, void *arg)
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-tupleiter_next(_PyTupleIterObject *it)
+tupleiter_next(PyObject *obj)
 {
+    _PyTupleIterObject *it = (_PyTupleIterObject *)obj;
     PyTupleObject *seq;
     PyObject *item;
 
@@ -1092,7 +1106,7 @@ PyTypeObject PyTupleIter_Type = {
     0,                                          /* tp_richcompare */
     0,                                          /* tp_weaklistoffset */
     PyObject_SelfIter,                          /* tp_iter */
-    (iternextfunc)tupleiter_next,               /* tp_iternext */
+    tupleiter_next,                             /* tp_iternext */
     tupleiter_methods,                          /* tp_methods */
     0,
 };
@@ -1120,102 +1134,29 @@ tuple_iter(PyObject *seq)
  * freelists *
  *************/
 
-#define TUPLE_FREELIST (freelists->tuples)
-#define FREELIST_FINALIZED (TUPLE_FREELIST.numfree[0] < 0)
-
-static inline PyTupleObject *
-maybe_freelist_pop(Py_ssize_t size)
-{
-#ifdef WITH_FREELISTS
-    struct _Py_object_freelists *freelists = _Py_object_freelists_GET();
-    if (size == 0) {
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    assert(size > 0);
-    if (size < PyTuple_MAXSAVESIZE) {
-        Py_ssize_t index = size - 1;
-        PyTupleObject *op = TUPLE_FREELIST.items[index];
-        if (op != NULL) {
-            /* op is the head of a linked list, with the first item
-               pointing to the next node.  Here we pop off the old head. */
-            TUPLE_FREELIST.items[index] = (PyTupleObject *) op->ob_item[0];
-            TUPLE_FREELIST.numfree[index]--;
-            /* Inlined _PyObject_InitVar() without _PyType_HasFeature() test */
-#ifdef Py_TRACE_REFS
-            /* maybe_freelist_push() ensures these were already set. */
-            // XXX Can we drop these?  See commit 68055ce6fe01 (GvR, Dec 1998).
-            Py_SET_SIZE(op, size);
-            Py_SET_TYPE(op, &PyTuple_Type);
-#endif
-            _Py_NewReference((PyObject *)op);
-            /* END inlined _PyObject_InitVar() */
-            OBJECT_STAT_INC(from_freelist);
-            return op;
-        }
-    }
-#endif
-    return NULL;
-}
-
 static inline int
 maybe_freelist_push(PyTupleObject *op)
 {
-#ifdef WITH_FREELISTS
-    struct _Py_object_freelists *freelists = _Py_object_freelists_GET();
-    if (Py_SIZE(op) == 0) {
+    if (!Py_IS_TYPE(op, &PyTuple_Type)) {
         return 0;
     }
     Py_ssize_t index = Py_SIZE(op) - 1;
-    if (index < PyTuple_NFREELISTS
-        && TUPLE_FREELIST.numfree[index] < PyTuple_MAXFREELIST
-        && TUPLE_FREELIST.numfree[index] >= 0
-        && Py_IS_TYPE(op, &PyTuple_Type))
-    {
-        /* op is the head of a linked list, with the first item
-           pointing to the next node.  Here we set op as the new head. */
-        op->ob_item[0] = (PyObject *) TUPLE_FREELIST.items[index];
-        TUPLE_FREELIST.items[index] = op;
-        TUPLE_FREELIST.numfree[index]++;
-        OBJECT_STAT_INC(to_freelist);
-        return 1;
+    if (index < PyTuple_MAXSAVESIZE) {
+        return _Py_FREELIST_PUSH(tuples[index], op, Py_tuple_MAXFREELIST);
     }
-#endif
     return 0;
 }
 
-static void
-maybe_freelist_clear(struct _Py_object_freelists *freelists, int fini)
-{
-#ifdef WITH_FREELISTS
-    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < PyTuple_NFREELISTS; i++) {
-        PyTupleObject *p = TUPLE_FREELIST.items[i];
-        TUPLE_FREELIST.items[i] = NULL;
-        TUPLE_FREELIST.numfree[i] = fini ? -1 : 0;
-        while (p) {
-            PyTupleObject *q = p;
-            p = (PyTupleObject *)(p->ob_item[0]);
-            PyObject_GC_Del(q);
-        }
-    }
-#endif
-}
-
 /* Print summary info about the state of the optimized allocator */
 void
 _PyTuple_DebugMallocStats(FILE *out)
 {
-#ifdef WITH_FREELISTS
-    struct _Py_object_freelists *freelists = _Py_object_freelists_GET();
-    for (int i = 0; i < PyTuple_NFREELISTS; i++) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < PyTuple_MAXSAVESIZE; i++) {
         int len = i + 1;
         char buf[128];
         PyOS_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),
                       "free %d-sized PyTupleObject", len);
-        _PyDebugAllocatorStats(out, buf, TUPLE_FREELIST.numfree[i],
+        _PyDebugAllocatorStats(out, buf, _Py_FREELIST_SIZE(tuples[i]),
                                _PyObject_VAR_SIZE(&PyTuple_Type, len));
     }
-#endif
 }
-
-#undef STATE
-#undef FREELIST_FINALIZED
diff --git a/Objects/typeobject.c b/Objects/typeobject.c
index 880ac6b9c009fe..b4a11195613d74 100644
--- a/Objects/typeobject.c
+++ b/Objects/typeobject.c
@@ -62,24 +62,13 @@ class object "PyObject *" "&PyBaseObject_Type"
 // be released and reacquired during a subclass update if there's contention
 // on the subclass lock.
 #define TYPE_LOCK &PyInterpreterState_Get()->types.mutex
-#define BEGIN_TYPE_LOCK()                                               \
-    {                                                                   \
-        _PyCriticalSection _cs;                                         \
-        _PyCriticalSection_Begin(&_cs, TYPE_LOCK);                      \
+#define BEGIN_TYPE_LOCK() Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION_MUT(TYPE_LOCK)
+#define END_TYPE_LOCK() Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION()
 
-#define END_TYPE_LOCK()                                                 \
-        _PyCriticalSection_End(&_cs);                                   \
-    }
-
-#define BEGIN_TYPE_DICT_LOCK(d)                                         \
-    {                                                                   \
-        _PyCriticalSection2 _cs;                                        \
-        _PyCriticalSection2_Begin(&_cs, TYPE_LOCK,                      \
-                                  &_PyObject_CAST(d)->ob_mutex);        \
+#define BEGIN_TYPE_DICT_LOCK(d) \
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION2_MUT(TYPE_LOCK, &_PyObject_CAST(d)->ob_mutex)
 
-#define END_TYPE_DICT_LOCK()                                            \
-        _PyCriticalSection2_End(&_cs);                                  \
-    }
+#define END_TYPE_DICT_LOCK() Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION2()
 
 #define ASSERT_TYPE_LOCK_HELD() \
     _Py_CRITICAL_SECTION_ASSERT_MUTEX_LOCKED(TYPE_LOCK)
@@ -159,18 +148,28 @@ managed_static_type_index_clear(PyTypeObject *self)
     self->tp_subclasses = NULL;
 }
 
-static inline managed_static_type_state *
-static_builtin_state_get(PyInterpreterState *interp, PyTypeObject *self)
+static PyTypeObject *
+static_ext_type_lookup(PyInterpreterState *interp, size_t index,
+                       int64_t *p_interp_count)
 {
-    return &(interp->types.builtins.initialized[
-                        managed_static_type_index_get(self)]);
-}
+    assert(interp->runtime == &_PyRuntime);
+    assert(index < _Py_MAX_MANAGED_STATIC_EXT_TYPES);
 
-static inline managed_static_type_state *
-static_ext_type_state_get(PyInterpreterState *interp, PyTypeObject *self)
-{
-    return &(interp->types.for_extensions.initialized[
-                        managed_static_type_index_get(self)]);
+    size_t full_index = index + _Py_MAX_MANAGED_STATIC_BUILTIN_TYPES;
+    int64_t interp_count =
+            _PyRuntime.types.managed_static.types[full_index].interp_count;
+    assert((interp_count == 0) ==
+            (_PyRuntime.types.managed_static.types[full_index].type == NULL));
+    *p_interp_count = interp_count;
+
+    PyTypeObject *type = interp->types.for_extensions.initialized[index].type;
+    if (type == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    assert(!interp->types.for_extensions.initialized[index].isbuiltin);
+    assert(type == _PyRuntime.types.managed_static.types[full_index].type);
+    assert(managed_static_type_index_is_set(type));
+    return type;
 }
 
 static managed_static_type_state *
@@ -202,6 +201,8 @@ static void
 managed_static_type_state_init(PyInterpreterState *interp, PyTypeObject *self,
                                int isbuiltin, int initial)
 {
+    assert(interp->runtime == &_PyRuntime);
+
     size_t index;
     if (initial) {
         assert(!managed_static_type_index_is_set(self));
@@ -228,6 +229,22 @@ managed_static_type_state_init(PyInterpreterState *interp, PyTypeObject *self,
             assert(index < _Py_MAX_MANAGED_STATIC_EXT_TYPES);
         }
     }
+    size_t full_index = isbuiltin
+        ? index
+        : index + _Py_MAX_MANAGED_STATIC_BUILTIN_TYPES;
+
+    assert((initial == 1) ==
+            (_PyRuntime.types.managed_static.types[full_index].interp_count == 0));
+    (void)_Py_atomic_add_int64(
+            &_PyRuntime.types.managed_static.types[full_index].interp_count, 1);
+
+    if (initial) {
+        assert(_PyRuntime.types.managed_static.types[full_index].type == NULL);
+        _PyRuntime.types.managed_static.types[full_index].type = self;
+    }
+    else {
+        assert(_PyRuntime.types.managed_static.types[full_index].type == self);
+    }
 
     managed_static_type_state *state = isbuiltin
         ? &(interp->types.builtins.initialized[index])
@@ -256,15 +273,29 @@ static void
 managed_static_type_state_clear(PyInterpreterState *interp, PyTypeObject *self,
                                 int isbuiltin, int final)
 {
+    size_t index = managed_static_type_index_get(self);
+    size_t full_index = isbuiltin
+        ? index
+        : index + _Py_MAX_MANAGED_STATIC_BUILTIN_TYPES;
+
     managed_static_type_state *state = isbuiltin
-        ? static_builtin_state_get(interp, self)
-        : static_ext_type_state_get(interp, self);
+        ? &(interp->types.builtins.initialized[index])
+        : &(interp->types.for_extensions.initialized[index]);
+    assert(state != NULL);
+
+    assert(_PyRuntime.types.managed_static.types[full_index].interp_count > 0);
+    assert(_PyRuntime.types.managed_static.types[full_index].type == state->type);
 
     assert(state->type != NULL);
     state->type = NULL;
     assert(state->tp_weaklist == NULL);  // It was already cleared out.
 
+    (void)_Py_atomic_add_int64(
+            &_PyRuntime.types.managed_static.types[full_index].interp_count, -1);
     if (final) {
+        assert(!_PyRuntime.types.managed_static.types[full_index].interp_count);
+        _PyRuntime.types.managed_static.types[full_index].type = NULL;
+
         managed_static_type_index_clear(self);
     }
 
@@ -283,6 +314,30 @@ managed_static_type_state_clear(PyInterpreterState *interp, PyTypeObject *self,
     }
 }
 
+
+
+PyObject *
+_PyStaticType_GetBuiltins(void)
+{
+    PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
+    Py_ssize_t count = (Py_ssize_t)interp->types.builtins.num_initialized;
+    assert(count <= _Py_MAX_MANAGED_STATIC_BUILTIN_TYPES);
+
+    PyObject *results = PyList_New(count);
+    if (results == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+        PyTypeObject *cls = interp->types.builtins.initialized[i].type;
+        assert(cls != NULL);
+        assert(interp->types.builtins.initialized[i].isbuiltin);
+        PyList_SET_ITEM(results, i, Py_NewRef((PyObject *)cls));
+    }
+
+    return results;
+}
+
+
 // Also see _PyStaticType_InitBuiltin() and _PyStaticType_FiniBuiltin().
 
 /* end static builtin helpers */
@@ -400,7 +455,7 @@ _PyType_GetBases(PyTypeObject *self)
     BEGIN_TYPE_LOCK();
     res = lookup_tp_bases(self);
     Py_INCREF(res);
-    END_TYPE_LOCK()
+    END_TYPE_LOCK();
 
     return res;
 }
@@ -471,7 +526,7 @@ _PyType_GetMRO(PyTypeObject *self)
     BEGIN_TYPE_LOCK();
     mro = lookup_tp_mro(self);
     Py_XINCREF(mro);
-    END_TYPE_LOCK()
+    END_TYPE_LOCK();
     return mro;
 #else
     return Py_XNewRef(lookup_tp_mro(self));
@@ -840,8 +895,12 @@ _PyTypes_Fini(PyInterpreterState *interp)
     struct type_cache *cache = &interp->types.type_cache;
     type_cache_clear(cache, NULL);
 
+    // All the managed static types should have been finalized already.
+    assert(interp->types.for_extensions.num_initialized == 0);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < _Py_MAX_MANAGED_STATIC_EXT_TYPES; i++) {
+        assert(interp->types.for_extensions.initialized[i].type == NULL);
+    }
     assert(interp->types.builtins.num_initialized == 0);
-    // All the static builtin types should have been finalized already.
     for (size_t i = 0; i < _Py_MAX_MANAGED_STATIC_BUILTIN_TYPES; i++) {
         assert(interp->types.builtins.initialized[i].type == NULL);
     }
@@ -853,7 +912,8 @@ PyType_AddWatcher(PyType_WatchCallback callback)
 {
     PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
 
-    for (int i = 0; i < TYPE_MAX_WATCHERS; i++) {
+    // start at 1, 0 is reserved for cpython optimizer
+    for (int i = 1; i < TYPE_MAX_WATCHERS; i++) {
         if (!interp->type_watchers[i]) {
             interp->type_watchers[i] = callback;
             return i;
@@ -904,10 +964,10 @@ PyType_Watch(int watcher_id, PyObject* obj)
         return -1;
     }
     // ensure we will get a callback on the next modification
-    BEGIN_TYPE_LOCK()
+    BEGIN_TYPE_LOCK();
     assign_version_tag(interp, type);
     type->tp_watched |= (1 << watcher_id);
-    END_TYPE_LOCK()
+    END_TYPE_LOCK();
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -927,43 +987,37 @@ PyType_Unwatch(int watcher_id, PyObject* obj)
     return 0;
 }
 
-#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
-
 static void
-type_modification_starting_unlocked(PyTypeObject *type)
+set_version_unlocked(PyTypeObject *tp, unsigned int version)
 {
     ASSERT_TYPE_LOCK_HELD();
-
-    /* Clear version tags on all types, but leave the valid
-       version tag intact.  This prepares for a modification so that
-       any concurrent readers of the type cache will not see invalid
-       values.
-     */
-    if (!_PyType_HasFeature(type, Py_TPFLAGS_VALID_VERSION_TAG)) {
-        return;
+#ifndef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
+    // lookup the old version and set to null
+    if (tp->tp_version_tag != 0) {
+        PyTypeObject **slot =
+            interp->types.type_version_cache
+            + (tp->tp_version_tag % TYPE_VERSION_CACHE_SIZE);
+        *slot = NULL;
     }
-
-    PyObject *subclasses = lookup_tp_subclasses(type);
-    if (subclasses != NULL) {
-        assert(PyDict_CheckExact(subclasses));
-
-        Py_ssize_t i = 0;
-        PyObject *ref;
-        while (PyDict_Next(subclasses, &i, NULL, &ref)) {
-            PyTypeObject *subclass = type_from_ref(ref);
-            if (subclass == NULL) {
-                continue;
-            }
-            type_modification_starting_unlocked(subclass);
-            Py_DECREF(subclass);
-        }
+    if (version) {
+        tp->tp_versions_used++;
+    }
+#else
+    if (version) {
+        _Py_atomic_add_uint16(&tp->tp_versions_used, 1);
     }
-
-    /* 0 is not a valid version tag */
-    _Py_atomic_store_uint32_release(&type->tp_version_tag, 0);
-}
-
 #endif
+    FT_ATOMIC_STORE_UINT32_RELAXED(tp->tp_version_tag, version);
+#ifndef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    if (version != 0) {
+        PyTypeObject **slot =
+            interp->types.type_version_cache
+            + (version % TYPE_VERSION_CACHE_SIZE);
+        *slot = tp;
+    }
+#endif
+}
 
 static void
 type_modified_unlocked(PyTypeObject *type)
@@ -974,18 +1028,20 @@ type_modified_unlocked(PyTypeObject *type)
 
        Invariants:
 
-       - before Py_TPFLAGS_VALID_VERSION_TAG can be set on a type,
+       - before tp_version_tag can be set on a type,
          it must first be set on all super types.
 
-       This function clears the Py_TPFLAGS_VALID_VERSION_TAG of a
+       This function clears the tp_version_tag of a
        type (so it must first clear it on all subclasses).  The
-       tp_version_tag value is meaningless unless this flag is set.
+       tp_version_tag value is meaningless when equal to zero.
        We don't assign new version tags eagerly, but only as
        needed.
      */
-    if (!_PyType_HasFeature(type, Py_TPFLAGS_VALID_VERSION_TAG)) {
+    if (type->tp_version_tag == 0) {
         return;
     }
+    // Cannot modify static builtin types.
+    assert((type->tp_flags & _Py_TPFLAGS_STATIC_BUILTIN) == 0);
 
     PyObject *subclasses = lookup_tp_subclasses(type);
     if (subclasses != NULL) {
@@ -1023,8 +1079,7 @@ type_modified_unlocked(PyTypeObject *type)
         }
     }
 
-    type->tp_flags &= ~Py_TPFLAGS_VALID_VERSION_TAG;
-    FT_ATOMIC_STORE_UINT32_RELAXED(type->tp_version_tag, 0); /* 0 is not a valid version tag */
+    set_version_unlocked(type, 0); /* 0 is not a valid version tag */
     if (PyType_HasFeature(type, Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE)) {
         // This field *must* be invalidated if the type is modified (see the
         // comment on struct _specialization_cache):
@@ -1036,13 +1091,13 @@ void
 PyType_Modified(PyTypeObject *type)
 {
     // Quick check without the lock held
-    if (!_PyType_HasFeature(type, Py_TPFLAGS_VALID_VERSION_TAG)) {
+    if (type->tp_version_tag == 0) {
         return;
     }
 
-    BEGIN_TYPE_LOCK()
+    BEGIN_TYPE_LOCK();
     type_modified_unlocked(type);
-    END_TYPE_LOCK()
+    END_TYPE_LOCK();
 }
 
 static int
@@ -1100,8 +1155,7 @@ type_mro_modified(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *bases) {
 
  clear:
     assert(!(type->tp_flags & _Py_TPFLAGS_STATIC_BUILTIN));
-    type->tp_flags &= ~Py_TPFLAGS_VALID_VERSION_TAG;
-    FT_ATOMIC_STORE_UINT32_RELAXED(type->tp_version_tag, 0); /* 0 is not a valid version tag */
+    set_version_unlocked(type, 0); /* 0 is not a valid version tag */
     if (PyType_HasFeature(type, Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE)) {
         // This field *must* be invalidated if the type is modified (see the
         // comment on struct _specialization_cache):
@@ -1109,6 +1163,49 @@ type_mro_modified(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *bases) {
     }
 }
 
+/*
+The Tier 2 interpreter requires looking up the type object by the type version, so it can install
+watchers to understand when they change.
+
+So we add a global cache from type version to borrowed references of type objects.
+
+This is similar to func_version_cache.
+*/
+
+void
+_PyType_SetVersion(PyTypeObject *tp, unsigned int version)
+{
+
+    BEGIN_TYPE_LOCK();
+    set_version_unlocked(tp, version);
+    END_TYPE_LOCK();
+}
+
+PyTypeObject *
+_PyType_LookupByVersion(unsigned int version)
+{
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    return NULL;
+#else
+    PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
+    PyTypeObject **slot =
+        interp->types.type_version_cache
+        + (version % TYPE_VERSION_CACHE_SIZE);
+    if (*slot && (*slot)->tp_version_tag == version) {
+        return *slot;
+    }
+    return NULL;
+#endif
+}
+
+unsigned int
+_PyType_GetVersionForCurrentState(PyTypeObject *tp)
+{
+    return tp->tp_version_tag;
+}
+
+
+
 #define MAX_VERSIONS_PER_CLASS 1000
 
 static int
@@ -1116,12 +1213,11 @@ assign_version_tag(PyInterpreterState *interp, PyTypeObject *type)
 {
     ASSERT_TYPE_LOCK_HELD();
 
-    /* Ensure that the tp_version_tag is valid and set
-       Py_TPFLAGS_VALID_VERSION_TAG.  To respect the invariant, this
-       must first be done on all super classes.  Return 0 if this
-       cannot be done, 1 if Py_TPFLAGS_VALID_VERSION_TAG.
+    /* Ensure that the tp_version_tag is valid.
+     * To respect the invariant, this must first be done on all super classes.
+     * Return 0 if this cannot be done, 1 if tp_version_tag is set.
     */
-    if (_PyType_HasFeature(type, Py_TPFLAGS_VALID_VERSION_TAG)) {
+    if (type->tp_version_tag != 0) {
         return 1;
     }
     if (!_PyType_HasFeature(type, Py_TPFLAGS_READY)) {
@@ -1130,15 +1226,22 @@ assign_version_tag(PyInterpreterState *interp, PyTypeObject *type)
     if (type->tp_versions_used >= MAX_VERSIONS_PER_CLASS) {
         return 0;
     }
-    type->tp_versions_used++;
+
+    PyObject *bases = lookup_tp_bases(type);
+    Py_ssize_t n = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(bases);
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        PyObject *b = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(bases, i);
+        if (!assign_version_tag(interp, _PyType_CAST(b))) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
     if (type->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_IMMUTABLETYPE) {
         /* static types */
         if (NEXT_GLOBAL_VERSION_TAG > _Py_MAX_GLOBAL_TYPE_VERSION_TAG) {
             /* We have run out of version numbers */
             return 0;
         }
-        FT_ATOMIC_STORE_UINT32_RELAXED(type->tp_version_tag,
-                                       NEXT_GLOBAL_VERSION_TAG++);
+        set_version_unlocked(type, NEXT_GLOBAL_VERSION_TAG++);
         assert (type->tp_version_tag <= _Py_MAX_GLOBAL_TYPE_VERSION_TAG);
     }
     else {
@@ -1147,19 +1250,9 @@ assign_version_tag(PyInterpreterState *interp, PyTypeObject *type)
             /* We have run out of version numbers */
             return 0;
         }
-        FT_ATOMIC_STORE_UINT32_RELAXED(type->tp_version_tag,
-                                       NEXT_VERSION_TAG(interp)++);
+        set_version_unlocked(type, NEXT_VERSION_TAG(interp)++);
         assert (type->tp_version_tag != 0);
     }
-
-    PyObject *bases = lookup_tp_bases(type);
-    Py_ssize_t n = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(bases);
-    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        PyObject *b = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(bases, i);
-        if (!assign_version_tag(interp, _PyType_CAST(b)))
-            return 0;
-    }
-    type->tp_flags |= Py_TPFLAGS_VALID_VERSION_TAG;
     return 1;
 }
 
@@ -1167,9 +1260,9 @@ int PyUnstable_Type_AssignVersionTag(PyTypeObject *type)
 {
     PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
     int assigned;
-    BEGIN_TYPE_LOCK()
+    BEGIN_TYPE_LOCK();
     assigned = assign_version_tag(interp, type);
-    END_TYPE_LOCK()
+    END_TYPE_LOCK();
     return assigned;
 }
 
@@ -1315,8 +1408,10 @@ type_module(PyTypeObject *type)
         if (s != NULL) {
             mod = PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize(
                 type->tp_name, (Py_ssize_t)(s - type->tp_name));
-            if (mod != NULL)
-                PyUnicode_InternInPlace(&mod);
+            if (mod != NULL) {
+                PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
+                _PyUnicode_InternMortal(interp, &mod);
+            }
         }
         else {
             mod = &_Py_ID(builtins);
@@ -1340,6 +1435,9 @@ type_set_module(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *value, void *context)
     PyType_Modified(type);
 
     PyObject *dict = lookup_tp_dict(type);
+    if (PyDict_Pop(dict, &_Py_ID(__firstlineno__), NULL) < 0) {
+        return -1;
+    }
     return PyDict_SetItem(dict, &_Py_ID(__module__), value);
 }
 
@@ -1452,7 +1550,7 @@ type_get_mro(PyTypeObject *type, void *context)
 {
     PyObject *mro;
 
-    BEGIN_TYPE_LOCK()
+    BEGIN_TYPE_LOCK();
     mro = lookup_tp_mro(type);
     if (mro == NULL) {
         mro = Py_None;
@@ -1460,7 +1558,7 @@ type_get_mro(PyTypeObject *type, void *context)
         Py_INCREF(mro);
     }
 
-    END_TYPE_LOCK()
+    END_TYPE_LOCK();
     return mro;
 }
 
@@ -2371,7 +2469,7 @@ subtype_dealloc(PyObject *self)
            reference counting. Only decref if the base type is not already a heap
            allocated type. Otherwise, basedealloc should have decref'd it already */
         if (type_needs_decref) {
-            Py_DECREF(type);
+            _Py_DECREF_TYPE(type);
         }
 
         /* Done */
@@ -2430,7 +2528,7 @@ subtype_dealloc(PyObject *self)
            finalizers since they might rely on part of the object
            being finalized that has already been destroyed. */
         if (type->tp_weaklistoffset && !base->tp_weaklistoffset) {
-            _PyWeakref_ClearWeakRefsExceptCallbacks(self);
+            _PyWeakref_ClearWeakRefsNoCallbacks(self);
         }
     }
 
@@ -2481,7 +2579,7 @@ subtype_dealloc(PyObject *self)
        reference counting. Only decref if the base type is not already a heap
        allocated type. Otherwise, basedealloc should have decref'd it already */
     if (type_needs_decref) {
-        Py_DECREF(type);
+        _Py_DECREF_TYPE(type);
     }
 
   endlabel:
@@ -2602,13 +2700,32 @@ _PyObject_LookupSpecial(PyObject *self, PyObject *attr)
     return res;
 }
 
+/* Steals a reference to self */
 PyObject *
-_PyObject_LookupSpecialId(PyObject *self, _Py_Identifier *attrid)
+_PyObject_LookupSpecialMethod(PyObject *self, PyObject *attr, PyObject **self_or_null)
 {
-    PyObject *attr = _PyUnicode_FromId(attrid);   /* borrowed */
-    if (attr == NULL)
+    PyObject *res;
+
+    res = _PyType_LookupRef(Py_TYPE(self), attr);
+    if (res == NULL) {
+        Py_DECREF(self);
+        *self_or_null = NULL;
         return NULL;
-    return _PyObject_LookupSpecial(self, attr);
+    }
+
+    if (_PyType_HasFeature(Py_TYPE(res), Py_TPFLAGS_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR)) {
+        /* Avoid temporary PyMethodObject */
+        *self_or_null = self;
+    }
+    else {
+        descrgetfunc f = Py_TYPE(res)->tp_descr_get;
+        if (f != NULL) {
+            Py_SETREF(res, f(res, self, (PyObject *)(Py_TYPE(self))));
+        }
+        *self_or_null = NULL;
+        Py_DECREF(self);
+    }
+    return res;
 }
 
 static PyObject *
@@ -3013,9 +3130,9 @@ static PyObject *
 mro_implementation(PyTypeObject *type)
 {
     PyObject *mro;
-    BEGIN_TYPE_LOCK()
+    BEGIN_TYPE_LOCK();
     mro = mro_implementation_unlocked(type);
-    END_TYPE_LOCK()
+    END_TYPE_LOCK();
     return mro;
 }
 
@@ -3187,7 +3304,7 @@ mro_internal_unlocked(PyTypeObject *type, int initial, PyObject **p_old_mro)
     else {
         /* For static builtin types, this is only called during init
            before the method cache has been populated. */
-        assert(_PyType_HasFeature(type, Py_TPFLAGS_VALID_VERSION_TAG));
+        assert(type->tp_version_tag);
     }
 
     if (p_old_mro != NULL)
@@ -3202,9 +3319,9 @@ static int
 mro_internal(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject **p_old_mro)
 {
     int res;
-    BEGIN_TYPE_LOCK()
+    BEGIN_TYPE_LOCK();
     res = mro_internal_unlocked(type, 0, p_old_mro);
-    END_TYPE_LOCK()
+    END_TYPE_LOCK();
     return res;
 }
 
@@ -3498,7 +3615,7 @@ type_init(PyObject *cls, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
 unsigned long
 PyType_GetFlags(PyTypeObject *type)
 {
-    return type->tp_flags;
+    return FT_ATOMIC_LOAD_ULONG_RELAXED(type->tp_flags);
 }
 
 
@@ -3812,8 +3929,11 @@ type_new_alloc(type_new_ctx *ctx)
     et->ht_name = Py_NewRef(ctx->name);
     et->ht_module = NULL;
     et->_ht_tpname = NULL;
+    et->ht_token = NULL;
 
-    _PyObject_SetDeferredRefcount((PyObject *)et);
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    et->unique_id = _PyObject_AssignUniqueId((PyObject *)et);
+#endif
 
     return type;
 }
@@ -4517,10 +4637,71 @@ check_basicsize_includes_size_and_offsets(PyTypeObject* type)
     return 1;
 }
 
-static PyObject *
-_PyType_FromMetaclass_impl(
+static int
+check_immutable_bases(const char *type_name, PyObject *bases, int skip_first)
+{
+    Py_ssize_t i = 0;
+    if (skip_first) {
+        // When testing the MRO, skip the type itself
+        i = 1;
+    }
+    for (; i<PyTuple_GET_SIZE(bases); i++) {
+        PyTypeObject *b = (PyTypeObject*)PyTuple_GET_ITEM(bases, i);
+        if (!b) {
+            return -1;
+        }
+        if (!_PyType_HasFeature(b, Py_TPFLAGS_IMMUTABLETYPE)) {
+            PyErr_Format(
+                PyExc_TypeError,
+                "Creating immutable type %s from mutable base %N",
+                type_name, b
+            );
+            return -1;
+        }
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+/* Set *dest to the offset specified by a special "__*offset__" member.
+ * Return 0 on success, -1 on failure.
+ */
+static inline int
+special_offset_from_member(
+            const PyMemberDef *memb /* may be NULL */,
+            Py_ssize_t type_data_offset,
+            Py_ssize_t *dest /* not NULL */)
+{
+    if (memb == NULL) {
+        *dest = 0;
+        return 0;
+    }
+    if (memb->type != Py_T_PYSSIZET) {
+        PyErr_Format(
+            PyExc_SystemError,
+            "type of %s must be Py_T_PYSSIZET",
+            memb->name);
+        return -1;
+    }
+    if (memb->flags == Py_READONLY) {
+        *dest = memb->offset;
+        return 0;
+    }
+    else if (memb->flags == (Py_READONLY | Py_RELATIVE_OFFSET)) {
+        *dest = memb->offset + type_data_offset;
+        return 0;
+    }
+    PyErr_Format(
+        PyExc_SystemError,
+        "flags for %s must be Py_READONLY or (Py_READONLY | Py_RELATIVE_OFFSET)",
+        memb->name);
+    return -1;
+}
+
+PyObject *
+PyType_FromMetaclass(
     PyTypeObject *metaclass, PyObject *module,
-    PyType_Spec *spec, PyObject *bases_in, int _allow_tp_new)
+    PyType_Spec *spec, PyObject *bases_in)
 {
     /* Invariant: A non-NULL value in one of these means this function holds
      * a strong reference or owns allocated memory.
@@ -4542,10 +4723,11 @@ _PyType_FromMetaclass_impl(
 
     const PyType_Slot *slot;
     Py_ssize_t nmembers = 0;
-    Py_ssize_t weaklistoffset, dictoffset, vectorcalloffset;
+    const PyMemberDef *weaklistoffset_member = NULL;
+    const PyMemberDef *dictoffset_member = NULL;
+    const PyMemberDef *vectorcalloffset_member = NULL;
     char *res_start;
 
-    nmembers = weaklistoffset = dictoffset = vectorcalloffset = 0;
     for (slot = spec->slots; slot->slot; slot++) {
         if (slot->slot < 0
             || (size_t)slot->slot >= Py_ARRAY_LENGTH(pyslot_offsets)) {
@@ -4562,24 +4744,6 @@ _PyType_FromMetaclass_impl(
             }
             for (const PyMemberDef *memb = slot->pfunc; memb->name != NULL; memb++) {
                 nmembers++;
-                if (strcmp(memb->name, "__weaklistoffset__") == 0) {
-                    // The PyMemberDef must be a Py_ssize_t and readonly
-                    assert(memb->type == Py_T_PYSSIZET);
-                    assert(memb->flags == Py_READONLY);
-                    weaklistoffset = memb->offset;
-                }
-                if (strcmp(memb->name, "__dictoffset__") == 0) {
-                    // The PyMemberDef must be a Py_ssize_t and readonly
-                    assert(memb->type == Py_T_PYSSIZET);
-                    assert(memb->flags == Py_READONLY);
-                    dictoffset = memb->offset;
-                }
-                if (strcmp(memb->name, "__vectorcalloffset__") == 0) {
-                    // The PyMemberDef must be a Py_ssize_t and readonly
-                    assert(memb->type == Py_T_PYSSIZET);
-                    assert(memb->flags == Py_READONLY);
-                    vectorcalloffset = memb->offset;
-                }
                 if (memb->flags & Py_RELATIVE_OFFSET) {
                     if (spec->basicsize > 0) {
                         PyErr_SetString(
@@ -4594,6 +4758,15 @@ _PyType_FromMetaclass_impl(
                         goto finally;
                     }
                 }
+                if (strcmp(memb->name, "__weaklistoffset__") == 0) {
+                    weaklistoffset_member = memb;
+                }
+                if (strcmp(memb->name, "__dictoffset__") == 0) {
+                    dictoffset_member = memb;
+                }
+                if (strcmp(memb->name, "__vectorcalloffset__") == 0) {
+                    vectorcalloffset_member = memb;
+                }
             }
             break;
         case Py_tp_doc:
@@ -4673,19 +4846,8 @@ _PyType_FromMetaclass_impl(
      * and only heap types can be mutable.)
      */
     if (spec->flags & Py_TPFLAGS_IMMUTABLETYPE) {
-        for (int i=0; i<PyTuple_GET_SIZE(bases); i++) {
-            PyTypeObject *b = (PyTypeObject*)PyTuple_GET_ITEM(bases, i);
-            if (!b) {
-                goto finally;
-            }
-            if (!_PyType_HasFeature(b, Py_TPFLAGS_IMMUTABLETYPE)) {
-                PyErr_Format(
-                    PyExc_TypeError,
-                    "Creating immutable type %s from mutable base %N",
-                    spec->name, b
-                );
-                goto finally;
-            }
+        if (check_immutable_bases(spec->name, bases, 0) < 0) {
+            goto finally;
         }
     }
 
@@ -4705,21 +4867,10 @@ _PyType_FromMetaclass_impl(
         goto finally;
     }
     if (metaclass->tp_new && metaclass->tp_new != PyType_Type.tp_new) {
-        if (_allow_tp_new) {
-            if (PyErr_WarnFormat(
-                    PyExc_DeprecationWarning, 1,
-                    "Type %s uses PyType_Spec with a metaclass that has custom "
-                    "tp_new. This is deprecated and will no longer be allowed in "
-                    "Python 3.14.", spec->name) < 0) {
-                goto finally;
-            }
-        }
-        else {
-            PyErr_SetString(
-                PyExc_TypeError,
-                "Metaclasses with custom tp_new are not supported.");
-            goto finally;
-        }
+        PyErr_SetString(
+            PyExc_TypeError,
+            "Metaclasses with custom tp_new are not supported.");
+        goto finally;
     }
 
     /* Calculate best base, and check that all bases are type objects */
@@ -4757,6 +4908,24 @@ _PyType_FromMetaclass_impl(
 
     Py_ssize_t itemsize = spec->itemsize;
 
+    /* Compute special offsets */
+
+    Py_ssize_t weaklistoffset = 0;
+    if (special_offset_from_member(weaklistoffset_member, type_data_offset,
+                                  &weaklistoffset) < 0) {
+        goto finally;
+    }
+    Py_ssize_t dictoffset = 0;
+    if (special_offset_from_member(dictoffset_member, type_data_offset,
+                                  &dictoffset) < 0) {
+        goto finally;
+    }
+    Py_ssize_t vectorcalloffset = 0;
+    if (special_offset_from_member(vectorcalloffset_member, type_data_offset,
+                                  &vectorcalloffset) < 0) {
+        goto finally;
+    }
+
     /* Allocate the new type
      *
      * Between here and PyType_Ready, we should limit:
@@ -4834,6 +5003,11 @@ _PyType_FromMetaclass_impl(
                 }
             }
             break;
+        case Py_tp_token:
+            {
+                res->ht_token = slot->pfunc == Py_TP_USE_SPEC ? spec : slot->pfunc;
+            }
+            break;
         default:
             {
                 /* Copy other slots directly */
@@ -4865,6 +5039,11 @@ _PyType_FromMetaclass_impl(
     type->tp_weaklistoffset = weaklistoffset;
     type->tp_dictoffset = dictoffset;
 
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    // Assign a unique id to enable per-thread refcounting
+    res->unique_id = _PyObject_AssignUniqueId((PyObject *)res);
+#endif
+
     /* Ready the type (which includes inheritance).
      *
      * After this call we should generally only touch up what's
@@ -4943,29 +5122,22 @@ _PyType_FromMetaclass_impl(
     return (PyObject*)res;
 }
 
-PyObject *
-PyType_FromMetaclass(PyTypeObject *metaclass, PyObject *module,
-                     PyType_Spec *spec, PyObject *bases_in)
-{
-    return _PyType_FromMetaclass_impl(metaclass, module, spec, bases_in, 0);
-}
-
 PyObject *
 PyType_FromModuleAndSpec(PyObject *module, PyType_Spec *spec, PyObject *bases)
 {
-    return _PyType_FromMetaclass_impl(NULL, module, spec, bases, 1);
+    return PyType_FromMetaclass(NULL, module, spec, bases);
 }
 
 PyObject *
 PyType_FromSpecWithBases(PyType_Spec *spec, PyObject *bases)
 {
-    return _PyType_FromMetaclass_impl(NULL, NULL, spec, bases, 1);
+    return PyType_FromMetaclass(NULL, NULL, spec, bases);
 }
 
 PyObject *
 PyType_FromSpec(PyType_Spec *spec)
 {
-    return _PyType_FromMetaclass_impl(NULL, NULL, spec, NULL, 1);
+    return PyType_FromMetaclass(NULL, NULL, spec, NULL);
 }
 
 PyObject *
@@ -4996,8 +5168,15 @@ PyType_GetSlot(PyTypeObject *type, int slot)
         PyErr_BadInternalCall();
         return NULL;
     }
+    int slot_offset = pyslot_offsets[slot].slot_offset;
+
+    if (slot_offset >= (int)sizeof(PyTypeObject)) {
+        if (!_PyType_HasFeature(type, Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE)) {
+            return NULL;
+        }
+    }
 
-    parent_slot = *(void**)((char*)type + pyslot_offsets[slot].slot_offset);
+    parent_slot = *(void**)((char*)type + slot_offset);
     if (parent_slot == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
@@ -5046,8 +5225,8 @@ PyType_GetModuleState(PyTypeObject *type)
 /* Get the module of the first superclass where the module has the
  * given PyModuleDef.
  */
-static inline PyObject *
-get_module_by_def(PyTypeObject *type, PyModuleDef *def)
+PyObject *
+PyType_GetModuleByDef(PyTypeObject *type, PyModuleDef *def)
 {
     assert(PyType_Check(type));
 
@@ -5065,7 +5244,7 @@ get_module_by_def(PyTypeObject *type, PyModuleDef *def)
     }
 
     PyObject *res = NULL;
-    BEGIN_TYPE_LOCK()
+    BEGIN_TYPE_LOCK();
 
     PyObject *mro = lookup_tp_mro(type);
     // The type must be ready
@@ -5080,7 +5259,7 @@ get_module_by_def(PyTypeObject *type, PyModuleDef *def)
     Py_ssize_t n = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(mro);
     for (Py_ssize_t i = 1; i < n; i++) {
         PyObject *super = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(mro, i);
-        if(!_PyType_HasFeature((PyTypeObject *)super, Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE)) {
+        if (!_PyType_HasFeature((PyTypeObject *)super, Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE)) {
             // Static types in the MRO need to be skipped
             continue;
         }
@@ -5092,40 +5271,103 @@ get_module_by_def(PyTypeObject *type, PyModuleDef *def)
             break;
         }
     }
-    END_TYPE_LOCK()
-    return res;
-}
+    END_TYPE_LOCK();
 
-PyObject *
-PyType_GetModuleByDef(PyTypeObject *type, PyModuleDef *def)
-{
-    PyObject *module = get_module_by_def(type, def);
-    if (module == NULL) {
+    if (res == NULL) {
         PyErr_Format(
             PyExc_TypeError,
             "PyType_GetModuleByDef: No superclass of '%s' has the given module",
             type->tp_name);
     }
-    return module;
-}
+    return res;
+}
+
+
+static PyTypeObject *
+get_base_by_token_recursive(PyObject *bases, void *token)
+{
+    assert(bases != NULL);
+    PyTypeObject *res = NULL;
+    Py_ssize_t n = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(bases);
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        PyTypeObject *base = _PyType_CAST(PyTuple_GET_ITEM(bases, i));
+        if (!_PyType_HasFeature(base, Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (((PyHeapTypeObject*)base)->ht_token == token) {
+            res = base;
+            break;
+        }
+        base = get_base_by_token_recursive(lookup_tp_bases(base), token);
+        if (base != NULL) {
+            res = base;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    return res;  // Prefer to return recursively from one place
+}
+
+int
+PyType_GetBaseByToken(PyTypeObject *type, void *token, PyTypeObject **result)
+{
+    if (result != NULL) {
+        *result = NULL;
+    }
+
+    if (token == NULL) {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_SystemError,
+                     "PyType_GetBaseByToken called with token=NULL");
+        return -1;
+    }
+    if (!PyType_Check(type)) {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
+                     "expected a type, got a '%T' object", type);
+        return -1;
+    }
 
-PyObject *
-_PyType_GetModuleByDef2(PyTypeObject *left, PyTypeObject *right,
-                        PyModuleDef *def)
-{
-    PyObject *module = get_module_by_def(left, def);
-    if (module == NULL) {
-        module = get_module_by_def(right, def);
-        if (module == NULL) {
-            PyErr_Format(
-                PyExc_TypeError,
-                "PyType_GetModuleByDef: No superclass of '%s' nor '%s' has "
-                "the given module", left->tp_name, right->tp_name);
+    if (!_PyType_HasFeature(type, Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE)) {
+        // No static type has a heaptype superclass,
+        // which is ensured by type_ready_mro().
+        return 0;
+    }
+    if (((PyHeapTypeObject*)type)->ht_token == token) {
+found:
+        if (result != NULL) {
+            *result = (PyTypeObject *)Py_NewRef(type);
+        }
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    PyObject *mro = type->tp_mro;  // No lookup, following PyType_IsSubtype()
+    if (mro == NULL) {
+        PyTypeObject *base;
+        base = get_base_by_token_recursive(lookup_tp_bases(type), token);
+        if (base != NULL) {
+            // Copying the given type can cause a slowdown,
+            // unlike the overwrite below.
+            type = base;
+            goto found;
+        }
+        return 0;
+    }
+    // mro_invoke() ensures that the type MRO cannot be empty.
+    assert(PyTuple_GET_SIZE(mro) >= 1);
+    // Also, the first item in the MRO is the type itself, which
+    // we already checked above. We skip it in the loop.
+    assert(PyTuple_GET_ITEM(mro, 0) == (PyObject *)type);
+    Py_ssize_t n = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(mro);
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 1; i < n; i++) {
+        PyTypeObject *base = (PyTypeObject *)PyTuple_GET_ITEM(mro, i);
+        if (_PyType_HasFeature(base, Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE)
+            && ((PyHeapTypeObject*)base)->ht_token == token) {
+            type = base;
+            goto found;
         }
     }
-    return module;
+    return 0;
 }
 
+
 void *
 PyObject_GetTypeData(PyObject *obj, PyTypeObject *cls)
 {
@@ -5163,15 +5405,10 @@ find_name_in_mro(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *name, int *error)
 {
     ASSERT_TYPE_LOCK_HELD();
 
-    Py_hash_t hash;
-    if (!PyUnicode_CheckExact(name) ||
-        (hash = _PyASCIIObject_CAST(name)->hash) == -1)
-    {
-        hash = PyObject_Hash(name);
-        if (hash == -1) {
-            *error = -1;
-            return NULL;
-        }
+    Py_hash_t hash = _PyObject_HashFast(name);
+    if (hash == -1) {
+        *error = -1;
+        return NULL;
     }
 
     /* Look in tp_dict of types in MRO */
@@ -5304,7 +5541,7 @@ _PyType_LookupRef(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *name)
 #ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
     // synchronize-with other writing threads by doing an acquire load on the sequence
     while (1) {
-        int sequence = _PySeqLock_BeginRead(&entry->sequence);
+        uint32_t sequence = _PySeqLock_BeginRead(&entry->sequence);
         uint32_t entry_version = _Py_atomic_load_uint32_relaxed(&entry->version);
         uint32_t type_version = _Py_atomic_load_uint32_acquire(&type->tp_version_tag);
         if (entry_version == type_version &&
@@ -5332,7 +5569,7 @@ _PyType_LookupRef(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *name)
 #else
     if (entry->version == type->tp_version_tag &&
         entry->name == name) {
-        assert(_PyType_HasFeature(type, Py_TPFLAGS_VALID_VERSION_TAG));
+        assert(type->tp_version_tag);
         OBJECT_STAT_INC_COND(type_cache_hits, !is_dunder_name(name));
         OBJECT_STAT_INC_COND(type_cache_dunder_hits, is_dunder_name(name));
         Py_XINCREF(entry->value);
@@ -5350,14 +5587,13 @@ _PyType_LookupRef(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *name)
 
     int has_version = 0;
     int version = 0;
-    BEGIN_TYPE_LOCK()
+    BEGIN_TYPE_LOCK();
     res = find_name_in_mro(type, name, &error);
     if (MCACHE_CACHEABLE_NAME(name)) {
         has_version = assign_version_tag(interp, type);
         version = type->tp_version_tag;
-        assert(!has_version || _PyType_HasFeature(type, Py_TPFLAGS_VALID_VERSION_TAG));
     }
-    END_TYPE_LOCK()
+    END_TYPE_LOCK();
 
     /* Only put NULL results into cache if there was no error. */
     if (error) {
@@ -5394,16 +5630,6 @@ _PyType_Lookup(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *name)
     return res;
 }
 
-PyObject *
-_PyType_LookupId(PyTypeObject *type, _Py_Identifier *name)
-{
-    PyObject *oname;
-    oname = _PyUnicode_FromId(name);   /* borrowed */
-    if (oname == NULL)
-        return NULL;
-    return _PyType_Lookup(type, oname);
-}
-
 static void
 set_flags(PyTypeObject *self, unsigned long mask, unsigned long flags)
 {
@@ -5560,6 +5786,42 @@ _Py_type_getattro(PyObject *type, PyObject *name)
     return _Py_type_getattro_impl((PyTypeObject *)type, name, NULL);
 }
 
+static int
+type_update_dict(PyTypeObject *type, PyDictObject *dict, PyObject *name,
+                 PyObject *value, PyObject **old_value)
+{
+    // We don't want any re-entrancy between when we update the dict
+    // and call type_modified_unlocked, including running the destructor
+    // of the current value as it can observe the cache in an inconsistent
+    // state.  Because we have an exact unicode and our dict has exact
+    // unicodes we know that this will all complete without releasing
+    // the locks.
+    if (_PyDict_GetItemRef_Unicode_LockHeld(dict, name, old_value) < 0) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    /* Clear the VALID_VERSION flag of 'type' and all its
+        subclasses.  This could possibly be unified with the
+        update_subclasses() recursion in update_slot(), but carefully:
+        they each have their own conditions on which to stop
+        recursing into subclasses. */
+    type_modified_unlocked(type);
+
+    if (_PyDict_SetItem_LockHeld(dict, name, value) < 0) {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_AttributeError,
+                     "type object '%.50s' has no attribute '%U'",
+                     ((PyTypeObject*)type)->tp_name, name);
+        _PyObject_SetAttributeErrorContext((PyObject *)type, name);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    if (is_dunder_name(name)) {
+        return update_slot(type, name);
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
 static int
 type_setattro(PyObject *self, PyObject *name, PyObject *value)
 {
@@ -5587,9 +5849,9 @@ type_setattro(PyObject *self, PyObject *name, PyObject *value)
         if (name == NULL)
             return -1;
     }
-    /* bpo-40521: Interned strings are shared by all subinterpreters */
     if (!PyUnicode_CHECK_INTERNED(name)) {
-        PyUnicode_InternInPlace(&name);
+        PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
+        _PyUnicode_InternMortal(interp, &name);
         if (!PyUnicode_CHECK_INTERNED(name)) {
             PyErr_SetString(PyExc_MemoryError,
                             "Out of memory interning an attribute name");
@@ -5602,12 +5864,11 @@ type_setattro(PyObject *self, PyObject *name, PyObject *value)
     assert(!_PyType_HasFeature(metatype, Py_TPFLAGS_INLINE_VALUES));
     assert(!_PyType_HasFeature(metatype, Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT));
 
-    PyObject *old_value;
+    PyObject *old_value = NULL;
     PyObject *descr = _PyType_LookupRef(metatype, name);
     if (descr != NULL) {
         descrsetfunc f = Py_TYPE(descr)->tp_descr_set;
         if (f != NULL) {
-            old_value = NULL;
             res = f(descr, (PyObject *)type, value);
             goto done;
         }
@@ -5623,55 +5884,16 @@ type_setattro(PyObject *self, PyObject *name, PyObject *value)
         }
         END_TYPE_LOCK();
         if (dict == NULL) {
-            return -1;
+            res = -1;
+            goto done;
         }
     }
 
-    // We don't want any re-entrancy between when we update the dict
-    // and call type_modified_unlocked, including running the destructor
-    // of the current value as it can observe the cache in an inconsistent
-    // state.  Because we have an exact unicode and our dict has exact
-    // unicodes we know that this will all complete without releasing
-    // the locks.
     BEGIN_TYPE_DICT_LOCK(dict);
-
-    if (_PyDict_GetItemRef_Unicode_LockHeld((PyDictObject *)dict, name, &old_value) < 0) {
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
-    // In free-threaded builds readers can race with the lock-free portion
-    // of the type cache and the assignment into the dict.  We clear all of the
-    // versions initially so no readers will succeed in the lock-free case.
-    // They'll then block on the type lock until the update below is done.
-    type_modification_starting_unlocked(type);
-#endif
-
-    res = _PyDict_SetItem_LockHeld((PyDictObject *)dict, name, value);
-
-    /* Clear the VALID_VERSION flag of 'type' and all its
-        subclasses.  This could possibly be unified with the
-        update_subclasses() recursion in update_slot(), but carefully:
-        they each have their own conditions on which to stop
-        recursing into subclasses. */
-    type_modified_unlocked(type);
-
-    if (res == 0) {
-        if (is_dunder_name(name)) {
-            res = update_slot(type, name);
-        }
-    }
-    else if (PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_KeyError)) {
-        PyErr_Format(PyExc_AttributeError,
-                        "type object '%.50s' has no attribute '%U'",
-                        ((PyTypeObject*)type)->tp_name, name);
-
-        _PyObject_SetAttributeErrorContext((PyObject *)type, name);
-    }
-
+    res = type_update_dict(type, (PyDictObject *)dict, name, value, &old_value);
     assert(_PyType_CheckConsistency(type));
-
     END_TYPE_DICT_LOCK();
+
 done:
     Py_DECREF(name);
     Py_XDECREF(descr);
@@ -5767,8 +5989,7 @@ fini_static_type(PyInterpreterState *interp, PyTypeObject *type,
 
     if (final) {
         type->tp_flags &= ~Py_TPFLAGS_READY;
-        type->tp_flags &= ~Py_TPFLAGS_VALID_VERSION_TAG;
-        type->tp_version_tag = 0;
+        _PyType_SetVersion(type, 0);
     }
 
     _PyStaticType_ClearWeakRefs(interp, type);
@@ -5777,9 +5998,20 @@ fini_static_type(PyInterpreterState *interp, PyTypeObject *type,
 }
 
 void
-_PyStaticType_FiniForExtension(PyInterpreterState *interp, PyTypeObject *type, int final)
+_PyTypes_FiniExtTypes(PyInterpreterState *interp)
 {
-    fini_static_type(interp, type, 0, final);
+    for (size_t i = _Py_MAX_MANAGED_STATIC_EXT_TYPES; i > 0; i--) {
+        if (interp->types.for_extensions.num_initialized == 0) {
+            break;
+        }
+        int64_t count = 0;
+        PyTypeObject *type = static_ext_type_lookup(interp, i-1, &count);
+        if (type == NULL) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        int final = (count == 1);
+        fini_static_type(interp, type, 0, final);
+    }
 }
 
 void
@@ -5798,7 +6030,6 @@ type_dealloc(PyObject *self)
     _PyObject_ASSERT((PyObject *)type, type->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE);
 
     _PyObject_GC_UNTRACK(type);
-
     type_dealloc_common(type);
 
     // PyObject_ClearWeakRefs() raises an exception if Py_REFCNT() != 0
@@ -5826,6 +6057,10 @@ type_dealloc(PyObject *self)
     }
     Py_XDECREF(et->ht_module);
     PyMem_Free(et->_ht_tpname);
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    assert(et->unique_id == -1);
+#endif
+    et->ht_token = NULL;
     Py_TYPE(type)->tp_free((PyObject *)type);
 }
 
@@ -6463,29 +6698,13 @@ compatible_for_assignment(PyTypeObject* oldto, PyTypeObject* newto, const char*
     return 0;
 }
 
+
+
 static int
-object_set_class(PyObject *self, PyObject *value, void *closure)
+object_set_class_world_stopped(PyObject *self, PyTypeObject *newto)
 {
     PyTypeObject *oldto = Py_TYPE(self);
 
-    if (value == NULL) {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
-                        "can't delete __class__ attribute");
-        return -1;
-    }
-    if (!PyType_Check(value)) {
-        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
-          "__class__ must be set to a class, not '%s' object",
-          Py_TYPE(value)->tp_name);
-        return -1;
-    }
-    PyTypeObject *newto = (PyTypeObject *)value;
-
-    if (PySys_Audit("object.__setattr__", "OsO",
-                    self, "__class__", value) < 0) {
-        return -1;
-    }
-
     /* In versions of CPython prior to 3.5, the code in
        compatible_for_assignment was not set up to correctly check for memory
        layout / slot / etc. compatibility for non-HEAPTYPE classes, so we just
@@ -6549,38 +6768,27 @@ object_set_class(PyObject *self, PyObject *value, void *closure)
         /* Changing the class will change the implicit dict keys,
          * so we must materialize the dictionary first. */
         if (oldto->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_INLINE_VALUES) {
-            PyDictObject *dict = _PyObject_MaterializeManagedDict(self);
+            PyDictObject *dict = _PyObject_GetManagedDict(self);
             if (dict == NULL) {
-                return -1;
+                dict = _PyObject_MaterializeManagedDict_LockHeld(self);
+                if (dict == NULL) {
+                    return -1;
+                }
             }
 
-            bool error = false;
-
-            Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION2(self, dict);
-
-            // If we raced after materialization and replaced the dict
-            // then the materialized dict should no longer have the
-            // inline values in which case detach is a nop.
-            assert(_PyObject_GetManagedDict(self) == dict ||
-                   dict->ma_values != _PyObject_InlineValues(self));
+            assert(_PyObject_GetManagedDict(self) == dict);
 
             if (_PyDict_DetachFromObject(dict, self) < 0) {
-                error = true;
-            }
-
-            Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION2();
-            if (error) {
                 return -1;
             }
+
         }
         if (newto->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE) {
             Py_INCREF(newto);
         }
+
         Py_SET_TYPE(self, newto);
-        if (oldto->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE)
-            Py_DECREF(oldto);
 
-        RARE_EVENT_INC(set_class);
         return 0;
     }
     else {
@@ -6588,6 +6796,48 @@ object_set_class(PyObject *self, PyObject *value, void *closure)
     }
 }
 
+static int
+object_set_class(PyObject *self, PyObject *value, void *closure)
+{
+
+    if (value == NULL) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "can't delete __class__ attribute");
+        return -1;
+    }
+    if (!PyType_Check(value)) {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
+          "__class__ must be set to a class, not '%s' object",
+          Py_TYPE(value)->tp_name);
+        return -1;
+    }
+    PyTypeObject *newto = (PyTypeObject *)value;
+
+    if (PySys_Audit("object.__setattr__", "OsO",
+                    self, "__class__", value) < 0) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
+    _PyEval_StopTheWorld(interp);
+#endif
+    PyTypeObject *oldto = Py_TYPE(self);
+    int res = object_set_class_world_stopped(self, newto);
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    _PyEval_StartTheWorld(interp);
+#endif
+    if (res == 0) {
+        if (oldto->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE) {
+            Py_DECREF(oldto);
+        }
+
+        RARE_EVENT_INC(set_class);
+        return 0;
+    }
+    return res;
+}
+
 static PyGetSetDef object_getsets[] = {
     {"__class__", object_get_class, object_set_class,
      PyDoc_STR("the object's class")},
@@ -6759,7 +7009,7 @@ object_getstate_default(PyObject *obj, int required)
                iterate over it */
             if (slotnames_size != PyList_GET_SIZE(slotnames)) {
                 PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeError,
-                             "__slotsname__ changed size during iteration");
+                             "__slotnames__ changed size during iteration");
                 goto error;
             }
 
@@ -7124,18 +7374,7 @@ static PyObject *
 object___reduce_ex___impl(PyObject *self, int protocol)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=2e157766f6b50094 input=f326b43fb8a4c5ff]*/
 {
-#define objreduce \
-    (_Py_INTERP_CACHED_OBJECT(_PyInterpreterState_GET(), objreduce))
-    PyObject *reduce, *res;
-
-    if (objreduce == NULL) {
-        PyObject *dict = lookup_tp_dict(&PyBaseObject_Type);
-        objreduce = PyDict_GetItemWithError(dict, &_Py_ID(__reduce__));
-        if (objreduce == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
-            return NULL;
-        }
-    }
-
+    PyObject *reduce;
     if (PyObject_GetOptionalAttr(self, &_Py_ID(__reduce__), &reduce) < 0) {
         return NULL;
     }
@@ -7149,10 +7388,12 @@ object___reduce_ex___impl(PyObject *self, int protocol)
             Py_DECREF(reduce);
             return NULL;
         }
-        override = (clsreduce != objreduce);
+
+        PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
+        override = (clsreduce != _Py_INTERP_CACHED_OBJECT(interp, objreduce));
         Py_DECREF(clsreduce);
         if (override) {
-            res = _PyObject_CallNoArgs(reduce);
+            PyObject *res = _PyObject_CallNoArgs(reduce);
             Py_DECREF(reduce);
             return res;
         }
@@ -7161,7 +7402,6 @@ object___reduce_ex___impl(PyObject *self, int protocol)
     }
 
     return _common_reduce(self, protocol);
-#undef objreduce
 }
 
 static PyObject *
@@ -7353,7 +7593,7 @@ PyTypeObject PyBaseObject_Type = {
     object_init,                                /* tp_init */
     PyType_GenericAlloc,                        /* tp_alloc */
     object_new,                                 /* tp_new */
-    PyObject_Del,                               /* tp_free */
+    PyObject_Free,                              /* tp_free */
 };
 
 
@@ -7758,7 +7998,7 @@ inherit_slots(PyTypeObject *type, PyTypeObject *base)
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int add_operators(PyTypeObject *);
+static int add_operators(PyTypeObject *type);
 static int add_tp_new_wrapper(PyTypeObject *type);
 
 #define COLLECTION_FLAGS (Py_TPFLAGS_SEQUENCE | Py_TPFLAGS_MAPPING)
@@ -8077,7 +8317,7 @@ type_ready_inherit(PyTypeObject *type)
 
     /* Sanity check for tp_free. */
     if (_PyType_IS_GC(type) && (type->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE) &&
-        (type->tp_free == NULL || type->tp_free == PyObject_Del))
+        (type->tp_free == NULL || type->tp_free == PyObject_Free))
     {
         /* This base class needs to call tp_free, but doesn't have
          * one, or its tp_free is for non-gc'ed objects.
@@ -8198,13 +8438,13 @@ type_ready_managed_dict(PyTypeObject *type)
     }
     PyHeapTypeObject* et = (PyHeapTypeObject*)type;
     if (et->ht_cached_keys == NULL) {
-        et->ht_cached_keys = _PyDict_NewKeysForClass();
+        et->ht_cached_keys = _PyDict_NewKeysForClass(et);
         if (et->ht_cached_keys == NULL) {
             PyErr_NoMemory();
             return -1;
         }
     }
-    if (type->tp_itemsize == 0 && type->tp_basicsize == sizeof(PyObject)) {
+    if (type->tp_itemsize == 0) {
         type->tp_flags |= Py_TPFLAGS_INLINE_VALUES;
     }
     return 0;
@@ -8311,7 +8551,7 @@ type_ready(PyTypeObject *type, int initial)
     }
 
     /* All done -- set the ready flag */
-    type->tp_flags = type->tp_flags | Py_TPFLAGS_READY;
+    type->tp_flags |= Py_TPFLAGS_READY;
     stop_readying(type);
 
     assert(_PyType_CheckConsistency(type));
@@ -8339,14 +8579,14 @@ PyType_Ready(PyTypeObject *type)
     }
 
     int res;
-    BEGIN_TYPE_LOCK()
+    BEGIN_TYPE_LOCK();
     if (!(type->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_READY)) {
         res = type_ready(type, 1);
     } else {
         res = 0;
         assert(_PyType_CheckConsistency(type));
     }
-    END_TYPE_LOCK()
+    END_TYPE_LOCK();
     return res;
 }
 
@@ -8367,13 +8607,12 @@ init_static_type(PyInterpreterState *interp, PyTypeObject *self,
         self->tp_flags |= Py_TPFLAGS_IMMUTABLETYPE;
 
         assert(NEXT_GLOBAL_VERSION_TAG <= _Py_MAX_GLOBAL_TYPE_VERSION_TAG);
-        self->tp_version_tag = NEXT_GLOBAL_VERSION_TAG++;
-        self->tp_flags |= Py_TPFLAGS_VALID_VERSION_TAG;
+        _PyType_SetVersion(self, NEXT_GLOBAL_VERSION_TAG++);
     }
     else {
         assert(!initial);
         assert(self->tp_flags & _Py_TPFLAGS_STATIC_BUILTIN);
-        assert(self->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_VALID_VERSION_TAG);
+        assert(self->tp_version_tag != 0);
     }
 
     managed_static_type_state_init(interp, self, isbuiltin, initial);
@@ -8381,7 +8620,7 @@ init_static_type(PyInterpreterState *interp, PyTypeObject *self,
     int res;
     BEGIN_TYPE_LOCK();
     res = type_ready(self, initial);
-    END_TYPE_LOCK()
+    END_TYPE_LOCK();
     if (res < 0) {
         _PyStaticType_ClearWeakRefs(interp, self);
         managed_static_type_state_clear(interp, self, isbuiltin, initial);
@@ -8537,6 +8776,27 @@ check_num_args(PyObject *ob, int n)
     return 0;
 }
 
+static Py_ssize_t
+check_pow_args(PyObject *ob)
+{
+    // Returns the argument count on success or `-1` on error.
+    int min = 1;
+    int max = 2;
+    if (!PyTuple_CheckExact(ob)) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SystemError,
+            "PyArg_UnpackTuple() argument list is not a tuple");
+        return -1;
+    }
+    Py_ssize_t size = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(ob);
+    if (size >= min && size <= max) {
+        return size;
+    }
+    PyErr_Format(
+        PyExc_TypeError,
+        "expected %d or %d arguments, got %zd", min, max, PyTuple_GET_SIZE(ob));
+    return -1;
+}
+
 /* Generic wrappers for overloadable 'operators' such as __getitem__ */
 
 /* There's a wrapper *function* for each distinct function typedef used
@@ -8618,8 +8878,15 @@ wrap_ternaryfunc(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, void *wrapped)
 
     /* Note: This wrapper only works for __pow__() */
 
-    if (!PyArg_UnpackTuple(args, "", 1, 2, &other, &third))
+    Py_ssize_t size = check_pow_args(args);
+    if (size == -1) {
         return NULL;
+    }
+    other = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args, 0);
+    if (size == 2) {
+       third = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args, 1);
+    }
+
     return (*func)(self, other, third);
 }
 
@@ -8630,10 +8897,17 @@ wrap_ternaryfunc_r(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, void *wrapped)
     PyObject *other;
     PyObject *third = Py_None;
 
-    /* Note: This wrapper only works for __pow__() */
+    /* Note: This wrapper only works for __rpow__() */
 
-    if (!PyArg_UnpackTuple(args, "", 1, 2, &other, &third))
+    Py_ssize_t size = check_pow_args(args);
+    if (size == -1) {
         return NULL;
+    }
+    other = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args, 0);
+    if (size == 2) {
+       third = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args, 1);
+    }
+
     return (*func)(other, self, third);
 }
 
@@ -8654,8 +8928,9 @@ wrap_indexargfunc(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, void *wrapped)
     PyObject* o;
     Py_ssize_t i;
 
-    if (!PyArg_UnpackTuple(args, "", 1, 1, &o))
+    if (!check_num_args(args, 1))
         return NULL;
+    o = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args, 0);
     i = PyNumber_AsSsize_t(o, PyExc_OverflowError);
     if (i == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())
         return NULL;
@@ -8711,7 +8986,7 @@ wrap_sq_setitem(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, void *wrapped)
     int res;
     PyObject *arg, *value;
 
-    if (!PyArg_UnpackTuple(args, "", 2, 2, &arg, &value))
+    if (!PyArg_UnpackTuple(args, "__setitem__", 2, 2, &arg, &value))
         return NULL;
     i = getindex(self, arg);
     if (i == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())
@@ -8767,7 +9042,7 @@ wrap_objobjargproc(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, void *wrapped)
     int res;
     PyObject *key, *value;
 
-    if (!PyArg_UnpackTuple(args, "", 2, 2, &key, &value))
+    if (!PyArg_UnpackTuple(args, "__setitem__", 2, 2, &key, &value))
         return NULL;
     res = (*func)(self, key, value);
     if (res == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())
@@ -8853,7 +9128,7 @@ hackcheck(PyObject *self, setattrofunc func, const char *what)
     int res;
     BEGIN_TYPE_LOCK();
     res = hackcheck_unlocked(self, func, what);
-    END_TYPE_LOCK()
+    END_TYPE_LOCK();
     return res;
 }
 
@@ -8864,7 +9139,7 @@ wrap_setattr(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, void *wrapped)
     int res;
     PyObject *name, *value;
 
-    if (!PyArg_UnpackTuple(args, "", 2, 2, &name, &value))
+    if (!PyArg_UnpackTuple(args, "__setattr__", 2, 2, &name, &value))
         return NULL;
     if (!hackcheck(self, func, "__setattr__"))
         return NULL;
@@ -8974,7 +9249,7 @@ wrap_descr_get(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, void *wrapped)
     PyObject *obj;
     PyObject *type = NULL;
 
-    if (!PyArg_UnpackTuple(args, "", 1, 2, &obj, &type))
+    if (!PyArg_UnpackTuple(args, "__get__", 1, 2, &obj, &type))
         return NULL;
     if (obj == Py_None)
         obj = NULL;
@@ -8995,7 +9270,7 @@ wrap_descr_set(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, void *wrapped)
     PyObject *obj, *value;
     int ret;
 
-    if (!PyArg_UnpackTuple(args, "", 2, 2, &obj, &value))
+    if (!PyArg_UnpackTuple(args, "__set__", 2, 2, &obj, &value))
         return NULL;
     ret = (*func)(self, obj, value);
     if (ret < 0)
@@ -9024,7 +9299,7 @@ wrap_buffer(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, void *wrapped)
 {
     PyObject *arg = NULL;
 
-    if (!PyArg_UnpackTuple(args, "", 1, 1, &arg)) {
+    if (!PyArg_UnpackTuple(args, "__buffer__", 1, 1, &arg)) {
         return NULL;
     }
     Py_ssize_t flags = PyNumber_AsSsize_t(arg, PyExc_OverflowError);
@@ -9045,7 +9320,7 @@ static PyObject *
 wrap_releasebuffer(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, void *wrapped)
 {
     PyObject *arg = NULL;
-    if (!PyArg_UnpackTuple(args, "", 1, 1, &arg)) {
+    if (!PyArg_UnpackTuple(args, "__release_buffer__", 1, 1, &arg)) {
         return NULL;
     }
     if (!PyMemoryView_Check(arg)) {
@@ -10782,14 +11057,14 @@ fixup_slot_dispatchers(PyTypeObject *type)
     // This lock isn't strictly necessary because the type has not been
     // exposed to anyone else yet, but update_ont_slot calls find_name_in_mro
     // where we'd like to assert that the type is locked.
-    BEGIN_TYPE_LOCK()
+    BEGIN_TYPE_LOCK();
 
     assert(!PyErr_Occurred());
     for (pytype_slotdef *p = slotdefs; p->name; ) {
         p = update_one_slot(type, p);
     }
 
-    END_TYPE_LOCK()
+    END_TYPE_LOCK();
 }
 
 static void
@@ -10809,6 +11084,24 @@ update_all_slots(PyTypeObject* type)
 }
 
 
+PyObject *
+_PyType_GetSlotWrapperNames(void)
+{
+    size_t len = Py_ARRAY_LENGTH(slotdefs) - 1;
+    PyObject *names = PyList_New(len);
+    if (names == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    assert(slotdefs[len].name == NULL);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+        pytype_slotdef *slotdef = &slotdefs[i];
+        assert(slotdef->name != NULL);
+        PyList_SET_ITEM(names, i, Py_NewRef(slotdef->name_strobj));
+    }
+    return names;
+}
+
+
 /* Call __set_name__ on all attributes (including descriptors)
   in a newly generated type */
 static int
@@ -10942,6 +11235,26 @@ recurse_down_subclasses(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *attr_name,
     return 0;
 }
 
+static int
+slot_inherited(PyTypeObject *type, pytype_slotdef *slotdef, void **slot)
+{
+    void **slot_base = slotptr(type->tp_base, slotdef->offset);
+    if (slot_base == NULL || *slot != *slot_base) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    /* Some slots are inherited in pairs. */
+    if (slot == (void *)&type->tp_hash) {
+        return (type->tp_richcompare == type->tp_base->tp_richcompare);
+    }
+    else if (slot == (void *)&type->tp_richcompare) {
+        return (type->tp_hash == type->tp_base->tp_hash);
+    }
+
+    /* It must be inherited (see type_ready_inherit()). */
+    return 1;
+}
+
 /* This function is called by PyType_Ready() to populate the type's
    dictionary with method descriptors for function slots.  For each
    function slot (like tp_repr) that's defined in the type, one or more
@@ -10986,6 +11299,13 @@ add_operators(PyTypeObject *type)
         ptr = slotptr(type, p->offset);
         if (!ptr || !*ptr)
             continue;
+        /* Also ignore when the type slot has been inherited. */
+        if (type->tp_flags & _Py_TPFLAGS_STATIC_BUILTIN
+            && type->tp_base != NULL
+            && slot_inherited(type, p, ptr))
+        {
+            continue;
+        }
         int r = PyDict_Contains(dict, p->name_strobj);
         if (r > 0)
             continue;
@@ -11014,6 +11334,30 @@ add_operators(PyTypeObject *type)
 }
 
 
+int
+PyType_Freeze(PyTypeObject *type)
+{
+    // gh-121654: Check the __mro__ instead of __bases__
+    PyObject *mro = type_get_mro(type, NULL);
+    if (!PyTuple_Check(mro)) {
+        Py_DECREF(mro);
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "unable to get the type MRO");
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    int check = check_immutable_bases(type->tp_name, mro, 1);
+    Py_DECREF(mro);
+    if (check < 0) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    type->tp_flags |= Py_TPFLAGS_IMMUTABLETYPE;
+    PyType_Modified(type);
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
 /* Cooperative 'super' */
 
 typedef struct {
@@ -11078,7 +11422,7 @@ _super_lookup_descr(PyTypeObject *su_type, PyTypeObject *su_obj_type, PyObject *
        another thread can modify it after we end the critical section
        below  */
     Py_XINCREF(mro);
-    END_TYPE_LOCK()
+    END_TYPE_LOCK();
 
     if (mro == NULL)
         return NULL;
@@ -11304,7 +11648,7 @@ super_init_without_args(_PyInterpreterFrame *cframe, PyCodeObject *co,
     }
 
     assert(_PyFrame_GetCode(cframe)->co_nlocalsplus > 0);
-    PyObject *firstarg = _PyFrame_GetLocalsArray(cframe)[0];
+    PyObject *firstarg = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(_PyFrame_GetLocalsArray(cframe)[0]);
     // The first argument might be a cell.
     if (firstarg != NULL && (_PyLocals_GetKind(co->co_localspluskinds, 0) & CO_FAST_CELL)) {
         // "firstarg" is a cell here unless (very unlikely) super()
@@ -11332,7 +11676,7 @@ super_init_without_args(_PyInterpreterFrame *cframe, PyCodeObject *co,
         PyObject *name = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(co->co_localsplusnames, i);
         assert(PyUnicode_Check(name));
         if (_PyUnicode_Equal(name, &_Py_ID(__class__))) {
-            PyObject *cell = _PyFrame_GetLocalsArray(cframe)[i];
+            PyObject *cell = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(_PyFrame_GetLocalsArray(cframe)[i]);
             if (cell == NULL || !PyCell_Check(cell)) {
                 PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError,
                   "super(): bad __class__ cell");
diff --git a/Objects/typeslots.inc b/Objects/typeslots.inc
index 896daa7d8066b7..642160fe0bd8bc 100644
--- a/Objects/typeslots.inc
+++ b/Objects/typeslots.inc
@@ -80,3 +80,5 @@
 {offsetof(PyAsyncMethods, am_anext), offsetof(PyTypeObject, tp_as_async)},
 {-1, offsetof(PyTypeObject, tp_finalize)},
 {offsetof(PyAsyncMethods, am_send), offsetof(PyTypeObject, tp_as_async)},
+{-1, offsetof(PyTypeObject, tp_vectorcall)},
+{-1, offsetof(PyHeapTypeObject, ht_token)},
diff --git a/Objects/typeslots.py b/Objects/typeslots.py
index 8ab05f91be12b0..c7f8a33bb1e74e 100755
--- a/Objects/typeslots.py
+++ b/Objects/typeslots.py
@@ -13,7 +13,11 @@ def generate_typeslots(out=sys.stdout):
             continue
 
         member = m.group(1)
-        if member.startswith("tp_"):
+        if member == "tp_token":
+            # The heap type structure (ht_*) is an implementation detail;
+            # the public slot for it has a familiar `tp_` prefix
+            member = '{-1, offsetof(PyHeapTypeObject, ht_token)}'
+        elif member.startswith("tp_"):
             member = f'{{-1, offsetof(PyTypeObject, {member})}}'
         elif member.startswith("am_"):
             member = (f'{{offsetof(PyAsyncMethods, {member}),'+
diff --git a/Objects/typevarobject.c b/Objects/typevarobject.c
index c8ab14053de418..91cc37c9a72636 100644
--- a/Objects/typevarobject.c
+++ b/Objects/typevarobject.c
@@ -116,6 +116,204 @@ PyTypeObject _PyNoDefault_Type = {
 
 PyObject _Py_NoDefaultStruct = _PyObject_HEAD_INIT(&_PyNoDefault_Type);
 
+typedef struct {
+    PyObject_HEAD
+    PyObject *value;
+} constevaluatorobject;
+
+static void
+constevaluator_dealloc(PyObject *self)
+{
+    PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(self);
+    constevaluatorobject *ce = (constevaluatorobject *)self;
+
+    _PyObject_GC_UNTRACK(self);
+
+    Py_XDECREF(ce->value);
+
+    Py_TYPE(self)->tp_free(self);
+    Py_DECREF(tp);
+}
+
+static int
+constevaluator_traverse(PyObject *self, visitproc visit, void *arg)
+{
+    constevaluatorobject *ce = (constevaluatorobject *)self;
+    Py_VISIT(ce->value);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+constevaluator_clear(PyObject *self)
+{
+    Py_CLEAR(((constevaluatorobject *)self)->value);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+constevaluator_repr(PyObject *self)
+{
+    PyObject *value = ((constevaluatorobject *)self)->value;
+    return PyUnicode_FromFormat("<constevaluator %R>", value);
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+constevaluator_call(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
+{
+    if (!_PyArg_NoKeywords("constevaluator.__call__", kwargs)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    int format;
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "i:constevaluator.__call__", &format)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    PyObject *value = ((constevaluatorobject *)self)->value;
+    if (format == 3) { // STRING
+        PyUnicodeWriter *writer = PyUnicodeWriter_Create(5);  // cannot be <5
+        if (writer == NULL) {
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        if (PyTuple_Check(value)) {
+            if (PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar(writer, '(') < 0) {
+                PyUnicodeWriter_Discard(writer);
+                return NULL;
+            }
+            for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < PyTuple_GET_SIZE(value); i++) {
+                PyObject *item = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(value, i);
+                if (i > 0) {
+                    if (PyUnicodeWriter_WriteUTF8(writer, ", ", 2) < 0) {
+                        PyUnicodeWriter_Discard(writer);
+                        return NULL;
+                    }
+                }
+                if (_Py_typing_type_repr(writer, item) < 0) {
+                    PyUnicodeWriter_Discard(writer);
+                    return NULL;
+                }
+            }
+            if (PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar(writer, ')') < 0) {
+                PyUnicodeWriter_Discard(writer);
+                return NULL;
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            if (_Py_typing_type_repr(writer, value) < 0) {
+                PyUnicodeWriter_Discard(writer);
+                return NULL;
+            }
+        }
+        return PyUnicodeWriter_Finish(writer);
+    }
+    return Py_NewRef(value);
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+constevaluator_alloc(PyObject *value)
+{
+    PyTypeObject *tp = _PyInterpreterState_GET()->cached_objects.constevaluator_type;
+    assert(tp != NULL);
+    constevaluatorobject *ce = PyObject_GC_New(constevaluatorobject, tp);
+    if (ce == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    ce->value = Py_NewRef(value);
+    _PyObject_GC_TRACK(ce);
+    return (PyObject *)ce;
+
+}
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR(constevaluator_doc,
+"_ConstEvaluator()\n"
+"--\n\n"
+"Internal type for implementing evaluation functions.");
+
+static PyType_Slot constevaluator_slots[] = {
+    {Py_tp_doc, (void *)constevaluator_doc},
+    {Py_tp_dealloc, constevaluator_dealloc},
+    {Py_tp_traverse, constevaluator_traverse},
+    {Py_tp_clear, constevaluator_clear},
+    {Py_tp_repr, constevaluator_repr},
+    {Py_tp_call, constevaluator_call},
+    {Py_tp_alloc, PyType_GenericAlloc},
+    {Py_tp_free, PyObject_GC_Del},
+    {0, NULL},
+};
+
+PyType_Spec constevaluator_spec = {
+    .name = "_typing._ConstEvaluator",
+    .basicsize = sizeof(constevaluatorobject),
+    .flags = Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC | Py_TPFLAGS_IMMUTABLETYPE
+        | Py_TPFLAGS_DISALLOW_INSTANTIATION,
+    .slots = constevaluator_slots,
+};
+
+int
+_Py_typing_type_repr(PyUnicodeWriter *writer, PyObject *p)
+{
+    PyObject *qualname = NULL;
+    PyObject *module = NULL;
+    PyObject *r = NULL;
+    int rc;
+
+    if (p == Py_Ellipsis) {
+        // The Ellipsis object
+        r = PyUnicode_FromString("...");
+        goto exit;
+    }
+
+    if (p == (PyObject *)&_PyNone_Type) {
+        return PyUnicodeWriter_WriteUTF8(writer, "None", 4);
+    }
+
+    if ((rc = PyObject_HasAttrWithError(p, &_Py_ID(__origin__))) > 0 &&
+        (rc = PyObject_HasAttrWithError(p, &_Py_ID(__args__))) > 0)
+    {
+        // It looks like a GenericAlias
+        goto use_repr;
+    }
+    if (rc < 0) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+
+    if (PyObject_GetOptionalAttr(p, &_Py_ID(__qualname__), &qualname) < 0) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (qualname == NULL) {
+        goto use_repr;
+    }
+    if (PyObject_GetOptionalAttr(p, &_Py_ID(__module__), &module) < 0) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (module == NULL || module == Py_None) {
+        goto use_repr;
+    }
+
+    // Looks like a class
+    if (PyUnicode_Check(module) &&
+        _PyUnicode_EqualToASCIIString(module, "builtins"))
+    {
+        // builtins don't need a module name
+        r = PyObject_Str(qualname);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    else {
+        r = PyUnicode_FromFormat("%S.%S", module, qualname);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+
+use_repr:
+    r = PyObject_Repr(p);
+exit:
+    Py_XDECREF(qualname);
+    Py_XDECREF(module);
+    if (r == NULL) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    rc = PyUnicodeWriter_WriteStr(writer, r);
+    Py_DECREF(r);
+    return rc;
+}
+
 
 static PyObject *
 call_typing_func_object(const char *name, PyObject **args, size_t nargs)
@@ -175,10 +373,10 @@ caller(void)
     if (f == NULL) {
         Py_RETURN_NONE;
     }
-    if (f == NULL || f->f_funcobj == NULL) {
+    if (f == NULL || PyStackRef_IsNull(f->f_funcobj)) {
         Py_RETURN_NONE;
     }
-    PyObject *r = PyFunction_GetModule(f->f_funcobj);
+    PyObject *r = PyFunction_GetModule(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(f->f_funcobj));
     if (!r) {
         PyErr_Clear();
         Py_RETURN_NONE;
@@ -364,10 +562,49 @@ typevar_constraints(typevarobject *self, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
     return constraints;
 }
 
+static PyObject *
+typevar_evaluate_bound(typevarobject *self, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
+{
+    if (self->evaluate_bound != NULL) {
+        return Py_NewRef(self->evaluate_bound);
+    }
+    if (self->bound != NULL) {
+        return constevaluator_alloc(self->bound);
+    }
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+typevar_evaluate_constraints(typevarobject *self, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
+{
+    if (self->evaluate_constraints != NULL) {
+        return Py_NewRef(self->evaluate_constraints);
+    }
+    if (self->constraints != NULL) {
+        return constevaluator_alloc(self->constraints);
+    }
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+typevar_evaluate_default(typevarobject *self, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
+{
+    if (self->evaluate_default != NULL) {
+        return Py_NewRef(self->evaluate_default);
+    }
+    if (self->default_value != NULL) {
+        return constevaluator_alloc(self->default_value);
+    }
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
+}
+
 static PyGetSetDef typevar_getset[] = {
     {"__bound__", (getter)typevar_bound, NULL, NULL, NULL},
     {"__constraints__", (getter)typevar_constraints, NULL, NULL, NULL},
     {"__default__", (getter)typevar_default, NULL, NULL, NULL},
+    {"evaluate_bound", (getter)typevar_evaluate_bound, NULL, NULL, NULL},
+    {"evaluate_constraints", (getter)typevar_evaluate_constraints, NULL, NULL, NULL},
+    {"evaluate_default", (getter)typevar_evaluate_default, NULL, NULL, NULL},
     {0}
 };
 
@@ -995,10 +1232,23 @@ paramspec_default(paramspecobject *self, void *unused)
     return default_value;
 }
 
+static PyObject *
+paramspec_evaluate_default(paramspecobject *self, void *unused)
+{
+    if (self->evaluate_default != NULL) {
+        return Py_NewRef(self->evaluate_default);
+    }
+    if (self->default_value != NULL) {
+        return constevaluator_alloc(self->default_value);
+    }
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
+}
+
 static PyGetSetDef paramspec_getset[] = {
     {"args", (getter)paramspec_args, NULL, PyDoc_STR("Represents positional arguments."), NULL},
     {"kwargs", (getter)paramspec_kwargs, NULL, PyDoc_STR("Represents keyword arguments."), NULL},
     {"__default__", (getter)paramspec_default, NULL, "The default value for this ParamSpec.", NULL},
+    {"evaluate_default", (getter)paramspec_evaluate_default, NULL, NULL, NULL},
     {0},
 };
 
@@ -1437,8 +1687,21 @@ typevartuple_default(typevartupleobject *self, void *unused)
     return default_value;
 }
 
+static PyObject *
+typevartuple_evaluate_default(typevartupleobject *self, void *unused)
+{
+    if (self->evaluate_default != NULL) {
+        return Py_NewRef(self->evaluate_default);
+    }
+    if (self->default_value != NULL) {
+        return constevaluator_alloc(self->default_value);
+    }
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
+}
+
 static PyGetSetDef typevartuple_getset[] = {
     {"__default__", (getter)typevartuple_default, NULL, "The default value for this TypeVarTuple.", NULL},
+    {"evaluate_default", (getter)typevartuple_evaluate_default, NULL, NULL, NULL},
     {0},
 };
 
@@ -1536,6 +1799,24 @@ _Py_make_typevartuple(PyThreadState *Py_UNUSED(ignored), PyObject *v)
     return (PyObject *)typevartuple_alloc(v, NULL, NULL);
 }
 
+static PyObject *
+get_type_param_default(PyThreadState *ts, PyObject *typeparam) {
+    // Does not modify refcount of existing objects.
+    if (Py_IS_TYPE(typeparam, ts->interp->cached_objects.typevar_type)) {
+        return typevar_default((typevarobject *)typeparam, NULL);
+    }
+    else if (Py_IS_TYPE(typeparam, ts->interp->cached_objects.paramspec_type)) {
+        return paramspec_default((paramspecobject *)typeparam, NULL);
+    }
+    else if (Py_IS_TYPE(typeparam, ts->interp->cached_objects.typevartuple_type)) {
+        return typevartuple_default((typevartupleobject *)typeparam, NULL);
+    }
+    else {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "Expected a type param, got %R", typeparam);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+}
+
 static void
 typealias_dealloc(PyObject *self)
 {
@@ -1584,6 +1865,17 @@ typealias_value(PyObject *self, void *unused)
     return typealias_get_value(ta);
 }
 
+static PyObject *
+typealias_evaluate_value(PyObject *self, void *unused)
+{
+    typealiasobject *ta = (typealiasobject *)self;
+    if (ta->compute_value != NULL) {
+        return Py_NewRef(ta->compute_value);
+    }
+    assert(ta->value != NULL);
+    return constevaluator_alloc(ta->value);
+}
+
 static PyObject *
 typealias_parameters(PyObject *self, void *unused)
 {
@@ -1627,10 +1919,70 @@ static PyGetSetDef typealias_getset[] = {
     {"__parameters__", typealias_parameters, (setter)NULL, NULL, NULL},
     {"__type_params__", typealias_type_params, (setter)NULL, NULL, NULL},
     {"__value__", typealias_value, (setter)NULL, NULL, NULL},
+    {"evaluate_value", typealias_evaluate_value, (setter)NULL, NULL, NULL},
     {"__module__", typealias_module, (setter)NULL, NULL, NULL},
     {0}
 };
 
+static PyObject *
+typealias_check_type_params(PyObject *type_params, int *err) {
+    // Can return type_params or NULL without exception set.
+    // Does not change the reference count of type_params,
+    // sets `*err` to 1 when error happens and sets an exception,
+    // otherwise `*err` is set to 0.
+    *err = 0;
+    if (type_params == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    assert(PyTuple_Check(type_params));
+    Py_ssize_t length = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(type_params);
+    if (!length) {  // 0-length tuples are the same as `NULL`.
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    PyThreadState *ts = _PyThreadState_GET();
+    int default_seen = 0;
+    for (Py_ssize_t index = 0; index < length; index++) {
+        PyObject *type_param = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(type_params, index);
+        PyObject *dflt = get_type_param_default(ts, type_param);
+        if (dflt == NULL) {
+            *err = 1;
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        if (dflt == &_Py_NoDefaultStruct) {
+            if (default_seen) {
+                *err = 1;
+                PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
+                                "non-default type parameter '%R' "
+                                "follows default type parameter",
+                                type_param);
+                return NULL;
+            }
+        } else {
+            default_seen = 1;
+            Py_DECREF(dflt);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return type_params;
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+typelias_convert_type_params(PyObject *type_params)
+{
+    if (
+        type_params == NULL
+        || Py_IsNone(type_params)
+        || (PyTuple_Check(type_params) && PyTuple_GET_SIZE(type_params) == 0)
+    ) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    else {
+        return type_params;
+    }
+}
+
 static typealiasobject *
 typealias_alloc(PyObject *name, PyObject *type_params, PyObject *compute_value,
                 PyObject *value, PyObject *module)
@@ -1640,7 +1992,7 @@ typealias_alloc(PyObject *name, PyObject *type_params, PyObject *compute_value,
         return NULL;
     }
     ta->name = Py_NewRef(name);
-    ta->type_params = Py_IsNone(type_params) ? NULL : Py_XNewRef(type_params);
+    ta->type_params = Py_XNewRef(type_params);
     ta->compute_value = Py_XNewRef(compute_value);
     ta->value = Py_XNewRef(value);
     ta->module = Py_XNewRef(module);
@@ -1718,11 +2070,18 @@ typealias_new_impl(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *name, PyObject *value,
         PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "type_params must be a tuple");
         return NULL;
     }
+
+    int err = 0;
+    PyObject *checked_params = typealias_check_type_params(type_params, &err);
+    if (err) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
     PyObject *module = caller();
     if (module == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
-    PyObject *ta = (PyObject *)typealias_alloc(name, type_params, NULL, value,
+    PyObject *ta = (PyObject *)typealias_alloc(name, checked_params, NULL, value,
                                                module);
     Py_DECREF(module);
     return ta;
@@ -1788,7 +2147,7 @@ _Py_make_typealias(PyThreadState* unused, PyObject *args)
     assert(PyTuple_GET_SIZE(args) == 3);
     PyObject *name = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args, 0);
     assert(PyUnicode_Check(name));
-    PyObject *type_params = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args, 1);
+    PyObject *type_params = typelias_convert_type_params(PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args, 1));
     PyObject *compute_value = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args, 2);
     assert(PyFunction_Check(compute_value));
     return (PyObject *)typealias_alloc(name, type_params, compute_value, NULL, NULL);
@@ -1952,6 +2311,7 @@ int _Py_initialize_generic(PyInterpreterState *interp)
     MAKE_TYPE(paramspec);
     MAKE_TYPE(paramspecargs);
     MAKE_TYPE(paramspeckwargs);
+    MAKE_TYPE(constevaluator);
 #undef MAKE_TYPE
     return 0;
 }
@@ -1964,6 +2324,7 @@ void _Py_clear_generic_types(PyInterpreterState *interp)
     Py_CLEAR(interp->cached_objects.paramspec_type);
     Py_CLEAR(interp->cached_objects.paramspecargs_type);
     Py_CLEAR(interp->cached_objects.paramspeckwargs_type);
+    Py_CLEAR(interp->cached_objects.constevaluator_type);
 }
 
 PyObject *
diff --git a/Objects/unicodeobject.c b/Objects/unicodeobject.c
index 15de327b3389cc..2dbed605e0caa0 100644
--- a/Objects/unicodeobject.c
+++ b/Objects/unicodeobject.c
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
 #include "pycore_codecs.h"        // _PyCodec_Lookup()
 #include "pycore_critical_section.h" // Py_*_CRITICAL_SECTION_SEQUENCE_FAST
 #include "pycore_format.h"        // F_LJUST
+#include "pycore_freelist.h"      // _Py_FREELIST_FREE(), _Py_FREELIST_POP()
 #include "pycore_initconfig.h"    // _PyStatus_OK()
 #include "pycore_interp.h"        // PyInterpreterState.fs_codec
 #include "pycore_long.h"          // _PyLong_FormatWriter()
@@ -177,10 +178,7 @@ NOTE: In the interpreter's initialization phase, some globals are currently
             *_to++ = (to_type) *_iter++;                \
     } while (0)
 
-#define LATIN1(ch)  \
-    (ch < 128 \
-     ? (PyObject*)&_Py_SINGLETON(strings).ascii[ch] \
-     : (PyObject*)&_Py_SINGLETON(strings).latin1[ch - 128])
+#define LATIN1 _Py_LATIN1_CHR
 
 #ifdef MS_WINDOWS
    /* On Windows, overallocate by 50% is the best factor */
@@ -220,18 +218,20 @@ static inline PyObject* unicode_get_empty(void)
     return &_Py_STR(empty);
 }
 
-/* This dictionary holds all interned unicode strings.  Note that references
-   to strings in this dictionary are *not* counted in the string's ob_refcnt.
-   When the interned string reaches a refcnt of 0 the string deallocation
-   function will delete the reference from this dictionary.
-*/
+/* This dictionary holds per-interpreter interned strings.
+ * See InternalDocs/string_interning.md for details.
+ */
 static inline PyObject *get_interned_dict(PyInterpreterState *interp)
 {
     return _Py_INTERP_CACHED_OBJECT(interp, interned_strings);
 }
 
+/* This hashtable holds statically allocated interned strings.
+ * See InternalDocs/string_interning.md for details.
+ */
 #define INTERNED_STRINGS _PyRuntime.cached_objects.interned_strings
 
+/* Get number of all interned strings for the current interpreter. */
 Py_ssize_t
 _PyUnicode_InternedSize(void)
 {
@@ -239,8 +239,29 @@ _PyUnicode_InternedSize(void)
     return _Py_hashtable_len(INTERNED_STRINGS) + PyDict_GET_SIZE(dict);
 }
 
+/* Get number of immortal interned strings for the current interpreter. */
+Py_ssize_t
+_PyUnicode_InternedSize_Immortal(void)
+{
+    PyObject *dict = get_interned_dict(_PyInterpreterState_GET());
+    PyObject *key, *value;
+    Py_ssize_t pos = 0;
+    Py_ssize_t count = 0;
+
+    // It's tempting to keep a count and avoid a loop here. But, this function
+    // is intended for refleak tests. It spends extra work to report the true
+    // value, to help detect bugs in optimizations.
+
+    while (PyDict_Next(dict, &pos, &key, &value)) {
+        assert(PyUnicode_CHECK_INTERNED(key) != SSTATE_INTERNED_IMMORTAL_STATIC);
+        if (PyUnicode_CHECK_INTERNED(key) == SSTATE_INTERNED_IMMORTAL) {
+           count++;
+       }
+    }
+    return _Py_hashtable_len(INTERNED_STRINGS) + count;
+}
+
 static Py_hash_t unicode_hash(PyObject *);
-static int unicode_compare_eq(PyObject *, PyObject *);
 
 static Py_uhash_t
 hashtable_unicode_hash(const void *key)
@@ -254,35 +275,45 @@ hashtable_unicode_compare(const void *key1, const void *key2)
     PyObject *obj1 = (PyObject *)key1;
     PyObject *obj2 = (PyObject *)key2;
     if (obj1 != NULL && obj2 != NULL) {
-        return unicode_compare_eq(obj1, obj2);
+        return unicode_eq(obj1, obj2);
     }
     else {
         return obj1 == obj2;
     }
 }
 
+/* Return true if this interpreter should share the main interpreter's
+   intern_dict.  That's important for interpreters which load basic
+   single-phase init extension modules (m_size == -1).  There could be interned
+   immortal strings that are shared between interpreters, due to the
+   PyDict_Update(mdict, m_copy) call in import_find_extension().
+
+   It's not safe to deallocate those strings until all interpreters that
+   potentially use them are freed.  By storing them in the main interpreter, we
+   ensure they get freed after all other interpreters are freed.
+*/
+static bool
+has_shared_intern_dict(PyInterpreterState *interp)
+{
+    PyInterpreterState *main_interp = _PyInterpreterState_Main();
+    return interp != main_interp  && interp->feature_flags & Py_RTFLAGS_USE_MAIN_OBMALLOC;
+}
+
 static int
 init_interned_dict(PyInterpreterState *interp)
 {
-    if (_Py_IsMainInterpreter(interp)) {
-        assert(INTERNED_STRINGS == NULL);
-        _Py_hashtable_allocator_t hashtable_alloc = {PyMem_RawMalloc, PyMem_RawFree};
-        INTERNED_STRINGS = _Py_hashtable_new_full(
-            hashtable_unicode_hash,
-            hashtable_unicode_compare,
-            NULL,
-            NULL,
-            &hashtable_alloc
-        );
-        if (INTERNED_STRINGS == NULL) {
+    assert(get_interned_dict(interp) == NULL);
+    PyObject *interned;
+    if (has_shared_intern_dict(interp)) {
+        interned = get_interned_dict(_PyInterpreterState_Main());
+        Py_INCREF(interned);
+    }
+    else {
+        interned = PyDict_New();
+        if (interned == NULL) {
             return -1;
         }
     }
-    assert(get_interned_dict(interp) == NULL);
-    PyObject *interned = interned = PyDict_New();
-    if (interned == NULL) {
-        return -1;
-    }
     _Py_INTERP_CACHED_OBJECT(interp, interned_strings) = interned;
     return 0;
 }
@@ -292,11 +323,62 @@ clear_interned_dict(PyInterpreterState *interp)
 {
     PyObject *interned = get_interned_dict(interp);
     if (interned != NULL) {
-        PyDict_Clear(interned);
+        if (!has_shared_intern_dict(interp)) {
+            // only clear if the dict belongs to this interpreter
+            PyDict_Clear(interned);
+        }
         Py_DECREF(interned);
         _Py_INTERP_CACHED_OBJECT(interp, interned_strings) = NULL;
     }
-    if (_Py_IsMainInterpreter(interp) && INTERNED_STRINGS != NULL) {
+}
+
+static PyStatus
+init_global_interned_strings(PyInterpreterState *interp)
+{
+    assert(INTERNED_STRINGS == NULL);
+    _Py_hashtable_allocator_t hashtable_alloc = {PyMem_RawMalloc, PyMem_RawFree};
+
+    INTERNED_STRINGS = _Py_hashtable_new_full(
+        hashtable_unicode_hash,
+        hashtable_unicode_compare,
+        // Objects stored here are immortal and statically allocated,
+        // so we don't need key_destroy_func & value_destroy_func:
+        NULL,
+        NULL,
+        &hashtable_alloc
+    );
+    if (INTERNED_STRINGS == NULL) {
+        PyErr_Clear();
+        return _PyStatus_ERR("failed to create global interned dict");
+    }
+
+    /* Intern statically allocated string identifiers, deepfreeze strings,
+        * and one-byte latin-1 strings.
+        * This must be done before any module initialization so that statically
+        * allocated string identifiers are used instead of heap allocated strings.
+        * Deepfreeze uses the interned identifiers if present to save space
+        * else generates them and they are interned to speed up dict lookups.
+    */
+    _PyUnicode_InitStaticStrings(interp);
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
+        PyObject *s = LATIN1(i);
+        _PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &s);
+        assert(s == LATIN1(i));
+    }
+#ifdef Py_DEBUG
+    assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(&_Py_STR(empty), 1));
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
+        assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(LATIN1(i), 1));
+    }
+#endif
+    return _PyStatus_OK();
+}
+
+static void clear_global_interned_strings(void)
+{
+    if (INTERNED_STRINGS != NULL) {
         _Py_hashtable_destroy(INTERNED_STRINGS);
         INTERNED_STRINGS = NULL;
     }
@@ -629,6 +711,41 @@ _PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(PyObject *op, int check_content)
         }
         CHECK(PyUnicode_READ(kind, data, ascii->length) == 0);
     }
+
+    /* Check interning state */
+#ifdef Py_DEBUG
+    // Note that we do not check `_Py_IsImmortal(op)`, since stable ABI
+    // extensions can make immortal strings mortal (but with a high enough
+    // refcount).
+    // The other way is extremely unlikely (worth a potential failed assertion
+    // in a debug build), so we do check `!_Py_IsImmortal(op)`.
+    switch (PyUnicode_CHECK_INTERNED(op)) {
+        case SSTATE_NOT_INTERNED:
+            if (ascii->state.statically_allocated) {
+                // This state is for two exceptions:
+                // - strings are currently checked before they're interned
+                // - the 256 one-latin1-character strings
+                //   are static but use SSTATE_NOT_INTERNED
+            }
+            else {
+                CHECK(!_Py_IsImmortal(op));
+            }
+            break;
+        case SSTATE_INTERNED_MORTAL:
+            CHECK(!ascii->state.statically_allocated);
+            CHECK(!_Py_IsImmortal(op));
+            break;
+        case SSTATE_INTERNED_IMMORTAL:
+            CHECK(!ascii->state.statically_allocated);
+            break;
+        case SSTATE_INTERNED_IMMORTAL_STATIC:
+            CHECK(ascii->state.statically_allocated);
+            break;
+        default:
+            Py_UNREACHABLE();
+    }
+#endif
+
     return 1;
 
 #undef CHECK
@@ -1285,46 +1402,6 @@ PyUnicode_New(Py_ssize_t size, Py_UCS4 maxchar)
     return obj;
 }
 
-#if SIZEOF_WCHAR_T == 2
-/* Helper function to convert a 16-bits wchar_t representation to UCS4, this
-   will decode surrogate pairs, the other conversions are implemented as macros
-   for efficiency.
-
-   This function assumes that unicode can hold one more code point than wstr
-   characters for a terminating null character. */
-static void
-unicode_convert_wchar_to_ucs4(const wchar_t *begin, const wchar_t *end,
-                              PyObject *unicode)
-{
-    const wchar_t *iter;
-    Py_UCS4 *ucs4_out;
-
-    assert(unicode != NULL);
-    assert(_PyUnicode_CHECK(unicode));
-    assert(_PyUnicode_KIND(unicode) == PyUnicode_4BYTE_KIND);
-    ucs4_out = PyUnicode_4BYTE_DATA(unicode);
-
-    for (iter = begin; iter < end; ) {
-        assert(ucs4_out < (PyUnicode_4BYTE_DATA(unicode) +
-                           _PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(unicode)));
-        if (Py_UNICODE_IS_HIGH_SURROGATE(iter[0])
-            && (iter+1) < end
-            && Py_UNICODE_IS_LOW_SURROGATE(iter[1]))
-        {
-            *ucs4_out++ = Py_UNICODE_JOIN_SURROGATES(iter[0], iter[1]);
-            iter += 2;
-        }
-        else {
-            *ucs4_out++ = *iter;
-            iter++;
-        }
-    }
-    assert(ucs4_out == (PyUnicode_4BYTE_DATA(unicode) +
-                        _PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(unicode)));
-
-}
-#endif
-
 static int
 unicode_check_modifiable(PyObject *unicode)
 {
@@ -1588,16 +1665,74 @@ unicode_dealloc(PyObject *unicode)
         _Py_FatalRefcountError("deallocating an Unicode singleton");
     }
 #endif
-    /* This should never get called, but we also don't want to SEGV if
-     * we accidentally decref an immortal string out of existence. Since
-     * the string is an immortal object, just re-set the reference count.
-     */
-    if (PyUnicode_CHECK_INTERNED(unicode)
-        || _PyUnicode_STATE(unicode).statically_allocated)
-    {
+    if (_PyUnicode_STATE(unicode).statically_allocated) {
+        /* This should never get called, but we also don't want to SEGV if
+        * we accidentally decref an immortal string out of existence. Since
+        * the string is an immortal object, just re-set the reference count.
+        */
+#ifdef Py_DEBUG
+        Py_UNREACHABLE();
+#endif
         _Py_SetImmortal(unicode);
         return;
     }
+    switch (_PyUnicode_STATE(unicode).interned) {
+        case SSTATE_NOT_INTERNED:
+            break;
+        case SSTATE_INTERNED_MORTAL:
+            /* Remove the object from the intern dict.
+             * Before doing so, we set the refcount to 2: the key and value
+             * in the interned_dict.
+             */
+            assert(Py_REFCNT(unicode) == 0);
+            Py_SET_REFCNT(unicode, 2);
+#ifdef Py_REF_DEBUG
+            /* let's be pedantic with the ref total */
+            _Py_IncRefTotal(_PyThreadState_GET());
+            _Py_IncRefTotal(_PyThreadState_GET());
+#endif
+            PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
+            PyObject *interned = get_interned_dict(interp);
+            assert(interned != NULL);
+            PyObject *popped;
+            int r = PyDict_Pop(interned, unicode, &popped);
+            if (r == -1) {
+                PyErr_WriteUnraisable(unicode);
+                // We don't know what happened to the string. It's probably
+                // best to leak it:
+                // - if it was popped, there are no more references to it
+                //   so it can't cause trouble (except wasted memory)
+                // - if it wasn't popped, it'll remain interned
+                _Py_SetImmortal(unicode);
+                _PyUnicode_STATE(unicode).interned = SSTATE_INTERNED_IMMORTAL;
+                return;
+            }
+            if (r == 0) {
+                // The interned string was not found in the interned_dict.
+#ifdef Py_DEBUG
+                Py_UNREACHABLE();
+#endif
+                _Py_SetImmortal(unicode);
+                return;
+            }
+            // Successfully popped.
+            assert(popped == unicode);
+            // Only our `popped` reference should be left; remove it too.
+            assert(Py_REFCNT(unicode) == 1);
+            Py_SET_REFCNT(unicode, 0);
+#ifdef Py_REF_DEBUG
+            /* let's be pedantic with the ref total */
+            _Py_DecRefTotal(_PyThreadState_GET());
+#endif
+            break;
+        default:
+            // As with `statically_allocated` above.
+#ifdef Py_REF_DEBUG
+            Py_UNREACHABLE();
+#endif
+            _Py_SetImmortal(unicode);
+            return;
+    }
     if (_PyUnicode_HAS_UTF8_MEMORY(unicode)) {
         PyMem_Free(_PyUnicode_UTF8(unicode));
     }
@@ -1760,7 +1895,6 @@ static PyObject*
 get_latin1_char(Py_UCS1 ch)
 {
     PyObject *o = LATIN1(ch);
-    assert(_Py_IsImmortal(o));
     return o;
 }
 
@@ -1790,6 +1924,62 @@ unicode_char(Py_UCS4 ch)
     return unicode;
 }
 
+
+static inline void
+unicode_write_widechar(int kind, void *data,
+                       const wchar_t *u, Py_ssize_t size,
+                       Py_ssize_t num_surrogates)
+{
+    switch (kind) {
+    case PyUnicode_1BYTE_KIND:
+        _PyUnicode_CONVERT_BYTES(wchar_t, unsigned char, u, u + size, data);
+        break;
+
+    case PyUnicode_2BYTE_KIND:
+#if SIZEOF_WCHAR_T == 2
+        memcpy(data, u, size * 2);
+#else
+        _PyUnicode_CONVERT_BYTES(wchar_t, Py_UCS2, u, u + size, data);
+#endif
+        break;
+
+    case PyUnicode_4BYTE_KIND:
+    {
+#if SIZEOF_WCHAR_T == 2
+        // Convert a 16-bits wchar_t representation to UCS4, this will decode
+        // surrogate pairs.
+        const wchar_t *end = u + size;
+        Py_UCS4 *ucs4_out = (Py_UCS4*)data;
+#  ifndef NDEBUG
+        Py_UCS4 *ucs4_end = (Py_UCS4*)data + (size - num_surrogates);
+#  endif
+        for (const wchar_t *iter = u; iter < end; ) {
+            assert(ucs4_out < ucs4_end);
+            if (Py_UNICODE_IS_HIGH_SURROGATE(iter[0])
+                && (iter+1) < end
+                && Py_UNICODE_IS_LOW_SURROGATE(iter[1]))
+            {
+                *ucs4_out++ = Py_UNICODE_JOIN_SURROGATES(iter[0], iter[1]);
+                iter += 2;
+            }
+            else {
+                *ucs4_out++ = *iter;
+                iter++;
+            }
+        }
+        assert(ucs4_out == ucs4_end);
+#else
+        assert(num_surrogates == 0);
+        memcpy(data, u, size * 4);
+#endif
+        break;
+    }
+    default:
+        Py_UNREACHABLE();
+    }
+}
+
+
 PyObject *
 PyUnicode_FromWideChar(const wchar_t *u, Py_ssize_t size)
 {
@@ -1842,36 +2032,63 @@ PyUnicode_FromWideChar(const wchar_t *u, Py_ssize_t size)
     if (!unicode)
         return NULL;
 
-    switch (PyUnicode_KIND(unicode)) {
-    case PyUnicode_1BYTE_KIND:
-        _PyUnicode_CONVERT_BYTES(wchar_t, unsigned char,
-                                u, u + size, PyUnicode_1BYTE_DATA(unicode));
-        break;
-    case PyUnicode_2BYTE_KIND:
-#if Py_UNICODE_SIZE == 2
-        memcpy(PyUnicode_2BYTE_DATA(unicode), u, size * 2);
-#else
-        _PyUnicode_CONVERT_BYTES(wchar_t, Py_UCS2,
-                                u, u + size, PyUnicode_2BYTE_DATA(unicode));
-#endif
-        break;
-    case PyUnicode_4BYTE_KIND:
-#if SIZEOF_WCHAR_T == 2
-        /* This is the only case which has to process surrogates, thus
-           a simple copy loop is not enough and we need a function. */
-        unicode_convert_wchar_to_ucs4(u, u + size, unicode);
-#else
-        assert(num_surrogates == 0);
-        memcpy(PyUnicode_4BYTE_DATA(unicode), u, size * 4);
+    unicode_write_widechar(PyUnicode_KIND(unicode), PyUnicode_DATA(unicode),
+                           u, size, num_surrogates);
+
+    return unicode_result(unicode);
+}
+
+
+int
+PyUnicodeWriter_WriteWideChar(PyUnicodeWriter *pub_writer,
+                              const wchar_t *str,
+                              Py_ssize_t size)
+{
+    _PyUnicodeWriter *writer = (_PyUnicodeWriter *)pub_writer;
+
+    if (size < 0) {
+        size = wcslen(str);
+    }
+
+    if (size == 0) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+#ifdef HAVE_NON_UNICODE_WCHAR_T_REPRESENTATION
+    /* Oracle Solaris uses non-Unicode internal wchar_t form for
+       non-Unicode locales and hence needs conversion to UCS-4 first. */
+    if (_Py_LocaleUsesNonUnicodeWchar()) {
+        wchar_t* converted = _Py_DecodeNonUnicodeWchar(str, size);
+        if (!converted) {
+            return -1;
+        }
+
+        int res = PyUnicodeWriter_WriteUCS4(pub_writer, converted, size);
+        PyMem_Free(converted);
+        return res;
+    }
 #endif
-        break;
-    default:
-        Py_UNREACHABLE();
+
+    Py_UCS4 maxchar = 0;
+    Py_ssize_t num_surrogates;
+    if (find_maxchar_surrogates(str, str + size,
+                                &maxchar, &num_surrogates) == -1) {
+        return -1;
     }
 
-    return unicode_result(unicode);
+    if (_PyUnicodeWriter_Prepare(writer, size - num_surrogates, maxchar) < 0) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    int kind = writer->kind;
+    void *data = (Py_UCS1*)writer->data + writer->pos * kind;
+    unicode_write_widechar(kind, data, str, size, num_surrogates);
+
+    writer->pos += size - num_surrogates;
+    return 0;
 }
 
+
 PyObject *
 PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize(const char *u, Py_ssize_t size)
 {
@@ -1942,7 +2159,7 @@ _PyUnicode_FromId(_Py_Identifier *id)
     if (!obj) {
         goto end;
     }
-    PyUnicode_InternInPlace(&obj);
+    _PyUnicode_InternImmortal(interp, &obj);
 
     if (index >= ids->size) {
         // Overallocate to reduce the number of realloc
@@ -2097,6 +2314,51 @@ _PyUnicode_FromUCS4(const Py_UCS4 *u, Py_ssize_t size)
     return res;
 }
 
+
+int
+PyUnicodeWriter_WriteUCS4(PyUnicodeWriter *pub_writer,
+                          Py_UCS4 *str,
+                          Py_ssize_t size)
+{
+    _PyUnicodeWriter *writer = (_PyUnicodeWriter*)pub_writer;
+
+    if (size < 0) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                        "size must be positive");
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    if (size == 0) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    Py_UCS4 max_char = ucs4lib_find_max_char(str, str + size);
+
+    if (_PyUnicodeWriter_Prepare(writer, size, max_char) < 0) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    int kind = writer->kind;
+    void *data = (Py_UCS1*)writer->data + writer->pos * kind;
+    if (kind == PyUnicode_1BYTE_KIND) {
+        _PyUnicode_CONVERT_BYTES(Py_UCS4, Py_UCS1,
+                                 str, str + size,
+                                 data);
+    }
+    else if (kind == PyUnicode_2BYTE_KIND) {
+        _PyUnicode_CONVERT_BYTES(Py_UCS4, Py_UCS2,
+                                 str, str + size,
+                                 data);
+    }
+    else {
+        memcpy(data, str, size * sizeof(Py_UCS4));
+    }
+    writer->pos += size;
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
 PyObject*
 PyUnicode_FromKindAndData(int kind, const void *buffer, Py_ssize_t size)
 {
@@ -2389,6 +2651,7 @@ unicode_fromformat_write_utf8(_PyUnicodeWriter *writer, const char *str,
                               Py_ssize_t width, Py_ssize_t precision, int flags)
 {
     /* UTF-8 */
+    Py_ssize_t *pconsumed = NULL;
     Py_ssize_t length;
     if (precision == -1) {
         length = strlen(str);
@@ -2398,15 +2661,23 @@ unicode_fromformat_write_utf8(_PyUnicodeWriter *writer, const char *str,
         while (length < precision && str[length]) {
             length++;
         }
+        if (length == precision) {
+            /* The input string is not NUL-terminated.  If it ends with an
+             * incomplete UTF-8 sequence, truncate the string just before it.
+             * Incomplete sequences in the middle and sequences which cannot
+             * be valid prefixes are still treated as errors and replaced
+             * with \xfffd. */
+            pconsumed = &length;
+        }
     }
 
     if (width < 0) {
         return unicode_decode_utf8_writer(writer, str, length,
-                                          _Py_ERROR_REPLACE, "replace", NULL);
+                                          _Py_ERROR_REPLACE, "replace", pconsumed);
     }
 
     PyObject *unicode = PyUnicode_DecodeUTF8Stateful(str, length,
-                                                     "replace", NULL);
+                                                     "replace", pconsumed);
     if (unicode == NULL)
         return -1;
 
@@ -2420,11 +2691,7 @@ static int
 unicode_fromformat_write_wcstr(_PyUnicodeWriter *writer, const wchar_t *str,
                               Py_ssize_t width, Py_ssize_t precision, int flags)
 {
-    /* UTF-8 */
     Py_ssize_t length;
-    PyObject *unicode;
-    int res;
-
     if (precision == -1) {
         length = wcslen(str);
     }
@@ -2434,11 +2701,17 @@ unicode_fromformat_write_wcstr(_PyUnicodeWriter *writer, const wchar_t *str,
             length++;
         }
     }
-    unicode = PyUnicode_FromWideChar(str, length);
+
+    if (width < 0) {
+        return PyUnicodeWriter_WriteWideChar((PyUnicodeWriter*)writer,
+                                             str, length);
+    }
+
+    PyObject *unicode = PyUnicode_FromWideChar(str, length);
     if (unicode == NULL)
         return -1;
 
-    res = unicode_fromformat_write_str(writer, unicode, width, -1, flags);
+    int res = unicode_fromformat_write_str(writer, unicode, width, -1, flags);
     Py_DECREF(unicode);
     return res;
 }
@@ -2448,11 +2721,6 @@ unicode_fromformat_write_wcstr(_PyUnicodeWriter *writer, const wchar_t *str,
 #define F_SIZE 3
 #define F_PTRDIFF 4
 #define F_INTMAX 5
-static const char * const formats[] = {"%d", "%ld", "%lld", "%zd", "%td", "%jd"};
-static const char * const formats_o[] = {"%o", "%lo", "%llo", "%zo", "%to", "%jo"};
-static const char * const formats_u[] = {"%u", "%lu", "%llu", "%zu", "%tu", "%ju"};
-static const char * const formats_x[] = {"%x", "%lx", "%llx", "%zx", "%tx", "%jx"};
-static const char * const formats_X[] = {"%X", "%lX", "%llX", "%zX", "%tX", "%jX"};
 
 static const char*
 unicode_fromformat_arg(_PyUnicodeWriter *writer,
@@ -2594,47 +2862,44 @@ unicode_fromformat_arg(_PyUnicodeWriter *writer,
     case 'd': case 'i':
     case 'o': case 'u': case 'x': case 'X':
     {
-        /* used by sprintf */
         char buffer[MAX_INTMAX_CHARS];
-        const char *fmt = NULL;
-        switch (*f) {
-            case 'o': fmt = formats_o[sizemod]; break;
-            case 'u': fmt = formats_u[sizemod]; break;
-            case 'x': fmt = formats_x[sizemod]; break;
-            case 'X': fmt = formats_X[sizemod]; break;
-            default: fmt = formats[sizemod]; break;
-        }
-        int issigned = (*f == 'd' || *f == 'i');
+
+        // Fill buffer using sprinf, with one of many possible format
+        // strings, like "%llX" for `long long` in hexadecimal.
+        // The type/size is in `sizemod`; the format is in `*f`.
+
+        // Use macros with nested switches to keep the sprintf format strings
+        // as compile-time literals, avoiding warnings and maybe allowing
+        // optimizations.
+
+        // `SPRINT` macro does one sprintf
+        // Example usage: SPRINT("l", "X", unsigned long) expands to
+        // sprintf(buffer, "%" "l" "X", va_arg(*vargs, unsigned long))
+        #define SPRINT(SIZE_SPEC, FMT_CHAR, TYPE) \
+            sprintf(buffer, "%" SIZE_SPEC FMT_CHAR, va_arg(*vargs, TYPE))
+
+        // One inner switch to handle all format variants
+        #define DO_SPRINTS(SIZE_SPEC, SIGNED_TYPE, UNSIGNED_TYPE)             \
+            switch (*f) {                                                     \
+                case 'o': len = SPRINT(SIZE_SPEC, "o", UNSIGNED_TYPE); break; \
+                case 'u': len = SPRINT(SIZE_SPEC, "u", UNSIGNED_TYPE); break; \
+                case 'x': len = SPRINT(SIZE_SPEC, "x", UNSIGNED_TYPE); break; \
+                case 'X': len = SPRINT(SIZE_SPEC, "X", UNSIGNED_TYPE); break; \
+                default:  len = SPRINT(SIZE_SPEC, "d", SIGNED_TYPE); break;   \
+            }
+
+        // Outer switch to handle all the sizes/types
         switch (sizemod) {
-            case F_LONG:
-                len = issigned ?
-                    sprintf(buffer, fmt, va_arg(*vargs, long)) :
-                    sprintf(buffer, fmt, va_arg(*vargs, unsigned long));
-                break;
-            case F_LONGLONG:
-                len = issigned ?
-                    sprintf(buffer, fmt, va_arg(*vargs, long long)) :
-                    sprintf(buffer, fmt, va_arg(*vargs, unsigned long long));
-                break;
-            case F_SIZE:
-                len = issigned ?
-                    sprintf(buffer, fmt, va_arg(*vargs, Py_ssize_t)) :
-                    sprintf(buffer, fmt, va_arg(*vargs, size_t));
-                break;
-            case F_PTRDIFF:
-                len = sprintf(buffer, fmt, va_arg(*vargs, ptrdiff_t));
-                break;
-            case F_INTMAX:
-                len = issigned ?
-                    sprintf(buffer, fmt, va_arg(*vargs, intmax_t)) :
-                    sprintf(buffer, fmt, va_arg(*vargs, uintmax_t));
-                break;
-            default:
-                len = issigned ?
-                    sprintf(buffer, fmt, va_arg(*vargs, int)) :
-                    sprintf(buffer, fmt, va_arg(*vargs, unsigned int));
-                break;
+            case F_LONG:     DO_SPRINTS("l", long, unsigned long); break;
+            case F_LONGLONG: DO_SPRINTS("ll", long long, unsigned long long); break;
+            case F_SIZE:     DO_SPRINTS("z", Py_ssize_t, size_t); break;
+            case F_PTRDIFF:  DO_SPRINTS("t", ptrdiff_t, ptrdiff_t); break;
+            case F_INTMAX:   DO_SPRINTS("j", intmax_t, uintmax_t); break;
+            default:         DO_SPRINTS("", int, unsigned int); break;
         }
+        #undef SPRINT
+        #undef DO_SPRINTS
+
         assert(len >= 0);
 
         int sign = (buffer[0] == '-');
@@ -2872,61 +3137,71 @@ unicode_fromformat_arg(_PyUnicodeWriter *writer,
     return f;
 }
 
-PyObject *
-PyUnicode_FromFormatV(const char *format, va_list vargs)
+static int
+unicode_from_format(_PyUnicodeWriter *writer, const char *format, va_list vargs)
 {
-    va_list vargs2;
-    const char *f;
-    _PyUnicodeWriter writer;
-
-    _PyUnicodeWriter_Init(&writer);
-    writer.min_length = strlen(format) + 100;
-    writer.overallocate = 1;
+    Py_ssize_t len = strlen(format);
+    writer->min_length += len + 100;
+    writer->overallocate = 1;
 
     // Copy varags to be able to pass a reference to a subfunction.
+    va_list vargs2;
     va_copy(vargs2, vargs);
 
-    for (f = format; *f; ) {
+    // _PyUnicodeWriter_WriteASCIIString() below requires the format string
+    // to be encoded to ASCII.
+    int is_ascii = (ucs1lib_find_max_char((Py_UCS1*)format, (Py_UCS1*)format + len) < 128);
+    if (!is_ascii) {
+        Py_ssize_t i;
+        for (i=0; i < len && (unsigned char)format[i] <= 127; i++);
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
+            "PyUnicode_FromFormatV() expects an ASCII-encoded format "
+            "string, got a non-ASCII byte: 0x%02x",
+            (unsigned char)format[i]);
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    for (const char *f = format; *f; ) {
         if (*f == '%') {
-            f = unicode_fromformat_arg(&writer, f, &vargs2);
+            f = unicode_fromformat_arg(writer, f, &vargs2);
             if (f == NULL)
                 goto fail;
         }
         else {
-            const char *p;
-            Py_ssize_t len;
-
-            p = f;
-            do
-            {
-                if ((unsigned char)*p > 127) {
-                    PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
-                        "PyUnicode_FromFormatV() expects an ASCII-encoded format "
-                        "string, got a non-ASCII byte: 0x%02x",
-                        (unsigned char)*p);
-                    goto fail;
-                }
-                p++;
+            const char *p = strchr(f, '%');
+            if (p != NULL) {
+                len = p - f;
+            }
+            else {
+                len = strlen(f);
+                writer->overallocate = 0;
             }
-            while (*p != '\0' && *p != '%');
-            len = p - f;
-
-            if (*p == '\0')
-                writer.overallocate = 0;
 
-            if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteASCIIString(&writer, f, len) < 0)
+            if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteASCIIString(writer, f, len) < 0) {
                 goto fail;
-
-            f = p;
+            }
+            f += len;
         }
     }
     va_end(vargs2);
-    return _PyUnicodeWriter_Finish(&writer);
+    return 0;
 
   fail:
     va_end(vargs2);
-    _PyUnicodeWriter_Dealloc(&writer);
-    return NULL;
+    return -1;
+}
+
+PyObject *
+PyUnicode_FromFormatV(const char *format, va_list vargs)
+{
+    _PyUnicodeWriter writer;
+    _PyUnicodeWriter_Init(&writer);
+
+    if (unicode_from_format(&writer, format, vargs) < 0) {
+        _PyUnicodeWriter_Dealloc(&writer);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    return _PyUnicodeWriter_Finish(&writer);
 }
 
 PyObject *
@@ -2941,6 +3216,23 @@ PyUnicode_FromFormat(const char *format, ...)
     return ret;
 }
 
+int
+PyUnicodeWriter_Format(PyUnicodeWriter *writer, const char *format, ...)
+{
+    _PyUnicodeWriter *_writer = (_PyUnicodeWriter*)writer;
+    Py_ssize_t old_pos = _writer->pos;
+
+    va_list vargs;
+    va_start(vargs, format);
+    int res = unicode_from_format(_writer, format, vargs);
+    va_end(vargs);
+
+    if (res < 0) {
+        _writer->pos = old_pos;
+    }
+    return res;
+}
+
 static Py_ssize_t
 unicode_get_widechar_size(PyObject *unicode)
 {
@@ -4800,7 +5092,7 @@ unicode_decode_utf8_impl(_PyUnicodeWriter *writer,
                 /* Truncated surrogate code in range D800-DFFF */
                 goto End;
             }
-            /* fall through */
+            _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
         case 3:
         case 4:
             errmsg = "invalid continuation byte";
@@ -4927,6 +5219,7 @@ unicode_decode_utf8(const char *s, Py_ssize_t size,
 }
 
 
+// Used by PyUnicodeWriter_WriteUTF8() implementation
 static int
 unicode_decode_utf8_writer(_PyUnicodeWriter *writer,
                            const char *s, Py_ssize_t size,
@@ -5119,7 +5412,7 @@ _Py_DecodeUTF8_surrogateescape(const char *arg, Py_ssize_t arglen,
 }
 
 
-/* UTF-8 encoder using the surrogateescape error handler .
+/* UTF-8 encoder.
 
    On success, return 0 and write the newly allocated character string (use
    PyMem_Free() to free the memory) into *str.
@@ -6023,7 +6316,7 @@ _PyUnicode_GetNameCAPI(void)
         ucnhash_capi = (_PyUnicode_Name_CAPI *)PyCapsule_Import(
                 PyUnicodeData_CAPSULE_NAME, 1);
 
-        // It's fine if we overwite the value here. It's always the same value.
+        // It's fine if we overwrite the value here. It's always the same value.
         _Py_atomic_store_ptr(&interp->unicode.ucnhash_capi, ucnhash_capi);
     }
     return ucnhash_capi;
@@ -6834,7 +7127,7 @@ unicode_encode_ucs1(PyObject *unicode,
             case _Py_ERROR_REPLACE:
                 memset(str, '?', collend - collstart);
                 str += (collend - collstart);
-                /* fall through */
+                _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
             case _Py_ERROR_IGNORE:
                 pos = collend;
                 break;
@@ -6873,7 +7166,7 @@ unicode_encode_ucs1(PyObject *unicode,
                     break;
                 collstart = pos;
                 assert(collstart != collend);
-                /* fall through */
+                _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
 
             default:
                 rep = unicode_encode_call_errorhandler(errors, &error_handler_obj,
@@ -7934,8 +8227,12 @@ charmap_decode_mapping(const char *s,
         if (key == NULL)
             goto onError;
 
-        item = PyObject_GetItem(mapping, key);
+        int rc = PyMapping_GetOptionalItem(mapping, key, &item);
         Py_DECREF(key);
+        if (rc == 0) {
+            /* No mapping found means: mapping is undefined. */
+            goto Undefined;
+        }
         if (item == NULL) {
             if (PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_LookupError)) {
                 /* No mapping found means: mapping is undefined. */
@@ -7949,7 +8246,7 @@ charmap_decode_mapping(const char *s,
         if (item == Py_None)
             goto Undefined;
         if (PyLong_Check(item)) {
-            long value = PyLong_AS_LONG(item);
+            long value = PyLong_AsLong(item);
             if (value == 0xFFFE)
                 goto Undefined;
             if (value < 0 || value > MAX_UNICODE) {
@@ -8099,7 +8396,7 @@ PyUnicode_BuildEncodingMap(PyObject* string)
     int count2 = 0, count3 = 0;
     int kind;
     const void *data;
-    Py_ssize_t length;
+    int length;
     Py_UCS4 ch;
 
     if (!PyUnicode_Check(string) || !PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string)) {
@@ -8108,8 +8405,7 @@ PyUnicode_BuildEncodingMap(PyObject* string)
     }
     kind = PyUnicode_KIND(string);
     data = PyUnicode_DATA(string);
-    length = PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string);
-    length = Py_MIN(length, 256);
+    length = (int)Py_MIN(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string), 256);
     memset(level1, 0xFF, sizeof level1);
     memset(level2, 0xFF, sizeof level2);
 
@@ -8234,19 +8530,25 @@ encoding_map_lookup(Py_UCS4 c, PyObject *mapping)
     return i;
 }
 
-/* Lookup the character ch in the mapping. If the character
-   can't be found, Py_None is returned (or NULL, if another
-   error occurred). */
+/* Lookup the character in the mapping.
+   On success, return PyLong, PyBytes or None (if the character can't be found).
+   If the result is PyLong, put its value in replace.
+   On error, return NULL.
+   */
 static PyObject *
-charmapencode_lookup(Py_UCS4 c, PyObject *mapping)
+charmapencode_lookup(Py_UCS4 c, PyObject *mapping, unsigned char *replace)
 {
     PyObject *w = PyLong_FromLong((long)c);
     PyObject *x;
 
     if (w == NULL)
         return NULL;
-    x = PyObject_GetItem(mapping, w);
+    int rc = PyMapping_GetOptionalItem(mapping, w, &x);
     Py_DECREF(w);
+    if (rc == 0) {
+        /* No mapping found means: mapping is undefined. */
+        Py_RETURN_NONE;
+    }
     if (x == NULL) {
         if (PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_LookupError)) {
             /* No mapping found means: mapping is undefined. */
@@ -8258,13 +8560,14 @@ charmapencode_lookup(Py_UCS4 c, PyObject *mapping)
     else if (x == Py_None)
         return x;
     else if (PyLong_Check(x)) {
-        long value = PyLong_AS_LONG(x);
+        long value = PyLong_AsLong(x);
         if (value < 0 || value > 255) {
             PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
                             "character mapping must be in range(256)");
             Py_DECREF(x);
             return NULL;
         }
+        *replace = (unsigned char)value;
         return x;
     }
     else if (PyBytes_Check(x))
@@ -8305,6 +8608,7 @@ charmapencode_output(Py_UCS4 c, PyObject *mapping,
                      PyObject **outobj, Py_ssize_t *outpos)
 {
     PyObject *rep;
+    unsigned char replace;
     char *outstart;
     Py_ssize_t outsize = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(*outobj);
 
@@ -8321,7 +8625,7 @@ charmapencode_output(Py_UCS4 c, PyObject *mapping,
         return enc_SUCCESS;
     }
 
-    rep = charmapencode_lookup(c, mapping);
+    rep = charmapencode_lookup(c, mapping, &replace);
     if (rep==NULL)
         return enc_EXCEPTION;
     else if (rep==Py_None) {
@@ -8336,7 +8640,7 @@ charmapencode_output(Py_UCS4 c, PyObject *mapping,
                     return enc_EXCEPTION;
                 }
             outstart = PyBytes_AS_STRING(*outobj);
-            outstart[(*outpos)++] = (char)PyLong_AS_LONG(rep);
+            outstart[(*outpos)++] = (char)replace;
         }
         else {
             const char *repchars = PyBytes_AS_STRING(rep);
@@ -8385,6 +8689,7 @@ charmap_encoding_error(
     /* find all unencodable characters */
     while (collendpos < size) {
         PyObject *rep;
+        unsigned char replace;
         if (Py_IS_TYPE(mapping, &EncodingMapType)) {
             ch = PyUnicode_READ_CHAR(unicode, collendpos);
             val = encoding_map_lookup(ch, mapping);
@@ -8395,7 +8700,7 @@ charmap_encoding_error(
         }
 
         ch = PyUnicode_READ_CHAR(unicode, collendpos);
-        rep = charmapencode_lookup(ch, mapping);
+        rep = charmapencode_lookup(ch, mapping, &replace);
         if (rep==NULL)
             return -1;
         else if (rep!=Py_None) {
@@ -8426,7 +8731,7 @@ charmap_encoding_error(
                 return -1;
             }
         }
-        /* fall through */
+        _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
     case _Py_ERROR_IGNORE:
         *inpos = collendpos;
         break;
@@ -8660,17 +8965,24 @@ unicode_translate_call_errorhandler(const char *errors,
 
 /* Lookup the character ch in the mapping and put the result in result,
    which must be decrefed by the caller.
+   The result can be PyLong, PyUnicode, None or NULL.
+   If the result is PyLong, put its value in replace.
    Return 0 on success, -1 on error */
 static int
-charmaptranslate_lookup(Py_UCS4 c, PyObject *mapping, PyObject **result)
+charmaptranslate_lookup(Py_UCS4 c, PyObject *mapping, PyObject **result, Py_UCS4 *replace)
 {
     PyObject *w = PyLong_FromLong((long)c);
     PyObject *x;
 
     if (w == NULL)
         return -1;
-    x = PyObject_GetItem(mapping, w);
+    int rc = PyMapping_GetOptionalItem(mapping, w, &x);
     Py_DECREF(w);
+    if (rc == 0) {
+        /* No mapping found means: use 1:1 mapping. */
+        *result = NULL;
+        return 0;
+    }
     if (x == NULL) {
         if (PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_LookupError)) {
             /* No mapping found means: use 1:1 mapping. */
@@ -8685,7 +8997,7 @@ charmaptranslate_lookup(Py_UCS4 c, PyObject *mapping, PyObject **result)
         return 0;
     }
     else if (PyLong_Check(x)) {
-        long value = PyLong_AS_LONG(x);
+        long value = PyLong_AsLong(x);
         if (value < 0 || value > MAX_UNICODE) {
             PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
                          "character mapping must be in range(0x%x)",
@@ -8694,6 +9006,7 @@ charmaptranslate_lookup(Py_UCS4 c, PyObject *mapping, PyObject **result)
             return -1;
         }
         *result = x;
+        *replace = (Py_UCS4)value;
         return 0;
     }
     else if (PyUnicode_Check(x)) {
@@ -8717,8 +9030,9 @@ charmaptranslate_output(Py_UCS4 ch, PyObject *mapping,
                         _PyUnicodeWriter *writer)
 {
     PyObject *item;
+    Py_UCS4 replace;
 
-    if (charmaptranslate_lookup(ch, mapping, &item))
+    if (charmaptranslate_lookup(ch, mapping, &item, &replace))
         return -1;
 
     if (item == NULL) {
@@ -8735,10 +9049,7 @@ charmaptranslate_output(Py_UCS4 ch, PyObject *mapping,
     }
 
     if (PyLong_Check(item)) {
-        long ch = (Py_UCS4)PyLong_AS_LONG(item);
-        /* PyLong_AS_LONG() cannot fail, charmaptranslate_lookup() already
-           used it */
-        if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteCharInline(writer, ch) < 0) {
+        if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteCharInline(writer, replace) < 0) {
             Py_DECREF(item);
             return -1;
         }
@@ -8765,9 +9076,10 @@ unicode_fast_translate_lookup(PyObject *mapping, Py_UCS1 ch,
                               Py_UCS1 *translate)
 {
     PyObject *item = NULL;
+    Py_UCS4 replace;
     int ret = 0;
 
-    if (charmaptranslate_lookup(ch, mapping, &item)) {
+    if (charmaptranslate_lookup(ch, mapping, &item, &replace)) {
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -8781,10 +9093,7 @@ unicode_fast_translate_lookup(PyObject *mapping, Py_UCS1 ch,
         return 1;
     }
     else if (PyLong_Check(item)) {
-        long replace = PyLong_AS_LONG(item);
-        /* PyLong_AS_LONG() cannot fail, charmaptranslate_lookup() already
-           used it */
-        if (127 < replace) {
+        if (replace > 127) {
             /* invalid character or character outside ASCII:
                skip the fast translate */
             goto exit;
@@ -8792,8 +9101,6 @@ unicode_fast_translate_lookup(PyObject *mapping, Py_UCS1 ch,
         translate[ch] = (Py_UCS1)replace;
     }
     else if (PyUnicode_Check(item)) {
-        Py_UCS4 replace;
-
         if (PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(item) != 1)
             goto exit;
 
@@ -8946,8 +9253,9 @@ _PyUnicode_TranslateCharmap(PyObject *input,
         /* find all untranslatable characters */
         while (collend < size) {
             PyObject *x;
+            Py_UCS4 replace;
             ch = PyUnicode_READ(kind, data, collend);
-            if (charmaptranslate_lookup(ch, mapping, &x))
+            if (charmaptranslate_lookup(ch, mapping, &x, &replace))
                 goto onError;
             Py_XDECREF(x);
             if (x != Py_None)
@@ -9042,19 +9350,24 @@ _PyUnicode_TransformDecimalAndSpaceToASCII(PyObject *unicode)
 /* --- Helpers ------------------------------------------------------------ */
 
 /* helper macro to fixup start/end slice values */
-#define ADJUST_INDICES(start, end, len)         \
-    if (end > len)                              \
-        end = len;                              \
-    else if (end < 0) {                         \
-        end += len;                             \
-        if (end < 0)                            \
-            end = 0;                            \
-    }                                           \
-    if (start < 0) {                            \
-        start += len;                           \
-        if (start < 0)                          \
-            start = 0;                          \
-    }
+#define ADJUST_INDICES(start, end, len) \
+    do {                                \
+        if (end > len) {                \
+            end = len;                  \
+        }                               \
+        else if (end < 0) {             \
+            end += len;                 \
+            if (end < 0) {              \
+                end = 0;                \
+            }                           \
+        }                               \
+        if (start < 0) {                \
+            start += len;               \
+            if (start < 0) {            \
+                start = 0;              \
+            }                           \
+        }                               \
+    } while (0)
 
 static Py_ssize_t
 any_find_slice(PyObject* s1, PyObject* s2,
@@ -10682,26 +10995,6 @@ unicode_compare(PyObject *str1, PyObject *str2)
 #undef COMPARE
 }
 
-static int
-unicode_compare_eq(PyObject *str1, PyObject *str2)
-{
-    int kind;
-    const void *data1, *data2;
-    Py_ssize_t len;
-    int cmp;
-
-    len = PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(str1);
-    if (PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(str2) != len)
-        return 0;
-    kind = PyUnicode_KIND(str1);
-    if (PyUnicode_KIND(str2) != kind)
-        return 0;
-    data1 = PyUnicode_DATA(str1);
-    data2 = PyUnicode_DATA(str2);
-
-    cmp = memcmp(data1, data2, len * kind);
-    return (cmp == 0);
-}
 
 int
 _PyUnicode_Equal(PyObject *str1, PyObject *str2)
@@ -10711,7 +11004,25 @@ _PyUnicode_Equal(PyObject *str1, PyObject *str2)
     if (str1 == str2) {
         return 1;
     }
-    return unicode_compare_eq(str1, str2);
+    return unicode_eq(str1, str2);
+}
+
+
+int
+PyUnicode_Equal(PyObject *str1, PyObject *str2)
+{
+    if (!PyUnicode_Check(str1)) {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
+                     "first argument must be str, not %T", str1);
+        return -1;
+    }
+    if (!PyUnicode_Check(str2)) {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
+                     "second argument must be str, not %T", str2);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    return _PyUnicode_Equal(str1, str2);
 }
 
 
@@ -10897,8 +11208,10 @@ _PyUnicode_EqualToASCIIId(PyObject *left, _Py_Identifier *right)
     if (left == right_uni)
         return 1;
 
-    if (PyUnicode_CHECK_INTERNED(left))
+    assert(PyUnicode_CHECK_INTERNED(right_uni));
+    if (PyUnicode_CHECK_INTERNED(left)) {
         return 0;
+    }
 
     Py_hash_t right_hash = FT_ATOMIC_LOAD_SSIZE_RELAXED(_PyUnicode_HASH(right_uni));
     assert(right_hash != -1);
@@ -10907,7 +11220,7 @@ _PyUnicode_EqualToASCIIId(PyObject *left, _Py_Identifier *right)
         return 0;
     }
 
-    return unicode_compare_eq(left, right_uni);
+    return unicode_eq(left, right_uni);
 }
 
 PyObject *
@@ -10935,7 +11248,7 @@ PyUnicode_RichCompare(PyObject *left, PyObject *right, int op)
         }
     }
     else if (op == Py_EQ || op == Py_NE) {
-        result = unicode_compare_eq(left, right);
+        result = unicode_eq(left, right);
         result ^= (op == Py_NE);
         return PyBool_FromLong(result);
     }
@@ -10945,12 +11258,6 @@ PyUnicode_RichCompare(PyObject *left, PyObject *right, int op)
     }
 }
 
-int
-_PyUnicode_EQ(PyObject *aa, PyObject *bb)
-{
-    return unicode_eq(aa, bb);
-}
-
 int
 PyUnicode_Contains(PyObject *str, PyObject *substr)
 {
@@ -11392,7 +11699,7 @@ unicode_hash(PyObject *self)
     if (hash != -1) {
         return hash;
     }
-    x = _Py_HashBytes(PyUnicode_DATA(self),
+    x = Py_HashBuffer(PyUnicode_DATA(self),
                       PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(self) * PyUnicode_KIND(self));
 
     FT_ATOMIC_STORE_SSIZE_RELAXED(_PyUnicode_HASH(self), x);
@@ -13082,6 +13389,7 @@ unicode_endswith_impl(PyObject *self, PyObject *subobj, Py_ssize_t start,
     return PyBool_FromLong(result);
 }
 
+
 static inline void
 _PyUnicodeWriter_Update(_PyUnicodeWriter *writer)
 {
@@ -13105,6 +13413,7 @@ _PyUnicodeWriter_Update(_PyUnicodeWriter *writer)
     }
 }
 
+
 void
 _PyUnicodeWriter_Init(_PyUnicodeWriter *writer)
 {
@@ -13113,12 +13422,54 @@ _PyUnicodeWriter_Init(_PyUnicodeWriter *writer)
     /* ASCII is the bare minimum */
     writer->min_char = 127;
 
-    /* use a value smaller than PyUnicode_1BYTE_KIND() so
+    /* use a kind value smaller than PyUnicode_1BYTE_KIND so
        _PyUnicodeWriter_PrepareKind() will copy the buffer. */
-    writer->kind = 0;
-    assert(writer->kind <= PyUnicode_1BYTE_KIND);
+    assert(writer->kind == 0);
+    assert(writer->kind < PyUnicode_1BYTE_KIND);
 }
 
+
+PyUnicodeWriter*
+PyUnicodeWriter_Create(Py_ssize_t length)
+{
+    if (length < 0) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                        "length must be positive");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    const size_t size = sizeof(_PyUnicodeWriter);
+    PyUnicodeWriter *pub_writer;
+    pub_writer = _Py_FREELIST_POP_MEM(unicode_writers);
+    if (pub_writer == NULL) {
+        pub_writer = (PyUnicodeWriter *)PyMem_Malloc(size);
+        if (pub_writer == NULL) {
+            return (PyUnicodeWriter *)PyErr_NoMemory();
+        }
+    }
+    _PyUnicodeWriter *writer = (_PyUnicodeWriter *)pub_writer;
+
+    _PyUnicodeWriter_Init(writer);
+    if (_PyUnicodeWriter_Prepare(writer, length, 127) < 0) {
+        PyUnicodeWriter_Discard(pub_writer);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    writer->overallocate = 1;
+
+    return pub_writer;
+}
+
+
+void PyUnicodeWriter_Discard(PyUnicodeWriter *writer)
+{
+    if (writer == NULL) {
+        return;
+    }
+    _PyUnicodeWriter_Dealloc((_PyUnicodeWriter*)writer);
+    _Py_FREELIST_FREE(unicode_writers, writer, PyMem_Free);
+}
+
+
 // Initialize _PyUnicodeWriter with initial buffer
 static inline void
 _PyUnicodeWriter_InitWithBuffer(_PyUnicodeWriter *writer, PyObject *buffer)
@@ -13129,6 +13480,7 @@ _PyUnicodeWriter_InitWithBuffer(_PyUnicodeWriter *writer, PyObject *buffer)
     writer->min_length = writer->size;
 }
 
+
 int
 _PyUnicodeWriter_PrepareInternal(_PyUnicodeWriter *writer,
                                  Py_ssize_t length, Py_UCS4 maxchar)
@@ -13136,6 +13488,7 @@ _PyUnicodeWriter_PrepareInternal(_PyUnicodeWriter *writer,
     Py_ssize_t newlen;
     PyObject *newbuffer;
 
+    assert(length >= 0);
     assert(maxchar <= MAX_UNICODE);
 
     /* ensure that the _PyUnicodeWriter_Prepare macro was used */
@@ -13244,9 +13597,23 @@ _PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar(_PyUnicodeWriter *writer, Py_UCS4 ch)
     return _PyUnicodeWriter_WriteCharInline(writer, ch);
 }
 
+int
+PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar(PyUnicodeWriter *writer, Py_UCS4 ch)
+{
+    if (ch > MAX_UNICODE) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                        "character must be in range(0x110000)");
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    return _PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar((_PyUnicodeWriter*)writer, ch);
+}
+
 int
 _PyUnicodeWriter_WriteStr(_PyUnicodeWriter *writer, PyObject *str)
 {
+    assert(PyUnicode_Check(str));
+
     Py_UCS4 maxchar;
     Py_ssize_t len;
 
@@ -13272,31 +13639,68 @@ _PyUnicodeWriter_WriteStr(_PyUnicodeWriter *writer, PyObject *str)
     return 0;
 }
 
+int
+PyUnicodeWriter_WriteStr(PyUnicodeWriter *writer, PyObject *obj)
+{
+    if (Py_TYPE(obj) == &PyLong_Type) {
+        return _PyLong_FormatWriter((_PyUnicodeWriter*)writer, obj, 10, 0);
+    }
+
+    PyObject *str = PyObject_Str(obj);
+    if (str == NULL) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    int res = _PyUnicodeWriter_WriteStr((_PyUnicodeWriter*)writer, str);
+    Py_DECREF(str);
+    return res;
+}
+
+
+int
+PyUnicodeWriter_WriteRepr(PyUnicodeWriter *writer, PyObject *obj)
+{
+    if (Py_TYPE(obj) == &PyLong_Type) {
+        return _PyLong_FormatWriter((_PyUnicodeWriter*)writer, obj, 10, 0);
+    }
+
+    PyObject *repr = PyObject_Repr(obj);
+    if (repr == NULL) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    int res = _PyUnicodeWriter_WriteStr((_PyUnicodeWriter*)writer, repr);
+    Py_DECREF(repr);
+    return res;
+}
+
+
 int
 _PyUnicodeWriter_WriteSubstring(_PyUnicodeWriter *writer, PyObject *str,
                                 Py_ssize_t start, Py_ssize_t end)
 {
-    Py_UCS4 maxchar;
-    Py_ssize_t len;
-
     assert(0 <= start);
     assert(end <= PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(str));
     assert(start <= end);
 
-    if (end == 0)
-        return 0;
-
     if (start == 0 && end == PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(str))
         return _PyUnicodeWriter_WriteStr(writer, str);
 
-    if (PyUnicode_MAX_CHAR_VALUE(str) > writer->maxchar)
+    Py_ssize_t len = end - start;
+    if (len == 0) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    Py_UCS4 maxchar;
+    if (PyUnicode_MAX_CHAR_VALUE(str) > writer->maxchar) {
         maxchar = _PyUnicode_FindMaxChar(str, start, end);
-    else
+    }
+    else {
         maxchar = writer->maxchar;
-    len = end - start;
-
-    if (_PyUnicodeWriter_Prepare(writer, len, maxchar) < 0)
+    }
+    if (_PyUnicodeWriter_Prepare(writer, len, maxchar) < 0) {
         return -1;
+    }
 
     _PyUnicode_FastCopyCharacters(writer->buffer, writer->pos,
                                   str, start, len);
@@ -13304,6 +13708,29 @@ _PyUnicodeWriter_WriteSubstring(_PyUnicodeWriter *writer, PyObject *str,
     return 0;
 }
 
+
+int
+PyUnicodeWriter_WriteSubstring(PyUnicodeWriter *writer, PyObject *str,
+                               Py_ssize_t start, Py_ssize_t end)
+{
+    if (!PyUnicode_Check(str)) {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "expect str, not %T", str);
+        return -1;
+    }
+    if (start < 0 || start > end) {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError, "invalid start argument");
+        return -1;
+    }
+    if (end > PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(str)) {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError, "invalid end argument");
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    return _PyUnicodeWriter_WriteSubstring((_PyUnicodeWriter*)writer, str,
+                                           start, end);
+}
+
+
 int
 _PyUnicodeWriter_WriteASCIIString(_PyUnicodeWriter *writer,
                                   const char *ascii, Py_ssize_t len)
@@ -13364,6 +13791,51 @@ _PyUnicodeWriter_WriteASCIIString(_PyUnicodeWriter *writer,
     return 0;
 }
 
+int
+PyUnicodeWriter_WriteUTF8(PyUnicodeWriter *writer,
+                          const char *str,
+                          Py_ssize_t size)
+{
+    if (size < 0) {
+        size = strlen(str);
+    }
+
+    _PyUnicodeWriter *_writer = (_PyUnicodeWriter*)writer;
+    Py_ssize_t old_pos = _writer->pos;
+    int res = unicode_decode_utf8_writer(_writer, str, size,
+                                         _Py_ERROR_STRICT, NULL, NULL);
+    if (res < 0) {
+        _writer->pos = old_pos;
+    }
+    return res;
+}
+
+
+int
+PyUnicodeWriter_DecodeUTF8Stateful(PyUnicodeWriter *writer,
+                                   const char *string,
+                                   Py_ssize_t length,
+                                   const char *errors,
+                                   Py_ssize_t *consumed)
+{
+    if (length < 0) {
+        length = strlen(string);
+    }
+
+    _PyUnicodeWriter *_writer = (_PyUnicodeWriter*)writer;
+    Py_ssize_t old_pos = _writer->pos;
+    int res = unicode_decode_utf8_writer(_writer, string, length,
+                                         _Py_ERROR_UNKNOWN, errors, consumed);
+    if (res < 0) {
+        _writer->pos = old_pos;
+        if (consumed) {
+            *consumed = 0;
+        }
+    }
+    return res;
+}
+
+
 int
 _PyUnicodeWriter_WriteLatin1String(_PyUnicodeWriter *writer,
                                    const char *str, Py_ssize_t len)
@@ -13410,6 +13882,17 @@ _PyUnicodeWriter_Finish(_PyUnicodeWriter *writer)
     return unicode_result(str);
 }
 
+
+PyObject*
+PyUnicodeWriter_Finish(PyUnicodeWriter *writer)
+{
+    PyObject *str = _PyUnicodeWriter_Finish((_PyUnicodeWriter*)writer);
+    assert(((_PyUnicodeWriter*)writer)->buffer == NULL);
+    _Py_FREELIST_FREE(unicode_writers, writer, PyMem_Free);
+    return str;
+}
+
+
 void
 _PyUnicodeWriter_Dealloc(_PyUnicodeWriter *writer)
 {
@@ -14682,7 +15165,16 @@ unicode_vectorcall(PyObject *type, PyObject *const *args,
         return PyObject_Str(object);
     }
     const char *encoding = arg_as_utf8(args[1], "encoding");
-    const char *errors = (nargs == 3) ? arg_as_utf8(args[2], "errors") : NULL;
+    if (encoding == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    const char *errors = NULL;
+    if (nargs == 3) {
+        errors = arg_as_utf8(args[2], "errors");
+        if (errors == NULL) {
+            return NULL;
+        }
+    }
     return PyUnicode_FromEncodedObject(object, encoding, errors);
 }
 
@@ -14830,7 +15322,7 @@ PyTypeObject PyUnicode_Type = {
     0,                            /* tp_init */
     0,                            /* tp_alloc */
     unicode_new,                  /* tp_new */
-    PyObject_Del,                 /* tp_free */
+    PyObject_Free,                /* tp_free */
     .tp_vectorcall = unicode_vectorcall,
 };
 
@@ -14874,30 +15366,19 @@ _PyUnicode_InitState(PyInterpreterState *interp)
 PyStatus
 _PyUnicode_InitGlobalObjects(PyInterpreterState *interp)
 {
-    // Initialize the global interned dict
+    if (_Py_IsMainInterpreter(interp)) {
+        PyStatus status = init_global_interned_strings(interp);
+        if (_PyStatus_EXCEPTION(status)) {
+            return status;
+        }
+    }
+    assert(INTERNED_STRINGS);
+
     if (init_interned_dict(interp)) {
         PyErr_Clear();
         return _PyStatus_ERR("failed to create interned dict");
     }
 
-    if (_Py_IsMainInterpreter(interp)) {
-        /* Intern statically allocated string identifiers and deepfreeze strings.
-         * This must be done before any module initialization so that statically
-         * allocated string identifiers are used instead of heap allocated strings.
-         * Deepfreeze uses the interned identifiers if present to save space
-         * else generates them and they are interned to speed up dict lookups.
-        */
-        _PyUnicode_InitStaticStrings(interp);
-
-#ifdef Py_DEBUG
-        assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(&_Py_STR(empty), 1));
-
-        for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
-            assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(LATIN1(i), 1));
-        }
-#endif
-    }
-
     return _PyStatus_OK();
 }
 
@@ -14920,106 +15401,250 @@ _PyUnicode_InitTypes(PyInterpreterState *interp)
     return _PyStatus_ERR("Can't initialize unicode types");
 }
 
+static /* non-null */ PyObject*
+intern_static(PyInterpreterState *interp, PyObject *s /* stolen */)
+{
+    // Note that this steals a reference to `s`, but in many cases that
+    // stolen ref is returned, requiring no decref/incref.
+
+    assert(s != NULL);
+    assert(_PyUnicode_CHECK(s));
+    assert(_PyUnicode_STATE(s).statically_allocated);
+    assert(!PyUnicode_CHECK_INTERNED(s));
+
+#ifdef Py_DEBUG
+    /* We must not add process-global interned string if there's already a
+     * per-interpreter interned_dict, which might contain duplicates.
+     */
+    PyObject *interned = get_interned_dict(interp);
+    assert(interned == NULL);
+#endif
+
+    /* Look in the global cache first. */
+    PyObject *r = (PyObject *)_Py_hashtable_get(INTERNED_STRINGS, s);
+    /* We should only init each string once */
+    assert(r == NULL);
+    /* but just in case (for the non-debug build), handle this */
+    if (r != NULL && r != s) {
+        assert(_PyUnicode_STATE(r).interned == SSTATE_INTERNED_IMMORTAL_STATIC);
+        assert(_PyUnicode_CHECK(r));
+        Py_DECREF(s);
+        return Py_NewRef(r);
+    }
+
+    if (_Py_hashtable_set(INTERNED_STRINGS, s, s) < -1) {
+        Py_FatalError("failed to intern static string");
+    }
+
+    _PyUnicode_STATE(s).interned = SSTATE_INTERNED_IMMORTAL_STATIC;
+    return s;
+}
 
 void
-_PyUnicode_InternInPlace(PyInterpreterState *interp, PyObject **p)
+_PyUnicode_InternStatic(PyInterpreterState *interp, PyObject **p)
+{
+    // This should only be called as part of runtime initialization
+    assert(!Py_IsInitialized());
+
+    *p = intern_static(interp, *p);
+    assert(*p);
+}
+
+static void
+immortalize_interned(PyObject *s)
 {
-    PyObject *s = *p;
+    assert(PyUnicode_CHECK_INTERNED(s) == SSTATE_INTERNED_MORTAL);
+    assert(!_Py_IsImmortal(s));
+#ifdef Py_REF_DEBUG
+    /* The reference count value should be excluded from the RefTotal.
+       The decrements to these objects will not be registered so they
+       need to be accounted for in here. */
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < Py_REFCNT(s); i++) {
+        _Py_DecRefTotal(_PyThreadState_GET());
+    }
+#endif
+    _PyUnicode_STATE(s).interned = SSTATE_INTERNED_IMMORTAL;
+    _Py_SetImmortal(s);
+}
+
+static /* non-null */ PyObject*
+intern_common(PyInterpreterState *interp, PyObject *s /* stolen */,
+              bool immortalize)
+{
+    // Note that this steals a reference to `s`, but in many cases that
+    // stolen ref is returned, requiring no decref/incref.
+
 #ifdef Py_DEBUG
     assert(s != NULL);
     assert(_PyUnicode_CHECK(s));
 #else
     if (s == NULL || !PyUnicode_Check(s)) {
-        return;
+        return s;
     }
 #endif
 
     /* If it's a subclass, we don't really know what putting
        it in the interned dict might do. */
     if (!PyUnicode_CheckExact(s)) {
-        return;
+        return s;
     }
 
-    if (PyUnicode_CHECK_INTERNED(s)) {
-        return;
+    /* Is it already interned? */
+    switch (PyUnicode_CHECK_INTERNED(s)) {
+        case SSTATE_NOT_INTERNED:
+            // no, go on
+            break;
+        case SSTATE_INTERNED_MORTAL:
+            // yes but we might need to make it immortal
+            if (immortalize) {
+                immortalize_interned(s);
+            }
+            return s;
+        default:
+            // all done
+            return s;
     }
 
-    /* Look in the global cache first. */
-    PyObject *r = (PyObject *)_Py_hashtable_get(INTERNED_STRINGS, s);
-    if (r != NULL && r != s) {
-        Py_SETREF(*p, Py_NewRef(r));
-        return;
+    /* Statically allocated strings must be already interned. */
+    assert(!_PyUnicode_STATE(s).statically_allocated);
+
+#if Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    /* In the free-threaded build, all interned strings are immortal */
+    immortalize = 1;
+#endif
+
+    /* If it's already immortal, intern it as such */
+    if (_Py_IsImmortal(s)) {
+        immortalize = 1;
     }
 
-    /* Handle statically allocated strings. */
-    if (_PyUnicode_STATE(s).statically_allocated) {
-        assert(_Py_IsImmortal(s));
-        if (_Py_hashtable_set(INTERNED_STRINGS, s, s) == 0) {
-            _PyUnicode_STATE(*p).interned = SSTATE_INTERNED_IMMORTAL_STATIC;
+    /* if it's a short string, get the singleton */
+    if (PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(s) == 1 &&
+                PyUnicode_KIND(s) == PyUnicode_1BYTE_KIND) {
+        PyObject *r = LATIN1(*(unsigned char*)PyUnicode_DATA(s));
+        assert(PyUnicode_CHECK_INTERNED(r));
+        Py_DECREF(s);
+        return r;
+    }
+#ifdef Py_DEBUG
+    assert(!unicode_is_singleton(s));
+#endif
+
+    /* Look in the global cache now. */
+    {
+        PyObject *r = (PyObject *)_Py_hashtable_get(INTERNED_STRINGS, s);
+        if (r != NULL) {
+            assert(_PyUnicode_STATE(r).statically_allocated);
+            assert(r != s);  // r must be statically_allocated; s is not
+            Py_DECREF(s);
+            return Py_NewRef(r);
         }
-        return;
     }
 
-    /* Look in the per-interpreter cache. */
+    /* Do a setdefault on the per-interpreter cache. */
     PyObject *interned = get_interned_dict(interp);
     assert(interned != NULL);
 
     PyObject *t;
-    int res = PyDict_SetDefaultRef(interned, s, s, &t);
-    if (res < 0) {
-        PyErr_Clear();
-        return;
-    }
-    else if (res == 1) {
-        // value was already present (not inserted)
-        Py_SETREF(*p, t);
-        return;
+    {
+        int res = PyDict_SetDefaultRef(interned, s, s, &t);
+        if (res < 0) {
+            PyErr_Clear();
+            return s;
+        }
+        else if (res == 1) {
+            // value was already present (not inserted)
+            Py_DECREF(s);
+            if (immortalize &&
+                    PyUnicode_CHECK_INTERNED(t) == SSTATE_INTERNED_MORTAL) {
+                immortalize_interned(t);
+            }
+            return t;
+        }
+        else {
+            // value was newly inserted
+            assert (s == t);
+            Py_DECREF(t);
+        }
     }
-    Py_DECREF(t);
 
-    if (_Py_IsImmortal(s)) {
-        // XXX Restrict this to the main interpreter?
-        _PyUnicode_STATE(*p).interned = SSTATE_INTERNED_IMMORTAL_STATIC;
-        return;
-    }
+    /* NOT_INTERNED -> INTERNED_MORTAL */
+
+    assert(_PyUnicode_STATE(s).interned == SSTATE_NOT_INTERNED);
 
+    if (!_Py_IsImmortal(s)) {
+        /* The two references in interned dict (key and value) are not counted.
+        unicode_dealloc() and _PyUnicode_ClearInterned() take care of this. */
+        Py_SET_REFCNT(s, Py_REFCNT(s) - 2);
 #ifdef Py_REF_DEBUG
-    /* The reference count value excluding the 2 references from the
-       interned dictionary should be excluded from the RefTotal. The
-       decrements to these objects will not be registered so they
-       need to be accounted for in here. */
-    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < Py_REFCNT(s) - 2; i++) {
+        /* let's be pedantic with the ref total */
         _Py_DecRefTotal(_PyThreadState_GET());
+        _Py_DecRefTotal(_PyThreadState_GET());
+#endif
+    }
+    _PyUnicode_STATE(s).interned = SSTATE_INTERNED_MORTAL;
+
+    /* INTERNED_MORTAL -> INTERNED_IMMORTAL (if needed) */
+
+#ifdef Py_DEBUG
+    if (_Py_IsImmortal(s)) {
+        assert(immortalize);
     }
 #endif
-    _Py_SetImmortal(s);
-    _PyUnicode_STATE(*p).interned = SSTATE_INTERNED_IMMORTAL;
+    if (immortalize) {
+        immortalize_interned(s);
+    }
+
+    return s;
+}
+
+void
+_PyUnicode_InternImmortal(PyInterpreterState *interp, PyObject **p)
+{
+    *p = intern_common(interp, *p, 1);
+    assert(*p);
+}
+
+void
+_PyUnicode_InternMortal(PyInterpreterState *interp, PyObject **p)
+{
+    *p = intern_common(interp, *p, 0);
+    assert(*p);
+}
+
+
+void
+_PyUnicode_InternInPlace(PyInterpreterState *interp, PyObject **p)
+{
+    _PyUnicode_InternImmortal(interp, p);
+    return;
 }
 
 void
 PyUnicode_InternInPlace(PyObject **p)
 {
     PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, p);
+    _PyUnicode_InternMortal(interp, p);
 }
 
-// Function kept for the stable ABI.
+// Public-looking name kept for the stable ABI; user should not call this:
 PyAPI_FUNC(void) PyUnicode_InternImmortal(PyObject **);
 void
 PyUnicode_InternImmortal(PyObject **p)
 {
-    PyUnicode_InternInPlace(p);
-    // Leak a reference on purpose
-    Py_INCREF(*p);
+    PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
+    _PyUnicode_InternImmortal(interp, p);
 }
 
 PyObject *
 PyUnicode_InternFromString(const char *cp)
 {
     PyObject *s = PyUnicode_FromString(cp);
-    if (s == NULL)
+    if (s == NULL) {
         return NULL;
-    PyUnicode_InternInPlace(&s);
+    }
+    PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
+    _PyUnicode_InternMortal(interp, &s);
     return s;
 }
 
@@ -15033,20 +15658,13 @@ _PyUnicode_ClearInterned(PyInterpreterState *interp)
     }
     assert(PyDict_CheckExact(interned));
 
-    /* TODO:
-     * Currently, the runtime is not able to guarantee that it can exit without
-     * allocations that carry over to a future initialization of Python within
-     * the same process. i.e:
-     *   ./python -X showrefcount -c 'import itertools'
-     *   [237 refs, 237 blocks]
-     *
-     * Therefore, this should remain disabled for until there is a strict guarantee
-     * that no memory will be left after `Py_Finalize`.
-     */
-#ifdef Py_DEBUG
-    /* For all non-singleton interned strings, restore the two valid references
-       to that instance from within the intern string dictionary and let the
-       normal reference counting process clean up these instances. */
+    if (has_shared_intern_dict(interp)) {
+        // the dict doesn't belong to this interpreter, skip the debug
+        // checks on it and just clear the pointer to it
+        clear_interned_dict(interp);
+        return;
+    }
+
 #ifdef INTERNED_STATS
     fprintf(stderr, "releasing %zd interned strings\n",
             PyDict_GET_SIZE(interned));
@@ -15060,10 +15678,16 @@ _PyUnicode_ClearInterned(PyInterpreterState *interp)
         int shared = 0;
         switch (PyUnicode_CHECK_INTERNED(s)) {
         case SSTATE_INTERNED_IMMORTAL:
+            /* Make immortal interned strings mortal again. */
             // Skip the Immortal Instance check and restore
             // the two references (key and value) ignored
             // by PyUnicode_InternInPlace().
             _Py_SetMortal(s, 2);
+#ifdef Py_REF_DEBUG
+            /* let's be pedantic with the ref total */
+            _Py_IncRefTotal(_PyThreadState_GET());
+            _Py_IncRefTotal(_PyThreadState_GET());
+#endif
 #ifdef INTERNED_STATS
             total_length += PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(s);
 #endif
@@ -15079,9 +15703,17 @@ _PyUnicode_ClearInterned(PyInterpreterState *interp)
             }
             break;
         case SSTATE_INTERNED_MORTAL:
-            /* fall through */
+            // Restore 2 references held by the interned dict; these will
+            // be decref'd by clear_interned_dict's PyDict_Clear.
+            Py_SET_REFCNT(s, Py_REFCNT(s) + 2);
+#ifdef Py_REF_DEBUG
+            /* let's be pedantic with the ref total */
+            _Py_IncRefTotal(_PyThreadState_GET());
+            _Py_IncRefTotal(_PyThreadState_GET());
+#endif
+            break;
         case SSTATE_NOT_INTERNED:
-            /* fall through */
+            _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
         default:
             Py_UNREACHABLE();
         }
@@ -15100,8 +15732,10 @@ _PyUnicode_ClearInterned(PyInterpreterState *interp)
     for (Py_ssize_t i=0; i < ids->size; i++) {
         Py_XINCREF(ids->array[i]);
     }
-#endif /* Py_DEBUG */
     clear_interned_dict(interp);
+    if (_Py_IsMainInterpreter(interp)) {
+        clear_global_interned_strings();
+    }
 }
 
 
@@ -15311,7 +15945,7 @@ encode_wstr_utf8(wchar_t *wstr, char **str, const char *name)
     int res;
     res = _Py_EncodeUTF8Ex(wstr, str, NULL, NULL, 1, _Py_ERROR_STRICT);
     if (res == -2) {
-        PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeWarning, "cannot decode %s", name);
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeWarning, "cannot encode %s", name);
         return -1;
     }
     if (res < 0) {
@@ -15539,8 +16173,10 @@ _PyUnicode_Fini(PyInterpreterState *interp)
 {
     struct _Py_unicode_state *state = &interp->unicode;
 
-    // _PyUnicode_ClearInterned() must be called before _PyUnicode_Fini()
-    assert(get_interned_dict(interp) == NULL);
+    if (!has_shared_intern_dict(interp)) {
+        // _PyUnicode_ClearInterned() must be called before _PyUnicode_Fini()
+        assert(get_interned_dict(interp) == NULL);
+    }
 
     _PyUnicode_FiniEncodings(&state->fs_codec);
 
diff --git a/Objects/unicodetype_db.h b/Objects/unicodetype_db.h
index e6dbeffbe2aa3e..5be810dd67426a 100644
--- a/Objects/unicodetype_db.h
+++ b/Objects/unicodetype_db.h
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* this file was generated by ./Tools/unicode/makeunicodedata.py 3.3 */
+/* this file was generated by Tools/unicode/makeunicodedata.py 3.3 */
 
 /* a list of unique character type descriptors */
 const _PyUnicode_TypeRecord _PyUnicode_TypeRecords[] = {
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ const _PyUnicode_TypeRecord _PyUnicode_TypeRecords[] = {
     {0, 211, 0, 0, 0, 10113},
     {0, 209, 0, 0, 0, 10113},
     {163, 0, 163, 0, 0, 9993},
+    {42561, 0, 42561, 0, 0, 9993},
     {0, 213, 0, 0, 0, 10113},
     {130, 0, 130, 0, 0, 9993},
     {0, 214, 0, 0, 0, 10113},
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ const _PyUnicode_TypeRecord _PyUnicode_TypeRecords[] = {
     {42319, 0, 42319, 0, 0, 9993},
     {42315, 0, 42315, 0, 0, 9993},
     {-207, 0, -207, 0, 0, 9993},
+    {42343, 0, 42343, 0, 0, 9993},
     {42280, 0, 42280, 0, 0, 9993},
     {42308, 0, 42308, 0, 0, 9993},
     {-209, 0, -209, 0, 0, 9993},
@@ -405,6 +407,8 @@ const _PyUnicode_TypeRecord _PyUnicode_TypeRecords[] = {
     {0, -48, 0, 0, 0, 10113},
     {0, -42307, 0, 0, 0, 10113},
     {0, -35384, 0, 0, 0, 10113},
+    {0, -42343, 0, 0, 0, 10113},
+    {0, -42561, 0, 0, 0, 10113},
     {-928, 0, -928, 0, 0, 9993},
     {16778124, 17826698, 16778124, 0, 0, 26377},
     {16778127, 17826701, 16778127, 0, 0, 26377},
@@ -1751,613 +1755,1218 @@ const Py_UCS4 _PyUnicode_ExtendedCase[] = {
 };
 
 /* type indexes */
-#define SHIFT 7
+#define SHIFT 6
 static const unsigned short index1[] = {
     0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20,
-    21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 34, 35, 36, 37,
-    38, 39, 34, 34, 34, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52,
-    53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 64, 64, 64, 65, 66, 64,
-    64, 64, 64, 67, 68, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75,
-    76, 64, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 64, 64, 84, 85, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34,
-    34, 86, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 87, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34,
-    34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34,
-    34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 34, 94, 34, 34,
-    34, 95, 96, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 97, 34, 34, 34, 98, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34,
-    34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 99, 100, 101, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 102, 103, 34,
-    34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 104, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34,
-    105, 34, 34, 34, 93, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 106, 34, 34, 34, 34,
-    107, 108, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 109, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34,
-    34, 34, 34, 34, 93, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 110, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34,
-    34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 111, 112, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34,
-    34, 34, 34, 113, 34, 34, 34, 34, 114, 34, 34, 115, 116, 34, 34, 34, 34,
-    34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 117, 34, 34, 34,
-    34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 118, 34, 34, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126,
-    127, 128, 129, 130, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34,
-    34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34,
-    34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34,
-    34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34,
-    34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34,
-    34, 34, 131, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132,
-    132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132,
-    132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132,
-    132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132,
-    132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 133, 134,
-    135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 34, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148,
-    149, 132, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 34, 34, 157, 158, 159, 160,
-    161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 132, 170, 171, 172, 173,
-    174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 132, 181, 182, 132, 183, 184, 185,
-    186, 132, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 132, 194, 195, 196, 197,
-    132, 198, 199, 200, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 201, 202, 34, 203, 132,
-    132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132,
-    132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 204, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 205, 132,
-    132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132,
-    132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132,
-    132, 132, 34, 34, 34, 34, 206, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132,
-    132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132,
-    132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132,
-    132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132,
-    132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132,
-    132, 132, 132, 34, 34, 34, 34, 207, 208, 209, 210, 132, 132, 132, 132,
-    211, 212, 213, 214, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34,
-    34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34,
-    34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 215, 34,
-    34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 216, 217, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132,
-    132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132,
-    132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132,
-    132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132,
-    132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132,
-    132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 218, 34, 34, 219, 34, 34, 220, 132, 132,
-    132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132,
-    132, 132, 221, 222, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132,
-    132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132,
-    132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 223, 224, 64,
-    225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 132, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237,
-    238, 64, 64, 64, 64, 239, 240, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132,
-    241, 132, 242, 243, 244, 132, 132, 245, 132, 132, 132, 246, 132, 132,
-    132, 132, 132, 247, 34, 248, 249, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 250, 251, 252,
-    132, 253, 254, 132, 132, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 132, 64, 260, 64, 64,
-    64, 64, 64, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 64, 64, 266, 267, 64, 268, 132, 132,
-    132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 269, 270, 271, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34,
-    34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 86, 272, 34, 273, 274, 34, 34, 34, 34,
-    34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34,
-    34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34,
-    34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 275, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34,
-    34, 34, 276, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34,
-    34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34,
-    34, 277, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34,
-    34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34,
-    34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34,
-    34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34,
-    34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 109, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34,
-    34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34,
-    34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34,
-    34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34,
-    34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34,
-    34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34,
-    34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34,
-    34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34,
-    278, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34,
-    34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 279, 34, 280,
-    34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34,
-    34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34,
-    34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 281, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34,
-    34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34,
-    34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34,
-    34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 282, 34, 34, 34, 34, 283,
-    132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132,
-    132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 34, 275, 34, 34, 284, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132,
-    132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34,
-    34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34,
-    34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 285, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34,
-    34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34,
-    34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 286, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132,
-    132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132,
-    132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132,
-    132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132,
-    132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132,
-    132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132,
-    132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132,
-    132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132,
-    132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132,
-    132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132,
-    132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132,
-    132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132,
-    132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132,
-    132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132,
-    132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132,
-    132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132,
-    132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132,
-    132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132,
-    132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132,
-    132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132,
-    132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132,
-    132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132,
-    132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132,
-    132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132,
-    132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132,
-    132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132,
-    132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132,
-    132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132,
-    132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132,
-    132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132,
-    132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132,
-    132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132,
-    132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132,
-    132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132,
-    132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132,
-    132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132,
-    132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132,
-    132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132,
-    132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132,
-    132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132,
-    132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132,
-    132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132,
-    132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132,
-    132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132,
-    132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132,
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+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
+    213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213, 213,
 };
 
 static const unsigned short index2[] = {
@@ -2382,1586 +2991,1316 @@ static const unsigned short index2[] = {
     30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29,
     30, 29, 30, 34, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 35, 36, 37, 29, 30, 29, 30, 38,
     29, 30, 39, 39, 29, 30, 19, 40, 41, 42, 29, 30, 39, 43, 44, 45, 46, 29,
-    30, 47, 19, 45, 48, 49, 50, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 51, 29, 30, 51, 19,
-    19, 29, 30, 51, 29, 30, 52, 52, 29, 30, 29, 30, 53, 29, 30, 19, 54, 29,
-    30, 19, 55, 54, 54, 54, 54, 56, 57, 58, 56, 57, 58, 56, 57, 58, 29, 30,
-    29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 59, 29, 30, 29,
-    30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 60, 56, 57,
-    58, 29, 30, 61, 62, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29,
+    30, 47, 48, 45, 49, 50, 51, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 52, 29, 30, 52, 19,
+    19, 29, 30, 52, 29, 30, 53, 53, 29, 30, 29, 30, 54, 29, 30, 19, 55, 29,
+    30, 19, 56, 55, 55, 55, 55, 57, 58, 59, 57, 58, 59, 57, 58, 59, 29, 30,
+    29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 60, 29, 30, 29,
+    30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 61, 57, 58,
+    59, 29, 30, 62, 63, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29,
     30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29,
-    30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 63, 19, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29,
-    30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 64,
-    29, 30, 65, 66, 67, 67, 29, 30, 68, 69, 70, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29,
-    30, 29, 30, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 19, 76, 76, 19, 77, 19, 78, 79, 19, 19,
-    19, 76, 80, 19, 81, 19, 82, 83, 19, 84, 85, 83, 86, 87, 19, 19, 85, 19,
-    88, 89, 19, 19, 90, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 91, 19, 19, 92, 19, 93,
-    92, 19, 19, 19, 94, 92, 95, 96, 96, 97, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 98, 19, 54,
-    19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 99, 100, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19,
-    19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101,
-    101, 101, 102, 102, 102, 102, 102, 102, 102, 101, 101, 5, 5, 5, 5, 102,
-    102, 102, 102, 102, 102, 102, 102, 102, 102, 102, 102, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5,
-    5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5,
-    102, 5, 102, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 24, 24,
+    30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 64, 19, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29,
+    30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 65,
+    29, 30, 66, 67, 68, 68, 29, 30, 69, 70, 71, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29,
+    30, 29, 30, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 19, 77, 77, 19, 78, 19, 79, 80, 19, 19,
+    19, 77, 81, 19, 82, 83, 84, 85, 19, 86, 87, 85, 88, 89, 19, 19, 87, 19,
+    90, 91, 19, 19, 92, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 93, 19, 19, 94, 19, 95,
+    94, 19, 19, 19, 96, 94, 97, 98, 98, 99, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 100, 19, 55,
+    19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 101, 102, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19,
+    19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103,
+    103, 103, 104, 104, 104, 104, 104, 104, 104, 103, 103, 5, 5, 5, 5, 104,
+    104, 104, 104, 104, 104, 104, 104, 104, 104, 104, 104, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5,
+    5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5,
+    104, 5, 104, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 24, 24,
     24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24,
     24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24,
     24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24,
-    24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 103, 24, 24, 24, 24,
+    24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 105, 24, 24, 24, 24,
     24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24,
     24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24,
-    24, 24, 29, 30, 29, 30, 102, 5, 29, 30, 0, 0, 104, 49, 49, 49, 4, 105, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 5, 5, 106, 24, 107, 107, 107, 0, 108, 0, 109, 109, 110, 16, 16,
+    24, 24, 29, 30, 29, 30, 104, 5, 29, 30, 0, 0, 106, 50, 50, 50, 4, 107, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 5, 5, 108, 24, 109, 109, 109, 0, 110, 0, 111, 111, 112, 16, 16,
     16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 0, 16, 16,
-    16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 111, 112, 112, 112, 113, 18, 18, 18, 18, 18,
-    18, 18, 18, 18, 18, 18, 18, 18, 18, 18, 18, 18, 114, 18, 18, 18, 18, 18,
-    18, 18, 18, 18, 115, 116, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 120, 120, 121, 122,
-    123, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29,
-    30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 4, 29, 30, 130,
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-    101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101,
-    101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19,
-    19, 19, 101, 254, 19, 19, 19, 255, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19,
-    19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 256, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19,
-    19, 19, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101,
-    101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101,
-    101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24,
-    24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24,
-    24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24,
-    24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24,
-    24, 24, 24, 24, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30,
-    29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30,
-    29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30,
-    29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30,
-    29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30,
-    29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30,
-    29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30,
-    29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30,
-    29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 19,
-    19, 263, 19, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29,
+    19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19,
+    19, 19, 19, 19, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103,
+    103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103,
+    103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103,
+    103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103,
+    103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19,
+    19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 103, 256, 19, 19, 19, 257, 19, 19, 19, 19,
+    19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 258, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19,
+    19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103,
+    103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103,
+    103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 29,
     30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29,
     30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29,
     30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29,
     30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29,
-    30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 264, 264, 264, 264, 264, 264, 264,
-    264, 265, 265, 265, 265, 265, 265, 265, 265, 264, 264, 264, 264, 264,
-    264, 0, 0, 265, 265, 265, 265, 265, 265, 0, 0, 264, 264, 264, 264, 264,
-    264, 264, 264, 265, 265, 265, 265, 265, 265, 265, 265, 264, 264, 264,
-    264, 264, 264, 264, 264, 265, 265, 265, 265, 265, 265, 265, 265, 264,
-    264, 264, 264, 264, 264, 0, 0, 265, 265, 265, 265, 265, 265, 0, 0, 266,
-    264, 267, 264, 268, 264, 269, 264, 0, 265, 0, 265, 0, 265, 0, 265, 264,
-    264, 264, 264, 264, 264, 264, 264, 265, 265, 265, 265, 265, 265, 265,
-    265, 270, 270, 271, 271, 271, 271, 272, 272, 273, 273, 274, 274, 275,
-    275, 0, 0, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287,
-    288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301,
-    302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312, 313, 314, 315,
-    316, 317, 318, 319, 320, 321, 322, 323, 264, 264, 324, 325, 326, 0, 327,
-    328, 265, 265, 329, 329, 330, 5, 331, 5, 5, 5, 332, 333, 334, 0, 335,
-    336, 337, 337, 337, 337, 338, 5, 5, 5, 264, 264, 339, 340, 0, 0, 341,
-    342, 265, 265, 343, 343, 0, 5, 5, 5, 264, 264, 344, 345, 346, 126, 347,
-    348, 265, 265, 349, 349, 130, 5, 5, 5, 0, 0, 350, 351, 352, 0, 353, 354,
-    355, 355, 356, 356, 357, 5, 5, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 20,
-    358, 358, 20, 20, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
-    4, 4, 5, 4, 4, 5, 2, 2, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 1, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
-    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 17, 17, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
-    4, 4, 4, 17, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 1, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 0, 20,
-    20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 359, 101, 0, 0, 360, 361, 362, 363,
-    364, 365, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 101, 359, 25, 21, 22, 360, 361, 362, 363, 364,
-    365, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 0, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101,
-    101, 101, 101, 0, 0, 0, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
-    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24,
-    24, 5, 5, 5, 5, 24, 5, 5, 5, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24,
-    24, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 4, 120, 4, 4, 4, 4,
-    120, 4, 4, 19, 120, 120, 120, 19, 19, 120, 120, 120, 19, 4, 120, 4, 4,
-    366, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 120, 4, 367, 4, 120, 4,
-    368, 369, 120, 120, 366, 19, 120, 120, 370, 120, 19, 54, 54, 54, 54, 19,
-    4, 4, 19, 19, 120, 120, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 120, 19, 19, 19, 19, 4, 4, 4, 4,
-    371, 4, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
-    372, 372, 372, 372, 372, 372, 372, 372, 372, 372, 372, 372, 372, 372,
-    372, 372, 373, 373, 373, 373, 373, 373, 373, 373, 373, 373, 373, 373,
-    373, 373, 373, 373, 242, 242, 242, 29, 30, 242, 242, 242, 242, 26, 4, 4,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
-    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
-    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
-    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
-    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
-    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
-    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
-    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
-    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
-    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
-    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
-    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 4, 4, 4,
-    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 25, 21, 22, 360, 361, 362, 363, 364, 365, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
-    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 25, 21, 22, 360, 361, 362, 363, 364, 365, 26, 26,
-    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 25, 21, 22, 360, 361, 362, 363, 364,
-    365, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
-    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 374, 374, 374, 374,
-    374, 374, 374, 374, 374, 374, 374, 374, 374, 374, 374, 374, 374, 374,
-    374, 374, 374, 374, 374, 374, 374, 374, 375, 375, 375, 375, 375, 375,
-    375, 375, 375, 375, 375, 375, 375, 375, 375, 375, 375, 375, 375, 375,
-    375, 375, 375, 375, 375, 375, 359, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
-    26, 25, 21, 22, 360, 361, 362, 363, 364, 365, 26, 359, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
-    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
-    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
-    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
-    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
-    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 25, 21, 22, 360, 361,
-    362, 363, 364, 365, 26, 25, 21, 22, 360, 361, 362, 363, 364, 365, 26, 25,
-    21, 22, 360, 361, 362, 363, 364, 365, 26, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
+    30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 259, 260, 261, 262,
+    263, 264, 19, 19, 265, 19, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29,
+    30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29,
+    30, 29, 30, 266, 266, 266, 266, 266, 266, 266, 266, 267, 267, 267, 267,
+    267, 267, 267, 267, 266, 266, 266, 266, 266, 266, 0, 0, 267, 267, 267,
+    267, 267, 267, 0, 0, 266, 266, 266, 266, 266, 266, 266, 266, 267, 267,
+    267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 266, 266, 266, 266, 266, 266, 266, 266,
+    267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 266, 266, 266, 266, 266, 266, 0,
+    0, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 0, 0, 268, 266, 269, 266, 270, 266, 271,
+    266, 0, 267, 0, 267, 0, 267, 0, 267, 266, 266, 266, 266, 266, 266, 266,
+    266, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 267, 272, 272, 273, 273, 273,
+    273, 274, 274, 275, 275, 276, 276, 277, 277, 0, 0, 278, 279, 280, 281,
+    282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295,
+    296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 307, 308, 309,
+    310, 311, 312, 313, 314, 315, 316, 317, 318, 319, 320, 321, 322, 323,
+    324, 325, 266, 266, 326, 327, 328, 0, 329, 330, 267, 267, 331, 331, 332,
+    5, 333, 5, 5, 5, 334, 335, 336, 0, 337, 338, 339, 339, 339, 339, 340, 5,
+    5, 5, 266, 266, 341, 342, 0, 0, 343, 344, 267, 267, 345, 345, 0, 5, 5, 5,
+    266, 266, 346, 347, 348, 128, 349, 350, 267, 267, 351, 351, 132, 5, 5, 5,
+    0, 0, 352, 353, 354, 0, 355, 356, 357, 357, 358, 358, 359, 5, 5, 0, 1, 1,
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 20, 360, 360, 20, 20, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
+    5, 5, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 4, 4, 5, 2, 2, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20,
+    1, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 17, 17, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
+    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 17, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
+    1, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 0, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 361,
+    103, 0, 0, 362, 363, 364, 365, 366, 367, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 103, 361, 25, 21,
+    22, 362, 363, 364, 365, 366, 367, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 0, 103, 103, 103, 103,
+    103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 0, 0, 0, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
     4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
+    4, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24,
+    24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 5, 5, 5, 5, 24, 5, 5, 5, 24, 24, 24, 24,
+    24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 4, 4, 122, 4, 4, 4, 4, 122, 4, 4, 19, 122, 122, 122, 19, 19, 122, 122,
+    122, 19, 4, 122, 4, 4, 368, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
+    122, 4, 369, 4, 122, 4, 370, 371, 122, 122, 368, 19, 122, 122, 372, 122,
+    19, 55, 55, 55, 55, 19, 4, 4, 19, 19, 122, 122, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 122, 19,
+    19, 19, 19, 4, 4, 4, 4, 373, 4, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
+    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 374, 374, 374, 374, 374, 374, 374, 374, 374, 374,
+    374, 374, 374, 374, 374, 374, 375, 375, 375, 375, 375, 375, 375, 375,
+    375, 375, 375, 375, 375, 375, 375, 375, 244, 244, 244, 29, 30, 244, 244,
+    244, 244, 26, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
     4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
     4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
     4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
     4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
     4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
+    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
+    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 25, 21, 22, 362, 363, 364, 365, 366, 367, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
+    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 25, 21, 22, 362, 363, 364, 365, 366, 367, 26, 26, 26,
+    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 25, 21, 22, 362, 363, 364, 365, 366, 367,
+    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
+    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 376, 376, 376, 376, 376,
+    376, 376, 376, 376, 376, 376, 376, 376, 376, 376, 376, 376, 376, 376,
+    376, 376, 376, 376, 376, 376, 376, 377, 377, 377, 377, 377, 377, 377,
+    377, 377, 377, 377, 377, 377, 377, 377, 377, 377, 377, 377, 377, 377,
+    377, 377, 377, 377, 377, 361, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 25,
+    21, 22, 362, 363, 364, 365, 366, 367, 26, 361, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
     4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
+    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 25, 21,
+    22, 362, 363, 364, 365, 366, 367, 26, 25, 21, 22, 362, 363, 364, 365,
+    366, 367, 26, 25, 21, 22, 362, 363, 364, 365, 366, 367, 26, 4, 4, 4, 4,
     4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
-    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 0, 0,
     4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
-    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 0, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
     4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
+    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 0, 0, 4, 4,
     4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
+    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 0, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
     4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
-    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 135, 135, 135, 135,
-    135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135,
-    135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135,
-    135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135,
-    135, 135, 136, 136, 136, 136, 136, 136, 136, 136, 136, 136, 136, 136,
-    136, 136, 136, 136, 136, 136, 136, 136, 136, 136, 136, 136, 136, 136,
-    136, 136, 136, 136, 136, 136, 136, 136, 136, 136, 136, 136, 136, 136,
-    136, 136, 136, 136, 136, 136, 136, 136, 29, 30, 376, 377, 378, 379, 380,
-    29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 381, 382, 383, 384, 19, 29, 30, 19, 29, 30, 19,
-    19, 19, 19, 19, 101, 101, 385, 385, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29,
-    30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29,
-    30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29,
-    30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29,
-    30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29,
-    30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29,
-    30, 19, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 29, 30, 29, 30, 24, 24, 24, 29, 30, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 4, 4, 4, 4, 26, 4, 4, 386, 386, 386, 386, 386, 386, 386, 386, 386,
-    386, 386, 386, 386, 386, 386, 386, 386, 386, 386, 386, 386, 386, 386,
-    386, 386, 386, 386, 386, 386, 386, 386, 386, 386, 386, 386, 386, 386,
-    386, 0, 386, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 386, 0, 0, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54,
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-    54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54,
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+    55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55,
+    55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55,
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+    55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55,
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     24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24,
-    24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 0, 0,
     24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24,
-    24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
-    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
-    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
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     4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
     4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
-    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
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-    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
-    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
-    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
-    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0,
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     4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
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     4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
-    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 17, 17, 24, 24, 24, 4, 4, 4, 17, 17,
-    17, 17, 17, 17, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24,
-    24, 24, 4, 4, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
-    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 24, 24, 24,
-    24, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
     4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
-    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
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+    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 17, 17, 24, 24, 24, 4, 4, 4, 17, 17, 17,
+    17, 17, 17, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24,
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+    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 24, 24, 24, 24, 4,
     4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
     4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
-    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 24, 24, 24, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
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     0, 0, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
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-    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
-    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
-    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
-    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
-    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
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-    120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120,
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-    120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120,
-    120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19,
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     19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19,
-    19, 19, 120, 0, 120, 120, 0, 0, 120, 0, 0, 120, 120, 0, 0, 120, 120, 120,
-    120, 0, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 19, 19, 19, 19, 0, 19, 0,
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     19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 0, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19,
-    19, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120,
-    120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 19, 19, 19,
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+    122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 19, 19, 19,
     19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19,
-    19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 120, 120, 0, 120, 120, 120, 120, 0, 0, 120, 120, 120,
-    120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 0, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 0, 19, 19,
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+    122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 0, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 0, 19, 19,
     19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19,
-    19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 120, 120, 0, 120, 120, 120, 120, 0, 120, 120,
-    120, 120, 120, 0, 120, 0, 0, 0, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 0, 19,
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+    122, 122, 122, 0, 122, 0, 0, 0, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 0, 19,
     19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19,
-    19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120,
-    120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120,
-    120, 120, 120, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19,
-    19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120,
-    120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120,
-    120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19,
-    19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 120,
-    120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120,
-    120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 19, 19, 19, 19,
+    19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122,
+    122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122,
+    122, 122, 122, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19,
+    19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122,
+    122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122,
+    122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19,
+    19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 122,
+    122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122,
+    122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 19, 19, 19, 19,
     19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19,
-    19, 19, 19, 19, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120,
-    120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120,
-    120, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19,
-    19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120,
-    120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120,
-    120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19,
-    19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 120, 120, 120,
-    120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120,
-    120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19,
+    19, 19, 19, 19, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122,
+    122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122,
+    122, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19,
+    19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122,
+    122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122,
+    122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19,
+    19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 122, 122, 122,
+    122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122,
+    122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19,
     19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19,
-    19, 19, 19, 0, 0, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120,
-    120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 4,
+    19, 19, 19, 0, 0, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122,
+    122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 4,
     19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19,
-    19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 4, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 120, 120, 120,
-    120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120,
-    120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 4, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19,
+    19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 4, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 122, 122, 122,
+    122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122,
+    122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 4, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19,
     19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19,
-    4, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120,
-    120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120,
-    120, 120, 4, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19,
-    19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 4, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 120,
-    120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120,
-    120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 4, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19,
+    4, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122,
+    122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122,
+    122, 122, 4, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19,
+    19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 4, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 122,
+    122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122,
+    122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 4, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19,
     19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19,
-    19, 19, 4, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120,
-    120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120,
-    120, 120, 120, 120, 4, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19,
+    19, 19, 4, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122,
+    122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122,
+    122, 122, 122, 122, 4, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19,
     19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 4, 19, 19, 19, 19,
-    19, 19, 120, 19, 0, 0, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 6, 7, 8, 9,
+    19, 19, 122, 19, 0, 0, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 6, 7, 8, 9,
     10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 6, 7, 8, 9,
     10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 24, 24, 24,
     24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24,
@@ -3973,297 +4312,188 @@ static const unsigned short index2[] = {
     4, 4, 4, 4, 24, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 24, 4, 4, 4, 4,
     4, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24,
     0, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 54, 19, 19, 19,
-    19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 0, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24,
-    24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 0, 0, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 0, 24, 24,
-    0, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101,
-    101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101,
-    101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101,
-    101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101,
-    101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 24, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 54,
-    54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54,
-    54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54,
-    54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 0, 0, 0, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 102,
-    102, 102, 102, 102, 102, 102, 0, 0, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 54, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 54, 54,
-    54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54,
-    54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 24, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54,
-    54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54,
-    54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 24, 24, 24, 24, 6, 7,
-    8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54,
-    54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 102, 24, 24, 24, 24, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
-    11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 0, 54,
-    54, 54, 54, 0, 54, 54, 0, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54,
-    54, 54, 54, 0, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54,
-    54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54,
-    54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54,
-    54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54,
-    54, 0, 0, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 502, 502, 502, 502,
-    502, 502, 502, 502, 502, 502, 502, 502, 502, 502, 502, 502, 502, 502,
-    502, 502, 502, 502, 502, 502, 502, 502, 502, 502, 502, 502, 502, 502,
-    502, 502, 503, 503, 503, 503, 503, 503, 503, 503, 503, 503, 503, 503,
-    503, 503, 503, 503, 503, 503, 503, 503, 503, 503, 503, 503, 503, 503,
-    503, 503, 503, 503, 503, 503, 503, 503, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 102,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 4, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 26,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19,
+    19, 19, 55, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19,
+    19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24,
+    24, 24, 0, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24,
+    24, 24, 0, 0, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 0, 24, 24, 0, 24, 24, 24, 24,
+    24, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103,
+    103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103,
+    103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103,
+    103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103,
+    103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 103, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    24, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55,
+    55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55,
+    55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 0, 0, 0, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24,
+    24, 104, 104, 104, 104, 104, 104, 104, 0, 0, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13,
+    14, 15, 0, 0, 0, 0, 55, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55,
+    55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 24, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55,
+    55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55,
+    55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 24, 24,
+    24, 24, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55,
+    55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55,
+    104, 24, 24, 24, 24, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55,
+    55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55,
+    55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 24, 24, 55, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14,
+    15, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 0,
+    55, 55, 55, 55, 0, 55, 55, 0, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55,
+    55, 55, 55, 55, 0, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 0, 0, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
+    26, 26, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 506, 506, 506, 506, 506, 506, 506, 506, 506, 506, 506,
+    506, 506, 506, 506, 506, 506, 506, 506, 506, 506, 506, 506, 506, 506,
+    506, 506, 506, 506, 506, 506, 506, 506, 506, 507, 507, 507, 507, 507,
+    507, 507, 507, 507, 507, 507, 507, 507, 507, 507, 507, 507, 507, 507,
+    507, 507, 507, 507, 507, 507, 507, 507, 507, 507, 507, 507, 507, 507,
+    507, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 104, 0, 0, 0, 0, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12,
+    13, 14, 15, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 26, 26, 26, 26,
     26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
     26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
     26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
-    26, 26, 26, 26, 4, 26, 26, 26, 4, 26, 26, 26, 26, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 26, 26, 26,
+    26, 4, 26, 26, 26, 4, 26, 26, 26, 26, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
     26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
-    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 4, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
-    26, 26, 26, 26, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 54,
-    54, 54, 54, 0, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54,
-    54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 0, 54, 54, 0, 54, 0,
-    0, 54, 0, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 0, 54, 54, 54, 54, 0,
-    54, 0, 54, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 54, 0, 0, 0, 0, 54, 0, 54, 0, 54, 0, 54, 54,
-    54, 0, 54, 54, 0, 54, 0, 0, 54, 0, 54, 0, 54, 0, 54, 0, 54, 0, 54, 54, 0,
-    54, 0, 0, 54, 54, 54, 54, 0, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 0, 54, 54, 54,
-    54, 0, 54, 54, 54, 54, 0, 54, 0, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54,
-    0, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 54, 54, 54, 0, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 0, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54,
-    54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
-    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
-    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
-    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
-    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
-    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
-    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 0, 0, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
-    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 0, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
-    4, 4, 0, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
-    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 359, 359, 25, 21, 22, 360, 361, 362, 363, 364, 365, 26, 26, 4, 4,
+    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 4, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26,
+    26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 0, 0, 55, 55, 55, 55, 0, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55,
+    55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55,
+    55, 55, 55, 55, 0, 55, 55, 0, 55, 0, 0, 55, 0, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55,
+    55, 55, 55, 55, 0, 55, 55, 55, 55, 0, 55, 0, 55, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 55, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 55, 0, 55, 0, 55, 0, 55, 55, 55, 0, 55, 55, 0, 55, 0, 0, 55, 0,
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-    54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54,
-    54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54,
-    54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54,
-    54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54,
-    54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54,
-    54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54,
-    54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54,
-    54, 388, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54,
-    54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54,
-    54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54,
-    54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54,
-    54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54,
-    54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54,
-    54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54,
-    54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54,
-    54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54,
-    54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54,
-    54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54,
-    54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54,
-    54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54,
-    54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 54, 54, 54, 54,
-    54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54,
-    54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54,
-    54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54,
-    54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54,
-    54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54,
-    0, 0, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54,
-    54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54,
-    54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54,
-    54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54,
-    54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54,
-    54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54,
-    54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54,
-    54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 54, 54, 54,
-    54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54,
-    54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54,
-    54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54,
-    54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54,
-    54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54,
-    54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54,
-    54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54,
-    54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54,
-    54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54,
-    54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54,
-    54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54,
-    54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54,
-    54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54,
-    54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54,
-    54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54,
-    54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 54, 54, 54, 54,
-    54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54,
-    54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54,
-    54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54,
-    54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54,
-    54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54,
-    54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 54, 54,
-    54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54,
-    54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54,
-    54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54,
-    54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54,
-    54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54,
-    54, 54, 54, 54, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 55, 390, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55,
+    55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55,
+    55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55,
+    55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55,
+    55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55,
+    55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55,
+    55, 390, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55,
+    55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55,
+    55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55,
+    55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 390, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55,
+    55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55,
+    55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 390, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 390, 55, 55,
+    55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 390, 55, 55, 55, 55,
+    55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55,
+    55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55,
+    55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55,
+    55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55,
+    55, 390, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55,
+    55, 55, 390, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55,
+    55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 390, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55,
+    55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55,
+    55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55,
+    55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 390, 55, 55, 55, 55,
+    55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55,
+    55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55,
+    55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55,
+    55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 390, 55, 55, 55, 55,
+    55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55,
+    55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55,
+    55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55,
+    55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55,
+    55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55,
+    55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55,
+    55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55,
+    55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55,
+    55, 55, 55, 0, 0, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55,
+    55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55,
+    55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55,
+    55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55,
+    55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55,
+    55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55,
+    55, 55, 55, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 55, 55, 55, 55,
+    55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55,
+    55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55,
+    55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55,
+    55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55,
+    55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55,
+    55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55,
+    55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55,
+    55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55,
+    55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 20, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 20, 20,
     20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20,
@@ -4273,19 +4503,8 @@ static const unsigned short index2[] = {
     20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20,
     20, 20, 20, 20, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24,
     24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24,
-    24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24,
-    24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24,
-    24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24,
-    24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24,
-    24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24,
-    24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24,
-    24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24,
-    24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24,
-    24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24,
-    24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24,
-    24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24,
-    24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
 };
 
 /* Returns the numeric value as double for Unicode characters
@@ -4348,6 +4567,7 @@ double _PyUnicode_ToNumeric(Py_UCS4 ch)
     case 0x1018A:
     case 0x104A0:
     case 0x10D30:
+    case 0x10D40:
     case 0x11066:
     case 0x110F0:
     case 0x11136:
@@ -4357,17 +4577,23 @@ double _PyUnicode_ToNumeric(Py_UCS4 ch)
     case 0x114D0:
     case 0x11650:
     case 0x116C0:
+    case 0x116D0:
+    case 0x116DA:
     case 0x11730:
     case 0x118E0:
     case 0x11950:
+    case 0x11BF0:
     case 0x11C50:
     case 0x11D50:
     case 0x11DA0:
     case 0x11F50:
+    case 0x16130:
     case 0x16A60:
     case 0x16AC0:
     case 0x16B50:
+    case 0x16D70:
     case 0x16E80:
+    case 0x1CCF0:
     case 0x1D2C0:
     case 0x1D2E0:
     case 0x1D7CE:
@@ -4378,6 +4604,7 @@ double _PyUnicode_ToNumeric(Py_UCS4 ch)
     case 0x1E140:
     case 0x1E2F0:
     case 0x1E4F0:
+    case 0x1E5F1:
     case 0x1E950:
     case 0x1F100:
     case 0x1F101:
@@ -4473,6 +4700,7 @@ double _PyUnicode_ToNumeric(Py_UCS4 ch)
     case 0x10BA9:
     case 0x10CFA:
     case 0x10D31:
+    case 0x10D41:
     case 0x10E60:
     case 0x10F1D:
     case 0x10F51:
@@ -4488,9 +4716,12 @@ double _PyUnicode_ToNumeric(Py_UCS4 ch)
     case 0x114D1:
     case 0x11651:
     case 0x116C1:
+    case 0x116D1:
+    case 0x116DB:
     case 0x11731:
     case 0x118E1:
     case 0x11951:
+    case 0x11BF1:
     case 0x11C51:
     case 0x11C5A:
     case 0x11D51:
@@ -4502,11 +4733,14 @@ double _PyUnicode_ToNumeric(Py_UCS4 ch)
     case 0x12434:
     case 0x1244F:
     case 0x12458:
+    case 0x16131:
     case 0x16A61:
     case 0x16AC1:
     case 0x16B51:
+    case 0x16D71:
     case 0x16E81:
     case 0x16E94:
+    case 0x1CCF1:
     case 0x1D2C1:
     case 0x1D2E1:
     case 0x1D360:
@@ -4520,6 +4754,7 @@ double _PyUnicode_ToNumeric(Py_UCS4 ch)
     case 0x1E141:
     case 0x1E2F1:
     case 0x1E4F1:
+    case 0x1E5F2:
     case 0x1E8C7:
     case 0x1E951:
     case 0x1EC71:
@@ -4959,6 +5194,7 @@ double _PyUnicode_ToNumeric(Py_UCS4 ch)
     case 0x10B79:
     case 0x10BAA:
     case 0x10D32:
+    case 0x10D42:
     case 0x10E61:
     case 0x10F1E:
     case 0x10FC6:
@@ -4973,9 +5209,12 @@ double _PyUnicode_ToNumeric(Py_UCS4 ch)
     case 0x114D2:
     case 0x11652:
     case 0x116C2:
+    case 0x116D2:
+    case 0x116DC:
     case 0x11732:
     case 0x118E2:
     case 0x11952:
+    case 0x11BF2:
     case 0x11C52:
     case 0x11C5B:
     case 0x11D52:
@@ -4991,11 +5230,14 @@ double _PyUnicode_ToNumeric(Py_UCS4 ch)
     case 0x12450:
     case 0x12456:
     case 0x12459:
+    case 0x16132:
     case 0x16A62:
     case 0x16AC2:
     case 0x16B52:
+    case 0x16D72:
     case 0x16E82:
     case 0x16E95:
+    case 0x1CCF2:
     case 0x1D2C2:
     case 0x1D2E2:
     case 0x1D361:
@@ -5008,6 +5250,7 @@ double _PyUnicode_ToNumeric(Py_UCS4 ch)
     case 0x1E142:
     case 0x1E2F2:
     case 0x1E4F2:
+    case 0x1E5F3:
     case 0x1E8C8:
     case 0x1E952:
     case 0x1EC72:
@@ -5189,6 +5432,7 @@ double _PyUnicode_ToNumeric(Py_UCS4 ch)
     case 0x10B7A:
     case 0x10BAB:
     case 0x10D33:
+    case 0x10D43:
     case 0x10E62:
     case 0x10F1F:
     case 0x10FC7:
@@ -5203,9 +5447,12 @@ double _PyUnicode_ToNumeric(Py_UCS4 ch)
     case 0x114D3:
     case 0x11653:
     case 0x116C3:
+    case 0x116D3:
+    case 0x116DD:
     case 0x11733:
     case 0x118E3:
     case 0x11953:
+    case 0x11BF3:
     case 0x11C53:
     case 0x11C5C:
     case 0x11D53:
@@ -5226,11 +5473,14 @@ double _PyUnicode_ToNumeric(Py_UCS4 ch)
     case 0x1244B:
     case 0x12451:
     case 0x12457:
+    case 0x16133:
     case 0x16A63:
     case 0x16AC3:
     case 0x16B53:
+    case 0x16D73:
     case 0x16E83:
     case 0x16E96:
+    case 0x1CCF3:
     case 0x1D2C3:
     case 0x1D2E3:
     case 0x1D362:
@@ -5243,6 +5493,7 @@ double _PyUnicode_ToNumeric(Py_UCS4 ch)
     case 0x1E143:
     case 0x1E2F3:
     case 0x1E4F3:
+    case 0x1E5F4:
     case 0x1E8C9:
     case 0x1E953:
     case 0x1EC73:
@@ -5415,6 +5666,7 @@ double _PyUnicode_ToNumeric(Py_UCS4 ch)
     case 0x10B7B:
     case 0x10BAC:
     case 0x10D34:
+    case 0x10D44:
     case 0x10E63:
     case 0x10F20:
     case 0x10FC8:
@@ -5429,9 +5681,12 @@ double _PyUnicode_ToNumeric(Py_UCS4 ch)
     case 0x114D4:
     case 0x11654:
     case 0x116C4:
+    case 0x116D4:
+    case 0x116DE:
     case 0x11734:
     case 0x118E4:
     case 0x11954:
+    case 0x11BF4:
     case 0x11C54:
     case 0x11C5D:
     case 0x11D54:
@@ -5453,10 +5708,13 @@ double _PyUnicode_ToNumeric(Py_UCS4 ch)
     case 0x12452:
     case 0x12453:
     case 0x12469:
+    case 0x16134:
     case 0x16A64:
     case 0x16AC4:
     case 0x16B54:
+    case 0x16D74:
     case 0x16E84:
+    case 0x1CCF4:
     case 0x1D2C4:
     case 0x1D2E4:
     case 0x1D363:
@@ -5469,6 +5727,7 @@ double _PyUnicode_ToNumeric(Py_UCS4 ch)
     case 0x1E144:
     case 0x1E2F4:
     case 0x1E4F4:
+    case 0x1E5F5:
     case 0x1E8CA:
     case 0x1E954:
     case 0x1EC74:
@@ -5618,6 +5877,7 @@ double _PyUnicode_ToNumeric(Py_UCS4 ch)
     case 0x10AEC:
     case 0x10CFB:
     case 0x10D35:
+    case 0x10D45:
     case 0x10E64:
     case 0x10F21:
     case 0x11056:
@@ -5631,9 +5891,12 @@ double _PyUnicode_ToNumeric(Py_UCS4 ch)
     case 0x114D5:
     case 0x11655:
     case 0x116C5:
+    case 0x116D5:
+    case 0x116DF:
     case 0x11735:
     case 0x118E5:
     case 0x11955:
+    case 0x11BF5:
     case 0x11C55:
     case 0x11C5E:
     case 0x11D55:
@@ -5651,10 +5914,13 @@ double _PyUnicode_ToNumeric(Py_UCS4 ch)
     case 0x12454:
     case 0x12455:
     case 0x1246A:
+    case 0x16135:
     case 0x16A65:
     case 0x16AC5:
     case 0x16B55:
+    case 0x16D75:
     case 0x16E85:
+    case 0x1CCF5:
     case 0x1D2C5:
     case 0x1D2E5:
     case 0x1D364:
@@ -5668,6 +5934,7 @@ double _PyUnicode_ToNumeric(Py_UCS4 ch)
     case 0x1E145:
     case 0x1E2F5:
     case 0x1E4F5:
+    case 0x1E5F6:
     case 0x1E8CB:
     case 0x1E955:
     case 0x1EC75:
@@ -5818,6 +6085,7 @@ double _PyUnicode_ToNumeric(Py_UCS4 ch)
     case 0x104A6:
     case 0x109C5:
     case 0x10D36:
+    case 0x10D46:
     case 0x10E65:
     case 0x11057:
     case 0x1106C:
@@ -5830,9 +6098,12 @@ double _PyUnicode_ToNumeric(Py_UCS4 ch)
     case 0x114D6:
     case 0x11656:
     case 0x116C6:
+    case 0x116D6:
+    case 0x116E0:
     case 0x11736:
     case 0x118E6:
     case 0x11956:
+    case 0x11BF6:
     case 0x11C56:
     case 0x11C5F:
     case 0x11D56:
@@ -5846,10 +6117,13 @@ double _PyUnicode_ToNumeric(Py_UCS4 ch)
     case 0x12440:
     case 0x1244E:
     case 0x1246B:
+    case 0x16136:
     case 0x16A66:
     case 0x16AC6:
     case 0x16B56:
+    case 0x16D76:
     case 0x16E86:
+    case 0x1CCF6:
     case 0x1D2C6:
     case 0x1D2E6:
     case 0x1D365:
@@ -5861,6 +6135,7 @@ double _PyUnicode_ToNumeric(Py_UCS4 ch)
     case 0x1E146:
     case 0x1E2F6:
     case 0x1E4F6:
+    case 0x1E5F7:
     case 0x1E8CC:
     case 0x1E956:
     case 0x1EC76:
@@ -5971,6 +6246,7 @@ double _PyUnicode_ToNumeric(Py_UCS4 ch)
     case 0x104A7:
     case 0x109C6:
     case 0x10D37:
+    case 0x10D47:
     case 0x10E66:
     case 0x11058:
     case 0x1106D:
@@ -5983,9 +6259,12 @@ double _PyUnicode_ToNumeric(Py_UCS4 ch)
     case 0x114D7:
     case 0x11657:
     case 0x116C7:
+    case 0x116D7:
+    case 0x116E1:
     case 0x11737:
     case 0x118E7:
     case 0x11957:
+    case 0x11BF7:
     case 0x11C57:
     case 0x11C60:
     case 0x11D57:
@@ -6000,10 +6279,13 @@ double _PyUnicode_ToNumeric(Py_UCS4 ch)
     case 0x12442:
     case 0x12443:
     case 0x1246C:
+    case 0x16137:
     case 0x16A67:
     case 0x16AC7:
     case 0x16B57:
+    case 0x16D77:
     case 0x16E87:
+    case 0x1CCF7:
     case 0x1D2C7:
     case 0x1D2E7:
     case 0x1D366:
@@ -6015,6 +6297,7 @@ double _PyUnicode_ToNumeric(Py_UCS4 ch)
     case 0x1E147:
     case 0x1E2F7:
     case 0x1E4F7:
+    case 0x1E5F8:
     case 0x1E8CD:
     case 0x1E957:
     case 0x1EC77:
@@ -6125,6 +6408,7 @@ double _PyUnicode_ToNumeric(Py_UCS4 ch)
     case 0x104A8:
     case 0x109C7:
     case 0x10D38:
+    case 0x10D48:
     case 0x10E67:
     case 0x11059:
     case 0x1106E:
@@ -6137,9 +6421,12 @@ double _PyUnicode_ToNumeric(Py_UCS4 ch)
     case 0x114D8:
     case 0x11658:
     case 0x116C8:
+    case 0x116D8:
+    case 0x116E2:
     case 0x11738:
     case 0x118E8:
     case 0x11958:
+    case 0x11BF8:
     case 0x11C58:
     case 0x11C61:
     case 0x11D58:
@@ -6153,10 +6440,13 @@ double _PyUnicode_ToNumeric(Py_UCS4 ch)
     case 0x12444:
     case 0x12445:
     case 0x1246D:
+    case 0x16138:
     case 0x16A68:
     case 0x16AC8:
     case 0x16B58:
+    case 0x16D78:
     case 0x16E88:
+    case 0x1CCF8:
     case 0x1D2C8:
     case 0x1D2E8:
     case 0x1D367:
@@ -6168,6 +6458,7 @@ double _PyUnicode_ToNumeric(Py_UCS4 ch)
     case 0x1E148:
     case 0x1E2F8:
     case 0x1E4F8:
+    case 0x1E5F9:
     case 0x1E8CE:
     case 0x1E958:
     case 0x1EC78:
@@ -6275,6 +6566,7 @@ double _PyUnicode_ToNumeric(Py_UCS4 ch)
     case 0x104A9:
     case 0x109C8:
     case 0x10D39:
+    case 0x10D49:
     case 0x10E68:
     case 0x1105A:
     case 0x1106F:
@@ -6287,9 +6579,12 @@ double _PyUnicode_ToNumeric(Py_UCS4 ch)
     case 0x114D9:
     case 0x11659:
     case 0x116C9:
+    case 0x116D9:
+    case 0x116E3:
     case 0x11739:
     case 0x118E9:
     case 0x11959:
+    case 0x11BF9:
     case 0x11C59:
     case 0x11C62:
     case 0x11D59:
@@ -6305,10 +6600,13 @@ double _PyUnicode_ToNumeric(Py_UCS4 ch)
     case 0x12448:
     case 0x12449:
     case 0x1246E:
+    case 0x16139:
     case 0x16A69:
     case 0x16AC9:
     case 0x16B59:
+    case 0x16D79:
     case 0x16E89:
+    case 0x1CCF9:
     case 0x1D2C9:
     case 0x1D2E9:
     case 0x1D368:
@@ -6320,6 +6618,7 @@ double _PyUnicode_ToNumeric(Py_UCS4 ch)
     case 0x1E149:
     case 0x1E2F9:
     case 0x1E4F9:
+    case 0x1E5FA:
     case 0x1E8CF:
     case 0x1E959:
     case 0x1EC79:
diff --git a/Objects/unionobject.c b/Objects/unionobject.c
index bf5605686f8df7..6e65a653a95c46 100644
--- a/Objects/unionobject.c
+++ b/Objects/unionobject.c
@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
 // types.UnionType -- used to represent e.g. Union[int, str], int | str
 #include "Python.h"
 #include "pycore_object.h"  // _PyObject_GC_TRACK/UNTRACK
-#include "pycore_typevarobject.h"  // _PyTypeAlias_Type
+#include "pycore_typevarobject.h"  // _PyTypeAlias_Type, _Py_typing_type_repr
 #include "pycore_unionobject.h"
 
 
-
 static PyObject *make_union(PyObject *);
 
 
@@ -81,7 +80,7 @@ is_same(PyObject *left, PyObject *right)
 static int
 contains(PyObject **items, Py_ssize_t size, PyObject *obj)
 {
-    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {
         int is_duplicate = is_same(items[i], obj);
         if (is_duplicate) {  // -1 or 1
             return is_duplicate;
@@ -97,7 +96,7 @@ merge(PyObject **items1, Py_ssize_t size1,
     PyObject *tuple = NULL;
     Py_ssize_t pos = 0;
 
-    for (int i = 0; i < size2; i++) {
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < size2; i++) {
         PyObject *arg = items2[i];
         int is_duplicate = contains(items1, size1, arg);
         if (is_duplicate < 0) {
@@ -181,87 +180,32 @@ _Py_union_type_or(PyObject* self, PyObject* other)
     return new_union;
 }
 
-static int
-union_repr_item(_PyUnicodeWriter *writer, PyObject *p)
-{
-    PyObject *qualname = NULL;
-    PyObject *module = NULL;
-    PyObject *r = NULL;
-    int rc;
-
-    if (p == (PyObject *)&_PyNone_Type) {
-        return _PyUnicodeWriter_WriteASCIIString(writer, "None", 4);
-    }
-
-    if ((rc = PyObject_HasAttrWithError(p, &_Py_ID(__origin__))) > 0 &&
-        (rc = PyObject_HasAttrWithError(p, &_Py_ID(__args__))) > 0)
-    {
-        // It looks like a GenericAlias
-        goto use_repr;
-    }
-    if (rc < 0) {
-        goto exit;
-    }
-
-    if (PyObject_GetOptionalAttr(p, &_Py_ID(__qualname__), &qualname) < 0) {
-        goto exit;
-    }
-    if (qualname == NULL) {
-        goto use_repr;
-    }
-    if (PyObject_GetOptionalAttr(p, &_Py_ID(__module__), &module) < 0) {
-        goto exit;
-    }
-    if (module == NULL || module == Py_None) {
-        goto use_repr;
-    }
-
-    // Looks like a class
-    if (PyUnicode_Check(module) &&
-        _PyUnicode_EqualToASCIIString(module, "builtins"))
-    {
-        // builtins don't need a module name
-        r = PyObject_Str(qualname);
-        goto exit;
-    }
-    else {
-        r = PyUnicode_FromFormat("%S.%S", module, qualname);
-        goto exit;
-    }
-
-use_repr:
-    r = PyObject_Repr(p);
-exit:
-    Py_XDECREF(qualname);
-    Py_XDECREF(module);
-    if (r == NULL) {
-        return -1;
-    }
-    rc = _PyUnicodeWriter_WriteStr(writer, r);
-    Py_DECREF(r);
-    return rc;
-}
-
 static PyObject *
 union_repr(PyObject *self)
 {
     unionobject *alias = (unionobject *)self;
     Py_ssize_t len = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(alias->args);
 
-    _PyUnicodeWriter writer;
-    _PyUnicodeWriter_Init(&writer);
-     for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
-        if (i > 0 && _PyUnicodeWriter_WriteASCIIString(&writer, " | ", 3) < 0) {
+    // Shortest type name "int" (3 chars) + " | " (3 chars) separator
+    Py_ssize_t estimate = (len <= PY_SSIZE_T_MAX / 6) ? len * 6 : len;
+    PyUnicodeWriter *writer = PyUnicodeWriter_Create(estimate);
+    if (writer == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+        if (i > 0 && PyUnicodeWriter_WriteUTF8(writer, " | ", 3) < 0) {
             goto error;
         }
         PyObject *p = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(alias->args, i);
-        if (union_repr_item(&writer, p) < 0) {
+        if (_Py_typing_type_repr(writer, p) < 0) {
             goto error;
         }
     }
-    return _PyUnicodeWriter_Finish(&writer);
+    return PyUnicodeWriter_Finish(writer);
+
 error:
-    _PyUnicodeWriter_Dealloc(&writer);
+    PyUnicodeWriter_Discard(writer);
     return NULL;
 }
 
diff --git a/Objects/weakrefobject.c b/Objects/weakrefobject.c
index 3b027e1b518ba6..9e3da1c3394d5b 100644
--- a/Objects/weakrefobject.c
+++ b/Objects/weakrefobject.c
@@ -104,9 +104,11 @@ clear_weakref_lock_held(PyWeakReference *self, PyObject **callback)
 
 // Clear the weakref and its callback
 static void
-clear_weakref(PyWeakReference *self)
+clear_weakref(PyObject *op)
 {
+    PyWeakReference *self = _PyWeakref_CAST(op);
     PyObject *callback = NULL;
+
     // self->wr_object may be Py_None if the GC cleared the weakref, so lock
     // using the pointer in the weakref.
     LOCK_WEAKREFS_FOR_WR(self);
@@ -139,22 +141,24 @@ static void
 weakref_dealloc(PyObject *self)
 {
     PyObject_GC_UnTrack(self);
-    clear_weakref((PyWeakReference *) self);
+    clear_weakref(self);
     Py_TYPE(self)->tp_free(self);
 }
 
 
 static int
-gc_traverse(PyWeakReference *self, visitproc visit, void *arg)
+gc_traverse(PyObject *op, visitproc visit, void *arg)
 {
+    PyWeakReference *self = _PyWeakref_CAST(op);
     Py_VISIT(self->wr_callback);
     return 0;
 }
 
 
 static int
-gc_clear(PyWeakReference *self)
+gc_clear(PyObject *op)
 {
+    PyWeakReference *self = _PyWeakref_CAST(op);
     PyObject *callback;
     // The world is stopped during GC in free-threaded builds. It's safe to
     // call this without holding the lock.
@@ -198,8 +202,9 @@ weakref_hash_lock_held(PyWeakReference *self)
 }
 
 static Py_hash_t
-weakref_hash(PyWeakReference *self)
+weakref_hash(PyObject *op)
 {
+    PyWeakReference *self = _PyWeakref_CAST(op);
     Py_hash_t hash;
     Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
     hash = weakref_hash_lock_held(self);
@@ -426,6 +431,10 @@ get_or_create_weakref(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *obj, PyObject *callback)
             return basic_ref;
         }
         PyWeakReference *newref = allocate_weakref(type, obj, callback);
+        if (newref == NULL) {
+            UNLOCK_WEAKREFS(obj);
+            return NULL;
+        }
         insert_weakref(newref, list);
         UNLOCK_WEAKREFS(obj);
         return newref;
@@ -433,6 +442,9 @@ get_or_create_weakref(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *obj, PyObject *callback)
     else {
         // We may not be able to safely allocate inside the lock
         PyWeakReference *newref = allocate_weakref(type, obj, callback);
+        if (newref == NULL) {
+            return NULL;
+        }
         LOCK_WEAKREFS(obj);
         insert_weakref(newref, list);
         UNLOCK_WEAKREFS(obj);
@@ -492,11 +504,11 @@ _PyWeakref_RefType = {
     .tp_vectorcall_offset = offsetof(PyWeakReference, vectorcall),
     .tp_call = PyVectorcall_Call,
     .tp_repr = weakref_repr,
-    .tp_hash = (hashfunc)weakref_hash,
+    .tp_hash = weakref_hash,
     .tp_flags = Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC |
                 Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_VECTORCALL | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE,
-    .tp_traverse = (traverseproc)gc_traverse,
-    .tp_clear = (inquiry)gc_clear,
+    .tp_traverse = gc_traverse,
+    .tp_clear = gc_clear,
     .tp_richcompare = weakref_richcompare,
     .tp_methods = weakref_methods,
     .tp_members = weakref_members,
@@ -680,7 +692,7 @@ proxy_bool(PyObject *proxy)
 }
 
 static void
-proxy_dealloc(PyWeakReference *self)
+proxy_dealloc(PyObject *self)
 {
     PyObject_GC_UnTrack(self);
     clear_weakref(self);
@@ -843,7 +855,7 @@ _PyWeakref_ProxyType = {
     sizeof(PyWeakReference),
     0,
     /* methods */
-    (destructor)proxy_dealloc,          /* tp_dealloc */
+    proxy_dealloc,                      /* tp_dealloc */
     0,                                  /* tp_vectorcall_offset */
     0,                                  /* tp_getattr */
     0,                                  /* tp_setattr */
@@ -861,8 +873,8 @@ _PyWeakref_ProxyType = {
     0,                                  /* tp_as_buffer */
     Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC, /* tp_flags */
     0,                                  /* tp_doc */
-    (traverseproc)gc_traverse,          /* tp_traverse */
-    (inquiry)gc_clear,                  /* tp_clear */
+    gc_traverse,                        /* tp_traverse */
+    gc_clear,                           /* tp_clear */
     proxy_richcompare,                  /* tp_richcompare */
     0,                                  /* tp_weaklistoffset */
     proxy_iter,                         /* tp_iter */
@@ -878,7 +890,7 @@ _PyWeakref_CallableProxyType = {
     sizeof(PyWeakReference),
     0,
     /* methods */
-    (destructor)proxy_dealloc,          /* tp_dealloc */
+    proxy_dealloc,                      /* tp_dealloc */
     0,                                  /* tp_vectorcall_offset */
     0,                                  /* tp_getattr */
     0,                                  /* tp_setattr */
@@ -895,8 +907,8 @@ _PyWeakref_CallableProxyType = {
     0,                                  /* tp_as_buffer */
     Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC, /* tp_flags */
     0,                                  /* tp_doc */
-    (traverseproc)gc_traverse,          /* tp_traverse */
-    (inquiry)gc_clear,                  /* tp_clear */
+    gc_traverse,                        /* tp_traverse */
+    gc_clear,                           /* tp_clear */
     proxy_richcompare,                  /* tp_richcompare */
     0,                                  /* tp_weaklistoffset */
     proxy_iter,                         /* tp_iter */
@@ -1016,7 +1028,7 @@ PyObject_ClearWeakRefs(PyObject *object)
     PyObject *exc = PyErr_GetRaisedException();
     PyObject *tuple = PyTuple_New(num_weakrefs * 2);
     if (tuple == NULL) {
-        _PyWeakref_ClearWeakRefsExceptCallbacks(object);
+        _PyWeakref_ClearWeakRefsNoCallbacks(object);
         PyErr_WriteUnraisable(NULL);
         PyErr_SetRaisedException(exc);
         return;
@@ -1057,6 +1069,14 @@ PyObject_ClearWeakRefs(PyObject *object)
     PyErr_SetRaisedException(exc);
 }
 
+void
+PyUnstable_Object_ClearWeakRefsNoCallbacks(PyObject *obj)
+{
+    if (_PyType_SUPPORTS_WEAKREFS(Py_TYPE(obj))) {
+        _PyWeakref_ClearWeakRefsNoCallbacks(obj);
+    }
+}
+
 /* This function is called by _PyStaticType_Dealloc() to clear weak references.
  *
  * This is called at the end of runtime finalization, so we can just
@@ -1076,7 +1096,7 @@ _PyStaticType_ClearWeakRefs(PyInterpreterState *interp, PyTypeObject *type)
 }
 
 void
-_PyWeakref_ClearWeakRefsExceptCallbacks(PyObject *obj)
+_PyWeakref_ClearWeakRefsNoCallbacks(PyObject *obj)
 {
     /* Modeled after GET_WEAKREFS_LISTPTR().
 
diff --git a/PC/launcher2.c b/PC/launcher2.c
index b372044e353202..befcbe30600f2c 100644
--- a/PC/launcher2.c
+++ b/PC/launcher2.c
@@ -1962,6 +1962,7 @@ struct AppxSearchInfo {
 
 struct AppxSearchInfo APPX_SEARCH[] = {
     // Releases made through the Store
+    { L"PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.14_qbz5n2kfra8p0", L"3.14", 10 },
     { L"PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.13_qbz5n2kfra8p0", L"3.13", 10 },
     { L"PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.12_qbz5n2kfra8p0", L"3.12", 10 },
     { L"PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.11_qbz5n2kfra8p0", L"3.11", 10 },
@@ -1970,8 +1971,9 @@ struct AppxSearchInfo APPX_SEARCH[] = {
     { L"PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.8_qbz5n2kfra8p0", L"3.8", 10 },
 
     // Side-loadable releases. Note that the publisher ID changes whenever we
-    // renew our code-signing certificate, so the newer ID has a higher
-    // priority (lower sortKey)
+    // change our code signing certificate subject, so the newer IDs have higher
+    // priorities (lower sortKey)
+    { L"PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.14_3847v3x7pw1km", L"3.14", 11 },
     { L"PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.13_3847v3x7pw1km", L"3.13", 11 },
     { L"PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.12_3847v3x7pw1km", L"3.12", 11 },
     { L"PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.11_3847v3x7pw1km", L"3.11", 11 },
@@ -2054,7 +2056,8 @@ struct StoreSearchInfo {
 
 
 struct StoreSearchInfo STORE_SEARCH[] = {
-    { L"3", /* 3.12 */ L"9NCVDN91XZQP" },
+    { L"3", /* 3.13 */ L"9PNRBTZXMB4Z" },
+    { L"3.14", L"9NTRHQCBBPR8" },
     { L"3.13", L"9PNRBTZXMB4Z" },
     { L"3.12", L"9NCVDN91XZQP" },
     { L"3.11", L"9NRWMJP3717K" },
diff --git a/PC/layout/__main__.py b/PC/layout/__main__.py
index f7aa1e6d261f4a..05a059eee7c1d7 100644
--- a/PC/layout/__main__.py
+++ b/PC/layout/__main__.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import sys
 
 try:
-    import layout
+    import layout  # noqa: F401
 except ImportError:
     # Failed to import our package, which likely means we were started directly
     # Add the additional search path needed to locate our module.
diff --git a/PC/pyconfig.h.in b/PC/pyconfig.h.in
index f44e41c2e72f84..010f5fe5646630 100644
--- a/PC/pyconfig.h.in
+++ b/PC/pyconfig.h.in
@@ -169,9 +169,9 @@ WIN32 is still required for the locale module.
 #endif /* MS_WIN64 */
 
 /* set the version macros for the windows headers */
-/* Python 3.9+ requires Windows 8 or greater */
-#define Py_WINVER 0x0602 /* _WIN32_WINNT_WIN8 */
-#define Py_NTDDI NTDDI_WIN8
+/* Python 3.13+ requires Windows 10 or greater */
+#define Py_WINVER 0x0A00 /* _WIN32_WINNT_WIN10 */
+#define Py_NTDDI NTDDI_WIN10
 
 /* We only set these values when building Python - we don't want to force
    these values on extensions, as that will affect the prototypes and
@@ -531,9 +531,6 @@ Py_NO_ENABLE_SHARED to find out.  Also support MS_NO_COREDLL for b/w compat */
 /* Define if you want to compile in mimalloc memory allocator. */
 #define WITH_MIMALLOC 1
 
-/* Define if you want to compile in object freelists optimization */
-#define WITH_FREELISTS 1
-
 /* Define if you have clock.  */
 /* #define HAVE_CLOCK */
 
diff --git a/PC/python3dll.c b/PC/python3dll.c
index 86c888430891c9..8657ddb9fa5155 100755
--- a/PC/python3dll.c
+++ b/PC/python3dll.c
@@ -81,12 +81,14 @@ EXPORT_FUNC(Py_Main)
 EXPORT_FUNC(Py_MakePendingCalls)
 EXPORT_FUNC(Py_NewInterpreter)
 EXPORT_FUNC(Py_NewRef)
+EXPORT_FUNC(Py_REFCNT)
 EXPORT_FUNC(Py_ReprEnter)
 EXPORT_FUNC(Py_ReprLeave)
 EXPORT_FUNC(Py_SetPath)
 EXPORT_FUNC(Py_SetProgramName)
 EXPORT_FUNC(Py_SetPythonHome)
 EXPORT_FUNC(Py_SetRecursionLimit)
+EXPORT_FUNC(Py_TYPE)
 EXPORT_FUNC(Py_VaBuildValue)
 EXPORT_FUNC(Py_XNewRef)
 EXPORT_FUNC(PyAIter_Check)
@@ -325,6 +327,7 @@ EXPORT_FUNC(PyInterpreterState_GetID)
 EXPORT_FUNC(PyInterpreterState_New)
 EXPORT_FUNC(PyIter_Check)
 EXPORT_FUNC(PyIter_Next)
+EXPORT_FUNC(PyIter_NextItem)
 EXPORT_FUNC(PyIter_Send)
 EXPORT_FUNC(PyList_Append)
 EXPORT_FUNC(PyList_AsTuple)
@@ -340,23 +343,31 @@ EXPORT_FUNC(PyList_Size)
 EXPORT_FUNC(PyList_Sort)
 EXPORT_FUNC(PyLong_AsDouble)
 EXPORT_FUNC(PyLong_AsInt)
+EXPORT_FUNC(PyLong_AsInt32)
+EXPORT_FUNC(PyLong_AsInt64)
 EXPORT_FUNC(PyLong_AsLong)
 EXPORT_FUNC(PyLong_AsLongAndOverflow)
 EXPORT_FUNC(PyLong_AsLongLong)
 EXPORT_FUNC(PyLong_AsLongLongAndOverflow)
 EXPORT_FUNC(PyLong_AsSize_t)
 EXPORT_FUNC(PyLong_AsSsize_t)
+EXPORT_FUNC(PyLong_AsUInt32)
+EXPORT_FUNC(PyLong_AsUInt64)
 EXPORT_FUNC(PyLong_AsUnsignedLong)
 EXPORT_FUNC(PyLong_AsUnsignedLongLong)
 EXPORT_FUNC(PyLong_AsUnsignedLongLongMask)
 EXPORT_FUNC(PyLong_AsUnsignedLongMask)
 EXPORT_FUNC(PyLong_AsVoidPtr)
 EXPORT_FUNC(PyLong_FromDouble)
+EXPORT_FUNC(PyLong_FromInt32)
+EXPORT_FUNC(PyLong_FromInt64)
 EXPORT_FUNC(PyLong_FromLong)
 EXPORT_FUNC(PyLong_FromLongLong)
 EXPORT_FUNC(PyLong_FromSize_t)
 EXPORT_FUNC(PyLong_FromSsize_t)
 EXPORT_FUNC(PyLong_FromString)
+EXPORT_FUNC(PyLong_FromUInt32)
+EXPORT_FUNC(PyLong_FromUInt64)
 EXPORT_FUNC(PyLong_FromUnsignedLong)
 EXPORT_FUNC(PyLong_FromUnsignedLongLong)
 EXPORT_FUNC(PyLong_FromVoidPtr)
@@ -635,12 +646,14 @@ EXPORT_FUNC(PyTuple_Pack)
 EXPORT_FUNC(PyTuple_SetItem)
 EXPORT_FUNC(PyTuple_Size)
 EXPORT_FUNC(PyType_ClearCache)
+EXPORT_FUNC(PyType_Freeze)
 EXPORT_FUNC(PyType_FromMetaclass)
 EXPORT_FUNC(PyType_FromModuleAndSpec)
 EXPORT_FUNC(PyType_FromSpec)
 EXPORT_FUNC(PyType_FromSpecWithBases)
 EXPORT_FUNC(PyType_GenericAlloc)
 EXPORT_FUNC(PyType_GenericNew)
+EXPORT_FUNC(PyType_GetBaseByToken)
 EXPORT_FUNC(PyType_GetFlags)
 EXPORT_FUNC(PyType_GetFullyQualifiedName)
 EXPORT_FUNC(PyType_GetModule)
@@ -705,6 +718,7 @@ EXPORT_FUNC(PyUnicode_DecodeUTF8Stateful)
 EXPORT_FUNC(PyUnicode_EncodeCodePage)
 EXPORT_FUNC(PyUnicode_EncodeFSDefault)
 EXPORT_FUNC(PyUnicode_EncodeLocale)
+EXPORT_FUNC(PyUnicode_Equal)
 EXPORT_FUNC(PyUnicode_EqualToUTF8)
 EXPORT_FUNC(PyUnicode_EqualToUTF8AndSize)
 EXPORT_FUNC(PyUnicode_Find)
@@ -839,7 +853,6 @@ EXPORT_DATA(PyExc_FutureWarning)
 EXPORT_DATA(PyExc_GeneratorExit)
 EXPORT_DATA(PyExc_ImportError)
 EXPORT_DATA(PyExc_ImportWarning)
-EXPORT_DATA(PyExc_IncompleteInputError)
 EXPORT_DATA(PyExc_IndentationError)
 EXPORT_DATA(PyExc_IndexError)
 EXPORT_DATA(PyExc_InterruptedError)
diff --git a/PCbuild/_ctypes_test.vcxproj b/PCbuild/_ctypes_test.vcxproj
index 50d8575ad7bda3..f15b80852e362a 100644
--- a/PCbuild/_ctypes_test.vcxproj
+++ b/PCbuild/_ctypes_test.vcxproj
@@ -87,6 +87,7 @@
   <ImportGroup Label="PropertySheets">
     <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
     <Import Project="pyproject.props" />
+    <Import Project="libffi.props" />
   </ImportGroup>
   <PropertyGroup Label="UserMacros" />
   <PropertyGroup>
diff --git a/PCbuild/_freeze_module.vcxproj b/PCbuild/_freeze_module.vcxproj
index e5e18de60ec349..a3c2d32c454e04 100644
--- a/PCbuild/_freeze_module.vcxproj
+++ b/PCbuild/_freeze_module.vcxproj
@@ -194,6 +194,7 @@
     <ClCompile Include="..\Python\bootstrap_hash.c" />
     <ClCompile Include="..\Python\ceval.c" />
     <ClCompile Include="..\Python\codecs.c" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\Python\codegen.c" />
     <ClCompile Include="..\Python\compile.c" />
     <ClCompile Include="..\Python\context.c" />
     <ClCompile Include="..\Python\critical_section.c" />
@@ -267,6 +268,7 @@
     <ClCompile Include="..\Python\thread.c" />
     <ClCompile Include="..\Python\traceback.c" />
     <ClCompile Include="..\Python\tracemalloc.c" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\Python\uniqueid.c" />
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
     <ClInclude Include="..\PC\pyconfig.h.in" />
diff --git a/PCbuild/_freeze_module.vcxproj.filters b/PCbuild/_freeze_module.vcxproj.filters
index 9630f54ae4ea29..91b1d75fb8df5e 100644
--- a/PCbuild/_freeze_module.vcxproj.filters
+++ b/PCbuild/_freeze_module.vcxproj.filters
@@ -97,6 +97,9 @@
     <ClCompile Include="..\Python\perf_jit_trampoline.c">
       <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
     </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\Python\codegen.c">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
     <ClCompile Include="..\Python\compile.c">
       <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
     </ClCompile>
@@ -464,6 +467,9 @@
     <ClCompile Include="..\Python\tracemalloc.c">
       <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
     </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\Python\uniqueid.c">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
     <ClCompile Include="..\Objects\tupleobject.c">
       <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
     </ClCompile>
diff --git a/PCbuild/_testcapi.vcxproj b/PCbuild/_testcapi.vcxproj
index 44dbf2348137e1..c41235eac356af 100644
--- a/PCbuild/_testcapi.vcxproj
+++ b/PCbuild/_testcapi.vcxproj
@@ -126,6 +126,7 @@
     <ClCompile Include="..\Modules\_testcapi\gc.c" />
     <ClCompile Include="..\Modules\_testcapi\run.c" />
     <ClCompile Include="..\Modules\_testcapi\monitoring.c" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\Modules\_testcapi\config.c" />
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
     <ResourceCompile Include="..\PC\python_nt.rc" />
diff --git a/PCbuild/_testcapi.vcxproj.filters b/PCbuild/_testcapi.vcxproj.filters
index cae44bc955f7f1..0a00df655deefc 100644
--- a/PCbuild/_testcapi.vcxproj.filters
+++ b/PCbuild/_testcapi.vcxproj.filters
@@ -111,6 +111,9 @@
     <ClCompile Include="..\Modules\_testcapi\monitoring.c">
       <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
     </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\Modules\_testcapi\config.c">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
     <ResourceCompile Include="..\PC\python_nt.rc">
diff --git a/PCbuild/_testlimitedcapi.vcxproj b/PCbuild/_testlimitedcapi.vcxproj
index 252039d93103bd..846e027e10c7fa 100644
--- a/PCbuild/_testlimitedcapi.vcxproj
+++ b/PCbuild/_testlimitedcapi.vcxproj
@@ -97,8 +97,10 @@
     <ClCompile Include="..\Modules\_testlimitedcapi\abstract.c" />
     <ClCompile Include="..\Modules\_testlimitedcapi\bytearray.c" />
     <ClCompile Include="..\Modules\_testlimitedcapi\bytes.c" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\Modules\_testlimitedcapi\codec.c" />
     <ClCompile Include="..\Modules\_testlimitedcapi\complex.c" />
     <ClCompile Include="..\Modules\_testlimitedcapi\dict.c" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\Modules\_testlimitedcapi\eval.c" />
     <ClCompile Include="..\Modules\_testlimitedcapi\float.c" />
     <ClCompile Include="..\Modules\_testlimitedcapi\heaptype_relative.c" />
     <ClCompile Include="..\Modules\_testlimitedcapi\list.c" />
@@ -107,6 +109,7 @@
     <ClCompile Include="..\Modules\_testlimitedcapi\pyos.c" />
     <ClCompile Include="..\Modules\_testlimitedcapi\set.c" />
     <ClCompile Include="..\Modules\_testlimitedcapi\sys.c" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\Modules\_testlimitedcapi\tuple.c" />
     <ClCompile Include="..\Modules\_testlimitedcapi\unicode.c" />
     <ClCompile Include="..\Modules\_testlimitedcapi\vectorcall_limited.c" />
   </ItemGroup>
diff --git a/PCbuild/_testlimitedcapi.vcxproj.filters b/PCbuild/_testlimitedcapi.vcxproj.filters
index 7efbb0acf8f960..57be2e2fc5b950 100644
--- a/PCbuild/_testlimitedcapi.vcxproj.filters
+++ b/PCbuild/_testlimitedcapi.vcxproj.filters
@@ -12,8 +12,10 @@
     <ClCompile Include="..\Modules\_testlimitedcapi\abstract.c" />
     <ClCompile Include="..\Modules\_testlimitedcapi\bytearray.c" />
     <ClCompile Include="..\Modules\_testlimitedcapi\bytes.c" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\Modules\_testlimitedcapi\codec.c" />
     <ClCompile Include="..\Modules\_testlimitedcapi\complex.c" />
     <ClCompile Include="..\Modules\_testlimitedcapi\dict.c" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\Modules\_testlimitedcapi\eval.c" />
     <ClCompile Include="..\Modules\_testlimitedcapi\float.c" />
     <ClCompile Include="..\Modules\_testlimitedcapi\heaptype_relative.c" />
     <ClCompile Include="..\Modules\_testlimitedcapi\list.c" />
@@ -23,6 +25,7 @@
     <ClCompile Include="..\Modules\_testlimitedcapi\set.c" />
     <ClCompile Include="..\Modules\_testlimitedcapi\sys.c" />
     <ClCompile Include="..\Modules\_testlimitedcapi\testcapi_long.h" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\Modules\_testlimitedcapi\tuple.c" />
     <ClCompile Include="..\Modules\_testlimitedcapi\unicode.c" />
     <ClCompile Include="..\Modules\_testlimitedcapi\vectorcall_limited.c" />
     <ClCompile Include="..\Modules\_testlimitedcapi.c" />
diff --git a/PCbuild/build.bat b/PCbuild/build.bat
index 6c76f09a071312..abe649553756a7 100644
--- a/PCbuild/build.bat
+++ b/PCbuild/build.bat
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ echo.version(s) of Microsoft Visual Studio to be installed (see readme.txt).
 echo.
 echo.After the flags recognized by this script, up to 9 arguments to be passed
 echo.directly to MSBuild may be passed.  If the argument contains an '=', the
-echo.entire argument must be quoted (e.g. `%~nx0 "/p:PlatformToolset=v100"`).
+echo.entire argument must be quoted (e.g. `%~nx0 "/p:PlatformToolset=v141"`).
 echo.Alternatively you can put extra flags for MSBuild in a file named 
 echo.`msbuild.rsp` in the `PCbuild` directory, one flag per line. This file
 echo.will be picked automatically by MSBuild. Flags put in this file does not
diff --git a/PCbuild/env.bat b/PCbuild/env.bat
index 2820e304582cff..cf4638b7aa63a7 100644
--- a/PCbuild/env.bat
+++ b/PCbuild/env.bat
@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@ rem command window. However, most builds of Python will ignore the version
 rem of the tools on PATH and use PlatformToolset instead. Ideally, both sets of
 rem tools should be the same version to avoid potential conflicts.
 rem
-rem To build Python with an earlier toolset, pass "/p:PlatformToolset=v100" (or
-rem 'v110', 'v120' or 'v140') to the build script.
+rem To build Python with an earlier toolset, pass "/p:PlatformToolset=v141" (or
+rem 'v142', 'v143') to the build script.
 
 echo Build environments: x86, amd64, x86_amd64
 echo.
@@ -20,8 +20,7 @@ call "%VSTOOLS%" %_ARGS%
 exit /B 0
 
 :skip_vswhere
-if not defined VSTOOLS set VSTOOLS=%VS140COMNTOOLS%
-if not defined VSTOOLS set VSTOOLS=%VS120COMNTOOLS%
-if not defined VSTOOLS set VSTOOLS=%VS110COMNTOOLS%
-if not defined VSTOOLS set VSTOOLS=%VS100COMNTOOLS%
+if not defined VSTOOLS set VSTOOLS=%VS143COMNTOOLS%
+if not defined VSTOOLS set VSTOOLS=%VS142COMNTOOLS%
+if not defined VSTOOLS set VSTOOLS=%VS141COMNTOOLS%
 call "%VSTOOLS%..\..\VC\vcvarsall.bat" %_ARGS%
diff --git a/PCbuild/find_msbuild.bat b/PCbuild/find_msbuild.bat
index ce7e71efa31f6c..82dd34beede6ee 100644
--- a/PCbuild/find_msbuild.bat
+++ b/PCbuild/find_msbuild.bat
@@ -39,16 +39,6 @@
 @if defined MSBUILD @if exist %MSBUILD% (set _Py_MSBuild_Source=Visual Studio installation) & goto :found
 :skip_vswhere
 
-@rem VS 2015 and earlier register MSBuild separately, so we can find it.
-@reg query "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\MSBuild\ToolsVersions\14.0" /v MSBuildToolsPath /reg:32 >nul 2>nul
-@if NOT ERRORLEVEL 1 @for /F "tokens=1,2*" %%i in ('reg query "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\MSBuild\ToolsVersions\14.0" /v MSBuildToolsPath /reg:32') DO @(
-    @if "%%i"=="MSBuildToolsPath" @if exist "%%k\msbuild.exe" @(set MSBUILD="%%k\msbuild.exe")
-)
-@if exist %MSBUILD% (set _Py_MSBuild_Source=registry) & goto :found
-
-
-@exit /b 1
-
 :found
 @pushd %MSBUILD% >nul 2>nul
 @if not ERRORLEVEL 1 @(
diff --git a/PCbuild/find_python.bat b/PCbuild/find_python.bat
index af85f6d362466e..d65d080ca71a90 100644
--- a/PCbuild/find_python.bat
+++ b/PCbuild/find_python.bat
@@ -39,15 +39,15 @@
 @if "%_Py_EXTERNALS_DIR%"=="" (set _Py_EXTERNALS_DIR=%_Py_D%\..\externals)
 
 @rem If we have Python in externals, use that one
-@if exist "%_Py_EXTERNALS_DIR%\pythonx86\tools\python.exe" ("%_Py_EXTERNALS_DIR%\pythonx86\tools\python.exe" -Ec "import sys; assert sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 8)" >nul 2>nul) && (set PYTHON="%_Py_EXTERNALS_DIR%\pythonx86\tools\python.exe") && (set _Py_Python_Source=found in externals directory) && goto :found || rmdir /Q /S "%_Py_EXTERNALS_DIR%\pythonx86"
+@if exist "%_Py_EXTERNALS_DIR%\pythonx86\tools\python.exe" ("%_Py_EXTERNALS_DIR%\pythonx86\tools\python.exe" -Ec "import sys; assert sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 10)" >nul 2>nul) && (set PYTHON="%_Py_EXTERNALS_DIR%\pythonx86\tools\python.exe") && (set _Py_Python_Source=found in externals directory) && goto :found || rmdir /Q /S "%_Py_EXTERNALS_DIR%\pythonx86"
 
 @rem If HOST_PYTHON is recent enough, use that
-@if NOT "%HOST_PYTHON%"=="" @%HOST_PYTHON% -Ec "import sys; assert sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 9)" >nul 2>nul && (set PYTHON="%HOST_PYTHON%") && (set _Py_Python_Source=found as HOST_PYTHON) && goto :found
+@if NOT "%HOST_PYTHON%"=="" @%HOST_PYTHON% -Ec "import sys; assert sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 10)" >nul 2>nul && (set PYTHON="%HOST_PYTHON%") && (set _Py_Python_Source=found as HOST_PYTHON) && goto :found
 
 @rem If py.exe finds a recent enough version, use that one
 @rem It is fine to add new versions to this list when they have released,
 @rem but we do not use prerelease builds here.
-@for %%p in (3.12 3.11 3.10 3.9) do @py -%%p -EV >nul 2>&1 && (set PYTHON=py -%%p) && (set _Py_Python_Source=found %%p with py.exe) && goto :found
+@for %%p in (3.13 3.12 3.11 3.10) do @py -%%p -EV >nul 2>&1 && (set PYTHON=py -%%p) && (set _Py_Python_Source=found %%p with py.exe) && goto :found
 
 @if NOT exist "%_Py_EXTERNALS_DIR%" mkdir "%_Py_EXTERNALS_DIR%"
 @set _Py_NUGET=%NUGET%
diff --git a/PCbuild/get_externals.bat b/PCbuild/get_externals.bat
index 1927938ef0821c..dfacd1d1e788d4 100644
--- a/PCbuild/get_externals.bat
+++ b/PCbuild/get_externals.bat
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ if "%ORG%"=="" (set ORG=python)
 call "%PCBUILD%\find_python.bat" "%PYTHON%"
 
 if NOT DEFINED PYTHON (
-    where /Q git || echo Python 3.6 could not be found or installed, and git.exe is not on your PATH && exit /B 1
+    where /Q git || echo Python 3.10 or later could not be found or installed, and git.exe is not on your PATH && exit /B 1
 )
 
 echo.Fetching external libraries...
@@ -53,11 +53,11 @@ echo.Fetching external libraries...
 set libraries=
 set libraries=%libraries%                                       bzip2-1.0.8
 if NOT "%IncludeLibffiSrc%"=="false" set libraries=%libraries%  libffi-3.4.4
-if NOT "%IncludeSSLSrc%"=="false" set libraries=%libraries%     openssl-3.0.13
+if NOT "%IncludeSSLSrc%"=="false" set libraries=%libraries%     openssl-3.0.15
 set libraries=%libraries%                                       mpdecimal-4.0.0
 set libraries=%libraries%                                       sqlite-3.45.3.0
-if NOT "%IncludeTkinterSrc%"=="false" set libraries=%libraries% tcl-core-8.6.14.0
-if NOT "%IncludeTkinterSrc%"=="false" set libraries=%libraries% tk-8.6.14.0
+if NOT "%IncludeTkinterSrc%"=="false" set libraries=%libraries% tcl-core-8.6.15.0
+if NOT "%IncludeTkinterSrc%"=="false" set libraries=%libraries% tk-8.6.15.0
 set libraries=%libraries%                                       xz-5.2.5
 set libraries=%libraries%                                       zlib-1.3.1
 
@@ -77,8 +77,8 @@ echo.Fetching external binaries...
 
 set binaries=
 if NOT "%IncludeLibffi%"=="false"  set binaries=%binaries% libffi-3.4.4
-if NOT "%IncludeSSL%"=="false"     set binaries=%binaries% openssl-bin-3.0.13
-if NOT "%IncludeTkinter%"=="false" set binaries=%binaries% tcltk-8.6.14.0
+if NOT "%IncludeSSL%"=="false"     set binaries=%binaries% openssl-bin-3.0.15
+if NOT "%IncludeTkinter%"=="false" set binaries=%binaries% tcltk-8.6.15.0
 if NOT "%IncludeSSLSrc%"=="false"  set binaries=%binaries% nasm-2.11.06
 
 for %%b in (%binaries%) do (
diff --git a/PCbuild/pyproject.props b/PCbuild/pyproject.props
index 9c85e5efa4af4a..c65341179376ea 100644
--- a/PCbuild/pyproject.props
+++ b/PCbuild/pyproject.props
@@ -217,11 +217,6 @@ public override bool Execute() {
 
 
   <Target Name="FindVCRedistDir">
-    <!-- Hard coded path for VS 2015 -->
-    <PropertyGroup Condition="$(PlatformToolset) == 'v140'">
-      <VCRedistDir>$(VCInstallDir)\redist\</VCRedistDir>
-    </PropertyGroup>
-
     <!-- Search for version number in some broken Build Tools installs -->
     <ItemGroup Condition="$(VCRedistDir) == '' and $(VCToolsRedistVersion) == ''">
       <_RedistFiles Include="$(VCInstallDir)\Redist\MSVC\*\*.*" />
diff --git a/PCbuild/python.props b/PCbuild/python.props
index 86fe8531d7df55..6e90178f4ea8ab 100644
--- a/PCbuild/python.props
+++ b/PCbuild/python.props
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
     <Configuration Condition="'$(Configuration)' == ''">Release</Configuration>
     <!--
     Use the latest available version of Visual Studio to build. To override
-    this and build with an earlier version, pass "/p:PlatformToolset=v100"
+    this and build with an earlier version, pass "/p:PlatformToolset=v141"
     (for example) when building.
 
     We set BasePlatformToolset for ICC's benefit, it's otherwise ignored.
@@ -14,10 +14,6 @@
     <BasePlatformToolset Condition="'$(BasePlatformToolset)' == '' and '$(VisualStudioVersion)' == '17.0'">v143</BasePlatformToolset>
     <BasePlatformToolset Condition="'$(BasePlatformToolset)' == '' and '$(VisualStudioVersion)' == '16.0'">v142</BasePlatformToolset>
     <BasePlatformToolset Condition="'$(BasePlatformToolset)' == '' and ('$(MSBuildToolsVersion)' == '15.0' or '$(VisualStudioVersion)' == '15.0')">v141</BasePlatformToolset>
-    <BasePlatformToolset Condition="'$(BasePlatformToolset)' == '' and '$(VCTargetsPath14)' != ''">v140</BasePlatformToolset>
-    <BasePlatformToolset Condition="'$(BasePlatformToolset)' == '' and '$(VCTargetsPath12)' != ''">v120</BasePlatformToolset>
-    <BasePlatformToolset Condition="'$(BasePlatformToolset)' == '' and '$(VCTargetsPath11)' != ''">v110</BasePlatformToolset>
-    <BasePlatformToolset Condition="'$(BasePlatformToolset)' == '' and '$(VCTargetsPath10)' != ''">v100</BasePlatformToolset>
 
     <PlatformToolset Condition="'$(PlatformToolset)' == ''">$(BasePlatformToolset)</PlatformToolset>
     <ICCBuild>false</ICCBuild>
@@ -75,8 +71,8 @@
     <libffiOutDir Condition="$(libffiOutDir) == ''">$(libffiDir)$(ArchName)\</libffiOutDir>
     <libffiIncludeDir Condition="$(libffiIncludeDir) == ''">$(libffiOutDir)include</libffiIncludeDir>
     <mpdecimalDir Condition="$(mpdecimalDir) == ''">$(ExternalsDir)\mpdecimal-4.0.0\</mpdecimalDir>
-    <opensslDir Condition="$(opensslDir) == ''">$(ExternalsDir)openssl-3.0.13\</opensslDir>
-    <opensslOutDir Condition="$(opensslOutDir) == ''">$(ExternalsDir)openssl-bin-3.0.13\$(ArchName)\</opensslOutDir>
+    <opensslDir Condition="$(opensslDir) == ''">$(ExternalsDir)openssl-3.0.15\</opensslDir>
+    <opensslOutDir Condition="$(opensslOutDir) == ''">$(ExternalsDir)openssl-bin-3.0.15\$(ArchName)\</opensslOutDir>
     <opensslIncludeDir Condition="$(opensslIncludeDir) == ''">$(opensslOutDir)include</opensslIncludeDir>
     <nasmDir Condition="$(nasmDir) == ''">$(ExternalsDir)\nasm-2.11.06\</nasmDir>
     <zlibDir Condition="$(zlibDir) == ''">$(ExternalsDir)\zlib-1.3.1\</zlibDir>
diff --git a/PCbuild/pythoncore.vcxproj b/PCbuild/pythoncore.vcxproj
index 96960f0579a936..a4881e9256e4dd 100644
--- a/PCbuild/pythoncore.vcxproj
+++ b/PCbuild/pythoncore.vcxproj
@@ -128,6 +128,7 @@
   <ItemGroup>
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\Python.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\abstract.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\Include\audit.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\boolobject.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\bytearrayobject.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\bytesobject.h" />
@@ -135,7 +136,9 @@
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\codecs.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\compile.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\complexobject.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\Include\critical_section.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\cpython\abstract.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\Include\cpython\audit.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\cpython\bytearrayobject.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\cpython\bytesobject.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\cpython\cellobject.h" />
@@ -145,6 +148,7 @@
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\cpython\compile.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\cpython\complexobject.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\cpython\context.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\Include\cpython\critical_section.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\cpython\descrobject.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\cpython\dictobject.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\cpython\fileobject.h" />
@@ -156,14 +160,15 @@
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\cpython\import.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\cpython\initconfig.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\cpython\listobject.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\Include\cpython\lock.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\cpython\longintrepr.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\cpython\longobject.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\cpython\memoryobject.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\cpython\methodobject.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\Include\cpython\modsupport.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\cpython\object.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\cpython\objimpl.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\cpython\odictobject.h" />
-    <ClInclude Include="..\Include\cpython\optimizer.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\cpython\parser_interface.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\cpython\picklebufobject.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\cpython\pyarena.h" />
@@ -182,7 +187,6 @@
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\cpython\pythonrun.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\cpython\pythread.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\cpython\setobject.h" />
-    <ClInclude Include="..\Include\cpython\sysmodule.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\cpython\traceback.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\cpython\tracemalloc.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\cpython\tupleobject.h" />
@@ -205,6 +209,7 @@
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\internal\pycore_ast.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\internal\pycore_ast_state.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\internal\pycore_atexit.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\Include\internal\pycore_audit.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\internal\pycore_backoff.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\internal\pycore_bitutils.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\internal\pycore_brc.h" />
@@ -224,6 +229,7 @@
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\internal\pycore_context.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\internal\pycore_critical_section.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\internal\pycore_crossinterp.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\Include\internal\pycore_debug_offsets.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\internal\pycore_descrobject.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\internal\pycore_dict.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\internal\pycore_dict_state.h" />
@@ -236,6 +242,7 @@
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\internal\pycore_format.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\internal\pycore_frame.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\internal\pycore_freelist.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\Include\internal\pycore_freelist_state.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\internal\pycore_function.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\internal\pycore_gc.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\internal\pycore_genobject.h" />
@@ -262,6 +269,7 @@
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\internal\pycore_namespace.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\internal\pycore_object.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\internal\pycore_object_alloc.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\Include\internal\pycore_object_deferred.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\internal\pycore_object_state.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\internal\pycore_obmalloc.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\internal\pycore_obmalloc_init.h" />
@@ -305,11 +313,13 @@
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\internal\pycore_unionobject.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\internal\pycore_unicodeobject.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\internal\pycore_unicodeobject_generated.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\Include\internal\pycore_uniqueid.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\internal\pycore_warnings.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\internal\pycore_weakref.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\intrcheck.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\iterobject.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\listobject.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\Include\lock.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\longobject.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\marshal.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\memoryobject.h" />
@@ -410,9 +420,10 @@
   <ItemGroup>
     <ClCompile Include="..\Modules\_abc.c" />
     <ClCompile Include="..\Modules\_bisectmodule.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="..\Modules\_blake2\blake2module.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="..\Modules\_blake2\blake2b_impl.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="..\Modules\_blake2\blake2s_impl.c" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\Modules\blake2module.c">
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions Condition="'$(Platform)' == 'x64'">HACL_CAN_COMPILE_SIMD128;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions Condition="'$(Platform)' == 'x64'">HACL_CAN_COMPILE_SIMD256;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+    </ClCompile>
     <ClCompile Include="..\Modules\_codecsmodule.c" />
     <ClCompile Include="..\Modules\_collectionsmodule.c" />
     <ClCompile Include="..\Modules\_contextvarsmodule.c" />
@@ -422,6 +433,17 @@
     <ClCompile Include="..\Modules\_hacl\Hacl_Hash_SHA1.c" />
     <ClCompile Include="..\Modules\_hacl\Hacl_Hash_SHA2.c" />
     <ClCompile Include="..\Modules\_hacl\Hacl_Hash_SHA3.c" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\Modules\_hacl\Lib_Memzero0.c" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\Modules\_hacl\Hacl_Hash_Blake2b.c" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\Modules\_hacl\Hacl_Hash_Blake2s.c" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\Modules\_hacl\Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256.c" Condition="'$(Platform)' == 'x64'">
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>HACL_CAN_COMPILE_VEC256;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+      <AdditionalOptions>/arch:AVX2</AdditionalOptions>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\Modules\_hacl\Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128.c" Condition="'$(Platform)' == 'x64'">
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>HACL_CAN_COMPILE_VEC128;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+      <AdditionalOptions>/arch:AVX</AdditionalOptions>
+    </ClCompile>
     <ClCompile Include="..\Modules\_heapqmodule.c" />
     <ClCompile Include="..\Modules\_json.c" />
     <ClCompile Include="..\Modules\_localemodule.c" />
@@ -562,6 +584,7 @@
     <ClCompile Include="..\Python\brc.c" />
     <ClCompile Include="..\Python\ceval.c" />
     <ClCompile Include="..\Python\codecs.c" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\Python\codegen.c" />
     <ClCompile Include="..\Python\compile.c" />
     <ClCompile Include="..\Python\context.c" />
     <ClCompile Include="..\Python\critical_section.c" />
@@ -637,6 +660,7 @@
     <ClCompile Include="..\Python\thread.c" />
     <ClCompile Include="..\Python\traceback.c" />
     <ClCompile Include="..\Python\tracemalloc.c" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\Python\uniqueid.c" />
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup Condition="$(IncludeExternals)">
     <ClCompile Include="..\Modules\zlibmodule.c" />
@@ -717,7 +741,7 @@
       </ClCompile>
     </ItemGroup>
   </Target>
-  <Target Name="_WarnAboutToolset" BeforeTargets="PrepareForBuild" Condition="$(PlatformToolset) != 'v140' and $(PlatformToolset) != 'v141' and $(PlatformToolset) != 'v142' and $(PlatformToolset) != 'v143'">
+  <Target Name="_WarnAboutToolset" BeforeTargets="PrepareForBuild" Condition="$(PlatformToolset) != 'v141' and $(PlatformToolset) != 'v142' and $(PlatformToolset) != 'v143'">
     <Warning Text="Toolset $(PlatformToolset) is not used for official builds. Your build may have errors or incompatibilities." />
   </Target>
   <Target Name="_WarnAboutZlib" BeforeTargets="PrepareForBuild" Condition="!$(IncludeExternals)">
diff --git a/PCbuild/pythoncore.vcxproj.filters b/PCbuild/pythoncore.vcxproj.filters
index 2e4bd786be47e9..6b294683320a73 100644
--- a/PCbuild/pythoncore.vcxproj.filters
+++ b/PCbuild/pythoncore.vcxproj.filters
@@ -48,6 +48,9 @@
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\abstract.h">
       <Filter>Include</Filter>
     </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\Include\audit.h">
+      <Filter>Include</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\boolobject.h">
       <Filter>Include</Filter>
     </ClInclude>
@@ -72,6 +75,9 @@
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\complexobject.h">
       <Filter>Include</Filter>
     </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\Include\critical_section.h">
+      <Filter>Include</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\datetime.h">
       <Filter>Include</Filter>
     </ClInclude>
@@ -114,6 +120,9 @@
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\listobject.h">
       <Filter>Include</Filter>
     </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\Include\lock.h">
+      <Filter>Include</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\longobject.h">
       <Filter>Include</Filter>
     </ClInclude>
@@ -348,6 +357,9 @@
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\cpython\abstract.h">
       <Filter>Include\cpython</Filter>
     </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\Include\cpython\audit.h">
+      <Filter>Include\cpython</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\cpython\bytearrayobject.h">
       <Filter>Include\cpython</Filter>
     </ClInclude>
@@ -375,6 +387,9 @@
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\cpython\context.h">
       <Filter>Include\cpython</Filter>
     </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\Include\cpython\critical_section.h">
+      <Filter>Include\cpython</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\cpython\descrobject.h">
       <Filter>Include\cpython</Filter>
     </ClInclude>
@@ -396,6 +411,9 @@
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\cpython\listobject.h">
       <Filter>Include\cpython</Filter>
     </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\Include\cpython\lock.h">
+      <Filter>Include</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\cpython\longintrepr.h">
       <Filter>Include</Filter>
     </ClInclude>
@@ -408,9 +426,6 @@
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\cpython\odictobject.h">
       <Filter>Include</Filter>
     </ClInclude>
-    <ClInclude Include="..\Include\cpython\optimizer.h">
-      <Filter>Include</Filter>
-    </ClInclude>
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\cpython\unicodeobject.h">
       <Filter>Include\cpython</Filter>
     </ClInclude>
@@ -423,6 +438,9 @@
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\cpython\methodobject.h">
       <Filter>Include\cpython</Filter>
     </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\Include\cpython\modsupport.h">
+      <Filter>Include\cpython</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\cpython\objimpl.h">
       <Filter>Include\cpython</Filter>
     </ClInclude>
@@ -501,9 +519,6 @@
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\cpython\setobject.h">
       <Filter>Include\cpython</Filter>
     </ClInclude>
-    <ClInclude Include="..\Include\cpython\sysmodule.h">
-      <Filter>Include\cpython</Filter>
-    </ClInclude>
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\cpython\pystate.h">
       <Filter>Include\cpython</Filter>
     </ClInclude>
@@ -540,6 +555,9 @@
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\internal\pycore_atexit.h">
       <Filter>Include\internal</Filter>
     </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\Include\internal\pycore_audit.h">
+      <Filter>Include\internal</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\internal\pycore_bitutils.h">
       <Filter>Include\internal</Filter>
     </ClInclude>
@@ -591,6 +609,9 @@
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\internal\pycore_crossinterp.h">
       <Filter>Include\internal</Filter>
     </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\Include\internal\pycore_debug_offsets.h">
+      <Filter>Include\internal</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\internal\pycore_descrobject.h">
       <Filter>Include\internal</Filter>
     </ClInclude>
@@ -627,6 +648,9 @@
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\internal\pycore_freelist.h">
       <Filter>Include\internal</Filter>
     </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\Include\internal\pycore_freelist_state.h">
+      <Filter>Include\internal</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\internal\pycore_function.h">
       <Filter>Include\internal</Filter>
     </ClInclude>
@@ -705,6 +729,9 @@
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\internal\pycore_object_alloc.h">
       <Filter>Include\internal</Filter>
     </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\Include\internal\pycore_object_deferred.h">
+      <Filter>Include\internal</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\internal\pycore_object_state.h">
       <Filter>Include\internal</Filter>
     </ClInclude>
@@ -825,6 +852,9 @@
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\internal\pycore_unionobject.h">
       <Filter>Include\internal</Filter>
     </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\Include\internal\pycore_uniqueid.h">
+      <Filter>Include\internal</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\internal\mimalloc\mimalloc.h">
       <Filter>Include\internal\mimalloc</Filter>
     </ClInclude>
@@ -1277,6 +1307,9 @@
     <ClCompile Include="..\Python\codecs.c">
       <Filter>Python</Filter>
     </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\Python\codegen.c">
+      <Filter>Python</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
     <ClCompile Include="..\Python\compile.c">
       <Filter>Python</Filter>
     </ClCompile>
@@ -1475,6 +1508,9 @@
     <ClCompile Include="..\Python\tracemalloc.c">
       <Filter>Python</Filter>
     </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\Python\uniqueid.c">
+      <Filter>Python</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
     <ClCompile Include="..\Python\bootstrap_hash.c">
       <Filter>Python</Filter>
     </ClCompile>
diff --git a/PCbuild/readme.txt b/PCbuild/readme.txt
index f4dfe0e9015f02..693fcee5f90ce2 100644
--- a/PCbuild/readme.txt
+++ b/PCbuild/readme.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ Quick Start Guide
 
 1.  Install Microsoft Visual Studio 2017 or later with Python workload and
     Python native development component.
-1a. Optionally install Python 3.6 or later.  If not installed,
+1a. Optionally install Python 3.10 or later.  If not installed,
     get_externals.bat (via build.bat) will download and use Python via
     NuGet.
 2.  Run "build.bat" to build Python in 32-bit Release configuration.
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ Building Python using the build.bat script
 
 In this directory you can find build.bat, a script designed to make
 building Python on Windows simpler.  This script will use the env.bat
-script to detect either Visual Studio 2017 or 2015, either of
+script to detect either Visual Studio 2017 or later, either of
 which may be used to build Python. Currently Visual Studio 2017 is
 officially supported.
 
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ _lzma
     Homepage:
         https://tukaani.org/xz/
 _ssl
-    Python wrapper for version 3.0 of the OpenSSL secure sockets
+    Python wrapper for version 3.0.15 of the OpenSSL secure sockets
     library, which is downloaded from our binaries repository at
     https://github.com/python/cpython-bin-deps.
 
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ _sqlite3
     Homepage:
         https://www.sqlite.org/
 _tkinter
-    Wraps version 8.6.6 of the Tk windowing system, which is downloaded
+    Wraps version 8.6.15 of the Tk windowing system, which is downloaded
     from our binaries repository at
     https://github.com/python/cpython-bin-deps.
 
diff --git a/PCbuild/regen.targets b/PCbuild/regen.targets
index 4aa14ed1fad9eb..416241d9d0df10 100644
--- a/PCbuild/regen.targets
+++ b/PCbuild/regen.targets
@@ -90,23 +90,23 @@
           Inputs="@(_CasesSources)" Outputs="@(_CasesOutputs)"
           DependsOnTargets="FindPythonForBuild">
     <Message Text="Regenerate cases" Importance="high" />
-    <Exec Command="$(PythonForBuild) $(PySourcePath)Tools\cases_generator\opcode_id_generator.py $(PySourcePath)Python\bytecodes.c"
+    <Exec Command="$(PythonForBuild) Tools\cases_generator\opcode_id_generator.py Python\bytecodes.c"
           WorkingDirectory="$(PySourcePath)" />
-    <Exec Command="$(PythonForBuild) $(PySourcePath)Tools\cases_generator\target_generator.py $(PySourcePath)Python\bytecodes.c"
+    <Exec Command="$(PythonForBuild) Tools\cases_generator\target_generator.py Python\bytecodes.c"
           WorkingDirectory="$(PySourcePath)" />
-    <Exec Command="$(PythonForBuild) $(PySourcePath)Tools\cases_generator\uop_id_generator.py $(PySourcePath)Python\bytecodes.c"
+    <Exec Command="$(PythonForBuild) Tools\cases_generator\uop_id_generator.py Python\bytecodes.c"
           WorkingDirectory="$(PySourcePath)" />
-    <Exec Command="$(PythonForBuild) $(PySourcePath)Tools\cases_generator\py_metadata_generator.py $(PySourcePath)Python\bytecodes.c"
+    <Exec Command="$(PythonForBuild) Tools\cases_generator\py_metadata_generator.py Python\bytecodes.c"
           WorkingDirectory="$(PySourcePath)" />
-    <Exec Command="$(PythonForBuild) $(PySourcePath)Tools\cases_generator\tier1_generator.py $(PySourcePath)Python\bytecodes.c"
+    <Exec Command="$(PythonForBuild) Tools\cases_generator\tier1_generator.py Python\bytecodes.c"
           WorkingDirectory="$(PySourcePath)" />
-    <Exec Command="$(PythonForBuild) $(PySourcePath)Tools\cases_generator\tier2_generator.py $(PySourcePath)Python\bytecodes.c"
+    <Exec Command="$(PythonForBuild) Tools\cases_generator\tier2_generator.py Python\bytecodes.c"
           WorkingDirectory="$(PySourcePath)" />
-    <Exec Command="$(PythonForBuild) $(PySourcePath)Tools\cases_generator\optimizer_generator.py $(PySourcePath)Python\optimizer_bytecodes.c $(PySourcePath)Python\bytecodes.c"
+    <Exec Command="$(PythonForBuild) Tools\cases_generator\optimizer_generator.py Python\optimizer_bytecodes.c Python\bytecodes.c"
           WorkingDirectory="$(PySourcePath)" />
-    <Exec Command="$(PythonForBuild) $(PySourcePath)Tools\cases_generator\opcode_metadata_generator.py $(PySourcePath)Python\bytecodes.c"
+    <Exec Command="$(PythonForBuild) Tools\cases_generator\opcode_metadata_generator.py Python\bytecodes.c"
           WorkingDirectory="$(PySourcePath)" />
-    <Exec Command="$(PythonForBuild) $(PySourcePath)Tools\cases_generator\uop_metadata_generator.py $(PySourcePath)Python\bytecodes.c"
+    <Exec Command="$(PythonForBuild) Tools\cases_generator\uop_metadata_generator.py Python\bytecodes.c"
           WorkingDirectory="$(PySourcePath)" />
   </Target>
 
diff --git a/PCbuild/tcltk.props b/PCbuild/tcltk.props
index 95b699b4cac0aa..b4cb401609d409 100644
--- a/PCbuild/tcltk.props
+++ b/PCbuild/tcltk.props
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 <Project ToolsVersion="15.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
   <Import Project="pyproject.props" Condition="$(__PyProject_Props_Imported) != 'true'" />
   <PropertyGroup>
-    <TclVersion Condition="$(TclVersion) == ''">8.6.14.0</TclVersion>
+    <TclVersion Condition="$(TclVersion) == ''">8.6.15.0</TclVersion>
     <TkVersion Condition="$(TkVersion) == ''">$(TclVersion)</TkVersion>
     <TclMajorVersion>$([System.Version]::Parse($(TclVersion)).Major)</TclMajorVersion>
     <TclMinorVersion>$([System.Version]::Parse($(TclVersion)).Minor)</TclMinorVersion>
@@ -37,9 +37,6 @@
     <BuildDirTop Condition="$(Configuration) == 'Debug'">Debug</BuildDirTop>
     <BuildDirTop Condition="$(TclMachine) != 'IX86'">$(BuildDirTop)_$(TclMachine)</BuildDirTop>
     <BuildDirTop Condition="$(PlatformToolset.StartsWith('v14'))">$(BuildDirTop)_VC13</BuildDirTop>
-    <BuildDirTop Condition="$(PlatformToolset) == 'v120'">$(BuildDirTop)_VC12</BuildDirTop>
-    <BuildDirTop Condition="$(PlatformToolset) == 'v110'">$(BuildDirTop)_VC11</BuildDirTop>
-    <BuildDirTop Condition="$(PlatformToolset) == 'v100'">$(BuildDirTop)_VC10</BuildDirTop>
   </PropertyGroup>
 
   <!--
diff --git a/Parser/action_helpers.c b/Parser/action_helpers.c
index 91b7e2f1058423..cb21777f566189 100644
--- a/Parser/action_helpers.c
+++ b/Parser/action_helpers.c
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include "pegen.h"
 #include "string_parser.h"
 #include "pycore_runtime.h"         // _PyRuntime
+#include "pycore_pystate.h"         // _PyInterpreterState_GET()
 
 void *
 _PyPegen_dummy_name(Parser *p, ...)
@@ -123,7 +124,8 @@ _PyPegen_join_names_with_dot(Parser *p, expr_ty first_name, expr_ty second_name)
     if (!uni) {
         return NULL;
     }
-    PyUnicode_InternInPlace(&uni);
+    PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
+    _PyUnicode_InternImmortal(interp, &uni);
     if (_PyArena_AddPyObject(p->arena, uni) < 0) {
         Py_DECREF(uni);
         return NULL;
@@ -862,7 +864,7 @@ _PyPegen_make_module(Parser *p, asdl_stmt_seq *a) {
         if (type_ignores == NULL) {
             return NULL;
         }
-        for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) {
+        for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < num; i++) {
             PyObject *tag = _PyPegen_new_type_comment(p, p->type_ignore_comments.items[i].comment);
             if (tag == NULL) {
                 return NULL;
@@ -967,6 +969,8 @@ _PyPegen_check_fstring_conversion(Parser *p, Token* conv_token, expr_ty conv)
     return result_token_with_metadata(p, conv, conv_token->metadata);
 }
 
+static asdl_expr_seq *
+unpack_top_level_joined_strs(Parser *p, asdl_expr_seq *raw_expressions);
 ResultTokenWithMetadata *
 _PyPegen_setup_full_format_spec(Parser *p, Token *colon, asdl_expr_seq *spec, int lineno, int col_offset,
                                 int end_lineno, int end_col_offset, PyArena *arena)
@@ -1005,8 +1009,16 @@ _PyPegen_setup_full_format_spec(Parser *p, Token *colon, asdl_expr_seq *spec, in
         assert(j == non_empty_count);
         spec = resized_spec;
     }
-    expr_ty res = _PyAST_JoinedStr(spec, lineno, col_offset, end_lineno,
-                                   end_col_offset, p->arena);
+    expr_ty res;
+    Py_ssize_t n = asdl_seq_LEN(spec);
+    if (n == 0 || (n == 1 && asdl_seq_GET(spec, 0)->kind == Constant_kind)) {
+        res = _PyAST_JoinedStr(spec, lineno, col_offset, end_lineno,
+                                    end_col_offset, p->arena);
+    } else {
+        res = _PyPegen_concatenate_strings(p, spec,
+                             lineno, col_offset, end_lineno,
+                             end_col_offset, arena);
+    }
     if (!res) {
         return NULL;
     }
@@ -1306,6 +1318,7 @@ unpack_top_level_joined_strs(Parser *p, asdl_expr_seq *raw_expressions)
 
 expr_ty
 _PyPegen_joined_str(Parser *p, Token* a, asdl_expr_seq* raw_expressions, Token*b) {
+
     asdl_expr_seq *expr = unpack_top_level_joined_strs(p, raw_expressions);
     Py_ssize_t n_items = asdl_seq_LEN(expr);
 
@@ -1470,7 +1483,6 @@ expr_ty _PyPegen_formatted_value(Parser *p, expr_ty expression, Token *debug, Re
             debug_end_offset = end_col_offset;
             debug_metadata = closing_brace->metadata;
         }
-
         expr_ty debug_text = _PyAST_Constant(debug_metadata, NULL, lineno, col_offset + 1, debug_end_line,
                                              debug_end_offset - 1, p->arena);
         if (!debug_text) {
@@ -1503,16 +1515,23 @@ _PyPegen_concatenate_strings(Parser *p, asdl_expr_seq *strings,
     Py_ssize_t n_flattened_elements = 0;
     for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
         expr_ty elem = asdl_seq_GET(strings, i);
-        if (elem->kind == Constant_kind) {
-            if (PyBytes_CheckExact(elem->v.Constant.value)) {
-                bytes_found = 1;
-            } else {
-                unicode_string_found = 1;
-            }
-            n_flattened_elements++;
-        } else {
-            n_flattened_elements += asdl_seq_LEN(elem->v.JoinedStr.values);
-            f_string_found = 1;
+        switch(elem->kind) {
+            case Constant_kind:
+                if (PyBytes_CheckExact(elem->v.Constant.value)) {
+                    bytes_found = 1;
+                } else {
+                    unicode_string_found = 1;
+                }
+                n_flattened_elements++;
+                break;
+            case JoinedStr_kind:
+                n_flattened_elements += asdl_seq_LEN(elem->v.JoinedStr.values);
+                f_string_found = 1;
+                break;
+            default:
+                n_flattened_elements++;
+                f_string_found = 1;
+                break;
         }
     }
 
@@ -1522,7 +1541,7 @@ _PyPegen_concatenate_strings(Parser *p, asdl_expr_seq *strings,
     }
 
     if (bytes_found) {
-        PyObject* res = PyBytes_FromString("");
+        PyObject* res = Py_GetConstant(Py_CONSTANT_EMPTY_BYTES);
 
         /* Bytes literals never get a kind, but just for consistency
            since they are represented as Constant nodes, we'll mirror
@@ -1554,16 +1573,19 @@ _PyPegen_concatenate_strings(Parser *p, asdl_expr_seq *strings,
     Py_ssize_t j = 0;
     for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
         expr_ty elem = asdl_seq_GET(strings, i);
-        if (elem->kind == Constant_kind) {
-            asdl_seq_SET(flattened, current_pos++, elem);
-        } else {
-            for (j = 0; j < asdl_seq_LEN(elem->v.JoinedStr.values); j++) {
-                expr_ty subvalue = asdl_seq_GET(elem->v.JoinedStr.values, j);
-                if (subvalue == NULL) {
-                    return NULL;
+        switch(elem->kind) {
+            case JoinedStr_kind:
+                for (j = 0; j < asdl_seq_LEN(elem->v.JoinedStr.values); j++) {
+                    expr_ty subvalue = asdl_seq_GET(elem->v.JoinedStr.values, j);
+                    if (subvalue == NULL) {
+                        return NULL;
+                    }
+                    asdl_seq_SET(flattened, current_pos++, subvalue);
                 }
-                asdl_seq_SET(flattened, current_pos++, subvalue);
-            }
+                break;
+            default:
+                asdl_seq_SET(flattened, current_pos++, elem);
+                break;
         }
     }
 
@@ -1573,7 +1595,7 @@ _PyPegen_concatenate_strings(Parser *p, asdl_expr_seq *strings,
     for (i = 0; i < n_flattened_elements; i++) {
         expr_ty elem = asdl_seq_GET(flattened, i);
 
-        /* The concatenation of a FormattedValue and an empty Contant should
+        /* The concatenation of a FormattedValue and an empty Constant should
            lead to the FormattedValue itself. Thus, we will not take any empty
            constants into account, just as in `_PyPegen_joined_str` */
         if (f_string_found && elem->kind == Constant_kind &&
@@ -1593,7 +1615,6 @@ _PyPegen_concatenate_strings(Parser *p, asdl_expr_seq *strings,
     }
 
     /* build folded list */
-    _PyUnicodeWriter writer;
     current_pos = 0;
     for (i = 0; i < n_flattened_elements; i++) {
         expr_ty elem = asdl_seq_GET(flattened, i);
@@ -1613,14 +1634,17 @@ _PyPegen_concatenate_strings(Parser *p, asdl_expr_seq *strings,
                    "abc" u"abc" ->  "abcabc" */
                 PyObject *kind = elem->v.Constant.kind;
 
-                _PyUnicodeWriter_Init(&writer);
+                PyUnicodeWriter *writer = PyUnicodeWriter_Create(0);
+                if (writer == NULL) {
+                    return NULL;
+                }
                 expr_ty last_elem = elem;
                 for (j = i; j < n_flattened_elements; j++) {
                     expr_ty current_elem = asdl_seq_GET(flattened, j);
                     if (current_elem->kind == Constant_kind) {
-                        if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteStr(
-                                &writer, current_elem->v.Constant.value)) {
-                            _PyUnicodeWriter_Dealloc(&writer);
+                        if (PyUnicodeWriter_WriteStr(writer,
+                                                     current_elem->v.Constant.value)) {
+                            PyUnicodeWriter_Discard(writer);
                             return NULL;
                         }
                         last_elem = current_elem;
@@ -1630,9 +1654,8 @@ _PyPegen_concatenate_strings(Parser *p, asdl_expr_seq *strings,
                 }
                 i = j - 1;
 
-                PyObject *concat_str = _PyUnicodeWriter_Finish(&writer);
+                PyObject *concat_str = PyUnicodeWriter_Finish(writer);
                 if (concat_str == NULL) {
-                    _PyUnicodeWriter_Dealloc(&writer);
                     return NULL;
                 }
                 if (_PyArena_AddPyObject(p->arena, concat_str) < 0) {
diff --git a/Parser/asdl_c.py b/Parser/asdl_c.py
index 9961d23629abc5..32eac3afafa5d5 100755
--- a/Parser/asdl_c.py
+++ b/Parser/asdl_c.py
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ def emit(self, s, depth, reflow=True):
     def metadata(self):
         if self._metadata is None:
             raise ValueError(
-                "%s was expecting to be annnotated with metadata"
+                "%s was expecting to be annotated with metadata"
                 % type(self).__name__
             )
         return self._metadata
@@ -843,8 +843,9 @@ def visitModule(self, mod):
 } AST_object;
 
 static void
-ast_dealloc(AST_object *self)
+ast_dealloc(PyObject *op)
 {
+    AST_object *self = (AST_object*)op;
     /* bpo-31095: UnTrack is needed before calling any callbacks */
     PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(self);
     PyObject_GC_UnTrack(self);
@@ -856,16 +857,18 @@ def visitModule(self, mod):
 }
 
 static int
-ast_traverse(AST_object *self, visitproc visit, void *arg)
+ast_traverse(PyObject *op, visitproc visit, void *arg)
 {
+    AST_object *self = (AST_object*)op;
     Py_VISIT(Py_TYPE(self));
     Py_VISIT(self->dict);
     return 0;
 }
 
 static int
-ast_clear(AST_object *self)
+ast_clear(PyObject *op)
 {
+    AST_object *self = (AST_object*)op;
     Py_CLEAR(self->dict);
     return 0;
 }
@@ -880,7 +883,7 @@ def visitModule(self, mod):
 
     Py_ssize_t i, numfields = 0;
     int res = -1;
-    PyObject *key, *value, *fields, *remaining_fields = NULL;
+    PyObject *key, *value, *fields, *attributes = NULL, *remaining_fields = NULL;
     if (PyObject_GetOptionalAttr((PyObject*)Py_TYPE(self), state->_fields, &fields) < 0) {
         goto cleanup;
     }
@@ -947,22 +950,32 @@ def visitModule(self, mod):
                     goto cleanup;
                 }
             }
-            else if (
-                PyUnicode_CompareWithASCIIString(key, "lineno") != 0 &&
-                PyUnicode_CompareWithASCIIString(key, "col_offset") != 0 &&
-                PyUnicode_CompareWithASCIIString(key, "end_lineno") != 0 &&
-                PyUnicode_CompareWithASCIIString(key, "end_col_offset") != 0
-            ) {
-                if (PyErr_WarnFormat(
-                    PyExc_DeprecationWarning, 1,
-                    "%.400s.__init__ got an unexpected keyword argument '%U'. "
-                    "Support for arbitrary keyword arguments is deprecated "
-                    "and will be removed in Python 3.15.",
-                    Py_TYPE(self)->tp_name, key
-                ) < 0) {
+            else {
+                // Lazily initialize "attributes"
+                if (attributes == NULL) {
+                    attributes = PyObject_GetAttr((PyObject*)Py_TYPE(self), state->_attributes);
+                    if (attributes == NULL) {
+                        res = -1;
+                        goto cleanup;
+                    }
+                }
+                int contains = PySequence_Contains(attributes, key);
+                if (contains == -1) {
                     res = -1;
                     goto cleanup;
                 }
+                else if (contains == 0) {
+                    if (PyErr_WarnFormat(
+                        PyExc_DeprecationWarning, 1,
+                        "%.400s.__init__ got an unexpected keyword argument '%U'. "
+                        "Support for arbitrary keyword arguments is deprecated "
+                        "and will be removed in Python 3.15.",
+                        Py_TYPE(self)->tp_name, key
+                    ) < 0) {
+                        res = -1;
+                        goto cleanup;
+                    }
+                }
             }
             res = PyObject_SetAttr(self, key, value);
             if (res < 0) {
@@ -1045,6 +1058,7 @@ def visitModule(self, mod):
         Py_DECREF(field_types);
     }
   cleanup:
+    Py_XDECREF(attributes);
     Py_XDECREF(fields);
     Py_XDECREF(remaining_fields);
     return res;
@@ -1064,17 +1078,22 @@ def visitModule(self, mod):
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    PyObject *dict = NULL, *fields = NULL, *remaining_fields = NULL,
-             *remaining_dict = NULL, *positional_args = NULL;
+    PyObject *dict = NULL, *fields = NULL, *positional_args = NULL;
     if (PyObject_GetOptionalAttr(self, state->__dict__, &dict) < 0) {
         return NULL;
     }
     PyObject *result = NULL;
     if (dict) {
-        // Serialize the fields as positional args if possible, because if we
-        // serialize them as a dict, during unpickling they are set only *after*
-        // the object is constructed, which will now trigger a DeprecationWarning
-        // if the AST type has required fields.
+        // Unpickling (or copying) works as follows:
+        // - Construct the object with only positional arguments
+        // - Set the fields from the dict
+        // We have two constraints:
+        // - We must set all the required fields in the initial constructor call,
+        //   or the unpickling or deepcopying of the object will trigger DeprecationWarnings.
+        // - We must not include child nodes in the positional args, because
+        //   that may trigger runaway recursion during copying (gh-120108).
+        // To satisfy both constraints, we set all the fields to None in the
+        // initial list of positional args, and then set the fields from the dict.
         if (PyObject_GetOptionalAttr((PyObject*)Py_TYPE(self), state->_fields, &fields) < 0) {
             goto cleanup;
         }
@@ -1084,11 +1103,6 @@ def visitModule(self, mod):
                 Py_DECREF(dict);
                 goto cleanup;
             }
-            remaining_dict = PyDict_Copy(dict);
-            Py_DECREF(dict);
-            if (!remaining_dict) {
-                goto cleanup;
-            }
             positional_args = PyList_New(0);
             if (!positional_args) {
                 goto cleanup;
@@ -1099,7 +1113,7 @@ def visitModule(self, mod):
                     goto cleanup;
                 }
                 PyObject *value;
-                int rc = PyDict_Pop(remaining_dict, name, &value);
+                int rc = PyDict_GetItemRef(dict, name, &value);
                 Py_DECREF(name);
                 if (rc < 0) {
                     goto cleanup;
@@ -1107,7 +1121,7 @@ def visitModule(self, mod):
                 if (!value) {
                     break;
                 }
-                rc = PyList_Append(positional_args, value);
+                rc = PyList_Append(positional_args, Py_None);
                 Py_DECREF(value);
                 if (rc < 0) {
                     goto cleanup;
@@ -1117,8 +1131,7 @@ def visitModule(self, mod):
             if (!args_tuple) {
                 goto cleanup;
             }
-            result = Py_BuildValue("ONO", Py_TYPE(self), args_tuple,
-                                   remaining_dict);
+            result = Py_BuildValue("ONN", Py_TYPE(self), args_tuple, dict);
         }
         else {
             result = Py_BuildValue("O()N", Py_TYPE(self), dict);
@@ -1129,12 +1142,283 @@ def visitModule(self, mod):
     }
 cleanup:
     Py_XDECREF(fields);
-    Py_XDECREF(remaining_fields);
-    Py_XDECREF(remaining_dict);
     Py_XDECREF(positional_args);
     return result;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Perform the following validations:
+ *
+ *   - All keyword arguments are known 'fields' or 'attributes'.
+ *   - No field or attribute would be left unfilled after copy.replace().
+ *
+ * On success, this returns 1. Otherwise, set a TypeError
+ * exception and returns -1 (no exception is set if some
+ * other internal errors occur).
+ *
+ * Parameters
+ *
+ *      self          The AST node instance.
+ *      dict          The AST node instance dictionary (self.__dict__).
+ *      fields        The list of fields (self._fields).
+ *      attributes    The list of attributes (self._attributes).
+ *      kwargs        Keyword arguments passed to ast_type_replace().
+ *
+ * The 'dict', 'fields', 'attributes' and 'kwargs' arguments can be NULL.
+ *
+ * Note: this function can be removed in 3.15 since the verification
+ *       will be done inside the constructor.
+ */
+static inline int
+ast_type_replace_check(PyObject *self,
+                       PyObject *dict,
+                       PyObject *fields,
+                       PyObject *attributes,
+                       PyObject *kwargs)
+{
+    // While it is possible to make some fast paths that would avoid
+    // allocating objects on the stack, this would cost us readability.
+    // For instance, if 'fields' and 'attributes' are both empty, and
+    // 'kwargs' is not empty, we could raise a TypeError immediately.
+    PyObject *expecting = PySet_New(fields);
+    if (expecting == NULL) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    if (attributes) {
+        if (_PySet_Update(expecting, attributes) < 0) {
+            Py_DECREF(expecting);
+            return -1;
+        }
+    }
+    // Any keyword argument that is neither a field nor attribute is rejected.
+    // We first need to check whether a keyword argument is accepted or not.
+    // If all keyword arguments are accepted, we compute the required fields
+    // and attributes. A field or attribute is not needed if:
+    //
+    //  1) it is given in 'kwargs', or
+    //  2) it already exists on 'self'.
+    if (kwargs) {
+        Py_ssize_t pos = 0;
+        PyObject *key, *value;
+        while (PyDict_Next(kwargs, &pos, &key, &value)) {
+            int rc = PySet_Discard(expecting, key);
+            if (rc < 0) {
+                Py_DECREF(expecting);
+                return -1;
+            }
+            if (rc == 0) {
+                PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
+                             "%.400s.__replace__ got an unexpected keyword "
+                             "argument '%U'.", Py_TYPE(self)->tp_name, key);
+                Py_DECREF(expecting);
+                return -1;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    // check that the remaining fields or attributes would be filled
+    if (dict) {
+        Py_ssize_t pos = 0;
+        PyObject *key, *value;
+        while (PyDict_Next(dict, &pos, &key, &value)) {
+            // Mark fields or attributes that are found on the instance
+            // as non-mandatory. If they are not given in 'kwargs', they
+            // will be shallow-coied; otherwise, they would be replaced
+            // (not in this function).
+            if (PySet_Discard(expecting, key) < 0) {
+                Py_DECREF(expecting);
+                return -1;
+            }
+        }
+        if (attributes) {
+            // Some attributes may or may not be present at runtime.
+            // In particular, now that we checked whether 'kwargs'
+            // is correct or not, we allow any attribute to be missing.
+            //
+            // Note that fields must still be entirely determined when
+            // calling the constructor later.
+            PyObject *unused = PyObject_CallMethodOneArg(expecting,
+                                                         &_Py_ID(difference_update),
+                                                         attributes);
+            if (unused == NULL) {
+                Py_DECREF(expecting);
+                return -1;
+            }
+            Py_DECREF(unused);
+        }
+    }
+    // Now 'expecting' contains the fields or attributes
+    // that would not be filled inside ast_type_replace().
+    Py_ssize_t m = PySet_GET_SIZE(expecting);
+    if (m > 0) {
+        PyObject *names = PyList_New(m);
+        if (names == NULL) {
+            Py_DECREF(expecting);
+            return -1;
+        }
+        Py_ssize_t i = 0, pos = 0;
+        PyObject *item;
+        Py_hash_t hash;
+        while (_PySet_NextEntry(expecting, &pos, &item, &hash)) {
+            PyObject *name = PyObject_Repr(item);
+            if (name == NULL) {
+                Py_DECREF(expecting);
+                Py_DECREF(names);
+                return -1;
+            }
+            // steal the reference 'name'
+            PyList_SET_ITEM(names, i++, name);
+        }
+        Py_DECREF(expecting);
+        if (PyList_Sort(names) < 0) {
+            Py_DECREF(names);
+            return -1;
+        }
+        PyObject *sep = PyUnicode_FromString(", ");
+        if (sep == NULL) {
+            Py_DECREF(names);
+            return -1;
+        }
+        PyObject *str_names = PyUnicode_Join(sep, names);
+        Py_DECREF(sep);
+        Py_DECREF(names);
+        if (str_names == NULL) {
+            return -1;
+        }
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
+                     "%.400s.__replace__ missing %ld keyword argument%s: %U.",
+                     Py_TYPE(self)->tp_name, m, m == 1 ? "" : "s", str_names);
+        Py_DECREF(str_names);
+        return -1;
+    }
+    else {
+        Py_DECREF(expecting);
+        return 1;
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Python equivalent:
+ *
+ *   for key in keys:
+ *       if hasattr(self, key):
+ *           payload[key] = getattr(self, key)
+ *
+ * The 'keys' argument is a sequence corresponding to
+ * the '_fields' or the '_attributes' of an AST node.
+ *
+ * This returns -1 if an error occurs and 0 otherwise.
+ *
+ * Parameters
+ *
+ *      payload   A dictionary to fill.
+ *      keys      A sequence of keys or NULL for an empty sequence.
+ *      dict      The AST node instance dictionary (must not be NULL).
+ */
+static inline int
+ast_type_replace_update_payload(PyObject *payload,
+                                PyObject *keys,
+                                PyObject *dict)
+{
+    assert(dict != NULL);
+    if (keys == NULL) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    Py_ssize_t n = PySequence_Size(keys);
+    if (n == -1) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        PyObject *key = PySequence_GetItem(keys, i);
+        if (key == NULL) {
+            return -1;
+        }
+        PyObject *value;
+        if (PyDict_GetItemRef(dict, key, &value) < 0) {
+            Py_DECREF(key);
+            return -1;
+        }
+        if (value == NULL) {
+            Py_DECREF(key);
+            // If a field or attribute is not present at runtime, it should
+            // be explicitly given in 'kwargs'. If not, the constructor will
+            // issue a warning (which becomes an error in 3.15).
+            continue;
+        }
+        int rc = PyDict_SetItem(payload, key, value);
+        Py_DECREF(key);
+        Py_DECREF(value);
+        if (rc < 0) {
+            return -1;
+        }
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/* copy.replace() support (shallow copy) */
+static PyObject *
+ast_type_replace(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
+{
+    if (!_PyArg_NoPositional("__replace__", args)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    struct ast_state *state = get_ast_state();
+    if (state == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    PyObject *result = NULL;
+    // known AST class fields and attributes
+    PyObject *fields = NULL, *attributes = NULL;
+    // current instance dictionary
+    PyObject *dict = NULL;
+    // constructor positional and keyword arguments
+    PyObject *empty_tuple = NULL, *payload = NULL;
+
+    PyObject *type = (PyObject *)Py_TYPE(self);
+    if (PyObject_GetOptionalAttr(type, state->_fields, &fields) < 0) {
+        goto cleanup;
+    }
+    if (PyObject_GetOptionalAttr(type, state->_attributes, &attributes) < 0) {
+        goto cleanup;
+    }
+    if (PyObject_GetOptionalAttr(self, state->__dict__, &dict) < 0) {
+        goto cleanup;
+    }
+    if (ast_type_replace_check(self, dict, fields, attributes, kwargs) < 0) {
+        goto cleanup;
+    }
+    empty_tuple = PyTuple_New(0);
+    if (empty_tuple == NULL) {
+        goto cleanup;
+    }
+    payload = PyDict_New();
+    if (payload == NULL) {
+        goto cleanup;
+    }
+    if (dict) { // in case __dict__ is missing (for some obscure reason)
+        // copy the instance's fields (possibly NULL)
+        if (ast_type_replace_update_payload(payload, fields, dict) < 0) {
+            goto cleanup;
+        }
+        // copy the instance's attributes (possibly NULL)
+        if (ast_type_replace_update_payload(payload, attributes, dict) < 0) {
+            goto cleanup;
+        }
+    }
+    if (kwargs && PyDict_Update(payload, kwargs) < 0) {
+        goto cleanup;
+    }
+    result = PyObject_Call(type, empty_tuple, payload);
+cleanup:
+    Py_XDECREF(payload);
+    Py_XDECREF(empty_tuple);
+    Py_XDECREF(dict);
+    Py_XDECREF(attributes);
+    Py_XDECREF(fields);
+    return result;
+}
+
 static PyMemberDef ast_type_members[] = {
     {"__dictoffset__", Py_T_PYSSIZET, offsetof(AST_object, dict), Py_READONLY},
     {NULL}  /* Sentinel */
@@ -1142,6 +1426,10 @@ def visitModule(self, mod):
 
 static PyMethodDef ast_type_methods[] = {
     {"__reduce__", ast_type_reduce, METH_NOARGS, NULL},
+    {"__replace__", _PyCFunction_CAST(ast_type_replace), METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS,
+     PyDoc_STR("__replace__($self, /, **fields)\\n--\\n\\n"
+               "Return a copy of the AST node with new values "
+               "for the specified fields.")},
     {NULL}
 };
 
@@ -1150,8 +1438,229 @@ def visitModule(self, mod):
     {NULL}
 };
 
+static PyObject *
+ast_repr_max_depth(AST_object *self, int depth);
+
+/* Format list and tuple properties of AST nodes.
+   Note that, only the first and last elements are shown.
+   Anything in between is represented with an ellipsis ('...').
+   For example, the list [1, 2, 3] is formatted as
+   'List(elts=[Constant(1), ..., Constant(3)])'. */
+static PyObject *
+ast_repr_list(PyObject *list, int depth)
+{
+    assert(PyList_Check(list) || PyTuple_Check(list));
+
+    struct ast_state *state = get_ast_state();
+    if (state == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    Py_ssize_t length = PySequence_Size(list);
+    if (length < 0) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    else if (length == 0) {
+        return PyObject_Repr(list);
+    }
+
+    _PyUnicodeWriter writer;
+    _PyUnicodeWriter_Init(&writer);
+    writer.overallocate = 1;
+    PyObject *items[2] = {NULL, NULL};
+
+    items[0] = PySequence_GetItem(list, 0);
+    if (!items[0]) {
+        goto error;
+    }
+    if (length > 1) {
+        items[1] = PySequence_GetItem(list, length - 1);
+        if (!items[1]) {
+            goto error;
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool is_list = PyList_Check(list);
+    if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar(&writer, is_list ? '[' : '(') < 0) {
+        goto error;
+    }
+
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < Py_MIN(length, 2); i++) {
+        PyObject *item = items[i];
+        PyObject *item_repr;
+
+        if (PyType_IsSubtype(Py_TYPE(item), (PyTypeObject *)state->AST_type)) {
+            item_repr = ast_repr_max_depth((AST_object*)item, depth - 1);
+        } else {
+            item_repr = PyObject_Repr(item);
+        }
+        if (!item_repr) {
+            goto error;
+        }
+        if (i > 0) {
+            if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteASCIIString(&writer, ", ", 2) < 0) {
+                goto error;
+            }
+        }
+        if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteStr(&writer, item_repr) < 0) {
+            Py_DECREF(item_repr);
+            goto error;
+        }
+        if (i == 0 && length > 2) {
+            if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteASCIIString(&writer, ", ...", 5) < 0) {
+                Py_DECREF(item_repr);
+                goto error;
+            }
+        }
+        Py_DECREF(item_repr);
+    }
+
+    if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar(&writer, is_list ? ']' : ')') < 0) {
+        goto error;
+    }
+
+    Py_XDECREF(items[0]);
+    Py_XDECREF(items[1]);
+    return _PyUnicodeWriter_Finish(&writer);
+
+error:
+    Py_XDECREF(items[0]);
+    Py_XDECREF(items[1]);
+    _PyUnicodeWriter_Dealloc(&writer);
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+ast_repr_max_depth(AST_object *self, int depth)
+{
+    struct ast_state *state = get_ast_state();
+    if (state == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    if (depth <= 0) {
+        return PyUnicode_FromFormat("%s(...)", Py_TYPE(self)->tp_name);
+    }
+
+    int status = Py_ReprEnter((PyObject *)self);
+    if (status != 0) {
+        if (status < 0) {
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        return PyUnicode_FromFormat("%s(...)", Py_TYPE(self)->tp_name);
+    }
+
+    PyObject *fields;
+    if (PyObject_GetOptionalAttr((PyObject *)Py_TYPE(self), state->_fields, &fields) < 0) {
+        Py_ReprLeave((PyObject *)self);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    Py_ssize_t numfields = PySequence_Size(fields);
+    if (numfields < 0) {
+        Py_ReprLeave((PyObject *)self);
+        Py_DECREF(fields);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    if (numfields == 0) {
+        Py_ReprLeave((PyObject *)self);
+        Py_DECREF(fields);
+        return PyUnicode_FromFormat("%s()", Py_TYPE(self)->tp_name);
+    }
+
+    const char* tp_name = Py_TYPE(self)->tp_name;
+    _PyUnicodeWriter writer;
+    _PyUnicodeWriter_Init(&writer);
+    writer.overallocate = 1;
+
+    if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteASCIIString(&writer, tp_name, strlen(tp_name)) < 0) {
+        goto error;
+    }
+    if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar(&writer, '(') < 0) {
+        goto error;
+    }
+
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < numfields; i++) {
+        PyObject *name = PySequence_GetItem(fields, i);
+        if (!name) {
+            goto error;
+        }
+
+        PyObject *value = PyObject_GetAttr((PyObject *)self, name);
+        if (!value) {
+            Py_DECREF(name);
+            goto error;
+        }
+
+        PyObject *value_repr;
+        if (PyList_Check(value) || PyTuple_Check(value)) {
+            value_repr = ast_repr_list(value, depth);
+        }
+        else if (PyType_IsSubtype(Py_TYPE(value), (PyTypeObject *)state->AST_type)) {
+            value_repr = ast_repr_max_depth((AST_object*)value, depth - 1);
+        }
+        else {
+            value_repr = PyObject_Repr(value);
+        }
+
+        Py_DECREF(value);
+
+        if (!value_repr) {
+            Py_DECREF(name);
+            goto error;
+        }
+
+        if (i > 0) {
+            if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteASCIIString(&writer, ", ", 2) < 0) {
+                Py_DECREF(name);
+                Py_DECREF(value_repr);
+                goto error;
+            }
+        }
+        if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteStr(&writer, name) < 0) {
+            Py_DECREF(name);
+            Py_DECREF(value_repr);
+            goto error;
+        }
+
+        Py_DECREF(name);
+
+        if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar(&writer, '=') < 0) {
+            Py_DECREF(value_repr);
+            goto error;
+        }
+        if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteStr(&writer, value_repr) < 0) {
+            Py_DECREF(value_repr);
+            goto error;
+        }
+
+        Py_DECREF(value_repr);
+    }
+
+    if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar(&writer, ')') < 0) {
+        goto error;
+    }
+    Py_ReprLeave((PyObject *)self);
+    Py_DECREF(fields);
+    return _PyUnicodeWriter_Finish(&writer);
+
+error:
+    Py_ReprLeave((PyObject *)self);
+    Py_DECREF(fields);
+    _PyUnicodeWriter_Dealloc(&writer);
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+ast_repr(PyObject *self)
+{
+    return ast_repr_max_depth((AST_object*)self, 3);
+}
+
 static PyType_Slot AST_type_slots[] = {
     {Py_tp_dealloc, ast_dealloc},
+    {Py_tp_repr, ast_repr},
     {Py_tp_getattro, PyObject_GenericGetAttr},
     {Py_tp_setattro, PyObject_GenericSetAttr},
     {Py_tp_traverse, ast_traverse},
@@ -1340,8 +1849,9 @@ def visitModule(self, mod):
 
         self.file.write(textwrap.dedent('''
             static int
-            init_types(struct ast_state *state)
+            init_types(void *arg)
             {
+                struct ast_state *state = arg;
                 if (init_identifiers(state) < 0) {
                     return -1;
                 }
@@ -1732,8 +2242,6 @@ def generate_ast_fini(module_state, f):
     for s in module_state:
         f.write("    Py_CLEAR(state->" + s + ');\n')
     f.write(textwrap.dedent("""
-                Py_CLEAR(_Py_INTERP_CACHED_OBJECT(interp, str_replace_inf));
-
                 state->finalized = 1;
                 state->once = (_PyOnceFlag){0};
             }
@@ -1776,7 +2284,9 @@ def generate_module_def(mod, metadata, f, internal_h):
         #include "pycore_ceval.h"         // _Py_EnterRecursiveCall
         #include "pycore_lock.h"          // _PyOnceFlag
         #include "pycore_interp.h"        // _PyInterpreterState.ast
+        #include "pycore_modsupport.h"    // _PyArg_NoPositional()
         #include "pycore_pystate.h"       // _PyInterpreterState_GET()
+        #include "pycore_setobject.h"     // _PySet_NextEntry(), _PySet_Update()
         #include "pycore_unionobject.h"   // _Py_union_type_or
         #include "structmember.h"
         #include <stddef.h>
@@ -1787,7 +2297,7 @@ def generate_module_def(mod, metadata, f, internal_h):
         };
 
         // Forward declaration
-        static int init_types(struct ast_state *state);
+        static int init_types(void *arg);
 
         static struct ast_state*
         get_ast_state(void)
diff --git a/Parser/lexer/lexer.c b/Parser/lexer/lexer.c
index 82b0e4ee352d62..8c868593f944c8 100644
--- a/Parser/lexer/lexer.c
+++ b/Parser/lexer/lexer.c
@@ -884,7 +884,7 @@ tok_get_normal_mode(struct tok_state *tok, tokenizer_mode* current_tok, struct t
                 return MAKE_TOKEN(ERRORTOKEN);
             }
             {
-                /* Accept floating point numbers. */
+                /* Accept floating-point numbers. */
                 if (c == '.') {
                     c = tok_nextc(tok);
         fraction:
@@ -989,6 +989,7 @@ tok_get_normal_mode(struct tok_state *tok, tokenizer_mode* current_tok, struct t
         the_current_tok->last_expr_buffer = NULL;
         the_current_tok->last_expr_size = 0;
         the_current_tok->last_expr_end = -1;
+        the_current_tok->in_format_spec = 0;
         the_current_tok->f_string_debug = 0;
 
         switch (*tok->start) {
@@ -1137,15 +1138,20 @@ tok_get_normal_mode(struct tok_state *tok, tokenizer_mode* current_tok, struct t
          * by the `{` case, so for ensuring that we are on the 0th level, we need
          * to adjust it manually */
         int cursor = current_tok->curly_bracket_depth - (c != '{');
-        if (cursor == 0 && !_PyLexer_update_fstring_expr(tok, c)) {
+        int in_format_spec = current_tok->in_format_spec;
+         int cursor_in_format_with_debug =
+             cursor == 1 && (current_tok->f_string_debug || in_format_spec);
+         int cursor_valid = cursor == 0 || cursor_in_format_with_debug;
+        if ((cursor_valid) && !_PyLexer_update_fstring_expr(tok, c)) {
             return MAKE_TOKEN(ENDMARKER);
         }
-        if (cursor == 0 && c != '{' && set_fstring_expr(tok, token, c)) {
+        if ((cursor_valid) && c != '{' && set_fstring_expr(tok, token, c)) {
             return MAKE_TOKEN(ERRORTOKEN);
         }
 
         if (c == ':' && cursor == current_tok->curly_bracket_expr_start_depth) {
             current_tok->kind = TOK_FSTRING_MODE;
+            current_tok->in_format_spec = 1;
             p_start = tok->start;
             p_end = tok->cur;
             return MAKE_TOKEN(_PyToken_OneChar(c));
@@ -1232,9 +1238,13 @@ tok_get_normal_mode(struct tok_state *tok, tokenizer_mode* current_tok, struct t
 
         if (INSIDE_FSTRING(tok)) {
             current_tok->curly_bracket_depth--;
+            if (current_tok->curly_bracket_depth < 0) {
+                return MAKE_TOKEN(_PyTokenizer_syntaxerror(tok, "f-string: unmatched '%c'", c));
+            }
             if (c == '}' && current_tok->curly_bracket_depth == current_tok->curly_bracket_expr_start_depth) {
                 current_tok->curly_bracket_expr_start_depth--;
                 current_tok->kind = TOK_FSTRING_MODE;
+                current_tok->in_format_spec = 0;
                 current_tok->f_string_debug = 0;
             }
         }
@@ -1317,11 +1327,11 @@ tok_get_fstring_mode(struct tok_state *tok, tokenizer_mode* current_tok, struct
     tok->multi_line_start = tok->line_start;
     while (end_quote_size != current_tok->f_string_quote_size) {
         int c = tok_nextc(tok);
-        if (tok->done == E_ERROR) {
+        if (tok->done == E_ERROR || tok->done == E_DECODE) {
             return MAKE_TOKEN(ERRORTOKEN);
         }
         int in_format_spec = (
-                current_tok->last_expr_end != -1
+                current_tok->in_format_spec
                 &&
                 INSIDE_FSTRING_EXPR(current_tok)
         );
@@ -1337,6 +1347,7 @@ tok_get_fstring_mode(struct tok_state *tok, tokenizer_mode* current_tok, struct
             if (in_format_spec && c == '\n') {
                 tok_backup(tok, c);
                 TOK_GET_MODE(tok)->kind = TOK_REGULAR_MODE;
+                current_tok->in_format_spec = 0;
                 p_start = tok->start;
                 p_end = tok->cur;
                 return MAKE_TOKEN(FSTRING_MIDDLE);
@@ -1378,6 +1389,9 @@ tok_get_fstring_mode(struct tok_state *tok, tokenizer_mode* current_tok, struct
         }
 
         if (c == '{') {
+            if (!_PyLexer_update_fstring_expr(tok, c)) {
+                return MAKE_TOKEN(ENDMARKER);
+            }
             int peek = tok_nextc(tok);
             if (peek != '{' || in_format_spec) {
                 tok_backup(tok, peek);
@@ -1387,6 +1401,7 @@ tok_get_fstring_mode(struct tok_state *tok, tokenizer_mode* current_tok, struct
                     return MAKE_TOKEN(_PyTokenizer_syntaxerror(tok, "f-string: expressions nested too deeply"));
                 }
                 TOK_GET_MODE(tok)->kind = TOK_REGULAR_MODE;
+                current_tok->in_format_spec = 0;
                 p_start = tok->start;
                 p_end = tok->cur;
             } else {
@@ -1406,13 +1421,15 @@ tok_get_fstring_mode(struct tok_state *tok, tokenizer_mode* current_tok, struct
             // scanning (indicated by the end of the expression being set) and we are not at the top level
             // of the bracket stack (-1 is the top level). Since format specifiers can't legally use double
             // brackets, we can bypass it here.
-            if (peek == '}' && !in_format_spec) {
+            int cursor = current_tok->curly_bracket_depth;
+            if (peek == '}' && !in_format_spec && cursor == 0) {
                 p_start = tok->start;
                 p_end = tok->cur - 1;
             } else {
                 tok_backup(tok, peek);
                 tok_backup(tok, c);
                 TOK_GET_MODE(tok)->kind = TOK_REGULAR_MODE;
+                current_tok->in_format_spec = 0;
                 p_start = tok->start;
                 p_end = tok->cur;
             }
diff --git a/Parser/lexer/state.c b/Parser/lexer/state.c
index 653ddafd411095..1665debea30b30 100644
--- a/Parser/lexer/state.c
+++ b/Parser/lexer/state.c
@@ -12,7 +12,8 @@
 struct tok_state *
 _PyTokenizer_tok_new(void)
 {
-    struct tok_state *tok = (struct tok_state *)PyMem_Malloc(
+    struct tok_state *tok = (struct tok_state *)PyMem_Calloc(
+                                            1,
                                             sizeof(struct tok_state));
     if (tok == NULL)
         return NULL;
@@ -74,6 +75,7 @@ free_fstring_expressions(struct tok_state *tok)
             mode->last_expr_buffer = NULL;
             mode->last_expr_size = 0;
             mode->last_expr_end = -1;
+            mode->in_format_spec = 0;
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/Parser/lexer/state.h b/Parser/lexer/state.h
index 61d090d6d2fe21..9ed3babfdbfbf1 100644
--- a/Parser/lexer/state.h
+++ b/Parser/lexer/state.h
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ typedef struct _tokenizer_mode {
     Py_ssize_t last_expr_end;
     char* last_expr_buffer;
     int f_string_debug;
+    int in_format_spec;
 } tokenizer_mode;
 
 /* Tokenizer state */
diff --git a/Parser/myreadline.c b/Parser/myreadline.c
index 1825665354844b..74c44ff77717f5 100644
--- a/Parser/myreadline.c
+++ b/Parser/myreadline.c
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
 PyAPI_DATA(PyThreadState*) _PyOS_ReadlineTState;
 PyThreadState *_PyOS_ReadlineTState = NULL;
 
-static PyThread_type_lock _PyOS_ReadlineLock = NULL;
+static PyMutex _PyOS_ReadlineLock;
 
 int (*PyOS_InputHook)(void) = NULL;
 
@@ -373,29 +373,22 @@ PyOS_Readline(FILE *sys_stdin, FILE *sys_stdout, const char *prompt)
     size_t len;
 
     PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
-    if (_PyOS_ReadlineTState == tstate) {
+    if (_Py_atomic_load_ptr_relaxed(&_PyOS_ReadlineTState) == tstate) {
         PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError,
                         "can't re-enter readline");
         return NULL;
     }
 
-
+    // GH-123321: We need to acquire the lock before setting
+    // _PyOS_ReadlineTState, otherwise the variable may be nullified by a
+    // different thread.
+    Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
+    PyMutex_Lock(&_PyOS_ReadlineLock);
+    _Py_atomic_store_ptr_relaxed(&_PyOS_ReadlineTState, tstate);
     if (PyOS_ReadlineFunctionPointer == NULL) {
         PyOS_ReadlineFunctionPointer = PyOS_StdioReadline;
     }
 
-    if (_PyOS_ReadlineLock == NULL) {
-        _PyOS_ReadlineLock = PyThread_allocate_lock();
-        if (_PyOS_ReadlineLock == NULL) {
-            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_MemoryError, "can't allocate lock");
-            return NULL;
-        }
-    }
-
-    _PyOS_ReadlineTState = tstate;
-    Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
-    PyThread_acquire_lock(_PyOS_ReadlineLock, 1);
-
     /* This is needed to handle the unlikely case that the
      * interpreter is in interactive mode *and* stdin/out are not
      * a tty.  This can happen, for example if python is run like
@@ -418,11 +411,12 @@ PyOS_Readline(FILE *sys_stdin, FILE *sys_stdout, const char *prompt)
     else {
         rv = (*PyOS_ReadlineFunctionPointer)(sys_stdin, sys_stdout, prompt);
     }
-    Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
 
-    PyThread_release_lock(_PyOS_ReadlineLock);
-
-    _PyOS_ReadlineTState = NULL;
+    // gh-123321: Must set the variable and then release the lock before
+    // taking the GIL. Otherwise a deadlock or segfault may occur.
+    _Py_atomic_store_ptr_relaxed(&_PyOS_ReadlineTState, NULL);
+    PyMutex_Unlock(&_PyOS_ReadlineLock);
+    Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
 
     if (rv == NULL)
         return NULL;
diff --git a/Parser/parser.c b/Parser/parser.c
index 05cd93c2c92f29..9ff58ab7e7bfd5 100644
--- a/Parser/parser.c
+++ b/Parser/parser.c
@@ -21,28 +21,28 @@ static KeywordToken *reserved_keywords[] = {
     (KeywordToken[]) {{NULL, -1}},
     (KeywordToken[]) {{NULL, -1}},
     (KeywordToken[]) {
-        {"if", 660},
-        {"as", 658},
-        {"in", 671},
+        {"if", 668},
+        {"as", 666},
+        {"in", 679},
         {"or", 581},
         {"is", 589},
         {NULL, -1},
     },
     (KeywordToken[]) {
         {"del", 613},
-        {"def", 675},
-        {"for", 670},
+        {"def", 683},
+        {"for", 678},
         {"try", 642},
         {"and", 582},
-        {"not", 679},
+        {"not", 687},
         {NULL, -1},
     },
     (KeywordToken[]) {
         {"from", 621},
         {"pass", 504},
         {"with", 633},
-        {"elif", 662},
-        {"else", 663},
+        {"elif", 670},
+        {"else", 671},
         {"None", 611},
         {"True", 610},
         {NULL, -1},
@@ -51,9 +51,9 @@ static KeywordToken *reserved_keywords[] = {
         {"raise", 525},
         {"yield", 580},
         {"break", 508},
-        {"async", 674},
-        {"class", 677},
-        {"while", 665},
+        {"async", 682},
+        {"class", 685},
+        {"while", 673},
         {"False", 612},
         {"await", 590},
         {NULL, -1},
@@ -63,12 +63,12 @@ static KeywordToken *reserved_keywords[] = {
         {"import", 622},
         {"assert", 529},
         {"global", 526},
-        {"except", 655},
+        {"except", 663},
         {"lambda", 609},
         {NULL, -1},
     },
     (KeywordToken[]) {
-        {"finally", 651},
+        {"finally", 659},
         {NULL, -1},
     },
     (KeywordToken[]) {
@@ -312,311 +312,200 @@ static char *soft_keywords[] = {
 #define invalid_with_stmt_indent_type 1225
 #define invalid_try_stmt_type 1226
 #define invalid_except_stmt_type 1227
-#define invalid_finally_stmt_type 1228
-#define invalid_except_stmt_indent_type 1229
-#define invalid_except_star_stmt_indent_type 1230
-#define invalid_match_stmt_type 1231
-#define invalid_case_block_type 1232
-#define invalid_as_pattern_type 1233
-#define invalid_class_pattern_type 1234
-#define invalid_class_argument_pattern_type 1235
-#define invalid_if_stmt_type 1236
-#define invalid_elif_stmt_type 1237
-#define invalid_else_stmt_type 1238
-#define invalid_while_stmt_type 1239
-#define invalid_for_stmt_type 1240
-#define invalid_def_raw_type 1241
-#define invalid_class_def_raw_type 1242
-#define invalid_double_starred_kvpairs_type 1243
-#define invalid_kvpair_type 1244
-#define invalid_starred_expression_unpacking_type 1245
-#define invalid_starred_expression_type 1246
-#define invalid_replacement_field_type 1247
-#define invalid_conversion_character_type 1248
-#define invalid_arithmetic_type 1249
-#define invalid_factor_type 1250
-#define invalid_type_params_type 1251
-#define _loop0_1_type 1252
-#define _loop0_2_type 1253
-#define _loop1_3_type 1254
-#define _loop0_5_type 1255
+#define invalid_except_star_stmt_type 1228
+#define invalid_finally_stmt_type 1229
+#define invalid_except_stmt_indent_type 1230
+#define invalid_except_star_stmt_indent_type 1231
+#define invalid_match_stmt_type 1232
+#define invalid_case_block_type 1233
+#define invalid_as_pattern_type 1234
+#define invalid_class_pattern_type 1235
+#define invalid_class_argument_pattern_type 1236
+#define invalid_if_stmt_type 1237
+#define invalid_elif_stmt_type 1238
+#define invalid_else_stmt_type 1239
+#define invalid_while_stmt_type 1240
+#define invalid_for_stmt_type 1241
+#define invalid_def_raw_type 1242
+#define invalid_class_def_raw_type 1243
+#define invalid_double_starred_kvpairs_type 1244
+#define invalid_kvpair_type 1245
+#define invalid_starred_expression_unpacking_type 1246
+#define invalid_starred_expression_type 1247
+#define invalid_replacement_field_type 1248
+#define invalid_conversion_character_type 1249
+#define invalid_arithmetic_type 1250
+#define invalid_factor_type 1251
+#define invalid_type_params_type 1252
+#define _loop0_1_type 1253
+#define _loop1_2_type 1254
+#define _loop0_3_type 1255
 #define _gather_4_type 1256
-#define _tmp_6_type 1257
-#define _tmp_7_type 1258
-#define _tmp_8_type 1259
-#define _tmp_9_type 1260
-#define _tmp_10_type 1261
-#define _tmp_11_type 1262
-#define _tmp_12_type 1263
-#define _tmp_13_type 1264
-#define _loop1_14_type 1265
-#define _tmp_15_type 1266
-#define _tmp_16_type 1267
-#define _tmp_17_type 1268
-#define _loop0_19_type 1269
-#define _gather_18_type 1270
-#define _loop0_21_type 1271
-#define _gather_20_type 1272
-#define _tmp_22_type 1273
-#define _tmp_23_type 1274
-#define _loop0_24_type 1275
-#define _loop1_25_type 1276
-#define _loop0_27_type 1277
-#define _gather_26_type 1278
-#define _tmp_28_type 1279
-#define _loop0_30_type 1280
-#define _gather_29_type 1281
-#define _tmp_31_type 1282
-#define _loop1_32_type 1283
-#define _tmp_33_type 1284
-#define _tmp_34_type 1285
-#define _tmp_35_type 1286
-#define _loop0_36_type 1287
-#define _loop0_37_type 1288
-#define _loop0_38_type 1289
-#define _loop1_39_type 1290
-#define _loop0_40_type 1291
-#define _loop1_41_type 1292
-#define _loop1_42_type 1293
-#define _loop1_43_type 1294
-#define _loop0_44_type 1295
-#define _loop1_45_type 1296
-#define _loop0_46_type 1297
-#define _loop1_47_type 1298
-#define _loop0_48_type 1299
-#define _loop0_49_type 1300
-#define _loop1_50_type 1301
-#define _loop0_52_type 1302
-#define _gather_51_type 1303
-#define _loop0_54_type 1304
-#define _gather_53_type 1305
-#define _loop0_56_type 1306
-#define _gather_55_type 1307
-#define _loop0_58_type 1308
-#define _gather_57_type 1309
-#define _tmp_59_type 1310
-#define _loop1_60_type 1311
-#define _loop1_61_type 1312
-#define _tmp_62_type 1313
-#define _tmp_63_type 1314
-#define _loop1_64_type 1315
-#define _loop0_66_type 1316
-#define _gather_65_type 1317
-#define _tmp_67_type 1318
-#define _tmp_68_type 1319
-#define _tmp_69_type 1320
-#define _tmp_70_type 1321
-#define _loop0_72_type 1322
-#define _gather_71_type 1323
-#define _loop0_74_type 1324
-#define _gather_73_type 1325
-#define _tmp_75_type 1326
-#define _loop0_77_type 1327
-#define _gather_76_type 1328
-#define _loop0_79_type 1329
-#define _gather_78_type 1330
-#define _loop0_81_type 1331
-#define _gather_80_type 1332
-#define _loop1_82_type 1333
-#define _loop1_83_type 1334
-#define _loop0_85_type 1335
-#define _gather_84_type 1336
-#define _loop1_86_type 1337
-#define _loop1_87_type 1338
-#define _loop1_88_type 1339
-#define _tmp_89_type 1340
-#define _loop0_91_type 1341
+#define _tmp_5_type 1257
+#define _tmp_6_type 1258
+#define _tmp_7_type 1259
+#define _tmp_8_type 1260
+#define _tmp_9_type 1261
+#define _tmp_10_type 1262
+#define _tmp_11_type 1263
+#define _loop1_12_type 1264
+#define _tmp_13_type 1265
+#define _loop0_14_type 1266
+#define _gather_15_type 1267
+#define _tmp_16_type 1268
+#define _tmp_17_type 1269
+#define _loop0_18_type 1270
+#define _loop1_19_type 1271
+#define _loop0_20_type 1272
+#define _gather_21_type 1273
+#define _tmp_22_type 1274
+#define _loop0_23_type 1275
+#define _gather_24_type 1276
+#define _loop1_25_type 1277
+#define _tmp_26_type 1278
+#define _tmp_27_type 1279
+#define _loop0_28_type 1280
+#define _loop0_29_type 1281
+#define _loop1_30_type 1282
+#define _loop1_31_type 1283
+#define _loop0_32_type 1284
+#define _loop1_33_type 1285
+#define _loop0_34_type 1286
+#define _gather_35_type 1287
+#define _tmp_36_type 1288
+#define _loop1_37_type 1289
+#define _loop1_38_type 1290
+#define _loop1_39_type 1291
+#define _loop0_40_type 1292
+#define _gather_41_type 1293
+#define _tmp_42_type 1294
+#define _tmp_43_type 1295
+#define _loop0_44_type 1296
+#define _gather_45_type 1297
+#define _loop0_46_type 1298
+#define _gather_47_type 1299
+#define _tmp_48_type 1300
+#define _loop0_49_type 1301
+#define _gather_50_type 1302
+#define _loop0_51_type 1303
+#define _gather_52_type 1304
+#define _loop0_53_type 1305
+#define _gather_54_type 1306
+#define _loop1_55_type 1307
+#define _loop1_56_type 1308
+#define _loop0_57_type 1309
+#define _gather_58_type 1310
+#define _loop1_59_type 1311
+#define _loop1_60_type 1312
+#define _loop1_61_type 1313
+#define _tmp_62_type 1314
+#define _loop0_63_type 1315
+#define _gather_64_type 1316
+#define _tmp_65_type 1317
+#define _tmp_66_type 1318
+#define _tmp_67_type 1319
+#define _tmp_68_type 1320
+#define _tmp_69_type 1321
+#define _tmp_70_type 1322
+#define _loop0_71_type 1323
+#define _loop0_72_type 1324
+#define _loop1_73_type 1325
+#define _loop1_74_type 1326
+#define _loop0_75_type 1327
+#define _loop1_76_type 1328
+#define _loop0_77_type 1329
+#define _loop0_78_type 1330
+#define _loop1_79_type 1331
+#define _tmp_80_type 1332
+#define _loop0_81_type 1333
+#define _gather_82_type 1334
+#define _loop1_83_type 1335
+#define _loop0_84_type 1336
+#define _tmp_85_type 1337
+#define _loop0_86_type 1338
+#define _gather_87_type 1339
+#define _tmp_88_type 1340
+#define _loop0_89_type 1341
 #define _gather_90_type 1342
-#define _tmp_92_type 1343
-#define _tmp_93_type 1344
-#define _tmp_94_type 1345
-#define _tmp_95_type 1346
-#define _tmp_96_type 1347
-#define _tmp_97_type 1348
-#define _loop0_98_type 1349
-#define _loop0_99_type 1350
-#define _loop0_100_type 1351
-#define _loop1_101_type 1352
-#define _loop0_102_type 1353
-#define _loop1_103_type 1354
-#define _loop1_104_type 1355
-#define _loop1_105_type 1356
-#define _loop0_106_type 1357
-#define _loop1_107_type 1358
-#define _loop0_108_type 1359
-#define _loop1_109_type 1360
-#define _loop0_110_type 1361
-#define _loop1_111_type 1362
-#define _loop0_112_type 1363
-#define _loop0_113_type 1364
-#define _loop1_114_type 1365
-#define _tmp_115_type 1366
-#define _loop0_117_type 1367
-#define _gather_116_type 1368
-#define _loop1_118_type 1369
-#define _loop0_119_type 1370
-#define _loop0_120_type 1371
-#define _tmp_121_type 1372
-#define _loop0_123_type 1373
-#define _gather_122_type 1374
-#define _tmp_124_type 1375
-#define _loop0_126_type 1376
-#define _gather_125_type 1377
-#define _loop0_128_type 1378
+#define _loop0_91_type 1343
+#define _gather_92_type 1344
+#define _loop0_93_type 1345
+#define _loop0_94_type 1346
+#define _gather_95_type 1347
+#define _loop1_96_type 1348
+#define _tmp_97_type 1349
+#define _loop0_98_type 1350
+#define _gather_99_type 1351
+#define _loop0_100_type 1352
+#define _gather_101_type 1353
+#define _tmp_102_type 1354
+#define _tmp_103_type 1355
+#define _loop0_104_type 1356
+#define _gather_105_type 1357
+#define _tmp_106_type 1358
+#define _tmp_107_type 1359
+#define _tmp_108_type 1360
+#define _tmp_109_type 1361
+#define _tmp_110_type 1362
+#define _tmp_111_type 1363
+#define _tmp_112_type 1364
+#define _tmp_113_type 1365
+#define _tmp_114_type 1366
+#define _loop0_115_type 1367
+#define _loop0_116_type 1368
+#define _tmp_117_type 1369
+#define _tmp_118_type 1370
+#define _tmp_119_type 1371
+#define _tmp_120_type 1372
+#define _tmp_121_type 1373
+#define _tmp_122_type 1374
+#define _tmp_123_type 1375
+#define _tmp_124_type 1376
+#define _tmp_125_type 1377
+#define _loop0_126_type 1378
 #define _gather_127_type 1379
-#define _loop0_130_type 1380
-#define _gather_129_type 1381
-#define _loop0_132_type 1382
-#define _gather_131_type 1383
-#define _loop0_133_type 1384
-#define _loop0_135_type 1385
-#define _gather_134_type 1386
-#define _loop1_136_type 1387
-#define _tmp_137_type 1388
-#define _loop0_139_type 1389
-#define _gather_138_type 1390
-#define _loop0_141_type 1391
-#define _gather_140_type 1392
-#define _loop0_143_type 1393
-#define _gather_142_type 1394
-#define _loop0_145_type 1395
-#define _gather_144_type 1396
-#define _loop0_147_type 1397
-#define _gather_146_type 1398
-#define _tmp_148_type 1399
-#define _tmp_149_type 1400
-#define _loop0_151_type 1401
-#define _gather_150_type 1402
-#define _tmp_152_type 1403
-#define _tmp_153_type 1404
-#define _tmp_154_type 1405
-#define _tmp_155_type 1406
-#define _tmp_156_type 1407
-#define _tmp_157_type 1408
-#define _tmp_158_type 1409
-#define _tmp_159_type 1410
-#define _tmp_160_type 1411
-#define _tmp_161_type 1412
-#define _loop0_162_type 1413
-#define _loop0_163_type 1414
-#define _loop0_164_type 1415
-#define _tmp_165_type 1416
-#define _tmp_166_type 1417
-#define _tmp_167_type 1418
-#define _tmp_168_type 1419
-#define _loop0_169_type 1420
-#define _loop0_170_type 1421
-#define _loop0_171_type 1422
-#define _loop1_172_type 1423
-#define _tmp_173_type 1424
-#define _loop0_174_type 1425
-#define _tmp_175_type 1426
-#define _loop0_176_type 1427
-#define _loop1_177_type 1428
-#define _tmp_178_type 1429
-#define _tmp_179_type 1430
-#define _tmp_180_type 1431
-#define _loop0_181_type 1432
-#define _tmp_182_type 1433
-#define _tmp_183_type 1434
-#define _loop1_184_type 1435
-#define _tmp_185_type 1436
-#define _loop0_186_type 1437
-#define _loop0_187_type 1438
-#define _loop0_188_type 1439
-#define _loop0_190_type 1440
-#define _gather_189_type 1441
-#define _tmp_191_type 1442
-#define _loop0_192_type 1443
-#define _tmp_193_type 1444
-#define _loop0_194_type 1445
-#define _loop1_195_type 1446
-#define _loop1_196_type 1447
-#define _tmp_197_type 1448
-#define _tmp_198_type 1449
-#define _loop0_199_type 1450
-#define _tmp_200_type 1451
-#define _tmp_201_type 1452
-#define _tmp_202_type 1453
-#define _tmp_203_type 1454
-#define _loop0_205_type 1455
-#define _gather_204_type 1456
-#define _loop0_207_type 1457
-#define _gather_206_type 1458
-#define _loop0_209_type 1459
-#define _gather_208_type 1460
-#define _loop0_211_type 1461
-#define _gather_210_type 1462
-#define _loop0_213_type 1463
-#define _gather_212_type 1464
-#define _tmp_214_type 1465
-#define _loop0_215_type 1466
-#define _loop1_216_type 1467
-#define _tmp_217_type 1468
-#define _loop0_218_type 1469
-#define _loop1_219_type 1470
-#define _tmp_220_type 1471
-#define _tmp_221_type 1472
-#define _tmp_222_type 1473
-#define _tmp_223_type 1474
-#define _tmp_224_type 1475
-#define _tmp_225_type 1476
-#define _tmp_226_type 1477
-#define _tmp_227_type 1478
-#define _tmp_228_type 1479
-#define _tmp_229_type 1480
-#define _tmp_230_type 1481
-#define _loop0_232_type 1482
-#define _gather_231_type 1483
-#define _tmp_233_type 1484
-#define _tmp_234_type 1485
-#define _tmp_235_type 1486
-#define _tmp_236_type 1487
-#define _tmp_237_type 1488
-#define _tmp_238_type 1489
-#define _tmp_239_type 1490
-#define _loop0_240_type 1491
-#define _tmp_241_type 1492
-#define _tmp_242_type 1493
-#define _tmp_243_type 1494
-#define _tmp_244_type 1495
-#define _tmp_245_type 1496
-#define _tmp_246_type 1497
-#define _tmp_247_type 1498
-#define _tmp_248_type 1499
-#define _tmp_249_type 1500
-#define _tmp_250_type 1501
-#define _tmp_251_type 1502
-#define _tmp_252_type 1503
-#define _tmp_253_type 1504
-#define _tmp_254_type 1505
-#define _tmp_255_type 1506
-#define _tmp_256_type 1507
-#define _tmp_257_type 1508
-#define _tmp_258_type 1509
-#define _tmp_259_type 1510
-#define _tmp_260_type 1511
-#define _tmp_261_type 1512
-#define _tmp_262_type 1513
-#define _tmp_263_type 1514
-#define _tmp_264_type 1515
-#define _tmp_265_type 1516
-#define _loop0_266_type 1517
-#define _tmp_267_type 1518
-#define _tmp_268_type 1519
-#define _tmp_269_type 1520
-#define _tmp_270_type 1521
-#define _tmp_271_type 1522
-#define _tmp_272_type 1523
-#define _loop0_274_type 1524
-#define _gather_273_type 1525
-#define _tmp_275_type 1526
-#define _tmp_276_type 1527
-#define _tmp_277_type 1528
-#define _tmp_278_type 1529
-#define _tmp_279_type 1530
-#define _tmp_280_type 1531
-#define _tmp_281_type 1532
+#define _tmp_128_type 1380
+#define _tmp_129_type 1381
+#define _tmp_130_type 1382
+#define _tmp_131_type 1383
+#define _loop0_132_type 1384
+#define _gather_133_type 1385
+#define _loop0_134_type 1386
+#define _gather_135_type 1387
+#define _loop0_136_type 1388
+#define _gather_137_type 1389
+#define _tmp_138_type 1390
+#define _loop0_139_type 1391
+#define _tmp_140_type 1392
+#define _tmp_141_type 1393
+#define _tmp_142_type 1394
+#define _tmp_143_type 1395
+#define _tmp_144_type 1396
+#define _tmp_145_type 1397
+#define _tmp_146_type 1398
+#define _tmp_147_type 1399
+#define _tmp_148_type 1400
+#define _tmp_149_type 1401
+#define _tmp_150_type 1402
+#define _tmp_151_type 1403
+#define _tmp_152_type 1404
+#define _tmp_153_type 1405
+#define _tmp_154_type 1406
+#define _tmp_155_type 1407
+#define _tmp_156_type 1408
+#define _tmp_157_type 1409
+#define _tmp_158_type 1410
+#define _tmp_159_type 1411
+#define _tmp_160_type 1412
+#define _tmp_161_type 1413
+#define _tmp_162_type 1414
+#define _tmp_163_type 1415
+#define _tmp_164_type 1416
+#define _loop0_165_type 1417
+#define _tmp_166_type 1418
+#define _tmp_167_type 1419
+#define _tmp_168_type 1420
+#define _tmp_169_type 1421
 
 static mod_ty file_rule(Parser *p);
 static mod_ty interactive_rule(Parser *p);
@@ -846,6 +735,7 @@ static void *invalid_with_stmt_rule(Parser *p);
 static void *invalid_with_stmt_indent_rule(Parser *p);
 static void *invalid_try_stmt_rule(Parser *p);
 static void *invalid_except_stmt_rule(Parser *p);
+static void *invalid_except_star_stmt_rule(Parser *p);
 static void *invalid_finally_stmt_rule(Parser *p);
 static void *invalid_except_stmt_indent_rule(Parser *p);
 static void *invalid_except_star_stmt_indent_rule(Parser *p);
@@ -871,156 +761,156 @@ static void *invalid_arithmetic_rule(Parser *p);
 static void *invalid_factor_rule(Parser *p);
 static void *invalid_type_params_rule(Parser *p);
 static asdl_seq *_loop0_1_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop0_2_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop1_3_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop0_5_rule(Parser *p);
+static asdl_seq *_loop1_2_rule(Parser *p);
+static asdl_seq *_loop0_3_rule(Parser *p);
 static asdl_seq *_gather_4_rule(Parser *p);
+static void *_tmp_5_rule(Parser *p);
 static void *_tmp_6_rule(Parser *p);
 static void *_tmp_7_rule(Parser *p);
 static void *_tmp_8_rule(Parser *p);
 static void *_tmp_9_rule(Parser *p);
 static void *_tmp_10_rule(Parser *p);
 static void *_tmp_11_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_12_rule(Parser *p);
+static asdl_seq *_loop1_12_rule(Parser *p);
 static void *_tmp_13_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop1_14_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_15_rule(Parser *p);
+static asdl_seq *_loop0_14_rule(Parser *p);
+static asdl_seq *_gather_15_rule(Parser *p);
 static void *_tmp_16_rule(Parser *p);
 static void *_tmp_17_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop0_19_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_gather_18_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop0_21_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_gather_20_rule(Parser *p);
+static asdl_seq *_loop0_18_rule(Parser *p);
+static asdl_seq *_loop1_19_rule(Parser *p);
+static asdl_seq *_loop0_20_rule(Parser *p);
+static asdl_seq *_gather_21_rule(Parser *p);
 static void *_tmp_22_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_23_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop0_24_rule(Parser *p);
+static asdl_seq *_loop0_23_rule(Parser *p);
+static asdl_seq *_gather_24_rule(Parser *p);
 static asdl_seq *_loop1_25_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop0_27_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_gather_26_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_28_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop0_30_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_gather_29_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_31_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop1_32_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_33_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_34_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_35_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop0_36_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop0_37_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop0_38_rule(Parser *p);
+static void *_tmp_26_rule(Parser *p);
+static void *_tmp_27_rule(Parser *p);
+static asdl_seq *_loop0_28_rule(Parser *p);
+static asdl_seq *_loop0_29_rule(Parser *p);
+static asdl_seq *_loop1_30_rule(Parser *p);
+static asdl_seq *_loop1_31_rule(Parser *p);
+static asdl_seq *_loop0_32_rule(Parser *p);
+static asdl_seq *_loop1_33_rule(Parser *p);
+static asdl_seq *_loop0_34_rule(Parser *p);
+static asdl_seq *_gather_35_rule(Parser *p);
+static void *_tmp_36_rule(Parser *p);
+static asdl_seq *_loop1_37_rule(Parser *p);
+static asdl_seq *_loop1_38_rule(Parser *p);
 static asdl_seq *_loop1_39_rule(Parser *p);
 static asdl_seq *_loop0_40_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop1_41_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop1_42_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop1_43_rule(Parser *p);
+static asdl_seq *_gather_41_rule(Parser *p);
+static void *_tmp_42_rule(Parser *p);
+static void *_tmp_43_rule(Parser *p);
 static asdl_seq *_loop0_44_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop1_45_rule(Parser *p);
+static asdl_seq *_gather_45_rule(Parser *p);
 static asdl_seq *_loop0_46_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop1_47_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop0_48_rule(Parser *p);
+static asdl_seq *_gather_47_rule(Parser *p);
+static void *_tmp_48_rule(Parser *p);
 static asdl_seq *_loop0_49_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop1_50_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop0_52_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_gather_51_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop0_54_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_gather_53_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop0_56_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_gather_55_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop0_58_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_gather_57_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_59_rule(Parser *p);
+static asdl_seq *_gather_50_rule(Parser *p);
+static asdl_seq *_loop0_51_rule(Parser *p);
+static asdl_seq *_gather_52_rule(Parser *p);
+static asdl_seq *_loop0_53_rule(Parser *p);
+static asdl_seq *_gather_54_rule(Parser *p);
+static asdl_seq *_loop1_55_rule(Parser *p);
+static asdl_seq *_loop1_56_rule(Parser *p);
+static asdl_seq *_loop0_57_rule(Parser *p);
+static asdl_seq *_gather_58_rule(Parser *p);
+static asdl_seq *_loop1_59_rule(Parser *p);
 static asdl_seq *_loop1_60_rule(Parser *p);
 static asdl_seq *_loop1_61_rule(Parser *p);
 static void *_tmp_62_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_63_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop1_64_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop0_66_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_gather_65_rule(Parser *p);
+static asdl_seq *_loop0_63_rule(Parser *p);
+static asdl_seq *_gather_64_rule(Parser *p);
+static void *_tmp_65_rule(Parser *p);
+static void *_tmp_66_rule(Parser *p);
 static void *_tmp_67_rule(Parser *p);
 static void *_tmp_68_rule(Parser *p);
 static void *_tmp_69_rule(Parser *p);
 static void *_tmp_70_rule(Parser *p);
+static asdl_seq *_loop0_71_rule(Parser *p);
 static asdl_seq *_loop0_72_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_gather_71_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop0_74_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_gather_73_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_75_rule(Parser *p);
+static asdl_seq *_loop1_73_rule(Parser *p);
+static asdl_seq *_loop1_74_rule(Parser *p);
+static asdl_seq *_loop0_75_rule(Parser *p);
+static asdl_seq *_loop1_76_rule(Parser *p);
 static asdl_seq *_loop0_77_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_gather_76_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop0_79_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_gather_78_rule(Parser *p);
+static asdl_seq *_loop0_78_rule(Parser *p);
+static asdl_seq *_loop1_79_rule(Parser *p);
+static void *_tmp_80_rule(Parser *p);
 static asdl_seq *_loop0_81_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_gather_80_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop1_82_rule(Parser *p);
+static asdl_seq *_gather_82_rule(Parser *p);
 static asdl_seq *_loop1_83_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop0_85_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_gather_84_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop1_86_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop1_87_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop1_88_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_89_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop0_91_rule(Parser *p);
+static asdl_seq *_loop0_84_rule(Parser *p);
+static void *_tmp_85_rule(Parser *p);
+static asdl_seq *_loop0_86_rule(Parser *p);
+static asdl_seq *_gather_87_rule(Parser *p);
+static void *_tmp_88_rule(Parser *p);
+static asdl_seq *_loop0_89_rule(Parser *p);
 static asdl_seq *_gather_90_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_92_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_93_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_94_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_95_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_96_rule(Parser *p);
+static asdl_seq *_loop0_91_rule(Parser *p);
+static asdl_seq *_gather_92_rule(Parser *p);
+static asdl_seq *_loop0_93_rule(Parser *p);
+static asdl_seq *_loop0_94_rule(Parser *p);
+static asdl_seq *_gather_95_rule(Parser *p);
+static asdl_seq *_loop1_96_rule(Parser *p);
 static void *_tmp_97_rule(Parser *p);
 static asdl_seq *_loop0_98_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop0_99_rule(Parser *p);
+static asdl_seq *_gather_99_rule(Parser *p);
 static asdl_seq *_loop0_100_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop1_101_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop0_102_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop1_103_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop1_104_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop1_105_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop0_106_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop1_107_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop0_108_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop1_109_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop0_110_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop1_111_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop0_112_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop0_113_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop1_114_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_115_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop0_117_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_gather_116_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop1_118_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop0_119_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop0_120_rule(Parser *p);
+static asdl_seq *_gather_101_rule(Parser *p);
+static void *_tmp_102_rule(Parser *p);
+static void *_tmp_103_rule(Parser *p);
+static asdl_seq *_loop0_104_rule(Parser *p);
+static asdl_seq *_gather_105_rule(Parser *p);
+static void *_tmp_106_rule(Parser *p);
+static void *_tmp_107_rule(Parser *p);
+static void *_tmp_108_rule(Parser *p);
+static void *_tmp_109_rule(Parser *p);
+static void *_tmp_110_rule(Parser *p);
+static void *_tmp_111_rule(Parser *p);
+static void *_tmp_112_rule(Parser *p);
+static void *_tmp_113_rule(Parser *p);
+static void *_tmp_114_rule(Parser *p);
+static asdl_seq *_loop0_115_rule(Parser *p);
+static asdl_seq *_loop0_116_rule(Parser *p);
+static void *_tmp_117_rule(Parser *p);
+static void *_tmp_118_rule(Parser *p);
+static void *_tmp_119_rule(Parser *p);
+static void *_tmp_120_rule(Parser *p);
 static void *_tmp_121_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop0_123_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_gather_122_rule(Parser *p);
+static void *_tmp_122_rule(Parser *p);
+static void *_tmp_123_rule(Parser *p);
 static void *_tmp_124_rule(Parser *p);
+static void *_tmp_125_rule(Parser *p);
 static asdl_seq *_loop0_126_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_gather_125_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop0_128_rule(Parser *p);
 static asdl_seq *_gather_127_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop0_130_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_gather_129_rule(Parser *p);
+static void *_tmp_128_rule(Parser *p);
+static void *_tmp_129_rule(Parser *p);
+static void *_tmp_130_rule(Parser *p);
+static void *_tmp_131_rule(Parser *p);
 static asdl_seq *_loop0_132_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_gather_131_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop0_133_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop0_135_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_gather_134_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop1_136_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_137_rule(Parser *p);
+static asdl_seq *_gather_133_rule(Parser *p);
+static asdl_seq *_loop0_134_rule(Parser *p);
+static asdl_seq *_gather_135_rule(Parser *p);
+static asdl_seq *_loop0_136_rule(Parser *p);
+static asdl_seq *_gather_137_rule(Parser *p);
+static void *_tmp_138_rule(Parser *p);
 static asdl_seq *_loop0_139_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_gather_138_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop0_141_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_gather_140_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop0_143_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_gather_142_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop0_145_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_gather_144_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop0_147_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_gather_146_rule(Parser *p);
+static void *_tmp_140_rule(Parser *p);
+static void *_tmp_141_rule(Parser *p);
+static void *_tmp_142_rule(Parser *p);
+static void *_tmp_143_rule(Parser *p);
+static void *_tmp_144_rule(Parser *p);
+static void *_tmp_145_rule(Parser *p);
+static void *_tmp_146_rule(Parser *p);
+static void *_tmp_147_rule(Parser *p);
 static void *_tmp_148_rule(Parser *p);
 static void *_tmp_149_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop0_151_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_gather_150_rule(Parser *p);
+static void *_tmp_150_rule(Parser *p);
+static void *_tmp_151_rule(Parser *p);
 static void *_tmp_152_rule(Parser *p);
 static void *_tmp_153_rule(Parser *p);
 static void *_tmp_154_rule(Parser *p);
@@ -1031,126 +921,14 @@ static void *_tmp_158_rule(Parser *p);
 static void *_tmp_159_rule(Parser *p);
 static void *_tmp_160_rule(Parser *p);
 static void *_tmp_161_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop0_162_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop0_163_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop0_164_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_165_rule(Parser *p);
+static void *_tmp_162_rule(Parser *p);
+static void *_tmp_163_rule(Parser *p);
+static void *_tmp_164_rule(Parser *p);
+static asdl_seq *_loop0_165_rule(Parser *p);
 static void *_tmp_166_rule(Parser *p);
 static void *_tmp_167_rule(Parser *p);
 static void *_tmp_168_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop0_169_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop0_170_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop0_171_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop1_172_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_173_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop0_174_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_175_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop0_176_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop1_177_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_178_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_179_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_180_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop0_181_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_182_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_183_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop1_184_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_185_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop0_186_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop0_187_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop0_188_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop0_190_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_gather_189_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_191_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop0_192_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_193_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop0_194_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop1_195_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop1_196_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_197_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_198_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop0_199_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_200_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_201_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_202_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_203_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop0_205_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_gather_204_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop0_207_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_gather_206_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop0_209_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_gather_208_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop0_211_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_gather_210_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop0_213_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_gather_212_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_214_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop0_215_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop1_216_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_217_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop0_218_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop1_219_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_220_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_221_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_222_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_223_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_224_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_225_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_226_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_227_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_228_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_229_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_230_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop0_232_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_gather_231_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_233_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_234_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_235_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_236_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_237_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_238_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_239_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop0_240_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_241_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_242_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_243_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_244_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_245_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_246_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_247_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_248_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_249_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_250_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_251_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_252_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_253_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_254_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_255_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_256_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_257_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_258_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_259_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_260_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_261_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_262_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_263_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_264_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_265_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop0_266_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_267_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_268_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_269_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_270_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_271_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_272_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_loop0_274_rule(Parser *p);
-static asdl_seq *_gather_273_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_275_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_276_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_277_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_278_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_279_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_280_rule(Parser *p);
-static void *_tmp_281_rule(Parser *p);
+static void *_tmp_169_rule(Parser *p);
 
 
 // file: statements? $
@@ -1313,7 +1091,7 @@ func_type_rule(Parser *p)
         Token * _literal;
         Token * _literal_1;
         Token * _literal_2;
-        asdl_seq * _loop0_2_var;
+        asdl_seq * _loop0_1_var;
         void *a;
         expr_ty b;
         Token * endmarker_var;
@@ -1328,7 +1106,7 @@ func_type_rule(Parser *p)
             &&
             (b = expression_rule(p))  // expression
             &&
-            (_loop0_2_var = _loop0_2_rule(p))  // NEWLINE*
+            (_loop0_1_var = _loop0_1_rule(p))  // NEWLINE*
             &&
             (endmarker_var = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, ENDMARKER))  // token='ENDMARKER'
         )
@@ -1373,7 +1151,7 @@ statements_rule(Parser *p)
         D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> statements[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "statement+"));
         asdl_seq * a;
         if (
-            (a = _loop1_3_rule(p))  // statement+
+            (a = _loop1_2_rule(p))  // statement+
         )
         {
             D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ statements[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "statement+"));
@@ -1814,7 +1592,7 @@ simple_stmt_rule(Parser *p)
         D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> simple_stmt[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "&('import' | 'from') import_stmt"));
         stmt_ty import_stmt_var;
         if (
-            _PyPegen_lookahead(1, (void *(*)(Parser *)) _tmp_6_rule, p)
+            _PyPegen_lookahead(1, (void *(*)(Parser *)) _tmp_5_rule, p)
             &&
             (import_stmt_var = import_stmt_rule(p))  // import_stmt
         )
@@ -2088,7 +1866,7 @@ compound_stmt_rule(Parser *p)
         D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> compound_stmt[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "&('def' | '@' | 'async') function_def"));
         stmt_ty function_def_var;
         if (
-            _PyPegen_lookahead(1, (void *(*)(Parser *)) _tmp_7_rule, p)
+            _PyPegen_lookahead(1, (void *(*)(Parser *)) _tmp_6_rule, p)
             &&
             (function_def_var = function_def_rule(p))  // function_def
         )
@@ -2109,7 +1887,7 @@ compound_stmt_rule(Parser *p)
         D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> compound_stmt[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "&'if' if_stmt"));
         stmt_ty if_stmt_var;
         if (
-            _PyPegen_lookahead_with_int(1, _PyPegen_expect_token, p, 660)  // token='if'
+            _PyPegen_lookahead_with_int(1, _PyPegen_expect_token, p, 668)  // token='if'
             &&
             (if_stmt_var = if_stmt_rule(p))  // if_stmt
         )
@@ -2130,7 +1908,7 @@ compound_stmt_rule(Parser *p)
         D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> compound_stmt[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "&('class' | '@') class_def"));
         stmt_ty class_def_var;
         if (
-            _PyPegen_lookahead(1, (void *(*)(Parser *)) _tmp_8_rule, p)
+            _PyPegen_lookahead(1, (void *(*)(Parser *)) _tmp_7_rule, p)
             &&
             (class_def_var = class_def_rule(p))  // class_def
         )
@@ -2151,7 +1929,7 @@ compound_stmt_rule(Parser *p)
         D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> compound_stmt[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "&('with' | 'async') with_stmt"));
         stmt_ty with_stmt_var;
         if (
-            _PyPegen_lookahead(1, (void *(*)(Parser *)) _tmp_9_rule, p)
+            _PyPegen_lookahead(1, (void *(*)(Parser *)) _tmp_8_rule, p)
             &&
             (with_stmt_var = with_stmt_rule(p))  // with_stmt
         )
@@ -2172,7 +1950,7 @@ compound_stmt_rule(Parser *p)
         D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> compound_stmt[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "&('for' | 'async') for_stmt"));
         stmt_ty for_stmt_var;
         if (
-            _PyPegen_lookahead(1, (void *(*)(Parser *)) _tmp_10_rule, p)
+            _PyPegen_lookahead(1, (void *(*)(Parser *)) _tmp_9_rule, p)
             &&
             (for_stmt_var = for_stmt_rule(p))  // for_stmt
         )
@@ -2214,7 +1992,7 @@ compound_stmt_rule(Parser *p)
         D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> compound_stmt[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "&'while' while_stmt"));
         stmt_ty while_stmt_var;
         if (
-            _PyPegen_lookahead_with_int(1, _PyPegen_expect_token, p, 665)  // token='while'
+            _PyPegen_lookahead_with_int(1, _PyPegen_expect_token, p, 673)  // token='while'
             &&
             (while_stmt_var = while_stmt_rule(p))  // while_stmt
         )
@@ -2255,8 +2033,8 @@ compound_stmt_rule(Parser *p)
 // assignment:
 //     | NAME ':' expression ['=' annotated_rhs]
 //     | ('(' single_target ')' | single_subscript_attribute_target) ':' expression ['=' annotated_rhs]
-//     | ((star_targets '='))+ (yield_expr | star_expressions) !'=' TYPE_COMMENT?
-//     | single_target augassign ~ (yield_expr | star_expressions)
+//     | ((star_targets '='))+ annotated_rhs !'=' TYPE_COMMENT?
+//     | single_target augassign ~ annotated_rhs
 //     | invalid_assignment
 static stmt_ty
 assignment_rule(Parser *p)
@@ -2296,7 +2074,7 @@ assignment_rule(Parser *p)
             &&
             (b = expression_rule(p))  // expression
             &&
-            (c = _tmp_11_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // ['=' annotated_rhs]
+            (c = _tmp_10_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // ['=' annotated_rhs]
         )
         {
             D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ assignment[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "NAME ':' expression ['=' annotated_rhs]"));
@@ -2332,13 +2110,13 @@ assignment_rule(Parser *p)
         expr_ty b;
         void *c;
         if (
-            (a = _tmp_12_rule(p))  // '(' single_target ')' | single_subscript_attribute_target
+            (a = _tmp_11_rule(p))  // '(' single_target ')' | single_subscript_attribute_target
             &&
             (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 11))  // token=':'
             &&
             (b = expression_rule(p))  // expression
             &&
-            (c = _tmp_13_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // ['=' annotated_rhs]
+            (c = _tmp_10_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // ['=' annotated_rhs]
         )
         {
             D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ assignment[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "('(' single_target ')' | single_subscript_attribute_target) ':' expression ['=' annotated_rhs]"));
@@ -2363,26 +2141,26 @@ assignment_rule(Parser *p)
         D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s assignment[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
                   p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "('(' single_target ')' | single_subscript_attribute_target) ':' expression ['=' annotated_rhs]"));
     }
-    { // ((star_targets '='))+ (yield_expr | star_expressions) !'=' TYPE_COMMENT?
+    { // ((star_targets '='))+ annotated_rhs !'=' TYPE_COMMENT?
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> assignment[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "((star_targets '='))+ (yield_expr | star_expressions) !'=' TYPE_COMMENT?"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> assignment[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "((star_targets '='))+ annotated_rhs !'=' TYPE_COMMENT?"));
         asdl_expr_seq* a;
-        void *b;
+        expr_ty b;
         void *tc;
         if (
-            (a = (asdl_expr_seq*)_loop1_14_rule(p))  // ((star_targets '='))+
+            (a = (asdl_expr_seq*)_loop1_12_rule(p))  // ((star_targets '='))+
             &&
-            (b = _tmp_15_rule(p))  // yield_expr | star_expressions
+            (b = annotated_rhs_rule(p))  // annotated_rhs
             &&
             _PyPegen_lookahead_with_int(0, _PyPegen_expect_token, p, 22)  // token='='
             &&
             (tc = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, TYPE_COMMENT), !p->error_indicator)  // TYPE_COMMENT?
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ assignment[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "((star_targets '='))+ (yield_expr | star_expressions) !'=' TYPE_COMMENT?"));
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ assignment[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "((star_targets '='))+ annotated_rhs !'=' TYPE_COMMENT?"));
             Token *_token = _PyPegen_get_last_nonnwhitespace_token(p);
             if (_token == NULL) {
                 p->level--;
@@ -2402,18 +2180,18 @@ assignment_rule(Parser *p)
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
         D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s assignment[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "((star_targets '='))+ (yield_expr | star_expressions) !'=' TYPE_COMMENT?"));
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "((star_targets '='))+ annotated_rhs !'=' TYPE_COMMENT?"));
     }
-    { // single_target augassign ~ (yield_expr | star_expressions)
+    { // single_target augassign ~ annotated_rhs
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> assignment[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "single_target augassign ~ (yield_expr | star_expressions)"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> assignment[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "single_target augassign ~ annotated_rhs"));
         int _cut_var = 0;
         expr_ty a;
         AugOperator* b;
-        void *c;
+        expr_ty c;
         if (
             (a = single_target_rule(p))  // single_target
             &&
@@ -2421,10 +2199,10 @@ assignment_rule(Parser *p)
             &&
             (_cut_var = 1)
             &&
-            (c = _tmp_16_rule(p))  // yield_expr | star_expressions
+            (c = annotated_rhs_rule(p))  // annotated_rhs
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ assignment[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "single_target augassign ~ (yield_expr | star_expressions)"));
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ assignment[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "single_target augassign ~ annotated_rhs"));
             Token *_token = _PyPegen_get_last_nonnwhitespace_token(p);
             if (_token == NULL) {
                 p->level--;
@@ -2444,7 +2222,7 @@ assignment_rule(Parser *p)
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
         D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s assignment[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "single_target augassign ~ (yield_expr | star_expressions)"));
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "single_target augassign ~ annotated_rhs"));
         if (_cut_var) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
@@ -2976,7 +2754,7 @@ raise_stmt_rule(Parser *p)
             &&
             (a = expression_rule(p))  // expression
             &&
-            (b = _tmp_17_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // ['from' expression]
+            (b = _tmp_13_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // ['from' expression]
         )
         {
             D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ raise_stmt[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'raise' expression ['from' expression]"));
@@ -3073,7 +2851,7 @@ global_stmt_rule(Parser *p)
         if (
             (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 526))  // token='global'
             &&
-            (a = (asdl_expr_seq*)_gather_18_rule(p))  // ','.NAME+
+            (a = (asdl_expr_seq*)_gather_15_rule(p))  // ','.NAME+
         )
         {
             D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ global_stmt[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'global' ','.NAME+"));
@@ -3137,7 +2915,7 @@ nonlocal_stmt_rule(Parser *p)
         if (
             (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 527))  // token='nonlocal'
             &&
-            (a = (asdl_expr_seq*)_gather_20_rule(p))  // ','.NAME+
+            (a = (asdl_expr_seq*)_gather_15_rule(p))  // ','.NAME+
         )
         {
             D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ nonlocal_stmt[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'nonlocal' ','.NAME+"));
@@ -3203,7 +2981,7 @@ del_stmt_rule(Parser *p)
             &&
             (a = del_targets_rule(p))  // del_targets
             &&
-            _PyPegen_lookahead(1, (void *(*)(Parser *)) _tmp_22_rule, p)
+            _PyPegen_lookahead(1, (void *(*)(Parser *)) _tmp_16_rule, p)
         )
         {
             D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ del_stmt[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'del' del_targets &(';' | NEWLINE)"));
@@ -3350,7 +3128,7 @@ assert_stmt_rule(Parser *p)
             &&
             (a = expression_rule(p))  // expression
             &&
-            (b = _tmp_23_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // [',' expression]
+            (b = _tmp_17_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // [',' expression]
         )
         {
             D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ assert_stmt[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'assert' expression [',' expression]"));
@@ -3559,7 +3337,7 @@ import_from_rule(Parser *p)
         if (
             (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 621))  // token='from'
             &&
-            (a = _loop0_24_rule(p))  // (('.' | '...'))*
+            (a = _loop0_18_rule(p))  // (('.' | '...'))*
             &&
             (b = dotted_name_rule(p))  // dotted_name
             &&
@@ -3603,7 +3381,7 @@ import_from_rule(Parser *p)
         if (
             (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 621))  // token='from'
             &&
-            (a = _loop1_25_rule(p))  // (('.' | '...'))+
+            (a = _loop1_19_rule(p))  // (('.' | '...'))+
             &&
             (_keyword_1 = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 622))  // token='import'
             &&
@@ -3798,7 +3576,7 @@ import_from_as_names_rule(Parser *p)
         D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> import_from_as_names[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "','.import_from_as_name+"));
         asdl_alias_seq* a;
         if (
-            (a = (asdl_alias_seq*)_gather_26_rule(p))  // ','.import_from_as_name+
+            (a = (asdl_alias_seq*)_gather_21_rule(p))  // ','.import_from_as_name+
         )
         {
             D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ import_from_as_names[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "','.import_from_as_name+"));
@@ -3853,7 +3631,7 @@ import_from_as_name_rule(Parser *p)
         if (
             (a = _PyPegen_name_token(p))  // NAME
             &&
-            (b = _tmp_28_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // ['as' NAME]
+            (b = _tmp_22_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // ['as' NAME]
         )
         {
             D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ import_from_as_name[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "NAME ['as' NAME]"));
@@ -3905,7 +3683,7 @@ dotted_as_names_rule(Parser *p)
         D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> dotted_as_names[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "','.dotted_as_name+"));
         asdl_alias_seq* a;
         if (
-            (a = (asdl_alias_seq*)_gather_29_rule(p))  // ','.dotted_as_name+
+            (a = (asdl_alias_seq*)_gather_24_rule(p))  // ','.dotted_as_name+
         )
         {
             D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ dotted_as_names[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "','.dotted_as_name+"));
@@ -3960,7 +3738,7 @@ dotted_as_name_rule(Parser *p)
         if (
             (a = dotted_name_rule(p))  // dotted_name
             &&
-            (b = _tmp_31_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // ['as' NAME]
+            (b = _tmp_22_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // ['as' NAME]
         )
         {
             D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ dotted_as_name[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "dotted_name ['as' NAME]"));
@@ -4211,7 +3989,7 @@ decorators_rule(Parser *p)
         D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> decorators[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "(('@' named_expression NEWLINE))+"));
         asdl_expr_seq* a;
         if (
-            (a = (asdl_expr_seq*)_loop1_32_rule(p))  // (('@' named_expression NEWLINE))+
+            (a = (asdl_expr_seq*)_loop1_25_rule(p))  // (('@' named_expression NEWLINE))+
         )
         {
             D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ decorators[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "(('@' named_expression NEWLINE))+"));
@@ -4354,13 +4132,13 @@ class_def_raw_rule(Parser *p)
         asdl_stmt_seq* c;
         void *t;
         if (
-            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 677))  // token='class'
+            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 685))  // token='class'
             &&
             (a = _PyPegen_name_token(p))  // NAME
             &&
             (t = type_params_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // type_params?
             &&
-            (b = _tmp_33_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // ['(' arguments? ')']
+            (b = _tmp_26_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // ['(' arguments? ')']
             &&
             (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 11))  // token=':'
             &&
@@ -4521,7 +4299,7 @@ function_def_raw_rule(Parser *p)
         void *t;
         void *tc;
         if (
-            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 675))  // token='def'
+            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 683))  // token='def'
             &&
             (n = _PyPegen_name_token(p))  // NAME
             &&
@@ -4533,7 +4311,7 @@ function_def_raw_rule(Parser *p)
             &&
             (_literal_1 = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 8))  // token=')'
             &&
-            (a = _tmp_34_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // ['->' expression]
+            (a = _tmp_27_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // ['->' expression]
             &&
             (_literal_2 = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 11))  // token=':'
             &&
@@ -4582,9 +4360,9 @@ function_def_raw_rule(Parser *p)
         void *t;
         void *tc;
         if (
-            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 674))  // token='async'
+            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 682))  // token='async'
             &&
-            (_keyword_1 = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 675))  // token='def'
+            (_keyword_1 = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 683))  // token='def'
             &&
             (n = _PyPegen_name_token(p))  // NAME
             &&
@@ -4596,7 +4374,7 @@ function_def_raw_rule(Parser *p)
             &&
             (_literal_1 = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 8))  // token=')'
             &&
-            (a = _tmp_35_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // ['->' expression]
+            (a = _tmp_27_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // ['->' expression]
             &&
             (_literal_2 = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 11))  // token=':'
             &&
@@ -4721,9 +4499,9 @@ parameters_rule(Parser *p)
         if (
             (a = slash_no_default_rule(p))  // slash_no_default
             &&
-            (b = (asdl_arg_seq*)_loop0_36_rule(p))  // param_no_default*
+            (b = (asdl_arg_seq*)_loop0_28_rule(p))  // param_no_default*
             &&
-            (c = _loop0_37_rule(p))  // param_with_default*
+            (c = _loop0_29_rule(p))  // param_with_default*
             &&
             (d = star_etc_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // star_etc?
         )
@@ -4753,7 +4531,7 @@ parameters_rule(Parser *p)
         if (
             (a = slash_with_default_rule(p))  // slash_with_default
             &&
-            (b = _loop0_38_rule(p))  // param_with_default*
+            (b = _loop0_29_rule(p))  // param_with_default*
             &&
             (c = star_etc_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // star_etc?
         )
@@ -4781,9 +4559,9 @@ parameters_rule(Parser *p)
         asdl_seq * b;
         void *c;
         if (
-            (a = (asdl_arg_seq*)_loop1_39_rule(p))  // param_no_default+
+            (a = (asdl_arg_seq*)_loop1_30_rule(p))  // param_no_default+
             &&
-            (b = _loop0_40_rule(p))  // param_with_default*
+            (b = _loop0_29_rule(p))  // param_with_default*
             &&
             (c = star_etc_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // star_etc?
         )
@@ -4810,7 +4588,7 @@ parameters_rule(Parser *p)
         asdl_seq * a;
         void *b;
         if (
-            (a = _loop1_41_rule(p))  // param_with_default+
+            (a = _loop1_31_rule(p))  // param_with_default+
             &&
             (b = star_etc_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // star_etc?
         )
@@ -4881,7 +4659,7 @@ slash_no_default_rule(Parser *p)
         Token * _literal_1;
         asdl_arg_seq* a;
         if (
-            (a = (asdl_arg_seq*)_loop1_42_rule(p))  // param_no_default+
+            (a = (asdl_arg_seq*)_loop1_30_rule(p))  // param_no_default+
             &&
             (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 17))  // token='/'
             &&
@@ -4910,7 +4688,7 @@ slash_no_default_rule(Parser *p)
         Token * _literal;
         asdl_arg_seq* a;
         if (
-            (a = (asdl_arg_seq*)_loop1_43_rule(p))  // param_no_default+
+            (a = (asdl_arg_seq*)_loop1_30_rule(p))  // param_no_default+
             &&
             (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 17))  // token='/'
             &&
@@ -4962,9 +4740,9 @@ slash_with_default_rule(Parser *p)
         asdl_seq * a;
         asdl_seq * b;
         if (
-            (a = _loop0_44_rule(p))  // param_no_default*
+            (a = _loop0_28_rule(p))  // param_no_default*
             &&
-            (b = _loop1_45_rule(p))  // param_with_default+
+            (b = _loop1_31_rule(p))  // param_with_default+
             &&
             (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 17))  // token='/'
             &&
@@ -4994,9 +4772,9 @@ slash_with_default_rule(Parser *p)
         asdl_seq * a;
         asdl_seq * b;
         if (
-            (a = _loop0_46_rule(p))  // param_no_default*
+            (a = _loop0_28_rule(p))  // param_no_default*
             &&
-            (b = _loop1_47_rule(p))  // param_with_default+
+            (b = _loop1_31_rule(p))  // param_with_default+
             &&
             (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 17))  // token='/'
             &&
@@ -5074,7 +4852,7 @@ star_etc_rule(Parser *p)
             &&
             (a = param_no_default_rule(p))  // param_no_default
             &&
-            (b = _loop0_48_rule(p))  // param_maybe_default*
+            (b = _loop0_32_rule(p))  // param_maybe_default*
             &&
             (c = kwds_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // kwds?
         )
@@ -5107,7 +4885,7 @@ star_etc_rule(Parser *p)
             &&
             (a = param_no_default_star_annotation_rule(p))  // param_no_default_star_annotation
             &&
-            (b = _loop0_49_rule(p))  // param_maybe_default*
+            (b = _loop0_32_rule(p))  // param_maybe_default*
             &&
             (c = kwds_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // kwds?
         )
@@ -5140,7 +4918,7 @@ star_etc_rule(Parser *p)
             &&
             (_literal_1 = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
             &&
-            (b = _loop1_50_rule(p))  // param_maybe_default+
+            (b = _loop1_33_rule(p))  // param_maybe_default+
             &&
             (c = kwds_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // kwds?
         )
@@ -5922,7 +5700,7 @@ if_stmt_rule(Parser *p)
         asdl_stmt_seq* b;
         stmt_ty c;
         if (
-            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 660))  // token='if'
+            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 668))  // token='if'
             &&
             (a = named_expression_rule(p))  // named_expression
             &&
@@ -5967,7 +5745,7 @@ if_stmt_rule(Parser *p)
         asdl_stmt_seq* b;
         void *c;
         if (
-            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 660))  // token='if'
+            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 668))  // token='if'
             &&
             (a = named_expression_rule(p))  // named_expression
             &&
@@ -6062,7 +5840,7 @@ elif_stmt_rule(Parser *p)
         asdl_stmt_seq* b;
         stmt_ty c;
         if (
-            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 662))  // token='elif'
+            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 670))  // token='elif'
             &&
             (a = named_expression_rule(p))  // named_expression
             &&
@@ -6107,7 +5885,7 @@ elif_stmt_rule(Parser *p)
         asdl_stmt_seq* b;
         void *c;
         if (
-            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 662))  // token='elif'
+            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 670))  // token='elif'
             &&
             (a = named_expression_rule(p))  // named_expression
             &&
@@ -6188,7 +5966,7 @@ else_block_rule(Parser *p)
         Token * _literal;
         asdl_stmt_seq* b;
         if (
-            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 663))  // token='else'
+            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 671))  // token='else'
             &&
             (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_forced_token(p, 11, ":"))  // forced_token=':'
             &&
@@ -6267,7 +6045,7 @@ while_stmt_rule(Parser *p)
         asdl_stmt_seq* b;
         void *c;
         if (
-            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 665))  // token='while'
+            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 673))  // token='while'
             &&
             (a = named_expression_rule(p))  // named_expression
             &&
@@ -6367,11 +6145,11 @@ for_stmt_rule(Parser *p)
         expr_ty t;
         void *tc;
         if (
-            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 670))  // token='for'
+            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 678))  // token='for'
             &&
             (t = star_targets_rule(p))  // star_targets
             &&
-            (_keyword_1 = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 671))  // token='in'
+            (_keyword_1 = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 679))  // token='in'
             &&
             (_cut_var = 1)
             &&
@@ -6429,13 +6207,13 @@ for_stmt_rule(Parser *p)
         expr_ty t;
         void *tc;
         if (
-            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 674))  // token='async'
+            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 682))  // token='async'
             &&
-            (_keyword_1 = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 670))  // token='for'
+            (_keyword_1 = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 678))  // token='for'
             &&
             (t = star_targets_rule(p))  // star_targets
             &&
-            (_keyword_2 = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 671))  // token='in'
+            (_keyword_2 = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 679))  // token='in'
             &&
             (_cut_var = 1)
             &&
@@ -6568,7 +6346,7 @@ with_stmt_rule(Parser *p)
             &&
             (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 7))  // token='('
             &&
-            (a = (asdl_withitem_seq*)_gather_51_rule(p))  // ','.with_item+
+            (a = (asdl_withitem_seq*)_gather_35_rule(p))  // ','.with_item+
             &&
             (_opt_var = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12), !p->error_indicator)  // ','?
             &&
@@ -6617,7 +6395,7 @@ with_stmt_rule(Parser *p)
         if (
             (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 633))  // token='with'
             &&
-            (a = (asdl_withitem_seq*)_gather_53_rule(p))  // ','.with_item+
+            (a = (asdl_withitem_seq*)_gather_35_rule(p))  // ','.with_item+
             &&
             (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 11))  // token=':'
             &&
@@ -6664,13 +6442,13 @@ with_stmt_rule(Parser *p)
         asdl_withitem_seq* a;
         asdl_stmt_seq* b;
         if (
-            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 674))  // token='async'
+            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 682))  // token='async'
             &&
             (_keyword_1 = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 633))  // token='with'
             &&
             (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 7))  // token='('
             &&
-            (a = (asdl_withitem_seq*)_gather_55_rule(p))  // ','.with_item+
+            (a = (asdl_withitem_seq*)_gather_35_rule(p))  // ','.with_item+
             &&
             (_opt_var = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12), !p->error_indicator)  // ','?
             &&
@@ -6716,11 +6494,11 @@ with_stmt_rule(Parser *p)
         asdl_stmt_seq* b;
         void *tc;
         if (
-            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 674))  // token='async'
+            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 682))  // token='async'
             &&
             (_keyword_1 = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 633))  // token='with'
             &&
-            (a = (asdl_withitem_seq*)_gather_57_rule(p))  // ','.with_item+
+            (a = (asdl_withitem_seq*)_gather_35_rule(p))  // ','.with_item+
             &&
             (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 11))  // token=':'
             &&
@@ -6804,11 +6582,11 @@ with_item_rule(Parser *p)
         if (
             (e = expression_rule(p))  // expression
             &&
-            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 658))  // token='as'
+            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 666))  // token='as'
             &&
             (t = star_target_rule(p))  // star_target
             &&
-            _PyPegen_lookahead(1, (void *(*)(Parser *)) _tmp_59_rule, p)
+            _PyPegen_lookahead(1, (void *(*)(Parser *)) _tmp_36_rule, p)
         )
         {
             D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ with_item[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "expression 'as' star_target &(',' | ')' | ':')"));
@@ -6979,7 +6757,7 @@ try_stmt_rule(Parser *p)
             &&
             (b = block_rule(p))  // block
             &&
-            (ex = (asdl_excepthandler_seq*)_loop1_60_rule(p))  // except_block+
+            (ex = (asdl_excepthandler_seq*)_loop1_37_rule(p))  // except_block+
             &&
             (el = else_block_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // else_block?
             &&
@@ -7027,7 +6805,7 @@ try_stmt_rule(Parser *p)
             &&
             (b = block_rule(p))  // block
             &&
-            (ex = (asdl_excepthandler_seq*)_loop1_61_rule(p))  // except_star_block+
+            (ex = (asdl_excepthandler_seq*)_loop1_38_rule(p))  // except_star_block+
             &&
             (el = else_block_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // else_block?
             &&
@@ -7119,11 +6897,11 @@ except_block_rule(Parser *p)
         expr_ty e;
         void *t;
         if (
-            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 655))  // token='except'
+            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 663))  // token='except'
             &&
             (e = expression_rule(p))  // expression
             &&
-            (t = _tmp_62_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // ['as' NAME]
+            (t = _tmp_22_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // ['as' NAME]
             &&
             (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 11))  // token=':'
             &&
@@ -7162,7 +6940,7 @@ except_block_rule(Parser *p)
         Token * _literal;
         asdl_stmt_seq* b;
         if (
-            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 655))  // token='except'
+            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 663))  // token='except'
             &&
             (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 11))  // token=':'
             &&
@@ -7219,7 +6997,7 @@ except_block_rule(Parser *p)
 // except_star_block:
 //     | invalid_except_star_stmt_indent
 //     | 'except' '*' expression ['as' NAME] ':' block
-//     | invalid_except_stmt
+//     | invalid_except_star_stmt
 static excepthandler_ty
 except_star_block_rule(Parser *p)
 {
@@ -7273,13 +7051,13 @@ except_star_block_rule(Parser *p)
         expr_ty e;
         void *t;
         if (
-            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 655))  // token='except'
+            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 663))  // token='except'
             &&
             (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 16))  // token='*'
             &&
             (e = expression_rule(p))  // expression
             &&
-            (t = _tmp_63_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // ['as' NAME]
+            (t = _tmp_22_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // ['as' NAME]
             &&
             (_literal_1 = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 11))  // token=':'
             &&
@@ -7308,24 +7086,24 @@ except_star_block_rule(Parser *p)
         D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s except_star_block[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
                   p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'except' '*' expression ['as' NAME] ':' block"));
     }
-    if (p->call_invalid_rules) { // invalid_except_stmt
+    if (p->call_invalid_rules) { // invalid_except_star_stmt
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> except_star_block[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "invalid_except_stmt"));
-        void *invalid_except_stmt_var;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> except_star_block[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "invalid_except_star_stmt"));
+        void *invalid_except_star_stmt_var;
         if (
-            (invalid_except_stmt_var = invalid_except_stmt_rule(p))  // invalid_except_stmt
+            (invalid_except_star_stmt_var = invalid_except_star_stmt_rule(p))  // invalid_except_star_stmt
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ except_star_block[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "invalid_except_stmt"));
-            _res = invalid_except_stmt_var;
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ except_star_block[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "invalid_except_star_stmt"));
+            _res = invalid_except_star_stmt_var;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
         D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s except_star_block[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "invalid_except_stmt"));
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "invalid_except_star_stmt"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
   done:
@@ -7375,7 +7153,7 @@ finally_block_rule(Parser *p)
         Token * _literal;
         asdl_stmt_seq* a;
         if (
-            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 651))  // token='finally'
+            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 659))  // token='finally'
             &&
             (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_forced_token(p, 11, ":"))  // forced_token=':'
             &&
@@ -7449,7 +7227,7 @@ match_stmt_rule(Parser *p)
             &&
             (indent_var = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, INDENT))  // token='INDENT'
             &&
-            (cases = (asdl_match_case_seq*)_loop1_64_rule(p))  // case_block+
+            (cases = (asdl_match_case_seq*)_loop1_39_rule(p))  // case_block+
             &&
             (dedent_var = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, DEDENT))  // token='DEDENT'
         )
@@ -7683,7 +7461,7 @@ guard_rule(Parser *p)
         Token * _keyword;
         expr_ty guard;
         if (
-            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 660))  // token='if'
+            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 668))  // token='if'
             &&
             (guard = named_expression_rule(p))  // named_expression
         )
@@ -7878,7 +7656,7 @@ as_pattern_rule(Parser *p)
         if (
             (pattern = or_pattern_rule(p))  // or_pattern
             &&
-            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 658))  // token='as'
+            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 666))  // token='as'
             &&
             (target = pattern_capture_target_rule(p))  // pattern_capture_target
         )
@@ -7960,7 +7738,7 @@ or_pattern_rule(Parser *p)
         D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> or_pattern[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'|'.closed_pattern+"));
         asdl_pattern_seq* patterns;
         if (
-            (patterns = (asdl_pattern_seq*)_gather_65_rule(p))  // '|'.closed_pattern+
+            (patterns = (asdl_pattern_seq*)_gather_41_rule(p))  // '|'.closed_pattern+
         )
         {
             D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ or_pattern[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'|'.closed_pattern+"));
@@ -8213,7 +7991,7 @@ literal_pattern_rule(Parser *p)
         if (
             (value = signed_number_rule(p))  // signed_number
             &&
-            _PyPegen_lookahead(0, (void *(*)(Parser *)) _tmp_67_rule, p)
+            _PyPegen_lookahead(0, (void *(*)(Parser *)) _tmp_42_rule, p)
         )
         {
             D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ literal_pattern[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "signed_number !('+' | '-')"));
@@ -8447,7 +8225,7 @@ literal_expr_rule(Parser *p)
         if (
             (signed_number_var = signed_number_rule(p))  // signed_number
             &&
-            _PyPegen_lookahead(0, (void *(*)(Parser *)) _tmp_68_rule, p)
+            _PyPegen_lookahead(0, (void *(*)(Parser *)) _tmp_42_rule, p)
         )
         {
             D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ literal_expr[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "signed_number !('+' | '-')"));
@@ -9047,7 +8825,7 @@ pattern_capture_target_rule(Parser *p)
             &&
             (name = _PyPegen_name_token(p))  // NAME
             &&
-            _PyPegen_lookahead(0, (void *(*)(Parser *)) _tmp_69_rule, p)
+            _PyPegen_lookahead(0, (void *(*)(Parser *)) _tmp_43_rule, p)
         )
         {
             D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ pattern_capture_target[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "!\"_\" NAME !('.' | '(' | '=')"));
@@ -9162,7 +8940,7 @@ value_pattern_rule(Parser *p)
         if (
             (attr = attr_rule(p))  // attr
             &&
-            _PyPegen_lookahead(0, (void *(*)(Parser *)) _tmp_70_rule, p)
+            _PyPegen_lookahead(0, (void *(*)(Parser *)) _tmp_43_rule, p)
         )
         {
             D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ value_pattern[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "attr !('.' | '(' | '=')"));
@@ -9581,7 +9359,7 @@ maybe_sequence_pattern_rule(Parser *p)
         UNUSED(_opt_var); // Silence compiler warnings
         asdl_seq * patterns;
         if (
-            (patterns = _gather_71_rule(p))  // ','.maybe_star_pattern+
+            (patterns = _gather_45_rule(p))  // ','.maybe_star_pattern+
             &&
             (_opt_var = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12), !p->error_indicator)  // ','?
         )
@@ -9989,13 +9767,13 @@ items_pattern_rule(Parser *p)
             return NULL;
         }
         D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> items_pattern[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "','.key_value_pattern+"));
-        asdl_seq * _gather_73_var;
+        asdl_seq * _gather_47_var;
         if (
-            (_gather_73_var = _gather_73_rule(p))  // ','.key_value_pattern+
+            (_gather_47_var = _gather_47_rule(p))  // ','.key_value_pattern+
         )
         {
             D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ items_pattern[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "','.key_value_pattern+"));
-            _res = _gather_73_var;
+            _res = _gather_47_var;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
@@ -10031,7 +9809,7 @@ key_value_pattern_rule(Parser *p)
         void *key;
         pattern_ty pattern;
         if (
-            (key = _tmp_75_rule(p))  // literal_expr | attr
+            (key = _tmp_48_rule(p))  // literal_expr | attr
             &&
             (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 11))  // token=':'
             &&
@@ -10359,7 +10137,7 @@ positional_patterns_rule(Parser *p)
         D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> positional_patterns[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "','.pattern+"));
         asdl_pattern_seq* args;
         if (
-            (args = (asdl_pattern_seq*)_gather_76_rule(p))  // ','.pattern+
+            (args = (asdl_pattern_seq*)_gather_50_rule(p))  // ','.pattern+
         )
         {
             D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ positional_patterns[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "','.pattern+"));
@@ -10400,13 +10178,13 @@ keyword_patterns_rule(Parser *p)
             return NULL;
         }
         D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> keyword_patterns[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "','.keyword_pattern+"));
-        asdl_seq * _gather_78_var;
+        asdl_seq * _gather_52_var;
         if (
-            (_gather_78_var = _gather_78_rule(p))  // ','.keyword_pattern+
+            (_gather_52_var = _gather_52_rule(p))  // ','.keyword_pattern+
         )
         {
             D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ keyword_patterns[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "','.keyword_pattern+"));
-            _res = _gather_78_var;
+            _res = _gather_52_var;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
@@ -10632,7 +10410,7 @@ type_param_seq_rule(Parser *p)
         UNUSED(_opt_var); // Silence compiler warnings
         asdl_type_param_seq* a;
         if (
-            (a = (asdl_type_param_seq*)_gather_80_rule(p))  // ','.type_param+
+            (a = (asdl_type_param_seq*)_gather_54_rule(p))  // ','.type_param+
             &&
             (_opt_var = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12), !p->error_indicator)  // ','?
         )
@@ -11002,7 +10780,7 @@ expressions_rule(Parser *p)
         if (
             (a = expression_rule(p))  // expression
             &&
-            (b = _loop1_82_rule(p))  // ((',' expression))+
+            (b = _loop1_55_rule(p))  // ((',' expression))+
             &&
             (_opt_var = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12), !p->error_indicator)  // ','?
         )
@@ -11173,11 +10951,11 @@ expression_rule(Parser *p)
         if (
             (a = disjunction_rule(p))  // disjunction
             &&
-            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 660))  // token='if'
+            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 668))  // token='if'
             &&
             (b = disjunction_rule(p))  // disjunction
             &&
-            (_keyword_1 = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 663))  // token='else'
+            (_keyword_1 = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 671))  // token='else'
             &&
             (c = expression_rule(p))  // expression
         )
@@ -11390,7 +11168,7 @@ star_expressions_rule(Parser *p)
         if (
             (a = star_expression_rule(p))  // star_expression
             &&
-            (b = _loop1_83_rule(p))  // ((',' star_expression))+
+            (b = _loop1_56_rule(p))  // ((',' star_expression))+
             &&
             (_opt_var = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12), !p->error_indicator)  // ','?
         )
@@ -11589,7 +11367,7 @@ star_named_expressions_rule(Parser *p)
         UNUSED(_opt_var); // Silence compiler warnings
         asdl_expr_seq* a;
         if (
-            (a = (asdl_expr_seq*)_gather_84_rule(p))  // ','.star_named_expression+
+            (a = (asdl_expr_seq*)_gather_58_rule(p))  // ','.star_named_expression+
             &&
             (_opt_var = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12), !p->error_indicator)  // ','?
         )
@@ -11885,7 +11663,7 @@ disjunction_rule(Parser *p)
         if (
             (a = conjunction_rule(p))  // conjunction
             &&
-            (b = _loop1_86_rule(p))  // (('or' conjunction))+
+            (b = _loop1_59_rule(p))  // (('or' conjunction))+
         )
         {
             D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ disjunction[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "conjunction (('or' conjunction))+"));
@@ -11973,7 +11751,7 @@ conjunction_rule(Parser *p)
         if (
             (a = inversion_rule(p))  // inversion
             &&
-            (b = _loop1_87_rule(p))  // (('and' inversion))+
+            (b = _loop1_60_rule(p))  // (('and' inversion))+
         )
         {
             D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ conjunction[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "inversion (('and' inversion))+"));
@@ -12059,7 +11837,7 @@ inversion_rule(Parser *p)
         Token * _keyword;
         expr_ty a;
         if (
-            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 679))  // token='not'
+            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 687))  // token='not'
             &&
             (a = inversion_rule(p))  // inversion
         )
@@ -12145,7 +11923,7 @@ comparison_rule(Parser *p)
         if (
             (a = bitwise_or_rule(p))  // bitwise_or
             &&
-            (b = _loop1_88_rule(p))  // compare_op_bitwise_or_pair+
+            (b = _loop1_61_rule(p))  // compare_op_bitwise_or_pair+
         )
         {
             D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ comparison[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "bitwise_or compare_op_bitwise_or_pair+"));
@@ -12479,10 +12257,10 @@ noteq_bitwise_or_rule(Parser *p)
             return NULL;
         }
         D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> noteq_bitwise_or[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "('!=') bitwise_or"));
-        void *_tmp_89_var;
+        void *_tmp_62_var;
         expr_ty a;
         if (
-            (_tmp_89_var = _tmp_89_rule(p))  // '!='
+            (_tmp_62_var = _tmp_62_rule(p))  // '!='
             &&
             (a = bitwise_or_rule(p))  // bitwise_or
         )
@@ -12713,9 +12491,9 @@ notin_bitwise_or_rule(Parser *p)
         Token * _keyword_1;
         expr_ty a;
         if (
-            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 679))  // token='not'
+            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 687))  // token='not'
             &&
-            (_keyword_1 = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 671))  // token='in'
+            (_keyword_1 = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 679))  // token='in'
             &&
             (a = bitwise_or_rule(p))  // bitwise_or
         )
@@ -12761,7 +12539,7 @@ in_bitwise_or_rule(Parser *p)
         Token * _keyword;
         expr_ty a;
         if (
-            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 671))  // token='in'
+            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 679))  // token='in'
             &&
             (a = bitwise_or_rule(p))  // bitwise_or
         )
@@ -12810,7 +12588,7 @@ isnot_bitwise_or_rule(Parser *p)
         if (
             (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 589))  // token='is'
             &&
-            (_keyword_1 = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 679))  // token='not'
+            (_keyword_1 = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 687))  // token='not'
             &&
             (a = bitwise_or_rule(p))  // bitwise_or
         )
@@ -14530,7 +14308,7 @@ slices_rule(Parser *p)
         UNUSED(_opt_var); // Silence compiler warnings
         asdl_expr_seq* a;
         if (
-            (a = (asdl_expr_seq*)_gather_90_rule(p))  // ','.(slice | starred_expression)+
+            (a = (asdl_expr_seq*)_gather_64_rule(p))  // ','.(slice | starred_expression)+
             &&
             (_opt_var = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12), !p->error_indicator)  // ','?
         )
@@ -14602,7 +14380,7 @@ slice_rule(Parser *p)
             &&
             (b = expression_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // expression?
             &&
-            (c = _tmp_92_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // [':' expression?]
+            (c = _tmp_65_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // [':' expression?]
         )
         {
             D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ slice[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "expression? ':' expression? [':' expression?]"));
@@ -14815,7 +14593,7 @@ atom_rule(Parser *p)
         D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> atom[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "&(STRING | FSTRING_START) strings"));
         expr_ty strings_var;
         if (
-            _PyPegen_lookahead(1, (void *(*)(Parser *)) _tmp_93_rule, p)
+            _PyPegen_lookahead(1, (void *(*)(Parser *)) _tmp_66_rule, p)
             &&
             (strings_var = strings_rule(p))  // strings
         )
@@ -14853,15 +14631,15 @@ atom_rule(Parser *p)
             return NULL;
         }
         D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> atom[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "&'(' (tuple | group | genexp)"));
-        void *_tmp_94_var;
+        void *_tmp_67_var;
         if (
             _PyPegen_lookahead_with_int(1, _PyPegen_expect_token, p, 7)  // token='('
             &&
-            (_tmp_94_var = _tmp_94_rule(p))  // tuple | group | genexp
+            (_tmp_67_var = _tmp_67_rule(p))  // tuple | group | genexp
         )
         {
             D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ atom[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "&'(' (tuple | group | genexp)"));
-            _res = _tmp_94_var;
+            _res = _tmp_67_var;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
@@ -14874,15 +14652,15 @@ atom_rule(Parser *p)
             return NULL;
         }
         D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> atom[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "&'[' (list | listcomp)"));
-        void *_tmp_95_var;
+        void *_tmp_68_var;
         if (
             _PyPegen_lookahead_with_int(1, _PyPegen_expect_token, p, 9)  // token='['
             &&
-            (_tmp_95_var = _tmp_95_rule(p))  // list | listcomp
+            (_tmp_68_var = _tmp_68_rule(p))  // list | listcomp
         )
         {
             D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ atom[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "&'[' (list | listcomp)"));
-            _res = _tmp_95_var;
+            _res = _tmp_68_var;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
@@ -14895,15 +14673,15 @@ atom_rule(Parser *p)
             return NULL;
         }
         D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> atom[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "&'{' (dict | set | dictcomp | setcomp)"));
-        void *_tmp_96_var;
+        void *_tmp_69_var;
         if (
             _PyPegen_lookahead_with_int(1, _PyPegen_expect_token, p, 25)  // token='{'
             &&
-            (_tmp_96_var = _tmp_96_rule(p))  // dict | set | dictcomp | setcomp
+            (_tmp_69_var = _tmp_69_rule(p))  // dict | set | dictcomp | setcomp
         )
         {
             D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ atom[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "&'{' (dict | set | dictcomp | setcomp)"));
-            _res = _tmp_96_var;
+            _res = _tmp_69_var;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
@@ -14974,7 +14752,7 @@ group_rule(Parser *p)
         if (
             (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 7))  // token='('
             &&
-            (a = _tmp_97_rule(p))  // yield_expr | named_expression
+            (a = _tmp_70_rule(p))  // yield_expr | named_expression
             &&
             (_literal_1 = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 8))  // token=')'
         )
@@ -15175,9 +14953,9 @@ lambda_parameters_rule(Parser *p)
         if (
             (a = lambda_slash_no_default_rule(p))  // lambda_slash_no_default
             &&
-            (b = (asdl_arg_seq*)_loop0_98_rule(p))  // lambda_param_no_default*
+            (b = (asdl_arg_seq*)_loop0_71_rule(p))  // lambda_param_no_default*
             &&
-            (c = _loop0_99_rule(p))  // lambda_param_with_default*
+            (c = _loop0_72_rule(p))  // lambda_param_with_default*
             &&
             (d = lambda_star_etc_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // lambda_star_etc?
         )
@@ -15207,7 +14985,7 @@ lambda_parameters_rule(Parser *p)
         if (
             (a = lambda_slash_with_default_rule(p))  // lambda_slash_with_default
             &&
-            (b = _loop0_100_rule(p))  // lambda_param_with_default*
+            (b = _loop0_72_rule(p))  // lambda_param_with_default*
             &&
             (c = lambda_star_etc_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // lambda_star_etc?
         )
@@ -15235,9 +15013,9 @@ lambda_parameters_rule(Parser *p)
         asdl_seq * b;
         void *c;
         if (
-            (a = (asdl_arg_seq*)_loop1_101_rule(p))  // lambda_param_no_default+
+            (a = (asdl_arg_seq*)_loop1_73_rule(p))  // lambda_param_no_default+
             &&
-            (b = _loop0_102_rule(p))  // lambda_param_with_default*
+            (b = _loop0_72_rule(p))  // lambda_param_with_default*
             &&
             (c = lambda_star_etc_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // lambda_star_etc?
         )
@@ -15264,7 +15042,7 @@ lambda_parameters_rule(Parser *p)
         asdl_seq * a;
         void *b;
         if (
-            (a = _loop1_103_rule(p))  // lambda_param_with_default+
+            (a = _loop1_74_rule(p))  // lambda_param_with_default+
             &&
             (b = lambda_star_etc_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // lambda_star_etc?
         )
@@ -15337,7 +15115,7 @@ lambda_slash_no_default_rule(Parser *p)
         Token * _literal_1;
         asdl_arg_seq* a;
         if (
-            (a = (asdl_arg_seq*)_loop1_104_rule(p))  // lambda_param_no_default+
+            (a = (asdl_arg_seq*)_loop1_73_rule(p))  // lambda_param_no_default+
             &&
             (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 17))  // token='/'
             &&
@@ -15366,7 +15144,7 @@ lambda_slash_no_default_rule(Parser *p)
         Token * _literal;
         asdl_arg_seq* a;
         if (
-            (a = (asdl_arg_seq*)_loop1_105_rule(p))  // lambda_param_no_default+
+            (a = (asdl_arg_seq*)_loop1_73_rule(p))  // lambda_param_no_default+
             &&
             (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 17))  // token='/'
             &&
@@ -15418,9 +15196,9 @@ lambda_slash_with_default_rule(Parser *p)
         asdl_seq * a;
         asdl_seq * b;
         if (
-            (a = _loop0_106_rule(p))  // lambda_param_no_default*
+            (a = _loop0_71_rule(p))  // lambda_param_no_default*
             &&
-            (b = _loop1_107_rule(p))  // lambda_param_with_default+
+            (b = _loop1_74_rule(p))  // lambda_param_with_default+
             &&
             (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 17))  // token='/'
             &&
@@ -15450,9 +15228,9 @@ lambda_slash_with_default_rule(Parser *p)
         asdl_seq * a;
         asdl_seq * b;
         if (
-            (a = _loop0_108_rule(p))  // lambda_param_no_default*
+            (a = _loop0_71_rule(p))  // lambda_param_no_default*
             &&
-            (b = _loop1_109_rule(p))  // lambda_param_with_default+
+            (b = _loop1_74_rule(p))  // lambda_param_with_default+
             &&
             (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 17))  // token='/'
             &&
@@ -15529,7 +15307,7 @@ lambda_star_etc_rule(Parser *p)
             &&
             (a = lambda_param_no_default_rule(p))  // lambda_param_no_default
             &&
-            (b = _loop0_110_rule(p))  // lambda_param_maybe_default*
+            (b = _loop0_75_rule(p))  // lambda_param_maybe_default*
             &&
             (c = lambda_kwds_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // lambda_kwds?
         )
@@ -15562,7 +15340,7 @@ lambda_star_etc_rule(Parser *p)
             &&
             (_literal_1 = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
             &&
-            (b = _loop1_111_rule(p))  // lambda_param_maybe_default+
+            (b = _loop1_76_rule(p))  // lambda_param_maybe_default+
             &&
             (c = lambda_kwds_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // lambda_kwds?
         )
@@ -16202,7 +15980,7 @@ fstring_full_format_spec_rule(Parser *p)
         if (
             (colon = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 11))  // token=':'
             &&
-            (spec = _loop0_112_rule(p))  // fstring_format_spec*
+            (spec = _loop0_77_rule(p))  // fstring_format_spec*
         )
         {
             D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ fstring_full_format_spec[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "':' fstring_format_spec*"));
@@ -16320,7 +16098,7 @@ fstring_rule(Parser *p)
         if (
             (a = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, FSTRING_START))  // token='FSTRING_START'
             &&
-            (b = _loop0_113_rule(p))  // fstring_middle*
+            (b = _loop0_78_rule(p))  // fstring_middle*
             &&
             (c = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, FSTRING_END))  // token='FSTRING_END'
         )
@@ -16421,7 +16199,7 @@ strings_rule(Parser *p)
         D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> strings[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "((fstring | string))+"));
         asdl_expr_seq* a;
         if (
-            (a = (asdl_expr_seq*)_loop1_114_rule(p))  // ((fstring | string))+
+            (a = (asdl_expr_seq*)_loop1_79_rule(p))  // ((fstring | string))+
         )
         {
             D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ strings[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "((fstring | string))+"));
@@ -16554,7 +16332,7 @@ tuple_rule(Parser *p)
         if (
             (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 7))  // token='('
             &&
-            (a = _tmp_115_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // [star_named_expression ',' star_named_expressions?]
+            (a = _tmp_80_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // [star_named_expression ',' star_named_expressions?]
             &&
             (_literal_1 = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 8))  // token=')'
         )
@@ -16769,7 +16547,7 @@ double_starred_kvpairs_rule(Parser *p)
         UNUSED(_opt_var); // Silence compiler warnings
         asdl_seq * a;
         if (
-            (a = _gather_116_rule(p))  // ','.double_starred_kvpair+
+            (a = _gather_82_rule(p))  // ','.double_starred_kvpair+
             &&
             (_opt_var = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12), !p->error_indicator)  // ','?
         )
@@ -16928,7 +16706,7 @@ for_if_clauses_rule(Parser *p)
         D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> for_if_clauses[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "for_if_clause+"));
         asdl_comprehension_seq* a;
         if (
-            (a = (asdl_comprehension_seq*)_loop1_118_rule(p))  // for_if_clause+
+            (a = (asdl_comprehension_seq*)_loop1_83_rule(p))  // for_if_clause+
         )
         {
             D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ for_if_clauses[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "for_if_clause+"));
@@ -16981,19 +16759,19 @@ for_if_clause_rule(Parser *p)
         expr_ty b;
         asdl_expr_seq* c;
         if (
-            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 674))  // token='async'
+            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 682))  // token='async'
             &&
-            (_keyword_1 = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 670))  // token='for'
+            (_keyword_1 = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 678))  // token='for'
             &&
             (a = star_targets_rule(p))  // star_targets
             &&
-            (_keyword_2 = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 671))  // token='in'
+            (_keyword_2 = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 679))  // token='in'
             &&
             (_cut_var = 1)
             &&
             (b = disjunction_rule(p))  // disjunction
             &&
-            (c = (asdl_expr_seq*)_loop0_119_rule(p))  // (('if' disjunction))*
+            (c = (asdl_expr_seq*)_loop0_84_rule(p))  // (('if' disjunction))*
         )
         {
             D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ for_if_clause[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'async' 'for' star_targets 'in' ~ disjunction (('if' disjunction))*"));
@@ -17026,17 +16804,17 @@ for_if_clause_rule(Parser *p)
         expr_ty b;
         asdl_expr_seq* c;
         if (
-            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 670))  // token='for'
+            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 678))  // token='for'
             &&
             (a = star_targets_rule(p))  // star_targets
             &&
-            (_keyword_1 = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 671))  // token='in'
+            (_keyword_1 = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 679))  // token='in'
             &&
             (_cut_var = 1)
             &&
             (b = disjunction_rule(p))  // disjunction
             &&
-            (c = (asdl_expr_seq*)_loop0_120_rule(p))  // (('if' disjunction))*
+            (c = (asdl_expr_seq*)_loop0_84_rule(p))  // (('if' disjunction))*
         )
         {
             D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ for_if_clause[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'for' star_targets 'in' ~ disjunction (('if' disjunction))*"));
@@ -17315,7 +17093,7 @@ genexp_rule(Parser *p)
         if (
             (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 7))  // token='('
             &&
-            (a = _tmp_121_rule(p))  // assignment_expression | expression !':='
+            (a = _tmp_85_rule(p))  // assignment_expression | expression !':='
             &&
             (b = for_if_clauses_rule(p))  // for_if_clauses
             &&
@@ -17564,9 +17342,9 @@ args_rule(Parser *p)
         asdl_expr_seq* a;
         void *b;
         if (
-            (a = (asdl_expr_seq*)_gather_122_rule(p))  // ','.(starred_expression | (assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'=')+
+            (a = (asdl_expr_seq*)_gather_87_rule(p))  // ','.(starred_expression | (assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'=')+
             &&
-            (b = _tmp_124_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // [',' kwargs]
+            (b = _tmp_88_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // [',' kwargs]
         )
         {
             D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ args[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "','.(starred_expression | (assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'=')+ [',' kwargs]"));
@@ -17656,11 +17434,11 @@ kwargs_rule(Parser *p)
         asdl_seq * a;
         asdl_seq * b;
         if (
-            (a = _gather_125_rule(p))  // ','.kwarg_or_starred+
+            (a = _gather_90_rule(p))  // ','.kwarg_or_starred+
             &&
             (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
             &&
-            (b = _gather_127_rule(p))  // ','.kwarg_or_double_starred+
+            (b = _gather_92_rule(p))  // ','.kwarg_or_double_starred+
         )
         {
             D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ kwargs[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "','.kwarg_or_starred+ ',' ','.kwarg_or_double_starred+"));
@@ -17682,13 +17460,13 @@ kwargs_rule(Parser *p)
             return NULL;
         }
         D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> kwargs[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "','.kwarg_or_starred+"));
-        asdl_seq * _gather_129_var;
+        asdl_seq * _gather_90_var;
         if (
-            (_gather_129_var = _gather_129_rule(p))  // ','.kwarg_or_starred+
+            (_gather_90_var = _gather_90_rule(p))  // ','.kwarg_or_starred+
         )
         {
             D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ kwargs[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "','.kwarg_or_starred+"));
-            _res = _gather_129_var;
+            _res = _gather_90_var;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
@@ -17701,13 +17479,13 @@ kwargs_rule(Parser *p)
             return NULL;
         }
         D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> kwargs[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "','.kwarg_or_double_starred+"));
-        asdl_seq * _gather_131_var;
+        asdl_seq * _gather_92_var;
         if (
-            (_gather_131_var = _gather_131_rule(p))  // ','.kwarg_or_double_starred+
+            (_gather_92_var = _gather_92_rule(p))  // ','.kwarg_or_double_starred+
         )
         {
             D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ kwargs[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "','.kwarg_or_double_starred+"));
-            _res = _gather_131_var;
+            _res = _gather_92_var;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
@@ -18118,7 +17896,7 @@ star_targets_rule(Parser *p)
         if (
             (a = star_target_rule(p))  // star_target
             &&
-            (b = _loop0_133_rule(p))  // ((',' star_target))*
+            (b = _loop0_93_rule(p))  // ((',' star_target))*
             &&
             (_opt_var = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12), !p->error_indicator)  // ','?
         )
@@ -18174,7 +17952,7 @@ star_targets_list_seq_rule(Parser *p)
         UNUSED(_opt_var); // Silence compiler warnings
         asdl_expr_seq* a;
         if (
-            (a = (asdl_expr_seq*)_gather_134_rule(p))  // ','.star_target+
+            (a = (asdl_expr_seq*)_gather_95_rule(p))  // ','.star_target+
             &&
             (_opt_var = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12), !p->error_indicator)  // ','?
         )
@@ -18224,7 +18002,7 @@ star_targets_tuple_seq_rule(Parser *p)
         if (
             (a = star_target_rule(p))  // star_target
             &&
-            (b = _loop1_136_rule(p))  // ((',' star_target))+
+            (b = _loop1_96_rule(p))  // ((',' star_target))+
             &&
             (_opt_var = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12), !p->error_indicator)  // ','?
         )
@@ -18312,7 +18090,7 @@ star_target_rule(Parser *p)
         if (
             (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 16))  // token='*'
             &&
-            (a = _tmp_137_rule(p))  // !'*' star_target
+            (a = _tmp_97_rule(p))  // !'*' star_target
         )
         {
             D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ star_target[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'*' (!'*' star_target)"));
@@ -19235,7 +19013,7 @@ del_targets_rule(Parser *p)
         UNUSED(_opt_var); // Silence compiler warnings
         asdl_expr_seq* a;
         if (
-            (a = (asdl_expr_seq*)_gather_138_rule(p))  // ','.del_target+
+            (a = (asdl_expr_seq*)_gather_99_rule(p))  // ','.del_target+
             &&
             (_opt_var = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12), !p->error_indicator)  // ','?
         )
@@ -19593,7 +19371,7 @@ type_expressions_rule(Parser *p)
         expr_ty b;
         expr_ty c;
         if (
-            (a = _gather_140_rule(p))  // ','.expression+
+            (a = _gather_101_rule(p))  // ','.expression+
             &&
             (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
             &&
@@ -19632,7 +19410,7 @@ type_expressions_rule(Parser *p)
         asdl_seq * a;
         expr_ty b;
         if (
-            (a = _gather_142_rule(p))  // ','.expression+
+            (a = _gather_101_rule(p))  // ','.expression+
             &&
             (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
             &&
@@ -19665,7 +19443,7 @@ type_expressions_rule(Parser *p)
         asdl_seq * a;
         expr_ty b;
         if (
-            (a = _gather_144_rule(p))  // ','.expression+
+            (a = _gather_101_rule(p))  // ','.expression+
             &&
             (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
             &&
@@ -19785,7 +19563,7 @@ type_expressions_rule(Parser *p)
         D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> type_expressions[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "','.expression+"));
         asdl_expr_seq* a;
         if (
-            (a = (asdl_expr_seq*)_gather_146_rule(p))  // ','.expression+
+            (a = (asdl_expr_seq*)_gather_101_rule(p))  // ','.expression+
         )
         {
             D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ type_expressions[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "','.expression+"));
@@ -19836,7 +19614,7 @@ func_type_comment_rule(Parser *p)
             &&
             (t = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, TYPE_COMMENT))  // token='TYPE_COMMENT'
             &&
-            _PyPegen_lookahead(1, (void *(*)(Parser *)) _tmp_148_rule, p)
+            _PyPegen_lookahead(1, (void *(*)(Parser *)) _tmp_102_rule, p)
         )
         {
             D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ func_type_comment[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "NEWLINE TYPE_COMMENT &(NEWLINE INDENT)"));
@@ -19922,15 +19700,15 @@ invalid_arguments_rule(Parser *p)
             return NULL;
         }
         D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> invalid_arguments[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "((','.(starred_expression | (assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'=')+ ',' kwargs) | kwargs) ',' ','.(starred_expression !'=')+"));
-        asdl_seq * _gather_150_var;
-        void *_tmp_149_var;
+        asdl_seq * _gather_105_var;
+        void *_tmp_103_var;
         Token * a;
         if (
-            (_tmp_149_var = _tmp_149_rule(p))  // (','.(starred_expression | (assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'=')+ ',' kwargs) | kwargs
+            (_tmp_103_var = _tmp_103_rule(p))  // (','.(starred_expression | (assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'=')+ ',' kwargs) | kwargs
             &&
             (a = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
             &&
-            (_gather_150_var = _gather_150_rule(p))  // ','.(starred_expression !'=')+
+            (_gather_105_var = _gather_105_rule(p))  // ','.(starred_expression !'=')+
         )
         {
             D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ invalid_arguments[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "((','.(starred_expression | (assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'=')+ ',' kwargs) | kwargs) ',' ','.(starred_expression !'=')+"));
@@ -19964,7 +19742,7 @@ invalid_arguments_rule(Parser *p)
             &&
             (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
             &&
-            (_opt_var = _tmp_152_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // [args | expression for_if_clauses]
+            (_opt_var = _tmp_106_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // [args | expression for_if_clauses]
         )
         {
             D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ invalid_arguments[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "expression for_if_clauses ',' [args | expression for_if_clauses]"));
@@ -20024,13 +19802,13 @@ invalid_arguments_rule(Parser *p)
         expr_ty a;
         Token * b;
         if (
-            (_opt_var = _tmp_153_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // [(args ',')]
+            (_opt_var = _tmp_107_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // [(args ',')]
             &&
             (a = _PyPegen_name_token(p))  // NAME
             &&
             (b = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 22))  // token='='
             &&
-            _PyPegen_lookahead(1, (void *(*)(Parser *)) _tmp_154_rule, p)
+            _PyPegen_lookahead(1, (void *(*)(Parser *)) _tmp_108_rule, p)
         )
         {
             D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ invalid_arguments[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "[(args ',')] NAME '=' &(',' | ')')"));
@@ -20168,7 +19946,7 @@ invalid_kwarg_rule(Parser *p)
         Token* a;
         Token * b;
         if (
-            (a = (Token*)_tmp_155_rule(p))  // 'True' | 'False' | 'None'
+            (a = (Token*)_tmp_109_rule(p))  // 'True' | 'False' | 'None'
             &&
             (b = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 22))  // token='='
         )
@@ -20228,7 +20006,7 @@ invalid_kwarg_rule(Parser *p)
         expr_ty a;
         Token * b;
         if (
-            _PyPegen_lookahead(0, (void *(*)(Parser *)) _tmp_156_rule, p)
+            _PyPegen_lookahead(0, (void *(*)(Parser *)) _tmp_110_rule, p)
             &&
             (a = expression_rule(p))  // expression
             &&
@@ -20331,11 +20109,11 @@ expression_without_invalid_rule(Parser *p)
         if (
             (a = disjunction_rule(p))  // disjunction
             &&
-            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 660))  // token='if'
+            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 668))  // token='if'
             &&
             (b = disjunction_rule(p))  // disjunction
             &&
-            (_keyword_1 = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 663))  // token='else'
+            (_keyword_1 = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 671))  // token='else'
             &&
             (c = expression_rule(p))  // expression
         )
@@ -20569,7 +20347,7 @@ invalid_expression_rule(Parser *p)
         expr_ty a;
         expr_ty b;
         if (
-            _PyPegen_lookahead(0, (void *(*)(Parser *)) _tmp_157_rule, p)
+            _PyPegen_lookahead(0, (void *(*)(Parser *)) _tmp_111_rule, p)
             &&
             (a = disjunction_rule(p))  // disjunction
             &&
@@ -20601,11 +20379,11 @@ invalid_expression_rule(Parser *p)
         if (
             (a = disjunction_rule(p))  // disjunction
             &&
-            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 660))  // token='if'
+            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 668))  // token='if'
             &&
             (b = disjunction_rule(p))  // disjunction
             &&
-            _PyPegen_lookahead(0, (void *(*)(Parser *)) _tmp_158_rule, p)
+            _PyPegen_lookahead(0, (void *(*)(Parser *)) _tmp_112_rule, p)
         )
         {
             D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ invalid_expression[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "disjunction 'if' disjunction !('else' | ':')"));
@@ -20726,7 +20504,7 @@ invalid_named_expression_rule(Parser *p)
             &&
             (b = bitwise_or_rule(p))  // bitwise_or
             &&
-            _PyPegen_lookahead(0, (void *(*)(Parser *)) _tmp_159_rule, p)
+            _PyPegen_lookahead(0, (void *(*)(Parser *)) _tmp_113_rule, p)
         )
         {
             D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ invalid_named_expression[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "NAME '=' bitwise_or !('=' | ':=')"));
@@ -20752,7 +20530,7 @@ invalid_named_expression_rule(Parser *p)
         Token * b;
         expr_ty bitwise_or_var;
         if (
-            _PyPegen_lookahead(0, (void *(*)(Parser *)) _tmp_160_rule, p)
+            _PyPegen_lookahead(0, (void *(*)(Parser *)) _tmp_114_rule, p)
             &&
             (a = bitwise_or_rule(p))  // bitwise_or
             &&
@@ -20760,7 +20538,7 @@ invalid_named_expression_rule(Parser *p)
             &&
             (bitwise_or_var = bitwise_or_rule(p))  // bitwise_or
             &&
-            _PyPegen_lookahead(0, (void *(*)(Parser *)) _tmp_161_rule, p)
+            _PyPegen_lookahead(0, (void *(*)(Parser *)) _tmp_113_rule, p)
         )
         {
             D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ invalid_named_expression[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "!(list | tuple | genexp | 'True' | 'None' | 'False') bitwise_or '=' bitwise_or !('=' | ':=')"));
@@ -20840,7 +20618,7 @@ invalid_assignment_rule(Parser *p)
         D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> invalid_assignment[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "star_named_expression ',' star_named_expressions* ':' expression"));
         Token * _literal;
         Token * _literal_1;
-        asdl_seq * _loop0_162_var;
+        asdl_seq * _loop0_115_var;
         expr_ty a;
         expr_ty expression_var;
         if (
@@ -20848,7 +20626,7 @@ invalid_assignment_rule(Parser *p)
             &&
             (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
             &&
-            (_loop0_162_var = _loop0_162_rule(p))  // star_named_expressions*
+            (_loop0_115_var = _loop0_115_rule(p))  // star_named_expressions*
             &&
             (_literal_1 = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 11))  // token=':'
             &&
@@ -20905,10 +20683,10 @@ invalid_assignment_rule(Parser *p)
         }
         D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> invalid_assignment[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "((star_targets '='))* star_expressions '='"));
         Token * _literal;
-        asdl_seq * _loop0_163_var;
+        asdl_seq * _loop0_116_var;
         expr_ty a;
         if (
-            (_loop0_163_var = _loop0_163_rule(p))  // ((star_targets '='))*
+            (_loop0_116_var = _loop0_116_rule(p))  // ((star_targets '='))*
             &&
             (a = star_expressions_rule(p))  // star_expressions
             &&
@@ -20935,10 +20713,10 @@ invalid_assignment_rule(Parser *p)
         }
         D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> invalid_assignment[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "((star_targets '='))* yield_expr '='"));
         Token * _literal;
-        asdl_seq * _loop0_164_var;
+        asdl_seq * _loop0_116_var;
         expr_ty a;
         if (
-            (_loop0_164_var = _loop0_164_rule(p))  // ((star_targets '='))*
+            (_loop0_116_var = _loop0_116_rule(p))  // ((star_targets '='))*
             &&
             (a = yield_expr_rule(p))  // yield_expr
             &&
@@ -21194,11 +20972,11 @@ invalid_comprehension_rule(Parser *p)
             return NULL;
         }
         D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> invalid_comprehension[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "('[' | '(' | '{') starred_expression for_if_clauses"));
-        void *_tmp_165_var;
+        void *_tmp_117_var;
         expr_ty a;
         asdl_comprehension_seq* for_if_clauses_var;
         if (
-            (_tmp_165_var = _tmp_165_rule(p))  // '[' | '(' | '{'
+            (_tmp_117_var = _tmp_117_rule(p))  // '[' | '(' | '{'
             &&
             (a = starred_expression_rule(p))  // starred_expression
             &&
@@ -21225,12 +21003,12 @@ invalid_comprehension_rule(Parser *p)
         }
         D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> invalid_comprehension[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "('[' | '{') star_named_expression ',' star_named_expressions for_if_clauses"));
         Token * _literal;
-        void *_tmp_166_var;
+        void *_tmp_118_var;
         expr_ty a;
         asdl_expr_seq* b;
         asdl_comprehension_seq* for_if_clauses_var;
         if (
-            (_tmp_166_var = _tmp_166_rule(p))  // '[' | '{'
+            (_tmp_118_var = _tmp_118_rule(p))  // '[' | '{'
             &&
             (a = star_named_expression_rule(p))  // star_named_expression
             &&
@@ -21260,12 +21038,12 @@ invalid_comprehension_rule(Parser *p)
             return NULL;
         }
         D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> invalid_comprehension[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "('[' | '{') star_named_expression ',' for_if_clauses"));
-        void *_tmp_167_var;
+        void *_tmp_118_var;
         expr_ty a;
         Token * b;
         asdl_comprehension_seq* for_if_clauses_var;
         if (
-            (_tmp_167_var = _tmp_167_rule(p))  // '[' | '{'
+            (_tmp_118_var = _tmp_118_rule(p))  // '[' | '{'
             &&
             (a = star_named_expression_rule(p))  // star_named_expression
             &&
@@ -21400,13 +21178,13 @@ invalid_parameters_rule(Parser *p)
             return NULL;
         }
         D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> invalid_parameters[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "(slash_no_default | slash_with_default) param_maybe_default* '/'"));
-        asdl_seq * _loop0_169_var;
-        void *_tmp_168_var;
+        asdl_seq * _loop0_32_var;
+        void *_tmp_119_var;
         Token * a;
         if (
-            (_tmp_168_var = _tmp_168_rule(p))  // slash_no_default | slash_with_default
+            (_tmp_119_var = _tmp_119_rule(p))  // slash_no_default | slash_with_default
             &&
-            (_loop0_169_var = _loop0_169_rule(p))  // param_maybe_default*
+            (_loop0_32_var = _loop0_32_rule(p))  // param_maybe_default*
             &&
             (a = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 17))  // token='/'
         )
@@ -21430,7 +21208,7 @@ invalid_parameters_rule(Parser *p)
             return NULL;
         }
         D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> invalid_parameters[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "slash_no_default? param_no_default* invalid_parameters_helper param_no_default"));
-        asdl_seq * _loop0_170_var;
+        asdl_seq * _loop0_28_var;
         void *_opt_var;
         UNUSED(_opt_var); // Silence compiler warnings
         arg_ty a;
@@ -21438,7 +21216,7 @@ invalid_parameters_rule(Parser *p)
         if (
             (_opt_var = slash_no_default_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // slash_no_default?
             &&
-            (_loop0_170_var = _loop0_170_rule(p))  // param_no_default*
+            (_loop0_28_var = _loop0_28_rule(p))  // param_no_default*
             &&
             (invalid_parameters_helper_var = invalid_parameters_helper_rule(p))  // invalid_parameters_helper
             &&
@@ -21464,18 +21242,18 @@ invalid_parameters_rule(Parser *p)
             return NULL;
         }
         D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> invalid_parameters[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "param_no_default* '(' param_no_default+ ','? ')'"));
-        asdl_seq * _loop0_171_var;
-        asdl_seq * _loop1_172_var;
+        asdl_seq * _loop0_28_var;
+        asdl_seq * _loop1_30_var;
         void *_opt_var;
         UNUSED(_opt_var); // Silence compiler warnings
         Token * a;
         Token * b;
         if (
-            (_loop0_171_var = _loop0_171_rule(p))  // param_no_default*
+            (_loop0_28_var = _loop0_28_rule(p))  // param_no_default*
             &&
             (a = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 7))  // token='('
             &&
-            (_loop1_172_var = _loop1_172_rule(p))  // param_no_default+
+            (_loop1_30_var = _loop1_30_rule(p))  // param_no_default+
             &&
             (_opt_var = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12), !p->error_indicator)  // ','?
             &&
@@ -21502,22 +21280,22 @@ invalid_parameters_rule(Parser *p)
         }
         D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> invalid_parameters[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "[(slash_no_default | slash_with_default)] param_maybe_default* '*' (',' | param_no_default) param_maybe_default* '/'"));
         Token * _literal;
-        asdl_seq * _loop0_174_var;
-        asdl_seq * _loop0_176_var;
+        asdl_seq * _loop0_32_var;
+        asdl_seq * _loop0_32_var_1;
         void *_opt_var;
         UNUSED(_opt_var); // Silence compiler warnings
-        void *_tmp_175_var;
+        void *_tmp_120_var;
         Token * a;
         if (
-            (_opt_var = _tmp_173_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // [(slash_no_default | slash_with_default)]
+            (_opt_var = _tmp_119_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // [(slash_no_default | slash_with_default)]
             &&
-            (_loop0_174_var = _loop0_174_rule(p))  // param_maybe_default*
+            (_loop0_32_var = _loop0_32_rule(p))  // param_maybe_default*
             &&
             (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 16))  // token='*'
             &&
-            (_tmp_175_var = _tmp_175_rule(p))  // ',' | param_no_default
+            (_tmp_120_var = _tmp_120_rule(p))  // ',' | param_no_default
             &&
-            (_loop0_176_var = _loop0_176_rule(p))  // param_maybe_default*
+            (_loop0_32_var_1 = _loop0_32_rule(p))  // param_maybe_default*
             &&
             (a = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 17))  // token='/'
         )
@@ -21542,10 +21320,10 @@ invalid_parameters_rule(Parser *p)
         }
         D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> invalid_parameters[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "param_maybe_default+ '/' '*'"));
         Token * _literal;
-        asdl_seq * _loop1_177_var;
+        asdl_seq * _loop1_33_var;
         Token * a;
         if (
-            (_loop1_177_var = _loop1_177_rule(p))  // param_maybe_default+
+            (_loop1_33_var = _loop1_33_rule(p))  // param_maybe_default+
             &&
             (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 17))  // token='/'
             &&
@@ -21594,7 +21372,7 @@ invalid_default_rule(Parser *p)
         if (
             (a = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 22))  // token='='
             &&
-            _PyPegen_lookahead(1, (void *(*)(Parser *)) _tmp_178_rule, p)
+            _PyPegen_lookahead(1, (void *(*)(Parser *)) _tmp_121_rule, p)
         )
         {
             D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ invalid_default[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'=' &(')' | ',')"));
@@ -21639,12 +21417,12 @@ invalid_star_etc_rule(Parser *p)
             return NULL;
         }
         D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> invalid_star_etc[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'*' (')' | ',' (')' | '**'))"));
-        void *_tmp_179_var;
+        void *_tmp_122_var;
         Token * a;
         if (
             (a = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 16))  // token='*'
             &&
-            (_tmp_179_var = _tmp_179_rule(p))  // ')' | ',' (')' | '**')
+            (_tmp_122_var = _tmp_122_rule(p))  // ')' | ',' (')' | '**')
         )
         {
             D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ invalid_star_etc[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'*' (')' | ',' (')' | '**'))"));
@@ -21727,20 +21505,20 @@ invalid_star_etc_rule(Parser *p)
         }
         D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> invalid_star_etc[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'*' (param_no_default | ',') param_maybe_default* '*' (param_no_default | ',')"));
         Token * _literal;
-        asdl_seq * _loop0_181_var;
-        void *_tmp_180_var;
-        void *_tmp_182_var;
+        asdl_seq * _loop0_32_var;
+        void *_tmp_123_var;
+        void *_tmp_123_var_1;
         Token * a;
         if (
             (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 16))  // token='*'
             &&
-            (_tmp_180_var = _tmp_180_rule(p))  // param_no_default | ','
+            (_tmp_123_var = _tmp_123_rule(p))  // param_no_default | ','
             &&
-            (_loop0_181_var = _loop0_181_rule(p))  // param_maybe_default*
+            (_loop0_32_var = _loop0_32_rule(p))  // param_maybe_default*
             &&
             (a = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 16))  // token='*'
             &&
-            (_tmp_182_var = _tmp_182_rule(p))  // param_no_default | ','
+            (_tmp_123_var_1 = _tmp_123_rule(p))  // param_no_default | ','
         )
         {
             D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ invalid_star_etc[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'*' (param_no_default | ',') param_maybe_default* '*' (param_no_default | ',')"));
@@ -21855,7 +21633,7 @@ invalid_kwds_rule(Parser *p)
             &&
             (_literal_1 = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
             &&
-            (a = (Token*)_tmp_183_rule(p))  // '*' | '**' | '/'
+            (a = (Token*)_tmp_124_rule(p))  // '*' | '**' | '/'
         )
         {
             D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ invalid_kwds[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'**' param ',' ('*' | '**' | '/')"));
@@ -21920,13 +21698,13 @@ invalid_parameters_helper_rule(Parser *p)
             return NULL;
         }
         D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> invalid_parameters_helper[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "param_with_default+"));
-        asdl_seq * _loop1_184_var;
+        asdl_seq * _loop1_31_var;
         if (
-            (_loop1_184_var = _loop1_184_rule(p))  // param_with_default+
+            (_loop1_31_var = _loop1_31_rule(p))  // param_with_default+
         )
         {
             D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ invalid_parameters_helper[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "param_with_default+"));
-            _res = _loop1_184_var;
+            _res = _loop1_31_var;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
@@ -21991,13 +21769,13 @@ invalid_lambda_parameters_rule(Parser *p)
             return NULL;
         }
         D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> invalid_lambda_parameters[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "(lambda_slash_no_default | lambda_slash_with_default) lambda_param_maybe_default* '/'"));
-        asdl_seq * _loop0_186_var;
-        void *_tmp_185_var;
+        asdl_seq * _loop0_75_var;
+        void *_tmp_125_var;
         Token * a;
         if (
-            (_tmp_185_var = _tmp_185_rule(p))  // lambda_slash_no_default | lambda_slash_with_default
+            (_tmp_125_var = _tmp_125_rule(p))  // lambda_slash_no_default | lambda_slash_with_default
             &&
-            (_loop0_186_var = _loop0_186_rule(p))  // lambda_param_maybe_default*
+            (_loop0_75_var = _loop0_75_rule(p))  // lambda_param_maybe_default*
             &&
             (a = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 17))  // token='/'
         )
@@ -22021,7 +21799,7 @@ invalid_lambda_parameters_rule(Parser *p)
             return NULL;
         }
         D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> invalid_lambda_parameters[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "lambda_slash_no_default? lambda_param_no_default* invalid_lambda_parameters_helper lambda_param_no_default"));
-        asdl_seq * _loop0_187_var;
+        asdl_seq * _loop0_71_var;
         void *_opt_var;
         UNUSED(_opt_var); // Silence compiler warnings
         arg_ty a;
@@ -22029,7 +21807,7 @@ invalid_lambda_parameters_rule(Parser *p)
         if (
             (_opt_var = lambda_slash_no_default_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // lambda_slash_no_default?
             &&
-            (_loop0_187_var = _loop0_187_rule(p))  // lambda_param_no_default*
+            (_loop0_71_var = _loop0_71_rule(p))  // lambda_param_no_default*
             &&
             (invalid_lambda_parameters_helper_var = invalid_lambda_parameters_helper_rule(p))  // invalid_lambda_parameters_helper
             &&
@@ -22055,18 +21833,18 @@ invalid_lambda_parameters_rule(Parser *p)
             return NULL;
         }
         D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> invalid_lambda_parameters[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param_no_default* '(' ','.lambda_param+ ','? ')'"));
-        asdl_seq * _gather_189_var;
-        asdl_seq * _loop0_188_var;
+        asdl_seq * _gather_127_var;
+        asdl_seq * _loop0_71_var;
         void *_opt_var;
         UNUSED(_opt_var); // Silence compiler warnings
         Token * a;
         Token * b;
         if (
-            (_loop0_188_var = _loop0_188_rule(p))  // lambda_param_no_default*
+            (_loop0_71_var = _loop0_71_rule(p))  // lambda_param_no_default*
             &&
             (a = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 7))  // token='('
             &&
-            (_gather_189_var = _gather_189_rule(p))  // ','.lambda_param+
+            (_gather_127_var = _gather_127_rule(p))  // ','.lambda_param+
             &&
             (_opt_var = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12), !p->error_indicator)  // ','?
             &&
@@ -22093,22 +21871,22 @@ invalid_lambda_parameters_rule(Parser *p)
         }
         D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> invalid_lambda_parameters[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "[(lambda_slash_no_default | lambda_slash_with_default)] lambda_param_maybe_default* '*' (',' | lambda_param_no_default) lambda_param_maybe_default* '/'"));
         Token * _literal;
-        asdl_seq * _loop0_192_var;
-        asdl_seq * _loop0_194_var;
+        asdl_seq * _loop0_75_var;
+        asdl_seq * _loop0_75_var_1;
         void *_opt_var;
         UNUSED(_opt_var); // Silence compiler warnings
-        void *_tmp_193_var;
+        void *_tmp_128_var;
         Token * a;
         if (
-            (_opt_var = _tmp_191_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // [(lambda_slash_no_default | lambda_slash_with_default)]
+            (_opt_var = _tmp_125_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // [(lambda_slash_no_default | lambda_slash_with_default)]
             &&
-            (_loop0_192_var = _loop0_192_rule(p))  // lambda_param_maybe_default*
+            (_loop0_75_var = _loop0_75_rule(p))  // lambda_param_maybe_default*
             &&
             (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 16))  // token='*'
             &&
-            (_tmp_193_var = _tmp_193_rule(p))  // ',' | lambda_param_no_default
+            (_tmp_128_var = _tmp_128_rule(p))  // ',' | lambda_param_no_default
             &&
-            (_loop0_194_var = _loop0_194_rule(p))  // lambda_param_maybe_default*
+            (_loop0_75_var_1 = _loop0_75_rule(p))  // lambda_param_maybe_default*
             &&
             (a = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 17))  // token='/'
         )
@@ -22133,10 +21911,10 @@ invalid_lambda_parameters_rule(Parser *p)
         }
         D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> invalid_lambda_parameters[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param_maybe_default+ '/' '*'"));
         Token * _literal;
-        asdl_seq * _loop1_195_var;
+        asdl_seq * _loop1_76_var;
         Token * a;
         if (
-            (_loop1_195_var = _loop1_195_rule(p))  // lambda_param_maybe_default+
+            (_loop1_76_var = _loop1_76_rule(p))  // lambda_param_maybe_default+
             &&
             (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 17))  // token='/'
             &&
@@ -22207,13 +21985,13 @@ invalid_lambda_parameters_helper_rule(Parser *p)
             return NULL;
         }
         D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> invalid_lambda_parameters_helper[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param_with_default+"));
-        asdl_seq * _loop1_196_var;
+        asdl_seq * _loop1_74_var;
         if (
-            (_loop1_196_var = _loop1_196_rule(p))  // lambda_param_with_default+
+            (_loop1_74_var = _loop1_74_rule(p))  // lambda_param_with_default+
         )
         {
             D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ invalid_lambda_parameters_helper[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param_with_default+"));
-            _res = _loop1_196_var;
+            _res = _loop1_74_var;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
@@ -22249,11 +22027,11 @@ invalid_lambda_star_etc_rule(Parser *p)
         }
         D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> invalid_lambda_star_etc[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'*' (':' | ',' (':' | '**'))"));
         Token * _literal;
-        void *_tmp_197_var;
+        void *_tmp_129_var;
         if (
             (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 16))  // token='*'
             &&
-            (_tmp_197_var = _tmp_197_rule(p))  // ':' | ',' (':' | '**')
+            (_tmp_129_var = _tmp_129_rule(p))  // ':' | ',' (':' | '**')
         )
         {
             D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ invalid_lambda_star_etc[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'*' (':' | ',' (':' | '**'))"));
@@ -22306,20 +22084,20 @@ invalid_lambda_star_etc_rule(Parser *p)
         }
         D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> invalid_lambda_star_etc[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'*' (lambda_param_no_default | ',') lambda_param_maybe_default* '*' (lambda_param_no_default | ',')"));
         Token * _literal;
-        asdl_seq * _loop0_199_var;
-        void *_tmp_198_var;
-        void *_tmp_200_var;
+        asdl_seq * _loop0_75_var;
+        void *_tmp_130_var;
+        void *_tmp_130_var_1;
         Token * a;
         if (
             (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 16))  // token='*'
             &&
-            (_tmp_198_var = _tmp_198_rule(p))  // lambda_param_no_default | ','
+            (_tmp_130_var = _tmp_130_rule(p))  // lambda_param_no_default | ','
             &&
-            (_loop0_199_var = _loop0_199_rule(p))  // lambda_param_maybe_default*
+            (_loop0_75_var = _loop0_75_rule(p))  // lambda_param_maybe_default*
             &&
             (a = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 16))  // token='*'
             &&
-            (_tmp_200_var = _tmp_200_rule(p))  // lambda_param_no_default | ','
+            (_tmp_130_var_1 = _tmp_130_rule(p))  // lambda_param_no_default | ','
         )
         {
             D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ invalid_lambda_star_etc[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'*' (lambda_param_no_default | ',') lambda_param_maybe_default* '*' (lambda_param_no_default | ',')"));
@@ -22437,7 +22215,7 @@ invalid_lambda_kwds_rule(Parser *p)
             &&
             (_literal_1 = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
             &&
-            (a = (Token*)_tmp_201_rule(p))  // '*' | '**' | '/'
+            (a = (Token*)_tmp_124_rule(p))  // '*' | '**' | '/'
         )
         {
             D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ invalid_lambda_kwds[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'**' lambda_param ',' ('*' | '**' | '/')"));
@@ -22539,11 +22317,11 @@ invalid_with_item_rule(Parser *p)
         if (
             (expression_var = expression_rule(p))  // expression
             &&
-            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 658))  // token='as'
+            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 666))  // token='as'
             &&
             (a = expression_rule(p))  // expression
             &&
-            _PyPegen_lookahead(1, (void *(*)(Parser *)) _tmp_202_rule, p)
+            _PyPegen_lookahead(1, (void *(*)(Parser *)) _tmp_36_rule, p)
         )
         {
             D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ invalid_with_item[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "expression 'as' expression &(',' | ')' | ':')"));
@@ -22587,15 +22365,15 @@ invalid_for_if_clause_rule(Parser *p)
         Token * _keyword;
         void *_opt_var;
         UNUSED(_opt_var); // Silence compiler warnings
-        void *_tmp_203_var;
+        void *_tmp_131_var;
         if (
-            (_opt_var = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 674), !p->error_indicator)  // 'async'?
+            (_opt_var = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 682), !p->error_indicator)  // 'async'?
             &&
-            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 670))  // token='for'
+            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 678))  // token='for'
             &&
-            (_tmp_203_var = _tmp_203_rule(p))  // bitwise_or ((',' bitwise_or))* ','?
+            (_tmp_131_var = _tmp_131_rule(p))  // bitwise_or ((',' bitwise_or))* ','?
             &&
-            _PyPegen_lookahead_with_int(0, _PyPegen_expect_token, p, 671)  // token='in'
+            _PyPegen_lookahead_with_int(0, _PyPegen_expect_token, p, 679)  // token='in'
         )
         {
             D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ invalid_for_if_clause[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'async'? 'for' (bitwise_or ((',' bitwise_or))* ','?) !'in'"));
@@ -22641,9 +22419,9 @@ invalid_for_target_rule(Parser *p)
         UNUSED(_opt_var); // Silence compiler warnings
         expr_ty a;
         if (
-            (_opt_var = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 674), !p->error_indicator)  // 'async'?
+            (_opt_var = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 682), !p->error_indicator)  // 'async'?
             &&
-            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 670))  // token='for'
+            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 678))  // token='for'
             &&
             (a = star_expressions_rule(p))  // star_expressions
         )
@@ -22768,14 +22546,14 @@ invalid_import_rule(Parser *p)
             return NULL;
         }
         D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> invalid_import[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'import' ','.dotted_name+ 'from' dotted_name"));
-        asdl_seq * _gather_204_var;
+        asdl_seq * _gather_133_var;
         Token * _keyword;
         Token * a;
         expr_ty dotted_name_var;
         if (
             (a = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 622))  // token='import'
             &&
-            (_gather_204_var = _gather_204_rule(p))  // ','.dotted_name+
+            (_gather_133_var = _gather_133_rule(p))  // ','.dotted_name+
             &&
             (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 621))  // token='from'
             &&
@@ -22922,17 +22700,17 @@ invalid_with_stmt_rule(Parser *p)
             return NULL;
         }
         D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> invalid_with_stmt[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'async'? 'with' ','.(expression ['as' star_target])+ NEWLINE"));
-        asdl_seq * _gather_206_var;
+        asdl_seq * _gather_135_var;
         Token * _keyword;
         void *_opt_var;
         UNUSED(_opt_var); // Silence compiler warnings
         Token * newline_var;
         if (
-            (_opt_var = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 674), !p->error_indicator)  // 'async'?
+            (_opt_var = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 682), !p->error_indicator)  // 'async'?
             &&
             (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 633))  // token='with'
             &&
-            (_gather_206_var = _gather_206_rule(p))  // ','.(expression ['as' star_target])+
+            (_gather_135_var = _gather_135_rule(p))  // ','.(expression ['as' star_target])+
             &&
             (newline_var = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, NEWLINE))  // token='NEWLINE'
         )
@@ -22956,7 +22734,7 @@ invalid_with_stmt_rule(Parser *p)
             return NULL;
         }
         D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> invalid_with_stmt[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'async'? 'with' '(' ','.(expressions ['as' star_target])+ ','? ')' NEWLINE"));
-        asdl_seq * _gather_208_var;
+        asdl_seq * _gather_137_var;
         Token * _keyword;
         Token * _literal;
         Token * _literal_1;
@@ -22966,13 +22744,13 @@ invalid_with_stmt_rule(Parser *p)
         UNUSED(_opt_var_1); // Silence compiler warnings
         Token * newline_var;
         if (
-            (_opt_var = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 674), !p->error_indicator)  // 'async'?
+            (_opt_var = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 682), !p->error_indicator)  // 'async'?
             &&
             (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 633))  // token='with'
             &&
             (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 7))  // token='('
             &&
-            (_gather_208_var = _gather_208_rule(p))  // ','.(expressions ['as' star_target])+
+            (_gather_137_var = _gather_137_rule(p))  // ','.(expressions ['as' star_target])+
             &&
             (_opt_var_1 = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12), !p->error_indicator)  // ','?
             &&
@@ -23021,18 +22799,18 @@ invalid_with_stmt_indent_rule(Parser *p)
             return NULL;
         }
         D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> invalid_with_stmt_indent[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'async'? 'with' ','.(expression ['as' star_target])+ ':' NEWLINE !INDENT"));
-        asdl_seq * _gather_210_var;
+        asdl_seq * _gather_135_var;
         Token * _literal;
         void *_opt_var;
         UNUSED(_opt_var); // Silence compiler warnings
         Token * a;
         Token * newline_var;
         if (
-            (_opt_var = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 674), !p->error_indicator)  // 'async'?
+            (_opt_var = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 682), !p->error_indicator)  // 'async'?
             &&
             (a = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 633))  // token='with'
             &&
-            (_gather_210_var = _gather_210_rule(p))  // ','.(expression ['as' star_target])+
+            (_gather_135_var = _gather_135_rule(p))  // ','.(expression ['as' star_target])+
             &&
             (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 11))  // token=':'
             &&
@@ -23060,7 +22838,7 @@ invalid_with_stmt_indent_rule(Parser *p)
             return NULL;
         }
         D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> invalid_with_stmt_indent[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'async'? 'with' '(' ','.(expressions ['as' star_target])+ ','? ')' ':' NEWLINE !INDENT"));
-        asdl_seq * _gather_212_var;
+        asdl_seq * _gather_137_var;
         Token * _literal;
         Token * _literal_1;
         Token * _literal_2;
@@ -23071,13 +22849,13 @@ invalid_with_stmt_indent_rule(Parser *p)
         Token * a;
         Token * newline_var;
         if (
-            (_opt_var = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 674), !p->error_indicator)  // 'async'?
+            (_opt_var = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 682), !p->error_indicator)  // 'async'?
             &&
             (a = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 633))  // token='with'
             &&
             (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 7))  // token='('
             &&
-            (_gather_212_var = _gather_212_rule(p))  // ','.(expressions ['as' star_target])+
+            (_gather_137_var = _gather_137_rule(p))  // ','.(expressions ['as' star_target])+
             &&
             (_opt_var_1 = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12), !p->error_indicator)  // ','?
             &&
@@ -23174,7 +22952,7 @@ invalid_try_stmt_rule(Parser *p)
             &&
             (block_var = block_rule(p))  // block
             &&
-            _PyPegen_lookahead(0, (void *(*)(Parser *)) _tmp_214_rule, p)
+            _PyPegen_lookahead(0, (void *(*)(Parser *)) _tmp_138_rule, p)
         )
         {
             D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ invalid_try_stmt[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'try' ':' block !('except' | 'finally')"));
@@ -23199,8 +22977,8 @@ invalid_try_stmt_rule(Parser *p)
         Token * _keyword;
         Token * _literal;
         Token * _literal_1;
-        asdl_seq * _loop0_215_var;
-        asdl_seq * _loop1_216_var;
+        asdl_seq * _loop0_139_var;
+        asdl_seq * _loop1_37_var;
         void *_opt_var;
         UNUSED(_opt_var); // Silence compiler warnings
         Token * a;
@@ -23211,17 +22989,17 @@ invalid_try_stmt_rule(Parser *p)
             &&
             (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 11))  // token=':'
             &&
-            (_loop0_215_var = _loop0_215_rule(p))  // block*
+            (_loop0_139_var = _loop0_139_rule(p))  // block*
             &&
-            (_loop1_216_var = _loop1_216_rule(p))  // except_block+
+            (_loop1_37_var = _loop1_37_rule(p))  // except_block+
             &&
-            (a = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 655))  // token='except'
+            (a = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 663))  // token='except'
             &&
             (b = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 16))  // token='*'
             &&
             (expression_var = expression_rule(p))  // expression
             &&
-            (_opt_var = _tmp_217_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // ['as' NAME]
+            (_opt_var = _tmp_22_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // ['as' NAME]
             &&
             (_literal_1 = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 11))  // token=':'
         )
@@ -23248,8 +23026,8 @@ invalid_try_stmt_rule(Parser *p)
         Token * _keyword;
         Token * _literal;
         Token * _literal_1;
-        asdl_seq * _loop0_218_var;
-        asdl_seq * _loop1_219_var;
+        asdl_seq * _loop0_139_var;
+        asdl_seq * _loop1_38_var;
         void *_opt_var;
         UNUSED(_opt_var); // Silence compiler warnings
         Token * a;
@@ -23258,13 +23036,13 @@ invalid_try_stmt_rule(Parser *p)
             &&
             (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 11))  // token=':'
             &&
-            (_loop0_218_var = _loop0_218_rule(p))  // block*
+            (_loop0_139_var = _loop0_139_rule(p))  // block*
             &&
-            (_loop1_219_var = _loop1_219_rule(p))  // except_star_block+
+            (_loop1_38_var = _loop1_38_rule(p))  // except_star_block+
             &&
-            (a = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 655))  // token='except'
+            (a = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 663))  // token='except'
             &&
-            (_opt_var = _tmp_220_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // [expression ['as' NAME]]
+            (_opt_var = _tmp_140_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // [expression ['as' NAME]]
             &&
             (_literal_1 = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 11))  // token=':'
         )
@@ -23289,10 +23067,10 @@ invalid_try_stmt_rule(Parser *p)
 }
 
 // invalid_except_stmt:
-//     | 'except' '*'? expression ',' expressions ['as' NAME] ':'
-//     | 'except' '*'? expression ['as' NAME] NEWLINE
+//     | 'except' expression ',' expressions ['as' NAME] ':'
+//     | 'except' expression ['as' NAME] NEWLINE
 //     | 'except' NEWLINE
-//     | 'except' '*' (NEWLINE | ':')
+//     | 'except' expression 'as' expression
 static void *
 invalid_except_stmt_rule(Parser *p)
 {
@@ -23305,25 +23083,21 @@ invalid_except_stmt_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     void * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // 'except' '*'? expression ',' expressions ['as' NAME] ':'
+    { // 'except' expression ',' expressions ['as' NAME] ':'
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> invalid_except_stmt[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'except' '*'? expression ',' expressions ['as' NAME] ':'"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> invalid_except_stmt[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'except' expression ',' expressions ['as' NAME] ':'"));
         Token * _keyword;
         Token * _literal;
         Token * _literal_1;
         void *_opt_var;
         UNUSED(_opt_var); // Silence compiler warnings
-        void *_opt_var_1;
-        UNUSED(_opt_var_1); // Silence compiler warnings
         expr_ty a;
         expr_ty expressions_var;
         if (
-            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 655))  // token='except'
-            &&
-            (_opt_var = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 16), !p->error_indicator)  // '*'?
+            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 663))  // token='except'
             &&
             (a = expression_rule(p))  // expression
             &&
@@ -23331,12 +23105,12 @@ invalid_except_stmt_rule(Parser *p)
             &&
             (expressions_var = expressions_rule(p))  // expressions
             &&
-            (_opt_var_1 = _tmp_221_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // ['as' NAME]
+            (_opt_var = _tmp_22_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // ['as' NAME]
             &&
             (_literal_1 = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 11))  // token=':'
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ invalid_except_stmt[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'except' '*'? expression ',' expressions ['as' NAME] ':'"));
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ invalid_except_stmt[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'except' expression ',' expressions ['as' NAME] ':'"));
             _res = RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_STARTING_FROM ( a , "multiple exception types must be parenthesized" );
             if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
                 p->error_indicator = 1;
@@ -23347,34 +23121,30 @@ invalid_except_stmt_rule(Parser *p)
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
         D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s invalid_except_stmt[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'except' '*'? expression ',' expressions ['as' NAME] ':'"));
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'except' expression ',' expressions ['as' NAME] ':'"));
     }
-    { // 'except' '*'? expression ['as' NAME] NEWLINE
+    { // 'except' expression ['as' NAME] NEWLINE
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> invalid_except_stmt[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'except' '*'? expression ['as' NAME] NEWLINE"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> invalid_except_stmt[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'except' expression ['as' NAME] NEWLINE"));
         void *_opt_var;
         UNUSED(_opt_var); // Silence compiler warnings
-        void *_opt_var_1;
-        UNUSED(_opt_var_1); // Silence compiler warnings
         Token * a;
         expr_ty expression_var;
         Token * newline_var;
         if (
-            (a = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 655))  // token='except'
-            &&
-            (_opt_var = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 16), !p->error_indicator)  // '*'?
+            (a = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 663))  // token='except'
             &&
             (expression_var = expression_rule(p))  // expression
             &&
-            (_opt_var_1 = _tmp_222_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // ['as' NAME]
+            (_opt_var = _tmp_22_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // ['as' NAME]
             &&
             (newline_var = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, NEWLINE))  // token='NEWLINE'
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ invalid_except_stmt[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'except' '*'? expression ['as' NAME] NEWLINE"));
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ invalid_except_stmt[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'except' expression ['as' NAME] NEWLINE"));
             _res = RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR ( "expected ':'" );
             if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
                 p->error_indicator = 1;
@@ -23385,7 +23155,7 @@ invalid_except_stmt_rule(Parser *p)
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
         D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s invalid_except_stmt[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'except' '*'? expression ['as' NAME] NEWLINE"));
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'except' expression ['as' NAME] NEWLINE"));
     }
     { // 'except' NEWLINE
         if (p->error_indicator) {
@@ -23396,7 +23166,7 @@ invalid_except_stmt_rule(Parser *p)
         Token * a;
         Token * newline_var;
         if (
-            (a = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 655))  // token='except'
+            (a = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 663))  // token='except'
             &&
             (newline_var = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, NEWLINE))  // token='NEWLINE'
         )
@@ -23414,24 +23184,160 @@ invalid_except_stmt_rule(Parser *p)
         D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s invalid_except_stmt[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
                   p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'except' NEWLINE"));
     }
+    { // 'except' expression 'as' expression
+        if (p->error_indicator) {
+            p->level--;
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> invalid_except_stmt[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'except' expression 'as' expression"));
+        Token * _keyword;
+        Token * _keyword_1;
+        expr_ty a;
+        expr_ty expression_var;
+        if (
+            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 663))  // token='except'
+            &&
+            (expression_var = expression_rule(p))  // expression
+            &&
+            (_keyword_1 = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 666))  // token='as'
+            &&
+            (a = expression_rule(p))  // expression
+        )
+        {
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ invalid_except_stmt[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'except' expression 'as' expression"));
+            _res = RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION ( a , "cannot use except statement with %s" , _PyPegen_get_expr_name ( a ) );
+            if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+                p->error_indicator = 1;
+                p->level--;
+                return NULL;
+            }
+            goto done;
+        }
+        p->mark = _mark;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s invalid_except_stmt[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'except' expression 'as' expression"));
+    }
+    _res = NULL;
+  done:
+    p->level--;
+    return _res;
+}
+
+// invalid_except_star_stmt:
+//     | 'except' '*' expression ',' expressions ['as' NAME] ':'
+//     | 'except' '*' expression ['as' NAME] NEWLINE
+//     | 'except' '*' (NEWLINE | ':')
+//     | 'except' '*' expression 'as' expression
+static void *
+invalid_except_star_stmt_rule(Parser *p)
+{
+    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
+        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
+    }
+    if (p->error_indicator) {
+        p->level--;
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    void * _res = NULL;
+    int _mark = p->mark;
+    { // 'except' '*' expression ',' expressions ['as' NAME] ':'
+        if (p->error_indicator) {
+            p->level--;
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> invalid_except_star_stmt[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'except' '*' expression ',' expressions ['as' NAME] ':'"));
+        Token * _keyword;
+        Token * _literal;
+        Token * _literal_1;
+        Token * _literal_2;
+        void *_opt_var;
+        UNUSED(_opt_var); // Silence compiler warnings
+        expr_ty a;
+        expr_ty expressions_var;
+        if (
+            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 663))  // token='except'
+            &&
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 16))  // token='*'
+            &&
+            (a = expression_rule(p))  // expression
+            &&
+            (_literal_1 = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
+            &&
+            (expressions_var = expressions_rule(p))  // expressions
+            &&
+            (_opt_var = _tmp_22_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // ['as' NAME]
+            &&
+            (_literal_2 = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 11))  // token=':'
+        )
+        {
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ invalid_except_star_stmt[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'except' '*' expression ',' expressions ['as' NAME] ':'"));
+            _res = RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_STARTING_FROM ( a , "multiple exception types must be parenthesized" );
+            if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+                p->error_indicator = 1;
+                p->level--;
+                return NULL;
+            }
+            goto done;
+        }
+        p->mark = _mark;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s invalid_except_star_stmt[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'except' '*' expression ',' expressions ['as' NAME] ':'"));
+    }
+    { // 'except' '*' expression ['as' NAME] NEWLINE
+        if (p->error_indicator) {
+            p->level--;
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> invalid_except_star_stmt[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'except' '*' expression ['as' NAME] NEWLINE"));
+        Token * _literal;
+        void *_opt_var;
+        UNUSED(_opt_var); // Silence compiler warnings
+        Token * a;
+        expr_ty expression_var;
+        Token * newline_var;
+        if (
+            (a = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 663))  // token='except'
+            &&
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 16))  // token='*'
+            &&
+            (expression_var = expression_rule(p))  // expression
+            &&
+            (_opt_var = _tmp_22_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // ['as' NAME]
+            &&
+            (newline_var = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, NEWLINE))  // token='NEWLINE'
+        )
+        {
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ invalid_except_star_stmt[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'except' '*' expression ['as' NAME] NEWLINE"));
+            _res = RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR ( "expected ':'" );
+            if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+                p->error_indicator = 1;
+                p->level--;
+                return NULL;
+            }
+            goto done;
+        }
+        p->mark = _mark;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s invalid_except_star_stmt[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'except' '*' expression ['as' NAME] NEWLINE"));
+    }
     { // 'except' '*' (NEWLINE | ':')
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> invalid_except_stmt[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'except' '*' (NEWLINE | ':')"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> invalid_except_star_stmt[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'except' '*' (NEWLINE | ':')"));
         Token * _literal;
-        void *_tmp_223_var;
+        void *_tmp_141_var;
         Token * a;
         if (
-            (a = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 655))  // token='except'
+            (a = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 663))  // token='except'
             &&
             (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 16))  // token='*'
             &&
-            (_tmp_223_var = _tmp_223_rule(p))  // NEWLINE | ':'
+            (_tmp_141_var = _tmp_141_rule(p))  // NEWLINE | ':'
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ invalid_except_stmt[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'except' '*' (NEWLINE | ':')"));
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ invalid_except_star_stmt[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'except' '*' (NEWLINE | ':')"));
             _res = RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR ( "expected one or more exception types" );
             if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
                 p->error_indicator = 1;
@@ -23441,9 +23347,45 @@ invalid_except_stmt_rule(Parser *p)
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s invalid_except_stmt[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s invalid_except_star_stmt[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
                   p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'except' '*' (NEWLINE | ':')"));
     }
+    { // 'except' '*' expression 'as' expression
+        if (p->error_indicator) {
+            p->level--;
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> invalid_except_star_stmt[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'except' '*' expression 'as' expression"));
+        Token * _keyword;
+        Token * _keyword_1;
+        Token * _literal;
+        expr_ty a;
+        expr_ty expression_var;
+        if (
+            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 663))  // token='except'
+            &&
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 16))  // token='*'
+            &&
+            (expression_var = expression_rule(p))  // expression
+            &&
+            (_keyword_1 = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 666))  // token='as'
+            &&
+            (a = expression_rule(p))  // expression
+        )
+        {
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ invalid_except_star_stmt[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'except' '*' expression 'as' expression"));
+            _res = RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION ( a , "cannot use except* statement with %s" , _PyPegen_get_expr_name ( a ) );
+            if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+                p->error_indicator = 1;
+                p->level--;
+                return NULL;
+            }
+            goto done;
+        }
+        p->mark = _mark;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s invalid_except_star_stmt[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'except' '*' expression 'as' expression"));
+    }
     _res = NULL;
   done:
     p->level--;
@@ -23473,7 +23415,7 @@ invalid_finally_stmt_rule(Parser *p)
         Token * a;
         Token * newline_var;
         if (
-            (a = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 651))  // token='finally'
+            (a = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 659))  // token='finally'
             &&
             (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 11))  // token=':'
             &&
@@ -23529,11 +23471,11 @@ invalid_except_stmt_indent_rule(Parser *p)
         expr_ty expression_var;
         Token * newline_var;
         if (
-            (a = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 655))  // token='except'
+            (a = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 663))  // token='except'
             &&
             (expression_var = expression_rule(p))  // expression
             &&
-            (_opt_var = _tmp_224_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // ['as' NAME]
+            (_opt_var = _tmp_22_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // ['as' NAME]
             &&
             (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 11))  // token=':'
             &&
@@ -23565,7 +23507,7 @@ invalid_except_stmt_indent_rule(Parser *p)
         Token * a;
         Token * newline_var;
         if (
-            (a = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 655))  // token='except'
+            (a = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 663))  // token='except'
             &&
             (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 11))  // token=':'
             &&
@@ -23621,13 +23563,13 @@ invalid_except_star_stmt_indent_rule(Parser *p)
         expr_ty expression_var;
         Token * newline_var;
         if (
-            (a = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 655))  // token='except'
+            (a = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 663))  // token='except'
             &&
             (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 16))  // token='*'
             &&
             (expression_var = expression_rule(p))  // expression
             &&
-            (_opt_var = _tmp_225_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // ['as' NAME]
+            (_opt_var = _tmp_22_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // ['as' NAME]
             &&
             (_literal_1 = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 11))  // token=':'
             &&
@@ -23835,7 +23777,7 @@ invalid_case_block_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// invalid_as_pattern: or_pattern 'as' "_" | or_pattern 'as' !NAME expression
+// invalid_as_pattern: or_pattern 'as' "_" | or_pattern 'as' expression
 static void *
 invalid_as_pattern_rule(Parser *p)
 {
@@ -23860,7 +23802,7 @@ invalid_as_pattern_rule(Parser *p)
         if (
             (or_pattern_var = or_pattern_rule(p))  // or_pattern
             &&
-            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 658))  // token='as'
+            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 666))  // token='as'
             &&
             (a = _PyPegen_expect_soft_keyword(p, "_"))  // soft_keyword='"_"'
         )
@@ -23878,27 +23820,25 @@ invalid_as_pattern_rule(Parser *p)
         D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s invalid_as_pattern[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
                   p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "or_pattern 'as' \"_\""));
     }
-    { // or_pattern 'as' !NAME expression
+    { // or_pattern 'as' expression
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> invalid_as_pattern[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "or_pattern 'as' !NAME expression"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> invalid_as_pattern[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "or_pattern 'as' expression"));
         Token * _keyword;
         expr_ty a;
         pattern_ty or_pattern_var;
         if (
             (or_pattern_var = or_pattern_rule(p))  // or_pattern
             &&
-            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 658))  // token='as'
-            &&
-            _PyPegen_lookahead_with_name(0, _PyPegen_name_token, p)
+            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 666))  // token='as'
             &&
             (a = expression_rule(p))  // expression
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ invalid_as_pattern[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "or_pattern 'as' !NAME expression"));
-            _res = RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION ( a , "invalid pattern target" );
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ invalid_as_pattern[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "or_pattern 'as' expression"));
+            _res = RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION ( a , "cannot use %s as pattern target" , _PyPegen_get_expr_name ( a ) );
             if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
                 p->error_indicator = 1;
                 p->level--;
@@ -23908,7 +23848,7 @@ invalid_as_pattern_rule(Parser *p)
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
         D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s invalid_as_pattern[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "or_pattern 'as' !NAME expression"));
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "or_pattern 'as' expression"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
   done:
@@ -23991,7 +23931,7 @@ invalid_class_argument_pattern_rule(Parser *p)
         asdl_pattern_seq* a;
         asdl_seq* keyword_patterns_var;
         if (
-            (_opt_var = _tmp_226_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // [positional_patterns ',']
+            (_opt_var = _tmp_142_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // [positional_patterns ',']
             &&
             (keyword_patterns_var = keyword_patterns_rule(p))  // keyword_patterns
             &&
@@ -24044,7 +23984,7 @@ invalid_if_stmt_rule(Parser *p)
         expr_ty named_expression_var;
         Token * newline_var;
         if (
-            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 660))  // token='if'
+            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 668))  // token='if'
             &&
             (named_expression_var = named_expression_rule(p))  // named_expression
             &&
@@ -24075,7 +24015,7 @@ invalid_if_stmt_rule(Parser *p)
         expr_ty a_1;
         Token * newline_var;
         if (
-            (a = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 660))  // token='if'
+            (a = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 668))  // token='if'
             &&
             (a_1 = named_expression_rule(p))  // named_expression
             &&
@@ -24130,7 +24070,7 @@ invalid_elif_stmt_rule(Parser *p)
         expr_ty named_expression_var;
         Token * newline_var;
         if (
-            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 662))  // token='elif'
+            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 670))  // token='elif'
             &&
             (named_expression_var = named_expression_rule(p))  // named_expression
             &&
@@ -24161,7 +24101,7 @@ invalid_elif_stmt_rule(Parser *p)
         expr_ty named_expression_var;
         Token * newline_var;
         if (
-            (a = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 662))  // token='elif'
+            (a = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 670))  // token='elif'
             &&
             (named_expression_var = named_expression_rule(p))  // named_expression
             &&
@@ -24214,7 +24154,7 @@ invalid_else_stmt_rule(Parser *p)
         Token * a;
         Token * newline_var;
         if (
-            (a = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 663))  // token='else'
+            (a = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 671))  // token='else'
             &&
             (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 11))  // token=':'
             &&
@@ -24267,7 +24207,7 @@ invalid_while_stmt_rule(Parser *p)
         expr_ty named_expression_var;
         Token * newline_var;
         if (
-            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 665))  // token='while'
+            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 673))  // token='while'
             &&
             (named_expression_var = named_expression_rule(p))  // named_expression
             &&
@@ -24298,7 +24238,7 @@ invalid_while_stmt_rule(Parser *p)
         expr_ty named_expression_var;
         Token * newline_var;
         if (
-            (a = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 665))  // token='while'
+            (a = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 673))  // token='while'
             &&
             (named_expression_var = named_expression_rule(p))  // named_expression
             &&
@@ -24357,13 +24297,13 @@ invalid_for_stmt_rule(Parser *p)
         expr_ty star_expressions_var;
         expr_ty star_targets_var;
         if (
-            (_opt_var = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 674), !p->error_indicator)  // 'async'?
+            (_opt_var = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 682), !p->error_indicator)  // 'async'?
             &&
-            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 670))  // token='for'
+            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 678))  // token='for'
             &&
             (star_targets_var = star_targets_rule(p))  // star_targets
             &&
-            (_keyword_1 = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 671))  // token='in'
+            (_keyword_1 = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 679))  // token='in'
             &&
             (star_expressions_var = star_expressions_rule(p))  // star_expressions
             &&
@@ -24398,13 +24338,13 @@ invalid_for_stmt_rule(Parser *p)
         expr_ty star_expressions_var;
         expr_ty star_targets_var;
         if (
-            (_opt_var = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 674), !p->error_indicator)  // 'async'?
+            (_opt_var = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 682), !p->error_indicator)  // 'async'?
             &&
-            (a = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 670))  // token='for'
+            (a = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 678))  // token='for'
             &&
             (star_targets_var = star_targets_rule(p))  // star_targets
             &&
-            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 671))  // token='in'
+            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 679))  // token='in'
             &&
             (star_expressions_var = star_expressions_rule(p))  // star_expressions
             &&
@@ -24470,9 +24410,9 @@ invalid_def_raw_rule(Parser *p)
         expr_ty name_var;
         Token * newline_var;
         if (
-            (_opt_var = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 674), !p->error_indicator)  // 'async'?
+            (_opt_var = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 682), !p->error_indicator)  // 'async'?
             &&
-            (a = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 675))  // token='def'
+            (a = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 683))  // token='def'
             &&
             (name_var = _PyPegen_name_token(p))  // NAME
             &&
@@ -24484,7 +24424,7 @@ invalid_def_raw_rule(Parser *p)
             &&
             (_literal_1 = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 8))  // token=')'
             &&
-            (_opt_var_3 = _tmp_227_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // ['->' expression]
+            (_opt_var_3 = _tmp_27_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // ['->' expression]
             &&
             (_literal_2 = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 11))  // token=':'
             &&
@@ -24529,9 +24469,9 @@ invalid_def_raw_rule(Parser *p)
         asdl_stmt_seq* block_var;
         expr_ty name_var;
         if (
-            (_opt_var = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 674), !p->error_indicator)  // 'async'?
+            (_opt_var = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 682), !p->error_indicator)  // 'async'?
             &&
-            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 675))  // token='def'
+            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 683))  // token='def'
             &&
             (name_var = _PyPegen_name_token(p))  // NAME
             &&
@@ -24543,7 +24483,7 @@ invalid_def_raw_rule(Parser *p)
             &&
             (_literal_1 = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 8))  // token=')'
             &&
-            (_opt_var_3 = _tmp_228_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // ['->' expression]
+            (_opt_var_3 = _tmp_27_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // ['->' expression]
             &&
             (_literal_2 = _PyPegen_expect_forced_token(p, 11, ":"))  // forced_token=':'
             &&
@@ -24595,13 +24535,13 @@ invalid_class_def_raw_rule(Parser *p)
         expr_ty name_var;
         Token * newline_var;
         if (
-            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 677))  // token='class'
+            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 685))  // token='class'
             &&
             (name_var = _PyPegen_name_token(p))  // NAME
             &&
             (_opt_var = type_params_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // type_params?
             &&
-            (_opt_var_1 = _tmp_229_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // ['(' arguments? ')']
+            (_opt_var_1 = _tmp_26_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // ['(' arguments? ')']
             &&
             (newline_var = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, NEWLINE))  // token='NEWLINE'
         )
@@ -24634,13 +24574,13 @@ invalid_class_def_raw_rule(Parser *p)
         expr_ty name_var;
         Token * newline_var;
         if (
-            (a = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 677))  // token='class'
+            (a = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 685))  // token='class'
             &&
             (name_var = _PyPegen_name_token(p))  // NAME
             &&
             (_opt_var = type_params_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // type_params?
             &&
-            (_opt_var_1 = _tmp_230_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // ['(' arguments? ')']
+            (_opt_var_1 = _tmp_26_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // ['(' arguments? ')']
             &&
             (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 11))  // token=':'
             &&
@@ -24690,11 +24630,11 @@ invalid_double_starred_kvpairs_rule(Parser *p)
             return NULL;
         }
         D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> invalid_double_starred_kvpairs[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "','.double_starred_kvpair+ ',' invalid_kvpair"));
-        asdl_seq * _gather_231_var;
+        asdl_seq * _gather_82_var;
         Token * _literal;
         void *invalid_kvpair_var;
         if (
-            (_gather_231_var = _gather_231_rule(p))  // ','.double_starred_kvpair+
+            (_gather_82_var = _gather_82_rule(p))  // ','.double_starred_kvpair+
             &&
             (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
             &&
@@ -24702,7 +24642,7 @@ invalid_double_starred_kvpairs_rule(Parser *p)
         )
         {
             D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ invalid_double_starred_kvpairs[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "','.double_starred_kvpair+ ',' invalid_kvpair"));
-            _res = _PyPegen_dummy_name(p, _gather_231_var, _literal, invalid_kvpair_var);
+            _res = _PyPegen_dummy_name(p, _gather_82_var, _literal, invalid_kvpair_var);
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
@@ -24755,7 +24695,7 @@ invalid_double_starred_kvpairs_rule(Parser *p)
             &&
             (a = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 11))  // token=':'
             &&
-            _PyPegen_lookahead(1, (void *(*)(Parser *)) _tmp_233_rule, p)
+            _PyPegen_lookahead(1, (void *(*)(Parser *)) _tmp_143_rule, p)
         )
         {
             D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ invalid_double_starred_kvpairs[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "expression ':' &('}' | ',')"));
@@ -24865,7 +24805,7 @@ invalid_kvpair_rule(Parser *p)
             &&
             (a = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 11))  // token=':'
             &&
-            _PyPegen_lookahead(1, (void *(*)(Parser *)) _tmp_234_rule, p)
+            _PyPegen_lookahead(1, (void *(*)(Parser *)) _tmp_143_rule, p)
         )
         {
             D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ invalid_kvpair[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "expression ':' &('}' | ',')"));
@@ -25153,7 +25093,7 @@ invalid_replacement_field_rule(Parser *p)
             &&
             (annotated_rhs_var = annotated_rhs_rule(p))  // annotated_rhs
             &&
-            _PyPegen_lookahead(0, (void *(*)(Parser *)) _tmp_235_rule, p)
+            _PyPegen_lookahead(0, (void *(*)(Parser *)) _tmp_144_rule, p)
         )
         {
             D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ invalid_replacement_field[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'{' annotated_rhs !('=' | '!' | ':' | '}')"));
@@ -25185,7 +25125,7 @@ invalid_replacement_field_rule(Parser *p)
             &&
             (_literal_1 = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 22))  // token='='
             &&
-            _PyPegen_lookahead(0, (void *(*)(Parser *)) _tmp_236_rule, p)
+            _PyPegen_lookahead(0, (void *(*)(Parser *)) _tmp_145_rule, p)
         )
         {
             D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ invalid_replacement_field[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'{' annotated_rhs '=' !('!' | ':' | '}')"));
@@ -25249,9 +25189,9 @@ invalid_replacement_field_rule(Parser *p)
             &&
             (_opt_var = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 22), !p->error_indicator)  // '='?
             &&
-            (_opt_var_1 = _tmp_237_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // ['!' NAME]
+            (_opt_var_1 = _tmp_146_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // ['!' NAME]
             &&
-            _PyPegen_lookahead(0, (void *(*)(Parser *)) _tmp_238_rule, p)
+            _PyPegen_lookahead(0, (void *(*)(Parser *)) _tmp_147_rule, p)
         )
         {
             D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ invalid_replacement_field[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'{' annotated_rhs '='? ['!' NAME] !(':' | '}')"));
@@ -25275,7 +25215,7 @@ invalid_replacement_field_rule(Parser *p)
         D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> invalid_replacement_field[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'{' annotated_rhs '='? ['!' NAME] ':' fstring_format_spec* !'}'"));
         Token * _literal;
         Token * _literal_1;
-        asdl_seq * _loop0_240_var;
+        asdl_seq * _loop0_77_var;
         void *_opt_var;
         UNUSED(_opt_var); // Silence compiler warnings
         void *_opt_var_1;
@@ -25288,11 +25228,11 @@ invalid_replacement_field_rule(Parser *p)
             &&
             (_opt_var = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 22), !p->error_indicator)  // '='?
             &&
-            (_opt_var_1 = _tmp_239_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // ['!' NAME]
+            (_opt_var_1 = _tmp_146_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // ['!' NAME]
             &&
             (_literal_1 = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 11))  // token=':'
             &&
-            (_loop0_240_var = _loop0_240_rule(p))  // fstring_format_spec*
+            (_loop0_77_var = _loop0_77_rule(p))  // fstring_format_spec*
             &&
             _PyPegen_lookahead_with_int(0, _PyPegen_expect_token, p, 26)  // token='}'
         )
@@ -25329,7 +25269,7 @@ invalid_replacement_field_rule(Parser *p)
             &&
             (_opt_var = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 22), !p->error_indicator)  // '='?
             &&
-            (_opt_var_1 = _tmp_241_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // ['!' NAME]
+            (_opt_var_1 = _tmp_146_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // ['!' NAME]
             &&
             _PyPegen_lookahead_with_int(0, _PyPegen_expect_token, p, 26)  // token='}'
         )
@@ -25376,7 +25316,7 @@ invalid_conversion_character_rule(Parser *p)
         if (
             (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 54))  // token='!'
             &&
-            _PyPegen_lookahead(1, (void *(*)(Parser *)) _tmp_242_rule, p)
+            _PyPegen_lookahead(1, (void *(*)(Parser *)) _tmp_147_rule, p)
         )
         {
             D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ invalid_conversion_character[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'!' &(':' | '}')"));
@@ -25443,16 +25383,16 @@ invalid_arithmetic_rule(Parser *p)
             return NULL;
         }
         D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> invalid_arithmetic[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "sum ('+' | '-' | '*' | '/' | '%' | '//' | '@') 'not' inversion"));
-        void *_tmp_243_var;
+        void *_tmp_148_var;
         Token * a;
         expr_ty b;
         expr_ty sum_var;
         if (
             (sum_var = sum_rule(p))  // sum
             &&
-            (_tmp_243_var = _tmp_243_rule(p))  // '+' | '-' | '*' | '/' | '%' | '//' | '@'
+            (_tmp_148_var = _tmp_148_rule(p))  // '+' | '-' | '*' | '/' | '%' | '//' | '@'
             &&
-            (a = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 679))  // token='not'
+            (a = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 687))  // token='not'
             &&
             (b = inversion_rule(p))  // inversion
         )
@@ -25495,13 +25435,13 @@ invalid_factor_rule(Parser *p)
             return NULL;
         }
         D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> invalid_factor[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "('+' | '-' | '~') 'not' factor"));
-        void *_tmp_244_var;
+        void *_tmp_149_var;
         Token * a;
         expr_ty b;
         if (
-            (_tmp_244_var = _tmp_244_rule(p))  // '+' | '-' | '~'
+            (_tmp_149_var = _tmp_149_rule(p))  // '+' | '-' | '~'
             &&
-            (a = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 679))  // token='not'
+            (a = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 687))  // token='not'
             &&
             (b = factor_rule(p))  // factor
         )
@@ -25632,82 +25572,15 @@ _loop0_1_rule(Parser *p)
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
     PyMem_Free(_children);
     p->level--;
     return _seq;
 }
 
-// _loop0_2: NEWLINE
+// _loop1_2: statement
 static asdl_seq *
-_loop0_2_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void *_res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    void **_children = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(void *));
-    if (!_children) {
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
-    Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // NEWLINE
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_2[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "NEWLINE"));
-        Token * newline_var;
-        while (
-            (newline_var = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, NEWLINE))  // token='NEWLINE'
-        )
-        {
-            _res = newline_var;
-            if (_n == _children_capacity) {
-                _children_capacity *= 2;
-                void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
-                if (!_new_children) {
-                    PyMem_Free(_children);
-                    p->error_indicator = 1;
-                    PyErr_NoMemory();
-                    p->level--;
-                    return NULL;
-                }
-                _children = _new_children;
-            }
-            _children[_n++] = _res;
-            _mark = p->mark;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_2[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "NEWLINE"));
-    }
-    asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
-    if (!_seq) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
-    PyMem_Free(_children);
-    p->level--;
-    return _seq;
-}
-
-// _loop1_3: statement
-static asdl_seq *
-_loop1_3_rule(Parser *p)
+_loop1_2_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -25732,7 +25605,7 @@ _loop1_3_rule(Parser *p)
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop1_3[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "statement"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop1_2[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "statement"));
         asdl_stmt_seq* statement_var;
         while (
             (statement_var = statement_rule(p))  // statement
@@ -25755,7 +25628,7 @@ _loop1_3_rule(Parser *p)
             _mark = p->mark;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop1_3[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop1_2[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
                   p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "statement"));
     }
     if (_n == 0 || p->error_indicator) {
@@ -25771,15 +25644,15 @@ _loop1_3_rule(Parser *p)
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
     PyMem_Free(_children);
     p->level--;
     return _seq;
 }
 
-// _loop0_5: ';' simple_stmt
+// _loop0_3: ';' simple_stmt
 static asdl_seq *
-_loop0_5_rule(Parser *p)
+_loop0_3_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -25804,7 +25677,7 @@ _loop0_5_rule(Parser *p)
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_5[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "';' simple_stmt"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_3[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "';' simple_stmt"));
         Token * _literal;
         stmt_ty elem;
         while (
@@ -25836,7 +25709,7 @@ _loop0_5_rule(Parser *p)
             _mark = p->mark;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_5[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_3[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
                   p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "';' simple_stmt"));
     }
     asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
@@ -25847,13 +25720,13 @@ _loop0_5_rule(Parser *p)
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
     PyMem_Free(_children);
     p->level--;
     return _seq;
 }
 
-// _gather_4: simple_stmt _loop0_5
+// _gather_4: simple_stmt _loop0_3
 static asdl_seq *
 _gather_4_rule(Parser *p)
 {
@@ -25866,27 +25739,27 @@ _gather_4_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     asdl_seq * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // simple_stmt _loop0_5
+    { // simple_stmt _loop0_3
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _gather_4[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "simple_stmt _loop0_5"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _gather_4[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "simple_stmt _loop0_3"));
         stmt_ty elem;
         asdl_seq * seq;
         if (
             (elem = simple_stmt_rule(p))  // simple_stmt
             &&
-            (seq = _loop0_5_rule(p))  // _loop0_5
+            (seq = _loop0_3_rule(p))  // _loop0_3
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _gather_4[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "simple_stmt _loop0_5"));
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _gather_4[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "simple_stmt _loop0_3"));
             _res = _PyPegen_seq_insert_in_front(p, elem, seq);
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
         D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _gather_4[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "simple_stmt _loop0_5"));
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "simple_stmt _loop0_3"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
   done:
@@ -25894,9 +25767,9 @@ _gather_4_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _tmp_6: 'import' | 'from'
+// _tmp_5: 'import' | 'from'
 static void *
-_tmp_6_rule(Parser *p)
+_tmp_5_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -25912,18 +25785,18 @@ _tmp_6_rule(Parser *p)
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_6[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'import'"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_5[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'import'"));
         Token * _keyword;
         if (
             (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 622))  // token='import'
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_6[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'import'"));
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_5[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'import'"));
             _res = _keyword;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_6[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_5[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
                   p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'import'"));
     }
     { // 'from'
@@ -25931,18 +25804,18 @@ _tmp_6_rule(Parser *p)
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_6[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'from'"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_5[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'from'"));
         Token * _keyword;
         if (
             (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 621))  // token='from'
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_6[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'from'"));
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_5[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'from'"));
             _res = _keyword;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_6[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_5[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
                   p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'from'"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
@@ -25951,9 +25824,9 @@ _tmp_6_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _tmp_7: 'def' | '@' | 'async'
+// _tmp_6: 'def' | '@' | 'async'
 static void *
-_tmp_7_rule(Parser *p)
+_tmp_6_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -25969,18 +25842,18 @@ _tmp_7_rule(Parser *p)
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_7[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'def'"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_6[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'def'"));
         Token * _keyword;
         if (
-            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 675))  // token='def'
+            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 683))  // token='def'
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_7[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'def'"));
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_6[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'def'"));
             _res = _keyword;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_7[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_6[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
                   p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'def'"));
     }
     { // '@'
@@ -25988,18 +25861,18 @@ _tmp_7_rule(Parser *p)
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_7[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'@'"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_6[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'@'"));
         Token * _literal;
         if (
             (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 49))  // token='@'
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_7[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'@'"));
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_6[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'@'"));
             _res = _literal;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_7[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_6[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
                   p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'@'"));
     }
     { // 'async'
@@ -26007,18 +25880,18 @@ _tmp_7_rule(Parser *p)
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_7[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'async'"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_6[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'async'"));
         Token * _keyword;
         if (
-            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 674))  // token='async'
+            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 682))  // token='async'
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_7[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'async'"));
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_6[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'async'"));
             _res = _keyword;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_7[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_6[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
                   p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'async'"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
@@ -26027,9 +25900,9 @@ _tmp_7_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _tmp_8: 'class' | '@'
+// _tmp_7: 'class' | '@'
 static void *
-_tmp_8_rule(Parser *p)
+_tmp_7_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -26045,18 +25918,18 @@ _tmp_8_rule(Parser *p)
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_8[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'class'"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_7[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'class'"));
         Token * _keyword;
         if (
-            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 677))  // token='class'
+            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 685))  // token='class'
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_8[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'class'"));
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_7[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'class'"));
             _res = _keyword;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_8[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_7[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
                   p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'class'"));
     }
     { // '@'
@@ -26064,18 +25937,18 @@ _tmp_8_rule(Parser *p)
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_8[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'@'"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_7[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'@'"));
         Token * _literal;
         if (
             (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 49))  // token='@'
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_8[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'@'"));
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_7[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'@'"));
             _res = _literal;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_8[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_7[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
                   p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'@'"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
@@ -26084,9 +25957,9 @@ _tmp_8_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _tmp_9: 'with' | 'async'
+// _tmp_8: 'with' | 'async'
 static void *
-_tmp_9_rule(Parser *p)
+_tmp_8_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -26102,18 +25975,18 @@ _tmp_9_rule(Parser *p)
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_9[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'with'"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_8[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'with'"));
         Token * _keyword;
         if (
             (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 633))  // token='with'
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_9[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'with'"));
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_8[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'with'"));
             _res = _keyword;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_9[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_8[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
                   p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'with'"));
     }
     { // 'async'
@@ -26121,18 +25994,18 @@ _tmp_9_rule(Parser *p)
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_9[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'async'"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_8[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'async'"));
         Token * _keyword;
         if (
-            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 674))  // token='async'
+            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 682))  // token='async'
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_9[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'async'"));
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_8[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'async'"));
             _res = _keyword;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_9[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_8[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
                   p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'async'"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
@@ -26141,9 +26014,9 @@ _tmp_9_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _tmp_10: 'for' | 'async'
+// _tmp_9: 'for' | 'async'
 static void *
-_tmp_10_rule(Parser *p)
+_tmp_9_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -26159,18 +26032,18 @@ _tmp_10_rule(Parser *p)
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_10[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'for'"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_9[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'for'"));
         Token * _keyword;
         if (
-            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 670))  // token='for'
+            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 678))  // token='for'
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_10[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'for'"));
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_9[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'for'"));
             _res = _keyword;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_10[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_9[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
                   p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'for'"));
     }
     { // 'async'
@@ -26178,18 +26051,18 @@ _tmp_10_rule(Parser *p)
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_10[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'async'"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_9[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'async'"));
         Token * _keyword;
         if (
-            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 674))  // token='async'
+            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 682))  // token='async'
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_10[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'async'"));
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_9[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'async'"));
             _res = _keyword;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_10[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_9[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
                   p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'async'"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
@@ -26198,9 +26071,9 @@ _tmp_10_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _tmp_11: '=' annotated_rhs
+// _tmp_10: '=' annotated_rhs
 static void *
-_tmp_11_rule(Parser *p)
+_tmp_10_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -26216,7 +26089,7 @@ _tmp_11_rule(Parser *p)
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_11[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'=' annotated_rhs"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_10[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'=' annotated_rhs"));
         Token * _literal;
         expr_ty d;
         if (
@@ -26225,7 +26098,7 @@ _tmp_11_rule(Parser *p)
             (d = annotated_rhs_rule(p))  // annotated_rhs
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_11[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'=' annotated_rhs"));
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_10[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'=' annotated_rhs"));
             _res = d;
             if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
                 p->error_indicator = 1;
@@ -26235,7 +26108,7 @@ _tmp_11_rule(Parser *p)
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_11[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_10[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
                   p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'=' annotated_rhs"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
@@ -26244,9 +26117,9 @@ _tmp_11_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _tmp_12: '(' single_target ')' | single_subscript_attribute_target
+// _tmp_11: '(' single_target ')' | single_subscript_attribute_target
 static void *
-_tmp_12_rule(Parser *p)
+_tmp_11_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -26262,7 +26135,7 @@ _tmp_12_rule(Parser *p)
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_12[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'(' single_target ')'"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_11[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'(' single_target ')'"));
         Token * _literal;
         Token * _literal_1;
         expr_ty b;
@@ -26274,7 +26147,7 @@ _tmp_12_rule(Parser *p)
             (_literal_1 = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 8))  // token=')'
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_12[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'(' single_target ')'"));
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_11[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'(' single_target ')'"));
             _res = b;
             if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
                 p->error_indicator = 1;
@@ -26284,7 +26157,7 @@ _tmp_12_rule(Parser *p)
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_12[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_11[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
                   p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'(' single_target ')'"));
     }
     { // single_subscript_attribute_target
@@ -26292,18 +26165,18 @@ _tmp_12_rule(Parser *p)
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_12[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "single_subscript_attribute_target"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_11[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "single_subscript_attribute_target"));
         expr_ty single_subscript_attribute_target_var;
         if (
             (single_subscript_attribute_target_var = single_subscript_attribute_target_rule(p))  // single_subscript_attribute_target
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_12[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "single_subscript_attribute_target"));
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_11[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "single_subscript_attribute_target"));
             _res = single_subscript_attribute_target_var;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_12[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_11[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
                   p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "single_subscript_attribute_target"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
@@ -26312,7 +26185,79 @@ _tmp_12_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _tmp_13: '=' annotated_rhs
+// _loop1_12: (star_targets '=')
+static asdl_seq *
+_loop1_12_rule(Parser *p)
+{
+    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
+        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
+    }
+    if (p->error_indicator) {
+        p->level--;
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    void *_res = NULL;
+    int _mark = p->mark;
+    void **_children = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(void *));
+    if (!_children) {
+        p->error_indicator = 1;
+        PyErr_NoMemory();
+        p->level--;
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
+    Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
+    { // (star_targets '=')
+        if (p->error_indicator) {
+            p->level--;
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop1_12[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "(star_targets '=')"));
+        void *_tmp_150_var;
+        while (
+            (_tmp_150_var = _tmp_150_rule(p))  // star_targets '='
+        )
+        {
+            _res = _tmp_150_var;
+            if (_n == _children_capacity) {
+                _children_capacity *= 2;
+                void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
+                if (!_new_children) {
+                    PyMem_Free(_children);
+                    p->error_indicator = 1;
+                    PyErr_NoMemory();
+                    p->level--;
+                    return NULL;
+                }
+                _children = _new_children;
+            }
+            _children[_n++] = _res;
+            _mark = p->mark;
+        }
+        p->mark = _mark;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop1_12[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "(star_targets '=')"));
+    }
+    if (_n == 0 || p->error_indicator) {
+        PyMem_Free(_children);
+        p->level--;
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
+    if (!_seq) {
+        PyMem_Free(_children);
+        p->error_indicator = 1;
+        PyErr_NoMemory();
+        p->level--;
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
+    PyMem_Free(_children);
+    p->level--;
+    return _seq;
+}
+
+// _tmp_13: 'from' expression
 static void *
 _tmp_13_rule(Parser *p)
 {
@@ -26325,22 +26270,22 @@ _tmp_13_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     void * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // '=' annotated_rhs
+    { // 'from' expression
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_13[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'=' annotated_rhs"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        expr_ty d;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_13[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'from' expression"));
+        Token * _keyword;
+        expr_ty z;
         if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 22))  // token='='
+            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 621))  // token='from'
             &&
-            (d = annotated_rhs_rule(p))  // annotated_rhs
+            (z = expression_rule(p))  // expression
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_13[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'=' annotated_rhs"));
-            _res = d;
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_13[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'from' expression"));
+            _res = z;
             if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
                 p->error_indicator = 1;
                 p->level--;
@@ -26350,7 +26295,7 @@ _tmp_13_rule(Parser *p)
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
         D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_13[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'=' annotated_rhs"));
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'from' expression"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
   done:
@@ -26358,9 +26303,9 @@ _tmp_13_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _loop1_14: (star_targets '=')
+// _loop0_14: ',' NAME
 static asdl_seq *
-_loop1_14_rule(Parser *p)
+_loop0_14_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -26380,18 +26325,27 @@ _loop1_14_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
     Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // (star_targets '=')
+    { // ',' NAME
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop1_14[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "(star_targets '=')"));
-        void *_tmp_245_var;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_14[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' NAME"));
+        Token * _literal;
+        expr_ty elem;
         while (
-            (_tmp_245_var = _tmp_245_rule(p))  // star_targets '='
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
+            &&
+            (elem = _PyPegen_name_token(p))  // NAME
         )
         {
-            _res = _tmp_245_var;
+            _res = elem;
+            if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+                p->error_indicator = 1;
+                PyMem_Free(_children);
+                p->level--;
+                return NULL;
+            }
             if (_n == _children_capacity) {
                 _children_capacity *= 2;
                 void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
@@ -26408,13 +26362,8 @@ _loop1_14_rule(Parser *p)
             _mark = p->mark;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop1_14[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "(star_targets '=')"));
-    }
-    if (_n == 0 || p->error_indicator) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_14[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "',' NAME"));
     }
     asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
     if (!_seq) {
@@ -26424,15 +26373,15 @@ _loop1_14_rule(Parser *p)
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
     PyMem_Free(_children);
     p->level--;
     return _seq;
 }
 
-// _tmp_15: yield_expr | star_expressions
-static void *
-_tmp_15_rule(Parser *p)
+// _gather_15: NAME _loop0_14
+static asdl_seq *
+_gather_15_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -26441,45 +26390,29 @@ _tmp_15_rule(Parser *p)
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    void * _res = NULL;
+    asdl_seq * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // yield_expr
+    { // NAME _loop0_14
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_15[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "yield_expr"));
-        expr_ty yield_expr_var;
-        if (
-            (yield_expr_var = yield_expr_rule(p))  // yield_expr
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_15[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "yield_expr"));
-            _res = yield_expr_var;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_15[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "yield_expr"));
-    }
-    { // star_expressions
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_15[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "star_expressions"));
-        expr_ty star_expressions_var;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _gather_15[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "NAME _loop0_14"));
+        expr_ty elem;
+        asdl_seq * seq;
         if (
-            (star_expressions_var = star_expressions_rule(p))  // star_expressions
+            (elem = _PyPegen_name_token(p))  // NAME
+            &&
+            (seq = _loop0_14_rule(p))  // _loop0_14
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_15[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "star_expressions"));
-            _res = star_expressions_var;
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _gather_15[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "NAME _loop0_14"));
+            _res = _PyPegen_seq_insert_in_front(p, elem, seq);
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_15[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "star_expressions"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _gather_15[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "NAME _loop0_14"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
   done:
@@ -26487,7 +26420,7 @@ _tmp_15_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _tmp_16: yield_expr | star_expressions
+// _tmp_16: ';' | NEWLINE
 static void *
 _tmp_16_rule(Parser *p)
 {
@@ -26500,43 +26433,43 @@ _tmp_16_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     void * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // yield_expr
+    { // ';'
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_16[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "yield_expr"));
-        expr_ty yield_expr_var;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_16[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "';'"));
+        Token * _literal;
         if (
-            (yield_expr_var = yield_expr_rule(p))  // yield_expr
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 13))  // token=';'
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_16[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "yield_expr"));
-            _res = yield_expr_var;
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_16[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "';'"));
+            _res = _literal;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
         D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_16[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "yield_expr"));
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "';'"));
     }
-    { // star_expressions
+    { // NEWLINE
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_16[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "star_expressions"));
-        expr_ty star_expressions_var;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_16[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "NEWLINE"));
+        Token * newline_var;
         if (
-            (star_expressions_var = star_expressions_rule(p))  // star_expressions
+            (newline_var = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, NEWLINE))  // token='NEWLINE'
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_16[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "star_expressions"));
-            _res = star_expressions_var;
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_16[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "NEWLINE"));
+            _res = newline_var;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
         D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_16[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "star_expressions"));
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "NEWLINE"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
   done:
@@ -26544,7 +26477,7 @@ _tmp_16_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _tmp_17: 'from' expression
+// _tmp_17: ',' expression
 static void *
 _tmp_17_rule(Parser *p)
 {
@@ -26557,21 +26490,21 @@ _tmp_17_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     void * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // 'from' expression
+    { // ',' expression
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_17[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'from' expression"));
-        Token * _keyword;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_17[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' expression"));
+        Token * _literal;
         expr_ty z;
         if (
-            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 621))  // token='from'
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
             &&
             (z = expression_rule(p))  // expression
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_17[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'from' expression"));
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_17[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' expression"));
             _res = z;
             if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
                 p->error_indicator = 1;
@@ -26582,7 +26515,7 @@ _tmp_17_rule(Parser *p)
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
         D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_17[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'from' expression"));
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "',' expression"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
   done:
@@ -26590,9 +26523,9 @@ _tmp_17_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _loop0_19: ',' NAME
+// _loop0_18: ('.' | '...')
 static asdl_seq *
-_loop0_19_rule(Parser *p)
+_loop0_18_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -26612,27 +26545,18 @@ _loop0_19_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
     Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // ',' NAME
+    { // ('.' | '...')
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_19[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' NAME"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        expr_ty elem;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_18[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "('.' | '...')"));
+        void *_tmp_151_var;
         while (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
-            &&
-            (elem = _PyPegen_name_token(p))  // NAME
+            (_tmp_151_var = _tmp_151_rule(p))  // '.' | '...'
         )
         {
-            _res = elem;
-            if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
-                p->error_indicator = 1;
-                PyMem_Free(_children);
-                p->level--;
-                return NULL;
-            }
+            _res = _tmp_151_var;
             if (_n == _children_capacity) {
                 _children_capacity *= 2;
                 void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
@@ -26649,8 +26573,8 @@ _loop0_19_rule(Parser *p)
             _mark = p->mark;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_19[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "',' NAME"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_18[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "('.' | '...')"));
     }
     asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
     if (!_seq) {
@@ -26660,15 +26584,15 @@ _loop0_19_rule(Parser *p)
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
     PyMem_Free(_children);
     p->level--;
     return _seq;
 }
 
-// _gather_18: NAME _loop0_19
+// _loop1_19: ('.' | '...')
 static asdl_seq *
-_gather_18_rule(Parser *p)
+_loop1_19_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -26677,39 +26601,70 @@ _gather_18_rule(Parser *p)
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    asdl_seq * _res = NULL;
+    void *_res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // NAME _loop0_19
+    void **_children = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(void *));
+    if (!_children) {
+        p->error_indicator = 1;
+        PyErr_NoMemory();
+        p->level--;
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
+    Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
+    { // ('.' | '...')
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _gather_18[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "NAME _loop0_19"));
-        expr_ty elem;
-        asdl_seq * seq;
-        if (
-            (elem = _PyPegen_name_token(p))  // NAME
-            &&
-            (seq = _loop0_19_rule(p))  // _loop0_19
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop1_19[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "('.' | '...')"));
+        void *_tmp_151_var;
+        while (
+            (_tmp_151_var = _tmp_151_rule(p))  // '.' | '...'
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _gather_18[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "NAME _loop0_19"));
-            _res = _PyPegen_seq_insert_in_front(p, elem, seq);
-            goto done;
+            _res = _tmp_151_var;
+            if (_n == _children_capacity) {
+                _children_capacity *= 2;
+                void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
+                if (!_new_children) {
+                    PyMem_Free(_children);
+                    p->error_indicator = 1;
+                    PyErr_NoMemory();
+                    p->level--;
+                    return NULL;
+                }
+                _children = _new_children;
+            }
+            _children[_n++] = _res;
+            _mark = p->mark;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _gather_18[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "NAME _loop0_19"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop1_19[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "('.' | '...')"));
     }
-    _res = NULL;
-  done:
+    if (_n == 0 || p->error_indicator) {
+        PyMem_Free(_children);
+        p->level--;
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
+    if (!_seq) {
+        PyMem_Free(_children);
+        p->error_indicator = 1;
+        PyErr_NoMemory();
+        p->level--;
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
+    PyMem_Free(_children);
     p->level--;
-    return _res;
+    return _seq;
 }
 
-// _loop0_21: ',' NAME
+// _loop0_20: ',' import_from_as_name
 static asdl_seq *
-_loop0_21_rule(Parser *p)
+_loop0_20_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -26729,18 +26684,18 @@ _loop0_21_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
     Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // ',' NAME
+    { // ',' import_from_as_name
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_21[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' NAME"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_20[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' import_from_as_name"));
         Token * _literal;
-        expr_ty elem;
+        alias_ty elem;
         while (
             (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
             &&
-            (elem = _PyPegen_name_token(p))  // NAME
+            (elem = import_from_as_name_rule(p))  // import_from_as_name
         )
         {
             _res = elem;
@@ -26766,8 +26721,8 @@ _loop0_21_rule(Parser *p)
             _mark = p->mark;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_21[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "',' NAME"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_20[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "',' import_from_as_name"));
     }
     asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
     if (!_seq) {
@@ -26777,15 +26732,15 @@ _loop0_21_rule(Parser *p)
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
     PyMem_Free(_children);
     p->level--;
     return _seq;
 }
 
-// _gather_20: NAME _loop0_21
+// _gather_21: import_from_as_name _loop0_20
 static asdl_seq *
-_gather_20_rule(Parser *p)
+_gather_21_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -26796,27 +26751,27 @@ _gather_20_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     asdl_seq * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // NAME _loop0_21
+    { // import_from_as_name _loop0_20
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _gather_20[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "NAME _loop0_21"));
-        expr_ty elem;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _gather_21[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "import_from_as_name _loop0_20"));
+        alias_ty elem;
         asdl_seq * seq;
         if (
-            (elem = _PyPegen_name_token(p))  // NAME
+            (elem = import_from_as_name_rule(p))  // import_from_as_name
             &&
-            (seq = _loop0_21_rule(p))  // _loop0_21
+            (seq = _loop0_20_rule(p))  // _loop0_20
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _gather_20[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "NAME _loop0_21"));
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _gather_21[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "import_from_as_name _loop0_20"));
             _res = _PyPegen_seq_insert_in_front(p, elem, seq);
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _gather_20[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "NAME _loop0_21"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _gather_21[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "import_from_as_name _loop0_20"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
   done:
@@ -26824,368 +26779,9 @@ _gather_20_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _tmp_22: ';' | NEWLINE
+// _tmp_22: 'as' NAME
 static void *
 _tmp_22_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void * _res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // ';'
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_22[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "';'"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 13))  // token=';'
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_22[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "';'"));
-            _res = _literal;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_22[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "';'"));
-    }
-    { // NEWLINE
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_22[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "NEWLINE"));
-        Token * newline_var;
-        if (
-            (newline_var = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, NEWLINE))  // token='NEWLINE'
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_22[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "NEWLINE"));
-            _res = newline_var;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_22[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "NEWLINE"));
-    }
-    _res = NULL;
-  done:
-    p->level--;
-    return _res;
-}
-
-// _tmp_23: ',' expression
-static void *
-_tmp_23_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void * _res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // ',' expression
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_23[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' expression"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        expr_ty z;
-        if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
-            &&
-            (z = expression_rule(p))  // expression
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_23[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' expression"));
-            _res = z;
-            if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
-                p->error_indicator = 1;
-                p->level--;
-                return NULL;
-            }
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_23[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "',' expression"));
-    }
-    _res = NULL;
-  done:
-    p->level--;
-    return _res;
-}
-
-// _loop0_24: ('.' | '...')
-static asdl_seq *
-_loop0_24_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void *_res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    void **_children = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(void *));
-    if (!_children) {
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
-    Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // ('.' | '...')
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_24[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "('.' | '...')"));
-        void *_tmp_246_var;
-        while (
-            (_tmp_246_var = _tmp_246_rule(p))  // '.' | '...'
-        )
-        {
-            _res = _tmp_246_var;
-            if (_n == _children_capacity) {
-                _children_capacity *= 2;
-                void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
-                if (!_new_children) {
-                    PyMem_Free(_children);
-                    p->error_indicator = 1;
-                    PyErr_NoMemory();
-                    p->level--;
-                    return NULL;
-                }
-                _children = _new_children;
-            }
-            _children[_n++] = _res;
-            _mark = p->mark;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_24[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "('.' | '...')"));
-    }
-    asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
-    if (!_seq) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
-    PyMem_Free(_children);
-    p->level--;
-    return _seq;
-}
-
-// _loop1_25: ('.' | '...')
-static asdl_seq *
-_loop1_25_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void *_res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    void **_children = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(void *));
-    if (!_children) {
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
-    Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // ('.' | '...')
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop1_25[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "('.' | '...')"));
-        void *_tmp_247_var;
-        while (
-            (_tmp_247_var = _tmp_247_rule(p))  // '.' | '...'
-        )
-        {
-            _res = _tmp_247_var;
-            if (_n == _children_capacity) {
-                _children_capacity *= 2;
-                void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
-                if (!_new_children) {
-                    PyMem_Free(_children);
-                    p->error_indicator = 1;
-                    PyErr_NoMemory();
-                    p->level--;
-                    return NULL;
-                }
-                _children = _new_children;
-            }
-            _children[_n++] = _res;
-            _mark = p->mark;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop1_25[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "('.' | '...')"));
-    }
-    if (_n == 0 || p->error_indicator) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
-    if (!_seq) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
-    PyMem_Free(_children);
-    p->level--;
-    return _seq;
-}
-
-// _loop0_27: ',' import_from_as_name
-static asdl_seq *
-_loop0_27_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void *_res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    void **_children = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(void *));
-    if (!_children) {
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
-    Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // ',' import_from_as_name
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_27[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' import_from_as_name"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        alias_ty elem;
-        while (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
-            &&
-            (elem = import_from_as_name_rule(p))  // import_from_as_name
-        )
-        {
-            _res = elem;
-            if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
-                p->error_indicator = 1;
-                PyMem_Free(_children);
-                p->level--;
-                return NULL;
-            }
-            if (_n == _children_capacity) {
-                _children_capacity *= 2;
-                void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
-                if (!_new_children) {
-                    PyMem_Free(_children);
-                    p->error_indicator = 1;
-                    PyErr_NoMemory();
-                    p->level--;
-                    return NULL;
-                }
-                _children = _new_children;
-            }
-            _children[_n++] = _res;
-            _mark = p->mark;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_27[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "',' import_from_as_name"));
-    }
-    asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
-    if (!_seq) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
-    PyMem_Free(_children);
-    p->level--;
-    return _seq;
-}
-
-// _gather_26: import_from_as_name _loop0_27
-static asdl_seq *
-_gather_26_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    asdl_seq * _res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // import_from_as_name _loop0_27
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _gather_26[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "import_from_as_name _loop0_27"));
-        alias_ty elem;
-        asdl_seq * seq;
-        if (
-            (elem = import_from_as_name_rule(p))  // import_from_as_name
-            &&
-            (seq = _loop0_27_rule(p))  // _loop0_27
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _gather_26[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "import_from_as_name _loop0_27"));
-            _res = _PyPegen_seq_insert_in_front(p, elem, seq);
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _gather_26[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "import_from_as_name _loop0_27"));
-    }
-    _res = NULL;
-  done:
-    p->level--;
-    return _res;
-}
-
-// _tmp_28: 'as' NAME
-static void *
-_tmp_28_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -27201,16 +26797,16 @@ _tmp_28_rule(Parser *p)
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_28[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'as' NAME"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_22[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'as' NAME"));
         Token * _keyword;
         expr_ty z;
         if (
-            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 658))  // token='as'
+            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 666))  // token='as'
             &&
             (z = _PyPegen_name_token(p))  // NAME
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_28[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'as' NAME"));
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_22[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'as' NAME"));
             _res = z;
             if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
                 p->error_indicator = 1;
@@ -27220,7 +26816,7 @@ _tmp_28_rule(Parser *p)
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_28[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_22[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
                   p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'as' NAME"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
@@ -27229,9 +26825,9 @@ _tmp_28_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _loop0_30: ',' dotted_as_name
+// _loop0_23: ',' dotted_as_name
 static asdl_seq *
-_loop0_30_rule(Parser *p)
+_loop0_23_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -27256,7 +26852,7 @@ _loop0_30_rule(Parser *p)
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_30[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' dotted_as_name"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_23[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' dotted_as_name"));
         Token * _literal;
         alias_ty elem;
         while (
@@ -27288,7 +26884,7 @@ _loop0_30_rule(Parser *p)
             _mark = p->mark;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_30[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_23[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
                   p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "',' dotted_as_name"));
     }
     asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
@@ -27299,15 +26895,15 @@ _loop0_30_rule(Parser *p)
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
     PyMem_Free(_children);
     p->level--;
     return _seq;
 }
 
-// _gather_29: dotted_as_name _loop0_30
+// _gather_24: dotted_as_name _loop0_23
 static asdl_seq *
-_gather_29_rule(Parser *p)
+_gather_24_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -27318,73 +26914,27 @@ _gather_29_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     asdl_seq * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // dotted_as_name _loop0_30
+    { // dotted_as_name _loop0_23
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _gather_29[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "dotted_as_name _loop0_30"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _gather_24[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "dotted_as_name _loop0_23"));
         alias_ty elem;
         asdl_seq * seq;
         if (
             (elem = dotted_as_name_rule(p))  // dotted_as_name
             &&
-            (seq = _loop0_30_rule(p))  // _loop0_30
+            (seq = _loop0_23_rule(p))  // _loop0_23
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _gather_29[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "dotted_as_name _loop0_30"));
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _gather_24[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "dotted_as_name _loop0_23"));
             _res = _PyPegen_seq_insert_in_front(p, elem, seq);
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _gather_29[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "dotted_as_name _loop0_30"));
-    }
-    _res = NULL;
-  done:
-    p->level--;
-    return _res;
-}
-
-// _tmp_31: 'as' NAME
-static void *
-_tmp_31_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void * _res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // 'as' NAME
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_31[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'as' NAME"));
-        Token * _keyword;
-        expr_ty z;
-        if (
-            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 658))  // token='as'
-            &&
-            (z = _PyPegen_name_token(p))  // NAME
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_31[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'as' NAME"));
-            _res = z;
-            if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
-                p->error_indicator = 1;
-                p->level--;
-                return NULL;
-            }
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_31[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'as' NAME"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _gather_24[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "dotted_as_name _loop0_23"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
   done:
@@ -27392,9 +26942,9 @@ _tmp_31_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _loop1_32: ('@' named_expression NEWLINE)
+// _loop1_25: ('@' named_expression NEWLINE)
 static asdl_seq *
-_loop1_32_rule(Parser *p)
+_loop1_25_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -27419,13 +26969,13 @@ _loop1_32_rule(Parser *p)
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop1_32[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "('@' named_expression NEWLINE)"));
-        void *_tmp_248_var;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop1_25[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "('@' named_expression NEWLINE)"));
+        void *_tmp_152_var;
         while (
-            (_tmp_248_var = _tmp_248_rule(p))  // '@' named_expression NEWLINE
+            (_tmp_152_var = _tmp_152_rule(p))  // '@' named_expression NEWLINE
         )
         {
-            _res = _tmp_248_var;
+            _res = _tmp_152_var;
             if (_n == _children_capacity) {
                 _children_capacity *= 2;
                 void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
@@ -27442,7 +26992,7 @@ _loop1_32_rule(Parser *p)
             _mark = p->mark;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop1_32[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop1_25[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
                   p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "('@' named_expression NEWLINE)"));
     }
     if (_n == 0 || p->error_indicator) {
@@ -27458,15 +27008,15 @@ _loop1_32_rule(Parser *p)
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
     PyMem_Free(_children);
     p->level--;
     return _seq;
 }
 
-// _tmp_33: '(' arguments? ')'
+// _tmp_26: '(' arguments? ')'
 static void *
-_tmp_33_rule(Parser *p)
+_tmp_26_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -27482,7 +27032,7 @@ _tmp_33_rule(Parser *p)
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_33[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'(' arguments? ')'"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_26[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'(' arguments? ')'"));
         Token * _literal;
         Token * _literal_1;
         void *z;
@@ -27494,7 +27044,7 @@ _tmp_33_rule(Parser *p)
             (_literal_1 = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 8))  // token=')'
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_33[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'(' arguments? ')'"));
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_26[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'(' arguments? ')'"));
             _res = z;
             if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
                 p->error_indicator = 1;
@@ -27504,7 +27054,7 @@ _tmp_33_rule(Parser *p)
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_33[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_26[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
                   p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'(' arguments? ')'"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
@@ -27513,55 +27063,9 @@ _tmp_33_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _tmp_34: '->' expression
-static void *
-_tmp_34_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void * _res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // '->' expression
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_34[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'->' expression"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        expr_ty z;
-        if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 51))  // token='->'
-            &&
-            (z = expression_rule(p))  // expression
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_34[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'->' expression"));
-            _res = z;
-            if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
-                p->error_indicator = 1;
-                p->level--;
-                return NULL;
-            }
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_34[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'->' expression"));
-    }
-    _res = NULL;
-  done:
-    p->level--;
-    return _res;
-}
-
-// _tmp_35: '->' expression
+// _tmp_27: '->' expression
 static void *
-_tmp_35_rule(Parser *p)
+_tmp_27_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -27577,7 +27081,7 @@ _tmp_35_rule(Parser *p)
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_35[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'->' expression"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_27[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'->' expression"));
         Token * _literal;
         expr_ty z;
         if (
@@ -27586,7 +27090,7 @@ _tmp_35_rule(Parser *p)
             (z = expression_rule(p))  // expression
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_35[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'->' expression"));
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_27[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'->' expression"));
             _res = z;
             if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
                 p->error_indicator = 1;
@@ -27596,7 +27100,7 @@ _tmp_35_rule(Parser *p)
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_35[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_27[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
                   p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'->' expression"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
@@ -27605,9 +27109,9 @@ _tmp_35_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _loop0_36: param_no_default
+// _loop0_28: param_no_default
 static asdl_seq *
-_loop0_36_rule(Parser *p)
+_loop0_28_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -27632,7 +27136,7 @@ _loop0_36_rule(Parser *p)
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_36[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "param_no_default"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_28[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "param_no_default"));
         arg_ty param_no_default_var;
         while (
             (param_no_default_var = param_no_default_rule(p))  // param_no_default
@@ -27655,7 +27159,7 @@ _loop0_36_rule(Parser *p)
             _mark = p->mark;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_36[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_28[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
                   p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "param_no_default"));
     }
     asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
@@ -27666,15 +27170,15 @@ _loop0_36_rule(Parser *p)
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
     PyMem_Free(_children);
     p->level--;
     return _seq;
 }
 
-// _loop0_37: param_with_default
+// _loop0_29: param_with_default
 static asdl_seq *
-_loop0_37_rule(Parser *p)
+_loop0_29_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -27699,7 +27203,7 @@ _loop0_37_rule(Parser *p)
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_37[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "param_with_default"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_29[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "param_with_default"));
         NameDefaultPair* param_with_default_var;
         while (
             (param_with_default_var = param_with_default_rule(p))  // param_with_default
@@ -27722,7 +27226,7 @@ _loop0_37_rule(Parser *p)
             _mark = p->mark;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_37[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_29[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
                   p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "param_with_default"));
     }
     asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
@@ -27733,15 +27237,15 @@ _loop0_37_rule(Parser *p)
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
     PyMem_Free(_children);
     p->level--;
     return _seq;
 }
 
-// _loop0_38: param_with_default
+// _loop1_30: param_no_default
 static asdl_seq *
-_loop0_38_rule(Parser *p)
+_loop1_30_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -27761,18 +27265,18 @@ _loop0_38_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
     Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // param_with_default
+    { // param_no_default
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_38[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "param_with_default"));
-        NameDefaultPair* param_with_default_var;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop1_30[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "param_no_default"));
+        arg_ty param_no_default_var;
         while (
-            (param_with_default_var = param_with_default_rule(p))  // param_with_default
+            (param_no_default_var = param_no_default_rule(p))  // param_no_default
         )
         {
-            _res = param_with_default_var;
+            _res = param_no_default_var;
             if (_n == _children_capacity) {
                 _children_capacity *= 2;
                 void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
@@ -27789,8 +27293,13 @@ _loop0_38_rule(Parser *p)
             _mark = p->mark;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_38[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "param_with_default"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop1_30[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "param_no_default"));
+    }
+    if (_n == 0 || p->error_indicator) {
+        PyMem_Free(_children);
+        p->level--;
+        return NULL;
     }
     asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
     if (!_seq) {
@@ -27800,15 +27309,15 @@ _loop0_38_rule(Parser *p)
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
     PyMem_Free(_children);
     p->level--;
     return _seq;
 }
 
-// _loop1_39: param_no_default
+// _loop1_31: param_with_default
 static asdl_seq *
-_loop1_39_rule(Parser *p)
+_loop1_31_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -27828,18 +27337,18 @@ _loop1_39_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
     Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // param_no_default
+    { // param_with_default
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop1_39[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "param_no_default"));
-        arg_ty param_no_default_var;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop1_31[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "param_with_default"));
+        NameDefaultPair* param_with_default_var;
         while (
-            (param_no_default_var = param_no_default_rule(p))  // param_no_default
+            (param_with_default_var = param_with_default_rule(p))  // param_with_default
         )
         {
-            _res = param_no_default_var;
+            _res = param_with_default_var;
             if (_n == _children_capacity) {
                 _children_capacity *= 2;
                 void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
@@ -27856,8 +27365,8 @@ _loop1_39_rule(Parser *p)
             _mark = p->mark;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop1_39[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "param_no_default"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop1_31[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "param_with_default"));
     }
     if (_n == 0 || p->error_indicator) {
         PyMem_Free(_children);
@@ -27872,15 +27381,15 @@ _loop1_39_rule(Parser *p)
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
     PyMem_Free(_children);
     p->level--;
     return _seq;
 }
 
-// _loop0_40: param_with_default
+// _loop0_32: param_maybe_default
 static asdl_seq *
-_loop0_40_rule(Parser *p)
+_loop0_32_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -27900,18 +27409,18 @@ _loop0_40_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
     Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // param_with_default
+    { // param_maybe_default
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_40[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "param_with_default"));
-        NameDefaultPair* param_with_default_var;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_32[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "param_maybe_default"));
+        NameDefaultPair* param_maybe_default_var;
         while (
-            (param_with_default_var = param_with_default_rule(p))  // param_with_default
+            (param_maybe_default_var = param_maybe_default_rule(p))  // param_maybe_default
         )
         {
-            _res = param_with_default_var;
+            _res = param_maybe_default_var;
             if (_n == _children_capacity) {
                 _children_capacity *= 2;
                 void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
@@ -27928,8 +27437,8 @@ _loop0_40_rule(Parser *p)
             _mark = p->mark;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_40[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "param_with_default"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_32[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "param_maybe_default"));
     }
     asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
     if (!_seq) {
@@ -27939,15 +27448,15 @@ _loop0_40_rule(Parser *p)
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
     PyMem_Free(_children);
     p->level--;
     return _seq;
 }
 
-// _loop1_41: param_with_default
+// _loop1_33: param_maybe_default
 static asdl_seq *
-_loop1_41_rule(Parser *p)
+_loop1_33_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -27967,18 +27476,18 @@ _loop1_41_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
     Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // param_with_default
+    { // param_maybe_default
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop1_41[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "param_with_default"));
-        NameDefaultPair* param_with_default_var;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop1_33[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "param_maybe_default"));
+        NameDefaultPair* param_maybe_default_var;
         while (
-            (param_with_default_var = param_with_default_rule(p))  // param_with_default
+            (param_maybe_default_var = param_maybe_default_rule(p))  // param_maybe_default
         )
         {
-            _res = param_with_default_var;
+            _res = param_maybe_default_var;
             if (_n == _children_capacity) {
                 _children_capacity *= 2;
                 void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
@@ -27995,8 +27504,8 @@ _loop1_41_rule(Parser *p)
             _mark = p->mark;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop1_41[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "param_with_default"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop1_33[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "param_maybe_default"));
     }
     if (_n == 0 || p->error_indicator) {
         PyMem_Free(_children);
@@ -28011,15 +27520,15 @@ _loop1_41_rule(Parser *p)
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
     PyMem_Free(_children);
     p->level--;
     return _seq;
 }
 
-// _loop1_42: param_no_default
+// _loop0_34: ',' with_item
 static asdl_seq *
-_loop1_42_rule(Parser *p)
+_loop0_34_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -28039,18 +27548,27 @@ _loop1_42_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
     Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // param_no_default
+    { // ',' with_item
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop1_42[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "param_no_default"));
-        arg_ty param_no_default_var;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_34[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' with_item"));
+        Token * _literal;
+        withitem_ty elem;
         while (
-            (param_no_default_var = param_no_default_rule(p))  // param_no_default
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
+            &&
+            (elem = with_item_rule(p))  // with_item
         )
         {
-            _res = param_no_default_var;
+            _res = elem;
+            if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+                p->error_indicator = 1;
+                PyMem_Free(_children);
+                p->level--;
+                return NULL;
+            }
             if (_n == _children_capacity) {
                 _children_capacity *= 2;
                 void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
@@ -28067,13 +27585,8 @@ _loop1_42_rule(Parser *p)
             _mark = p->mark;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop1_42[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "param_no_default"));
-    }
-    if (_n == 0 || p->error_indicator) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_34[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "',' with_item"));
     }
     asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
     if (!_seq) {
@@ -28083,15 +27596,15 @@ _loop1_42_rule(Parser *p)
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
     PyMem_Free(_children);
     p->level--;
     return _seq;
 }
 
-// _loop1_43: param_no_default
+// _gather_35: with_item _loop0_34
 static asdl_seq *
-_loop1_43_rule(Parser *p)
+_gather_35_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -28100,70 +27613,39 @@ _loop1_43_rule(Parser *p)
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    void *_res = NULL;
+    asdl_seq * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    void **_children = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(void *));
-    if (!_children) {
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
-    Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // param_no_default
+    { // with_item _loop0_34
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop1_43[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "param_no_default"));
-        arg_ty param_no_default_var;
-        while (
-            (param_no_default_var = param_no_default_rule(p))  // param_no_default
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _gather_35[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "with_item _loop0_34"));
+        withitem_ty elem;
+        asdl_seq * seq;
+        if (
+            (elem = with_item_rule(p))  // with_item
+            &&
+            (seq = _loop0_34_rule(p))  // _loop0_34
         )
         {
-            _res = param_no_default_var;
-            if (_n == _children_capacity) {
-                _children_capacity *= 2;
-                void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
-                if (!_new_children) {
-                    PyMem_Free(_children);
-                    p->error_indicator = 1;
-                    PyErr_NoMemory();
-                    p->level--;
-                    return NULL;
-                }
-                _children = _new_children;
-            }
-            _children[_n++] = _res;
-            _mark = p->mark;
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _gather_35[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "with_item _loop0_34"));
+            _res = _PyPegen_seq_insert_in_front(p, elem, seq);
+            goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop1_43[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "param_no_default"));
-    }
-    if (_n == 0 || p->error_indicator) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
-    if (!_seq) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _gather_35[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "with_item _loop0_34"));
     }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
-    PyMem_Free(_children);
+    _res = NULL;
+  done:
     p->level--;
-    return _seq;
+    return _res;
 }
 
-// _loop0_44: param_no_default
-static asdl_seq *
-_loop0_44_rule(Parser *p)
+// _tmp_36: ',' | ')' | ':'
+static void *
+_tmp_36_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -28172,65 +27654,74 @@ _loop0_44_rule(Parser *p)
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    void *_res = NULL;
+    void * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    void **_children = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(void *));
-    if (!_children) {
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
+    { // ','
+        if (p->error_indicator) {
+            p->level--;
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_36[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "','"));
+        Token * _literal;
+        if (
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
+        )
+        {
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_36[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "','"));
+            _res = _literal;
+            goto done;
+        }
+        p->mark = _mark;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_36[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "','"));
     }
-    Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
-    Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // param_no_default
+    { // ')'
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_44[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "param_no_default"));
-        arg_ty param_no_default_var;
-        while (
-            (param_no_default_var = param_no_default_rule(p))  // param_no_default
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_36[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "')'"));
+        Token * _literal;
+        if (
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 8))  // token=')'
         )
         {
-            _res = param_no_default_var;
-            if (_n == _children_capacity) {
-                _children_capacity *= 2;
-                void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
-                if (!_new_children) {
-                    PyMem_Free(_children);
-                    p->error_indicator = 1;
-                    PyErr_NoMemory();
-                    p->level--;
-                    return NULL;
-                }
-                _children = _new_children;
-            }
-            _children[_n++] = _res;
-            _mark = p->mark;
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_36[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "')'"));
+            _res = _literal;
+            goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_44[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "param_no_default"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_36[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "')'"));
     }
-    asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
-    if (!_seq) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
+    { // ':'
+        if (p->error_indicator) {
+            p->level--;
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_36[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "':'"));
+        Token * _literal;
+        if (
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 11))  // token=':'
+        )
+        {
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_36[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "':'"));
+            _res = _literal;
+            goto done;
+        }
+        p->mark = _mark;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_36[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "':'"));
     }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
-    PyMem_Free(_children);
+    _res = NULL;
+  done:
     p->level--;
-    return _seq;
+    return _res;
 }
 
-// _loop1_45: param_with_default
+// _loop1_37: except_block
 static asdl_seq *
-_loop1_45_rule(Parser *p)
+_loop1_37_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -28250,18 +27741,18 @@ _loop1_45_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
     Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // param_with_default
+    { // except_block
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop1_45[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "param_with_default"));
-        NameDefaultPair* param_with_default_var;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop1_37[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "except_block"));
+        excepthandler_ty except_block_var;
         while (
-            (param_with_default_var = param_with_default_rule(p))  // param_with_default
+            (except_block_var = except_block_rule(p))  // except_block
         )
         {
-            _res = param_with_default_var;
+            _res = except_block_var;
             if (_n == _children_capacity) {
                 _children_capacity *= 2;
                 void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
@@ -28278,8 +27769,8 @@ _loop1_45_rule(Parser *p)
             _mark = p->mark;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop1_45[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "param_with_default"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop1_37[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "except_block"));
     }
     if (_n == 0 || p->error_indicator) {
         PyMem_Free(_children);
@@ -28294,15 +27785,15 @@ _loop1_45_rule(Parser *p)
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
     PyMem_Free(_children);
     p->level--;
     return _seq;
 }
 
-// _loop0_46: param_no_default
+// _loop1_38: except_star_block
 static asdl_seq *
-_loop0_46_rule(Parser *p)
+_loop1_38_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -28322,18 +27813,18 @@ _loop0_46_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
     Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // param_no_default
+    { // except_star_block
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_46[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "param_no_default"));
-        arg_ty param_no_default_var;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop1_38[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "except_star_block"));
+        excepthandler_ty except_star_block_var;
         while (
-            (param_no_default_var = param_no_default_rule(p))  // param_no_default
+            (except_star_block_var = except_star_block_rule(p))  // except_star_block
         )
         {
-            _res = param_no_default_var;
+            _res = except_star_block_var;
             if (_n == _children_capacity) {
                 _children_capacity *= 2;
                 void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
@@ -28350,8 +27841,13 @@ _loop0_46_rule(Parser *p)
             _mark = p->mark;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_46[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "param_no_default"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop1_38[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "except_star_block"));
+    }
+    if (_n == 0 || p->error_indicator) {
+        PyMem_Free(_children);
+        p->level--;
+        return NULL;
     }
     asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
     if (!_seq) {
@@ -28361,15 +27857,15 @@ _loop0_46_rule(Parser *p)
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
     PyMem_Free(_children);
     p->level--;
     return _seq;
 }
 
-// _loop1_47: param_with_default
+// _loop1_39: case_block
 static asdl_seq *
-_loop1_47_rule(Parser *p)
+_loop1_39_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -28389,18 +27885,18 @@ _loop1_47_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
     Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // param_with_default
+    { // case_block
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop1_47[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "param_with_default"));
-        NameDefaultPair* param_with_default_var;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop1_39[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "case_block"));
+        match_case_ty case_block_var;
         while (
-            (param_with_default_var = param_with_default_rule(p))  // param_with_default
+            (case_block_var = case_block_rule(p))  // case_block
         )
         {
-            _res = param_with_default_var;
+            _res = case_block_var;
             if (_n == _children_capacity) {
                 _children_capacity *= 2;
                 void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
@@ -28417,8 +27913,8 @@ _loop1_47_rule(Parser *p)
             _mark = p->mark;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop1_47[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "param_with_default"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop1_39[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "case_block"));
     }
     if (_n == 0 || p->error_indicator) {
         PyMem_Free(_children);
@@ -28433,15 +27929,15 @@ _loop1_47_rule(Parser *p)
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
     PyMem_Free(_children);
     p->level--;
     return _seq;
 }
 
-// _loop0_48: param_maybe_default
+// _loop0_40: '|' closed_pattern
 static asdl_seq *
-_loop0_48_rule(Parser *p)
+_loop0_40_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -28461,18 +27957,27 @@ _loop0_48_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
     Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // param_maybe_default
+    { // '|' closed_pattern
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_48[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "param_maybe_default"));
-        NameDefaultPair* param_maybe_default_var;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_40[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'|' closed_pattern"));
+        Token * _literal;
+        pattern_ty elem;
         while (
-            (param_maybe_default_var = param_maybe_default_rule(p))  // param_maybe_default
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 18))  // token='|'
+            &&
+            (elem = closed_pattern_rule(p))  // closed_pattern
         )
         {
-            _res = param_maybe_default_var;
+            _res = elem;
+            if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+                p->error_indicator = 1;
+                PyMem_Free(_children);
+                p->level--;
+                return NULL;
+            }
             if (_n == _children_capacity) {
                 _children_capacity *= 2;
                 void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
@@ -28489,8 +27994,8 @@ _loop0_48_rule(Parser *p)
             _mark = p->mark;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_48[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "param_maybe_default"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_40[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'|' closed_pattern"));
     }
     asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
     if (!_seq) {
@@ -28500,15 +28005,15 @@ _loop0_48_rule(Parser *p)
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
     PyMem_Free(_children);
     p->level--;
     return _seq;
 }
 
-// _loop0_49: param_maybe_default
+// _gather_41: closed_pattern _loop0_40
 static asdl_seq *
-_loop0_49_rule(Parser *p)
+_gather_41_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -28517,65 +28022,172 @@ _loop0_49_rule(Parser *p)
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    void *_res = NULL;
+    asdl_seq * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    void **_children = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(void *));
-    if (!_children) {
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
+    { // closed_pattern _loop0_40
+        if (p->error_indicator) {
+            p->level--;
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _gather_41[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "closed_pattern _loop0_40"));
+        pattern_ty elem;
+        asdl_seq * seq;
+        if (
+            (elem = closed_pattern_rule(p))  // closed_pattern
+            &&
+            (seq = _loop0_40_rule(p))  // _loop0_40
+        )
+        {
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _gather_41[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "closed_pattern _loop0_40"));
+            _res = _PyPegen_seq_insert_in_front(p, elem, seq);
+            goto done;
+        }
+        p->mark = _mark;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _gather_41[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "closed_pattern _loop0_40"));
+    }
+    _res = NULL;
+  done:
+    p->level--;
+    return _res;
+}
+
+// _tmp_42: '+' | '-'
+static void *
+_tmp_42_rule(Parser *p)
+{
+    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
+        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
+    }
+    if (p->error_indicator) {
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
-    Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // param_maybe_default
+    void * _res = NULL;
+    int _mark = p->mark;
+    { // '+'
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_49[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "param_maybe_default"));
-        NameDefaultPair* param_maybe_default_var;
-        while (
-            (param_maybe_default_var = param_maybe_default_rule(p))  // param_maybe_default
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_42[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'+'"));
+        Token * _literal;
+        if (
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 14))  // token='+'
         )
         {
-            _res = param_maybe_default_var;
-            if (_n == _children_capacity) {
-                _children_capacity *= 2;
-                void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
-                if (!_new_children) {
-                    PyMem_Free(_children);
-                    p->error_indicator = 1;
-                    PyErr_NoMemory();
-                    p->level--;
-                    return NULL;
-                }
-                _children = _new_children;
-            }
-            _children[_n++] = _res;
-            _mark = p->mark;
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_42[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'+'"));
+            _res = _literal;
+            goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_49[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "param_maybe_default"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_42[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'+'"));
     }
-    asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
-    if (!_seq) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
+    { // '-'
+        if (p->error_indicator) {
+            p->level--;
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_42[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'-'"));
+        Token * _literal;
+        if (
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 15))  // token='-'
+        )
+        {
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_42[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'-'"));
+            _res = _literal;
+            goto done;
+        }
+        p->mark = _mark;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_42[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'-'"));
+    }
+    _res = NULL;
+  done:
+    p->level--;
+    return _res;
+}
+
+// _tmp_43: '.' | '(' | '='
+static void *
+_tmp_43_rule(Parser *p)
+{
+    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
+        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
+    }
+    if (p->error_indicator) {
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
-    PyMem_Free(_children);
+    void * _res = NULL;
+    int _mark = p->mark;
+    { // '.'
+        if (p->error_indicator) {
+            p->level--;
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_43[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'.'"));
+        Token * _literal;
+        if (
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 23))  // token='.'
+        )
+        {
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_43[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'.'"));
+            _res = _literal;
+            goto done;
+        }
+        p->mark = _mark;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_43[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'.'"));
+    }
+    { // '('
+        if (p->error_indicator) {
+            p->level--;
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_43[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'('"));
+        Token * _literal;
+        if (
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 7))  // token='('
+        )
+        {
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_43[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'('"));
+            _res = _literal;
+            goto done;
+        }
+        p->mark = _mark;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_43[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'('"));
+    }
+    { // '='
+        if (p->error_indicator) {
+            p->level--;
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_43[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'='"));
+        Token * _literal;
+        if (
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 22))  // token='='
+        )
+        {
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_43[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'='"));
+            _res = _literal;
+            goto done;
+        }
+        p->mark = _mark;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_43[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'='"));
+    }
+    _res = NULL;
+  done:
     p->level--;
-    return _seq;
+    return _res;
 }
 
-// _loop1_50: param_maybe_default
+// _loop0_44: ',' maybe_star_pattern
 static asdl_seq *
-_loop1_50_rule(Parser *p)
+_loop0_44_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -28595,18 +28207,27 @@ _loop1_50_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
     Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // param_maybe_default
+    { // ',' maybe_star_pattern
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop1_50[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "param_maybe_default"));
-        NameDefaultPair* param_maybe_default_var;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_44[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' maybe_star_pattern"));
+        Token * _literal;
+        pattern_ty elem;
         while (
-            (param_maybe_default_var = param_maybe_default_rule(p))  // param_maybe_default
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
+            &&
+            (elem = maybe_star_pattern_rule(p))  // maybe_star_pattern
         )
         {
-            _res = param_maybe_default_var;
+            _res = elem;
+            if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+                p->error_indicator = 1;
+                PyMem_Free(_children);
+                p->level--;
+                return NULL;
+            }
             if (_n == _children_capacity) {
                 _children_capacity *= 2;
                 void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
@@ -28623,13 +28244,8 @@ _loop1_50_rule(Parser *p)
             _mark = p->mark;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop1_50[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "param_maybe_default"));
-    }
-    if (_n == 0 || p->error_indicator) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_44[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "',' maybe_star_pattern"));
     }
     asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
     if (!_seq) {
@@ -28639,15 +28255,56 @@ _loop1_50_rule(Parser *p)
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
     PyMem_Free(_children);
     p->level--;
     return _seq;
 }
 
-// _loop0_52: ',' with_item
+// _gather_45: maybe_star_pattern _loop0_44
+static asdl_seq *
+_gather_45_rule(Parser *p)
+{
+    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
+        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
+    }
+    if (p->error_indicator) {
+        p->level--;
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    asdl_seq * _res = NULL;
+    int _mark = p->mark;
+    { // maybe_star_pattern _loop0_44
+        if (p->error_indicator) {
+            p->level--;
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _gather_45[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "maybe_star_pattern _loop0_44"));
+        pattern_ty elem;
+        asdl_seq * seq;
+        if (
+            (elem = maybe_star_pattern_rule(p))  // maybe_star_pattern
+            &&
+            (seq = _loop0_44_rule(p))  // _loop0_44
+        )
+        {
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _gather_45[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "maybe_star_pattern _loop0_44"));
+            _res = _PyPegen_seq_insert_in_front(p, elem, seq);
+            goto done;
+        }
+        p->mark = _mark;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _gather_45[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "maybe_star_pattern _loop0_44"));
+    }
+    _res = NULL;
+  done:
+    p->level--;
+    return _res;
+}
+
+// _loop0_46: ',' key_value_pattern
 static asdl_seq *
-_loop0_52_rule(Parser *p)
+_loop0_46_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -28667,18 +28324,18 @@ _loop0_52_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
     Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // ',' with_item
+    { // ',' key_value_pattern
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_52[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' with_item"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_46[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' key_value_pattern"));
         Token * _literal;
-        withitem_ty elem;
+        KeyPatternPair* elem;
         while (
             (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
             &&
-            (elem = with_item_rule(p))  // with_item
+            (elem = key_value_pattern_rule(p))  // key_value_pattern
         )
         {
             _res = elem;
@@ -28704,8 +28361,8 @@ _loop0_52_rule(Parser *p)
             _mark = p->mark;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_52[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "',' with_item"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_46[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "',' key_value_pattern"));
     }
     asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
     if (!_seq) {
@@ -28715,15 +28372,15 @@ _loop0_52_rule(Parser *p)
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
     PyMem_Free(_children);
     p->level--;
     return _seq;
 }
 
-// _gather_51: with_item _loop0_52
+// _gather_47: key_value_pattern _loop0_46
 static asdl_seq *
-_gather_51_rule(Parser *p)
+_gather_47_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -28734,27 +28391,84 @@ _gather_51_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     asdl_seq * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // with_item _loop0_52
+    { // key_value_pattern _loop0_46
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _gather_51[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "with_item _loop0_52"));
-        withitem_ty elem;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _gather_47[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "key_value_pattern _loop0_46"));
+        KeyPatternPair* elem;
         asdl_seq * seq;
         if (
-            (elem = with_item_rule(p))  // with_item
+            (elem = key_value_pattern_rule(p))  // key_value_pattern
             &&
-            (seq = _loop0_52_rule(p))  // _loop0_52
+            (seq = _loop0_46_rule(p))  // _loop0_46
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _gather_51[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "with_item _loop0_52"));
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _gather_47[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "key_value_pattern _loop0_46"));
             _res = _PyPegen_seq_insert_in_front(p, elem, seq);
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _gather_51[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "with_item _loop0_52"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _gather_47[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "key_value_pattern _loop0_46"));
+    }
+    _res = NULL;
+  done:
+    p->level--;
+    return _res;
+}
+
+// _tmp_48: literal_expr | attr
+static void *
+_tmp_48_rule(Parser *p)
+{
+    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
+        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
+    }
+    if (p->error_indicator) {
+        p->level--;
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    void * _res = NULL;
+    int _mark = p->mark;
+    { // literal_expr
+        if (p->error_indicator) {
+            p->level--;
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_48[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "literal_expr"));
+        expr_ty literal_expr_var;
+        if (
+            (literal_expr_var = literal_expr_rule(p))  // literal_expr
+        )
+        {
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_48[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "literal_expr"));
+            _res = literal_expr_var;
+            goto done;
+        }
+        p->mark = _mark;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_48[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "literal_expr"));
+    }
+    { // attr
+        if (p->error_indicator) {
+            p->level--;
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_48[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "attr"));
+        expr_ty attr_var;
+        if (
+            (attr_var = attr_rule(p))  // attr
+        )
+        {
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_48[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "attr"));
+            _res = attr_var;
+            goto done;
+        }
+        p->mark = _mark;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_48[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "attr"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
   done:
@@ -28762,9 +28476,9 @@ _gather_51_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _loop0_54: ',' with_item
+// _loop0_49: ',' pattern
 static asdl_seq *
-_loop0_54_rule(Parser *p)
+_loop0_49_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -28784,18 +28498,18 @@ _loop0_54_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
     Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // ',' with_item
+    { // ',' pattern
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_54[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' with_item"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_49[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' pattern"));
         Token * _literal;
-        withitem_ty elem;
+        pattern_ty elem;
         while (
             (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
             &&
-            (elem = with_item_rule(p))  // with_item
+            (elem = pattern_rule(p))  // pattern
         )
         {
             _res = elem;
@@ -28821,8 +28535,8 @@ _loop0_54_rule(Parser *p)
             _mark = p->mark;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_54[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "',' with_item"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_49[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "',' pattern"));
     }
     asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
     if (!_seq) {
@@ -28832,15 +28546,15 @@ _loop0_54_rule(Parser *p)
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
     PyMem_Free(_children);
     p->level--;
     return _seq;
 }
 
-// _gather_53: with_item _loop0_54
+// _gather_50: pattern _loop0_49
 static asdl_seq *
-_gather_53_rule(Parser *p)
+_gather_50_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -28851,27 +28565,27 @@ _gather_53_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     asdl_seq * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // with_item _loop0_54
+    { // pattern _loop0_49
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _gather_53[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "with_item _loop0_54"));
-        withitem_ty elem;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _gather_50[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "pattern _loop0_49"));
+        pattern_ty elem;
         asdl_seq * seq;
         if (
-            (elem = with_item_rule(p))  // with_item
+            (elem = pattern_rule(p))  // pattern
             &&
-            (seq = _loop0_54_rule(p))  // _loop0_54
+            (seq = _loop0_49_rule(p))  // _loop0_49
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _gather_53[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "with_item _loop0_54"));
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _gather_50[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "pattern _loop0_49"));
             _res = _PyPegen_seq_insert_in_front(p, elem, seq);
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _gather_53[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "with_item _loop0_54"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _gather_50[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "pattern _loop0_49"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
   done:
@@ -28879,9 +28593,9 @@ _gather_53_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _loop0_56: ',' with_item
+// _loop0_51: ',' keyword_pattern
 static asdl_seq *
-_loop0_56_rule(Parser *p)
+_loop0_51_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -28901,18 +28615,18 @@ _loop0_56_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
     Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // ',' with_item
+    { // ',' keyword_pattern
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_56[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' with_item"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_51[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' keyword_pattern"));
         Token * _literal;
-        withitem_ty elem;
+        KeyPatternPair* elem;
         while (
             (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
             &&
-            (elem = with_item_rule(p))  // with_item
+            (elem = keyword_pattern_rule(p))  // keyword_pattern
         )
         {
             _res = elem;
@@ -28938,8 +28652,8 @@ _loop0_56_rule(Parser *p)
             _mark = p->mark;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_56[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "',' with_item"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_51[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "',' keyword_pattern"));
     }
     asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
     if (!_seq) {
@@ -28949,15 +28663,15 @@ _loop0_56_rule(Parser *p)
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
     PyMem_Free(_children);
     p->level--;
     return _seq;
 }
 
-// _gather_55: with_item _loop0_56
+// _gather_52: keyword_pattern _loop0_51
 static asdl_seq *
-_gather_55_rule(Parser *p)
+_gather_52_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -28968,27 +28682,27 @@ _gather_55_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     asdl_seq * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // with_item _loop0_56
+    { // keyword_pattern _loop0_51
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _gather_55[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "with_item _loop0_56"));
-        withitem_ty elem;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _gather_52[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "keyword_pattern _loop0_51"));
+        KeyPatternPair* elem;
         asdl_seq * seq;
         if (
-            (elem = with_item_rule(p))  // with_item
+            (elem = keyword_pattern_rule(p))  // keyword_pattern
             &&
-            (seq = _loop0_56_rule(p))  // _loop0_56
+            (seq = _loop0_51_rule(p))  // _loop0_51
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _gather_55[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "with_item _loop0_56"));
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _gather_52[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "keyword_pattern _loop0_51"));
             _res = _PyPegen_seq_insert_in_front(p, elem, seq);
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _gather_55[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "with_item _loop0_56"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _gather_52[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "keyword_pattern _loop0_51"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
   done:
@@ -28996,9 +28710,9 @@ _gather_55_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _loop0_58: ',' with_item
+// _loop0_53: ',' type_param
 static asdl_seq *
-_loop0_58_rule(Parser *p)
+_loop0_53_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -29018,18 +28732,18 @@ _loop0_58_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
     Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // ',' with_item
+    { // ',' type_param
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_58[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' with_item"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_53[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' type_param"));
         Token * _literal;
-        withitem_ty elem;
+        type_param_ty elem;
         while (
             (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
             &&
-            (elem = with_item_rule(p))  // with_item
+            (elem = type_param_rule(p))  // type_param
         )
         {
             _res = elem;
@@ -29055,8 +28769,8 @@ _loop0_58_rule(Parser *p)
             _mark = p->mark;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_58[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "',' with_item"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_53[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "',' type_param"));
     }
     asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
     if (!_seq) {
@@ -29066,15 +28780,15 @@ _loop0_58_rule(Parser *p)
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
     PyMem_Free(_children);
     p->level--;
     return _seq;
 }
 
-// _gather_57: with_item _loop0_58
+// _gather_54: type_param _loop0_53
 static asdl_seq *
-_gather_57_rule(Parser *p)
+_gather_54_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -29085,27 +28799,27 @@ _gather_57_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     asdl_seq * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // with_item _loop0_58
+    { // type_param _loop0_53
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _gather_57[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "with_item _loop0_58"));
-        withitem_ty elem;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _gather_54[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "type_param _loop0_53"));
+        type_param_ty elem;
         asdl_seq * seq;
         if (
-            (elem = with_item_rule(p))  // with_item
+            (elem = type_param_rule(p))  // type_param
             &&
-            (seq = _loop0_58_rule(p))  // _loop0_58
+            (seq = _loop0_53_rule(p))  // _loop0_53
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _gather_57[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "with_item _loop0_58"));
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _gather_54[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "type_param _loop0_53"));
             _res = _PyPegen_seq_insert_in_front(p, elem, seq);
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _gather_57[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "with_item _loop0_58"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _gather_54[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "type_param _loop0_53"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
   done:
@@ -29113,9 +28827,9 @@ _gather_57_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _tmp_59: ',' | ')' | ':'
-static void *
-_tmp_59_rule(Parser *p)
+// _loop1_55: (',' expression)
+static asdl_seq *
+_loop1_55_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -29124,74 +28838,70 @@ _tmp_59_rule(Parser *p)
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    void * _res = NULL;
+    void *_res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // ','
+    void **_children = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(void *));
+    if (!_children) {
+        p->error_indicator = 1;
+        PyErr_NoMemory();
+        p->level--;
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
+    Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
+    { // (',' expression)
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_59[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "','"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop1_55[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "(',' expression)"));
+        void *_tmp_17_var;
+        while (
+            (_tmp_17_var = _tmp_17_rule(p))  // ',' expression
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_59[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "','"));
-            _res = _literal;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_59[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "','"));
-    }
-    { // ')'
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_59[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "')'"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 8))  // token=')'
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_59[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "')'"));
-            _res = _literal;
-            goto done;
+            _res = _tmp_17_var;
+            if (_n == _children_capacity) {
+                _children_capacity *= 2;
+                void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
+                if (!_new_children) {
+                    PyMem_Free(_children);
+                    p->error_indicator = 1;
+                    PyErr_NoMemory();
+                    p->level--;
+                    return NULL;
+                }
+                _children = _new_children;
+            }
+            _children[_n++] = _res;
+            _mark = p->mark;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_59[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "')'"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop1_55[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "(',' expression)"));
     }
-    { // ':'
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_59[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "':'"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 11))  // token=':'
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_59[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "':'"));
-            _res = _literal;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_59[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "':'"));
+    if (_n == 0 || p->error_indicator) {
+        PyMem_Free(_children);
+        p->level--;
+        return NULL;
     }
-    _res = NULL;
-  done:
+    asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
+    if (!_seq) {
+        PyMem_Free(_children);
+        p->error_indicator = 1;
+        PyErr_NoMemory();
+        p->level--;
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
+    PyMem_Free(_children);
     p->level--;
-    return _res;
+    return _seq;
 }
 
-// _loop1_60: except_block
+// _loop1_56: (',' star_expression)
 static asdl_seq *
-_loop1_60_rule(Parser *p)
+_loop1_56_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -29211,18 +28921,18 @@ _loop1_60_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
     Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // except_block
+    { // (',' star_expression)
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop1_60[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "except_block"));
-        excepthandler_ty except_block_var;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop1_56[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "(',' star_expression)"));
+        void *_tmp_153_var;
         while (
-            (except_block_var = except_block_rule(p))  // except_block
+            (_tmp_153_var = _tmp_153_rule(p))  // ',' star_expression
         )
         {
-            _res = except_block_var;
+            _res = _tmp_153_var;
             if (_n == _children_capacity) {
                 _children_capacity *= 2;
                 void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
@@ -29239,8 +28949,8 @@ _loop1_60_rule(Parser *p)
             _mark = p->mark;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop1_60[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "except_block"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop1_56[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "(',' star_expression)"));
     }
     if (_n == 0 || p->error_indicator) {
         PyMem_Free(_children);
@@ -29255,15 +28965,15 @@ _loop1_60_rule(Parser *p)
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
     PyMem_Free(_children);
     p->level--;
     return _seq;
 }
 
-// _loop1_61: except_star_block
+// _loop0_57: ',' star_named_expression
 static asdl_seq *
-_loop1_61_rule(Parser *p)
+_loop0_57_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -29283,18 +28993,27 @@ _loop1_61_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
     Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // except_star_block
+    { // ',' star_named_expression
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop1_61[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "except_star_block"));
-        excepthandler_ty except_star_block_var;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_57[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' star_named_expression"));
+        Token * _literal;
+        expr_ty elem;
         while (
-            (except_star_block_var = except_star_block_rule(p))  // except_star_block
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
+            &&
+            (elem = star_named_expression_rule(p))  // star_named_expression
         )
         {
-            _res = except_star_block_var;
+            _res = elem;
+            if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+                p->error_indicator = 1;
+                PyMem_Free(_children);
+                p->level--;
+                return NULL;
+            }
             if (_n == _children_capacity) {
                 _children_capacity *= 2;
                 void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
@@ -29311,13 +29030,8 @@ _loop1_61_rule(Parser *p)
             _mark = p->mark;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop1_61[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "except_star_block"));
-    }
-    if (_n == 0 || p->error_indicator) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_57[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "',' star_named_expression"));
     }
     asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
     if (!_seq) {
@@ -29327,15 +29041,15 @@ _loop1_61_rule(Parser *p)
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
     PyMem_Free(_children);
     p->level--;
     return _seq;
 }
 
-// _tmp_62: 'as' NAME
-static void *
-_tmp_62_rule(Parser *p)
+// _gather_58: star_named_expression _loop0_57
+static asdl_seq *
+_gather_58_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -29344,34 +29058,29 @@ _tmp_62_rule(Parser *p)
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    void * _res = NULL;
+    asdl_seq * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // 'as' NAME
+    { // star_named_expression _loop0_57
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_62[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'as' NAME"));
-        Token * _keyword;
-        expr_ty z;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _gather_58[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "star_named_expression _loop0_57"));
+        expr_ty elem;
+        asdl_seq * seq;
         if (
-            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 658))  // token='as'
+            (elem = star_named_expression_rule(p))  // star_named_expression
             &&
-            (z = _PyPegen_name_token(p))  // NAME
+            (seq = _loop0_57_rule(p))  // _loop0_57
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_62[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'as' NAME"));
-            _res = z;
-            if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
-                p->error_indicator = 1;
-                p->level--;
-                return NULL;
-            }
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _gather_58[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "star_named_expression _loop0_57"));
+            _res = _PyPegen_seq_insert_in_front(p, elem, seq);
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_62[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'as' NAME"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _gather_58[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "star_named_expression _loop0_57"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
   done:
@@ -29379,9 +29088,9 @@ _tmp_62_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _tmp_63: 'as' NAME
-static void *
-_tmp_63_rule(Parser *p)
+// _loop1_59: ('or' conjunction)
+static asdl_seq *
+_loop1_59_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -29390,44 +29099,70 @@ _tmp_63_rule(Parser *p)
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    void * _res = NULL;
+    void *_res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // 'as' NAME
+    void **_children = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(void *));
+    if (!_children) {
+        p->error_indicator = 1;
+        PyErr_NoMemory();
+        p->level--;
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
+    Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
+    { // ('or' conjunction)
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_63[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'as' NAME"));
-        Token * _keyword;
-        expr_ty z;
-        if (
-            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 658))  // token='as'
-            &&
-            (z = _PyPegen_name_token(p))  // NAME
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop1_59[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "('or' conjunction)"));
+        void *_tmp_154_var;
+        while (
+            (_tmp_154_var = _tmp_154_rule(p))  // 'or' conjunction
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_63[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'as' NAME"));
-            _res = z;
-            if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
-                p->error_indicator = 1;
-                p->level--;
-                return NULL;
+            _res = _tmp_154_var;
+            if (_n == _children_capacity) {
+                _children_capacity *= 2;
+                void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
+                if (!_new_children) {
+                    PyMem_Free(_children);
+                    p->error_indicator = 1;
+                    PyErr_NoMemory();
+                    p->level--;
+                    return NULL;
+                }
+                _children = _new_children;
             }
-            goto done;
+            _children[_n++] = _res;
+            _mark = p->mark;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_63[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'as' NAME"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop1_59[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "('or' conjunction)"));
     }
-    _res = NULL;
-  done:
+    if (_n == 0 || p->error_indicator) {
+        PyMem_Free(_children);
+        p->level--;
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
+    if (!_seq) {
+        PyMem_Free(_children);
+        p->error_indicator = 1;
+        PyErr_NoMemory();
+        p->level--;
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
+    PyMem_Free(_children);
     p->level--;
-    return _res;
+    return _seq;
 }
 
-// _loop1_64: case_block
+// _loop1_60: ('and' inversion)
 static asdl_seq *
-_loop1_64_rule(Parser *p)
+_loop1_60_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -29447,18 +29182,18 @@ _loop1_64_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
     Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // case_block
+    { // ('and' inversion)
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop1_64[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "case_block"));
-        match_case_ty case_block_var;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop1_60[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "('and' inversion)"));
+        void *_tmp_155_var;
         while (
-            (case_block_var = case_block_rule(p))  // case_block
+            (_tmp_155_var = _tmp_155_rule(p))  // 'and' inversion
         )
         {
-            _res = case_block_var;
+            _res = _tmp_155_var;
             if (_n == _children_capacity) {
                 _children_capacity *= 2;
                 void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
@@ -29475,8 +29210,8 @@ _loop1_64_rule(Parser *p)
             _mark = p->mark;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop1_64[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "case_block"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop1_60[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "('and' inversion)"));
     }
     if (_n == 0 || p->error_indicator) {
         PyMem_Free(_children);
@@ -29491,15 +29226,15 @@ _loop1_64_rule(Parser *p)
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
     PyMem_Free(_children);
     p->level--;
     return _seq;
 }
 
-// _loop0_66: '|' closed_pattern
+// _loop1_61: compare_op_bitwise_or_pair
 static asdl_seq *
-_loop0_66_rule(Parser *p)
+_loop1_61_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -29519,27 +29254,18 @@ _loop0_66_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
     Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // '|' closed_pattern
+    { // compare_op_bitwise_or_pair
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_66[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'|' closed_pattern"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        pattern_ty elem;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop1_61[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "compare_op_bitwise_or_pair"));
+        CmpopExprPair* compare_op_bitwise_or_pair_var;
         while (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 18))  // token='|'
-            &&
-            (elem = closed_pattern_rule(p))  // closed_pattern
+            (compare_op_bitwise_or_pair_var = compare_op_bitwise_or_pair_rule(p))  // compare_op_bitwise_or_pair
         )
         {
-            _res = elem;
-            if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
-                p->error_indicator = 1;
-                PyMem_Free(_children);
-                p->level--;
-                return NULL;
-            }
+            _res = compare_op_bitwise_or_pair_var;
             if (_n == _children_capacity) {
                 _children_capacity *= 2;
                 void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
@@ -29556,8 +29282,13 @@ _loop0_66_rule(Parser *p)
             _mark = p->mark;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_66[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'|' closed_pattern"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop1_61[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "compare_op_bitwise_or_pair"));
+    }
+    if (_n == 0 || p->error_indicator) {
+        PyMem_Free(_children);
+        p->level--;
+        return NULL;
     }
     asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
     if (!_seq) {
@@ -29567,15 +29298,15 @@ _loop0_66_rule(Parser *p)
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
     PyMem_Free(_children);
     p->level--;
     return _seq;
 }
 
-// _gather_65: closed_pattern _loop0_66
-static asdl_seq *
-_gather_65_rule(Parser *p)
+// _tmp_62: '!='
+static void *
+_tmp_62_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -29584,29 +29315,31 @@ _gather_65_rule(Parser *p)
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    asdl_seq * _res = NULL;
+    void * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // closed_pattern _loop0_66
+    { // '!='
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _gather_65[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "closed_pattern _loop0_66"));
-        pattern_ty elem;
-        asdl_seq * seq;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_62[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'!='"));
+        Token * tok;
         if (
-            (elem = closed_pattern_rule(p))  // closed_pattern
-            &&
-            (seq = _loop0_66_rule(p))  // _loop0_66
+            (tok = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 28))  // token='!='
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _gather_65[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "closed_pattern _loop0_66"));
-            _res = _PyPegen_seq_insert_in_front(p, elem, seq);
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_62[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'!='"));
+            _res = _PyPegen_check_barry_as_flufl ( p , tok ) ? NULL : tok;
+            if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+                p->error_indicator = 1;
+                p->level--;
+                return NULL;
+            }
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _gather_65[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "closed_pattern _loop0_66"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_62[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'!='"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
   done:
@@ -29614,9 +29347,9 @@ _gather_65_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _tmp_67: '+' | '-'
-static void *
-_tmp_67_rule(Parser *p)
+// _loop0_63: ',' (slice | starred_expression)
+static asdl_seq *
+_loop0_63_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -29625,45 +29358,105 @@ _tmp_67_rule(Parser *p)
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    void * _res = NULL;
+    void *_res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // '+'
+    void **_children = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(void *));
+    if (!_children) {
+        p->error_indicator = 1;
+        PyErr_NoMemory();
+        p->level--;
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
+    Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
+    { // ',' (slice | starred_expression)
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_67[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'+'"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_63[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' (slice | starred_expression)"));
         Token * _literal;
-        if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 14))  // token='+'
+        void *elem;
+        while (
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
+            &&
+            (elem = _tmp_156_rule(p))  // slice | starred_expression
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_67[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'+'"));
-            _res = _literal;
-            goto done;
+            _res = elem;
+            if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+                p->error_indicator = 1;
+                PyMem_Free(_children);
+                p->level--;
+                return NULL;
+            }
+            if (_n == _children_capacity) {
+                _children_capacity *= 2;
+                void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
+                if (!_new_children) {
+                    PyMem_Free(_children);
+                    p->error_indicator = 1;
+                    PyErr_NoMemory();
+                    p->level--;
+                    return NULL;
+                }
+                _children = _new_children;
+            }
+            _children[_n++] = _res;
+            _mark = p->mark;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_67[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'+'"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_63[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "',' (slice | starred_expression)"));
     }
-    { // '-'
+    asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
+    if (!_seq) {
+        PyMem_Free(_children);
+        p->error_indicator = 1;
+        PyErr_NoMemory();
+        p->level--;
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
+    PyMem_Free(_children);
+    p->level--;
+    return _seq;
+}
+
+// _gather_64: (slice | starred_expression) _loop0_63
+static asdl_seq *
+_gather_64_rule(Parser *p)
+{
+    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
+        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
+    }
+    if (p->error_indicator) {
+        p->level--;
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    asdl_seq * _res = NULL;
+    int _mark = p->mark;
+    { // (slice | starred_expression) _loop0_63
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_67[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'-'"));
-        Token * _literal;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _gather_64[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "(slice | starred_expression) _loop0_63"));
+        void *elem;
+        asdl_seq * seq;
         if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 15))  // token='-'
+            (elem = _tmp_156_rule(p))  // slice | starred_expression
+            &&
+            (seq = _loop0_63_rule(p))  // _loop0_63
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_67[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'-'"));
-            _res = _literal;
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _gather_64[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "(slice | starred_expression) _loop0_63"));
+            _res = _PyPegen_seq_insert_in_front(p, elem, seq);
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_67[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'-'"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _gather_64[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "(slice | starred_expression) _loop0_63"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
   done:
@@ -29671,9 +29464,9 @@ _tmp_67_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _tmp_68: '+' | '-'
+// _tmp_65: ':' expression?
 static void *
-_tmp_68_rule(Parser *p)
+_tmp_65_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -29684,43 +29477,32 @@ _tmp_68_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     void * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // '+'
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_68[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'+'"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 14))  // token='+'
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_68[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'+'"));
-            _res = _literal;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_68[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'+'"));
-    }
-    { // '-'
+    { // ':' expression?
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_68[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'-'"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_65[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "':' expression?"));
         Token * _literal;
+        void *d;
         if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 15))  // token='-'
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 11))  // token=':'
+            &&
+            (d = expression_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // expression?
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_68[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'-'"));
-            _res = _literal;
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_65[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "':' expression?"));
+            _res = d;
+            if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+                p->error_indicator = 1;
+                p->level--;
+                return NULL;
+            }
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_68[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'-'"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_65[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "':' expression?"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
   done:
@@ -29728,9 +29510,9 @@ _tmp_68_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _tmp_69: '.' | '(' | '='
+// _tmp_66: STRING | FSTRING_START
 static void *
-_tmp_69_rule(Parser *p)
+_tmp_66_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -29741,62 +29523,43 @@ _tmp_69_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     void * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // '.'
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_69[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'.'"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 23))  // token='.'
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_69[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'.'"));
-            _res = _literal;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_69[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'.'"));
-    }
-    { // '('
+    { // STRING
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_69[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'('"));
-        Token * _literal;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_66[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "STRING"));
+        expr_ty string_var;
         if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 7))  // token='('
+            (string_var = _PyPegen_string_token(p))  // STRING
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_69[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'('"));
-            _res = _literal;
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_66[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "STRING"));
+            _res = string_var;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_69[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'('"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_66[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "STRING"));
     }
-    { // '='
+    { // FSTRING_START
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_69[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'='"));
-        Token * _literal;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_66[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "FSTRING_START"));
+        Token * fstring_start_var;
         if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 22))  // token='='
+            (fstring_start_var = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, FSTRING_START))  // token='FSTRING_START'
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_69[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'='"));
-            _res = _literal;
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_66[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "FSTRING_START"));
+            _res = fstring_start_var;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_69[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'='"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_66[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "FSTRING_START"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
   done:
@@ -29804,9 +29567,9 @@ _tmp_69_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _tmp_70: '.' | '(' | '='
+// _tmp_67: tuple | group | genexp
 static void *
-_tmp_70_rule(Parser *p)
+_tmp_67_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -29817,62 +29580,62 @@ _tmp_70_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     void * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // '.'
+    { // tuple
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_70[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'.'"));
-        Token * _literal;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_67[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "tuple"));
+        expr_ty tuple_var;
         if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 23))  // token='.'
+            (tuple_var = tuple_rule(p))  // tuple
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_70[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'.'"));
-            _res = _literal;
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_67[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "tuple"));
+            _res = tuple_var;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_70[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'.'"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_67[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "tuple"));
     }
-    { // '('
+    { // group
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_70[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'('"));
-        Token * _literal;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_67[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "group"));
+        expr_ty group_var;
         if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 7))  // token='('
+            (group_var = group_rule(p))  // group
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_70[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'('"));
-            _res = _literal;
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_67[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "group"));
+            _res = group_var;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_70[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'('"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_67[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "group"));
     }
-    { // '='
+    { // genexp
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_70[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'='"));
-        Token * _literal;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_67[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "genexp"));
+        expr_ty genexp_var;
         if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 22))  // token='='
+            (genexp_var = genexp_rule(p))  // genexp
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_70[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'='"));
-            _res = _literal;
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_67[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "genexp"));
+            _res = genexp_var;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_70[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'='"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_67[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "genexp"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
   done:
@@ -29880,9 +29643,9 @@ _tmp_70_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _loop0_72: ',' maybe_star_pattern
-static asdl_seq *
-_loop0_72_rule(Parser *p)
+// _tmp_68: list | listcomp
+static void *
+_tmp_68_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -29891,105 +29654,45 @@ _loop0_72_rule(Parser *p)
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    void *_res = NULL;
+    void * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    void **_children = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(void *));
-    if (!_children) {
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
-    Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // ',' maybe_star_pattern
+    { // list
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_72[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' maybe_star_pattern"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        pattern_ty elem;
-        while (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
-            &&
-            (elem = maybe_star_pattern_rule(p))  // maybe_star_pattern
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_68[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "list"));
+        expr_ty list_var;
+        if (
+            (list_var = list_rule(p))  // list
         )
         {
-            _res = elem;
-            if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
-                p->error_indicator = 1;
-                PyMem_Free(_children);
-                p->level--;
-                return NULL;
-            }
-            if (_n == _children_capacity) {
-                _children_capacity *= 2;
-                void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
-                if (!_new_children) {
-                    PyMem_Free(_children);
-                    p->error_indicator = 1;
-                    PyErr_NoMemory();
-                    p->level--;
-                    return NULL;
-                }
-                _children = _new_children;
-            }
-            _children[_n++] = _res;
-            _mark = p->mark;
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_68[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "list"));
+            _res = list_var;
+            goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_72[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "',' maybe_star_pattern"));
-    }
-    asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
-    if (!_seq) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
-    PyMem_Free(_children);
-    p->level--;
-    return _seq;
-}
-
-// _gather_71: maybe_star_pattern _loop0_72
-static asdl_seq *
-_gather_71_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_68[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "list"));
     }
-    asdl_seq * _res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // maybe_star_pattern _loop0_72
+    { // listcomp
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _gather_71[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "maybe_star_pattern _loop0_72"));
-        pattern_ty elem;
-        asdl_seq * seq;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_68[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "listcomp"));
+        expr_ty listcomp_var;
         if (
-            (elem = maybe_star_pattern_rule(p))  // maybe_star_pattern
-            &&
-            (seq = _loop0_72_rule(p))  // _loop0_72
+            (listcomp_var = listcomp_rule(p))  // listcomp
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _gather_71[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "maybe_star_pattern _loop0_72"));
-            _res = _PyPegen_seq_insert_in_front(p, elem, seq);
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_68[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "listcomp"));
+            _res = listcomp_var;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _gather_71[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "maybe_star_pattern _loop0_72"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_68[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "listcomp"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
   done:
@@ -29997,9 +29700,9 @@ _gather_71_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _loop0_74: ',' key_value_pattern
-static asdl_seq *
-_loop0_74_rule(Parser *p)
+// _tmp_69: dict | set | dictcomp | setcomp
+static void *
+_tmp_69_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -30008,105 +29711,83 @@ _loop0_74_rule(Parser *p)
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    void *_res = NULL;
+    void * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    void **_children = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(void *));
-    if (!_children) {
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
-    Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // ',' key_value_pattern
+    { // dict
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_74[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' key_value_pattern"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        KeyPatternPair* elem;
-        while (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
-            &&
-            (elem = key_value_pattern_rule(p))  // key_value_pattern
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_69[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "dict"));
+        expr_ty dict_var;
+        if (
+            (dict_var = dict_rule(p))  // dict
         )
         {
-            _res = elem;
-            if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
-                p->error_indicator = 1;
-                PyMem_Free(_children);
-                p->level--;
-                return NULL;
-            }
-            if (_n == _children_capacity) {
-                _children_capacity *= 2;
-                void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
-                if (!_new_children) {
-                    PyMem_Free(_children);
-                    p->error_indicator = 1;
-                    PyErr_NoMemory();
-                    p->level--;
-                    return NULL;
-                }
-                _children = _new_children;
-            }
-            _children[_n++] = _res;
-            _mark = p->mark;
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_69[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "dict"));
+            _res = dict_var;
+            goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_74[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "',' key_value_pattern"));
-    }
-    asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
-    if (!_seq) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_69[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "dict"));
     }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
-    PyMem_Free(_children);
-    p->level--;
-    return _seq;
-}
-
-// _gather_73: key_value_pattern _loop0_74
-static asdl_seq *
-_gather_73_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
+    { // set
+        if (p->error_indicator) {
+            p->level--;
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_69[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "set"));
+        expr_ty set_var;
+        if (
+            (set_var = set_rule(p))  // set
+        )
+        {
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_69[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "set"));
+            _res = set_var;
+            goto done;
+        }
+        p->mark = _mark;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_69[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "set"));
     }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
+    { // dictcomp
+        if (p->error_indicator) {
+            p->level--;
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_69[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "dictcomp"));
+        expr_ty dictcomp_var;
+        if (
+            (dictcomp_var = dictcomp_rule(p))  // dictcomp
+        )
+        {
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_69[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "dictcomp"));
+            _res = dictcomp_var;
+            goto done;
+        }
+        p->mark = _mark;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_69[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "dictcomp"));
     }
-    asdl_seq * _res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // key_value_pattern _loop0_74
+    { // setcomp
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _gather_73[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "key_value_pattern _loop0_74"));
-        KeyPatternPair* elem;
-        asdl_seq * seq;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_69[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "setcomp"));
+        expr_ty setcomp_var;
         if (
-            (elem = key_value_pattern_rule(p))  // key_value_pattern
-            &&
-            (seq = _loop0_74_rule(p))  // _loop0_74
+            (setcomp_var = setcomp_rule(p))  // setcomp
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _gather_73[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "key_value_pattern _loop0_74"));
-            _res = _PyPegen_seq_insert_in_front(p, elem, seq);
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_69[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "setcomp"));
+            _res = setcomp_var;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _gather_73[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "key_value_pattern _loop0_74"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_69[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "setcomp"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
   done:
@@ -30114,9 +29795,9 @@ _gather_73_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _tmp_75: literal_expr | attr
+// _tmp_70: yield_expr | named_expression
 static void *
-_tmp_75_rule(Parser *p)
+_tmp_70_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -30127,43 +29808,43 @@ _tmp_75_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     void * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // literal_expr
+    { // yield_expr
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_75[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "literal_expr"));
-        expr_ty literal_expr_var;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_70[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "yield_expr"));
+        expr_ty yield_expr_var;
         if (
-            (literal_expr_var = literal_expr_rule(p))  // literal_expr
+            (yield_expr_var = yield_expr_rule(p))  // yield_expr
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_75[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "literal_expr"));
-            _res = literal_expr_var;
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_70[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "yield_expr"));
+            _res = yield_expr_var;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_75[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "literal_expr"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_70[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "yield_expr"));
     }
-    { // attr
+    { // named_expression
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_75[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "attr"));
-        expr_ty attr_var;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_70[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "named_expression"));
+        expr_ty named_expression_var;
         if (
-            (attr_var = attr_rule(p))  // attr
+            (named_expression_var = named_expression_rule(p))  // named_expression
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_75[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "attr"));
-            _res = attr_var;
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_70[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "named_expression"));
+            _res = named_expression_var;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_75[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "attr"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_70[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "named_expression"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
   done:
@@ -30171,9 +29852,9 @@ _tmp_75_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _loop0_77: ',' pattern
+// _loop0_71: lambda_param_no_default
 static asdl_seq *
-_loop0_77_rule(Parser *p)
+_loop0_71_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -30193,27 +29874,18 @@ _loop0_77_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
     Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // ',' pattern
+    { // lambda_param_no_default
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_77[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' pattern"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        pattern_ty elem;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_71[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param_no_default"));
+        arg_ty lambda_param_no_default_var;
         while (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
-            &&
-            (elem = pattern_rule(p))  // pattern
+            (lambda_param_no_default_var = lambda_param_no_default_rule(p))  // lambda_param_no_default
         )
         {
-            _res = elem;
-            if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
-                p->error_indicator = 1;
-                PyMem_Free(_children);
-                p->level--;
-                return NULL;
-            }
+            _res = lambda_param_no_default_var;
             if (_n == _children_capacity) {
                 _children_capacity *= 2;
                 void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
@@ -30230,8 +29902,8 @@ _loop0_77_rule(Parser *p)
             _mark = p->mark;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_77[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "',' pattern"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_71[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param_no_default"));
     }
     asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
     if (!_seq) {
@@ -30241,56 +29913,15 @@ _loop0_77_rule(Parser *p)
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
     PyMem_Free(_children);
     p->level--;
     return _seq;
 }
 
-// _gather_76: pattern _loop0_77
-static asdl_seq *
-_gather_76_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    asdl_seq * _res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // pattern _loop0_77
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _gather_76[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "pattern _loop0_77"));
-        pattern_ty elem;
-        asdl_seq * seq;
-        if (
-            (elem = pattern_rule(p))  // pattern
-            &&
-            (seq = _loop0_77_rule(p))  // _loop0_77
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _gather_76[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "pattern _loop0_77"));
-            _res = _PyPegen_seq_insert_in_front(p, elem, seq);
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _gather_76[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "pattern _loop0_77"));
-    }
-    _res = NULL;
-  done:
-    p->level--;
-    return _res;
-}
-
-// _loop0_79: ',' keyword_pattern
+// _loop0_72: lambda_param_with_default
 static asdl_seq *
-_loop0_79_rule(Parser *p)
+_loop0_72_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -30310,27 +29941,18 @@ _loop0_79_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
     Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // ',' keyword_pattern
+    { // lambda_param_with_default
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_79[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' keyword_pattern"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        KeyPatternPair* elem;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_72[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param_with_default"));
+        NameDefaultPair* lambda_param_with_default_var;
         while (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
-            &&
-            (elem = keyword_pattern_rule(p))  // keyword_pattern
+            (lambda_param_with_default_var = lambda_param_with_default_rule(p))  // lambda_param_with_default
         )
         {
-            _res = elem;
-            if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
-                p->error_indicator = 1;
-                PyMem_Free(_children);
-                p->level--;
-                return NULL;
-            }
+            _res = lambda_param_with_default_var;
             if (_n == _children_capacity) {
                 _children_capacity *= 2;
                 void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
@@ -30347,8 +29969,8 @@ _loop0_79_rule(Parser *p)
             _mark = p->mark;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_79[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "',' keyword_pattern"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_72[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param_with_default"));
     }
     asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
     if (!_seq) {
@@ -30358,56 +29980,15 @@ _loop0_79_rule(Parser *p)
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
     PyMem_Free(_children);
     p->level--;
     return _seq;
 }
 
-// _gather_78: keyword_pattern _loop0_79
-static asdl_seq *
-_gather_78_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    asdl_seq * _res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // keyword_pattern _loop0_79
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _gather_78[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "keyword_pattern _loop0_79"));
-        KeyPatternPair* elem;
-        asdl_seq * seq;
-        if (
-            (elem = keyword_pattern_rule(p))  // keyword_pattern
-            &&
-            (seq = _loop0_79_rule(p))  // _loop0_79
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _gather_78[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "keyword_pattern _loop0_79"));
-            _res = _PyPegen_seq_insert_in_front(p, elem, seq);
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _gather_78[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "keyword_pattern _loop0_79"));
-    }
-    _res = NULL;
-  done:
-    p->level--;
-    return _res;
-}
-
-// _loop0_81: ',' type_param
+// _loop1_73: lambda_param_no_default
 static asdl_seq *
-_loop0_81_rule(Parser *p)
+_loop1_73_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -30427,27 +30008,18 @@ _loop0_81_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
     Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // ',' type_param
+    { // lambda_param_no_default
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_81[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' type_param"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        type_param_ty elem;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop1_73[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param_no_default"));
+        arg_ty lambda_param_no_default_var;
         while (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
-            &&
-            (elem = type_param_rule(p))  // type_param
+            (lambda_param_no_default_var = lambda_param_no_default_rule(p))  // lambda_param_no_default
         )
         {
-            _res = elem;
-            if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
-                p->error_indicator = 1;
-                PyMem_Free(_children);
-                p->level--;
-                return NULL;
-            }
+            _res = lambda_param_no_default_var;
             if (_n == _children_capacity) {
                 _children_capacity *= 2;
                 void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
@@ -30464,8 +30036,13 @@ _loop0_81_rule(Parser *p)
             _mark = p->mark;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_81[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "',' type_param"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop1_73[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param_no_default"));
+    }
+    if (_n == 0 || p->error_indicator) {
+        PyMem_Free(_children);
+        p->level--;
+        return NULL;
     }
     asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
     if (!_seq) {
@@ -30475,56 +30052,15 @@ _loop0_81_rule(Parser *p)
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
     PyMem_Free(_children);
     p->level--;
     return _seq;
 }
 
-// _gather_80: type_param _loop0_81
-static asdl_seq *
-_gather_80_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    asdl_seq * _res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // type_param _loop0_81
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _gather_80[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "type_param _loop0_81"));
-        type_param_ty elem;
-        asdl_seq * seq;
-        if (
-            (elem = type_param_rule(p))  // type_param
-            &&
-            (seq = _loop0_81_rule(p))  // _loop0_81
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _gather_80[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "type_param _loop0_81"));
-            _res = _PyPegen_seq_insert_in_front(p, elem, seq);
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _gather_80[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "type_param _loop0_81"));
-    }
-    _res = NULL;
-  done:
-    p->level--;
-    return _res;
-}
-
-// _loop1_82: (',' expression)
+// _loop1_74: lambda_param_with_default
 static asdl_seq *
-_loop1_82_rule(Parser *p)
+_loop1_74_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -30544,18 +30080,18 @@ _loop1_82_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
     Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // (',' expression)
+    { // lambda_param_with_default
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop1_82[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "(',' expression)"));
-        void *_tmp_249_var;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop1_74[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param_with_default"));
+        NameDefaultPair* lambda_param_with_default_var;
         while (
-            (_tmp_249_var = _tmp_249_rule(p))  // ',' expression
+            (lambda_param_with_default_var = lambda_param_with_default_rule(p))  // lambda_param_with_default
         )
         {
-            _res = _tmp_249_var;
+            _res = lambda_param_with_default_var;
             if (_n == _children_capacity) {
                 _children_capacity *= 2;
                 void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
@@ -30572,8 +30108,8 @@ _loop1_82_rule(Parser *p)
             _mark = p->mark;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop1_82[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "(',' expression)"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop1_74[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param_with_default"));
     }
     if (_n == 0 || p->error_indicator) {
         PyMem_Free(_children);
@@ -30588,15 +30124,15 @@ _loop1_82_rule(Parser *p)
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
     PyMem_Free(_children);
     p->level--;
     return _seq;
 }
 
-// _loop1_83: (',' star_expression)
+// _loop0_75: lambda_param_maybe_default
 static asdl_seq *
-_loop1_83_rule(Parser *p)
+_loop0_75_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -30616,18 +30152,18 @@ _loop1_83_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
     Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // (',' star_expression)
+    { // lambda_param_maybe_default
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop1_83[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "(',' star_expression)"));
-        void *_tmp_250_var;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_75[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param_maybe_default"));
+        NameDefaultPair* lambda_param_maybe_default_var;
         while (
-            (_tmp_250_var = _tmp_250_rule(p))  // ',' star_expression
+            (lambda_param_maybe_default_var = lambda_param_maybe_default_rule(p))  // lambda_param_maybe_default
         )
         {
-            _res = _tmp_250_var;
+            _res = lambda_param_maybe_default_var;
             if (_n == _children_capacity) {
                 _children_capacity *= 2;
                 void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
@@ -30644,13 +30180,8 @@ _loop1_83_rule(Parser *p)
             _mark = p->mark;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop1_83[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "(',' star_expression)"));
-    }
-    if (_n == 0 || p->error_indicator) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_75[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param_maybe_default"));
     }
     asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
     if (!_seq) {
@@ -30660,15 +30191,15 @@ _loop1_83_rule(Parser *p)
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
     PyMem_Free(_children);
     p->level--;
     return _seq;
 }
 
-// _loop0_85: ',' star_named_expression
+// _loop1_76: lambda_param_maybe_default
 static asdl_seq *
-_loop0_85_rule(Parser *p)
+_loop1_76_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -30688,27 +30219,18 @@ _loop0_85_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
     Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // ',' star_named_expression
+    { // lambda_param_maybe_default
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_85[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' star_named_expression"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        expr_ty elem;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop1_76[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param_maybe_default"));
+        NameDefaultPair* lambda_param_maybe_default_var;
         while (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
-            &&
-            (elem = star_named_expression_rule(p))  // star_named_expression
+            (lambda_param_maybe_default_var = lambda_param_maybe_default_rule(p))  // lambda_param_maybe_default
         )
         {
-            _res = elem;
-            if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
-                p->error_indicator = 1;
-                PyMem_Free(_children);
-                p->level--;
-                return NULL;
-            }
+            _res = lambda_param_maybe_default_var;
             if (_n == _children_capacity) {
                 _children_capacity *= 2;
                 void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
@@ -30725,8 +30247,13 @@ _loop0_85_rule(Parser *p)
             _mark = p->mark;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_85[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "',' star_named_expression"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop1_76[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param_maybe_default"));
+    }
+    if (_n == 0 || p->error_indicator) {
+        PyMem_Free(_children);
+        p->level--;
+        return NULL;
     }
     asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
     if (!_seq) {
@@ -30736,56 +30263,15 @@ _loop0_85_rule(Parser *p)
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
     PyMem_Free(_children);
     p->level--;
     return _seq;
 }
 
-// _gather_84: star_named_expression _loop0_85
-static asdl_seq *
-_gather_84_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    asdl_seq * _res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // star_named_expression _loop0_85
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _gather_84[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "star_named_expression _loop0_85"));
-        expr_ty elem;
-        asdl_seq * seq;
-        if (
-            (elem = star_named_expression_rule(p))  // star_named_expression
-            &&
-            (seq = _loop0_85_rule(p))  // _loop0_85
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _gather_84[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "star_named_expression _loop0_85"));
-            _res = _PyPegen_seq_insert_in_front(p, elem, seq);
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _gather_84[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "star_named_expression _loop0_85"));
-    }
-    _res = NULL;
-  done:
-    p->level--;
-    return _res;
-}
-
-// _loop1_86: ('or' conjunction)
+// _loop0_77: fstring_format_spec
 static asdl_seq *
-_loop1_86_rule(Parser *p)
+_loop0_77_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -30805,18 +30291,18 @@ _loop1_86_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
     Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // ('or' conjunction)
+    { // fstring_format_spec
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop1_86[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "('or' conjunction)"));
-        void *_tmp_251_var;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_77[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "fstring_format_spec"));
+        expr_ty fstring_format_spec_var;
         while (
-            (_tmp_251_var = _tmp_251_rule(p))  // 'or' conjunction
+            (fstring_format_spec_var = fstring_format_spec_rule(p))  // fstring_format_spec
         )
         {
-            _res = _tmp_251_var;
+            _res = fstring_format_spec_var;
             if (_n == _children_capacity) {
                 _children_capacity *= 2;
                 void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
@@ -30833,13 +30319,8 @@ _loop1_86_rule(Parser *p)
             _mark = p->mark;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop1_86[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "('or' conjunction)"));
-    }
-    if (_n == 0 || p->error_indicator) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_77[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "fstring_format_spec"));
     }
     asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
     if (!_seq) {
@@ -30849,15 +30330,15 @@ _loop1_86_rule(Parser *p)
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
     PyMem_Free(_children);
     p->level--;
     return _seq;
 }
 
-// _loop1_87: ('and' inversion)
+// _loop0_78: fstring_middle
 static asdl_seq *
-_loop1_87_rule(Parser *p)
+_loop0_78_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -30877,18 +30358,18 @@ _loop1_87_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
     Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // ('and' inversion)
+    { // fstring_middle
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop1_87[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "('and' inversion)"));
-        void *_tmp_252_var;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_78[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "fstring_middle"));
+        expr_ty fstring_middle_var;
         while (
-            (_tmp_252_var = _tmp_252_rule(p))  // 'and' inversion
+            (fstring_middle_var = fstring_middle_rule(p))  // fstring_middle
         )
         {
-            _res = _tmp_252_var;
+            _res = fstring_middle_var;
             if (_n == _children_capacity) {
                 _children_capacity *= 2;
                 void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
@@ -30905,13 +30386,8 @@ _loop1_87_rule(Parser *p)
             _mark = p->mark;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop1_87[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "('and' inversion)"));
-    }
-    if (_n == 0 || p->error_indicator) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_78[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "fstring_middle"));
     }
     asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
     if (!_seq) {
@@ -30921,15 +30397,15 @@ _loop1_87_rule(Parser *p)
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
     PyMem_Free(_children);
     p->level--;
     return _seq;
 }
 
-// _loop1_88: compare_op_bitwise_or_pair
+// _loop1_79: (fstring | string)
 static asdl_seq *
-_loop1_88_rule(Parser *p)
+_loop1_79_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -30949,18 +30425,18 @@ _loop1_88_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
     Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // compare_op_bitwise_or_pair
+    { // (fstring | string)
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop1_88[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "compare_op_bitwise_or_pair"));
-        CmpopExprPair* compare_op_bitwise_or_pair_var;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop1_79[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "(fstring | string)"));
+        void *_tmp_157_var;
         while (
-            (compare_op_bitwise_or_pair_var = compare_op_bitwise_or_pair_rule(p))  // compare_op_bitwise_or_pair
+            (_tmp_157_var = _tmp_157_rule(p))  // fstring | string
         )
         {
-            _res = compare_op_bitwise_or_pair_var;
+            _res = _tmp_157_var;
             if (_n == _children_capacity) {
                 _children_capacity *= 2;
                 void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
@@ -30977,8 +30453,8 @@ _loop1_88_rule(Parser *p)
             _mark = p->mark;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop1_88[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "compare_op_bitwise_or_pair"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop1_79[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "(fstring | string)"));
     }
     if (_n == 0 || p->error_indicator) {
         PyMem_Free(_children);
@@ -30993,15 +30469,15 @@ _loop1_88_rule(Parser *p)
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
     PyMem_Free(_children);
     p->level--;
     return _seq;
 }
 
-// _tmp_89: '!='
+// _tmp_80: star_named_expression ',' star_named_expressions?
 static void *
-_tmp_89_rule(Parser *p)
+_tmp_80_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -31012,19 +30488,25 @@ _tmp_89_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     void * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // '!='
+    { // star_named_expression ',' star_named_expressions?
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_89[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'!='"));
-        Token * tok;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_80[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "star_named_expression ',' star_named_expressions?"));
+        Token * _literal;
+        expr_ty y;
+        void *z;
         if (
-            (tok = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 28))  // token='!='
+            (y = star_named_expression_rule(p))  // star_named_expression
+            &&
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
+            &&
+            (z = star_named_expressions_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // star_named_expressions?
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_89[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'!='"));
-            _res = _PyPegen_check_barry_as_flufl ( p , tok ) ? NULL : tok;
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_80[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "star_named_expression ',' star_named_expressions?"));
+            _res = _PyPegen_seq_insert_in_front ( p , y , z );
             if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
                 p->error_indicator = 1;
                 p->level--;
@@ -31033,8 +30515,8 @@ _tmp_89_rule(Parser *p)
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_89[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'!='"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_80[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "star_named_expression ',' star_named_expressions?"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
   done:
@@ -31042,9 +30524,9 @@ _tmp_89_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _loop0_91: ',' (slice | starred_expression)
+// _loop0_81: ',' double_starred_kvpair
 static asdl_seq *
-_loop0_91_rule(Parser *p)
+_loop0_81_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -31064,18 +30546,18 @@ _loop0_91_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
     Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // ',' (slice | starred_expression)
+    { // ',' double_starred_kvpair
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_91[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' (slice | starred_expression)"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_81[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' double_starred_kvpair"));
         Token * _literal;
-        void *elem;
+        KeyValuePair* elem;
         while (
             (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
             &&
-            (elem = _tmp_253_rule(p))  // slice | starred_expression
+            (elem = double_starred_kvpair_rule(p))  // double_starred_kvpair
         )
         {
             _res = elem;
@@ -31101,8 +30583,8 @@ _loop0_91_rule(Parser *p)
             _mark = p->mark;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_91[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "',' (slice | starred_expression)"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_81[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "',' double_starred_kvpair"));
     }
     asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
     if (!_seq) {
@@ -31112,15 +30594,15 @@ _loop0_91_rule(Parser *p)
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
     PyMem_Free(_children);
     p->level--;
     return _seq;
 }
 
-// _gather_90: (slice | starred_expression) _loop0_91
+// _gather_82: double_starred_kvpair _loop0_81
 static asdl_seq *
-_gather_90_rule(Parser *p)
+_gather_82_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -31131,27 +30613,27 @@ _gather_90_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     asdl_seq * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // (slice | starred_expression) _loop0_91
+    { // double_starred_kvpair _loop0_81
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _gather_90[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "(slice | starred_expression) _loop0_91"));
-        void *elem;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _gather_82[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "double_starred_kvpair _loop0_81"));
+        KeyValuePair* elem;
         asdl_seq * seq;
         if (
-            (elem = _tmp_253_rule(p))  // slice | starred_expression
+            (elem = double_starred_kvpair_rule(p))  // double_starred_kvpair
             &&
-            (seq = _loop0_91_rule(p))  // _loop0_91
+            (seq = _loop0_81_rule(p))  // _loop0_81
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _gather_90[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "(slice | starred_expression) _loop0_91"));
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _gather_82[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "double_starred_kvpair _loop0_81"));
             _res = _PyPegen_seq_insert_in_front(p, elem, seq);
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _gather_90[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "(slice | starred_expression) _loop0_91"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _gather_82[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "double_starred_kvpair _loop0_81"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
   done:
@@ -31159,9 +30641,9 @@ _gather_90_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _tmp_92: ':' expression?
-static void *
-_tmp_92_rule(Parser *p)
+// _loop1_83: for_if_clause
+static asdl_seq *
+_loop1_83_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -31170,6169 +30652,53 @@ _tmp_92_rule(Parser *p)
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    void * _res = NULL;
+    void *_res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // ':' expression?
+    void **_children = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(void *));
+    if (!_children) {
+        p->error_indicator = 1;
+        PyErr_NoMemory();
+        p->level--;
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
+    Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
+    { // for_if_clause
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_92[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "':' expression?"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        void *d;
-        if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 11))  // token=':'
-            &&
-            (d = expression_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // expression?
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop1_83[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "for_if_clause"));
+        comprehension_ty for_if_clause_var;
+        while (
+            (for_if_clause_var = for_if_clause_rule(p))  // for_if_clause
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_92[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "':' expression?"));
-            _res = d;
-            if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
-                p->error_indicator = 1;
-                p->level--;
-                return NULL;
+            _res = for_if_clause_var;
+            if (_n == _children_capacity) {
+                _children_capacity *= 2;
+                void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
+                if (!_new_children) {
+                    PyMem_Free(_children);
+                    p->error_indicator = 1;
+                    PyErr_NoMemory();
+                    p->level--;
+                    return NULL;
+                }
+                _children = _new_children;
             }
-            goto done;
+            _children[_n++] = _res;
+            _mark = p->mark;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_92[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "':' expression?"));
-    }
-    _res = NULL;
-  done:
-    p->level--;
-    return _res;
-}
-
-// _tmp_93: STRING | FSTRING_START
-static void *
-_tmp_93_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop1_83[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "for_if_clause"));
     }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
+    if (_n == 0 || p->error_indicator) {
+        PyMem_Free(_children);
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    void * _res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // STRING
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_93[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "STRING"));
-        expr_ty string_var;
-        if (
-            (string_var = _PyPegen_string_token(p))  // STRING
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_93[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "STRING"));
-            _res = string_var;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_93[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "STRING"));
-    }
-    { // FSTRING_START
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_93[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "FSTRING_START"));
-        Token * fstring_start_var;
-        if (
-            (fstring_start_var = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, FSTRING_START))  // token='FSTRING_START'
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_93[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "FSTRING_START"));
-            _res = fstring_start_var;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_93[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "FSTRING_START"));
-    }
-    _res = NULL;
-  done:
-    p->level--;
-    return _res;
-}
-
-// _tmp_94: tuple | group | genexp
-static void *
-_tmp_94_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void * _res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // tuple
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_94[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "tuple"));
-        expr_ty tuple_var;
-        if (
-            (tuple_var = tuple_rule(p))  // tuple
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_94[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "tuple"));
-            _res = tuple_var;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_94[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "tuple"));
-    }
-    { // group
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_94[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "group"));
-        expr_ty group_var;
-        if (
-            (group_var = group_rule(p))  // group
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_94[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "group"));
-            _res = group_var;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_94[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "group"));
-    }
-    { // genexp
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_94[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "genexp"));
-        expr_ty genexp_var;
-        if (
-            (genexp_var = genexp_rule(p))  // genexp
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_94[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "genexp"));
-            _res = genexp_var;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_94[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "genexp"));
-    }
-    _res = NULL;
-  done:
-    p->level--;
-    return _res;
-}
-
-// _tmp_95: list | listcomp
-static void *
-_tmp_95_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void * _res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // list
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_95[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "list"));
-        expr_ty list_var;
-        if (
-            (list_var = list_rule(p))  // list
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_95[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "list"));
-            _res = list_var;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_95[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "list"));
-    }
-    { // listcomp
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_95[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "listcomp"));
-        expr_ty listcomp_var;
-        if (
-            (listcomp_var = listcomp_rule(p))  // listcomp
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_95[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "listcomp"));
-            _res = listcomp_var;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_95[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "listcomp"));
-    }
-    _res = NULL;
-  done:
-    p->level--;
-    return _res;
-}
-
-// _tmp_96: dict | set | dictcomp | setcomp
-static void *
-_tmp_96_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void * _res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // dict
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_96[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "dict"));
-        expr_ty dict_var;
-        if (
-            (dict_var = dict_rule(p))  // dict
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_96[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "dict"));
-            _res = dict_var;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_96[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "dict"));
-    }
-    { // set
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_96[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "set"));
-        expr_ty set_var;
-        if (
-            (set_var = set_rule(p))  // set
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_96[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "set"));
-            _res = set_var;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_96[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "set"));
-    }
-    { // dictcomp
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_96[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "dictcomp"));
-        expr_ty dictcomp_var;
-        if (
-            (dictcomp_var = dictcomp_rule(p))  // dictcomp
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_96[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "dictcomp"));
-            _res = dictcomp_var;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_96[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "dictcomp"));
-    }
-    { // setcomp
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_96[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "setcomp"));
-        expr_ty setcomp_var;
-        if (
-            (setcomp_var = setcomp_rule(p))  // setcomp
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_96[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "setcomp"));
-            _res = setcomp_var;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_96[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "setcomp"));
-    }
-    _res = NULL;
-  done:
-    p->level--;
-    return _res;
-}
-
-// _tmp_97: yield_expr | named_expression
-static void *
-_tmp_97_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void * _res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // yield_expr
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_97[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "yield_expr"));
-        expr_ty yield_expr_var;
-        if (
-            (yield_expr_var = yield_expr_rule(p))  // yield_expr
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_97[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "yield_expr"));
-            _res = yield_expr_var;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_97[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "yield_expr"));
-    }
-    { // named_expression
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_97[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "named_expression"));
-        expr_ty named_expression_var;
-        if (
-            (named_expression_var = named_expression_rule(p))  // named_expression
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_97[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "named_expression"));
-            _res = named_expression_var;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_97[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "named_expression"));
-    }
-    _res = NULL;
-  done:
-    p->level--;
-    return _res;
-}
-
-// _loop0_98: lambda_param_no_default
-static asdl_seq *
-_loop0_98_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void *_res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    void **_children = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(void *));
-    if (!_children) {
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
-    Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // lambda_param_no_default
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_98[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param_no_default"));
-        arg_ty lambda_param_no_default_var;
-        while (
-            (lambda_param_no_default_var = lambda_param_no_default_rule(p))  // lambda_param_no_default
-        )
-        {
-            _res = lambda_param_no_default_var;
-            if (_n == _children_capacity) {
-                _children_capacity *= 2;
-                void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
-                if (!_new_children) {
-                    PyMem_Free(_children);
-                    p->error_indicator = 1;
-                    PyErr_NoMemory();
-                    p->level--;
-                    return NULL;
-                }
-                _children = _new_children;
-            }
-            _children[_n++] = _res;
-            _mark = p->mark;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_98[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param_no_default"));
-    }
-    asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
-    if (!_seq) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
-    PyMem_Free(_children);
-    p->level--;
-    return _seq;
-}
-
-// _loop0_99: lambda_param_with_default
-static asdl_seq *
-_loop0_99_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void *_res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    void **_children = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(void *));
-    if (!_children) {
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
-    Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // lambda_param_with_default
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_99[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param_with_default"));
-        NameDefaultPair* lambda_param_with_default_var;
-        while (
-            (lambda_param_with_default_var = lambda_param_with_default_rule(p))  // lambda_param_with_default
-        )
-        {
-            _res = lambda_param_with_default_var;
-            if (_n == _children_capacity) {
-                _children_capacity *= 2;
-                void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
-                if (!_new_children) {
-                    PyMem_Free(_children);
-                    p->error_indicator = 1;
-                    PyErr_NoMemory();
-                    p->level--;
-                    return NULL;
-                }
-                _children = _new_children;
-            }
-            _children[_n++] = _res;
-            _mark = p->mark;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_99[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param_with_default"));
-    }
-    asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
-    if (!_seq) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
-    PyMem_Free(_children);
-    p->level--;
-    return _seq;
-}
-
-// _loop0_100: lambda_param_with_default
-static asdl_seq *
-_loop0_100_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void *_res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    void **_children = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(void *));
-    if (!_children) {
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
-    Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // lambda_param_with_default
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_100[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param_with_default"));
-        NameDefaultPair* lambda_param_with_default_var;
-        while (
-            (lambda_param_with_default_var = lambda_param_with_default_rule(p))  // lambda_param_with_default
-        )
-        {
-            _res = lambda_param_with_default_var;
-            if (_n == _children_capacity) {
-                _children_capacity *= 2;
-                void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
-                if (!_new_children) {
-                    PyMem_Free(_children);
-                    p->error_indicator = 1;
-                    PyErr_NoMemory();
-                    p->level--;
-                    return NULL;
-                }
-                _children = _new_children;
-            }
-            _children[_n++] = _res;
-            _mark = p->mark;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_100[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param_with_default"));
-    }
-    asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
-    if (!_seq) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
-    PyMem_Free(_children);
-    p->level--;
-    return _seq;
-}
-
-// _loop1_101: lambda_param_no_default
-static asdl_seq *
-_loop1_101_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void *_res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    void **_children = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(void *));
-    if (!_children) {
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
-    Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // lambda_param_no_default
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop1_101[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param_no_default"));
-        arg_ty lambda_param_no_default_var;
-        while (
-            (lambda_param_no_default_var = lambda_param_no_default_rule(p))  // lambda_param_no_default
-        )
-        {
-            _res = lambda_param_no_default_var;
-            if (_n == _children_capacity) {
-                _children_capacity *= 2;
-                void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
-                if (!_new_children) {
-                    PyMem_Free(_children);
-                    p->error_indicator = 1;
-                    PyErr_NoMemory();
-                    p->level--;
-                    return NULL;
-                }
-                _children = _new_children;
-            }
-            _children[_n++] = _res;
-            _mark = p->mark;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop1_101[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param_no_default"));
-    }
-    if (_n == 0 || p->error_indicator) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
-    if (!_seq) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
-    PyMem_Free(_children);
-    p->level--;
-    return _seq;
-}
-
-// _loop0_102: lambda_param_with_default
-static asdl_seq *
-_loop0_102_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void *_res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    void **_children = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(void *));
-    if (!_children) {
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
-    Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // lambda_param_with_default
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_102[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param_with_default"));
-        NameDefaultPair* lambda_param_with_default_var;
-        while (
-            (lambda_param_with_default_var = lambda_param_with_default_rule(p))  // lambda_param_with_default
-        )
-        {
-            _res = lambda_param_with_default_var;
-            if (_n == _children_capacity) {
-                _children_capacity *= 2;
-                void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
-                if (!_new_children) {
-                    PyMem_Free(_children);
-                    p->error_indicator = 1;
-                    PyErr_NoMemory();
-                    p->level--;
-                    return NULL;
-                }
-                _children = _new_children;
-            }
-            _children[_n++] = _res;
-            _mark = p->mark;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_102[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param_with_default"));
-    }
-    asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
-    if (!_seq) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
-    PyMem_Free(_children);
-    p->level--;
-    return _seq;
-}
-
-// _loop1_103: lambda_param_with_default
-static asdl_seq *
-_loop1_103_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void *_res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    void **_children = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(void *));
-    if (!_children) {
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
-    Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // lambda_param_with_default
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop1_103[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param_with_default"));
-        NameDefaultPair* lambda_param_with_default_var;
-        while (
-            (lambda_param_with_default_var = lambda_param_with_default_rule(p))  // lambda_param_with_default
-        )
-        {
-            _res = lambda_param_with_default_var;
-            if (_n == _children_capacity) {
-                _children_capacity *= 2;
-                void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
-                if (!_new_children) {
-                    PyMem_Free(_children);
-                    p->error_indicator = 1;
-                    PyErr_NoMemory();
-                    p->level--;
-                    return NULL;
-                }
-                _children = _new_children;
-            }
-            _children[_n++] = _res;
-            _mark = p->mark;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop1_103[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param_with_default"));
-    }
-    if (_n == 0 || p->error_indicator) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
-    if (!_seq) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
-    PyMem_Free(_children);
-    p->level--;
-    return _seq;
-}
-
-// _loop1_104: lambda_param_no_default
-static asdl_seq *
-_loop1_104_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void *_res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    void **_children = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(void *));
-    if (!_children) {
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
-    Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // lambda_param_no_default
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop1_104[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param_no_default"));
-        arg_ty lambda_param_no_default_var;
-        while (
-            (lambda_param_no_default_var = lambda_param_no_default_rule(p))  // lambda_param_no_default
-        )
-        {
-            _res = lambda_param_no_default_var;
-            if (_n == _children_capacity) {
-                _children_capacity *= 2;
-                void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
-                if (!_new_children) {
-                    PyMem_Free(_children);
-                    p->error_indicator = 1;
-                    PyErr_NoMemory();
-                    p->level--;
-                    return NULL;
-                }
-                _children = _new_children;
-            }
-            _children[_n++] = _res;
-            _mark = p->mark;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop1_104[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param_no_default"));
-    }
-    if (_n == 0 || p->error_indicator) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
-    if (!_seq) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
-    PyMem_Free(_children);
-    p->level--;
-    return _seq;
-}
-
-// _loop1_105: lambda_param_no_default
-static asdl_seq *
-_loop1_105_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void *_res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    void **_children = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(void *));
-    if (!_children) {
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
-    Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // lambda_param_no_default
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop1_105[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param_no_default"));
-        arg_ty lambda_param_no_default_var;
-        while (
-            (lambda_param_no_default_var = lambda_param_no_default_rule(p))  // lambda_param_no_default
-        )
-        {
-            _res = lambda_param_no_default_var;
-            if (_n == _children_capacity) {
-                _children_capacity *= 2;
-                void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
-                if (!_new_children) {
-                    PyMem_Free(_children);
-                    p->error_indicator = 1;
-                    PyErr_NoMemory();
-                    p->level--;
-                    return NULL;
-                }
-                _children = _new_children;
-            }
-            _children[_n++] = _res;
-            _mark = p->mark;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop1_105[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param_no_default"));
-    }
-    if (_n == 0 || p->error_indicator) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
-    if (!_seq) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
-    PyMem_Free(_children);
-    p->level--;
-    return _seq;
-}
-
-// _loop0_106: lambda_param_no_default
-static asdl_seq *
-_loop0_106_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void *_res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    void **_children = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(void *));
-    if (!_children) {
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
-    Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // lambda_param_no_default
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_106[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param_no_default"));
-        arg_ty lambda_param_no_default_var;
-        while (
-            (lambda_param_no_default_var = lambda_param_no_default_rule(p))  // lambda_param_no_default
-        )
-        {
-            _res = lambda_param_no_default_var;
-            if (_n == _children_capacity) {
-                _children_capacity *= 2;
-                void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
-                if (!_new_children) {
-                    PyMem_Free(_children);
-                    p->error_indicator = 1;
-                    PyErr_NoMemory();
-                    p->level--;
-                    return NULL;
-                }
-                _children = _new_children;
-            }
-            _children[_n++] = _res;
-            _mark = p->mark;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_106[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param_no_default"));
-    }
-    asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
-    if (!_seq) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
-    PyMem_Free(_children);
-    p->level--;
-    return _seq;
-}
-
-// _loop1_107: lambda_param_with_default
-static asdl_seq *
-_loop1_107_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void *_res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    void **_children = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(void *));
-    if (!_children) {
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
-    Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // lambda_param_with_default
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop1_107[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param_with_default"));
-        NameDefaultPair* lambda_param_with_default_var;
-        while (
-            (lambda_param_with_default_var = lambda_param_with_default_rule(p))  // lambda_param_with_default
-        )
-        {
-            _res = lambda_param_with_default_var;
-            if (_n == _children_capacity) {
-                _children_capacity *= 2;
-                void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
-                if (!_new_children) {
-                    PyMem_Free(_children);
-                    p->error_indicator = 1;
-                    PyErr_NoMemory();
-                    p->level--;
-                    return NULL;
-                }
-                _children = _new_children;
-            }
-            _children[_n++] = _res;
-            _mark = p->mark;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop1_107[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param_with_default"));
-    }
-    if (_n == 0 || p->error_indicator) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
-    if (!_seq) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
-    PyMem_Free(_children);
-    p->level--;
-    return _seq;
-}
-
-// _loop0_108: lambda_param_no_default
-static asdl_seq *
-_loop0_108_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void *_res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    void **_children = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(void *));
-    if (!_children) {
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
-    Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // lambda_param_no_default
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_108[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param_no_default"));
-        arg_ty lambda_param_no_default_var;
-        while (
-            (lambda_param_no_default_var = lambda_param_no_default_rule(p))  // lambda_param_no_default
-        )
-        {
-            _res = lambda_param_no_default_var;
-            if (_n == _children_capacity) {
-                _children_capacity *= 2;
-                void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
-                if (!_new_children) {
-                    PyMem_Free(_children);
-                    p->error_indicator = 1;
-                    PyErr_NoMemory();
-                    p->level--;
-                    return NULL;
-                }
-                _children = _new_children;
-            }
-            _children[_n++] = _res;
-            _mark = p->mark;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_108[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param_no_default"));
-    }
-    asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
-    if (!_seq) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
-    PyMem_Free(_children);
-    p->level--;
-    return _seq;
-}
-
-// _loop1_109: lambda_param_with_default
-static asdl_seq *
-_loop1_109_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void *_res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    void **_children = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(void *));
-    if (!_children) {
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
-    Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // lambda_param_with_default
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop1_109[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param_with_default"));
-        NameDefaultPair* lambda_param_with_default_var;
-        while (
-            (lambda_param_with_default_var = lambda_param_with_default_rule(p))  // lambda_param_with_default
-        )
-        {
-            _res = lambda_param_with_default_var;
-            if (_n == _children_capacity) {
-                _children_capacity *= 2;
-                void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
-                if (!_new_children) {
-                    PyMem_Free(_children);
-                    p->error_indicator = 1;
-                    PyErr_NoMemory();
-                    p->level--;
-                    return NULL;
-                }
-                _children = _new_children;
-            }
-            _children[_n++] = _res;
-            _mark = p->mark;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop1_109[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param_with_default"));
-    }
-    if (_n == 0 || p->error_indicator) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
-    if (!_seq) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
-    PyMem_Free(_children);
-    p->level--;
-    return _seq;
-}
-
-// _loop0_110: lambda_param_maybe_default
-static asdl_seq *
-_loop0_110_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void *_res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    void **_children = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(void *));
-    if (!_children) {
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
-    Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // lambda_param_maybe_default
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_110[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param_maybe_default"));
-        NameDefaultPair* lambda_param_maybe_default_var;
-        while (
-            (lambda_param_maybe_default_var = lambda_param_maybe_default_rule(p))  // lambda_param_maybe_default
-        )
-        {
-            _res = lambda_param_maybe_default_var;
-            if (_n == _children_capacity) {
-                _children_capacity *= 2;
-                void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
-                if (!_new_children) {
-                    PyMem_Free(_children);
-                    p->error_indicator = 1;
-                    PyErr_NoMemory();
-                    p->level--;
-                    return NULL;
-                }
-                _children = _new_children;
-            }
-            _children[_n++] = _res;
-            _mark = p->mark;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_110[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param_maybe_default"));
-    }
-    asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
-    if (!_seq) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
-    PyMem_Free(_children);
-    p->level--;
-    return _seq;
-}
-
-// _loop1_111: lambda_param_maybe_default
-static asdl_seq *
-_loop1_111_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void *_res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    void **_children = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(void *));
-    if (!_children) {
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
-    Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // lambda_param_maybe_default
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop1_111[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param_maybe_default"));
-        NameDefaultPair* lambda_param_maybe_default_var;
-        while (
-            (lambda_param_maybe_default_var = lambda_param_maybe_default_rule(p))  // lambda_param_maybe_default
-        )
-        {
-            _res = lambda_param_maybe_default_var;
-            if (_n == _children_capacity) {
-                _children_capacity *= 2;
-                void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
-                if (!_new_children) {
-                    PyMem_Free(_children);
-                    p->error_indicator = 1;
-                    PyErr_NoMemory();
-                    p->level--;
-                    return NULL;
-                }
-                _children = _new_children;
-            }
-            _children[_n++] = _res;
-            _mark = p->mark;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop1_111[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param_maybe_default"));
-    }
-    if (_n == 0 || p->error_indicator) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
-    if (!_seq) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
-    PyMem_Free(_children);
-    p->level--;
-    return _seq;
-}
-
-// _loop0_112: fstring_format_spec
-static asdl_seq *
-_loop0_112_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void *_res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    void **_children = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(void *));
-    if (!_children) {
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
-    Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // fstring_format_spec
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_112[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "fstring_format_spec"));
-        expr_ty fstring_format_spec_var;
-        while (
-            (fstring_format_spec_var = fstring_format_spec_rule(p))  // fstring_format_spec
-        )
-        {
-            _res = fstring_format_spec_var;
-            if (_n == _children_capacity) {
-                _children_capacity *= 2;
-                void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
-                if (!_new_children) {
-                    PyMem_Free(_children);
-                    p->error_indicator = 1;
-                    PyErr_NoMemory();
-                    p->level--;
-                    return NULL;
-                }
-                _children = _new_children;
-            }
-            _children[_n++] = _res;
-            _mark = p->mark;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_112[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "fstring_format_spec"));
-    }
-    asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
-    if (!_seq) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
-    PyMem_Free(_children);
-    p->level--;
-    return _seq;
-}
-
-// _loop0_113: fstring_middle
-static asdl_seq *
-_loop0_113_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void *_res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    void **_children = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(void *));
-    if (!_children) {
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
-    Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // fstring_middle
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_113[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "fstring_middle"));
-        expr_ty fstring_middle_var;
-        while (
-            (fstring_middle_var = fstring_middle_rule(p))  // fstring_middle
-        )
-        {
-            _res = fstring_middle_var;
-            if (_n == _children_capacity) {
-                _children_capacity *= 2;
-                void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
-                if (!_new_children) {
-                    PyMem_Free(_children);
-                    p->error_indicator = 1;
-                    PyErr_NoMemory();
-                    p->level--;
-                    return NULL;
-                }
-                _children = _new_children;
-            }
-            _children[_n++] = _res;
-            _mark = p->mark;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_113[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "fstring_middle"));
-    }
-    asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
-    if (!_seq) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
-    PyMem_Free(_children);
-    p->level--;
-    return _seq;
-}
-
-// _loop1_114: (fstring | string)
-static asdl_seq *
-_loop1_114_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void *_res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    void **_children = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(void *));
-    if (!_children) {
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
-    Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // (fstring | string)
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop1_114[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "(fstring | string)"));
-        void *_tmp_254_var;
-        while (
-            (_tmp_254_var = _tmp_254_rule(p))  // fstring | string
-        )
-        {
-            _res = _tmp_254_var;
-            if (_n == _children_capacity) {
-                _children_capacity *= 2;
-                void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
-                if (!_new_children) {
-                    PyMem_Free(_children);
-                    p->error_indicator = 1;
-                    PyErr_NoMemory();
-                    p->level--;
-                    return NULL;
-                }
-                _children = _new_children;
-            }
-            _children[_n++] = _res;
-            _mark = p->mark;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop1_114[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "(fstring | string)"));
-    }
-    if (_n == 0 || p->error_indicator) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
-    if (!_seq) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
-    PyMem_Free(_children);
-    p->level--;
-    return _seq;
-}
-
-// _tmp_115: star_named_expression ',' star_named_expressions?
-static void *
-_tmp_115_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void * _res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // star_named_expression ',' star_named_expressions?
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_115[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "star_named_expression ',' star_named_expressions?"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        expr_ty y;
-        void *z;
-        if (
-            (y = star_named_expression_rule(p))  // star_named_expression
-            &&
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
-            &&
-            (z = star_named_expressions_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // star_named_expressions?
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_115[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "star_named_expression ',' star_named_expressions?"));
-            _res = _PyPegen_seq_insert_in_front ( p , y , z );
-            if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
-                p->error_indicator = 1;
-                p->level--;
-                return NULL;
-            }
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_115[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "star_named_expression ',' star_named_expressions?"));
-    }
-    _res = NULL;
-  done:
-    p->level--;
-    return _res;
-}
-
-// _loop0_117: ',' double_starred_kvpair
-static asdl_seq *
-_loop0_117_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void *_res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    void **_children = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(void *));
-    if (!_children) {
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
-    Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // ',' double_starred_kvpair
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_117[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' double_starred_kvpair"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        KeyValuePair* elem;
-        while (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
-            &&
-            (elem = double_starred_kvpair_rule(p))  // double_starred_kvpair
-        )
-        {
-            _res = elem;
-            if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
-                p->error_indicator = 1;
-                PyMem_Free(_children);
-                p->level--;
-                return NULL;
-            }
-            if (_n == _children_capacity) {
-                _children_capacity *= 2;
-                void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
-                if (!_new_children) {
-                    PyMem_Free(_children);
-                    p->error_indicator = 1;
-                    PyErr_NoMemory();
-                    p->level--;
-                    return NULL;
-                }
-                _children = _new_children;
-            }
-            _children[_n++] = _res;
-            _mark = p->mark;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_117[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "',' double_starred_kvpair"));
-    }
-    asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
-    if (!_seq) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
-    PyMem_Free(_children);
-    p->level--;
-    return _seq;
-}
-
-// _gather_116: double_starred_kvpair _loop0_117
-static asdl_seq *
-_gather_116_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    asdl_seq * _res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // double_starred_kvpair _loop0_117
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _gather_116[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "double_starred_kvpair _loop0_117"));
-        KeyValuePair* elem;
-        asdl_seq * seq;
-        if (
-            (elem = double_starred_kvpair_rule(p))  // double_starred_kvpair
-            &&
-            (seq = _loop0_117_rule(p))  // _loop0_117
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _gather_116[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "double_starred_kvpair _loop0_117"));
-            _res = _PyPegen_seq_insert_in_front(p, elem, seq);
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _gather_116[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "double_starred_kvpair _loop0_117"));
-    }
-    _res = NULL;
-  done:
-    p->level--;
-    return _res;
-}
-
-// _loop1_118: for_if_clause
-static asdl_seq *
-_loop1_118_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void *_res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    void **_children = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(void *));
-    if (!_children) {
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
-    Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // for_if_clause
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop1_118[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "for_if_clause"));
-        comprehension_ty for_if_clause_var;
-        while (
-            (for_if_clause_var = for_if_clause_rule(p))  // for_if_clause
-        )
-        {
-            _res = for_if_clause_var;
-            if (_n == _children_capacity) {
-                _children_capacity *= 2;
-                void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
-                if (!_new_children) {
-                    PyMem_Free(_children);
-                    p->error_indicator = 1;
-                    PyErr_NoMemory();
-                    p->level--;
-                    return NULL;
-                }
-                _children = _new_children;
-            }
-            _children[_n++] = _res;
-            _mark = p->mark;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop1_118[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "for_if_clause"));
-    }
-    if (_n == 0 || p->error_indicator) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
-    if (!_seq) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
-    PyMem_Free(_children);
-    p->level--;
-    return _seq;
-}
-
-// _loop0_119: ('if' disjunction)
-static asdl_seq *
-_loop0_119_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void *_res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    void **_children = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(void *));
-    if (!_children) {
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
-    Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // ('if' disjunction)
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_119[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "('if' disjunction)"));
-        void *_tmp_255_var;
-        while (
-            (_tmp_255_var = _tmp_255_rule(p))  // 'if' disjunction
-        )
-        {
-            _res = _tmp_255_var;
-            if (_n == _children_capacity) {
-                _children_capacity *= 2;
-                void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
-                if (!_new_children) {
-                    PyMem_Free(_children);
-                    p->error_indicator = 1;
-                    PyErr_NoMemory();
-                    p->level--;
-                    return NULL;
-                }
-                _children = _new_children;
-            }
-            _children[_n++] = _res;
-            _mark = p->mark;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_119[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "('if' disjunction)"));
-    }
-    asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
-    if (!_seq) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
-    PyMem_Free(_children);
-    p->level--;
-    return _seq;
-}
-
-// _loop0_120: ('if' disjunction)
-static asdl_seq *
-_loop0_120_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void *_res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    void **_children = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(void *));
-    if (!_children) {
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
-    Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // ('if' disjunction)
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_120[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "('if' disjunction)"));
-        void *_tmp_256_var;
-        while (
-            (_tmp_256_var = _tmp_256_rule(p))  // 'if' disjunction
-        )
-        {
-            _res = _tmp_256_var;
-            if (_n == _children_capacity) {
-                _children_capacity *= 2;
-                void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
-                if (!_new_children) {
-                    PyMem_Free(_children);
-                    p->error_indicator = 1;
-                    PyErr_NoMemory();
-                    p->level--;
-                    return NULL;
-                }
-                _children = _new_children;
-            }
-            _children[_n++] = _res;
-            _mark = p->mark;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_120[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "('if' disjunction)"));
-    }
-    asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
-    if (!_seq) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
-    PyMem_Free(_children);
-    p->level--;
-    return _seq;
-}
-
-// _tmp_121: assignment_expression | expression !':='
-static void *
-_tmp_121_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void * _res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // assignment_expression
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_121[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "assignment_expression"));
-        expr_ty assignment_expression_var;
-        if (
-            (assignment_expression_var = assignment_expression_rule(p))  // assignment_expression
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_121[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "assignment_expression"));
-            _res = assignment_expression_var;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_121[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "assignment_expression"));
-    }
-    { // expression !':='
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_121[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "expression !':='"));
-        expr_ty expression_var;
-        if (
-            (expression_var = expression_rule(p))  // expression
-            &&
-            _PyPegen_lookahead_with_int(0, _PyPegen_expect_token, p, 53)  // token=':='
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_121[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "expression !':='"));
-            _res = expression_var;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_121[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "expression !':='"));
-    }
-    _res = NULL;
-  done:
-    p->level--;
-    return _res;
-}
-
-// _loop0_123: ',' (starred_expression | (assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'=')
-static asdl_seq *
-_loop0_123_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void *_res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    void **_children = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(void *));
-    if (!_children) {
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
-    Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // ',' (starred_expression | (assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'=')
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_123[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' (starred_expression | (assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'=')"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        void *elem;
-        while (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
-            &&
-            (elem = _tmp_257_rule(p))  // starred_expression | (assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'='
-        )
-        {
-            _res = elem;
-            if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
-                p->error_indicator = 1;
-                PyMem_Free(_children);
-                p->level--;
-                return NULL;
-            }
-            if (_n == _children_capacity) {
-                _children_capacity *= 2;
-                void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
-                if (!_new_children) {
-                    PyMem_Free(_children);
-                    p->error_indicator = 1;
-                    PyErr_NoMemory();
-                    p->level--;
-                    return NULL;
-                }
-                _children = _new_children;
-            }
-            _children[_n++] = _res;
-            _mark = p->mark;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_123[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "',' (starred_expression | (assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'=')"));
-    }
-    asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
-    if (!_seq) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
-    PyMem_Free(_children);
-    p->level--;
-    return _seq;
-}
-
-// _gather_122:
-//     | (starred_expression | (assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'=') _loop0_123
-static asdl_seq *
-_gather_122_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    asdl_seq * _res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // (starred_expression | (assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'=') _loop0_123
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _gather_122[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "(starred_expression | (assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'=') _loop0_123"));
-        void *elem;
-        asdl_seq * seq;
-        if (
-            (elem = _tmp_257_rule(p))  // starred_expression | (assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'='
-            &&
-            (seq = _loop0_123_rule(p))  // _loop0_123
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _gather_122[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "(starred_expression | (assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'=') _loop0_123"));
-            _res = _PyPegen_seq_insert_in_front(p, elem, seq);
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _gather_122[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "(starred_expression | (assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'=') _loop0_123"));
-    }
-    _res = NULL;
-  done:
-    p->level--;
-    return _res;
-}
-
-// _tmp_124: ',' kwargs
-static void *
-_tmp_124_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void * _res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // ',' kwargs
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_124[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' kwargs"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        asdl_seq* k;
-        if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
-            &&
-            (k = kwargs_rule(p))  // kwargs
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_124[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' kwargs"));
-            _res = k;
-            if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
-                p->error_indicator = 1;
-                p->level--;
-                return NULL;
-            }
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_124[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "',' kwargs"));
-    }
-    _res = NULL;
-  done:
-    p->level--;
-    return _res;
-}
-
-// _loop0_126: ',' kwarg_or_starred
-static asdl_seq *
-_loop0_126_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void *_res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    void **_children = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(void *));
-    if (!_children) {
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
-    Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // ',' kwarg_or_starred
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_126[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' kwarg_or_starred"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        KeywordOrStarred* elem;
-        while (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
-            &&
-            (elem = kwarg_or_starred_rule(p))  // kwarg_or_starred
-        )
-        {
-            _res = elem;
-            if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
-                p->error_indicator = 1;
-                PyMem_Free(_children);
-                p->level--;
-                return NULL;
-            }
-            if (_n == _children_capacity) {
-                _children_capacity *= 2;
-                void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
-                if (!_new_children) {
-                    PyMem_Free(_children);
-                    p->error_indicator = 1;
-                    PyErr_NoMemory();
-                    p->level--;
-                    return NULL;
-                }
-                _children = _new_children;
-            }
-            _children[_n++] = _res;
-            _mark = p->mark;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_126[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "',' kwarg_or_starred"));
-    }
-    asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
-    if (!_seq) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
-    PyMem_Free(_children);
-    p->level--;
-    return _seq;
-}
-
-// _gather_125: kwarg_or_starred _loop0_126
-static asdl_seq *
-_gather_125_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    asdl_seq * _res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // kwarg_or_starred _loop0_126
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _gather_125[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "kwarg_or_starred _loop0_126"));
-        KeywordOrStarred* elem;
-        asdl_seq * seq;
-        if (
-            (elem = kwarg_or_starred_rule(p))  // kwarg_or_starred
-            &&
-            (seq = _loop0_126_rule(p))  // _loop0_126
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _gather_125[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "kwarg_or_starred _loop0_126"));
-            _res = _PyPegen_seq_insert_in_front(p, elem, seq);
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _gather_125[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "kwarg_or_starred _loop0_126"));
-    }
-    _res = NULL;
-  done:
-    p->level--;
-    return _res;
-}
-
-// _loop0_128: ',' kwarg_or_double_starred
-static asdl_seq *
-_loop0_128_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void *_res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    void **_children = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(void *));
-    if (!_children) {
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
-    Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // ',' kwarg_or_double_starred
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_128[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' kwarg_or_double_starred"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        KeywordOrStarred* elem;
-        while (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
-            &&
-            (elem = kwarg_or_double_starred_rule(p))  // kwarg_or_double_starred
-        )
-        {
-            _res = elem;
-            if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
-                p->error_indicator = 1;
-                PyMem_Free(_children);
-                p->level--;
-                return NULL;
-            }
-            if (_n == _children_capacity) {
-                _children_capacity *= 2;
-                void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
-                if (!_new_children) {
-                    PyMem_Free(_children);
-                    p->error_indicator = 1;
-                    PyErr_NoMemory();
-                    p->level--;
-                    return NULL;
-                }
-                _children = _new_children;
-            }
-            _children[_n++] = _res;
-            _mark = p->mark;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_128[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "',' kwarg_or_double_starred"));
-    }
-    asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
-    if (!_seq) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
-    PyMem_Free(_children);
-    p->level--;
-    return _seq;
-}
-
-// _gather_127: kwarg_or_double_starred _loop0_128
-static asdl_seq *
-_gather_127_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    asdl_seq * _res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // kwarg_or_double_starred _loop0_128
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _gather_127[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "kwarg_or_double_starred _loop0_128"));
-        KeywordOrStarred* elem;
-        asdl_seq * seq;
-        if (
-            (elem = kwarg_or_double_starred_rule(p))  // kwarg_or_double_starred
-            &&
-            (seq = _loop0_128_rule(p))  // _loop0_128
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _gather_127[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "kwarg_or_double_starred _loop0_128"));
-            _res = _PyPegen_seq_insert_in_front(p, elem, seq);
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _gather_127[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "kwarg_or_double_starred _loop0_128"));
-    }
-    _res = NULL;
-  done:
-    p->level--;
-    return _res;
-}
-
-// _loop0_130: ',' kwarg_or_starred
-static asdl_seq *
-_loop0_130_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void *_res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    void **_children = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(void *));
-    if (!_children) {
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
-    Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // ',' kwarg_or_starred
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_130[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' kwarg_or_starred"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        KeywordOrStarred* elem;
-        while (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
-            &&
-            (elem = kwarg_or_starred_rule(p))  // kwarg_or_starred
-        )
-        {
-            _res = elem;
-            if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
-                p->error_indicator = 1;
-                PyMem_Free(_children);
-                p->level--;
-                return NULL;
-            }
-            if (_n == _children_capacity) {
-                _children_capacity *= 2;
-                void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
-                if (!_new_children) {
-                    PyMem_Free(_children);
-                    p->error_indicator = 1;
-                    PyErr_NoMemory();
-                    p->level--;
-                    return NULL;
-                }
-                _children = _new_children;
-            }
-            _children[_n++] = _res;
-            _mark = p->mark;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_130[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "',' kwarg_or_starred"));
-    }
-    asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
-    if (!_seq) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
-    PyMem_Free(_children);
-    p->level--;
-    return _seq;
-}
-
-// _gather_129: kwarg_or_starred _loop0_130
-static asdl_seq *
-_gather_129_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    asdl_seq * _res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // kwarg_or_starred _loop0_130
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _gather_129[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "kwarg_or_starred _loop0_130"));
-        KeywordOrStarred* elem;
-        asdl_seq * seq;
-        if (
-            (elem = kwarg_or_starred_rule(p))  // kwarg_or_starred
-            &&
-            (seq = _loop0_130_rule(p))  // _loop0_130
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _gather_129[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "kwarg_or_starred _loop0_130"));
-            _res = _PyPegen_seq_insert_in_front(p, elem, seq);
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _gather_129[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "kwarg_or_starred _loop0_130"));
-    }
-    _res = NULL;
-  done:
-    p->level--;
-    return _res;
-}
-
-// _loop0_132: ',' kwarg_or_double_starred
-static asdl_seq *
-_loop0_132_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void *_res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    void **_children = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(void *));
-    if (!_children) {
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
-    Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // ',' kwarg_or_double_starred
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_132[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' kwarg_or_double_starred"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        KeywordOrStarred* elem;
-        while (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
-            &&
-            (elem = kwarg_or_double_starred_rule(p))  // kwarg_or_double_starred
-        )
-        {
-            _res = elem;
-            if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
-                p->error_indicator = 1;
-                PyMem_Free(_children);
-                p->level--;
-                return NULL;
-            }
-            if (_n == _children_capacity) {
-                _children_capacity *= 2;
-                void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
-                if (!_new_children) {
-                    PyMem_Free(_children);
-                    p->error_indicator = 1;
-                    PyErr_NoMemory();
-                    p->level--;
-                    return NULL;
-                }
-                _children = _new_children;
-            }
-            _children[_n++] = _res;
-            _mark = p->mark;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_132[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "',' kwarg_or_double_starred"));
-    }
-    asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
-    if (!_seq) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
-    PyMem_Free(_children);
-    p->level--;
-    return _seq;
-}
-
-// _gather_131: kwarg_or_double_starred _loop0_132
-static asdl_seq *
-_gather_131_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    asdl_seq * _res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // kwarg_or_double_starred _loop0_132
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _gather_131[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "kwarg_or_double_starred _loop0_132"));
-        KeywordOrStarred* elem;
-        asdl_seq * seq;
-        if (
-            (elem = kwarg_or_double_starred_rule(p))  // kwarg_or_double_starred
-            &&
-            (seq = _loop0_132_rule(p))  // _loop0_132
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _gather_131[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "kwarg_or_double_starred _loop0_132"));
-            _res = _PyPegen_seq_insert_in_front(p, elem, seq);
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _gather_131[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "kwarg_or_double_starred _loop0_132"));
-    }
-    _res = NULL;
-  done:
-    p->level--;
-    return _res;
-}
-
-// _loop0_133: (',' star_target)
-static asdl_seq *
-_loop0_133_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void *_res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    void **_children = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(void *));
-    if (!_children) {
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
-    Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // (',' star_target)
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_133[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "(',' star_target)"));
-        void *_tmp_258_var;
-        while (
-            (_tmp_258_var = _tmp_258_rule(p))  // ',' star_target
-        )
-        {
-            _res = _tmp_258_var;
-            if (_n == _children_capacity) {
-                _children_capacity *= 2;
-                void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
-                if (!_new_children) {
-                    PyMem_Free(_children);
-                    p->error_indicator = 1;
-                    PyErr_NoMemory();
-                    p->level--;
-                    return NULL;
-                }
-                _children = _new_children;
-            }
-            _children[_n++] = _res;
-            _mark = p->mark;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_133[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "(',' star_target)"));
-    }
-    asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
-    if (!_seq) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
-    PyMem_Free(_children);
-    p->level--;
-    return _seq;
-}
-
-// _loop0_135: ',' star_target
-static asdl_seq *
-_loop0_135_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void *_res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    void **_children = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(void *));
-    if (!_children) {
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
-    Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // ',' star_target
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_135[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' star_target"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        expr_ty elem;
-        while (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
-            &&
-            (elem = star_target_rule(p))  // star_target
-        )
-        {
-            _res = elem;
-            if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
-                p->error_indicator = 1;
-                PyMem_Free(_children);
-                p->level--;
-                return NULL;
-            }
-            if (_n == _children_capacity) {
-                _children_capacity *= 2;
-                void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
-                if (!_new_children) {
-                    PyMem_Free(_children);
-                    p->error_indicator = 1;
-                    PyErr_NoMemory();
-                    p->level--;
-                    return NULL;
-                }
-                _children = _new_children;
-            }
-            _children[_n++] = _res;
-            _mark = p->mark;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_135[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "',' star_target"));
-    }
-    asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
-    if (!_seq) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
-    PyMem_Free(_children);
-    p->level--;
-    return _seq;
-}
-
-// _gather_134: star_target _loop0_135
-static asdl_seq *
-_gather_134_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    asdl_seq * _res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // star_target _loop0_135
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _gather_134[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "star_target _loop0_135"));
-        expr_ty elem;
-        asdl_seq * seq;
-        if (
-            (elem = star_target_rule(p))  // star_target
-            &&
-            (seq = _loop0_135_rule(p))  // _loop0_135
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _gather_134[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "star_target _loop0_135"));
-            _res = _PyPegen_seq_insert_in_front(p, elem, seq);
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _gather_134[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "star_target _loop0_135"));
-    }
-    _res = NULL;
-  done:
-    p->level--;
-    return _res;
-}
-
-// _loop1_136: (',' star_target)
-static asdl_seq *
-_loop1_136_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void *_res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    void **_children = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(void *));
-    if (!_children) {
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
-    Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // (',' star_target)
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop1_136[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "(',' star_target)"));
-        void *_tmp_259_var;
-        while (
-            (_tmp_259_var = _tmp_259_rule(p))  // ',' star_target
-        )
-        {
-            _res = _tmp_259_var;
-            if (_n == _children_capacity) {
-                _children_capacity *= 2;
-                void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
-                if (!_new_children) {
-                    PyMem_Free(_children);
-                    p->error_indicator = 1;
-                    PyErr_NoMemory();
-                    p->level--;
-                    return NULL;
-                }
-                _children = _new_children;
-            }
-            _children[_n++] = _res;
-            _mark = p->mark;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop1_136[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "(',' star_target)"));
-    }
-    if (_n == 0 || p->error_indicator) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
-    if (!_seq) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
-    PyMem_Free(_children);
-    p->level--;
-    return _seq;
-}
-
-// _tmp_137: !'*' star_target
-static void *
-_tmp_137_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void * _res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // !'*' star_target
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_137[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "!'*' star_target"));
-        expr_ty star_target_var;
-        if (
-            _PyPegen_lookahead_with_int(0, _PyPegen_expect_token, p, 16)  // token='*'
-            &&
-            (star_target_var = star_target_rule(p))  // star_target
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_137[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "!'*' star_target"));
-            _res = star_target_var;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_137[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "!'*' star_target"));
-    }
-    _res = NULL;
-  done:
-    p->level--;
-    return _res;
-}
-
-// _loop0_139: ',' del_target
-static asdl_seq *
-_loop0_139_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void *_res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    void **_children = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(void *));
-    if (!_children) {
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
-    Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // ',' del_target
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_139[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' del_target"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        expr_ty elem;
-        while (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
-            &&
-            (elem = del_target_rule(p))  // del_target
-        )
-        {
-            _res = elem;
-            if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
-                p->error_indicator = 1;
-                PyMem_Free(_children);
-                p->level--;
-                return NULL;
-            }
-            if (_n == _children_capacity) {
-                _children_capacity *= 2;
-                void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
-                if (!_new_children) {
-                    PyMem_Free(_children);
-                    p->error_indicator = 1;
-                    PyErr_NoMemory();
-                    p->level--;
-                    return NULL;
-                }
-                _children = _new_children;
-            }
-            _children[_n++] = _res;
-            _mark = p->mark;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_139[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "',' del_target"));
-    }
-    asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
-    if (!_seq) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
-    PyMem_Free(_children);
-    p->level--;
-    return _seq;
-}
-
-// _gather_138: del_target _loop0_139
-static asdl_seq *
-_gather_138_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    asdl_seq * _res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // del_target _loop0_139
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _gather_138[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "del_target _loop0_139"));
-        expr_ty elem;
-        asdl_seq * seq;
-        if (
-            (elem = del_target_rule(p))  // del_target
-            &&
-            (seq = _loop0_139_rule(p))  // _loop0_139
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _gather_138[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "del_target _loop0_139"));
-            _res = _PyPegen_seq_insert_in_front(p, elem, seq);
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _gather_138[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "del_target _loop0_139"));
-    }
-    _res = NULL;
-  done:
-    p->level--;
-    return _res;
-}
-
-// _loop0_141: ',' expression
-static asdl_seq *
-_loop0_141_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void *_res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    void **_children = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(void *));
-    if (!_children) {
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
-    Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // ',' expression
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_141[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' expression"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        expr_ty elem;
-        while (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
-            &&
-            (elem = expression_rule(p))  // expression
-        )
-        {
-            _res = elem;
-            if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
-                p->error_indicator = 1;
-                PyMem_Free(_children);
-                p->level--;
-                return NULL;
-            }
-            if (_n == _children_capacity) {
-                _children_capacity *= 2;
-                void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
-                if (!_new_children) {
-                    PyMem_Free(_children);
-                    p->error_indicator = 1;
-                    PyErr_NoMemory();
-                    p->level--;
-                    return NULL;
-                }
-                _children = _new_children;
-            }
-            _children[_n++] = _res;
-            _mark = p->mark;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_141[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "',' expression"));
-    }
-    asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
-    if (!_seq) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
-    PyMem_Free(_children);
-    p->level--;
-    return _seq;
-}
-
-// _gather_140: expression _loop0_141
-static asdl_seq *
-_gather_140_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    asdl_seq * _res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // expression _loop0_141
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _gather_140[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "expression _loop0_141"));
-        expr_ty elem;
-        asdl_seq * seq;
-        if (
-            (elem = expression_rule(p))  // expression
-            &&
-            (seq = _loop0_141_rule(p))  // _loop0_141
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _gather_140[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "expression _loop0_141"));
-            _res = _PyPegen_seq_insert_in_front(p, elem, seq);
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _gather_140[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "expression _loop0_141"));
-    }
-    _res = NULL;
-  done:
-    p->level--;
-    return _res;
-}
-
-// _loop0_143: ',' expression
-static asdl_seq *
-_loop0_143_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void *_res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    void **_children = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(void *));
-    if (!_children) {
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
-    Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // ',' expression
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_143[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' expression"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        expr_ty elem;
-        while (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
-            &&
-            (elem = expression_rule(p))  // expression
-        )
-        {
-            _res = elem;
-            if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
-                p->error_indicator = 1;
-                PyMem_Free(_children);
-                p->level--;
-                return NULL;
-            }
-            if (_n == _children_capacity) {
-                _children_capacity *= 2;
-                void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
-                if (!_new_children) {
-                    PyMem_Free(_children);
-                    p->error_indicator = 1;
-                    PyErr_NoMemory();
-                    p->level--;
-                    return NULL;
-                }
-                _children = _new_children;
-            }
-            _children[_n++] = _res;
-            _mark = p->mark;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_143[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "',' expression"));
-    }
-    asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
-    if (!_seq) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
-    PyMem_Free(_children);
-    p->level--;
-    return _seq;
-}
-
-// _gather_142: expression _loop0_143
-static asdl_seq *
-_gather_142_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    asdl_seq * _res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // expression _loop0_143
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _gather_142[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "expression _loop0_143"));
-        expr_ty elem;
-        asdl_seq * seq;
-        if (
-            (elem = expression_rule(p))  // expression
-            &&
-            (seq = _loop0_143_rule(p))  // _loop0_143
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _gather_142[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "expression _loop0_143"));
-            _res = _PyPegen_seq_insert_in_front(p, elem, seq);
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _gather_142[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "expression _loop0_143"));
-    }
-    _res = NULL;
-  done:
-    p->level--;
-    return _res;
-}
-
-// _loop0_145: ',' expression
-static asdl_seq *
-_loop0_145_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void *_res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    void **_children = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(void *));
-    if (!_children) {
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
-    Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // ',' expression
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_145[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' expression"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        expr_ty elem;
-        while (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
-            &&
-            (elem = expression_rule(p))  // expression
-        )
-        {
-            _res = elem;
-            if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
-                p->error_indicator = 1;
-                PyMem_Free(_children);
-                p->level--;
-                return NULL;
-            }
-            if (_n == _children_capacity) {
-                _children_capacity *= 2;
-                void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
-                if (!_new_children) {
-                    PyMem_Free(_children);
-                    p->error_indicator = 1;
-                    PyErr_NoMemory();
-                    p->level--;
-                    return NULL;
-                }
-                _children = _new_children;
-            }
-            _children[_n++] = _res;
-            _mark = p->mark;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_145[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "',' expression"));
-    }
-    asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
-    if (!_seq) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
-    PyMem_Free(_children);
-    p->level--;
-    return _seq;
-}
-
-// _gather_144: expression _loop0_145
-static asdl_seq *
-_gather_144_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    asdl_seq * _res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // expression _loop0_145
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _gather_144[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "expression _loop0_145"));
-        expr_ty elem;
-        asdl_seq * seq;
-        if (
-            (elem = expression_rule(p))  // expression
-            &&
-            (seq = _loop0_145_rule(p))  // _loop0_145
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _gather_144[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "expression _loop0_145"));
-            _res = _PyPegen_seq_insert_in_front(p, elem, seq);
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _gather_144[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "expression _loop0_145"));
-    }
-    _res = NULL;
-  done:
-    p->level--;
-    return _res;
-}
-
-// _loop0_147: ',' expression
-static asdl_seq *
-_loop0_147_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void *_res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    void **_children = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(void *));
-    if (!_children) {
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
-    Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // ',' expression
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_147[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' expression"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        expr_ty elem;
-        while (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
-            &&
-            (elem = expression_rule(p))  // expression
-        )
-        {
-            _res = elem;
-            if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
-                p->error_indicator = 1;
-                PyMem_Free(_children);
-                p->level--;
-                return NULL;
-            }
-            if (_n == _children_capacity) {
-                _children_capacity *= 2;
-                void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
-                if (!_new_children) {
-                    PyMem_Free(_children);
-                    p->error_indicator = 1;
-                    PyErr_NoMemory();
-                    p->level--;
-                    return NULL;
-                }
-                _children = _new_children;
-            }
-            _children[_n++] = _res;
-            _mark = p->mark;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_147[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "',' expression"));
-    }
-    asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
-    if (!_seq) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
-    PyMem_Free(_children);
-    p->level--;
-    return _seq;
-}
-
-// _gather_146: expression _loop0_147
-static asdl_seq *
-_gather_146_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    asdl_seq * _res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // expression _loop0_147
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _gather_146[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "expression _loop0_147"));
-        expr_ty elem;
-        asdl_seq * seq;
-        if (
-            (elem = expression_rule(p))  // expression
-            &&
-            (seq = _loop0_147_rule(p))  // _loop0_147
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _gather_146[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "expression _loop0_147"));
-            _res = _PyPegen_seq_insert_in_front(p, elem, seq);
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _gather_146[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "expression _loop0_147"));
-    }
-    _res = NULL;
-  done:
-    p->level--;
-    return _res;
-}
-
-// _tmp_148: NEWLINE INDENT
-static void *
-_tmp_148_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void * _res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // NEWLINE INDENT
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_148[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "NEWLINE INDENT"));
-        Token * indent_var;
-        Token * newline_var;
-        if (
-            (newline_var = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, NEWLINE))  // token='NEWLINE'
-            &&
-            (indent_var = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, INDENT))  // token='INDENT'
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_148[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "NEWLINE INDENT"));
-            _res = _PyPegen_dummy_name(p, newline_var, indent_var);
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_148[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "NEWLINE INDENT"));
-    }
-    _res = NULL;
-  done:
-    p->level--;
-    return _res;
-}
-
-// _tmp_149:
-//     | (','.(starred_expression | (assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'=')+ ',' kwargs)
-//     | kwargs
-static void *
-_tmp_149_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void * _res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // (','.(starred_expression | (assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'=')+ ',' kwargs)
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_149[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "(','.(starred_expression | (assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'=')+ ',' kwargs)"));
-        void *_tmp_260_var;
-        if (
-            (_tmp_260_var = _tmp_260_rule(p))  // ','.(starred_expression | (assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'=')+ ',' kwargs
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_149[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "(','.(starred_expression | (assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'=')+ ',' kwargs)"));
-            _res = _tmp_260_var;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_149[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "(','.(starred_expression | (assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'=')+ ',' kwargs)"));
-    }
-    { // kwargs
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_149[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "kwargs"));
-        asdl_seq* kwargs_var;
-        if (
-            (kwargs_var = kwargs_rule(p))  // kwargs
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_149[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "kwargs"));
-            _res = kwargs_var;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_149[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "kwargs"));
-    }
-    _res = NULL;
-  done:
-    p->level--;
-    return _res;
-}
-
-// _loop0_151: ',' (starred_expression !'=')
-static asdl_seq *
-_loop0_151_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void *_res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    void **_children = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(void *));
-    if (!_children) {
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
-    Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // ',' (starred_expression !'=')
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_151[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' (starred_expression !'=')"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        void *elem;
-        while (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
-            &&
-            (elem = _tmp_261_rule(p))  // starred_expression !'='
-        )
-        {
-            _res = elem;
-            if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
-                p->error_indicator = 1;
-                PyMem_Free(_children);
-                p->level--;
-                return NULL;
-            }
-            if (_n == _children_capacity) {
-                _children_capacity *= 2;
-                void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
-                if (!_new_children) {
-                    PyMem_Free(_children);
-                    p->error_indicator = 1;
-                    PyErr_NoMemory();
-                    p->level--;
-                    return NULL;
-                }
-                _children = _new_children;
-            }
-            _children[_n++] = _res;
-            _mark = p->mark;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_151[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "',' (starred_expression !'=')"));
-    }
-    asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
-    if (!_seq) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
-    PyMem_Free(_children);
-    p->level--;
-    return _seq;
-}
-
-// _gather_150: (starred_expression !'=') _loop0_151
-static asdl_seq *
-_gather_150_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    asdl_seq * _res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // (starred_expression !'=') _loop0_151
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _gather_150[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "(starred_expression !'=') _loop0_151"));
-        void *elem;
-        asdl_seq * seq;
-        if (
-            (elem = _tmp_261_rule(p))  // starred_expression !'='
-            &&
-            (seq = _loop0_151_rule(p))  // _loop0_151
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _gather_150[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "(starred_expression !'=') _loop0_151"));
-            _res = _PyPegen_seq_insert_in_front(p, elem, seq);
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _gather_150[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "(starred_expression !'=') _loop0_151"));
-    }
-    _res = NULL;
-  done:
-    p->level--;
-    return _res;
-}
-
-// _tmp_152: args | expression for_if_clauses
-static void *
-_tmp_152_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void * _res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // args
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_152[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "args"));
-        expr_ty args_var;
-        if (
-            (args_var = args_rule(p))  // args
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_152[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "args"));
-            _res = args_var;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_152[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "args"));
-    }
-    { // expression for_if_clauses
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_152[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "expression for_if_clauses"));
-        expr_ty expression_var;
-        asdl_comprehension_seq* for_if_clauses_var;
-        if (
-            (expression_var = expression_rule(p))  // expression
-            &&
-            (for_if_clauses_var = for_if_clauses_rule(p))  // for_if_clauses
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_152[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "expression for_if_clauses"));
-            _res = _PyPegen_dummy_name(p, expression_var, for_if_clauses_var);
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_152[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "expression for_if_clauses"));
-    }
-    _res = NULL;
-  done:
-    p->level--;
-    return _res;
-}
-
-// _tmp_153: args ','
-static void *
-_tmp_153_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void * _res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // args ','
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_153[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "args ','"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        expr_ty args_var;
-        if (
-            (args_var = args_rule(p))  // args
-            &&
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_153[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "args ','"));
-            _res = _PyPegen_dummy_name(p, args_var, _literal);
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_153[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "args ','"));
-    }
-    _res = NULL;
-  done:
-    p->level--;
-    return _res;
-}
-
-// _tmp_154: ',' | ')'
-static void *
-_tmp_154_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void * _res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // ','
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_154[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "','"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_154[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "','"));
-            _res = _literal;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_154[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "','"));
-    }
-    { // ')'
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_154[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "')'"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 8))  // token=')'
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_154[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "')'"));
-            _res = _literal;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_154[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "')'"));
-    }
-    _res = NULL;
-  done:
-    p->level--;
-    return _res;
-}
-
-// _tmp_155: 'True' | 'False' | 'None'
-static void *
-_tmp_155_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void * _res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // 'True'
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_155[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'True'"));
-        Token * _keyword;
-        if (
-            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 610))  // token='True'
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_155[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'True'"));
-            _res = _keyword;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_155[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'True'"));
-    }
-    { // 'False'
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_155[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'False'"));
-        Token * _keyword;
-        if (
-            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 612))  // token='False'
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_155[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'False'"));
-            _res = _keyword;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_155[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'False'"));
-    }
-    { // 'None'
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_155[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'None'"));
-        Token * _keyword;
-        if (
-            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 611))  // token='None'
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_155[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'None'"));
-            _res = _keyword;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_155[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'None'"));
-    }
-    _res = NULL;
-  done:
-    p->level--;
-    return _res;
-}
-
-// _tmp_156: NAME '='
-static void *
-_tmp_156_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void * _res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // NAME '='
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_156[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "NAME '='"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        expr_ty name_var;
-        if (
-            (name_var = _PyPegen_name_token(p))  // NAME
-            &&
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 22))  // token='='
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_156[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "NAME '='"));
-            _res = _PyPegen_dummy_name(p, name_var, _literal);
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_156[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "NAME '='"));
-    }
-    _res = NULL;
-  done:
-    p->level--;
-    return _res;
-}
-
-// _tmp_157: NAME STRING | SOFT_KEYWORD
-static void *
-_tmp_157_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void * _res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // NAME STRING
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_157[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "NAME STRING"));
-        expr_ty name_var;
-        expr_ty string_var;
-        if (
-            (name_var = _PyPegen_name_token(p))  // NAME
-            &&
-            (string_var = _PyPegen_string_token(p))  // STRING
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_157[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "NAME STRING"));
-            _res = _PyPegen_dummy_name(p, name_var, string_var);
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_157[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "NAME STRING"));
-    }
-    { // SOFT_KEYWORD
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_157[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "SOFT_KEYWORD"));
-        expr_ty soft_keyword_var;
-        if (
-            (soft_keyword_var = _PyPegen_soft_keyword_token(p))  // SOFT_KEYWORD
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_157[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "SOFT_KEYWORD"));
-            _res = soft_keyword_var;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_157[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "SOFT_KEYWORD"));
-    }
-    _res = NULL;
-  done:
-    p->level--;
-    return _res;
-}
-
-// _tmp_158: 'else' | ':'
-static void *
-_tmp_158_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void * _res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // 'else'
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_158[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'else'"));
-        Token * _keyword;
-        if (
-            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 663))  // token='else'
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_158[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'else'"));
-            _res = _keyword;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_158[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'else'"));
-    }
-    { // ':'
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_158[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "':'"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 11))  // token=':'
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_158[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "':'"));
-            _res = _literal;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_158[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "':'"));
-    }
-    _res = NULL;
-  done:
-    p->level--;
-    return _res;
-}
-
-// _tmp_159: '=' | ':='
-static void *
-_tmp_159_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void * _res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // '='
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_159[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'='"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 22))  // token='='
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_159[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'='"));
-            _res = _literal;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_159[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'='"));
-    }
-    { // ':='
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_159[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "':='"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 53))  // token=':='
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_159[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "':='"));
-            _res = _literal;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_159[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "':='"));
-    }
-    _res = NULL;
-  done:
-    p->level--;
-    return _res;
-}
-
-// _tmp_160: list | tuple | genexp | 'True' | 'None' | 'False'
-static void *
-_tmp_160_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void * _res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // list
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_160[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "list"));
-        expr_ty list_var;
-        if (
-            (list_var = list_rule(p))  // list
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_160[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "list"));
-            _res = list_var;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_160[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "list"));
-    }
-    { // tuple
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_160[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "tuple"));
-        expr_ty tuple_var;
-        if (
-            (tuple_var = tuple_rule(p))  // tuple
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_160[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "tuple"));
-            _res = tuple_var;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_160[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "tuple"));
-    }
-    { // genexp
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_160[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "genexp"));
-        expr_ty genexp_var;
-        if (
-            (genexp_var = genexp_rule(p))  // genexp
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_160[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "genexp"));
-            _res = genexp_var;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_160[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "genexp"));
-    }
-    { // 'True'
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_160[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'True'"));
-        Token * _keyword;
-        if (
-            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 610))  // token='True'
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_160[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'True'"));
-            _res = _keyword;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_160[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'True'"));
-    }
-    { // 'None'
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_160[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'None'"));
-        Token * _keyword;
-        if (
-            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 611))  // token='None'
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_160[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'None'"));
-            _res = _keyword;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_160[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'None'"));
-    }
-    { // 'False'
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_160[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'False'"));
-        Token * _keyword;
-        if (
-            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 612))  // token='False'
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_160[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'False'"));
-            _res = _keyword;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_160[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'False'"));
-    }
-    _res = NULL;
-  done:
-    p->level--;
-    return _res;
-}
-
-// _tmp_161: '=' | ':='
-static void *
-_tmp_161_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void * _res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // '='
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_161[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'='"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 22))  // token='='
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_161[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'='"));
-            _res = _literal;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_161[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'='"));
-    }
-    { // ':='
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_161[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "':='"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 53))  // token=':='
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_161[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "':='"));
-            _res = _literal;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_161[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "':='"));
-    }
-    _res = NULL;
-  done:
-    p->level--;
-    return _res;
-}
-
-// _loop0_162: star_named_expressions
-static asdl_seq *
-_loop0_162_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void *_res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    void **_children = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(void *));
-    if (!_children) {
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
-    Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // star_named_expressions
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_162[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "star_named_expressions"));
-        asdl_expr_seq* star_named_expressions_var;
-        while (
-            (star_named_expressions_var = star_named_expressions_rule(p))  // star_named_expressions
-        )
-        {
-            _res = star_named_expressions_var;
-            if (_n == _children_capacity) {
-                _children_capacity *= 2;
-                void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
-                if (!_new_children) {
-                    PyMem_Free(_children);
-                    p->error_indicator = 1;
-                    PyErr_NoMemory();
-                    p->level--;
-                    return NULL;
-                }
-                _children = _new_children;
-            }
-            _children[_n++] = _res;
-            _mark = p->mark;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_162[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "star_named_expressions"));
-    }
-    asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
-    if (!_seq) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
-    PyMem_Free(_children);
-    p->level--;
-    return _seq;
-}
-
-// _loop0_163: (star_targets '=')
-static asdl_seq *
-_loop0_163_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void *_res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    void **_children = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(void *));
-    if (!_children) {
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
-    Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // (star_targets '=')
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_163[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "(star_targets '=')"));
-        void *_tmp_262_var;
-        while (
-            (_tmp_262_var = _tmp_262_rule(p))  // star_targets '='
-        )
-        {
-            _res = _tmp_262_var;
-            if (_n == _children_capacity) {
-                _children_capacity *= 2;
-                void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
-                if (!_new_children) {
-                    PyMem_Free(_children);
-                    p->error_indicator = 1;
-                    PyErr_NoMemory();
-                    p->level--;
-                    return NULL;
-                }
-                _children = _new_children;
-            }
-            _children[_n++] = _res;
-            _mark = p->mark;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_163[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "(star_targets '=')"));
-    }
-    asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
-    if (!_seq) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
-    PyMem_Free(_children);
-    p->level--;
-    return _seq;
-}
-
-// _loop0_164: (star_targets '=')
-static asdl_seq *
-_loop0_164_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void *_res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    void **_children = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(void *));
-    if (!_children) {
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
-    Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // (star_targets '=')
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_164[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "(star_targets '=')"));
-        void *_tmp_263_var;
-        while (
-            (_tmp_263_var = _tmp_263_rule(p))  // star_targets '='
-        )
-        {
-            _res = _tmp_263_var;
-            if (_n == _children_capacity) {
-                _children_capacity *= 2;
-                void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
-                if (!_new_children) {
-                    PyMem_Free(_children);
-                    p->error_indicator = 1;
-                    PyErr_NoMemory();
-                    p->level--;
-                    return NULL;
-                }
-                _children = _new_children;
-            }
-            _children[_n++] = _res;
-            _mark = p->mark;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_164[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "(star_targets '=')"));
-    }
-    asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
-    if (!_seq) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
-    PyMem_Free(_children);
-    p->level--;
-    return _seq;
-}
-
-// _tmp_165: '[' | '(' | '{'
-static void *
-_tmp_165_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void * _res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // '['
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_165[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'['"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 9))  // token='['
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_165[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'['"));
-            _res = _literal;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_165[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'['"));
-    }
-    { // '('
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_165[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'('"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 7))  // token='('
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_165[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'('"));
-            _res = _literal;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_165[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'('"));
-    }
-    { // '{'
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_165[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'{'"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 25))  // token='{'
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_165[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'{'"));
-            _res = _literal;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_165[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'{'"));
-    }
-    _res = NULL;
-  done:
-    p->level--;
-    return _res;
-}
-
-// _tmp_166: '[' | '{'
-static void *
-_tmp_166_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void * _res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // '['
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_166[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'['"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 9))  // token='['
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_166[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'['"));
-            _res = _literal;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_166[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'['"));
-    }
-    { // '{'
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_166[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'{'"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 25))  // token='{'
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_166[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'{'"));
-            _res = _literal;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_166[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'{'"));
-    }
-    _res = NULL;
-  done:
-    p->level--;
-    return _res;
-}
-
-// _tmp_167: '[' | '{'
-static void *
-_tmp_167_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void * _res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // '['
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_167[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'['"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 9))  // token='['
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_167[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'['"));
-            _res = _literal;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_167[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'['"));
-    }
-    { // '{'
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_167[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'{'"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 25))  // token='{'
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_167[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'{'"));
-            _res = _literal;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_167[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'{'"));
-    }
-    _res = NULL;
-  done:
-    p->level--;
-    return _res;
-}
-
-// _tmp_168: slash_no_default | slash_with_default
-static void *
-_tmp_168_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void * _res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // slash_no_default
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_168[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "slash_no_default"));
-        asdl_arg_seq* slash_no_default_var;
-        if (
-            (slash_no_default_var = slash_no_default_rule(p))  // slash_no_default
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_168[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "slash_no_default"));
-            _res = slash_no_default_var;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_168[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "slash_no_default"));
-    }
-    { // slash_with_default
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_168[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "slash_with_default"));
-        SlashWithDefault* slash_with_default_var;
-        if (
-            (slash_with_default_var = slash_with_default_rule(p))  // slash_with_default
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_168[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "slash_with_default"));
-            _res = slash_with_default_var;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_168[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "slash_with_default"));
-    }
-    _res = NULL;
-  done:
-    p->level--;
-    return _res;
-}
-
-// _loop0_169: param_maybe_default
-static asdl_seq *
-_loop0_169_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void *_res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    void **_children = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(void *));
-    if (!_children) {
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
-    Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // param_maybe_default
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_169[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "param_maybe_default"));
-        NameDefaultPair* param_maybe_default_var;
-        while (
-            (param_maybe_default_var = param_maybe_default_rule(p))  // param_maybe_default
-        )
-        {
-            _res = param_maybe_default_var;
-            if (_n == _children_capacity) {
-                _children_capacity *= 2;
-                void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
-                if (!_new_children) {
-                    PyMem_Free(_children);
-                    p->error_indicator = 1;
-                    PyErr_NoMemory();
-                    p->level--;
-                    return NULL;
-                }
-                _children = _new_children;
-            }
-            _children[_n++] = _res;
-            _mark = p->mark;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_169[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "param_maybe_default"));
-    }
-    asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
-    if (!_seq) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
-    PyMem_Free(_children);
-    p->level--;
-    return _seq;
-}
-
-// _loop0_170: param_no_default
-static asdl_seq *
-_loop0_170_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void *_res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    void **_children = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(void *));
-    if (!_children) {
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
-    Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // param_no_default
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_170[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "param_no_default"));
-        arg_ty param_no_default_var;
-        while (
-            (param_no_default_var = param_no_default_rule(p))  // param_no_default
-        )
-        {
-            _res = param_no_default_var;
-            if (_n == _children_capacity) {
-                _children_capacity *= 2;
-                void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
-                if (!_new_children) {
-                    PyMem_Free(_children);
-                    p->error_indicator = 1;
-                    PyErr_NoMemory();
-                    p->level--;
-                    return NULL;
-                }
-                _children = _new_children;
-            }
-            _children[_n++] = _res;
-            _mark = p->mark;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_170[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "param_no_default"));
-    }
-    asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
-    if (!_seq) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
-    PyMem_Free(_children);
-    p->level--;
-    return _seq;
-}
-
-// _loop0_171: param_no_default
-static asdl_seq *
-_loop0_171_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void *_res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    void **_children = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(void *));
-    if (!_children) {
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
-    Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // param_no_default
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_171[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "param_no_default"));
-        arg_ty param_no_default_var;
-        while (
-            (param_no_default_var = param_no_default_rule(p))  // param_no_default
-        )
-        {
-            _res = param_no_default_var;
-            if (_n == _children_capacity) {
-                _children_capacity *= 2;
-                void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
-                if (!_new_children) {
-                    PyMem_Free(_children);
-                    p->error_indicator = 1;
-                    PyErr_NoMemory();
-                    p->level--;
-                    return NULL;
-                }
-                _children = _new_children;
-            }
-            _children[_n++] = _res;
-            _mark = p->mark;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_171[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "param_no_default"));
-    }
-    asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
-    if (!_seq) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
-    PyMem_Free(_children);
-    p->level--;
-    return _seq;
-}
-
-// _loop1_172: param_no_default
-static asdl_seq *
-_loop1_172_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void *_res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    void **_children = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(void *));
-    if (!_children) {
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
-    Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // param_no_default
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop1_172[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "param_no_default"));
-        arg_ty param_no_default_var;
-        while (
-            (param_no_default_var = param_no_default_rule(p))  // param_no_default
-        )
-        {
-            _res = param_no_default_var;
-            if (_n == _children_capacity) {
-                _children_capacity *= 2;
-                void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
-                if (!_new_children) {
-                    PyMem_Free(_children);
-                    p->error_indicator = 1;
-                    PyErr_NoMemory();
-                    p->level--;
-                    return NULL;
-                }
-                _children = _new_children;
-            }
-            _children[_n++] = _res;
-            _mark = p->mark;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop1_172[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "param_no_default"));
-    }
-    if (_n == 0 || p->error_indicator) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
-    if (!_seq) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
-    PyMem_Free(_children);
-    p->level--;
-    return _seq;
-}
-
-// _tmp_173: slash_no_default | slash_with_default
-static void *
-_tmp_173_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void * _res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // slash_no_default
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_173[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "slash_no_default"));
-        asdl_arg_seq* slash_no_default_var;
-        if (
-            (slash_no_default_var = slash_no_default_rule(p))  // slash_no_default
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_173[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "slash_no_default"));
-            _res = slash_no_default_var;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_173[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "slash_no_default"));
-    }
-    { // slash_with_default
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_173[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "slash_with_default"));
-        SlashWithDefault* slash_with_default_var;
-        if (
-            (slash_with_default_var = slash_with_default_rule(p))  // slash_with_default
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_173[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "slash_with_default"));
-            _res = slash_with_default_var;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_173[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "slash_with_default"));
-    }
-    _res = NULL;
-  done:
-    p->level--;
-    return _res;
-}
-
-// _loop0_174: param_maybe_default
-static asdl_seq *
-_loop0_174_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void *_res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    void **_children = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(void *));
-    if (!_children) {
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
-    Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // param_maybe_default
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_174[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "param_maybe_default"));
-        NameDefaultPair* param_maybe_default_var;
-        while (
-            (param_maybe_default_var = param_maybe_default_rule(p))  // param_maybe_default
-        )
-        {
-            _res = param_maybe_default_var;
-            if (_n == _children_capacity) {
-                _children_capacity *= 2;
-                void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
-                if (!_new_children) {
-                    PyMem_Free(_children);
-                    p->error_indicator = 1;
-                    PyErr_NoMemory();
-                    p->level--;
-                    return NULL;
-                }
-                _children = _new_children;
-            }
-            _children[_n++] = _res;
-            _mark = p->mark;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_174[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "param_maybe_default"));
-    }
-    asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
-    if (!_seq) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
-    PyMem_Free(_children);
-    p->level--;
-    return _seq;
-}
-
-// _tmp_175: ',' | param_no_default
-static void *
-_tmp_175_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void * _res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // ','
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_175[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "','"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_175[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "','"));
-            _res = _literal;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_175[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "','"));
-    }
-    { // param_no_default
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_175[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "param_no_default"));
-        arg_ty param_no_default_var;
-        if (
-            (param_no_default_var = param_no_default_rule(p))  // param_no_default
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_175[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "param_no_default"));
-            _res = param_no_default_var;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_175[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "param_no_default"));
-    }
-    _res = NULL;
-  done:
-    p->level--;
-    return _res;
-}
-
-// _loop0_176: param_maybe_default
-static asdl_seq *
-_loop0_176_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void *_res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    void **_children = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(void *));
-    if (!_children) {
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
-    Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // param_maybe_default
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_176[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "param_maybe_default"));
-        NameDefaultPair* param_maybe_default_var;
-        while (
-            (param_maybe_default_var = param_maybe_default_rule(p))  // param_maybe_default
-        )
-        {
-            _res = param_maybe_default_var;
-            if (_n == _children_capacity) {
-                _children_capacity *= 2;
-                void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
-                if (!_new_children) {
-                    PyMem_Free(_children);
-                    p->error_indicator = 1;
-                    PyErr_NoMemory();
-                    p->level--;
-                    return NULL;
-                }
-                _children = _new_children;
-            }
-            _children[_n++] = _res;
-            _mark = p->mark;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_176[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "param_maybe_default"));
-    }
-    asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
-    if (!_seq) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
-    PyMem_Free(_children);
-    p->level--;
-    return _seq;
-}
-
-// _loop1_177: param_maybe_default
-static asdl_seq *
-_loop1_177_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void *_res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    void **_children = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(void *));
-    if (!_children) {
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
-    Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // param_maybe_default
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop1_177[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "param_maybe_default"));
-        NameDefaultPair* param_maybe_default_var;
-        while (
-            (param_maybe_default_var = param_maybe_default_rule(p))  // param_maybe_default
-        )
-        {
-            _res = param_maybe_default_var;
-            if (_n == _children_capacity) {
-                _children_capacity *= 2;
-                void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
-                if (!_new_children) {
-                    PyMem_Free(_children);
-                    p->error_indicator = 1;
-                    PyErr_NoMemory();
-                    p->level--;
-                    return NULL;
-                }
-                _children = _new_children;
-            }
-            _children[_n++] = _res;
-            _mark = p->mark;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop1_177[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "param_maybe_default"));
-    }
-    if (_n == 0 || p->error_indicator) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
-    if (!_seq) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
-    PyMem_Free(_children);
-    p->level--;
-    return _seq;
-}
-
-// _tmp_178: ')' | ','
-static void *
-_tmp_178_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void * _res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // ')'
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_178[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "')'"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 8))  // token=')'
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_178[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "')'"));
-            _res = _literal;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_178[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "')'"));
-    }
-    { // ','
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_178[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "','"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_178[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "','"));
-            _res = _literal;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_178[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "','"));
-    }
-    _res = NULL;
-  done:
-    p->level--;
-    return _res;
-}
-
-// _tmp_179: ')' | ',' (')' | '**')
-static void *
-_tmp_179_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void * _res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // ')'
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_179[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "')'"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 8))  // token=')'
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_179[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "')'"));
-            _res = _literal;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_179[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "')'"));
-    }
-    { // ',' (')' | '**')
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_179[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' (')' | '**')"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        void *_tmp_264_var;
-        if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
-            &&
-            (_tmp_264_var = _tmp_264_rule(p))  // ')' | '**'
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_179[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' (')' | '**')"));
-            _res = _PyPegen_dummy_name(p, _literal, _tmp_264_var);
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_179[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "',' (')' | '**')"));
-    }
-    _res = NULL;
-  done:
-    p->level--;
-    return _res;
-}
-
-// _tmp_180: param_no_default | ','
-static void *
-_tmp_180_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void * _res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // param_no_default
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_180[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "param_no_default"));
-        arg_ty param_no_default_var;
-        if (
-            (param_no_default_var = param_no_default_rule(p))  // param_no_default
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_180[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "param_no_default"));
-            _res = param_no_default_var;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_180[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "param_no_default"));
-    }
-    { // ','
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_180[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "','"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_180[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "','"));
-            _res = _literal;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_180[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "','"));
-    }
-    _res = NULL;
-  done:
-    p->level--;
-    return _res;
-}
-
-// _loop0_181: param_maybe_default
-static asdl_seq *
-_loop0_181_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void *_res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    void **_children = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(void *));
-    if (!_children) {
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
-    Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // param_maybe_default
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_181[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "param_maybe_default"));
-        NameDefaultPair* param_maybe_default_var;
-        while (
-            (param_maybe_default_var = param_maybe_default_rule(p))  // param_maybe_default
-        )
-        {
-            _res = param_maybe_default_var;
-            if (_n == _children_capacity) {
-                _children_capacity *= 2;
-                void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
-                if (!_new_children) {
-                    PyMem_Free(_children);
-                    p->error_indicator = 1;
-                    PyErr_NoMemory();
-                    p->level--;
-                    return NULL;
-                }
-                _children = _new_children;
-            }
-            _children[_n++] = _res;
-            _mark = p->mark;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_181[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "param_maybe_default"));
-    }
-    asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
-    if (!_seq) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
-    PyMem_Free(_children);
-    p->level--;
-    return _seq;
-}
-
-// _tmp_182: param_no_default | ','
-static void *
-_tmp_182_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void * _res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // param_no_default
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_182[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "param_no_default"));
-        arg_ty param_no_default_var;
-        if (
-            (param_no_default_var = param_no_default_rule(p))  // param_no_default
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_182[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "param_no_default"));
-            _res = param_no_default_var;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_182[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "param_no_default"));
-    }
-    { // ','
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_182[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "','"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_182[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "','"));
-            _res = _literal;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_182[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "','"));
-    }
-    _res = NULL;
-  done:
-    p->level--;
-    return _res;
-}
-
-// _tmp_183: '*' | '**' | '/'
-static void *
-_tmp_183_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void * _res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // '*'
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_183[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'*'"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 16))  // token='*'
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_183[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'*'"));
-            _res = _literal;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_183[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'*'"));
-    }
-    { // '**'
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_183[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'**'"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 35))  // token='**'
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_183[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'**'"));
-            _res = _literal;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_183[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'**'"));
-    }
-    { // '/'
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_183[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'/'"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 17))  // token='/'
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_183[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'/'"));
-            _res = _literal;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_183[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'/'"));
-    }
-    _res = NULL;
-  done:
-    p->level--;
-    return _res;
-}
-
-// _loop1_184: param_with_default
-static asdl_seq *
-_loop1_184_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void *_res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    void **_children = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(void *));
-    if (!_children) {
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
-    Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // param_with_default
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop1_184[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "param_with_default"));
-        NameDefaultPair* param_with_default_var;
-        while (
-            (param_with_default_var = param_with_default_rule(p))  // param_with_default
-        )
-        {
-            _res = param_with_default_var;
-            if (_n == _children_capacity) {
-                _children_capacity *= 2;
-                void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
-                if (!_new_children) {
-                    PyMem_Free(_children);
-                    p->error_indicator = 1;
-                    PyErr_NoMemory();
-                    p->level--;
-                    return NULL;
-                }
-                _children = _new_children;
-            }
-            _children[_n++] = _res;
-            _mark = p->mark;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop1_184[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "param_with_default"));
-    }
-    if (_n == 0 || p->error_indicator) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
-    if (!_seq) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
-    PyMem_Free(_children);
-    p->level--;
-    return _seq;
-}
-
-// _tmp_185: lambda_slash_no_default | lambda_slash_with_default
-static void *
-_tmp_185_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void * _res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // lambda_slash_no_default
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_185[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "lambda_slash_no_default"));
-        asdl_arg_seq* lambda_slash_no_default_var;
-        if (
-            (lambda_slash_no_default_var = lambda_slash_no_default_rule(p))  // lambda_slash_no_default
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_185[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "lambda_slash_no_default"));
-            _res = lambda_slash_no_default_var;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_185[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "lambda_slash_no_default"));
-    }
-    { // lambda_slash_with_default
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_185[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "lambda_slash_with_default"));
-        SlashWithDefault* lambda_slash_with_default_var;
-        if (
-            (lambda_slash_with_default_var = lambda_slash_with_default_rule(p))  // lambda_slash_with_default
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_185[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "lambda_slash_with_default"));
-            _res = lambda_slash_with_default_var;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_185[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "lambda_slash_with_default"));
-    }
-    _res = NULL;
-  done:
-    p->level--;
-    return _res;
-}
-
-// _loop0_186: lambda_param_maybe_default
-static asdl_seq *
-_loop0_186_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void *_res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    void **_children = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(void *));
-    if (!_children) {
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
-    Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // lambda_param_maybe_default
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_186[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param_maybe_default"));
-        NameDefaultPair* lambda_param_maybe_default_var;
-        while (
-            (lambda_param_maybe_default_var = lambda_param_maybe_default_rule(p))  // lambda_param_maybe_default
-        )
-        {
-            _res = lambda_param_maybe_default_var;
-            if (_n == _children_capacity) {
-                _children_capacity *= 2;
-                void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
-                if (!_new_children) {
-                    PyMem_Free(_children);
-                    p->error_indicator = 1;
-                    PyErr_NoMemory();
-                    p->level--;
-                    return NULL;
-                }
-                _children = _new_children;
-            }
-            _children[_n++] = _res;
-            _mark = p->mark;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_186[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param_maybe_default"));
-    }
-    asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
-    if (!_seq) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
-    PyMem_Free(_children);
-    p->level--;
-    return _seq;
-}
-
-// _loop0_187: lambda_param_no_default
-static asdl_seq *
-_loop0_187_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void *_res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    void **_children = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(void *));
-    if (!_children) {
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
-    Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // lambda_param_no_default
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_187[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param_no_default"));
-        arg_ty lambda_param_no_default_var;
-        while (
-            (lambda_param_no_default_var = lambda_param_no_default_rule(p))  // lambda_param_no_default
-        )
-        {
-            _res = lambda_param_no_default_var;
-            if (_n == _children_capacity) {
-                _children_capacity *= 2;
-                void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
-                if (!_new_children) {
-                    PyMem_Free(_children);
-                    p->error_indicator = 1;
-                    PyErr_NoMemory();
-                    p->level--;
-                    return NULL;
-                }
-                _children = _new_children;
-            }
-            _children[_n++] = _res;
-            _mark = p->mark;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_187[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param_no_default"));
-    }
-    asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
-    if (!_seq) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
-    PyMem_Free(_children);
-    p->level--;
-    return _seq;
-}
-
-// _loop0_188: lambda_param_no_default
-static asdl_seq *
-_loop0_188_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void *_res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    void **_children = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(void *));
-    if (!_children) {
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
-    Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // lambda_param_no_default
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_188[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param_no_default"));
-        arg_ty lambda_param_no_default_var;
-        while (
-            (lambda_param_no_default_var = lambda_param_no_default_rule(p))  // lambda_param_no_default
-        )
-        {
-            _res = lambda_param_no_default_var;
-            if (_n == _children_capacity) {
-                _children_capacity *= 2;
-                void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
-                if (!_new_children) {
-                    PyMem_Free(_children);
-                    p->error_indicator = 1;
-                    PyErr_NoMemory();
-                    p->level--;
-                    return NULL;
-                }
-                _children = _new_children;
-            }
-            _children[_n++] = _res;
-            _mark = p->mark;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_188[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param_no_default"));
-    }
-    asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
-    if (!_seq) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
-    PyMem_Free(_children);
-    p->level--;
-    return _seq;
-}
-
-// _loop0_190: ',' lambda_param
-static asdl_seq *
-_loop0_190_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void *_res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    void **_children = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(void *));
-    if (!_children) {
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
-    Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // ',' lambda_param
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_190[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' lambda_param"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        arg_ty elem;
-        while (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
-            &&
-            (elem = lambda_param_rule(p))  // lambda_param
-        )
-        {
-            _res = elem;
-            if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
-                p->error_indicator = 1;
-                PyMem_Free(_children);
-                p->level--;
-                return NULL;
-            }
-            if (_n == _children_capacity) {
-                _children_capacity *= 2;
-                void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
-                if (!_new_children) {
-                    PyMem_Free(_children);
-                    p->error_indicator = 1;
-                    PyErr_NoMemory();
-                    p->level--;
-                    return NULL;
-                }
-                _children = _new_children;
-            }
-            _children[_n++] = _res;
-            _mark = p->mark;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_190[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "',' lambda_param"));
-    }
     asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
     if (!_seq) {
         PyMem_Free(_children);
@@ -37341,113 +30707,15 @@ _loop0_190_rule(Parser *p)
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
     PyMem_Free(_children);
     p->level--;
     return _seq;
 }
 
-// _gather_189: lambda_param _loop0_190
-static asdl_seq *
-_gather_189_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    asdl_seq * _res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // lambda_param _loop0_190
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _gather_189[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param _loop0_190"));
-        arg_ty elem;
-        asdl_seq * seq;
-        if (
-            (elem = lambda_param_rule(p))  // lambda_param
-            &&
-            (seq = _loop0_190_rule(p))  // _loop0_190
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _gather_189[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param _loop0_190"));
-            _res = _PyPegen_seq_insert_in_front(p, elem, seq);
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _gather_189[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param _loop0_190"));
-    }
-    _res = NULL;
-  done:
-    p->level--;
-    return _res;
-}
-
-// _tmp_191: lambda_slash_no_default | lambda_slash_with_default
-static void *
-_tmp_191_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void * _res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // lambda_slash_no_default
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_191[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "lambda_slash_no_default"));
-        asdl_arg_seq* lambda_slash_no_default_var;
-        if (
-            (lambda_slash_no_default_var = lambda_slash_no_default_rule(p))  // lambda_slash_no_default
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_191[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "lambda_slash_no_default"));
-            _res = lambda_slash_no_default_var;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_191[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "lambda_slash_no_default"));
-    }
-    { // lambda_slash_with_default
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_191[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "lambda_slash_with_default"));
-        SlashWithDefault* lambda_slash_with_default_var;
-        if (
-            (lambda_slash_with_default_var = lambda_slash_with_default_rule(p))  // lambda_slash_with_default
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_191[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "lambda_slash_with_default"));
-            _res = lambda_slash_with_default_var;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_191[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "lambda_slash_with_default"));
-    }
-    _res = NULL;
-  done:
-    p->level--;
-    return _res;
-}
-
-// _loop0_192: lambda_param_maybe_default
+// _loop0_84: ('if' disjunction)
 static asdl_seq *
-_loop0_192_rule(Parser *p)
+_loop0_84_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -37467,18 +30735,18 @@ _loop0_192_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
     Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // lambda_param_maybe_default
+    { // ('if' disjunction)
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_192[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param_maybe_default"));
-        NameDefaultPair* lambda_param_maybe_default_var;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_84[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "('if' disjunction)"));
+        void *_tmp_158_var;
         while (
-            (lambda_param_maybe_default_var = lambda_param_maybe_default_rule(p))  // lambda_param_maybe_default
+            (_tmp_158_var = _tmp_158_rule(p))  // 'if' disjunction
         )
         {
-            _res = lambda_param_maybe_default_var;
+            _res = _tmp_158_var;
             if (_n == _children_capacity) {
                 _children_capacity *= 2;
                 void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
@@ -37495,8 +30763,8 @@ _loop0_192_rule(Parser *p)
             _mark = p->mark;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_192[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param_maybe_default"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_84[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "('if' disjunction)"));
     }
     asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
     if (!_seq) {
@@ -37506,15 +30774,15 @@ _loop0_192_rule(Parser *p)
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
     PyMem_Free(_children);
     p->level--;
     return _seq;
 }
 
-// _tmp_193: ',' | lambda_param_no_default
+// _tmp_85: assignment_expression | expression !':='
 static void *
-_tmp_193_rule(Parser *p)
+_tmp_85_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -37525,43 +30793,45 @@ _tmp_193_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     void * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // ','
+    { // assignment_expression
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_193[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "','"));
-        Token * _literal;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_85[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "assignment_expression"));
+        expr_ty assignment_expression_var;
         if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
+            (assignment_expression_var = assignment_expression_rule(p))  // assignment_expression
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_193[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "','"));
-            _res = _literal;
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_85[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "assignment_expression"));
+            _res = assignment_expression_var;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_193[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "','"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_85[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "assignment_expression"));
     }
-    { // lambda_param_no_default
+    { // expression !':='
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_193[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param_no_default"));
-        arg_ty lambda_param_no_default_var;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_85[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "expression !':='"));
+        expr_ty expression_var;
         if (
-            (lambda_param_no_default_var = lambda_param_no_default_rule(p))  // lambda_param_no_default
+            (expression_var = expression_rule(p))  // expression
+            &&
+            _PyPegen_lookahead_with_int(0, _PyPegen_expect_token, p, 53)  // token=':='
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_193[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param_no_default"));
-            _res = lambda_param_no_default_var;
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_85[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "expression !':='"));
+            _res = expression_var;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_193[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param_no_default"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_85[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "expression !':='"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
   done:
@@ -37569,9 +30839,9 @@ _tmp_193_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _loop0_194: lambda_param_maybe_default
+// _loop0_86: ',' (starred_expression | (assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'=')
 static asdl_seq *
-_loop0_194_rule(Parser *p)
+_loop0_86_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -37591,18 +30861,27 @@ _loop0_194_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
     Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // lambda_param_maybe_default
+    { // ',' (starred_expression | (assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'=')
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_194[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param_maybe_default"));
-        NameDefaultPair* lambda_param_maybe_default_var;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_86[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' (starred_expression | (assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'=')"));
+        Token * _literal;
+        void *elem;
         while (
-            (lambda_param_maybe_default_var = lambda_param_maybe_default_rule(p))  // lambda_param_maybe_default
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
+            &&
+            (elem = _tmp_159_rule(p))  // starred_expression | (assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'='
         )
         {
-            _res = lambda_param_maybe_default_var;
+            _res = elem;
+            if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+                p->error_indicator = 1;
+                PyMem_Free(_children);
+                p->level--;
+                return NULL;
+            }
             if (_n == _children_capacity) {
                 _children_capacity *= 2;
                 void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
@@ -37619,8 +30898,8 @@ _loop0_194_rule(Parser *p)
             _mark = p->mark;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_194[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param_maybe_default"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_86[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "',' (starred_expression | (assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'=')"));
     }
     asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
     if (!_seq) {
@@ -37630,15 +30909,16 @@ _loop0_194_rule(Parser *p)
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
     PyMem_Free(_children);
     p->level--;
     return _seq;
 }
 
-// _loop1_195: lambda_param_maybe_default
+// _gather_87:
+//     | (starred_expression | (assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'=') _loop0_86
 static asdl_seq *
-_loop1_195_rule(Parser *p)
+_gather_87_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -37647,70 +30927,85 @@ _loop1_195_rule(Parser *p)
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    void *_res = NULL;
+    asdl_seq * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    void **_children = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(void *));
-    if (!_children) {
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
-    Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // lambda_param_maybe_default
+    { // (starred_expression | (assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'=') _loop0_86
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop1_195[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param_maybe_default"));
-        NameDefaultPair* lambda_param_maybe_default_var;
-        while (
-            (lambda_param_maybe_default_var = lambda_param_maybe_default_rule(p))  // lambda_param_maybe_default
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _gather_87[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "(starred_expression | (assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'=') _loop0_86"));
+        void *elem;
+        asdl_seq * seq;
+        if (
+            (elem = _tmp_159_rule(p))  // starred_expression | (assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'='
+            &&
+            (seq = _loop0_86_rule(p))  // _loop0_86
         )
         {
-            _res = lambda_param_maybe_default_var;
-            if (_n == _children_capacity) {
-                _children_capacity *= 2;
-                void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
-                if (!_new_children) {
-                    PyMem_Free(_children);
-                    p->error_indicator = 1;
-                    PyErr_NoMemory();
-                    p->level--;
-                    return NULL;
-                }
-                _children = _new_children;
-            }
-            _children[_n++] = _res;
-            _mark = p->mark;
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _gather_87[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "(starred_expression | (assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'=') _loop0_86"));
+            _res = _PyPegen_seq_insert_in_front(p, elem, seq);
+            goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop1_195[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param_maybe_default"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _gather_87[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "(starred_expression | (assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'=') _loop0_86"));
     }
-    if (_n == 0 || p->error_indicator) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
+    _res = NULL;
+  done:
+    p->level--;
+    return _res;
+}
+
+// _tmp_88: ',' kwargs
+static void *
+_tmp_88_rule(Parser *p)
+{
+    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
+        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
     }
-    asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
-    if (!_seq) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
+    if (p->error_indicator) {
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
-    PyMem_Free(_children);
+    void * _res = NULL;
+    int _mark = p->mark;
+    { // ',' kwargs
+        if (p->error_indicator) {
+            p->level--;
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_88[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' kwargs"));
+        Token * _literal;
+        asdl_seq* k;
+        if (
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
+            &&
+            (k = kwargs_rule(p))  // kwargs
+        )
+        {
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_88[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' kwargs"));
+            _res = k;
+            if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+                p->error_indicator = 1;
+                p->level--;
+                return NULL;
+            }
+            goto done;
+        }
+        p->mark = _mark;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_88[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "',' kwargs"));
+    }
+    _res = NULL;
+  done:
     p->level--;
-    return _seq;
+    return _res;
 }
 
-// _loop1_196: lambda_param_with_default
+// _loop0_89: ',' kwarg_or_starred
 static asdl_seq *
-_loop1_196_rule(Parser *p)
+_loop0_89_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -37730,18 +31025,27 @@ _loop1_196_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
     Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // lambda_param_with_default
+    { // ',' kwarg_or_starred
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop1_196[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param_with_default"));
-        NameDefaultPair* lambda_param_with_default_var;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_89[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' kwarg_or_starred"));
+        Token * _literal;
+        KeywordOrStarred* elem;
         while (
-            (lambda_param_with_default_var = lambda_param_with_default_rule(p))  // lambda_param_with_default
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
+            &&
+            (elem = kwarg_or_starred_rule(p))  // kwarg_or_starred
         )
         {
-            _res = lambda_param_with_default_var;
+            _res = elem;
+            if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+                p->error_indicator = 1;
+                PyMem_Free(_children);
+                p->level--;
+                return NULL;
+            }
             if (_n == _children_capacity) {
                 _children_capacity *= 2;
                 void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
@@ -37758,13 +31062,8 @@ _loop1_196_rule(Parser *p)
             _mark = p->mark;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop1_196[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param_with_default"));
-    }
-    if (_n == 0 || p->error_indicator) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_89[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "',' kwarg_or_starred"));
     }
     asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
     if (!_seq) {
@@ -37774,15 +31073,15 @@ _loop1_196_rule(Parser *p)
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
     PyMem_Free(_children);
     p->level--;
     return _seq;
 }
 
-// _tmp_197: ':' | ',' (':' | '**')
-static void *
-_tmp_197_rule(Parser *p)
+// _gather_90: kwarg_or_starred _loop0_89
+static asdl_seq *
+_gather_90_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -37791,105 +31090,29 @@ _tmp_197_rule(Parser *p)
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    void * _res = NULL;
+    asdl_seq * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // ':'
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_197[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "':'"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 11))  // token=':'
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_197[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "':'"));
-            _res = _literal;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_197[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "':'"));
-    }
-    { // ',' (':' | '**')
+    { // kwarg_or_starred _loop0_89
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_197[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' (':' | '**')"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        void *_tmp_265_var;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _gather_90[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "kwarg_or_starred _loop0_89"));
+        KeywordOrStarred* elem;
+        asdl_seq * seq;
         if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
+            (elem = kwarg_or_starred_rule(p))  // kwarg_or_starred
             &&
-            (_tmp_265_var = _tmp_265_rule(p))  // ':' | '**'
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_197[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' (':' | '**')"));
-            _res = _PyPegen_dummy_name(p, _literal, _tmp_265_var);
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_197[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "',' (':' | '**')"));
-    }
-    _res = NULL;
-  done:
-    p->level--;
-    return _res;
-}
-
-// _tmp_198: lambda_param_no_default | ','
-static void *
-_tmp_198_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void * _res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // lambda_param_no_default
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_198[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param_no_default"));
-        arg_ty lambda_param_no_default_var;
-        if (
-            (lambda_param_no_default_var = lambda_param_no_default_rule(p))  // lambda_param_no_default
+            (seq = _loop0_89_rule(p))  // _loop0_89
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_198[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param_no_default"));
-            _res = lambda_param_no_default_var;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_198[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param_no_default"));
-    }
-    { // ','
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_198[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "','"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_198[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "','"));
-            _res = _literal;
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _gather_90[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "kwarg_or_starred _loop0_89"));
+            _res = _PyPegen_seq_insert_in_front(p, elem, seq);
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_198[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "','"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _gather_90[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "kwarg_or_starred _loop0_89"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
   done:
@@ -37897,9 +31120,9 @@ _tmp_198_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _loop0_199: lambda_param_maybe_default
+// _loop0_91: ',' kwarg_or_double_starred
 static asdl_seq *
-_loop0_199_rule(Parser *p)
+_loop0_91_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -37919,18 +31142,27 @@ _loop0_199_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
     Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // lambda_param_maybe_default
+    { // ',' kwarg_or_double_starred
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_199[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param_maybe_default"));
-        NameDefaultPair* lambda_param_maybe_default_var;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_91[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' kwarg_or_double_starred"));
+        Token * _literal;
+        KeywordOrStarred* elem;
         while (
-            (lambda_param_maybe_default_var = lambda_param_maybe_default_rule(p))  // lambda_param_maybe_default
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
+            &&
+            (elem = kwarg_or_double_starred_rule(p))  // kwarg_or_double_starred
         )
         {
-            _res = lambda_param_maybe_default_var;
+            _res = elem;
+            if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+                p->error_indicator = 1;
+                PyMem_Free(_children);
+                p->level--;
+                return NULL;
+            }
             if (_n == _children_capacity) {
                 _children_capacity *= 2;
                 void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
@@ -37947,8 +31179,8 @@ _loop0_199_rule(Parser *p)
             _mark = p->mark;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_199[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param_maybe_default"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_91[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "',' kwarg_or_double_starred"));
     }
     asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
     if (!_seq) {
@@ -37958,214 +31190,46 @@ _loop0_199_rule(Parser *p)
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
     PyMem_Free(_children);
     p->level--;
     return _seq;
 }
 
-// _tmp_200: lambda_param_no_default | ','
-static void *
-_tmp_200_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void * _res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // lambda_param_no_default
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_200[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param_no_default"));
-        arg_ty lambda_param_no_default_var;
-        if (
-            (lambda_param_no_default_var = lambda_param_no_default_rule(p))  // lambda_param_no_default
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_200[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param_no_default"));
-            _res = lambda_param_no_default_var;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_200[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param_no_default"));
-    }
-    { // ','
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_200[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "','"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_200[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "','"));
-            _res = _literal;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_200[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "','"));
-    }
-    _res = NULL;
-  done:
-    p->level--;
-    return _res;
-}
-
-// _tmp_201: '*' | '**' | '/'
-static void *
-_tmp_201_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void * _res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // '*'
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_201[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'*'"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 16))  // token='*'
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_201[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'*'"));
-            _res = _literal;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_201[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'*'"));
-    }
-    { // '**'
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_201[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'**'"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 35))  // token='**'
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_201[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'**'"));
-            _res = _literal;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_201[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'**'"));
-    }
-    { // '/'
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_201[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'/'"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 17))  // token='/'
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_201[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'/'"));
-            _res = _literal;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_201[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'/'"));
-    }
-    _res = NULL;
-  done:
-    p->level--;
-    return _res;
-}
-
-// _tmp_202: ',' | ')' | ':'
-static void *
-_tmp_202_rule(Parser *p)
+// _gather_92: kwarg_or_double_starred _loop0_91
+static asdl_seq *
+_gather_92_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
     }
     if (p->error_indicator) {
         p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void * _res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // ','
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_202[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "','"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_202[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "','"));
-            _res = _literal;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_202[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "','"));
-    }
-    { // ')'
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_202[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "')'"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 8))  // token=')'
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_202[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "')'"));
-            _res = _literal;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_202[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "')'"));
+        return NULL;
     }
-    { // ':'
+    asdl_seq * _res = NULL;
+    int _mark = p->mark;
+    { // kwarg_or_double_starred _loop0_91
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_202[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "':'"));
-        Token * _literal;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _gather_92[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "kwarg_or_double_starred _loop0_91"));
+        KeywordOrStarred* elem;
+        asdl_seq * seq;
         if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 11))  // token=':'
+            (elem = kwarg_or_double_starred_rule(p))  // kwarg_or_double_starred
+            &&
+            (seq = _loop0_91_rule(p))  // _loop0_91
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_202[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "':'"));
-            _res = _literal;
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _gather_92[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "kwarg_or_double_starred _loop0_91"));
+            _res = _PyPegen_seq_insert_in_front(p, elem, seq);
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_202[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "':'"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _gather_92[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "kwarg_or_double_starred _loop0_91"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
   done:
@@ -38173,9 +31237,9 @@ _tmp_202_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _tmp_203: bitwise_or ((',' bitwise_or))* ','?
-static void *
-_tmp_203_rule(Parser *p)
+// _loop0_93: (',' star_target)
+static asdl_seq *
+_loop0_93_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -38184,43 +31248,65 @@ _tmp_203_rule(Parser *p)
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    void * _res = NULL;
+    void *_res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // bitwise_or ((',' bitwise_or))* ','?
+    void **_children = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(void *));
+    if (!_children) {
+        p->error_indicator = 1;
+        PyErr_NoMemory();
+        p->level--;
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
+    Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
+    { // (',' star_target)
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_203[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "bitwise_or ((',' bitwise_or))* ','?"));
-        asdl_seq * _loop0_266_var;
-        void *_opt_var;
-        UNUSED(_opt_var); // Silence compiler warnings
-        expr_ty bitwise_or_var;
-        if (
-            (bitwise_or_var = bitwise_or_rule(p))  // bitwise_or
-            &&
-            (_loop0_266_var = _loop0_266_rule(p))  // ((',' bitwise_or))*
-            &&
-            (_opt_var = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12), !p->error_indicator)  // ','?
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_93[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "(',' star_target)"));
+        void *_tmp_160_var;
+        while (
+            (_tmp_160_var = _tmp_160_rule(p))  // ',' star_target
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_203[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "bitwise_or ((',' bitwise_or))* ','?"));
-            _res = _PyPegen_dummy_name(p, bitwise_or_var, _loop0_266_var, _opt_var);
-            goto done;
+            _res = _tmp_160_var;
+            if (_n == _children_capacity) {
+                _children_capacity *= 2;
+                void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
+                if (!_new_children) {
+                    PyMem_Free(_children);
+                    p->error_indicator = 1;
+                    PyErr_NoMemory();
+                    p->level--;
+                    return NULL;
+                }
+                _children = _new_children;
+            }
+            _children[_n++] = _res;
+            _mark = p->mark;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_203[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "bitwise_or ((',' bitwise_or))* ','?"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_93[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "(',' star_target)"));
     }
-    _res = NULL;
-  done:
+    asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
+    if (!_seq) {
+        PyMem_Free(_children);
+        p->error_indicator = 1;
+        PyErr_NoMemory();
+        p->level--;
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
+    PyMem_Free(_children);
     p->level--;
-    return _res;
+    return _seq;
 }
 
-// _loop0_205: ',' dotted_name
+// _loop0_94: ',' star_target
 static asdl_seq *
-_loop0_205_rule(Parser *p)
+_loop0_94_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -38240,18 +31326,18 @@ _loop0_205_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
     Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // ',' dotted_name
+    { // ',' star_target
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_205[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' dotted_name"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_94[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' star_target"));
         Token * _literal;
         expr_ty elem;
         while (
             (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
             &&
-            (elem = dotted_name_rule(p))  // dotted_name
+            (elem = star_target_rule(p))  // star_target
         )
         {
             _res = elem;
@@ -38277,8 +31363,8 @@ _loop0_205_rule(Parser *p)
             _mark = p->mark;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_205[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "',' dotted_name"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_94[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "',' star_target"));
     }
     asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
     if (!_seq) {
@@ -38288,15 +31374,15 @@ _loop0_205_rule(Parser *p)
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
     PyMem_Free(_children);
     p->level--;
     return _seq;
 }
 
-// _gather_204: dotted_name _loop0_205
+// _gather_95: star_target _loop0_94
 static asdl_seq *
-_gather_204_rule(Parser *p)
+_gather_95_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -38307,27 +31393,27 @@ _gather_204_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     asdl_seq * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // dotted_name _loop0_205
+    { // star_target _loop0_94
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _gather_204[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "dotted_name _loop0_205"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _gather_95[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "star_target _loop0_94"));
         expr_ty elem;
         asdl_seq * seq;
         if (
-            (elem = dotted_name_rule(p))  // dotted_name
+            (elem = star_target_rule(p))  // star_target
             &&
-            (seq = _loop0_205_rule(p))  // _loop0_205
+            (seq = _loop0_94_rule(p))  // _loop0_94
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _gather_204[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "dotted_name _loop0_205"));
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _gather_95[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "star_target _loop0_94"));
             _res = _PyPegen_seq_insert_in_front(p, elem, seq);
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _gather_204[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "dotted_name _loop0_205"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _gather_95[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "star_target _loop0_94"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
   done:
@@ -38335,9 +31421,9 @@ _gather_204_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _loop0_207: ',' (expression ['as' star_target])
+// _loop1_96: (',' star_target)
 static asdl_seq *
-_loop0_207_rule(Parser *p)
+_loop1_96_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -38357,27 +31443,18 @@ _loop0_207_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
     Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // ',' (expression ['as' star_target])
+    { // (',' star_target)
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_207[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' (expression ['as' star_target])"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        void *elem;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop1_96[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "(',' star_target)"));
+        void *_tmp_160_var;
         while (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
-            &&
-            (elem = _tmp_267_rule(p))  // expression ['as' star_target]
+            (_tmp_160_var = _tmp_160_rule(p))  // ',' star_target
         )
         {
-            _res = elem;
-            if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
-                p->error_indicator = 1;
-                PyMem_Free(_children);
-                p->level--;
-                return NULL;
-            }
+            _res = _tmp_160_var;
             if (_n == _children_capacity) {
                 _children_capacity *= 2;
                 void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
@@ -38394,8 +31471,13 @@ _loop0_207_rule(Parser *p)
             _mark = p->mark;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_207[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "',' (expression ['as' star_target])"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop1_96[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "(',' star_target)"));
+    }
+    if (_n == 0 || p->error_indicator) {
+        PyMem_Free(_children);
+        p->level--;
+        return NULL;
     }
     asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
     if (!_seq) {
@@ -38405,15 +31487,15 @@ _loop0_207_rule(Parser *p)
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
     PyMem_Free(_children);
     p->level--;
     return _seq;
 }
 
-// _gather_206: (expression ['as' star_target]) _loop0_207
-static asdl_seq *
-_gather_206_rule(Parser *p)
+// _tmp_97: !'*' star_target
+static void *
+_tmp_97_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -38422,29 +31504,28 @@ _gather_206_rule(Parser *p)
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    asdl_seq * _res = NULL;
+    void * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // (expression ['as' star_target]) _loop0_207
+    { // !'*' star_target
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _gather_206[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "(expression ['as' star_target]) _loop0_207"));
-        void *elem;
-        asdl_seq * seq;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_97[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "!'*' star_target"));
+        expr_ty star_target_var;
         if (
-            (elem = _tmp_267_rule(p))  // expression ['as' star_target]
+            _PyPegen_lookahead_with_int(0, _PyPegen_expect_token, p, 16)  // token='*'
             &&
-            (seq = _loop0_207_rule(p))  // _loop0_207
+            (star_target_var = star_target_rule(p))  // star_target
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _gather_206[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "(expression ['as' star_target]) _loop0_207"));
-            _res = _PyPegen_seq_insert_in_front(p, elem, seq);
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_97[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "!'*' star_target"));
+            _res = star_target_var;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _gather_206[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "(expression ['as' star_target]) _loop0_207"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_97[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "!'*' star_target"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
   done:
@@ -38452,9 +31533,9 @@ _gather_206_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _loop0_209: ',' (expressions ['as' star_target])
+// _loop0_98: ',' del_target
 static asdl_seq *
-_loop0_209_rule(Parser *p)
+_loop0_98_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -38474,18 +31555,18 @@ _loop0_209_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
     Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // ',' (expressions ['as' star_target])
+    { // ',' del_target
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_209[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' (expressions ['as' star_target])"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_98[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' del_target"));
         Token * _literal;
-        void *elem;
+        expr_ty elem;
         while (
             (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
             &&
-            (elem = _tmp_268_rule(p))  // expressions ['as' star_target]
+            (elem = del_target_rule(p))  // del_target
         )
         {
             _res = elem;
@@ -38511,8 +31592,8 @@ _loop0_209_rule(Parser *p)
             _mark = p->mark;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_209[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "',' (expressions ['as' star_target])"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_98[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "',' del_target"));
     }
     asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
     if (!_seq) {
@@ -38522,15 +31603,15 @@ _loop0_209_rule(Parser *p)
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
     PyMem_Free(_children);
     p->level--;
     return _seq;
 }
 
-// _gather_208: (expressions ['as' star_target]) _loop0_209
+// _gather_99: del_target _loop0_98
 static asdl_seq *
-_gather_208_rule(Parser *p)
+_gather_99_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -38541,27 +31622,27 @@ _gather_208_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     asdl_seq * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // (expressions ['as' star_target]) _loop0_209
+    { // del_target _loop0_98
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _gather_208[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "(expressions ['as' star_target]) _loop0_209"));
-        void *elem;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _gather_99[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "del_target _loop0_98"));
+        expr_ty elem;
         asdl_seq * seq;
         if (
-            (elem = _tmp_268_rule(p))  // expressions ['as' star_target]
+            (elem = del_target_rule(p))  // del_target
             &&
-            (seq = _loop0_209_rule(p))  // _loop0_209
+            (seq = _loop0_98_rule(p))  // _loop0_98
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _gather_208[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "(expressions ['as' star_target]) _loop0_209"));
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _gather_99[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "del_target _loop0_98"));
             _res = _PyPegen_seq_insert_in_front(p, elem, seq);
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _gather_208[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "(expressions ['as' star_target]) _loop0_209"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _gather_99[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "del_target _loop0_98"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
   done:
@@ -38569,9 +31650,9 @@ _gather_208_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _loop0_211: ',' (expression ['as' star_target])
+// _loop0_100: ',' expression
 static asdl_seq *
-_loop0_211_rule(Parser *p)
+_loop0_100_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -38591,18 +31672,18 @@ _loop0_211_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
     Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // ',' (expression ['as' star_target])
+    { // ',' expression
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_211[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' (expression ['as' star_target])"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_100[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' expression"));
         Token * _literal;
-        void *elem;
+        expr_ty elem;
         while (
             (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
             &&
-            (elem = _tmp_269_rule(p))  // expression ['as' star_target]
+            (elem = expression_rule(p))  // expression
         )
         {
             _res = elem;
@@ -38628,8 +31709,8 @@ _loop0_211_rule(Parser *p)
             _mark = p->mark;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_211[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "',' (expression ['as' star_target])"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_100[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "',' expression"));
     }
     asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
     if (!_seq) {
@@ -38639,15 +31720,15 @@ _loop0_211_rule(Parser *p)
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
     PyMem_Free(_children);
     p->level--;
     return _seq;
 }
 
-// _gather_210: (expression ['as' star_target]) _loop0_211
+// _gather_101: expression _loop0_100
 static asdl_seq *
-_gather_210_rule(Parser *p)
+_gather_101_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -38658,27 +31739,127 @@ _gather_210_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     asdl_seq * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // (expression ['as' star_target]) _loop0_211
+    { // expression _loop0_100
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _gather_210[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "(expression ['as' star_target]) _loop0_211"));
-        void *elem;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _gather_101[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "expression _loop0_100"));
+        expr_ty elem;
         asdl_seq * seq;
         if (
-            (elem = _tmp_269_rule(p))  // expression ['as' star_target]
+            (elem = expression_rule(p))  // expression
             &&
-            (seq = _loop0_211_rule(p))  // _loop0_211
+            (seq = _loop0_100_rule(p))  // _loop0_100
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _gather_210[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "(expression ['as' star_target]) _loop0_211"));
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _gather_101[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "expression _loop0_100"));
             _res = _PyPegen_seq_insert_in_front(p, elem, seq);
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _gather_210[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "(expression ['as' star_target]) _loop0_211"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _gather_101[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "expression _loop0_100"));
+    }
+    _res = NULL;
+  done:
+    p->level--;
+    return _res;
+}
+
+// _tmp_102: NEWLINE INDENT
+static void *
+_tmp_102_rule(Parser *p)
+{
+    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
+        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
+    }
+    if (p->error_indicator) {
+        p->level--;
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    void * _res = NULL;
+    int _mark = p->mark;
+    { // NEWLINE INDENT
+        if (p->error_indicator) {
+            p->level--;
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_102[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "NEWLINE INDENT"));
+        Token * indent_var;
+        Token * newline_var;
+        if (
+            (newline_var = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, NEWLINE))  // token='NEWLINE'
+            &&
+            (indent_var = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, INDENT))  // token='INDENT'
+        )
+        {
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_102[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "NEWLINE INDENT"));
+            _res = _PyPegen_dummy_name(p, newline_var, indent_var);
+            goto done;
+        }
+        p->mark = _mark;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_102[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "NEWLINE INDENT"));
+    }
+    _res = NULL;
+  done:
+    p->level--;
+    return _res;
+}
+
+// _tmp_103:
+//     | (','.(starred_expression | (assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'=')+ ',' kwargs)
+//     | kwargs
+static void *
+_tmp_103_rule(Parser *p)
+{
+    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
+        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
+    }
+    if (p->error_indicator) {
+        p->level--;
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    void * _res = NULL;
+    int _mark = p->mark;
+    { // (','.(starred_expression | (assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'=')+ ',' kwargs)
+        if (p->error_indicator) {
+            p->level--;
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_103[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "(','.(starred_expression | (assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'=')+ ',' kwargs)"));
+        void *_tmp_161_var;
+        if (
+            (_tmp_161_var = _tmp_161_rule(p))  // ','.(starred_expression | (assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'=')+ ',' kwargs
+        )
+        {
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_103[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "(','.(starred_expression | (assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'=')+ ',' kwargs)"));
+            _res = _tmp_161_var;
+            goto done;
+        }
+        p->mark = _mark;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_103[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "(','.(starred_expression | (assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'=')+ ',' kwargs)"));
+    }
+    { // kwargs
+        if (p->error_indicator) {
+            p->level--;
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_103[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "kwargs"));
+        asdl_seq* kwargs_var;
+        if (
+            (kwargs_var = kwargs_rule(p))  // kwargs
+        )
+        {
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_103[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "kwargs"));
+            _res = kwargs_var;
+            goto done;
+        }
+        p->mark = _mark;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_103[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "kwargs"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
   done:
@@ -38686,9 +31867,9 @@ _gather_210_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _loop0_213: ',' (expressions ['as' star_target])
+// _loop0_104: ',' (starred_expression !'=')
 static asdl_seq *
-_loop0_213_rule(Parser *p)
+_loop0_104_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -38708,18 +31889,18 @@ _loop0_213_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
     Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // ',' (expressions ['as' star_target])
+    { // ',' (starred_expression !'=')
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_213[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' (expressions ['as' star_target])"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_104[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' (starred_expression !'=')"));
         Token * _literal;
         void *elem;
         while (
             (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
             &&
-            (elem = _tmp_270_rule(p))  // expressions ['as' star_target]
+            (elem = _tmp_162_rule(p))  // starred_expression !'='
         )
         {
             _res = elem;
@@ -38745,8 +31926,8 @@ _loop0_213_rule(Parser *p)
             _mark = p->mark;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_213[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "',' (expressions ['as' star_target])"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_104[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "',' (starred_expression !'=')"));
     }
     asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
     if (!_seq) {
@@ -38756,15 +31937,15 @@ _loop0_213_rule(Parser *p)
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
     PyMem_Free(_children);
     p->level--;
     return _seq;
 }
 
-// _gather_212: (expressions ['as' star_target]) _loop0_213
+// _gather_105: (starred_expression !'=') _loop0_104
 static asdl_seq *
-_gather_212_rule(Parser *p)
+_gather_105_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -38775,27 +31956,362 @@ _gather_212_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     asdl_seq * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // (expressions ['as' star_target]) _loop0_213
+    { // (starred_expression !'=') _loop0_104
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _gather_212[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "(expressions ['as' star_target]) _loop0_213"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _gather_105[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "(starred_expression !'=') _loop0_104"));
         void *elem;
         asdl_seq * seq;
         if (
-            (elem = _tmp_270_rule(p))  // expressions ['as' star_target]
+            (elem = _tmp_162_rule(p))  // starred_expression !'='
+            &&
+            (seq = _loop0_104_rule(p))  // _loop0_104
+        )
+        {
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _gather_105[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "(starred_expression !'=') _loop0_104"));
+            _res = _PyPegen_seq_insert_in_front(p, elem, seq);
+            goto done;
+        }
+        p->mark = _mark;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _gather_105[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "(starred_expression !'=') _loop0_104"));
+    }
+    _res = NULL;
+  done:
+    p->level--;
+    return _res;
+}
+
+// _tmp_106: args | expression for_if_clauses
+static void *
+_tmp_106_rule(Parser *p)
+{
+    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
+        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
+    }
+    if (p->error_indicator) {
+        p->level--;
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    void * _res = NULL;
+    int _mark = p->mark;
+    { // args
+        if (p->error_indicator) {
+            p->level--;
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_106[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "args"));
+        expr_ty args_var;
+        if (
+            (args_var = args_rule(p))  // args
+        )
+        {
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_106[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "args"));
+            _res = args_var;
+            goto done;
+        }
+        p->mark = _mark;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_106[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "args"));
+    }
+    { // expression for_if_clauses
+        if (p->error_indicator) {
+            p->level--;
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_106[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "expression for_if_clauses"));
+        expr_ty expression_var;
+        asdl_comprehension_seq* for_if_clauses_var;
+        if (
+            (expression_var = expression_rule(p))  // expression
+            &&
+            (for_if_clauses_var = for_if_clauses_rule(p))  // for_if_clauses
+        )
+        {
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_106[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "expression for_if_clauses"));
+            _res = _PyPegen_dummy_name(p, expression_var, for_if_clauses_var);
+            goto done;
+        }
+        p->mark = _mark;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_106[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "expression for_if_clauses"));
+    }
+    _res = NULL;
+  done:
+    p->level--;
+    return _res;
+}
+
+// _tmp_107: args ','
+static void *
+_tmp_107_rule(Parser *p)
+{
+    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
+        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
+    }
+    if (p->error_indicator) {
+        p->level--;
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    void * _res = NULL;
+    int _mark = p->mark;
+    { // args ','
+        if (p->error_indicator) {
+            p->level--;
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_107[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "args ','"));
+        Token * _literal;
+        expr_ty args_var;
+        if (
+            (args_var = args_rule(p))  // args
+            &&
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
+        )
+        {
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_107[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "args ','"));
+            _res = _PyPegen_dummy_name(p, args_var, _literal);
+            goto done;
+        }
+        p->mark = _mark;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_107[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "args ','"));
+    }
+    _res = NULL;
+  done:
+    p->level--;
+    return _res;
+}
+
+// _tmp_108: ',' | ')'
+static void *
+_tmp_108_rule(Parser *p)
+{
+    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
+        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
+    }
+    if (p->error_indicator) {
+        p->level--;
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    void * _res = NULL;
+    int _mark = p->mark;
+    { // ','
+        if (p->error_indicator) {
+            p->level--;
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_108[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "','"));
+        Token * _literal;
+        if (
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
+        )
+        {
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_108[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "','"));
+            _res = _literal;
+            goto done;
+        }
+        p->mark = _mark;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_108[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "','"));
+    }
+    { // ')'
+        if (p->error_indicator) {
+            p->level--;
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_108[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "')'"));
+        Token * _literal;
+        if (
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 8))  // token=')'
+        )
+        {
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_108[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "')'"));
+            _res = _literal;
+            goto done;
+        }
+        p->mark = _mark;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_108[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "')'"));
+    }
+    _res = NULL;
+  done:
+    p->level--;
+    return _res;
+}
+
+// _tmp_109: 'True' | 'False' | 'None'
+static void *
+_tmp_109_rule(Parser *p)
+{
+    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
+        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
+    }
+    if (p->error_indicator) {
+        p->level--;
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    void * _res = NULL;
+    int _mark = p->mark;
+    { // 'True'
+        if (p->error_indicator) {
+            p->level--;
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_109[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'True'"));
+        Token * _keyword;
+        if (
+            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 610))  // token='True'
+        )
+        {
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_109[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'True'"));
+            _res = _keyword;
+            goto done;
+        }
+        p->mark = _mark;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_109[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'True'"));
+    }
+    { // 'False'
+        if (p->error_indicator) {
+            p->level--;
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_109[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'False'"));
+        Token * _keyword;
+        if (
+            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 612))  // token='False'
+        )
+        {
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_109[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'False'"));
+            _res = _keyword;
+            goto done;
+        }
+        p->mark = _mark;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_109[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'False'"));
+    }
+    { // 'None'
+        if (p->error_indicator) {
+            p->level--;
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_109[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'None'"));
+        Token * _keyword;
+        if (
+            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 611))  // token='None'
+        )
+        {
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_109[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'None'"));
+            _res = _keyword;
+            goto done;
+        }
+        p->mark = _mark;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_109[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'None'"));
+    }
+    _res = NULL;
+  done:
+    p->level--;
+    return _res;
+}
+
+// _tmp_110: NAME '='
+static void *
+_tmp_110_rule(Parser *p)
+{
+    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
+        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
+    }
+    if (p->error_indicator) {
+        p->level--;
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    void * _res = NULL;
+    int _mark = p->mark;
+    { // NAME '='
+        if (p->error_indicator) {
+            p->level--;
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_110[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "NAME '='"));
+        Token * _literal;
+        expr_ty name_var;
+        if (
+            (name_var = _PyPegen_name_token(p))  // NAME
+            &&
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 22))  // token='='
+        )
+        {
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_110[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "NAME '='"));
+            _res = _PyPegen_dummy_name(p, name_var, _literal);
+            goto done;
+        }
+        p->mark = _mark;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_110[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "NAME '='"));
+    }
+    _res = NULL;
+  done:
+    p->level--;
+    return _res;
+}
+
+// _tmp_111: NAME STRING | SOFT_KEYWORD
+static void *
+_tmp_111_rule(Parser *p)
+{
+    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
+        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
+    }
+    if (p->error_indicator) {
+        p->level--;
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    void * _res = NULL;
+    int _mark = p->mark;
+    { // NAME STRING
+        if (p->error_indicator) {
+            p->level--;
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_111[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "NAME STRING"));
+        expr_ty name_var;
+        expr_ty string_var;
+        if (
+            (name_var = _PyPegen_name_token(p))  // NAME
             &&
-            (seq = _loop0_213_rule(p))  // _loop0_213
+            (string_var = _PyPegen_string_token(p))  // STRING
+        )
+        {
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_111[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "NAME STRING"));
+            _res = _PyPegen_dummy_name(p, name_var, string_var);
+            goto done;
+        }
+        p->mark = _mark;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_111[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "NAME STRING"));
+    }
+    { // SOFT_KEYWORD
+        if (p->error_indicator) {
+            p->level--;
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_111[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "SOFT_KEYWORD"));
+        expr_ty soft_keyword_var;
+        if (
+            (soft_keyword_var = _PyPegen_soft_keyword_token(p))  // SOFT_KEYWORD
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _gather_212[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "(expressions ['as' star_target]) _loop0_213"));
-            _res = _PyPegen_seq_insert_in_front(p, elem, seq);
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_111[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "SOFT_KEYWORD"));
+            _res = soft_keyword_var;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _gather_212[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "(expressions ['as' star_target]) _loop0_213"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_111[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "SOFT_KEYWORD"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
   done:
@@ -38803,9 +32319,9 @@ _gather_212_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _tmp_214: 'except' | 'finally'
+// _tmp_112: 'else' | ':'
 static void *
-_tmp_214_rule(Parser *p)
+_tmp_112_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -38816,43 +32332,43 @@ _tmp_214_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     void * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // 'except'
+    { // 'else'
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_214[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'except'"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_112[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'else'"));
         Token * _keyword;
         if (
-            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 655))  // token='except'
+            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 671))  // token='else'
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_214[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'except'"));
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_112[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'else'"));
             _res = _keyword;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_214[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'except'"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_112[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'else'"));
     }
-    { // 'finally'
+    { // ':'
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_214[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'finally'"));
-        Token * _keyword;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_112[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "':'"));
+        Token * _literal;
         if (
-            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 651))  // token='finally'
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 11))  // token=':'
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_214[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'finally'"));
-            _res = _keyword;
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_112[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "':'"));
+            _res = _literal;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_214[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'finally'"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_112[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "':'"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
   done:
@@ -38860,9 +32376,9 @@ _tmp_214_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _loop0_215: block
-static asdl_seq *
-_loop0_215_rule(Parser *p)
+// _tmp_113: '=' | ':='
+static void *
+_tmp_113_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -38871,65 +32387,55 @@ _loop0_215_rule(Parser *p)
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    void *_res = NULL;
+    void * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    void **_children = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(void *));
-    if (!_children) {
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
-    Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // block
+    { // '='
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_215[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "block"));
-        asdl_stmt_seq* block_var;
-        while (
-            (block_var = block_rule(p))  // block
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_113[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'='"));
+        Token * _literal;
+        if (
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 22))  // token='='
         )
         {
-            _res = block_var;
-            if (_n == _children_capacity) {
-                _children_capacity *= 2;
-                void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
-                if (!_new_children) {
-                    PyMem_Free(_children);
-                    p->error_indicator = 1;
-                    PyErr_NoMemory();
-                    p->level--;
-                    return NULL;
-                }
-                _children = _new_children;
-            }
-            _children[_n++] = _res;
-            _mark = p->mark;
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_113[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'='"));
+            _res = _literal;
+            goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_215[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "block"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_113[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'='"));
     }
-    asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
-    if (!_seq) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
+    { // ':='
+        if (p->error_indicator) {
+            p->level--;
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_113[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "':='"));
+        Token * _literal;
+        if (
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 53))  // token=':='
+        )
+        {
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_113[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "':='"));
+            _res = _literal;
+            goto done;
+        }
+        p->mark = _mark;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_113[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "':='"));
     }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
-    PyMem_Free(_children);
+    _res = NULL;
+  done:
     p->level--;
-    return _seq;
+    return _res;
 }
 
-// _loop1_216: except_block
-static asdl_seq *
-_loop1_216_rule(Parser *p)
+// _tmp_114: list | tuple | genexp | 'True' | 'None' | 'False'
+static void *
+_tmp_114_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -38938,101 +32444,121 @@ _loop1_216_rule(Parser *p)
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    void *_res = NULL;
+    void * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    void **_children = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(void *));
-    if (!_children) {
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
-    Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // except_block
+    { // list
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop1_216[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "except_block"));
-        excepthandler_ty except_block_var;
-        while (
-            (except_block_var = except_block_rule(p))  // except_block
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_114[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "list"));
+        expr_ty list_var;
+        if (
+            (list_var = list_rule(p))  // list
         )
         {
-            _res = except_block_var;
-            if (_n == _children_capacity) {
-                _children_capacity *= 2;
-                void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
-                if (!_new_children) {
-                    PyMem_Free(_children);
-                    p->error_indicator = 1;
-                    PyErr_NoMemory();
-                    p->level--;
-                    return NULL;
-                }
-                _children = _new_children;
-            }
-            _children[_n++] = _res;
-            _mark = p->mark;
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_114[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "list"));
+            _res = list_var;
+            goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop1_216[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "except_block"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_114[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "list"));
     }
-    if (_n == 0 || p->error_indicator) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
+    { // tuple
+        if (p->error_indicator) {
+            p->level--;
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_114[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "tuple"));
+        expr_ty tuple_var;
+        if (
+            (tuple_var = tuple_rule(p))  // tuple
+        )
+        {
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_114[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "tuple"));
+            _res = tuple_var;
+            goto done;
+        }
+        p->mark = _mark;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_114[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "tuple"));
     }
-    asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
-    if (!_seq) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
+    { // genexp
+        if (p->error_indicator) {
+            p->level--;
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_114[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "genexp"));
+        expr_ty genexp_var;
+        if (
+            (genexp_var = genexp_rule(p))  // genexp
+        )
+        {
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_114[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "genexp"));
+            _res = genexp_var;
+            goto done;
+        }
+        p->mark = _mark;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_114[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "genexp"));
     }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
-    PyMem_Free(_children);
-    p->level--;
-    return _seq;
-}
-
-// _tmp_217: 'as' NAME
-static void *
-_tmp_217_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
+    { // 'True'
+        if (p->error_indicator) {
+            p->level--;
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_114[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'True'"));
+        Token * _keyword;
+        if (
+            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 610))  // token='True'
+        )
+        {
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_114[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'True'"));
+            _res = _keyword;
+            goto done;
+        }
+        p->mark = _mark;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_114[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'True'"));
     }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
+    { // 'None'
+        if (p->error_indicator) {
+            p->level--;
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_114[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'None'"));
+        Token * _keyword;
+        if (
+            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 611))  // token='None'
+        )
+        {
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_114[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'None'"));
+            _res = _keyword;
+            goto done;
+        }
+        p->mark = _mark;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_114[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'None'"));
     }
-    void * _res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // 'as' NAME
+    { // 'False'
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_217[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'as' NAME"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_114[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'False'"));
         Token * _keyword;
-        expr_ty name_var;
         if (
-            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 658))  // token='as'
-            &&
-            (name_var = _PyPegen_name_token(p))  // NAME
+            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 612))  // token='False'
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_217[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'as' NAME"));
-            _res = _PyPegen_dummy_name(p, _keyword, name_var);
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_114[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'False'"));
+            _res = _keyword;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_217[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'as' NAME"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_114[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'False'"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
   done:
@@ -39040,9 +32566,9 @@ _tmp_217_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _loop0_218: block
+// _loop0_115: star_named_expressions
 static asdl_seq *
-_loop0_218_rule(Parser *p)
+_loop0_115_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -39062,18 +32588,18 @@ _loop0_218_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
     Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // block
+    { // star_named_expressions
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_218[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "block"));
-        asdl_stmt_seq* block_var;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_115[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "star_named_expressions"));
+        asdl_expr_seq* star_named_expressions_var;
         while (
-            (block_var = block_rule(p))  // block
+            (star_named_expressions_var = star_named_expressions_rule(p))  // star_named_expressions
         )
         {
-            _res = block_var;
+            _res = star_named_expressions_var;
             if (_n == _children_capacity) {
                 _children_capacity *= 2;
                 void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
@@ -39090,8 +32616,8 @@ _loop0_218_rule(Parser *p)
             _mark = p->mark;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_218[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "block"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_115[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "star_named_expressions"));
     }
     asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
     if (!_seq) {
@@ -39101,15 +32627,15 @@ _loop0_218_rule(Parser *p)
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
     PyMem_Free(_children);
     p->level--;
     return _seq;
 }
 
-// _loop1_219: except_star_block
+// _loop0_116: (star_targets '=')
 static asdl_seq *
-_loop1_219_rule(Parser *p)
+_loop0_116_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -39129,18 +32655,18 @@ _loop1_219_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
     Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // except_star_block
+    { // (star_targets '=')
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop1_219[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "except_star_block"));
-        excepthandler_ty except_star_block_var;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_116[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "(star_targets '=')"));
+        void *_tmp_150_var;
         while (
-            (except_star_block_var = except_star_block_rule(p))  // except_star_block
+            (_tmp_150_var = _tmp_150_rule(p))  // star_targets '='
         )
         {
-            _res = except_star_block_var;
+            _res = _tmp_150_var;
             if (_n == _children_capacity) {
                 _children_capacity *= 2;
                 void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
@@ -39157,13 +32683,8 @@ _loop1_219_rule(Parser *p)
             _mark = p->mark;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop1_219[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "except_star_block"));
-    }
-    if (_n == 0 || p->error_indicator) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_116[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "(star_targets '=')"));
     }
     asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
     if (!_seq) {
@@ -39173,15 +32694,15 @@ _loop1_219_rule(Parser *p)
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
     PyMem_Free(_children);
     p->level--;
     return _seq;
 }
 
-// _tmp_220: expression ['as' NAME]
+// _tmp_117: '[' | '(' | '{'
 static void *
-_tmp_220_rule(Parser *p)
+_tmp_117_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -39192,110 +32713,62 @@ _tmp_220_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     void * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // expression ['as' NAME]
+    { // '['
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_220[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "expression ['as' NAME]"));
-        void *_opt_var;
-        UNUSED(_opt_var); // Silence compiler warnings
-        expr_ty expression_var;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_117[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'['"));
+        Token * _literal;
         if (
-            (expression_var = expression_rule(p))  // expression
-            &&
-            (_opt_var = _tmp_271_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // ['as' NAME]
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 9))  // token='['
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_220[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "expression ['as' NAME]"));
-            _res = _PyPegen_dummy_name(p, expression_var, _opt_var);
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_117[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'['"));
+            _res = _literal;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_220[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "expression ['as' NAME]"));
-    }
-    _res = NULL;
-  done:
-    p->level--;
-    return _res;
-}
-
-// _tmp_221: 'as' NAME
-static void *
-_tmp_221_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_117[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'['"));
     }
-    void * _res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // 'as' NAME
+    { // '('
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_221[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'as' NAME"));
-        Token * _keyword;
-        expr_ty name_var;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_117[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'('"));
+        Token * _literal;
         if (
-            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 658))  // token='as'
-            &&
-            (name_var = _PyPegen_name_token(p))  // NAME
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 7))  // token='('
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_221[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'as' NAME"));
-            _res = _PyPegen_dummy_name(p, _keyword, name_var);
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_117[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'('"));
+            _res = _literal;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_221[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'as' NAME"));
-    }
-    _res = NULL;
-  done:
-    p->level--;
-    return _res;
-}
-
-// _tmp_222: 'as' NAME
-static void *
-_tmp_222_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_117[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'('"));
     }
-    void * _res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // 'as' NAME
+    { // '{'
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_222[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'as' NAME"));
-        Token * _keyword;
-        expr_ty name_var;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_117[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'{'"));
+        Token * _literal;
         if (
-            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 658))  // token='as'
-            &&
-            (name_var = _PyPegen_name_token(p))  // NAME
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 25))  // token='{'
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_222[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'as' NAME"));
-            _res = _PyPegen_dummy_name(p, _keyword, name_var);
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_117[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'{'"));
+            _res = _literal;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_222[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'as' NAME"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_117[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'{'"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
   done:
@@ -39303,9 +32776,9 @@ _tmp_222_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _tmp_223: NEWLINE | ':'
+// _tmp_118: '[' | '{'
 static void *
-_tmp_223_rule(Parser *p)
+_tmp_118_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -39316,43 +32789,43 @@ _tmp_223_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     void * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // NEWLINE
+    { // '['
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_223[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "NEWLINE"));
-        Token * newline_var;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_118[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'['"));
+        Token * _literal;
         if (
-            (newline_var = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, NEWLINE))  // token='NEWLINE'
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 9))  // token='['
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_223[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "NEWLINE"));
-            _res = newline_var;
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_118[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'['"));
+            _res = _literal;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_223[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "NEWLINE"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_118[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'['"));
     }
-    { // ':'
+    { // '{'
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_223[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "':'"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_118[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'{'"));
         Token * _literal;
         if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 11))  // token=':'
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 25))  // token='{'
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_223[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "':'"));
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_118[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'{'"));
             _res = _literal;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_223[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "':'"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_118[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'{'"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
   done:
@@ -39360,9 +32833,9 @@ _tmp_223_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _tmp_224: 'as' NAME
+// _tmp_119: slash_no_default | slash_with_default
 static void *
-_tmp_224_rule(Parser *p)
+_tmp_119_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -39373,27 +32846,43 @@ _tmp_224_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     void * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // 'as' NAME
+    { // slash_no_default
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_224[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'as' NAME"));
-        Token * _keyword;
-        expr_ty name_var;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_119[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "slash_no_default"));
+        asdl_arg_seq* slash_no_default_var;
         if (
-            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 658))  // token='as'
-            &&
-            (name_var = _PyPegen_name_token(p))  // NAME
+            (slash_no_default_var = slash_no_default_rule(p))  // slash_no_default
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_224[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'as' NAME"));
-            _res = _PyPegen_dummy_name(p, _keyword, name_var);
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_119[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "slash_no_default"));
+            _res = slash_no_default_var;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_224[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'as' NAME"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_119[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "slash_no_default"));
+    }
+    { // slash_with_default
+        if (p->error_indicator) {
+            p->level--;
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_119[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "slash_with_default"));
+        SlashWithDefault* slash_with_default_var;
+        if (
+            (slash_with_default_var = slash_with_default_rule(p))  // slash_with_default
+        )
+        {
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_119[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "slash_with_default"));
+            _res = slash_with_default_var;
+            goto done;
+        }
+        p->mark = _mark;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_119[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "slash_with_default"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
   done:
@@ -39401,9 +32890,9 @@ _tmp_224_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _tmp_225: 'as' NAME
+// _tmp_120: ',' | param_no_default
 static void *
-_tmp_225_rule(Parser *p)
+_tmp_120_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -39414,27 +32903,43 @@ _tmp_225_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     void * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // 'as' NAME
+    { // ','
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_225[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'as' NAME"));
-        Token * _keyword;
-        expr_ty name_var;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_120[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "','"));
+        Token * _literal;
         if (
-            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 658))  // token='as'
-            &&
-            (name_var = _PyPegen_name_token(p))  // NAME
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_225[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'as' NAME"));
-            _res = _PyPegen_dummy_name(p, _keyword, name_var);
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_120[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "','"));
+            _res = _literal;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_225[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'as' NAME"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_120[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "','"));
+    }
+    { // param_no_default
+        if (p->error_indicator) {
+            p->level--;
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_120[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "param_no_default"));
+        arg_ty param_no_default_var;
+        if (
+            (param_no_default_var = param_no_default_rule(p))  // param_no_default
+        )
+        {
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_120[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "param_no_default"));
+            _res = param_no_default_var;
+            goto done;
+        }
+        p->mark = _mark;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_120[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "param_no_default"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
   done:
@@ -39442,9 +32947,9 @@ _tmp_225_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _tmp_226: positional_patterns ','
+// _tmp_121: ')' | ','
 static void *
-_tmp_226_rule(Parser *p)
+_tmp_121_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -39455,27 +32960,43 @@ _tmp_226_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     void * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // positional_patterns ','
+    { // ')'
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_226[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "positional_patterns ','"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_121[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "')'"));
+        Token * _literal;
+        if (
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 8))  // token=')'
+        )
+        {
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_121[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "')'"));
+            _res = _literal;
+            goto done;
+        }
+        p->mark = _mark;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_121[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "')'"));
+    }
+    { // ','
+        if (p->error_indicator) {
+            p->level--;
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_121[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "','"));
         Token * _literal;
-        asdl_pattern_seq* positional_patterns_var;
         if (
-            (positional_patterns_var = positional_patterns_rule(p))  // positional_patterns
-            &&
             (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_226[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "positional_patterns ','"));
-            _res = _PyPegen_dummy_name(p, positional_patterns_var, _literal);
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_121[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "','"));
+            _res = _literal;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_226[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "positional_patterns ','"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_121[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "','"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
   done:
@@ -39483,9 +33004,9 @@ _tmp_226_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _tmp_227: '->' expression
+// _tmp_122: ')' | ',' (')' | '**')
 static void *
-_tmp_227_rule(Parser *p)
+_tmp_122_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -39496,27 +33017,46 @@ _tmp_227_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     void * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // '->' expression
+    { // ')'
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_227[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'->' expression"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_122[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "')'"));
         Token * _literal;
-        expr_ty expression_var;
         if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 51))  // token='->'
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 8))  // token=')'
+        )
+        {
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_122[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "')'"));
+            _res = _literal;
+            goto done;
+        }
+        p->mark = _mark;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_122[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "')'"));
+    }
+    { // ',' (')' | '**')
+        if (p->error_indicator) {
+            p->level--;
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_122[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' (')' | '**')"));
+        Token * _literal;
+        void *_tmp_163_var;
+        if (
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
             &&
-            (expression_var = expression_rule(p))  // expression
+            (_tmp_163_var = _tmp_163_rule(p))  // ')' | '**'
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_227[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'->' expression"));
-            _res = _PyPegen_dummy_name(p, _literal, expression_var);
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_122[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' (')' | '**')"));
+            _res = _PyPegen_dummy_name(p, _literal, _tmp_163_var);
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_227[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'->' expression"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_122[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "',' (')' | '**')"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
   done:
@@ -39524,9 +33064,9 @@ _tmp_227_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _tmp_228: '->' expression
+// _tmp_123: param_no_default | ','
 static void *
-_tmp_228_rule(Parser *p)
+_tmp_123_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -39537,27 +33077,43 @@ _tmp_228_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     void * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // '->' expression
+    { // param_no_default
+        if (p->error_indicator) {
+            p->level--;
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_123[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "param_no_default"));
+        arg_ty param_no_default_var;
+        if (
+            (param_no_default_var = param_no_default_rule(p))  // param_no_default
+        )
+        {
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_123[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "param_no_default"));
+            _res = param_no_default_var;
+            goto done;
+        }
+        p->mark = _mark;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_123[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "param_no_default"));
+    }
+    { // ','
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_228[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'->' expression"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_123[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "','"));
         Token * _literal;
-        expr_ty expression_var;
         if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 51))  // token='->'
-            &&
-            (expression_var = expression_rule(p))  // expression
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_228[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'->' expression"));
-            _res = _PyPegen_dummy_name(p, _literal, expression_var);
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_123[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "','"));
+            _res = _literal;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_228[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'->' expression"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_123[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "','"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
   done:
@@ -39565,9 +33121,9 @@ _tmp_228_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _tmp_229: '(' arguments? ')'
+// _tmp_124: '*' | '**' | '/'
 static void *
-_tmp_229_rule(Parser *p)
+_tmp_124_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -39578,31 +33134,62 @@ _tmp_229_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     void * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // '(' arguments? ')'
+    { // '*'
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_229[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'(' arguments? ')'"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_124[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'*'"));
         Token * _literal;
-        Token * _literal_1;
-        void *_opt_var;
-        UNUSED(_opt_var); // Silence compiler warnings
         if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 7))  // token='('
-            &&
-            (_opt_var = arguments_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // arguments?
-            &&
-            (_literal_1 = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 8))  // token=')'
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 16))  // token='*'
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_229[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'(' arguments? ')'"));
-            _res = _PyPegen_dummy_name(p, _literal, _opt_var, _literal_1);
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_124[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'*'"));
+            _res = _literal;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_229[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'(' arguments? ')'"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_124[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'*'"));
+    }
+    { // '**'
+        if (p->error_indicator) {
+            p->level--;
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_124[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'**'"));
+        Token * _literal;
+        if (
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 35))  // token='**'
+        )
+        {
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_124[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'**'"));
+            _res = _literal;
+            goto done;
+        }
+        p->mark = _mark;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_124[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'**'"));
+    }
+    { // '/'
+        if (p->error_indicator) {
+            p->level--;
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_124[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'/'"));
+        Token * _literal;
+        if (
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 17))  // token='/'
+        )
+        {
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_124[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'/'"));
+            _res = _literal;
+            goto done;
+        }
+        p->mark = _mark;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_124[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'/'"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
   done:
@@ -39610,9 +33197,9 @@ _tmp_229_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _tmp_230: '(' arguments? ')'
+// _tmp_125: lambda_slash_no_default | lambda_slash_with_default
 static void *
-_tmp_230_rule(Parser *p)
+_tmp_125_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -39621,33 +33208,45 @@ _tmp_230_rule(Parser *p)
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    void * _res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // '(' arguments? ')'
+    void * _res = NULL;
+    int _mark = p->mark;
+    { // lambda_slash_no_default
+        if (p->error_indicator) {
+            p->level--;
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_125[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "lambda_slash_no_default"));
+        asdl_arg_seq* lambda_slash_no_default_var;
+        if (
+            (lambda_slash_no_default_var = lambda_slash_no_default_rule(p))  // lambda_slash_no_default
+        )
+        {
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_125[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "lambda_slash_no_default"));
+            _res = lambda_slash_no_default_var;
+            goto done;
+        }
+        p->mark = _mark;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_125[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "lambda_slash_no_default"));
+    }
+    { // lambda_slash_with_default
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_230[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'(' arguments? ')'"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        Token * _literal_1;
-        void *_opt_var;
-        UNUSED(_opt_var); // Silence compiler warnings
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_125[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "lambda_slash_with_default"));
+        SlashWithDefault* lambda_slash_with_default_var;
         if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 7))  // token='('
-            &&
-            (_opt_var = arguments_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // arguments?
-            &&
-            (_literal_1 = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 8))  // token=')'
+            (lambda_slash_with_default_var = lambda_slash_with_default_rule(p))  // lambda_slash_with_default
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_230[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'(' arguments? ')'"));
-            _res = _PyPegen_dummy_name(p, _literal, _opt_var, _literal_1);
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_125[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "lambda_slash_with_default"));
+            _res = lambda_slash_with_default_var;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_230[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'(' arguments? ')'"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_125[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "lambda_slash_with_default"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
   done:
@@ -39655,9 +33254,9 @@ _tmp_230_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _loop0_232: ',' double_starred_kvpair
+// _loop0_126: ',' lambda_param
 static asdl_seq *
-_loop0_232_rule(Parser *p)
+_loop0_126_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -39677,18 +33276,18 @@ _loop0_232_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
     Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // ',' double_starred_kvpair
+    { // ',' lambda_param
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_232[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' double_starred_kvpair"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_126[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' lambda_param"));
         Token * _literal;
-        KeyValuePair* elem;
+        arg_ty elem;
         while (
             (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
             &&
-            (elem = double_starred_kvpair_rule(p))  // double_starred_kvpair
+            (elem = lambda_param_rule(p))  // lambda_param
         )
         {
             _res = elem;
@@ -39714,8 +33313,8 @@ _loop0_232_rule(Parser *p)
             _mark = p->mark;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_232[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "',' double_starred_kvpair"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_126[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "',' lambda_param"));
     }
     asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
     if (!_seq) {
@@ -39725,15 +33324,15 @@ _loop0_232_rule(Parser *p)
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
     PyMem_Free(_children);
     p->level--;
     return _seq;
 }
 
-// _gather_231: double_starred_kvpair _loop0_232
+// _gather_127: lambda_param _loop0_126
 static asdl_seq *
-_gather_231_rule(Parser *p)
+_gather_127_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -39744,27 +33343,27 @@ _gather_231_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     asdl_seq * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // double_starred_kvpair _loop0_232
+    { // lambda_param _loop0_126
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _gather_231[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "double_starred_kvpair _loop0_232"));
-        KeyValuePair* elem;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _gather_127[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param _loop0_126"));
+        arg_ty elem;
         asdl_seq * seq;
         if (
-            (elem = double_starred_kvpair_rule(p))  // double_starred_kvpair
+            (elem = lambda_param_rule(p))  // lambda_param
             &&
-            (seq = _loop0_232_rule(p))  // _loop0_232
+            (seq = _loop0_126_rule(p))  // _loop0_126
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _gather_231[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "double_starred_kvpair _loop0_232"));
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _gather_127[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param _loop0_126"));
             _res = _PyPegen_seq_insert_in_front(p, elem, seq);
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _gather_231[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "double_starred_kvpair _loop0_232"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _gather_127[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param _loop0_126"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
   done:
@@ -39772,9 +33371,9 @@ _gather_231_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _tmp_233: '}' | ','
+// _tmp_128: ',' | lambda_param_no_default
 static void *
-_tmp_233_rule(Parser *p)
+_tmp_128_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -39785,43 +33384,43 @@ _tmp_233_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     void * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // '}'
+    { // ','
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_233[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'}'"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_128[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "','"));
         Token * _literal;
         if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 26))  // token='}'
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_233[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'}'"));
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_128[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "','"));
             _res = _literal;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_233[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'}'"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_128[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "','"));
     }
-    { // ','
+    { // lambda_param_no_default
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_233[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "','"));
-        Token * _literal;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_128[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param_no_default"));
+        arg_ty lambda_param_no_default_var;
         if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
+            (lambda_param_no_default_var = lambda_param_no_default_rule(p))  // lambda_param_no_default
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_233[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "','"));
-            _res = _literal;
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_128[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param_no_default"));
+            _res = lambda_param_no_default_var;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_233[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "','"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_128[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param_no_default"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
   done:
@@ -39829,9 +33428,9 @@ _tmp_233_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _tmp_234: '}' | ','
+// _tmp_129: ':' | ',' (':' | '**')
 static void *
-_tmp_234_rule(Parser *p)
+_tmp_129_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -39842,43 +33441,46 @@ _tmp_234_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     void * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // '}'
+    { // ':'
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_234[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'}'"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_129[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "':'"));
         Token * _literal;
         if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 26))  // token='}'
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 11))  // token=':'
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_234[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'}'"));
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_129[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "':'"));
             _res = _literal;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_234[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'}'"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_129[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "':'"));
     }
-    { // ','
+    { // ',' (':' | '**')
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_234[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "','"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_129[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' (':' | '**')"));
         Token * _literal;
+        void *_tmp_164_var;
         if (
             (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
+            &&
+            (_tmp_164_var = _tmp_164_rule(p))  // ':' | '**'
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_234[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "','"));
-            _res = _literal;
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_129[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' (':' | '**')"));
+            _res = _PyPegen_dummy_name(p, _literal, _tmp_164_var);
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_234[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "','"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_129[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "',' (':' | '**')"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
   done:
@@ -39886,9 +33488,9 @@ _tmp_234_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _tmp_235: '=' | '!' | ':' | '}'
+// _tmp_130: lambda_param_no_default | ','
 static void *
-_tmp_235_rule(Parser *p)
+_tmp_130_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -39899,81 +33501,43 @@ _tmp_235_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     void * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // '='
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_235[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'='"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 22))  // token='='
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_235[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'='"));
-            _res = _literal;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_235[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'='"));
-    }
-    { // '!'
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_235[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'!'"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 54))  // token='!'
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_235[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'!'"));
-            _res = _literal;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_235[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'!'"));
-    }
-    { // ':'
+    { // lambda_param_no_default
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_235[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "':'"));
-        Token * _literal;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_130[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param_no_default"));
+        arg_ty lambda_param_no_default_var;
         if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 11))  // token=':'
+            (lambda_param_no_default_var = lambda_param_no_default_rule(p))  // lambda_param_no_default
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_235[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "':'"));
-            _res = _literal;
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_130[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param_no_default"));
+            _res = lambda_param_no_default_var;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_235[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "':'"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_130[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "lambda_param_no_default"));
     }
-    { // '}'
+    { // ','
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_235[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'}'"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_130[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "','"));
         Token * _literal;
         if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 26))  // token='}'
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_235[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'}'"));
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_130[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "','"));
             _res = _literal;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_235[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'}'"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_130[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "','"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
   done:
@@ -39981,9 +33545,9 @@ _tmp_235_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _tmp_236: '!' | ':' | '}'
+// _tmp_131: bitwise_or ((',' bitwise_or))* ','?
 static void *
-_tmp_236_rule(Parser *p)
+_tmp_131_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -39994,72 +33558,117 @@ _tmp_236_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     void * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // '!'
+    { // bitwise_or ((',' bitwise_or))* ','?
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_236[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'!'"));
-        Token * _literal;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_131[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "bitwise_or ((',' bitwise_or))* ','?"));
+        asdl_seq * _loop0_165_var;
+        void *_opt_var;
+        UNUSED(_opt_var); // Silence compiler warnings
+        expr_ty bitwise_or_var;
         if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 54))  // token='!'
+            (bitwise_or_var = bitwise_or_rule(p))  // bitwise_or
+            &&
+            (_loop0_165_var = _loop0_165_rule(p))  // ((',' bitwise_or))*
+            &&
+            (_opt_var = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12), !p->error_indicator)  // ','?
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_236[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'!'"));
-            _res = _literal;
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_131[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "bitwise_or ((',' bitwise_or))* ','?"));
+            _res = _PyPegen_dummy_name(p, bitwise_or_var, _loop0_165_var, _opt_var);
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_236[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'!'"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_131[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "bitwise_or ((',' bitwise_or))* ','?"));
     }
-    { // ':'
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_236[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "':'"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 11))  // token=':'
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_236[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "':'"));
-            _res = _literal;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_236[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "':'"));
+    _res = NULL;
+  done:
+    p->level--;
+    return _res;
+}
+
+// _loop0_132: ',' dotted_name
+static asdl_seq *
+_loop0_132_rule(Parser *p)
+{
+    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
+        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
     }
-    { // '}'
+    if (p->error_indicator) {
+        p->level--;
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    void *_res = NULL;
+    int _mark = p->mark;
+    void **_children = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(void *));
+    if (!_children) {
+        p->error_indicator = 1;
+        PyErr_NoMemory();
+        p->level--;
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
+    Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
+    { // ',' dotted_name
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_236[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'}'"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_132[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' dotted_name"));
         Token * _literal;
-        if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 26))  // token='}'
+        expr_ty elem;
+        while (
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
+            &&
+            (elem = dotted_name_rule(p))  // dotted_name
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_236[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'}'"));
-            _res = _literal;
-            goto done;
+            _res = elem;
+            if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+                p->error_indicator = 1;
+                PyMem_Free(_children);
+                p->level--;
+                return NULL;
+            }
+            if (_n == _children_capacity) {
+                _children_capacity *= 2;
+                void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
+                if (!_new_children) {
+                    PyMem_Free(_children);
+                    p->error_indicator = 1;
+                    PyErr_NoMemory();
+                    p->level--;
+                    return NULL;
+                }
+                _children = _new_children;
+            }
+            _children[_n++] = _res;
+            _mark = p->mark;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_236[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'}'"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_132[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "',' dotted_name"));
     }
-    _res = NULL;
-  done:
+    asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
+    if (!_seq) {
+        PyMem_Free(_children);
+        p->error_indicator = 1;
+        PyErr_NoMemory();
+        p->level--;
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
+    PyMem_Free(_children);
     p->level--;
-    return _res;
+    return _seq;
 }
 
-// _tmp_237: '!' NAME
-static void *
-_tmp_237_rule(Parser *p)
+// _gather_133: dotted_name _loop0_132
+static asdl_seq *
+_gather_133_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -40068,29 +33677,29 @@ _tmp_237_rule(Parser *p)
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    void * _res = NULL;
+    asdl_seq * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // '!' NAME
+    { // dotted_name _loop0_132
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_237[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'!' NAME"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        expr_ty name_var;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _gather_133[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "dotted_name _loop0_132"));
+        expr_ty elem;
+        asdl_seq * seq;
         if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 54))  // token='!'
+            (elem = dotted_name_rule(p))  // dotted_name
             &&
-            (name_var = _PyPegen_name_token(p))  // NAME
+            (seq = _loop0_132_rule(p))  // _loop0_132
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_237[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'!' NAME"));
-            _res = _PyPegen_dummy_name(p, _literal, name_var);
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _gather_133[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "dotted_name _loop0_132"));
+            _res = _PyPegen_seq_insert_in_front(p, elem, seq);
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_237[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'!' NAME"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _gather_133[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "dotted_name _loop0_132"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
   done:
@@ -40098,9 +33707,9 @@ _tmp_237_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _tmp_238: ':' | '}'
-static void *
-_tmp_238_rule(Parser *p)
+// _loop0_134: ',' (expression ['as' star_target])
+static asdl_seq *
+_loop0_134_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -40109,55 +33718,74 @@ _tmp_238_rule(Parser *p)
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    void * _res = NULL;
+    void *_res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // ':'
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_238[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "':'"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 11))  // token=':'
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_238[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "':'"));
-            _res = _literal;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_238[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "':'"));
+    void **_children = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(void *));
+    if (!_children) {
+        p->error_indicator = 1;
+        PyErr_NoMemory();
+        p->level--;
+        return NULL;
     }
-    { // '}'
+    Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
+    Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
+    { // ',' (expression ['as' star_target])
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_238[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'}'"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_134[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' (expression ['as' star_target])"));
         Token * _literal;
-        if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 26))  // token='}'
+        void *elem;
+        while (
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
+            &&
+            (elem = _tmp_166_rule(p))  // expression ['as' star_target]
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_238[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'}'"));
-            _res = _literal;
-            goto done;
+            _res = elem;
+            if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+                p->error_indicator = 1;
+                PyMem_Free(_children);
+                p->level--;
+                return NULL;
+            }
+            if (_n == _children_capacity) {
+                _children_capacity *= 2;
+                void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
+                if (!_new_children) {
+                    PyMem_Free(_children);
+                    p->error_indicator = 1;
+                    PyErr_NoMemory();
+                    p->level--;
+                    return NULL;
+                }
+                _children = _new_children;
+            }
+            _children[_n++] = _res;
+            _mark = p->mark;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_238[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'}'"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_134[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "',' (expression ['as' star_target])"));
     }
-    _res = NULL;
-  done:
+    asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
+    if (!_seq) {
+        PyMem_Free(_children);
+        p->error_indicator = 1;
+        PyErr_NoMemory();
+        p->level--;
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
+    PyMem_Free(_children);
     p->level--;
-    return _res;
+    return _seq;
 }
 
-// _tmp_239: '!' NAME
-static void *
-_tmp_239_rule(Parser *p)
+// _gather_135: (expression ['as' star_target]) _loop0_134
+static asdl_seq *
+_gather_135_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -40166,29 +33794,29 @@ _tmp_239_rule(Parser *p)
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    void * _res = NULL;
+    asdl_seq * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // '!' NAME
+    { // (expression ['as' star_target]) _loop0_134
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_239[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'!' NAME"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        expr_ty name_var;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _gather_135[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "(expression ['as' star_target]) _loop0_134"));
+        void *elem;
+        asdl_seq * seq;
         if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 54))  // token='!'
+            (elem = _tmp_166_rule(p))  // expression ['as' star_target]
             &&
-            (name_var = _PyPegen_name_token(p))  // NAME
+            (seq = _loop0_134_rule(p))  // _loop0_134
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_239[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'!' NAME"));
-            _res = _PyPegen_dummy_name(p, _literal, name_var);
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _gather_135[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "(expression ['as' star_target]) _loop0_134"));
+            _res = _PyPegen_seq_insert_in_front(p, elem, seq);
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_239[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'!' NAME"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _gather_135[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "(expression ['as' star_target]) _loop0_134"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
   done:
@@ -40196,9 +33824,9 @@ _tmp_239_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _loop0_240: fstring_format_spec
+// _loop0_136: ',' (expressions ['as' star_target])
 static asdl_seq *
-_loop0_240_rule(Parser *p)
+_loop0_136_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -40218,18 +33846,27 @@ _loop0_240_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
     Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // fstring_format_spec
+    { // ',' (expressions ['as' star_target])
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_240[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "fstring_format_spec"));
-        expr_ty fstring_format_spec_var;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_136[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' (expressions ['as' star_target])"));
+        Token * _literal;
+        void *elem;
         while (
-            (fstring_format_spec_var = fstring_format_spec_rule(p))  // fstring_format_spec
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
+            &&
+            (elem = _tmp_167_rule(p))  // expressions ['as' star_target]
         )
         {
-            _res = fstring_format_spec_var;
+            _res = elem;
+            if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+                p->error_indicator = 1;
+                PyMem_Free(_children);
+                p->level--;
+                return NULL;
+            }
             if (_n == _children_capacity) {
                 _children_capacity *= 2;
                 void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
@@ -40246,8 +33883,8 @@ _loop0_240_rule(Parser *p)
             _mark = p->mark;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_240[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "fstring_format_spec"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_136[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "',' (expressions ['as' star_target])"));
     }
     asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
     if (!_seq) {
@@ -40257,15 +33894,15 @@ _loop0_240_rule(Parser *p)
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
     PyMem_Free(_children);
     p->level--;
     return _seq;
 }
 
-// _tmp_241: '!' NAME
-static void *
-_tmp_241_rule(Parser *p)
+// _gather_137: (expressions ['as' star_target]) _loop0_136
+static asdl_seq *
+_gather_137_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -40274,29 +33911,29 @@ _tmp_241_rule(Parser *p)
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    void * _res = NULL;
+    asdl_seq * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // '!' NAME
+    { // (expressions ['as' star_target]) _loop0_136
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_241[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'!' NAME"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        expr_ty name_var;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _gather_137[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "(expressions ['as' star_target]) _loop0_136"));
+        void *elem;
+        asdl_seq * seq;
         if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 54))  // token='!'
+            (elem = _tmp_167_rule(p))  // expressions ['as' star_target]
             &&
-            (name_var = _PyPegen_name_token(p))  // NAME
+            (seq = _loop0_136_rule(p))  // _loop0_136
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_241[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'!' NAME"));
-            _res = _PyPegen_dummy_name(p, _literal, name_var);
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _gather_137[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "(expressions ['as' star_target]) _loop0_136"));
+            _res = _PyPegen_seq_insert_in_front(p, elem, seq);
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_241[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'!' NAME"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _gather_137[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "(expressions ['as' star_target]) _loop0_136"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
   done:
@@ -40304,9 +33941,9 @@ _tmp_241_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _tmp_242: ':' | '}'
+// _tmp_138: 'except' | 'finally'
 static void *
-_tmp_242_rule(Parser *p)
+_tmp_138_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -40317,43 +33954,43 @@ _tmp_242_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     void * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // ':'
+    { // 'except'
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_242[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "':'"));
-        Token * _literal;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_138[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'except'"));
+        Token * _keyword;
         if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 11))  // token=':'
+            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 663))  // token='except'
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_242[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "':'"));
-            _res = _literal;
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_138[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'except'"));
+            _res = _keyword;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_242[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "':'"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_138[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'except'"));
     }
-    { // '}'
+    { // 'finally'
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_242[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'}'"));
-        Token * _literal;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_138[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'finally'"));
+        Token * _keyword;
         if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 26))  // token='}'
+            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 659))  // token='finally'
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_242[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'}'"));
-            _res = _literal;
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_138[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'finally'"));
+            _res = _keyword;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_242[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'}'"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_138[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'finally'"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
   done:
@@ -40361,9 +33998,9 @@ _tmp_242_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _tmp_243: '+' | '-' | '*' | '/' | '%' | '//' | '@'
-static void *
-_tmp_243_rule(Parser *p)
+// _loop0_139: block
+static asdl_seq *
+_loop0_139_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -40372,140 +34009,97 @@ _tmp_243_rule(Parser *p)
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    void * _res = NULL;
+    void *_res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // '+'
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_243[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'+'"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 14))  // token='+'
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_243[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'+'"));
-            _res = _literal;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_243[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'+'"));
-    }
-    { // '-'
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_243[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'-'"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 15))  // token='-'
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_243[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'-'"));
-            _res = _literal;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_243[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'-'"));
+    void **_children = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(void *));
+    if (!_children) {
+        p->error_indicator = 1;
+        PyErr_NoMemory();
+        p->level--;
+        return NULL;
     }
-    { // '*'
+    Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
+    Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
+    { // block
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_243[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'*'"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 16))  // token='*'
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_139[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "block"));
+        asdl_stmt_seq* block_var;
+        while (
+            (block_var = block_rule(p))  // block
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_243[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'*'"));
-            _res = _literal;
-            goto done;
+            _res = block_var;
+            if (_n == _children_capacity) {
+                _children_capacity *= 2;
+                void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
+                if (!_new_children) {
+                    PyMem_Free(_children);
+                    p->error_indicator = 1;
+                    PyErr_NoMemory();
+                    p->level--;
+                    return NULL;
+                }
+                _children = _new_children;
+            }
+            _children[_n++] = _res;
+            _mark = p->mark;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_243[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'*'"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_139[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "block"));
     }
-    { // '/'
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_243[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'/'"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 17))  // token='/'
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_243[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'/'"));
-            _res = _literal;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_243[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'/'"));
+    asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
+    if (!_seq) {
+        PyMem_Free(_children);
+        p->error_indicator = 1;
+        PyErr_NoMemory();
+        p->level--;
+        return NULL;
     }
-    { // '%'
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_243[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'%'"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 24))  // token='%'
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_243[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'%'"));
-            _res = _literal;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_243[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'%'"));
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
+    PyMem_Free(_children);
+    p->level--;
+    return _seq;
+}
+
+// _tmp_140: expression ['as' NAME]
+static void *
+_tmp_140_rule(Parser *p)
+{
+    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
+        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
     }
-    { // '//'
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_243[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'//'"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 47))  // token='//'
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_243[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'//'"));
-            _res = _literal;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_243[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'//'"));
+    if (p->error_indicator) {
+        p->level--;
+        return NULL;
     }
-    { // '@'
+    void * _res = NULL;
+    int _mark = p->mark;
+    { // expression ['as' NAME]
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_243[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'@'"));
-        Token * _literal;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_140[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "expression ['as' NAME]"));
+        void *_opt_var;
+        UNUSED(_opt_var); // Silence compiler warnings
+        expr_ty expression_var;
         if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 49))  // token='@'
+            (expression_var = expression_rule(p))  // expression
+            &&
+            (_opt_var = _tmp_22_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // ['as' NAME]
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_243[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'@'"));
-            _res = _literal;
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_140[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "expression ['as' NAME]"));
+            _res = _PyPegen_dummy_name(p, expression_var, _opt_var);
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_243[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'@'"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_140[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "expression ['as' NAME]"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
   done:
@@ -40513,9 +34107,9 @@ _tmp_243_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _tmp_244: '+' | '-' | '~'
+// _tmp_141: NEWLINE | ':'
 static void *
-_tmp_244_rule(Parser *p)
+_tmp_141_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -40526,62 +34120,43 @@ _tmp_244_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     void * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // '+'
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_244[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'+'"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 14))  // token='+'
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_244[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'+'"));
-            _res = _literal;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_244[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'+'"));
-    }
-    { // '-'
+    { // NEWLINE
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_244[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'-'"));
-        Token * _literal;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_141[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "NEWLINE"));
+        Token * newline_var;
         if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 15))  // token='-'
+            (newline_var = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, NEWLINE))  // token='NEWLINE'
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_244[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'-'"));
-            _res = _literal;
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_141[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "NEWLINE"));
+            _res = newline_var;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_244[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'-'"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_141[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "NEWLINE"));
     }
-    { // '~'
+    { // ':'
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_244[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'~'"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_141[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "':'"));
         Token * _literal;
         if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 31))  // token='~'
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 11))  // token=':'
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_244[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'~'"));
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_141[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "':'"));
             _res = _literal;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_244[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'~'"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_141[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "':'"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
   done:
@@ -40589,9 +34164,9 @@ _tmp_244_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _tmp_245: star_targets '='
+// _tmp_142: positional_patterns ','
 static void *
-_tmp_245_rule(Parser *p)
+_tmp_142_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -40602,32 +34177,27 @@ _tmp_245_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     void * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // star_targets '='
+    { // positional_patterns ','
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_245[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "star_targets '='"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_142[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "positional_patterns ','"));
         Token * _literal;
-        expr_ty z;
+        asdl_pattern_seq* positional_patterns_var;
         if (
-            (z = star_targets_rule(p))  // star_targets
+            (positional_patterns_var = positional_patterns_rule(p))  // positional_patterns
             &&
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 22))  // token='='
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_245[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "star_targets '='"));
-            _res = z;
-            if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
-                p->error_indicator = 1;
-                p->level--;
-                return NULL;
-            }
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_142[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "positional_patterns ','"));
+            _res = _PyPegen_dummy_name(p, positional_patterns_var, _literal);
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_245[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "star_targets '='"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_142[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "positional_patterns ','"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
   done:
@@ -40635,9 +34205,9 @@ _tmp_245_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _tmp_246: '.' | '...'
+// _tmp_143: '}' | ','
 static void *
-_tmp_246_rule(Parser *p)
+_tmp_143_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -40648,43 +34218,43 @@ _tmp_246_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     void * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // '.'
+    { // '}'
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_246[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'.'"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_143[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'}'"));
         Token * _literal;
         if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 23))  // token='.'
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 26))  // token='}'
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_246[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'.'"));
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_143[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'}'"));
             _res = _literal;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_246[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'.'"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_143[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'}'"));
     }
-    { // '...'
+    { // ','
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_246[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'...'"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_143[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "','"));
         Token * _literal;
         if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 52))  // token='...'
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_246[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'...'"));
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_143[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "','"));
             _res = _literal;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_246[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'...'"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_143[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "','"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
   done:
@@ -40692,9 +34262,9 @@ _tmp_246_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _tmp_247: '.' | '...'
+// _tmp_144: '=' | '!' | ':' | '}'
 static void *
-_tmp_247_rule(Parser *p)
+_tmp_144_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -40705,138 +34275,81 @@ _tmp_247_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     void * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // '.'
+    { // '='
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_247[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'.'"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_144[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'='"));
         Token * _literal;
         if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 23))  // token='.'
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 22))  // token='='
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_247[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'.'"));
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_144[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'='"));
             _res = _literal;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_247[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'.'"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_144[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'='"));
     }
-    { // '...'
+    { // '!'
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_247[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'...'"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_144[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'!'"));
         Token * _literal;
         if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 52))  // token='...'
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 54))  // token='!'
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_247[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'...'"));
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_144[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'!'"));
             _res = _literal;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_247[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'...'"));
-    }
-    _res = NULL;
-  done:
-    p->level--;
-    return _res;
-}
-
-// _tmp_248: '@' named_expression NEWLINE
-static void *
-_tmp_248_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_144[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'!'"));
     }
-    void * _res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // '@' named_expression NEWLINE
+    { // ':'
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_248[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'@' named_expression NEWLINE"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_144[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "':'"));
         Token * _literal;
-        expr_ty f;
-        Token * newline_var;
         if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 49))  // token='@'
-            &&
-            (f = named_expression_rule(p))  // named_expression
-            &&
-            (newline_var = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, NEWLINE))  // token='NEWLINE'
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 11))  // token=':'
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_248[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'@' named_expression NEWLINE"));
-            _res = f;
-            if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
-                p->error_indicator = 1;
-                p->level--;
-                return NULL;
-            }
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_144[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "':'"));
+            _res = _literal;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_248[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'@' named_expression NEWLINE"));
-    }
-    _res = NULL;
-  done:
-    p->level--;
-    return _res;
-}
-
-// _tmp_249: ',' expression
-static void *
-_tmp_249_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_144[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "':'"));
     }
-    void * _res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // ',' expression
+    { // '}'
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_249[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' expression"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_144[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'}'"));
         Token * _literal;
-        expr_ty c;
         if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
-            &&
-            (c = expression_rule(p))  // expression
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 26))  // token='}'
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_249[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' expression"));
-            _res = c;
-            if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
-                p->error_indicator = 1;
-                p->level--;
-                return NULL;
-            }
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_144[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'}'"));
+            _res = _literal;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_249[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "',' expression"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_144[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'}'"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
   done:
@@ -40844,9 +34357,9 @@ _tmp_249_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _tmp_250: ',' star_expression
+// _tmp_145: '!' | ':' | '}'
 static void *
-_tmp_250_rule(Parser *p)
+_tmp_145_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -40857,78 +34370,62 @@ _tmp_250_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     void * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // ',' star_expression
+    { // '!'
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_250[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' star_expression"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_145[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'!'"));
         Token * _literal;
-        expr_ty c;
         if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
-            &&
-            (c = star_expression_rule(p))  // star_expression
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 54))  // token='!'
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_250[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' star_expression"));
-            _res = c;
-            if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
-                p->error_indicator = 1;
-                p->level--;
-                return NULL;
-            }
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_145[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'!'"));
+            _res = _literal;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_250[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "',' star_expression"));
-    }
-    _res = NULL;
-  done:
-    p->level--;
-    return _res;
-}
-
-// _tmp_251: 'or' conjunction
-static void *
-_tmp_251_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_145[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'!'"));
     }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
+    { // ':'
+        if (p->error_indicator) {
+            p->level--;
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_145[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "':'"));
+        Token * _literal;
+        if (
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 11))  // token=':'
+        )
+        {
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_145[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "':'"));
+            _res = _literal;
+            goto done;
+        }
+        p->mark = _mark;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_145[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "':'"));
     }
-    void * _res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // 'or' conjunction
+    { // '}'
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_251[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'or' conjunction"));
-        Token * _keyword;
-        expr_ty c;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_145[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'}'"));
+        Token * _literal;
         if (
-            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 581))  // token='or'
-            &&
-            (c = conjunction_rule(p))  // conjunction
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 26))  // token='}'
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_251[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'or' conjunction"));
-            _res = c;
-            if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
-                p->error_indicator = 1;
-                p->level--;
-                return NULL;
-            }
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_145[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'}'"));
+            _res = _literal;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_251[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'or' conjunction"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_145[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'}'"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
   done:
@@ -40936,9 +34433,9 @@ _tmp_251_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _tmp_252: 'and' inversion
+// _tmp_146: '!' NAME
 static void *
-_tmp_252_rule(Parser *p)
+_tmp_146_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -40949,32 +34446,27 @@ _tmp_252_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     void * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // 'and' inversion
+    { // '!' NAME
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_252[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'and' inversion"));
-        Token * _keyword;
-        expr_ty c;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_146[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'!' NAME"));
+        Token * _literal;
+        expr_ty name_var;
         if (
-            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 582))  // token='and'
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 54))  // token='!'
             &&
-            (c = inversion_rule(p))  // inversion
+            (name_var = _PyPegen_name_token(p))  // NAME
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_252[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'and' inversion"));
-            _res = c;
-            if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
-                p->error_indicator = 1;
-                p->level--;
-                return NULL;
-            }
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_146[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'!' NAME"));
+            _res = _PyPegen_dummy_name(p, _literal, name_var);
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_252[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'and' inversion"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_146[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'!' NAME"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
   done:
@@ -40982,9 +34474,9 @@ _tmp_252_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _tmp_253: slice | starred_expression
+// _tmp_147: ':' | '}'
 static void *
-_tmp_253_rule(Parser *p)
+_tmp_147_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -40995,43 +34487,43 @@ _tmp_253_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     void * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // slice
+    { // ':'
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_253[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "slice"));
-        expr_ty slice_var;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_147[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "':'"));
+        Token * _literal;
         if (
-            (slice_var = slice_rule(p))  // slice
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 11))  // token=':'
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_253[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "slice"));
-            _res = slice_var;
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_147[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "':'"));
+            _res = _literal;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_253[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "slice"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_147[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "':'"));
     }
-    { // starred_expression
+    { // '}'
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_253[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "starred_expression"));
-        expr_ty starred_expression_var;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_147[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'}'"));
+        Token * _literal;
         if (
-            (starred_expression_var = starred_expression_rule(p))  // starred_expression
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 26))  // token='}'
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_253[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "starred_expression"));
-            _res = starred_expression_var;
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_147[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'}'"));
+            _res = _literal;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_253[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "starred_expression"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_147[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'}'"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
   done:
@@ -41039,9 +34531,9 @@ _tmp_253_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _tmp_254: fstring | string
+// _tmp_148: '+' | '-' | '*' | '/' | '%' | '//' | '@'
 static void *
-_tmp_254_rule(Parser *p)
+_tmp_148_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -41052,135 +34544,138 @@ _tmp_254_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     void * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // fstring
+    { // '+'
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_254[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "fstring"));
-        expr_ty fstring_var;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_148[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'+'"));
+        Token * _literal;
         if (
-            (fstring_var = fstring_rule(p))  // fstring
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 14))  // token='+'
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_254[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "fstring"));
-            _res = fstring_var;
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_148[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'+'"));
+            _res = _literal;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_254[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "fstring"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_148[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'+'"));
     }
-    { // string
+    { // '-'
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_254[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "string"));
-        expr_ty string_var;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_148[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'-'"));
+        Token * _literal;
         if (
-            (string_var = string_rule(p))  // string
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 15))  // token='-'
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_254[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "string"));
-            _res = string_var;
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_148[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'-'"));
+            _res = _literal;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_254[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "string"));
-    }
-    _res = NULL;
-  done:
-    p->level--;
-    return _res;
-}
-
-// _tmp_255: 'if' disjunction
-static void *
-_tmp_255_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_148[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'-'"));
     }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
+    { // '*'
+        if (p->error_indicator) {
+            p->level--;
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_148[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'*'"));
+        Token * _literal;
+        if (
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 16))  // token='*'
+        )
+        {
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_148[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'*'"));
+            _res = _literal;
+            goto done;
+        }
+        p->mark = _mark;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_148[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'*'"));
     }
-    void * _res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // 'if' disjunction
+    { // '/'
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_255[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'if' disjunction"));
-        Token * _keyword;
-        expr_ty z;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_148[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'/'"));
+        Token * _literal;
         if (
-            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 660))  // token='if'
-            &&
-            (z = disjunction_rule(p))  // disjunction
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 17))  // token='/'
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_255[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'if' disjunction"));
-            _res = z;
-            if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
-                p->error_indicator = 1;
-                p->level--;
-                return NULL;
-            }
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_148[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'/'"));
+            _res = _literal;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_255[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'if' disjunction"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_148[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'/'"));
     }
-    _res = NULL;
-  done:
-    p->level--;
-    return _res;
-}
-
-// _tmp_256: 'if' disjunction
-static void *
-_tmp_256_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
+    { // '%'
+        if (p->error_indicator) {
+            p->level--;
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_148[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'%'"));
+        Token * _literal;
+        if (
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 24))  // token='%'
+        )
+        {
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_148[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'%'"));
+            _res = _literal;
+            goto done;
+        }
+        p->mark = _mark;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_148[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'%'"));
     }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
+    { // '//'
+        if (p->error_indicator) {
+            p->level--;
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_148[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'//'"));
+        Token * _literal;
+        if (
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 47))  // token='//'
+        )
+        {
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_148[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'//'"));
+            _res = _literal;
+            goto done;
+        }
+        p->mark = _mark;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_148[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'//'"));
     }
-    void * _res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // 'if' disjunction
+    { // '@'
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_256[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'if' disjunction"));
-        Token * _keyword;
-        expr_ty z;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_148[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'@'"));
+        Token * _literal;
         if (
-            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 660))  // token='if'
-            &&
-            (z = disjunction_rule(p))  // disjunction
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 49))  // token='@'
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_256[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'if' disjunction"));
-            _res = z;
-            if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
-                p->error_indicator = 1;
-                p->level--;
-                return NULL;
-            }
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_148[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'@'"));
+            _res = _literal;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_256[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'if' disjunction"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_148[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'@'"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
   done:
@@ -41188,9 +34683,9 @@ _tmp_256_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _tmp_257: starred_expression | (assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'='
+// _tmp_149: '+' | '-' | '~'
 static void *
-_tmp_257_rule(Parser *p)
+_tmp_149_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -41201,45 +34696,62 @@ _tmp_257_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     void * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // starred_expression
+    { // '+'
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_257[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "starred_expression"));
-        expr_ty starred_expression_var;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_149[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'+'"));
+        Token * _literal;
         if (
-            (starred_expression_var = starred_expression_rule(p))  // starred_expression
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 14))  // token='+'
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_257[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "starred_expression"));
-            _res = starred_expression_var;
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_149[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'+'"));
+            _res = _literal;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_257[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "starred_expression"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_149[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'+'"));
     }
-    { // (assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'='
+    { // '-'
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_257[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "(assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'='"));
-        void *_tmp_272_var;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_149[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'-'"));
+        Token * _literal;
         if (
-            (_tmp_272_var = _tmp_272_rule(p))  // assignment_expression | expression !':='
-            &&
-            _PyPegen_lookahead_with_int(0, _PyPegen_expect_token, p, 22)  // token='='
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 15))  // token='-'
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_257[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "(assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'='"));
-            _res = _tmp_272_var;
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_149[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'-'"));
+            _res = _literal;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_257[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "(assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'='"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_149[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'-'"));
+    }
+    { // '~'
+        if (p->error_indicator) {
+            p->level--;
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_149[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'~'"));
+        Token * _literal;
+        if (
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 31))  // token='~'
+        )
+        {
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_149[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'~'"));
+            _res = _literal;
+            goto done;
+        }
+        p->mark = _mark;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_149[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'~'"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
   done:
@@ -41247,9 +34759,9 @@ _tmp_257_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _tmp_258: ',' star_target
+// _tmp_150: star_targets '='
 static void *
-_tmp_258_rule(Parser *p)
+_tmp_150_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -41260,22 +34772,22 @@ _tmp_258_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     void * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // ',' star_target
+    { // star_targets '='
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_258[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' star_target"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_150[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "star_targets '='"));
         Token * _literal;
-        expr_ty c;
+        expr_ty z;
         if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
+            (z = star_targets_rule(p))  // star_targets
             &&
-            (c = star_target_rule(p))  // star_target
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 22))  // token='='
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_258[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' star_target"));
-            _res = c;
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_150[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "star_targets '='"));
+            _res = z;
             if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
                 p->error_indicator = 1;
                 p->level--;
@@ -41284,8 +34796,8 @@ _tmp_258_rule(Parser *p)
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_258[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "',' star_target"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_150[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "star_targets '='"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
   done:
@@ -41293,9 +34805,9 @@ _tmp_258_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _tmp_259: ',' star_target
+// _tmp_151: '.' | '...'
 static void *
-_tmp_259_rule(Parser *p)
+_tmp_151_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -41306,32 +34818,43 @@ _tmp_259_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     void * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // ',' star_target
+    { // '.'
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_259[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' star_target"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_151[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'.'"));
         Token * _literal;
-        expr_ty c;
         if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
-            &&
-            (c = star_target_rule(p))  // star_target
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 23))  // token='.'
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_259[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' star_target"));
-            _res = c;
-            if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
-                p->error_indicator = 1;
-                p->level--;
-                return NULL;
-            }
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_151[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'.'"));
+            _res = _literal;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_259[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "',' star_target"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_151[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'.'"));
+    }
+    { // '...'
+        if (p->error_indicator) {
+            p->level--;
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_151[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'...'"));
+        Token * _literal;
+        if (
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 52))  // token='...'
+        )
+        {
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_151[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'...'"));
+            _res = _literal;
+            goto done;
+        }
+        p->mark = _mark;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_151[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'...'"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
   done:
@@ -41339,10 +34862,9 @@ _tmp_259_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _tmp_260:
-//     | ','.(starred_expression | (assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'=')+ ',' kwargs
+// _tmp_152: '@' named_expression NEWLINE
 static void *
-_tmp_260_rule(Parser *p)
+_tmp_152_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -41353,30 +34875,35 @@ _tmp_260_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     void * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // ','.(starred_expression | (assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'=')+ ',' kwargs
+    { // '@' named_expression NEWLINE
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_260[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "','.(starred_expression | (assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'=')+ ',' kwargs"));
-        asdl_seq * _gather_273_var;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_152[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'@' named_expression NEWLINE"));
         Token * _literal;
-        asdl_seq* kwargs_var;
+        expr_ty f;
+        Token * newline_var;
         if (
-            (_gather_273_var = _gather_273_rule(p))  // ','.(starred_expression | (assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'=')+
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 49))  // token='@'
             &&
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
+            (f = named_expression_rule(p))  // named_expression
             &&
-            (kwargs_var = kwargs_rule(p))  // kwargs
+            (newline_var = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, NEWLINE))  // token='NEWLINE'
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_260[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "','.(starred_expression | (assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'=')+ ',' kwargs"));
-            _res = _PyPegen_dummy_name(p, _gather_273_var, _literal, kwargs_var);
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_152[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'@' named_expression NEWLINE"));
+            _res = f;
+            if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+                p->error_indicator = 1;
+                p->level--;
+                return NULL;
+            }
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_260[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "','.(starred_expression | (assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'=')+ ',' kwargs"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_152[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'@' named_expression NEWLINE"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
   done:
@@ -41384,9 +34911,9 @@ _tmp_260_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _tmp_261: starred_expression !'='
+// _tmp_153: ',' star_expression
 static void *
-_tmp_261_rule(Parser *p)
+_tmp_153_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -41397,26 +34924,32 @@ _tmp_261_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     void * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // starred_expression !'='
+    { // ',' star_expression
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_261[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "starred_expression !'='"));
-        expr_ty starred_expression_var;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_153[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' star_expression"));
+        Token * _literal;
+        expr_ty c;
         if (
-            (starred_expression_var = starred_expression_rule(p))  // starred_expression
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
             &&
-            _PyPegen_lookahead_with_int(0, _PyPegen_expect_token, p, 22)  // token='='
+            (c = star_expression_rule(p))  // star_expression
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_261[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "starred_expression !'='"));
-            _res = starred_expression_var;
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_153[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' star_expression"));
+            _res = c;
+            if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+                p->error_indicator = 1;
+                p->level--;
+                return NULL;
+            }
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_261[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "starred_expression !'='"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_153[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "',' star_expression"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
   done:
@@ -41424,9 +34957,9 @@ _tmp_261_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _tmp_262: star_targets '='
+// _tmp_154: 'or' conjunction
 static void *
-_tmp_262_rule(Parser *p)
+_tmp_154_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -41437,27 +34970,32 @@ _tmp_262_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     void * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // star_targets '='
+    { // 'or' conjunction
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_262[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "star_targets '='"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        expr_ty star_targets_var;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_154[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'or' conjunction"));
+        Token * _keyword;
+        expr_ty c;
         if (
-            (star_targets_var = star_targets_rule(p))  // star_targets
+            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 581))  // token='or'
             &&
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 22))  // token='='
+            (c = conjunction_rule(p))  // conjunction
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_262[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "star_targets '='"));
-            _res = _PyPegen_dummy_name(p, star_targets_var, _literal);
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_154[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'or' conjunction"));
+            _res = c;
+            if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+                p->error_indicator = 1;
+                p->level--;
+                return NULL;
+            }
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_262[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "star_targets '='"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_154[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'or' conjunction"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
   done:
@@ -41465,9 +35003,9 @@ _tmp_262_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _tmp_263: star_targets '='
+// _tmp_155: 'and' inversion
 static void *
-_tmp_263_rule(Parser *p)
+_tmp_155_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -41478,27 +35016,32 @@ _tmp_263_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     void * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // star_targets '='
+    { // 'and' inversion
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_263[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "star_targets '='"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        expr_ty star_targets_var;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_155[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'and' inversion"));
+        Token * _keyword;
+        expr_ty c;
         if (
-            (star_targets_var = star_targets_rule(p))  // star_targets
+            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 582))  // token='and'
             &&
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 22))  // token='='
+            (c = inversion_rule(p))  // inversion
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_263[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "star_targets '='"));
-            _res = _PyPegen_dummy_name(p, star_targets_var, _literal);
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_155[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'and' inversion"));
+            _res = c;
+            if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+                p->error_indicator = 1;
+                p->level--;
+                return NULL;
+            }
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_263[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "star_targets '='"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_155[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'and' inversion"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
   done:
@@ -41506,9 +35049,9 @@ _tmp_263_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _tmp_264: ')' | '**'
+// _tmp_156: slice | starred_expression
 static void *
-_tmp_264_rule(Parser *p)
+_tmp_156_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -41519,43 +35062,43 @@ _tmp_264_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     void * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // ')'
+    { // slice
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_264[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "')'"));
-        Token * _literal;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_156[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "slice"));
+        expr_ty slice_var;
         if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 8))  // token=')'
+            (slice_var = slice_rule(p))  // slice
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_264[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "')'"));
-            _res = _literal;
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_156[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "slice"));
+            _res = slice_var;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_264[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "')'"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_156[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "slice"));
     }
-    { // '**'
+    { // starred_expression
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_264[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'**'"));
-        Token * _literal;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_156[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "starred_expression"));
+        expr_ty starred_expression_var;
         if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 35))  // token='**'
+            (starred_expression_var = starred_expression_rule(p))  // starred_expression
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_264[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'**'"));
-            _res = _literal;
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_156[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "starred_expression"));
+            _res = starred_expression_var;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_264[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'**'"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_156[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "starred_expression"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
   done:
@@ -41563,9 +35106,9 @@ _tmp_264_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _tmp_265: ':' | '**'
+// _tmp_157: fstring | string
 static void *
-_tmp_265_rule(Parser *p)
+_tmp_157_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -41576,43 +35119,43 @@ _tmp_265_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     void * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // ':'
+    { // fstring
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_265[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "':'"));
-        Token * _literal;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_157[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "fstring"));
+        expr_ty fstring_var;
         if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 11))  // token=':'
+            (fstring_var = fstring_rule(p))  // fstring
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_265[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "':'"));
-            _res = _literal;
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_157[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "fstring"));
+            _res = fstring_var;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_265[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "':'"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_157[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "fstring"));
     }
-    { // '**'
+    { // string
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_265[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'**'"));
-        Token * _literal;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_157[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "string"));
+        expr_ty string_var;
         if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 35))  // token='**'
+            (string_var = string_rule(p))  // string
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_265[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'**'"));
-            _res = _literal;
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_157[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "string"));
+            _res = string_var;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_265[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'**'"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_157[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "string"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
   done:
@@ -41620,9 +35163,9 @@ _tmp_265_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _loop0_266: (',' bitwise_or)
-static asdl_seq *
-_loop0_266_rule(Parser *p)
+// _tmp_158: 'if' disjunction
+static void *
+_tmp_158_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -41631,65 +35174,44 @@ _loop0_266_rule(Parser *p)
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    void *_res = NULL;
+    void * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    void **_children = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(void *));
-    if (!_children) {
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
-    Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // (',' bitwise_or)
+    { // 'if' disjunction
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_266[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "(',' bitwise_or)"));
-        void *_tmp_275_var;
-        while (
-            (_tmp_275_var = _tmp_275_rule(p))  // ',' bitwise_or
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_158[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'if' disjunction"));
+        Token * _keyword;
+        expr_ty z;
+        if (
+            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 668))  // token='if'
+            &&
+            (z = disjunction_rule(p))  // disjunction
         )
         {
-            _res = _tmp_275_var;
-            if (_n == _children_capacity) {
-                _children_capacity *= 2;
-                void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
-                if (!_new_children) {
-                    PyMem_Free(_children);
-                    p->error_indicator = 1;
-                    PyErr_NoMemory();
-                    p->level--;
-                    return NULL;
-                }
-                _children = _new_children;
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_158[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'if' disjunction"));
+            _res = z;
+            if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+                p->error_indicator = 1;
+                p->level--;
+                return NULL;
             }
-            _children[_n++] = _res;
-            _mark = p->mark;
+            goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_266[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "(',' bitwise_or)"));
-    }
-    asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
-    if (!_seq) {
-        PyMem_Free(_children);
-        p->error_indicator = 1;
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_158[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'if' disjunction"));
     }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
-    PyMem_Free(_children);
+    _res = NULL;
+  done:
     p->level--;
-    return _seq;
+    return _res;
 }
 
-// _tmp_267: expression ['as' star_target]
+// _tmp_159: starred_expression | (assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'='
 static void *
-_tmp_267_rule(Parser *p)
+_tmp_159_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -41700,28 +35222,45 @@ _tmp_267_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     void * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // expression ['as' star_target]
+    { // starred_expression
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_267[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "expression ['as' star_target]"));
-        void *_opt_var;
-        UNUSED(_opt_var); // Silence compiler warnings
-        expr_ty expression_var;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_159[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "starred_expression"));
+        expr_ty starred_expression_var;
         if (
-            (expression_var = expression_rule(p))  // expression
+            (starred_expression_var = starred_expression_rule(p))  // starred_expression
+        )
+        {
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_159[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "starred_expression"));
+            _res = starred_expression_var;
+            goto done;
+        }
+        p->mark = _mark;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_159[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "starred_expression"));
+    }
+    { // (assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'='
+        if (p->error_indicator) {
+            p->level--;
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_159[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "(assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'='"));
+        void *_tmp_85_var;
+        if (
+            (_tmp_85_var = _tmp_85_rule(p))  // assignment_expression | expression !':='
             &&
-            (_opt_var = _tmp_276_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // ['as' star_target]
+            _PyPegen_lookahead_with_int(0, _PyPegen_expect_token, p, 22)  // token='='
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_267[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "expression ['as' star_target]"));
-            _res = _PyPegen_dummy_name(p, expression_var, _opt_var);
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_159[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "(assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'='"));
+            _res = _tmp_85_var;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_267[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "expression ['as' star_target]"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_159[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "(assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'='"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
   done:
@@ -41729,9 +35268,9 @@ _tmp_267_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _tmp_268: expressions ['as' star_target]
+// _tmp_160: ',' star_target
 static void *
-_tmp_268_rule(Parser *p)
+_tmp_160_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -41742,28 +35281,32 @@ _tmp_268_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     void * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // expressions ['as' star_target]
+    { // ',' star_target
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_268[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "expressions ['as' star_target]"));
-        void *_opt_var;
-        UNUSED(_opt_var); // Silence compiler warnings
-        expr_ty expressions_var;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_160[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' star_target"));
+        Token * _literal;
+        expr_ty c;
         if (
-            (expressions_var = expressions_rule(p))  // expressions
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
             &&
-            (_opt_var = _tmp_277_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // ['as' star_target]
+            (c = star_target_rule(p))  // star_target
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_268[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "expressions ['as' star_target]"));
-            _res = _PyPegen_dummy_name(p, expressions_var, _opt_var);
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_160[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' star_target"));
+            _res = c;
+            if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+                p->error_indicator = 1;
+                p->level--;
+                return NULL;
+            }
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_268[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "expressions ['as' star_target]"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_160[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "',' star_target"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
   done:
@@ -41771,9 +35314,10 @@ _tmp_268_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _tmp_269: expression ['as' star_target]
+// _tmp_161:
+//     | ','.(starred_expression | (assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'=')+ ',' kwargs
 static void *
-_tmp_269_rule(Parser *p)
+_tmp_161_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -41784,28 +35328,30 @@ _tmp_269_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     void * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // expression ['as' star_target]
+    { // ','.(starred_expression | (assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'=')+ ',' kwargs
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_269[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "expression ['as' star_target]"));
-        void *_opt_var;
-        UNUSED(_opt_var); // Silence compiler warnings
-        expr_ty expression_var;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_161[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "','.(starred_expression | (assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'=')+ ',' kwargs"));
+        asdl_seq * _gather_87_var;
+        Token * _literal;
+        asdl_seq* kwargs_var;
         if (
-            (expression_var = expression_rule(p))  // expression
+            (_gather_87_var = _gather_87_rule(p))  // ','.(starred_expression | (assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'=')+
+            &&
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
             &&
-            (_opt_var = _tmp_278_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // ['as' star_target]
+            (kwargs_var = kwargs_rule(p))  // kwargs
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_269[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "expression ['as' star_target]"));
-            _res = _PyPegen_dummy_name(p, expression_var, _opt_var);
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_161[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "','.(starred_expression | (assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'=')+ ',' kwargs"));
+            _res = _PyPegen_dummy_name(p, _gather_87_var, _literal, kwargs_var);
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_269[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "expression ['as' star_target]"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_161[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "','.(starred_expression | (assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'=')+ ',' kwargs"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
   done:
@@ -41813,9 +35359,9 @@ _tmp_269_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _tmp_270: expressions ['as' star_target]
+// _tmp_162: starred_expression !'='
 static void *
-_tmp_270_rule(Parser *p)
+_tmp_162_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -41826,28 +35372,26 @@ _tmp_270_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     void * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // expressions ['as' star_target]
+    { // starred_expression !'='
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_270[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "expressions ['as' star_target]"));
-        void *_opt_var;
-        UNUSED(_opt_var); // Silence compiler warnings
-        expr_ty expressions_var;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_162[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "starred_expression !'='"));
+        expr_ty starred_expression_var;
         if (
-            (expressions_var = expressions_rule(p))  // expressions
+            (starred_expression_var = starred_expression_rule(p))  // starred_expression
             &&
-            (_opt_var = _tmp_279_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // ['as' star_target]
+            _PyPegen_lookahead_with_int(0, _PyPegen_expect_token, p, 22)  // token='='
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_270[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "expressions ['as' star_target]"));
-            _res = _PyPegen_dummy_name(p, expressions_var, _opt_var);
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_162[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "starred_expression !'='"));
+            _res = starred_expression_var;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_270[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "expressions ['as' star_target]"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_162[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "starred_expression !'='"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
   done:
@@ -41855,9 +35399,9 @@ _tmp_270_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _tmp_271: 'as' NAME
+// _tmp_163: ')' | '**'
 static void *
-_tmp_271_rule(Parser *p)
+_tmp_163_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -41868,27 +35412,43 @@ _tmp_271_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     void * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // 'as' NAME
+    { // ')'
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_271[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'as' NAME"));
-        Token * _keyword;
-        expr_ty name_var;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_163[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "')'"));
+        Token * _literal;
         if (
-            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 658))  // token='as'
-            &&
-            (name_var = _PyPegen_name_token(p))  // NAME
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 8))  // token=')'
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_271[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'as' NAME"));
-            _res = _PyPegen_dummy_name(p, _keyword, name_var);
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_163[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "')'"));
+            _res = _literal;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_271[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'as' NAME"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_163[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "')'"));
+    }
+    { // '**'
+        if (p->error_indicator) {
+            p->level--;
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_163[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'**'"));
+        Token * _literal;
+        if (
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 35))  // token='**'
+        )
+        {
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_163[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'**'"));
+            _res = _literal;
+            goto done;
+        }
+        p->mark = _mark;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_163[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'**'"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
   done:
@@ -41896,9 +35456,9 @@ _tmp_271_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _tmp_272: assignment_expression | expression !':='
+// _tmp_164: ':' | '**'
 static void *
-_tmp_272_rule(Parser *p)
+_tmp_164_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -41909,45 +35469,43 @@ _tmp_272_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     void * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // assignment_expression
+    { // ':'
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_272[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "assignment_expression"));
-        expr_ty assignment_expression_var;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_164[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "':'"));
+        Token * _literal;
         if (
-            (assignment_expression_var = assignment_expression_rule(p))  // assignment_expression
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 11))  // token=':'
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_272[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "assignment_expression"));
-            _res = assignment_expression_var;
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_164[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "':'"));
+            _res = _literal;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_272[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "assignment_expression"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_164[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "':'"));
     }
-    { // expression !':='
+    { // '**'
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_272[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "expression !':='"));
-        expr_ty expression_var;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_164[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'**'"));
+        Token * _literal;
         if (
-            (expression_var = expression_rule(p))  // expression
-            &&
-            _PyPegen_lookahead_with_int(0, _PyPegen_expect_token, p, 53)  // token=':='
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 35))  // token='**'
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_272[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "expression !':='"));
-            _res = expression_var;
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_164[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'**'"));
+            _res = _literal;
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_272[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "expression !':='"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_164[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'**'"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
   done:
@@ -41955,9 +35513,9 @@ _tmp_272_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _loop0_274: ',' (starred_expression | (assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'=')
+// _loop0_165: (',' bitwise_or)
 static asdl_seq *
-_loop0_274_rule(Parser *p)
+_loop0_165_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -41977,27 +35535,18 @@ _loop0_274_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     Py_ssize_t _children_capacity = 1;
     Py_ssize_t _n = 0;
-    { // ',' (starred_expression | (assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'=')
+    { // (',' bitwise_or)
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_274[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' (starred_expression | (assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'=')"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        void *elem;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _loop0_165[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "(',' bitwise_or)"));
+        void *_tmp_168_var;
         while (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
-            &&
-            (elem = _tmp_280_rule(p))  // starred_expression | (assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'='
+            (_tmp_168_var = _tmp_168_rule(p))  // ',' bitwise_or
         )
         {
-            _res = elem;
-            if (_res == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
-                p->error_indicator = 1;
-                PyMem_Free(_children);
-                p->level--;
-                return NULL;
-            }
+            _res = _tmp_168_var;
             if (_n == _children_capacity) {
                 _children_capacity *= 2;
                 void **_new_children = PyMem_Realloc(_children, _children_capacity*sizeof(void *));
@@ -42014,8 +35563,8 @@ _loop0_274_rule(Parser *p)
             _mark = p->mark;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_274[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "',' (starred_expression | (assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'=')"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _loop0_165[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "(',' bitwise_or)"));
     }
     asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);
     if (!_seq) {
@@ -42025,98 +35574,15 @@ _loop0_274_rule(Parser *p)
         p->level--;
         return NULL;
     }
-    for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);
     PyMem_Free(_children);
     p->level--;
     return _seq;
 }
 
-// _gather_273:
-//     | (starred_expression | (assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'=') _loop0_274
-static asdl_seq *
-_gather_273_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    asdl_seq * _res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // (starred_expression | (assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'=') _loop0_274
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _gather_273[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "(starred_expression | (assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'=') _loop0_274"));
-        void *elem;
-        asdl_seq * seq;
-        if (
-            (elem = _tmp_280_rule(p))  // starred_expression | (assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'='
-            &&
-            (seq = _loop0_274_rule(p))  // _loop0_274
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _gather_273[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "(starred_expression | (assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'=') _loop0_274"));
-            _res = _PyPegen_seq_insert_in_front(p, elem, seq);
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _gather_273[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "(starred_expression | (assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'=') _loop0_274"));
-    }
-    _res = NULL;
-  done:
-    p->level--;
-    return _res;
-}
-
-// _tmp_275: ',' bitwise_or
-static void *
-_tmp_275_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void * _res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // ',' bitwise_or
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_275[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' bitwise_or"));
-        Token * _literal;
-        expr_ty bitwise_or_var;
-        if (
-            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
-            &&
-            (bitwise_or_var = bitwise_or_rule(p))  // bitwise_or
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_275[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' bitwise_or"));
-            _res = _PyPegen_dummy_name(p, _literal, bitwise_or_var);
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_275[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "',' bitwise_or"));
-    }
-    _res = NULL;
-  done:
-    p->level--;
-    return _res;
-}
-
-// _tmp_276: 'as' star_target
+// _tmp_166: expression ['as' star_target]
 static void *
-_tmp_276_rule(Parser *p)
+_tmp_166_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -42127,27 +35593,28 @@ _tmp_276_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     void * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // 'as' star_target
+    { // expression ['as' star_target]
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_276[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'as' star_target"));
-        Token * _keyword;
-        expr_ty star_target_var;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_166[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "expression ['as' star_target]"));
+        void *_opt_var;
+        UNUSED(_opt_var); // Silence compiler warnings
+        expr_ty expression_var;
         if (
-            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 658))  // token='as'
+            (expression_var = expression_rule(p))  // expression
             &&
-            (star_target_var = star_target_rule(p))  // star_target
+            (_opt_var = _tmp_169_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // ['as' star_target]
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_276[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'as' star_target"));
-            _res = _PyPegen_dummy_name(p, _keyword, star_target_var);
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_166[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "expression ['as' star_target]"));
+            _res = _PyPegen_dummy_name(p, expression_var, _opt_var);
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_276[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'as' star_target"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_166[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "expression ['as' star_target]"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
   done:
@@ -42155,9 +35622,9 @@ _tmp_276_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _tmp_277: 'as' star_target
+// _tmp_167: expressions ['as' star_target]
 static void *
-_tmp_277_rule(Parser *p)
+_tmp_167_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -42168,27 +35635,28 @@ _tmp_277_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     void * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // 'as' star_target
+    { // expressions ['as' star_target]
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_277[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'as' star_target"));
-        Token * _keyword;
-        expr_ty star_target_var;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_167[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "expressions ['as' star_target]"));
+        void *_opt_var;
+        UNUSED(_opt_var); // Silence compiler warnings
+        expr_ty expressions_var;
         if (
-            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 658))  // token='as'
+            (expressions_var = expressions_rule(p))  // expressions
             &&
-            (star_target_var = star_target_rule(p))  // star_target
+            (_opt_var = _tmp_169_rule(p), !p->error_indicator)  // ['as' star_target]
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_277[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'as' star_target"));
-            _res = _PyPegen_dummy_name(p, _keyword, star_target_var);
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_167[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "expressions ['as' star_target]"));
+            _res = _PyPegen_dummy_name(p, expressions_var, _opt_var);
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_277[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'as' star_target"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_167[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "expressions ['as' star_target]"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
   done:
@@ -42196,9 +35664,9 @@ _tmp_277_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _tmp_278: 'as' star_target
+// _tmp_168: ',' bitwise_or
 static void *
-_tmp_278_rule(Parser *p)
+_tmp_168_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -42209,27 +35677,27 @@ _tmp_278_rule(Parser *p)
     }
     void * _res = NULL;
     int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // 'as' star_target
+    { // ',' bitwise_or
         if (p->error_indicator) {
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_278[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'as' star_target"));
-        Token * _keyword;
-        expr_ty star_target_var;
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_168[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' bitwise_or"));
+        Token * _literal;
+        expr_ty bitwise_or_var;
         if (
-            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 658))  // token='as'
+            (_literal = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 12))  // token=','
             &&
-            (star_target_var = star_target_rule(p))  // star_target
+            (bitwise_or_var = bitwise_or_rule(p))  // bitwise_or
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_278[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'as' star_target"));
-            _res = _PyPegen_dummy_name(p, _keyword, star_target_var);
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_168[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "',' bitwise_or"));
+            _res = _PyPegen_dummy_name(p, _literal, bitwise_or_var);
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_278[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'as' star_target"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_168[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "',' bitwise_or"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
   done:
@@ -42237,9 +35705,9 @@ _tmp_278_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _tmp_279: 'as' star_target
+// _tmp_169: 'as' star_target
 static void *
-_tmp_279_rule(Parser *p)
+_tmp_169_rule(Parser *p)
 {
     if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
         _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
@@ -42255,21 +35723,21 @@ _tmp_279_rule(Parser *p)
             p->level--;
             return NULL;
         }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_279[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'as' star_target"));
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_169[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'as' star_target"));
         Token * _keyword;
         expr_ty star_target_var;
         if (
-            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 658))  // token='as'
+            (_keyword = _PyPegen_expect_token(p, 666))  // token='as'
             &&
             (star_target_var = star_target_rule(p))  // star_target
         )
         {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_279[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'as' star_target"));
+            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_169[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "'as' star_target"));
             _res = _PyPegen_dummy_name(p, _keyword, star_target_var);
             goto done;
         }
         p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_279[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
+        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_169[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
                   p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "'as' star_target"));
     }
     _res = NULL;
@@ -42278,124 +35746,6 @@ _tmp_279_rule(Parser *p)
     return _res;
 }
 
-// _tmp_280: starred_expression | (assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'='
-static void *
-_tmp_280_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void * _res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // starred_expression
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_280[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "starred_expression"));
-        expr_ty starred_expression_var;
-        if (
-            (starred_expression_var = starred_expression_rule(p))  // starred_expression
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_280[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "starred_expression"));
-            _res = starred_expression_var;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_280[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "starred_expression"));
-    }
-    { // (assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'='
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_280[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "(assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'='"));
-        void *_tmp_281_var;
-        if (
-            (_tmp_281_var = _tmp_281_rule(p))  // assignment_expression | expression !':='
-            &&
-            _PyPegen_lookahead_with_int(0, _PyPegen_expect_token, p, 22)  // token='='
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_280[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "(assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'='"));
-            _res = _tmp_281_var;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_280[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "(assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'='"));
-    }
-    _res = NULL;
-  done:
-    p->level--;
-    return _res;
-}
-
-// _tmp_281: assignment_expression | expression !':='
-static void *
-_tmp_281_rule(Parser *p)
-{
-    if (p->level++ == MAXSTACK) {
-        _Pypegen_stack_overflow(p);
-    }
-    if (p->error_indicator) {
-        p->level--;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    void * _res = NULL;
-    int _mark = p->mark;
-    { // assignment_expression
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_281[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "assignment_expression"));
-        expr_ty assignment_expression_var;
-        if (
-            (assignment_expression_var = assignment_expression_rule(p))  // assignment_expression
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_281[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "assignment_expression"));
-            _res = assignment_expression_var;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_281[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "assignment_expression"));
-    }
-    { // expression !':='
-        if (p->error_indicator) {
-            p->level--;
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c> _tmp_281[%d-%d]: %s\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "expression !':='"));
-        expr_ty expression_var;
-        if (
-            (expression_var = expression_rule(p))  // expression
-            &&
-            _PyPegen_lookahead_with_int(0, _PyPegen_expect_token, p, 53)  // token=':='
-        )
-        {
-            D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c+ _tmp_281[%d-%d]: %s succeeded!\n", p->level, ' ', _mark, p->mark, "expression !':='"));
-            _res = expression_var;
-            goto done;
-        }
-        p->mark = _mark;
-        D(fprintf(stderr, "%*c%s _tmp_281[%d-%d]: %s failed!\n", p->level, ' ',
-                  p->error_indicator ? "ERROR!" : "-", _mark, p->mark, "expression !':='"));
-    }
-    _res = NULL;
-  done:
-    p->level--;
-    return _res;
-}
-
 void *
 _PyPegen_parse(Parser *p)
 {
diff --git a/Parser/pegen.c b/Parser/pegen.c
index 2955eab2dac7c4..bb98e7b184a4dc 100644
--- a/Parser/pegen.c
+++ b/Parser/pegen.c
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include <Python.h>
 #include "pycore_ast.h"           // _PyAST_Validate(),
 #include "pycore_pystate.h"       // _PyThreadState_GET()
+#include "pycore_pyerrors.h"      // PyExc_IncompleteInputError
 #include <errcode.h>
 
 #include "lexer/lexer.h"
@@ -21,7 +22,7 @@ _PyPegen_interactive_exit(Parser *p)
 Py_ssize_t
 _PyPegen_byte_offset_to_character_offset_line(PyObject *line, Py_ssize_t col_offset, Py_ssize_t end_col_offset)
 {
-    const char *data = PyUnicode_AsUTF8(line);
+    const unsigned char *data = (const unsigned char*)PyUnicode_AsUTF8(line);
 
     Py_ssize_t len = 0;
     while (col_offset < end_col_offset) {
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ _PyPegen_byte_offset_to_character_offset_line(PyObject *line, Py_ssize_t col_off
 Py_ssize_t
 _PyPegen_byte_offset_to_character_offset_raw(const char* str, Py_ssize_t col_offset)
 {
-    Py_ssize_t len = strlen(str);
+    Py_ssize_t len = (Py_ssize_t)strlen(str);
     if (col_offset > len + 1) {
         col_offset = len + 1;
     }
@@ -157,7 +158,7 @@ growable_comment_array_deallocate(growable_comment_array *arr) {
 static int
 _get_keyword_or_name_type(Parser *p, struct token *new_token)
 {
-    int name_len = new_token->end_col_offset - new_token->col_offset;
+    Py_ssize_t name_len = new_token->end_col_offset - new_token->col_offset;
     assert(name_len > 0);
 
     if (name_len >= p->n_keyword_lists ||
@@ -166,7 +167,7 @@ _get_keyword_or_name_type(Parser *p, struct token *new_token)
         return NAME;
     }
     for (KeywordToken *k = p->keywords[name_len]; k != NULL && k->type != -1; k++) {
-        if (strncmp(k->str, new_token->start, name_len) == 0) {
+        if (strncmp(k->str, new_token->start, (size_t)name_len) == 0) {
             return k->type;
         }
     }
@@ -217,7 +218,7 @@ initialize_token(Parser *p, Token *parser_token, struct token *new_token, int to
 static int
 _resize_tokens_array(Parser *p) {
     int newsize = p->size * 2;
-    Token **new_tokens = PyMem_Realloc(p->tokens, newsize * sizeof(Token *));
+    Token **new_tokens = PyMem_Realloc(p->tokens, (size_t)newsize * sizeof(Token *));
     if (new_tokens == NULL) {
         PyErr_NoMemory();
         return -1;
@@ -246,12 +247,12 @@ _PyPegen_fill_token(Parser *p)
     // Record and skip '# type: ignore' comments
     while (type == TYPE_IGNORE) {
         Py_ssize_t len = new_token.end_col_offset - new_token.col_offset;
-        char *tag = PyMem_Malloc(len + 1);
+        char *tag = PyMem_Malloc((size_t)len + 1);
         if (tag == NULL) {
             PyErr_NoMemory();
             goto error;
         }
-        strncpy(tag, new_token.start, len);
+        strncpy(tag, new_token.start, (size_t)len);
         tag[len] = '\0';
         // Ownership of tag passes to the growable array
         if (!growable_comment_array_add(&p->type_ignore_comments, p->tok->lineno, tag)) {
@@ -295,12 +296,22 @@ _PyPegen_fill_token(Parser *p)
 #define NSTATISTICS _PYPEGEN_NSTATISTICS
 #define memo_statistics _PyRuntime.parser.memo_statistics
 
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+#define MUTEX_LOCK() PyMutex_Lock(&_PyRuntime.parser.mutex)
+#define MUTEX_UNLOCK() PyMutex_Unlock(&_PyRuntime.parser.mutex)
+#else
+#define MUTEX_LOCK()
+#define MUTEX_UNLOCK()
+#endif
+
 void
 _PyPegen_clear_memo_statistics(void)
 {
+    MUTEX_LOCK();
     for (int i = 0; i < NSTATISTICS; i++) {
         memo_statistics[i] = 0;
     }
+    MUTEX_UNLOCK();
 }
 
 PyObject *
@@ -310,18 +321,23 @@ _PyPegen_get_memo_statistics(void)
     if (ret == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
+
+    MUTEX_LOCK();
     for (int i = 0; i < NSTATISTICS; i++) {
         PyObject *value = PyLong_FromLong(memo_statistics[i]);
         if (value == NULL) {
+            MUTEX_UNLOCK();
             Py_DECREF(ret);
             return NULL;
         }
         // PyList_SetItem borrows a reference to value.
         if (PyList_SetItem(ret, i, value) < 0) {
+            MUTEX_UNLOCK();
             Py_DECREF(ret);
             return NULL;
         }
     }
+    MUTEX_UNLOCK();
     return ret;
 }
 #endif
@@ -340,14 +356,16 @@ _PyPegen_is_memoized(Parser *p, int type, void *pres)
 
     for (Memo *m = t->memo; m != NULL; m = m->next) {
         if (m->type == type) {
-#if defined(PY_DEBUG)
+#if defined(Py_DEBUG)
             if (0 <= type && type < NSTATISTICS) {
                 long count = m->mark - p->mark;
                 // A memoized negative result counts for one.
                 if (count <= 0) {
                     count = 1;
                 }
+                MUTEX_LOCK();
                 memo_statistics[type] += count;
+                MUTEX_UNLOCK();
             }
 #endif
             p->mark = m->mark;
@@ -487,7 +505,7 @@ _PyPegen_get_last_nonnwhitespace_token(Parser *p)
 PyObject *
 _PyPegen_new_identifier(Parser *p, const char *n)
 {
-    PyObject *id = PyUnicode_DecodeUTF8(n, strlen(n), NULL);
+    PyObject *id = PyUnicode_DecodeUTF8(n, (Py_ssize_t)strlen(n), NULL);
     if (!id) {
         goto error;
     }
@@ -527,7 +545,8 @@ _PyPegen_new_identifier(Parser *p, const char *n)
         }
         id = id2;
     }
-    PyUnicode_InternInPlace(&id);
+    PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
+    _PyUnicode_InternImmortal(interp, &id);
     if (_PyArena_AddPyObject(p->arena, id) < 0)
     {
         Py_DECREF(id);
@@ -582,7 +601,7 @@ expr_ty _PyPegen_soft_keyword_token(Parser *p) {
     Py_ssize_t size;
     PyBytes_AsStringAndSize(t->bytes, &the_token, &size);
     for (char **keyword = p->soft_keywords; *keyword != NULL; keyword++) {
-        if (strncmp(*keyword, the_token, size) == 0) {
+        if (strncmp(*keyword, the_token, (size_t)size) == 0) {
             return _PyPegen_name_from_token(p, t);
         }
     }
diff --git a/Parser/pegen_errors.c b/Parser/pegen_errors.c
index e8f11a67e50fa0..6146f69912bfa3 100644
--- a/Parser/pegen_errors.c
+++ b/Parser/pegen_errors.c
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ _Pypegen_raise_decode_error(Parser *p)
 static int
 _PyPegen_tokenize_full_source_to_check_for_errors(Parser *p) {
     // Tokenize the whole input to see if there are any tokenization
-    // errors such as mistmatching parentheses. These will get priority
+    // errors such as mismatching parentheses. These will get priority
     // over generic syntax errors only if the line number of the error is
     // before the one that we had for the generic error.
 
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ get_error_line_from_tokenizer_buffers(Parser *p, Py_ssize_t lineno)
         assert(p->tok->fp_interactive);
         // We can reach this point if the tokenizer buffers for interactive source have not been
         // initialized because we failed to decode the original source with the given locale.
-        return PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize("", 0);
+        return Py_GetConstant(Py_CONSTANT_EMPTY_STR);
     }
 
     Py_ssize_t relative_lineno = p->starting_lineno ? lineno - p->starting_lineno + 1 : lineno;
@@ -359,7 +359,7 @@ _PyPegen_raise_error_known_location(Parser *p, PyObject *errtype,
             error_line = get_error_line_from_tokenizer_buffers(p, lineno);
         }
         else {
-            error_line = PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize("", 0);
+            error_line = Py_GetConstant(Py_CONSTANT_EMPTY_STR);
         }
         if (!error_line) {
             goto error;
diff --git a/Parser/string_parser.c b/Parser/string_parser.c
index bacfd815441110..9537c543b0eb93 100644
--- a/Parser/string_parser.c
+++ b/Parser/string_parser.c
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ warn_invalid_escape_sequence(Parser *p, const char *first_invalid_escape, Token
         // to avoid showing the warning twice.
         return 0;
     }
-    unsigned char c = *first_invalid_escape;
+    unsigned char c = (unsigned char)*first_invalid_escape;
     if ((t->type == FSTRING_MIDDLE || t->type == FSTRING_END) && (c == '{' || c == '}')) {
         // in this case the tokenizer has already emitted a warning,
         // see Parser/tokenizer/helpers.c:warn_invalid_escape_sequence
@@ -90,12 +90,12 @@ decode_unicode_with_escapes(Parser *parser, const char *s, size_t len, Token *t)
     const char *end;
 
     /* check for integer overflow */
-    if (len > SIZE_MAX / 6) {
+    if (len > (size_t)PY_SSIZE_T_MAX / 6) {
         return NULL;
     }
     /* "ä" (2 bytes) may become "\U000000E4" (10 bytes), or 1:5
        "\ä" (3 bytes) may become "\u005c\U000000E4" (16 bytes), or ~1:6 */
-    u = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize((char *)NULL, len * 6);
+    u = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize((char *)NULL, (Py_ssize_t)len * 6);
     if (u == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
@@ -142,11 +142,11 @@ decode_unicode_with_escapes(Parser *parser, const char *s, size_t len, Token *t)
             *p++ = *s++;
         }
     }
-    len = p - buf;
+    len = (size_t)(p - buf);
     s = buf;
 
     const char *first_invalid_escape;
-    v = _PyUnicode_DecodeUnicodeEscapeInternal(s, len, NULL, NULL, &first_invalid_escape);
+    v = _PyUnicode_DecodeUnicodeEscapeInternal(s, (Py_ssize_t)len, NULL, NULL, &first_invalid_escape);
 
     // HACK: later we can simply pass the line no, since we don't preserve the tokens
     // when we are decoding the string but we preserve the line numbers.
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ PyObject *
 _PyPegen_decode_string(Parser *p, int raw, const char *s, size_t len, Token *t)
 {
     if (raw) {
-        return PyUnicode_DecodeUTF8Stateful(s, len, NULL, NULL);
+        return PyUnicode_DecodeUTF8Stateful(s, (Py_ssize_t)len, NULL, NULL);
     }
     return decode_unicode_with_escapes(p, s, len, t);
 }
@@ -229,9 +229,14 @@ _PyPegen_parse_string(Parser *p, Token *t)
         PyErr_BadInternalCall();
         return NULL;
     }
+
     /* Skip the leading quote char. */
     s++;
     len = strlen(s);
+    // gh-120155: 's' contains at least the trailing quote,
+    // so the code '--len' below is safe.
+    assert(len >= 1);
+
     if (len > INT_MAX) {
         PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError, "string to parse is too long");
         return NULL;
@@ -269,9 +274,9 @@ _PyPegen_parse_string(Parser *p, Token *t)
             }
         }
         if (rawmode) {
-            return PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(s, len);
+            return PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(s, (Py_ssize_t)len);
         }
-        return decode_bytes_with_escapes(p, s, len, t);
+        return decode_bytes_with_escapes(p, s, (Py_ssize_t)len, t);
     }
     return _PyPegen_decode_string(p, rawmode, s, len, t);
 }
diff --git a/Programs/_freeze_module.c b/Programs/_freeze_module.c
index 2a462a42cdad7c..891e4256e897ab 100644
--- a/Programs/_freeze_module.c
+++ b/Programs/_freeze_module.c
@@ -110,6 +110,9 @@ static PyObject *
 compile_and_marshal(const char *name, const char *text)
 {
     char *filename = (char *) malloc(strlen(name) + 10);
+    if (filename == NULL) {
+        return PyErr_NoMemory();
+    }
     sprintf(filename, "<frozen %s>", name);
     PyObject *code = Py_CompileStringExFlags(text, filename,
                                              Py_file_input, NULL, 0);
@@ -133,6 +136,9 @@ get_varname(const char *name, const char *prefix)
 {
     size_t n = strlen(prefix);
     char *varname = (char *) malloc(strlen(name) + n + 1);
+    if (varname == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
     (void)strcpy(varname, prefix);
     for (size_t i = 0; name[i] != '\0'; i++) {
         if (name[i] == '.') {
@@ -178,6 +184,11 @@ write_frozen(const char *outpath, const char *inpath, const char *name,
 
     fprintf(outfile, "%s\n", header);
     char *arrayname = get_varname(name, "_Py_M__");
+    if (arrayname == NULL) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "memory error: could not allocate varname\n");
+        fclose(outfile);
+        return -1;
+    }
     write_code(outfile, marshalled, arrayname);
     free(arrayname);
 
diff --git a/Programs/_testembed.c b/Programs/_testembed.c
index d149b6a0c5cd21..d15dd519dbf6af 100644
--- a/Programs/_testembed.c
+++ b/Programs/_testembed.c
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 #include <Python.h>
 #include "pycore_initconfig.h"    // _PyConfig_InitCompatConfig()
 #include "pycore_runtime.h"       // _PyRuntime
+#include "pycore_pythread.h"      // PyThread_start_joinable_thread()
 #include "pycore_import.h"        // _PyImport_FrozenBootstrap
 #include <inttypes.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
@@ -35,6 +36,7 @@ char **main_argv;
 
 /* Use path starting with "./" avoids a search along the PATH */
 #define PROGRAM_NAME L"./_testembed"
+#define PROGRAM_NAME_UTF8 "./_testembed"
 
 #define INIT_LOOPS 4
 
@@ -93,6 +95,14 @@ static void _testembed_Py_Initialize(void)
 }
 
 
+static int test_import_in_subinterpreters(void)
+{
+    _testembed_Py_InitializeFromConfig();
+    PyThreadState_Swap(Py_NewInterpreter());
+    return PyRun_SimpleString("import readline"); // gh-124160
+}
+
+
 /*****************************************************
  * Test repeated initialisation and subinterpreters
  *****************************************************/
@@ -170,15 +180,23 @@ PyInit_embedded_ext(void)
 static int test_repeated_init_exec(void)
 {
     if (main_argc < 3) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s test_repeated_init_exec CODE\n", PROGRAM);
+        fprintf(stderr,
+                "usage: %s test_repeated_init_exec CODE ...\n", PROGRAM);
         exit(1);
     }
     const char *code = main_argv[2];
+    int loops = main_argc > 3
+        ? main_argc - 2
+        : INIT_LOOPS;
 
-    for (int i=1; i <= INIT_LOOPS; i++) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "--- Loop #%d ---\n", i);
+    for (int i=0; i < loops; i++) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "--- Loop #%d ---\n", i+1);
         fflush(stderr);
 
+        if (main_argc > 3) {
+            code = main_argv[i+2];
+        }
+
         _testembed_Py_InitializeFromConfig();
         int err = PyRun_SimpleString(code);
         Py_Finalize();
@@ -293,14 +311,36 @@ static int test_pre_initialization_api(void)
     _Py_EMBED_PREINIT_CHECK("Checking Py_SetProgramName\n");
     Py_SetProgramName(program);
 
+    _Py_EMBED_PREINIT_CHECK("Checking !Py_IsInitialized pre-initialization\n");
+    if (Py_IsInitialized()) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Fatal error: initialized before initialization!\n");
+        return 1;
+    }
+
     _Py_EMBED_PREINIT_CHECK("Initializing interpreter\n");
     Py_Initialize();
+
+    _Py_EMBED_PREINIT_CHECK("Checking Py_IsInitialized post-initialization\n");
+    if (!Py_IsInitialized()) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Fatal error: not initialized after initialization!\n");
+        return 1;
+    }
+
     _Py_EMBED_PREINIT_CHECK("Check sys module contents\n");
-    PyRun_SimpleString("import sys; "
-                       "print('sys.executable:', sys.executable)");
+    PyRun_SimpleString(
+        "import sys; "
+        "print('sys.executable:', sys.executable); "
+        "sys.stdout.flush(); "
+    );
     _Py_EMBED_PREINIT_CHECK("Finalizing interpreter\n");
     Py_Finalize();
 
+    _Py_EMBED_PREINIT_CHECK("Checking !Py_IsInitialized post-finalization\n");
+    if (Py_IsInitialized()) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Fatal error: still initialized after finalization!\n");
+        return 1;
+    }
+
     _Py_EMBED_PREINIT_CHECK("Freeing memory allocated by Py_DecodeLocale\n");
     PyMem_RawFree(program);
     return 0;
@@ -346,12 +386,15 @@ static int test_pre_initialization_sys_options(void)
     _Py_EMBED_PREINIT_CHECK("Initializing interpreter\n");
     _testembed_Py_InitializeFromConfig();
     _Py_EMBED_PREINIT_CHECK("Check sys module contents\n");
-    PyRun_SimpleString("import sys; "
-                       "print('sys.warnoptions:', sys.warnoptions); "
-                       "print('sys._xoptions:', sys._xoptions); "
-                       "warnings = sys.modules['warnings']; "
-                       "latest_filters = [f[0] for f in warnings.filters[:3]]; "
-                       "print('warnings.filters[:3]:', latest_filters)");
+    PyRun_SimpleString(
+        "import sys; "
+        "print('sys.warnoptions:', sys.warnoptions); "
+        "print('sys._xoptions:', sys._xoptions); "
+        "warnings = sys.modules['warnings']; "
+        "latest_filters = [f[0] for f in warnings.filters[:3]]; "
+        "print('warnings.filters[:3]:', latest_filters); "
+        "sys.stdout.flush(); "
+    );
     _Py_EMBED_PREINIT_CHECK("Finalizing interpreter\n");
     Py_Finalize();
 
@@ -792,6 +835,7 @@ static void set_most_env_vars(void)
 #ifdef Py_STATS
     putenv("PYTHONSTATS=1");
 #endif
+    putenv("PYTHONPERFSUPPORT=1");
 }
 
 
@@ -1796,6 +1840,228 @@ static int test_init_set_config(void)
 }
 
 
+static int initconfig_getint(PyInitConfig *config, const char *name)
+{
+    int64_t value;
+    int res = PyInitConfig_GetInt(config, name, &value);
+    assert(res == 0);
+    assert(INT_MIN <= value && value <= INT_MAX);
+    return (int)value;
+}
+
+
+static int test_initconfig_api(void)
+{
+    PyInitConfig *config = PyInitConfig_Create();
+    if (config == NULL) {
+        printf("Init allocation error\n");
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    if (PyInitConfig_SetInt(config, "configure_locale", 1) < 0) {
+        goto error;
+    }
+
+    if (PyInitConfig_SetInt(config, "dev_mode", 1) < 0) {
+        goto error;
+    }
+
+    if (PyInitConfig_SetInt(config, "hash_seed", 10) < 0) {
+        goto error;
+    }
+
+    if (PyInitConfig_SetInt(config, "perf_profiling", 2) < 0) {
+        goto error;
+    }
+
+    // Set a UTF-8 string (program_name)
+    if (PyInitConfig_SetStr(config, "program_name", PROGRAM_NAME_UTF8) < 0) {
+        goto error;
+    }
+
+    // Set a UTF-8 string (pycache_prefix)
+    if (PyInitConfig_SetStr(config, "pycache_prefix",
+                            "conf_pycache_prefix") < 0) {
+        goto error;
+    }
+
+    // Set a list of UTF-8 strings (argv)
+    char* xoptions[] = {"faulthandler"};
+    if (PyInitConfig_SetStrList(config, "xoptions",
+                                Py_ARRAY_LENGTH(xoptions), xoptions) < 0) {
+        goto error;
+    }
+
+    if (Py_InitializeFromInitConfig(config) < 0) {
+        goto error;
+    }
+    PyInitConfig_Free(config);
+    PyInitConfig_Free(NULL);
+
+    dump_config();
+    Py_Finalize();
+    return 0;
+
+error:
+    {
+        const char *err_msg;
+        (void)PyInitConfig_GetError(config, &err_msg);
+        printf("Python init failed: %s\n", err_msg);
+        exit(1);
+    }
+}
+
+
+static int test_initconfig_get_api(void)
+{
+    PyInitConfig *config = PyInitConfig_Create();
+    if (config == NULL) {
+        printf("Init allocation error\n");
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    // test PyInitConfig_HasOption()
+    assert(PyInitConfig_HasOption(config, "verbose") == 1);
+    assert(PyInitConfig_HasOption(config, "utf8_mode") == 1);
+    assert(PyInitConfig_HasOption(config, "non-existent") == 0);
+
+    // test PyInitConfig_GetInt()
+    assert(initconfig_getint(config, "dev_mode") == 0);
+    assert(PyInitConfig_SetInt(config, "dev_mode", 1) == 0);
+    assert(initconfig_getint(config, "dev_mode") == 1);
+
+    // test PyInitConfig_GetInt() on a PyPreConfig option
+    assert(initconfig_getint(config, "utf8_mode") == 0);
+    assert(PyInitConfig_SetInt(config, "utf8_mode", 1) == 0);
+    assert(initconfig_getint(config, "utf8_mode") == 1);
+
+    // test PyInitConfig_GetStr()
+    char *str;
+    assert(PyInitConfig_GetStr(config, "program_name", &str) == 0);
+    assert(str == NULL);
+    assert(PyInitConfig_SetStr(config, "program_name", PROGRAM_NAME_UTF8) == 0);
+    assert(PyInitConfig_GetStr(config, "program_name", &str) == 0);
+    assert(strcmp(str, PROGRAM_NAME_UTF8) == 0);
+    free(str);
+
+    // test PyInitConfig_GetStrList() and PyInitConfig_FreeStrList()
+    size_t length;
+    char **items;
+    assert(PyInitConfig_GetStrList(config, "xoptions", &length, &items) == 0);
+    assert(length == 0);
+
+    char* xoptions[] = {"faulthandler"};
+    assert(PyInitConfig_SetStrList(config, "xoptions",
+                                   Py_ARRAY_LENGTH(xoptions), xoptions) == 0);
+
+    assert(PyInitConfig_GetStrList(config, "xoptions", &length, &items) == 0);
+    assert(length == 1);
+    assert(strcmp(items[0], "faulthandler") == 0);
+    PyInitConfig_FreeStrList(length, items);
+
+    // Setting hash_seed sets use_hash_seed
+    assert(initconfig_getint(config, "use_hash_seed") == 0);
+    assert(PyInitConfig_SetInt(config, "hash_seed", 123) == 0);
+    assert(initconfig_getint(config, "use_hash_seed") == 1);
+
+    // Setting module_search_paths sets module_search_paths_set
+    assert(initconfig_getint(config, "module_search_paths_set") == 0);
+    char* paths[] = {"search", "path"};
+    assert(PyInitConfig_SetStrList(config, "module_search_paths",
+                                   Py_ARRAY_LENGTH(paths), paths) == 0);
+    assert(initconfig_getint(config, "module_search_paths_set") == 1);
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+static int test_initconfig_exit(void)
+{
+    PyInitConfig *config = PyInitConfig_Create();
+    if (config == NULL) {
+        printf("Init allocation error\n");
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    char *argv[] = {PROGRAM_NAME_UTF8, "--help"};
+    assert(PyInitConfig_SetStrList(config, "argv",
+                                   Py_ARRAY_LENGTH(argv), argv) == 0);
+
+    assert(PyInitConfig_SetInt(config, "parse_argv", 1) == 0);
+
+    assert(Py_InitializeFromInitConfig(config) < 0);
+
+    int exitcode;
+    assert(PyInitConfig_GetExitCode(config, &exitcode) == 1);
+    assert(exitcode == 0);
+
+    const char *err_msg;
+    assert(PyInitConfig_GetError(config, &err_msg) == 1);
+    assert(strcmp(err_msg, "exit code 0") == 0);
+
+    PyInitConfig_Free(config);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+static PyModuleDef_Slot extension_slots[] = {
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
+    {0, NULL}
+};
+
+static struct PyModuleDef extension_module = {
+    PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,
+    .m_name = "my_test_extension",
+    .m_size = 0,
+    .m_slots = extension_slots,
+};
+
+static PyObject* init_my_test_extension(void)
+{
+    return PyModuleDef_Init(&extension_module);
+}
+
+
+static int test_initconfig_module(void)
+{
+    PyInitConfig *config = PyInitConfig_Create();
+    if (config == NULL) {
+        printf("Init allocation error\n");
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    if (PyInitConfig_SetStr(config, "program_name", PROGRAM_NAME_UTF8) < 0) {
+        goto error;
+    }
+
+    if (PyInitConfig_AddModule(config, "my_test_extension",
+                               init_my_test_extension) < 0) {
+        goto error;
+    }
+
+    if (Py_InitializeFromInitConfig(config) < 0) {
+        goto error;
+    }
+    PyInitConfig_Free(config);
+
+    if (PyRun_SimpleString("import my_test_extension") < 0) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "unable to import my_test_extension\n");
+        exit(1);
+    }
+
+    Py_Finalize();
+    return 0;
+
+error:
+    {
+        const char *err_msg;
+        (void)PyInitConfig_GetError(config, &err_msg);
+        printf("Python init failed: %s\n", err_msg);
+        exit(1);
+    }
+}
+
+
 static void configure_init_main(PyConfig *config)
 {
     wchar_t* argv[] = {
@@ -2014,6 +2280,22 @@ static int test_init_main_interpreter_settings(void)
     return 0;
 }
 
+static void do_init(void *unused)
+{
+    _testembed_Py_Initialize();
+    Py_Finalize();
+}
+
+static int test_init_in_background_thread(void)
+{
+    PyThread_handle_t handle;
+    PyThread_ident_t ident;
+    if (PyThread_start_joinable_thread(&do_init, NULL, &ident, &handle) < 0) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    return PyThread_join_thread(handle);
+}
+
 
 #ifndef MS_WINDOWS
 #include "test_frozenmain.h"      // M_test_frozenmain
@@ -2159,6 +2441,7 @@ static struct TestCase TestCases[] = {
     {"test_repeated_init_exec", test_repeated_init_exec},
     {"test_repeated_simple_init", test_repeated_simple_init},
     {"test_forced_io_encoding", test_forced_io_encoding},
+    {"test_import_in_subinterpreters", test_import_in_subinterpreters},
     {"test_repeated_init_and_subinterpreters", test_repeated_init_and_subinterpreters},
     {"test_repeated_init_and_inittab", test_repeated_init_and_inittab},
     {"test_pre_initialization_api", test_pre_initialization_api},
@@ -2198,11 +2481,16 @@ static struct TestCase TestCases[] = {
     {"test_init_is_python_build", test_init_is_python_build},
     {"test_init_warnoptions", test_init_warnoptions},
     {"test_init_set_config", test_init_set_config},
+    {"test_initconfig_api", test_initconfig_api},
+    {"test_initconfig_get_api", test_initconfig_get_api},
+    {"test_initconfig_exit", test_initconfig_exit},
+    {"test_initconfig_module", test_initconfig_module},
     {"test_run_main", test_run_main},
     {"test_run_main_loop", test_run_main_loop},
     {"test_get_argc_argv", test_get_argc_argv},
     {"test_init_use_frozen_modules", test_init_use_frozen_modules},
     {"test_init_main_interpreter_settings", test_init_main_interpreter_settings},
+    {"test_init_in_background_thread", test_init_in_background_thread},
 
     // Audit
     {"test_open_code_hook", test_open_code_hook},
diff --git a/Programs/test_frozenmain.h b/Programs/test_frozenmain.h
index cdc417e48ebec6..624d9c0b653ad7 100644
--- a/Programs/test_frozenmain.h
+++ b/Programs/test_frozenmain.h
@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
 // Auto-generated by Programs/freeze_test_frozenmain.py
 unsigned char M_test_frozenmain[] = {
     227,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,8,0,0,
-    0,0,0,0,0,243,166,0,0,0,149,0,83,0,83,1,
-    74,0,114,0,83,0,83,1,74,1,114,1,92,2,33,0,
-    83,2,52,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,31,0,92,2,33,0,
-    83,3,92,0,81,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
-    0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,52,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,
-    31,0,92,1,81,8,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
-    0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,33,0,52,0,0,0,0,0,
-    0,0,83,4,5,0,0,0,114,5,83,5,19,0,71,20,
-    0,0,114,6,92,2,33,0,83,6,92,6,14,0,83,7,
-    92,5,92,6,5,0,0,0,14,0,50,4,52,1,0,0,
-    0,0,0,0,31,0,76,22,0,0,11,0,31,0,103,1,
+    0,0,0,0,0,243,166,0,0,0,149,0,79,0,79,1,
+    70,0,111,0,79,0,79,1,70,1,111,1,88,2,31,0,
+    79,2,49,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,29,0,88,2,31,0,
+    79,3,88,0,77,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
+    0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,49,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,
+    29,0,88,1,77,8,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
+    0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,31,0,49,0,0,0,0,0,
+    0,0,79,4,2,0,0,0,111,5,79,5,16,0,67,20,
+    0,0,111,6,88,2,31,0,79,6,88,6,12,0,79,7,
+    88,5,88,6,2,0,0,0,12,0,47,4,49,1,0,0,
+    0,0,0,0,29,0,72,22,0,0,9,0,29,0,100,1,
     41,8,233,0,0,0,0,78,122,18,70,114,111,122,101,110,
     32,72,101,108,108,111,32,87,111,114,108,100,122,8,115,121,
     115,46,97,114,103,118,218,6,99,111,110,102,105,103,41,5,
@@ -27,12 +27,11 @@ unsigned char M_test_frozenmain[] = {
     3,0,0,0,218,3,107,101,121,169,0,243,0,0,0,0,
     218,18,116,101,115,116,95,102,114,111,122,101,110,109,97,105,
     110,46,112,121,218,8,60,109,111,100,117,108,101,62,114,18,
-    0,0,0,1,0,0,0,115,99,0,0,0,240,3,1,1,
+    0,0,0,1,0,0,0,115,94,0,0,0,240,3,1,1,
     1,243,8,0,1,11,219,0,24,225,0,5,208,6,26,212,
     0,27,217,0,5,128,106,144,35,151,40,145,40,212,0,27,
     216,9,26,215,9,38,210,9,38,211,9,40,168,24,209,9,
-    50,128,6,240,2,6,12,2,242,0,7,1,42,128,67,241,
-    14,0,5,10,136,71,144,67,144,53,152,2,152,54,160,35,
-    153,59,152,45,208,10,40,214,4,41,242,15,7,1,42,114,
-    16,0,0,0,
+    50,128,6,243,2,6,12,2,128,67,241,14,0,5,10,136,
+    71,144,67,144,53,152,2,152,54,160,35,153,59,152,45,208,
+    10,40,214,4,41,242,15,6,12,2,114,16,0,0,0,
 };
diff --git a/Python/Python-ast.c b/Python/Python-ast.c
index 7aa1c5119d8f28..38d74b48d232f8 100644
--- a/Python/Python-ast.c
+++ b/Python/Python-ast.c
@@ -6,7 +6,9 @@
 #include "pycore_ceval.h"         // _Py_EnterRecursiveCall
 #include "pycore_lock.h"          // _PyOnceFlag
 #include "pycore_interp.h"        // _PyInterpreterState.ast
+#include "pycore_modsupport.h"    // _PyArg_NoPositional()
 #include "pycore_pystate.h"       // _PyInterpreterState_GET()
+#include "pycore_setobject.h"     // _PySet_NextEntry(), _PySet_Update()
 #include "pycore_unionobject.h"   // _Py_union_type_or
 #include "structmember.h"
 #include <stddef.h>
@@ -17,7 +19,7 @@ struct validator {
 };
 
 // Forward declaration
-static int init_types(struct ast_state *state);
+static int init_types(void *arg);
 
 static struct ast_state*
 get_ast_state(void)
@@ -279,8 +281,6 @@ void _PyAST_Fini(PyInterpreterState *interp)
     Py_CLEAR(state->vararg);
     Py_CLEAR(state->withitem_type);
 
-    Py_CLEAR(_Py_INTERP_CACHED_OBJECT(interp, str_replace_inf));
-
     state->finalized = 1;
     state->once = (_PyOnceFlag){0};
 }
@@ -5042,8 +5042,9 @@ typedef struct {
 } AST_object;
 
 static void
-ast_dealloc(AST_object *self)
+ast_dealloc(PyObject *op)
 {
+    AST_object *self = (AST_object*)op;
     /* bpo-31095: UnTrack is needed before calling any callbacks */
     PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(self);
     PyObject_GC_UnTrack(self);
@@ -5055,16 +5056,18 @@ ast_dealloc(AST_object *self)
 }
 
 static int
-ast_traverse(AST_object *self, visitproc visit, void *arg)
+ast_traverse(PyObject *op, visitproc visit, void *arg)
 {
+    AST_object *self = (AST_object*)op;
     Py_VISIT(Py_TYPE(self));
     Py_VISIT(self->dict);
     return 0;
 }
 
 static int
-ast_clear(AST_object *self)
+ast_clear(PyObject *op)
 {
+    AST_object *self = (AST_object*)op;
     Py_CLEAR(self->dict);
     return 0;
 }
@@ -5079,7 +5082,7 @@ ast_type_init(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kw)
 
     Py_ssize_t i, numfields = 0;
     int res = -1;
-    PyObject *key, *value, *fields, *remaining_fields = NULL;
+    PyObject *key, *value, *fields, *attributes = NULL, *remaining_fields = NULL;
     if (PyObject_GetOptionalAttr((PyObject*)Py_TYPE(self), state->_fields, &fields) < 0) {
         goto cleanup;
     }
@@ -5146,22 +5149,32 @@ ast_type_init(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kw)
                     goto cleanup;
                 }
             }
-            else if (
-                PyUnicode_CompareWithASCIIString(key, "lineno") != 0 &&
-                PyUnicode_CompareWithASCIIString(key, "col_offset") != 0 &&
-                PyUnicode_CompareWithASCIIString(key, "end_lineno") != 0 &&
-                PyUnicode_CompareWithASCIIString(key, "end_col_offset") != 0
-            ) {
-                if (PyErr_WarnFormat(
-                    PyExc_DeprecationWarning, 1,
-                    "%.400s.__init__ got an unexpected keyword argument '%U'. "
-                    "Support for arbitrary keyword arguments is deprecated "
-                    "and will be removed in Python 3.15.",
-                    Py_TYPE(self)->tp_name, key
-                ) < 0) {
+            else {
+                // Lazily initialize "attributes"
+                if (attributes == NULL) {
+                    attributes = PyObject_GetAttr((PyObject*)Py_TYPE(self), state->_attributes);
+                    if (attributes == NULL) {
+                        res = -1;
+                        goto cleanup;
+                    }
+                }
+                int contains = PySequence_Contains(attributes, key);
+                if (contains == -1) {
                     res = -1;
                     goto cleanup;
                 }
+                else if (contains == 0) {
+                    if (PyErr_WarnFormat(
+                        PyExc_DeprecationWarning, 1,
+                        "%.400s.__init__ got an unexpected keyword argument '%U'. "
+                        "Support for arbitrary keyword arguments is deprecated "
+                        "and will be removed in Python 3.15.",
+                        Py_TYPE(self)->tp_name, key
+                    ) < 0) {
+                        res = -1;
+                        goto cleanup;
+                    }
+                }
             }
             res = PyObject_SetAttr(self, key, value);
             if (res < 0) {
@@ -5244,6 +5257,7 @@ ast_type_init(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kw)
         Py_DECREF(field_types);
     }
   cleanup:
+    Py_XDECREF(attributes);
     Py_XDECREF(fields);
     Py_XDECREF(remaining_fields);
     return res;
@@ -5263,17 +5277,22 @@ ast_type_reduce(PyObject *self, PyObject *unused)
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    PyObject *dict = NULL, *fields = NULL, *remaining_fields = NULL,
-             *remaining_dict = NULL, *positional_args = NULL;
+    PyObject *dict = NULL, *fields = NULL, *positional_args = NULL;
     if (PyObject_GetOptionalAttr(self, state->__dict__, &dict) < 0) {
         return NULL;
     }
     PyObject *result = NULL;
     if (dict) {
-        // Serialize the fields as positional args if possible, because if we
-        // serialize them as a dict, during unpickling they are set only *after*
-        // the object is constructed, which will now trigger a DeprecationWarning
-        // if the AST type has required fields.
+        // Unpickling (or copying) works as follows:
+        // - Construct the object with only positional arguments
+        // - Set the fields from the dict
+        // We have two constraints:
+        // - We must set all the required fields in the initial constructor call,
+        //   or the unpickling or deepcopying of the object will trigger DeprecationWarnings.
+        // - We must not include child nodes in the positional args, because
+        //   that may trigger runaway recursion during copying (gh-120108).
+        // To satisfy both constraints, we set all the fields to None in the
+        // initial list of positional args, and then set the fields from the dict.
         if (PyObject_GetOptionalAttr((PyObject*)Py_TYPE(self), state->_fields, &fields) < 0) {
             goto cleanup;
         }
@@ -5283,11 +5302,6 @@ ast_type_reduce(PyObject *self, PyObject *unused)
                 Py_DECREF(dict);
                 goto cleanup;
             }
-            remaining_dict = PyDict_Copy(dict);
-            Py_DECREF(dict);
-            if (!remaining_dict) {
-                goto cleanup;
-            }
             positional_args = PyList_New(0);
             if (!positional_args) {
                 goto cleanup;
@@ -5298,7 +5312,7 @@ ast_type_reduce(PyObject *self, PyObject *unused)
                     goto cleanup;
                 }
                 PyObject *value;
-                int rc = PyDict_Pop(remaining_dict, name, &value);
+                int rc = PyDict_GetItemRef(dict, name, &value);
                 Py_DECREF(name);
                 if (rc < 0) {
                     goto cleanup;
@@ -5306,7 +5320,7 @@ ast_type_reduce(PyObject *self, PyObject *unused)
                 if (!value) {
                     break;
                 }
-                rc = PyList_Append(positional_args, value);
+                rc = PyList_Append(positional_args, Py_None);
                 Py_DECREF(value);
                 if (rc < 0) {
                     goto cleanup;
@@ -5316,8 +5330,7 @@ ast_type_reduce(PyObject *self, PyObject *unused)
             if (!args_tuple) {
                 goto cleanup;
             }
-            result = Py_BuildValue("ONO", Py_TYPE(self), args_tuple,
-                                   remaining_dict);
+            result = Py_BuildValue("ONN", Py_TYPE(self), args_tuple, dict);
         }
         else {
             result = Py_BuildValue("O()N", Py_TYPE(self), dict);
@@ -5328,12 +5341,283 @@ ast_type_reduce(PyObject *self, PyObject *unused)
     }
 cleanup:
     Py_XDECREF(fields);
-    Py_XDECREF(remaining_fields);
-    Py_XDECREF(remaining_dict);
     Py_XDECREF(positional_args);
     return result;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Perform the following validations:
+ *
+ *   - All keyword arguments are known 'fields' or 'attributes'.
+ *   - No field or attribute would be left unfilled after copy.replace().
+ *
+ * On success, this returns 1. Otherwise, set a TypeError
+ * exception and returns -1 (no exception is set if some
+ * other internal errors occur).
+ *
+ * Parameters
+ *
+ *      self          The AST node instance.
+ *      dict          The AST node instance dictionary (self.__dict__).
+ *      fields        The list of fields (self._fields).
+ *      attributes    The list of attributes (self._attributes).
+ *      kwargs        Keyword arguments passed to ast_type_replace().
+ *
+ * The 'dict', 'fields', 'attributes' and 'kwargs' arguments can be NULL.
+ *
+ * Note: this function can be removed in 3.15 since the verification
+ *       will be done inside the constructor.
+ */
+static inline int
+ast_type_replace_check(PyObject *self,
+                       PyObject *dict,
+                       PyObject *fields,
+                       PyObject *attributes,
+                       PyObject *kwargs)
+{
+    // While it is possible to make some fast paths that would avoid
+    // allocating objects on the stack, this would cost us readability.
+    // For instance, if 'fields' and 'attributes' are both empty, and
+    // 'kwargs' is not empty, we could raise a TypeError immediately.
+    PyObject *expecting = PySet_New(fields);
+    if (expecting == NULL) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    if (attributes) {
+        if (_PySet_Update(expecting, attributes) < 0) {
+            Py_DECREF(expecting);
+            return -1;
+        }
+    }
+    // Any keyword argument that is neither a field nor attribute is rejected.
+    // We first need to check whether a keyword argument is accepted or not.
+    // If all keyword arguments are accepted, we compute the required fields
+    // and attributes. A field or attribute is not needed if:
+    //
+    //  1) it is given in 'kwargs', or
+    //  2) it already exists on 'self'.
+    if (kwargs) {
+        Py_ssize_t pos = 0;
+        PyObject *key, *value;
+        while (PyDict_Next(kwargs, &pos, &key, &value)) {
+            int rc = PySet_Discard(expecting, key);
+            if (rc < 0) {
+                Py_DECREF(expecting);
+                return -1;
+            }
+            if (rc == 0) {
+                PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
+                             "%.400s.__replace__ got an unexpected keyword "
+                             "argument '%U'.", Py_TYPE(self)->tp_name, key);
+                Py_DECREF(expecting);
+                return -1;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    // check that the remaining fields or attributes would be filled
+    if (dict) {
+        Py_ssize_t pos = 0;
+        PyObject *key, *value;
+        while (PyDict_Next(dict, &pos, &key, &value)) {
+            // Mark fields or attributes that are found on the instance
+            // as non-mandatory. If they are not given in 'kwargs', they
+            // will be shallow-coied; otherwise, they would be replaced
+            // (not in this function).
+            if (PySet_Discard(expecting, key) < 0) {
+                Py_DECREF(expecting);
+                return -1;
+            }
+        }
+        if (attributes) {
+            // Some attributes may or may not be present at runtime.
+            // In particular, now that we checked whether 'kwargs'
+            // is correct or not, we allow any attribute to be missing.
+            //
+            // Note that fields must still be entirely determined when
+            // calling the constructor later.
+            PyObject *unused = PyObject_CallMethodOneArg(expecting,
+                                                         &_Py_ID(difference_update),
+                                                         attributes);
+            if (unused == NULL) {
+                Py_DECREF(expecting);
+                return -1;
+            }
+            Py_DECREF(unused);
+        }
+    }
+    // Now 'expecting' contains the fields or attributes
+    // that would not be filled inside ast_type_replace().
+    Py_ssize_t m = PySet_GET_SIZE(expecting);
+    if (m > 0) {
+        PyObject *names = PyList_New(m);
+        if (names == NULL) {
+            Py_DECREF(expecting);
+            return -1;
+        }
+        Py_ssize_t i = 0, pos = 0;
+        PyObject *item;
+        Py_hash_t hash;
+        while (_PySet_NextEntry(expecting, &pos, &item, &hash)) {
+            PyObject *name = PyObject_Repr(item);
+            if (name == NULL) {
+                Py_DECREF(expecting);
+                Py_DECREF(names);
+                return -1;
+            }
+            // steal the reference 'name'
+            PyList_SET_ITEM(names, i++, name);
+        }
+        Py_DECREF(expecting);
+        if (PyList_Sort(names) < 0) {
+            Py_DECREF(names);
+            return -1;
+        }
+        PyObject *sep = PyUnicode_FromString(", ");
+        if (sep == NULL) {
+            Py_DECREF(names);
+            return -1;
+        }
+        PyObject *str_names = PyUnicode_Join(sep, names);
+        Py_DECREF(sep);
+        Py_DECREF(names);
+        if (str_names == NULL) {
+            return -1;
+        }
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
+                     "%.400s.__replace__ missing %ld keyword argument%s: %U.",
+                     Py_TYPE(self)->tp_name, m, m == 1 ? "" : "s", str_names);
+        Py_DECREF(str_names);
+        return -1;
+    }
+    else {
+        Py_DECREF(expecting);
+        return 1;
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Python equivalent:
+ *
+ *   for key in keys:
+ *       if hasattr(self, key):
+ *           payload[key] = getattr(self, key)
+ *
+ * The 'keys' argument is a sequence corresponding to
+ * the '_fields' or the '_attributes' of an AST node.
+ *
+ * This returns -1 if an error occurs and 0 otherwise.
+ *
+ * Parameters
+ *
+ *      payload   A dictionary to fill.
+ *      keys      A sequence of keys or NULL for an empty sequence.
+ *      dict      The AST node instance dictionary (must not be NULL).
+ */
+static inline int
+ast_type_replace_update_payload(PyObject *payload,
+                                PyObject *keys,
+                                PyObject *dict)
+{
+    assert(dict != NULL);
+    if (keys == NULL) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    Py_ssize_t n = PySequence_Size(keys);
+    if (n == -1) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        PyObject *key = PySequence_GetItem(keys, i);
+        if (key == NULL) {
+            return -1;
+        }
+        PyObject *value;
+        if (PyDict_GetItemRef(dict, key, &value) < 0) {
+            Py_DECREF(key);
+            return -1;
+        }
+        if (value == NULL) {
+            Py_DECREF(key);
+            // If a field or attribute is not present at runtime, it should
+            // be explicitly given in 'kwargs'. If not, the constructor will
+            // issue a warning (which becomes an error in 3.15).
+            continue;
+        }
+        int rc = PyDict_SetItem(payload, key, value);
+        Py_DECREF(key);
+        Py_DECREF(value);
+        if (rc < 0) {
+            return -1;
+        }
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/* copy.replace() support (shallow copy) */
+static PyObject *
+ast_type_replace(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
+{
+    if (!_PyArg_NoPositional("__replace__", args)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    struct ast_state *state = get_ast_state();
+    if (state == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    PyObject *result = NULL;
+    // known AST class fields and attributes
+    PyObject *fields = NULL, *attributes = NULL;
+    // current instance dictionary
+    PyObject *dict = NULL;
+    // constructor positional and keyword arguments
+    PyObject *empty_tuple = NULL, *payload = NULL;
+
+    PyObject *type = (PyObject *)Py_TYPE(self);
+    if (PyObject_GetOptionalAttr(type, state->_fields, &fields) < 0) {
+        goto cleanup;
+    }
+    if (PyObject_GetOptionalAttr(type, state->_attributes, &attributes) < 0) {
+        goto cleanup;
+    }
+    if (PyObject_GetOptionalAttr(self, state->__dict__, &dict) < 0) {
+        goto cleanup;
+    }
+    if (ast_type_replace_check(self, dict, fields, attributes, kwargs) < 0) {
+        goto cleanup;
+    }
+    empty_tuple = PyTuple_New(0);
+    if (empty_tuple == NULL) {
+        goto cleanup;
+    }
+    payload = PyDict_New();
+    if (payload == NULL) {
+        goto cleanup;
+    }
+    if (dict) { // in case __dict__ is missing (for some obscure reason)
+        // copy the instance's fields (possibly NULL)
+        if (ast_type_replace_update_payload(payload, fields, dict) < 0) {
+            goto cleanup;
+        }
+        // copy the instance's attributes (possibly NULL)
+        if (ast_type_replace_update_payload(payload, attributes, dict) < 0) {
+            goto cleanup;
+        }
+    }
+    if (kwargs && PyDict_Update(payload, kwargs) < 0) {
+        goto cleanup;
+    }
+    result = PyObject_Call(type, empty_tuple, payload);
+cleanup:
+    Py_XDECREF(payload);
+    Py_XDECREF(empty_tuple);
+    Py_XDECREF(dict);
+    Py_XDECREF(attributes);
+    Py_XDECREF(fields);
+    return result;
+}
+
 static PyMemberDef ast_type_members[] = {
     {"__dictoffset__", Py_T_PYSSIZET, offsetof(AST_object, dict), Py_READONLY},
     {NULL}  /* Sentinel */
@@ -5341,6 +5625,10 @@ static PyMemberDef ast_type_members[] = {
 
 static PyMethodDef ast_type_methods[] = {
     {"__reduce__", ast_type_reduce, METH_NOARGS, NULL},
+    {"__replace__", _PyCFunction_CAST(ast_type_replace), METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS,
+     PyDoc_STR("__replace__($self, /, **fields)\n--\n\n"
+               "Return a copy of the AST node with new values "
+               "for the specified fields.")},
     {NULL}
 };
 
@@ -5349,8 +5637,229 @@ static PyGetSetDef ast_type_getsets[] = {
     {NULL}
 };
 
+static PyObject *
+ast_repr_max_depth(AST_object *self, int depth);
+
+/* Format list and tuple properties of AST nodes.
+   Note that, only the first and last elements are shown.
+   Anything in between is represented with an ellipsis ('...').
+   For example, the list [1, 2, 3] is formatted as
+   'List(elts=[Constant(1), ..., Constant(3)])'. */
+static PyObject *
+ast_repr_list(PyObject *list, int depth)
+{
+    assert(PyList_Check(list) || PyTuple_Check(list));
+
+    struct ast_state *state = get_ast_state();
+    if (state == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    Py_ssize_t length = PySequence_Size(list);
+    if (length < 0) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    else if (length == 0) {
+        return PyObject_Repr(list);
+    }
+
+    _PyUnicodeWriter writer;
+    _PyUnicodeWriter_Init(&writer);
+    writer.overallocate = 1;
+    PyObject *items[2] = {NULL, NULL};
+
+    items[0] = PySequence_GetItem(list, 0);
+    if (!items[0]) {
+        goto error;
+    }
+    if (length > 1) {
+        items[1] = PySequence_GetItem(list, length - 1);
+        if (!items[1]) {
+            goto error;
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool is_list = PyList_Check(list);
+    if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar(&writer, is_list ? '[' : '(') < 0) {
+        goto error;
+    }
+
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < Py_MIN(length, 2); i++) {
+        PyObject *item = items[i];
+        PyObject *item_repr;
+
+        if (PyType_IsSubtype(Py_TYPE(item), (PyTypeObject *)state->AST_type)) {
+            item_repr = ast_repr_max_depth((AST_object*)item, depth - 1);
+        } else {
+            item_repr = PyObject_Repr(item);
+        }
+        if (!item_repr) {
+            goto error;
+        }
+        if (i > 0) {
+            if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteASCIIString(&writer, ", ", 2) < 0) {
+                goto error;
+            }
+        }
+        if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteStr(&writer, item_repr) < 0) {
+            Py_DECREF(item_repr);
+            goto error;
+        }
+        if (i == 0 && length > 2) {
+            if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteASCIIString(&writer, ", ...", 5) < 0) {
+                Py_DECREF(item_repr);
+                goto error;
+            }
+        }
+        Py_DECREF(item_repr);
+    }
+
+    if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar(&writer, is_list ? ']' : ')') < 0) {
+        goto error;
+    }
+
+    Py_XDECREF(items[0]);
+    Py_XDECREF(items[1]);
+    return _PyUnicodeWriter_Finish(&writer);
+
+error:
+    Py_XDECREF(items[0]);
+    Py_XDECREF(items[1]);
+    _PyUnicodeWriter_Dealloc(&writer);
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+ast_repr_max_depth(AST_object *self, int depth)
+{
+    struct ast_state *state = get_ast_state();
+    if (state == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    if (depth <= 0) {
+        return PyUnicode_FromFormat("%s(...)", Py_TYPE(self)->tp_name);
+    }
+
+    int status = Py_ReprEnter((PyObject *)self);
+    if (status != 0) {
+        if (status < 0) {
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        return PyUnicode_FromFormat("%s(...)", Py_TYPE(self)->tp_name);
+    }
+
+    PyObject *fields;
+    if (PyObject_GetOptionalAttr((PyObject *)Py_TYPE(self), state->_fields, &fields) < 0) {
+        Py_ReprLeave((PyObject *)self);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    Py_ssize_t numfields = PySequence_Size(fields);
+    if (numfields < 0) {
+        Py_ReprLeave((PyObject *)self);
+        Py_DECREF(fields);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    if (numfields == 0) {
+        Py_ReprLeave((PyObject *)self);
+        Py_DECREF(fields);
+        return PyUnicode_FromFormat("%s()", Py_TYPE(self)->tp_name);
+    }
+
+    const char* tp_name = Py_TYPE(self)->tp_name;
+    _PyUnicodeWriter writer;
+    _PyUnicodeWriter_Init(&writer);
+    writer.overallocate = 1;
+
+    if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteASCIIString(&writer, tp_name, strlen(tp_name)) < 0) {
+        goto error;
+    }
+    if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar(&writer, '(') < 0) {
+        goto error;
+    }
+
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < numfields; i++) {
+        PyObject *name = PySequence_GetItem(fields, i);
+        if (!name) {
+            goto error;
+        }
+
+        PyObject *value = PyObject_GetAttr((PyObject *)self, name);
+        if (!value) {
+            Py_DECREF(name);
+            goto error;
+        }
+
+        PyObject *value_repr;
+        if (PyList_Check(value) || PyTuple_Check(value)) {
+            value_repr = ast_repr_list(value, depth);
+        }
+        else if (PyType_IsSubtype(Py_TYPE(value), (PyTypeObject *)state->AST_type)) {
+            value_repr = ast_repr_max_depth((AST_object*)value, depth - 1);
+        }
+        else {
+            value_repr = PyObject_Repr(value);
+        }
+
+        Py_DECREF(value);
+
+        if (!value_repr) {
+            Py_DECREF(name);
+            goto error;
+        }
+
+        if (i > 0) {
+            if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteASCIIString(&writer, ", ", 2) < 0) {
+                Py_DECREF(name);
+                Py_DECREF(value_repr);
+                goto error;
+            }
+        }
+        if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteStr(&writer, name) < 0) {
+            Py_DECREF(name);
+            Py_DECREF(value_repr);
+            goto error;
+        }
+
+        Py_DECREF(name);
+
+        if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar(&writer, '=') < 0) {
+            Py_DECREF(value_repr);
+            goto error;
+        }
+        if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteStr(&writer, value_repr) < 0) {
+            Py_DECREF(value_repr);
+            goto error;
+        }
+
+        Py_DECREF(value_repr);
+    }
+
+    if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar(&writer, ')') < 0) {
+        goto error;
+    }
+    Py_ReprLeave((PyObject *)self);
+    Py_DECREF(fields);
+    return _PyUnicodeWriter_Finish(&writer);
+
+error:
+    Py_ReprLeave((PyObject *)self);
+    Py_DECREF(fields);
+    _PyUnicodeWriter_Dealloc(&writer);
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+ast_repr(PyObject *self)
+{
+    return ast_repr_max_depth((AST_object*)self, 3);
+}
+
 static PyType_Slot AST_type_slots[] = {
     {Py_tp_dealloc, ast_dealloc},
+    {Py_tp_repr, ast_repr},
     {Py_tp_getattro, PyObject_GenericGetAttr},
     {Py_tp_setattro, PyObject_GenericSetAttr},
     {Py_tp_traverse, ast_traverse},
@@ -5538,8 +6047,9 @@ static int add_ast_fields(struct ast_state *state)
 
 
 static int
-init_types(struct ast_state *state)
+init_types(void *arg)
 {
+    struct ast_state *state = arg;
     if (init_identifiers(state) < 0) {
         return -1;
     }
diff --git a/Python/Python-tokenize.c b/Python/Python-tokenize.c
index 09fad18b5b4df7..50ce83d18f6e73 100644
--- a/Python/Python-tokenize.c
+++ b/Python/Python-tokenize.c
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 #include "Python.h"
 #include "errcode.h"
+#include "internal/pycore_critical_section.h"   // Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION
 #include "../Parser/lexer/state.h"
 #include "../Parser/lexer/lexer.h"
 #include "../Parser/tokenizer/tokenizer.h"
-#include "../Parser/pegen.h"      // _PyPegen_byte_offset_to_character_offset()
+#include "../Parser/pegen.h"                    // _PyPegen_byte_offset_to_character_offset()
 
 static struct PyModuleDef _tokenizemodule;
 
@@ -36,6 +37,7 @@ typedef struct
     /* Needed to cache line for performance */
     PyObject *last_line;
     Py_ssize_t last_lineno;
+    Py_ssize_t last_end_lineno;
     Py_ssize_t byte_col_offset_diff;
 } tokenizeriterobject;
 
@@ -77,19 +79,22 @@ tokenizeriter_new_impl(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *readline,
     self->last_line = NULL;
     self->byte_col_offset_diff = 0;
     self->last_lineno = 0;
+    self->last_end_lineno = 0;
 
     return (PyObject *)self;
 }
 
 static int
-_tokenizer_error(struct tok_state *tok)
+_tokenizer_error(tokenizeriterobject *it)
 {
+    _Py_CRITICAL_SECTION_ASSERT_OBJECT_LOCKED(it);
     if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
         return -1;
     }
 
     const char *msg = NULL;
     PyObject* errtype = PyExc_SyntaxError;
+    struct tok_state *tok = it->tok;
     switch (tok->done) {
         case E_TOKEN:
             msg = "invalid token";
@@ -175,17 +180,78 @@ _tokenizer_error(struct tok_state *tok)
     return result;
 }
 
+static PyObject *
+_get_current_line(tokenizeriterobject *it, const char *line_start, Py_ssize_t size,
+                  int *line_changed)
+{
+    _Py_CRITICAL_SECTION_ASSERT_OBJECT_LOCKED(it);
+    PyObject *line;
+    if (it->tok->lineno != it->last_lineno) {
+        // Line has changed since last token, so we fetch the new line and cache it
+        // in the iter object.
+        Py_XDECREF(it->last_line);
+        line = PyUnicode_DecodeUTF8(line_start, size, "replace");
+        it->last_line = line;
+        it->byte_col_offset_diff = 0;
+    }
+    else {
+        line = it->last_line;
+        *line_changed = 0;
+    }
+    return line;
+}
+
+static void
+_get_col_offsets(tokenizeriterobject *it, struct token token, const char *line_start,
+                 PyObject *line, int line_changed, Py_ssize_t lineno, Py_ssize_t end_lineno,
+                 Py_ssize_t *col_offset, Py_ssize_t *end_col_offset)
+{
+    _Py_CRITICAL_SECTION_ASSERT_OBJECT_LOCKED(it);
+    Py_ssize_t byte_offset = -1;
+    if (token.start != NULL && token.start >= line_start) {
+        byte_offset = token.start - line_start;
+        if (line_changed) {
+            *col_offset = _PyPegen_byte_offset_to_character_offset_line(line, 0, byte_offset);
+            it->byte_col_offset_diff = byte_offset - *col_offset;
+        }
+        else {
+            *col_offset = byte_offset - it->byte_col_offset_diff;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (token.end != NULL && token.end >= it->tok->line_start) {
+        Py_ssize_t end_byte_offset = token.end - it->tok->line_start;
+        if (lineno == end_lineno) {
+            // If the whole token is at the same line, we can just use the token.start
+            // buffer for figuring out the new column offset, since using line is not
+            // performant for very long lines.
+            Py_ssize_t token_col_offset = _PyPegen_byte_offset_to_character_offset_line(line, byte_offset, end_byte_offset);
+            *end_col_offset = *col_offset + token_col_offset;
+            it->byte_col_offset_diff += token.end - token.start - token_col_offset;
+        }
+        else {
+            *end_col_offset = _PyPegen_byte_offset_to_character_offset_raw(it->tok->line_start, end_byte_offset);
+            it->byte_col_offset_diff += end_byte_offset - *end_col_offset;
+        }
+    }
+    it->last_lineno = lineno;
+    it->last_end_lineno = end_lineno;
+}
+
 static PyObject *
 tokenizeriter_next(tokenizeriterobject *it)
 {
     PyObject* result = NULL;
+
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(it);
+
     struct token token;
     _PyToken_Init(&token);
 
     int type = _PyTokenizer_Get(it->tok, &token);
     if (type == ERRORTOKEN) {
         if(!PyErr_Occurred()) {
-            _tokenizer_error(it->tok);
+            _tokenizer_error(it);
             assert(PyErr_Occurred());
         }
         goto exit;
@@ -197,7 +263,7 @@ tokenizeriter_next(tokenizeriterobject *it)
     }
     PyObject *str = NULL;
     if (token.start == NULL || token.end == NULL) {
-        str = PyUnicode_FromString("");
+        str = Py_GetConstant(Py_CONSTANT_EMPTY_STR);
     }
     else {
         str = PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize(token.start, token.end - token.start);
@@ -213,25 +279,16 @@ tokenizeriter_next(tokenizeriterobject *it)
 
     const char *line_start = ISSTRINGLIT(type) ? it->tok->multi_line_start : it->tok->line_start;
     PyObject* line = NULL;
+    int line_changed = 1;
     if (it->tok->tok_extra_tokens && is_trailing_token) {
-        line = PyUnicode_FromString("");
+        line = Py_GetConstant(Py_CONSTANT_EMPTY_STR);
     } else {
         Py_ssize_t size = it->tok->inp - line_start;
         if (size >= 1 && it->tok->implicit_newline) {
             size -= 1;
         }
 
-        if (it->tok->lineno != it->last_lineno) {
-            // Line has changed since last token, so we fetch the new line and cache it
-            // in the iter object.
-            Py_XDECREF(it->last_line);
-            line = PyUnicode_DecodeUTF8(line_start, size, "replace");
-            it->last_line = line;
-            it->byte_col_offset_diff = 0;
-        } else {
-            // Line hasn't changed so we reuse the cached one.
-            line = it->last_line;
-        }
+        line = _get_current_line(it, line_start, size, &line_changed);
     }
     if (line == NULL) {
         Py_DECREF(str);
@@ -240,29 +297,10 @@ tokenizeriter_next(tokenizeriterobject *it)
 
     Py_ssize_t lineno = ISSTRINGLIT(type) ? it->tok->first_lineno : it->tok->lineno;
     Py_ssize_t end_lineno = it->tok->lineno;
-    it->last_lineno = lineno;
-
     Py_ssize_t col_offset = -1;
     Py_ssize_t end_col_offset = -1;
-    Py_ssize_t byte_offset = -1;
-    if (token.start != NULL && token.start >= line_start) {
-        byte_offset = token.start - line_start;
-        col_offset = byte_offset - it->byte_col_offset_diff;
-    }
-    if (token.end != NULL && token.end >= it->tok->line_start) {
-        Py_ssize_t end_byte_offset = token.end - it->tok->line_start;
-        if (lineno == end_lineno) {
-            // If the whole token is at the same line, we can just use the token.start
-            // buffer for figuring out the new column offset, since using line is not
-            // performant for very long lines.
-            Py_ssize_t token_col_offset = _PyPegen_byte_offset_to_character_offset_line(line, byte_offset, end_byte_offset);
-            end_col_offset = col_offset + token_col_offset;
-            it->byte_col_offset_diff += token.end - token.start - token_col_offset;
-        } else {
-            end_col_offset = _PyPegen_byte_offset_to_character_offset_raw(it->tok->line_start, end_byte_offset);
-            it->byte_col_offset_diff += end_byte_offset - end_col_offset;
-        }
-    }
+    _get_col_offsets(it, token, line_start, line, line_changed,
+                     lineno, end_lineno, &col_offset, &end_col_offset);
 
     if (it->tok->tok_extra_tokens) {
         if (is_trailing_token) {
@@ -288,7 +326,7 @@ tokenizeriter_next(tokenizeriterobject *it)
         else if (type == NL) {
             if (it->tok->implicit_newline) {
                 Py_DECREF(str);
-                str = PyUnicode_FromString("");
+                str = Py_GetConstant(Py_CONSTANT_EMPTY_STR);
             }
         }
 
@@ -304,6 +342,8 @@ tokenizeriter_next(tokenizeriterobject *it)
     if (type == ENDMARKER) {
         it->done = 1;
     }
+
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
     return result;
 }
 
diff --git a/Python/_warnings.c b/Python/_warnings.c
index 17404d33c1cc9b..3f9e73b5376223 100644
--- a/Python/_warnings.c
+++ b/Python/_warnings.c
@@ -704,9 +704,9 @@ warn_explicit(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *category, PyObject *message,
     }
 
     /* Store in the registry that we've been here, *except* when the action
-       is "always". */
+       is "always" or "all". */
     rc = 0;
-    if (!_PyUnicode_EqualToASCIIString(action, "always")) {
+    if (!_PyUnicode_EqualToASCIIString(action, "always") && !_PyUnicode_EqualToASCIIString(action, "all")) {
         if (registry != NULL && registry != Py_None &&
             PyDict_SetItem(registry, key, Py_True) < 0)
         {
diff --git a/Python/asm_trampoline.S b/Python/asm_trampoline.S
index 460707717df003..0a3265dfeee204 100644
--- a/Python/asm_trampoline.S
+++ b/Python/asm_trampoline.S
@@ -22,6 +22,14 @@ _Py_trampoline_func_start:
     blr     x3
     ldp     x29, x30, [sp], 16
     ret
+#endif
+#ifdef __riscv
+    addi    sp,sp,-16
+    sd      ra,8(sp)
+    jalr    a3
+    ld      ra,8(sp)
+    addi    sp,sp,16
+    jr      ra
 #endif
     .globl	_Py_trampoline_func_end
 _Py_trampoline_func_end:
diff --git a/Python/assemble.c b/Python/assemble.c
index 945c8ac39f53ac..f7b88b519f5f71 100644
--- a/Python/assemble.c
+++ b/Python/assemble.c
@@ -369,17 +369,17 @@ write_instr(_Py_CODEUNIT *codestr, instruction *instr, int ilen)
             codestr->op.code = EXTENDED_ARG;
             codestr->op.arg = (oparg >> 24) & 0xFF;
             codestr++;
-            /* fall through */
+            _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
         case 3:
             codestr->op.code = EXTENDED_ARG;
             codestr->op.arg = (oparg >> 16) & 0xFF;
             codestr++;
-            /* fall through */
+            _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
         case 2:
             codestr->op.code = EXTENDED_ARG;
             codestr->op.arg = (oparg >> 8) & 0xFF;
             codestr++;
-            /* fall through */
+            _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
         case 1:
             codestr->op.code = opcode;
             codestr->op.arg = oparg & 0xFF;
diff --git a/Python/ast.c b/Python/ast.c
index 1d1a48ec885686..bf1ff5f3ec18ba 100644
--- a/Python/ast.c
+++ b/Python/ast.c
@@ -14,6 +14,20 @@ struct validator {
     int recursion_limit;            /* recursion limit */
 };
 
+#define ENTER_RECURSIVE(ST) \
+    do { \
+        if (++(ST)->recursion_depth > (ST)->recursion_limit) { \
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RecursionError, \
+                "maximum recursion depth exceeded during compilation"); \
+            return 0; \
+        } \
+    } while(0)
+
+#define LEAVE_RECURSIVE(ST) \
+    do { \
+        --(ST)->recursion_depth; \
+    } while(0)
+
 static int validate_stmts(struct validator *, asdl_stmt_seq *);
 static int validate_exprs(struct validator *, asdl_expr_seq *, expr_context_ty, int);
 static int validate_patterns(struct validator *, asdl_pattern_seq *, int);
@@ -166,11 +180,7 @@ validate_constant(struct validator *state, PyObject *value)
         return 1;
 
     if (PyTuple_CheckExact(value) || PyFrozenSet_CheckExact(value)) {
-        if (++state->recursion_depth > state->recursion_limit) {
-            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RecursionError,
-                            "maximum recursion depth exceeded during compilation");
-            return 0;
-        }
+        ENTER_RECURSIVE(state);
 
         PyObject *it = PyObject_GetIter(value);
         if (it == NULL)
@@ -195,7 +205,7 @@ validate_constant(struct validator *state, PyObject *value)
         }
 
         Py_DECREF(it);
-        --state->recursion_depth;
+        LEAVE_RECURSIVE(state);
         return 1;
     }
 
@@ -213,11 +223,7 @@ validate_expr(struct validator *state, expr_ty exp, expr_context_ty ctx)
     assert(!PyErr_Occurred());
     VALIDATE_POSITIONS(exp);
     int ret = -1;
-    if (++state->recursion_depth > state->recursion_limit) {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RecursionError,
-                        "maximum recursion depth exceeded during compilation");
-        return 0;
-    }
+    ENTER_RECURSIVE(state);
     int check_ctx = 1;
     expr_context_ty actual_ctx;
 
@@ -398,7 +404,7 @@ validate_expr(struct validator *state, expr_ty exp, expr_context_ty ctx)
         PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SystemError, "unexpected expression");
         ret = 0;
     }
-    state->recursion_depth--;
+    LEAVE_RECURSIVE(state);
     return ret;
 }
 
@@ -544,11 +550,7 @@ validate_pattern(struct validator *state, pattern_ty p, int star_ok)
     assert(!PyErr_Occurred());
     VALIDATE_POSITIONS(p);
     int ret = -1;
-    if (++state->recursion_depth > state->recursion_limit) {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RecursionError,
-                        "maximum recursion depth exceeded during compilation");
-        return 0;
-    }
+    ENTER_RECURSIVE(state);
     switch (p->kind) {
         case MatchValue_kind:
             ret = validate_pattern_match_value(state, p->v.MatchValue.value);
@@ -690,7 +692,7 @@ validate_pattern(struct validator *state, pattern_ty p, int star_ok)
         PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SystemError, "unexpected pattern");
         ret = 0;
     }
-    state->recursion_depth--;
+    LEAVE_RECURSIVE(state);
     return ret;
 }
 
@@ -725,11 +727,7 @@ validate_stmt(struct validator *state, stmt_ty stmt)
     assert(!PyErr_Occurred());
     VALIDATE_POSITIONS(stmt);
     int ret = -1;
-    if (++state->recursion_depth > state->recursion_limit) {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RecursionError,
-                        "maximum recursion depth exceeded during compilation");
-        return 0;
-    }
+    ENTER_RECURSIVE(state);
     switch (stmt->kind) {
     case FunctionDef_kind:
         ret = validate_body(state, stmt->v.FunctionDef.body, "FunctionDef") &&
@@ -946,7 +944,7 @@ validate_stmt(struct validator *state, stmt_ty stmt)
         PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SystemError, "unexpected statement");
         ret = 0;
     }
-    state->recursion_depth--;
+    LEAVE_RECURSIVE(state);
     return ret;
 }
 
diff --git a/Python/ast_opt.c b/Python/ast_opt.c
index 41e906c66e8eec..01e208b88eca8b 100644
--- a/Python/ast_opt.c
+++ b/Python/ast_opt.c
@@ -15,6 +15,19 @@ typedef struct {
     int recursion_limit;            /* recursion limit */
 } _PyASTOptimizeState;
 
+#define ENTER_RECURSIVE(ST) \
+    do { \
+        if (++(ST)->recursion_depth > (ST)->recursion_limit) { \
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RecursionError, \
+                "maximum recursion depth exceeded during compilation"); \
+            return 0; \
+        } \
+    } while(0)
+
+#define LEAVE_RECURSIVE(ST) \
+    do { \
+        --(ST)->recursion_depth; \
+    } while(0)
 
 static int
 make_const(expr_ty node, PyObject *val, PyArena *arena)
@@ -156,11 +169,10 @@ safe_multiply(PyObject *v, PyObject *w)
     if (PyLong_Check(v) && PyLong_Check(w) &&
         !_PyLong_IsZero((PyLongObject *)v) && !_PyLong_IsZero((PyLongObject *)w)
     ) {
-        size_t vbits = _PyLong_NumBits(v);
-        size_t wbits = _PyLong_NumBits(w);
-        if (vbits == (size_t)-1 || wbits == (size_t)-1) {
-            return NULL;
-        }
+        int64_t vbits = _PyLong_NumBits(v);
+        int64_t wbits = _PyLong_NumBits(w);
+        assert(vbits >= 0);
+        assert(wbits >= 0);
         if (vbits + wbits > MAX_INT_SIZE) {
             return NULL;
         }
@@ -202,12 +214,13 @@ safe_power(PyObject *v, PyObject *w)
     if (PyLong_Check(v) && PyLong_Check(w) &&
         !_PyLong_IsZero((PyLongObject *)v) && _PyLong_IsPositive((PyLongObject *)w)
     ) {
-        size_t vbits = _PyLong_NumBits(v);
+        int64_t vbits = _PyLong_NumBits(v);
         size_t wbits = PyLong_AsSize_t(w);
-        if (vbits == (size_t)-1 || wbits == (size_t)-1) {
+        assert(vbits >= 0);
+        if (wbits == (size_t)-1) {
             return NULL;
         }
-        if (vbits > MAX_INT_SIZE / wbits) {
+        if ((uint64_t)vbits > MAX_INT_SIZE / wbits) {
             return NULL;
         }
     }
@@ -221,12 +234,13 @@ safe_lshift(PyObject *v, PyObject *w)
     if (PyLong_Check(v) && PyLong_Check(w) &&
         !_PyLong_IsZero((PyLongObject *)v) && !_PyLong_IsZero((PyLongObject *)w)
     ) {
-        size_t vbits = _PyLong_NumBits(v);
+        int64_t vbits = _PyLong_NumBits(v);
         size_t wbits = PyLong_AsSize_t(w);
-        if (vbits == (size_t)-1 || wbits == (size_t)-1) {
+        assert(vbits >= 0);
+        if (wbits == (size_t)-1) {
             return NULL;
         }
-        if (wbits > MAX_INT_SIZE || vbits > MAX_INT_SIZE - wbits) {
+        if (wbits > MAX_INT_SIZE || (uint64_t)vbits > MAX_INT_SIZE - wbits) {
             return NULL;
         }
     }
@@ -273,10 +287,9 @@ parse_literal(PyObject *fmt, Py_ssize_t *ppos, PyArena *arena)
     PyObject *str = PyUnicode_Substring(fmt, start, pos);
     /* str = str.replace('%%', '%') */
     if (str && has_percents) {
-        _Py_DECLARE_STR(percent, "%");
         _Py_DECLARE_STR(dbl_percent, "%%");
         Py_SETREF(str, PyUnicode_Replace(str, &_Py_STR(dbl_percent),
-                                         &_Py_STR(percent), -1));
+                                         _Py_LATIN1_CHR('%'), -1));
     }
     if (!str) {
         return NULL;
@@ -522,7 +535,7 @@ fold_binop(expr_ty node, PyArena *arena, _PyASTOptimizeState *state)
 static PyObject*
 make_const_tuple(asdl_expr_seq *elts)
 {
-    for (int i = 0; i < asdl_seq_LEN(elts); i++) {
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < asdl_seq_LEN(elts); i++) {
         expr_ty e = (expr_ty)asdl_seq_GET(elts, i);
         if (e->kind != Constant_kind) {
             return NULL;
@@ -534,7 +547,7 @@ make_const_tuple(asdl_expr_seq *elts)
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    for (int i = 0; i < asdl_seq_LEN(elts); i++) {
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < asdl_seq_LEN(elts); i++) {
         expr_ty e = (expr_ty)asdl_seq_GET(elts, i);
         PyObject *v = e->v.Constant.value;
         PyTuple_SET_ITEM(newval, i, Py_NewRef(v));
@@ -651,7 +664,7 @@ static int astfold_type_param(type_param_ty node_, PyArena *ctx_, _PyASTOptimize
         return 0;
 
 #define CALL_SEQ(FUNC, TYPE, ARG) { \
-    int i; \
+    Py_ssize_t i; \
     asdl_ ## TYPE ## _seq *seq = (ARG); /* avoid variable capture */ \
     for (i = 0; i < asdl_seq_LEN(seq); i++) { \
         TYPE ## _ty elt = (TYPE ## _ty)asdl_seq_GET(seq, i); \
@@ -661,10 +674,31 @@ static int astfold_type_param(type_param_ty node_, PyArena *ctx_, _PyASTOptimize
 }
 
 
+static int
+stmt_seq_remove_item(asdl_stmt_seq *stmts, Py_ssize_t idx)
+{
+    if (idx >= asdl_seq_LEN(stmts)) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = idx; i < asdl_seq_LEN(stmts) - 1; i++) {
+        stmt_ty st = (stmt_ty)asdl_seq_GET(stmts, i+1);
+        asdl_seq_SET(stmts, i, st);
+    }
+    stmts->size--;
+    return 1;
+}
+
 static int
 astfold_body(asdl_stmt_seq *stmts, PyArena *ctx_, _PyASTOptimizeState *state)
 {
     int docstring = _PyAST_GetDocString(stmts) != NULL;
+    if (docstring && (state->optimize >= 2)) {
+        /* remove the docstring */
+        if (!stmt_seq_remove_item(stmts, 0)) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+        docstring = 0;
+    }
     CALL_SEQ(astfold_stmt, stmt, stmts);
     if (!docstring && _PyAST_GetDocString(stmts) != NULL) {
         stmt_ty st = (stmt_ty)asdl_seq_GET(stmts, 0);
@@ -709,11 +743,7 @@ astfold_mod(mod_ty node_, PyArena *ctx_, _PyASTOptimizeState *state)
 static int
 astfold_expr(expr_ty node_, PyArena *ctx_, _PyASTOptimizeState *state)
 {
-    if (++state->recursion_depth > state->recursion_limit) {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RecursionError,
-                        "maximum recursion depth exceeded during compilation");
-        return 0;
-    }
+    ENTER_RECURSIVE(state);
     switch (node_->kind) {
     case BoolOp_kind:
         CALL_SEQ(astfold_expr, expr, node_->v.BoolOp.values);
@@ -812,7 +842,7 @@ astfold_expr(expr_ty node_, PyArena *ctx_, _PyASTOptimizeState *state)
     case Name_kind:
         if (node_->v.Name.ctx == Load &&
                 _PyUnicode_EqualToASCIIString(node_->v.Name.id, "__debug__")) {
-            state->recursion_depth--;
+            LEAVE_RECURSIVE(state);
             return make_const(node_, PyBool_FromLong(!state->optimize), ctx_);
         }
         break;
@@ -825,7 +855,7 @@ astfold_expr(expr_ty node_, PyArena *ctx_, _PyASTOptimizeState *state)
     // No default case, so the compiler will emit a warning if new expression
     // kinds are added without being handled here
     }
-    state->recursion_depth--;
+    LEAVE_RECURSIVE(state);;
     return 1;
 }
 
@@ -872,11 +902,7 @@ astfold_arg(arg_ty node_, PyArena *ctx_, _PyASTOptimizeState *state)
 static int
 astfold_stmt(stmt_ty node_, PyArena *ctx_, _PyASTOptimizeState *state)
 {
-    if (++state->recursion_depth > state->recursion_limit) {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RecursionError,
-                        "maximum recursion depth exceeded during compilation");
-        return 0;
-    }
+    ENTER_RECURSIVE(state);
     switch (node_->kind) {
     case FunctionDef_kind:
         CALL_SEQ(astfold_type_param, type_param, node_->v.FunctionDef.type_params);
@@ -1000,7 +1026,7 @@ astfold_stmt(stmt_ty node_, PyArena *ctx_, _PyASTOptimizeState *state)
     // No default case, so the compiler will emit a warning if new statement
     // kinds are added without being handled here
     }
-    state->recursion_depth--;
+    LEAVE_RECURSIVE(state);
     return 1;
 }
 
@@ -1032,11 +1058,7 @@ astfold_pattern(pattern_ty node_, PyArena *ctx_, _PyASTOptimizeState *state)
     // Currently, this is really only used to form complex/negative numeric
     // constants in MatchValue and MatchMapping nodes
     // We still recurse into all subexpressions and subpatterns anyway
-    if (++state->recursion_depth > state->recursion_limit) {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RecursionError,
-                        "maximum recursion depth exceeded during compilation");
-        return 0;
-    }
+    ENTER_RECURSIVE(state);
     switch (node_->kind) {
         case MatchValue_kind:
             CALL(astfold_expr, expr_ty, node_->v.MatchValue.value);
@@ -1068,7 +1090,7 @@ astfold_pattern(pattern_ty node_, PyArena *ctx_, _PyASTOptimizeState *state)
     // No default case, so the compiler will emit a warning if new pattern
     // kinds are added without being handled here
     }
-    state->recursion_depth--;
+    LEAVE_RECURSIVE(state);
     return 1;
 }
 
@@ -1087,10 +1109,13 @@ astfold_type_param(type_param_ty node_, PyArena *ctx_, _PyASTOptimizeState *stat
     switch (node_->kind) {
         case TypeVar_kind:
             CALL_OPT(astfold_expr, expr_ty, node_->v.TypeVar.bound);
+            CALL_OPT(astfold_expr, expr_ty, node_->v.TypeVar.default_value);
             break;
         case ParamSpec_kind:
+            CALL_OPT(astfold_expr, expr_ty, node_->v.ParamSpec.default_value);
             break;
         case TypeVarTuple_kind:
+            CALL_OPT(astfold_expr, expr_ty, node_->v.TypeVarTuple.default_value);
             break;
     }
     return 1;
diff --git a/Python/ast_unparse.c b/Python/ast_unparse.c
index 27c34008d4d5e6..8017cfc7fcf268 100644
--- a/Python/ast_unparse.c
+++ b/Python/ast_unparse.c
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 #include "pycore_ast.h"           // expr_ty
 #include "pycore_pystate.h"       // _PyInterpreterState_GET()
 #include "pycore_runtime.h"       // _Py_ID()
-#include <float.h>                // DBL_MAX_10_EXP
 #include <stdbool.h>
 
 /* This limited unparser is used to convert annotations back to strings
@@ -10,15 +9,9 @@
  * See ast.unparse for a full unparser (written in Python)
  */
 
-_Py_DECLARE_STR(open_br, "{");
 _Py_DECLARE_STR(dbl_open_br, "{{");
-_Py_DECLARE_STR(close_br, "}");
 _Py_DECLARE_STR(dbl_close_br, "}}");
 
-/* We would statically initialize this if doing so were simple enough. */
-#define _str_replace_inf(interp) \
-    _Py_INTERP_CACHED_OBJECT(interp, str_replace_inf)
-
 /* Forward declarations for recursion via helper functions. */
 static PyObject *
 expr_as_unicode(expr_ty e, int level);
@@ -80,13 +73,13 @@ append_repr(_PyUnicodeWriter *writer, PyObject *obj)
     }
 
     if ((PyFloat_CheckExact(obj) && isinf(PyFloat_AS_DOUBLE(obj))) ||
-       PyComplex_CheckExact(obj))
+        PyComplex_CheckExact(obj))
     {
-        PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
+        _Py_DECLARE_STR(str_replace_inf, "1e309");  // evaluates to inf
         PyObject *new_repr = PyUnicode_Replace(
             repr,
             &_Py_ID(inf),
-            _str_replace_inf(interp),
+            &_Py_STR(str_replace_inf),
             -1
         );
         Py_DECREF(repr);
@@ -580,11 +573,13 @@ escape_braces(PyObject *orig)
 {
     PyObject *temp;
     PyObject *result;
-    temp = PyUnicode_Replace(orig, &_Py_STR(open_br), &_Py_STR(dbl_open_br), -1);
+    temp = PyUnicode_Replace(orig, _Py_LATIN1_CHR('{'),
+                             &_Py_STR(dbl_open_br), -1);
     if (!temp) {
         return NULL;
     }
-    result = PyUnicode_Replace(temp, &_Py_STR(close_br), &_Py_STR(dbl_close_br), -1);
+    result = PyUnicode_Replace(temp, _Py_LATIN1_CHR('}'),
+                               &_Py_STR(dbl_close_br), -1);
     Py_DECREF(temp);
     return result;
 }
@@ -678,7 +673,7 @@ append_formattedvalue(_PyUnicodeWriter *writer, expr_ty e)
     if (!temp_fv_str) {
         return -1;
     }
-    if (PyUnicode_Find(temp_fv_str, &_Py_STR(open_br), 0, 1, 1) == 0) {
+    if (PyUnicode_Find(temp_fv_str, _Py_LATIN1_CHR('{'), 0, 1, 1) == 0) {
         /* Expression starts with a brace, split it with a space from the outer
            one. */
         outer_brace = "{ ";
@@ -918,20 +913,6 @@ append_ast_expr(_PyUnicodeWriter *writer, expr_ty e, int level)
     return -1;
 }
 
-static int
-maybe_init_static_strings(void)
-{
-    PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
-    if (_str_replace_inf(interp) == NULL) {
-        PyObject *tmp = PyUnicode_FromFormat("1e%d", 1 + DBL_MAX_10_EXP);
-        if (tmp == NULL) {
-            return -1;
-        }
-        _str_replace_inf(interp) = tmp;
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
 static PyObject *
 expr_as_unicode(expr_ty e, int level)
 {
@@ -939,9 +920,7 @@ expr_as_unicode(expr_ty e, int level)
     _PyUnicodeWriter_Init(&writer);
     writer.min_length = 256;
     writer.overallocate = 1;
-    if (-1 == maybe_init_static_strings() ||
-        -1 == append_ast_expr(&writer, e, level))
-    {
+    if (-1 == append_ast_expr(&writer, e, level)) {
         _PyUnicodeWriter_Dealloc(&writer);
         return NULL;
     }
diff --git a/Python/bltinmodule.c b/Python/bltinmodule.c
index 0f0683bced9778..3797ff05fc302f 100644
--- a/Python/bltinmodule.c
+++ b/Python/bltinmodule.c
@@ -869,18 +869,17 @@ builtin_compile_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *source, PyObject *filename,
         goto error;
 
 #ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
-    // gh-118527: Disable immortalization of code constants for explicit
+    // Disable immortalization of code constants for explicit
     // compile() calls to get consistent frozen outputs between the default
     // and free-threaded builds.
-    // Subtract two to suppress immortalization (so that 1 -> -1)
-    PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
-    _Py_atomic_add_int(&interp->gc.immortalize, -2);
+    _PyThreadStateImpl *tstate = (_PyThreadStateImpl *)_PyThreadState_GET();
+    tstate->suppress_co_const_immortalization++;
 #endif
 
     result = Py_CompileStringObject(str, filename, start[compile_mode], &cf, optimize);
 
 #ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
-    _Py_atomic_add_int(&interp->gc.immortalize, 2);
+    tstate->suppress_co_const_immortalization--;
 #endif
 
     Py_XDECREF(source_copy);
@@ -1028,7 +1027,16 @@ builtin_eval_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *source, PyObject *globals,
             str++;
 
         (void)PyEval_MergeCompilerFlags(&cf);
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+        // Don't immortalize code constants for explicit eval() calls
+        // to avoid memory leaks.
+        _PyThreadStateImpl *tstate = (_PyThreadStateImpl *)_PyThreadState_GET();
+        tstate->suppress_co_const_immortalization++;
+#endif
         result = PyRun_StringFlags(str, Py_eval_input, globals, locals, &cf);
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+        tstate->suppress_co_const_immortalization--;
+#endif
         Py_XDECREF(source_copy);
     }
 
@@ -1481,7 +1489,7 @@ static PyMethodDef map_methods[] = {
 
 
 PyDoc_STRVAR(map_doc,
-"map(function, /, *iterables)\n\
+"map(function, iterable, /, *iterables)\n\
 --\n\
 \n\
 Make an iterator that computes the function using arguments from\n\
@@ -2533,6 +2541,49 @@ Without arguments, equivalent to locals().\n\
 With an argument, equivalent to object.__dict__.");
 
 
+/* Improved Kahan–Babuška algorithm by Arnold Neumaier
+   Neumaier, A. (1974), Rundungsfehleranalyse einiger Verfahren
+   zur Summation endlicher Summen.  Z. angew. Math. Mech.,
+   54: 39-51. https://doi.org/10.1002/zamm.19740540106
+   https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kahan_summation_algorithm#Further_enhancements
+ */
+
+typedef struct {
+    double hi;     /* high-order bits for a running sum */
+    double lo;     /* a running compensation for lost low-order bits */
+} CompensatedSum;
+
+static inline CompensatedSum
+cs_from_double(double x)
+{
+    return (CompensatedSum) {x};
+}
+
+static inline CompensatedSum
+cs_add(CompensatedSum total, double x)
+{
+    double t = total.hi + x;
+    if (fabs(total.hi) >= fabs(x)) {
+        total.lo += (total.hi - t) + x;
+    }
+    else {
+        total.lo += (x - t) + total.hi;
+    }
+    return (CompensatedSum) {t, total.lo};
+}
+
+static inline double
+cs_to_double(CompensatedSum total)
+{
+    /* Avoid losing the sign on a negative result,
+       and don't let adding the compensation convert
+       an infinite or overflowed sum to a NaN. */
+    if (total.lo && isfinite(total.lo)) {
+        return total.hi + total.lo;
+    }
+    return total.hi;
+}
+
 /*[clinic input]
 sum as builtin_sum
 
@@ -2618,8 +2669,8 @@ builtin_sum_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *iterable, PyObject *start)
                     b = PyLong_AsLongAndOverflow(item, &overflow);
                 }
                 if (overflow == 0 &&
-                    (i_result >= 0 ? (b <= LONG_MAX - i_result)
-                                   : (b >= LONG_MIN - i_result)))
+                    (i_result >= 0 ? (b <= PY_SSIZE_T_MAX - i_result)
+                                   : (b >= PY_SSIZE_T_MIN - i_result)))
                 {
                     i_result += b;
                     Py_DECREF(item);
@@ -2645,8 +2696,7 @@ builtin_sum_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *iterable, PyObject *start)
     }
 
     if (PyFloat_CheckExact(result)) {
-        double f_result = PyFloat_AS_DOUBLE(result);
-        double c = 0.0;
+        CompensatedSum re_sum = cs_from_double(PyFloat_AS_DOUBLE(result));
         Py_SETREF(result, NULL);
         while(result == NULL) {
             item = PyIter_Next(iter);
@@ -2654,45 +2704,88 @@ builtin_sum_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *iterable, PyObject *start)
                 Py_DECREF(iter);
                 if (PyErr_Occurred())
                     return NULL;
-                /* Avoid losing the sign on a negative result,
-                   and don't let adding the compensation convert
-                   an infinite or overflowed sum to a NaN. */
-                if (c && isfinite(c)) {
-                    f_result += c;
-                }
-                return PyFloat_FromDouble(f_result);
+                return PyFloat_FromDouble(cs_to_double(re_sum));
             }
             if (PyFloat_CheckExact(item)) {
-                // Improved Kahan–Babuška algorithm by Arnold Neumaier
-                // Neumaier, A. (1974), Rundungsfehleranalyse einiger Verfahren
-                // zur Summation endlicher Summen.  Z. angew. Math. Mech.,
-                // 54: 39-51. https://doi.org/10.1002/zamm.19740540106
-                // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kahan_summation_algorithm#Further_enhancements
-                double x = PyFloat_AS_DOUBLE(item);
-                double t = f_result + x;
-                if (fabs(f_result) >= fabs(x)) {
-                    c += (f_result - t) + x;
-                } else {
-                    c += (x - t) + f_result;
-                }
-                f_result = t;
+                re_sum = cs_add(re_sum, PyFloat_AS_DOUBLE(item));
                 _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(item, _PyFloat_ExactDealloc);
                 continue;
             }
             if (PyLong_Check(item)) {
-                long value;
-                int overflow;
-                value = PyLong_AsLongAndOverflow(item, &overflow);
-                if (!overflow) {
-                    f_result += (double)value;
+                double value = PyLong_AsDouble(item);
+                if (value != -1.0 || !PyErr_Occurred()) {
+                    re_sum = cs_add(re_sum, value);
                     Py_DECREF(item);
                     continue;
                 }
+                else {
+                    Py_DECREF(item);
+                    Py_DECREF(iter);
+                    return NULL;
+                }
             }
-            if (c && isfinite(c)) {
-                f_result += c;
+            result = PyFloat_FromDouble(cs_to_double(re_sum));
+            if (result == NULL) {
+                Py_DECREF(item);
+                Py_DECREF(iter);
+                return NULL;
             }
-            result = PyFloat_FromDouble(f_result);
+            temp = PyNumber_Add(result, item);
+            Py_DECREF(result);
+            Py_DECREF(item);
+            result = temp;
+            if (result == NULL) {
+                Py_DECREF(iter);
+                return NULL;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (PyComplex_CheckExact(result)) {
+        Py_complex z = PyComplex_AsCComplex(result);
+        CompensatedSum re_sum = cs_from_double(z.real);
+        CompensatedSum im_sum = cs_from_double(z.imag);
+        Py_SETREF(result, NULL);
+        while (result == NULL) {
+            item = PyIter_Next(iter);
+            if (item == NULL) {
+                Py_DECREF(iter);
+                if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
+                    return NULL;
+                }
+                return PyComplex_FromDoubles(cs_to_double(re_sum),
+                                             cs_to_double(im_sum));
+            }
+            if (PyComplex_CheckExact(item)) {
+                z = PyComplex_AsCComplex(item);
+                re_sum = cs_add(re_sum, z.real);
+                im_sum = cs_add(im_sum, z.imag);
+                Py_DECREF(item);
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (PyLong_Check(item)) {
+                double value = PyLong_AsDouble(item);
+                if (value != -1.0 || !PyErr_Occurred()) {
+                    re_sum = cs_add(re_sum, value);
+                    im_sum.hi += 0.0;
+                    Py_DECREF(item);
+                    continue;
+                }
+                else {
+                    Py_DECREF(item);
+                    Py_DECREF(iter);
+                    return NULL;
+                }
+            }
+            if (PyFloat_Check(item)) {
+                double value = PyFloat_AS_DOUBLE(item);
+                re_sum = cs_add(re_sum, value);
+                im_sum.hi += 0.0;
+                _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(item, _PyFloat_ExactDealloc);
+                continue;
+            }
+            result = PyComplex_FromDoubles(cs_to_double(re_sum),
+                                           cs_to_double(im_sum));
             if (result == NULL) {
                 Py_DECREF(item);
                 Py_DECREF(iter);
@@ -2903,7 +2996,8 @@ zip_next(zipobject *lz)
 
     if (tuplesize == 0)
         return NULL;
-    if (Py_REFCNT(result) == 1) {
+
+    if (_PyObject_IsUniquelyReferenced(result)) {
         Py_INCREF(result);
         for (i=0 ; i < tuplesize ; i++) {
             it = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(lz->ittuple, i);
diff --git a/Python/bootstrap_hash.c b/Python/bootstrap_hash.c
index 92f2301a012c0a..1dc5bffe1b0003 100644
--- a/Python/bootstrap_hash.c
+++ b/Python/bootstrap_hash.c
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ py_getrandom(void *buffer, Py_ssize_t size, int blocking, int raise)
 
    getentropy() is retried if it failed with EINTR: interrupted by a signal. */
 
-#if defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__has_attribute) && __has_attribute(availability)
+#if defined(__APPLE__) && _Py__has_attribute(availability)
 static int
 py_getentropy(char *buffer, Py_ssize_t size, int raise)
         __attribute__((availability(macos,introduced=10.12)))
diff --git a/Python/bytecodes.c b/Python/bytecodes.c
index 413ad1105f9428..057ee0a92d9d3c 100644
--- a/Python/bytecodes.c
+++ b/Python/bytecodes.c
@@ -8,8 +8,10 @@
 
 #include "Python.h"
 #include "pycore_abstract.h"      // _PyIndex_Check()
+#include "pycore_audit.h"         // _PySys_Audit()
 #include "pycore_backoff.h"
 #include "pycore_cell.h"          // PyCell_GetRef()
+#include "pycore_ceval.h"
 #include "pycore_code.h"
 #include "pycore_emscripten_signal.h"  // _Py_CHECK_EMSCRIPTEN_SIGNALS
 #include "pycore_function.h"
@@ -26,7 +28,6 @@
 #include "pycore_range.h"         // _PyRangeIterObject
 #include "pycore_setobject.h"     // _PySet_NextEntry()
 #include "pycore_sliceobject.h"   // _PyBuildSlice_ConsumeRefs
-#include "pycore_sysmodule.h"     // _PySys_Audit()
 #include "pycore_tuple.h"         // _PyTuple_ITEMS()
 #include "pycore_typeobject.h"    // _PySuper_Lookup()
 
@@ -146,36 +147,54 @@ dummy_func(
             RESUME_CHECK,
         };
 
-        tier1 inst(RESUME, (--)) {
-            assert(frame == tstate->current_frame);
+        op(_CHECK_PERIODIC, (--)) {
+            _Py_CHECK_EMSCRIPTEN_SIGNALS_PERIODICALLY();
+            QSBR_QUIESCENT_STATE(tstate);
+            if (_Py_atomic_load_uintptr_relaxed(&tstate->eval_breaker) & _PY_EVAL_EVENTS_MASK) {
+                int err = _Py_HandlePending(tstate);
+                ERROR_IF(err != 0, error);
+            }
+        }
+
+        op(_CHECK_PERIODIC_IF_NOT_YIELD_FROM, (--)) {
+            if ((oparg & RESUME_OPARG_LOCATION_MASK) < RESUME_AFTER_YIELD_FROM) {
+                _Py_CHECK_EMSCRIPTEN_SIGNALS_PERIODICALLY();
+                QSBR_QUIESCENT_STATE(tstate); \
+                if (_Py_atomic_load_uintptr_relaxed(&tstate->eval_breaker) & _PY_EVAL_EVENTS_MASK) {
+                    int err = _Py_HandlePending(tstate);
+                    ERROR_IF(err != 0, error);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        op(_QUICKEN_RESUME, (--)) {
+            #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
+            if (tstate->tracing == 0 && this_instr->op.code == RESUME) {
+                FT_ATOMIC_STORE_UINT8_RELAXED(this_instr->op.code, RESUME_CHECK);
+            }
+            #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
+        }
+
+        tier1 op(_MAYBE_INSTRUMENT, (--)) {
             if (tstate->tracing == 0) {
-                uintptr_t global_version =
-                    _Py_atomic_load_uintptr_relaxed(&tstate->eval_breaker) &
-                    ~_PY_EVAL_EVENTS_MASK;
-                PyCodeObject* code = _PyFrame_GetCode(frame);
-                uintptr_t code_version = FT_ATOMIC_LOAD_UINTPTR_ACQUIRE(code->_co_instrumentation_version);
-                assert((code_version & 255) == 0);
+                uintptr_t global_version = _Py_atomic_load_uintptr_relaxed(&tstate->eval_breaker) & ~_PY_EVAL_EVENTS_MASK;
+                uintptr_t code_version = FT_ATOMIC_LOAD_UINTPTR_ACQUIRE(_PyFrame_GetCode(frame)->_co_instrumentation_version);
                 if (code_version != global_version) {
                     int err = _Py_Instrument(_PyFrame_GetCode(frame), tstate->interp);
-                    ERROR_IF(err, error);
+                    if (err) {
+                        ERROR_NO_POP();
+                    }
                     next_instr = this_instr;
                     DISPATCH();
                 }
-                assert(this_instr->op.code == RESUME ||
-                       this_instr->op.code == RESUME_CHECK ||
-                       this_instr->op.code == INSTRUMENTED_RESUME ||
-                       this_instr->op.code == ENTER_EXECUTOR);
-                if (this_instr->op.code == RESUME) {
-                    #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
-                    FT_ATOMIC_STORE_UINT8_RELAXED(this_instr->op.code, RESUME_CHECK);
-                    #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
-                }
-            }
-            if ((oparg & RESUME_OPARG_LOCATION_MASK) < RESUME_AFTER_YIELD_FROM) {
-                CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
             }
         }
 
+        macro(RESUME) =
+            _MAYBE_INSTRUMENT +
+            _QUICKEN_RESUME +
+            _CHECK_PERIODIC_IF_NOT_YIELD_FROM;
+
         inst(RESUME_CHECK, (--)) {
 #if defined(__EMSCRIPTEN__)
             DEOPT_IF(_Py_emscripten_signal_clock == 0);
@@ -187,76 +206,62 @@ dummy_func(
             DEOPT_IF(eval_breaker != version);
         }
 
-        inst(INSTRUMENTED_RESUME, (--)) {
-            uintptr_t global_version = _Py_atomic_load_uintptr_relaxed(&tstate->eval_breaker) & ~_PY_EVAL_EVENTS_MASK;
-            uintptr_t code_version = FT_ATOMIC_LOAD_UINTPTR_ACQUIRE(_PyFrame_GetCode(frame)->_co_instrumentation_version);
-            if (code_version != global_version && tstate->tracing == 0) {
-                if (_Py_Instrument(_PyFrame_GetCode(frame), tstate->interp)) {
-                    ERROR_NO_POP();
-                }
-                next_instr = this_instr;
-            }
-            else {
-                if ((oparg & RESUME_OPARG_LOCATION_MASK) < RESUME_AFTER_YIELD_FROM) {
-                    CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
-                }
-                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
-                int err = _Py_call_instrumentation(
-                        tstate, oparg > 0, frame, this_instr);
-                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
-                ERROR_IF(err, error);
-                if (frame->instr_ptr != this_instr) {
-                    /* Instrumentation has jumped */
-                    next_instr = frame->instr_ptr;
-                    DISPATCH();
-                }
+        op(_MONITOR_RESUME, (--)) {
+            int err = _Py_call_instrumentation(
+                    tstate, oparg > 0, frame, this_instr);
+            ERROR_IF(err, error);
+            if (frame->instr_ptr != this_instr) {
+                /* Instrumentation has jumped */
+                next_instr = frame->instr_ptr;
             }
         }
 
+        macro(INSTRUMENTED_RESUME) =
+            _MAYBE_INSTRUMENT +
+            _CHECK_PERIODIC_IF_NOT_YIELD_FROM +
+            _MONITOR_RESUME;
+
         pseudo(LOAD_CLOSURE, (-- unused)) = {
             LOAD_FAST,
         };
 
         inst(LOAD_FAST_CHECK, (-- value)) {
-            value = GETLOCAL(oparg);
-            if (value == NULL) {
+            _PyStackRef value_s = GETLOCAL(oparg);
+            if (PyStackRef_IsNull(value_s)) {
                 _PyEval_FormatExcCheckArg(tstate, PyExc_UnboundLocalError,
                     UNBOUNDLOCAL_ERROR_MSG,
                     PyTuple_GetItem(_PyFrame_GetCode(frame)->co_localsplusnames, oparg)
                 );
                 ERROR_IF(1, error);
             }
-            Py_INCREF(value);
+            value = PyStackRef_DUP(value_s);
         }
 
         replicate(8) pure inst(LOAD_FAST, (-- value)) {
-            value = GETLOCAL(oparg);
-            assert(value != NULL);
-            Py_INCREF(value);
+            assert(!PyStackRef_IsNull(GETLOCAL(oparg)));
+            value = PyStackRef_DUP(GETLOCAL(oparg));
         }
 
         inst(LOAD_FAST_AND_CLEAR, (-- value)) {
             value = GETLOCAL(oparg);
             // do not use SETLOCAL here, it decrefs the old value
-            GETLOCAL(oparg) = NULL;
+            GETLOCAL(oparg) = PyStackRef_NULL;
         }
 
         inst(LOAD_FAST_LOAD_FAST, ( -- value1, value2)) {
             uint32_t oparg1 = oparg >> 4;
             uint32_t oparg2 = oparg & 15;
-            value1 = GETLOCAL(oparg1);
-            value2 = GETLOCAL(oparg2);
-            Py_INCREF(value1);
-            Py_INCREF(value2);
+            value1 = PyStackRef_DUP(GETLOCAL(oparg1));
+            value2 = PyStackRef_DUP(GETLOCAL(oparg2));
         }
 
         pure inst(LOAD_CONST, (-- value)) {
-            value = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_CONSTS, oparg);
-            Py_INCREF(value);
+            value = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(GETITEM(FRAME_CO_CONSTS, oparg));
         }
 
         replicate(8) inst(STORE_FAST, (value --)) {
             SETLOCAL(oparg, value);
+            DEAD(value);
         }
 
         pseudo(STORE_FAST_MAYBE_NULL, (unused --)) = {
@@ -267,15 +272,17 @@ dummy_func(
             uint32_t oparg1 = oparg >> 4;
             uint32_t oparg2 = oparg & 15;
             SETLOCAL(oparg1, value1);
-            value2 = GETLOCAL(oparg2);
-            Py_INCREF(value2);
+            DEAD(value1);
+            value2 = PyStackRef_DUP(GETLOCAL(oparg2));
         }
 
         inst(STORE_FAST_STORE_FAST, (value2, value1 --)) {
             uint32_t oparg1 = oparg >> 4;
             uint32_t oparg2 = oparg & 15;
             SETLOCAL(oparg1, value1);
+            DEAD(value1);
             SETLOCAL(oparg2, value2);
+            DEAD(value2);
         }
 
         pure inst(POP_TOP, (value --)) {
@@ -283,7 +290,7 @@ dummy_func(
         }
 
         pure inst(PUSH_NULL, (-- res)) {
-            res = NULL;
+            res = PyStackRef_NULL;
         }
 
         macro(END_FOR) = POP_TOP;
@@ -291,36 +298,47 @@ dummy_func(
         tier1 inst(INSTRUMENTED_END_FOR, (receiver, value -- receiver)) {
             /* Need to create a fake StopIteration error here,
              * to conform to PEP 380 */
-            if (PyGen_Check(receiver)) {
-                if (monitor_stop_iteration(tstate, frame, this_instr, value)) {
+            if (PyStackRef_GenCheck(receiver)) {
+                int err = monitor_stop_iteration(tstate, frame, this_instr, PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(value));
+                if (err) {
                     ERROR_NO_POP();
                 }
             }
             DECREF_INPUTS();
         }
 
-        pure inst(END_SEND, (receiver, value -- value)) {
-            Py_DECREF(receiver);
+        pure inst(END_SEND, (receiver, value -- val)) {
+            (void)receiver;
+            val = value;
+            DEAD(value);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(receiver);
         }
 
-        tier1 inst(INSTRUMENTED_END_SEND, (receiver, value -- value)) {
-            if (PyGen_Check(receiver) || PyCoro_CheckExact(receiver)) {
-                if (monitor_stop_iteration(tstate, frame, this_instr, value)) {
+        tier1 inst(INSTRUMENTED_END_SEND, (receiver, value -- val)) {
+            PyObject *receiver_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(receiver);
+            if (PyGen_Check(receiver_o) || PyCoro_CheckExact(receiver_o)) {
+                int err = monitor_stop_iteration(tstate, frame, this_instr, PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(value));
+                if (err) {
                     ERROR_NO_POP();
                 }
             }
-            Py_DECREF(receiver);
+            val = value;
+            DEAD(value);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(receiver);
         }
 
         inst(UNARY_NEGATIVE, (value -- res)) {
-            res = PyNumber_Negative(value);
+            PyObject *res_o = PyNumber_Negative(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(value));
             DECREF_INPUTS();
-            ERROR_IF(res == NULL, error);
+            ERROR_IF(res_o == NULL, error);
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
         }
 
         pure inst(UNARY_NOT, (value -- res)) {
-            assert(PyBool_Check(value));
-            res = Py_IsFalse(value) ? Py_True : Py_False;
+            assert(PyStackRef_BoolCheck(value));
+            res = PyStackRef_Is(value, PyStackRef_False)
+                ? PyStackRef_True : PyStackRef_False;
+            DEAD(value);
         }
 
         family(TO_BOOL, INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_TO_BOOL) = {
@@ -339,69 +357,75 @@ dummy_func(
                 _Py_Specialize_ToBool(value, next_instr);
                 DISPATCH_SAME_OPARG();
             }
-            STAT_INC(TO_BOOL, deferred);
+            OPCODE_DEFERRED_INC(TO_BOOL);
             ADVANCE_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(this_instr[1].counter);
             #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
         }
 
         op(_TO_BOOL, (value -- res)) {
-            int err = PyObject_IsTrue(value);
+            int err = PyObject_IsTrue(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(value));
             DECREF_INPUTS();
             ERROR_IF(err < 0, error);
-            res = err ? Py_True : Py_False;
+            res = err ? PyStackRef_True : PyStackRef_False;
         }
 
         macro(TO_BOOL) = _SPECIALIZE_TO_BOOL + unused/2 + _TO_BOOL;
 
         inst(TO_BOOL_BOOL, (unused/1, unused/2, value -- value)) {
-            EXIT_IF(!PyBool_Check(value));
+            EXIT_IF(!PyStackRef_BoolCheck(value));
             STAT_INC(TO_BOOL, hit);
         }
 
         inst(TO_BOOL_INT, (unused/1, unused/2, value -- res)) {
-            EXIT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(value));
+            PyObject *value_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(value);
+            EXIT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(value_o));
             STAT_INC(TO_BOOL, hit);
-            if (_PyLong_IsZero((PyLongObject *)value)) {
-                assert(_Py_IsImmortal(value));
-                res = Py_False;
+            if (_PyLong_IsZero((PyLongObject *)value_o)) {
+                assert(_Py_IsImmortal(value_o));
+                DEAD(value);
+                res = PyStackRef_False;
             }
             else {
                 DECREF_INPUTS();
-                res = Py_True;
+                res = PyStackRef_True;
             }
         }
 
         inst(TO_BOOL_LIST, (unused/1, unused/2, value -- res)) {
-            EXIT_IF(!PyList_CheckExact(value));
+            PyObject *value_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(value);
+            EXIT_IF(!PyList_CheckExact(value_o));
             STAT_INC(TO_BOOL, hit);
-            res = Py_SIZE(value) ? Py_True : Py_False;
+            res = Py_SIZE(value_o) ? PyStackRef_True : PyStackRef_False;
             DECREF_INPUTS();
         }
 
         inst(TO_BOOL_NONE, (unused/1, unused/2, value -- res)) {
             // This one is a bit weird, because we expect *some* failures:
-            EXIT_IF(!Py_IsNone(value));
+            EXIT_IF(!PyStackRef_Is(value, PyStackRef_None));
+            DEAD(value);
             STAT_INC(TO_BOOL, hit);
-            res = Py_False;
+            res = PyStackRef_False;
         }
 
         inst(TO_BOOL_STR, (unused/1, unused/2, value -- res)) {
-            EXIT_IF(!PyUnicode_CheckExact(value));
+            PyObject *value_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(value);
+            EXIT_IF(!PyUnicode_CheckExact(value_o));
             STAT_INC(TO_BOOL, hit);
-            if (value == &_Py_STR(empty)) {
-                assert(_Py_IsImmortal(value));
-                res = Py_False;
+            if (value_o == &_Py_STR(empty)) {
+                assert(_Py_IsImmortal(value_o));
+                DEAD(value);
+                res = PyStackRef_False;
             }
             else {
-                assert(Py_SIZE(value));
+                assert(Py_SIZE(value_o));
                 DECREF_INPUTS();
-                res = Py_True;
+                res = PyStackRef_True;
             }
         }
 
         op(_REPLACE_WITH_TRUE, (value -- res)) {
-            Py_DECREF(value);
-            res = Py_True;
+            DECREF_INPUTS();
+            res = PyStackRef_True;
         }
 
         macro(TO_BOOL_ALWAYS_TRUE) =
@@ -410,9 +434,10 @@ dummy_func(
             _REPLACE_WITH_TRUE;
 
         inst(UNARY_INVERT, (value -- res)) {
-            res = PyNumber_Invert(value);
+            PyObject *res_o = PyNumber_Invert(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(value));
             DECREF_INPUTS();
-            ERROR_IF(res == NULL, error);
+            ERROR_IF(res_o == NULL, error);
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
         }
 
         family(BINARY_OP, INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_BINARY_OP) = {
@@ -427,40 +452,59 @@ dummy_func(
         };
 
         op(_GUARD_BOTH_INT, (left, right -- left, right)) {
-            EXIT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(left));
-            EXIT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(right));
+            PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
+            PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
+            EXIT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(left_o));
+            EXIT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(right_o));
         }
 
         op(_GUARD_NOS_INT, (left, unused -- left, unused)) {
-            EXIT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(left));
+            PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
+            EXIT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(left_o));
         }
 
         op(_GUARD_TOS_INT, (value -- value)) {
-            EXIT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(value));
+            PyObject *value_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(value);
+            EXIT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(value_o));
         }
 
         pure op(_BINARY_OP_MULTIPLY_INT, (left, right -- res)) {
+            PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
+            PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
+
             STAT_INC(BINARY_OP, hit);
-            res = _PyLong_Multiply((PyLongObject *)left, (PyLongObject *)right);
-            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(right, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
-            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(left, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
-            ERROR_IF(res == NULL, error);
+            PyObject *res_o = _PyLong_Multiply((PyLongObject *)left_o, (PyLongObject *)right_o);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED(right, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED(left, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
+            INPUTS_DEAD();
+            ERROR_IF(res_o == NULL, error);
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
         }
 
         pure op(_BINARY_OP_ADD_INT, (left, right -- res)) {
+            PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
+            PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
+
             STAT_INC(BINARY_OP, hit);
-            res = _PyLong_Add((PyLongObject *)left, (PyLongObject *)right);
-            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(right, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
-            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(left, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
-            ERROR_IF(res == NULL, error);
+            PyObject *res_o = _PyLong_Add((PyLongObject *)left_o, (PyLongObject *)right_o);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED(right, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED(left, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
+            INPUTS_DEAD();
+            ERROR_IF(res_o == NULL, error);
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
         }
 
         pure op(_BINARY_OP_SUBTRACT_INT, (left, right -- res)) {
+            PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
+            PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
+
             STAT_INC(BINARY_OP, hit);
-            res = _PyLong_Subtract((PyLongObject *)left, (PyLongObject *)right);
-            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(right, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
-            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(left, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
-            ERROR_IF(res == NULL, error);
+            PyObject *res_o = _PyLong_Subtract((PyLongObject *)left_o, (PyLongObject *)right_o);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED(right, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED(left, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
+            INPUTS_DEAD();
+            ERROR_IF(res_o == NULL, error);
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
         }
 
         macro(BINARY_OP_MULTIPLY_INT) =
@@ -471,40 +515,62 @@ dummy_func(
             _GUARD_BOTH_INT + unused/1 + _BINARY_OP_SUBTRACT_INT;
 
         op(_GUARD_BOTH_FLOAT, (left, right -- left, right)) {
-            EXIT_IF(!PyFloat_CheckExact(left));
-            EXIT_IF(!PyFloat_CheckExact(right));
+            PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
+            PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
+            EXIT_IF(!PyFloat_CheckExact(left_o));
+            EXIT_IF(!PyFloat_CheckExact(right_o));
         }
 
         op(_GUARD_NOS_FLOAT, (left, unused -- left, unused)) {
-            EXIT_IF(!PyFloat_CheckExact(left));
+            PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
+            EXIT_IF(!PyFloat_CheckExact(left_o));
         }
 
         op(_GUARD_TOS_FLOAT, (value -- value)) {
-            EXIT_IF(!PyFloat_CheckExact(value));
+            PyObject *value_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(value);
+            EXIT_IF(!PyFloat_CheckExact(value_o));
         }
 
         pure op(_BINARY_OP_MULTIPLY_FLOAT, (left, right -- res)) {
+            PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
+            PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
+
             STAT_INC(BINARY_OP, hit);
             double dres =
-                ((PyFloatObject *)left)->ob_fval *
-                ((PyFloatObject *)right)->ob_fval;
-            DECREF_INPUTS_AND_REUSE_FLOAT(left, right, dres, res);
+                ((PyFloatObject *)left_o)->ob_fval *
+                ((PyFloatObject *)right_o)->ob_fval;
+            PyObject *res_o = _PyFloat_FromDouble_ConsumeInputs(left, right, dres);
+            INPUTS_DEAD();
+            ERROR_IF(res_o == NULL, error);
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
         }
 
         pure op(_BINARY_OP_ADD_FLOAT, (left, right -- res)) {
+            PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
+            PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
+
             STAT_INC(BINARY_OP, hit);
             double dres =
-                ((PyFloatObject *)left)->ob_fval +
-                ((PyFloatObject *)right)->ob_fval;
-            DECREF_INPUTS_AND_REUSE_FLOAT(left, right, dres, res);
+                ((PyFloatObject *)left_o)->ob_fval +
+                ((PyFloatObject *)right_o)->ob_fval;
+            PyObject *res_o = _PyFloat_FromDouble_ConsumeInputs(left, right, dres);
+            INPUTS_DEAD();
+            ERROR_IF(res_o == NULL, error);
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
         }
 
         pure op(_BINARY_OP_SUBTRACT_FLOAT, (left, right -- res)) {
+            PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
+            PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
+
             STAT_INC(BINARY_OP, hit);
             double dres =
-                ((PyFloatObject *)left)->ob_fval -
-                ((PyFloatObject *)right)->ob_fval;
-            DECREF_INPUTS_AND_REUSE_FLOAT(left, right, dres, res);
+                ((PyFloatObject *)left_o)->ob_fval -
+                ((PyFloatObject *)right_o)->ob_fval;
+            PyObject *res_o = _PyFloat_FromDouble_ConsumeInputs(left, right, dres);
+            INPUTS_DEAD();
+            ERROR_IF(res_o == NULL, error);
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
         }
 
         macro(BINARY_OP_MULTIPLY_FLOAT) =
@@ -515,16 +581,24 @@ dummy_func(
             _GUARD_BOTH_FLOAT + unused/1 + _BINARY_OP_SUBTRACT_FLOAT;
 
         op(_GUARD_BOTH_UNICODE, (left, right -- left, right)) {
-            EXIT_IF(!PyUnicode_CheckExact(left));
-            EXIT_IF(!PyUnicode_CheckExact(right));
+            PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
+            PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
+
+            EXIT_IF(!PyUnicode_CheckExact(left_o));
+            EXIT_IF(!PyUnicode_CheckExact(right_o));
         }
 
         pure op(_BINARY_OP_ADD_UNICODE, (left, right -- res)) {
+            PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
+            PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
+
             STAT_INC(BINARY_OP, hit);
-            res = PyUnicode_Concat(left, right);
-            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(left, _PyUnicode_ExactDealloc);
-            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(right, _PyUnicode_ExactDealloc);
-            ERROR_IF(res == NULL, error);
+            PyObject *res_o = PyUnicode_Concat(left_o, right_o);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED(left, _PyUnicode_ExactDealloc);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED(right, _PyUnicode_ExactDealloc);
+            INPUTS_DEAD();
+            ERROR_IF(res_o == NULL, error);
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
         }
 
         macro(BINARY_OP_ADD_UNICODE) =
@@ -536,10 +610,21 @@ dummy_func(
         // So the inputs are the same as for all BINARY_OP
         // specializations, but there is no output.
         // At the end we just skip over the STORE_FAST.
-        tier1 op(_BINARY_OP_INPLACE_ADD_UNICODE, (left, right --)) {
+        op(_BINARY_OP_INPLACE_ADD_UNICODE, (left, right --)) {
+        #ifndef NDEBUG
+            PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
+        #endif
+            PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
+
+            int next_oparg;
+        #if TIER_ONE
             assert(next_instr->op.code == STORE_FAST);
-            PyObject **target_local = &GETLOCAL(next_instr->op.arg);
-            DEOPT_IF(*target_local != left);
+            next_oparg = next_instr->op.arg;
+        #else
+            next_oparg = CURRENT_OPERAND();
+        #endif
+            _PyStackRef *target_local = &GETLOCAL(next_oparg);
+            DEOPT_IF(!PyStackRef_Is(*target_local, left));
             STAT_INC(BINARY_OP, hit);
             /* Handle `left = left + right` or `left += right` for str.
              *
@@ -552,14 +637,21 @@ dummy_func(
              * only the locals reference, so PyUnicode_Append knows
              * that the string is safe to mutate.
              */
-            assert(Py_REFCNT(left) >= 2);
-            _Py_DECREF_NO_DEALLOC(left);
-            PyUnicode_Append(target_local, right);
-            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(right, _PyUnicode_ExactDealloc);
-            ERROR_IF(*target_local == NULL, error);
-            // The STORE_FAST is already done.
+            assert(Py_REFCNT(left_o) >= 2);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(left);
+            DEAD(left);
+            PyObject *temp = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(*target_local);
+            PyUnicode_Append(&temp, right_o);
+            *target_local = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(temp);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED(right, _PyUnicode_ExactDealloc);
+            DEAD(right);
+            ERROR_IF(PyStackRef_IsNull(*target_local), error);
+        #if TIER_ONE
+            // The STORE_FAST is already done. This is done here in tier one,
+            // and during trace projection in tier two:
             assert(next_instr->op.code == STORE_FAST);
             SKIP_OVER(1);
+        #endif
         }
 
         macro(BINARY_OP_INPLACE_ADD_UNICODE) =
@@ -574,56 +666,86 @@ dummy_func(
         };
 
         specializing op(_SPECIALIZE_BINARY_SUBSCR, (counter/1, container, sub -- container, sub)) {
+            assert(frame->stackpointer == NULL);
             #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
             if (ADAPTIVE_COUNTER_TRIGGERS(counter)) {
                 next_instr = this_instr;
                 _Py_Specialize_BinarySubscr(container, sub, next_instr);
                 DISPATCH_SAME_OPARG();
             }
-            STAT_INC(BINARY_SUBSCR, deferred);
+            OPCODE_DEFERRED_INC(BINARY_SUBSCR);
             ADVANCE_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(this_instr[1].counter);
             #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
         }
 
         op(_BINARY_SUBSCR, (container, sub -- res)) {
-            res = PyObject_GetItem(container, sub);
+            PyObject *container_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(container);
+            PyObject *sub_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(sub);
+
+            PyObject *res_o = PyObject_GetItem(container_o, sub_o);
             DECREF_INPUTS();
-            ERROR_IF(res == NULL, error);
+            ERROR_IF(res_o == NULL, error);
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
         }
 
         macro(BINARY_SUBSCR) = _SPECIALIZE_BINARY_SUBSCR + _BINARY_SUBSCR;
 
-        inst(BINARY_SLICE, (container, start, stop -- res)) {
-            PyObject *slice = _PyBuildSlice_ConsumeRefs(start, stop);
+        specializing op(_SPECIALIZE_BINARY_SLICE, (container, start, stop -- container, start, stop)) {
+            // Placeholder until we implement BINARY_SLICE specialization
+            #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
+            OPCODE_DEFERRED_INC(BINARY_SLICE);
+            #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
+        }
+
+        op(_BINARY_SLICE, (container, start, stop -- res)) {
+            PyObject *slice = _PyBuildSlice_ConsumeRefs(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(start),
+                                                        PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(stop));
+            PyObject *res_o;
             // Can't use ERROR_IF() here, because we haven't
             // DECREF'ed container yet, and we still own slice.
             if (slice == NULL) {
-                res = NULL;
+                res_o = NULL;
             }
             else {
-                res = PyObject_GetItem(container, slice);
+                res_o = PyObject_GetItem(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(container), slice);
                 Py_DECREF(slice);
             }
-            Py_DECREF(container);
-            ERROR_IF(res == NULL, error);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(container);
+            ERROR_IF(res_o == NULL, error);
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
         }
 
-        inst(STORE_SLICE, (v, container, start, stop -- )) {
-            PyObject *slice = _PyBuildSlice_ConsumeRefs(start, stop);
+        macro(BINARY_SLICE) = _SPECIALIZE_BINARY_SLICE + _BINARY_SLICE;
+
+        specializing op(_SPECIALIZE_STORE_SLICE, (v, container, start, stop -- v, container, start, stop)) {
+            // Placeholder until we implement STORE_SLICE specialization
+            #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
+            OPCODE_DEFERRED_INC(STORE_SLICE);
+            #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
+        }
+
+        op(_STORE_SLICE, (v, container, start, stop -- )) {
+            PyObject *slice = _PyBuildSlice_ConsumeRefs(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(start),
+                                                        PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(stop));
             int err;
             if (slice == NULL) {
                 err = 1;
             }
             else {
-                err = PyObject_SetItem(container, slice, v);
+                err = PyObject_SetItem(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(container), slice, PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(v));
                 Py_DECREF(slice);
             }
-            Py_DECREF(v);
-            Py_DECREF(container);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(v);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(container);
             ERROR_IF(err, error);
         }
 
-        inst(BINARY_SUBSCR_LIST_INT, (unused/1, list, sub -- res)) {
+        macro(STORE_SLICE) = _SPECIALIZE_STORE_SLICE + _STORE_SLICE;
+
+        inst(BINARY_SUBSCR_LIST_INT, (unused/1, list_st, sub_st -- res)) {
+            PyObject *sub = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(sub_st);
+            PyObject *list = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(list_st);
+
             DEOPT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(sub));
             DEOPT_IF(!PyList_CheckExact(list));
 
@@ -632,14 +754,19 @@ dummy_func(
             Py_ssize_t index = ((PyLongObject*)sub)->long_value.ob_digit[0];
             DEOPT_IF(index >= PyList_GET_SIZE(list));
             STAT_INC(BINARY_SUBSCR, hit);
-            res = PyList_GET_ITEM(list, index);
-            assert(res != NULL);
-            Py_INCREF(res);
-            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(sub, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
-            Py_DECREF(list);
+            PyObject *res_o = PyList_GET_ITEM(list, index);
+            assert(res_o != NULL);
+            Py_INCREF(res_o);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED(sub_st, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
+            DEAD(sub_st);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(list_st);
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
         }
 
-        inst(BINARY_SUBSCR_STR_INT, (unused/1, str, sub -- res)) {
+        inst(BINARY_SUBSCR_STR_INT, (unused/1, str_st, sub_st -- res)) {
+            PyObject *sub = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(sub_st);
+            PyObject *str = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(str_st);
+
             DEOPT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(sub));
             DEOPT_IF(!PyUnicode_CheckExact(str));
             DEOPT_IF(!_PyLong_IsNonNegativeCompact((PyLongObject *)sub));
@@ -649,12 +776,17 @@ dummy_func(
             Py_UCS4 c = PyUnicode_READ_CHAR(str, index);
             DEOPT_IF(Py_ARRAY_LENGTH(_Py_SINGLETON(strings).ascii) <= c);
             STAT_INC(BINARY_SUBSCR, hit);
-            res = (PyObject*)&_Py_SINGLETON(strings).ascii[c];
-            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(sub, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
-            Py_DECREF(str);
+            PyObject *res_o = (PyObject*)&_Py_SINGLETON(strings).ascii[c];
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED(sub_st, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
+            DEAD(sub_st);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(str_st);
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
         }
 
-        inst(BINARY_SUBSCR_TUPLE_INT, (unused/1, tuple, sub -- res)) {
+        inst(BINARY_SUBSCR_TUPLE_INT, (unused/1, tuple_st, sub_st -- res)) {
+            PyObject *sub = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(sub_st);
+            PyObject *tuple = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(tuple_st);
+
             DEOPT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(sub));
             DEOPT_IF(!PyTuple_CheckExact(tuple));
 
@@ -663,54 +795,73 @@ dummy_func(
             Py_ssize_t index = ((PyLongObject*)sub)->long_value.ob_digit[0];
             DEOPT_IF(index >= PyTuple_GET_SIZE(tuple));
             STAT_INC(BINARY_SUBSCR, hit);
-            res = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(tuple, index);
-            assert(res != NULL);
-            Py_INCREF(res);
-            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(sub, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
-            Py_DECREF(tuple);
+            PyObject *res_o = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(tuple, index);
+            assert(res_o != NULL);
+            Py_INCREF(res_o);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED(sub_st, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
+            DEAD(sub_st);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(tuple_st);
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
         }
 
-        inst(BINARY_SUBSCR_DICT, (unused/1, dict, sub -- res)) {
+        inst(BINARY_SUBSCR_DICT, (unused/1, dict_st, sub_st -- res)) {
+            PyObject *sub = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(sub_st);
+            PyObject *dict = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(dict_st);
+
             DEOPT_IF(!PyDict_CheckExact(dict));
             STAT_INC(BINARY_SUBSCR, hit);
-            int rc = PyDict_GetItemRef(dict, sub, &res);
+            PyObject *res_o;
+            int rc = PyDict_GetItemRef(dict, sub, &res_o);
             if (rc == 0) {
                 _PyErr_SetKeyError(sub);
             }
             DECREF_INPUTS();
             ERROR_IF(rc <= 0, error); // not found or error
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
         }
 
-        inst(BINARY_SUBSCR_GETITEM, (unused/1, container, sub -- unused)) {
-            DEOPT_IF(tstate->interp->eval_frame);
-            PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(container);
+        op(_BINARY_SUBSCR_CHECK_FUNC, (container, unused -- container, unused)) {
+            PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(container));
             DEOPT_IF(!PyType_HasFeature(tp, Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE));
             PyHeapTypeObject *ht = (PyHeapTypeObject *)tp;
-            PyObject *cached = ht->_spec_cache.getitem;
-            DEOPT_IF(cached == NULL);
-            assert(PyFunction_Check(cached));
-            PyFunctionObject *getitem = (PyFunctionObject *)cached;
+            PyObject *getitem = ht->_spec_cache.getitem;
+            DEOPT_IF(getitem == NULL);
+            assert(PyFunction_Check(getitem));
             uint32_t cached_version = ht->_spec_cache.getitem_version;
-            DEOPT_IF(getitem->func_version != cached_version);
-            PyCodeObject *code = (PyCodeObject *)getitem->func_code;
+            DEOPT_IF(((PyFunctionObject *)getitem)->func_version != cached_version);
+            PyCodeObject *code = (PyCodeObject *)PyFunction_GET_CODE(getitem);
             assert(code->co_argcount == 2);
             DEOPT_IF(!_PyThreadState_HasStackSpace(tstate, code->co_framesize));
             STAT_INC(BINARY_SUBSCR, hit);
-            Py_INCREF(getitem);
-            _PyInterpreterFrame *new_frame = _PyFrame_PushUnchecked(tstate, getitem, 2);
-            STACK_SHRINK(2);
+        }
+
+        op(_BINARY_SUBSCR_INIT_CALL, (container, sub -- new_frame: _PyInterpreterFrame* )) {
+            PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(container));
+            PyHeapTypeObject *ht = (PyHeapTypeObject *)tp;
+            PyObject *getitem = ht->_spec_cache.getitem;
+            new_frame = _PyFrame_PushUnchecked(tstate, PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(getitem), 2, frame);
             new_frame->localsplus[0] = container;
             new_frame->localsplus[1] = sub;
-            frame->return_offset = (uint16_t)(next_instr - this_instr);
-            DISPATCH_INLINED(new_frame);
+            INPUTS_DEAD();
+            frame->return_offset = (uint16_t)(1 + INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_BINARY_SUBSCR);
         }
 
+        macro(BINARY_SUBSCR_GETITEM) =
+            unused/1 + // Skip over the counter
+            _CHECK_PEP_523 +
+            _BINARY_SUBSCR_CHECK_FUNC +
+            _BINARY_SUBSCR_INIT_CALL +
+            _PUSH_FRAME;
+
         inst(LIST_APPEND, (list, unused[oparg-1], v -- list, unused[oparg-1])) {
-            ERROR_IF(_PyList_AppendTakeRef((PyListObject *)list, v) < 0, error);
+            int err = _PyList_AppendTakeRef((PyListObject *)PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(list),
+                                           PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(v));
+            ERROR_IF(err < 0, error);
         }
 
         inst(SET_ADD, (set, unused[oparg-1], v -- set, unused[oparg-1])) {
-            int err = PySet_Add(set, v);
+            int err = PySet_Add(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(set),
+                                PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(v));
             DECREF_INPUTS();
             ERROR_IF(err, error);
         }
@@ -727,21 +878,24 @@ dummy_func(
                 _Py_Specialize_StoreSubscr(container, sub, next_instr);
                 DISPATCH_SAME_OPARG();
             }
-            STAT_INC(STORE_SUBSCR, deferred);
+            OPCODE_DEFERRED_INC(STORE_SUBSCR);
             ADVANCE_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(this_instr[1].counter);
             #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
         }
 
         op(_STORE_SUBSCR, (v, container, sub -- )) {
             /* container[sub] = v */
-            int err = PyObject_SetItem(container, sub, v);
+            int err = PyObject_SetItem(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(container), PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(sub), PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(v));
             DECREF_INPUTS();
             ERROR_IF(err, error);
         }
 
         macro(STORE_SUBSCR) = _SPECIALIZE_STORE_SUBSCR + _STORE_SUBSCR;
 
-        inst(STORE_SUBSCR_LIST_INT, (unused/1, value, list, sub -- )) {
+        inst(STORE_SUBSCR_LIST_INT, (unused/1, value, list_st, sub_st -- )) {
+            PyObject *sub = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(sub_st);
+            PyObject *list = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(list_st);
+
             DEOPT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(sub));
             DEOPT_IF(!PyList_CheckExact(list));
 
@@ -753,62 +907,62 @@ dummy_func(
             STAT_INC(STORE_SUBSCR, hit);
 
             PyObject *old_value = PyList_GET_ITEM(list, index);
-            PyList_SET_ITEM(list, index, value);
+            PyList_SET_ITEM(list, index, PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(value));
             assert(old_value != NULL);
             Py_DECREF(old_value);
-            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(sub, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
-            Py_DECREF(list);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED(sub_st, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
+            DEAD(sub_st);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(list_st);
         }
 
-        inst(STORE_SUBSCR_DICT, (unused/1, value, dict, sub -- )) {
+        inst(STORE_SUBSCR_DICT, (unused/1, value, dict_st, sub -- )) {
+            PyObject *dict = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(dict_st);
+
             DEOPT_IF(!PyDict_CheckExact(dict));
             STAT_INC(STORE_SUBSCR, hit);
-            int err = _PyDict_SetItem_Take2((PyDictObject *)dict, sub, value);
-            Py_DECREF(dict);
+            int err = _PyDict_SetItem_Take2((PyDictObject *)dict,
+                                            PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(sub),
+                                            PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(value));
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(dict_st);
             ERROR_IF(err, error);
         }
 
         inst(DELETE_SUBSCR, (container, sub --)) {
             /* del container[sub] */
-            int err = PyObject_DelItem(container, sub);
+            int err = PyObject_DelItem(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(container),
+                                       PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(sub));
             DECREF_INPUTS();
             ERROR_IF(err, error);
         }
 
         inst(CALL_INTRINSIC_1, (value -- res)) {
             assert(oparg <= MAX_INTRINSIC_1);
-            res = _PyIntrinsics_UnaryFunctions[oparg].func(tstate, value);
+            PyObject *res_o = _PyIntrinsics_UnaryFunctions[oparg].func(tstate, PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(value));
             DECREF_INPUTS();
-            ERROR_IF(res == NULL, error);
+            ERROR_IF(res_o == NULL, error);
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
         }
 
-        inst(CALL_INTRINSIC_2, (value2, value1 -- res)) {
+        inst(CALL_INTRINSIC_2, (value2_st, value1_st -- res)) {
             assert(oparg <= MAX_INTRINSIC_2);
-            res = _PyIntrinsics_BinaryFunctions[oparg].func(tstate, value2, value1);
+            PyObject *value1 = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(value1_st);
+            PyObject *value2 = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(value2_st);
+
+            PyObject *res_o = _PyIntrinsics_BinaryFunctions[oparg].func(tstate, value2, value1);
             DECREF_INPUTS();
-            ERROR_IF(res == NULL, error);
+            ERROR_IF(res_o == NULL, error);
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
         }
 
         tier1 inst(RAISE_VARARGS, (args[oparg] -- )) {
-            PyObject *cause = NULL, *exc = NULL;
-            switch (oparg) {
-            case 2:
-                cause = args[1];
-                /* fall through */
-            case 1:
-                exc = args[0];
-                /* fall through */
-            case 0:
-                if (do_raise(tstate, exc, cause)) {
-                    assert(oparg == 0);
-                    monitor_reraise(tstate, frame, this_instr);
-                    goto exception_unwind;
-                }
-                break;
-            default:
-                _PyErr_SetString(tstate, PyExc_SystemError,
-                                 "bad RAISE_VARARGS oparg");
-                break;
+            assert(oparg < 3);
+            PyObject *cause = oparg == 2 ? PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(args[1]) : NULL;
+            PyObject *exc = oparg > 0 ? PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(args[0]) : NULL;
+            int err = do_raise(tstate, exc, cause);
+            if (err) {
+                assert(oparg == 0);
+                monitor_reraise(tstate, frame, this_instr);
+                goto exception_unwind;
             }
             ERROR_IF(true, error);
         }
@@ -820,80 +974,59 @@ dummy_func(
             tstate->current_frame = frame->previous;
             assert(!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate));
             tstate->c_recursion_remaining += PY_EVAL_C_STACK_UNITS;
-            return retval;
+            PyObject *result = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(retval);
+            SYNC_SP(); /* Not strictly necessary, but prevents warnings */
+            return result;
         }
 
         // The stack effect here is ambiguous.
         // We definitely pop the return value off the stack on entry.
         // We also push it onto the stack on exit, but that's a
         // different frame, and it's accounted for by _PUSH_FRAME.
-        op(_POP_FRAME, (retval --)) {
+        inst(RETURN_VALUE, (retval -- res)) {
             #if TIER_ONE
             assert(frame != &entry_frame);
             #endif
-            SYNC_SP();
-            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            _PyStackRef temp = retval;
+            DEAD(retval);
+            SAVE_STACK();
             assert(EMPTY());
             _Py_LeaveRecursiveCallPy(tstate);
             // GH-99729: We need to unlink the frame *before* clearing it:
             _PyInterpreterFrame *dying = frame;
             frame = tstate->current_frame = dying->previous;
             _PyEval_FrameClearAndPop(tstate, dying);
-            _PyFrame_StackPush(frame, retval);
-            LOAD_SP();
+            RELOAD_STACK();
             LOAD_IP(frame->return_offset);
+            res = temp;
             LLTRACE_RESUME_FRAME();
         }
 
-        macro(RETURN_VALUE) =
-            _POP_FRAME;
-
-        inst(INSTRUMENTED_RETURN_VALUE, (retval --)) {
+        tier1 op(_RETURN_VALUE_EVENT, (val -- val)) {
             int err = _Py_call_instrumentation_arg(
                     tstate, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_PY_RETURN,
-                    frame, this_instr, retval);
-            if (err) ERROR_NO_POP();
-            STACK_SHRINK(1);
-            assert(EMPTY());
-            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
-            _Py_LeaveRecursiveCallPy(tstate);
-            assert(frame != &entry_frame);
-            // GH-99729: We need to unlink the frame *before* clearing it:
-            _PyInterpreterFrame *dying = frame;
-            frame = tstate->current_frame = dying->previous;
-            _PyEval_FrameClearAndPop(tstate, dying);
-            _PyFrame_StackPush(frame, retval);
-            LOAD_IP(frame->return_offset);
-            goto resume_frame;
+                    frame, this_instr, PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(val));
+            ERROR_IF(err, error);
         }
 
+        macro(INSTRUMENTED_RETURN_VALUE) =
+            _RETURN_VALUE_EVENT +
+            RETURN_VALUE;
+
         macro(RETURN_CONST) =
             LOAD_CONST +
-            _POP_FRAME;
+            RETURN_VALUE;
 
-        inst(INSTRUMENTED_RETURN_CONST, (--)) {
-            PyObject *retval = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_CONSTS, oparg);
-            int err = _Py_call_instrumentation_arg(
-                    tstate, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_PY_RETURN,
-                    frame, this_instr, retval);
-            if (err) ERROR_NO_POP();
-            Py_INCREF(retval);
-            assert(EMPTY());
-            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
-            _Py_LeaveRecursiveCallPy(tstate);
-            assert(frame != &entry_frame);
-            // GH-99729: We need to unlink the frame *before* clearing it:
-            _PyInterpreterFrame *dying = frame;
-            frame = tstate->current_frame = dying->previous;
-            _PyEval_FrameClearAndPop(tstate, dying);
-            _PyFrame_StackPush(frame, retval);
-            LOAD_IP(frame->return_offset);
-            goto resume_frame;
-        }
+        macro(INSTRUMENTED_RETURN_CONST) =
+            LOAD_CONST +
+            _RETURN_VALUE_EVENT +
+            RETURN_VALUE;
 
         inst(GET_AITER, (obj -- iter)) {
             unaryfunc getter = NULL;
-            PyTypeObject *type = Py_TYPE(obj);
+            PyObject *obj_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(obj);
+            PyObject *iter_o;
+            PyTypeObject *type = Py_TYPE(obj_o);
 
             if (type->tp_as_async != NULL) {
                 getter = type->tp_as_async->am_aiter;
@@ -908,91 +1041,36 @@ dummy_func(
                 ERROR_IF(true, error);
             }
 
-            iter = (*getter)(obj);
+            iter_o = (*getter)(obj_o);
             DECREF_INPUTS();
-            ERROR_IF(iter == NULL, error);
+            ERROR_IF(iter_o == NULL, error);
 
-            if (Py_TYPE(iter)->tp_as_async == NULL ||
-                    Py_TYPE(iter)->tp_as_async->am_anext == NULL) {
+            if (Py_TYPE(iter_o)->tp_as_async == NULL ||
+                    Py_TYPE(iter_o)->tp_as_async->am_anext == NULL) {
 
                 _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
                               "'async for' received an object from __aiter__ "
                               "that does not implement __anext__: %.100s",
-                              Py_TYPE(iter)->tp_name);
-                Py_DECREF(iter);
+                              Py_TYPE(iter_o)->tp_name);
+                Py_DECREF(iter_o);
                 ERROR_IF(true, error);
             }
+            iter = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(iter_o);
         }
 
         inst(GET_ANEXT, (aiter -- aiter, awaitable)) {
-            unaryfunc getter = NULL;
-            PyObject *next_iter = NULL;
-            PyTypeObject *type = Py_TYPE(aiter);
-
-            if (PyAsyncGen_CheckExact(aiter)) {
-                awaitable = type->tp_as_async->am_anext(aiter);
-                if (awaitable == NULL) {
-                    ERROR_NO_POP();
-                }
-            } else {
-                if (type->tp_as_async != NULL){
-                    getter = type->tp_as_async->am_anext;
-                }
-
-                if (getter != NULL) {
-                    next_iter = (*getter)(aiter);
-                    if (next_iter == NULL) {
-                        ERROR_NO_POP();
-                    }
-                }
-                else {
-                    _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
-                                  "'async for' requires an iterator with "
-                                  "__anext__ method, got %.100s",
-                                  type->tp_name);
-                    ERROR_NO_POP();
-                }
-
-                awaitable = _PyCoro_GetAwaitableIter(next_iter);
-                if (awaitable == NULL) {
-                    _PyErr_FormatFromCause(
-                        PyExc_TypeError,
-                        "'async for' received an invalid object "
-                        "from __anext__: %.100s",
-                        Py_TYPE(next_iter)->tp_name);
-
-                    Py_DECREF(next_iter);
-                    ERROR_NO_POP();
-                } else {
-                    Py_DECREF(next_iter);
-                }
+            PyObject *awaitable_o = _PyEval_GetANext(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(aiter));
+            if (awaitable_o == NULL) {
+                ERROR_NO_POP();
             }
+            awaitable = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(awaitable_o);
         }
 
         inst(GET_AWAITABLE, (iterable -- iter)) {
-            iter = _PyCoro_GetAwaitableIter(iterable);
-
-            if (iter == NULL) {
-                _PyEval_FormatAwaitableError(tstate, Py_TYPE(iterable), oparg);
-            }
-
+            PyObject *iter_o = _PyEval_GetAwaitable(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(iterable), oparg);
             DECREF_INPUTS();
-
-            if (iter != NULL && PyCoro_CheckExact(iter)) {
-                PyObject *yf = _PyGen_yf((PyGenObject*)iter);
-                if (yf != NULL) {
-                    /* `iter` is a coroutine object that is being
-                       awaited, `yf` is a pointer to the current awaitable
-                       being awaited on. */
-                    Py_DECREF(yf);
-                    Py_CLEAR(iter);
-                    _PyErr_SetString(tstate, PyExc_RuntimeError,
-                                     "coroutine is being awaited already");
-                    /* The code below jumps to `error` if `iter` is NULL. */
-                }
-            }
-
-            ERROR_IF(iter == NULL, error);
+            ERROR_IF(iter_o == NULL, error);
+            iter = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(iter_o);
         }
 
         family(SEND, INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_SEND) = {
@@ -1006,19 +1084,22 @@ dummy_func(
                 _Py_Specialize_Send(receiver, next_instr);
                 DISPATCH_SAME_OPARG();
             }
-            STAT_INC(SEND, deferred);
+            OPCODE_DEFERRED_INC(SEND);
             ADVANCE_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(this_instr[1].counter);
             #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
         }
 
         op(_SEND, (receiver, v -- receiver, retval)) {
+            PyObject *receiver_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(receiver);
+
+            PyObject *retval_o;
             assert(frame != &entry_frame);
             if ((tstate->interp->eval_frame == NULL) &&
-                (Py_TYPE(receiver) == &PyGen_Type || Py_TYPE(receiver) == &PyCoro_Type) &&
-                ((PyGenObject *)receiver)->gi_frame_state < FRAME_EXECUTING)
+                (Py_TYPE(receiver_o) == &PyGen_Type || Py_TYPE(receiver_o) == &PyCoro_Type) &&
+                ((PyGenObject *)receiver_o)->gi_frame_state < FRAME_EXECUTING)
             {
-                PyGenObject *gen = (PyGenObject *)receiver;
-                _PyInterpreterFrame *gen_frame = (_PyInterpreterFrame *)gen->gi_iframe;
+                PyGenObject *gen = (PyGenObject *)receiver_o;
+                _PyInterpreterFrame *gen_frame = &gen->gi_iframe;
                 STACK_SHRINK(1);
                 _PyFrame_StackPush(gen_frame, v);
                 gen->gi_frame_state = FRAME_EXECUTING;
@@ -1026,73 +1107,60 @@ dummy_func(
                 tstate->exc_info = &gen->gi_exc_state;
                 assert(next_instr - this_instr + oparg <= UINT16_MAX);
                 frame->return_offset = (uint16_t)(next_instr - this_instr + oparg);
+                assert(gen_frame->previous == NULL);
+                gen_frame->previous = frame;
                 DISPATCH_INLINED(gen_frame);
             }
-            if (Py_IsNone(v) && PyIter_Check(receiver)) {
-                retval = Py_TYPE(receiver)->tp_iternext(receiver);
+            if (PyStackRef_Is(v, PyStackRef_None) && PyIter_Check(receiver_o)) {
+                retval_o = Py_TYPE(receiver_o)->tp_iternext(receiver_o);
             }
             else {
-                retval = PyObject_CallMethodOneArg(receiver, &_Py_ID(send), v);
-            }
-            if (retval == NULL) {
-                if (_PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_StopIteration)
-                ) {
-                    monitor_raise(tstate, frame, this_instr);
+                retval_o = PyObject_CallMethodOneArg(receiver_o,
+                                                     &_Py_ID(send),
+                                                     PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(v));
+            }
+            if (retval_o == NULL) {
+                int matches = _PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_StopIteration);
+                if (matches) {
+                    _PyEval_MonitorRaise(tstate, frame, this_instr);
                 }
-                if (_PyGen_FetchStopIterationValue(&retval) == 0) {
-                    assert(retval != NULL);
+                int err = _PyGen_FetchStopIterationValue(&retval_o);
+                if (err == 0) {
+                    assert(retval_o != NULL);
                     JUMPBY(oparg);
                 }
                 else {
-                    ERROR_NO_POP();
+                    DECREF_INPUTS();
+                    ERROR_IF(true, error);
                 }
             }
-            Py_DECREF(v);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(v);
+            retval = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(retval_o);
         }
 
         macro(SEND) = _SPECIALIZE_SEND + _SEND;
 
-        inst(SEND_GEN, (unused/1, receiver, v -- receiver, unused)) {
-            DEOPT_IF(tstate->interp->eval_frame);
-            PyGenObject *gen = (PyGenObject *)receiver;
+        op(_SEND_GEN_FRAME, (receiver, v -- receiver, gen_frame: _PyInterpreterFrame *)) {
+            PyGenObject *gen = (PyGenObject *)PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(receiver);
             DEOPT_IF(Py_TYPE(gen) != &PyGen_Type && Py_TYPE(gen) != &PyCoro_Type);
             DEOPT_IF(gen->gi_frame_state >= FRAME_EXECUTING);
             STAT_INC(SEND, hit);
-            _PyInterpreterFrame *gen_frame = (_PyInterpreterFrame *)gen->gi_iframe;
-            STACK_SHRINK(1);
+            gen_frame = &gen->gi_iframe;
             _PyFrame_StackPush(gen_frame, v);
+            DEAD(v);
             gen->gi_frame_state = FRAME_EXECUTING;
             gen->gi_exc_state.previous_item = tstate->exc_info;
             tstate->exc_info = &gen->gi_exc_state;
-            assert(next_instr - this_instr + oparg <= UINT16_MAX);
-            frame->return_offset = (uint16_t)(next_instr - this_instr + oparg);
-            DISPATCH_INLINED(gen_frame);
+            assert(1 + INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_SEND + oparg <= UINT16_MAX);
+            frame->return_offset = (uint16_t)(1 + INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_SEND + oparg);
+            gen_frame->previous = frame;
         }
 
-        inst(INSTRUMENTED_YIELD_VALUE, (retval -- unused)) {
-            assert(frame != &entry_frame);
-            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
-            PyGenObject *gen = _PyFrame_GetGenerator(frame);
-            assert(FRAME_SUSPENDED_YIELD_FROM == FRAME_SUSPENDED + 1);
-            assert(oparg == 0 || oparg == 1);
-            gen->gi_frame_state = FRAME_SUSPENDED + oparg;
-            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer - 1);
-            int err = _Py_call_instrumentation_arg(
-                    tstate, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_PY_YIELD,
-                    frame, this_instr, retval);
-            if (err) ERROR_NO_POP();
-            tstate->exc_info = gen->gi_exc_state.previous_item;
-            gen->gi_exc_state.previous_item = NULL;
-            _Py_LeaveRecursiveCallPy(tstate);
-            _PyInterpreterFrame *gen_frame = frame;
-            frame = tstate->current_frame = frame->previous;
-            gen_frame->previous = NULL;
-            _PyFrame_StackPush(frame, retval);
-            /* We don't know which of these is relevant here, so keep them equal */
-            assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_SEND == INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_FOR_ITER);
-            LOAD_IP(1 + INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_SEND);
-            goto resume_frame;
-        }
+        macro(SEND_GEN) =
+            unused/1 +
+            _CHECK_PEP_523 +
+            _SEND_GEN_FRAME +
+            _PUSH_FRAME;
 
         inst(YIELD_VALUE, (retval -- value)) {
             // NOTE: It's important that YIELD_VALUE never raises an exception!
@@ -1102,12 +1170,13 @@ dummy_func(
             assert(frame != &entry_frame);
             #endif
             frame->instr_ptr++;
-            PyGenObject *gen = _PyFrame_GetGenerator(frame);
+            PyGenObject *gen = _PyGen_GetGeneratorFromFrame(frame);
             assert(FRAME_SUSPENDED_YIELD_FROM == FRAME_SUSPENDED + 1);
             assert(oparg == 0 || oparg == 1);
             gen->gi_frame_state = FRAME_SUSPENDED + oparg;
-            SYNC_SP();
-            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            _PyStackRef temp = retval;
+            DEAD(retval);
+            SAVE_STACK();
             tstate->exc_info = gen->gi_exc_state.previous_item;
             gen->gi_exc_state.previous_item = NULL;
             _Py_LeaveRecursiveCallPy(tstate);
@@ -1124,41 +1193,64 @@ dummy_func(
                    _PyOpcode_Deopt[frame->instr_ptr->op.code] == INTERPRETER_EXIT ||
                    _PyOpcode_Deopt[frame->instr_ptr->op.code] == ENTER_EXECUTOR);
             #endif
+            RELOAD_STACK();
             LOAD_IP(1 + INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_SEND);
-            LOAD_SP();
-            value = retval;
+            value = temp;
             LLTRACE_RESUME_FRAME();
         }
 
+        tier1 op(_YIELD_VALUE_EVENT, (val -- val)) {
+            int err = _Py_call_instrumentation_arg(
+                    tstate, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_PY_YIELD,
+                    frame, this_instr, PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(val));
+            if (err) {
+                ERROR_NO_POP();
+            }
+            if (frame->instr_ptr != this_instr) {
+                next_instr = frame->instr_ptr;
+                DISPATCH();
+            }
+        }
+
+        macro(INSTRUMENTED_YIELD_VALUE) =
+            _YIELD_VALUE_EVENT +
+            YIELD_VALUE;
+
         inst(POP_EXCEPT, (exc_value -- )) {
             _PyErr_StackItem *exc_info = tstate->exc_info;
-            Py_XSETREF(exc_info->exc_value, exc_value == Py_None ? NULL : exc_value);
+            Py_XSETREF(exc_info->exc_value,
+                   PyStackRef_Is(exc_value, PyStackRef_None)
+                    ? NULL : PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(exc_value));
         }
 
-        tier1 inst(RERAISE, (values[oparg], exc -- values[oparg])) {
+        tier1 inst(RERAISE, (values[oparg], exc_st -- values[oparg])) {
+            PyObject *exc = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(exc_st);
+
             assert(oparg >= 0 && oparg <= 2);
             if (oparg) {
-                PyObject *lasti = values[0];
+                PyObject *lasti = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(values[0]);
                 if (PyLong_Check(lasti)) {
                     frame->instr_ptr = _PyCode_CODE(_PyFrame_GetCode(frame)) + PyLong_AsLong(lasti);
                     assert(!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate));
                 }
                 else {
-                    assert(PyLong_Check(lasti));
                     _PyErr_SetString(tstate, PyExc_SystemError, "lasti is not an int");
+                    Py_DECREF(exc);
                     ERROR_NO_POP();
                 }
             }
             assert(exc && PyExceptionInstance_Check(exc));
-            Py_INCREF(exc);
             _PyErr_SetRaisedException(tstate, exc);
             monitor_reraise(tstate, frame, this_instr);
             goto exception_unwind;
         }
 
-        tier1 inst(END_ASYNC_FOR, (awaitable, exc -- )) {
+        tier1 inst(END_ASYNC_FOR, (awaitable_st, exc_st -- )) {
+            PyObject *exc = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(exc_st);
+
             assert(exc && PyExceptionInstance_Check(exc));
-            if (PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(exc, PyExc_StopAsyncIteration)) {
+            int matches = PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(exc, PyExc_StopAsyncIteration);
+            if (matches) {
                 DECREF_INPUTS();
             }
             else {
@@ -1169,13 +1261,16 @@ dummy_func(
             }
         }
 
-        tier1 inst(CLEANUP_THROW, (sub_iter, last_sent_val, exc_value -- none, value)) {
+        tier1 inst(CLEANUP_THROW, (sub_iter_st, last_sent_val_st, exc_value_st -- none, value)) {
+            PyObject *exc_value = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(exc_value_st);
             assert(throwflag);
             assert(exc_value && PyExceptionInstance_Check(exc_value));
-            if (PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(exc_value, PyExc_StopIteration)) {
-                value = Py_NewRef(((PyStopIterationObject *)exc_value)->value);
+
+            int matches = PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(exc_value, PyExc_StopIteration);
+            if (matches) {
+                none = PyStackRef_None;
+                value = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(((PyStopIterationObject *)exc_value)->value);
                 DECREF_INPUTS();
-                none = Py_None;
             }
             else {
                 _PyErr_SetRaisedException(tstate, Py_NewRef(exc_value));
@@ -1186,25 +1281,28 @@ dummy_func(
 
         inst(LOAD_COMMON_CONSTANT, ( -- value)) {
             // Keep in sync with _common_constants in opcode.py
-            switch(oparg) {
-            case CONSTANT_ASSERTIONERROR:
-                value = PyExc_AssertionError;
-                break;
-            case CONSTANT_NOTIMPLEMENTEDERROR:
-                value = PyExc_NotImplementedError;
-                break;
-            default:
-                Py_FatalError("bad LOAD_COMMON_CONSTANT oparg");
+            // If we ever have more than two constants, use a lookup table
+            PyObject *val;
+            if (oparg == CONSTANT_ASSERTIONERROR) {
+                val = PyExc_AssertionError;
+            }
+            else {
+                assert(oparg == CONSTANT_NOTIMPLEMENTEDERROR);
+                val = PyExc_NotImplementedError;
             }
+            value = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectImmortal(val);
         }
 
         inst(LOAD_BUILD_CLASS, ( -- bc)) {
-            ERROR_IF(PyMapping_GetOptionalItem(BUILTINS(), &_Py_ID(__build_class__), &bc) < 0, error);
-            if (bc == NULL) {
+            PyObject *bc_o;
+            int err = PyMapping_GetOptionalItem(BUILTINS(), &_Py_ID(__build_class__), &bc_o);
+            ERROR_IF(err < 0, error);
+            if (bc_o == NULL) {
                 _PyErr_SetString(tstate, PyExc_NameError,
                                  "__build_class__ not found");
                 ERROR_IF(true, error);
             }
+            bc = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(bc_o);
         }
 
         inst(STORE_NAME, (v -- )) {
@@ -1217,10 +1315,12 @@ dummy_func(
                 DECREF_INPUTS();
                 ERROR_IF(true, error);
             }
-            if (PyDict_CheckExact(ns))
-                err = PyDict_SetItem(ns, name, v);
-            else
-                err = PyObject_SetItem(ns, name, v);
+            if (PyDict_CheckExact(ns)) {
+                err = PyDict_SetItem(ns, name, PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(v));
+            }
+            else {
+                err = PyObject_SetItem(ns, name, PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(v));
+            }
             DECREF_INPUTS();
             ERROR_IF(err, error);
         }
@@ -1257,16 +1357,16 @@ dummy_func(
                 _Py_Specialize_UnpackSequence(seq, next_instr, oparg);
                 DISPATCH_SAME_OPARG();
             }
-            STAT_INC(UNPACK_SEQUENCE, deferred);
+            OPCODE_DEFERRED_INC(UNPACK_SEQUENCE);
             ADVANCE_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(this_instr[1].counter);
             #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
             (void)seq;
             (void)counter;
         }
 
-        op(_UNPACK_SEQUENCE, (seq -- unused[oparg])) {
-            PyObject **top = stack_pointer + oparg - 1;
-            int res = _PyEval_UnpackIterable(tstate, seq, oparg, -1, top);
+        op(_UNPACK_SEQUENCE, (seq -- output[oparg])) {
+            _PyStackRef *top = output + oparg;
+            int res = _PyEval_UnpackIterableStackRef(tstate, seq, oparg, -1, top);
             DECREF_INPUTS();
             ERROR_IF(res == 0, error);
         }
@@ -1275,40 +1375,42 @@ dummy_func(
 
         inst(UNPACK_SEQUENCE_TWO_TUPLE, (unused/1, seq -- val1, val0)) {
             assert(oparg == 2);
-            DEOPT_IF(!PyTuple_CheckExact(seq));
-            DEOPT_IF(PyTuple_GET_SIZE(seq) != 2);
+            PyObject *seq_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(seq);
+            DEOPT_IF(!PyTuple_CheckExact(seq_o));
+            DEOPT_IF(PyTuple_GET_SIZE(seq_o) != 2);
             STAT_INC(UNPACK_SEQUENCE, hit);
-            val0 = Py_NewRef(PyTuple_GET_ITEM(seq, 0));
-            val1 = Py_NewRef(PyTuple_GET_ITEM(seq, 1));
+            val0 = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(PyTuple_GET_ITEM(seq_o, 0));
+            val1 = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(PyTuple_GET_ITEM(seq_o, 1));
             DECREF_INPUTS();
         }
 
         inst(UNPACK_SEQUENCE_TUPLE, (unused/1, seq -- values[oparg])) {
-            DEOPT_IF(!PyTuple_CheckExact(seq));
-            DEOPT_IF(PyTuple_GET_SIZE(seq) != oparg);
+            PyObject *seq_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(seq);
+            DEOPT_IF(!PyTuple_CheckExact(seq_o));
+            DEOPT_IF(PyTuple_GET_SIZE(seq_o) != oparg);
             STAT_INC(UNPACK_SEQUENCE, hit);
-            PyObject **items = _PyTuple_ITEMS(seq);
+            PyObject **items = _PyTuple_ITEMS(seq_o);
             for (int i = oparg; --i >= 0; ) {
-                *values++ = Py_NewRef(items[i]);
+                *values++ = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(items[i]);
             }
             DECREF_INPUTS();
         }
 
         inst(UNPACK_SEQUENCE_LIST, (unused/1, seq -- values[oparg])) {
-            DEOPT_IF(!PyList_CheckExact(seq));
-            DEOPT_IF(PyList_GET_SIZE(seq) != oparg);
+            PyObject *seq_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(seq);
+            DEOPT_IF(!PyList_CheckExact(seq_o));
+            DEOPT_IF(PyList_GET_SIZE(seq_o) != oparg);
             STAT_INC(UNPACK_SEQUENCE, hit);
-            PyObject **items = _PyList_ITEMS(seq);
+            PyObject **items = _PyList_ITEMS(seq_o);
             for (int i = oparg; --i >= 0; ) {
-                *values++ = Py_NewRef(items[i]);
+                *values++ = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(items[i]);
             }
             DECREF_INPUTS();
         }
 
-        inst(UNPACK_EX, (seq -- unused[oparg & 0xFF], unused, unused[oparg >> 8])) {
-            int totalargs = 1 + (oparg & 0xFF) + (oparg >> 8);
-            PyObject **top = stack_pointer + totalargs - 1;
-            int res = _PyEval_UnpackIterable(tstate, seq, oparg & 0xFF, oparg >> 8, top);
+        inst(UNPACK_EX, (seq -- left[oparg & 0xFF], unused, right[oparg >> 8])) {
+            _PyStackRef *top = right + (oparg >> 8);
+            int res = _PyEval_UnpackIterableStackRef(tstate, seq, oparg & 0xFF, oparg >> 8, top);
             DECREF_INPUTS();
             ERROR_IF(res == 0, error);
         }
@@ -1327,14 +1429,15 @@ dummy_func(
                 _Py_Specialize_StoreAttr(owner, next_instr, name);
                 DISPATCH_SAME_OPARG();
             }
-            STAT_INC(STORE_ATTR, deferred);
+            OPCODE_DEFERRED_INC(STORE_ATTR);
             ADVANCE_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(this_instr[1].counter);
             #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
         }
 
         op(_STORE_ATTR, (v, owner --)) {
             PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg);
-            int err = PyObject_SetAttr(owner, name, v);
+            int err = PyObject_SetAttr(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner),
+                                       name, PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(v));
             DECREF_INPUTS();
             ERROR_IF(err, error);
         }
@@ -1343,14 +1446,14 @@ dummy_func(
 
         inst(DELETE_ATTR, (owner --)) {
             PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg);
-            int err = PyObject_DelAttr(owner, name);
+            int err = PyObject_DelAttr(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner), name);
             DECREF_INPUTS();
             ERROR_IF(err, error);
         }
 
         inst(STORE_GLOBAL, (v --)) {
             PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg);
-            int err = PyDict_SetItem(GLOBALS(), name, v);
+            int err = PyDict_SetItem(GLOBALS(), name, PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(v));
             DECREF_INPUTS();
             ERROR_IF(err, error);
         }
@@ -1370,28 +1473,29 @@ dummy_func(
         }
 
         inst(LOAD_LOCALS, ( -- locals)) {
-            locals = LOCALS();
-            if (locals == NULL) {
+            PyObject *l = LOCALS();
+            if (l == NULL) {
                 _PyErr_SetString(tstate, PyExc_SystemError,
                                  "no locals found");
                 ERROR_IF(true, error);
             }
-            Py_INCREF(locals);
+            locals = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(l);
         }
 
         inst(LOAD_FROM_DICT_OR_GLOBALS, (mod_or_class_dict -- v)) {
             PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg);
-            if (PyMapping_GetOptionalItem(mod_or_class_dict, name, &v) < 0) {
-                ERROR_NO_POP();
-            }
-            if (v == NULL) {
+            PyObject *v_o;
+            int err = PyMapping_GetOptionalItem(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(mod_or_class_dict), name, &v_o);
+            DECREF_INPUTS();
+            ERROR_IF(err < 0, error);
+            if (v_o == NULL) {
                 if (PyDict_CheckExact(GLOBALS())
                     && PyDict_CheckExact(BUILTINS()))
                 {
-                    v = _PyDict_LoadGlobal((PyDictObject *)GLOBALS(),
-                                            (PyDictObject *)BUILTINS(),
-                                            name);
-                    if (v == NULL) {
+                    v_o = _PyDict_LoadGlobal((PyDictObject *)GLOBALS(),
+                                             (PyDictObject *)BUILTINS(),
+                                             name);
+                    if (v_o == NULL) {
                         if (!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
                             /* _PyDict_LoadGlobal() returns NULL without raising
                             * an exception if the key doesn't exist */
@@ -1404,11 +1508,13 @@ dummy_func(
                 else {
                     /* Slow-path if globals or builtins is not a dict */
                     /* namespace 1: globals */
-                    ERROR_IF(PyMapping_GetOptionalItem(GLOBALS(), name, &v) < 0, error);
-                    if (v == NULL) {
+                    int err = PyMapping_GetOptionalItem(GLOBALS(), name, &v_o);
+                    ERROR_IF(err < 0, error);
+                    if (v_o == NULL) {
                         /* namespace 2: builtins */
-                        ERROR_IF(PyMapping_GetOptionalItem(BUILTINS(), name, &v) < 0, error);
-                        if (v == NULL) {
+                        int err = PyMapping_GetOptionalItem(BUILTINS(), name, &v_o);
+                        ERROR_IF(err < 0, error);
+                        if (v_o == NULL) {
                             _PyEval_FormatExcCheckArg(
                                         tstate, PyExc_NameError,
                                         NAME_ERROR_MSG, name);
@@ -1417,36 +1523,14 @@ dummy_func(
                     }
                 }
             }
-            DECREF_INPUTS();
+            v = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(v_o);
         }
 
         inst(LOAD_NAME, (-- v)) {
-            PyObject *mod_or_class_dict = LOCALS();
-            if (mod_or_class_dict == NULL) {
-                _PyErr_SetString(tstate, PyExc_SystemError,
-                                 "no locals found");
-                ERROR_IF(true, error);
-            }
             PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg);
-            if (PyMapping_GetOptionalItem(mod_or_class_dict, name, &v) < 0) {
-                ERROR_NO_POP();
-            }
-            if (v == NULL) {
-                if (PyDict_GetItemRef(GLOBALS(), name, &v) < 0) {
-                    ERROR_NO_POP();
-                }
-                if (v == NULL) {
-                    if (PyMapping_GetOptionalItem(BUILTINS(), name, &v) < 0) {
-                        ERROR_NO_POP();
-                    }
-                    if (v == NULL) {
-                        _PyEval_FormatExcCheckArg(
-                                    tstate, PyExc_NameError,
-                                    NAME_ERROR_MSG, name);
-                        ERROR_NO_POP();
-                    }
-                }
-            }
+            PyObject *v_o = _PyEval_LoadName(tstate, frame, name);
+            ERROR_IF(v_o == NULL, error);
+            v = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(v_o);
         }
 
         family(LOAD_GLOBAL, INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_GLOBAL) = {
@@ -1462,45 +1546,17 @@ dummy_func(
                 _Py_Specialize_LoadGlobal(GLOBALS(), BUILTINS(), next_instr, name);
                 DISPATCH_SAME_OPARG();
             }
-            STAT_INC(LOAD_GLOBAL, deferred);
+            OPCODE_DEFERRED_INC(LOAD_GLOBAL);
             ADVANCE_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(this_instr[1].counter);
             #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
         }
 
-        op(_LOAD_GLOBAL, ( -- res, null if (oparg & 1))) {
+        // res[1] because we need a pointer to res to pass it to _PyEval_LoadGlobalStackRef
+        op(_LOAD_GLOBAL, ( -- res[1], null if (oparg & 1))) {
             PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg>>1);
-            if (PyDict_CheckExact(GLOBALS())
-                && PyDict_CheckExact(BUILTINS()))
-            {
-                res = _PyDict_LoadGlobal((PyDictObject *)GLOBALS(),
-                                         (PyDictObject *)BUILTINS(),
-                                         name);
-                if (res == NULL) {
-                    if (!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
-                        /* _PyDict_LoadGlobal() returns NULL without raising
-                         * an exception if the key doesn't exist */
-                        _PyEval_FormatExcCheckArg(tstate, PyExc_NameError,
-                                                  NAME_ERROR_MSG, name);
-                    }
-                    ERROR_IF(true, error);
-                }
-            }
-            else {
-                /* Slow-path if globals or builtins is not a dict */
-                /* namespace 1: globals */
-                ERROR_IF(PyMapping_GetOptionalItem(GLOBALS(), name, &res) < 0, error);
-                if (res == NULL) {
-                    /* namespace 2: builtins */
-                    ERROR_IF(PyMapping_GetOptionalItem(BUILTINS(), name, &res) < 0, error);
-                    if (res == NULL) {
-                        _PyEval_FormatExcCheckArg(
-                                    tstate, PyExc_NameError,
-                                    NAME_ERROR_MSG, name);
-                        ERROR_IF(true, error);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            null = NULL;
+            _PyEval_LoadGlobalStackRef(GLOBALS(), BUILTINS(), name, res);
+            ERROR_IF(PyStackRef_IsNull(*res), error);
+            null = PyStackRef_NULL;
         }
 
         macro(LOAD_GLOBAL) =
@@ -1517,70 +1573,85 @@ dummy_func(
             assert(DK_IS_UNICODE(dict->ma_keys));
         }
 
-        op(_GUARD_BUILTINS_VERSION, (version/1 --)) {
+        op(_GUARD_GLOBALS_VERSION_PUSH_KEYS, (version / 1 -- globals_keys: PyDictKeysObject *))
+        {
+            PyDictObject *dict = (PyDictObject *)GLOBALS();
+            DEOPT_IF(!PyDict_CheckExact(dict));
+            DEOPT_IF(dict->ma_keys->dk_version != version);
+            globals_keys = dict->ma_keys;
+            assert(DK_IS_UNICODE(globals_keys));
+        }
+
+        op(_GUARD_BUILTINS_VERSION_PUSH_KEYS, (version / 1 -- builtins_keys: PyDictKeysObject *))
+        {
             PyDictObject *dict = (PyDictObject *)BUILTINS();
             DEOPT_IF(!PyDict_CheckExact(dict));
             DEOPT_IF(dict->ma_keys->dk_version != version);
-            assert(DK_IS_UNICODE(dict->ma_keys));
+            builtins_keys = dict->ma_keys;
+            assert(DK_IS_UNICODE(builtins_keys));
         }
 
-        op(_LOAD_GLOBAL_MODULE, (index/1 -- res, null if (oparg & 1))) {
-            PyDictObject *dict = (PyDictObject *)GLOBALS();
-            PyDictUnicodeEntry *entries = DK_UNICODE_ENTRIES(dict->ma_keys);
-            res = entries[index].me_value;
-            DEOPT_IF(res == NULL);
-            Py_INCREF(res);
+        op(_LOAD_GLOBAL_MODULE_FROM_KEYS, (index/1, globals_keys: PyDictKeysObject* -- res, null if (oparg & 1))) {
+            PyDictUnicodeEntry *entries = DK_UNICODE_ENTRIES(globals_keys);
+            PyObject *res_o = entries[index].me_value;
+            DEAD(globals_keys);
+            SYNC_SP();
+            DEOPT_IF(res_o == NULL);
+            Py_INCREF(res_o);
             STAT_INC(LOAD_GLOBAL, hit);
-            null = NULL;
+            null = PyStackRef_NULL;
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
         }
 
-        op(_LOAD_GLOBAL_BUILTINS, (index/1 -- res, null if (oparg & 1))) {
-            PyDictObject *bdict = (PyDictObject *)BUILTINS();
-            PyDictUnicodeEntry *entries = DK_UNICODE_ENTRIES(bdict->ma_keys);
-            res = entries[index].me_value;
-            DEOPT_IF(res == NULL);
-            Py_INCREF(res);
+        op(_LOAD_GLOBAL_BUILTINS_FROM_KEYS, (index/1, builtins_keys: PyDictKeysObject* -- res, null if (oparg & 1))) {
+            PyDictUnicodeEntry *entries = DK_UNICODE_ENTRIES(builtins_keys);
+            PyObject *res_o = entries[index].me_value;
+            DEAD(builtins_keys);
+            SYNC_SP();
+            DEOPT_IF(res_o == NULL);
+            Py_INCREF(res_o);
             STAT_INC(LOAD_GLOBAL, hit);
-            null = NULL;
+            null = PyStackRef_NULL;
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
         }
 
         macro(LOAD_GLOBAL_MODULE) =
             unused/1 + // Skip over the counter
-            _GUARD_GLOBALS_VERSION +
+            _GUARD_GLOBALS_VERSION_PUSH_KEYS +
             unused/1 + // Skip over the builtins version
-            _LOAD_GLOBAL_MODULE;
+            _LOAD_GLOBAL_MODULE_FROM_KEYS;
 
         macro(LOAD_GLOBAL_BUILTIN) =
             unused/1 + // Skip over the counter
             _GUARD_GLOBALS_VERSION +
-            _GUARD_BUILTINS_VERSION +
-            _LOAD_GLOBAL_BUILTINS;
+            _GUARD_BUILTINS_VERSION_PUSH_KEYS +
+            _LOAD_GLOBAL_BUILTINS_FROM_KEYS;
 
         inst(DELETE_FAST, (--)) {
-            PyObject *v = GETLOCAL(oparg);
-            if (v == NULL) {
+            _PyStackRef v = GETLOCAL(oparg);
+            if (PyStackRef_IsNull(v)) {
                 _PyEval_FormatExcCheckArg(tstate, PyExc_UnboundLocalError,
                     UNBOUNDLOCAL_ERROR_MSG,
                     PyTuple_GetItem(_PyFrame_GetCode(frame)->co_localsplusnames, oparg)
                 );
                 ERROR_IF(1, error);
             }
-            SETLOCAL(oparg, NULL);
+            SETLOCAL(oparg, PyStackRef_NULL);
         }
 
         inst(MAKE_CELL, (--)) {
             // "initial" is probably NULL but not if it's an arg (or set
             // via the f_locals proxy before MAKE_CELL has run).
-            PyObject *initial = GETLOCAL(oparg);
+            PyObject *initial = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(GETLOCAL(oparg));
             PyObject *cell = PyCell_New(initial);
             if (cell == NULL) {
                 ERROR_NO_POP();
             }
-            SETLOCAL(oparg, cell);
+            SETLOCAL(oparg, PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(cell));
         }
 
         inst(DELETE_DEREF, (--)) {
-            PyObject *cell = GETLOCAL(oparg);
+            PyObject *cell = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(GETLOCAL(oparg));
             // Can't use ERROR_IF here.
             // Fortunately we don't need its superpower.
             PyObject *oldobj = PyCell_SwapTakeRef((PyCellObject *)cell, NULL);
@@ -1591,72 +1662,94 @@ dummy_func(
             Py_DECREF(oldobj);
         }
 
-        inst(LOAD_FROM_DICT_OR_DEREF, (class_dict -- value)) {
+        inst(LOAD_FROM_DICT_OR_DEREF, (class_dict_st -- value)) {
+            PyObject *value_o;
             PyObject *name;
+            PyObject *class_dict = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(class_dict_st);
+
             assert(class_dict);
             assert(oparg >= 0 && oparg < _PyFrame_GetCode(frame)->co_nlocalsplus);
             name = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(_PyFrame_GetCode(frame)->co_localsplusnames, oparg);
-            if (PyMapping_GetOptionalItem(class_dict, name, &value) < 0) {
+            int err = PyMapping_GetOptionalItem(class_dict, name, &value_o);
+            if (err < 0) {
                 ERROR_NO_POP();
             }
-            if (!value) {
-                PyCellObject *cell = (PyCellObject *)GETLOCAL(oparg);
-                value = PyCell_GetRef(cell);
-                if (value == NULL) {
+            if (!value_o) {
+                PyCellObject *cell = (PyCellObject *)PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(GETLOCAL(oparg));
+                value_o = PyCell_GetRef(cell);
+                if (value_o == NULL) {
                     _PyEval_FormatExcUnbound(tstate, _PyFrame_GetCode(frame), oparg);
                     ERROR_NO_POP();
                 }
             }
-            Py_DECREF(class_dict);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(class_dict_st);
+            value = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(value_o);
         }
 
         inst(LOAD_DEREF, ( -- value)) {
-            PyCellObject *cell = (PyCellObject *)GETLOCAL(oparg);
-            value = PyCell_GetRef(cell);
-            if (value == NULL) {
+            PyCellObject *cell = (PyCellObject *)PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(GETLOCAL(oparg));
+            PyObject *value_o = PyCell_GetRef(cell);
+            if (value_o == NULL) {
                 _PyEval_FormatExcUnbound(tstate, _PyFrame_GetCode(frame), oparg);
                 ERROR_IF(true, error);
             }
+            value = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(value_o);
         }
 
         inst(STORE_DEREF, (v --)) {
-            PyCellObject *cell = (PyCellObject *)GETLOCAL(oparg);
-            PyCell_SetTakeRef(cell, v);
+            PyCellObject *cell = (PyCellObject *)PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(GETLOCAL(oparg));
+            PyCell_SetTakeRef(cell, PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(v));
         }
 
         inst(COPY_FREE_VARS, (--)) {
             /* Copy closure variables to free variables */
             PyCodeObject *co = _PyFrame_GetCode(frame);
-            assert(PyFunction_Check(frame->f_funcobj));
-            PyObject *closure = ((PyFunctionObject *)frame->f_funcobj)->func_closure;
+            assert(PyStackRef_FunctionCheck(frame->f_funcobj));
+            PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(frame->f_funcobj);
+            PyObject *closure = func->func_closure;
             assert(oparg == co->co_nfreevars);
             int offset = co->co_nlocalsplus - oparg;
             for (int i = 0; i < oparg; ++i) {
                 PyObject *o = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(closure, i);
-                frame->localsplus[offset + i] = Py_NewRef(o);
+                frame->localsplus[offset + i] = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(o);
             }
         }
 
         inst(BUILD_STRING, (pieces[oparg] -- str)) {
-            str = _PyUnicode_JoinArray(&_Py_STR(empty), pieces, oparg);
+            STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS(pieces, oparg, pieces_o);
+            if (CONVERSION_FAILED(pieces_o)) {
+                DECREF_INPUTS();
+                ERROR_IF(true, error);
+            }
+            PyObject *str_o = _PyUnicode_JoinArray(&_Py_STR(empty), pieces_o, oparg);
+            STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS_CLEANUP(pieces_o);
             DECREF_INPUTS();
-            ERROR_IF(str == NULL, error);
+            ERROR_IF(str_o == NULL, error);
+            str = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(str_o);
         }
 
         inst(BUILD_TUPLE, (values[oparg] -- tup)) {
-            tup = _PyTuple_FromArraySteal(values, oparg);
-            ERROR_IF(tup == NULL, error);
+            PyObject *tup_o = _PyTuple_FromStackRefSteal(values, oparg);
+            INPUTS_DEAD();
+            ERROR_IF(tup_o == NULL, error);
+            tup = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(tup_o);
         }
 
         inst(BUILD_LIST, (values[oparg] -- list)) {
-            list = _PyList_FromArraySteal(values, oparg);
-            ERROR_IF(list == NULL, error);
+            PyObject *list_o = _PyList_FromStackRefSteal(values, oparg);
+            INPUTS_DEAD();
+            ERROR_IF(list_o == NULL, error);
+            list = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(list_o);
         }
 
-        inst(LIST_EXTEND, (list, unused[oparg-1], iterable -- list, unused[oparg-1])) {
+        inst(LIST_EXTEND, (list_st, unused[oparg-1], iterable_st -- list_st, unused[oparg-1])) {
+            PyObject *list = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(list_st);
+            PyObject *iterable = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(iterable_st);
+
             PyObject *none_val = _PyList_Extend((PyListObject *)list, iterable);
             if (none_val == NULL) {
-                if (_PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_TypeError) &&
+                int matches = _PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_TypeError);
+                if (matches &&
                    (Py_TYPE(iterable)->tp_iter == NULL && !PySequence_Check(iterable)))
                 {
                     _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
@@ -1672,39 +1765,50 @@ dummy_func(
         }
 
         inst(SET_UPDATE, (set, unused[oparg-1], iterable -- set, unused[oparg-1])) {
-            int err = _PySet_Update(set, iterable);
+            int err = _PySet_Update(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(set),
+                                    PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(iterable));
             DECREF_INPUTS();
             ERROR_IF(err < 0, error);
         }
 
         inst(BUILD_SET, (values[oparg] -- set)) {
-            set = PySet_New(NULL);
-            if (set == NULL)
-                ERROR_NO_POP();
+            PyObject *set_o = PySet_New(NULL);
+            if (set_o == NULL) {
+                DECREF_INPUTS();
+                ERROR_IF(true, error);
+            }
             int err = 0;
             for (int i = 0; i < oparg; i++) {
-                PyObject *item = values[i];
-                if (err == 0)
-                    err = PySet_Add(set, item);
-                Py_DECREF(item);
+                if (err == 0) {
+                    err = PySet_Add(set_o, PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(values[i]));
+                }
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(values[i]);
             }
+            DEAD(values);
             if (err != 0) {
-                Py_DECREF(set);
+                Py_DECREF(set_o);
                 ERROR_IF(true, error);
             }
+            set = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(set_o);
         }
 
         inst(BUILD_MAP, (values[oparg*2] -- map)) {
-            map = _PyDict_FromItems(
-                    values, 2,
-                    values+1, 2,
+            STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS(values, oparg*2, values_o);
+            if (CONVERSION_FAILED(values_o)) {
+                DECREF_INPUTS();
+                ERROR_IF(true, error);
+            }
+            PyObject *map_o = _PyDict_FromItems(
+                    values_o, 2,
+                    values_o+1, 2,
                     oparg);
+            STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS_CLEANUP(values_o);
             DECREF_INPUTS();
-            ERROR_IF(map == NULL, error);
+            ERROR_IF(map_o == NULL, error);
+            map = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(map_o);
         }
 
         inst(SETUP_ANNOTATIONS, (--)) {
-            int err;
             PyObject *ann_dict;
             if (LOCALS() == NULL) {
                 _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_SystemError,
@@ -1712,7 +1816,8 @@ dummy_func(
                 ERROR_IF(true, error);
             }
             /* check if __annotations__ in locals()... */
-            ERROR_IF(PyMapping_GetOptionalItem(LOCALS(), &_Py_ID(__annotations__), &ann_dict) < 0, error);
+            int err = PyMapping_GetOptionalItem(LOCALS(), &_Py_ID(__annotations__), &ann_dict);
+            ERROR_IF(err < 0, error);
             if (ann_dict == NULL) {
                 ann_dict = PyDict_New();
                 ERROR_IF(ann_dict == NULL, error);
@@ -1726,22 +1831,17 @@ dummy_func(
             }
         }
 
-        inst(BUILD_CONST_KEY_MAP, (values[oparg], keys -- map)) {
-            assert(PyTuple_CheckExact(keys));
-            assert(PyTuple_GET_SIZE(keys) == (Py_ssize_t)oparg);
-            map = _PyDict_FromItems(
-                    &PyTuple_GET_ITEM(keys, 0), 1,
-                    values, 1, oparg);
-            DECREF_INPUTS();
-            ERROR_IF(map == NULL, error);
-        }
-
         inst(DICT_UPDATE, (dict, unused[oparg - 1], update -- dict, unused[oparg - 1])) {
-            if (PyDict_Update(dict, update) < 0) {
-                if (_PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_AttributeError)) {
+            PyObject *dict_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(dict);
+            PyObject *update_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(update);
+
+            int err = PyDict_Update(dict_o, update_o);
+            if (err < 0) {
+                int matches = _PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_AttributeError);
+                if (matches) {
                     _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
                                     "'%.200s' object is not a mapping",
-                                    Py_TYPE(update)->tp_name);
+                                    Py_TYPE(update_o)->tp_name);
                 }
                 DECREF_INPUTS();
                 ERROR_IF(true, error);
@@ -1750,22 +1850,33 @@ dummy_func(
         }
 
         inst(DICT_MERGE, (callable, unused, unused, dict, unused[oparg - 1], update -- callable, unused, unused, dict, unused[oparg - 1])) {
-            if (_PyDict_MergeEx(dict, update, 2) < 0) {
-                _PyEval_FormatKwargsError(tstate, callable, update);
+            PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable);
+            PyObject *dict_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(dict);
+            PyObject *update_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(update);
+
+            int err = _PyDict_MergeEx(dict_o, update_o, 2);
+            if (err < 0) {
+                _PyEval_FormatKwargsError(tstate, callable_o, update_o);
                 DECREF_INPUTS();
                 ERROR_IF(true, error);
             }
             DECREF_INPUTS();
         }
 
-        inst(MAP_ADD, (dict, unused[oparg - 1], key, value -- dict, unused[oparg - 1])) {
+        inst(MAP_ADD, (dict_st, unused[oparg - 1], key, value -- dict_st, unused[oparg - 1])) {
+            PyObject *dict = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(dict_st);
             assert(PyDict_CheckExact(dict));
             /* dict[key] = value */
             // Do not DECREF INPUTS because the function steals the references
-            ERROR_IF(_PyDict_SetItem_Take2((PyDictObject *)dict, key, value) != 0, error);
+            int err = _PyDict_SetItem_Take2(
+                (PyDictObject *)dict,
+                PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(key),
+                PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(value)
+            );
+            ERROR_IF(err != 0, error);
         }
 
-        inst(INSTRUMENTED_LOAD_SUPER_ATTR, (unused/1, unused, unused, unused -- unused, unused if (oparg & 1))) {
+        inst(INSTRUMENTED_LOAD_SUPER_ATTR, (unused/1 -- )) {
             // cancel out the decrement that will happen in LOAD_SUPER_ATTR; we
             // don't want to specialize instrumented instructions
             PAUSE_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(this_instr[1].counter);
@@ -1777,26 +1888,33 @@ dummy_func(
             LOAD_SUPER_ATTR_METHOD,
         };
 
-        specializing op(_SPECIALIZE_LOAD_SUPER_ATTR, (counter/1, global_super, class, unused -- global_super, class, unused)) {
+        specializing op(_SPECIALIZE_LOAD_SUPER_ATTR, (counter/1, global_super_st, class_st, unused -- global_super_st, class_st, unused)) {
             #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
             int load_method = oparg & 1;
             if (ADAPTIVE_COUNTER_TRIGGERS(counter)) {
                 next_instr = this_instr;
-                _Py_Specialize_LoadSuperAttr(global_super, class, next_instr, load_method);
+                _Py_Specialize_LoadSuperAttr(global_super_st, class_st, next_instr, load_method);
                 DISPATCH_SAME_OPARG();
             }
-            STAT_INC(LOAD_SUPER_ATTR, deferred);
+            OPCODE_DEFERRED_INC(LOAD_SUPER_ATTR);
             ADVANCE_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(this_instr[1].counter);
             #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
         }
 
-        tier1 op(_LOAD_SUPER_ATTR, (global_super, class, self -- attr, null if (oparg & 1))) {
+        tier1 op(_LOAD_SUPER_ATTR, (global_super_st, class_st, self_st -- attr, null if (oparg & 1))) {
+            PyObject *global_super = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(global_super_st);
+            PyObject *class = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(class_st);
+            PyObject *self = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(self_st);
+
             if (opcode == INSTRUMENTED_LOAD_SUPER_ATTR) {
                 PyObject *arg = oparg & 2 ? class : &_PyInstrumentation_MISSING;
                 int err = _Py_call_instrumentation_2args(
                         tstate, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_CALL,
                         frame, this_instr, global_super, arg);
-                ERROR_IF(err, error);
+                if (err) {
+                    DECREF_INPUTS();
+                    ERROR_IF(true, error);
+                }
             }
             // we make no attempt to optimize here; specializations should
             // handle any case whose performance we care about
@@ -1821,26 +1939,36 @@ dummy_func(
             DECREF_INPUTS();
             ERROR_IF(super == NULL, error);
             PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg >> 2);
-            attr = PyObject_GetAttr(super, name);
+            PyObject *attr_o = PyObject_GetAttr(super, name);
             Py_DECREF(super);
-            ERROR_IF(attr == NULL, error);
-            null = NULL;
+            ERROR_IF(attr_o == NULL, error);
+            attr = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(attr_o);
+            null = PyStackRef_NULL;
         }
 
         macro(LOAD_SUPER_ATTR) = _SPECIALIZE_LOAD_SUPER_ATTR + _LOAD_SUPER_ATTR;
 
-        inst(LOAD_SUPER_ATTR_ATTR, (unused/1, global_super, class, self -- attr, unused if (0))) {
+        inst(LOAD_SUPER_ATTR_ATTR, (unused/1, global_super_st, class_st, self_st -- attr_st, unused if (0))) {
+            PyObject *global_super = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(global_super_st);
+            PyObject *class = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(class_st);
+            PyObject *self = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(self_st);
+
             assert(!(oparg & 1));
             DEOPT_IF(global_super != (PyObject *)&PySuper_Type);
             DEOPT_IF(!PyType_Check(class));
             STAT_INC(LOAD_SUPER_ATTR, hit);
             PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg >> 2);
-            attr = _PySuper_Lookup((PyTypeObject *)class, self, name, NULL);
+            PyObject *attr = _PySuper_Lookup((PyTypeObject *)class, self, name, NULL);
             DECREF_INPUTS();
             ERROR_IF(attr == NULL, error);
+            attr_st = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(attr);
         }
 
-        inst(LOAD_SUPER_ATTR_METHOD, (unused/1, global_super, class, self -- attr, self_or_null)) {
+        inst(LOAD_SUPER_ATTR_METHOD, (unused/1, global_super_st, class_st, self_st -- attr, self_or_null)) {
+            PyObject *global_super = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(global_super_st);
+            PyObject *class = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(class_st);
+            PyObject *self = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(self_st);
+
             assert(oparg & 1);
             DEOPT_IF(global_super != (PyObject *)&PySuper_Type);
             DEOPT_IF(!PyType_Check(class));
@@ -1848,20 +1976,23 @@ dummy_func(
             PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg >> 2);
             PyTypeObject *cls = (PyTypeObject *)class;
             int method_found = 0;
-            attr = _PySuper_Lookup(cls, self, name,
+            PyObject *attr_o = _PySuper_Lookup(cls, self, name,
                                    Py_TYPE(self)->tp_getattro == PyObject_GenericGetAttr ? &method_found : NULL);
-            Py_DECREF(global_super);
-            Py_DECREF(class);
-            if (attr == NULL) {
-                Py_DECREF(self);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(global_super_st);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(class_st);
+            if (attr_o == NULL) {
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(self_st);
                 ERROR_IF(true, error);
             }
             if (method_found) {
-                self_or_null = self; // transfer ownership
+                self_or_null = self_st; // transfer ownership
+                DEAD(self_st);
             } else {
-                Py_DECREF(self);
-                self_or_null = NULL;
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(self_st);
+                self_or_null = PyStackRef_NULL;
             }
+
+            attr = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(attr_o);
         }
 
         family(LOAD_ATTR, INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_ATTR) = {
@@ -1870,6 +2001,7 @@ dummy_func(
             LOAD_ATTR_WITH_HINT,
             LOAD_ATTR_SLOT,
             LOAD_ATTR_CLASS,
+            LOAD_ATTR_CLASS_WITH_METACLASS_CHECK,
             LOAD_ATTR_PROPERTY,
             LOAD_ATTR_GETATTRIBUTE_OVERRIDDEN,
             LOAD_ATTR_METHOD_WITH_VALUES,
@@ -1887,23 +2019,26 @@ dummy_func(
                 _Py_Specialize_LoadAttr(owner, next_instr, name);
                 DISPATCH_SAME_OPARG();
             }
-            STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, deferred);
+            OPCODE_DEFERRED_INC(LOAD_ATTR);
             ADVANCE_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(this_instr[1].counter);
             #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
         }
 
         op(_LOAD_ATTR, (owner -- attr, self_or_null if (oparg & 1))) {
             PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg >> 1);
+            PyObject *attr_o;
             if (oparg & 1) {
                 /* Designed to work in tandem with CALL, pushes two values. */
-                attr = NULL;
-                if (_PyObject_GetMethod(owner, name, &attr)) {
+                attr_o = NULL;
+                int is_meth = _PyObject_GetMethod(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner), name, &attr_o);
+                if (is_meth) {
                     /* We can bypass temporary bound method object.
                        meth is unbound method and obj is self.
                        meth | self | arg1 | ... | argN
                      */
-                    assert(attr != NULL);  // No errors on this branch
+                    assert(attr_o != NULL);  // No errors on this branch
                     self_or_null = owner;  // Transfer ownership
+                    DEAD(owner);
                 }
                 else {
                     /* meth is not an unbound method (but a regular attr, or
@@ -1913,16 +2048,19 @@ dummy_func(
                        meth | NULL | arg1 | ... | argN
                     */
                     DECREF_INPUTS();
-                    ERROR_IF(attr == NULL, error);
-                    self_or_null = NULL;
+                    ERROR_IF(attr_o == NULL, error);
+                    self_or_null = PyStackRef_NULL;
                 }
             }
             else {
                 /* Classic, pushes one value. */
-                attr = PyObject_GetAttr(owner, name);
+                attr_o = PyObject_GetAttr(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner), name);
                 DECREF_INPUTS();
-                ERROR_IF(attr == NULL, error);
+                ERROR_IF(attr_o == NULL, error);
+                /* We need to define self_or_null on all paths */
+                self_or_null = PyStackRef_NULL;
             }
+            attr = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(attr_o);
         }
 
         macro(LOAD_ATTR) =
@@ -1931,23 +2069,27 @@ dummy_func(
             _LOAD_ATTR;
 
         op(_GUARD_TYPE_VERSION, (type_version/2, owner -- owner)) {
-            PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(owner);
+            PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner));
             assert(type_version != 0);
             EXIT_IF(tp->tp_version_tag != type_version);
         }
 
         op(_CHECK_MANAGED_OBJECT_HAS_VALUES, (owner -- owner)) {
-            assert(Py_TYPE(owner)->tp_dictoffset < 0);
-            assert(Py_TYPE(owner)->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_INLINE_VALUES);
-            DEOPT_IF(!_PyObject_InlineValues(owner)->valid);
+            PyObject *owner_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner);
+            assert(Py_TYPE(owner_o)->tp_dictoffset < 0);
+            assert(Py_TYPE(owner_o)->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_INLINE_VALUES);
+            DEOPT_IF(!_PyObject_InlineValues(owner_o)->valid);
         }
 
-        split op(_LOAD_ATTR_INSTANCE_VALUE, (index/1, owner -- attr, null if (oparg & 1))) {
-            attr = _PyObject_InlineValues(owner)->values[index];
-            DEOPT_IF(attr == NULL);
+        split op(_LOAD_ATTR_INSTANCE_VALUE, (offset/1, owner -- attr, null if (oparg & 1))) {
+            PyObject *owner_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner);
+            PyObject **value_ptr = (PyObject**)(((char *)owner_o) + offset);
+            PyObject *attr_o = *value_ptr;
+            DEOPT_IF(attr_o == NULL);
             STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
-            Py_INCREF(attr);
-            null = NULL;
+            Py_INCREF(attr_o);
+            null = PyStackRef_NULL;
+            attr = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(attr_o);
             DECREF_INPUTS();
         }
 
@@ -1959,22 +2101,25 @@ dummy_func(
             unused/5;  // Skip over rest of cache
 
         op(_CHECK_ATTR_MODULE, (dict_version/2, owner -- owner)) {
-            DEOPT_IF(!PyModule_CheckExact(owner));
-            PyDictObject *dict = (PyDictObject *)((PyModuleObject *)owner)->md_dict;
+            PyObject *owner_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner);
+            DEOPT_IF(!PyModule_CheckExact(owner_o));
+            PyDictObject *dict = (PyDictObject *)((PyModuleObject *)owner_o)->md_dict;
             assert(dict != NULL);
             DEOPT_IF(dict->ma_keys->dk_version != dict_version);
         }
 
         op(_LOAD_ATTR_MODULE, (index/1, owner -- attr, null if (oparg & 1))) {
-            PyDictObject *dict = (PyDictObject *)((PyModuleObject *)owner)->md_dict;
+            PyObject *owner_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner);
+            PyDictObject *dict = (PyDictObject *)((PyModuleObject *)owner_o)->md_dict;
             assert(dict->ma_keys->dk_kind == DICT_KEYS_UNICODE);
             assert(index < dict->ma_keys->dk_nentries);
             PyDictUnicodeEntry *ep = DK_UNICODE_ENTRIES(dict->ma_keys) + index;
-            attr = ep->me_value;
-            DEOPT_IF(attr == NULL);
+            PyObject *attr_o = ep->me_value;
+            DEOPT_IF(attr_o == NULL);
             STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
-            Py_INCREF(attr);
-            null = NULL;
+            Py_INCREF(attr_o);
+            attr = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(attr_o);
+            null = PyStackRef_NULL;
             DECREF_INPUTS();
         }
 
@@ -1985,30 +2130,30 @@ dummy_func(
             unused/5;
 
         op(_CHECK_ATTR_WITH_HINT, (owner -- owner)) {
-            assert(Py_TYPE(owner)->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT);
-            PyDictObject *dict = _PyObject_GetManagedDict(owner);
-            DEOPT_IF(dict == NULL);
+            PyObject *owner_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner);
+
+            assert(Py_TYPE(owner_o)->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT);
+            PyDictObject *dict = _PyObject_GetManagedDict(owner_o);
+            EXIT_IF(dict == NULL);
             assert(PyDict_CheckExact((PyObject *)dict));
         }
 
         op(_LOAD_ATTR_WITH_HINT, (hint/1, owner -- attr, null if (oparg & 1))) {
-            PyDictObject *dict = _PyObject_GetManagedDict(owner);
+            PyObject *owner_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner);
+            PyObject *attr_o;
+
+            PyDictObject *dict = _PyObject_GetManagedDict(owner_o);
             DEOPT_IF(hint >= (size_t)dict->ma_keys->dk_nentries);
             PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg>>1);
-            if (DK_IS_UNICODE(dict->ma_keys)) {
-                PyDictUnicodeEntry *ep = DK_UNICODE_ENTRIES(dict->ma_keys) + hint;
-                DEOPT_IF(ep->me_key != name);
-                attr = ep->me_value;
-            }
-            else {
-                PyDictKeyEntry *ep = DK_ENTRIES(dict->ma_keys) + hint;
-                DEOPT_IF(ep->me_key != name);
-                attr = ep->me_value;
-            }
-            DEOPT_IF(attr == NULL);
+            DEOPT_IF(!DK_IS_UNICODE(dict->ma_keys));
+            PyDictUnicodeEntry *ep = DK_UNICODE_ENTRIES(dict->ma_keys) + hint;
+            DEOPT_IF(ep->me_key != name);
+            attr_o = ep->me_value;
+            DEOPT_IF(attr_o == NULL);
             STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
-            Py_INCREF(attr);
-            null = NULL;
+            Py_INCREF(attr_o);
+            attr = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(attr_o);
+            null = PyStackRef_NULL;
             DECREF_INPUTS();
         }
 
@@ -2020,12 +2165,14 @@ dummy_func(
             unused/5;
 
         split op(_LOAD_ATTR_SLOT, (index/1, owner -- attr, null if (oparg & 1))) {
-            char *addr = (char *)owner + index;
-            attr = *(PyObject **)addr;
-            DEOPT_IF(attr == NULL);
+            PyObject *owner_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner);
+
+            char *addr = (char *)owner_o + index;
+            PyObject *attr_o = *(PyObject **)addr;
+            DEOPT_IF(attr_o == NULL);
             STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
-            Py_INCREF(attr);
-            null = NULL;
+            null = PyStackRef_NULL;
+            attr = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(attr_o);
             DECREF_INPUTS();
         }
 
@@ -2036,17 +2183,18 @@ dummy_func(
             unused/5;
 
         op(_CHECK_ATTR_CLASS, (type_version/2, owner -- owner)) {
-            DEOPT_IF(!PyType_Check(owner));
-            assert(type_version != 0);
-            DEOPT_IF(((PyTypeObject *)owner)->tp_version_tag != type_version);
+            PyObject *owner_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner);
 
+            EXIT_IF(!PyType_Check(owner_o));
+            assert(type_version != 0);
+            EXIT_IF(((PyTypeObject *)owner_o)->tp_version_tag != type_version);
         }
 
         split op(_LOAD_ATTR_CLASS, (descr/4, owner -- attr, null if (oparg & 1))) {
             STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
             assert(descr != NULL);
-            attr = Py_NewRef(descr);
-            null = NULL;
+            attr = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(descr);
+            null = PyStackRef_NULL;
             DECREF_INPUTS();
         }
 
@@ -2056,34 +2204,42 @@ dummy_func(
             unused/2 +
             _LOAD_ATTR_CLASS;
 
-        inst(LOAD_ATTR_PROPERTY, (unused/1, type_version/2, func_version/2, fget/4, owner -- unused, unused if (0))) {
-            assert((oparg & 1) == 0);
-            DEOPT_IF(tstate->interp->eval_frame);
+        macro(LOAD_ATTR_CLASS_WITH_METACLASS_CHECK) =
+            unused/1 +
+            _CHECK_ATTR_CLASS +
+            _GUARD_TYPE_VERSION +
+            _LOAD_ATTR_CLASS;
 
-            PyTypeObject *cls = Py_TYPE(owner);
-            assert(type_version != 0);
-            DEOPT_IF(cls->tp_version_tag != type_version);
+        op(_LOAD_ATTR_PROPERTY_FRAME, (fget/4, owner -- new_frame: _PyInterpreterFrame *)) {
+            assert((oparg & 1) == 0);
             assert(Py_IS_TYPE(fget, &PyFunction_Type));
             PyFunctionObject *f = (PyFunctionObject *)fget;
-            assert(func_version != 0);
-            DEOPT_IF(f->func_version != func_version);
             PyCodeObject *code = (PyCodeObject *)f->func_code;
-            assert(code->co_argcount == 1);
+            DEOPT_IF((code->co_flags & (CO_VARKEYWORDS | CO_VARARGS | CO_OPTIMIZED)) != CO_OPTIMIZED);
+            DEOPT_IF(code->co_kwonlyargcount);
+            DEOPT_IF(code->co_argcount != 1);
             DEOPT_IF(!_PyThreadState_HasStackSpace(tstate, code->co_framesize));
             STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
-            Py_INCREF(fget);
-            _PyInterpreterFrame *new_frame = _PyFrame_PushUnchecked(tstate, f, 1);
-            // Manipulate stack directly because we exit with DISPATCH_INLINED().
-            STACK_SHRINK(1);
+            new_frame = _PyFrame_PushUnchecked(tstate, PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(fget), 1, frame);
             new_frame->localsplus[0] = owner;
-            frame->return_offset = (uint16_t)(next_instr - this_instr);
-            DISPATCH_INLINED(new_frame);
+            DEAD(owner);
         }
 
+        macro(LOAD_ATTR_PROPERTY) =
+            unused/1 +
+            _CHECK_PEP_523 +
+            _GUARD_TYPE_VERSION +
+            unused/2 +
+            _LOAD_ATTR_PROPERTY_FRAME +
+            _SAVE_RETURN_OFFSET +
+            _PUSH_FRAME;
+
         inst(LOAD_ATTR_GETATTRIBUTE_OVERRIDDEN, (unused/1, type_version/2, func_version/2, getattribute/4, owner -- unused, unused if (0))) {
+            PyObject *owner_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner);
+
             assert((oparg & 1) == 0);
             DEOPT_IF(tstate->interp->eval_frame);
-            PyTypeObject *cls = Py_TYPE(owner);
+            PyTypeObject *cls = Py_TYPE(owner_o);
             assert(type_version != 0);
             DEOPT_IF(cls->tp_version_tag != type_version);
             assert(Py_IS_TYPE(getattribute, &PyFunction_Type));
@@ -2096,38 +2252,43 @@ dummy_func(
             STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
 
             PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg >> 1);
-            Py_INCREF(f);
-            _PyInterpreterFrame *new_frame = _PyFrame_PushUnchecked(tstate, f, 2);
+            _PyInterpreterFrame *new_frame = _PyFrame_PushUnchecked(
+                tstate, PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(f), 2, frame);
             // Manipulate stack directly because we exit with DISPATCH_INLINED().
             STACK_SHRINK(1);
             new_frame->localsplus[0] = owner;
-            new_frame->localsplus[1] = Py_NewRef(name);
+            DEAD(owner);
+            new_frame->localsplus[1] = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(name);
             frame->return_offset = (uint16_t)(next_instr - this_instr);
             DISPATCH_INLINED(new_frame);
         }
 
         op(_GUARD_DORV_NO_DICT, (owner -- owner)) {
-            assert(Py_TYPE(owner)->tp_dictoffset < 0);
-            assert(Py_TYPE(owner)->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_INLINE_VALUES);
-            DEOPT_IF(_PyObject_GetManagedDict(owner));
-            DEOPT_IF(_PyObject_InlineValues(owner)->valid == 0);
+            PyObject *owner_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner);
+
+            assert(Py_TYPE(owner_o)->tp_dictoffset < 0);
+            assert(Py_TYPE(owner_o)->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_INLINE_VALUES);
+            EXIT_IF(_PyObject_GetManagedDict(owner_o));
+            EXIT_IF(_PyObject_InlineValues(owner_o)->valid == 0);
         }
 
-        op(_STORE_ATTR_INSTANCE_VALUE, (index/1, value, owner --)) {
-            STAT_INC(STORE_ATTR, hit);
-            assert(_PyObject_GetManagedDict(owner) == NULL);
-            PyDictValues *values = _PyObject_InlineValues(owner);
+        op(_STORE_ATTR_INSTANCE_VALUE, (offset/1, value, owner --)) {
+            PyObject *owner_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner);
 
-            PyObject *old_value = values->values[index];
-            values->values[index] = value;
+            STAT_INC(STORE_ATTR, hit);
+            assert(_PyObject_GetManagedDict(owner_o) == NULL);
+            PyObject **value_ptr = (PyObject**)(((char *)owner_o) + offset);
+            PyObject *old_value = *value_ptr;
+            *value_ptr = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(value);
             if (old_value == NULL) {
+                PyDictValues *values = _PyObject_InlineValues(owner_o);
+                Py_ssize_t index = value_ptr - values->values;
                 _PyDictValues_AddToInsertionOrder(values, index);
             }
             else {
                 Py_DECREF(old_value);
             }
-
-            Py_DECREF(owner);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(owner);
         }
 
         macro(STORE_ATTR_INSTANCE_VALUE) =
@@ -2137,39 +2298,29 @@ dummy_func(
             _STORE_ATTR_INSTANCE_VALUE;
 
         op(_STORE_ATTR_WITH_HINT, (hint/1, value, owner --)) {
-            assert(Py_TYPE(owner)->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT);
-            PyDictObject *dict = _PyObject_GetManagedDict(owner);
+            PyObject *owner_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner);
+            assert(Py_TYPE(owner_o)->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT);
+            PyDictObject *dict = _PyObject_GetManagedDict(owner_o);
             DEOPT_IF(dict == NULL);
             assert(PyDict_CheckExact((PyObject *)dict));
             PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg);
             DEOPT_IF(hint >= (size_t)dict->ma_keys->dk_nentries);
-            PyObject *old_value;
-            uint64_t new_version;
-            if (DK_IS_UNICODE(dict->ma_keys)) {
-                PyDictUnicodeEntry *ep = DK_UNICODE_ENTRIES(dict->ma_keys) + hint;
-                DEOPT_IF(ep->me_key != name);
-                old_value = ep->me_value;
-                DEOPT_IF(old_value == NULL);
-                new_version = _PyDict_NotifyEvent(tstate->interp, PyDict_EVENT_MODIFIED, dict, name, value);
-                ep->me_value = value;
-            }
-            else {
-                PyDictKeyEntry *ep = DK_ENTRIES(dict->ma_keys) + hint;
-                DEOPT_IF(ep->me_key != name);
-                old_value = ep->me_value;
-                DEOPT_IF(old_value == NULL);
-                new_version = _PyDict_NotifyEvent(tstate->interp, PyDict_EVENT_MODIFIED, dict, name, value);
-                ep->me_value = value;
-            }
-            Py_DECREF(old_value);
-            STAT_INC(STORE_ATTR, hit);
+            DEOPT_IF(!DK_IS_UNICODE(dict->ma_keys));
+            PyDictUnicodeEntry *ep = DK_UNICODE_ENTRIES(dict->ma_keys) + hint;
+            DEOPT_IF(ep->me_key != name);
+            PyObject *old_value = ep->me_value;
+            DEOPT_IF(old_value == NULL);
             /* Ensure dict is GC tracked if it needs to be */
-            if (!_PyObject_GC_IS_TRACKED(dict) && _PyObject_GC_MAY_BE_TRACKED(value)) {
+            if (!_PyObject_GC_IS_TRACKED(dict) && _PyObject_GC_MAY_BE_TRACKED(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(value))) {
                 _PyObject_GC_TRACK(dict);
             }
-            /* PEP 509 */
-            dict->ma_version_tag = new_version;
-            Py_DECREF(owner);
+            _PyDict_NotifyEvent(tstate->interp, PyDict_EVENT_MODIFIED, dict, name, PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(value));
+            ep->me_value = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(value);
+            // old_value should be DECREFed after GC track checking is done, if not, it could raise a segmentation fault,
+            // when dict only holds the strong reference to value in ep->me_value.
+            Py_XDECREF(old_value);
+            STAT_INC(STORE_ATTR, hit);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(owner);
         }
 
         macro(STORE_ATTR_WITH_HINT) =
@@ -2178,12 +2329,14 @@ dummy_func(
             _STORE_ATTR_WITH_HINT;
 
         op(_STORE_ATTR_SLOT, (index/1, value, owner --)) {
-            char *addr = (char *)owner + index;
+            PyObject *owner_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner);
+
+            char *addr = (char *)owner_o + index;
             STAT_INC(STORE_ATTR, hit);
             PyObject *old_value = *(PyObject **)addr;
-            *(PyObject **)addr = value;
+            *(PyObject **)addr = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(value);
             Py_XDECREF(old_value);
-            Py_DECREF(owner);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(owner);
         }
 
         macro(STORE_ATTR_SLOT) =
@@ -2204,21 +2357,27 @@ dummy_func(
                 _Py_Specialize_CompareOp(left, right, next_instr, oparg);
                 DISPATCH_SAME_OPARG();
             }
-            STAT_INC(COMPARE_OP, deferred);
+            OPCODE_DEFERRED_INC(COMPARE_OP);
             ADVANCE_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(this_instr[1].counter);
             #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
         }
 
         op(_COMPARE_OP, (left, right -- res)) {
+            PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
+            PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
+
             assert((oparg >> 5) <= Py_GE);
-            res = PyObject_RichCompare(left, right, oparg >> 5);
+            PyObject *res_o = PyObject_RichCompare(left_o, right_o, oparg >> 5);
             DECREF_INPUTS();
-            ERROR_IF(res == NULL, error);
+            ERROR_IF(res_o == NULL, error);
             if (oparg & 16) {
-                int res_bool = PyObject_IsTrue(res);
-                Py_DECREF(res);
+                int res_bool = PyObject_IsTrue(res_o);
+                Py_DECREF(res_o);
                 ERROR_IF(res_bool < 0, error);
-                res = res_bool ? Py_True : Py_False;
+                res = res_bool ? PyStackRef_True : PyStackRef_False;
+            }
+            else {
+                res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
             }
         }
 
@@ -2234,52 +2393,73 @@ dummy_func(
             _GUARD_BOTH_UNICODE + unused/1 + _COMPARE_OP_STR;
 
         op(_COMPARE_OP_FLOAT, (left, right -- res)) {
+            PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
+            PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
+
             STAT_INC(COMPARE_OP, hit);
-            double dleft = PyFloat_AS_DOUBLE(left);
-            double dright = PyFloat_AS_DOUBLE(right);
+            double dleft = PyFloat_AS_DOUBLE(left_o);
+            double dright = PyFloat_AS_DOUBLE(right_o);
             // 1 if NaN, 2 if <, 4 if >, 8 if ==; this matches low four bits of the oparg
             int sign_ish = COMPARISON_BIT(dleft, dright);
-            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(left, _PyFloat_ExactDealloc);
-            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(right, _PyFloat_ExactDealloc);
-            res = (sign_ish & oparg) ? Py_True : Py_False;
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED(left, _PyFloat_ExactDealloc);
+            DEAD(left);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED(right, _PyFloat_ExactDealloc);
+            DEAD(right);
+            res = (sign_ish & oparg) ? PyStackRef_True : PyStackRef_False;
             // It's always a bool, so we don't care about oparg & 16.
         }
 
         // Similar to COMPARE_OP_FLOAT
         op(_COMPARE_OP_INT, (left, right -- res)) {
-            DEOPT_IF(!_PyLong_IsCompact((PyLongObject *)left));
-            DEOPT_IF(!_PyLong_IsCompact((PyLongObject *)right));
+            PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
+            PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
+
+            DEOPT_IF(!_PyLong_IsCompact((PyLongObject *)left_o));
+            DEOPT_IF(!_PyLong_IsCompact((PyLongObject *)right_o));
             STAT_INC(COMPARE_OP, hit);
-            assert(_PyLong_DigitCount((PyLongObject *)left) <= 1 &&
-                   _PyLong_DigitCount((PyLongObject *)right) <= 1);
-            Py_ssize_t ileft = _PyLong_CompactValue((PyLongObject *)left);
-            Py_ssize_t iright = _PyLong_CompactValue((PyLongObject *)right);
+            assert(_PyLong_DigitCount((PyLongObject *)left_o) <= 1 &&
+                   _PyLong_DigitCount((PyLongObject *)right_o) <= 1);
+            Py_ssize_t ileft = _PyLong_CompactValue((PyLongObject *)left_o);
+            Py_ssize_t iright = _PyLong_CompactValue((PyLongObject *)right_o);
             // 2 if <, 4 if >, 8 if ==; this matches the low 4 bits of the oparg
             int sign_ish = COMPARISON_BIT(ileft, iright);
-            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(left, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
-            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(right, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
-            res = (sign_ish & oparg) ? Py_True : Py_False;
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED(left, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
+            DEAD(left);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED(right, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
+            DEAD(right);
+            res =  (sign_ish & oparg) ? PyStackRef_True : PyStackRef_False;
             // It's always a bool, so we don't care about oparg & 16.
         }
 
         // Similar to COMPARE_OP_FLOAT, but for ==, != only
         op(_COMPARE_OP_STR, (left, right -- res)) {
+            PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
+            PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
+
             STAT_INC(COMPARE_OP, hit);
-            int eq = _PyUnicode_Equal(left, right);
+            int eq = _PyUnicode_Equal(left_o, right_o);
             assert((oparg >> 5) == Py_EQ || (oparg >> 5) == Py_NE);
-            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(left, _PyUnicode_ExactDealloc);
-            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(right, _PyUnicode_ExactDealloc);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED(left, _PyUnicode_ExactDealloc);
+            DEAD(left);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED(right, _PyUnicode_ExactDealloc);
+            DEAD(right);
             assert(eq == 0 || eq == 1);
             assert((oparg & 0xf) == COMPARISON_NOT_EQUALS || (oparg & 0xf) == COMPARISON_EQUALS);
             assert(COMPARISON_NOT_EQUALS + 1 == COMPARISON_EQUALS);
-            res = ((COMPARISON_NOT_EQUALS + eq) & oparg) ? Py_True : Py_False;
+            res = ((COMPARISON_NOT_EQUALS + eq) & oparg) ? PyStackRef_True : PyStackRef_False;
             // It's always a bool, so we don't care about oparg & 16.
         }
 
         inst(IS_OP, (left, right -- b)) {
-            int res = Py_Is(left, right) ^ oparg;
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+            // On free-threaded builds, objects are conditionally immortalized.
+            // So their bits don't always compare equally.
+            int res = Py_Is(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left), PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right)) ^ oparg;
+#else
+            int res = PyStackRef_Is(left, right) ^ oparg;
+#endif
             DECREF_INPUTS();
-            b = res ? Py_True : Py_False;
+            b = res ? PyStackRef_True : PyStackRef_False;
         }
 
         family(CONTAINS_OP, INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CONTAINS_OP) = {
@@ -2288,10 +2468,13 @@ dummy_func(
         };
 
         op(_CONTAINS_OP, (left, right -- b)) {
-            int res = PySequence_Contains(right, left);
+            PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
+            PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
+
+            int res = PySequence_Contains(right_o, left_o);
             DECREF_INPUTS();
             ERROR_IF(res < 0, error);
-            b = (res ^ oparg) ? Py_True : Py_False;
+            b = (res ^ oparg) ? PyStackRef_True : PyStackRef_False;
         }
 
         specializing op(_SPECIALIZE_CONTAINS_OP, (counter/1, left, right -- left, right)) {
@@ -2301,7 +2484,7 @@ dummy_func(
                 _Py_Specialize_ContainsOp(right, next_instr);
                 DISPATCH_SAME_OPARG();
             }
-            STAT_INC(CONTAINS_OP, deferred);
+            OPCODE_DEFERRED_INC(CONTAINS_OP);
             ADVANCE_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(this_instr[1].counter);
             #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
         }
@@ -2309,76 +2492,94 @@ dummy_func(
         macro(CONTAINS_OP) = _SPECIALIZE_CONTAINS_OP + _CONTAINS_OP;
 
         inst(CONTAINS_OP_SET, (unused/1, left, right -- b)) {
-            DEOPT_IF(!(PySet_CheckExact(right) || PyFrozenSet_CheckExact(right)));
+            PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
+            PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
+
+            DEOPT_IF(!(PySet_CheckExact(right_o) || PyFrozenSet_CheckExact(right_o)));
             STAT_INC(CONTAINS_OP, hit);
             // Note: both set and frozenset use the same seq_contains method!
-            int res = _PySet_Contains((PySetObject *)right, left);
+            int res = _PySet_Contains((PySetObject *)right_o, left_o);
             DECREF_INPUTS();
             ERROR_IF(res < 0, error);
-            b = (res ^ oparg) ? Py_True : Py_False;
+            b = (res ^ oparg) ? PyStackRef_True : PyStackRef_False;
         }
 
         inst(CONTAINS_OP_DICT, (unused/1, left, right -- b)) {
-            DEOPT_IF(!PyDict_CheckExact(right));
+            PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
+            PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
+
+            DEOPT_IF(!PyDict_CheckExact(right_o));
             STAT_INC(CONTAINS_OP, hit);
-            int res = PyDict_Contains(right, left);
+            int res = PyDict_Contains(right_o, left_o);
             DECREF_INPUTS();
             ERROR_IF(res < 0, error);
-            b = (res ^ oparg) ? Py_True : Py_False;
+            b = (res ^ oparg) ? PyStackRef_True : PyStackRef_False;
         }
 
-        inst(CHECK_EG_MATCH, (exc_value, match_type -- rest, match)) {
-            if (_PyEval_CheckExceptStarTypeValid(tstate, match_type) < 0) {
+        inst(CHECK_EG_MATCH, (exc_value_st, match_type_st -- rest, match)) {
+            PyObject *exc_value = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(exc_value_st);
+            PyObject *match_type = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(match_type_st);
+            int err = _PyEval_CheckExceptStarTypeValid(tstate, match_type);
+            if (err < 0) {
                 DECREF_INPUTS();
                 ERROR_IF(true, error);
             }
 
-            match = NULL;
-            rest = NULL;
+            PyObject *match_o = NULL;
+            PyObject *rest_o = NULL;
             int res = _PyEval_ExceptionGroupMatch(exc_value, match_type,
-                                                  &match, &rest);
+                                                  &match_o, &rest_o);
             DECREF_INPUTS();
             ERROR_IF(res < 0, error);
 
-            assert((match == NULL) == (rest == NULL));
-            ERROR_IF(match == NULL, error);
+            assert((match_o == NULL) == (rest_o == NULL));
+            ERROR_IF(match_o == NULL, error);
 
-            if (!Py_IsNone(match)) {
-                PyErr_SetHandledException(match);
+            if (!Py_IsNone(match_o)) {
+                PyErr_SetHandledException(match_o);
             }
+            rest = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(rest_o);
+            match = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(match_o);
         }
 
         inst(CHECK_EXC_MATCH, (left, right -- left, b)) {
-            assert(PyExceptionInstance_Check(left));
-            if (_PyEval_CheckExceptTypeValid(tstate, right) < 0) {
+            PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
+            PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
+
+            assert(PyExceptionInstance_Check(left_o));
+            int err = _PyEval_CheckExceptTypeValid(tstate, right_o);
+            if (err < 0) {
                  DECREF_INPUTS();
                  ERROR_IF(true, error);
             }
 
-            int res = PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(left, right);
+            int res = PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(left_o, right_o);
             DECREF_INPUTS();
-            b = res ? Py_True : Py_False;
+            b = res ? PyStackRef_True : PyStackRef_False;
         }
 
-         tier1 inst(IMPORT_NAME, (level, fromlist -- res)) {
+         inst(IMPORT_NAME, (level, fromlist -- res)) {
             PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg);
-            res = import_name(tstate, frame, name, fromlist, level);
+            PyObject *res_o = _PyEval_ImportName(tstate, frame, name,
+                              PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(fromlist),
+                              PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(level));
             DECREF_INPUTS();
-            ERROR_IF(res == NULL, error);
+            ERROR_IF(res_o == NULL, error);
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
         }
 
-        tier1 inst(IMPORT_FROM, (from -- from, res)) {
+        inst(IMPORT_FROM, (from -- from, res)) {
             PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg);
-            res = import_from(tstate, from, name);
-            ERROR_IF(res == NULL, error);
+            PyObject *res_o = _PyEval_ImportFrom(tstate, PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(from), name);
+            ERROR_IF(res_o == NULL, error);
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
         }
 
         tier1 inst(JUMP_FORWARD, (--)) {
             JUMPBY(oparg);
         }
 
-        tier1 inst(JUMP_BACKWARD, (unused/1 --)) {
-            CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
+        tier1 op(_JUMP_BACKWARD, (the_counter/1 --)) {
             assert(oparg <= INSTR_OFFSET());
             JUMPBY(-oparg);
             #ifdef _Py_TIER2
@@ -2392,7 +2593,7 @@ dummy_func(
                     start--;
                 }
                 _PyExecutorObject *executor;
-                int optimized = _PyOptimizer_Optimize(frame, start, stack_pointer, &executor);
+                int optimized = _PyOptimizer_Optimize(frame, start, stack_pointer, &executor, 0);
                 ERROR_IF(optimized < 0, error);
                 if (optimized) {
                     assert(tstate->previous_executor == NULL);
@@ -2410,6 +2611,10 @@ dummy_func(
             #endif /* _Py_TIER2 */
         }
 
+        macro(JUMP_BACKWARD) =
+            _CHECK_PERIODIC +
+            _JUMP_BACKWARD;
+
         pseudo(JUMP, (--)) = {
             JUMP_FORWARD,
             JUMP_BACKWARD,
@@ -2420,6 +2625,14 @@ dummy_func(
             JUMP_BACKWARD_NO_INTERRUPT,
         };
 
+        pseudo(JUMP_IF_FALSE, (cond -- cond)) = [
+            COPY, TO_BOOL, POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE,
+        ];
+
+        pseudo(JUMP_IF_TRUE, (cond -- cond)) = [
+            COPY, TO_BOOL, POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE,
+        ];
+
         tier1 inst(ENTER_EXECUTOR, (--)) {
             #ifdef _Py_TIER2
             PyCodeObject *code = _PyFrame_GetCode(frame);
@@ -2449,8 +2662,9 @@ dummy_func(
         }
 
         replaced op(_POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE, (cond -- )) {
-            assert(PyBool_Check(cond));
-            int flag = Py_IsFalse(cond);
+            assert(PyStackRef_BoolCheck(cond));
+            int flag = PyStackRef_Is(cond, PyStackRef_False);
+            DEAD(cond);
             #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
             this_instr[1].cache = (this_instr[1].cache << 1) | flag;
             #endif
@@ -2458,8 +2672,9 @@ dummy_func(
         }
 
         replaced op(_POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE, (cond -- )) {
-            assert(PyBool_Check(cond));
-            int flag = Py_IsTrue(cond);
+            assert(PyStackRef_BoolCheck(cond));
+            int flag = PyStackRef_Is(cond, PyStackRef_True);
+            DEAD(cond);
             #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
             this_instr[1].cache = (this_instr[1].cache << 1) | flag;
             #endif
@@ -2467,11 +2682,12 @@ dummy_func(
         }
 
         op(_IS_NONE, (value -- b)) {
-            if (Py_IsNone(value)) {
-                b = Py_True;
+            if (PyStackRef_Is(value, PyStackRef_None)) {
+                b = PyStackRef_True;
+                DEAD(value);
             }
             else {
-                b = Py_False;
+                b = PyStackRef_False;
                 DECREF_INPUTS();
             }
         }
@@ -2493,55 +2709,64 @@ dummy_func(
             JUMPBY(-oparg);
         }
 
-        inst(GET_LEN, (obj -- obj, len_o)) {
+        inst(GET_LEN, (obj -- obj, len)) {
             // PUSH(len(TOS))
-            Py_ssize_t len_i = PyObject_Length(obj);
+            Py_ssize_t len_i = PyObject_Length(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(obj));
             ERROR_IF(len_i < 0, error);
-            len_o = PyLong_FromSsize_t(len_i);
+            PyObject *len_o = PyLong_FromSsize_t(len_i);
             ERROR_IF(len_o == NULL, error);
+            len = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(len_o);
         }
 
         inst(MATCH_CLASS, (subject, type, names -- attrs)) {
             // Pop TOS and TOS1. Set TOS to a tuple of attributes on success, or
             // None on failure.
-            assert(PyTuple_CheckExact(names));
-            attrs = _PyEval_MatchClass(tstate, subject, type, oparg, names);
+            assert(PyTuple_CheckExact(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(names)));
+            PyObject *attrs_o = _PyEval_MatchClass(tstate,
+                PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(subject),
+                PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(type), oparg,
+                PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(names));
             DECREF_INPUTS();
-            if (attrs) {
-                assert(PyTuple_CheckExact(attrs));  // Success!
+            if (attrs_o) {
+                assert(PyTuple_CheckExact(attrs_o));  // Success!
+                attrs = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(attrs_o);
             }
             else {
                 ERROR_IF(_PyErr_Occurred(tstate), error);  // Error!
-                attrs = Py_None;  // Failure!
+                attrs = PyStackRef_None;  // Failure!
             }
         }
 
         inst(MATCH_MAPPING, (subject -- subject, res)) {
-            int match = Py_TYPE(subject)->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_MAPPING;
-            res = match ? Py_True : Py_False;
+            int match = PyStackRef_TYPE(subject)->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_MAPPING;
+            res = match ? PyStackRef_True : PyStackRef_False;
         }
 
         inst(MATCH_SEQUENCE, (subject -- subject, res)) {
-            int match = Py_TYPE(subject)->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_SEQUENCE;
-            res = match ? Py_True : Py_False;
+            int match = PyStackRef_TYPE(subject)->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_SEQUENCE;
+            res = match ? PyStackRef_True : PyStackRef_False;
         }
 
         inst(MATCH_KEYS, (subject, keys -- subject, keys, values_or_none)) {
             // On successful match, PUSH(values). Otherwise, PUSH(None).
-            values_or_none = _PyEval_MatchKeys(tstate, subject, keys);
-            ERROR_IF(values_or_none == NULL, error);
+            PyObject *values_or_none_o = _PyEval_MatchKeys(tstate,
+                PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(subject), PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(keys));
+            ERROR_IF(values_or_none_o == NULL, error);
+            values_or_none = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(values_or_none_o);
         }
 
         inst(GET_ITER, (iterable -- iter)) {
             /* before: [obj]; after [getiter(obj)] */
-            iter = PyObject_GetIter(iterable);
+            PyObject *iter_o = PyObject_GetIter(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(iterable));
             DECREF_INPUTS();
-            ERROR_IF(iter == NULL, error);
+            ERROR_IF(iter_o == NULL, error);
+            iter = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(iter_o);
         }
 
         inst(GET_YIELD_FROM_ITER, (iterable -- iter)) {
             /* before: [obj]; after [getiter(obj)] */
-            if (PyCoro_CheckExact(iterable)) {
+            PyObject *iterable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(iterable);
+            if (PyCoro_CheckExact(iterable_o)) {
                 /* `iterable` is a coroutine */
                 if (!(_PyFrame_GetCode(frame)->co_flags & (CO_COROUTINE | CO_ITERABLE_COROUTINE))) {
                     /* and it is used in a 'yield from' expression of a
@@ -2552,14 +2777,17 @@ dummy_func(
                     ERROR_NO_POP();
                 }
                 iter = iterable;
+                DEAD(iterable);
             }
-            else if (PyGen_CheckExact(iterable)) {
+            else if (PyGen_CheckExact(iterable_o)) {
                 iter = iterable;
+                DEAD(iterable);
             }
             else {
                 /* `iterable` is not a generator. */
-                iter = PyObject_GetIter(iterable);
-                if (iter == NULL) {
+                iter = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(PyObject_GetIter(iterable_o));
+                DEAD(iterable);
+                if (PyStackRef_IsNull(iter)) {
                     ERROR_NO_POP();
                 }
                 DECREF_INPUTS();
@@ -2586,48 +2814,55 @@ dummy_func(
                 _Py_Specialize_ForIter(iter, next_instr, oparg);
                 DISPATCH_SAME_OPARG();
             }
-            STAT_INC(FOR_ITER, deferred);
+            OPCODE_DEFERRED_INC(FOR_ITER);
             ADVANCE_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(this_instr[1].counter);
             #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
         }
 
         replaced op(_FOR_ITER, (iter -- iter, next)) {
             /* before: [iter]; after: [iter, iter()] *or* [] (and jump over END_FOR.) */
-            next = (*Py_TYPE(iter)->tp_iternext)(iter);
-            if (next == NULL) {
+            PyObject *iter_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(iter);
+            PyObject *next_o = (*Py_TYPE(iter_o)->tp_iternext)(iter_o);
+            if (next_o == NULL) {
                 if (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
-                    if (!_PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_StopIteration)) {
+                    int matches = _PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_StopIteration);
+                    if (!matches) {
                         ERROR_NO_POP();
                     }
-                    monitor_raise(tstate, frame, this_instr);
+                    _PyEval_MonitorRaise(tstate, frame, this_instr);
                     _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
                 }
                 /* iterator ended normally */
                 assert(next_instr[oparg].op.code == END_FOR ||
                        next_instr[oparg].op.code == INSTRUMENTED_END_FOR);
-                Py_DECREF(iter);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(iter);
                 STACK_SHRINK(1);
                 /* Jump forward oparg, then skip following END_FOR and POP_TOP instruction */
                 JUMPBY(oparg + 2);
                 DISPATCH();
             }
+            next = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(next_o);
             // Common case: no jump, leave it to the code generator
         }
 
         op(_FOR_ITER_TIER_TWO, (iter -- iter, next)) {
             /* before: [iter]; after: [iter, iter()] *or* [] (and jump over END_FOR.) */
-            next = (*Py_TYPE(iter)->tp_iternext)(iter);
-            if (next == NULL) {
+            PyObject *iter_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(iter);
+            PyObject *next_o = (*Py_TYPE(iter_o)->tp_iternext)(iter_o);
+            if (next_o == NULL) {
                 if (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
-                    if (!_PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_StopIteration)) {
+                    int matches = _PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_StopIteration);
+                    if (!matches) {
                         ERROR_NO_POP();
                     }
+                    _PyEval_MonitorRaise(tstate, frame, frame->instr_ptr);
                     _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
                 }
                 /* iterator ended normally */
                 /* The translator sets the deopt target just past the matching END_FOR */
-                DEOPT_IF(true);
+                EXIT_IF(true);
             }
+            next = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(next_o);
             // Common case: no jump, leave it to the code generator
         }
 
@@ -2635,25 +2870,27 @@ dummy_func(
 
         inst(INSTRUMENTED_FOR_ITER, (unused/1 -- )) {
             _Py_CODEUNIT *target;
-            PyObject *iter = TOP();
+            _PyStackRef iter_stackref = TOP();
+            PyObject *iter = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(iter_stackref);
             PyObject *next = (*Py_TYPE(iter)->tp_iternext)(iter);
             if (next != NULL) {
-                PUSH(next);
+                PUSH(PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(next));
                 target = next_instr;
             }
             else {
                 if (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
-                    if (!_PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_StopIteration)) {
+                    int matches = _PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_StopIteration);
+                    if (!matches) {
                         ERROR_NO_POP();
                     }
-                    monitor_raise(tstate, frame, this_instr);
+                    _PyEval_MonitorRaise(tstate, frame, this_instr);
                     _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
                 }
                 /* iterator ended normally */
                 assert(next_instr[oparg].op.code == END_FOR ||
                        next_instr[oparg].op.code == INSTRUMENTED_END_FOR);
                 STACK_SHRINK(1);
-                Py_DECREF(iter);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(iter_stackref);
                 /* Skip END_FOR and POP_TOP */
                 target = next_instr + oparg + 2;
             }
@@ -2661,12 +2898,13 @@ dummy_func(
         }
 
         op(_ITER_CHECK_LIST, (iter -- iter)) {
-            EXIT_IF(Py_TYPE(iter) != &PyListIter_Type);
+            EXIT_IF(Py_TYPE(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(iter)) != &PyListIter_Type);
         }
 
         replaced op(_ITER_JUMP_LIST, (iter -- iter)) {
-            _PyListIterObject *it = (_PyListIterObject *)iter;
-            assert(Py_TYPE(iter) == &PyListIter_Type);
+            PyObject *iter_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(iter);
+            _PyListIterObject *it = (_PyListIterObject *)iter_o;
+            assert(Py_TYPE(iter_o) == &PyListIter_Type);
             STAT_INC(FOR_ITER, hit);
             PyListObject *seq = it->it_seq;
             if (seq == NULL || (size_t)it->it_index >= (size_t)PyList_GET_SIZE(seq)) {
@@ -2677,7 +2915,7 @@ dummy_func(
                     Py_DECREF(seq);
                 }
                 #endif
-                Py_DECREF(iter);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(iter);
                 STACK_SHRINK(1);
                 /* Jump forward oparg, then skip following END_FOR and POP_TOP instructions */
                 JUMPBY(oparg + 2);
@@ -2687,20 +2925,25 @@ dummy_func(
 
         // Only used by Tier 2
         op(_GUARD_NOT_EXHAUSTED_LIST, (iter -- iter)) {
-            _PyListIterObject *it = (_PyListIterObject *)iter;
-            assert(Py_TYPE(iter) == &PyListIter_Type);
+            PyObject *iter_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(iter);
+            _PyListIterObject *it = (_PyListIterObject *)iter_o;
+            assert(Py_TYPE(iter_o) == &PyListIter_Type);
             PyListObject *seq = it->it_seq;
             EXIT_IF(seq == NULL);
-            EXIT_IF((size_t)it->it_index >= (size_t)PyList_GET_SIZE(seq));
+            if ((size_t)it->it_index >= (size_t)PyList_GET_SIZE(seq)) {
+                it->it_index = -1;
+                EXIT_IF(1);
+            }
         }
 
         op(_ITER_NEXT_LIST, (iter -- iter, next)) {
-            _PyListIterObject *it = (_PyListIterObject *)iter;
-            assert(Py_TYPE(iter) == &PyListIter_Type);
+            PyObject *iter_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(iter);
+            _PyListIterObject *it = (_PyListIterObject *)iter_o;
+            assert(Py_TYPE(iter_o) == &PyListIter_Type);
             PyListObject *seq = it->it_seq;
             assert(seq);
             assert(it->it_index < PyList_GET_SIZE(seq));
-            next = Py_NewRef(PyList_GET_ITEM(seq, it->it_index++));
+            next = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(PyList_GET_ITEM(seq, it->it_index++));
         }
 
         macro(FOR_ITER_LIST) =
@@ -2710,12 +2953,13 @@ dummy_func(
             _ITER_NEXT_LIST;
 
         op(_ITER_CHECK_TUPLE, (iter -- iter)) {
-            EXIT_IF(Py_TYPE(iter) != &PyTupleIter_Type);
+            EXIT_IF(Py_TYPE(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(iter)) != &PyTupleIter_Type);
         }
 
         replaced op(_ITER_JUMP_TUPLE, (iter -- iter)) {
-            _PyTupleIterObject *it = (_PyTupleIterObject *)iter;
-            assert(Py_TYPE(iter) == &PyTupleIter_Type);
+            PyObject *iter_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(iter);
+            _PyTupleIterObject *it = (_PyTupleIterObject *)iter_o;
+            assert(Py_TYPE(iter_o) == &PyTupleIter_Type);
             STAT_INC(FOR_ITER, hit);
             PyTupleObject *seq = it->it_seq;
             if (seq == NULL || it->it_index >= PyTuple_GET_SIZE(seq)) {
@@ -2723,7 +2967,7 @@ dummy_func(
                     it->it_seq = NULL;
                     Py_DECREF(seq);
                 }
-                Py_DECREF(iter);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(iter);
                 STACK_SHRINK(1);
                 /* Jump forward oparg, then skip following END_FOR and POP_TOP instructions */
                 JUMPBY(oparg + 2);
@@ -2733,20 +2977,22 @@ dummy_func(
 
         // Only used by Tier 2
         op(_GUARD_NOT_EXHAUSTED_TUPLE, (iter -- iter)) {
-            _PyTupleIterObject *it = (_PyTupleIterObject *)iter;
-            assert(Py_TYPE(iter) == &PyTupleIter_Type);
+            PyObject *iter_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(iter);
+            _PyTupleIterObject *it = (_PyTupleIterObject *)iter_o;
+            assert(Py_TYPE(iter_o) == &PyTupleIter_Type);
             PyTupleObject *seq = it->it_seq;
             EXIT_IF(seq == NULL);
             EXIT_IF(it->it_index >= PyTuple_GET_SIZE(seq));
         }
 
         op(_ITER_NEXT_TUPLE, (iter -- iter, next)) {
-            _PyTupleIterObject *it = (_PyTupleIterObject *)iter;
-            assert(Py_TYPE(iter) == &PyTupleIter_Type);
+            PyObject *iter_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(iter);
+            _PyTupleIterObject *it = (_PyTupleIterObject *)iter_o;
+            assert(Py_TYPE(iter_o) == &PyTupleIter_Type);
             PyTupleObject *seq = it->it_seq;
             assert(seq);
             assert(it->it_index < PyTuple_GET_SIZE(seq));
-            next = Py_NewRef(PyTuple_GET_ITEM(seq, it->it_index++));
+            next = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(PyTuple_GET_ITEM(seq, it->it_index++));
         }
 
         macro(FOR_ITER_TUPLE) =
@@ -2756,17 +3002,17 @@ dummy_func(
             _ITER_NEXT_TUPLE;
 
         op(_ITER_CHECK_RANGE, (iter -- iter)) {
-            _PyRangeIterObject *r = (_PyRangeIterObject *)iter;
+            _PyRangeIterObject *r = (_PyRangeIterObject *)PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(iter);
             EXIT_IF(Py_TYPE(r) != &PyRangeIter_Type);
         }
 
         replaced op(_ITER_JUMP_RANGE, (iter -- iter)) {
-            _PyRangeIterObject *r = (_PyRangeIterObject *)iter;
+            _PyRangeIterObject *r = (_PyRangeIterObject *)PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(iter);
             assert(Py_TYPE(r) == &PyRangeIter_Type);
             STAT_INC(FOR_ITER, hit);
             if (r->len <= 0) {
                 STACK_SHRINK(1);
-                Py_DECREF(r);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(iter);
                 // Jump over END_FOR and POP_TOP instructions.
                 JUMPBY(oparg + 2);
                 DISPATCH();
@@ -2775,20 +3021,21 @@ dummy_func(
 
         // Only used by Tier 2
         op(_GUARD_NOT_EXHAUSTED_RANGE, (iter -- iter)) {
-            _PyRangeIterObject *r = (_PyRangeIterObject *)iter;
+            _PyRangeIterObject *r = (_PyRangeIterObject *)PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(iter);
             assert(Py_TYPE(r) == &PyRangeIter_Type);
             EXIT_IF(r->len <= 0);
         }
 
         op(_ITER_NEXT_RANGE, (iter -- iter, next)) {
-            _PyRangeIterObject *r = (_PyRangeIterObject *)iter;
+            _PyRangeIterObject *r = (_PyRangeIterObject *)PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(iter);
             assert(Py_TYPE(r) == &PyRangeIter_Type);
             assert(r->len > 0);
             long value = r->start;
             r->start = value + r->step;
             r->len--;
-            next = PyLong_FromLong(value);
-            ERROR_IF(next == NULL, error);
+            PyObject *res = PyLong_FromLong(value);
+            ERROR_IF(res == NULL, error);
+            next = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res);
         }
 
         macro(FOR_ITER_RANGE) =
@@ -2798,15 +3045,16 @@ dummy_func(
             _ITER_NEXT_RANGE;
 
         op(_FOR_ITER_GEN_FRAME, (iter -- iter, gen_frame: _PyInterpreterFrame*)) {
-            PyGenObject *gen = (PyGenObject *)iter;
+            PyGenObject *gen = (PyGenObject *)PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(iter);
             DEOPT_IF(Py_TYPE(gen) != &PyGen_Type);
             DEOPT_IF(gen->gi_frame_state >= FRAME_EXECUTING);
             STAT_INC(FOR_ITER, hit);
-            gen_frame = (_PyInterpreterFrame *)gen->gi_iframe;
-            _PyFrame_StackPush(gen_frame, Py_None);
+            gen_frame = &gen->gi_iframe;
+            _PyFrame_StackPush(gen_frame, PyStackRef_None);
             gen->gi_frame_state = FRAME_EXECUTING;
             gen->gi_exc_state.previous_item = tstate->exc_info;
             tstate->exc_info = &gen->gi_exc_state;
+            gen_frame->previous = frame;
             // oparg is the return offset from the next instruction.
             frame->return_offset = (uint16_t)(1 + INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_FOR_ITER + oparg);
         }
@@ -2817,99 +3065,57 @@ dummy_func(
             _FOR_ITER_GEN_FRAME +
             _PUSH_FRAME;
 
-        inst(BEFORE_ASYNC_WITH, (mgr -- exit, res)) {
-            PyObject *enter = _PyObject_LookupSpecial(mgr, &_Py_ID(__aenter__));
-            if (enter == NULL) {
+        inst(LOAD_SPECIAL, (owner -- attr, self_or_null)) {
+            assert(oparg <= SPECIAL_MAX);
+            PyObject *owner_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(owner);
+            PyObject *name = _Py_SpecialMethods[oparg].name;
+            PyObject *self_or_null_o;
+            PyObject *attr_o = _PyObject_LookupSpecialMethod(owner_o, name, &self_or_null_o);
+            if (attr_o == NULL) {
                 if (!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
                     _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
-                                  "'%.200s' object does not support the "
-                                  "asynchronous context manager protocol",
-                                  Py_TYPE(mgr)->tp_name);
+                                  _Py_SpecialMethods[oparg].error,
+                                  Py_TYPE(owner_o)->tp_name);
                 }
-                ERROR_NO_POP();
-            }
-            exit = _PyObject_LookupSpecial(mgr, &_Py_ID(__aexit__));
-            if (exit == NULL) {
-                if (!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
-                    _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
-                                  "'%.200s' object does not support the "
-                                  "asynchronous context manager protocol "
-                                  "(missed __aexit__ method)",
-                                  Py_TYPE(mgr)->tp_name);
-                }
-                Py_DECREF(enter);
-                ERROR_NO_POP();
-            }
-            DECREF_INPUTS();
-            res = PyObject_CallNoArgs(enter);
-            Py_DECREF(enter);
-            if (res == NULL) {
-                Py_DECREF(exit);
-                ERROR_IF(true, error);
-            }
-        }
-
-        inst(BEFORE_WITH, (mgr -- exit, res)) {
-            /* pop the context manager, push its __exit__ and the
-             * value returned from calling its __enter__
-             */
-            PyObject *enter = _PyObject_LookupSpecial(mgr, &_Py_ID(__enter__));
-            if (enter == NULL) {
-                if (!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
-                    _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
-                                  "'%.200s' object does not support the "
-                                  "context manager protocol",
-                                  Py_TYPE(mgr)->tp_name);
-                }
-                ERROR_NO_POP();
-            }
-            exit = _PyObject_LookupSpecial(mgr, &_Py_ID(__exit__));
-            if (exit == NULL) {
-                if (!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
-                    _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
-                                  "'%.200s' object does not support the "
-                                  "context manager protocol "
-                                  "(missed __exit__ method)",
-                                  Py_TYPE(mgr)->tp_name);
-                }
-                Py_DECREF(enter);
-                ERROR_NO_POP();
-            }
-            DECREF_INPUTS();
-            res = PyObject_CallNoArgs(enter);
-            Py_DECREF(enter);
-            if (res == NULL) {
-                Py_DECREF(exit);
                 ERROR_IF(true, error);
             }
+            attr = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(attr_o);
+            self_or_null = self_or_null_o == NULL ?
+                PyStackRef_NULL : PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(self_or_null_o);
         }
 
-        inst(WITH_EXCEPT_START, (exit_func, lasti, unused, val -- exit_func, lasti, unused, val, res)) {
+        inst(WITH_EXCEPT_START, (exit_func, exit_self, lasti, unused, val -- exit_func, exit_self, lasti, unused, val, res)) {
             /* At the top of the stack are 4 values:
                - val: TOP = exc_info()
                - unused: SECOND = previous exception
                - lasti: THIRD = lasti of exception in exc_info()
-               - exit_func: FOURTH = the context.__exit__ bound method
+               - exit_self: FOURTH = the context or NULL
+               - exit_func: FIFTH = the context.__exit__ function or context.__exit__ bound method
                We call FOURTH(type(TOP), TOP, GetTraceback(TOP)).
                Then we push the __exit__ return value.
             */
             PyObject *exc, *tb;
 
-            assert(val && PyExceptionInstance_Check(val));
-            exc = PyExceptionInstance_Class(val);
-            tb = PyException_GetTraceback(val);
+            PyObject *val_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(val);
+            PyObject *exit_func_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(exit_func);
+
+            assert(val_o && PyExceptionInstance_Check(val_o));
+            exc = PyExceptionInstance_Class(val_o);
+            tb = PyException_GetTraceback(val_o);
             if (tb == NULL) {
                 tb = Py_None;
             }
             else {
                 Py_DECREF(tb);
             }
-            assert(PyLong_Check(lasti));
+            assert(PyStackRef_LongCheck(lasti));
             (void)lasti; // Shut up compiler warning if asserts are off
-            PyObject *stack[4] = {NULL, exc, val, tb};
-            res = PyObject_Vectorcall(exit_func, stack + 1,
-                    3 | PY_VECTORCALL_ARGUMENTS_OFFSET, NULL);
-            ERROR_IF(res == NULL, error);
+            PyObject *stack[5] = {NULL, PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(exit_self), exc, val_o, tb};
+            int has_self = !PyStackRef_IsNull(exit_self);
+            PyObject *res_o = PyObject_Vectorcall(exit_func_o, stack + 2 - has_self,
+                    (3 + has_self) | PY_VECTORCALL_ARGUMENTS_OFFSET, NULL);
+            ERROR_IF(res_o == NULL, error);
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
         }
 
         pseudo(SETUP_FINALLY, (-- unused), (HAS_ARG)) = {
@@ -2936,25 +3142,29 @@ dummy_func(
             NOP,
         };
 
-        inst(PUSH_EXC_INFO, (new_exc -- prev_exc, new_exc)) {
+        inst(PUSH_EXC_INFO, (exc -- prev_exc, new_exc)) {
+
             _PyErr_StackItem *exc_info = tstate->exc_info;
             if (exc_info->exc_value != NULL) {
-                prev_exc = exc_info->exc_value;
+                prev_exc = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(exc_info->exc_value);
             }
             else {
-                prev_exc = Py_None;
+                prev_exc = PyStackRef_None;
             }
-            assert(PyExceptionInstance_Check(new_exc));
-            exc_info->exc_value = Py_NewRef(new_exc);
+            assert(PyStackRef_ExceptionInstanceCheck(exc));
+            exc_info->exc_value = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectNew(exc);
+            new_exc = exc;
+            DEAD(exc);
         }
 
         op(_GUARD_DORV_VALUES_INST_ATTR_FROM_DICT, (owner -- owner)) {
-            assert(Py_TYPE(owner)->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_INLINE_VALUES);
-            DEOPT_IF(!_PyObject_InlineValues(owner)->valid);
+            PyObject *owner_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner);
+            assert(Py_TYPE(owner_o)->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_INLINE_VALUES);
+            DEOPT_IF(!_PyObject_InlineValues(owner_o)->valid);
         }
 
         op(_GUARD_KEYS_VERSION, (keys_version/2, owner -- owner)) {
-            PyTypeObject *owner_cls = Py_TYPE(owner);
+            PyTypeObject *owner_cls = Py_TYPE(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner));
             PyHeapTypeObject *owner_heap_type = (PyHeapTypeObject *)owner_cls;
             DEOPT_IF(owner_heap_type->ht_cached_keys->dk_version != keys_version);
         }
@@ -2964,9 +3174,10 @@ dummy_func(
             /* Cached method object */
             STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
             assert(descr != NULL);
-            attr = Py_NewRef(descr);
-            assert(_PyType_HasFeature(Py_TYPE(attr), Py_TPFLAGS_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR));
+            assert(_PyType_HasFeature(Py_TYPE(descr), Py_TPFLAGS_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR));
+            attr = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(descr);
             self = owner;
+            DEAD(owner);
         }
 
         macro(LOAD_ATTR_METHOD_WITH_VALUES) =
@@ -2978,12 +3189,13 @@ dummy_func(
 
         op(_LOAD_ATTR_METHOD_NO_DICT, (descr/4, owner -- attr, self if (1))) {
             assert(oparg & 1);
-            assert(Py_TYPE(owner)->tp_dictoffset == 0);
+            assert(Py_TYPE(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner))->tp_dictoffset == 0);
             STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
             assert(descr != NULL);
             assert(_PyType_HasFeature(Py_TYPE(descr), Py_TPFLAGS_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR));
-            attr = Py_NewRef(descr);
+            attr = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(descr);
             self = owner;
+            DEAD(owner);
         }
 
         macro(LOAD_ATTR_METHOD_NO_DICT) =
@@ -2997,7 +3209,7 @@ dummy_func(
             STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
             assert(descr != NULL);
             DECREF_INPUTS();
-            attr = Py_NewRef(descr);
+            attr = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(descr);
         }
 
         macro(LOAD_ATTR_NONDESCRIPTOR_WITH_VALUES) =
@@ -3009,11 +3221,11 @@ dummy_func(
 
         op(_LOAD_ATTR_NONDESCRIPTOR_NO_DICT, (descr/4, owner -- attr, unused if (0))) {
             assert((oparg & 1) == 0);
-            assert(Py_TYPE(owner)->tp_dictoffset == 0);
+            assert(Py_TYPE(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner))->tp_dictoffset == 0);
             STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
             assert(descr != NULL);
             DECREF_INPUTS();
-            attr = Py_NewRef(descr);
+            attr = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(descr);
         }
 
         macro(LOAD_ATTR_NONDESCRIPTOR_NO_DICT) =
@@ -3023,7 +3235,7 @@ dummy_func(
             _LOAD_ATTR_NONDESCRIPTOR_NO_DICT;
 
         op(_CHECK_ATTR_METHOD_LAZY_DICT, (dictoffset/1, owner -- owner)) {
-            char *ptr = ((char *)owner) + MANAGED_DICT_OFFSET + dictoffset;
+            char *ptr = ((char *)PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner)) + MANAGED_DICT_OFFSET + dictoffset;
             PyObject *dict = *(PyObject **)ptr;
             /* This object has a __dict__, just not yet created */
             DEOPT_IF(dict != NULL);
@@ -3034,8 +3246,9 @@ dummy_func(
             STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
             assert(descr != NULL);
             assert(_PyType_HasFeature(Py_TYPE(descr), Py_TPFLAGS_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR));
-            attr = Py_NewRef(descr);
+            attr = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(descr);
             self = owner;
+            DEAD(owner);
         }
 
         macro(LOAD_ATTR_METHOD_LAZY_DICT) =
@@ -3045,20 +3258,6 @@ dummy_func(
             unused/1 +
             _LOAD_ATTR_METHOD_LAZY_DICT;
 
-        inst(INSTRUMENTED_CALL, (unused/3 -- )) {
-            int is_meth = PEEK(oparg + 1) != NULL;
-            int total_args = oparg + is_meth;
-            PyObject *function = PEEK(oparg + 2);
-            PyObject *arg = total_args == 0 ?
-                &_PyInstrumentation_MISSING : PEEK(total_args);
-            int err = _Py_call_instrumentation_2args(
-                    tstate, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_CALL,
-                    frame, this_instr, function, arg);
-            ERROR_IF(err, error);
-            PAUSE_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(this_instr[1].counter);
-            GO_TO_INSTRUCTION(CALL);
-        }
-
         // Cache layout: counter/1, func_version/2
         // CALL_INTRINSIC_1/2, CALL_KW, and CALL_FUNCTION_EX aren't members!
         family(CALL, INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL) = {
@@ -3084,49 +3283,53 @@ dummy_func(
             CALL_NON_PY_GENERAL,
         };
 
-        specializing op(_SPECIALIZE_CALL, (counter/1, callable, self_or_null, args[oparg] -- callable, self_or_null, args[oparg])) {
+        specializing op(_SPECIALIZE_CALL, (counter/1, callable[1], self_or_null[1], args[oparg] -- callable[1], self_or_null[1], args[oparg])) {
             #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
             if (ADAPTIVE_COUNTER_TRIGGERS(counter)) {
                 next_instr = this_instr;
-                _Py_Specialize_Call(callable, next_instr, oparg + (self_or_null != NULL));
+                _Py_Specialize_Call(callable[0], next_instr, oparg + !PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0]));
                 DISPATCH_SAME_OPARG();
             }
-            STAT_INC(CALL, deferred);
+            OPCODE_DEFERRED_INC(CALL);
             ADVANCE_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(this_instr[1].counter);
             #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
         }
 
+        op(_MAYBE_EXPAND_METHOD, (callable[1], self_or_null[1], args[oparg] -- func[1], maybe_self[1], args[oparg])) {
+            if (PyStackRef_TYPE(callable[0]) == &PyMethod_Type && PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])) {
+                PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
+                PyObject *self = ((PyMethodObject *)callable_o)->im_self;
+                maybe_self[0] = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(self);
+                PyObject *method = ((PyMethodObject *)callable_o)->im_func;
+                _PyStackRef temp = callable[0];
+                func[0] = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(method);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(temp);
+            }
+        }
+
         // When calling Python, inline the call using DISPATCH_INLINED().
-        op(_CALL, (callable, self_or_null, args[oparg] -- res)) {
+        op(_DO_CALL, (callable[1], self_or_null[1], args[oparg] -- res)) {
+            PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
+
             // oparg counts all of the args, but *not* self:
             int total_args = oparg;
-            if (self_or_null != NULL) {
-                args--;
-                total_args++;
-            }
-            else if (Py_TYPE(callable) == &PyMethod_Type) {
+            if (!PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])) {
                 args--;
                 total_args++;
-                PyObject *self = ((PyMethodObject *)callable)->im_self;
-                args[0] = Py_NewRef(self);
-                PyObject *method = ((PyMethodObject *)callable)->im_func;
-                args[-1] = Py_NewRef(method);
-                Py_DECREF(callable);
-                callable = method;
             }
             // Check if the call can be inlined or not
-            if (Py_TYPE(callable) == &PyFunction_Type &&
+            if (Py_TYPE(callable_o) == &PyFunction_Type &&
                 tstate->interp->eval_frame == NULL &&
-                ((PyFunctionObject *)callable)->vectorcall == _PyFunction_Vectorcall)
+                ((PyFunctionObject *)callable_o)->vectorcall == _PyFunction_Vectorcall)
             {
-                int code_flags = ((PyCodeObject*)PyFunction_GET_CODE(callable))->co_flags;
-                PyObject *locals = code_flags & CO_OPTIMIZED ? NULL : Py_NewRef(PyFunction_GET_GLOBALS(callable));
+                int code_flags = ((PyCodeObject*)PyFunction_GET_CODE(callable_o))->co_flags;
+                PyObject *locals = code_flags & CO_OPTIMIZED ? NULL : Py_NewRef(PyFunction_GET_GLOBALS(callable_o));
                 _PyInterpreterFrame *new_frame = _PyEvalFramePushAndInit(
-                    tstate, (PyFunctionObject *)callable, locals,
-                    args, total_args, NULL
+                    tstate, callable[0], locals,
+                    args, total_args, NULL, frame
                 );
                 // Manipulate stack directly since we leave using DISPATCH_INLINED().
-                STACK_SHRINK(oparg + 2);
+                SYNC_SP();
                 // The frame has stolen all the arguments from the stack,
                 // so there is no need to clean them up.
                 if (new_frame == NULL) {
@@ -3136,66 +3339,100 @@ dummy_func(
                 DISPATCH_INLINED(new_frame);
             }
             /* Callable is not a normal Python function */
-            res = PyObject_Vectorcall(
-                callable, args,
+            STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS(args, total_args, args_o);
+            if (CONVERSION_FAILED(args_o)) {
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
+                for (int i = 0; i < total_args; i++) {
+                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(args[i]);
+                }
+                DEAD(self_or_null);
+                ERROR_IF(true, error);
+            }
+            PyObject *res_o = PyObject_Vectorcall(
+                callable_o, args_o,
                 total_args | PY_VECTORCALL_ARGUMENTS_OFFSET,
                 NULL);
+            STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS_CLEANUP(args_o);
             if (opcode == INSTRUMENTED_CALL) {
                 PyObject *arg = total_args == 0 ?
-                    &_PyInstrumentation_MISSING : args[0];
-                if (res == NULL) {
+                    &_PyInstrumentation_MISSING : PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(args[0]);
+                if (res_o == NULL) {
                     _Py_call_instrumentation_exc2(
                         tstate, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_C_RAISE,
-                        frame, this_instr, callable, arg);
+                        frame, this_instr, callable_o, arg);
                 }
                 else {
                     int err = _Py_call_instrumentation_2args(
                         tstate, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_C_RETURN,
-                        frame, this_instr, callable, arg);
+                        frame, this_instr, callable_o, arg);
                     if (err < 0) {
-                        Py_CLEAR(res);
+                        Py_CLEAR(res_o);
                     }
                 }
             }
-            assert((res != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
-            Py_DECREF(callable);
+            assert((res_o != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
             for (int i = 0; i < total_args; i++) {
-                Py_DECREF(args[i]);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(args[i]);
             }
-            ERROR_IF(res == NULL, error);
+            DEAD(self_or_null);
+            ERROR_IF(res_o == NULL, error);
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
         }
 
-        op(_CHECK_PERIODIC, (--)) {
-            CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
+        op(_MONITOR_CALL, (func[1], maybe_self[1], args[oparg] -- func[1], maybe_self[1], args[oparg])) {
+            int is_meth = !PyStackRef_IsNull(maybe_self[0]);
+            PyObject *function = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(func[0]);
+            PyObject *arg0;
+            if (is_meth) {
+                arg0 = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(maybe_self[0]);
+            }
+            else if (oparg) {
+                arg0 = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(args[0]);
+            }
+            else {
+                arg0 = &_PyInstrumentation_MISSING;
+            }
+            SYNC_SP();
+            int err = _Py_call_instrumentation_2args(
+                tstate, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_CALL,
+                frame, this_instr, function, arg0
+            );
+            ERROR_IF(err, error);
         }
 
-        macro(CALL) = _SPECIALIZE_CALL + unused/2 + _CALL + _CHECK_PERIODIC;
+        macro(CALL) = _SPECIALIZE_CALL + unused/2 + _MAYBE_EXPAND_METHOD + _DO_CALL + _CHECK_PERIODIC;
+        macro(INSTRUMENTED_CALL) = unused/3 + _MAYBE_EXPAND_METHOD + _MONITOR_CALL + _DO_CALL + _CHECK_PERIODIC;
+
+        op(_PY_FRAME_GENERAL, (callable[1], self_or_null[1], args[oparg] -- new_frame: _PyInterpreterFrame*)) {
+            PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
 
-        op(_PY_FRAME_GENERAL, (callable, self_or_null, args[oparg] -- new_frame: _PyInterpreterFrame*)) {
             // oparg counts all of the args, but *not* self:
             int total_args = oparg;
-            if (self_or_null != NULL) {
+            if (!PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])) {
                 args--;
                 total_args++;
             }
-            assert(Py_TYPE(callable) == &PyFunction_Type);
-            int code_flags = ((PyCodeObject*)PyFunction_GET_CODE(callable))->co_flags;
-            PyObject *locals = code_flags & CO_OPTIMIZED ? NULL : Py_NewRef(PyFunction_GET_GLOBALS(callable));
-            new_frame = _PyEvalFramePushAndInit(
-                tstate, (PyFunctionObject *)callable, locals,
-                args, total_args, NULL
+            assert(Py_TYPE(callable_o) == &PyFunction_Type);
+            int code_flags = ((PyCodeObject*)PyFunction_GET_CODE(callable_o))->co_flags;
+            PyObject *locals = code_flags & CO_OPTIMIZED ? NULL : Py_NewRef(PyFunction_GET_GLOBALS(callable_o));
+            _PyInterpreterFrame *temp = _PyEvalFramePushAndInit(
+                tstate, callable[0], locals,
+                args, total_args, NULL, frame
             );
-            // The frame has stolen all the arguments from the stack,
-            // so there is no need to clean them up.
+            // The frame has stolen all the arguments from the stack.
+            INPUTS_DEAD();
             SYNC_SP();
-            if (new_frame == NULL) {
+            if (temp == NULL) {
                 ERROR_NO_POP();
             }
+            new_frame = temp;
         }
 
-        op(_CHECK_FUNCTION_VERSION, (func_version/2, callable, unused, unused[oparg] -- callable, unused, unused[oparg])) {
-            EXIT_IF(!PyFunction_Check(callable));
-            PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)callable;
+        op(_CHECK_FUNCTION_VERSION, (func_version/2, callable[1], self_or_null[1], unused[oparg] -- callable[1], self_or_null[1], unused[oparg])) {
+            PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
+            EXIT_IF(!PyFunction_Check(callable_o));
+            PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)callable_o;
             EXIT_IF(func->func_version != func_version);
         }
 
@@ -3207,24 +3444,26 @@ dummy_func(
             _SAVE_RETURN_OFFSET +
             _PUSH_FRAME;
 
-        op(_CHECK_METHOD_VERSION, (func_version/2, callable, null, unused[oparg] -- callable, null, unused[oparg])) {
-            EXIT_IF(Py_TYPE(callable) != &PyMethod_Type);
-            PyObject *func = ((PyMethodObject *)callable)->im_func;
+        op(_CHECK_METHOD_VERSION, (func_version/2, callable[1], null[1], unused[oparg] -- callable[1], null[1], unused[oparg])) {
+            PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
+
+            EXIT_IF(Py_TYPE(callable_o) != &PyMethod_Type);
+            PyObject *func = ((PyMethodObject *)callable_o)->im_func;
             EXIT_IF(!PyFunction_Check(func));
             EXIT_IF(((PyFunctionObject *)func)->func_version != func_version);
-            EXIT_IF(null != NULL);
+            EXIT_IF(!PyStackRef_IsNull(null[0]));
         }
 
-        op(_EXPAND_METHOD, (callable, null, unused[oparg] -- method, self, unused[oparg])) {
-            assert(null == NULL);
-            assert(Py_TYPE(callable) == &PyMethod_Type);
-            self = ((PyMethodObject *)callable)->im_self;
-            Py_INCREF(self);
-            stack_pointer[-1 - oparg] = self;  // Patch stack as it is used by _PY_FRAME_GENERAL
-            method = ((PyMethodObject *)callable)->im_func;
-            assert(PyFunction_Check(method));
-            Py_INCREF(method);
-            Py_DECREF(callable);
+        op(_EXPAND_METHOD, (callable[1], null[1], unused[oparg] -- method[1], self[1], unused[oparg])) {
+            PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
+            assert(PyStackRef_IsNull(null[0]));
+            DEAD(null);
+            assert(Py_TYPE(callable_o) == &PyMethod_Type);
+            self[0] = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(((PyMethodObject *)callable_o)->im_self);
+            _PyStackRef temp = callable[0];
+            method[0] = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(((PyMethodObject *)callable_o)->im_func);
+            assert(PyStackRef_FunctionCheck(method[0]));
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(temp);
         }
 
         macro(CALL_BOUND_METHOD_GENERAL) =
@@ -3232,35 +3471,47 @@ dummy_func(
             _CHECK_PEP_523 +
             _CHECK_METHOD_VERSION +
             _EXPAND_METHOD +
+            flush + // so that self is in the argument array
             _PY_FRAME_GENERAL +
             _SAVE_RETURN_OFFSET +
             _PUSH_FRAME;
 
-        op(_CHECK_IS_NOT_PY_CALLABLE, (callable, unused, unused[oparg] -- callable, unused, unused[oparg])) {
-            EXIT_IF(PyFunction_Check(callable));
-            EXIT_IF(Py_TYPE(callable) == &PyMethod_Type);
+        op(_CHECK_IS_NOT_PY_CALLABLE, (callable[1], unused[1], unused[oparg] -- callable[1], unused[1], unused[oparg])) {
+            PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
+            EXIT_IF(PyFunction_Check(callable_o));
+            EXIT_IF(Py_TYPE(callable_o) == &PyMethod_Type);
         }
 
-        op(_CALL_NON_PY_GENERAL, (callable, self_or_null, args[oparg] -- res)) {
+        op(_CALL_NON_PY_GENERAL, (callable[1], self_or_null[1], args[oparg] -- res)) {
 #if TIER_ONE
             assert(opcode != INSTRUMENTED_CALL);
 #endif
+            PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
+
             int total_args = oparg;
-            if (self_or_null != NULL) {
+            if (!PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])) {
                 args--;
                 total_args++;
             }
             /* Callable is not a normal Python function */
-            res = PyObject_Vectorcall(
-                callable, args,
+            STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS(args, total_args, args_o);
+            if (CONVERSION_FAILED(args_o)) {
+                DECREF_INPUTS();
+                ERROR_IF(true, error);
+            }
+            PyObject *res_o = PyObject_Vectorcall(
+                callable_o, args_o,
                 total_args | PY_VECTORCALL_ARGUMENTS_OFFSET,
                 NULL);
-            assert((res != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
-            Py_DECREF(callable);
+            STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS_CLEANUP(args_o);
+            assert((res_o != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
             for (int i = 0; i < total_args; i++) {
-                Py_DECREF(args[i]);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(args[i]);
             }
-            ERROR_IF(res == NULL, error);
+            DEAD(self_or_null);
+            ERROR_IF(res_o == NULL, error);
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
         }
 
         macro(CALL_NON_PY_GENERAL) =
@@ -3270,59 +3521,64 @@ dummy_func(
             _CALL_NON_PY_GENERAL +
             _CHECK_PERIODIC;
 
-        op(_CHECK_CALL_BOUND_METHOD_EXACT_ARGS, (callable, null, unused[oparg] -- callable, null, unused[oparg])) {
-            EXIT_IF(null != NULL);
-            EXIT_IF(Py_TYPE(callable) != &PyMethod_Type);
+        op(_CHECK_CALL_BOUND_METHOD_EXACT_ARGS, (callable[1], null[1], unused[oparg] -- callable[1], null[1], unused[oparg])) {
+            EXIT_IF(!PyStackRef_IsNull(null[0]));
+            EXIT_IF(Py_TYPE(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0])) != &PyMethod_Type);
         }
 
-        op(_INIT_CALL_BOUND_METHOD_EXACT_ARGS, (callable, unused, unused[oparg] -- func, self, unused[oparg])) {
+        op(_INIT_CALL_BOUND_METHOD_EXACT_ARGS, (callable[1], null[1], unused[oparg] -- func[1], self[1], unused[oparg])) {
+            DEAD(null);
+            PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
             STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
-            self = Py_NewRef(((PyMethodObject *)callable)->im_self);
-            stack_pointer[-1 - oparg] = self;  // Patch stack as it is used by _INIT_CALL_PY_EXACT_ARGS
-            func = Py_NewRef(((PyMethodObject *)callable)->im_func);
-            stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = func;  // This is used by CALL, upon deoptimization
-            Py_DECREF(callable);
+            self[0] = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(((PyMethodObject *)callable_o)->im_self);
+            _PyStackRef temp = callable[0];
+            func[0] = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(((PyMethodObject *)callable_o)->im_func);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(temp);
         }
 
         op(_CHECK_PEP_523, (--)) {
             DEOPT_IF(tstate->interp->eval_frame);
         }
 
-        op(_CHECK_FUNCTION_EXACT_ARGS, (callable, self_or_null, unused[oparg] -- callable, self_or_null, unused[oparg])) {
-            assert(PyFunction_Check(callable));
-            PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)callable;
+        op(_CHECK_FUNCTION_EXACT_ARGS, (callable[1], self_or_null[1], unused[oparg] -- callable[1], self_or_null[1], unused[oparg])) {
+            PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
+            assert(PyFunction_Check(callable_o));
+            PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)callable_o;
             PyCodeObject *code = (PyCodeObject *)func->func_code;
-            EXIT_IF(code->co_argcount != oparg + (self_or_null != NULL));
+            EXIT_IF(code->co_argcount != oparg + (!PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])));
         }
 
-        op(_CHECK_STACK_SPACE, (callable, unused, unused[oparg] -- callable, unused, unused[oparg])) {
-            PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)callable;
+        op(_CHECK_STACK_SPACE, (callable[1], self_or_null[1], unused[oparg] -- callable[1], self_or_null[1], unused[oparg])) {
+            PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
+            PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)callable_o;
             PyCodeObject *code = (PyCodeObject *)func->func_code;
             DEOPT_IF(!_PyThreadState_HasStackSpace(tstate, code->co_framesize));
             DEOPT_IF(tstate->py_recursion_remaining <= 1);
         }
 
-        replicate(5) pure op(_INIT_CALL_PY_EXACT_ARGS, (callable, self_or_null, args[oparg] -- new_frame: _PyInterpreterFrame*)) {
-            int has_self = (self_or_null != NULL);
+        replicate(5) pure op(_INIT_CALL_PY_EXACT_ARGS, (callable[1], self_or_null[1], args[oparg] -- new_frame: _PyInterpreterFrame*)) {
+            int has_self = !PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0]);
             STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
-            PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)callable;
-            new_frame = _PyFrame_PushUnchecked(tstate, func, oparg + has_self);
-            PyObject **first_non_self_local = new_frame->localsplus + has_self;
-            new_frame->localsplus[0] = self_or_null;
+            new_frame = _PyFrame_PushUnchecked(tstate, callable[0], oparg + has_self, frame);
+            _PyStackRef *first_non_self_local = new_frame->localsplus + has_self;
+            new_frame->localsplus[0] = self_or_null[0];
             for (int i = 0; i < oparg; i++) {
                 first_non_self_local[i] = args[i];
             }
+            INPUTS_DEAD();
         }
 
         op(_PUSH_FRAME, (new_frame: _PyInterpreterFrame* -- )) {
             // Write it out explicitly because it's subtly different.
             // Eventually this should be the only occurrence of this code.
             assert(tstate->interp->eval_frame == NULL);
+            _PyInterpreterFrame *temp = new_frame;
+            DEAD(new_frame);
             SYNC_SP();
             _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
-            new_frame->previous = frame;
+            assert(new_frame->previous == frame || new_frame->previous->previous == frame);
             CALL_STAT_INC(inlined_py_calls);
-            frame = tstate->current_frame = new_frame;
+            frame = tstate->current_frame = temp;
             tstate->py_recursion_remaining--;
             LOAD_SP();
             LOAD_IP(0);
@@ -3334,6 +3590,7 @@ dummy_func(
             _CHECK_PEP_523 +
             _CHECK_CALL_BOUND_METHOD_EXACT_ARGS +
             _INIT_CALL_BOUND_METHOD_EXACT_ARGS +
+            flush + // In case the following deopt
             _CHECK_FUNCTION_VERSION +
             _CHECK_FUNCTION_EXACT_ARGS +
             _CHECK_STACK_SPACE +
@@ -3352,22 +3609,33 @@ dummy_func(
             _PUSH_FRAME;
 
         inst(CALL_TYPE_1, (unused/1, unused/2, callable, null, arg -- res)) {
+            PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable);
+            PyObject *arg_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(arg);
+
             assert(oparg == 1);
-            DEOPT_IF(null != NULL);
-            DEOPT_IF(callable != (PyObject *)&PyType_Type);
+            DEOPT_IF(!PyStackRef_IsNull(null));
+            DEAD(null);
+            DEOPT_IF(callable_o != (PyObject *)&PyType_Type);
+            DEAD(callable);
             STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
-            res = Py_NewRef(Py_TYPE(arg));
-            Py_DECREF(arg);
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(Py_NewRef(Py_TYPE(arg_o)));
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(arg);
         }
 
         op(_CALL_STR_1, (callable, null, arg -- res)) {
+            PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable);
+            PyObject *arg_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(arg);
+
             assert(oparg == 1);
-            DEOPT_IF(null != NULL);
-            DEOPT_IF(callable != (PyObject *)&PyUnicode_Type);
+            DEOPT_IF(!PyStackRef_IsNull(null));
+            DEOPT_IF(callable_o != (PyObject *)&PyUnicode_Type);
             STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
-            res = PyObject_Str(arg);
-            Py_DECREF(arg);
-            ERROR_IF(res == NULL, error);
+            PyObject *res_o = PyObject_Str(arg_o);
+            DEAD(null);
+            DEAD(callable);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(arg);
+            ERROR_IF(res_o == NULL, error);
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
         }
 
         macro(CALL_STR_1) =
@@ -3377,13 +3645,19 @@ dummy_func(
             _CHECK_PERIODIC;
 
         op(_CALL_TUPLE_1, (callable, null, arg -- res)) {
+            PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable);
+            PyObject *arg_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(arg);
+
             assert(oparg == 1);
-            DEOPT_IF(null != NULL);
-            DEOPT_IF(callable != (PyObject *)&PyTuple_Type);
+            DEOPT_IF(!PyStackRef_IsNull(null));
+            DEOPT_IF(callable_o != (PyObject *)&PyTuple_Type);
             STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
-            res = PySequence_Tuple(arg);
-            Py_DECREF(arg);
-            ERROR_IF(res == NULL, error);
+            PyObject *res_o = PySequence_Tuple(arg_o);
+            DEAD(null);
+            DEAD(callable);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(arg);
+            ERROR_IF(res_o == NULL, error);
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
         }
 
         macro(CALL_TUPLE_1) =
@@ -3392,84 +3666,95 @@ dummy_func(
             _CALL_TUPLE_1 +
             _CHECK_PERIODIC;
 
-        inst(CALL_ALLOC_AND_ENTER_INIT, (unused/1, unused/2, callable, null, args[oparg] -- unused)) {
-            /* This instruction does the following:
-             * 1. Creates the object (by calling ``object.__new__``)
-             * 2. Pushes a shim frame to the frame stack (to cleanup after ``__init__``)
-             * 3. Pushes the frame for ``__init__`` to the frame stack
-             * */
-            _PyCallCache *cache = (_PyCallCache *)&this_instr[1];
-            DEOPT_IF(null != NULL);
-            DEOPT_IF(!PyType_Check(callable));
-            PyTypeObject *tp = (PyTypeObject *)callable;
-            DEOPT_IF(tp->tp_version_tag != read_u32(cache->func_version));
+        op(_CHECK_AND_ALLOCATE_OBJECT, (type_version/2, callable[1], null[1], args[oparg] -- init[1], self[1], args[oparg])) {
+            PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
+            DEOPT_IF(!PyStackRef_IsNull(null[0]));
+            DEOPT_IF(!PyType_Check(callable_o));
+            PyTypeObject *tp = (PyTypeObject *)callable_o;
+            DEOPT_IF(tp->tp_version_tag != type_version);
             assert(tp->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_INLINE_VALUES);
-            PyHeapTypeObject *cls = (PyHeapTypeObject *)callable;
-            PyFunctionObject *init = (PyFunctionObject *)cls->_spec_cache.init;
-            PyCodeObject *code = (PyCodeObject *)init->func_code;
-            DEOPT_IF(code->co_argcount != oparg+1);
+            PyHeapTypeObject *cls = (PyHeapTypeObject *)callable_o;
+            PyFunctionObject *init_func = (PyFunctionObject *)cls->_spec_cache.init;
+            PyCodeObject *code = (PyCodeObject *)init_func->func_code;
             DEOPT_IF(!_PyThreadState_HasStackSpace(tstate, code->co_framesize + _Py_InitCleanup.co_framesize));
             STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
-            PyObject *self = _PyType_NewManagedObject(tp);
-            if (self == NULL) {
+            PyObject *self_o = _PyType_NewManagedObject(tp);
+            if (self_o == NULL) {
                 ERROR_NO_POP();
             }
-            Py_DECREF(tp);
+            self[0] = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(self_o);
+            _PyStackRef temp = callable[0];
+            init[0] = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(init_func);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(temp);
+        }
+
+        op(_CREATE_INIT_FRAME, (init[1], self[1], args[oparg] -- init_frame: _PyInterpreterFrame *)) {
             _PyInterpreterFrame *shim = _PyFrame_PushTrampolineUnchecked(
-                tstate, (PyCodeObject *)&_Py_InitCleanup, 1);
-            assert(_PyCode_CODE((PyCodeObject *)shim->f_executable)[0].op.code == EXIT_INIT_CHECK);
+                tstate, (PyCodeObject *)&_Py_InitCleanup, 1, frame);
+            assert(_PyCode_CODE(_PyFrame_GetCode(shim))[0].op.code == EXIT_INIT_CHECK);
             /* Push self onto stack of shim */
-            Py_INCREF(self);
-            shim->localsplus[0] = self;
-            Py_INCREF(init);
-            _PyInterpreterFrame *init_frame = _PyFrame_PushUnchecked(tstate, init, oparg+1);
-            /* Copy self followed by args to __init__ frame */
-            init_frame->localsplus[0] = self;
-            for (int i = 0; i < oparg; i++) {
-                init_frame->localsplus[i+1] = args[i];
+            shim->localsplus[0] = PyStackRef_DUP(self[0]);
+            DEAD(init);
+            DEAD(self);
+            init_frame = _PyEvalFramePushAndInit(
+                tstate, init[0], NULL, args-1, oparg+1, NULL, shim);
+            SYNC_SP();
+            if (init_frame == NULL) {
+                _PyEval_FrameClearAndPop(tstate, shim);
+                ERROR_NO_POP();
             }
-            frame->return_offset = (uint16_t)(next_instr - this_instr);
-            STACK_SHRINK(oparg+2);
-            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
-            /* Link frames */
-            init_frame->previous = shim;
-            shim->previous = frame;
-            frame = tstate->current_frame = init_frame;
-            CALL_STAT_INC(inlined_py_calls);
+            frame->return_offset = 1 + INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL;
             /* Account for pushing the extra frame.
              * We don't check recursion depth here,
              * as it will be checked after start_frame */
             tstate->py_recursion_remaining--;
-            goto start_frame;
         }
 
+        macro(CALL_ALLOC_AND_ENTER_INIT) =
+            unused/1 +
+            _CHECK_PEP_523 +
+            _CHECK_AND_ALLOCATE_OBJECT +
+            _CREATE_INIT_FRAME +
+            _PUSH_FRAME;
+
         inst(EXIT_INIT_CHECK, (should_be_none -- )) {
             assert(STACK_LEVEL() == 2);
-            if (should_be_none != Py_None) {
+            if (!PyStackRef_Is(should_be_none, PyStackRef_None)) {
                 PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
                     "__init__() should return None, not '%.200s'",
-                    Py_TYPE(should_be_none)->tp_name);
+                    Py_TYPE(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(should_be_none))->tp_name);
                 ERROR_NO_POP();
             }
+            DEAD(should_be_none);
         }
 
-        op(_CALL_BUILTIN_CLASS, (callable, self_or_null, args[oparg] -- res)) {
+        op(_CALL_BUILTIN_CLASS, (callable[1], self_or_null[1], args[oparg] -- res)) {
+            PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
+
             int total_args = oparg;
-            if (self_or_null != NULL) {
+            if (!PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])) {
                 args--;
                 total_args++;
             }
-            DEOPT_IF(!PyType_Check(callable));
-            PyTypeObject *tp = (PyTypeObject *)callable;
+            DEAD(self_or_null);
+            DEOPT_IF(!PyType_Check(callable_o));
+            PyTypeObject *tp = (PyTypeObject *)callable_o;
             DEOPT_IF(tp->tp_vectorcall == NULL);
             STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
-            res = tp->tp_vectorcall((PyObject *)tp, args, total_args, NULL);
+            STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS(args, total_args, args_o);
+            if (CONVERSION_FAILED(args_o)) {
+                DECREF_INPUTS();
+                ERROR_IF(true, error);
+            }
+            PyObject *res_o = tp->tp_vectorcall((PyObject *)tp, args_o, total_args, NULL);
+            STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS_CLEANUP(args_o);
             /* Free the arguments. */
             for (int i = 0; i < total_args; i++) {
-                Py_DECREF(args[i]);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(args[i]);
             }
-            Py_DECREF(tp);
-            ERROR_IF(res == NULL, error);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
+            ERROR_IF(res_o == NULL, error);
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
         }
 
         macro(CALL_BUILTIN_CLASS) =
@@ -3478,29 +3763,34 @@ dummy_func(
             _CALL_BUILTIN_CLASS +
             _CHECK_PERIODIC;
 
-        op(_CALL_BUILTIN_O, (callable, self_or_null, args[oparg] -- res)) {
+        op(_CALL_BUILTIN_O, (callable[1], self_or_null[1], args[oparg] -- res)) {
             /* Builtin METH_O functions */
+            PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
+
             int total_args = oparg;
-            if (self_or_null != NULL) {
+            if (!PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])) {
                 args--;
                 total_args++;
             }
-            DEOPT_IF(total_args != 1);
-            DEOPT_IF(!PyCFunction_CheckExact(callable));
-            DEOPT_IF(PyCFunction_GET_FLAGS(callable) != METH_O);
+            EXIT_IF(total_args != 1);
+            EXIT_IF(!PyCFunction_CheckExact(callable_o));
+            EXIT_IF(PyCFunction_GET_FLAGS(callable_o) != METH_O);
             // CPython promises to check all non-vectorcall function calls.
-            DEOPT_IF(tstate->c_recursion_remaining <= 0);
+            EXIT_IF(tstate->c_recursion_remaining <= 0);
             STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
-            PyCFunction cfunc = PyCFunction_GET_FUNCTION(callable);
-            PyObject *arg = args[0];
+            PyCFunction cfunc = PyCFunction_GET_FUNCTION(callable_o);
+            _PyStackRef arg = args[0];
             _Py_EnterRecursiveCallTstateUnchecked(tstate);
-            res = _PyCFunction_TrampolineCall(cfunc, PyCFunction_GET_SELF(callable), arg);
+            PyObject *res_o = _PyCFunction_TrampolineCall(cfunc, PyCFunction_GET_SELF(callable_o), PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(arg));
             _Py_LeaveRecursiveCallTstate(tstate);
-            assert((res != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
+            assert((res_o != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
 
-            Py_DECREF(arg);
-            Py_DECREF(callable);
-            ERROR_IF(res == NULL, error);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(arg);
+            DEAD(args);
+            DEAD(self_or_null);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
+            ERROR_IF(res_o == NULL, error);
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
         }
 
         macro(CALL_BUILTIN_O) =
@@ -3509,30 +3799,40 @@ dummy_func(
             _CALL_BUILTIN_O +
             _CHECK_PERIODIC;
 
-        op(_CALL_BUILTIN_FAST, (callable, self_or_null, args[oparg] -- res)) {
+        op(_CALL_BUILTIN_FAST, (callable[1], self_or_null[1], args[oparg] -- res)) {
             /* Builtin METH_FASTCALL functions, without keywords */
+            PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
+
             int total_args = oparg;
-            if (self_or_null != NULL) {
+            if (!PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])) {
                 args--;
                 total_args++;
             }
-            DEOPT_IF(!PyCFunction_CheckExact(callable));
-            DEOPT_IF(PyCFunction_GET_FLAGS(callable) != METH_FASTCALL);
+            DEAD(self_or_null);
+            DEOPT_IF(!PyCFunction_CheckExact(callable_o));
+            DEOPT_IF(PyCFunction_GET_FLAGS(callable_o) != METH_FASTCALL);
             STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
-            PyCFunction cfunc = PyCFunction_GET_FUNCTION(callable);
+            PyCFunction cfunc = PyCFunction_GET_FUNCTION(callable_o);
             /* res = func(self, args, nargs) */
-            res = ((PyCFunctionFast)(void(*)(void))cfunc)(
-                PyCFunction_GET_SELF(callable),
-                args,
+            STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS(args, total_args, args_o);
+            if (CONVERSION_FAILED(args_o)) {
+                DECREF_INPUTS();
+                ERROR_IF(true, error);
+            }
+            PyObject *res_o = ((PyCFunctionFast)(void(*)(void))cfunc)(
+                PyCFunction_GET_SELF(callable_o),
+                args_o,
                 total_args);
-            assert((res != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
+            STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS_CLEANUP(args_o);
+            assert((res_o != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
 
             /* Free the arguments. */
             for (int i = 0; i < total_args; i++) {
-                Py_DECREF(args[i]);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(args[i]);
             }
-            Py_DECREF(callable);
-            ERROR_IF(res == NULL, error);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
+            ERROR_IF(res_o == NULL, error);
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
         }
 
         macro(CALL_BUILTIN_FAST) =
@@ -3541,29 +3841,41 @@ dummy_func(
             _CALL_BUILTIN_FAST +
             _CHECK_PERIODIC;
 
-        op(_CALL_BUILTIN_FAST_WITH_KEYWORDS, (callable, self_or_null, args[oparg] -- res)) {
+        op(_CALL_BUILTIN_FAST_WITH_KEYWORDS, (callable[1], self_or_null[1], args[oparg] -- res)) {
             /* Builtin METH_FASTCALL | METH_KEYWORDS functions */
+            PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
+
             int total_args = oparg;
-            if (self_or_null != NULL) {
+            if (!PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])) {
                 args--;
                 total_args++;
             }
-            DEOPT_IF(!PyCFunction_CheckExact(callable));
-            DEOPT_IF(PyCFunction_GET_FLAGS(callable) != (METH_FASTCALL | METH_KEYWORDS));
+            DEOPT_IF(!PyCFunction_CheckExact(callable_o));
+            DEOPT_IF(PyCFunction_GET_FLAGS(callable_o) != (METH_FASTCALL | METH_KEYWORDS));
             STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
             /* res = func(self, args, nargs, kwnames) */
             PyCFunctionFastWithKeywords cfunc =
                 (PyCFunctionFastWithKeywords)(void(*)(void))
-                PyCFunction_GET_FUNCTION(callable);
-            res = cfunc(PyCFunction_GET_SELF(callable), args, total_args, NULL);
-            assert((res != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
+                PyCFunction_GET_FUNCTION(callable_o);
+
+            STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS(args, total_args, args_o);
+            if (CONVERSION_FAILED(args_o)) {
+                DECREF_INPUTS();
+                ERROR_IF(true, error);
+            }
+            PyObject *res_o = cfunc(PyCFunction_GET_SELF(callable_o), args_o, total_args, NULL);
+            STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS_CLEANUP(args_o);
+
+            assert((res_o != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
 
             /* Free the arguments. */
             for (int i = 0; i < total_args; i++) {
-                Py_DECREF(args[i]);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(args[i]);
             }
-            Py_DECREF(callable);
-            ERROR_IF(res == NULL, error);
+            DEAD(self_or_null);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
+            ERROR_IF(res_o == NULL, error);
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
         }
 
         macro(CALL_BUILTIN_FAST_WITH_KEYWORDS) =
@@ -3572,104 +3884,119 @@ dummy_func(
             _CALL_BUILTIN_FAST_WITH_KEYWORDS +
             _CHECK_PERIODIC;
 
-        inst(CALL_LEN, (unused/1, unused/2, callable, self_or_null, args[oparg] -- res)) {
+        inst(CALL_LEN, (unused/1, unused/2, callable[1], self_or_null[1], args[oparg] -- res)) {
             /* len(o) */
+            PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
+
             int total_args = oparg;
-            if (self_or_null != NULL) {
+            if (!PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])) {
                 args--;
                 total_args++;
             }
             DEOPT_IF(total_args != 1);
             PyInterpreterState *interp = tstate->interp;
-            DEOPT_IF(callable != interp->callable_cache.len);
+            DEOPT_IF(callable_o != interp->callable_cache.len);
             STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
-            PyObject *arg = args[0];
+            _PyStackRef arg_stackref = args[0];
+            PyObject *arg = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(arg_stackref);
             Py_ssize_t len_i = PyObject_Length(arg);
             if (len_i < 0) {
                 ERROR_NO_POP();
             }
-            res = PyLong_FromSsize_t(len_i);
-            assert((res != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
-            if (res == NULL) {
+            PyObject *res_o = PyLong_FromSsize_t(len_i);
+            assert((res_o != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
+            if (res_o == NULL) {
                 GOTO_ERROR(error);
             }
-            Py_DECREF(callable);
-            Py_DECREF(arg);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(arg_stackref);
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
         }
 
-        inst(CALL_ISINSTANCE, (unused/1, unused/2, callable, self_or_null, args[oparg] -- res)) {
+        inst(CALL_ISINSTANCE, (unused/1, unused/2, callable[1], self_or_null[1], args[oparg] -- res)) {
             /* isinstance(o, o2) */
+            PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
+
             int total_args = oparg;
-            if (self_or_null != NULL) {
+            if (!PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])) {
                 args--;
                 total_args++;
             }
             DEOPT_IF(total_args != 2);
             PyInterpreterState *interp = tstate->interp;
-            DEOPT_IF(callable != interp->callable_cache.isinstance);
+            DEOPT_IF(callable_o != interp->callable_cache.isinstance);
             STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
-            PyObject *cls = args[1];
-            PyObject *inst = args[0];
-            int retval = PyObject_IsInstance(inst, cls);
+            _PyStackRef cls_stackref = args[1];
+            _PyStackRef inst_stackref = args[0];
+            int retval = PyObject_IsInstance(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(inst_stackref), PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(cls_stackref));
             if (retval < 0) {
                 ERROR_NO_POP();
             }
-            res = PyBool_FromLong(retval);
-            assert((res != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
-            if (res == NULL) {
-                GOTO_ERROR(error);
-            }
-            Py_DECREF(inst);
-            Py_DECREF(cls);
-            Py_DECREF(callable);
+            res = retval ? PyStackRef_True : PyStackRef_False;
+            assert((!PyStackRef_IsNull(res)) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(inst_stackref);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(cls_stackref);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
         }
 
         // This is secretly a super-instruction
-        tier1 inst(CALL_LIST_APPEND, (unused/1, unused/2, callable, self, arg -- unused)) {
+        inst(CALL_LIST_APPEND, (unused/1, unused/2, callable, self, arg -- )) {
             assert(oparg == 1);
+            PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable);
+            PyObject *self_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(self);
+
             PyInterpreterState *interp = tstate->interp;
-            DEOPT_IF(callable != interp->callable_cache.list_append);
-            assert(self != NULL);
-            DEOPT_IF(!PyList_Check(self));
+            DEOPT_IF(callable_o != interp->callable_cache.list_append);
+            assert(self_o != NULL);
+            DEOPT_IF(!PyList_Check(self_o));
             STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
-            if (_PyList_AppendTakeRef((PyListObject *)self, arg) < 0) {
-                goto pop_1_error;  // Since arg is DECREF'ed already
-            }
-            Py_DECREF(self);
-            Py_DECREF(callable);
-            STACK_SHRINK(3);
-            // Skip POP_TOP
+            int err = _PyList_AppendTakeRef((PyListObject *)self_o, PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(arg));
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(self);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable);
+            ERROR_IF(err, error);
+        #if TIER_ONE
+            // Skip the following POP_TOP. This is done here in tier one, and
+            // during trace projection in tier two:
             assert(next_instr->op.code == POP_TOP);
             SKIP_OVER(1);
-            DISPATCH();
+        #endif
         }
 
-         op(_CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_O, (callable, self_or_null, args[oparg] -- res)) {
+         op(_CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_O, (callable[1], self_or_null[1], args[oparg] -- res)) {
+            PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
+
             int total_args = oparg;
-            if (self_or_null != NULL) {
+            if (!PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])) {
                 args--;
                 total_args++;
             }
-            PyMethodDescrObject *method = (PyMethodDescrObject *)callable;
-            DEOPT_IF(total_args != 2);
-            DEOPT_IF(!Py_IS_TYPE(method, &PyMethodDescr_Type));
+
+            PyMethodDescrObject *method = (PyMethodDescrObject *)callable_o;
+            EXIT_IF(total_args != 2);
+            EXIT_IF(!Py_IS_TYPE(method, &PyMethodDescr_Type));
             PyMethodDef *meth = method->d_method;
-            DEOPT_IF(meth->ml_flags != METH_O);
+            EXIT_IF(meth->ml_flags != METH_O);
             // CPython promises to check all non-vectorcall function calls.
-            DEOPT_IF(tstate->c_recursion_remaining <= 0);
-            PyObject *arg = args[1];
-            PyObject *self = args[0];
-            DEOPT_IF(!Py_IS_TYPE(self, method->d_common.d_type));
+            EXIT_IF(tstate->c_recursion_remaining <= 0);
+            _PyStackRef arg_stackref = args[1];
+            _PyStackRef self_stackref = args[0];
+            EXIT_IF(!Py_IS_TYPE(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(self_stackref),
+                                 method->d_common.d_type));
             STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
             PyCFunction cfunc = meth->ml_meth;
             _Py_EnterRecursiveCallTstateUnchecked(tstate);
-            res = _PyCFunction_TrampolineCall(cfunc, self, arg);
+            PyObject *res_o = _PyCFunction_TrampolineCall(cfunc,
+                                  PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(self_stackref),
+                                  PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(arg_stackref));
             _Py_LeaveRecursiveCallTstate(tstate);
-            assert((res != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
-            Py_DECREF(self);
-            Py_DECREF(arg);
-            Py_DECREF(callable);
-            ERROR_IF(res == NULL, error);
+            assert((res_o != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(self_stackref);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(arg_stackref);
+            DEAD(args);
+            DEAD(self_or_null);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
+            ERROR_IF(res_o == NULL, error);
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
         }
 
         macro(CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_O) =
@@ -3678,32 +4005,43 @@ dummy_func(
             _CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_O +
             _CHECK_PERIODIC;
 
-        op(_CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_FAST_WITH_KEYWORDS, (callable, self_or_null, args[oparg] -- res)) {
+        op(_CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_FAST_WITH_KEYWORDS, (callable[1], self_or_null[1], args[oparg] -- res)) {
+            PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
+
             int total_args = oparg;
-            if (self_or_null != NULL) {
+            if (!PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])) {
                 args--;
                 total_args++;
             }
-            PyMethodDescrObject *method = (PyMethodDescrObject *)callable;
-            DEOPT_IF(!Py_IS_TYPE(method, &PyMethodDescr_Type));
+            PyMethodDescrObject *method = (PyMethodDescrObject *)callable_o;
+            EXIT_IF(!Py_IS_TYPE(method, &PyMethodDescr_Type));
             PyMethodDef *meth = method->d_method;
-            DEOPT_IF(meth->ml_flags != (METH_FASTCALL|METH_KEYWORDS));
+            EXIT_IF(meth->ml_flags != (METH_FASTCALL|METH_KEYWORDS));
             PyTypeObject *d_type = method->d_common.d_type;
-            PyObject *self = args[0];
-            DEOPT_IF(!Py_IS_TYPE(self, d_type));
+            PyObject *self = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(args[0]);
+            EXIT_IF(!Py_IS_TYPE(self, d_type));
             STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
             int nargs = total_args - 1;
+
+            STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS(args, total_args, args_o);
+            if (CONVERSION_FAILED(args_o)) {
+                DECREF_INPUTS();
+                ERROR_IF(true, error);
+            }
             PyCFunctionFastWithKeywords cfunc =
                 (PyCFunctionFastWithKeywords)(void(*)(void))meth->ml_meth;
-            res = cfunc(self, args + 1, nargs, NULL);
-            assert((res != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
+            PyObject *res_o = cfunc(self, (args_o + 1), nargs, NULL);
+            STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS_CLEANUP(args_o);
+            assert((res_o != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
 
             /* Free the arguments. */
             for (int i = 0; i < total_args; i++) {
-                Py_DECREF(args[i]);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(args[i]);
             }
-            Py_DECREF(callable);
-            ERROR_IF(res == NULL, error);
+            DEAD(self_or_null);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
+            ERROR_IF(res_o == NULL, error);
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
         }
 
         macro(CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_FAST_WITH_KEYWORDS) =
@@ -3712,31 +4050,37 @@ dummy_func(
             _CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_FAST_WITH_KEYWORDS +
             _CHECK_PERIODIC;
 
-        op(_CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_NOARGS, (callable, self_or_null, args[oparg] -- res)) {
+        op(_CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_NOARGS, (callable[1], self_or_null[1], args[oparg] -- res)) {
             assert(oparg == 0 || oparg == 1);
+            PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
+
             int total_args = oparg;
-            if (self_or_null != NULL) {
+            if (!PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])) {
                 args--;
                 total_args++;
             }
-            DEOPT_IF(total_args != 1);
-            PyMethodDescrObject *method = (PyMethodDescrObject *)callable;
-            DEOPT_IF(!Py_IS_TYPE(method, &PyMethodDescr_Type));
+            EXIT_IF(total_args != 1);
+            PyMethodDescrObject *method = (PyMethodDescrObject *)callable_o;
+            EXIT_IF(!Py_IS_TYPE(method, &PyMethodDescr_Type));
             PyMethodDef *meth = method->d_method;
-            PyObject *self = args[0];
-            DEOPT_IF(!Py_IS_TYPE(self, method->d_common.d_type));
-            DEOPT_IF(meth->ml_flags != METH_NOARGS);
+            _PyStackRef self_stackref = args[0];
+            PyObject *self = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(self_stackref);
+            EXIT_IF(!Py_IS_TYPE(self, method->d_common.d_type));
+            EXIT_IF(meth->ml_flags != METH_NOARGS);
             // CPython promises to check all non-vectorcall function calls.
-            DEOPT_IF(tstate->c_recursion_remaining <= 0);
+            EXIT_IF(tstate->c_recursion_remaining <= 0);
             STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
             PyCFunction cfunc = meth->ml_meth;
             _Py_EnterRecursiveCallTstateUnchecked(tstate);
-            res = _PyCFunction_TrampolineCall(cfunc, self, NULL);
+            PyObject *res_o = _PyCFunction_TrampolineCall(cfunc, self, NULL);
             _Py_LeaveRecursiveCallTstate(tstate);
-            assert((res != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
-            Py_DECREF(self);
-            Py_DECREF(callable);
-            ERROR_IF(res == NULL, error);
+            assert((res_o != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(self_stackref);
+            DEAD(args);
+            DEAD(self_or_null);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
+            ERROR_IF(res_o == NULL, error);
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
         }
 
         macro(CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_NOARGS) =
@@ -3745,31 +4089,43 @@ dummy_func(
             _CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_NOARGS +
             _CHECK_PERIODIC;
 
-        op(_CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_FAST, (callable, self_or_null, args[oparg] -- res)) {
+        op(_CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_FAST, (callable[1], self_or_null[1], args[oparg] -- res)) {
+            PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
+
             int total_args = oparg;
-            if (self_or_null != NULL) {
+            if (!PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])) {
                 args--;
                 total_args++;
             }
-            PyMethodDescrObject *method = (PyMethodDescrObject *)callable;
+            PyMethodDescrObject *method = (PyMethodDescrObject *)callable_o;
             /* Builtin METH_FASTCALL methods, without keywords */
-            DEOPT_IF(!Py_IS_TYPE(method, &PyMethodDescr_Type));
+            EXIT_IF(!Py_IS_TYPE(method, &PyMethodDescr_Type));
             PyMethodDef *meth = method->d_method;
-            DEOPT_IF(meth->ml_flags != METH_FASTCALL);
-            PyObject *self = args[0];
-            DEOPT_IF(!Py_IS_TYPE(self, method->d_common.d_type));
+            EXIT_IF(meth->ml_flags != METH_FASTCALL);
+            PyObject *self = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(args[0]);
+            EXIT_IF(!Py_IS_TYPE(self, method->d_common.d_type));
             STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
+            int nargs = total_args - 1;
+
+            STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS(args, total_args, args_o);
+            if (CONVERSION_FAILED(args_o)) {
+                DECREF_INPUTS();
+                ERROR_IF(true, error);
+            }
             PyCFunctionFast cfunc =
                 (PyCFunctionFast)(void(*)(void))meth->ml_meth;
-            int nargs = total_args - 1;
-            res = cfunc(self, args + 1, nargs);
-            assert((res != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
+            PyObject *res_o = cfunc(self, (args_o + 1), nargs);
+            STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS_CLEANUP(args_o);
+            assert((res_o != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
+
             /* Clear the stack of the arguments. */
             for (int i = 0; i < total_args; i++) {
-                Py_DECREF(args[i]);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(args[i]);
             }
-            Py_DECREF(callable);
-            ERROR_IF(res == NULL, error);
+            DEAD(self_or_null);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
+            ERROR_IF(res_o == NULL, error);
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
         }
 
         macro(CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_FAST) =
@@ -3778,123 +4134,306 @@ dummy_func(
             _CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_FAST +
             _CHECK_PERIODIC;
 
-        inst(INSTRUMENTED_CALL_KW, ( -- )) {
-            int is_meth = PEEK(oparg + 2) != NULL;
+        // Cache layout: counter/1, func_version/2
+        family(CALL_KW, INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL_KW) = {
+            CALL_KW_BOUND_METHOD,
+            CALL_KW_PY,
+            CALL_KW_NON_PY,
+        };
+
+        inst(INSTRUMENTED_CALL_KW, (counter/1, version/2 -- )) {
+            int is_meth = !PyStackRef_IsNull(PEEK(oparg + 2));
             int total_args = oparg + is_meth;
-            PyObject *function = PEEK(oparg + 3);
+            PyObject *function = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(PEEK(oparg + 3));
             PyObject *arg = total_args == 0 ? &_PyInstrumentation_MISSING
-                                            : PEEK(total_args + 1);
+                                            : PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(PEEK(total_args + 1));
             int err = _Py_call_instrumentation_2args(
                     tstate, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_CALL,
                     frame, this_instr, function, arg);
             ERROR_IF(err, error);
+            PAUSE_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(this_instr[1].counter);
             GO_TO_INSTRUCTION(CALL_KW);
         }
 
-        inst(CALL_KW, (callable, self_or_null, args[oparg], kwnames -- res)) {
+        op(_MAYBE_EXPAND_METHOD_KW, (callable[1], self_or_null[1], args[oparg], kwnames_in -- func[1], maybe_self[1], args[oparg], kwnames_out)) {
+            if (PyStackRef_TYPE(callable[0]) == &PyMethod_Type && PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])) {
+                PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
+                PyObject *self = ((PyMethodObject *)callable_o)->im_self;
+                maybe_self[0] = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(self);
+                PyObject *method = ((PyMethodObject *)callable_o)->im_func;
+                _PyStackRef temp = callable[0];
+                func[0] = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(method);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(temp);
+            }
+            kwnames_out = kwnames_in;
+            DEAD(kwnames_in);
+        }
+
+        op(_DO_CALL_KW, (callable[1], self_or_null[1], args[oparg], kwnames -- res)) {
+            PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
+            PyObject *kwnames_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(kwnames);
+
             // oparg counts all of the args, but *not* self:
             int total_args = oparg;
-            if (self_or_null != NULL) {
+            if (!PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])) {
                 args--;
                 total_args++;
             }
-            if (self_or_null == NULL && Py_TYPE(callable) == &PyMethod_Type) {
-                args--;
-                total_args++;
-                PyObject *self = ((PyMethodObject *)callable)->im_self;
-                args[0] = Py_NewRef(self);
-                PyObject *method = ((PyMethodObject *)callable)->im_func;
-                args[-1] = Py_NewRef(method);
-                Py_DECREF(callable);
-                callable = method;
-            }
-            int positional_args = total_args - (int)PyTuple_GET_SIZE(kwnames);
+            int positional_args = total_args - (int)PyTuple_GET_SIZE(kwnames_o);
             // Check if the call can be inlined or not
-            if (Py_TYPE(callable) == &PyFunction_Type &&
+            if (Py_TYPE(callable_o) == &PyFunction_Type &&
                 tstate->interp->eval_frame == NULL &&
-                ((PyFunctionObject *)callable)->vectorcall == _PyFunction_Vectorcall)
+                ((PyFunctionObject *)callable_o)->vectorcall == _PyFunction_Vectorcall)
             {
-                int code_flags = ((PyCodeObject*)PyFunction_GET_CODE(callable))->co_flags;
-                PyObject *locals = code_flags & CO_OPTIMIZED ? NULL : Py_NewRef(PyFunction_GET_GLOBALS(callable));
+                int code_flags = ((PyCodeObject*)PyFunction_GET_CODE(callable_o))->co_flags;
+                PyObject *locals = code_flags & CO_OPTIMIZED ? NULL : Py_NewRef(PyFunction_GET_GLOBALS(callable_o));
                 _PyInterpreterFrame *new_frame = _PyEvalFramePushAndInit(
-                    tstate, (PyFunctionObject *)callable, locals,
-                    args, positional_args, kwnames
+                    tstate, callable[0], locals,
+                    args, positional_args, kwnames_o, frame
                 );
-                Py_DECREF(kwnames);
-                // Manipulate stack directly since we leave using DISPATCH_INLINED().
-                STACK_SHRINK(oparg + 3);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(kwnames);
+                // Sync stack explicitly since we leave using DISPATCH_INLINED().
+                SYNC_SP();
                 // The frame has stolen all the arguments from the stack,
                 // so there is no need to clean them up.
                 if (new_frame == NULL) {
                     ERROR_NO_POP();
                 }
-                assert(next_instr - this_instr == 1);
-                frame->return_offset = 1;
+                assert(next_instr - this_instr == 1 + INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL_KW);
+                frame->return_offset = 1 + INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL_KW;
                 DISPATCH_INLINED(new_frame);
             }
             /* Callable is not a normal Python function */
-            res = PyObject_Vectorcall(
-                callable, args,
+            STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS(args, total_args, args_o);
+            if (CONVERSION_FAILED(args_o)) {
+                DECREF_INPUTS();
+                ERROR_IF(true, error);
+            }
+            PyObject *res_o = PyObject_Vectorcall(
+                callable_o, args_o,
                 positional_args | PY_VECTORCALL_ARGUMENTS_OFFSET,
-                kwnames);
+                kwnames_o);
+            STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS_CLEANUP(args_o);
             if (opcode == INSTRUMENTED_CALL_KW) {
                 PyObject *arg = total_args == 0 ?
-                    &_PyInstrumentation_MISSING : args[0];
-                if (res == NULL) {
+                    &_PyInstrumentation_MISSING : PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(args[0]);
+                if (res_o == NULL) {
                     _Py_call_instrumentation_exc2(
                         tstate, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_C_RAISE,
-                        frame, this_instr, callable, arg);
+                        frame, this_instr, callable_o, arg);
                 }
                 else {
                     int err = _Py_call_instrumentation_2args(
                         tstate, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_C_RETURN,
-                        frame, this_instr, callable, arg);
+                        frame, this_instr, callable_o, arg);
                     if (err < 0) {
-                        Py_CLEAR(res);
+                        Py_CLEAR(res_o);
                     }
                 }
             }
-            Py_DECREF(kwnames);
-            assert((res != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
-            Py_DECREF(callable);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(kwnames);
+            assert((res_o != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
             for (int i = 0; i < total_args; i++) {
-                Py_DECREF(args[i]);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(args[i]);
+            }
+            DEAD(self_or_null);
+            ERROR_IF(res_o == NULL, error);
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
+        }
+
+        op(_PY_FRAME_KW, (callable[1], self_or_null[1], args[oparg], kwnames -- new_frame: _PyInterpreterFrame*)) {
+            PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
+
+            // oparg counts all of the args, but *not* self:
+            int total_args = oparg;
+            if (!PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])) {
+                args--;
+                total_args++;
+            }
+            PyObject *kwnames_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(kwnames);
+            int positional_args = total_args - (int)PyTuple_GET_SIZE(kwnames_o);
+            assert(Py_TYPE(callable_o) == &PyFunction_Type);
+            int code_flags = ((PyCodeObject*)PyFunction_GET_CODE(callable_o))->co_flags;
+            PyObject *locals = code_flags & CO_OPTIMIZED ? NULL : Py_NewRef(PyFunction_GET_GLOBALS(callable_o));
+            new_frame = _PyEvalFramePushAndInit(
+                tstate, callable[0], locals,
+                args, positional_args, kwnames_o, frame
+            );
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(kwnames);
+            // The frame has stolen all the arguments from the stack,
+            // so there is no need to clean them up.
+            SYNC_SP();
+            if (new_frame == NULL) {
+                ERROR_NO_POP();
             }
-            ERROR_IF(res == NULL, error);
-            CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
         }
 
+        op(_CHECK_FUNCTION_VERSION_KW, (func_version/2, callable[1], self_or_null[1], unused[oparg], kwnames -- callable[1], self_or_null[1], unused[oparg], kwnames)) {
+            PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
+            EXIT_IF(!PyFunction_Check(callable_o));
+            PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)callable_o;
+            EXIT_IF(func->func_version != func_version);
+        }
+
+        macro(CALL_KW_PY) =
+            unused/1 + // Skip over the counter
+            _CHECK_PEP_523 +
+            _CHECK_FUNCTION_VERSION_KW +
+            _PY_FRAME_KW +
+            _SAVE_RETURN_OFFSET +
+            _PUSH_FRAME;
+
+        op(_CHECK_METHOD_VERSION_KW, (func_version/2, callable[1], null[1], unused[oparg], kwnames -- callable[1], null[1], unused[oparg], kwnames)) {
+            PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
+
+            EXIT_IF(Py_TYPE(callable_o) != &PyMethod_Type);
+            PyObject *func = ((PyMethodObject *)callable_o)->im_func;
+            EXIT_IF(!PyFunction_Check(func));
+            EXIT_IF(((PyFunctionObject *)func)->func_version != func_version);
+            EXIT_IF(!PyStackRef_IsNull(null[0]));
+        }
+
+        op(_EXPAND_METHOD_KW, (callable[1], null[1], unused[oparg], unused -- method[1], self[1], unused[oparg], unused)) {
+            _PyStackRef callable_s = callable[0];
+            PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable_s);
+
+            assert(PyStackRef_IsNull(null[0]));
+            assert(Py_TYPE(callable_o) == &PyMethod_Type);
+            self[0] = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(((PyMethodObject *)callable_o)->im_self);
+            method[0] = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(((PyMethodObject *)callable_o)->im_func);
+            assert(PyStackRef_FunctionCheck(method[0]));
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable_s);
+        }
+
+        macro(CALL_KW_BOUND_METHOD) =
+            unused/1 + // Skip over the counter
+            _CHECK_PEP_523 +
+            _CHECK_METHOD_VERSION_KW +
+            _EXPAND_METHOD_KW +
+            flush + // so that self is in the argument array
+            _PY_FRAME_KW +
+            _SAVE_RETURN_OFFSET +
+            _PUSH_FRAME;
+
+        specializing op(_SPECIALIZE_CALL_KW, (counter/1, callable[1], self_or_null[1], args[oparg], kwnames -- callable[1], self_or_null[1], args[oparg], kwnames)) {
+            #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
+            if (ADAPTIVE_COUNTER_TRIGGERS(counter)) {
+                next_instr = this_instr;
+                _Py_Specialize_CallKw(callable[0], next_instr, oparg + !PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0]));
+                DISPATCH_SAME_OPARG();
+            }
+            OPCODE_DEFERRED_INC(CALL_KW);
+            ADVANCE_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(this_instr[1].counter);
+            #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
+        }
+
+        macro(CALL_KW) =
+            _SPECIALIZE_CALL_KW +
+            unused/2 +
+            _MAYBE_EXPAND_METHOD_KW +
+            _DO_CALL_KW;
+
+        op(_CHECK_IS_NOT_PY_CALLABLE_KW, (callable[1], unused[1], unused[oparg], kwnames -- callable[1], unused[1], unused[oparg], kwnames)) {
+            PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
+            EXIT_IF(PyFunction_Check(callable_o));
+            EXIT_IF(Py_TYPE(callable_o) == &PyMethod_Type);
+        }
+
+
+        op(_CALL_KW_NON_PY, (callable[1], self_or_null[1], args[oparg], kwnames -- res)) {
+#if TIER_ONE
+            assert(opcode != INSTRUMENTED_CALL);
+#endif
+            PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
+
+            int total_args = oparg;
+            if (!PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])) {
+                args--;
+                total_args++;
+            }
+            /* Callable is not a normal Python function */
+            STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS(args, total_args, args_o);
+            if (CONVERSION_FAILED(args_o)) {
+                DECREF_INPUTS();
+                ERROR_IF(true, error);
+            }
+            PyObject *kwnames_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(kwnames);
+            int positional_args = total_args - (int)PyTuple_GET_SIZE(kwnames_o);
+            PyObject *res_o = PyObject_Vectorcall(
+                callable_o, args_o,
+                positional_args | PY_VECTORCALL_ARGUMENTS_OFFSET,
+                kwnames_o);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(kwnames);
+            STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS_CLEANUP(args_o);
+            assert((res_o != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
+            for (int i = 0; i < total_args; i++) {
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(args[i]);
+            }
+            DEAD(self_or_null);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
+            ERROR_IF(res_o == NULL, error);
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
+        }
+
+        macro(CALL_KW_NON_PY) =
+            unused/1 + // Skip over the counter
+            unused/2 +
+            _CHECK_IS_NOT_PY_CALLABLE_KW +
+            _CALL_KW_NON_PY +
+            _CHECK_PERIODIC;
+
         inst(INSTRUMENTED_CALL_FUNCTION_EX, ( -- )) {
             GO_TO_INSTRUCTION(CALL_FUNCTION_EX);
         }
 
-        inst(CALL_FUNCTION_EX, (func, unused, callargs, kwargs if (oparg & 1) -- result)) {
-            // DICT_MERGE is called before this opcode if there are kwargs.
-            // It converts all dict subtypes in kwargs into regular dicts.
-            assert(kwargs == NULL || PyDict_CheckExact(kwargs));
-            if (!PyTuple_CheckExact(callargs)) {
-                if (check_args_iterable(tstate, func, callargs) < 0) {
+        op(_MAKE_CALLARGS_A_TUPLE, (func, unused, callargs, kwargs_in if (oparg & 1) -- func, unused, tuple, kwargs_out if (oparg & 1))) {
+            PyObject *callargs_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callargs);
+            if (PyTuple_CheckExact(callargs_o)) {
+                tuple = callargs;
+                DEAD(callargs);
+            }
+            else {
+                int err = _Py_Check_ArgsIterable(tstate, PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(func), callargs_o);
+                if (err < 0) {
                     ERROR_NO_POP();
                 }
-                PyObject *tuple = PySequence_Tuple(callargs);
-                if (tuple == NULL) {
+                PyObject *tuple_o = PySequence_Tuple(callargs_o);
+                if (tuple_o == NULL) {
                     ERROR_NO_POP();
                 }
-                Py_SETREF(callargs, tuple);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(callargs);
+                tuple = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(tuple_o);
             }
+            kwargs_out = kwargs_in;
+            DEAD(kwargs_in);
+        }
+
+        op(_DO_CALL_FUNCTION_EX, (func_st, unused, callargs_st, kwargs_st if (oparg & 1) -- result)) {
+            PyObject *func = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(func_st);
+            PyObject *callargs = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callargs_st);
+            PyObject *kwargs = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(kwargs_st);
+
+            // DICT_MERGE is called before this opcode if there are kwargs.
+            // It converts all dict subtypes in kwargs into regular dicts.
+            assert(kwargs == NULL || PyDict_CheckExact(kwargs));
             assert(PyTuple_CheckExact(callargs));
             EVAL_CALL_STAT_INC_IF_FUNCTION(EVAL_CALL_FUNCTION_EX, func);
+            PyObject *result_o;
+            assert(!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate));
             if (opcode == INSTRUMENTED_CALL_FUNCTION_EX) {
                 PyObject *arg = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(callargs) > 0 ?
                     PyTuple_GET_ITEM(callargs, 0) : &_PyInstrumentation_MISSING;
                 int err = _Py_call_instrumentation_2args(
                     tstate, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_CALL,
                     frame, this_instr, func, arg);
-                if (err) ERROR_NO_POP();
-                result = PyObject_Call(func, callargs, kwargs);
+                if (err) {
+                    ERROR_NO_POP();
+                }
+                result_o = PyObject_Call(func, callargs, kwargs);
 
                 if (!PyFunction_Check(func) && !PyMethod_Check(func)) {
-                    if (result == NULL) {
+                    if (result_o == NULL) {
                         _Py_call_instrumentation_exc2(
                             tstate, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_C_RAISE,
                             frame, this_instr, func, arg);
@@ -3904,7 +4443,7 @@ dummy_func(
                             tstate, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_C_RETURN,
                             frame, this_instr, func, arg);
                         if (err < 0) {
-                            Py_CLEAR(result);
+                            Py_CLEAR(result_o);
                         }
                     }
                 }
@@ -3918,11 +4457,12 @@ dummy_func(
                     int code_flags = ((PyCodeObject *)PyFunction_GET_CODE(func))->co_flags;
                     PyObject *locals = code_flags & CO_OPTIMIZED ? NULL : Py_NewRef(PyFunction_GET_GLOBALS(func));
 
-                    _PyInterpreterFrame *new_frame = _PyEvalFramePushAndInit_Ex(tstate,
-                                                                                (PyFunctionObject *)func, locals,
-                                                                                nargs, callargs, kwargs);
-                    // Need to manually shrink the stack since we exit with DISPATCH_INLINED.
-                    STACK_SHRINK(oparg + 3);
+                    _PyInterpreterFrame *new_frame = _PyEvalFramePushAndInit_Ex(
+                        tstate, func_st, locals,
+                        nargs, callargs, kwargs, frame);
+                    // Need to sync the stack since we exit with DISPATCH_INLINED.
+                    INPUTS_DEAD();
+                    SYNC_SP();
                     if (new_frame == NULL) {
                         ERROR_NO_POP();
                     }
@@ -3930,119 +4470,120 @@ dummy_func(
                     frame->return_offset = 1;
                     DISPATCH_INLINED(new_frame);
                 }
-                result = PyObject_Call(func, callargs, kwargs);
+                result_o = PyObject_Call(func, callargs, kwargs);
             }
-            DECREF_INPUTS();
-            assert(PEEK(2 + (oparg & 1)) == NULL);
-            ERROR_IF(result == NULL, error);
-            CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
+            PyStackRef_XCLOSE(kwargs_st);
+            DEAD(kwargs_st);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(callargs_st);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(func_st);
+            ERROR_IF(result_o == NULL, error);
+            result = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(result_o);
         }
 
-        inst(MAKE_FUNCTION, (codeobj -- func)) {
+        macro(CALL_FUNCTION_EX) =
+            _MAKE_CALLARGS_A_TUPLE +
+            _DO_CALL_FUNCTION_EX +
+            _CHECK_PERIODIC;
+
+
+        inst(MAKE_FUNCTION, (codeobj_st -- func)) {
+            PyObject *codeobj = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(codeobj_st);
 
             PyFunctionObject *func_obj = (PyFunctionObject *)
                 PyFunction_New(codeobj, GLOBALS());
 
-            Py_DECREF(codeobj);
-            if (func_obj == NULL) {
-                ERROR_NO_POP();
-            }
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(codeobj_st);
+            ERROR_IF(func_obj == NULL, error);
 
             _PyFunction_SetVersion(
                 func_obj, ((PyCodeObject *)codeobj)->co_version);
-            func = (PyObject *)func_obj;
+            func = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal((PyObject *)func_obj);
         }
 
-        inst(SET_FUNCTION_ATTRIBUTE, (attr, func -- func)) {
+        inst(SET_FUNCTION_ATTRIBUTE, (attr_st, func_in -- func_out)) {
+            PyObject *func = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(func_in);
+            PyObject *attr = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(attr_st);
+            func_out = func_in;
+            DEAD(func_in);
             assert(PyFunction_Check(func));
-            PyFunctionObject *func_obj = (PyFunctionObject *)func;
-            switch(oparg) {
-                case MAKE_FUNCTION_CLOSURE:
-                    assert(func_obj->func_closure == NULL);
-                    func_obj->func_closure = attr;
-                    break;
-                case MAKE_FUNCTION_ANNOTATIONS:
-                    assert(func_obj->func_annotations == NULL);
-                    func_obj->func_annotations = attr;
-                    break;
-                case MAKE_FUNCTION_KWDEFAULTS:
-                    assert(PyDict_CheckExact(attr));
-                    assert(func_obj->func_kwdefaults == NULL);
-                    func_obj->func_kwdefaults = attr;
-                    break;
-                case MAKE_FUNCTION_DEFAULTS:
-                    assert(PyTuple_CheckExact(attr));
-                    assert(func_obj->func_defaults == NULL);
-                    func_obj->func_defaults = attr;
-                    break;
-                default:
-                    Py_UNREACHABLE();
-            }
+            size_t offset = _Py_FunctionAttributeOffsets[oparg];
+            assert(offset != 0);
+            PyObject **ptr = (PyObject **)(((char *)func) + offset);
+            assert(*ptr == NULL);
+            *ptr = attr;
         }
 
         inst(RETURN_GENERATOR, (-- res)) {
-            assert(PyFunction_Check(frame->f_funcobj));
-            PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)frame->f_funcobj;
+            assert(PyStackRef_FunctionCheck(frame->f_funcobj));
+            PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(frame->f_funcobj);
             PyGenObject *gen = (PyGenObject *)_Py_MakeCoro(func);
-            if (gen == NULL) {
-                ERROR_NO_POP();
-            }
+            ERROR_IF(gen == NULL, error);
             assert(EMPTY());
-            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
-            _PyInterpreterFrame *gen_frame = (_PyInterpreterFrame *)gen->gi_iframe;
+            SAVE_STACK();
+            _PyInterpreterFrame *gen_frame = &gen->gi_iframe;
             frame->instr_ptr++;
             _PyFrame_Copy(frame, gen_frame);
             assert(frame->frame_obj == NULL);
             gen->gi_frame_state = FRAME_CREATED;
             gen_frame->owner = FRAME_OWNED_BY_GENERATOR;
             _Py_LeaveRecursiveCallPy(tstate);
-            res = (PyObject *)gen;
             _PyInterpreterFrame *prev = frame->previous;
             _PyThreadState_PopFrame(tstate, frame);
             frame = tstate->current_frame = prev;
             LOAD_IP(frame->return_offset);
-            LOAD_SP();
+            RELOAD_STACK();
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal((PyObject *)gen);
             LLTRACE_RESUME_FRAME();
         }
 
         inst(BUILD_SLICE, (start, stop, step if (oparg == 3) -- slice)) {
-            slice = PySlice_New(start, stop, step);
+            PyObject *start_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(start);
+            PyObject *stop_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(stop);
+            PyObject *step_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(step);
+
+            PyObject *slice_o = PySlice_New(start_o, stop_o, step_o);
             DECREF_INPUTS();
-            ERROR_IF(slice == NULL, error);
+            ERROR_IF(slice_o == NULL, error);
+            slice = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(slice_o);
         }
 
         inst(CONVERT_VALUE, (value -- result)) {
             conversion_func conv_fn;
             assert(oparg >= FVC_STR && oparg <= FVC_ASCII);
             conv_fn = _PyEval_ConversionFuncs[oparg];
-            result = conv_fn(value);
-            Py_DECREF(value);
-            ERROR_IF(result == NULL, error);
+            PyObject *result_o = conv_fn(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(value));
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(value);
+            ERROR_IF(result_o == NULL, error);
+            result = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(result_o);
         }
 
         inst(FORMAT_SIMPLE, (value -- res)) {
+            PyObject *value_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(value);
             /* If value is a unicode object, then we know the result
              * of format(value) is value itself. */
-            if (!PyUnicode_CheckExact(value)) {
-                res = PyObject_Format(value, NULL);
-                Py_DECREF(value);
-                ERROR_IF(res == NULL, error);
+            if (!PyUnicode_CheckExact(value_o)) {
+                PyObject *res_o = PyObject_Format(value_o, NULL);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(value);
+                ERROR_IF(res_o == NULL, error);
+                res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
             }
             else {
                 res = value;
+                DEAD(value);
             }
         }
 
         inst(FORMAT_WITH_SPEC, (value, fmt_spec -- res)) {
-            res = PyObject_Format(value, fmt_spec);
-            Py_DECREF(value);
-            Py_DECREF(fmt_spec);
-            ERROR_IF(res == NULL, error);
+            PyObject *res_o = PyObject_Format(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(value), PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(fmt_spec));
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(value);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(fmt_spec);
+            ERROR_IF(res_o == NULL, error);
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
         }
 
         pure inst(COPY, (bottom, unused[oparg-1] -- bottom, unused[oparg-1], top)) {
             assert(oparg > 0);
-            top = Py_NewRef(bottom);
+            top = PyStackRef_DUP(bottom);
         }
 
         specializing op(_SPECIALIZE_BINARY_OP, (counter/1, lhs, rhs -- lhs, rhs)) {
@@ -4052,7 +4593,7 @@ dummy_func(
                 _Py_Specialize_BinaryOp(lhs, rhs, next_instr, oparg, LOCALS_ARRAY);
                 DISPATCH_SAME_OPARG();
             }
-            STAT_INC(BINARY_OP, deferred);
+            OPCODE_DEFERRED_INC(BINARY_OP);
             ADVANCE_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(this_instr[1].counter);
             #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
             assert(NB_ADD <= oparg);
@@ -4060,19 +4601,55 @@ dummy_func(
         }
 
         op(_BINARY_OP, (lhs, rhs -- res)) {
+            PyObject *lhs_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(lhs);
+            PyObject *rhs_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(rhs);
+
             assert(_PyEval_BinaryOps[oparg]);
-            res = _PyEval_BinaryOps[oparg](lhs, rhs);
+            PyObject *res_o = _PyEval_BinaryOps[oparg](lhs_o, rhs_o);
             DECREF_INPUTS();
-            ERROR_IF(res == NULL, error);
+            ERROR_IF(res_o == NULL, error);
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
         }
 
         macro(BINARY_OP) = _SPECIALIZE_BINARY_OP + _BINARY_OP;
 
-        pure inst(SWAP, (bottom, unused[oparg-2], top --
-                    top, unused[oparg-2], bottom)) {
+        pure inst(SWAP, (bottom_in, unused[oparg-2], top_in --
+                    top_out, unused[oparg-2], bottom_out)) {
+            bottom_out = bottom_in;
+            DEAD(bottom_in);
+            top_out = top_in;
+            DEAD(top_in);
             assert(oparg >= 2);
         }
 
+        inst(INSTRUMENTED_LINE, ( -- )) {
+            int original_opcode = 0;
+            if (tstate->tracing) {
+                PyCodeObject *code = _PyFrame_GetCode(frame);
+                original_opcode = code->_co_monitoring->lines[(int)(this_instr - _PyCode_CODE(code))].original_opcode;
+                next_instr = this_instr;
+            } else {
+                original_opcode = _Py_call_instrumentation_line(
+                        tstate, frame, this_instr, prev_instr);
+                if (original_opcode < 0) {
+                    next_instr = this_instr+1;
+                    goto error;
+                }
+                next_instr = frame->instr_ptr;
+                if (next_instr != this_instr) {
+                    DISPATCH();
+                }
+            }
+            if (_PyOpcode_Caches[original_opcode]) {
+                _PyBinaryOpCache *cache = (_PyBinaryOpCache *)(next_instr+1);
+                /* Prevent the underlying instruction from specializing
+                * and overwriting the instrumentation. */
+                PAUSE_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(cache->counter);
+            }
+            opcode = original_opcode;
+            DISPATCH_GOTO();
+        }
+
         inst(INSTRUMENTED_INSTRUCTION, ( -- )) {
             int next_opcode = _Py_call_instrumentation_instruction(
                 tstate, frame, this_instr);
@@ -4090,15 +4667,19 @@ dummy_func(
             INSTRUMENTED_JUMP(this_instr, next_instr + oparg, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_JUMP);
         }
 
-        inst(INSTRUMENTED_JUMP_BACKWARD, (unused/1 -- )) {
-            CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
+        op(_MONITOR_JUMP_BACKWARD, (-- )) {
             INSTRUMENTED_JUMP(this_instr, next_instr - oparg, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_JUMP);
         }
 
+        macro(INSTRUMENTED_JUMP_BACKWARD) =
+            unused/1 +
+            _CHECK_PERIODIC +
+            _MONITOR_JUMP_BACKWARD;
+
         inst(INSTRUMENTED_POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE, (unused/1 -- )) {
-            PyObject *cond = POP();
-            assert(PyBool_Check(cond));
-            int flag = Py_IsTrue(cond);
+            _PyStackRef cond = POP();
+            assert(PyStackRef_BoolCheck(cond));
+            int flag = PyStackRef_Is(cond, PyStackRef_True);
             int offset = flag * oparg;
             #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
             this_instr[1].cache = (this_instr[1].cache << 1) | flag;
@@ -4107,9 +4688,9 @@ dummy_func(
         }
 
         inst(INSTRUMENTED_POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE, (unused/1 -- )) {
-            PyObject *cond = POP();
-            assert(PyBool_Check(cond));
-            int flag = Py_IsFalse(cond);
+            _PyStackRef cond = POP();
+            assert(PyStackRef_BoolCheck(cond));
+            int flag = PyStackRef_Is(cond, PyStackRef_False);
             int offset = flag * oparg;
             #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
             this_instr[1].cache = (this_instr[1].cache << 1) | flag;
@@ -4118,14 +4699,14 @@ dummy_func(
         }
 
         inst(INSTRUMENTED_POP_JUMP_IF_NONE, (unused/1 -- )) {
-            PyObject *value = POP();
-            int flag = Py_IsNone(value);
+            _PyStackRef value_stackref = POP();
+            int flag = PyStackRef_Is(value_stackref, PyStackRef_None);
             int offset;
             if (flag) {
                 offset = oparg;
             }
             else {
-                Py_DECREF(value);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(value_stackref);
                 offset = 0;
             }
             #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
@@ -4135,14 +4716,14 @@ dummy_func(
         }
 
         inst(INSTRUMENTED_POP_JUMP_IF_NOT_NONE, (unused/1 -- )) {
-            PyObject *value = POP();
+            _PyStackRef value_stackref = POP();
             int offset;
-            int nflag = Py_IsNone(value);
+            int nflag = PyStackRef_Is(value_stackref, PyStackRef_None);
             if (nflag) {
                 offset = 0;
             }
             else {
-                Py_DECREF(value);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(value_stackref);
                 offset = oparg;
             }
             #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
@@ -4172,35 +4753,38 @@ dummy_func(
         ///////// Tier-2 only opcodes /////////
 
         op (_GUARD_IS_TRUE_POP, (flag -- )) {
+            int is_true = PyStackRef_Is(flag, PyStackRef_True);
+            DEAD(flag);
             SYNC_SP();
-            EXIT_IF(!Py_IsTrue(flag));
-            assert(Py_IsTrue(flag));
+            EXIT_IF(!is_true);
         }
 
         op (_GUARD_IS_FALSE_POP, (flag -- )) {
+            int is_false = PyStackRef_Is(flag, PyStackRef_False);
+            DEAD(flag);
             SYNC_SP();
-            EXIT_IF(!Py_IsFalse(flag));
-            assert(Py_IsFalse(flag));
+            EXIT_IF(!is_false);
         }
 
         op (_GUARD_IS_NONE_POP, (val -- )) {
-            SYNC_SP();
-            if (!Py_IsNone(val)) {
-                Py_DECREF(val);
+            int is_none = PyStackRef_Is(val, PyStackRef_None);
+            if (!is_none) {
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(val);
+                SYNC_SP();
                 EXIT_IF(1);
             }
+            DEAD(val);
         }
 
         op (_GUARD_IS_NOT_NONE_POP, (val -- )) {
+            int is_none = PyStackRef_Is(val, PyStackRef_None);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(val);
             SYNC_SP();
-            EXIT_IF(Py_IsNone(val));
-            Py_DECREF(val);
+            EXIT_IF(is_none);
         }
 
         op(_JUMP_TO_TOP, (--)) {
-#ifndef _Py_JIT
-            next_uop = &current_executor->trace[1];
-#endif
+            JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
         }
 
         tier2 op(_SET_IP, (instr_ptr/4 --)) {
@@ -4222,8 +4806,54 @@ dummy_func(
             #endif
         }
 
-        tier2 op(_EXIT_TRACE, (--)) {
-            EXIT_TO_TRACE();
+        tier2 op(_EXIT_TRACE, (exit_p/4 --)) {
+            _PyExitData *exit = (_PyExitData *)exit_p;
+            PyCodeObject *code = _PyFrame_GetCode(frame);
+            _Py_CODEUNIT *target = _PyCode_CODE(code) + exit->target;
+        #if defined(Py_DEBUG) && !defined(_Py_JIT)
+            OPT_HIST(trace_uop_execution_counter, trace_run_length_hist);
+            if (lltrace >= 2) {
+                printf("SIDE EXIT: [UOp ");
+                _PyUOpPrint(&next_uop[-1]);
+                printf(", exit %u, temp %d, target %d -> %s]\n",
+                    exit - current_executor->exits, exit->temperature.value_and_backoff,
+                    (int)(target - _PyCode_CODE(code)),
+                    _PyOpcode_OpName[target->op.code]);
+            }
+        #endif
+            if (exit->executor && !exit->executor->vm_data.valid) {
+                exit->temperature = initial_temperature_backoff_counter();
+                Py_CLEAR(exit->executor);
+            }
+            if (exit->executor == NULL) {
+                _Py_BackoffCounter temperature = exit->temperature;
+                if (!backoff_counter_triggers(temperature)) {
+                    exit->temperature = advance_backoff_counter(temperature);
+                    tstate->previous_executor = (PyObject *)current_executor;
+                    GOTO_TIER_ONE(target);
+                }
+                _PyExecutorObject *executor;
+                if (target->op.code == ENTER_EXECUTOR) {
+                    executor = code->co_executors->executors[target->op.arg];
+                    Py_INCREF(executor);
+                }
+                else {
+                    int chain_depth = current_executor->vm_data.chain_depth + 1;
+                    int optimized = _PyOptimizer_Optimize(frame, target, stack_pointer, &executor, chain_depth);
+                    if (optimized <= 0) {
+                        exit->temperature = restart_backoff_counter(temperature);
+                        if (optimized < 0) {
+                            GOTO_UNWIND();
+                        }
+                        tstate->previous_executor = (PyObject *)current_executor;
+                        GOTO_TIER_ONE(target);
+                    }
+                }
+                exit->executor = executor;
+            }
+            Py_INCREF(exit->executor);
+            tstate->previous_executor = (PyObject *)current_executor;
+            GOTO_TIER_TWO(exit->executor);
         }
 
         tier2 op(_CHECK_VALIDITY, (--)) {
@@ -4231,83 +4861,79 @@ dummy_func(
         }
 
         tier2 pure op(_LOAD_CONST_INLINE, (ptr/4 -- value)) {
-            value = Py_NewRef(ptr);
+            value = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(ptr);
         }
 
         tier2 pure op(_LOAD_CONST_INLINE_BORROW, (ptr/4 -- value)) {
-            value = ptr;
+            value = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectImmortal(ptr);
         }
 
         tier2 pure op (_POP_TOP_LOAD_CONST_INLINE_BORROW, (ptr/4, pop -- value)) {
-            Py_DECREF(pop);
-            value = ptr;
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(pop);
+            value = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectImmortal(ptr);
         }
 
         tier2 pure op(_LOAD_CONST_INLINE_WITH_NULL, (ptr/4 -- value, null)) {
-            value = Py_NewRef(ptr);
-            null = NULL;
+            value = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(ptr);
+            null = PyStackRef_NULL;
         }
 
         tier2 pure op(_LOAD_CONST_INLINE_BORROW_WITH_NULL, (ptr/4 -- value, null)) {
-            value = ptr;
-            null = NULL;
+            value = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectImmortal(ptr);
+            null = PyStackRef_NULL;
         }
 
         tier2 op(_CHECK_FUNCTION, (func_version/2 -- )) {
-            assert(PyFunction_Check(frame->f_funcobj));
-            DEOPT_IF(((PyFunctionObject *)frame->f_funcobj)->func_version != func_version);
+            assert(PyStackRef_FunctionCheck(frame->f_funcobj));
+            PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(frame->f_funcobj);
+            DEOPT_IF(func->func_version != func_version);
         }
 
+        tier2 op(_LOAD_GLOBAL_MODULE, (index/1 -- res, null if (oparg & 1))) {
+            PyDictObject *dict = (PyDictObject *)GLOBALS();
+            PyDictUnicodeEntry *entries = DK_UNICODE_ENTRIES(dict->ma_keys);
+            PyObject *res_o = entries[index].me_value;
+            DEOPT_IF(res_o == NULL);
+            Py_INCREF(res_o);
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
+            null = PyStackRef_NULL;
+         }
+
+        tier2 op(_LOAD_GLOBAL_BUILTINS, (index/1 -- res, null if (oparg & 1))) {
+            PyDictObject *dict = (PyDictObject *)BUILTINS();
+            PyDictUnicodeEntry *entries = DK_UNICODE_ENTRIES(dict->ma_keys);
+            PyObject *res_o = entries[index].me_value;
+            DEOPT_IF(res_o == NULL);
+            Py_INCREF(res_o);
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
+            null = PyStackRef_NULL;
+         }
+
         /* Internal -- for testing executors */
         op(_INTERNAL_INCREMENT_OPT_COUNTER, (opt --)) {
-            _PyCounterOptimizerObject *exe = (_PyCounterOptimizerObject *)opt;
+            _PyCounterOptimizerObject *exe = (_PyCounterOptimizerObject *)PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(opt);
             exe->count++;
+            DEAD(opt);
         }
 
-        /* Only used for handling cold side exits, should never appear in
-         * a normal trace or as part of an instruction.
-         */
-        tier2 op(_COLD_EXIT, (--)) {
-            _PyExecutorObject *previous = (_PyExecutorObject *)tstate->previous_executor;
-            _PyExitData *exit = &previous->exits[oparg];
-            PyCodeObject *code = _PyFrame_GetCode(frame);
-            _Py_CODEUNIT *target = _PyCode_CODE(code) + exit->target;
-            _Py_BackoffCounter temperature = exit->temperature;
-            if (!backoff_counter_triggers(temperature)) {
-                exit->temperature = advance_backoff_counter(temperature);
-                GOTO_TIER_ONE(target);
-            }
-            _PyExecutorObject *executor;
-            if (target->op.code == ENTER_EXECUTOR) {
-                executor = code->co_executors->executors[target->op.arg];
-                Py_INCREF(executor);
-            }
-            else {
-                int optimized = _PyOptimizer_Optimize(frame, target, stack_pointer, &executor);
-                if (optimized <= 0) {
-                    exit->temperature = restart_backoff_counter(temperature);
-                    if (optimized < 0) {
-                        Py_DECREF(previous);
-                        tstate->previous_executor = Py_None;
-                        GOTO_UNWIND();
-                    }
-                    GOTO_TIER_ONE(target);
-                }
-            }
-            /* We need two references. One to store in exit->executor and
-            * one to keep the executor alive when executing. */
-            Py_INCREF(executor);
-            exit->executor = executor;
-            GOTO_TIER_TWO(executor);
-        }
-
-        tier2 op(_DYNAMIC_EXIT, (--)) {
+        tier2 op(_DYNAMIC_EXIT, (exit_p/4 --)) {
             tstate->previous_executor = (PyObject *)current_executor;
-            _PyExitData *exit = (_PyExitData *)&current_executor->exits[oparg];
+            _PyExitData *exit = (_PyExitData *)exit_p;
             _Py_CODEUNIT *target = frame->instr_ptr;
+        #if defined(Py_DEBUG) && !defined(_Py_JIT)
+            OPT_HIST(trace_uop_execution_counter, trace_run_length_hist);
+            if (lltrace >= 2) {
+                printf("DYNAMIC EXIT: [UOp ");
+                _PyUOpPrint(&next_uop[-1]);
+                printf(", exit %u, temp %d, target %d -> %s]\n",
+                    exit - current_executor->exits, exit->temperature.value_and_backoff,
+                    (int)(target - _PyCode_CODE(_PyFrame_GetCode(frame))),
+                    _PyOpcode_OpName[target->op.code]);
+            }
+        #endif
             _PyExecutorObject *executor;
             if (target->op.code == ENTER_EXECUTOR) {
-                PyCodeObject *code = (PyCodeObject *)frame->f_executable;
+                PyCodeObject *code = _PyFrame_GetCode(frame);
                 executor = code->co_executors->executors[target->op.arg];
                 Py_INCREF(executor);
             }
@@ -4316,12 +4942,10 @@ dummy_func(
                     exit->temperature = advance_backoff_counter(exit->temperature);
                     GOTO_TIER_ONE(target);
                 }
-                int optimized = _PyOptimizer_Optimize(frame, target, stack_pointer, &executor);
+                int optimized = _PyOptimizer_Optimize(frame, target, stack_pointer, &executor, 0);
                 if (optimized <= 0) {
                     exit->temperature = restart_backoff_counter(exit->temperature);
                     if (optimized < 0) {
-                        Py_DECREF(current_executor);
-                        tstate->previous_executor = Py_None;
                         GOTO_UNWIND();
                     }
                     GOTO_TIER_ONE(target);
@@ -4339,7 +4963,15 @@ dummy_func(
 #ifndef _Py_JIT
             current_executor = (_PyExecutorObject*)executor;
 #endif
-            DEOPT_IF(!((_PyExecutorObject *)executor)->vm_data.valid);
+            assert(((_PyExecutorObject *)executor)->vm_data.valid);
+        }
+
+        tier2 op(_MAKE_WARM, (--)) {
+            current_executor->vm_data.warm = true;
+            // It's okay if this ends up going negative.
+            if (--tstate->interp->trace_run_counter == 0) {
+                _Py_set_eval_breaker_bit(tstate, _PY_EVAL_JIT_INVALIDATE_COLD_BIT);
+            }
         }
 
         tier2 op(_FATAL_ERROR, (--)) {
diff --git a/Python/ceval.c b/Python/ceval.c
index e3968b07486463..beee5325cd6259 100644
--- a/Python/ceval.c
+++ b/Python/ceval.c
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 #include "Python.h"
 #include "pycore_abstract.h"      // _PyIndex_Check()
+#include "pycore_audit.h"         // _PySys_Audit()
 #include "pycore_backoff.h"
 #include "pycore_call.h"          // _PyObject_CallNoArgs()
 #include "pycore_cell.h"          // PyCell_GetRef()
@@ -26,7 +27,6 @@
 #include "pycore_range.h"         // _PyRangeIterObject
 #include "pycore_setobject.h"     // _PySet_Update()
 #include "pycore_sliceobject.h"   // _PyBuildSlice_ConsumeRefs
-#include "pycore_sysmodule.h"     // _PySys_Audit()
 #include "pycore_tuple.h"         // _PyTuple_ITEMS()
 #include "pycore_typeobject.h"    // _PySuper_Lookup()
 #include "pycore_uop_ids.h"       // Uops
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
 #include "opcode.h"
 #include "pydtrace.h"
 #include "setobject.h"
+#include "pycore_stackref.h"
 
 #include <stdbool.h>              // bool
 
@@ -51,19 +52,34 @@
 #  error "ceval.c must be build with Py_BUILD_CORE define for best performance"
 #endif
 
-#if !defined(Py_DEBUG) && !defined(Py_TRACE_REFS) && !defined(Py_GIL_DISABLED)
+#if !defined(Py_DEBUG) && !defined(Py_TRACE_REFS)
 // GH-89279: The MSVC compiler does not inline these static inline functions
 // in PGO build in _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault(), because this function is over
 // the limit of PGO, and that limit cannot be configured.
 // Define them as macros to make sure that they are always inlined by the
 // preprocessor.
-// TODO: implement Py_DECREF macro for Py_GIL_DISABLED
+
+#undef Py_IS_TYPE
+#define Py_IS_TYPE(ob, type) \
+    (_PyObject_CAST(ob)->ob_type == (type))
+
+#undef Py_XDECREF
+#define Py_XDECREF(arg) \
+    do { \
+        PyObject *xop = _PyObject_CAST(arg); \
+        if (xop != NULL) { \
+            Py_DECREF(xop); \
+        } \
+    } while (0)
+
+#ifndef Py_GIL_DISABLED
 
 #undef Py_DECREF
 #define Py_DECREF(arg) \
     do { \
         PyObject *op = _PyObject_CAST(arg); \
         if (_Py_IsImmortal(op)) { \
+            _Py_DECREF_IMMORTAL_STAT_INC(); \
             break; \
         } \
         _Py_DECREF_STAT_INC(); \
@@ -73,64 +89,87 @@
         } \
     } while (0)
 
-#undef Py_XDECREF
-#define Py_XDECREF(arg) \
-    do { \
-        PyObject *xop = _PyObject_CAST(arg); \
-        if (xop != NULL) { \
-            Py_DECREF(xop); \
-        } \
-    } while (0)
-
-#undef Py_IS_TYPE
-#define Py_IS_TYPE(ob, type) \
-    (_PyObject_CAST(ob)->ob_type == (type))
-
 #undef _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED
 #define _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(arg, dealloc) \
     do { \
         PyObject *op = _PyObject_CAST(arg); \
         if (_Py_IsImmortal(op)) { \
+            _Py_DECREF_IMMORTAL_STAT_INC(); \
             break; \
         } \
         _Py_DECREF_STAT_INC(); \
         if (--op->ob_refcnt == 0) { \
+            struct _reftracer_runtime_state *tracer = &_PyRuntime.ref_tracer; \
+            if (tracer->tracer_func != NULL) { \
+                void* data = tracer->tracer_data; \
+                tracer->tracer_func(op, PyRefTracer_DESTROY, data); \
+            } \
             destructor d = (destructor)(dealloc); \
             d(op); \
         } \
     } while (0)
+
+#else // Py_GIL_DISABLED
+
+#undef Py_DECREF
+#define Py_DECREF(arg) \
+    do { \
+        PyObject *op = _PyObject_CAST(arg); \
+        uint32_t local = _Py_atomic_load_uint32_relaxed(&op->ob_ref_local); \
+        if (local == _Py_IMMORTAL_REFCNT_LOCAL) { \
+            _Py_DECREF_IMMORTAL_STAT_INC(); \
+            break; \
+        } \
+        _Py_DECREF_STAT_INC(); \
+        if (_Py_IsOwnedByCurrentThread(op)) { \
+            local--; \
+            _Py_atomic_store_uint32_relaxed(&op->ob_ref_local, local); \
+            if (local == 0) { \
+                _Py_MergeZeroLocalRefcount(op); \
+            } \
+        } \
+        else { \
+            _Py_DecRefShared(op); \
+        } \
+    } while (0)
+
+#undef _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED
+#define _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(arg, dealloc) Py_DECREF(arg)
+
+#endif
 #endif
 
 
 #ifdef LLTRACE
 static void
-dump_stack(_PyInterpreterFrame *frame, PyObject **stack_pointer)
+dump_stack(_PyInterpreterFrame *frame, _PyStackRef *stack_pointer)
 {
-    PyObject **stack_base = _PyFrame_Stackbase(frame);
+    _PyStackRef *stack_base = _PyFrame_Stackbase(frame);
     PyObject *exc = PyErr_GetRaisedException();
     printf("    stack=[");
-    for (PyObject **ptr = stack_base; ptr < stack_pointer; ptr++) {
+    for (_PyStackRef *ptr = stack_base; ptr < stack_pointer; ptr++) {
         if (ptr != stack_base) {
             printf(", ");
         }
-        if (*ptr == NULL) {
+        PyObject *obj = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(*ptr);
+        if (obj == NULL) {
             printf("<nil>");
             continue;
         }
         if (
-            *ptr == Py_None
-            || PyBool_Check(*ptr)
-            || PyLong_CheckExact(*ptr)
-            || PyFloat_CheckExact(*ptr)
-            || PyUnicode_CheckExact(*ptr)
+            obj == Py_None
+            || PyBool_Check(obj)
+            || PyLong_CheckExact(obj)
+            || PyFloat_CheckExact(obj)
+            || PyUnicode_CheckExact(obj)
         ) {
-            if (PyObject_Print(*ptr, stdout, 0) == 0) {
+            if (PyObject_Print(obj, stdout, 0) == 0) {
                 continue;
             }
             PyErr_Clear();
         }
         // Don't call __repr__(), it might recurse into the interpreter.
-        printf("<%s at %p>", Py_TYPE(*ptr)->tp_name, (void *)(*ptr));
+        printf("<%s at %p>", Py_TYPE(obj)->tp_name, (void *)(ptr->bits));
     }
     printf("]\n");
     fflush(stdout);
@@ -139,7 +178,7 @@ dump_stack(_PyInterpreterFrame *frame, PyObject **stack_pointer)
 
 static void
 lltrace_instruction(_PyInterpreterFrame *frame,
-                    PyObject **stack_pointer,
+                    _PyStackRef *stack_pointer,
                     _Py_CODEUNIT *next_instr,
                     int opcode,
                     int oparg)
@@ -162,8 +201,8 @@ lltrace_instruction(_PyInterpreterFrame *frame,
 static void
 lltrace_resume_frame(_PyInterpreterFrame *frame)
 {
-    PyObject *fobj = frame->f_funcobj;
-    if (!PyCode_Check(frame->f_executable) ||
+    PyObject *fobj = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(frame->f_funcobj);
+    if (!PyStackRef_CodeCheck(frame->f_executable) ||
         fobj == NULL ||
         !PyFunction_Check(fobj)
     ) {
@@ -223,9 +262,6 @@ maybe_lltrace_resume_frame(_PyInterpreterFrame *frame, _PyInterpreterFrame *skip
 
 #endif
 
-static void monitor_raise(PyThreadState *tstate,
-                 _PyInterpreterFrame *frame,
-                 _Py_CODEUNIT *instr);
 static void monitor_reraise(PyThreadState *tstate,
                  _PyInterpreterFrame *frame,
                  _Py_CODEUNIT *instr);
@@ -243,14 +279,10 @@ static void monitor_throw(PyThreadState *tstate,
                  _PyInterpreterFrame *frame,
                  _Py_CODEUNIT *instr);
 
-static PyObject * import_name(PyThreadState *, _PyInterpreterFrame *,
-                              PyObject *, PyObject *, PyObject *);
-static PyObject * import_from(PyThreadState *, PyObject *, PyObject *);
-static int check_args_iterable(PyThreadState *, PyObject *func, PyObject *vararg);
 static int get_exception_handler(PyCodeObject *, int, int*, int*, int*);
 static  _PyInterpreterFrame *
-_PyEvalFramePushAndInit_Ex(PyThreadState *tstate, PyFunctionObject *func,
-    PyObject *locals, Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObject *callargs, PyObject *kwargs);
+_PyEvalFramePushAndInit_Ex(PyThreadState *tstate, _PyStackRef func,
+    PyObject *locals, Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObject *callargs, PyObject *kwargs, _PyInterpreterFrame *previous);
 
 #ifdef HAVE_ERRNO_H
 #include <errno.h>
@@ -343,6 +375,36 @@ const conversion_func _PyEval_ConversionFuncs[4] = {
     [FVC_ASCII] = PyObject_ASCII
 };
 
+const _Py_SpecialMethod _Py_SpecialMethods[] = {
+    [SPECIAL___ENTER__] = {
+        .name = &_Py_ID(__enter__),
+        .error = "'%.200s' object does not support the "
+                 "context manager protocol (missed __enter__ method)",
+    },
+    [SPECIAL___EXIT__] = {
+        .name = &_Py_ID(__exit__),
+        .error = "'%.200s' object does not support the "
+                 "context manager protocol (missed __exit__ method)",
+    },
+    [SPECIAL___AENTER__] = {
+        .name = &_Py_ID(__aenter__),
+        .error = "'%.200s' object does not support the asynchronous "
+                 "context manager protocol (missed __aenter__ method)",
+    },
+    [SPECIAL___AEXIT__] = {
+        .name = &_Py_ID(__aexit__),
+        .error = "'%.200s' object does not support the asynchronous "
+                 "context manager protocol (missed __aexit__ method)",
+    }
+};
+
+const size_t _Py_FunctionAttributeOffsets[] = {
+    [MAKE_FUNCTION_CLOSURE] = offsetof(PyFunctionObject, func_closure),
+    [MAKE_FUNCTION_ANNOTATIONS] = offsetof(PyFunctionObject, func_annotations),
+    [MAKE_FUNCTION_KWDEFAULTS] = offsetof(PyFunctionObject, func_kwdefaults),
+    [MAKE_FUNCTION_DEFAULTS] = offsetof(PyFunctionObject, func_defaults),
+    [MAKE_FUNCTION_ANNOTATE] = offsetof(PyFunctionObject, func_annotate),
+};
 
 // PEP 634: Structural Pattern Matching
 
@@ -577,7 +639,7 @@ PyEval_EvalCode(PyObject *co, PyObject *globals, PyObject *locals)
     if (locals == NULL) {
         locals = globals;
     }
-    PyObject *builtins = _PyEval_BuiltinsFromGlobals(tstate, globals); // borrowed ref
+    PyObject *builtins = _PyDict_LoadBuiltinsFromGlobals(globals);
     if (builtins == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
@@ -592,6 +654,7 @@ PyEval_EvalCode(PyObject *co, PyObject *globals, PyObject *locals)
         .fc_closure = NULL
     };
     PyFunctionObject *func = _PyFunction_FromConstructor(&desc);
+    _Py_DECREF_BUILTINS(builtins);
     if (func == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
@@ -652,8 +715,6 @@ static const _Py_CODEUNIT _Py_INTERPRETER_TRAMPOLINE_INSTRUCTIONS[] = {
     { .op.code = RESUME, .op.arg = RESUME_OPARG_DEPTH1_MASK | RESUME_AT_FUNC_START }
 };
 
-extern const struct _PyCode_DEF(8) _Py_InitCleanup;
-
 #ifdef Py_DEBUG
 extern void _PyUOpPrint(const _PyUOpInstruction *uop);
 #endif
@@ -672,15 +733,54 @@ extern void _PyUOpPrint(const _PyUOpInstruction *uop);
 #endif
 
 
+PyObject **
+_PyObjectArray_FromStackRefArray(_PyStackRef *input, Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObject **scratch)
+{
+    PyObject **result;
+    if (nargs > MAX_STACKREF_SCRATCH) {
+        // +1 in case PY_VECTORCALL_ARGUMENTS_OFFSET is set.
+        result = PyMem_Malloc((nargs + 1) * sizeof(PyObject *));
+        if (result == NULL) {
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        result++;
+    }
+    else {
+        result = scratch;
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < nargs; i++) {
+        result[i] = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(input[i]);
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+void
+_PyObjectArray_Free(PyObject **array, PyObject **scratch)
+{
+    if (array != scratch) {
+        PyMem_Free(array);
+    }
+}
+
+
 /* _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault() is a *big* function,
  * so consume 3 units of C stack */
 #define PY_EVAL_C_STACK_UNITS 2
 
-#if defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(_Py_USING_PGO)
-/* gh-111786: _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault is too large to optimize for speed with
-   PGO on MSVC. Disable that optimization temporarily. If this is fixed
-   upstream, we should gate this on the version of MSVC.
+
+/* _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault is too large to optimize for speed with PGO on MSVC
+   when the JIT is enabled or GIL is disabled. Disable that optimization around
+   this function only. If this is fixed upstream, we should gate this on the
+   version of MSVC.
  */
+#if (defined(_MSC_VER) && \
+     defined(_Py_USING_PGO) && \
+     (defined(_Py_JIT) || \
+      defined(Py_GIL_DISABLED)))
+#define DO_NOT_OPTIMIZE_INTERP_LOOP
+#endif
+
+#ifdef DO_NOT_OPTIMIZE_INTERP_LOOP
 #  pragma optimize("t", off)
 /* This setting is reversed below following _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault */
 #endif
@@ -711,15 +811,15 @@ _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault(PyThreadState *tstate, _PyInterpreterFrame *frame, int
 
 #ifdef Py_DEBUG
     /* Set these to invalid but identifiable values for debugging. */
-    entry_frame.f_funcobj = (PyObject*)0xaaa0;
+    entry_frame.f_funcobj = (_PyStackRef){.bits = 0xaaa0};
     entry_frame.f_locals = (PyObject*)0xaaa1;
     entry_frame.frame_obj = (PyFrameObject*)0xaaa2;
     entry_frame.f_globals = (PyObject*)0xaaa3;
     entry_frame.f_builtins = (PyObject*)0xaaa4;
 #endif
-    entry_frame.f_executable = Py_None;
+    entry_frame.f_executable = PyStackRef_None;
     entry_frame.instr_ptr = (_Py_CODEUNIT *)_Py_INTERPRETER_TRAMPOLINE_INSTRUCTIONS + 1;
-    entry_frame.stacktop = 0;
+    entry_frame.stackpointer = entry_frame.localsplus;
     entry_frame.owner = FRAME_OWNED_BY_CSTACK;
     entry_frame.return_offset = 0;
     /* Push frame */
@@ -750,7 +850,7 @@ _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault(PyThreadState *tstate, _PyInterpreterFrame *frame, int
     /* Local "register" variables.
      * These are cached values from the frame and code object.  */
     _Py_CODEUNIT *next_instr;
-    PyObject **stack_pointer;
+    _PyStackRef *stack_pointer;
 
 #if defined(_Py_TIER2) && !defined(_Py_JIT)
     /* Tier 2 interpreter state */
@@ -793,46 +893,6 @@ _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault(PyThreadState *tstate, _PyInterpreterFrame *frame, int
 
 #include "generated_cases.c.h"
 
-    /* INSTRUMENTED_LINE has to be here, rather than in bytecodes.c,
-     * because it needs to capture frame->instr_ptr before it is updated,
-     * as happens in the standard instruction prologue.
-     */
-#if USE_COMPUTED_GOTOS
-        TARGET_INSTRUMENTED_LINE:
-#else
-        case INSTRUMENTED_LINE:
-#endif
-    {
-        _Py_CODEUNIT *prev = frame->instr_ptr;
-        _Py_CODEUNIT *here = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
-        int original_opcode = 0;
-        if (tstate->tracing) {
-            PyCodeObject *code = _PyFrame_GetCode(frame);
-            original_opcode = code->_co_monitoring->lines[(int)(here - _PyCode_CODE(code))].original_opcode;
-        } else {
-            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
-            original_opcode = _Py_call_instrumentation_line(
-                    tstate, frame, here, prev);
-            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
-            if (original_opcode < 0) {
-                next_instr = here+1;
-                goto error;
-            }
-            next_instr = frame->instr_ptr;
-            if (next_instr != here) {
-                DISPATCH();
-            }
-        }
-        if (_PyOpcode_Caches[original_opcode]) {
-            _PyBinaryOpCache *cache = (_PyBinaryOpCache *)(next_instr+1);
-            /* Prevent the underlying instruction from specializing
-             * and overwriting the instrumentation. */
-            PAUSE_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(cache->counter);
-        }
-        opcode = original_opcode;
-        DISPATCH_GOTO();
-    }
-
 
 #if USE_COMPUTED_GOTOS
         _unknown_opcode:
@@ -882,7 +942,7 @@ _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault(PyThreadState *tstate, _PyInterpreterFrame *frame, int
                 PyTraceBack_Here(f);
             }
         }
-        monitor_raise(tstate, frame, next_instr-1);
+        _PyEval_MonitorRaise(tstate, frame, next_instr-1);
 exception_unwind:
         {
             /* We can't use frame->instr_ptr here, as RERAISE may have set it */
@@ -893,10 +953,9 @@ _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault(PyThreadState *tstate, _PyInterpreterFrame *frame, int
                 assert(_PyErr_Occurred(tstate));
 
                 /* Pop remaining stack entries. */
-                PyObject **stackbase = _PyFrame_Stackbase(frame);
+                _PyStackRef *stackbase = _PyFrame_Stackbase(frame);
                 while (stack_pointer > stackbase) {
-                    PyObject *o = POP();
-                    Py_XDECREF(o);
+                    PyStackRef_XCLOSE(POP());
                 }
                 assert(STACK_LEVEL() == 0);
                 _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
@@ -905,10 +964,9 @@ _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault(PyThreadState *tstate, _PyInterpreterFrame *frame, int
             }
 
             assert(STACK_LEVEL() >= level);
-            PyObject **new_top = _PyFrame_Stackbase(frame) + level;
+            _PyStackRef *new_top = _PyFrame_Stackbase(frame) + level;
             while (stack_pointer > new_top) {
-                PyObject *v = POP();
-                Py_XDECREF(v);
+                PyStackRef_XCLOSE(POP());
             }
             if (lasti) {
                 int frame_lasti = _PyInterpreterFrame_LASTI(frame);
@@ -916,7 +974,7 @@ _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault(PyThreadState *tstate, _PyInterpreterFrame *frame, int
                 if (lasti == NULL) {
                     goto exception_unwind;
                 }
-                PUSH(lasti);
+                PUSH(PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(lasti));
             }
 
             /* Make the raw exception data
@@ -924,7 +982,7 @@ _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault(PyThreadState *tstate, _PyInterpreterFrame *frame, int
                 so a program can emulate the
                 Python main loop. */
             PyObject *exc = _PyErr_GetRaisedException(tstate);
-            PUSH(exc);
+            PUSH(PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(exc));
             next_instr = _PyCode_CODE(_PyFrame_GetCode(frame)) + handler;
 
             if (monitor_handled(tstate, frame, next_instr, exc) < 0) {
@@ -1002,21 +1060,21 @@ _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault(PyThreadState *tstate, _PyInterpreterFrame *frame, int
     uint64_t trace_uop_execution_counter = 0;
 #endif
 
-    assert(next_uop->opcode == _START_EXECUTOR || next_uop->opcode == _COLD_EXIT);
+    assert(next_uop->opcode == _START_EXECUTOR);
 tier2_dispatch:
     for (;;) {
         uopcode = next_uop->opcode;
 #ifdef Py_DEBUG
         if (lltrace >= 3) {
-            if (next_uop->opcode == _START_EXECUTOR || next_uop->opcode == _COLD_EXIT) {
+            dump_stack(frame, stack_pointer);
+            if (next_uop->opcode == _START_EXECUTOR) {
                 printf("%4d uop: ", 0);
             }
             else {
                 printf("%4d uop: ", (int)(next_uop - current_executor->trace));
             }
             _PyUOpPrint(next_uop);
-            printf(" stack_level=%d\n",
-                (int)(stack_pointer - _PyFrame_Stackbase(frame)));
+            printf("\n");
         }
 #endif
         next_uop++;
@@ -1096,36 +1154,20 @@ _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault(PyThreadState *tstate, _PyInterpreterFrame *frame, int
     tstate->previous_executor = NULL;
     DISPATCH();
 
-exit_to_trace:
-    assert(next_uop[-1].format == UOP_FORMAT_EXIT);
-    OPT_HIST(trace_uop_execution_counter, trace_run_length_hist);
-    uint32_t exit_index = next_uop[-1].exit_index;
-    assert(exit_index < current_executor->exit_count);
-    _PyExitData *exit = &current_executor->exits[exit_index];
-#ifdef Py_DEBUG
-    if (lltrace >= 2) {
-        printf("SIDE EXIT: [UOp ");
-        _PyUOpPrint(&next_uop[-1]);
-        printf(", exit %u, temp %d, target %d -> %s]\n",
-               exit_index, exit->temperature.as_counter, exit->target,
-               _PyOpcode_OpName[_PyCode_CODE(_PyFrame_GetCode(frame))[exit->target].op.code]);
-    }
-#endif
-    Py_INCREF(exit->executor);
-    tstate->previous_executor = (PyObject *)current_executor;
-    GOTO_TIER_TWO(exit->executor);
-
 #endif  // _Py_JIT
 
 #endif // _Py_TIER2
 
 }
 
+#ifdef DO_NOT_OPTIMIZE_INTERP_LOOP
+#  pragma optimize("", on)
+#endif
+
 #if defined(__GNUC__)
 #  pragma GCC diagnostic pop
 #elif defined(_MSC_VER) /* MS_WINDOWS */
 #  pragma warning(pop)
-#  pragma optimize("", on)
 #endif
 
 static void
@@ -1194,7 +1236,7 @@ format_missing(PyThreadState *tstate, const char *kind,
 static void
 missing_arguments(PyThreadState *tstate, PyCodeObject *co,
                   Py_ssize_t missing, Py_ssize_t defcount,
-                  PyObject **localsplus, PyObject *qualname)
+                  _PyStackRef *localsplus, PyObject *qualname)
 {
     Py_ssize_t i, j = 0;
     Py_ssize_t start, end;
@@ -1215,7 +1257,7 @@ missing_arguments(PyThreadState *tstate, PyCodeObject *co,
         end = start + co->co_kwonlyargcount;
     }
     for (i = start; i < end; i++) {
-        if (localsplus[i] == NULL) {
+        if (PyStackRef_IsNull(localsplus[i])) {
             PyObject *raw = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(co->co_localsplusnames, i);
             PyObject *name = PyObject_Repr(raw);
             if (name == NULL) {
@@ -1233,7 +1275,7 @@ missing_arguments(PyThreadState *tstate, PyCodeObject *co,
 static void
 too_many_positional(PyThreadState *tstate, PyCodeObject *co,
                     Py_ssize_t given, PyObject *defaults,
-                    PyObject **localsplus, PyObject *qualname)
+                    _PyStackRef *localsplus, PyObject *qualname)
 {
     int plural;
     Py_ssize_t kwonly_given = 0;
@@ -1244,7 +1286,7 @@ too_many_positional(PyThreadState *tstate, PyCodeObject *co,
     assert((co->co_flags & CO_VARARGS) == 0);
     /* Count missing keyword-only args. */
     for (i = co_argcount; i < co_argcount + co->co_kwonlyargcount; i++) {
-        if (localsplus[i] != NULL) {
+        if (PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(localsplus[i]) != NULL) {
             kwonly_given++;
         }
     }
@@ -1273,7 +1315,7 @@ too_many_positional(PyThreadState *tstate, PyCodeObject *co,
     }
     else {
         /* This will not fail. */
-        kwonly_sig = PyUnicode_FromString("");
+        kwonly_sig = Py_GetConstant(Py_CONSTANT_EMPTY_STR);
         assert(kwonly_sig != NULL);
     }
     _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
@@ -1422,7 +1464,7 @@ get_exception_handler(PyCodeObject *code, int index, int *level, int *handler, i
 
 static int
 initialize_locals(PyThreadState *tstate, PyFunctionObject *func,
-    PyObject **localsplus, PyObject *const *args,
+    _PyStackRef *localsplus, _PyStackRef const *args,
     Py_ssize_t argcount, PyObject *kwnames)
 {
     PyCodeObject *co = (PyCodeObject*)func->func_code;
@@ -1440,8 +1482,8 @@ initialize_locals(PyThreadState *tstate, PyFunctionObject *func,
         if (co->co_flags & CO_VARARGS) {
             i++;
         }
-        assert(localsplus[i] == NULL);
-        localsplus[i] = kwdict;
+        assert(PyStackRef_IsNull(localsplus[i]));
+        localsplus[i] = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(kwdict);
     }
     else {
         kwdict = NULL;
@@ -1456,9 +1498,8 @@ initialize_locals(PyThreadState *tstate, PyFunctionObject *func,
         n = argcount;
     }
     for (j = 0; j < n; j++) {
-        PyObject *x = args[j];
-        assert(localsplus[j] == NULL);
-        localsplus[j] = x;
+        assert(PyStackRef_IsNull(localsplus[j]));
+        localsplus[j] = args[j];
     }
 
     /* Pack other positional arguments into the *args argument */
@@ -1468,19 +1509,18 @@ initialize_locals(PyThreadState *tstate, PyFunctionObject *func,
             u = (PyObject *)&_Py_SINGLETON(tuple_empty);
         }
         else {
-            assert(args != NULL);
-            u = _PyTuple_FromArraySteal(args + n, argcount - n);
+            u = _PyTuple_FromStackRefSteal(args + n, argcount - n);
         }
         if (u == NULL) {
             goto fail_post_positional;
         }
-        assert(localsplus[total_args] == NULL);
-        localsplus[total_args] = u;
+        assert(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(localsplus[total_args]) == NULL);
+        localsplus[total_args] = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(u);
     }
     else if (argcount > n) {
         /* Too many positional args. Error is reported later */
         for (j = n; j < argcount; j++) {
-            Py_DECREF(args[j]);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(args[j]);
         }
     }
 
@@ -1490,7 +1530,7 @@ initialize_locals(PyThreadState *tstate, PyFunctionObject *func,
         for (i = 0; i < kwcount; i++) {
             PyObject **co_varnames;
             PyObject *keyword = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(kwnames, i);
-            PyObject *value = args[i+argcount];
+            _PyStackRef value_stackref = args[i+argcount];
             Py_ssize_t j;
 
             if (keyword == NULL || !PyUnicode_Check(keyword)) {
@@ -1563,27 +1603,26 @@ initialize_locals(PyThreadState *tstate, PyFunctionObject *func,
                 goto kw_fail;
             }
 
-            if (PyDict_SetItem(kwdict, keyword, value) == -1) {
+            if (PyDict_SetItem(kwdict, keyword, PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(value_stackref)) == -1) {
                 goto kw_fail;
             }
-            Py_DECREF(value);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(value_stackref);
             continue;
 
         kw_fail:
             for (;i < kwcount; i++) {
-                PyObject *value = args[i+argcount];
-                Py_DECREF(value);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(args[i+argcount]);
             }
             goto fail_post_args;
 
         kw_found:
-            if (localsplus[j] != NULL) {
+            if (PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(localsplus[j]) != NULL) {
                 _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
                             "%U() got multiple values for argument '%S'",
                           func->func_qualname, keyword);
                 goto kw_fail;
             }
-            localsplus[j] = value;
+            localsplus[j] = value_stackref;
         }
     }
 
@@ -1600,7 +1639,7 @@ initialize_locals(PyThreadState *tstate, PyFunctionObject *func,
         Py_ssize_t m = co->co_argcount - defcount;
         Py_ssize_t missing = 0;
         for (i = argcount; i < m; i++) {
-            if (localsplus[i] == NULL) {
+            if (PyStackRef_IsNull(localsplus[i])) {
                 missing++;
             }
         }
@@ -1616,9 +1655,9 @@ initialize_locals(PyThreadState *tstate, PyFunctionObject *func,
         if (defcount) {
             PyObject **defs = &PyTuple_GET_ITEM(func->func_defaults, 0);
             for (; i < defcount; i++) {
-                if (localsplus[m+i] == NULL) {
+                if (PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(localsplus[m+i]) == NULL) {
                     PyObject *def = defs[i];
-                    localsplus[m+i] = Py_NewRef(def);
+                    localsplus[m+i] = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(def);
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -1628,7 +1667,7 @@ initialize_locals(PyThreadState *tstate, PyFunctionObject *func,
     if (co->co_kwonlyargcount > 0) {
         Py_ssize_t missing = 0;
         for (i = co->co_argcount; i < total_args; i++) {
-            if (localsplus[i] != NULL)
+            if (PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(localsplus[i]) != NULL)
                 continue;
             PyObject *varname = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(co->co_localsplusnames, i);
             if (func->func_kwdefaults != NULL) {
@@ -1637,7 +1676,7 @@ initialize_locals(PyThreadState *tstate, PyFunctionObject *func,
                     goto fail_post_args;
                 }
                 if (def) {
-                    localsplus[i] = def;
+                    localsplus[i] = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(def);
                     continue;
                 }
             }
@@ -1653,14 +1692,14 @@ initialize_locals(PyThreadState *tstate, PyFunctionObject *func,
 
 fail_pre_positional:
     for (j = 0; j < argcount; j++) {
-        Py_DECREF(args[j]);
+        PyStackRef_CLOSE(args[j]);
     }
     /* fall through */
 fail_post_positional:
     if (kwnames) {
         Py_ssize_t kwcount = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(kwnames);
         for (j = argcount; j < argcount+kwcount; j++) {
-            Py_DECREF(args[j]);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(args[j]);
         }
     }
     /* fall through */
@@ -1679,7 +1718,7 @@ clear_thread_frame(PyThreadState *tstate, _PyInterpreterFrame * frame)
     tstate->c_recursion_remaining--;
     assert(frame->frame_obj == NULL || frame->frame_obj->f_frame == frame);
     _PyFrame_ClearExceptCode(frame);
-    Py_DECREF(frame->f_executable);
+    PyStackRef_CLEAR(frame->f_executable);
     tstate->c_recursion_remaining++;
     _PyThreadState_PopFrame(tstate, frame);
 }
@@ -1688,7 +1727,7 @@ static void
 clear_gen_frame(PyThreadState *tstate, _PyInterpreterFrame * frame)
 {
     assert(frame->owner == FRAME_OWNED_BY_GENERATOR);
-    PyGenObject *gen = _PyFrame_GetGenerator(frame);
+    PyGenObject *gen = _PyGen_GetGeneratorFromFrame(frame);
     gen->gi_frame_state = FRAME_CLEARED;
     assert(tstate->exc_info == &gen->gi_exc_state);
     tstate->exc_info = gen->gi_exc_state.previous_item;
@@ -1714,18 +1753,19 @@ _PyEval_FrameClearAndPop(PyThreadState *tstate, _PyInterpreterFrame * frame)
 
 /* Consumes references to func, locals and all the args */
 _PyInterpreterFrame *
-_PyEvalFramePushAndInit(PyThreadState *tstate, PyFunctionObject *func,
-                        PyObject *locals, PyObject* const* args,
-                        size_t argcount, PyObject *kwnames)
+_PyEvalFramePushAndInit(PyThreadState *tstate, _PyStackRef func,
+                        PyObject *locals, _PyStackRef const* args,
+                        size_t argcount, PyObject *kwnames, _PyInterpreterFrame *previous)
 {
-    PyCodeObject * code = (PyCodeObject *)func->func_code;
+    PyFunctionObject *func_obj = (PyFunctionObject *)PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(func);
+    PyCodeObject * code = (PyCodeObject *)func_obj->func_code;
     CALL_STAT_INC(frames_pushed);
     _PyInterpreterFrame *frame = _PyThreadState_PushFrame(tstate, code->co_framesize);
     if (frame == NULL) {
         goto fail;
     }
-    _PyFrame_Initialize(frame, func, locals, code, 0);
-    if (initialize_locals(tstate, func, frame->localsplus, args, argcount, kwnames)) {
+    _PyFrame_Initialize(frame, func, locals, code, 0, previous);
+    if (initialize_locals(tstate, func_obj, frame->localsplus, args, argcount, kwnames)) {
         assert(frame->owner == FRAME_OWNED_BY_THREAD);
         clear_thread_frame(tstate, frame);
         return NULL;
@@ -1733,27 +1773,54 @@ _PyEvalFramePushAndInit(PyThreadState *tstate, PyFunctionObject *func,
     return frame;
 fail:
     /* Consume the references */
-    Py_DECREF(func);
+    PyStackRef_CLOSE(func);
     Py_XDECREF(locals);
     for (size_t i = 0; i < argcount; i++) {
-        Py_DECREF(args[i]);
+        PyStackRef_CLOSE(args[i]);
     }
     if (kwnames) {
         Py_ssize_t kwcount = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(kwnames);
         for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < kwcount; i++) {
-            Py_DECREF(args[i+argcount]);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(args[i+argcount]);
         }
     }
     PyErr_NoMemory();
     return NULL;
 }
 
+static _PyInterpreterFrame *
+_PyEvalFramePushAndInit_UnTagged(PyThreadState *tstate, _PyStackRef func,
+                        PyObject *locals, PyObject *const* args,
+                        size_t argcount, PyObject *kwnames, _PyInterpreterFrame *previous)
+{
+#if defined(Py_GIL_DISABLED)
+    size_t kw_count = kwnames == NULL ? 0 : PyTuple_GET_SIZE(kwnames);
+    size_t total_argcount = argcount + kw_count;
+    _PyStackRef *tagged_args_buffer = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(_PyStackRef) * total_argcount);
+    if (tagged_args_buffer == NULL) {
+        PyErr_NoMemory();
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < argcount; i++) {
+        tagged_args_buffer[i] = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(args[i]);
+    }
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < kw_count; i++) {
+        tagged_args_buffer[argcount + i] = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(args[argcount + i]);
+    }
+    _PyInterpreterFrame *res = _PyEvalFramePushAndInit(tstate, func, locals, (_PyStackRef const *)tagged_args_buffer, argcount, kwnames, previous);
+    PyMem_Free(tagged_args_buffer);
+    return res;
+#else
+    return _PyEvalFramePushAndInit(tstate, func, locals, (_PyStackRef const *)args, argcount, kwnames, previous);
+#endif
+}
+
 /* Same as _PyEvalFramePushAndInit but takes an args tuple and kwargs dict.
    Steals references to func, callargs and kwargs.
 */
 static _PyInterpreterFrame *
-_PyEvalFramePushAndInit_Ex(PyThreadState *tstate, PyFunctionObject *func,
-    PyObject *locals, Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObject *callargs, PyObject *kwargs)
+_PyEvalFramePushAndInit_Ex(PyThreadState *tstate, _PyStackRef func,
+    PyObject *locals, Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObject *callargs, PyObject *kwargs, _PyInterpreterFrame *previous)
 {
     bool has_dict = (kwargs != NULL && PyDict_GET_SIZE(kwargs) > 0);
     PyObject *kwnames = NULL;
@@ -1761,7 +1828,7 @@ _PyEvalFramePushAndInit_Ex(PyThreadState *tstate, PyFunctionObject *func,
     if (has_dict) {
         newargs = _PyStack_UnpackDict(tstate, _PyTuple_ITEMS(callargs), nargs, kwargs, &kwnames);
         if (newargs == NULL) {
-            Py_DECREF(func);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(func);
             goto error;
         }
     }
@@ -1772,9 +1839,9 @@ _PyEvalFramePushAndInit_Ex(PyThreadState *tstate, PyFunctionObject *func,
             Py_INCREF(PyTuple_GET_ITEM(callargs, i));
         }
     }
-    _PyInterpreterFrame *new_frame = _PyEvalFramePushAndInit(
-        tstate, (PyFunctionObject *)func, locals,
-        newargs, nargs, kwnames
+    _PyInterpreterFrame *new_frame = _PyEvalFramePushAndInit_UnTagged(
+        tstate, func, locals,
+        newargs, nargs, kwnames, previous
     );
     if (has_dict) {
         _PyStack_UnpackDict_FreeNoDecRef(newargs, kwnames);
@@ -1799,7 +1866,6 @@ _PyEval_Vector(PyThreadState *tstate, PyFunctionObject *func,
 {
     /* _PyEvalFramePushAndInit consumes the references
      * to func, locals and all its arguments */
-    Py_INCREF(func);
     Py_XINCREF(locals);
     for (size_t i = 0; i < argcount; i++) {
         Py_INCREF(args[i]);
@@ -1810,8 +1876,9 @@ _PyEval_Vector(PyThreadState *tstate, PyFunctionObject *func,
             Py_INCREF(args[i+argcount]);
         }
     }
-    _PyInterpreterFrame *frame = _PyEvalFramePushAndInit(
-        tstate, func, locals, args, argcount, kwnames);
+    _PyInterpreterFrame *frame = _PyEvalFramePushAndInit_UnTagged(
+        tstate, PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(func), locals,
+        args, argcount, kwnames, NULL);
     if (frame == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
@@ -1833,7 +1900,7 @@ PyEval_EvalCodeEx(PyObject *_co, PyObject *globals, PyObject *locals,
     if (defaults == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
-    PyObject *builtins = _PyEval_BuiltinsFromGlobals(tstate, globals); // borrowed ref
+    PyObject *builtins = _PyDict_LoadBuiltinsFromGlobals(globals);
     if (builtins == NULL) {
         Py_DECREF(defaults);
         return NULL;
@@ -1888,6 +1955,7 @@ PyEval_EvalCodeEx(PyObject *_co, PyObject *globals, PyObject *locals,
     Py_XDECREF(func);
     Py_XDECREF(kwnames);
     PyMem_Free(newargs);
+    _Py_DECREF_BUILTINS(builtins);
     Py_DECREF(defaults);
     return res;
 }
@@ -2062,8 +2130,8 @@ _PyEval_ExceptionGroupMatch(PyObject* exc_value, PyObject *match_type,
 */
 
 int
-_PyEval_UnpackIterable(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *v,
-                       int argcnt, int argcntafter, PyObject **sp)
+_PyEval_UnpackIterableStackRef(PyThreadState *tstate, _PyStackRef v_stackref,
+                       int argcnt, int argcntafter, _PyStackRef *sp)
 {
     int i = 0, j = 0;
     Py_ssize_t ll = 0;
@@ -2071,6 +2139,7 @@ _PyEval_UnpackIterable(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *v,
     PyObject *w;
     PyObject *l = NULL; /* variable list */
 
+    PyObject *v = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(v_stackref);
     assert(v != NULL);
 
     it = PyObject_GetIter(v);
@@ -2105,7 +2174,7 @@ _PyEval_UnpackIterable(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *v,
             }
             goto Error;
         }
-        *--sp = w;
+        *--sp = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(w);
     }
 
     if (argcntafter == -1) {
@@ -2118,6 +2187,17 @@ _PyEval_UnpackIterable(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *v,
             return 1;
         }
         Py_DECREF(w);
+
+        if (PyList_CheckExact(v) || PyTuple_CheckExact(v)
+              || PyDict_CheckExact(v)) {
+            ll = PyDict_CheckExact(v) ? PyDict_Size(v) : Py_SIZE(v);
+            if (ll > argcnt) {
+                _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_ValueError,
+                              "too many values to unpack (expected %d, got %zd)",
+                              argcnt, ll);
+                goto Error;
+            }
+        }
         _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_ValueError,
                       "too many values to unpack (expected %d)",
                       argcnt);
@@ -2127,7 +2207,7 @@ _PyEval_UnpackIterable(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *v,
     l = PySequence_List(it);
     if (l == NULL)
         goto Error;
-    *--sp = l;
+    *--sp = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(l);
     i++;
 
     ll = PyList_GET_SIZE(l);
@@ -2140,7 +2220,7 @@ _PyEval_UnpackIterable(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *v,
 
     /* Pop the "after-variable" args off the list. */
     for (j = argcntafter; j > 0; j--, i++) {
-        *--sp = PyList_GET_ITEM(l, ll - j);
+        *--sp = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(PyList_GET_ITEM(l, ll - j));
     }
     /* Resize the list. */
     Py_SET_SIZE(l, ll - argcntafter);
@@ -2148,8 +2228,9 @@ _PyEval_UnpackIterable(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *v,
     return 1;
 
 Error:
-    for (; i > 0; i--, sp++)
-        Py_DECREF(*sp);
+    for (; i > 0; i--, sp++) {
+        PyStackRef_CLOSE(*sp);
+    }
     Py_XDECREF(it);
     return 0;
 }
@@ -2194,8 +2275,8 @@ no_tools_for_local_event(PyThreadState *tstate, _PyInterpreterFrame *frame, int
     }
 }
 
-static void
-monitor_raise(PyThreadState *tstate, _PyInterpreterFrame *frame,
+void
+_PyEval_MonitorRaise(PyThreadState *tstate, _PyInterpreterFrame *frame,
               _Py_CODEUNIT *instr)
 {
     if (no_tools_for_global_event(tstate, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_RAISE)) {
@@ -2476,6 +2557,7 @@ _PyEval_GetBuiltinId(_Py_Identifier *name)
 PyObject *
 PyEval_GetLocals(void)
 {
+    // We need to return a borrowed reference here, so some tricks are needed
     PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
      _PyInterpreterFrame *current_frame = _PyThreadState_GetFrame(tstate);
     if (current_frame == NULL) {
@@ -2483,7 +2565,37 @@ PyEval_GetLocals(void)
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    PyObject *locals = _PyEval_GetFrameLocals();
+    // Be aware that this returns a new reference
+    PyObject *locals = _PyFrame_GetLocals(current_frame);
+
+    if (locals == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    if (PyFrameLocalsProxy_Check(locals)) {
+        PyFrameObject *f = _PyFrame_GetFrameObject(current_frame);
+        PyObject *ret = f->f_locals_cache;
+        if (ret == NULL) {
+            ret = PyDict_New();
+            if (ret == NULL) {
+                Py_DECREF(locals);
+                return NULL;
+            }
+            f->f_locals_cache = ret;
+        }
+        if (PyDict_Update(ret, locals) < 0) {
+            // At this point, if the cache dict is broken, it will stay broken, as
+            // trying to clean it up or replace it will just cause other problems
+            ret = NULL;
+        }
+        Py_DECREF(locals);
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    assert(PyMapping_Check(locals));
+    assert(Py_REFCNT(locals) > 1);
+    Py_DECREF(locals);
+
     return locals;
 }
 
@@ -2647,8 +2759,8 @@ _PyEval_SliceIndexNotNone(PyObject *v, Py_ssize_t *pi)
     return 1;
 }
 
-static PyObject *
-import_name(PyThreadState *tstate, _PyInterpreterFrame *frame,
+PyObject *
+_PyEval_ImportName(PyThreadState *tstate, _PyInterpreterFrame *frame,
             PyObject *name, PyObject *fromlist, PyObject *level)
 {
     PyObject *import_func;
@@ -2686,11 +2798,11 @@ import_name(PyThreadState *tstate, _PyInterpreterFrame *frame,
     return res;
 }
 
-static PyObject *
-import_from(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *v, PyObject *name)
+PyObject *
+_PyEval_ImportFrom(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *v, PyObject *name)
 {
     PyObject *x;
-    PyObject *fullmodname, *pkgname, *pkgpath, *pkgname_or_unknown, *errmsg;
+    PyObject *fullmodname, *mod_name, *origin, *mod_name_or_unknown, *errmsg, *spec;
 
     if (PyObject_GetOptionalAttr(v, name, &x) != 0) {
         return x;
@@ -2698,16 +2810,16 @@ import_from(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *v, PyObject *name)
     /* Issue #17636: in case this failed because of a circular relative
        import, try to fallback on reading the module directly from
        sys.modules. */
-    if (PyObject_GetOptionalAttr(v, &_Py_ID(__name__), &pkgname) < 0) {
+    if (PyObject_GetOptionalAttr(v, &_Py_ID(__name__), &mod_name) < 0) {
         return NULL;
     }
-    if (pkgname == NULL || !PyUnicode_Check(pkgname)) {
-        Py_CLEAR(pkgname);
+    if (mod_name == NULL || !PyUnicode_Check(mod_name)) {
+        Py_CLEAR(mod_name);
         goto error;
     }
-    fullmodname = PyUnicode_FromFormat("%U.%U", pkgname, name);
+    fullmodname = PyUnicode_FromFormat("%U.%U", mod_name, name);
     if (fullmodname == NULL) {
-        Py_DECREF(pkgname);
+        Py_DECREF(mod_name);
         return NULL;
     }
     x = PyImport_GetModule(fullmodname);
@@ -2715,63 +2827,121 @@ import_from(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *v, PyObject *name)
     if (x == NULL && !_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
         goto error;
     }
-    Py_DECREF(pkgname);
+    Py_DECREF(mod_name);
     return x;
+
  error:
-    if (pkgname == NULL) {
-        pkgname_or_unknown = PyUnicode_FromString("<unknown module name>");
-        if (pkgname_or_unknown == NULL) {
+    if (mod_name == NULL) {
+        mod_name_or_unknown = PyUnicode_FromString("<unknown module name>");
+        if (mod_name_or_unknown == NULL) {
             return NULL;
         }
     } else {
-        pkgname_or_unknown = pkgname;
+        mod_name_or_unknown = mod_name;
     }
+    // mod_name is no longer an owned reference
+    assert(mod_name_or_unknown);
+    assert(mod_name == NULL || mod_name == mod_name_or_unknown);
 
-    pkgpath = NULL;
-    if (PyModule_Check(v)) {
-        pkgpath = PyModule_GetFilenameObject(v);
-        if (pkgpath == NULL) {
-            if (!PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_SystemError)) {
-                Py_DECREF(pkgname_or_unknown);
-                return NULL;
+    origin = NULL;
+    if (PyObject_GetOptionalAttr(v, &_Py_ID(__spec__), &spec) < 0) {
+        Py_DECREF(mod_name_or_unknown);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if (spec == NULL) {
+        errmsg = PyUnicode_FromFormat(
+            "cannot import name %R from %R (unknown location)",
+            name, mod_name_or_unknown
+        );
+        goto done_with_errmsg;
+    }
+    if (_PyModuleSpec_GetFileOrigin(spec, &origin) < 0) {
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    int is_possibly_shadowing = _PyModule_IsPossiblyShadowing(origin);
+    if (is_possibly_shadowing < 0) {
+        goto done;
+    }
+    int is_possibly_shadowing_stdlib = 0;
+    if (is_possibly_shadowing) {
+        PyObject *stdlib_modules = PySys_GetObject("stdlib_module_names");
+        if (stdlib_modules && PyAnySet_Check(stdlib_modules)) {
+            is_possibly_shadowing_stdlib = PySet_Contains(stdlib_modules, mod_name_or_unknown);
+            if (is_possibly_shadowing_stdlib < 0) {
+                goto done;
             }
-            // module filename missing
-            _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
         }
     }
-    if (pkgpath == NULL || !PyUnicode_Check(pkgpath)) {
-        Py_CLEAR(pkgpath);
+
+    if (is_possibly_shadowing_stdlib) {
+        assert(origin);
         errmsg = PyUnicode_FromFormat(
-            "cannot import name %R from %R (unknown location)",
-            name, pkgname_or_unknown
+            "cannot import name %R from %R "
+            "(consider renaming %R since it has the same "
+            "name as the standard library module named %R "
+            "and prevents importing that standard library module)",
+            name, mod_name_or_unknown, origin, mod_name_or_unknown
         );
     }
     else {
-        PyObject *spec;
-        int rc = PyObject_GetOptionalAttr(v, &_Py_ID(__spec__), &spec);
-        if (rc > 0) {
-            rc = _PyModuleSpec_IsInitializing(spec);
-            Py_DECREF(spec);
-        }
+        int rc = _PyModuleSpec_IsInitializing(spec);
         if (rc < 0) {
-            Py_DECREF(pkgname_or_unknown);
-            Py_DECREF(pkgpath);
-            return NULL;
+            goto done;
+        }
+        else if (rc > 0) {
+            if (is_possibly_shadowing) {
+                assert(origin);
+                // For non-stdlib modules, only mention the possibility of
+                // shadowing if the module is being initialized.
+                errmsg = PyUnicode_FromFormat(
+                    "cannot import name %R from %R "
+                    "(consider renaming %R if it has the same name "
+                    "as a library you intended to import)",
+                    name, mod_name_or_unknown, origin
+                );
+            }
+            else if (origin) {
+                errmsg = PyUnicode_FromFormat(
+                    "cannot import name %R from partially initialized module %R "
+                    "(most likely due to a circular import) (%S)",
+                    name, mod_name_or_unknown, origin
+                );
+            }
+            else {
+                errmsg = PyUnicode_FromFormat(
+                    "cannot import name %R from partially initialized module %R "
+                    "(most likely due to a circular import)",
+                    name, mod_name_or_unknown
+                );
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            assert(rc == 0);
+            if (origin) {
+                errmsg = PyUnicode_FromFormat(
+                    "cannot import name %R from %R (%S)",
+                    name, mod_name_or_unknown, origin
+                );
+            }
+            else {
+                errmsg = PyUnicode_FromFormat(
+                    "cannot import name %R from %R (unknown location)",
+                    name, mod_name_or_unknown
+                );
+            }
         }
-        const char *fmt =
-            rc ?
-            "cannot import name %R from partially initialized module %R "
-            "(most likely due to a circular import) (%S)" :
-            "cannot import name %R from %R (%S)";
-
-        errmsg = PyUnicode_FromFormat(fmt, name, pkgname_or_unknown, pkgpath);
     }
-    /* NULL checks for errmsg and pkgname done by PyErr_SetImportError. */
-    _PyErr_SetImportErrorWithNameFrom(errmsg, pkgname, pkgpath, name);
 
-    Py_XDECREF(errmsg);
-    Py_DECREF(pkgname_or_unknown);
-    Py_XDECREF(pkgpath);
+done_with_errmsg:
+    /* NULL checks for errmsg, mod_name, origin done by PyErr_SetImportError. */
+    _PyErr_SetImportErrorWithNameFrom(errmsg, mod_name, origin, name);
+    Py_DECREF(errmsg);
+
+done:
+    Py_XDECREF(origin);
+    Py_XDECREF(spec);
+    Py_DECREF(mod_name_or_unknown);
     return NULL;
 }
 
@@ -2843,11 +3013,11 @@ _PyEval_CheckExceptStarTypeValid(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject* right)
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int
-check_args_iterable(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *func, PyObject *args)
+int
+_Py_Check_ArgsIterable(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *func, PyObject *args)
 {
     if (Py_TYPE(args)->tp_iter == NULL && !PySequence_Check(args)) {
-        /* check_args_iterable() may be called with a live exception:
+        /* _Py_Check_ArgsIterable() may be called with a live exception:
          * clear it to prevent calling _PyObject_FunctionStr() with an
          * exception set. */
         _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
@@ -2997,3 +3167,137 @@ void Py_LeaveRecursiveCall(void)
 {
     _Py_LeaveRecursiveCall();
 }
+
+PyObject *
+_PyEval_GetANext(PyObject *aiter)
+{
+    unaryfunc getter = NULL;
+    PyObject *next_iter = NULL;
+    PyTypeObject *type = Py_TYPE(aiter);
+    if (PyAsyncGen_CheckExact(aiter)) {
+        return type->tp_as_async->am_anext(aiter);
+    }
+    if (type->tp_as_async != NULL){
+        getter = type->tp_as_async->am_anext;
+    }
+
+    if (getter != NULL) {
+        next_iter = (*getter)(aiter);
+        if (next_iter == NULL) {
+            return NULL;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "'async for' requires an iterator with "
+                        "__anext__ method, got %.100s",
+                        type->tp_name);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    PyObject *awaitable = _PyCoro_GetAwaitableIter(next_iter);
+    if (awaitable == NULL) {
+        _PyErr_FormatFromCause(
+            PyExc_TypeError,
+            "'async for' received an invalid object "
+            "from __anext__: %.100s",
+            Py_TYPE(next_iter)->tp_name);
+    }
+    Py_DECREF(next_iter);
+    return awaitable;
+}
+
+void
+_PyEval_LoadGlobalStackRef(PyObject *globals, PyObject *builtins, PyObject *name, _PyStackRef *writeto)
+{
+    if (PyDict_CheckExact(globals) && PyDict_CheckExact(builtins)) {
+        _PyDict_LoadGlobalStackRef((PyDictObject *)globals,
+                                    (PyDictObject *)builtins,
+                                    name, writeto);
+        if (PyStackRef_IsNull(*writeto) && !PyErr_Occurred()) {
+            /* _PyDict_LoadGlobal() returns NULL without raising
+                * an exception if the key doesn't exist */
+            _PyEval_FormatExcCheckArg(PyThreadState_GET(), PyExc_NameError,
+                                        NAME_ERROR_MSG, name);
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        /* Slow-path if globals or builtins is not a dict */
+        /* namespace 1: globals */
+        PyObject *res;
+        if (PyMapping_GetOptionalItem(globals, name, &res) < 0) {
+            *writeto = PyStackRef_NULL;
+            return;
+        }
+        if (res == NULL) {
+            /* namespace 2: builtins */
+            if (PyMapping_GetOptionalItem(builtins, name, &res) < 0) {
+                *writeto = PyStackRef_NULL;
+                return;
+            }
+            if (res == NULL) {
+                _PyEval_FormatExcCheckArg(
+                            PyThreadState_GET(), PyExc_NameError,
+                            NAME_ERROR_MSG, name);
+            }
+        }
+        *writeto = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res);
+    }
+}
+
+PyObject *
+_PyEval_GetAwaitable(PyObject *iterable, int oparg)
+{
+    PyObject *iter = _PyCoro_GetAwaitableIter(iterable);
+
+    if (iter == NULL) {
+        _PyEval_FormatAwaitableError(PyThreadState_GET(),
+            Py_TYPE(iterable), oparg);
+    }
+    else if (PyCoro_CheckExact(iter)) {
+        PyObject *yf = _PyGen_yf((PyGenObject*)iter);
+        if (yf != NULL) {
+            /* `iter` is a coroutine object that is being
+                awaited, `yf` is a pointer to the current awaitable
+                being awaited on. */
+            Py_DECREF(yf);
+            Py_CLEAR(iter);
+            _PyErr_SetString(PyThreadState_GET(), PyExc_RuntimeError,
+                                "coroutine is being awaited already");
+        }
+    }
+    return iter;
+}
+
+PyObject *
+_PyEval_LoadName(PyThreadState *tstate, _PyInterpreterFrame *frame, PyObject *name)
+{
+
+    PyObject *value;
+    if (frame->f_locals == NULL) {
+        _PyErr_SetString(tstate, PyExc_SystemError,
+                            "no locals found");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if (PyMapping_GetOptionalItem(frame->f_locals, name, &value) < 0) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if (value != NULL) {
+        return value;
+    }
+    if (PyDict_GetItemRef(frame->f_globals, name, &value) < 0) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if (value != NULL) {
+        return value;
+    }
+    if (PyMapping_GetOptionalItem(frame->f_builtins, name, &value) < 0) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if (value == NULL) {
+        _PyEval_FormatExcCheckArg(
+                    tstate, PyExc_NameError,
+                    NAME_ERROR_MSG, name);
+    }
+    return value;
+}
diff --git a/Python/ceval_gil.c b/Python/ceval_gil.c
index 5617504a495686..4c9f59f837e11b 100644
--- a/Python/ceval_gil.c
+++ b/Python/ceval_gil.c
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include "pycore_pylifecycle.h"   // _PyErr_Print()
 #include "pycore_pymem.h"         // _PyMem_IsPtrFreed()
 #include "pycore_pystats.h"       // _Py_PrintSpecializationStats()
+#include "pycore_pythread.h"      // PyThread_hang_thread()
 
 /*
    Notes about the implementation:
@@ -49,13 +50,6 @@
      (Note: this mechanism is enabled with FORCE_SWITCHING above)
 */
 
-// GH-89279: Force inlining by using a macro.
-#if defined(_MSC_VER) && SIZEOF_INT == 4
-#define _Py_atomic_load_relaxed_int32(ATOMIC_VAL) (assert(sizeof((ATOMIC_VAL)->_value) == 4), *((volatile int*)&((ATOMIC_VAL)->_value)))
-#else
-#define _Py_atomic_load_relaxed_int32(ATOMIC_VAL) _Py_atomic_load_relaxed(ATOMIC_VAL)
-#endif
-
 // Atomically copy the bits indicated by mask between two values.
 static inline void
 copy_eval_breaker_bits(uintptr_t *from, uintptr_t *to, uintptr_t mask)
@@ -284,10 +278,9 @@ drop_gil(PyInterpreterState *interp, PyThreadState *tstate, int final_release)
 /* Take the GIL.
 
    The function saves errno at entry and restores its value at exit.
+   It may hang rather than return if the interpreter has been finalized.
 
-   tstate must be non-NULL.
-
-   Returns 1 if the GIL was acquired, or 0 if not. */
+   tstate must be non-NULL. */
 static void
 take_gil(PyThreadState *tstate)
 {
@@ -300,12 +293,18 @@ take_gil(PyThreadState *tstate)
 
     if (_PyThreadState_MustExit(tstate)) {
         /* bpo-39877: If Py_Finalize() has been called and tstate is not the
-           thread which called Py_Finalize(), exit immediately the thread.
+           thread which called Py_Finalize(), this thread cannot continue.
 
            This code path can be reached by a daemon thread after Py_Finalize()
            completes. In this case, tstate is a dangling pointer: points to
-           PyThreadState freed memory. */
-        PyThread_exit_thread();
+           PyThreadState freed memory.
+
+           This used to call a *thread_exit API, but that was not safe as it
+           lacks stack unwinding and local variable destruction important to
+           C++. gh-87135: The best that can be done is to hang the thread as
+           the public APIs calling this have no error reporting mechanism (!).
+         */
+        PyThread_hang_thread();
     }
 
     assert(_PyThreadState_CheckConsistency(tstate));
@@ -349,7 +348,9 @@ take_gil(PyThreadState *tstate)
                 if (drop_requested) {
                     _Py_unset_eval_breaker_bit(holder_tstate, _PY_GIL_DROP_REQUEST_BIT);
                 }
-                PyThread_exit_thread();
+                // gh-87135: hang the thread as *thread_exit() is not a safe
+                // API. It lacks stack unwind and local variable destruction.
+                PyThread_hang_thread();
             }
             assert(_PyThreadState_CheckConsistency(tstate));
 
@@ -390,7 +391,7 @@ take_gil(PyThreadState *tstate)
 
     if (_PyThreadState_MustExit(tstate)) {
         /* bpo-36475: If Py_Finalize() has been called and tstate is not
-           the thread which called Py_Finalize(), exit immediately the
+           the thread which called Py_Finalize(), gh-87135: hang the
            thread.
 
            This code path can be reached by a daemon thread which was waiting
@@ -400,7 +401,7 @@ take_gil(PyThreadState *tstate)
         /* tstate could be a dangling pointer, so don't pass it to
            drop_gil(). */
         drop_gil(interp, NULL, 1);
-        PyThread_exit_thread();
+        PyThread_hang_thread();
     }
     assert(_PyThreadState_CheckConsistency(tstate));
 
@@ -901,6 +902,18 @@ unsignal_pending_calls(PyThreadState *tstate, PyInterpreterState *interp)
 #endif
 }
 
+static void
+clear_pending_handling_thread(struct _pending_calls *pending)
+{
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    PyMutex_Lock(&pending->mutex);
+    pending->handling_thread = NULL;
+    PyMutex_Unlock(&pending->mutex);
+#else
+    pending->handling_thread = NULL;
+#endif
+}
+
 static int
 make_pending_calls(PyThreadState *tstate)
 {
@@ -933,7 +946,7 @@ make_pending_calls(PyThreadState *tstate)
 
     int32_t npending;
     if (_make_pending_calls(pending, &npending) != 0) {
-        pending->handling_thread = NULL;
+        clear_pending_handling_thread(pending);
         /* There might not be more calls to make, but we play it safe. */
         signal_pending_calls(tstate, interp);
         return -1;
@@ -945,7 +958,7 @@ make_pending_calls(PyThreadState *tstate)
 
     if (_Py_IsMainThread() && _Py_IsMainInterpreter(interp)) {
         if (_make_pending_calls(pending_main, &npending) != 0) {
-            pending->handling_thread = NULL;
+            clear_pending_handling_thread(pending);
             /* There might not be more calls to make, but we play it safe. */
             signal_pending_calls(tstate, interp);
             return -1;
@@ -956,7 +969,7 @@ make_pending_calls(PyThreadState *tstate)
         }
     }
 
-    pending->handling_thread = NULL;
+    clear_pending_handling_thread(pending);
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -991,12 +1004,34 @@ _Py_FinishPendingCalls(PyThreadState *tstate)
     assert(PyGILState_Check());
     assert(_PyThreadState_CheckConsistency(tstate));
 
-    if (make_pending_calls(tstate) < 0) {
-        PyObject *exc = _PyErr_GetRaisedException(tstate);
-        PyErr_BadInternalCall();
-        _PyErr_ChainExceptions1(exc);
-        _PyErr_Print(tstate);
-    }
+    struct _pending_calls *pending = &tstate->interp->ceval.pending;
+    struct _pending_calls *pending_main =
+            _Py_IsMainThread() && _Py_IsMainInterpreter(tstate->interp)
+            ? &_PyRuntime.ceval.pending_mainthread
+            : NULL;
+    /* make_pending_calls() may return early without making all pending
+       calls, so we keep trying until we're actually done. */
+    int32_t npending;
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+    int32_t npending_prev = INT32_MAX;
+#endif
+    do {
+        if (make_pending_calls(tstate) < 0) {
+            PyObject *exc = _PyErr_GetRaisedException(tstate);
+            PyErr_BadInternalCall();
+            _PyErr_ChainExceptions1(exc);
+            _PyErr_Print(tstate);
+        }
+
+        npending = _Py_atomic_load_int32_relaxed(&pending->npending);
+        if (pending_main != NULL) {
+            npending += _Py_atomic_load_int32_relaxed(&pending_main->npending);
+        }
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+        assert(npending_prev > npending);
+        npending_prev = npending;
+#endif
+    } while (npending > 0);
 }
 
 int
@@ -1262,6 +1297,12 @@ _Py_HandlePending(PyThreadState *tstate)
         _Py_RunGC(tstate);
     }
 
+    if ((breaker & _PY_EVAL_JIT_INVALIDATE_COLD_BIT) != 0) {
+        _Py_unset_eval_breaker_bit(tstate, _PY_EVAL_JIT_INVALIDATE_COLD_BIT);
+        _Py_Executors_InvalidateCold(tstate->interp);
+        tstate->interp->trace_run_counter = JIT_CLEANUP_THRESHOLD;
+    }
+
     /* GIL drop request */
     if ((breaker & _PY_GIL_DROP_REQUEST_BIT) != 0) {
         /* Give another thread a chance */
diff --git a/Python/ceval_macros.h b/Python/ceval_macros.h
index 50941e4ec473e8..6674c4ccf9f693 100644
--- a/Python/ceval_macros.h
+++ b/Python/ceval_macros.h
@@ -108,6 +108,7 @@ do { \
 /* Do interpreter dispatch accounting for tracing and instrumentation */
 #define DISPATCH() \
     { \
+        assert(frame->stackpointer == NULL); \
         NEXTOPARG(); \
         PRE_DISPATCH_GOTO(); \
         DISPATCH_GOTO(); \
@@ -124,7 +125,7 @@ do { \
     do {                                                \
         assert(tstate->interp->eval_frame == NULL);     \
         _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer); \
-        (NEW_FRAME)->previous = frame;                  \
+        assert((NEW_FRAME)->previous == frame);         \
         frame = tstate->current_frame = (NEW_FRAME);     \
         CALL_STAT_INC(inlined_py_calls);                \
         goto start_frame;                               \
@@ -133,16 +134,6 @@ do { \
 // Use this instead of 'goto error' so Tier 2 can go to a different label
 #define GOTO_ERROR(LABEL) goto LABEL
 
-#define CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER() \
-    _Py_CHECK_EMSCRIPTEN_SIGNALS_PERIODICALLY(); \
-    QSBR_QUIESCENT_STATE(tstate); \
-    if (_Py_atomic_load_uintptr_relaxed(&tstate->eval_breaker) & _PY_EVAL_EVENTS_MASK) { \
-        if (_Py_HandlePending(tstate) != 0) { \
-            GOTO_ERROR(error); \
-        } \
-    }
-
-
 /* Tuple access macros */
 
 #ifndef Py_DEBUG
@@ -246,6 +237,8 @@ GETITEM(PyObject *v, Py_ssize_t i) {
 #define STACK_SHRINK(n)        BASIC_STACKADJ(-(n))
 #endif
 
+#define WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS() \
+   (frame == &entry_frame || (STACK_LEVEL() >= 0 && STACK_LEVEL() <= STACK_SIZE()))
 
 /* Data access macros */
 #define FRAME_CO_CONSTS (_PyFrame_GetCode(frame)->co_consts)
@@ -262,9 +255,9 @@ GETITEM(PyObject *v, Py_ssize_t i) {
    This is because it is possible that during the DECREF the frame is
    accessed by other code (e.g. a __del__ method or gc.collect()) and the
    variable would be pointing to already-freed memory. */
-#define SETLOCAL(i, value)      do { PyObject *tmp = GETLOCAL(i); \
+#define SETLOCAL(i, value)      do { _PyStackRef tmp = GETLOCAL(i); \
                                      GETLOCAL(i) = value; \
-                                     Py_XDECREF(tmp); } while (0)
+                                     PyStackRef_XCLOSE(tmp); } while (0)
 
 #define GO_TO_INSTRUCTION(op) goto PREDICT_ID(op)
 
@@ -314,17 +307,18 @@ GETITEM(PyObject *v, Py_ssize_t i) {
         /* gh-115999 tracks progress on addressing this. */ \
         static_assert(0, "The specializing interpreter is not yet thread-safe"); \
     } while (0);
+#define PAUSE_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(COUNTER) ((void)COUNTER)
 #else
 #define ADVANCE_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(COUNTER) \
     do { \
         (COUNTER) = advance_backoff_counter((COUNTER)); \
     } while (0);
-#endif
 
 #define PAUSE_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(COUNTER) \
     do { \
         (COUNTER) = pause_backoff_counter((COUNTER)); \
     } while (0);
+#endif
 
 #define UNBOUNDLOCAL_ERROR_MSG \
     "cannot access local variable '%s' where it is not associated with a value"
@@ -333,26 +327,6 @@ GETITEM(PyObject *v, Py_ssize_t i) {
     " in enclosing scope"
 #define NAME_ERROR_MSG "name '%.200s' is not defined"
 
-#define DECREF_INPUTS_AND_REUSE_FLOAT(left, right, dval, result) \
-do { \
-    if (Py_REFCNT(left) == 1) { \
-        ((PyFloatObject *)left)->ob_fval = (dval); \
-        _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(right, _PyFloat_ExactDealloc);\
-        result = (left); \
-    } \
-    else if (Py_REFCNT(right) == 1)  {\
-        ((PyFloatObject *)right)->ob_fval = (dval); \
-        _Py_DECREF_NO_DEALLOC(left); \
-        result = (right); \
-    }\
-    else { \
-        result = PyFloat_FromDouble(dval); \
-        if ((result) == NULL) GOTO_ERROR(error); \
-        _Py_DECREF_NO_DEALLOC(left); \
-        _Py_DECREF_NO_DEALLOC(right); \
-    } \
-} while (0)
-
 // If a trace function sets a new f_lineno and
 // *then* raises, we use the destination when searching
 // for an exception handler, displaying the traceback, and so on
@@ -372,13 +346,6 @@ do { \
 } while (0);
 
 
-// GH-89279: Force inlining by using a macro.
-#if defined(_MSC_VER) && SIZEOF_INT == 4
-#define _Py_atomic_load_relaxed_int32(ATOMIC_VAL) (assert(sizeof((ATOMIC_VAL)->_value) == 4), *((volatile int*)&((ATOMIC_VAL)->_value)))
-#else
-#define _Py_atomic_load_relaxed_int32(ATOMIC_VAL) _Py_atomic_load_relaxed(ATOMIC_VAL)
-#endif
-
 static inline int _Py_EnterRecursivePy(PyThreadState *tstate) {
     return (tstate->py_recursion_remaining-- <= 0) &&
         _Py_CheckRecursiveCallPy(tstate);
@@ -400,7 +367,10 @@ static inline void _Py_LeaveRecursiveCallPy(PyThreadState *tstate)  {
 /* There's no STORE_IP(), it's inlined by the code generator. */
 
 #define LOAD_SP() \
-stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame)
+
+#define SAVE_SP() \
+_PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer)
 
 /* Tier-switching macros. */
 
@@ -424,7 +394,7 @@ do {                                                   \
 do { \
     OPT_STAT_INC(traces_executed); \
     next_uop = (EXECUTOR)->trace; \
-    assert(next_uop->opcode == _START_EXECUTOR || next_uop->opcode == _COLD_EXIT); \
+    assert(next_uop->opcode == _START_EXECUTOR); \
     goto enter_tier_two; \
 } while (0)
 #endif
@@ -444,6 +414,36 @@ do { \
 #define JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET() goto jump_to_jump_target
 #define JUMP_TO_ERROR() goto jump_to_error_target
 #define GOTO_UNWIND() goto error_tier_two
-#define EXIT_TO_TRACE() goto exit_to_trace
 #define EXIT_TO_TIER1() goto exit_to_tier1
 #define EXIT_TO_TIER1_DYNAMIC() goto exit_to_tier1_dynamic;
+
+/* Stackref macros */
+
+/* How much scratch space to give stackref to PyObject* conversion. */
+#define MAX_STACKREF_SCRATCH 10
+
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+#define STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS(ARGS, ARG_COUNT, NAME) \
+    /* +1 because vectorcall might use -1 to write self */ \
+    PyObject *NAME##_temp[MAX_STACKREF_SCRATCH+1]; \
+    PyObject **NAME = _PyObjectArray_FromStackRefArray(ARGS, ARG_COUNT, NAME##_temp + 1);
+#else
+#define STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS(ARGS, ARG_COUNT, NAME) \
+    PyObject **NAME = (PyObject **)ARGS; \
+    assert(NAME != NULL);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+#define STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS_CLEANUP(NAME) \
+    /* +1 because we +1 previously */ \
+    _PyObjectArray_Free(NAME - 1, NAME##_temp);
+#else
+#define STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS_CLEANUP(NAME) \
+    (void)(NAME);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+#define CONVERSION_FAILED(NAME) ((NAME) == NULL)
+#else
+#define CONVERSION_FAILED(NAME) (0)
+#endif
diff --git a/Python/clinic/instrumentation.c.h b/Python/clinic/instrumentation.c.h
index 8dae747c44a543..9b3373bc1a67a5 100644
--- a/Python/clinic/instrumentation.c.h
+++ b/Python/clinic/instrumentation.c.h
@@ -36,6 +36,33 @@ monitoring_use_tool_id(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs
     return return_value;
 }
 
+PyDoc_STRVAR(monitoring_clear_tool_id__doc__,
+"clear_tool_id($module, tool_id, /)\n"
+"--\n"
+"\n");
+
+#define MONITORING_CLEAR_TOOL_ID_METHODDEF    \
+    {"clear_tool_id", (PyCFunction)monitoring_clear_tool_id, METH_O, monitoring_clear_tool_id__doc__},
+
+static PyObject *
+monitoring_clear_tool_id_impl(PyObject *module, int tool_id);
+
+static PyObject *
+monitoring_clear_tool_id(PyObject *module, PyObject *arg)
+{
+    PyObject *return_value = NULL;
+    int tool_id;
+
+    tool_id = PyLong_AsInt(arg);
+    if (tool_id == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    return_value = monitoring_clear_tool_id_impl(module, tool_id);
+
+exit:
+    return return_value;
+}
+
 PyDoc_STRVAR(monitoring_free_tool_id__doc__,
 "free_tool_id($module, tool_id, /)\n"
 "--\n"
@@ -304,4 +331,4 @@ monitoring__all_events(PyObject *module, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
     return monitoring__all_events_impl(module);
 }
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=14ffc0884a6de50a input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=8f81876c6aba9be8 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff --git a/Python/clinic/sysmodule.c.h b/Python/clinic/sysmodule.c.h
index 56a831eb2ea06e..8277d286cf51ef 100644
--- a/Python/clinic/sysmodule.c.h
+++ b/Python/clinic/sysmodule.c.h
@@ -968,24 +968,64 @@ sys_getallocatedblocks(PyObject *module, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 }
 
 PyDoc_STRVAR(sys_getunicodeinternedsize__doc__,
-"getunicodeinternedsize($module, /)\n"
+"getunicodeinternedsize($module, /, *, _only_immortal=False)\n"
 "--\n"
 "\n"
 "Return the number of elements of the unicode interned dictionary");
 
 #define SYS_GETUNICODEINTERNEDSIZE_METHODDEF    \
-    {"getunicodeinternedsize", (PyCFunction)sys_getunicodeinternedsize, METH_NOARGS, sys_getunicodeinternedsize__doc__},
+    {"getunicodeinternedsize", _PyCFunction_CAST(sys_getunicodeinternedsize), METH_FASTCALL|METH_KEYWORDS, sys_getunicodeinternedsize__doc__},
 
 static Py_ssize_t
-sys_getunicodeinternedsize_impl(PyObject *module);
+sys_getunicodeinternedsize_impl(PyObject *module, int _only_immortal);
 
 static PyObject *
-sys_getunicodeinternedsize(PyObject *module, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
+sys_getunicodeinternedsize(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObject *kwnames)
 {
     PyObject *return_value = NULL;
+    #if defined(Py_BUILD_CORE) && !defined(Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE)
+
+    #define NUM_KEYWORDS 1
+    static struct {
+        PyGC_Head _this_is_not_used;
+        PyObject_VAR_HEAD
+        PyObject *ob_item[NUM_KEYWORDS];
+    } _kwtuple = {
+        .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyTuple_Type, NUM_KEYWORDS)
+        .ob_item = { &_Py_ID(_only_immortal), },
+    };
+    #undef NUM_KEYWORDS
+    #define KWTUPLE (&_kwtuple.ob_base.ob_base)
+
+    #else  // !Py_BUILD_CORE
+    #  define KWTUPLE NULL
+    #endif  // !Py_BUILD_CORE
+
+    static const char * const _keywords[] = {"_only_immortal", NULL};
+    static _PyArg_Parser _parser = {
+        .keywords = _keywords,
+        .fname = "getunicodeinternedsize",
+        .kwtuple = KWTUPLE,
+    };
+    #undef KWTUPLE
+    PyObject *argsbuf[1];
+    Py_ssize_t noptargs = nargs + (kwnames ? PyTuple_GET_SIZE(kwnames) : 0) - 0;
+    int _only_immortal = 0;
     Py_ssize_t _return_value;
 
-    _return_value = sys_getunicodeinternedsize_impl(module);
+    args = _PyArg_UnpackKeywords(args, nargs, NULL, kwnames, &_parser, 0, 0, 0, argsbuf);
+    if (!args) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!noptargs) {
+        goto skip_optional_kwonly;
+    }
+    _only_immortal = PyObject_IsTrue(args[0]);
+    if (_only_immortal < 0) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+skip_optional_kwonly:
+    _return_value = sys_getunicodeinternedsize_impl(module, _only_immortal);
     if ((_return_value == -1) && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
@@ -1574,4 +1614,4 @@ sys__is_gil_enabled(PyObject *module, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 #ifndef SYS_GETANDROIDAPILEVEL_METHODDEF
     #define SYS_GETANDROIDAPILEVEL_METHODDEF
 #endif /* !defined(SYS_GETANDROIDAPILEVEL_METHODDEF) */
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=ef7c35945443d300 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=9cc9069aef1482bc input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff --git a/Python/codecs.c b/Python/codecs.c
index bed245366f9234..2cb3875db35058 100644
--- a/Python/codecs.c
+++ b/Python/codecs.c
@@ -16,6 +16,12 @@ Copyright (c) Corporation for National Research Initiatives.
 #include "pycore_pystate.h"       // _PyInterpreterState_GET()
 #include "pycore_ucnhash.h"       // _PyUnicode_Name_CAPI
 
+static const char *codecs_builtin_error_handlers[] = {
+    "strict", "ignore", "replace",
+    "xmlcharrefreplace", "backslashreplace", "namereplace",
+    "surrogatepass", "surrogateescape",
+};
+
 const char *Py_hexdigits = "0123456789abcdef";
 
 /* --- Codec Registry ----------------------------------------------------- */
@@ -147,7 +153,9 @@ PyObject *_PyCodec_Lookup(const char *encoding)
     if (v == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
-    PyUnicode_InternInPlace(&v);
+
+    /* Intern the string. We'll make it immortal later if lookup succeeds. */
+    _PyUnicode_InternMortal(interp, &v);
 
     /* First, try to lookup the name in the registry dictionary */
     PyObject *result;
@@ -200,6 +208,8 @@ PyObject *_PyCodec_Lookup(const char *encoding)
         goto onError;
     }
 
+    _PyUnicode_InternImmortal(interp, &v);
+
     /* Cache and return the result */
     if (PyDict_SetItem(interp->codecs.search_cache, v, result) < 0) {
         Py_DECREF(result);
@@ -614,6 +624,20 @@ int PyCodec_RegisterError(const char *name, PyObject *error)
                                 name, error);
 }
 
+int _PyCodec_UnregisterError(const char *name)
+{
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < Py_ARRAY_LENGTH(codecs_builtin_error_handlers); ++i) {
+        if (strcmp(name, codecs_builtin_error_handlers[i]) == 0) {
+            PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
+                         "cannot un-register built-in error handler '%s'", name);
+            return -1;
+        }
+    }
+    PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
+    assert(interp->codecs.initialized);
+    return PyDict_PopString(interp->codecs.error_registry, name, NULL);
+}
+
 /* Lookup the error handling callback function registered under the
    name error. As a special case NULL can be passed, in which case
    the error handling callback for strict encoding will be returned. */
@@ -672,7 +696,7 @@ PyObject *PyCodec_IgnoreErrors(PyObject *exc)
         wrong_exception_type(exc);
         return NULL;
     }
-    return Py_BuildValue("(Nn)", PyUnicode_New(0, 0), end);
+    return Py_BuildValue("(Nn)", Py_GetConstant(Py_CONSTANT_EMPTY_STR), end);
 }
 
 
@@ -1466,6 +1490,8 @@ _PyCodec_InitRegistry(PyInterpreterState *interp)
             }
         }
     };
+    // ensure that the built-in error handlers' names are kept in sync
+    assert(Py_ARRAY_LENGTH(methods) == Py_ARRAY_LENGTH(codecs_builtin_error_handlers));
 
     assert(interp->codecs.initialized == 0);
     interp->codecs.search_path = PyList_New(0);
diff --git a/Python/codegen.c b/Python/codegen.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..bfacc6f0c55593
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/codegen.c
@@ -0,0 +1,6164 @@
+/*
+ * This file implements the compiler's code generation stage, which
+ * produces a sequence of pseudo-instructions from an AST.
+ *
+ * The primary entry point is _PyCodegen_Body() for modules, and
+ * _PyCodegen_Expression() for expressions.
+ *
+ * CAUTION: The VISIT_* macros abort the current function when they
+ * encounter a problem. So don't invoke them when there is memory
+ * which needs to be released. Code blocks are OK, as the compiler
+ * structure takes care of releasing those.  Use the arena to manage
+ * objects.
+ */
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+
+#include "Python.h"
+#include "opcode.h"
+#include "pycore_ast.h"           // _PyAST_GetDocString()
+#define NEED_OPCODE_TABLES
+#include "pycore_opcode_utils.h"
+#undef NEED_OPCODE_TABLES
+#include "pycore_compile.h"
+#include "pycore_instruction_sequence.h" // _PyInstructionSequence_NewLabel()
+#include "pycore_intrinsics.h"
+#include "pycore_long.h"          // _PyLong_GetZero()
+#include "pycore_pystate.h"       // _Py_GetConfig()
+#include "pycore_symtable.h"      // PySTEntryObject
+
+#define NEED_OPCODE_METADATA
+#include "pycore_opcode_metadata.h" // _PyOpcode_opcode_metadata, _PyOpcode_num_popped/pushed
+#undef NEED_OPCODE_METADATA
+
+#define COMP_GENEXP   0
+#define COMP_LISTCOMP 1
+#define COMP_SETCOMP  2
+#define COMP_DICTCOMP 3
+
+/* A soft limit for stack use, to avoid excessive
+ * memory use for large constants, etc.
+ *
+ * The value 30 is plucked out of thin air.
+ * Code that could use more stack than this is
+ * rare, so the exact value is unimportant.
+ */
+#define STACK_USE_GUIDELINE 30
+
+#undef SUCCESS
+#undef ERROR
+#define SUCCESS 0
+#define ERROR -1
+
+#define RETURN_IF_ERROR(X)  \
+    if ((X) == -1) {        \
+        return ERROR;       \
+    }
+
+#define RETURN_IF_ERROR_IN_SCOPE(C, CALL) { \
+    if ((CALL) < 0) { \
+        _PyCompile_ExitScope((C)); \
+        return ERROR; \
+    } \
+}
+
+struct _PyCompiler;
+typedef struct _PyCompiler compiler;
+
+#define INSTR_SEQUENCE(C) _PyCompile_InstrSequence(C)
+#define FUTURE_FEATURES(C) _PyCompile_FutureFeatures(C)
+#define SYMTABLE(C) _PyCompile_Symtable(C)
+#define SYMTABLE_ENTRY(C) _PyCompile_SymtableEntry(C)
+#define OPTIMIZATION_LEVEL(C) _PyCompile_OptimizationLevel(C)
+#define IS_INTERACTIVE_TOP_LEVEL(C) _PyCompile_IsInteractiveTopLevel(C)
+#define SCOPE_TYPE(C) _PyCompile_ScopeType(C)
+#define QUALNAME(C) _PyCompile_Qualname(C)
+#define METADATA(C) _PyCompile_Metadata(C)
+
+typedef _PyInstruction instruction;
+typedef _PyInstructionSequence instr_sequence;
+typedef _Py_SourceLocation location;
+typedef _PyJumpTargetLabel jump_target_label;
+
+typedef _PyCompile_FBlockInfo fblockinfo;
+
+#define LOCATION(LNO, END_LNO, COL, END_COL) \
+    ((const _Py_SourceLocation){(LNO), (END_LNO), (COL), (END_COL)})
+
+#define LOC(x) SRC_LOCATION_FROM_AST(x)
+
+#define NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(C, NAME) \
+    jump_target_label NAME = _PyInstructionSequence_NewLabel(INSTR_SEQUENCE(C)); \
+    if (!IS_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(NAME)) { \
+        return ERROR; \
+    }
+
+#define USE_LABEL(C, LBL) \
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(_PyInstructionSequence_UseLabel(INSTR_SEQUENCE(C), (LBL).id))
+
+static const int compare_masks[] = {
+    [Py_LT] = COMPARISON_LESS_THAN,
+    [Py_LE] = COMPARISON_LESS_THAN | COMPARISON_EQUALS,
+    [Py_EQ] = COMPARISON_EQUALS,
+    [Py_NE] = COMPARISON_NOT_EQUALS,
+    [Py_GT] = COMPARISON_GREATER_THAN,
+    [Py_GE] = COMPARISON_GREATER_THAN | COMPARISON_EQUALS,
+};
+
+/*
+ * Resize the array if index is out of range.
+ *
+ * idx: the index we want to access
+ * arr: pointer to the array
+ * alloc: pointer to the capacity of the array
+ * default_alloc: initial number of items
+ * item_size: size of each item
+ *
+ */
+int
+_PyCompile_EnsureArrayLargeEnough(int idx, void **array, int *alloc,
+                                  int default_alloc, size_t item_size)
+{
+    void *arr = *array;
+    if (arr == NULL) {
+        int new_alloc = default_alloc;
+        if (idx >= new_alloc) {
+            new_alloc = idx + default_alloc;
+        }
+        arr = PyMem_Calloc(new_alloc, item_size);
+        if (arr == NULL) {
+            PyErr_NoMemory();
+            return ERROR;
+        }
+        *alloc = new_alloc;
+    }
+    else if (idx >= *alloc) {
+        size_t oldsize = *alloc * item_size;
+        int new_alloc = *alloc << 1;
+        if (idx >= new_alloc) {
+            new_alloc = idx + default_alloc;
+        }
+        size_t newsize = new_alloc * item_size;
+
+        if (oldsize > (SIZE_MAX >> 1)) {
+            PyErr_NoMemory();
+            return ERROR;
+        }
+
+        assert(newsize > 0);
+        void *tmp = PyMem_Realloc(arr, newsize);
+        if (tmp == NULL) {
+            PyErr_NoMemory();
+            return ERROR;
+        }
+        *alloc = new_alloc;
+        arr = tmp;
+        memset((char *)arr + oldsize, 0, newsize - oldsize);
+    }
+
+    *array = arr;
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+
+typedef struct {
+    // A list of strings corresponding to name captures. It is used to track:
+    // - Repeated name assignments in the same pattern.
+    // - Different name assignments in alternatives.
+    // - The order of name assignments in alternatives.
+    PyObject *stores;
+    // If 0, any name captures against our subject will raise.
+    int allow_irrefutable;
+    // An array of blocks to jump to on failure. Jumping to fail_pop[i] will pop
+    // i items off of the stack. The end result looks like this (with each block
+    // falling through to the next):
+    // fail_pop[4]: POP_TOP
+    // fail_pop[3]: POP_TOP
+    // fail_pop[2]: POP_TOP
+    // fail_pop[1]: POP_TOP
+    // fail_pop[0]: NOP
+    jump_target_label *fail_pop;
+    // The current length of fail_pop.
+    Py_ssize_t fail_pop_size;
+    // The number of items on top of the stack that need to *stay* on top of the
+    // stack. Variable captures go beneath these. All of them will be popped on
+    // failure.
+    Py_ssize_t on_top;
+} pattern_context;
+
+static int codegen_nameop(compiler *, location, identifier, expr_context_ty);
+
+static int codegen_visit_stmt(compiler *, stmt_ty);
+static int codegen_visit_keyword(compiler *, keyword_ty);
+static int codegen_visit_expr(compiler *, expr_ty);
+static int codegen_augassign(compiler *, stmt_ty);
+static int codegen_annassign(compiler *, stmt_ty);
+static int codegen_subscript(compiler *, expr_ty);
+static int codegen_slice_two_parts(compiler *, expr_ty);
+static int codegen_slice(compiler *, expr_ty);
+
+static bool are_all_items_const(asdl_expr_seq *, Py_ssize_t, Py_ssize_t);
+
+
+static int codegen_with(compiler *, stmt_ty, int);
+static int codegen_async_with(compiler *, stmt_ty, int);
+static int codegen_async_for(compiler *, stmt_ty);
+static int codegen_call_simple_kw_helper(compiler *c,
+                                         location loc,
+                                         asdl_keyword_seq *keywords,
+                                         Py_ssize_t nkwelts);
+static int codegen_call_helper_impl(compiler *c, location loc,
+                                    int n, /* Args already pushed */
+                                    asdl_expr_seq *args,
+                                    PyObject *injected_arg,
+                                    asdl_keyword_seq *keywords);
+static int codegen_call_helper(compiler *c, location loc,
+                               int n, asdl_expr_seq *args,
+                               asdl_keyword_seq *keywords);
+static int codegen_try_except(compiler *, stmt_ty);
+static int codegen_try_star_except(compiler *, stmt_ty);
+
+static int codegen_sync_comprehension_generator(
+                                      compiler *c, location loc,
+                                      asdl_comprehension_seq *generators, int gen_index,
+                                      int depth,
+                                      expr_ty elt, expr_ty val, int type,
+                                      int iter_on_stack);
+
+static int codegen_async_comprehension_generator(
+                                      compiler *c, location loc,
+                                      asdl_comprehension_seq *generators, int gen_index,
+                                      int depth,
+                                      expr_ty elt, expr_ty val, int type,
+                                      int iter_on_stack);
+
+static int codegen_pattern(compiler *, pattern_ty, pattern_context *);
+static int codegen_match(compiler *, stmt_ty);
+static int codegen_pattern_subpattern(compiler *,
+                                      pattern_ty, pattern_context *);
+static int codegen_make_closure(compiler *c, location loc,
+                                PyCodeObject *co, Py_ssize_t flags);
+
+
+/* Add an opcode with an integer argument */
+static int
+codegen_addop_i(instr_sequence *seq, int opcode, Py_ssize_t oparg, location loc)
+{
+    /* oparg value is unsigned, but a signed C int is usually used to store
+       it in the C code (like Python/ceval.c).
+
+       Limit to 32-bit signed C int (rather than INT_MAX) for portability.
+
+       The argument of a concrete bytecode instruction is limited to 8-bit.
+       EXTENDED_ARG is used for 16, 24, and 32-bit arguments. */
+
+    int oparg_ = Py_SAFE_DOWNCAST(oparg, Py_ssize_t, int);
+    assert(!IS_ASSEMBLER_OPCODE(opcode));
+    return _PyInstructionSequence_Addop(seq, opcode, oparg_, loc);
+}
+
+#define ADDOP_I(C, LOC, OP, O) \
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_addop_i(INSTR_SEQUENCE(C), (OP), (O), (LOC)))
+
+#define ADDOP_I_IN_SCOPE(C, LOC, OP, O) \
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR_IN_SCOPE(C, codegen_addop_i(INSTR_SEQUENCE(C), (OP), (O), (LOC)));
+
+static int
+codegen_addop_noarg(instr_sequence *seq, int opcode, location loc)
+{
+    assert(!OPCODE_HAS_ARG(opcode));
+    assert(!IS_ASSEMBLER_OPCODE(opcode));
+    return _PyInstructionSequence_Addop(seq, opcode, 0, loc);
+}
+
+#define ADDOP(C, LOC, OP) \
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_addop_noarg(INSTR_SEQUENCE(C), (OP), (LOC)))
+
+#define ADDOP_IN_SCOPE(C, LOC, OP) \
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR_IN_SCOPE((C), codegen_addop_noarg(INSTR_SEQUENCE(C), (OP), (LOC)))
+
+static int
+codegen_addop_load_const(compiler *c, location loc, PyObject *o)
+{
+    Py_ssize_t arg = _PyCompile_AddConst(c, o);
+    if (arg < 0) {
+        return ERROR;
+    }
+    ADDOP_I(c, loc, LOAD_CONST, arg);
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+#define ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(C, LOC, O) \
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_addop_load_const((C), (LOC), (O)))
+
+#define ADDOP_LOAD_CONST_IN_SCOPE(C, LOC, O) \
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR_IN_SCOPE((C), codegen_addop_load_const((C), (LOC), (O)))
+
+/* Same as ADDOP_LOAD_CONST, but steals a reference. */
+#define ADDOP_LOAD_CONST_NEW(C, LOC, O) { \
+    PyObject *__new_const = (O); \
+    if (__new_const == NULL) { \
+        return ERROR; \
+    } \
+    if (codegen_addop_load_const((C), (LOC), __new_const) < 0) { \
+        Py_DECREF(__new_const); \
+        return ERROR; \
+    } \
+    Py_DECREF(__new_const); \
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_addop_o(compiler *c, location loc,
+                int opcode, PyObject *dict, PyObject *o)
+{
+    Py_ssize_t arg = _PyCompile_DictAddObj(dict, o);
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(arg);
+    ADDOP_I(c, loc, opcode, arg);
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+#define ADDOP_N(C, LOC, OP, O, TYPE) { \
+    assert(!OPCODE_HAS_CONST(OP)); /* use ADDOP_LOAD_CONST_NEW */ \
+    int ret = codegen_addop_o((C), (LOC), (OP), METADATA(C)->u_ ## TYPE, (O)); \
+    Py_DECREF((O)); \
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(ret); \
+}
+
+#define ADDOP_N_IN_SCOPE(C, LOC, OP, O, TYPE) { \
+    assert(!OPCODE_HAS_CONST(OP)); /* use ADDOP_LOAD_CONST_NEW */ \
+    int ret = codegen_addop_o((C), (LOC), (OP), METADATA(C)->u_ ## TYPE, (O)); \
+    Py_DECREF((O)); \
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR_IN_SCOPE((C), ret); \
+}
+
+#define LOAD_METHOD -1
+#define LOAD_SUPER_METHOD -2
+#define LOAD_ZERO_SUPER_ATTR -3
+#define LOAD_ZERO_SUPER_METHOD -4
+
+static int
+codegen_addop_name(compiler *c, location loc,
+                   int opcode, PyObject *dict, PyObject *o)
+{
+    PyObject *mangled = _PyCompile_MaybeMangle(c, o);
+    if (!mangled) {
+        return ERROR;
+    }
+    Py_ssize_t arg = _PyCompile_DictAddObj(dict, mangled);
+    Py_DECREF(mangled);
+    if (arg < 0) {
+        return ERROR;
+    }
+    if (opcode == LOAD_ATTR) {
+        arg <<= 1;
+    }
+    if (opcode == LOAD_METHOD) {
+        opcode = LOAD_ATTR;
+        arg <<= 1;
+        arg |= 1;
+    }
+    if (opcode == LOAD_SUPER_ATTR) {
+        arg <<= 2;
+        arg |= 2;
+    }
+    if (opcode == LOAD_SUPER_METHOD) {
+        opcode = LOAD_SUPER_ATTR;
+        arg <<= 2;
+        arg |= 3;
+    }
+    if (opcode == LOAD_ZERO_SUPER_ATTR) {
+        opcode = LOAD_SUPER_ATTR;
+        arg <<= 2;
+    }
+    if (opcode == LOAD_ZERO_SUPER_METHOD) {
+        opcode = LOAD_SUPER_ATTR;
+        arg <<= 2;
+        arg |= 1;
+    }
+    ADDOP_I(c, loc, opcode, arg);
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+#define ADDOP_NAME(C, LOC, OP, O, TYPE) \
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_addop_name((C), (LOC), (OP), METADATA(C)->u_ ## TYPE, (O)))
+
+static int
+codegen_addop_j(instr_sequence *seq, location loc,
+                int opcode, jump_target_label target)
+{
+    assert(IS_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(target));
+    assert(OPCODE_HAS_JUMP(opcode) || IS_BLOCK_PUSH_OPCODE(opcode));
+    assert(!IS_ASSEMBLER_OPCODE(opcode));
+    return _PyInstructionSequence_Addop(seq, opcode, target.id, loc);
+}
+
+#define ADDOP_JUMP(C, LOC, OP, O) \
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_addop_j(INSTR_SEQUENCE(C), (LOC), (OP), (O)))
+
+#define ADDOP_COMPARE(C, LOC, CMP) \
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_addcompare((C), (LOC), (cmpop_ty)(CMP)))
+
+#define ADDOP_BINARY(C, LOC, BINOP) \
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(addop_binary((C), (LOC), (BINOP), false))
+
+#define ADDOP_INPLACE(C, LOC, BINOP) \
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(addop_binary((C), (LOC), (BINOP), true))
+
+#define ADD_YIELD_FROM(C, LOC, await) \
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_add_yield_from((C), (LOC), (await)))
+
+#define POP_EXCEPT_AND_RERAISE(C, LOC) \
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_pop_except_and_reraise((C), (LOC)))
+
+#define ADDOP_YIELD(C, LOC) \
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_addop_yield((C), (LOC)))
+
+/* VISIT and VISIT_SEQ takes an ASDL type as their second argument.  They use
+   the ASDL name to synthesize the name of the C type and the visit function.
+*/
+
+#define VISIT(C, TYPE, V) \
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_visit_ ## TYPE((C), (V)));
+
+#define VISIT_IN_SCOPE(C, TYPE, V) \
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR_IN_SCOPE((C), codegen_visit_ ## TYPE((C), (V)))
+
+#define VISIT_SEQ(C, TYPE, SEQ) { \
+    int _i; \
+    asdl_ ## TYPE ## _seq *seq = (SEQ); /* avoid variable capture */ \
+    for (_i = 0; _i < asdl_seq_LEN(seq); _i++) { \
+        TYPE ## _ty elt = (TYPE ## _ty)asdl_seq_GET(seq, _i); \
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_visit_ ## TYPE((C), elt)); \
+    } \
+}
+
+#define VISIT_SEQ_IN_SCOPE(C, TYPE, SEQ) { \
+    int _i; \
+    asdl_ ## TYPE ## _seq *seq = (SEQ); /* avoid variable capture */ \
+    for (_i = 0; _i < asdl_seq_LEN(seq); _i++) { \
+        TYPE ## _ty elt = (TYPE ## _ty)asdl_seq_GET(seq, _i); \
+        if (codegen_visit_ ## TYPE((C), elt) < 0) { \
+            _PyCompile_ExitScope(C); \
+            return ERROR; \
+        } \
+    } \
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_call_exit_with_nones(compiler *c, location loc)
+{
+    ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, loc, Py_None);
+    ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, loc, Py_None);
+    ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, loc, Py_None);
+    ADDOP_I(c, loc, CALL, 3);
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_add_yield_from(compiler *c, location loc, int await)
+{
+    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, send);
+    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, fail);
+    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, exit);
+
+    USE_LABEL(c, send);
+    ADDOP_JUMP(c, loc, SEND, exit);
+    // Set up a virtual try/except to handle when StopIteration is raised during
+    // a close or throw call. The only way YIELD_VALUE raises if they do!
+    ADDOP_JUMP(c, loc, SETUP_FINALLY, fail);
+    ADDOP_I(c, loc, YIELD_VALUE, 1);
+    ADDOP(c, NO_LOCATION, POP_BLOCK);
+    ADDOP_I(c, loc, RESUME, await ? RESUME_AFTER_AWAIT : RESUME_AFTER_YIELD_FROM);
+    ADDOP_JUMP(c, loc, JUMP_NO_INTERRUPT, send);
+
+    USE_LABEL(c, fail);
+    ADDOP(c, loc, CLEANUP_THROW);
+
+    USE_LABEL(c, exit);
+    ADDOP(c, loc, END_SEND);
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_pop_except_and_reraise(compiler *c, location loc)
+{
+    /* Stack contents
+     * [exc_info, lasti, exc]            COPY        3
+     * [exc_info, lasti, exc, exc_info]  POP_EXCEPT
+     * [exc_info, lasti, exc]            RERAISE      1
+     * (exception_unwind clears the stack)
+     */
+
+    ADDOP_I(c, loc, COPY, 3);
+    ADDOP(c, loc, POP_EXCEPT);
+    ADDOP_I(c, loc, RERAISE, 1);
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+/* Unwind a frame block.  If preserve_tos is true, the TOS before
+ * popping the blocks will be restored afterwards, unless another
+ * return, break or continue is found. In which case, the TOS will
+ * be popped.
+ */
+static int
+codegen_unwind_fblock(compiler *c, location *ploc,
+                      fblockinfo *info, int preserve_tos)
+{
+    switch (info->fb_type) {
+        case COMPILE_FBLOCK_WHILE_LOOP:
+        case COMPILE_FBLOCK_EXCEPTION_HANDLER:
+        case COMPILE_FBLOCK_EXCEPTION_GROUP_HANDLER:
+        case COMPILE_FBLOCK_ASYNC_COMPREHENSION_GENERATOR:
+        case COMPILE_FBLOCK_STOP_ITERATION:
+            return SUCCESS;
+
+        case COMPILE_FBLOCK_FOR_LOOP:
+            /* Pop the iterator */
+            if (preserve_tos) {
+                ADDOP_I(c, *ploc, SWAP, 2);
+            }
+            ADDOP(c, *ploc, POP_TOP);
+            return SUCCESS;
+
+        case COMPILE_FBLOCK_TRY_EXCEPT:
+            ADDOP(c, *ploc, POP_BLOCK);
+            return SUCCESS;
+
+        case COMPILE_FBLOCK_FINALLY_TRY:
+            /* This POP_BLOCK gets the line number of the unwinding statement */
+            ADDOP(c, *ploc, POP_BLOCK);
+            if (preserve_tos) {
+                RETURN_IF_ERROR(
+                    _PyCompile_PushFBlock(c, *ploc, COMPILE_FBLOCK_POP_VALUE,
+                                          NO_LABEL, NO_LABEL, NULL));
+            }
+            /* Emit the finally block */
+            VISIT_SEQ(c, stmt, info->fb_datum);
+            if (preserve_tos) {
+                _PyCompile_PopFBlock(c, COMPILE_FBLOCK_POP_VALUE, NO_LABEL);
+            }
+            /* The finally block should appear to execute after the
+             * statement causing the unwinding, so make the unwinding
+             * instruction artificial */
+            *ploc = NO_LOCATION;
+            return SUCCESS;
+
+        case COMPILE_FBLOCK_FINALLY_END:
+            if (preserve_tos) {
+                ADDOP_I(c, *ploc, SWAP, 2);
+            }
+            ADDOP(c, *ploc, POP_TOP); /* exc_value */
+            if (preserve_tos) {
+                ADDOP_I(c, *ploc, SWAP, 2);
+            }
+            ADDOP(c, *ploc, POP_BLOCK);
+            ADDOP(c, *ploc, POP_EXCEPT);
+            return SUCCESS;
+
+        case COMPILE_FBLOCK_WITH:
+        case COMPILE_FBLOCK_ASYNC_WITH:
+            *ploc = info->fb_loc;
+            ADDOP(c, *ploc, POP_BLOCK);
+            if (preserve_tos) {
+                ADDOP_I(c, *ploc, SWAP, 3);
+                ADDOP_I(c, *ploc, SWAP, 2);
+            }
+            RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_call_exit_with_nones(c, *ploc));
+            if (info->fb_type == COMPILE_FBLOCK_ASYNC_WITH) {
+                ADDOP_I(c, *ploc, GET_AWAITABLE, 2);
+                ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, *ploc, Py_None);
+                ADD_YIELD_FROM(c, *ploc, 1);
+            }
+            ADDOP(c, *ploc, POP_TOP);
+            /* The exit block should appear to execute after the
+             * statement causing the unwinding, so make the unwinding
+             * instruction artificial */
+            *ploc = NO_LOCATION;
+            return SUCCESS;
+
+        case COMPILE_FBLOCK_HANDLER_CLEANUP: {
+            if (info->fb_datum) {
+                ADDOP(c, *ploc, POP_BLOCK);
+            }
+            if (preserve_tos) {
+                ADDOP_I(c, *ploc, SWAP, 2);
+            }
+            ADDOP(c, *ploc, POP_BLOCK);
+            ADDOP(c, *ploc, POP_EXCEPT);
+            if (info->fb_datum) {
+                ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, *ploc, Py_None);
+                RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_nameop(c, *ploc, info->fb_datum, Store));
+                RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_nameop(c, *ploc, info->fb_datum, Del));
+            }
+            return SUCCESS;
+        }
+        case COMPILE_FBLOCK_POP_VALUE: {
+            if (preserve_tos) {
+                ADDOP_I(c, *ploc, SWAP, 2);
+            }
+            ADDOP(c, *ploc, POP_TOP);
+            return SUCCESS;
+        }
+    }
+    Py_UNREACHABLE();
+}
+
+/** Unwind block stack. If loop is not NULL, then stop when the first loop is encountered. */
+static int
+codegen_unwind_fblock_stack(compiler *c, location *ploc,
+                            int preserve_tos, fblockinfo **loop)
+{
+    fblockinfo *top = _PyCompile_TopFBlock(c);
+    if (top == NULL) {
+        return SUCCESS;
+    }
+    if (top->fb_type == COMPILE_FBLOCK_EXCEPTION_GROUP_HANDLER) {
+        return _PyCompile_Error(
+            c, *ploc, "'break', 'continue' and 'return' cannot appear in an except* block");
+    }
+    if (loop != NULL && (top->fb_type == COMPILE_FBLOCK_WHILE_LOOP ||
+                         top->fb_type == COMPILE_FBLOCK_FOR_LOOP)) {
+        *loop = top;
+        return SUCCESS;
+    }
+    fblockinfo copy = *top;
+    _PyCompile_PopFBlock(c, top->fb_type, top->fb_block);
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_unwind_fblock(c, ploc, &copy, preserve_tos));
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_unwind_fblock_stack(c, ploc, preserve_tos, loop));
+    _PyCompile_PushFBlock(c, copy.fb_loc, copy.fb_type, copy.fb_block,
+                          copy.fb_exit, copy.fb_datum);
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_enter_scope(compiler *c, identifier name, int scope_type,
+                    void *key, int lineno, PyObject *private,
+                    _PyCompile_CodeUnitMetadata *umd)
+{
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(
+        _PyCompile_EnterScope(c, name, scope_type, key, lineno, private, umd));
+    location loc = LOCATION(lineno, lineno, 0, 0);
+    if (scope_type == COMPILE_SCOPE_MODULE) {
+        loc.lineno = 0;
+    }
+    ADDOP_I(c, loc, RESUME, RESUME_AT_FUNC_START);
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_setup_annotations_scope(compiler *c, location loc,
+                                void *key, PyObject *name)
+{
+    _PyCompile_CodeUnitMetadata umd = {
+        .u_posonlyargcount = 1,
+    };
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(
+        codegen_enter_scope(c, name, COMPILE_SCOPE_ANNOTATIONS,
+                            key, loc.lineno, NULL, &umd));
+
+    // if .format != 1: raise NotImplementedError
+    _Py_DECLARE_STR(format, ".format");
+    ADDOP_I(c, loc, LOAD_FAST, 0);
+    ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, loc, _PyLong_GetOne());
+    ADDOP_I(c, loc, COMPARE_OP, (Py_NE << 5) | compare_masks[Py_NE]);
+    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, body);
+    ADDOP_JUMP(c, loc, POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE, body);
+    ADDOP_I(c, loc, LOAD_COMMON_CONSTANT, CONSTANT_NOTIMPLEMENTEDERROR);
+    ADDOP_I(c, loc, RAISE_VARARGS, 1);
+    USE_LABEL(c, body);
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_leave_annotations_scope(compiler *c, location loc,
+                                Py_ssize_t annotations_len)
+{
+    ADDOP_I(c, loc, BUILD_MAP, annotations_len);
+    ADDOP_IN_SCOPE(c, loc, RETURN_VALUE);
+    PyCodeObject *co = _PyCompile_OptimizeAndAssemble(c, 1);
+    _PyCompile_ExitScope(c);
+    if (co == NULL) {
+        return ERROR;
+    }
+    int ret = codegen_make_closure(c, loc, co, 0);
+    Py_DECREF(co);
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(ret);
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_process_deferred_annotations(compiler *c, location loc)
+{
+    PyObject *deferred_anno = _PyCompile_DeferredAnnotations(c);
+    if (deferred_anno == NULL) {
+        return SUCCESS;
+    }
+    Py_INCREF(deferred_anno);
+
+    // It's possible that ste_annotations_block is set but
+    // u_deferred_annotations is not, because the former is still
+    // set if there are only non-simple annotations (i.e., annotations
+    // for attributes, subscripts, or parenthesized names). However, the
+    // reverse should not be possible.
+    PySTEntryObject *ste = SYMTABLE_ENTRY(c);
+    assert(ste->ste_annotation_block != NULL);
+    void *key = (void *)((uintptr_t)ste->ste_id + 1);
+    if (codegen_setup_annotations_scope(c, loc, key,
+                                        ste->ste_annotation_block->ste_name) < 0) {
+        Py_DECREF(deferred_anno);
+        return ERROR;
+    }
+    Py_ssize_t annotations_len = PyList_Size(deferred_anno);
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < annotations_len; i++) {
+        PyObject *ptr = PyList_GET_ITEM(deferred_anno, i);
+        stmt_ty st = (stmt_ty)PyLong_AsVoidPtr(ptr);
+        if (st == NULL) {
+            _PyCompile_ExitScope(c);
+            Py_DECREF(deferred_anno);
+            return ERROR;
+        }
+        PyObject *mangled = _PyCompile_Mangle(c, st->v.AnnAssign.target->v.Name.id);
+        if (!mangled) {
+            _PyCompile_ExitScope(c);
+            Py_DECREF(deferred_anno);
+            return ERROR;
+        }
+        ADDOP_LOAD_CONST_NEW(c, LOC(st), mangled);
+        VISIT(c, expr, st->v.AnnAssign.annotation);
+    }
+    Py_DECREF(deferred_anno);
+
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_leave_annotations_scope(c, loc, annotations_len));
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_nameop(c, loc, &_Py_ID(__annotate__), Store));
+
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+/* Compile an expression */
+int
+_PyCodegen_Expression(compiler *c, expr_ty e)
+{
+    VISIT(c, expr, e);
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+/* Compile a sequence of statements, checking for a docstring
+   and for annotations. */
+
+int
+_PyCodegen_Body(compiler *c, location loc, asdl_stmt_seq *stmts, bool is_interactive)
+{
+    /* If from __future__ import annotations is active,
+     * every annotated class and module should have __annotations__.
+     * Else __annotate__ is created when necessary. */
+    if ((FUTURE_FEATURES(c) & CO_FUTURE_ANNOTATIONS) && SYMTABLE_ENTRY(c)->ste_annotations_used) {
+        ADDOP(c, loc, SETUP_ANNOTATIONS);
+    }
+    if (!asdl_seq_LEN(stmts)) {
+        return SUCCESS;
+    }
+    Py_ssize_t first_instr = 0;
+    if (!is_interactive) { /* A string literal on REPL prompt is not a docstring */
+        PyObject *docstring = _PyAST_GetDocString(stmts);
+        if (docstring) {
+            first_instr = 1;
+            /* set docstring */
+            assert(OPTIMIZATION_LEVEL(c) < 2);
+            PyObject *cleandoc = _PyCompile_CleanDoc(docstring);
+            if (cleandoc == NULL) {
+                return ERROR;
+            }
+            stmt_ty st = (stmt_ty)asdl_seq_GET(stmts, 0);
+            assert(st->kind == Expr_kind);
+            location loc = LOC(st->v.Expr.value);
+            ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, loc, cleandoc);
+            Py_DECREF(cleandoc);
+            RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_nameop(c, NO_LOCATION, &_Py_ID(__doc__), Store));
+        }
+    }
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = first_instr; i < asdl_seq_LEN(stmts); i++) {
+        VISIT(c, stmt, (stmt_ty)asdl_seq_GET(stmts, i));
+    }
+    // If there are annotations and the future import is not on, we
+    // collect the annotations in a separate pass and generate an
+    // __annotate__ function. See PEP 649.
+    if (!(FUTURE_FEATURES(c) & CO_FUTURE_ANNOTATIONS)) {
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_process_deferred_annotations(c, loc));
+    }
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+int
+_PyCodegen_EnterAnonymousScope(compiler* c, mod_ty mod)
+{
+    _Py_DECLARE_STR(anon_module, "<module>");
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(
+        codegen_enter_scope(c, &_Py_STR(anon_module), COMPILE_SCOPE_MODULE,
+                            mod, 1, NULL, NULL));
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_make_closure(compiler *c, location loc,
+                     PyCodeObject *co, Py_ssize_t flags)
+{
+    if (co->co_nfreevars) {
+        int i = PyUnstable_Code_GetFirstFree(co);
+        for (; i < co->co_nlocalsplus; ++i) {
+            /* Bypass com_addop_varname because it will generate
+               LOAD_DEREF but LOAD_CLOSURE is needed.
+            */
+            PyObject *name = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(co->co_localsplusnames, i);
+            int arg = _PyCompile_LookupArg(c, co, name);
+            RETURN_IF_ERROR(arg);
+            ADDOP_I(c, loc, LOAD_CLOSURE, arg);
+        }
+        flags |= MAKE_FUNCTION_CLOSURE;
+        ADDOP_I(c, loc, BUILD_TUPLE, co->co_nfreevars);
+    }
+    ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, loc, (PyObject*)co);
+
+    ADDOP(c, loc, MAKE_FUNCTION);
+
+    if (flags & MAKE_FUNCTION_CLOSURE) {
+        ADDOP_I(c, loc, SET_FUNCTION_ATTRIBUTE, MAKE_FUNCTION_CLOSURE);
+    }
+    if (flags & MAKE_FUNCTION_ANNOTATIONS) {
+        ADDOP_I(c, loc, SET_FUNCTION_ATTRIBUTE, MAKE_FUNCTION_ANNOTATIONS);
+    }
+    if (flags & MAKE_FUNCTION_ANNOTATE) {
+        ADDOP_I(c, loc, SET_FUNCTION_ATTRIBUTE, MAKE_FUNCTION_ANNOTATE);
+    }
+    if (flags & MAKE_FUNCTION_KWDEFAULTS) {
+        ADDOP_I(c, loc, SET_FUNCTION_ATTRIBUTE, MAKE_FUNCTION_KWDEFAULTS);
+    }
+    if (flags & MAKE_FUNCTION_DEFAULTS) {
+        ADDOP_I(c, loc, SET_FUNCTION_ATTRIBUTE, MAKE_FUNCTION_DEFAULTS);
+    }
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_decorators(compiler *c, asdl_expr_seq* decos)
+{
+    if (!decos) {
+        return SUCCESS;
+    }
+
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < asdl_seq_LEN(decos); i++) {
+        VISIT(c, expr, (expr_ty)asdl_seq_GET(decos, i));
+    }
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_apply_decorators(compiler *c, asdl_expr_seq* decos)
+{
+    if (!decos) {
+        return SUCCESS;
+    }
+
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = asdl_seq_LEN(decos) - 1; i > -1; i--) {
+        location loc = LOC((expr_ty)asdl_seq_GET(decos, i));
+        ADDOP_I(c, loc, CALL, 0);
+    }
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_kwonlydefaults(compiler *c, location loc,
+                       asdl_arg_seq *kwonlyargs, asdl_expr_seq *kw_defaults)
+{
+    /* Push a dict of keyword-only default values.
+
+       Return -1 on error, 0 if no dict pushed, 1 if a dict is pushed.
+       */
+    int default_count = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < asdl_seq_LEN(kwonlyargs); i++) {
+        arg_ty arg = asdl_seq_GET(kwonlyargs, i);
+        expr_ty default_ = asdl_seq_GET(kw_defaults, i);
+        if (default_) {
+            default_count++;
+            PyObject *mangled = _PyCompile_MaybeMangle(c, arg->arg);
+            if (!mangled) {
+                return ERROR;
+            }
+            ADDOP_LOAD_CONST_NEW(c, loc, mangled);
+            VISIT(c, expr, default_);
+        }
+    }
+    if (default_count) {
+        ADDOP_I(c, loc, BUILD_MAP, default_count);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    else {
+        return 0;
+    }
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_visit_annexpr(compiler *c, expr_ty annotation)
+{
+    location loc = LOC(annotation);
+    ADDOP_LOAD_CONST_NEW(c, loc, _PyAST_ExprAsUnicode(annotation));
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_argannotation(compiler *c, identifier id,
+    expr_ty annotation, Py_ssize_t *annotations_len, location loc)
+{
+    if (!annotation) {
+        return SUCCESS;
+    }
+    PyObject *mangled = _PyCompile_MaybeMangle(c, id);
+    if (!mangled) {
+        return ERROR;
+    }
+    ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, loc, mangled);
+    Py_DECREF(mangled);
+
+    if (FUTURE_FEATURES(c) & CO_FUTURE_ANNOTATIONS) {
+        VISIT(c, annexpr, annotation);
+    }
+    else {
+        if (annotation->kind == Starred_kind) {
+            // *args: *Ts (where Ts is a TypeVarTuple).
+            // Do [annotation_value] = [*Ts].
+            // (Note that in theory we could end up here even for an argument
+            // other than *args, but in practice the grammar doesn't allow it.)
+            VISIT(c, expr, annotation->v.Starred.value);
+            ADDOP_I(c, loc, UNPACK_SEQUENCE, (Py_ssize_t) 1);
+        }
+        else {
+            VISIT(c, expr, annotation);
+        }
+    }
+    *annotations_len += 1;
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_argannotations(compiler *c, asdl_arg_seq* args,
+                       Py_ssize_t *annotations_len, location loc)
+{
+    int i;
+    for (i = 0; i < asdl_seq_LEN(args); i++) {
+        arg_ty arg = (arg_ty)asdl_seq_GET(args, i);
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(
+            codegen_argannotation(
+                        c,
+                        arg->arg,
+                        arg->annotation,
+                        annotations_len,
+                        loc));
+    }
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_annotations_in_scope(compiler *c, location loc,
+                             arguments_ty args, expr_ty returns,
+                             Py_ssize_t *annotations_len)
+{
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(
+        codegen_argannotations(c, args->args, annotations_len, loc));
+
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(
+        codegen_argannotations(c, args->posonlyargs, annotations_len, loc));
+
+    if (args->vararg && args->vararg->annotation) {
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(
+            codegen_argannotation(c, args->vararg->arg,
+                                     args->vararg->annotation, annotations_len, loc));
+    }
+
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(
+        codegen_argannotations(c, args->kwonlyargs, annotations_len, loc));
+
+    if (args->kwarg && args->kwarg->annotation) {
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(
+            codegen_argannotation(c, args->kwarg->arg,
+                                     args->kwarg->annotation, annotations_len, loc));
+    }
+
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(
+        codegen_argannotation(c, &_Py_ID(return), returns, annotations_len, loc));
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_annotations(compiler *c, location loc,
+                    arguments_ty args, expr_ty returns)
+{
+    /* Push arg annotation names and values.
+       The expressions are evaluated separately from the rest of the source code.
+
+       Return -1 on error, or a combination of flags to add to the function.
+       */
+    Py_ssize_t annotations_len = 0;
+
+    PySTEntryObject *ste;
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(_PySymtable_LookupOptional(SYMTABLE(c), args, &ste));
+    assert(ste != NULL);
+
+    if (ste->ste_annotations_used) {
+        int err = codegen_setup_annotations_scope(c, loc, (void *)args, ste->ste_name);
+        Py_DECREF(ste);
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(err);
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR_IN_SCOPE(
+            c, codegen_annotations_in_scope(c, loc, args, returns, &annotations_len)
+        );
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(
+            codegen_leave_annotations_scope(c, loc, annotations_len)
+        );
+        return MAKE_FUNCTION_ANNOTATE;
+    }
+    else {
+        Py_DECREF(ste);
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_defaults(compiler *c, arguments_ty args,
+                        location loc)
+{
+    VISIT_SEQ(c, expr, args->defaults);
+    ADDOP_I(c, loc, BUILD_TUPLE, asdl_seq_LEN(args->defaults));
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static Py_ssize_t
+codegen_default_arguments(compiler *c, location loc,
+                          arguments_ty args)
+{
+    Py_ssize_t funcflags = 0;
+    if (args->defaults && asdl_seq_LEN(args->defaults) > 0) {
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_defaults(c, args, loc));
+        funcflags |= MAKE_FUNCTION_DEFAULTS;
+    }
+    if (args->kwonlyargs) {
+        int res = codegen_kwonlydefaults(c, loc,
+                                         args->kwonlyargs,
+                                         args->kw_defaults);
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(res);
+        if (res > 0) {
+            funcflags |= MAKE_FUNCTION_KWDEFAULTS;
+        }
+    }
+    return funcflags;
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_wrap_in_stopiteration_handler(compiler *c)
+{
+    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, handler);
+
+    /* Insert SETUP_CLEANUP at start */
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(
+        _PyInstructionSequence_InsertInstruction(
+            INSTR_SEQUENCE(c), 0,
+            SETUP_CLEANUP, handler.id, NO_LOCATION));
+
+    ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, NO_LOCATION, Py_None);
+    ADDOP(c, NO_LOCATION, RETURN_VALUE);
+    USE_LABEL(c, handler);
+    ADDOP_I(c, NO_LOCATION, CALL_INTRINSIC_1, INTRINSIC_STOPITERATION_ERROR);
+    ADDOP_I(c, NO_LOCATION, RERAISE, 1);
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_type_param_bound_or_default(compiler *c, expr_ty e,
+                                    identifier name, void *key,
+                                    bool allow_starred)
+{
+    PyObject *defaults = PyTuple_Pack(1, _PyLong_GetOne());
+    ADDOP_LOAD_CONST_NEW(c, LOC(e), defaults);
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_setup_annotations_scope(c, LOC(e), key, name));
+    if (allow_starred && e->kind == Starred_kind) {
+        VISIT(c, expr, e->v.Starred.value);
+        ADDOP_I(c, LOC(e), UNPACK_SEQUENCE, (Py_ssize_t)1);
+    }
+    else {
+        VISIT(c, expr, e);
+    }
+    ADDOP_IN_SCOPE(c, LOC(e), RETURN_VALUE);
+    PyCodeObject *co = _PyCompile_OptimizeAndAssemble(c, 1);
+    _PyCompile_ExitScope(c);
+    if (co == NULL) {
+        return ERROR;
+    }
+    int ret = codegen_make_closure(c, LOC(e), co, MAKE_FUNCTION_DEFAULTS);
+    Py_DECREF(co);
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(ret);
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_type_params(compiler *c, asdl_type_param_seq *type_params)
+{
+    if (!type_params) {
+        return SUCCESS;
+    }
+    Py_ssize_t n = asdl_seq_LEN(type_params);
+    bool seen_default = false;
+
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        type_param_ty typeparam = asdl_seq_GET(type_params, i);
+        location loc = LOC(typeparam);
+        switch(typeparam->kind) {
+        case TypeVar_kind:
+            ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, loc, typeparam->v.TypeVar.name);
+            if (typeparam->v.TypeVar.bound) {
+                expr_ty bound = typeparam->v.TypeVar.bound;
+                RETURN_IF_ERROR(
+                    codegen_type_param_bound_or_default(c, bound, typeparam->v.TypeVar.name,
+                                                        (void *)typeparam, false));
+
+                int intrinsic = bound->kind == Tuple_kind
+                    ? INTRINSIC_TYPEVAR_WITH_CONSTRAINTS
+                    : INTRINSIC_TYPEVAR_WITH_BOUND;
+                ADDOP_I(c, loc, CALL_INTRINSIC_2, intrinsic);
+            }
+            else {
+                ADDOP_I(c, loc, CALL_INTRINSIC_1, INTRINSIC_TYPEVAR);
+            }
+            if (typeparam->v.TypeVar.default_value) {
+                seen_default = true;
+                expr_ty default_ = typeparam->v.TypeVar.default_value;
+                RETURN_IF_ERROR(
+                    codegen_type_param_bound_or_default(c, default_, typeparam->v.TypeVar.name,
+                                                        (void *)((uintptr_t)typeparam + 1), false));
+                ADDOP_I(c, loc, CALL_INTRINSIC_2, INTRINSIC_SET_TYPEPARAM_DEFAULT);
+            }
+            else if (seen_default) {
+                return _PyCompile_Error(c, loc, "non-default type parameter '%U' "
+                                        "follows default type parameter",
+                                        typeparam->v.TypeVar.name);
+            }
+            ADDOP_I(c, loc, COPY, 1);
+            RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_nameop(c, loc, typeparam->v.TypeVar.name, Store));
+            break;
+        case TypeVarTuple_kind:
+            ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, loc, typeparam->v.TypeVarTuple.name);
+            ADDOP_I(c, loc, CALL_INTRINSIC_1, INTRINSIC_TYPEVARTUPLE);
+            if (typeparam->v.TypeVarTuple.default_value) {
+                expr_ty default_ = typeparam->v.TypeVarTuple.default_value;
+                RETURN_IF_ERROR(
+                    codegen_type_param_bound_or_default(c, default_, typeparam->v.TypeVarTuple.name,
+                                                        (void *)typeparam, true));
+                ADDOP_I(c, loc, CALL_INTRINSIC_2, INTRINSIC_SET_TYPEPARAM_DEFAULT);
+                seen_default = true;
+            }
+            else if (seen_default) {
+                return _PyCompile_Error(c, loc, "non-default type parameter '%U' "
+                                        "follows default type parameter",
+                                        typeparam->v.TypeVarTuple.name);
+            }
+            ADDOP_I(c, loc, COPY, 1);
+            RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_nameop(c, loc, typeparam->v.TypeVarTuple.name, Store));
+            break;
+        case ParamSpec_kind:
+            ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, loc, typeparam->v.ParamSpec.name);
+            ADDOP_I(c, loc, CALL_INTRINSIC_1, INTRINSIC_PARAMSPEC);
+            if (typeparam->v.ParamSpec.default_value) {
+                expr_ty default_ = typeparam->v.ParamSpec.default_value;
+                RETURN_IF_ERROR(
+                    codegen_type_param_bound_or_default(c, default_, typeparam->v.ParamSpec.name,
+                                                        (void *)typeparam, false));
+                ADDOP_I(c, loc, CALL_INTRINSIC_2, INTRINSIC_SET_TYPEPARAM_DEFAULT);
+                seen_default = true;
+            }
+            else if (seen_default) {
+                return _PyCompile_Error(c, loc, "non-default type parameter '%U' "
+                                        "follows default type parameter",
+                                        typeparam->v.ParamSpec.name);
+            }
+            ADDOP_I(c, loc, COPY, 1);
+            RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_nameop(c, loc, typeparam->v.ParamSpec.name, Store));
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    ADDOP_I(c, LOC(asdl_seq_GET(type_params, 0)), BUILD_TUPLE, n);
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_function_body(compiler *c, stmt_ty s, int is_async, Py_ssize_t funcflags,
+                      int firstlineno)
+{
+    arguments_ty args;
+    identifier name;
+    asdl_stmt_seq *body;
+    int scope_type;
+
+    if (is_async) {
+        assert(s->kind == AsyncFunctionDef_kind);
+
+        args = s->v.AsyncFunctionDef.args;
+        name = s->v.AsyncFunctionDef.name;
+        body = s->v.AsyncFunctionDef.body;
+
+        scope_type = COMPILE_SCOPE_ASYNC_FUNCTION;
+    } else {
+        assert(s->kind == FunctionDef_kind);
+
+        args = s->v.FunctionDef.args;
+        name = s->v.FunctionDef.name;
+        body = s->v.FunctionDef.body;
+
+        scope_type = COMPILE_SCOPE_FUNCTION;
+    }
+
+    _PyCompile_CodeUnitMetadata umd = {
+        .u_argcount = asdl_seq_LEN(args->args),
+        .u_posonlyargcount = asdl_seq_LEN(args->posonlyargs),
+        .u_kwonlyargcount = asdl_seq_LEN(args->kwonlyargs),
+    };
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(
+        codegen_enter_scope(c, name, scope_type, (void *)s, firstlineno, NULL, &umd));
+
+    Py_ssize_t first_instr = 0;
+    PyObject *docstring = _PyAST_GetDocString(body);
+    assert(OPTIMIZATION_LEVEL(c) < 2 || docstring == NULL);
+    if (docstring) {
+        first_instr = 1;
+        docstring = _PyCompile_CleanDoc(docstring);
+        if (docstring == NULL) {
+            _PyCompile_ExitScope(c);
+            return ERROR;
+        }
+    }
+    Py_ssize_t idx = _PyCompile_AddConst(c, docstring ? docstring : Py_None);
+    Py_XDECREF(docstring);
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR_IN_SCOPE(c, idx < 0 ? ERROR : SUCCESS);
+
+    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, start);
+    USE_LABEL(c, start);
+    PySTEntryObject *ste = SYMTABLE_ENTRY(c);
+    bool add_stopiteration_handler = ste->ste_coroutine || ste->ste_generator;
+    if (add_stopiteration_handler) {
+        /* codegen_wrap_in_stopiteration_handler will push a block, so we need to account for that */
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(
+            _PyCompile_PushFBlock(c, NO_LOCATION, COMPILE_FBLOCK_STOP_ITERATION,
+                                  start, NO_LABEL, NULL));
+    }
+
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = first_instr; i < asdl_seq_LEN(body); i++) {
+        VISIT_IN_SCOPE(c, stmt, (stmt_ty)asdl_seq_GET(body, i));
+    }
+    if (add_stopiteration_handler) {
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR_IN_SCOPE(c, codegen_wrap_in_stopiteration_handler(c));
+        _PyCompile_PopFBlock(c, COMPILE_FBLOCK_STOP_ITERATION, start);
+    }
+    PyCodeObject *co = _PyCompile_OptimizeAndAssemble(c, 1);
+    _PyCompile_ExitScope(c);
+    if (co == NULL) {
+        Py_XDECREF(co);
+        return ERROR;
+    }
+    int ret = codegen_make_closure(c, LOC(s), co, funcflags);
+    Py_DECREF(co);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_function(compiler *c, stmt_ty s, int is_async)
+{
+    arguments_ty args;
+    expr_ty returns;
+    identifier name;
+    asdl_expr_seq *decos;
+    asdl_type_param_seq *type_params;
+    Py_ssize_t funcflags;
+    int firstlineno;
+
+    if (is_async) {
+        assert(s->kind == AsyncFunctionDef_kind);
+
+        args = s->v.AsyncFunctionDef.args;
+        returns = s->v.AsyncFunctionDef.returns;
+        decos = s->v.AsyncFunctionDef.decorator_list;
+        name = s->v.AsyncFunctionDef.name;
+        type_params = s->v.AsyncFunctionDef.type_params;
+    } else {
+        assert(s->kind == FunctionDef_kind);
+
+        args = s->v.FunctionDef.args;
+        returns = s->v.FunctionDef.returns;
+        decos = s->v.FunctionDef.decorator_list;
+        name = s->v.FunctionDef.name;
+        type_params = s->v.FunctionDef.type_params;
+    }
+
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_decorators(c, decos));
+
+    firstlineno = s->lineno;
+    if (asdl_seq_LEN(decos)) {
+        firstlineno = ((expr_ty)asdl_seq_GET(decos, 0))->lineno;
+    }
+
+    location loc = LOC(s);
+
+    int is_generic = asdl_seq_LEN(type_params) > 0;
+
+    funcflags = codegen_default_arguments(c, loc, args);
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(funcflags);
+
+    int num_typeparam_args = 0;
+
+    if (is_generic) {
+        if (funcflags & MAKE_FUNCTION_DEFAULTS) {
+            num_typeparam_args += 1;
+        }
+        if (funcflags & MAKE_FUNCTION_KWDEFAULTS) {
+            num_typeparam_args += 1;
+        }
+        if (num_typeparam_args == 2) {
+            ADDOP_I(c, loc, SWAP, 2);
+        }
+        PyObject *type_params_name = PyUnicode_FromFormat("<generic parameters of %U>", name);
+        if (!type_params_name) {
+            return ERROR;
+        }
+        _PyCompile_CodeUnitMetadata umd = {
+            .u_argcount = num_typeparam_args,
+        };
+        int ret = codegen_enter_scope(c, type_params_name, COMPILE_SCOPE_ANNOTATIONS,
+                                      (void *)type_params, firstlineno, NULL, &umd);
+        Py_DECREF(type_params_name);
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(ret);
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR_IN_SCOPE(c, codegen_type_params(c, type_params));
+        for (int i = 0; i < num_typeparam_args; i++) {
+            ADDOP_I_IN_SCOPE(c, loc, LOAD_FAST, i);
+        }
+    }
+
+    int annotations_flag = codegen_annotations(c, loc, args, returns);
+    if (annotations_flag < 0) {
+        if (is_generic) {
+            _PyCompile_ExitScope(c);
+        }
+        return ERROR;
+    }
+    funcflags |= annotations_flag;
+
+    int ret = codegen_function_body(c, s, is_async, funcflags, firstlineno);
+    if (is_generic) {
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR_IN_SCOPE(c, ret);
+    }
+    else {
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(ret);
+    }
+
+    if (is_generic) {
+        ADDOP_I_IN_SCOPE(c, loc, SWAP, 2);
+        ADDOP_I_IN_SCOPE(c, loc, CALL_INTRINSIC_2, INTRINSIC_SET_FUNCTION_TYPE_PARAMS);
+
+        PyCodeObject *co = _PyCompile_OptimizeAndAssemble(c, 0);
+        _PyCompile_ExitScope(c);
+        if (co == NULL) {
+            return ERROR;
+        }
+        int ret = codegen_make_closure(c, loc, co, 0);
+        Py_DECREF(co);
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(ret);
+        if (num_typeparam_args > 0) {
+            ADDOP_I(c, loc, SWAP, num_typeparam_args + 1);
+            ADDOP_I(c, loc, CALL, num_typeparam_args - 1);
+        }
+        else {
+            ADDOP(c, loc, PUSH_NULL);
+            ADDOP_I(c, loc, CALL, 0);
+        }
+    }
+
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_apply_decorators(c, decos));
+    return codegen_nameop(c, loc, name, Store);
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_set_type_params_in_class(compiler *c, location loc)
+{
+    _Py_DECLARE_STR(type_params, ".type_params");
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_nameop(c, loc, &_Py_STR(type_params), Load));
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_nameop(c, loc, &_Py_ID(__type_params__), Store));
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+
+static int
+codegen_class_body(compiler *c, stmt_ty s, int firstlineno)
+{
+    /* ultimately generate code for:
+         <name> = __build_class__(<func>, <name>, *<bases>, **<keywords>)
+       where:
+         <func> is a zero arg function/closure created from the class body.
+            It mutates its locals to build the class namespace.
+         <name> is the class name
+         <bases> is the positional arguments and *varargs argument
+         <keywords> is the keyword arguments and **kwds argument
+       This borrows from codegen_call.
+    */
+
+    /* 1. compile the class body into a code object */
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(
+        codegen_enter_scope(c, s->v.ClassDef.name, COMPILE_SCOPE_CLASS,
+                            (void *)s, firstlineno, s->v.ClassDef.name, NULL));
+
+    location loc = LOCATION(firstlineno, firstlineno, 0, 0);
+    /* load (global) __name__ ... */
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR_IN_SCOPE(c, codegen_nameop(c, loc, &_Py_ID(__name__), Load));
+    /* ... and store it as __module__ */
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR_IN_SCOPE(c, codegen_nameop(c, loc, &_Py_ID(__module__), Store));
+    ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, loc, QUALNAME(c));
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR_IN_SCOPE(c, codegen_nameop(c, loc, &_Py_ID(__qualname__), Store));
+    ADDOP_LOAD_CONST_NEW(c, loc, PyLong_FromLong(METADATA(c)->u_firstlineno));
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR_IN_SCOPE(c, codegen_nameop(c, loc, &_Py_ID(__firstlineno__), Store));
+    asdl_type_param_seq *type_params = s->v.ClassDef.type_params;
+    if (asdl_seq_LEN(type_params) > 0) {
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR_IN_SCOPE(c, codegen_set_type_params_in_class(c, loc));
+    }
+    if (SYMTABLE_ENTRY(c)->ste_needs_classdict) {
+        ADDOP(c, loc, LOAD_LOCALS);
+
+        // We can't use codegen_nameop here because we need to generate a
+        // STORE_DEREF in a class namespace, and codegen_nameop() won't do
+        // that by default.
+        ADDOP_N_IN_SCOPE(c, loc, STORE_DEREF, &_Py_ID(__classdict__), cellvars);
+    }
+    /* compile the body proper */
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR_IN_SCOPE(c, _PyCodegen_Body(c, loc, s->v.ClassDef.body, false));
+    PyObject *static_attributes = _PyCompile_StaticAttributesAsTuple(c);
+    if (static_attributes == NULL) {
+        _PyCompile_ExitScope(c);
+        return ERROR;
+    }
+    ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, NO_LOCATION, static_attributes);
+    Py_CLEAR(static_attributes);
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR_IN_SCOPE(
+        c, codegen_nameop(c, NO_LOCATION, &_Py_ID(__static_attributes__), Store));
+    /* The following code is artificial */
+    /* Set __classdictcell__ if necessary */
+    if (SYMTABLE_ENTRY(c)->ste_needs_classdict) {
+        /* Store __classdictcell__ into class namespace */
+        int i = _PyCompile_LookupCellvar(c, &_Py_ID(__classdict__));
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR_IN_SCOPE(c, i);
+        ADDOP_I(c, NO_LOCATION, LOAD_CLOSURE, i);
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR_IN_SCOPE(
+            c, codegen_nameop(c, NO_LOCATION, &_Py_ID(__classdictcell__), Store));
+    }
+    /* Return __classcell__ if it is referenced, otherwise return None */
+    if (SYMTABLE_ENTRY(c)->ste_needs_class_closure) {
+        /* Store __classcell__ into class namespace & return it */
+        int i = _PyCompile_LookupCellvar(c, &_Py_ID(__class__));
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR_IN_SCOPE(c, i);
+        ADDOP_I(c, NO_LOCATION, LOAD_CLOSURE, i);
+        ADDOP_I(c, NO_LOCATION, COPY, 1);
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR_IN_SCOPE(
+            c, codegen_nameop(c, NO_LOCATION, &_Py_ID(__classcell__), Store));
+    }
+    else {
+        /* No methods referenced __class__, so just return None */
+        ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, NO_LOCATION, Py_None);
+    }
+    ADDOP_IN_SCOPE(c, NO_LOCATION, RETURN_VALUE);
+    /* create the code object */
+    PyCodeObject *co = _PyCompile_OptimizeAndAssemble(c, 1);
+
+    /* leave the new scope */
+    _PyCompile_ExitScope(c);
+    if (co == NULL) {
+        return ERROR;
+    }
+
+    /* 2. load the 'build_class' function */
+
+    // these instructions should be attributed to the class line,
+    // not a decorator line
+    loc = LOC(s);
+    ADDOP(c, loc, LOAD_BUILD_CLASS);
+    ADDOP(c, loc, PUSH_NULL);
+
+    /* 3. load a function (or closure) made from the code object */
+    int ret = codegen_make_closure(c, loc, co, 0);
+    Py_DECREF(co);
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(ret);
+
+    /* 4. load class name */
+    ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, loc, s->v.ClassDef.name);
+
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_class(compiler *c, stmt_ty s)
+{
+    asdl_expr_seq *decos = s->v.ClassDef.decorator_list;
+
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_decorators(c, decos));
+
+    int firstlineno = s->lineno;
+    if (asdl_seq_LEN(decos)) {
+        firstlineno = ((expr_ty)asdl_seq_GET(decos, 0))->lineno;
+    }
+    location loc = LOC(s);
+
+    asdl_type_param_seq *type_params = s->v.ClassDef.type_params;
+    int is_generic = asdl_seq_LEN(type_params) > 0;
+    if (is_generic) {
+        PyObject *type_params_name = PyUnicode_FromFormat("<generic parameters of %U>",
+                                                         s->v.ClassDef.name);
+        if (!type_params_name) {
+            return ERROR;
+        }
+        int ret = codegen_enter_scope(c, type_params_name, COMPILE_SCOPE_ANNOTATIONS,
+                                      (void *)type_params, firstlineno, s->v.ClassDef.name, NULL);
+        Py_DECREF(type_params_name);
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(ret);
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR_IN_SCOPE(c, codegen_type_params(c, type_params));
+        _Py_DECLARE_STR(type_params, ".type_params");
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR_IN_SCOPE(c, codegen_nameop(c, loc, &_Py_STR(type_params), Store));
+    }
+
+    int ret = codegen_class_body(c, s, firstlineno);
+    if (is_generic) {
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR_IN_SCOPE(c, ret);
+    }
+    else {
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(ret);
+    }
+
+    /* generate the rest of the code for the call */
+
+    if (is_generic) {
+        _Py_DECLARE_STR(type_params, ".type_params");
+        _Py_DECLARE_STR(generic_base, ".generic_base");
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR_IN_SCOPE(c, codegen_nameop(c, loc, &_Py_STR(type_params), Load));
+        ADDOP_I_IN_SCOPE(c, loc, CALL_INTRINSIC_1, INTRINSIC_SUBSCRIPT_GENERIC);
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR_IN_SCOPE(c, codegen_nameop(c, loc, &_Py_STR(generic_base), Store));
+
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR_IN_SCOPE(c, codegen_call_helper_impl(c, loc, 2,
+                                                             s->v.ClassDef.bases,
+                                                             &_Py_STR(generic_base),
+                                                             s->v.ClassDef.keywords));
+
+        PyCodeObject *co = _PyCompile_OptimizeAndAssemble(c, 0);
+
+        _PyCompile_ExitScope(c);
+        if (co == NULL) {
+            return ERROR;
+        }
+        int ret = codegen_make_closure(c, loc, co, 0);
+        Py_DECREF(co);
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(ret);
+        ADDOP(c, loc, PUSH_NULL);
+        ADDOP_I(c, loc, CALL, 0);
+    } else {
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_call_helper(c, loc, 2,
+                                            s->v.ClassDef.bases,
+                                            s->v.ClassDef.keywords));
+    }
+
+    /* 6. apply decorators */
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_apply_decorators(c, decos));
+
+    /* 7. store into <name> */
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_nameop(c, loc, s->v.ClassDef.name, Store));
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_typealias_body(compiler *c, stmt_ty s)
+{
+    location loc = LOC(s);
+    PyObject *name = s->v.TypeAlias.name->v.Name.id;
+    PyObject *defaults = PyTuple_Pack(1, _PyLong_GetOne());
+    ADDOP_LOAD_CONST_NEW(c, loc, defaults);
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(
+        codegen_setup_annotations_scope(c, LOC(s), s, name));
+    /* Make None the first constant, so the evaluate function can't have a
+        docstring. */
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(_PyCompile_AddConst(c, Py_None));
+    VISIT_IN_SCOPE(c, expr, s->v.TypeAlias.value);
+    ADDOP_IN_SCOPE(c, loc, RETURN_VALUE);
+    PyCodeObject *co = _PyCompile_OptimizeAndAssemble(c, 0);
+    _PyCompile_ExitScope(c);
+    if (co == NULL) {
+        return ERROR;
+    }
+    int ret = codegen_make_closure(c, loc, co, MAKE_FUNCTION_DEFAULTS);
+    Py_DECREF(co);
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(ret);
+
+    ADDOP_I(c, loc, BUILD_TUPLE, 3);
+    ADDOP_I(c, loc, CALL_INTRINSIC_1, INTRINSIC_TYPEALIAS);
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_typealias(compiler *c, stmt_ty s)
+{
+    location loc = LOC(s);
+    asdl_type_param_seq *type_params = s->v.TypeAlias.type_params;
+    int is_generic = asdl_seq_LEN(type_params) > 0;
+    PyObject *name = s->v.TypeAlias.name->v.Name.id;
+    if (is_generic) {
+        PyObject *type_params_name = PyUnicode_FromFormat("<generic parameters of %U>",
+                                                         name);
+        if (!type_params_name) {
+            return ERROR;
+        }
+        int ret = codegen_enter_scope(c, type_params_name, COMPILE_SCOPE_ANNOTATIONS,
+                                      (void *)type_params, loc.lineno, NULL, NULL);
+        Py_DECREF(type_params_name);
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(ret);
+        ADDOP_LOAD_CONST_IN_SCOPE(c, loc, name);
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR_IN_SCOPE(c, codegen_type_params(c, type_params));
+    }
+    else {
+        ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, loc, name);
+        ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, loc, Py_None);
+    }
+
+    int ret = codegen_typealias_body(c, s);
+    if (is_generic) {
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR_IN_SCOPE(c, ret);
+    }
+    else {
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(ret);
+    }
+
+    if (is_generic) {
+        PyCodeObject *co = _PyCompile_OptimizeAndAssemble(c, 0);
+        _PyCompile_ExitScope(c);
+        if (co == NULL) {
+            return ERROR;
+        }
+        int ret = codegen_make_closure(c, loc, co, 0);
+        Py_DECREF(co);
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(ret);
+        ADDOP(c, loc, PUSH_NULL);
+        ADDOP_I(c, loc, CALL, 0);
+    }
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_nameop(c, loc, name, Store));
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+/* Return false if the expression is a constant value except named singletons.
+   Return true otherwise. */
+static bool
+check_is_arg(expr_ty e)
+{
+    if (e->kind != Constant_kind) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    PyObject *value = e->v.Constant.value;
+    return (value == Py_None
+         || value == Py_False
+         || value == Py_True
+         || value == Py_Ellipsis);
+}
+
+static PyTypeObject * infer_type(expr_ty e);
+
+/* Check operands of identity checks ("is" and "is not").
+   Emit a warning if any operand is a constant except named singletons.
+ */
+static int
+codegen_check_compare(compiler *c, expr_ty e)
+{
+    Py_ssize_t i, n;
+    bool left = check_is_arg(e->v.Compare.left);
+    expr_ty left_expr = e->v.Compare.left;
+    n = asdl_seq_LEN(e->v.Compare.ops);
+    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        cmpop_ty op = (cmpop_ty)asdl_seq_GET(e->v.Compare.ops, i);
+        expr_ty right_expr = (expr_ty)asdl_seq_GET(e->v.Compare.comparators, i);
+        bool right = check_is_arg(right_expr);
+        if (op == Is || op == IsNot) {
+            if (!right || !left) {
+                const char *msg = (op == Is)
+                        ? "\"is\" with '%.200s' literal. Did you mean \"==\"?"
+                        : "\"is not\" with '%.200s' literal. Did you mean \"!=\"?";
+                expr_ty literal = !left ? left_expr : right_expr;
+                return _PyCompile_Warn(
+                    c, LOC(e), msg, infer_type(literal)->tp_name
+                );
+            }
+        }
+        left = right;
+        left_expr = right_expr;
+    }
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_addcompare(compiler *c, location loc, cmpop_ty op)
+{
+    int cmp;
+    switch (op) {
+    case Eq:
+        cmp = Py_EQ;
+        break;
+    case NotEq:
+        cmp = Py_NE;
+        break;
+    case Lt:
+        cmp = Py_LT;
+        break;
+    case LtE:
+        cmp = Py_LE;
+        break;
+    case Gt:
+        cmp = Py_GT;
+        break;
+    case GtE:
+        cmp = Py_GE;
+        break;
+    case Is:
+        ADDOP_I(c, loc, IS_OP, 0);
+        return SUCCESS;
+    case IsNot:
+        ADDOP_I(c, loc, IS_OP, 1);
+        return SUCCESS;
+    case In:
+        ADDOP_I(c, loc, CONTAINS_OP, 0);
+        return SUCCESS;
+    case NotIn:
+        ADDOP_I(c, loc, CONTAINS_OP, 1);
+        return SUCCESS;
+    default:
+        Py_UNREACHABLE();
+    }
+    // cmp goes in top three bits of the oparg, while the low four bits are used
+    // by quickened versions of this opcode to store the comparison mask. The
+    // fifth-lowest bit indicates whether the result should be converted to bool
+    // and is set later):
+    ADDOP_I(c, loc, COMPARE_OP, (cmp << 5) | compare_masks[cmp]);
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_jump_if(compiler *c, location loc,
+                expr_ty e, jump_target_label next, int cond)
+{
+    switch (e->kind) {
+    case UnaryOp_kind:
+        if (e->v.UnaryOp.op == Not) {
+            return codegen_jump_if(c, loc, e->v.UnaryOp.operand, next, !cond);
+        }
+        /* fallback to general implementation */
+        break;
+    case BoolOp_kind: {
+        asdl_expr_seq *s = e->v.BoolOp.values;
+        Py_ssize_t i, n = asdl_seq_LEN(s) - 1;
+        assert(n >= 0);
+        int cond2 = e->v.BoolOp.op == Or;
+        jump_target_label next2 = next;
+        if (!cond2 != !cond) {
+            NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, new_next2);
+            next2 = new_next2;
+        }
+        for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+            RETURN_IF_ERROR(
+                codegen_jump_if(c, loc, (expr_ty)asdl_seq_GET(s, i), next2, cond2));
+        }
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(
+            codegen_jump_if(c, loc, (expr_ty)asdl_seq_GET(s, n), next, cond));
+        if (!SAME_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(next2, next)) {
+            USE_LABEL(c, next2);
+        }
+        return SUCCESS;
+    }
+    case IfExp_kind: {
+        NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, end);
+        NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, next2);
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(
+            codegen_jump_if(c, loc, e->v.IfExp.test, next2, 0));
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(
+            codegen_jump_if(c, loc, e->v.IfExp.body, next, cond));
+        ADDOP_JUMP(c, NO_LOCATION, JUMP_NO_INTERRUPT, end);
+
+        USE_LABEL(c, next2);
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(
+            codegen_jump_if(c, loc, e->v.IfExp.orelse, next, cond));
+
+        USE_LABEL(c, end);
+        return SUCCESS;
+    }
+    case Compare_kind: {
+        Py_ssize_t n = asdl_seq_LEN(e->v.Compare.ops) - 1;
+        if (n > 0) {
+            RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_check_compare(c, e));
+            NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, cleanup);
+            VISIT(c, expr, e->v.Compare.left);
+            for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+                VISIT(c, expr,
+                    (expr_ty)asdl_seq_GET(e->v.Compare.comparators, i));
+                ADDOP_I(c, LOC(e), SWAP, 2);
+                ADDOP_I(c, LOC(e), COPY, 2);
+                ADDOP_COMPARE(c, LOC(e), asdl_seq_GET(e->v.Compare.ops, i));
+                ADDOP(c, LOC(e), TO_BOOL);
+                ADDOP_JUMP(c, LOC(e), POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE, cleanup);
+            }
+            VISIT(c, expr, (expr_ty)asdl_seq_GET(e->v.Compare.comparators, n));
+            ADDOP_COMPARE(c, LOC(e), asdl_seq_GET(e->v.Compare.ops, n));
+            ADDOP(c, LOC(e), TO_BOOL);
+            ADDOP_JUMP(c, LOC(e), cond ? POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE : POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE, next);
+            NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, end);
+            ADDOP_JUMP(c, NO_LOCATION, JUMP_NO_INTERRUPT, end);
+
+            USE_LABEL(c, cleanup);
+            ADDOP(c, LOC(e), POP_TOP);
+            if (!cond) {
+                ADDOP_JUMP(c, NO_LOCATION, JUMP_NO_INTERRUPT, next);
+            }
+
+            USE_LABEL(c, end);
+            return SUCCESS;
+        }
+        /* fallback to general implementation */
+        break;
+    }
+    default:
+        /* fallback to general implementation */
+        break;
+    }
+
+    /* general implementation */
+    VISIT(c, expr, e);
+    ADDOP(c, LOC(e), TO_BOOL);
+    ADDOP_JUMP(c, LOC(e), cond ? POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE : POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE, next);
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_ifexp(compiler *c, expr_ty e)
+{
+    assert(e->kind == IfExp_kind);
+    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, end);
+    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, next);
+
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(
+        codegen_jump_if(c, LOC(e), e->v.IfExp.test, next, 0));
+
+    VISIT(c, expr, e->v.IfExp.body);
+    ADDOP_JUMP(c, NO_LOCATION, JUMP_NO_INTERRUPT, end);
+
+    USE_LABEL(c, next);
+    VISIT(c, expr, e->v.IfExp.orelse);
+
+    USE_LABEL(c, end);
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_lambda(compiler *c, expr_ty e)
+{
+    PyCodeObject *co;
+    Py_ssize_t funcflags;
+    arguments_ty args = e->v.Lambda.args;
+    assert(e->kind == Lambda_kind);
+
+    location loc = LOC(e);
+    funcflags = codegen_default_arguments(c, loc, args);
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(funcflags);
+
+    _PyCompile_CodeUnitMetadata umd = {
+        .u_argcount = asdl_seq_LEN(args->args),
+        .u_posonlyargcount = asdl_seq_LEN(args->posonlyargs),
+        .u_kwonlyargcount = asdl_seq_LEN(args->kwonlyargs),
+    };
+    _Py_DECLARE_STR(anon_lambda, "<lambda>");
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(
+        codegen_enter_scope(c, &_Py_STR(anon_lambda), COMPILE_SCOPE_LAMBDA,
+                            (void *)e, e->lineno, NULL, &umd));
+
+    /* Make None the first constant, so the lambda can't have a
+       docstring. */
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(_PyCompile_AddConst(c, Py_None));
+
+    VISIT_IN_SCOPE(c, expr, e->v.Lambda.body);
+    if (SYMTABLE_ENTRY(c)->ste_generator) {
+        co = _PyCompile_OptimizeAndAssemble(c, 0);
+    }
+    else {
+        location loc = LOC(e->v.Lambda.body);
+        ADDOP_IN_SCOPE(c, loc, RETURN_VALUE);
+        co = _PyCompile_OptimizeAndAssemble(c, 1);
+    }
+    _PyCompile_ExitScope(c);
+    if (co == NULL) {
+        return ERROR;
+    }
+
+    int ret = codegen_make_closure(c, loc, co, funcflags);
+    Py_DECREF(co);
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(ret);
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_if(compiler *c, stmt_ty s)
+{
+    jump_target_label next;
+    assert(s->kind == If_kind);
+    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, end);
+    if (asdl_seq_LEN(s->v.If.orelse)) {
+        NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, orelse);
+        next = orelse;
+    }
+    else {
+        next = end;
+    }
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(
+        codegen_jump_if(c, LOC(s), s->v.If.test, next, 0));
+
+    VISIT_SEQ(c, stmt, s->v.If.body);
+    if (asdl_seq_LEN(s->v.If.orelse)) {
+        ADDOP_JUMP(c, NO_LOCATION, JUMP_NO_INTERRUPT, end);
+
+        USE_LABEL(c, next);
+        VISIT_SEQ(c, stmt, s->v.If.orelse);
+    }
+
+    USE_LABEL(c, end);
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_for(compiler *c, stmt_ty s)
+{
+    location loc = LOC(s);
+    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, start);
+    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, body);
+    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, cleanup);
+    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, end);
+
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(_PyCompile_PushFBlock(c, loc, COMPILE_FBLOCK_FOR_LOOP, start, end, NULL));
+
+    VISIT(c, expr, s->v.For.iter);
+
+    loc = LOC(s->v.For.iter);
+    ADDOP(c, loc, GET_ITER);
+
+    USE_LABEL(c, start);
+    ADDOP_JUMP(c, loc, FOR_ITER, cleanup);
+
+    /* Add NOP to ensure correct line tracing of multiline for statements.
+     * It will be removed later if redundant.
+     */
+    ADDOP(c, LOC(s->v.For.target), NOP);
+
+    USE_LABEL(c, body);
+    VISIT(c, expr, s->v.For.target);
+    VISIT_SEQ(c, stmt, s->v.For.body);
+    /* Mark jump as artificial */
+    ADDOP_JUMP(c, NO_LOCATION, JUMP, start);
+
+    USE_LABEL(c, cleanup);
+    /* It is important for instrumentation that the `END_FOR` comes first.
+    * Iteration over a generator will jump to the first of these instructions,
+    * but a non-generator will jump to a later instruction.
+    */
+    ADDOP(c, NO_LOCATION, END_FOR);
+    ADDOP(c, NO_LOCATION, POP_TOP);
+
+    _PyCompile_PopFBlock(c, COMPILE_FBLOCK_FOR_LOOP, start);
+
+    VISIT_SEQ(c, stmt, s->v.For.orelse);
+
+    USE_LABEL(c, end);
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+
+static int
+codegen_async_for(compiler *c, stmt_ty s)
+{
+    location loc = LOC(s);
+
+    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, start);
+    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, except);
+    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, end);
+
+    VISIT(c, expr, s->v.AsyncFor.iter);
+    ADDOP(c, LOC(s->v.AsyncFor.iter), GET_AITER);
+
+    USE_LABEL(c, start);
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(_PyCompile_PushFBlock(c, loc, COMPILE_FBLOCK_FOR_LOOP, start, end, NULL));
+
+    /* SETUP_FINALLY to guard the __anext__ call */
+    ADDOP_JUMP(c, loc, SETUP_FINALLY, except);
+    ADDOP(c, loc, GET_ANEXT);
+    ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, loc, Py_None);
+    ADD_YIELD_FROM(c, loc, 1);
+    ADDOP(c, loc, POP_BLOCK);  /* for SETUP_FINALLY */
+
+    /* Success block for __anext__ */
+    VISIT(c, expr, s->v.AsyncFor.target);
+    VISIT_SEQ(c, stmt, s->v.AsyncFor.body);
+    /* Mark jump as artificial */
+    ADDOP_JUMP(c, NO_LOCATION, JUMP, start);
+
+    _PyCompile_PopFBlock(c, COMPILE_FBLOCK_FOR_LOOP, start);
+
+    /* Except block for __anext__ */
+    USE_LABEL(c, except);
+
+    /* Use same line number as the iterator,
+     * as the END_ASYNC_FOR succeeds the `for`, not the body. */
+    loc = LOC(s->v.AsyncFor.iter);
+    ADDOP(c, loc, END_ASYNC_FOR);
+
+    /* `else` block */
+    VISIT_SEQ(c, stmt, s->v.For.orelse);
+
+    USE_LABEL(c, end);
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_while(compiler *c, stmt_ty s)
+{
+    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, loop);
+    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, end);
+    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, anchor);
+
+    USE_LABEL(c, loop);
+
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(_PyCompile_PushFBlock(c, LOC(s), COMPILE_FBLOCK_WHILE_LOOP, loop, end, NULL));
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_jump_if(c, LOC(s), s->v.While.test, anchor, 0));
+
+    VISIT_SEQ(c, stmt, s->v.While.body);
+    ADDOP_JUMP(c, NO_LOCATION, JUMP, loop);
+
+    _PyCompile_PopFBlock(c, COMPILE_FBLOCK_WHILE_LOOP, loop);
+
+    USE_LABEL(c, anchor);
+    if (s->v.While.orelse) {
+        VISIT_SEQ(c, stmt, s->v.While.orelse);
+    }
+
+    USE_LABEL(c, end);
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_return(compiler *c, stmt_ty s)
+{
+    location loc = LOC(s);
+    int preserve_tos = ((s->v.Return.value != NULL) &&
+                        (s->v.Return.value->kind != Constant_kind));
+
+    PySTEntryObject *ste = SYMTABLE_ENTRY(c);
+    if (!_PyST_IsFunctionLike(ste)) {
+        return _PyCompile_Error(c, loc, "'return' outside function");
+    }
+    if (s->v.Return.value != NULL && ste->ste_coroutine && ste->ste_generator) {
+        return _PyCompile_Error(c, loc, "'return' with value in async generator");
+    }
+
+    if (preserve_tos) {
+        VISIT(c, expr, s->v.Return.value);
+    } else {
+        /* Emit instruction with line number for return value */
+        if (s->v.Return.value != NULL) {
+            loc = LOC(s->v.Return.value);
+            ADDOP(c, loc, NOP);
+        }
+    }
+    if (s->v.Return.value == NULL || s->v.Return.value->lineno != s->lineno) {
+        loc = LOC(s);
+        ADDOP(c, loc, NOP);
+    }
+
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_unwind_fblock_stack(c, &loc, preserve_tos, NULL));
+    if (s->v.Return.value == NULL) {
+        ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, loc, Py_None);
+    }
+    else if (!preserve_tos) {
+        ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, loc, s->v.Return.value->v.Constant.value);
+    }
+    ADDOP(c, loc, RETURN_VALUE);
+
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_break(compiler *c, location loc)
+{
+    fblockinfo *loop = NULL;
+    location origin_loc = loc;
+    /* Emit instruction with line number */
+    ADDOP(c, loc, NOP);
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_unwind_fblock_stack(c, &loc, 0, &loop));
+    if (loop == NULL) {
+        return _PyCompile_Error(c, origin_loc, "'break' outside loop");
+    }
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_unwind_fblock(c, &loc, loop, 0));
+    ADDOP_JUMP(c, loc, JUMP, loop->fb_exit);
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_continue(compiler *c, location loc)
+{
+    fblockinfo *loop = NULL;
+    location origin_loc = loc;
+    /* Emit instruction with line number */
+    ADDOP(c, loc, NOP);
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_unwind_fblock_stack(c, &loc, 0, &loop));
+    if (loop == NULL) {
+        return _PyCompile_Error(c, origin_loc, "'continue' not properly in loop");
+    }
+    ADDOP_JUMP(c, loc, JUMP, loop->fb_block);
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+
+/* Code generated for "try: <body> finally: <finalbody>" is as follows:
+
+        SETUP_FINALLY           L
+        <code for body>
+        POP_BLOCK
+        <code for finalbody>
+        JUMP E
+    L:
+        <code for finalbody>
+    E:
+
+   The special instructions use the block stack.  Each block
+   stack entry contains the instruction that created it (here
+   SETUP_FINALLY), the level of the value stack at the time the
+   block stack entry was created, and a label (here L).
+
+   SETUP_FINALLY:
+    Pushes the current value stack level and the label
+    onto the block stack.
+   POP_BLOCK:
+    Pops en entry from the block stack.
+
+   The block stack is unwound when an exception is raised:
+   when a SETUP_FINALLY entry is found, the raised and the caught
+   exceptions are pushed onto the value stack (and the exception
+   condition is cleared), and the interpreter jumps to the label
+   gotten from the block stack.
+*/
+
+static int
+codegen_try_finally(compiler *c, stmt_ty s)
+{
+    location loc = LOC(s);
+
+    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, body);
+    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, end);
+    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, exit);
+    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, cleanup);
+
+    /* `try` block */
+    ADDOP_JUMP(c, loc, SETUP_FINALLY, end);
+
+    USE_LABEL(c, body);
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(
+        _PyCompile_PushFBlock(c, loc, COMPILE_FBLOCK_FINALLY_TRY, body, end,
+                              s->v.Try.finalbody));
+
+    if (s->v.Try.handlers && asdl_seq_LEN(s->v.Try.handlers)) {
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_try_except(c, s));
+    }
+    else {
+        VISIT_SEQ(c, stmt, s->v.Try.body);
+    }
+    ADDOP(c, NO_LOCATION, POP_BLOCK);
+    _PyCompile_PopFBlock(c, COMPILE_FBLOCK_FINALLY_TRY, body);
+    VISIT_SEQ(c, stmt, s->v.Try.finalbody);
+
+    ADDOP_JUMP(c, NO_LOCATION, JUMP_NO_INTERRUPT, exit);
+    /* `finally` block */
+
+    USE_LABEL(c, end);
+
+    loc = NO_LOCATION;
+    ADDOP_JUMP(c, loc, SETUP_CLEANUP, cleanup);
+    ADDOP(c, loc, PUSH_EXC_INFO);
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(
+        _PyCompile_PushFBlock(c, loc, COMPILE_FBLOCK_FINALLY_END, end, NO_LABEL, NULL));
+    VISIT_SEQ(c, stmt, s->v.Try.finalbody);
+    _PyCompile_PopFBlock(c, COMPILE_FBLOCK_FINALLY_END, end);
+
+    loc = NO_LOCATION;
+    ADDOP_I(c, loc, RERAISE, 0);
+
+    USE_LABEL(c, cleanup);
+    POP_EXCEPT_AND_RERAISE(c, loc);
+
+    USE_LABEL(c, exit);
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_try_star_finally(compiler *c, stmt_ty s)
+{
+    location loc = LOC(s);
+
+    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, body);
+    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, end);
+    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, exit);
+    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, cleanup);
+    /* `try` block */
+    ADDOP_JUMP(c, loc, SETUP_FINALLY, end);
+
+    USE_LABEL(c, body);
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(
+        _PyCompile_PushFBlock(c, loc, COMPILE_FBLOCK_FINALLY_TRY, body, end,
+                              s->v.TryStar.finalbody));
+
+    if (s->v.TryStar.handlers && asdl_seq_LEN(s->v.TryStar.handlers)) {
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_try_star_except(c, s));
+    }
+    else {
+        VISIT_SEQ(c, stmt, s->v.TryStar.body);
+    }
+    ADDOP(c, NO_LOCATION, POP_BLOCK);
+    _PyCompile_PopFBlock(c, COMPILE_FBLOCK_FINALLY_TRY, body);
+    VISIT_SEQ(c, stmt, s->v.TryStar.finalbody);
+
+    ADDOP_JUMP(c, NO_LOCATION, JUMP_NO_INTERRUPT, exit);
+
+    /* `finally` block */
+    USE_LABEL(c, end);
+
+    loc = NO_LOCATION;
+    ADDOP_JUMP(c, loc, SETUP_CLEANUP, cleanup);
+    ADDOP(c, loc, PUSH_EXC_INFO);
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(
+        _PyCompile_PushFBlock(c, loc, COMPILE_FBLOCK_FINALLY_END, end, NO_LABEL, NULL));
+
+    VISIT_SEQ(c, stmt, s->v.TryStar.finalbody);
+
+    _PyCompile_PopFBlock(c, COMPILE_FBLOCK_FINALLY_END, end);
+    loc = NO_LOCATION;
+    ADDOP_I(c, loc, RERAISE, 0);
+
+    USE_LABEL(c, cleanup);
+    POP_EXCEPT_AND_RERAISE(c, loc);
+
+    USE_LABEL(c, exit);
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+
+/*
+   Code generated for "try: S except E1 as V1: S1 except E2 as V2: S2 ...":
+   (The contents of the value stack is shown in [], with the top
+   at the right; 'tb' is trace-back info, 'val' the exception's
+   associated value, and 'exc' the exception.)
+
+   Value stack          Label   Instruction     Argument
+   []                           SETUP_FINALLY   L1
+   []                           <code for S>
+   []                           POP_BLOCK
+   []                           JUMP            L0
+
+   [exc]                L1:     <evaluate E1>           )
+   [exc, E1]                    CHECK_EXC_MATCH         )
+   [exc, bool]                  POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE L2    ) only if E1
+   [exc]                        <assign to V1>  (or POP if no V1)
+   []                           <code for S1>
+                                JUMP            L0
+
+   [exc]                L2:     <evaluate E2>
+   .............................etc.......................
+
+   [exc]                Ln+1:   RERAISE     # re-raise exception
+
+   []                   L0:     <next statement>
+
+   Of course, parts are not generated if Vi or Ei is not present.
+*/
+static int
+codegen_try_except(compiler *c, stmt_ty s)
+{
+    location loc = LOC(s);
+    Py_ssize_t i, n;
+
+    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, body);
+    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, except);
+    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, end);
+    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, cleanup);
+
+    ADDOP_JUMP(c, loc, SETUP_FINALLY, except);
+
+    USE_LABEL(c, body);
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(
+        _PyCompile_PushFBlock(c, loc, COMPILE_FBLOCK_TRY_EXCEPT, body, NO_LABEL, NULL));
+    VISIT_SEQ(c, stmt, s->v.Try.body);
+    _PyCompile_PopFBlock(c, COMPILE_FBLOCK_TRY_EXCEPT, body);
+    ADDOP(c, NO_LOCATION, POP_BLOCK);
+    if (s->v.Try.orelse && asdl_seq_LEN(s->v.Try.orelse)) {
+        VISIT_SEQ(c, stmt, s->v.Try.orelse);
+    }
+    ADDOP_JUMP(c, NO_LOCATION, JUMP_NO_INTERRUPT, end);
+    n = asdl_seq_LEN(s->v.Try.handlers);
+
+    USE_LABEL(c, except);
+
+    ADDOP_JUMP(c, NO_LOCATION, SETUP_CLEANUP, cleanup);
+    ADDOP(c, NO_LOCATION, PUSH_EXC_INFO);
+
+    /* Runtime will push a block here, so we need to account for that */
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(
+        _PyCompile_PushFBlock(c, loc, COMPILE_FBLOCK_EXCEPTION_HANDLER,
+                              NO_LABEL, NO_LABEL, NULL));
+
+    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        excepthandler_ty handler = (excepthandler_ty)asdl_seq_GET(
+            s->v.Try.handlers, i);
+        location loc = LOC(handler);
+        if (!handler->v.ExceptHandler.type && i < n-1) {
+            return _PyCompile_Error(c, loc, "default 'except:' must be last");
+        }
+        NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, next_except);
+        except = next_except;
+        if (handler->v.ExceptHandler.type) {
+            VISIT(c, expr, handler->v.ExceptHandler.type);
+            ADDOP(c, loc, CHECK_EXC_MATCH);
+            ADDOP_JUMP(c, loc, POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE, except);
+        }
+        if (handler->v.ExceptHandler.name) {
+            NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, cleanup_end);
+            NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, cleanup_body);
+
+            RETURN_IF_ERROR(
+                codegen_nameop(c, loc, handler->v.ExceptHandler.name, Store));
+
+            /*
+              try:
+                  # body
+              except type as name:
+                  try:
+                      # body
+                  finally:
+                      name = None # in case body contains "del name"
+                      del name
+            */
+
+            /* second try: */
+            ADDOP_JUMP(c, loc, SETUP_CLEANUP, cleanup_end);
+
+            USE_LABEL(c, cleanup_body);
+            RETURN_IF_ERROR(
+                _PyCompile_PushFBlock(c, loc, COMPILE_FBLOCK_HANDLER_CLEANUP, cleanup_body,
+                                      NO_LABEL, handler->v.ExceptHandler.name));
+
+            /* second # body */
+            VISIT_SEQ(c, stmt, handler->v.ExceptHandler.body);
+            _PyCompile_PopFBlock(c, COMPILE_FBLOCK_HANDLER_CLEANUP, cleanup_body);
+            /* name = None; del name; # Mark as artificial */
+            ADDOP(c, NO_LOCATION, POP_BLOCK);
+            ADDOP(c, NO_LOCATION, POP_BLOCK);
+            ADDOP(c, NO_LOCATION, POP_EXCEPT);
+            ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, NO_LOCATION, Py_None);
+            RETURN_IF_ERROR(
+                codegen_nameop(c, NO_LOCATION, handler->v.ExceptHandler.name, Store));
+            RETURN_IF_ERROR(
+                codegen_nameop(c, NO_LOCATION, handler->v.ExceptHandler.name, Del));
+            ADDOP_JUMP(c, NO_LOCATION, JUMP_NO_INTERRUPT, end);
+
+            /* except: */
+            USE_LABEL(c, cleanup_end);
+
+            /* name = None; del name; # artificial */
+            ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, NO_LOCATION, Py_None);
+            RETURN_IF_ERROR(
+                codegen_nameop(c, NO_LOCATION, handler->v.ExceptHandler.name, Store));
+            RETURN_IF_ERROR(
+                codegen_nameop(c, NO_LOCATION, handler->v.ExceptHandler.name, Del));
+
+            ADDOP_I(c, NO_LOCATION, RERAISE, 1);
+        }
+        else {
+            NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, cleanup_body);
+
+            ADDOP(c, loc, POP_TOP); /* exc_value */
+
+            USE_LABEL(c, cleanup_body);
+            RETURN_IF_ERROR(
+                _PyCompile_PushFBlock(c, loc, COMPILE_FBLOCK_HANDLER_CLEANUP, cleanup_body,
+                                      NO_LABEL, NULL));
+
+            VISIT_SEQ(c, stmt, handler->v.ExceptHandler.body);
+            _PyCompile_PopFBlock(c, COMPILE_FBLOCK_HANDLER_CLEANUP, cleanup_body);
+            ADDOP(c, NO_LOCATION, POP_BLOCK);
+            ADDOP(c, NO_LOCATION, POP_EXCEPT);
+            ADDOP_JUMP(c, NO_LOCATION, JUMP_NO_INTERRUPT, end);
+        }
+
+        USE_LABEL(c, except);
+    }
+    /* artificial */
+    _PyCompile_PopFBlock(c, COMPILE_FBLOCK_EXCEPTION_HANDLER, NO_LABEL);
+    ADDOP_I(c, NO_LOCATION, RERAISE, 0);
+
+    USE_LABEL(c, cleanup);
+    POP_EXCEPT_AND_RERAISE(c, NO_LOCATION);
+
+    USE_LABEL(c, end);
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+/*
+   Code generated for "try: S except* E1 as V1: S1 except* E2 as V2: S2 ...":
+   (The contents of the value stack is shown in [], with the top
+   at the right; 'tb' is trace-back info, 'val' the exception instance,
+   and 'typ' the exception's type.)
+
+   Value stack                   Label         Instruction     Argument
+   []                                         SETUP_FINALLY         L1
+   []                                         <code for S>
+   []                                         POP_BLOCK
+   []                                         JUMP                  L0
+
+   [exc]                            L1:       BUILD_LIST   )  list for raised/reraised excs ("result")
+   [orig, res]                                COPY 2       )  make a copy of the original EG
+
+   [orig, res, exc]                           <evaluate E1>
+   [orig, res, exc, E1]                       CHECK_EG_MATCH
+   [orig, res, rest/exc, match?]              COPY 1
+   [orig, res, rest/exc, match?, match?]      POP_JUMP_IF_NONE      C1
+
+   [orig, res, rest, match]                   <assign to V1>  (or POP if no V1)
+
+   [orig, res, rest]                          SETUP_FINALLY         R1
+   [orig, res, rest]                          <code for S1>
+   [orig, res, rest]                          JUMP                  L2
+
+   [orig, res, rest, i, v]          R1:       LIST_APPEND   3 ) exc raised in except* body - add to res
+   [orig, res, rest, i]                       POP
+   [orig, res, rest]                          JUMP                  LE2
+
+   [orig, res, rest]                L2:       NOP  ) for lineno
+   [orig, res, rest]                          JUMP                  LE2
+
+   [orig, res, rest/exc, None]      C1:       POP
+
+   [orig, res, rest]               LE2:       <evaluate E2>
+   .............................etc.......................
+
+   [orig, res, rest]                Ln+1:     LIST_APPEND 1  ) add unhandled exc to res (could be None)
+
+   [orig, res]                                CALL_INTRINSIC_2 PREP_RERAISE_STAR
+   [exc]                                      COPY 1
+   [exc, exc]                                 POP_JUMP_IF_NOT_NONE  RER
+   [exc]                                      POP_TOP
+   []                                         JUMP                  L0
+
+   [exc]                            RER:      SWAP 2
+   [exc, prev_exc_info]                       POP_EXCEPT
+   [exc]                                      RERAISE               0
+
+   []                               L0:       <next statement>
+*/
+static int
+codegen_try_star_except(compiler *c, stmt_ty s)
+{
+    location loc = LOC(s);
+
+    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, body);
+    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, except);
+    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, orelse);
+    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, end);
+    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, cleanup);
+    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, reraise_star);
+
+    ADDOP_JUMP(c, loc, SETUP_FINALLY, except);
+
+    USE_LABEL(c, body);
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(
+        _PyCompile_PushFBlock(c, loc, COMPILE_FBLOCK_TRY_EXCEPT, body, NO_LABEL, NULL));
+    VISIT_SEQ(c, stmt, s->v.TryStar.body);
+    _PyCompile_PopFBlock(c, COMPILE_FBLOCK_TRY_EXCEPT, body);
+    ADDOP(c, NO_LOCATION, POP_BLOCK);
+    ADDOP_JUMP(c, NO_LOCATION, JUMP_NO_INTERRUPT, orelse);
+    Py_ssize_t n = asdl_seq_LEN(s->v.TryStar.handlers);
+
+    USE_LABEL(c, except);
+
+    ADDOP_JUMP(c, NO_LOCATION, SETUP_CLEANUP, cleanup);
+    ADDOP(c, NO_LOCATION, PUSH_EXC_INFO);
+
+    /* Runtime will push a block here, so we need to account for that */
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(
+        _PyCompile_PushFBlock(c, loc, COMPILE_FBLOCK_EXCEPTION_GROUP_HANDLER,
+                              NO_LABEL, NO_LABEL, "except handler"));
+
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        excepthandler_ty handler = (excepthandler_ty)asdl_seq_GET(
+            s->v.TryStar.handlers, i);
+        location loc = LOC(handler);
+        NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, next_except);
+        except = next_except;
+        NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, except_with_error);
+        NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, no_match);
+        if (i == 0) {
+            /* create empty list for exceptions raised/reraise in the except* blocks */
+            /*
+               [orig]       BUILD_LIST
+            */
+            /* Create a copy of the original EG */
+            /*
+               [orig, []]   COPY 2
+               [orig, [], exc]
+            */
+            ADDOP_I(c, loc, BUILD_LIST, 0);
+            ADDOP_I(c, loc, COPY, 2);
+        }
+        if (handler->v.ExceptHandler.type) {
+            VISIT(c, expr, handler->v.ExceptHandler.type);
+            ADDOP(c, loc, CHECK_EG_MATCH);
+            ADDOP_I(c, loc, COPY, 1);
+            ADDOP_JUMP(c, loc, POP_JUMP_IF_NONE, no_match);
+        }
+
+        NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, cleanup_end);
+        NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, cleanup_body);
+
+        if (handler->v.ExceptHandler.name) {
+            RETURN_IF_ERROR(
+                codegen_nameop(c, loc, handler->v.ExceptHandler.name, Store));
+        }
+        else {
+            ADDOP(c, loc, POP_TOP);  // match
+        }
+
+        /*
+          try:
+              # body
+          except type as name:
+              try:
+                  # body
+              finally:
+                  name = None # in case body contains "del name"
+                  del name
+        */
+        /* second try: */
+        ADDOP_JUMP(c, loc, SETUP_CLEANUP, cleanup_end);
+
+        USE_LABEL(c, cleanup_body);
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(
+            _PyCompile_PushFBlock(c, loc, COMPILE_FBLOCK_HANDLER_CLEANUP, cleanup_body,
+                                  NO_LABEL, handler->v.ExceptHandler.name));
+
+        /* second # body */
+        VISIT_SEQ(c, stmt, handler->v.ExceptHandler.body);
+        _PyCompile_PopFBlock(c, COMPILE_FBLOCK_HANDLER_CLEANUP, cleanup_body);
+        /* name = None; del name; # artificial */
+        ADDOP(c, NO_LOCATION, POP_BLOCK);
+        if (handler->v.ExceptHandler.name) {
+            ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, NO_LOCATION, Py_None);
+            RETURN_IF_ERROR(
+                codegen_nameop(c, NO_LOCATION, handler->v.ExceptHandler.name, Store));
+            RETURN_IF_ERROR(
+                codegen_nameop(c, NO_LOCATION, handler->v.ExceptHandler.name, Del));
+        }
+        ADDOP_JUMP(c, NO_LOCATION, JUMP_NO_INTERRUPT, except);
+
+        /* except: */
+        USE_LABEL(c, cleanup_end);
+
+        /* name = None; del name; # artificial */
+        if (handler->v.ExceptHandler.name) {
+            ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, NO_LOCATION, Py_None);
+            RETURN_IF_ERROR(
+                codegen_nameop(c, NO_LOCATION, handler->v.ExceptHandler.name, Store));
+            RETURN_IF_ERROR(
+                codegen_nameop(c, NO_LOCATION, handler->v.ExceptHandler.name, Del));
+        }
+
+        /* add exception raised to the res list */
+        ADDOP_I(c, NO_LOCATION, LIST_APPEND, 3); // exc
+        ADDOP(c, NO_LOCATION, POP_TOP); // lasti
+        ADDOP_JUMP(c, NO_LOCATION, JUMP_NO_INTERRUPT, except_with_error);
+
+        USE_LABEL(c, except);
+        ADDOP(c, NO_LOCATION, NOP);  // to hold a propagated location info
+        ADDOP_JUMP(c, NO_LOCATION, JUMP_NO_INTERRUPT, except_with_error);
+
+        USE_LABEL(c, no_match);
+        ADDOP(c, loc, POP_TOP);  // match (None)
+
+        USE_LABEL(c, except_with_error);
+
+        if (i == n - 1) {
+            /* Add exc to the list (if not None it's the unhandled part of the EG) */
+            ADDOP_I(c, NO_LOCATION, LIST_APPEND, 1);
+            ADDOP_JUMP(c, NO_LOCATION, JUMP_NO_INTERRUPT, reraise_star);
+        }
+    }
+    /* artificial */
+    _PyCompile_PopFBlock(c, COMPILE_FBLOCK_EXCEPTION_GROUP_HANDLER, NO_LABEL);
+    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, reraise);
+
+    USE_LABEL(c, reraise_star);
+    ADDOP_I(c, NO_LOCATION, CALL_INTRINSIC_2, INTRINSIC_PREP_RERAISE_STAR);
+    ADDOP_I(c, NO_LOCATION, COPY, 1);
+    ADDOP_JUMP(c, NO_LOCATION, POP_JUMP_IF_NOT_NONE, reraise);
+
+    /* Nothing to reraise */
+    ADDOP(c, NO_LOCATION, POP_TOP);
+    ADDOP(c, NO_LOCATION, POP_BLOCK);
+    ADDOP(c, NO_LOCATION, POP_EXCEPT);
+    ADDOP_JUMP(c, NO_LOCATION, JUMP_NO_INTERRUPT, end);
+
+    USE_LABEL(c, reraise);
+    ADDOP(c, NO_LOCATION, POP_BLOCK);
+    ADDOP_I(c, NO_LOCATION, SWAP, 2);
+    ADDOP(c, NO_LOCATION, POP_EXCEPT);
+    ADDOP_I(c, NO_LOCATION, RERAISE, 0);
+
+    USE_LABEL(c, cleanup);
+    POP_EXCEPT_AND_RERAISE(c, NO_LOCATION);
+
+    USE_LABEL(c, orelse);
+    VISIT_SEQ(c, stmt, s->v.TryStar.orelse);
+
+    USE_LABEL(c, end);
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_try(compiler *c, stmt_ty s) {
+    if (s->v.Try.finalbody && asdl_seq_LEN(s->v.Try.finalbody))
+        return codegen_try_finally(c, s);
+    else
+        return codegen_try_except(c, s);
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_try_star(compiler *c, stmt_ty s)
+{
+    if (s->v.TryStar.finalbody && asdl_seq_LEN(s->v.TryStar.finalbody)) {
+        return codegen_try_star_finally(c, s);
+    }
+    else {
+        return codegen_try_star_except(c, s);
+    }
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_import_as(compiler *c, location loc,
+                  identifier name, identifier asname)
+{
+    /* The IMPORT_NAME opcode was already generated.  This function
+       merely needs to bind the result to a name.
+
+       If there is a dot in name, we need to split it and emit a
+       IMPORT_FROM for each name.
+    */
+    Py_ssize_t len = PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(name);
+    Py_ssize_t dot = PyUnicode_FindChar(name, '.', 0, len, 1);
+    if (dot == -2) {
+        return ERROR;
+    }
+    if (dot != -1) {
+        /* Consume the base module name to get the first attribute */
+        while (1) {
+            Py_ssize_t pos = dot + 1;
+            PyObject *attr;
+            dot = PyUnicode_FindChar(name, '.', pos, len, 1);
+            if (dot == -2) {
+                return ERROR;
+            }
+            attr = PyUnicode_Substring(name, pos, (dot != -1) ? dot : len);
+            if (!attr) {
+                return ERROR;
+            }
+            ADDOP_N(c, loc, IMPORT_FROM, attr, names);
+            if (dot == -1) {
+                break;
+            }
+            ADDOP_I(c, loc, SWAP, 2);
+            ADDOP(c, loc, POP_TOP);
+        }
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_nameop(c, loc, asname, Store));
+        ADDOP(c, loc, POP_TOP);
+        return SUCCESS;
+    }
+    return codegen_nameop(c, loc, asname, Store);
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_import(compiler *c, stmt_ty s)
+{
+    location loc = LOC(s);
+    /* The Import node stores a module name like a.b.c as a single
+       string.  This is convenient for all cases except
+         import a.b.c as d
+       where we need to parse that string to extract the individual
+       module names.
+       XXX Perhaps change the representation to make this case simpler?
+     */
+    Py_ssize_t i, n = asdl_seq_LEN(s->v.Import.names);
+
+    PyObject *zero = _PyLong_GetZero();  // borrowed reference
+    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        alias_ty alias = (alias_ty)asdl_seq_GET(s->v.Import.names, i);
+        int r;
+
+        ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, loc, zero);
+        ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, loc, Py_None);
+        ADDOP_NAME(c, loc, IMPORT_NAME, alias->name, names);
+
+        if (alias->asname) {
+            r = codegen_import_as(c, loc, alias->name, alias->asname);
+            RETURN_IF_ERROR(r);
+        }
+        else {
+            identifier tmp = alias->name;
+            Py_ssize_t dot = PyUnicode_FindChar(
+                alias->name, '.', 0, PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(alias->name), 1);
+            if (dot != -1) {
+                tmp = PyUnicode_Substring(alias->name, 0, dot);
+                if (tmp == NULL) {
+                    return ERROR;
+                }
+            }
+            r = codegen_nameop(c, loc, tmp, Store);
+            if (dot != -1) {
+                Py_DECREF(tmp);
+            }
+            RETURN_IF_ERROR(r);
+        }
+    }
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_from_import(compiler *c, stmt_ty s)
+{
+    Py_ssize_t n = asdl_seq_LEN(s->v.ImportFrom.names);
+
+    ADDOP_LOAD_CONST_NEW(c, LOC(s), PyLong_FromLong(s->v.ImportFrom.level));
+
+    PyObject *names = PyTuple_New(n);
+    if (!names) {
+        return ERROR;
+    }
+
+    /* build up the names */
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        alias_ty alias = (alias_ty)asdl_seq_GET(s->v.ImportFrom.names, i);
+        PyTuple_SET_ITEM(names, i, Py_NewRef(alias->name));
+    }
+
+    ADDOP_LOAD_CONST_NEW(c, LOC(s), names);
+
+    if (s->v.ImportFrom.module) {
+        ADDOP_NAME(c, LOC(s), IMPORT_NAME, s->v.ImportFrom.module, names);
+    }
+    else {
+        _Py_DECLARE_STR(empty, "");
+        ADDOP_NAME(c, LOC(s), IMPORT_NAME, &_Py_STR(empty), names);
+    }
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        alias_ty alias = (alias_ty)asdl_seq_GET(s->v.ImportFrom.names, i);
+        identifier store_name;
+
+        if (i == 0 && PyUnicode_READ_CHAR(alias->name, 0) == '*') {
+            assert(n == 1);
+            ADDOP_I(c, LOC(s), CALL_INTRINSIC_1, INTRINSIC_IMPORT_STAR);
+            ADDOP(c, NO_LOCATION, POP_TOP);
+            return SUCCESS;
+        }
+
+        ADDOP_NAME(c, LOC(s), IMPORT_FROM, alias->name, names);
+        store_name = alias->name;
+        if (alias->asname) {
+            store_name = alias->asname;
+        }
+
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_nameop(c, LOC(s), store_name, Store));
+    }
+    /* remove imported module */
+    ADDOP(c, LOC(s), POP_TOP);
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_assert(compiler *c, stmt_ty s)
+{
+    /* Always emit a warning if the test is a non-zero length tuple */
+    if ((s->v.Assert.test->kind == Tuple_kind &&
+        asdl_seq_LEN(s->v.Assert.test->v.Tuple.elts) > 0) ||
+        (s->v.Assert.test->kind == Constant_kind &&
+         PyTuple_Check(s->v.Assert.test->v.Constant.value) &&
+         PyTuple_Size(s->v.Assert.test->v.Constant.value) > 0))
+    {
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(
+            _PyCompile_Warn(c, LOC(s), "assertion is always true, "
+                                       "perhaps remove parentheses?"));
+    }
+    if (OPTIMIZATION_LEVEL(c)) {
+        return SUCCESS;
+    }
+    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, end);
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_jump_if(c, LOC(s), s->v.Assert.test, end, 1));
+    ADDOP_I(c, LOC(s), LOAD_COMMON_CONSTANT, CONSTANT_ASSERTIONERROR);
+    if (s->v.Assert.msg) {
+        VISIT(c, expr, s->v.Assert.msg);
+        ADDOP_I(c, LOC(s), CALL, 0);
+    }
+    ADDOP_I(c, LOC(s->v.Assert.test), RAISE_VARARGS, 1);
+
+    USE_LABEL(c, end);
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_stmt_expr(compiler *c, location loc, expr_ty value)
+{
+    if (IS_INTERACTIVE_TOP_LEVEL(c)) {
+        VISIT(c, expr, value);
+        ADDOP_I(c, loc, CALL_INTRINSIC_1, INTRINSIC_PRINT);
+        ADDOP(c, NO_LOCATION, POP_TOP);
+        return SUCCESS;
+    }
+
+    if (value->kind == Constant_kind) {
+        /* ignore constant statement */
+        ADDOP(c, loc, NOP);
+        return SUCCESS;
+    }
+
+    VISIT(c, expr, value);
+    ADDOP(c, NO_LOCATION, POP_TOP); /* artificial */
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_visit_stmt(compiler *c, stmt_ty s)
+{
+
+    switch (s->kind) {
+    case FunctionDef_kind:
+        return codegen_function(c, s, 0);
+    case ClassDef_kind:
+        return codegen_class(c, s);
+    case TypeAlias_kind:
+        return codegen_typealias(c, s);
+    case Return_kind:
+        return codegen_return(c, s);
+    case Delete_kind:
+        VISIT_SEQ(c, expr, s->v.Delete.targets)
+        break;
+    case Assign_kind:
+    {
+        Py_ssize_t n = asdl_seq_LEN(s->v.Assign.targets);
+        VISIT(c, expr, s->v.Assign.value);
+        for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+            if (i < n - 1) {
+                ADDOP_I(c, LOC(s), COPY, 1);
+            }
+            VISIT(c, expr,
+                  (expr_ty)asdl_seq_GET(s->v.Assign.targets, i));
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+    case AugAssign_kind:
+        return codegen_augassign(c, s);
+    case AnnAssign_kind:
+        return codegen_annassign(c, s);
+    case For_kind:
+        return codegen_for(c, s);
+    case While_kind:
+        return codegen_while(c, s);
+    case If_kind:
+        return codegen_if(c, s);
+    case Match_kind:
+        return codegen_match(c, s);
+    case Raise_kind:
+    {
+        Py_ssize_t n = 0;
+        if (s->v.Raise.exc) {
+            VISIT(c, expr, s->v.Raise.exc);
+            n++;
+            if (s->v.Raise.cause) {
+                VISIT(c, expr, s->v.Raise.cause);
+                n++;
+            }
+        }
+        ADDOP_I(c, LOC(s), RAISE_VARARGS, (int)n);
+        break;
+    }
+    case Try_kind:
+        return codegen_try(c, s);
+    case TryStar_kind:
+        return codegen_try_star(c, s);
+    case Assert_kind:
+        return codegen_assert(c, s);
+    case Import_kind:
+        return codegen_import(c, s);
+    case ImportFrom_kind:
+        return codegen_from_import(c, s);
+    case Global_kind:
+    case Nonlocal_kind:
+        break;
+    case Expr_kind:
+    {
+        return codegen_stmt_expr(c, LOC(s), s->v.Expr.value);
+    }
+    case Pass_kind:
+    {
+        ADDOP(c, LOC(s), NOP);
+        break;
+    }
+    case Break_kind:
+    {
+        return codegen_break(c, LOC(s));
+    }
+    case Continue_kind:
+    {
+        return codegen_continue(c, LOC(s));
+    }
+    case With_kind:
+        return codegen_with(c, s, 0);
+    case AsyncFunctionDef_kind:
+        return codegen_function(c, s, 1);
+    case AsyncWith_kind:
+        return codegen_async_with(c, s, 0);
+    case AsyncFor_kind:
+        return codegen_async_for(c, s);
+    }
+
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+unaryop(unaryop_ty op)
+{
+    switch (op) {
+    case Invert:
+        return UNARY_INVERT;
+    case USub:
+        return UNARY_NEGATIVE;
+    default:
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_SystemError,
+            "unary op %d should not be possible", op);
+        return 0;
+    }
+}
+
+static int
+addop_binary(compiler *c, location loc, operator_ty binop,
+             bool inplace)
+{
+    int oparg;
+    switch (binop) {
+        case Add:
+            oparg = inplace ? NB_INPLACE_ADD : NB_ADD;
+            break;
+        case Sub:
+            oparg = inplace ? NB_INPLACE_SUBTRACT : NB_SUBTRACT;
+            break;
+        case Mult:
+            oparg = inplace ? NB_INPLACE_MULTIPLY : NB_MULTIPLY;
+            break;
+        case MatMult:
+            oparg = inplace ? NB_INPLACE_MATRIX_MULTIPLY : NB_MATRIX_MULTIPLY;
+            break;
+        case Div:
+            oparg = inplace ? NB_INPLACE_TRUE_DIVIDE : NB_TRUE_DIVIDE;
+            break;
+        case Mod:
+            oparg = inplace ? NB_INPLACE_REMAINDER : NB_REMAINDER;
+            break;
+        case Pow:
+            oparg = inplace ? NB_INPLACE_POWER : NB_POWER;
+            break;
+        case LShift:
+            oparg = inplace ? NB_INPLACE_LSHIFT : NB_LSHIFT;
+            break;
+        case RShift:
+            oparg = inplace ? NB_INPLACE_RSHIFT : NB_RSHIFT;
+            break;
+        case BitOr:
+            oparg = inplace ? NB_INPLACE_OR : NB_OR;
+            break;
+        case BitXor:
+            oparg = inplace ? NB_INPLACE_XOR : NB_XOR;
+            break;
+        case BitAnd:
+            oparg = inplace ? NB_INPLACE_AND : NB_AND;
+            break;
+        case FloorDiv:
+            oparg = inplace ? NB_INPLACE_FLOOR_DIVIDE : NB_FLOOR_DIVIDE;
+            break;
+        default:
+            PyErr_Format(PyExc_SystemError, "%s op %d should not be possible",
+                         inplace ? "inplace" : "binary", binop);
+            return ERROR;
+    }
+    ADDOP_I(c, loc, BINARY_OP, oparg);
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+
+static int
+codegen_addop_yield(compiler *c, location loc) {
+    PySTEntryObject *ste = SYMTABLE_ENTRY(c);
+    if (ste->ste_generator && ste->ste_coroutine) {
+        ADDOP_I(c, loc, CALL_INTRINSIC_1, INTRINSIC_ASYNC_GEN_WRAP);
+    }
+    ADDOP_I(c, loc, YIELD_VALUE, 0);
+    ADDOP_I(c, loc, RESUME, RESUME_AFTER_YIELD);
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_load_classdict_freevar(compiler *c, location loc)
+{
+    ADDOP_N(c, loc, LOAD_DEREF, &_Py_ID(__classdict__), freevars);
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_nameop(compiler *c, location loc,
+               identifier name, expr_context_ty ctx)
+{
+    assert(!_PyUnicode_EqualToASCIIString(name, "None") &&
+           !_PyUnicode_EqualToASCIIString(name, "True") &&
+           !_PyUnicode_EqualToASCIIString(name, "False"));
+
+    PyObject *mangled = _PyCompile_MaybeMangle(c, name);
+    if (!mangled) {
+        return ERROR;
+    }
+
+    int scope = _PyST_GetScope(SYMTABLE_ENTRY(c), mangled);
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(scope);
+    _PyCompile_optype optype;
+    Py_ssize_t arg = 0;
+    if (_PyCompile_ResolveNameop(c, mangled, scope, &optype, &arg) < 0) {
+        Py_DECREF(mangled);
+        return ERROR;
+    }
+
+    /* XXX Leave assert here, but handle __doc__ and the like better */
+    assert(scope || PyUnicode_READ_CHAR(name, 0) == '_');
+
+    int op = 0;
+    switch (optype) {
+    case COMPILE_OP_DEREF:
+        switch (ctx) {
+        case Load:
+            if (SYMTABLE_ENTRY(c)->ste_type == ClassBlock && !_PyCompile_IsInInlinedComp(c)) {
+                op = LOAD_FROM_DICT_OR_DEREF;
+                // First load the locals
+                if (codegen_addop_noarg(INSTR_SEQUENCE(c), LOAD_LOCALS, loc) < 0) {
+                    goto error;
+                }
+            }
+            else if (SYMTABLE_ENTRY(c)->ste_can_see_class_scope) {
+                op = LOAD_FROM_DICT_OR_DEREF;
+                // First load the classdict
+                if (codegen_load_classdict_freevar(c, loc) < 0) {
+                    goto error;
+                }
+            }
+            else {
+                op = LOAD_DEREF;
+            }
+            break;
+        case Store: op = STORE_DEREF; break;
+        case Del: op = DELETE_DEREF; break;
+        }
+        break;
+    case COMPILE_OP_FAST:
+        switch (ctx) {
+        case Load: op = LOAD_FAST; break;
+        case Store: op = STORE_FAST; break;
+        case Del: op = DELETE_FAST; break;
+        }
+        ADDOP_N(c, loc, op, mangled, varnames);
+        return SUCCESS;
+    case COMPILE_OP_GLOBAL:
+        switch (ctx) {
+        case Load:
+            if (SYMTABLE_ENTRY(c)->ste_can_see_class_scope && scope == GLOBAL_IMPLICIT) {
+                op = LOAD_FROM_DICT_OR_GLOBALS;
+                // First load the classdict
+                if (codegen_load_classdict_freevar(c, loc) < 0) {
+                    goto error;
+                }
+            } else {
+                op = LOAD_GLOBAL;
+            }
+            break;
+        case Store: op = STORE_GLOBAL; break;
+        case Del: op = DELETE_GLOBAL; break;
+        }
+        break;
+    case COMPILE_OP_NAME:
+        switch (ctx) {
+        case Load:
+            op = (SYMTABLE_ENTRY(c)->ste_type == ClassBlock
+                    && _PyCompile_IsInInlinedComp(c))
+                ? LOAD_GLOBAL
+                : LOAD_NAME;
+            break;
+        case Store: op = STORE_NAME; break;
+        case Del: op = DELETE_NAME; break;
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+
+    assert(op);
+    Py_DECREF(mangled);
+    if (op == LOAD_GLOBAL) {
+        arg <<= 1;
+    }
+    ADDOP_I(c, loc, op, arg);
+    return SUCCESS;
+
+error:
+    Py_DECREF(mangled);
+    return ERROR;
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_boolop(compiler *c, expr_ty e)
+{
+    int jumpi;
+    Py_ssize_t i, n;
+    asdl_expr_seq *s;
+
+    location loc = LOC(e);
+    assert(e->kind == BoolOp_kind);
+    if (e->v.BoolOp.op == And)
+        jumpi = JUMP_IF_FALSE;
+    else
+        jumpi = JUMP_IF_TRUE;
+    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, end);
+    s = e->v.BoolOp.values;
+    n = asdl_seq_LEN(s) - 1;
+    assert(n >= 0);
+    for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+        VISIT(c, expr, (expr_ty)asdl_seq_GET(s, i));
+        ADDOP_JUMP(c, loc, jumpi, end);
+        ADDOP(c, loc, POP_TOP);
+    }
+    VISIT(c, expr, (expr_ty)asdl_seq_GET(s, n));
+
+    USE_LABEL(c, end);
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+starunpack_helper_impl(compiler *c, location loc,
+                       asdl_expr_seq *elts, PyObject *injected_arg, int pushed,
+                       int build, int add, int extend, int tuple)
+{
+    Py_ssize_t n = asdl_seq_LEN(elts);
+    if (!injected_arg && n > 2 && are_all_items_const(elts, 0, n)) {
+        PyObject *folded = PyTuple_New(n);
+        if (folded == NULL) {
+            return ERROR;
+        }
+        for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+            PyObject *val = ((expr_ty)asdl_seq_GET(elts, i))->v.Constant.value;
+            PyTuple_SET_ITEM(folded, i, Py_NewRef(val));
+        }
+        if (tuple && !pushed) {
+            ADDOP_LOAD_CONST_NEW(c, loc, folded);
+        } else {
+            if (add == SET_ADD) {
+                Py_SETREF(folded, PyFrozenSet_New(folded));
+                if (folded == NULL) {
+                    return ERROR;
+                }
+            }
+            ADDOP_I(c, loc, build, pushed);
+            ADDOP_LOAD_CONST_NEW(c, loc, folded);
+            ADDOP_I(c, loc, extend, 1);
+            if (tuple) {
+                ADDOP_I(c, loc, CALL_INTRINSIC_1, INTRINSIC_LIST_TO_TUPLE);
+            }
+        }
+        return SUCCESS;
+    }
+
+    int big = n + pushed + (injected_arg ? 1 : 0) > STACK_USE_GUIDELINE;
+    int seen_star = 0;
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        expr_ty elt = asdl_seq_GET(elts, i);
+        if (elt->kind == Starred_kind) {
+            seen_star = 1;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    if (!seen_star && !big) {
+        for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+            expr_ty elt = asdl_seq_GET(elts, i);
+            VISIT(c, expr, elt);
+        }
+        if (injected_arg) {
+            RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_nameop(c, loc, injected_arg, Load));
+            n++;
+        }
+        if (tuple) {
+            ADDOP_I(c, loc, BUILD_TUPLE, n+pushed);
+        } else {
+            ADDOP_I(c, loc, build, n+pushed);
+        }
+        return SUCCESS;
+    }
+    int sequence_built = 0;
+    if (big) {
+        ADDOP_I(c, loc, build, pushed);
+        sequence_built = 1;
+    }
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        expr_ty elt = asdl_seq_GET(elts, i);
+        if (elt->kind == Starred_kind) {
+            if (sequence_built == 0) {
+                ADDOP_I(c, loc, build, i+pushed);
+                sequence_built = 1;
+            }
+            VISIT(c, expr, elt->v.Starred.value);
+            ADDOP_I(c, loc, extend, 1);
+        }
+        else {
+            VISIT(c, expr, elt);
+            if (sequence_built) {
+                ADDOP_I(c, loc, add, 1);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    assert(sequence_built);
+    if (injected_arg) {
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_nameop(c, loc, injected_arg, Load));
+        ADDOP_I(c, loc, add, 1);
+    }
+    if (tuple) {
+        ADDOP_I(c, loc, CALL_INTRINSIC_1, INTRINSIC_LIST_TO_TUPLE);
+    }
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+starunpack_helper(compiler *c, location loc,
+                  asdl_expr_seq *elts, int pushed,
+                  int build, int add, int extend, int tuple)
+{
+    return starunpack_helper_impl(c, loc, elts, NULL, pushed,
+                                  build, add, extend, tuple);
+}
+
+static int
+unpack_helper(compiler *c, location loc, asdl_expr_seq *elts)
+{
+    Py_ssize_t n = asdl_seq_LEN(elts);
+    int seen_star = 0;
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        expr_ty elt = asdl_seq_GET(elts, i);
+        if (elt->kind == Starred_kind && !seen_star) {
+            if ((i >= (1 << 8)) ||
+                (n-i-1 >= (INT_MAX >> 8))) {
+                return _PyCompile_Error(c, loc,
+                    "too many expressions in "
+                    "star-unpacking assignment");
+            }
+            ADDOP_I(c, loc, UNPACK_EX, (i + ((n-i-1) << 8)));
+            seen_star = 1;
+        }
+        else if (elt->kind == Starred_kind) {
+            return _PyCompile_Error(c, loc,
+                "multiple starred expressions in assignment");
+        }
+    }
+    if (!seen_star) {
+        ADDOP_I(c, loc, UNPACK_SEQUENCE, n);
+    }
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+assignment_helper(compiler *c, location loc, asdl_expr_seq *elts)
+{
+    Py_ssize_t n = asdl_seq_LEN(elts);
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(unpack_helper(c, loc, elts));
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        expr_ty elt = asdl_seq_GET(elts, i);
+        VISIT(c, expr, elt->kind != Starred_kind ? elt : elt->v.Starred.value);
+    }
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_list(compiler *c, expr_ty e)
+{
+    location loc = LOC(e);
+    asdl_expr_seq *elts = e->v.List.elts;
+    if (e->v.List.ctx == Store) {
+        return assignment_helper(c, loc, elts);
+    }
+    else if (e->v.List.ctx == Load) {
+        return starunpack_helper(c, loc, elts, 0,
+                                 BUILD_LIST, LIST_APPEND, LIST_EXTEND, 0);
+    }
+    else {
+        VISIT_SEQ(c, expr, elts);
+    }
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_tuple(compiler *c, expr_ty e)
+{
+    location loc = LOC(e);
+    asdl_expr_seq *elts = e->v.Tuple.elts;
+    if (e->v.Tuple.ctx == Store) {
+        return assignment_helper(c, loc, elts);
+    }
+    else if (e->v.Tuple.ctx == Load) {
+        return starunpack_helper(c, loc, elts, 0,
+                                 BUILD_LIST, LIST_APPEND, LIST_EXTEND, 1);
+    }
+    else {
+        VISIT_SEQ(c, expr, elts);
+    }
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_set(compiler *c, expr_ty e)
+{
+    location loc = LOC(e);
+    return starunpack_helper(c, loc, e->v.Set.elts, 0,
+                             BUILD_SET, SET_ADD, SET_UPDATE, 0);
+}
+
+static bool
+are_all_items_const(asdl_expr_seq *seq, Py_ssize_t begin, Py_ssize_t end)
+{
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = begin; i < end; i++) {
+        expr_ty key = (expr_ty)asdl_seq_GET(seq, i);
+        if (key == NULL || key->kind != Constant_kind) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_subdict(compiler *c, expr_ty e, Py_ssize_t begin, Py_ssize_t end)
+{
+    Py_ssize_t i, n = end - begin;
+    int big = n*2 > STACK_USE_GUIDELINE;
+    location loc = LOC(e);
+    if (big) {
+        ADDOP_I(c, loc, BUILD_MAP, 0);
+    }
+    for (i = begin; i < end; i++) {
+        VISIT(c, expr, (expr_ty)asdl_seq_GET(e->v.Dict.keys, i));
+        VISIT(c, expr, (expr_ty)asdl_seq_GET(e->v.Dict.values, i));
+        if (big) {
+            ADDOP_I(c, loc, MAP_ADD, 1);
+        }
+    }
+    if (!big) {
+        ADDOP_I(c, loc, BUILD_MAP, n);
+    }
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_dict(compiler *c, expr_ty e)
+{
+    location loc = LOC(e);
+    Py_ssize_t i, n, elements;
+    int have_dict;
+    int is_unpacking = 0;
+    n = asdl_seq_LEN(e->v.Dict.values);
+    have_dict = 0;
+    elements = 0;
+    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        is_unpacking = (expr_ty)asdl_seq_GET(e->v.Dict.keys, i) == NULL;
+        if (is_unpacking) {
+            if (elements) {
+                RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_subdict(c, e, i - elements, i));
+                if (have_dict) {
+                    ADDOP_I(c, loc, DICT_UPDATE, 1);
+                }
+                have_dict = 1;
+                elements = 0;
+            }
+            if (have_dict == 0) {
+                ADDOP_I(c, loc, BUILD_MAP, 0);
+                have_dict = 1;
+            }
+            VISIT(c, expr, (expr_ty)asdl_seq_GET(e->v.Dict.values, i));
+            ADDOP_I(c, loc, DICT_UPDATE, 1);
+        }
+        else {
+            if (elements*2 > STACK_USE_GUIDELINE) {
+                RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_subdict(c, e, i - elements, i + 1));
+                if (have_dict) {
+                    ADDOP_I(c, loc, DICT_UPDATE, 1);
+                }
+                have_dict = 1;
+                elements = 0;
+            }
+            else {
+                elements++;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if (elements) {
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_subdict(c, e, n - elements, n));
+        if (have_dict) {
+            ADDOP_I(c, loc, DICT_UPDATE, 1);
+        }
+        have_dict = 1;
+    }
+    if (!have_dict) {
+        ADDOP_I(c, loc, BUILD_MAP, 0);
+    }
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_compare(compiler *c, expr_ty e)
+{
+    location loc = LOC(e);
+    Py_ssize_t i, n;
+
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_check_compare(c, e));
+    VISIT(c, expr, e->v.Compare.left);
+    assert(asdl_seq_LEN(e->v.Compare.ops) > 0);
+    n = asdl_seq_LEN(e->v.Compare.ops) - 1;
+    if (n == 0) {
+        VISIT(c, expr, (expr_ty)asdl_seq_GET(e->v.Compare.comparators, 0));
+        ADDOP_COMPARE(c, loc, asdl_seq_GET(e->v.Compare.ops, 0));
+    }
+    else {
+        NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, cleanup);
+        for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+            VISIT(c, expr,
+                (expr_ty)asdl_seq_GET(e->v.Compare.comparators, i));
+            ADDOP_I(c, loc, SWAP, 2);
+            ADDOP_I(c, loc, COPY, 2);
+            ADDOP_COMPARE(c, loc, asdl_seq_GET(e->v.Compare.ops, i));
+            ADDOP_I(c, loc, COPY, 1);
+            ADDOP(c, loc, TO_BOOL);
+            ADDOP_JUMP(c, loc, POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE, cleanup);
+            ADDOP(c, loc, POP_TOP);
+        }
+        VISIT(c, expr, (expr_ty)asdl_seq_GET(e->v.Compare.comparators, n));
+        ADDOP_COMPARE(c, loc, asdl_seq_GET(e->v.Compare.ops, n));
+        NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, end);
+        ADDOP_JUMP(c, NO_LOCATION, JUMP_NO_INTERRUPT, end);
+
+        USE_LABEL(c, cleanup);
+        ADDOP_I(c, loc, SWAP, 2);
+        ADDOP(c, loc, POP_TOP);
+
+        USE_LABEL(c, end);
+    }
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static PyTypeObject *
+infer_type(expr_ty e)
+{
+    switch (e->kind) {
+    case Tuple_kind:
+        return &PyTuple_Type;
+    case List_kind:
+    case ListComp_kind:
+        return &PyList_Type;
+    case Dict_kind:
+    case DictComp_kind:
+        return &PyDict_Type;
+    case Set_kind:
+    case SetComp_kind:
+        return &PySet_Type;
+    case GeneratorExp_kind:
+        return &PyGen_Type;
+    case Lambda_kind:
+        return &PyFunction_Type;
+    case JoinedStr_kind:
+    case FormattedValue_kind:
+        return &PyUnicode_Type;
+    case Constant_kind:
+        return Py_TYPE(e->v.Constant.value);
+    default:
+        return NULL;
+    }
+}
+
+static int
+check_caller(compiler *c, expr_ty e)
+{
+    switch (e->kind) {
+    case Constant_kind:
+    case Tuple_kind:
+    case List_kind:
+    case ListComp_kind:
+    case Dict_kind:
+    case DictComp_kind:
+    case Set_kind:
+    case SetComp_kind:
+    case GeneratorExp_kind:
+    case JoinedStr_kind:
+    case FormattedValue_kind: {
+        location loc = LOC(e);
+        return _PyCompile_Warn(c, loc, "'%.200s' object is not callable; "
+                                       "perhaps you missed a comma?",
+                                       infer_type(e)->tp_name);
+    }
+    default:
+        return SUCCESS;
+    }
+}
+
+static int
+check_subscripter(compiler *c, expr_ty e)
+{
+    PyObject *v;
+
+    switch (e->kind) {
+    case Constant_kind:
+        v = e->v.Constant.value;
+        if (!(v == Py_None || v == Py_Ellipsis ||
+              PyLong_Check(v) || PyFloat_Check(v) || PyComplex_Check(v) ||
+              PyAnySet_Check(v)))
+        {
+            return SUCCESS;
+        }
+        _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
+    case Set_kind:
+    case SetComp_kind:
+    case GeneratorExp_kind:
+    case Lambda_kind: {
+        location loc = LOC(e);
+        return _PyCompile_Warn(c, loc, "'%.200s' object is not subscriptable; "
+                                       "perhaps you missed a comma?",
+                                       infer_type(e)->tp_name);
+    }
+    default:
+        return SUCCESS;
+    }
+}
+
+static int
+check_index(compiler *c, expr_ty e, expr_ty s)
+{
+    PyObject *v;
+
+    PyTypeObject *index_type = infer_type(s);
+    if (index_type == NULL
+        || PyType_FastSubclass(index_type, Py_TPFLAGS_LONG_SUBCLASS)
+        || index_type == &PySlice_Type) {
+        return SUCCESS;
+    }
+
+    switch (e->kind) {
+    case Constant_kind:
+        v = e->v.Constant.value;
+        if (!(PyUnicode_Check(v) || PyBytes_Check(v) || PyTuple_Check(v))) {
+            return SUCCESS;
+        }
+        _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
+    case Tuple_kind:
+    case List_kind:
+    case ListComp_kind:
+    case JoinedStr_kind:
+    case FormattedValue_kind: {
+        location loc = LOC(e);
+        return _PyCompile_Warn(c, loc, "%.200s indices must be integers "
+                                       "or slices, not %.200s; "
+                                       "perhaps you missed a comma?",
+                                       infer_type(e)->tp_name,
+                                       index_type->tp_name);
+    }
+    default:
+        return SUCCESS;
+    }
+}
+
+static int
+is_import_originated(compiler *c, expr_ty e)
+{
+    /* Check whether the global scope has an import named
+     e, if it is a Name object. For not traversing all the
+     scope stack every time this function is called, it will
+     only check the global scope to determine whether something
+     is imported or not. */
+
+    if (e->kind != Name_kind) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    long flags = _PyST_GetSymbol(SYMTABLE(c)->st_top, e->v.Name.id);
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(flags);
+    return flags & DEF_IMPORT;
+}
+
+static int
+can_optimize_super_call(compiler *c, expr_ty attr)
+{
+    expr_ty e = attr->v.Attribute.value;
+    if (e->kind != Call_kind ||
+        e->v.Call.func->kind != Name_kind ||
+        !_PyUnicode_EqualToASCIIString(e->v.Call.func->v.Name.id, "super") ||
+        _PyUnicode_EqualToASCIIString(attr->v.Attribute.attr, "__class__") ||
+        asdl_seq_LEN(e->v.Call.keywords) != 0) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    Py_ssize_t num_args = asdl_seq_LEN(e->v.Call.args);
+
+    PyObject *super_name = e->v.Call.func->v.Name.id;
+    // detect statically-visible shadowing of 'super' name
+    int scope = _PyST_GetScope(SYMTABLE_ENTRY(c), super_name);
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(scope);
+    if (scope != GLOBAL_IMPLICIT) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    scope = _PyST_GetScope(SYMTABLE(c)->st_top, super_name);
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(scope);
+    if (scope != 0) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    if (num_args == 2) {
+        for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < num_args; i++) {
+            expr_ty elt = asdl_seq_GET(e->v.Call.args, i);
+            if (elt->kind == Starred_kind) {
+                return 0;
+            }
+        }
+        // exactly two non-starred args; we can just load
+        // the provided args
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    if (num_args != 0) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    // we need the following for zero-arg super():
+
+    // enclosing function should have at least one argument
+    if (METADATA(c)->u_argcount == 0 &&
+        METADATA(c)->u_posonlyargcount == 0) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    // __class__ cell should be available
+    if (_PyCompile_GetRefType(c, &_Py_ID(__class__)) == FREE) {
+        return 1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+load_args_for_super(compiler *c, expr_ty e) {
+    location loc = LOC(e);
+
+    // load super() global
+    PyObject *super_name = e->v.Call.func->v.Name.id;
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_nameop(c, LOC(e->v.Call.func), super_name, Load));
+
+    if (asdl_seq_LEN(e->v.Call.args) == 2) {
+        VISIT(c, expr, asdl_seq_GET(e->v.Call.args, 0));
+        VISIT(c, expr, asdl_seq_GET(e->v.Call.args, 1));
+        return SUCCESS;
+    }
+
+    // load __class__ cell
+    PyObject *name = &_Py_ID(__class__);
+    assert(_PyCompile_GetRefType(c, name) == FREE);
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_nameop(c, loc, name, Load));
+
+    // load self (first argument)
+    Py_ssize_t i = 0;
+    PyObject *key, *value;
+    if (!PyDict_Next(METADATA(c)->u_varnames, &i, &key, &value)) {
+        return ERROR;
+    }
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_nameop(c, loc, key, Load));
+
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+// If an attribute access spans multiple lines, update the current start
+// location to point to the attribute name.
+static location
+update_start_location_to_match_attr(compiler *c, location loc,
+                                    expr_ty attr)
+{
+    assert(attr->kind == Attribute_kind);
+    if (loc.lineno != attr->end_lineno) {
+        loc.lineno = attr->end_lineno;
+        int len = (int)PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(attr->v.Attribute.attr);
+        if (len <= attr->end_col_offset) {
+            loc.col_offset = attr->end_col_offset - len;
+        }
+        else {
+            // GH-94694: Somebody's compiling weird ASTs. Just drop the columns:
+            loc.col_offset = -1;
+            loc.end_col_offset = -1;
+        }
+        // Make sure the end position still follows the start position, even for
+        // weird ASTs:
+        loc.end_lineno = Py_MAX(loc.lineno, loc.end_lineno);
+        if (loc.lineno == loc.end_lineno) {
+            loc.end_col_offset = Py_MAX(loc.col_offset, loc.end_col_offset);
+        }
+    }
+    return loc;
+}
+
+// Return 1 if the method call was optimized, 0 if not, and -1 on error.
+static int
+maybe_optimize_method_call(compiler *c, expr_ty e)
+{
+    Py_ssize_t argsl, i, kwdsl;
+    expr_ty meth = e->v.Call.func;
+    asdl_expr_seq *args = e->v.Call.args;
+    asdl_keyword_seq *kwds = e->v.Call.keywords;
+
+    /* Check that the call node is an attribute access */
+    if (meth->kind != Attribute_kind || meth->v.Attribute.ctx != Load) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    /* Check that the base object is not something that is imported */
+    int ret = is_import_originated(c, meth->v.Attribute.value);
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(ret);
+    if (ret) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    /* Check that there aren't too many arguments */
+    argsl = asdl_seq_LEN(args);
+    kwdsl = asdl_seq_LEN(kwds);
+    if (argsl + kwdsl + (kwdsl != 0) >= STACK_USE_GUIDELINE) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    /* Check that there are no *varargs types of arguments. */
+    for (i = 0; i < argsl; i++) {
+        expr_ty elt = asdl_seq_GET(args, i);
+        if (elt->kind == Starred_kind) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    for (i = 0; i < kwdsl; i++) {
+        keyword_ty kw = asdl_seq_GET(kwds, i);
+        if (kw->arg == NULL) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* Alright, we can optimize the code. */
+    location loc = LOC(meth);
+
+    ret = can_optimize_super_call(c, meth);
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(ret);
+    if (ret) {
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(load_args_for_super(c, meth->v.Attribute.value));
+        int opcode = asdl_seq_LEN(meth->v.Attribute.value->v.Call.args) ?
+            LOAD_SUPER_METHOD : LOAD_ZERO_SUPER_METHOD;
+        ADDOP_NAME(c, loc, opcode, meth->v.Attribute.attr, names);
+        loc = update_start_location_to_match_attr(c, loc, meth);
+        ADDOP(c, loc, NOP);
+    } else {
+        VISIT(c, expr, meth->v.Attribute.value);
+        loc = update_start_location_to_match_attr(c, loc, meth);
+        ADDOP_NAME(c, loc, LOAD_METHOD, meth->v.Attribute.attr, names);
+    }
+
+    VISIT_SEQ(c, expr, e->v.Call.args);
+
+    if (kwdsl) {
+        VISIT_SEQ(c, keyword, kwds);
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(
+            codegen_call_simple_kw_helper(c, loc, kwds, kwdsl));
+        loc = update_start_location_to_match_attr(c, LOC(e), meth);
+        ADDOP_I(c, loc, CALL_KW, argsl + kwdsl);
+    }
+    else {
+        loc = update_start_location_to_match_attr(c, LOC(e), meth);
+        ADDOP_I(c, loc, CALL, argsl);
+    }
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_validate_keywords(compiler *c, asdl_keyword_seq *keywords)
+{
+    Py_ssize_t nkeywords = asdl_seq_LEN(keywords);
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < nkeywords; i++) {
+        keyword_ty key = ((keyword_ty)asdl_seq_GET(keywords, i));
+        if (key->arg == NULL) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        for (Py_ssize_t j = i + 1; j < nkeywords; j++) {
+            keyword_ty other = ((keyword_ty)asdl_seq_GET(keywords, j));
+            if (other->arg && !PyUnicode_Compare(key->arg, other->arg)) {
+                return _PyCompile_Error(c, LOC(other), "keyword argument repeated: %U", key->arg);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_call(compiler *c, expr_ty e)
+{
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_validate_keywords(c, e->v.Call.keywords));
+    int ret = maybe_optimize_method_call(c, e);
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        return ERROR;
+    }
+    if (ret == 1) {
+        return SUCCESS;
+    }
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(check_caller(c, e->v.Call.func));
+    VISIT(c, expr, e->v.Call.func);
+    location loc = LOC(e->v.Call.func);
+    ADDOP(c, loc, PUSH_NULL);
+    loc = LOC(e);
+    return codegen_call_helper(c, loc, 0,
+                               e->v.Call.args,
+                               e->v.Call.keywords);
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_joined_str(compiler *c, expr_ty e)
+{
+    location loc = LOC(e);
+    Py_ssize_t value_count = asdl_seq_LEN(e->v.JoinedStr.values);
+    if (value_count > STACK_USE_GUIDELINE) {
+        _Py_DECLARE_STR(empty, "");
+        ADDOP_LOAD_CONST_NEW(c, loc, Py_NewRef(&_Py_STR(empty)));
+        ADDOP_NAME(c, loc, LOAD_METHOD, &_Py_ID(join), names);
+        ADDOP_I(c, loc, BUILD_LIST, 0);
+        for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < asdl_seq_LEN(e->v.JoinedStr.values); i++) {
+            VISIT(c, expr, asdl_seq_GET(e->v.JoinedStr.values, i));
+            ADDOP_I(c, loc, LIST_APPEND, 1);
+        }
+        ADDOP_I(c, loc, CALL, 1);
+    }
+    else {
+        VISIT_SEQ(c, expr, e->v.JoinedStr.values);
+        if (value_count > 1) {
+            ADDOP_I(c, loc, BUILD_STRING, value_count);
+        }
+        else if (value_count == 0) {
+            _Py_DECLARE_STR(empty, "");
+            ADDOP_LOAD_CONST_NEW(c, loc, Py_NewRef(&_Py_STR(empty)));
+        }
+    }
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+/* Used to implement f-strings. Format a single value. */
+static int
+codegen_formatted_value(compiler *c, expr_ty e)
+{
+    /* Our oparg encodes 2 pieces of information: the conversion
+       character, and whether or not a format_spec was provided.
+
+       Convert the conversion char to 3 bits:
+           : 000  0x0  FVC_NONE   The default if nothing specified.
+       !s  : 001  0x1  FVC_STR
+       !r  : 010  0x2  FVC_REPR
+       !a  : 011  0x3  FVC_ASCII
+
+       next bit is whether or not we have a format spec:
+       yes : 100  0x4
+       no  : 000  0x0
+    */
+
+    int conversion = e->v.FormattedValue.conversion;
+    int oparg;
+
+    /* The expression to be formatted. */
+    VISIT(c, expr, e->v.FormattedValue.value);
+
+    location loc = LOC(e);
+    if (conversion != -1) {
+        switch (conversion) {
+        case 's': oparg = FVC_STR;   break;
+        case 'r': oparg = FVC_REPR;  break;
+        case 'a': oparg = FVC_ASCII; break;
+        default:
+            PyErr_Format(PyExc_SystemError,
+                     "Unrecognized conversion character %d", conversion);
+            return ERROR;
+        }
+        ADDOP_I(c, loc, CONVERT_VALUE, oparg);
+    }
+    if (e->v.FormattedValue.format_spec) {
+        /* Evaluate the format spec, and update our opcode arg. */
+        VISIT(c, expr, e->v.FormattedValue.format_spec);
+        ADDOP(c, loc, FORMAT_WITH_SPEC);
+    } else {
+        ADDOP(c, loc, FORMAT_SIMPLE);
+    }
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_subkwargs(compiler *c, location loc,
+                  asdl_keyword_seq *keywords,
+                  Py_ssize_t begin, Py_ssize_t end)
+{
+    Py_ssize_t i, n = end - begin;
+    keyword_ty kw;
+    assert(n > 0);
+    int big = n*2 > STACK_USE_GUIDELINE;
+    if (big) {
+        ADDOP_I(c, NO_LOCATION, BUILD_MAP, 0);
+    }
+    for (i = begin; i < end; i++) {
+        kw = asdl_seq_GET(keywords, i);
+        ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, loc, kw->arg);
+        VISIT(c, expr, kw->value);
+        if (big) {
+            ADDOP_I(c, NO_LOCATION, MAP_ADD, 1);
+        }
+    }
+    if (!big) {
+        ADDOP_I(c, loc, BUILD_MAP, n);
+    }
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+/* Used by codegen_call_helper and maybe_optimize_method_call to emit
+ * a tuple of keyword names before CALL.
+ */
+static int
+codegen_call_simple_kw_helper(compiler *c, location loc,
+                              asdl_keyword_seq *keywords, Py_ssize_t nkwelts)
+{
+    PyObject *names;
+    names = PyTuple_New(nkwelts);
+    if (names == NULL) {
+        return ERROR;
+    }
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < nkwelts; i++) {
+        keyword_ty kw = asdl_seq_GET(keywords, i);
+        PyTuple_SET_ITEM(names, i, Py_NewRef(kw->arg));
+    }
+    ADDOP_LOAD_CONST_NEW(c, loc, names);
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+/* shared code between codegen_call and codegen_class */
+static int
+codegen_call_helper_impl(compiler *c, location loc,
+                         int n, /* Args already pushed */
+                         asdl_expr_seq *args,
+                         PyObject *injected_arg,
+                         asdl_keyword_seq *keywords)
+{
+    Py_ssize_t i, nseen, nelts, nkwelts;
+
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_validate_keywords(c, keywords));
+
+    nelts = asdl_seq_LEN(args);
+    nkwelts = asdl_seq_LEN(keywords);
+
+    if (nelts + nkwelts*2 > STACK_USE_GUIDELINE) {
+         goto ex_call;
+    }
+    for (i = 0; i < nelts; i++) {
+        expr_ty elt = asdl_seq_GET(args, i);
+        if (elt->kind == Starred_kind) {
+            goto ex_call;
+        }
+    }
+    for (i = 0; i < nkwelts; i++) {
+        keyword_ty kw = asdl_seq_GET(keywords, i);
+        if (kw->arg == NULL) {
+            goto ex_call;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* No * or ** args, so can use faster calling sequence */
+    for (i = 0; i < nelts; i++) {
+        expr_ty elt = asdl_seq_GET(args, i);
+        assert(elt->kind != Starred_kind);
+        VISIT(c, expr, elt);
+    }
+    if (injected_arg) {
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_nameop(c, loc, injected_arg, Load));
+        nelts++;
+    }
+    if (nkwelts) {
+        VISIT_SEQ(c, keyword, keywords);
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(
+            codegen_call_simple_kw_helper(c, loc, keywords, nkwelts));
+        ADDOP_I(c, loc, CALL_KW, n + nelts + nkwelts);
+    }
+    else {
+        ADDOP_I(c, loc, CALL, n + nelts);
+    }
+    return SUCCESS;
+
+ex_call:
+
+    /* Do positional arguments. */
+    if (n == 0 && nelts == 1 && ((expr_ty)asdl_seq_GET(args, 0))->kind == Starred_kind) {
+        VISIT(c, expr, ((expr_ty)asdl_seq_GET(args, 0))->v.Starred.value);
+    }
+    else {
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(starunpack_helper_impl(c, loc, args, injected_arg, n,
+                                               BUILD_LIST, LIST_APPEND, LIST_EXTEND, 1));
+    }
+    /* Then keyword arguments */
+    if (nkwelts) {
+        /* Has a new dict been pushed */
+        int have_dict = 0;
+
+        nseen = 0;  /* the number of keyword arguments on the stack following */
+        for (i = 0; i < nkwelts; i++) {
+            keyword_ty kw = asdl_seq_GET(keywords, i);
+            if (kw->arg == NULL) {
+                /* A keyword argument unpacking. */
+                if (nseen) {
+                    RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_subkwargs(c, loc, keywords, i - nseen, i));
+                    if (have_dict) {
+                        ADDOP_I(c, loc, DICT_MERGE, 1);
+                    }
+                    have_dict = 1;
+                    nseen = 0;
+                }
+                if (!have_dict) {
+                    ADDOP_I(c, loc, BUILD_MAP, 0);
+                    have_dict = 1;
+                }
+                VISIT(c, expr, kw->value);
+                ADDOP_I(c, loc, DICT_MERGE, 1);
+            }
+            else {
+                nseen++;
+            }
+        }
+        if (nseen) {
+            /* Pack up any trailing keyword arguments. */
+            RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_subkwargs(c, loc, keywords, nkwelts - nseen, nkwelts));
+            if (have_dict) {
+                ADDOP_I(c, loc, DICT_MERGE, 1);
+            }
+            have_dict = 1;
+        }
+        assert(have_dict);
+    }
+    ADDOP_I(c, loc, CALL_FUNCTION_EX, nkwelts > 0);
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_call_helper(compiler *c, location loc,
+                    int n, /* Args already pushed */
+                    asdl_expr_seq *args,
+                    asdl_keyword_seq *keywords)
+{
+    return codegen_call_helper_impl(c, loc, n, args, NULL, keywords);
+}
+
+/* List and set comprehensions and generator expressions work by creating a
+  nested function to perform the actual iteration. This means that the
+  iteration variables don't leak into the current scope.
+  The defined function is called immediately following its definition, with the
+  result of that call being the result of the expression.
+  The LC/SC version returns the populated container, while the GE version is
+  flagged in symtable.c as a generator, so it returns the generator object
+  when the function is called.
+
+  Possible cleanups:
+    - iterate over the generator sequence instead of using recursion
+*/
+
+
+static int
+codegen_comprehension_generator(compiler *c, location loc,
+                                asdl_comprehension_seq *generators, int gen_index,
+                                int depth,
+                                expr_ty elt, expr_ty val, int type,
+                                int iter_on_stack)
+{
+    comprehension_ty gen;
+    gen = (comprehension_ty)asdl_seq_GET(generators, gen_index);
+    if (gen->is_async) {
+        return codegen_async_comprehension_generator(
+            c, loc, generators, gen_index, depth, elt, val, type,
+            iter_on_stack);
+    } else {
+        return codegen_sync_comprehension_generator(
+            c, loc, generators, gen_index, depth, elt, val, type,
+            iter_on_stack);
+    }
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_sync_comprehension_generator(compiler *c, location loc,
+                                     asdl_comprehension_seq *generators,
+                                     int gen_index, int depth,
+                                     expr_ty elt, expr_ty val, int type,
+                                     int iter_on_stack)
+{
+    /* generate code for the iterator, then each of the ifs,
+       and then write to the element */
+
+    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, start);
+    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, if_cleanup);
+    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, anchor);
+
+    comprehension_ty gen = (comprehension_ty)asdl_seq_GET(generators,
+                                                          gen_index);
+
+    if (!iter_on_stack) {
+        if (gen_index == 0) {
+            assert(METADATA(c)->u_argcount == 1);
+            ADDOP_I(c, loc, LOAD_FAST, 0);
+        }
+        else {
+            /* Sub-iter - calculate on the fly */
+            /* Fast path for the temporary variable assignment idiom:
+                for y in [f(x)]
+            */
+            asdl_expr_seq *elts;
+            switch (gen->iter->kind) {
+                case List_kind:
+                    elts = gen->iter->v.List.elts;
+                    break;
+                case Tuple_kind:
+                    elts = gen->iter->v.Tuple.elts;
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    elts = NULL;
+            }
+            if (asdl_seq_LEN(elts) == 1) {
+                expr_ty elt = asdl_seq_GET(elts, 0);
+                if (elt->kind != Starred_kind) {
+                    VISIT(c, expr, elt);
+                    start = NO_LABEL;
+                }
+            }
+            if (IS_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(start)) {
+                VISIT(c, expr, gen->iter);
+                ADDOP(c, LOC(gen->iter), GET_ITER);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (IS_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(start)) {
+        depth++;
+        ADDOP(c, LOC(gen->iter), GET_ITER);
+        USE_LABEL(c, start);
+        ADDOP_JUMP(c, LOC(gen->iter), FOR_ITER, anchor);
+    }
+    VISIT(c, expr, gen->target);
+
+    /* XXX this needs to be cleaned up...a lot! */
+    Py_ssize_t n = asdl_seq_LEN(gen->ifs);
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        expr_ty e = (expr_ty)asdl_seq_GET(gen->ifs, i);
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_jump_if(c, loc, e, if_cleanup, 0));
+    }
+
+    if (++gen_index < asdl_seq_LEN(generators)) {
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(
+            codegen_comprehension_generator(c, loc,
+                                            generators, gen_index, depth,
+                                            elt, val, type, 0));
+    }
+
+    location elt_loc = LOC(elt);
+
+    /* only append after the last for generator */
+    if (gen_index >= asdl_seq_LEN(generators)) {
+        /* comprehension specific code */
+        switch (type) {
+        case COMP_GENEXP:
+            VISIT(c, expr, elt);
+            ADDOP_YIELD(c, elt_loc);
+            ADDOP(c, elt_loc, POP_TOP);
+            break;
+        case COMP_LISTCOMP:
+            VISIT(c, expr, elt);
+            ADDOP_I(c, elt_loc, LIST_APPEND, depth + 1);
+            break;
+        case COMP_SETCOMP:
+            VISIT(c, expr, elt);
+            ADDOP_I(c, elt_loc, SET_ADD, depth + 1);
+            break;
+        case COMP_DICTCOMP:
+            /* With '{k: v}', k is evaluated before v, so we do
+               the same. */
+            VISIT(c, expr, elt);
+            VISIT(c, expr, val);
+            elt_loc = LOCATION(elt->lineno,
+                               val->end_lineno,
+                               elt->col_offset,
+                               val->end_col_offset);
+            ADDOP_I(c, elt_loc, MAP_ADD, depth + 1);
+            break;
+        default:
+            return ERROR;
+        }
+    }
+
+    USE_LABEL(c, if_cleanup);
+    if (IS_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(start)) {
+        ADDOP_JUMP(c, elt_loc, JUMP, start);
+
+        USE_LABEL(c, anchor);
+        /* It is important for instrumentation that the `END_FOR` comes first.
+        * Iteration over a generator will jump to the first of these instructions,
+        * but a non-generator will jump to a later instruction.
+        */
+        ADDOP(c, NO_LOCATION, END_FOR);
+        ADDOP(c, NO_LOCATION, POP_TOP);
+    }
+
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_async_comprehension_generator(compiler *c, location loc,
+                                      asdl_comprehension_seq *generators,
+                                      int gen_index, int depth,
+                                      expr_ty elt, expr_ty val, int type,
+                                      int iter_on_stack)
+{
+    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, start);
+    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, except);
+    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, if_cleanup);
+
+    comprehension_ty gen = (comprehension_ty)asdl_seq_GET(generators,
+                                                          gen_index);
+
+    if (!iter_on_stack) {
+        if (gen_index == 0) {
+            assert(METADATA(c)->u_argcount == 1);
+            ADDOP_I(c, loc, LOAD_FAST, 0);
+        }
+        else {
+            /* Sub-iter - calculate on the fly */
+            VISIT(c, expr, gen->iter);
+            ADDOP(c, LOC(gen->iter), GET_AITER);
+        }
+    }
+
+    USE_LABEL(c, start);
+    /* Runtime will push a block here, so we need to account for that */
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(
+        _PyCompile_PushFBlock(c, loc, COMPILE_FBLOCK_ASYNC_COMPREHENSION_GENERATOR,
+                              start, NO_LABEL, NULL));
+
+    ADDOP_JUMP(c, loc, SETUP_FINALLY, except);
+    ADDOP(c, loc, GET_ANEXT);
+    ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, loc, Py_None);
+    ADD_YIELD_FROM(c, loc, 1);
+    ADDOP(c, loc, POP_BLOCK);
+    VISIT(c, expr, gen->target);
+
+    Py_ssize_t n = asdl_seq_LEN(gen->ifs);
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        expr_ty e = (expr_ty)asdl_seq_GET(gen->ifs, i);
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_jump_if(c, loc, e, if_cleanup, 0));
+    }
+
+    depth++;
+    if (++gen_index < asdl_seq_LEN(generators)) {
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(
+            codegen_comprehension_generator(c, loc,
+                                            generators, gen_index, depth,
+                                            elt, val, type, 0));
+    }
+
+    location elt_loc = LOC(elt);
+    /* only append after the last for generator */
+    if (gen_index >= asdl_seq_LEN(generators)) {
+        /* comprehension specific code */
+        switch (type) {
+        case COMP_GENEXP:
+            VISIT(c, expr, elt);
+            ADDOP_YIELD(c, elt_loc);
+            ADDOP(c, elt_loc, POP_TOP);
+            break;
+        case COMP_LISTCOMP:
+            VISIT(c, expr, elt);
+            ADDOP_I(c, elt_loc, LIST_APPEND, depth + 1);
+            break;
+        case COMP_SETCOMP:
+            VISIT(c, expr, elt);
+            ADDOP_I(c, elt_loc, SET_ADD, depth + 1);
+            break;
+        case COMP_DICTCOMP:
+            /* With '{k: v}', k is evaluated before v, so we do
+               the same. */
+            VISIT(c, expr, elt);
+            VISIT(c, expr, val);
+            elt_loc = LOCATION(elt->lineno,
+                               val->end_lineno,
+                               elt->col_offset,
+                               val->end_col_offset);
+            ADDOP_I(c, elt_loc, MAP_ADD, depth + 1);
+            break;
+        default:
+            return ERROR;
+        }
+    }
+
+    USE_LABEL(c, if_cleanup);
+    ADDOP_JUMP(c, elt_loc, JUMP, start);
+
+    _PyCompile_PopFBlock(c, COMPILE_FBLOCK_ASYNC_COMPREHENSION_GENERATOR, start);
+
+    USE_LABEL(c, except);
+
+    ADDOP(c, loc, END_ASYNC_FOR);
+
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_push_inlined_comprehension_locals(compiler *c, location loc,
+                                          PySTEntryObject *comp,
+                                          _PyCompile_InlinedComprehensionState *state)
+{
+    int in_class_block = (SYMTABLE_ENTRY(c)->ste_type == ClassBlock) &&
+                          !_PyCompile_IsInInlinedComp(c);
+    PySTEntryObject *outer = SYMTABLE_ENTRY(c);
+    // iterate over names bound in the comprehension and ensure we isolate
+    // them from the outer scope as needed
+    PyObject *k, *v;
+    Py_ssize_t pos = 0;
+    while (PyDict_Next(comp->ste_symbols, &pos, &k, &v)) {
+        long symbol = PyLong_AsLong(v);
+        assert(symbol >= 0 || PyErr_Occurred());
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(symbol);
+        long scope = SYMBOL_TO_SCOPE(symbol);
+
+        long outsymbol = _PyST_GetSymbol(outer, k);
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(outsymbol);
+        long outsc = SYMBOL_TO_SCOPE(outsymbol);
+
+        if ((symbol & DEF_LOCAL && !(symbol & DEF_NONLOCAL)) || in_class_block) {
+            // local names bound in comprehension must be isolated from
+            // outer scope; push existing value (which may be NULL if
+            // not defined) on stack
+            if (state->pushed_locals == NULL) {
+                state->pushed_locals = PyList_New(0);
+                if (state->pushed_locals == NULL) {
+                    return ERROR;
+                }
+            }
+            // in the case of a cell, this will actually push the cell
+            // itself to the stack, then we'll create a new one for the
+            // comprehension and restore the original one after
+            ADDOP_NAME(c, loc, LOAD_FAST_AND_CLEAR, k, varnames);
+            if (scope == CELL) {
+                if (outsc == FREE) {
+                    ADDOP_NAME(c, loc, MAKE_CELL, k, freevars);
+                } else {
+                    ADDOP_NAME(c, loc, MAKE_CELL, k, cellvars);
+                }
+            }
+            if (PyList_Append(state->pushed_locals, k) < 0) {
+                return ERROR;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if (state->pushed_locals) {
+        // Outermost iterable expression was already evaluated and is on the
+        // stack, we need to swap it back to TOS. This also rotates the order of
+        // `pushed_locals` on the stack, but this will be reversed when we swap
+        // out the comprehension result in pop_inlined_comprehension_state
+        ADDOP_I(c, loc, SWAP, PyList_GET_SIZE(state->pushed_locals) + 1);
+
+        // Add our own cleanup handler to restore comprehension locals in case
+        // of exception, so they have the correct values inside an exception
+        // handler or finally block.
+        NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, cleanup);
+        state->cleanup = cleanup;
+
+        // no need to push an fblock for this "virtual" try/finally; there can't
+        // be return/continue/break inside a comprehension
+        ADDOP_JUMP(c, loc, SETUP_FINALLY, cleanup);
+    }
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+push_inlined_comprehension_state(compiler *c, location loc,
+                                 PySTEntryObject *comp,
+                                 _PyCompile_InlinedComprehensionState *state)
+{
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(
+        _PyCompile_TweakInlinedComprehensionScopes(c, loc, comp, state));
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(
+        codegen_push_inlined_comprehension_locals(c, loc, comp, state));
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+restore_inlined_comprehension_locals(compiler *c, location loc,
+                                     _PyCompile_InlinedComprehensionState *state)
+{
+    PyObject *k;
+    // pop names we pushed to stack earlier
+    Py_ssize_t npops = PyList_GET_SIZE(state->pushed_locals);
+    // Preserve the comprehension result (or exception) as TOS. This
+    // reverses the SWAP we did in push_inlined_comprehension_state
+    // to get the outermost iterable to TOS, so we can still just iterate
+    // pushed_locals in simple reverse order
+    ADDOP_I(c, loc, SWAP, npops + 1);
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = npops - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+        k = PyList_GetItem(state->pushed_locals, i);
+        if (k == NULL) {
+            return ERROR;
+        }
+        ADDOP_NAME(c, loc, STORE_FAST_MAYBE_NULL, k, varnames);
+    }
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_pop_inlined_comprehension_locals(compiler *c, location loc,
+                                         _PyCompile_InlinedComprehensionState *state)
+{
+    if (state->pushed_locals) {
+        ADDOP(c, NO_LOCATION, POP_BLOCK);
+
+        NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, end);
+        ADDOP_JUMP(c, NO_LOCATION, JUMP_NO_INTERRUPT, end);
+
+        // cleanup from an exception inside the comprehension
+        USE_LABEL(c, state->cleanup);
+        // discard incomplete comprehension result (beneath exc on stack)
+        ADDOP_I(c, NO_LOCATION, SWAP, 2);
+        ADDOP(c, NO_LOCATION, POP_TOP);
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(restore_inlined_comprehension_locals(c, loc, state));
+        ADDOP_I(c, NO_LOCATION, RERAISE, 0);
+
+        USE_LABEL(c, end);
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(restore_inlined_comprehension_locals(c, loc, state));
+        Py_CLEAR(state->pushed_locals);
+    }
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+pop_inlined_comprehension_state(compiler *c, location loc,
+                                _PyCompile_InlinedComprehensionState *state)
+{
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_pop_inlined_comprehension_locals(c, loc, state));
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(_PyCompile_RevertInlinedComprehensionScopes(c, loc, state));
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static inline int
+codegen_comprehension_iter(compiler *c, comprehension_ty comp)
+{
+    VISIT(c, expr, comp->iter);
+    if (comp->is_async) {
+        ADDOP(c, LOC(comp->iter), GET_AITER);
+    }
+    else {
+        ADDOP(c, LOC(comp->iter), GET_ITER);
+    }
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_comprehension(compiler *c, expr_ty e, int type,
+                      identifier name, asdl_comprehension_seq *generators, expr_ty elt,
+                      expr_ty val)
+{
+    PyCodeObject *co = NULL;
+    _PyCompile_InlinedComprehensionState inline_state = {NULL, NULL, NULL, NO_LABEL};
+    comprehension_ty outermost;
+    PySTEntryObject *entry = _PySymtable_Lookup(SYMTABLE(c), (void *)e);
+    if (entry == NULL) {
+        goto error;
+    }
+    int is_inlined = entry->ste_comp_inlined;
+    int is_async_comprehension = entry->ste_coroutine;
+
+    location loc = LOC(e);
+
+    outermost = (comprehension_ty) asdl_seq_GET(generators, 0);
+    if (is_inlined) {
+        if (codegen_comprehension_iter(c, outermost)) {
+            goto error;
+        }
+        if (push_inlined_comprehension_state(c, loc, entry, &inline_state)) {
+            goto error;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        /* Receive outermost iter as an implicit argument */
+        _PyCompile_CodeUnitMetadata umd = {
+            .u_argcount = 1,
+        };
+        if (codegen_enter_scope(c, name, COMPILE_SCOPE_COMPREHENSION,
+                                (void *)e, e->lineno, NULL, &umd) < 0) {
+            goto error;
+        }
+    }
+    Py_CLEAR(entry);
+
+    if (type != COMP_GENEXP) {
+        int op;
+        switch (type) {
+        case COMP_LISTCOMP:
+            op = BUILD_LIST;
+            break;
+        case COMP_SETCOMP:
+            op = BUILD_SET;
+            break;
+        case COMP_DICTCOMP:
+            op = BUILD_MAP;
+            break;
+        default:
+            PyErr_Format(PyExc_SystemError,
+                         "unknown comprehension type %d", type);
+            goto error_in_scope;
+        }
+
+        ADDOP_I(c, loc, op, 0);
+        if (is_inlined) {
+            ADDOP_I(c, loc, SWAP, 2);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (codegen_comprehension_generator(c, loc, generators, 0, 0,
+                                        elt, val, type, is_inlined) < 0) {
+        goto error_in_scope;
+    }
+
+    if (is_inlined) {
+        if (pop_inlined_comprehension_state(c, loc, &inline_state)) {
+            goto error;
+        }
+        return SUCCESS;
+    }
+
+    if (type != COMP_GENEXP) {
+        ADDOP(c, LOC(e), RETURN_VALUE);
+    }
+    if (type == COMP_GENEXP) {
+        if (codegen_wrap_in_stopiteration_handler(c) < 0) {
+            goto error_in_scope;
+        }
+    }
+
+    co = _PyCompile_OptimizeAndAssemble(c, 1);
+    _PyCompile_ExitScope(c);
+    if (co == NULL) {
+        goto error;
+    }
+
+    loc = LOC(e);
+    if (codegen_make_closure(c, loc, co, 0) < 0) {
+        goto error;
+    }
+    Py_CLEAR(co);
+
+    if (codegen_comprehension_iter(c, outermost)) {
+        goto error;
+    }
+
+    ADDOP_I(c, loc, CALL, 0);
+
+    if (is_async_comprehension && type != COMP_GENEXP) {
+        ADDOP_I(c, loc, GET_AWAITABLE, 0);
+        ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, loc, Py_None);
+        ADD_YIELD_FROM(c, loc, 1);
+    }
+
+    return SUCCESS;
+error_in_scope:
+    if (!is_inlined) {
+        _PyCompile_ExitScope(c);
+    }
+error:
+    Py_XDECREF(co);
+    Py_XDECREF(entry);
+    Py_XDECREF(inline_state.pushed_locals);
+    Py_XDECREF(inline_state.temp_symbols);
+    Py_XDECREF(inline_state.fast_hidden);
+    return ERROR;
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_genexp(compiler *c, expr_ty e)
+{
+    assert(e->kind == GeneratorExp_kind);
+    _Py_DECLARE_STR(anon_genexpr, "<genexpr>");
+    return codegen_comprehension(c, e, COMP_GENEXP, &_Py_STR(anon_genexpr),
+                                 e->v.GeneratorExp.generators,
+                                 e->v.GeneratorExp.elt, NULL);
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_listcomp(compiler *c, expr_ty e)
+{
+    assert(e->kind == ListComp_kind);
+    _Py_DECLARE_STR(anon_listcomp, "<listcomp>");
+    return codegen_comprehension(c, e, COMP_LISTCOMP, &_Py_STR(anon_listcomp),
+                                 e->v.ListComp.generators,
+                                 e->v.ListComp.elt, NULL);
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_setcomp(compiler *c, expr_ty e)
+{
+    assert(e->kind == SetComp_kind);
+    _Py_DECLARE_STR(anon_setcomp, "<setcomp>");
+    return codegen_comprehension(c, e, COMP_SETCOMP, &_Py_STR(anon_setcomp),
+                                 e->v.SetComp.generators,
+                                 e->v.SetComp.elt, NULL);
+}
+
+
+static int
+codegen_dictcomp(compiler *c, expr_ty e)
+{
+    assert(e->kind == DictComp_kind);
+    _Py_DECLARE_STR(anon_dictcomp, "<dictcomp>");
+    return codegen_comprehension(c, e, COMP_DICTCOMP, &_Py_STR(anon_dictcomp),
+                                 e->v.DictComp.generators,
+                                 e->v.DictComp.key, e->v.DictComp.value);
+}
+
+
+static int
+codegen_visit_keyword(compiler *c, keyword_ty k)
+{
+    VISIT(c, expr, k->value);
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+
+static int
+codegen_with_except_finish(compiler *c, jump_target_label cleanup) {
+    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, suppress);
+    ADDOP(c, NO_LOCATION, TO_BOOL);
+    ADDOP_JUMP(c, NO_LOCATION, POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE, suppress);
+    ADDOP_I(c, NO_LOCATION, RERAISE, 2);
+
+    USE_LABEL(c, suppress);
+    ADDOP(c, NO_LOCATION, POP_TOP); /* exc_value */
+    ADDOP(c, NO_LOCATION, POP_BLOCK);
+    ADDOP(c, NO_LOCATION, POP_EXCEPT);
+    ADDOP(c, NO_LOCATION, POP_TOP);
+    ADDOP(c, NO_LOCATION, POP_TOP);
+    ADDOP(c, NO_LOCATION, POP_TOP);
+    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, exit);
+    ADDOP_JUMP(c, NO_LOCATION, JUMP_NO_INTERRUPT, exit);
+
+    USE_LABEL(c, cleanup);
+    POP_EXCEPT_AND_RERAISE(c, NO_LOCATION);
+
+    USE_LABEL(c, exit);
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+/*
+   Implements the async with statement.
+
+   The semantics outlined in that PEP are as follows:
+
+   async with EXPR as VAR:
+       BLOCK
+
+   It is implemented roughly as:
+
+   context = EXPR
+   exit = context.__aexit__  # not calling it
+   value = await context.__aenter__()
+   try:
+       VAR = value  # if VAR present in the syntax
+       BLOCK
+   finally:
+       if an exception was raised:
+           exc = copy of (exception, instance, traceback)
+       else:
+           exc = (None, None, None)
+       if not (await exit(*exc)):
+           raise
+ */
+static int
+codegen_async_with(compiler *c, stmt_ty s, int pos)
+{
+    location loc = LOC(s);
+    withitem_ty item = asdl_seq_GET(s->v.AsyncWith.items, pos);
+
+    assert(s->kind == AsyncWith_kind);
+
+    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, block);
+    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, final);
+    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, exit);
+    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, cleanup);
+
+    /* Evaluate EXPR */
+    VISIT(c, expr, item->context_expr);
+    loc = LOC(item->context_expr);
+    ADDOP_I(c, loc, COPY, 1);
+    ADDOP_I(c, loc, LOAD_SPECIAL, SPECIAL___AEXIT__);
+    ADDOP_I(c, loc, SWAP, 2);
+    ADDOP_I(c, loc, SWAP, 3);
+    ADDOP_I(c, loc, LOAD_SPECIAL, SPECIAL___AENTER__);
+    ADDOP_I(c, loc, CALL, 0);
+    ADDOP_I(c, loc, GET_AWAITABLE, 1);
+    ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, loc, Py_None);
+    ADD_YIELD_FROM(c, loc, 1);
+
+    ADDOP_JUMP(c, loc, SETUP_WITH, final);
+
+    /* SETUP_WITH pushes a finally block. */
+    USE_LABEL(c, block);
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(_PyCompile_PushFBlock(c, loc, COMPILE_FBLOCK_ASYNC_WITH, block, final, s));
+
+    if (item->optional_vars) {
+        VISIT(c, expr, item->optional_vars);
+    }
+    else {
+        /* Discard result from context.__aenter__() */
+        ADDOP(c, loc, POP_TOP);
+    }
+
+    pos++;
+    if (pos == asdl_seq_LEN(s->v.AsyncWith.items)) {
+        /* BLOCK code */
+        VISIT_SEQ(c, stmt, s->v.AsyncWith.body)
+    }
+    else {
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_async_with(c, s, pos));
+    }
+
+    _PyCompile_PopFBlock(c, COMPILE_FBLOCK_ASYNC_WITH, block);
+
+    ADDOP(c, loc, POP_BLOCK);
+    /* End of body; start the cleanup */
+
+    /* For successful outcome:
+     * call __exit__(None, None, None)
+     */
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_call_exit_with_nones(c, loc));
+    ADDOP_I(c, loc, GET_AWAITABLE, 2);
+    ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, loc, Py_None);
+    ADD_YIELD_FROM(c, loc, 1);
+
+    ADDOP(c, loc, POP_TOP);
+
+    ADDOP_JUMP(c, loc, JUMP, exit);
+
+    /* For exceptional outcome: */
+    USE_LABEL(c, final);
+
+    ADDOP_JUMP(c, loc, SETUP_CLEANUP, cleanup);
+    ADDOP(c, loc, PUSH_EXC_INFO);
+    ADDOP(c, loc, WITH_EXCEPT_START);
+    ADDOP_I(c, loc, GET_AWAITABLE, 2);
+    ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, loc, Py_None);
+    ADD_YIELD_FROM(c, loc, 1);
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_with_except_finish(c, cleanup));
+
+    USE_LABEL(c, exit);
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+
+/*
+   Implements the with statement from PEP 343.
+   with EXPR as VAR:
+       BLOCK
+   is implemented as:
+        <code for EXPR>
+        SETUP_WITH  E
+        <code to store to VAR> or POP_TOP
+        <code for BLOCK>
+        LOAD_CONST (None, None, None)
+        CALL_FUNCTION_EX 0
+        JUMP  EXIT
+    E:  WITH_EXCEPT_START (calls EXPR.__exit__)
+        POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE T:
+        RERAISE
+    T:  POP_TOP (remove exception from stack)
+        POP_EXCEPT
+        POP_TOP
+    EXIT:
+ */
+
+static int
+codegen_with(compiler *c, stmt_ty s, int pos)
+{
+    withitem_ty item = asdl_seq_GET(s->v.With.items, pos);
+
+    assert(s->kind == With_kind);
+
+    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, block);
+    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, final);
+    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, exit);
+    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, cleanup);
+
+    /* Evaluate EXPR */
+    VISIT(c, expr, item->context_expr);
+    /* Will push bound __exit__ */
+    location loc = LOC(item->context_expr);
+    ADDOP_I(c, loc, COPY, 1);
+    ADDOP_I(c, loc, LOAD_SPECIAL, SPECIAL___EXIT__);
+    ADDOP_I(c, loc, SWAP, 2);
+    ADDOP_I(c, loc, SWAP, 3);
+    ADDOP_I(c, loc, LOAD_SPECIAL, SPECIAL___ENTER__);
+    ADDOP_I(c, loc, CALL, 0);
+    ADDOP_JUMP(c, loc, SETUP_WITH, final);
+
+    /* SETUP_WITH pushes a finally block. */
+    USE_LABEL(c, block);
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(_PyCompile_PushFBlock(c, loc, COMPILE_FBLOCK_WITH, block, final, s));
+
+    if (item->optional_vars) {
+        VISIT(c, expr, item->optional_vars);
+    }
+    else {
+    /* Discard result from context.__enter__() */
+        ADDOP(c, loc, POP_TOP);
+    }
+
+    pos++;
+    if (pos == asdl_seq_LEN(s->v.With.items)) {
+        /* BLOCK code */
+        VISIT_SEQ(c, stmt, s->v.With.body)
+    }
+    else {
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_with(c, s, pos));
+    }
+
+    ADDOP(c, NO_LOCATION, POP_BLOCK);
+    _PyCompile_PopFBlock(c, COMPILE_FBLOCK_WITH, block);
+
+    /* End of body; start the cleanup. */
+
+    /* For successful outcome:
+     * call __exit__(None, None, None)
+     */
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_call_exit_with_nones(c, loc));
+    ADDOP(c, loc, POP_TOP);
+    ADDOP_JUMP(c, loc, JUMP, exit);
+
+    /* For exceptional outcome: */
+    USE_LABEL(c, final);
+
+    ADDOP_JUMP(c, loc, SETUP_CLEANUP, cleanup);
+    ADDOP(c, loc, PUSH_EXC_INFO);
+    ADDOP(c, loc, WITH_EXCEPT_START);
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_with_except_finish(c, cleanup));
+
+    USE_LABEL(c, exit);
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_visit_expr(compiler *c, expr_ty e)
+{
+    location loc = LOC(e);
+    switch (e->kind) {
+    case NamedExpr_kind:
+        VISIT(c, expr, e->v.NamedExpr.value);
+        ADDOP_I(c, loc, COPY, 1);
+        VISIT(c, expr, e->v.NamedExpr.target);
+        break;
+    case BoolOp_kind:
+        return codegen_boolop(c, e);
+    case BinOp_kind:
+        VISIT(c, expr, e->v.BinOp.left);
+        VISIT(c, expr, e->v.BinOp.right);
+        ADDOP_BINARY(c, loc, e->v.BinOp.op);
+        break;
+    case UnaryOp_kind:
+        VISIT(c, expr, e->v.UnaryOp.operand);
+        if (e->v.UnaryOp.op == UAdd) {
+            ADDOP_I(c, loc, CALL_INTRINSIC_1, INTRINSIC_UNARY_POSITIVE);
+        }
+        else if (e->v.UnaryOp.op == Not) {
+            ADDOP(c, loc, TO_BOOL);
+            ADDOP(c, loc, UNARY_NOT);
+        }
+        else {
+            ADDOP(c, loc, unaryop(e->v.UnaryOp.op));
+        }
+        break;
+    case Lambda_kind:
+        return codegen_lambda(c, e);
+    case IfExp_kind:
+        return codegen_ifexp(c, e);
+    case Dict_kind:
+        return codegen_dict(c, e);
+    case Set_kind:
+        return codegen_set(c, e);
+    case GeneratorExp_kind:
+        return codegen_genexp(c, e);
+    case ListComp_kind:
+        return codegen_listcomp(c, e);
+    case SetComp_kind:
+        return codegen_setcomp(c, e);
+    case DictComp_kind:
+        return codegen_dictcomp(c, e);
+    case Yield_kind:
+        if (!_PyST_IsFunctionLike(SYMTABLE_ENTRY(c))) {
+            return _PyCompile_Error(c, loc, "'yield' outside function");
+        }
+        if (e->v.Yield.value) {
+            VISIT(c, expr, e->v.Yield.value);
+        }
+        else {
+            ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, loc, Py_None);
+        }
+        ADDOP_YIELD(c, loc);
+        break;
+    case YieldFrom_kind:
+        if (!_PyST_IsFunctionLike(SYMTABLE_ENTRY(c))) {
+            return _PyCompile_Error(c, loc, "'yield from' outside function");
+        }
+        if (SCOPE_TYPE(c) == COMPILE_SCOPE_ASYNC_FUNCTION) {
+            return _PyCompile_Error(c, loc, "'yield from' inside async function");
+        }
+        VISIT(c, expr, e->v.YieldFrom.value);
+        ADDOP(c, loc, GET_YIELD_FROM_ITER);
+        ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, loc, Py_None);
+        ADD_YIELD_FROM(c, loc, 0);
+        break;
+    case Await_kind:
+        VISIT(c, expr, e->v.Await.value);
+        ADDOP_I(c, loc, GET_AWAITABLE, 0);
+        ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, loc, Py_None);
+        ADD_YIELD_FROM(c, loc, 1);
+        break;
+    case Compare_kind:
+        return codegen_compare(c, e);
+    case Call_kind:
+        return codegen_call(c, e);
+    case Constant_kind:
+        ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, loc, e->v.Constant.value);
+        break;
+    case JoinedStr_kind:
+        return codegen_joined_str(c, e);
+    case FormattedValue_kind:
+        return codegen_formatted_value(c, e);
+    /* The following exprs can be assignment targets. */
+    case Attribute_kind:
+        if (e->v.Attribute.ctx == Load) {
+            int ret = can_optimize_super_call(c, e);
+            RETURN_IF_ERROR(ret);
+            if (ret) {
+                RETURN_IF_ERROR(load_args_for_super(c, e->v.Attribute.value));
+                int opcode = asdl_seq_LEN(e->v.Attribute.value->v.Call.args) ?
+                    LOAD_SUPER_ATTR : LOAD_ZERO_SUPER_ATTR;
+                ADDOP_NAME(c, loc, opcode, e->v.Attribute.attr, names);
+                loc = update_start_location_to_match_attr(c, loc, e);
+                ADDOP(c, loc, NOP);
+                return SUCCESS;
+            }
+        }
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(_PyCompile_MaybeAddStaticAttributeToClass(c, e));
+        VISIT(c, expr, e->v.Attribute.value);
+        loc = LOC(e);
+        loc = update_start_location_to_match_attr(c, loc, e);
+        switch (e->v.Attribute.ctx) {
+        case Load:
+            ADDOP_NAME(c, loc, LOAD_ATTR, e->v.Attribute.attr, names);
+            break;
+        case Store:
+            ADDOP_NAME(c, loc, STORE_ATTR, e->v.Attribute.attr, names);
+            break;
+        case Del:
+            ADDOP_NAME(c, loc, DELETE_ATTR, e->v.Attribute.attr, names);
+            break;
+        }
+        break;
+    case Subscript_kind:
+        return codegen_subscript(c, e);
+    case Starred_kind:
+        switch (e->v.Starred.ctx) {
+        case Store:
+            /* In all legitimate cases, the Starred node was already replaced
+             * by codegen_list/codegen_tuple. XXX: is that okay? */
+            return _PyCompile_Error(c, loc,
+                "starred assignment target must be in a list or tuple");
+        default:
+            return _PyCompile_Error(c, loc,
+                "can't use starred expression here");
+        }
+        break;
+    case Slice_kind:
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_slice(c, e));
+        break;
+    case Name_kind:
+        return codegen_nameop(c, loc, e->v.Name.id, e->v.Name.ctx);
+    /* child nodes of List and Tuple will have expr_context set */
+    case List_kind:
+        return codegen_list(c, e);
+    case Tuple_kind:
+        return codegen_tuple(c, e);
+    }
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static bool
+is_constant_slice(expr_ty s)
+{
+    return s->kind == Slice_kind &&
+        (s->v.Slice.lower == NULL ||
+         s->v.Slice.lower->kind == Constant_kind) &&
+        (s->v.Slice.upper == NULL ||
+         s->v.Slice.upper->kind == Constant_kind) &&
+        (s->v.Slice.step == NULL ||
+         s->v.Slice.step->kind == Constant_kind);
+}
+
+static bool
+should_apply_two_element_slice_optimization(expr_ty s)
+{
+    return !is_constant_slice(s) &&
+           s->kind == Slice_kind &&
+           s->v.Slice.step == NULL;
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_augassign(compiler *c, stmt_ty s)
+{
+    assert(s->kind == AugAssign_kind);
+    expr_ty e = s->v.AugAssign.target;
+
+    location loc = LOC(e);
+
+    switch (e->kind) {
+    case Attribute_kind:
+        VISIT(c, expr, e->v.Attribute.value);
+        ADDOP_I(c, loc, COPY, 1);
+        loc = update_start_location_to_match_attr(c, loc, e);
+        ADDOP_NAME(c, loc, LOAD_ATTR, e->v.Attribute.attr, names);
+        break;
+    case Subscript_kind:
+        VISIT(c, expr, e->v.Subscript.value);
+        if (should_apply_two_element_slice_optimization(e->v.Subscript.slice)) {
+            RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_slice_two_parts(c, e->v.Subscript.slice));
+            ADDOP_I(c, loc, COPY, 3);
+            ADDOP_I(c, loc, COPY, 3);
+            ADDOP_I(c, loc, COPY, 3);
+            ADDOP(c, loc, BINARY_SLICE);
+        }
+        else {
+            VISIT(c, expr, e->v.Subscript.slice);
+            ADDOP_I(c, loc, COPY, 2);
+            ADDOP_I(c, loc, COPY, 2);
+            ADDOP(c, loc, BINARY_SUBSCR);
+        }
+        break;
+    case Name_kind:
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_nameop(c, loc, e->v.Name.id, Load));
+        break;
+    default:
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_SystemError,
+            "invalid node type (%d) for augmented assignment",
+            e->kind);
+        return ERROR;
+    }
+
+    loc = LOC(s);
+
+    VISIT(c, expr, s->v.AugAssign.value);
+    ADDOP_INPLACE(c, loc, s->v.AugAssign.op);
+
+    loc = LOC(e);
+
+    switch (e->kind) {
+    case Attribute_kind:
+        loc = update_start_location_to_match_attr(c, loc, e);
+        ADDOP_I(c, loc, SWAP, 2);
+        ADDOP_NAME(c, loc, STORE_ATTR, e->v.Attribute.attr, names);
+        break;
+    case Subscript_kind:
+        if (should_apply_two_element_slice_optimization(e->v.Subscript.slice)) {
+            ADDOP_I(c, loc, SWAP, 4);
+            ADDOP_I(c, loc, SWAP, 3);
+            ADDOP_I(c, loc, SWAP, 2);
+            ADDOP(c, loc, STORE_SLICE);
+        }
+        else {
+            ADDOP_I(c, loc, SWAP, 3);
+            ADDOP_I(c, loc, SWAP, 2);
+            ADDOP(c, loc, STORE_SUBSCR);
+        }
+        break;
+    case Name_kind:
+        return codegen_nameop(c, loc, e->v.Name.id, Store);
+    default:
+        Py_UNREACHABLE();
+    }
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_check_ann_expr(compiler *c, expr_ty e)
+{
+    VISIT(c, expr, e);
+    ADDOP(c, LOC(e), POP_TOP);
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_check_annotation(compiler *c, stmt_ty s)
+{
+    /* Annotations of complex targets does not produce anything
+       under annotations future */
+    if (FUTURE_FEATURES(c) & CO_FUTURE_ANNOTATIONS) {
+        return SUCCESS;
+    }
+
+    /* Annotations are only evaluated in a module or class. */
+    if (SCOPE_TYPE(c) == COMPILE_SCOPE_MODULE ||
+        SCOPE_TYPE(c) == COMPILE_SCOPE_CLASS) {
+        return codegen_check_ann_expr(c, s->v.AnnAssign.annotation);
+    }
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_check_ann_subscr(compiler *c, expr_ty e)
+{
+    /* We check that everything in a subscript is defined at runtime. */
+    switch (e->kind) {
+    case Slice_kind:
+        if (e->v.Slice.lower && codegen_check_ann_expr(c, e->v.Slice.lower) < 0) {
+            return ERROR;
+        }
+        if (e->v.Slice.upper && codegen_check_ann_expr(c, e->v.Slice.upper) < 0) {
+            return ERROR;
+        }
+        if (e->v.Slice.step && codegen_check_ann_expr(c, e->v.Slice.step) < 0) {
+            return ERROR;
+        }
+        return SUCCESS;
+    case Tuple_kind: {
+        /* extended slice */
+        asdl_expr_seq *elts = e->v.Tuple.elts;
+        Py_ssize_t i, n = asdl_seq_LEN(elts);
+        for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+            RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_check_ann_subscr(c, asdl_seq_GET(elts, i)));
+        }
+        return SUCCESS;
+    }
+    default:
+        return codegen_check_ann_expr(c, e);
+    }
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_annassign(compiler *c, stmt_ty s)
+{
+    location loc = LOC(s);
+    expr_ty targ = s->v.AnnAssign.target;
+    bool future_annotations = FUTURE_FEATURES(c) & CO_FUTURE_ANNOTATIONS;
+    PyObject *mangled;
+
+    assert(s->kind == AnnAssign_kind);
+
+    /* We perform the actual assignment first. */
+    if (s->v.AnnAssign.value) {
+        VISIT(c, expr, s->v.AnnAssign.value);
+        VISIT(c, expr, targ);
+    }
+    switch (targ->kind) {
+    case Name_kind:
+        /* If we have a simple name in a module or class, store annotation. */
+        if (s->v.AnnAssign.simple &&
+            (SCOPE_TYPE(c) == COMPILE_SCOPE_MODULE ||
+             SCOPE_TYPE(c) == COMPILE_SCOPE_CLASS)) {
+            if (future_annotations) {
+                VISIT(c, annexpr, s->v.AnnAssign.annotation);
+                ADDOP_NAME(c, loc, LOAD_NAME, &_Py_ID(__annotations__), names);
+                mangled = _PyCompile_MaybeMangle(c, targ->v.Name.id);
+                ADDOP_LOAD_CONST_NEW(c, loc, mangled);
+                ADDOP(c, loc, STORE_SUBSCR);
+            }
+            else {
+                RETURN_IF_ERROR(_PyCompile_AddDeferredAnnotaion(c, s));
+            }
+        }
+        break;
+    case Attribute_kind:
+        if (!s->v.AnnAssign.value &&
+            codegen_check_ann_expr(c, targ->v.Attribute.value) < 0) {
+            return ERROR;
+        }
+        break;
+    case Subscript_kind:
+        if (!s->v.AnnAssign.value &&
+            (codegen_check_ann_expr(c, targ->v.Subscript.value) < 0 ||
+             codegen_check_ann_subscr(c, targ->v.Subscript.slice) < 0)) {
+                return ERROR;
+        }
+        break;
+    default:
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_SystemError,
+                     "invalid node type (%d) for annotated assignment",
+                     targ->kind);
+        return ERROR;
+    }
+    /* Annotation is evaluated last. */
+    if (future_annotations && !s->v.AnnAssign.simple && codegen_check_annotation(c, s) < 0) {
+        return ERROR;
+    }
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_subscript(compiler *c, expr_ty e)
+{
+    location loc = LOC(e);
+    expr_context_ty ctx = e->v.Subscript.ctx;
+    int op = 0;
+
+    if (ctx == Load) {
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(check_subscripter(c, e->v.Subscript.value));
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(check_index(c, e->v.Subscript.value, e->v.Subscript.slice));
+    }
+
+    VISIT(c, expr, e->v.Subscript.value);
+    if (should_apply_two_element_slice_optimization(e->v.Subscript.slice) &&
+        ctx != Del
+    ) {
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_slice_two_parts(c, e->v.Subscript.slice));
+        if (ctx == Load) {
+            ADDOP(c, loc, BINARY_SLICE);
+        }
+        else {
+            assert(ctx == Store);
+            ADDOP(c, loc, STORE_SLICE);
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        VISIT(c, expr, e->v.Subscript.slice);
+        switch (ctx) {
+            case Load:    op = BINARY_SUBSCR; break;
+            case Store:   op = STORE_SUBSCR; break;
+            case Del:     op = DELETE_SUBSCR; break;
+        }
+        assert(op);
+        ADDOP(c, loc, op);
+    }
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_slice_two_parts(compiler *c, expr_ty s)
+{
+    if (s->v.Slice.lower) {
+        VISIT(c, expr, s->v.Slice.lower);
+    }
+    else {
+        ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, LOC(s), Py_None);
+    }
+
+    if (s->v.Slice.upper) {
+        VISIT(c, expr, s->v.Slice.upper);
+    }
+    else {
+        ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, LOC(s), Py_None);
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_slice(compiler *c, expr_ty s)
+{
+    int n = 2;
+    assert(s->kind == Slice_kind);
+
+    if (is_constant_slice(s)) {
+        PyObject *start = NULL;
+        if (s->v.Slice.lower) {
+            start = s->v.Slice.lower->v.Constant.value;
+        }
+        PyObject *stop = NULL;
+        if (s->v.Slice.upper) {
+            stop = s->v.Slice.upper->v.Constant.value;
+        }
+        PyObject *step = NULL;
+        if (s->v.Slice.step) {
+            step = s->v.Slice.step->v.Constant.value;
+        }
+        PyObject *slice = PySlice_New(start, stop, step);
+        if (slice == NULL) {
+            return ERROR;
+        }
+        ADDOP_LOAD_CONST_NEW(c, LOC(s), slice);
+        return SUCCESS;
+    }
+
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_slice_two_parts(c, s));
+
+    if (s->v.Slice.step) {
+        n++;
+        VISIT(c, expr, s->v.Slice.step);
+    }
+
+    ADDOP_I(c, LOC(s), BUILD_SLICE, n);
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+
+// PEP 634: Structural Pattern Matching
+
+// To keep things simple, all codegen_pattern_* routines follow the convention
+// of consuming TOS (the subject for the given pattern) and calling
+// jump_to_fail_pop on failure (no match).
+
+// When calling into these routines, it's important that pc->on_top be kept
+// updated to reflect the current number of items that we are using on the top
+// of the stack: they will be popped on failure, and any name captures will be
+// stored *underneath* them on success. This lets us defer all names stores
+// until the *entire* pattern matches.
+
+#define WILDCARD_CHECK(N) \
+    ((N)->kind == MatchAs_kind && !(N)->v.MatchAs.name)
+
+#define WILDCARD_STAR_CHECK(N) \
+    ((N)->kind == MatchStar_kind && !(N)->v.MatchStar.name)
+
+// Limit permitted subexpressions, even if the parser & AST validator let them through
+#define MATCH_VALUE_EXPR(N) \
+    ((N)->kind == Constant_kind || (N)->kind == Attribute_kind)
+
+// Allocate or resize pc->fail_pop to allow for n items to be popped on failure.
+static int
+ensure_fail_pop(compiler *c, pattern_context *pc, Py_ssize_t n)
+{
+    Py_ssize_t size = n + 1;
+    if (size <= pc->fail_pop_size) {
+        return SUCCESS;
+    }
+    Py_ssize_t needed = sizeof(jump_target_label) * size;
+    jump_target_label *resized = PyMem_Realloc(pc->fail_pop, needed);
+    if (resized == NULL) {
+        PyErr_NoMemory();
+        return ERROR;
+    }
+    pc->fail_pop = resized;
+    while (pc->fail_pop_size < size) {
+        NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, new_block);
+        pc->fail_pop[pc->fail_pop_size++] = new_block;
+    }
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+// Use op to jump to the correct fail_pop block.
+static int
+jump_to_fail_pop(compiler *c, location loc,
+                 pattern_context *pc, int op)
+{
+    // Pop any items on the top of the stack, plus any objects we were going to
+    // capture on success:
+    Py_ssize_t pops = pc->on_top + PyList_GET_SIZE(pc->stores);
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(ensure_fail_pop(c, pc, pops));
+    ADDOP_JUMP(c, loc, op, pc->fail_pop[pops]);
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+// Build all of the fail_pop blocks and reset fail_pop.
+static int
+emit_and_reset_fail_pop(compiler *c, location loc,
+                        pattern_context *pc)
+{
+    if (!pc->fail_pop_size) {
+        assert(pc->fail_pop == NULL);
+        return SUCCESS;
+    }
+    while (--pc->fail_pop_size) {
+        USE_LABEL(c, pc->fail_pop[pc->fail_pop_size]);
+        if (codegen_addop_noarg(INSTR_SEQUENCE(c), POP_TOP, loc) < 0) {
+            pc->fail_pop_size = 0;
+            PyMem_Free(pc->fail_pop);
+            pc->fail_pop = NULL;
+            return ERROR;
+        }
+    }
+    USE_LABEL(c, pc->fail_pop[0]);
+    PyMem_Free(pc->fail_pop);
+    pc->fail_pop = NULL;
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_error_duplicate_store(compiler *c, location loc, identifier n)
+{
+    return _PyCompile_Error(c, loc,
+        "multiple assignments to name %R in pattern", n);
+}
+
+// Duplicate the effect of 3.10's ROT_* instructions using SWAPs.
+static int
+codegen_pattern_helper_rotate(compiler *c, location loc, Py_ssize_t count)
+{
+    while (1 < count) {
+        ADDOP_I(c, loc, SWAP, count--);
+    }
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_pattern_helper_store_name(compiler *c, location loc,
+                                  identifier n, pattern_context *pc)
+{
+    if (n == NULL) {
+        ADDOP(c, loc, POP_TOP);
+        return SUCCESS;
+    }
+    // Can't assign to the same name twice:
+    int duplicate = PySequence_Contains(pc->stores, n);
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(duplicate);
+    if (duplicate) {
+        return codegen_error_duplicate_store(c, loc, n);
+    }
+    // Rotate this object underneath any items we need to preserve:
+    Py_ssize_t rotations = pc->on_top + PyList_GET_SIZE(pc->stores) + 1;
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_pattern_helper_rotate(c, loc, rotations));
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(PyList_Append(pc->stores, n));
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+
+static int
+codegen_pattern_unpack_helper(compiler *c, location loc,
+                              asdl_pattern_seq *elts)
+{
+    Py_ssize_t n = asdl_seq_LEN(elts);
+    int seen_star = 0;
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        pattern_ty elt = asdl_seq_GET(elts, i);
+        if (elt->kind == MatchStar_kind && !seen_star) {
+            if ((i >= (1 << 8)) ||
+                (n-i-1 >= (INT_MAX >> 8))) {
+                return _PyCompile_Error(c, loc,
+                    "too many expressions in "
+                    "star-unpacking sequence pattern");
+            }
+            ADDOP_I(c, loc, UNPACK_EX, (i + ((n-i-1) << 8)));
+            seen_star = 1;
+        }
+        else if (elt->kind == MatchStar_kind) {
+            return _PyCompile_Error(c, loc,
+                "multiple starred expressions in sequence pattern");
+        }
+    }
+    if (!seen_star) {
+        ADDOP_I(c, loc, UNPACK_SEQUENCE, n);
+    }
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+pattern_helper_sequence_unpack(compiler *c, location loc,
+                               asdl_pattern_seq *patterns, Py_ssize_t star,
+                               pattern_context *pc)
+{
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_pattern_unpack_helper(c, loc, patterns));
+    Py_ssize_t size = asdl_seq_LEN(patterns);
+    // We've now got a bunch of new subjects on the stack. They need to remain
+    // there after each subpattern match:
+    pc->on_top += size;
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+        // One less item to keep track of each time we loop through:
+        pc->on_top--;
+        pattern_ty pattern = asdl_seq_GET(patterns, i);
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_pattern_subpattern(c, pattern, pc));
+    }
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+// Like pattern_helper_sequence_unpack, but uses BINARY_SUBSCR instead of
+// UNPACK_SEQUENCE / UNPACK_EX. This is more efficient for patterns with a
+// starred wildcard like [first, *_] / [first, *_, last] / [*_, last] / etc.
+static int
+pattern_helper_sequence_subscr(compiler *c, location loc,
+                               asdl_pattern_seq *patterns, Py_ssize_t star,
+                               pattern_context *pc)
+{
+    // We need to keep the subject around for extracting elements:
+    pc->on_top++;
+    Py_ssize_t size = asdl_seq_LEN(patterns);
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+        pattern_ty pattern = asdl_seq_GET(patterns, i);
+        if (WILDCARD_CHECK(pattern)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (i == star) {
+            assert(WILDCARD_STAR_CHECK(pattern));
+            continue;
+        }
+        ADDOP_I(c, loc, COPY, 1);
+        if (i < star) {
+            ADDOP_LOAD_CONST_NEW(c, loc, PyLong_FromSsize_t(i));
+        }
+        else {
+            // The subject may not support negative indexing! Compute a
+            // nonnegative index:
+            ADDOP(c, loc, GET_LEN);
+            ADDOP_LOAD_CONST_NEW(c, loc, PyLong_FromSsize_t(size - i));
+            ADDOP_BINARY(c, loc, Sub);
+        }
+        ADDOP(c, loc, BINARY_SUBSCR);
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_pattern_subpattern(c, pattern, pc));
+    }
+    // Pop the subject, we're done with it:
+    pc->on_top--;
+    ADDOP(c, loc, POP_TOP);
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+// Like codegen_pattern, but turn off checks for irrefutability.
+static int
+codegen_pattern_subpattern(compiler *c,
+                            pattern_ty p, pattern_context *pc)
+{
+    int allow_irrefutable = pc->allow_irrefutable;
+    pc->allow_irrefutable = 1;
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_pattern(c, p, pc));
+    pc->allow_irrefutable = allow_irrefutable;
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_pattern_as(compiler *c, pattern_ty p, pattern_context *pc)
+{
+    assert(p->kind == MatchAs_kind);
+    if (p->v.MatchAs.pattern == NULL) {
+        // An irrefutable match:
+        if (!pc->allow_irrefutable) {
+            if (p->v.MatchAs.name) {
+                const char *e = "name capture %R makes remaining patterns unreachable";
+                return _PyCompile_Error(c, LOC(p), e, p->v.MatchAs.name);
+            }
+            const char *e = "wildcard makes remaining patterns unreachable";
+            return _PyCompile_Error(c, LOC(p), e);
+        }
+        return codegen_pattern_helper_store_name(c, LOC(p), p->v.MatchAs.name, pc);
+    }
+    // Need to make a copy for (possibly) storing later:
+    pc->on_top++;
+    ADDOP_I(c, LOC(p), COPY, 1);
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_pattern(c, p->v.MatchAs.pattern, pc));
+    // Success! Store it:
+    pc->on_top--;
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_pattern_helper_store_name(c, LOC(p), p->v.MatchAs.name, pc));
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_pattern_star(compiler *c, pattern_ty p, pattern_context *pc)
+{
+    assert(p->kind == MatchStar_kind);
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(
+        codegen_pattern_helper_store_name(c, LOC(p), p->v.MatchStar.name, pc));
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+validate_kwd_attrs(compiler *c, asdl_identifier_seq *attrs, asdl_pattern_seq* patterns)
+{
+    // Any errors will point to the pattern rather than the arg name as the
+    // parser is only supplying identifiers rather than Name or keyword nodes
+    Py_ssize_t nattrs = asdl_seq_LEN(attrs);
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < nattrs; i++) {
+        identifier attr = ((identifier)asdl_seq_GET(attrs, i));
+        for (Py_ssize_t j = i + 1; j < nattrs; j++) {
+            identifier other = ((identifier)asdl_seq_GET(attrs, j));
+            if (!PyUnicode_Compare(attr, other)) {
+                location loc = LOC((pattern_ty) asdl_seq_GET(patterns, j));
+                return _PyCompile_Error(c, loc, "attribute name repeated "
+                                                "in class pattern: %U", attr);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_pattern_class(compiler *c, pattern_ty p, pattern_context *pc)
+{
+    assert(p->kind == MatchClass_kind);
+    asdl_pattern_seq *patterns = p->v.MatchClass.patterns;
+    asdl_identifier_seq *kwd_attrs = p->v.MatchClass.kwd_attrs;
+    asdl_pattern_seq *kwd_patterns = p->v.MatchClass.kwd_patterns;
+    Py_ssize_t nargs = asdl_seq_LEN(patterns);
+    Py_ssize_t nattrs = asdl_seq_LEN(kwd_attrs);
+    Py_ssize_t nkwd_patterns = asdl_seq_LEN(kwd_patterns);
+    if (nattrs != nkwd_patterns) {
+        // AST validator shouldn't let this happen, but if it does,
+        // just fail, don't crash out of the interpreter
+        const char * e = "kwd_attrs (%d) / kwd_patterns (%d) length mismatch in class pattern";
+        return _PyCompile_Error(c, LOC(p), e, nattrs, nkwd_patterns);
+    }
+    if (INT_MAX < nargs || INT_MAX < nargs + nattrs - 1) {
+        const char *e = "too many sub-patterns in class pattern %R";
+        return _PyCompile_Error(c, LOC(p), e, p->v.MatchClass.cls);
+    }
+    if (nattrs) {
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(validate_kwd_attrs(c, kwd_attrs, kwd_patterns));
+    }
+    VISIT(c, expr, p->v.MatchClass.cls);
+    PyObject *attr_names = PyTuple_New(nattrs);
+    if (attr_names == NULL) {
+        return ERROR;
+    }
+    Py_ssize_t i;
+    for (i = 0; i < nattrs; i++) {
+        PyObject *name = asdl_seq_GET(kwd_attrs, i);
+        PyTuple_SET_ITEM(attr_names, i, Py_NewRef(name));
+    }
+    ADDOP_LOAD_CONST_NEW(c, LOC(p), attr_names);
+    ADDOP_I(c, LOC(p), MATCH_CLASS, nargs);
+    ADDOP_I(c, LOC(p), COPY, 1);
+    ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, LOC(p), Py_None);
+    ADDOP_I(c, LOC(p), IS_OP, 1);
+    // TOS is now a tuple of (nargs + nattrs) attributes (or None):
+    pc->on_top++;
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(jump_to_fail_pop(c, LOC(p), pc, POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE));
+    ADDOP_I(c, LOC(p), UNPACK_SEQUENCE, nargs + nattrs);
+    pc->on_top += nargs + nattrs - 1;
+    for (i = 0; i < nargs + nattrs; i++) {
+        pc->on_top--;
+        pattern_ty pattern;
+        if (i < nargs) {
+            // Positional:
+            pattern = asdl_seq_GET(patterns, i);
+        }
+        else {
+            // Keyword:
+            pattern = asdl_seq_GET(kwd_patterns, i - nargs);
+        }
+        if (WILDCARD_CHECK(pattern)) {
+            ADDOP(c, LOC(p), POP_TOP);
+            continue;
+        }
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_pattern_subpattern(c, pattern, pc));
+    }
+    // Success! Pop the tuple of attributes:
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_pattern_mapping_key(compiler *c, PyObject *seen, pattern_ty p, Py_ssize_t i)
+{
+    asdl_expr_seq *keys = p->v.MatchMapping.keys;
+    asdl_pattern_seq *patterns = p->v.MatchMapping.patterns;
+    expr_ty key = asdl_seq_GET(keys, i);
+    if (key == NULL) {
+        const char *e = "can't use NULL keys in MatchMapping "
+                        "(set 'rest' parameter instead)";
+        location loc = LOC((pattern_ty) asdl_seq_GET(patterns, i));
+        return _PyCompile_Error(c, loc, e);
+    }
+
+    if (key->kind == Constant_kind) {
+        int in_seen = PySet_Contains(seen, key->v.Constant.value);
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(in_seen);
+        if (in_seen) {
+            const char *e = "mapping pattern checks duplicate key (%R)";
+            return _PyCompile_Error(c, LOC(p), e, key->v.Constant.value);
+        }
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(PySet_Add(seen, key->v.Constant.value));
+    }
+    else if (key->kind != Attribute_kind) {
+        const char *e = "mapping pattern keys may only match literals and attribute lookups";
+        return _PyCompile_Error(c, LOC(p), e);
+    }
+    VISIT(c, expr, key);
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_pattern_mapping(compiler *c, pattern_ty p,
+                        pattern_context *pc)
+{
+    assert(p->kind == MatchMapping_kind);
+    asdl_expr_seq *keys = p->v.MatchMapping.keys;
+    asdl_pattern_seq *patterns = p->v.MatchMapping.patterns;
+    Py_ssize_t size = asdl_seq_LEN(keys);
+    Py_ssize_t npatterns = asdl_seq_LEN(patterns);
+    if (size != npatterns) {
+        // AST validator shouldn't let this happen, but if it does,
+        // just fail, don't crash out of the interpreter
+        const char * e = "keys (%d) / patterns (%d) length mismatch in mapping pattern";
+        return _PyCompile_Error(c, LOC(p), e, size, npatterns);
+    }
+    // We have a double-star target if "rest" is set
+    PyObject *star_target = p->v.MatchMapping.rest;
+    // We need to keep the subject on top during the mapping and length checks:
+    pc->on_top++;
+    ADDOP(c, LOC(p), MATCH_MAPPING);
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(jump_to_fail_pop(c, LOC(p), pc, POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE));
+    if (!size && !star_target) {
+        // If the pattern is just "{}", we're done! Pop the subject:
+        pc->on_top--;
+        ADDOP(c, LOC(p), POP_TOP);
+        return SUCCESS;
+    }
+    if (size) {
+        // If the pattern has any keys in it, perform a length check:
+        ADDOP(c, LOC(p), GET_LEN);
+        ADDOP_LOAD_CONST_NEW(c, LOC(p), PyLong_FromSsize_t(size));
+        ADDOP_COMPARE(c, LOC(p), GtE);
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(jump_to_fail_pop(c, LOC(p), pc, POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE));
+    }
+    if (INT_MAX < size - 1) {
+        return _PyCompile_Error(c, LOC(p), "too many sub-patterns in mapping pattern");
+    }
+    // Collect all of the keys into a tuple for MATCH_KEYS and
+    // **rest. They can either be dotted names or literals:
+
+    // Maintaining a set of Constant_kind kind keys allows us to raise a
+    // SyntaxError in the case of duplicates.
+    PyObject *seen = PySet_New(NULL);
+    if (seen == NULL) {
+        return ERROR;
+    }
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+        if (codegen_pattern_mapping_key(c, seen, p, i) < 0) {
+            Py_DECREF(seen);
+            return ERROR;
+        }
+    }
+    Py_DECREF(seen);
+
+    // all keys have been checked; there are no duplicates
+
+    ADDOP_I(c, LOC(p), BUILD_TUPLE, size);
+    ADDOP(c, LOC(p), MATCH_KEYS);
+    // There's now a tuple of keys and a tuple of values on top of the subject:
+    pc->on_top += 2;
+    ADDOP_I(c, LOC(p), COPY, 1);
+    ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, LOC(p), Py_None);
+    ADDOP_I(c, LOC(p), IS_OP, 1);
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(jump_to_fail_pop(c, LOC(p), pc, POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE));
+    // So far so good. Use that tuple of values on the stack to match
+    // sub-patterns against:
+    ADDOP_I(c, LOC(p), UNPACK_SEQUENCE, size);
+    pc->on_top += size - 1;
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+        pc->on_top--;
+        pattern_ty pattern = asdl_seq_GET(patterns, i);
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_pattern_subpattern(c, pattern, pc));
+    }
+    // If we get this far, it's a match! Whatever happens next should consume
+    // the tuple of keys and the subject:
+    pc->on_top -= 2;
+    if (star_target) {
+        // If we have a starred name, bind a dict of remaining items to it (this may
+        // seem a bit inefficient, but keys is rarely big enough to actually impact
+        // runtime):
+        // rest = dict(TOS1)
+        // for key in TOS:
+        //     del rest[key]
+        ADDOP_I(c, LOC(p), BUILD_MAP, 0);           // [subject, keys, empty]
+        ADDOP_I(c, LOC(p), SWAP, 3);                // [empty, keys, subject]
+        ADDOP_I(c, LOC(p), DICT_UPDATE, 2);         // [copy, keys]
+        ADDOP_I(c, LOC(p), UNPACK_SEQUENCE, size);  // [copy, keys...]
+        while (size) {
+            ADDOP_I(c, LOC(p), COPY, 1 + size--);   // [copy, keys..., copy]
+            ADDOP_I(c, LOC(p), SWAP, 2);            // [copy, keys..., copy, key]
+            ADDOP(c, LOC(p), DELETE_SUBSCR);        // [copy, keys...]
+        }
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_pattern_helper_store_name(c, LOC(p), star_target, pc));
+    }
+    else {
+        ADDOP(c, LOC(p), POP_TOP);  // Tuple of keys.
+        ADDOP(c, LOC(p), POP_TOP);  // Subject.
+    }
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_pattern_or(compiler *c, pattern_ty p, pattern_context *pc)
+{
+    assert(p->kind == MatchOr_kind);
+    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, end);
+    Py_ssize_t size = asdl_seq_LEN(p->v.MatchOr.patterns);
+    assert(size > 1);
+    // We're going to be messing with pc. Keep the original info handy:
+    pattern_context old_pc = *pc;
+    Py_INCREF(pc->stores);
+    // control is the list of names bound by the first alternative. It is used
+    // for checking different name bindings in alternatives, and for correcting
+    // the order in which extracted elements are placed on the stack.
+    PyObject *control = NULL;
+    // NOTE: We can't use returning macros anymore! goto error on error.
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+        pattern_ty alt = asdl_seq_GET(p->v.MatchOr.patterns, i);
+        PyObject *pc_stores = PyList_New(0);
+        if (pc_stores == NULL) {
+            goto error;
+        }
+        Py_SETREF(pc->stores, pc_stores);
+        // An irrefutable sub-pattern must be last, if it is allowed at all:
+        pc->allow_irrefutable = (i == size - 1) && old_pc.allow_irrefutable;
+        pc->fail_pop = NULL;
+        pc->fail_pop_size = 0;
+        pc->on_top = 0;
+        if (codegen_addop_i(INSTR_SEQUENCE(c), COPY, 1, LOC(alt)) < 0 ||
+            codegen_pattern(c, alt, pc) < 0) {
+            goto error;
+        }
+        // Success!
+        Py_ssize_t nstores = PyList_GET_SIZE(pc->stores);
+        if (!i) {
+            // This is the first alternative, so save its stores as a "control"
+            // for the others (they can't bind a different set of names, and
+            // might need to be reordered):
+            assert(control == NULL);
+            control = Py_NewRef(pc->stores);
+        }
+        else if (nstores != PyList_GET_SIZE(control)) {
+            goto diff;
+        }
+        else if (nstores) {
+            // There were captures. Check to see if we differ from control:
+            Py_ssize_t icontrol = nstores;
+            while (icontrol--) {
+                PyObject *name = PyList_GET_ITEM(control, icontrol);
+                Py_ssize_t istores = PySequence_Index(pc->stores, name);
+                if (istores < 0) {
+                    PyErr_Clear();
+                    goto diff;
+                }
+                if (icontrol != istores) {
+                    // Reorder the names on the stack to match the order of the
+                    // names in control. There's probably a better way of doing
+                    // this; the current solution is potentially very
+                    // inefficient when each alternative subpattern binds lots
+                    // of names in different orders. It's fine for reasonable
+                    // cases, though, and the peephole optimizer will ensure
+                    // that the final code is as efficient as possible.
+                    assert(istores < icontrol);
+                    Py_ssize_t rotations = istores + 1;
+                    // Perform the same rotation on pc->stores:
+                    PyObject *rotated = PyList_GetSlice(pc->stores, 0,
+                                                        rotations);
+                    if (rotated == NULL ||
+                        PyList_SetSlice(pc->stores, 0, rotations, NULL) ||
+                        PyList_SetSlice(pc->stores, icontrol - istores,
+                                        icontrol - istores, rotated))
+                    {
+                        Py_XDECREF(rotated);
+                        goto error;
+                    }
+                    Py_DECREF(rotated);
+                    // That just did:
+                    // rotated = pc_stores[:rotations]
+                    // del pc_stores[:rotations]
+                    // pc_stores[icontrol-istores:icontrol-istores] = rotated
+                    // Do the same thing to the stack, using several
+                    // rotations:
+                    while (rotations--) {
+                        if (codegen_pattern_helper_rotate(c, LOC(alt), icontrol + 1) < 0) {
+                            goto error;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        assert(control);
+        if (codegen_addop_j(INSTR_SEQUENCE(c), LOC(alt), JUMP, end) < 0 ||
+            emit_and_reset_fail_pop(c, LOC(alt), pc) < 0)
+        {
+            goto error;
+        }
+    }
+    Py_DECREF(pc->stores);
+    *pc = old_pc;
+    Py_INCREF(pc->stores);
+    // Need to NULL this for the PyMem_Free call in the error block.
+    old_pc.fail_pop = NULL;
+    // No match. Pop the remaining copy of the subject and fail:
+    if (codegen_addop_noarg(INSTR_SEQUENCE(c), POP_TOP, LOC(p)) < 0 ||
+        jump_to_fail_pop(c, LOC(p), pc, JUMP) < 0) {
+        goto error;
+    }
+
+    USE_LABEL(c, end);
+    Py_ssize_t nstores = PyList_GET_SIZE(control);
+    // There's a bunch of stuff on the stack between where the new stores
+    // are and where they need to be:
+    // - The other stores.
+    // - A copy of the subject.
+    // - Anything else that may be on top of the stack.
+    // - Any previous stores we've already stashed away on the stack.
+    Py_ssize_t nrots = nstores + 1 + pc->on_top + PyList_GET_SIZE(pc->stores);
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < nstores; i++) {
+        // Rotate this capture to its proper place on the stack:
+        if (codegen_pattern_helper_rotate(c, LOC(p), nrots) < 0) {
+            goto error;
+        }
+        // Update the list of previous stores with this new name, checking for
+        // duplicates:
+        PyObject *name = PyList_GET_ITEM(control, i);
+        int dupe = PySequence_Contains(pc->stores, name);
+        if (dupe < 0) {
+            goto error;
+        }
+        if (dupe) {
+            codegen_error_duplicate_store(c, LOC(p), name);
+            goto error;
+        }
+        if (PyList_Append(pc->stores, name)) {
+            goto error;
+        }
+    }
+    Py_DECREF(old_pc.stores);
+    Py_DECREF(control);
+    // NOTE: Returning macros are safe again.
+    // Pop the copy of the subject:
+    ADDOP(c, LOC(p), POP_TOP);
+    return SUCCESS;
+diff:
+    _PyCompile_Error(c, LOC(p), "alternative patterns bind different names");
+error:
+    PyMem_Free(old_pc.fail_pop);
+    Py_DECREF(old_pc.stores);
+    Py_XDECREF(control);
+    return ERROR;
+}
+
+
+static int
+codegen_pattern_sequence(compiler *c, pattern_ty p,
+                         pattern_context *pc)
+{
+    assert(p->kind == MatchSequence_kind);
+    asdl_pattern_seq *patterns = p->v.MatchSequence.patterns;
+    Py_ssize_t size = asdl_seq_LEN(patterns);
+    Py_ssize_t star = -1;
+    int only_wildcard = 1;
+    int star_wildcard = 0;
+    // Find a starred name, if it exists. There may be at most one:
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+        pattern_ty pattern = asdl_seq_GET(patterns, i);
+        if (pattern->kind == MatchStar_kind) {
+            if (star >= 0) {
+                const char *e = "multiple starred names in sequence pattern";
+                return _PyCompile_Error(c, LOC(p), e);
+            }
+            star_wildcard = WILDCARD_STAR_CHECK(pattern);
+            only_wildcard &= star_wildcard;
+            star = i;
+            continue;
+        }
+        only_wildcard &= WILDCARD_CHECK(pattern);
+    }
+    // We need to keep the subject on top during the sequence and length checks:
+    pc->on_top++;
+    ADDOP(c, LOC(p), MATCH_SEQUENCE);
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(jump_to_fail_pop(c, LOC(p), pc, POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE));
+    if (star < 0) {
+        // No star: len(subject) == size
+        ADDOP(c, LOC(p), GET_LEN);
+        ADDOP_LOAD_CONST_NEW(c, LOC(p), PyLong_FromSsize_t(size));
+        ADDOP_COMPARE(c, LOC(p), Eq);
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(jump_to_fail_pop(c, LOC(p), pc, POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE));
+    }
+    else if (size > 1) {
+        // Star: len(subject) >= size - 1
+        ADDOP(c, LOC(p), GET_LEN);
+        ADDOP_LOAD_CONST_NEW(c, LOC(p), PyLong_FromSsize_t(size - 1));
+        ADDOP_COMPARE(c, LOC(p), GtE);
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(jump_to_fail_pop(c, LOC(p), pc, POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE));
+    }
+    // Whatever comes next should consume the subject:
+    pc->on_top--;
+    if (only_wildcard) {
+        // Patterns like: [] / [_] / [_, _] / [*_] / [_, *_] / [_, _, *_] / etc.
+        ADDOP(c, LOC(p), POP_TOP);
+    }
+    else if (star_wildcard) {
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(pattern_helper_sequence_subscr(c, LOC(p), patterns, star, pc));
+    }
+    else {
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(pattern_helper_sequence_unpack(c, LOC(p), patterns, star, pc));
+    }
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_pattern_value(compiler *c, pattern_ty p, pattern_context *pc)
+{
+    assert(p->kind == MatchValue_kind);
+    expr_ty value = p->v.MatchValue.value;
+    if (!MATCH_VALUE_EXPR(value)) {
+        const char *e = "patterns may only match literals and attribute lookups";
+        return _PyCompile_Error(c, LOC(p), e);
+    }
+    VISIT(c, expr, value);
+    ADDOP_COMPARE(c, LOC(p), Eq);
+    ADDOP(c, LOC(p), TO_BOOL);
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(jump_to_fail_pop(c, LOC(p), pc, POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE));
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_pattern_singleton(compiler *c, pattern_ty p, pattern_context *pc)
+{
+    assert(p->kind == MatchSingleton_kind);
+    ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, LOC(p), p->v.MatchSingleton.value);
+    ADDOP_COMPARE(c, LOC(p), Is);
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(jump_to_fail_pop(c, LOC(p), pc, POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE));
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_pattern(compiler *c, pattern_ty p, pattern_context *pc)
+{
+    switch (p->kind) {
+        case MatchValue_kind:
+            return codegen_pattern_value(c, p, pc);
+        case MatchSingleton_kind:
+            return codegen_pattern_singleton(c, p, pc);
+        case MatchSequence_kind:
+            return codegen_pattern_sequence(c, p, pc);
+        case MatchMapping_kind:
+            return codegen_pattern_mapping(c, p, pc);
+        case MatchClass_kind:
+            return codegen_pattern_class(c, p, pc);
+        case MatchStar_kind:
+            return codegen_pattern_star(c, p, pc);
+        case MatchAs_kind:
+            return codegen_pattern_as(c, p, pc);
+        case MatchOr_kind:
+            return codegen_pattern_or(c, p, pc);
+    }
+    // AST validator shouldn't let this happen, but if it does,
+    // just fail, don't crash out of the interpreter
+    const char *e = "invalid match pattern node in AST (kind=%d)";
+    return _PyCompile_Error(c, LOC(p), e, p->kind);
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_match_inner(compiler *c, stmt_ty s, pattern_context *pc)
+{
+    VISIT(c, expr, s->v.Match.subject);
+    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, end);
+    Py_ssize_t cases = asdl_seq_LEN(s->v.Match.cases);
+    assert(cases > 0);
+    match_case_ty m = asdl_seq_GET(s->v.Match.cases, cases - 1);
+    int has_default = WILDCARD_CHECK(m->pattern) && 1 < cases;
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < cases - has_default; i++) {
+        m = asdl_seq_GET(s->v.Match.cases, i);
+        // Only copy the subject if we're *not* on the last case:
+        if (i != cases - has_default - 1) {
+            ADDOP_I(c, LOC(m->pattern), COPY, 1);
+        }
+        pc->stores = PyList_New(0);
+        if (pc->stores == NULL) {
+            return ERROR;
+        }
+        // Irrefutable cases must be either guarded, last, or both:
+        pc->allow_irrefutable = m->guard != NULL || i == cases - 1;
+        pc->fail_pop = NULL;
+        pc->fail_pop_size = 0;
+        pc->on_top = 0;
+        // NOTE: Can't use returning macros here (they'll leak pc->stores)!
+        if (codegen_pattern(c, m->pattern, pc) < 0) {
+            Py_DECREF(pc->stores);
+            return ERROR;
+        }
+        assert(!pc->on_top);
+        // It's a match! Store all of the captured names (they're on the stack).
+        Py_ssize_t nstores = PyList_GET_SIZE(pc->stores);
+        for (Py_ssize_t n = 0; n < nstores; n++) {
+            PyObject *name = PyList_GET_ITEM(pc->stores, n);
+            if (codegen_nameop(c, LOC(m->pattern), name, Store) < 0) {
+                Py_DECREF(pc->stores);
+                return ERROR;
+            }
+        }
+        Py_DECREF(pc->stores);
+        // NOTE: Returning macros are safe again.
+        if (m->guard) {
+            RETURN_IF_ERROR(ensure_fail_pop(c, pc, 0));
+            RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_jump_if(c, LOC(m->pattern), m->guard, pc->fail_pop[0], 0));
+        }
+        // Success! Pop the subject off, we're done with it:
+        if (i != cases - has_default - 1) {
+            ADDOP(c, LOC(m->pattern), POP_TOP);
+        }
+        VISIT_SEQ(c, stmt, m->body);
+        ADDOP_JUMP(c, NO_LOCATION, JUMP, end);
+        // If the pattern fails to match, we want the line number of the
+        // cleanup to be associated with the failed pattern, not the last line
+        // of the body
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(emit_and_reset_fail_pop(c, LOC(m->pattern), pc));
+    }
+    if (has_default) {
+        // A trailing "case _" is common, and lets us save a bit of redundant
+        // pushing and popping in the loop above:
+        m = asdl_seq_GET(s->v.Match.cases, cases - 1);
+        if (cases == 1) {
+            // No matches. Done with the subject:
+            ADDOP(c, LOC(m->pattern), POP_TOP);
+        }
+        else {
+            // Show line coverage for default case (it doesn't create bytecode)
+            ADDOP(c, LOC(m->pattern), NOP);
+        }
+        if (m->guard) {
+            RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_jump_if(c, LOC(m->pattern), m->guard, end, 0));
+        }
+        VISIT_SEQ(c, stmt, m->body);
+    }
+    USE_LABEL(c, end);
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+codegen_match(compiler *c, stmt_ty s)
+{
+    pattern_context pc;
+    pc.fail_pop = NULL;
+    int result = codegen_match_inner(c, s, &pc);
+    PyMem_Free(pc.fail_pop);
+    return result;
+}
+
+#undef WILDCARD_CHECK
+#undef WILDCARD_STAR_CHECK
+
+
+int
+_PyCodegen_AddReturnAtEnd(compiler *c, int addNone)
+{
+    /* Make sure every instruction stream that falls off the end returns None.
+     * This also ensures that no jump target offsets are out of bounds.
+     */
+    if (addNone) {
+        ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, NO_LOCATION, Py_None);
+    }
+    ADDOP(c, NO_LOCATION, RETURN_VALUE);
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
diff --git a/Python/compile.c b/Python/compile.c
index cb724154206b7e..d463fcde204a05 100644
--- a/Python/compile.c
+++ b/Python/compile.c
@@ -6,56 +6,24 @@
  * object:
  *   1. Checks for future statements.  See future.c
  *   2. Builds a symbol table.  See symtable.c.
- *   3. Generate an instruction sequence. See compiler_mod() in this file.
+ *   3. Generate an instruction sequence. See compiler_mod() in this file, which
+ *      calls functions from codegen.c.
  *   4. Generate a control flow graph and run optimizations on it.  See flowgraph.c.
  *   5. Assemble the basic blocks into final code.  See optimize_and_assemble() in
  *      this file, and assembler.c.
  *
- * Note that compiler_mod() suggests module, but the module ast type
- * (mod_ty) has cases for expressions and interactive statements.
- *
- * CAUTION: The VISIT_* macros abort the current function when they
- * encounter a problem. So don't invoke them when there is memory
- * which needs to be released. Code blocks are OK, as the compiler
- * structure takes care of releasing those.  Use the arena to manage
- * objects.
  */
 
 #include <stdbool.h>
 
 #include "Python.h"
-#include "opcode.h"
-#include "pycore_ast.h"           // _PyAST_GetDocString()
-#define NEED_OPCODE_TABLES
-#include "pycore_opcode_utils.h"
-#undef NEED_OPCODE_TABLES
-#include "pycore_code.h"          // _PyCode_New()
+#include "pycore_ast.h"           // PyAST_Check, _PyAST_GetDocString()
 #include "pycore_compile.h"
 #include "pycore_flowgraph.h"
-#include "pycore_instruction_sequence.h" // _PyInstructionSequence_New()
-#include "pycore_intrinsics.h"
-#include "pycore_long.h"          // _PyLong_GetZero()
 #include "pycore_pystate.h"       // _Py_GetConfig()
 #include "pycore_setobject.h"     // _PySet_NextEntry()
-#include "pycore_symtable.h"      // PySTEntryObject, _PyFuture_FromAST()
-
-#define NEED_OPCODE_METADATA
-#include "pycore_opcode_metadata.h" // _PyOpcode_opcode_metadata, _PyOpcode_num_popped/pushed
-#undef NEED_OPCODE_METADATA
 
-#define COMP_GENEXP   0
-#define COMP_LISTCOMP 1
-#define COMP_SETCOMP  2
-#define COMP_DICTCOMP 3
-
-/* A soft limit for stack use, to avoid excessive
- * memory use for large constants, etc.
- *
- * The value 30 is plucked out of thin air.
- * Code that could use more stack than this is
- * rare, so the exact value is unimportant.
- */
-#define STACK_USE_GUIDELINE 30
+#include "cpython/code.h"
 
 #undef SUCCESS
 #undef ERROR
@@ -67,136 +35,12 @@
         return ERROR;       \
     }
 
-#define IS_TOP_LEVEL_AWAIT(C) ( \
-        ((C)->c_flags.cf_flags & PyCF_ALLOW_TOP_LEVEL_AWAIT) \
-        && ((C)->u->u_ste->ste_type == ModuleBlock))
-
 typedef _Py_SourceLocation location;
-typedef struct _PyCfgBuilder cfg_builder;
-
-#define LOCATION(LNO, END_LNO, COL, END_COL) \
-    ((const _Py_SourceLocation){(LNO), (END_LNO), (COL), (END_COL)})
-
-/* Return true if loc1 starts after loc2 ends. */
-static inline bool
-location_is_after(location loc1, location loc2) {
-    return (loc1.lineno > loc2.end_lineno) ||
-            ((loc1.lineno == loc2.end_lineno) &&
-             (loc1.col_offset > loc2.end_col_offset));
-}
-
-#define LOC(x) SRC_LOCATION_FROM_AST(x)
-
 typedef _PyJumpTargetLabel jump_target_label;
-
-static jump_target_label NO_LABEL = {-1};
-
-#define SAME_LABEL(L1, L2) ((L1).id == (L2).id)
-#define IS_LABEL(L) (!SAME_LABEL((L), (NO_LABEL)))
-
-#define NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(C, NAME) \
-    jump_target_label NAME = _PyInstructionSequence_NewLabel(INSTR_SEQUENCE(C)); \
-    if (!IS_LABEL(NAME)) { \
-        return ERROR; \
-    }
-
-#define USE_LABEL(C, LBL) \
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(_PyInstructionSequence_UseLabel(INSTR_SEQUENCE(C), (LBL).id))
-
-
-/* fblockinfo tracks the current frame block.
-
-A frame block is used to handle loops, try/except, and try/finally.
-It's called a frame block to distinguish it from a basic block in the
-compiler IR.
-*/
-
-enum fblocktype { WHILE_LOOP, FOR_LOOP, TRY_EXCEPT, FINALLY_TRY, FINALLY_END,
-                  WITH, ASYNC_WITH, HANDLER_CLEANUP, POP_VALUE, EXCEPTION_HANDLER,
-                  EXCEPTION_GROUP_HANDLER, ASYNC_COMPREHENSION_GENERATOR,
-                  STOP_ITERATION };
-
-struct fblockinfo {
-    enum fblocktype fb_type;
-    jump_target_label fb_block;
-    /* (optional) type-specific exit or cleanup block */
-    jump_target_label fb_exit;
-    /* (optional) additional information required for unwinding */
-    void *fb_datum;
-};
-
-enum {
-    COMPILER_SCOPE_MODULE,
-    COMPILER_SCOPE_CLASS,
-    COMPILER_SCOPE_FUNCTION,
-    COMPILER_SCOPE_ASYNC_FUNCTION,
-    COMPILER_SCOPE_LAMBDA,
-    COMPILER_SCOPE_COMPREHENSION,
-    COMPILER_SCOPE_TYPEPARAMS,
-};
-
-
-typedef _PyInstruction instruction;
 typedef _PyInstructionSequence instr_sequence;
-
-#define INITIAL_INSTR_SEQUENCE_SIZE 100
-#define INITIAL_INSTR_SEQUENCE_LABELS_MAP_SIZE 10
-
-/*
- * Resize the array if index is out of range.
- *
- * idx: the index we want to access
- * arr: pointer to the array
- * alloc: pointer to the capacity of the array
- * default_alloc: initial number of items
- * item_size: size of each item
- *
- */
-int
-_PyCompile_EnsureArrayLargeEnough(int idx, void **array, int *alloc,
-                                  int default_alloc, size_t item_size)
-{
-    void *arr = *array;
-    if (arr == NULL) {
-        int new_alloc = default_alloc;
-        if (idx >= new_alloc) {
-            new_alloc = idx + default_alloc;
-        }
-        arr = PyMem_Calloc(new_alloc, item_size);
-        if (arr == NULL) {
-            PyErr_NoMemory();
-            return ERROR;
-        }
-        *alloc = new_alloc;
-    }
-    else if (idx >= *alloc) {
-        size_t oldsize = *alloc * item_size;
-        int new_alloc = *alloc << 1;
-        if (idx >= new_alloc) {
-            new_alloc = idx + default_alloc;
-        }
-        size_t newsize = new_alloc * item_size;
-
-        if (oldsize > (SIZE_MAX >> 1)) {
-            PyErr_NoMemory();
-            return ERROR;
-        }
-
-        assert(newsize > 0);
-        void *tmp = PyMem_Realloc(arr, newsize);
-        if (tmp == NULL) {
-            PyErr_NoMemory();
-            return ERROR;
-        }
-        *alloc = new_alloc;
-        arr = tmp;
-        memset((char *)arr + oldsize, 0, newsize - oldsize);
-    }
-
-    *array = arr;
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
+typedef struct _PyCfgBuilder cfg_builder;
+typedef _PyCompile_FBlockInfo fblockinfo;
+typedef enum _PyCompile_FBlockType fblocktype;
 
 /* The following items change on entry and exit of code blocks.
    They must be saved and restored when returning to a block.
@@ -208,13 +52,14 @@ struct compiler_unit {
 
     PyObject *u_private;            /* for private name mangling */
     PyObject *u_static_attributes;  /* for class: attributes accessed via self.X */
+    PyObject *u_deferred_annotations; /* AnnAssign nodes deferred to the end of compilation */
 
     instr_sequence *u_instr_sequence; /* codegen output */
 
     int u_nfblocks;
     int u_in_inlined_comp;
 
-    struct fblockinfo u_fblock[CO_MAXBLOCKS];
+    _PyCompile_FBlockInfo u_fblock[CO_MAXBLOCKS];
 
     _PyCompile_CodeUnitMetadata u_metadata;
 };
@@ -223,7 +68,7 @@ struct compiler_unit {
 
 The u pointer points to the current compilation unit, while units
 for enclosing blocks are stored in c_stack.     The u and c_stack are
-managed by compiler_enter_scope() and compiler_exit_scope().
+managed by _PyCompile_EnterScope() and _PyCompile_ExitScope().
 
 Note that we don't track recursion levels during compilation - the
 task of detecting and rejecting excessive levels of nesting is
@@ -231,7 +76,7 @@ handled by the symbol analysis pass.
 
 */
 
-struct compiler {
+typedef struct _PyCompiler {
     PyObject *c_filename;
     struct symtable *c_st;
     _PyFutureFeatures c_future;  /* module's __future__ */
@@ -239,105 +84,18 @@ struct compiler {
 
     int c_optimize;              /* optimization level */
     int c_interactive;           /* true if in interactive mode */
-    int c_nestlevel;
     PyObject *c_const_cache;     /* Python dict holding all constants,
                                     including names tuple */
     struct compiler_unit *u;     /* compiler state for current block */
     PyObject *c_stack;           /* Python list holding compiler_unit ptrs */
-    PyArena *c_arena;            /* pointer to memory allocation arena */
 
     bool c_save_nested_seqs;     /* if true, construct recursive instruction sequences
                                   * (including instructions for nested code objects)
                                   */
-};
-
-#define INSTR_SEQUENCE(C) ((C)->u->u_instr_sequence)
-
-
-typedef struct {
-    // A list of strings corresponding to name captures. It is used to track:
-    // - Repeated name assignments in the same pattern.
-    // - Different name assignments in alternatives.
-    // - The order of name assignments in alternatives.
-    PyObject *stores;
-    // If 0, any name captures against our subject will raise.
-    int allow_irrefutable;
-    // An array of blocks to jump to on failure. Jumping to fail_pop[i] will pop
-    // i items off of the stack. The end result looks like this (with each block
-    // falling through to the next):
-    // fail_pop[4]: POP_TOP
-    // fail_pop[3]: POP_TOP
-    // fail_pop[2]: POP_TOP
-    // fail_pop[1]: POP_TOP
-    // fail_pop[0]: NOP
-    jump_target_label *fail_pop;
-    // The current length of fail_pop.
-    Py_ssize_t fail_pop_size;
-    // The number of items on top of the stack that need to *stay* on top of the
-    // stack. Variable captures go beneath these. All of them will be popped on
-    // failure.
-    Py_ssize_t on_top;
-} pattern_context;
-
-static int codegen_addop_i(instr_sequence *seq, int opcode, Py_ssize_t oparg, location loc);
-
-static void compiler_free(struct compiler *);
-static int compiler_error(struct compiler *, location loc, const char *, ...);
-static int compiler_warn(struct compiler *, location loc, const char *, ...);
-static int compiler_nameop(struct compiler *, location, identifier, expr_context_ty);
-
-static PyCodeObject *compiler_mod(struct compiler *, mod_ty);
-static int compiler_visit_stmt(struct compiler *, stmt_ty);
-static int compiler_visit_keyword(struct compiler *, keyword_ty);
-static int compiler_visit_expr(struct compiler *, expr_ty);
-static int compiler_augassign(struct compiler *, stmt_ty);
-static int compiler_annassign(struct compiler *, stmt_ty);
-static int compiler_subscript(struct compiler *, expr_ty);
-static int compiler_slice(struct compiler *, expr_ty);
-
-static bool are_all_items_const(asdl_expr_seq *, Py_ssize_t, Py_ssize_t);
-
-
-static int compiler_with(struct compiler *, stmt_ty, int);
-static int compiler_async_with(struct compiler *, stmt_ty, int);
-static int compiler_async_for(struct compiler *, stmt_ty);
-static int compiler_call_simple_kw_helper(struct compiler *c,
-                                          location loc,
-                                          asdl_keyword_seq *keywords,
-                                          Py_ssize_t nkwelts);
-static int compiler_call_helper(struct compiler *c, location loc,
-                                int n, asdl_expr_seq *args,
-                                asdl_keyword_seq *keywords);
-static int compiler_try_except(struct compiler *, stmt_ty);
-static int compiler_try_star_except(struct compiler *, stmt_ty);
-static int compiler_set_qualname(struct compiler *);
-
-static int compiler_sync_comprehension_generator(
-                                      struct compiler *c, location loc,
-                                      asdl_comprehension_seq *generators, int gen_index,
-                                      int depth,
-                                      expr_ty elt, expr_ty val, int type,
-                                      int iter_on_stack);
-
-static int compiler_async_comprehension_generator(
-                                      struct compiler *c, location loc,
-                                      asdl_comprehension_seq *generators, int gen_index,
-                                      int depth,
-                                      expr_ty elt, expr_ty val, int type,
-                                      int iter_on_stack);
-
-static int compiler_pattern(struct compiler *, pattern_ty, pattern_context *);
-static int compiler_match(struct compiler *, stmt_ty);
-static int compiler_pattern_subpattern(struct compiler *,
-                                       pattern_ty, pattern_context *);
-
-static PyCodeObject *optimize_and_assemble(struct compiler *, int addNone);
-
-#define CAPSULE_NAME "compile.c compiler unit"
-
+} compiler;
 
 static int
-compiler_setup(struct compiler *c, mod_ty mod, PyObject *filename,
+compiler_setup(compiler *c, mod_ty mod, PyObject *filename,
                PyCompilerFlags *flags, int optimize, PyArena *arena)
 {
     PyCompilerFlags local_flags = _PyCompilerFlags_INIT;
@@ -353,7 +111,6 @@ compiler_setup(struct compiler *c, mod_ty mod, PyObject *filename,
     }
 
     c->c_filename = Py_NewRef(filename);
-    c->c_arena = arena;
     if (!_PyFuture_FromAST(mod, filename, &c->c_future)) {
         return ERROR;
     }
@@ -365,7 +122,6 @@ compiler_setup(struct compiler *c, mod_ty mod, PyObject *filename,
     flags->cf_flags = merged;
     c->c_flags = *flags;
     c->c_optimize = (optimize == -1) ? _Py_GetConfig()->optimization_level : optimize;
-    c->c_nestlevel = 0;
     c->c_save_nested_seqs = false;
 
     if (!_PyAST_Optimize(mod, arena, c->c_optimize, merged)) {
@@ -381,153 +137,31 @@ compiler_setup(struct compiler *c, mod_ty mod, PyObject *filename,
     return SUCCESS;
 }
 
-static struct compiler*
-new_compiler(mod_ty mod, PyObject *filename, PyCompilerFlags *pflags,
-             int optimize, PyArena *arena)
-{
-    struct compiler *c = PyMem_Calloc(1, sizeof(struct compiler));
-    if (c == NULL) {
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    if (compiler_setup(c, mod, filename, pflags, optimize, arena) < 0) {
-        compiler_free(c);
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    return c;
-}
-
-PyCodeObject *
-_PyAST_Compile(mod_ty mod, PyObject *filename, PyCompilerFlags *pflags,
-               int optimize, PyArena *arena)
-{
-    assert(!PyErr_Occurred());
-    struct compiler *c = new_compiler(mod, filename, pflags, optimize, arena);
-    if (c == NULL) {
-        return NULL;
-    }
-
-    PyCodeObject *co = compiler_mod(c, mod);
-    compiler_free(c);
-    assert(co || PyErr_Occurred());
-    return co;
-}
-
-int
-_PyCompile_AstOptimize(mod_ty mod, PyObject *filename, PyCompilerFlags *cf,
-                       int optimize, PyArena *arena)
-{
-    _PyFutureFeatures future;
-    if (!_PyFuture_FromAST(mod, filename, &future)) {
-        return -1;
-    }
-    int flags = future.ff_features | cf->cf_flags;
-    if (optimize == -1) {
-        optimize = _Py_GetConfig()->optimization_level;
-    }
-    if (!_PyAST_Optimize(mod, arena, optimize, flags)) {
-        return -1;
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
 static void
-compiler_free(struct compiler *c)
+compiler_free(compiler *c)
 {
-    if (c->c_st)
+    if (c->c_st) {
         _PySymtable_Free(c->c_st);
+    }
     Py_XDECREF(c->c_filename);
     Py_XDECREF(c->c_const_cache);
     Py_XDECREF(c->c_stack);
     PyMem_Free(c);
 }
 
-static PyObject *
-list2dict(PyObject *list)
-{
-    Py_ssize_t i, n;
-    PyObject *v, *k;
-    PyObject *dict = PyDict_New();
-    if (!dict) return NULL;
-
-    n = PyList_Size(list);
-    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        v = PyLong_FromSsize_t(i);
-        if (!v) {
-            Py_DECREF(dict);
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        k = PyList_GET_ITEM(list, i);
-        if (PyDict_SetItem(dict, k, v) < 0) {
-            Py_DECREF(v);
-            Py_DECREF(dict);
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        Py_DECREF(v);
-    }
-    return dict;
-}
-
-/* Return new dict containing names from src that match scope(s).
-
-src is a symbol table dictionary.  If the scope of a name matches
-either scope_type or flag is set, insert it into the new dict.  The
-values are integers, starting at offset and increasing by one for
-each key.
-*/
-
-static PyObject *
-dictbytype(PyObject *src, int scope_type, int flag, Py_ssize_t offset)
+static compiler*
+new_compiler(mod_ty mod, PyObject *filename, PyCompilerFlags *pflags,
+             int optimize, PyArena *arena)
 {
-    Py_ssize_t i = offset, scope, num_keys, key_i;
-    PyObject *k, *v, *dest = PyDict_New();
-    PyObject *sorted_keys;
-
-    assert(offset >= 0);
-    if (dest == NULL)
-        return NULL;
-
-    /* Sort the keys so that we have a deterministic order on the indexes
-       saved in the returned dictionary.  These indexes are used as indexes
-       into the free and cell var storage.  Therefore if they aren't
-       deterministic, then the generated bytecode is not deterministic.
-    */
-    sorted_keys = PyDict_Keys(src);
-    if (sorted_keys == NULL)
-        return NULL;
-    if (PyList_Sort(sorted_keys) != 0) {
-        Py_DECREF(sorted_keys);
+    compiler *c = PyMem_Calloc(1, sizeof(compiler));
+    if (c == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
-    num_keys = PyList_GET_SIZE(sorted_keys);
-
-    for (key_i = 0; key_i < num_keys; key_i++) {
-        /* XXX this should probably be a macro in symtable.h */
-        long vi;
-        k = PyList_GET_ITEM(sorted_keys, key_i);
-        v = PyDict_GetItemWithError(src, k);
-        assert(v && PyLong_Check(v));
-        vi = PyLong_AS_LONG(v);
-        scope = (vi >> SCOPE_OFFSET) & SCOPE_MASK;
-
-        if (scope == scope_type || vi & flag) {
-            PyObject *item = PyLong_FromSsize_t(i);
-            if (item == NULL) {
-                Py_DECREF(sorted_keys);
-                Py_DECREF(dest);
-                return NULL;
-            }
-            i++;
-            if (PyDict_SetItem(dest, k, item) < 0) {
-                Py_DECREF(sorted_keys);
-                Py_DECREF(item);
-                Py_DECREF(dest);
-                return NULL;
-            }
-            Py_DECREF(item);
-        }
+    if (compiler_setup(c, mod, filename, pflags, optimize, arena) < 0) {
+        compiler_free(c);
+        return NULL;
     }
-    Py_DECREF(sorted_keys);
-    return dest;
+    return c;
 }
 
 static void
@@ -545,27 +179,40 @@ compiler_unit_free(struct compiler_unit *u)
     Py_CLEAR(u->u_metadata.u_fasthidden);
     Py_CLEAR(u->u_private);
     Py_CLEAR(u->u_static_attributes);
+    Py_CLEAR(u->u_deferred_annotations);
     PyMem_Free(u);
 }
 
-static struct compiler_unit *
-get_class_compiler_unit(struct compiler *c)
+#define CAPSULE_NAME "compile.c compiler unit"
+
+int
+_PyCompile_MaybeAddStaticAttributeToClass(compiler *c, expr_ty e)
 {
+    assert(e->kind == Attribute_kind);
+    expr_ty attr_value = e->v.Attribute.value;
+    if (attr_value->kind != Name_kind ||
+        e->v.Attribute.ctx != Store ||
+        !_PyUnicode_EqualToASCIIString(attr_value->v.Name.id, "self"))
+    {
+        return SUCCESS;
+    }
     Py_ssize_t stack_size = PyList_GET_SIZE(c->c_stack);
     for (Py_ssize_t i = stack_size - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
         PyObject *capsule = PyList_GET_ITEM(c->c_stack, i);
         struct compiler_unit *u = (struct compiler_unit *)PyCapsule_GetPointer(
                                                               capsule, CAPSULE_NAME);
         assert(u);
-        if (u->u_scope_type == COMPILER_SCOPE_CLASS) {
-            return u;
+        if (u->u_scope_type == COMPILE_SCOPE_CLASS) {
+            assert(u->u_static_attributes);
+            RETURN_IF_ERROR(PySet_Add(u->u_static_attributes, e->v.Attribute.attr));
+            break;
         }
     }
-    return NULL;
+    return SUCCESS;
 }
 
 static int
-compiler_set_qualname(struct compiler *c)
+compiler_set_qualname(compiler *c)
 {
     Py_ssize_t stack_size;
     struct compiler_unit *u = c->u;
@@ -582,8 +229,8 @@ compiler_set_qualname(struct compiler *c)
         capsule = PyList_GET_ITEM(c->c_stack, stack_size - 1);
         parent = (struct compiler_unit *)PyCapsule_GetPointer(capsule, CAPSULE_NAME);
         assert(parent);
-        if (parent->u_scope_type == COMPILER_SCOPE_TYPEPARAMS) {
-            /* The parent is a type parameter scope, so we need to
+        if (parent->u_scope_type == COMPILE_SCOPE_ANNOTATIONS) {
+            /* The parent is an annotation scope, so we need to
                look at the grandparent. */
             if (stack_size == 2) {
                 // If we're immediately within the module, we can skip
@@ -596,9 +243,9 @@ compiler_set_qualname(struct compiler *c)
             assert(parent);
         }
 
-        if (u->u_scope_type == COMPILER_SCOPE_FUNCTION
-            || u->u_scope_type == COMPILER_SCOPE_ASYNC_FUNCTION
-            || u->u_scope_type == COMPILER_SCOPE_CLASS) {
+        if (u->u_scope_type == COMPILE_SCOPE_FUNCTION
+            || u->u_scope_type == COMPILE_SCOPE_ASYNC_FUNCTION
+            || u->u_scope_type == COMPILE_SCOPE_CLASS) {
             assert(u->u_metadata.u_name);
             mangled = _Py_Mangle(parent->u_private, u->u_metadata.u_name);
             if (!mangled) {
@@ -607,15 +254,16 @@ compiler_set_qualname(struct compiler *c)
 
             scope = _PyST_GetScope(parent->u_ste, mangled);
             Py_DECREF(mangled);
+            RETURN_IF_ERROR(scope);
             assert(scope != GLOBAL_IMPLICIT);
             if (scope == GLOBAL_EXPLICIT)
                 force_global = 1;
         }
 
         if (!force_global) {
-            if (parent->u_scope_type == COMPILER_SCOPE_FUNCTION
-                || parent->u_scope_type == COMPILER_SCOPE_ASYNC_FUNCTION
-                || parent->u_scope_type == COMPILER_SCOPE_LAMBDA)
+            if (parent->u_scope_type == COMPILE_SCOPE_FUNCTION
+                || parent->u_scope_type == COMPILE_SCOPE_ASYNC_FUNCTION
+                || parent->u_scope_type == COMPILE_SCOPE_LAMBDA)
             {
                 _Py_DECLARE_STR(dot_locals, ".<locals>");
                 base = PyUnicode_Concat(parent->u_metadata.u_qualname,
@@ -631,8 +279,7 @@ compiler_set_qualname(struct compiler *c)
     }
 
     if (base != NULL) {
-        _Py_DECLARE_STR(dot, ".");
-        name = PyUnicode_Concat(base, &_Py_STR(dot));
+        name = PyUnicode_Concat(base, _Py_LATIN1_CHR('.'));
         Py_DECREF(base);
         if (name == NULL) {
             return ERROR;
@@ -650,91 +297,11 @@ compiler_set_qualname(struct compiler *c)
     return SUCCESS;
 }
 
-int
-_PyCompile_OpcodeIsValid(int opcode)
-{
-    return IS_VALID_OPCODE(opcode);
-}
-
-int
-_PyCompile_OpcodeHasArg(int opcode)
-{
-    return OPCODE_HAS_ARG(opcode);
-}
-
-int
-_PyCompile_OpcodeHasConst(int opcode)
-{
-    return OPCODE_HAS_CONST(opcode);
-}
-
-int
-_PyCompile_OpcodeHasName(int opcode)
-{
-    return OPCODE_HAS_NAME(opcode);
-}
-
-int
-_PyCompile_OpcodeHasJump(int opcode)
-{
-    return OPCODE_HAS_JUMP(opcode);
-}
-
-int
-_PyCompile_OpcodeHasFree(int opcode)
-{
-    return OPCODE_HAS_FREE(opcode);
-}
-
-int
-_PyCompile_OpcodeHasLocal(int opcode)
-{
-    return OPCODE_HAS_LOCAL(opcode);
-}
-
-int
-_PyCompile_OpcodeHasExc(int opcode)
-{
-    return IS_BLOCK_PUSH_OPCODE(opcode);
-}
-
-static int
-codegen_addop_noarg(instr_sequence *seq, int opcode, location loc)
-{
-    assert(!OPCODE_HAS_ARG(opcode));
-    assert(!IS_ASSEMBLER_OPCODE(opcode));
-    return _PyInstructionSequence_Addop(seq, opcode, 0, loc);
-}
-
-static Py_ssize_t
-dict_add_o(PyObject *dict, PyObject *o)
-{
-    PyObject *v;
-    Py_ssize_t arg;
-
-    if (PyDict_GetItemRef(dict, o, &v) < 0) {
-        return ERROR;
-    }
-    if (!v) {
-        arg = PyDict_GET_SIZE(dict);
-        v = PyLong_FromSsize_t(arg);
-        if (!v) {
-            return ERROR;
-        }
-        if (PyDict_SetItem(dict, o, v) < 0) {
-            Py_DECREF(v);
-            return ERROR;
-        }
-    }
-    else
-        arg = PyLong_AsLong(v);
-    Py_DECREF(v);
-    return arg;
-}
-
-// Merge const *o* recursively and return constant key object.
+/* Merge const *o* and return constant key object.
+ * If recursive, insert all elements if o is a tuple or frozen set.
+ */
 static PyObject*
-merge_consts_recursive(PyObject *const_cache, PyObject *o)
+const_cache_insert(PyObject *const_cache, PyObject *o, bool recursive)
 {
     assert(PyDict_CheckExact(const_cache));
     // None and Ellipsis are immortal objects, and key is the singleton.
@@ -758,6 +325,10 @@ merge_consts_recursive(PyObject *const_cache, PyObject *o)
     }
     Py_DECREF(t);
 
+    if (!recursive) {
+        return key;
+    }
+
     // We registered o in const_cache.
     // When o is a tuple or frozenset, we want to merge its
     // items too.
@@ -765,7 +336,7 @@ merge_consts_recursive(PyObject *const_cache, PyObject *o)
         Py_ssize_t len = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(o);
         for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
             PyObject *item = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(o, i);
-            PyObject *u = merge_consts_recursive(const_cache, item);
+            PyObject *u = const_cache_insert(const_cache, item, recursive);
             if (u == NULL) {
                 Py_DECREF(key);
                 return NULL;
@@ -807,7 +378,7 @@ merge_consts_recursive(PyObject *const_cache, PyObject *o)
         PyObject *item;
         Py_hash_t hash;
         while (_PySet_NextEntry(o, &pos, &item, &hash)) {
-            PyObject *k = merge_consts_recursive(const_cache, item);
+            PyObject *k = const_cache_insert(const_cache, item, recursive);
             if (k == NULL) {
                 Py_DECREF(tuple);
                 Py_DECREF(key);
@@ -841,228 +412,171 @@ merge_consts_recursive(PyObject *const_cache, PyObject *o)
     return key;
 }
 
-static Py_ssize_t
-compiler_add_const(PyObject *const_cache, struct compiler_unit *u, PyObject *o)
+static PyObject*
+merge_consts_recursive(PyObject *const_cache, PyObject *o)
 {
-    assert(PyDict_CheckExact(const_cache));
-    PyObject *key = merge_consts_recursive(const_cache, o);
-    if (key == NULL) {
-        return ERROR;
-    }
-
-    Py_ssize_t arg = dict_add_o(u->u_metadata.u_consts, key);
-    Py_DECREF(key);
-    return arg;
+    return const_cache_insert(const_cache, o, true);
 }
 
-static int
-compiler_addop_load_const(PyObject *const_cache, struct compiler_unit *u, location loc, PyObject *o)
+Py_ssize_t
+_PyCompile_DictAddObj(PyObject *dict, PyObject *o)
 {
-    Py_ssize_t arg = compiler_add_const(const_cache, u, o);
-    if (arg < 0) {
-        return ERROR;
-    }
-    return codegen_addop_i(u->u_instr_sequence, LOAD_CONST, arg, loc);
-}
+    PyObject *v;
+    Py_ssize_t arg;
 
-static int
-compiler_addop_o(struct compiler_unit *u, location loc,
-                 int opcode, PyObject *dict, PyObject *o)
-{
-    Py_ssize_t arg = dict_add_o(dict, o);
-    if (arg < 0) {
+    if (PyDict_GetItemRef(dict, o, &v) < 0) {
         return ERROR;
     }
-    return codegen_addop_i(u->u_instr_sequence, opcode, arg, loc);
+    if (!v) {
+        arg = PyDict_GET_SIZE(dict);
+        v = PyLong_FromSsize_t(arg);
+        if (!v) {
+            return ERROR;
+        }
+        if (PyDict_SetItem(dict, o, v) < 0) {
+            Py_DECREF(v);
+            return ERROR;
+        }
+    }
+    else
+        arg = PyLong_AsLong(v);
+    Py_DECREF(v);
+    return arg;
 }
 
-#define LOAD_METHOD -1
-#define LOAD_SUPER_METHOD -2
-#define LOAD_ZERO_SUPER_ATTR -3
-#define LOAD_ZERO_SUPER_METHOD -4
-
-static int
-compiler_addop_name(struct compiler_unit *u, location loc,
-                    int opcode, PyObject *dict, PyObject *o)
+Py_ssize_t
+_PyCompile_AddConst(compiler *c, PyObject *o)
 {
-    PyObject *mangled = _Py_MaybeMangle(u->u_private, u->u_ste, o);
-    if (!mangled) {
-        return ERROR;
-    }
-    Py_ssize_t arg = dict_add_o(dict, mangled);
-    Py_DECREF(mangled);
-    if (arg < 0) {
+    PyObject *key = merge_consts_recursive(c->c_const_cache, o);
+    if (key == NULL) {
         return ERROR;
     }
-    if (opcode == LOAD_ATTR) {
-        arg <<= 1;
-    }
-    if (opcode == LOAD_METHOD) {
-        opcode = LOAD_ATTR;
-        arg <<= 1;
-        arg |= 1;
-    }
-    if (opcode == LOAD_SUPER_ATTR) {
-        arg <<= 2;
-        arg |= 2;
-    }
-    if (opcode == LOAD_SUPER_METHOD) {
-        opcode = LOAD_SUPER_ATTR;
-        arg <<= 2;
-        arg |= 3;
-    }
-    if (opcode == LOAD_ZERO_SUPER_ATTR) {
-        opcode = LOAD_SUPER_ATTR;
-        arg <<= 2;
-    }
-    if (opcode == LOAD_ZERO_SUPER_METHOD) {
-        opcode = LOAD_SUPER_ATTR;
-        arg <<= 2;
-        arg |= 1;
-    }
-    return codegen_addop_i(u->u_instr_sequence, opcode, arg, loc);
-}
-
-/* Add an opcode with an integer argument */
-static int
-codegen_addop_i(instr_sequence *seq, int opcode, Py_ssize_t oparg, location loc)
-{
-    /* oparg value is unsigned, but a signed C int is usually used to store
-       it in the C code (like Python/ceval.c).
-
-       Limit to 32-bit signed C int (rather than INT_MAX) for portability.
-
-       The argument of a concrete bytecode instruction is limited to 8-bit.
-       EXTENDED_ARG is used for 16, 24, and 32-bit arguments. */
 
-    int oparg_ = Py_SAFE_DOWNCAST(oparg, Py_ssize_t, int);
-    assert(!IS_ASSEMBLER_OPCODE(opcode));
-    return _PyInstructionSequence_Addop(seq, opcode, oparg_, loc);
+    Py_ssize_t arg = _PyCompile_DictAddObj(c->u->u_metadata.u_consts, key);
+    Py_DECREF(key);
+    return arg;
 }
 
-static int
-codegen_addop_j(instr_sequence *seq, location loc,
-                int opcode, jump_target_label target)
+static PyObject *
+list2dict(PyObject *list)
 {
-    assert(IS_LABEL(target));
-    assert(OPCODE_HAS_JUMP(opcode) || IS_BLOCK_PUSH_OPCODE(opcode));
-    assert(!IS_ASSEMBLER_OPCODE(opcode));
-    return _PyInstructionSequence_Addop(seq, opcode, target.id, loc);
-}
-
-#define RETURN_IF_ERROR_IN_SCOPE(C, CALL) { \
-    if ((CALL) < 0) { \
-        compiler_exit_scope((C)); \
-        return ERROR; \
-    } \
-}
-
-#define ADDOP(C, LOC, OP) \
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_addop_noarg(INSTR_SEQUENCE(C), (OP), (LOC)))
-
-#define ADDOP_IN_SCOPE(C, LOC, OP) RETURN_IF_ERROR_IN_SCOPE((C), codegen_addop_noarg(INSTR_SEQUENCE(C), (OP), (LOC)))
-
-#define ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(C, LOC, O) \
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_addop_load_const((C)->c_const_cache, (C)->u, (LOC), (O)))
-
-/* Same as ADDOP_LOAD_CONST, but steals a reference. */
-#define ADDOP_LOAD_CONST_NEW(C, LOC, O) { \
-    PyObject *__new_const = (O); \
-    if (__new_const == NULL) { \
-        return ERROR; \
-    } \
-    if (compiler_addop_load_const((C)->c_const_cache, (C)->u, (LOC), __new_const) < 0) { \
-        Py_DECREF(__new_const); \
-        return ERROR; \
-    } \
-    Py_DECREF(__new_const); \
-}
+    Py_ssize_t i, n;
+    PyObject *v, *k;
+    PyObject *dict = PyDict_New();
+    if (!dict) return NULL;
 
-#define ADDOP_N(C, LOC, OP, O, TYPE) { \
-    assert(!OPCODE_HAS_CONST(OP)); /* use ADDOP_LOAD_CONST_NEW */ \
-    if (compiler_addop_o((C)->u, (LOC), (OP), (C)->u->u_metadata.u_ ## TYPE, (O)) < 0) { \
-        Py_DECREF((O)); \
-        return ERROR; \
-    } \
-    Py_DECREF((O)); \
+    n = PyList_Size(list);
+    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        v = PyLong_FromSsize_t(i);
+        if (!v) {
+            Py_DECREF(dict);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        k = PyList_GET_ITEM(list, i);
+        if (PyDict_SetItem(dict, k, v) < 0) {
+            Py_DECREF(v);
+            Py_DECREF(dict);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        Py_DECREF(v);
+    }
+    return dict;
 }
 
-#define ADDOP_NAME(C, LOC, OP, O, TYPE) \
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_addop_name((C)->u, (LOC), (OP), (C)->u->u_metadata.u_ ## TYPE, (O)))
-
-#define ADDOP_I(C, LOC, OP, O) \
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_addop_i(INSTR_SEQUENCE(C), (OP), (O), (LOC)))
-
-#define ADDOP_JUMP(C, LOC, OP, O) \
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(codegen_addop_j(INSTR_SEQUENCE(C), (LOC), (OP), (O)))
-
-#define ADDOP_COMPARE(C, LOC, CMP) \
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_addcompare((C), (LOC), (cmpop_ty)(CMP)))
-
-#define ADDOP_BINARY(C, LOC, BINOP) \
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(addop_binary((C), (LOC), (BINOP), false))
-
-#define ADDOP_INPLACE(C, LOC, BINOP) \
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(addop_binary((C), (LOC), (BINOP), true))
-
-#define ADD_YIELD_FROM(C, LOC, await) \
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_add_yield_from((C), (LOC), (await)))
-
-#define POP_EXCEPT_AND_RERAISE(C, LOC) \
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_pop_except_and_reraise((C), (LOC)))
-
-#define ADDOP_YIELD(C, LOC) \
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(addop_yield((C), (LOC)))
+/* Return new dict containing names from src that match scope(s).
 
-/* VISIT and VISIT_SEQ takes an ASDL type as their second argument.  They use
-   the ASDL name to synthesize the name of the C type and the visit function.
+src is a symbol table dictionary.  If the scope of a name matches
+either scope_type or flag is set, insert it into the new dict.  The
+values are integers, starting at offset and increasing by one for
+each key.
 */
 
-#define VISIT(C, TYPE, V) \
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_visit_ ## TYPE((C), (V)));
+static PyObject *
+dictbytype(PyObject *src, int scope_type, int flag, Py_ssize_t offset)
+{
+    Py_ssize_t i = offset, num_keys, key_i;
+    PyObject *k, *v, *dest = PyDict_New();
+    PyObject *sorted_keys;
 
-#define VISIT_IN_SCOPE(C, TYPE, V) \
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR_IN_SCOPE((C), compiler_visit_ ## TYPE((C), (V)))
+    assert(offset >= 0);
+    if (dest == NULL)
+        return NULL;
 
-#define VISIT_SEQ(C, TYPE, SEQ) { \
-    int _i; \
-    asdl_ ## TYPE ## _seq *seq = (SEQ); /* avoid variable capture */ \
-    for (_i = 0; _i < asdl_seq_LEN(seq); _i++) { \
-        TYPE ## _ty elt = (TYPE ## _ty)asdl_seq_GET(seq, _i); \
-        RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_visit_ ## TYPE((C), elt)); \
-    } \
-}
+    /* Sort the keys so that we have a deterministic order on the indexes
+       saved in the returned dictionary.  These indexes are used as indexes
+       into the free and cell var storage.  Therefore if they aren't
+       deterministic, then the generated bytecode is not deterministic.
+    */
+    sorted_keys = PyDict_Keys(src);
+    if (sorted_keys == NULL) {
+        Py_DECREF(dest);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if (PyList_Sort(sorted_keys) != 0) {
+        Py_DECREF(sorted_keys);
+        Py_DECREF(dest);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    num_keys = PyList_GET_SIZE(sorted_keys);
 
-#define VISIT_SEQ_IN_SCOPE(C, TYPE, SEQ) { \
-    int _i; \
-    asdl_ ## TYPE ## _seq *seq = (SEQ); /* avoid variable capture */ \
-    for (_i = 0; _i < asdl_seq_LEN(seq); _i++) { \
-        TYPE ## _ty elt = (TYPE ## _ty)asdl_seq_GET(seq, _i); \
-        if (compiler_visit_ ## TYPE((C), elt) < 0) { \
-            compiler_exit_scope(C); \
-            return ERROR; \
-        } \
-    } \
+    for (key_i = 0; key_i < num_keys; key_i++) {
+        k = PyList_GET_ITEM(sorted_keys, key_i);
+        v = PyDict_GetItemWithError(src, k);
+        if (!v) {
+            if (!PyErr_Occurred()) {
+                PyErr_SetObject(PyExc_KeyError, k);
+            }
+            Py_DECREF(sorted_keys);
+            Py_DECREF(dest);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        long vi = PyLong_AsLong(v);
+        if (vi == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+            Py_DECREF(sorted_keys);
+            Py_DECREF(dest);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        if (SYMBOL_TO_SCOPE(vi) == scope_type || vi & flag) {
+            PyObject *item = PyLong_FromSsize_t(i);
+            if (item == NULL) {
+                Py_DECREF(sorted_keys);
+                Py_DECREF(dest);
+                return NULL;
+            }
+            i++;
+            if (PyDict_SetItem(dest, k, item) < 0) {
+                Py_DECREF(sorted_keys);
+                Py_DECREF(item);
+                Py_DECREF(dest);
+                return NULL;
+            }
+            Py_DECREF(item);
+        }
+    }
+    Py_DECREF(sorted_keys);
+    return dest;
 }
 
-
-static int
-compiler_enter_scope(struct compiler *c, identifier name,
-                     int scope_type, void *key, int lineno)
+int
+_PyCompile_EnterScope(compiler *c, identifier name, int scope_type,
+                       void *key, int lineno, PyObject *private,
+                      _PyCompile_CodeUnitMetadata *umd)
 {
-    location loc = LOCATION(lineno, lineno, 0, 0);
-
     struct compiler_unit *u;
-
     u = (struct compiler_unit *)PyMem_Calloc(1, sizeof(struct compiler_unit));
     if (!u) {
         PyErr_NoMemory();
         return ERROR;
     }
     u->u_scope_type = scope_type;
-    u->u_metadata.u_argcount = 0;
-    u->u_metadata.u_posonlyargcount = 0;
-    u->u_metadata.u_kwonlyargcount = 0;
+    if (umd != NULL) {
+        u->u_metadata = *umd;
+    }
+    else {
+        u->u_metadata.u_argcount = 0;
+        u->u_metadata.u_posonlyargcount = 0;
+        u->u_metadata.u_kwonlyargcount = 0;
+    }
     u->u_ste = _PySymtable_Lookup(c->c_st, key);
     if (!u->u_ste) {
         compiler_unit_free(u);
@@ -1082,8 +596,8 @@ compiler_enter_scope(struct compiler *c, identifier name,
     if (u->u_ste->ste_needs_class_closure) {
         /* Cook up an implicit __class__ cell. */
         Py_ssize_t res;
-        assert(u->u_scope_type == COMPILER_SCOPE_CLASS);
-        res = dict_add_o(u->u_metadata.u_cellvars, &_Py_ID(__class__));
+        assert(u->u_scope_type == COMPILE_SCOPE_CLASS);
+        res = _PyCompile_DictAddObj(u->u_metadata.u_cellvars, &_Py_ID(__class__));
         if (res < 0) {
             compiler_unit_free(u);
             return ERROR;
@@ -1092,8 +606,8 @@ compiler_enter_scope(struct compiler *c, identifier name,
     if (u->u_ste->ste_needs_classdict) {
         /* Cook up an implicit __classdict__ cell. */
         Py_ssize_t res;
-        assert(u->u_scope_type == COMPILER_SCOPE_CLASS);
-        res = dict_add_o(u->u_metadata.u_cellvars, &_Py_ID(__classdict__));
+        assert(u->u_scope_type == COMPILE_SCOPE_CLASS);
+        res = _PyCompile_DictAddObj(u->u_metadata.u_cellvars, &_Py_ID(__classdict__));
         if (res < 0) {
             compiler_unit_free(u);
             return ERROR;
@@ -1127,8 +641,8 @@ compiler_enter_scope(struct compiler *c, identifier name,
         return ERROR;
     }
 
-    u->u_private = NULL;
-    if (scope_type == COMPILER_SCOPE_CLASS) {
+    u->u_deferred_annotations = NULL;
+    if (scope_type == COMPILE_SCOPE_CLASS) {
         u->u_static_attributes = PySet_New(0);
         if (!u->u_static_attributes) {
             compiler_unit_free(u);
@@ -1140,6 +654,10 @@ compiler_enter_scope(struct compiler *c, identifier name,
     }
 
     u->u_instr_sequence = (instr_sequence*)_PyInstructionSequence_New();
+    if (!u->u_instr_sequence) {
+        compiler_unit_free(u);
+        return ERROR;
+    }
 
     /* Push the old compiler_unit on the stack. */
     if (c->u) {
@@ -1150,28 +668,22 @@ compiler_enter_scope(struct compiler *c, identifier name,
             return ERROR;
         }
         Py_DECREF(capsule);
-        u->u_private = Py_XNewRef(c->u->u_private);
+        if (private == NULL) {
+            private = c->u->u_private;
+        }
     }
-    c->u = u;
 
-    c->c_nestlevel++;
+    u->u_private = Py_XNewRef(private);
 
-    if (u->u_scope_type == COMPILER_SCOPE_MODULE) {
-        loc.lineno = 0;
-    }
-    else {
+    c->u = u;
+    if (scope_type != COMPILE_SCOPE_MODULE) {
         RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_set_qualname(c));
     }
-    ADDOP_I(c, loc, RESUME, RESUME_AT_FUNC_START);
-
-    if (u->u_scope_type == COMPILER_SCOPE_MODULE) {
-        loc.lineno = -1;
-    }
     return SUCCESS;
 }
 
-static void
-compiler_exit_scope(struct compiler *c)
+void
+_PyCompile_ExitScope(compiler *c)
 {
     // Don't call PySequence_DelItem() with an exception raised
     PyObject *exc = PyErr_GetRaisedException();
@@ -1181,7 +693,6 @@ compiler_exit_scope(struct compiler *c)
         nested_seq = c->u->u_instr_sequence;
         Py_INCREF(nested_seq);
     }
-    c->c_nestlevel--;
     compiler_unit_free(c->u);
     /* Restore c->u to the parent unit. */
     Py_ssize_t n = PyList_GET_SIZE(c->c_stack) - 1;
@@ -1209,6188 +720,529 @@ compiler_exit_scope(struct compiler *c)
     PyErr_SetRaisedException(exc);
 }
 
-/* Search if variable annotations are present statically in a block. */
-
-static bool
-find_ann(asdl_stmt_seq *stmts)
-{
-    int i, j, res = 0;
-    stmt_ty st;
-
-    for (i = 0; i < asdl_seq_LEN(stmts); i++) {
-        st = (stmt_ty)asdl_seq_GET(stmts, i);
-        switch (st->kind) {
-        case AnnAssign_kind:
-            return true;
-        case For_kind:
-            res = find_ann(st->v.For.body) ||
-                  find_ann(st->v.For.orelse);
-            break;
-        case AsyncFor_kind:
-            res = find_ann(st->v.AsyncFor.body) ||
-                  find_ann(st->v.AsyncFor.orelse);
-            break;
-        case While_kind:
-            res = find_ann(st->v.While.body) ||
-                  find_ann(st->v.While.orelse);
-            break;
-        case If_kind:
-            res = find_ann(st->v.If.body) ||
-                  find_ann(st->v.If.orelse);
-            break;
-        case With_kind:
-            res = find_ann(st->v.With.body);
-            break;
-        case AsyncWith_kind:
-            res = find_ann(st->v.AsyncWith.body);
-            break;
-        case Try_kind:
-            for (j = 0; j < asdl_seq_LEN(st->v.Try.handlers); j++) {
-                excepthandler_ty handler = (excepthandler_ty)asdl_seq_GET(
-                    st->v.Try.handlers, j);
-                if (find_ann(handler->v.ExceptHandler.body)) {
-                    return true;
-                }
-            }
-            res = find_ann(st->v.Try.body) ||
-                  find_ann(st->v.Try.finalbody) ||
-                  find_ann(st->v.Try.orelse);
-            break;
-        case TryStar_kind:
-            for (j = 0; j < asdl_seq_LEN(st->v.TryStar.handlers); j++) {
-                excepthandler_ty handler = (excepthandler_ty)asdl_seq_GET(
-                    st->v.TryStar.handlers, j);
-                if (find_ann(handler->v.ExceptHandler.body)) {
-                    return true;
-                }
-            }
-            res = find_ann(st->v.TryStar.body) ||
-                  find_ann(st->v.TryStar.finalbody) ||
-                  find_ann(st->v.TryStar.orelse);
-            break;
-        case Match_kind:
-            for (j = 0; j < asdl_seq_LEN(st->v.Match.cases); j++) {
-                match_case_ty match_case = (match_case_ty)asdl_seq_GET(
-                    st->v.Match.cases, j);
-                if (find_ann(match_case->body)) {
-                    return true;
-                }
-            }
-            break;
-        default:
-            res = false;
-            break;
-        }
-        if (res) {
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-    return res;
-}
-
 /*
  * Frame block handling functions
  */
 
-static int
-compiler_push_fblock(struct compiler *c, location loc,
-                     enum fblocktype t, jump_target_label block_label,
+int
+_PyCompile_PushFBlock(compiler *c, location loc,
+                     fblocktype t, jump_target_label block_label,
                      jump_target_label exit, void *datum)
 {
-    struct fblockinfo *f;
+    fblockinfo *f;
     if (c->u->u_nfblocks >= CO_MAXBLOCKS) {
-        return compiler_error(c, loc, "too many statically nested blocks");
+        return _PyCompile_Error(c, loc, "too many statically nested blocks");
     }
     f = &c->u->u_fblock[c->u->u_nfblocks++];
     f->fb_type = t;
     f->fb_block = block_label;
+    f->fb_loc = loc;
     f->fb_exit = exit;
     f->fb_datum = datum;
     return SUCCESS;
 }
 
-static void
-compiler_pop_fblock(struct compiler *c, enum fblocktype t, jump_target_label block_label)
+void
+_PyCompile_PopFBlock(compiler *c, fblocktype t, jump_target_label block_label)
 {
     struct compiler_unit *u = c->u;
     assert(u->u_nfblocks > 0);
     u->u_nfblocks--;
     assert(u->u_fblock[u->u_nfblocks].fb_type == t);
-    assert(SAME_LABEL(u->u_fblock[u->u_nfblocks].fb_block, block_label));
-}
-
-static int
-compiler_call_exit_with_nones(struct compiler *c, location loc)
-{
-    ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, loc, Py_None);
-    ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, loc, Py_None);
-    ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, loc, Py_None);
-    ADDOP_I(c, loc, CALL, 2);
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static int
-compiler_add_yield_from(struct compiler *c, location loc, int await)
-{
-    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, send);
-    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, fail);
-    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, exit);
-
-    USE_LABEL(c, send);
-    ADDOP_JUMP(c, loc, SEND, exit);
-    // Set up a virtual try/except to handle when StopIteration is raised during
-    // a close or throw call. The only way YIELD_VALUE raises if they do!
-    ADDOP_JUMP(c, loc, SETUP_FINALLY, fail);
-    ADDOP_I(c, loc, YIELD_VALUE, 1);
-    ADDOP(c, NO_LOCATION, POP_BLOCK);
-    ADDOP_I(c, loc, RESUME, await ? RESUME_AFTER_AWAIT : RESUME_AFTER_YIELD_FROM);
-    ADDOP_JUMP(c, loc, JUMP_NO_INTERRUPT, send);
-
-    USE_LABEL(c, fail);
-    ADDOP(c, loc, CLEANUP_THROW);
-
-    USE_LABEL(c, exit);
-    ADDOP(c, loc, END_SEND);
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static int
-compiler_pop_except_and_reraise(struct compiler *c, location loc)
-{
-    /* Stack contents
-     * [exc_info, lasti, exc]            COPY        3
-     * [exc_info, lasti, exc, exc_info]  POP_EXCEPT
-     * [exc_info, lasti, exc]            RERAISE      1
-     * (exception_unwind clears the stack)
-     */
-
-    ADDOP_I(c, loc, COPY, 3);
-    ADDOP(c, loc, POP_EXCEPT);
-    ADDOP_I(c, loc, RERAISE, 1);
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-/* Unwind a frame block.  If preserve_tos is true, the TOS before
- * popping the blocks will be restored afterwards, unless another
- * return, break or continue is found. In which case, the TOS will
- * be popped.
- */
-static int
-compiler_unwind_fblock(struct compiler *c, location *ploc,
-                       struct fblockinfo *info, int preserve_tos)
-{
-    switch (info->fb_type) {
-        case WHILE_LOOP:
-        case EXCEPTION_HANDLER:
-        case EXCEPTION_GROUP_HANDLER:
-        case ASYNC_COMPREHENSION_GENERATOR:
-        case STOP_ITERATION:
-            return SUCCESS;
-
-        case FOR_LOOP:
-            /* Pop the iterator */
-            if (preserve_tos) {
-                ADDOP_I(c, *ploc, SWAP, 2);
-            }
-            ADDOP(c, *ploc, POP_TOP);
-            return SUCCESS;
-
-        case TRY_EXCEPT:
-            ADDOP(c, *ploc, POP_BLOCK);
-            return SUCCESS;
-
-        case FINALLY_TRY:
-            /* This POP_BLOCK gets the line number of the unwinding statement */
-            ADDOP(c, *ploc, POP_BLOCK);
-            if (preserve_tos) {
-                RETURN_IF_ERROR(
-                    compiler_push_fblock(c, *ploc, POP_VALUE, NO_LABEL, NO_LABEL, NULL));
-            }
-            /* Emit the finally block */
-            VISIT_SEQ(c, stmt, info->fb_datum);
-            if (preserve_tos) {
-                compiler_pop_fblock(c, POP_VALUE, NO_LABEL);
-            }
-            /* The finally block should appear to execute after the
-             * statement causing the unwinding, so make the unwinding
-             * instruction artificial */
-            *ploc = NO_LOCATION;
-            return SUCCESS;
-
-        case FINALLY_END:
-            if (preserve_tos) {
-                ADDOP_I(c, *ploc, SWAP, 2);
-            }
-            ADDOP(c, *ploc, POP_TOP); /* exc_value */
-            if (preserve_tos) {
-                ADDOP_I(c, *ploc, SWAP, 2);
-            }
-            ADDOP(c, *ploc, POP_BLOCK);
-            ADDOP(c, *ploc, POP_EXCEPT);
-            return SUCCESS;
-
-        case WITH:
-        case ASYNC_WITH:
-            *ploc = LOC((stmt_ty)info->fb_datum);
-            ADDOP(c, *ploc, POP_BLOCK);
-            if (preserve_tos) {
-                ADDOP_I(c, *ploc, SWAP, 2);
-            }
-            RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_call_exit_with_nones(c, *ploc));
-            if (info->fb_type == ASYNC_WITH) {
-                ADDOP_I(c, *ploc, GET_AWAITABLE, 2);
-                ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, *ploc, Py_None);
-                ADD_YIELD_FROM(c, *ploc, 1);
-            }
-            ADDOP(c, *ploc, POP_TOP);
-            /* The exit block should appear to execute after the
-             * statement causing the unwinding, so make the unwinding
-             * instruction artificial */
-            *ploc = NO_LOCATION;
-            return SUCCESS;
-
-        case HANDLER_CLEANUP: {
-            if (info->fb_datum) {
-                ADDOP(c, *ploc, POP_BLOCK);
-            }
-            if (preserve_tos) {
-                ADDOP_I(c, *ploc, SWAP, 2);
-            }
-            ADDOP(c, *ploc, POP_BLOCK);
-            ADDOP(c, *ploc, POP_EXCEPT);
-            if (info->fb_datum) {
-                ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, *ploc, Py_None);
-                RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_nameop(c, *ploc, info->fb_datum, Store));
-                RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_nameop(c, *ploc, info->fb_datum, Del));
-            }
-            return SUCCESS;
-        }
-        case POP_VALUE: {
-            if (preserve_tos) {
-                ADDOP_I(c, *ploc, SWAP, 2);
-            }
-            ADDOP(c, *ploc, POP_TOP);
-            return SUCCESS;
-        }
-    }
-    Py_UNREACHABLE();
+    assert(SAME_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(u->u_fblock[u->u_nfblocks].fb_block, block_label));
 }
 
-/** Unwind block stack. If loop is not NULL, then stop when the first loop is encountered. */
-static int
-compiler_unwind_fblock_stack(struct compiler *c, location *ploc,
-                             int preserve_tos, struct fblockinfo **loop)
+fblockinfo *
+_PyCompile_TopFBlock(compiler *c)
 {
     if (c->u->u_nfblocks == 0) {
-        return SUCCESS;
-    }
-    struct fblockinfo *top = &c->u->u_fblock[c->u->u_nfblocks-1];
-    if (top->fb_type == EXCEPTION_GROUP_HANDLER) {
-        return compiler_error(
-            c, *ploc, "'break', 'continue' and 'return' cannot appear in an except* block");
-    }
-    if (loop != NULL && (top->fb_type == WHILE_LOOP || top->fb_type == FOR_LOOP)) {
-        *loop = top;
-        return SUCCESS;
+        return NULL;
     }
-    struct fblockinfo copy = *top;
-    c->u->u_nfblocks--;
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_unwind_fblock(c, ploc, &copy, preserve_tos));
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_unwind_fblock_stack(c, ploc, preserve_tos, loop));
-    c->u->u_fblock[c->u->u_nfblocks] = copy;
-    c->u->u_nfblocks++;
-    return SUCCESS;
+    return &c->u->u_fblock[c->u->u_nfblocks - 1];
 }
 
-/* Compile a sequence of statements, checking for a docstring
-   and for annotations. */
-
-static int
-compiler_body(struct compiler *c, location loc, asdl_stmt_seq *stmts)
+PyObject *
+_PyCompile_DeferredAnnotations(compiler *c)
 {
+    return c->u->u_deferred_annotations;
+}
 
-    /* Set current line number to the line number of first statement.
-       This way line number for SETUP_ANNOTATIONS will always
-       coincide with the line number of first "real" statement in module.
-       If body is empty, then lineno will be set later in optimize_and_assemble. */
-    if (c->u->u_scope_type == COMPILER_SCOPE_MODULE && asdl_seq_LEN(stmts)) {
+static location
+start_location(asdl_stmt_seq *stmts)
+{
+    if (asdl_seq_LEN(stmts) > 0) {
+        /* Set current line number to the line number of first statement.
+         * This way line number for SETUP_ANNOTATIONS will always
+         * coincide with the line number of first "real" statement in module.
+         * If body is empty, then lineno will be set later in the assembly stage.
+         */
         stmt_ty st = (stmt_ty)asdl_seq_GET(stmts, 0);
-        loc = LOC(st);
-    }
-    /* Every annotated class and module should have __annotations__. */
-    if (find_ann(stmts)) {
-        ADDOP(c, loc, SETUP_ANNOTATIONS);
+        return SRC_LOCATION_FROM_AST(st);
     }
-    if (!asdl_seq_LEN(stmts)) {
-        return SUCCESS;
-    }
-    Py_ssize_t first_instr = 0;
-    PyObject *docstring = _PyAST_GetDocString(stmts);
-    if (docstring) {
-        first_instr = 1;
-        /* if not -OO mode, set docstring */
-        if (c->c_optimize < 2) {
-            PyObject *cleandoc = _PyCompile_CleanDoc(docstring);
-            if (cleandoc == NULL) {
-                return ERROR;
-            }
-            stmt_ty st = (stmt_ty)asdl_seq_GET(stmts, 0);
-            assert(st->kind == Expr_kind);
-            location loc = LOC(st->v.Expr.value);
-            ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, loc, cleandoc);
-            Py_DECREF(cleandoc);
-            RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_nameop(c, NO_LOCATION, &_Py_ID(__doc__), Store));
-        }
-    }
-    for (Py_ssize_t i = first_instr; i < asdl_seq_LEN(stmts); i++) {
-        VISIT(c, stmt, (stmt_ty)asdl_seq_GET(stmts, i));
-    }
-    return SUCCESS;
+    return (const _Py_SourceLocation){1, 1, 0, 0};
 }
 
 static int
-compiler_codegen(struct compiler *c, mod_ty mod)
+compiler_codegen(compiler *c, mod_ty mod)
 {
-    location loc = LOCATION(1, 1, 0, 0);
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(_PyCodegen_EnterAnonymousScope(c, mod));
+    assert(c->u->u_scope_type == COMPILE_SCOPE_MODULE);
     switch (mod->kind) {
-    case Module_kind:
-        if (compiler_body(c, loc, mod->v.Module.body) < 0) {
-            return ERROR;
-        }
+    case Module_kind: {
+        asdl_stmt_seq *stmts = mod->v.Module.body;
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(_PyCodegen_Body(c, start_location(stmts), stmts, false));
         break;
-    case Interactive_kind:
-        if (find_ann(mod->v.Interactive.body)) {
-            ADDOP(c, loc, SETUP_ANNOTATIONS);
-        }
+    }
+    case Interactive_kind: {
         c->c_interactive = 1;
-        VISIT_SEQ(c, stmt, mod->v.Interactive.body);
+        asdl_stmt_seq *stmts = mod->v.Interactive.body;
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(_PyCodegen_Body(c, start_location(stmts), stmts, true));
         break;
-    case Expression_kind:
-        VISIT(c, expr, mod->v.Expression.body);
+    }
+    case Expression_kind: {
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(_PyCodegen_Expression(c, mod->v.Expression.body));
         break;
-    default:
+    }
+    default: {
         PyErr_Format(PyExc_SystemError,
                      "module kind %d should not be possible",
                      mod->kind);
         return ERROR;
-    }
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static int
-compiler_enter_anonymous_scope(struct compiler* c, mod_ty mod)
-{
-    _Py_DECLARE_STR(anon_module, "<module>");
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(
-        compiler_enter_scope(c, &_Py_STR(anon_module), COMPILER_SCOPE_MODULE,
-                             mod, 1));
+    }}
     return SUCCESS;
 }
 
 static PyCodeObject *
-compiler_mod(struct compiler *c, mod_ty mod)
+compiler_mod(compiler *c, mod_ty mod)
 {
     PyCodeObject *co = NULL;
     int addNone = mod->kind != Expression_kind;
-    if (compiler_enter_anonymous_scope(c, mod) < 0) {
-        return NULL;
-    }
     if (compiler_codegen(c, mod) < 0) {
         goto finally;
     }
-    co = optimize_and_assemble(c, addNone);
+    co = _PyCompile_OptimizeAndAssemble(c, addNone);
 finally:
-    compiler_exit_scope(c);
+    _PyCompile_ExitScope(c);
     return co;
 }
 
-/* The test for LOCAL must come before the test for FREE in order to
-   handle classes where name is both local and free.  The local var is
-   a method and the free var is a free var referenced within a method.
-*/
-
-static int
-get_ref_type(struct compiler *c, PyObject *name)
+int
+_PyCompile_GetRefType(compiler *c, PyObject *name)
 {
-    int scope;
-    if (c->u->u_scope_type == COMPILER_SCOPE_CLASS &&
+    if (c->u->u_scope_type == COMPILE_SCOPE_CLASS &&
         (_PyUnicode_EqualToASCIIString(name, "__class__") ||
          _PyUnicode_EqualToASCIIString(name, "__classdict__"))) {
         return CELL;
     }
-    scope = _PyST_GetScope(c->u->u_ste, name);
+    PySTEntryObject *ste = c->u->u_ste;
+    int scope = _PyST_GetScope(ste, name);
     if (scope == 0) {
         PyErr_Format(PyExc_SystemError,
                      "_PyST_GetScope(name=%R) failed: "
                      "unknown scope in unit %S (%R); "
-                     "symbols: %R; locals: %R; globals: %R",
+                     "symbols: %R; locals: %R; "
+                     "globals: %R",
                      name,
-                     c->u->u_metadata.u_name, c->u->u_ste->ste_id,
-                     c->u->u_ste->ste_symbols, c->u->u_metadata.u_varnames, c->u->u_metadata.u_names);
+                     c->u->u_metadata.u_name, ste->ste_id,
+                     ste->ste_symbols, c->u->u_metadata.u_varnames,
+                     c->u->u_metadata.u_names);
         return ERROR;
     }
     return scope;
 }
 
 static int
-compiler_lookup_arg(PyObject *dict, PyObject *name)
+dict_lookup_arg(PyObject *dict, PyObject *name)
 {
     PyObject *v = PyDict_GetItemWithError(dict, name);
     if (v == NULL) {
         return ERROR;
     }
-    return PyLong_AS_LONG(v);
-}
-
-static int
-compiler_make_closure(struct compiler *c, location loc,
-                      PyCodeObject *co, Py_ssize_t flags)
-{
-    if (co->co_nfreevars) {
-        int i = PyUnstable_Code_GetFirstFree(co);
-        for (; i < co->co_nlocalsplus; ++i) {
-            /* Bypass com_addop_varname because it will generate
-               LOAD_DEREF but LOAD_CLOSURE is needed.
-            */
-            PyObject *name = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(co->co_localsplusnames, i);
-
-            /* Special case: If a class contains a method with a
-               free variable that has the same name as a method,
-               the name will be considered free *and* local in the
-               class.  It should be handled by the closure, as
-               well as by the normal name lookup logic.
-            */
-            int reftype = get_ref_type(c, name);
-            if (reftype == -1) {
-                return ERROR;
-            }
-            int arg;
-            if (reftype == CELL) {
-                arg = compiler_lookup_arg(c->u->u_metadata.u_cellvars, name);
-            }
-            else {
-                arg = compiler_lookup_arg(c->u->u_metadata.u_freevars, name);
-            }
-            if (arg == -1) {
-                PyObject *freevars = _PyCode_GetFreevars(co);
-                if (freevars == NULL) {
-                    PyErr_Clear();
-                }
-                PyErr_Format(PyExc_SystemError,
-                    "compiler_lookup_arg(name=%R) with reftype=%d failed in %S; "
-                    "freevars of code %S: %R",
-                    name,
-                    reftype,
-                    c->u->u_metadata.u_name,
-                    co->co_name,
-                    freevars);
-                Py_DECREF(freevars);
-                return ERROR;
-            }
-            ADDOP_I(c, loc, LOAD_CLOSURE, arg);
-        }
-        flags |= MAKE_FUNCTION_CLOSURE;
-        ADDOP_I(c, loc, BUILD_TUPLE, co->co_nfreevars);
-    }
-    ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, loc, (PyObject*)co);
-
-    ADDOP(c, loc, MAKE_FUNCTION);
-
-    if (flags & MAKE_FUNCTION_CLOSURE) {
-        ADDOP_I(c, loc, SET_FUNCTION_ATTRIBUTE, MAKE_FUNCTION_CLOSURE);
-    }
-    if (flags & MAKE_FUNCTION_ANNOTATIONS) {
-        ADDOP_I(c, loc, SET_FUNCTION_ATTRIBUTE, MAKE_FUNCTION_ANNOTATIONS);
-    }
-    if (flags & MAKE_FUNCTION_KWDEFAULTS) {
-        ADDOP_I(c, loc, SET_FUNCTION_ATTRIBUTE, MAKE_FUNCTION_KWDEFAULTS);
-    }
-    if (flags & MAKE_FUNCTION_DEFAULTS) {
-        ADDOP_I(c, loc, SET_FUNCTION_ATTRIBUTE, MAKE_FUNCTION_DEFAULTS);
-    }
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static int
-compiler_decorators(struct compiler *c, asdl_expr_seq* decos)
-{
-    if (!decos) {
-        return SUCCESS;
-    }
-
-    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < asdl_seq_LEN(decos); i++) {
-        VISIT(c, expr, (expr_ty)asdl_seq_GET(decos, i));
-    }
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static int
-compiler_apply_decorators(struct compiler *c, asdl_expr_seq* decos)
-{
-    if (!decos) {
-        return SUCCESS;
-    }
-
-    for (Py_ssize_t i = asdl_seq_LEN(decos) - 1; i > -1; i--) {
-        location loc = LOC((expr_ty)asdl_seq_GET(decos, i));
-        ADDOP_I(c, loc, CALL, 0);
-    }
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static int
-compiler_visit_kwonlydefaults(struct compiler *c, location loc,
-                              asdl_arg_seq *kwonlyargs, asdl_expr_seq *kw_defaults)
-{
-    /* Push a dict of keyword-only default values.
-
-       Return -1 on error, 0 if no dict pushed, 1 if a dict is pushed.
-       */
-    int i;
-    PyObject *keys = NULL;
-
-    for (i = 0; i < asdl_seq_LEN(kwonlyargs); i++) {
-        arg_ty arg = asdl_seq_GET(kwonlyargs, i);
-        expr_ty default_ = asdl_seq_GET(kw_defaults, i);
-        if (default_) {
-            PyObject *mangled = _Py_MaybeMangle(c->u->u_private, c->u->u_ste, arg->arg);
-            if (!mangled) {
-                goto error;
-            }
-            if (keys == NULL) {
-                keys = PyList_New(1);
-                if (keys == NULL) {
-                    Py_DECREF(mangled);
-                    return ERROR;
-                }
-                PyList_SET_ITEM(keys, 0, mangled);
-            }
-            else {
-                int res = PyList_Append(keys, mangled);
-                Py_DECREF(mangled);
-                if (res == -1) {
-                    goto error;
-                }
-            }
-            if (compiler_visit_expr(c, default_) < 0) {
-                goto error;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    if (keys != NULL) {
-        Py_ssize_t default_count = PyList_GET_SIZE(keys);
-        PyObject *keys_tuple = PyList_AsTuple(keys);
-        Py_DECREF(keys);
-        ADDOP_LOAD_CONST_NEW(c, loc, keys_tuple);
-        ADDOP_I(c, loc, BUILD_CONST_KEY_MAP, default_count);
-        assert(default_count > 0);
-        return 1;
-    }
-    else {
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-error:
-    Py_XDECREF(keys);
-    return ERROR;
+    return PyLong_AsLong(v);
 }
 
-static int
-compiler_visit_annexpr(struct compiler *c, expr_ty annotation)
+int
+_PyCompile_LookupCellvar(compiler *c, PyObject *name)
 {
-    location loc = LOC(annotation);
-    ADDOP_LOAD_CONST_NEW(c, loc, _PyAST_ExprAsUnicode(annotation));
-    return SUCCESS;
+    assert(c->u->u_metadata.u_cellvars);
+    return dict_lookup_arg(c->u->u_metadata.u_cellvars, name);
 }
 
-static int
-compiler_visit_argannotation(struct compiler *c, identifier id,
-    expr_ty annotation, Py_ssize_t *annotations_len, location loc)
+int
+_PyCompile_LookupArg(compiler *c, PyCodeObject *co, PyObject *name)
 {
-    if (!annotation) {
-        return SUCCESS;
-    }
-    PyObject *mangled = _Py_MaybeMangle(c->u->u_private, c->u->u_ste, id);
-    if (!mangled) {
+    /* Special case: If a class contains a method with a
+     * free variable that has the same name as a method,
+     * the name will be considered free *and* local in the
+     * class.  It should be handled by the closure, as
+     * well as by the normal name lookup logic.
+     */
+    int reftype = _PyCompile_GetRefType(c, name);
+    if (reftype == -1) {
         return ERROR;
     }
-    ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, loc, mangled);
-    Py_DECREF(mangled);
-
-    if (c->c_future.ff_features & CO_FUTURE_ANNOTATIONS) {
-        VISIT(c, annexpr, annotation);
+    int arg;
+    if (reftype == CELL) {
+        arg = dict_lookup_arg(c->u->u_metadata.u_cellvars, name);
     }
     else {
-        if (annotation->kind == Starred_kind) {
-            // *args: *Ts (where Ts is a TypeVarTuple).
-            // Do [annotation_value] = [*Ts].
-            // (Note that in theory we could end up here even for an argument
-            // other than *args, but in practice the grammar doesn't allow it.)
-            VISIT(c, expr, annotation->v.Starred.value);
-            ADDOP_I(c, loc, UNPACK_SEQUENCE, (Py_ssize_t) 1);
-        }
-        else {
-            VISIT(c, expr, annotation);
-        }
+        arg = dict_lookup_arg(c->u->u_metadata.u_freevars, name);
     }
-    *annotations_len += 2;
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static int
-compiler_visit_argannotations(struct compiler *c, asdl_arg_seq* args,
-                              Py_ssize_t *annotations_len, location loc)
-{
-    int i;
-    for (i = 0; i < asdl_seq_LEN(args); i++) {
-        arg_ty arg = (arg_ty)asdl_seq_GET(args, i);
-        RETURN_IF_ERROR(
-            compiler_visit_argannotation(
-                        c,
-                        arg->arg,
-                        arg->annotation,
-                        annotations_len,
-                        loc));
+    if (arg == -1 && !PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        PyObject *freevars = _PyCode_GetFreevars(co);
+        if (freevars == NULL) {
+            PyErr_Clear();
+        }
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_SystemError,
+            "compiler_lookup_arg(name=%R) with reftype=%d failed in %S; "
+            "freevars of code %S: %R",
+            name,
+            reftype,
+            c->u->u_metadata.u_name,
+            co->co_name,
+            freevars);
+        Py_DECREF(freevars);
+        return ERROR;
     }
-    return SUCCESS;
+    return arg;
 }
 
-static int
-compiler_visit_annotations(struct compiler *c, location loc,
-                           arguments_ty args, expr_ty returns)
+PyObject *
+_PyCompile_StaticAttributesAsTuple(compiler *c)
 {
-    /* Push arg annotation names and values.
-       The expressions are evaluated out-of-order wrt the source code.
-
-       Return -1 on error, 0 if no annotations pushed, 1 if a annotations is pushed.
-       */
-    Py_ssize_t annotations_len = 0;
-
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(
-        compiler_visit_argannotations(c, args->args, &annotations_len, loc));
-
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(
-        compiler_visit_argannotations(c, args->posonlyargs, &annotations_len, loc));
-
-    if (args->vararg && args->vararg->annotation) {
-        RETURN_IF_ERROR(
-            compiler_visit_argannotation(c, args->vararg->arg,
-                                         args->vararg->annotation, &annotations_len, loc));
-    }
-
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(
-        compiler_visit_argannotations(c, args->kwonlyargs, &annotations_len, loc));
-
-    if (args->kwarg && args->kwarg->annotation) {
-        RETURN_IF_ERROR(
-            compiler_visit_argannotation(c, args->kwarg->arg,
-                                         args->kwarg->annotation, &annotations_len, loc));
+    assert(c->u->u_static_attributes);
+    PyObject *static_attributes_unsorted = PySequence_List(c->u->u_static_attributes);
+    if (static_attributes_unsorted == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
     }
-
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(
-        compiler_visit_argannotation(c, &_Py_ID(return), returns, &annotations_len, loc));
-
-    if (annotations_len) {
-        ADDOP_I(c, loc, BUILD_TUPLE, annotations_len);
-        return 1;
+    if (PyList_Sort(static_attributes_unsorted) != 0) {
+        Py_DECREF(static_attributes_unsorted);
+        return NULL;
     }
-
-    return 0;
+    PyObject *static_attributes = PySequence_Tuple(static_attributes_unsorted);
+    Py_DECREF(static_attributes_unsorted);
+    return static_attributes;
 }
 
-static int
-compiler_visit_defaults(struct compiler *c, arguments_ty args,
-                        location loc)
+int
+_PyCompile_ResolveNameop(compiler *c, PyObject *mangled, int scope,
+                          _PyCompile_optype *optype, Py_ssize_t *arg)
 {
-    VISIT_SEQ(c, expr, args->defaults);
-    ADDOP_I(c, loc, BUILD_TUPLE, asdl_seq_LEN(args->defaults));
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
+    PyObject *dict = c->u->u_metadata.u_names;
+    *optype = COMPILE_OP_NAME;
 
-static Py_ssize_t
-compiler_default_arguments(struct compiler *c, location loc,
-                           arguments_ty args)
-{
-    Py_ssize_t funcflags = 0;
-    if (args->defaults && asdl_seq_LEN(args->defaults) > 0) {
-        RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_visit_defaults(c, args, loc));
-        funcflags |= MAKE_FUNCTION_DEFAULTS;
-    }
-    if (args->kwonlyargs) {
-        int res = compiler_visit_kwonlydefaults(c, loc,
-                                                args->kwonlyargs,
-                                                args->kw_defaults);
-        RETURN_IF_ERROR(res);
-        if (res > 0) {
-            funcflags |= MAKE_FUNCTION_KWDEFAULTS;
+    assert(scope >= 0);
+    switch (scope) {
+    case FREE:
+        dict = c->u->u_metadata.u_freevars;
+        *optype = COMPILE_OP_DEREF;
+        break;
+    case CELL:
+        dict = c->u->u_metadata.u_cellvars;
+        *optype = COMPILE_OP_DEREF;
+        break;
+    case LOCAL:
+        if (_PyST_IsFunctionLike(c->u->u_ste)) {
+            *optype = COMPILE_OP_FAST;
         }
-    }
-    return funcflags;
-}
-
-static bool
-forbidden_name(struct compiler *c, location loc, identifier name,
-               expr_context_ty ctx)
-{
-    if (ctx == Store && _PyUnicode_EqualToASCIIString(name, "__debug__")) {
-        compiler_error(c, loc, "cannot assign to __debug__");
-        return true;
-    }
-    if (ctx == Del && _PyUnicode_EqualToASCIIString(name, "__debug__")) {
-        compiler_error(c, loc, "cannot delete __debug__");
-        return true;
-    }
-    return false;
-}
-
-static int
-compiler_check_debug_one_arg(struct compiler *c, arg_ty arg)
-{
-    if (arg != NULL) {
-        if (forbidden_name(c, LOC(arg), arg->arg, Store)) {
-            return ERROR;
+        else {
+            PyObject *item;
+            RETURN_IF_ERROR(PyDict_GetItemRef(c->u->u_metadata.u_fasthidden, mangled,
+                                              &item));
+            if (item == Py_True) {
+                *optype = COMPILE_OP_FAST;
+            }
+            Py_XDECREF(item);
         }
-    }
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static int
-compiler_check_debug_args_seq(struct compiler *c, asdl_arg_seq *args)
-{
-    if (args != NULL) {
-        for (Py_ssize_t i = 0, n = asdl_seq_LEN(args); i < n; i++) {
-            RETURN_IF_ERROR(
-                compiler_check_debug_one_arg(c, asdl_seq_GET(args, i)));
+        break;
+    case GLOBAL_IMPLICIT:
+        if (_PyST_IsFunctionLike(c->u->u_ste)) {
+            *optype = COMPILE_OP_GLOBAL;
         }
+        break;
+    case GLOBAL_EXPLICIT:
+        *optype = COMPILE_OP_GLOBAL;
+        break;
+    default:
+        /* scope can be 0 */
+        break;
+    }
+    if (*optype != COMPILE_OP_FAST) {
+        *arg = _PyCompile_DictAddObj(dict, mangled);
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(*arg);
     }
     return SUCCESS;
 }
 
-static int
-compiler_check_debug_args(struct compiler *c, arguments_ty args)
-{
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_check_debug_args_seq(c, args->posonlyargs));
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_check_debug_args_seq(c, args->args));
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_check_debug_one_arg(c, args->vararg));
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_check_debug_args_seq(c, args->kwonlyargs));
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_check_debug_one_arg(c, args->kwarg));
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static int
-wrap_in_stopiteration_handler(struct compiler *c)
+int
+_PyCompile_TweakInlinedComprehensionScopes(compiler *c, location loc,
+                                            PySTEntryObject *entry,
+                                            _PyCompile_InlinedComprehensionState *state)
 {
-    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, handler);
-
-    /* Insert SETUP_CLEANUP at start */
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(
-        _PyInstructionSequence_InsertInstruction(
-            INSTR_SEQUENCE(c), 0,
-            SETUP_CLEANUP, handler.id, NO_LOCATION));
-
-    ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, NO_LOCATION, Py_None);
-    ADDOP(c, NO_LOCATION, RETURN_VALUE);
-    USE_LABEL(c, handler);
-    ADDOP_I(c, NO_LOCATION, CALL_INTRINSIC_1, INTRINSIC_STOPITERATION_ERROR);
-    ADDOP_I(c, NO_LOCATION, RERAISE, 1);
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
+    int in_class_block = (c->u->u_ste->ste_type == ClassBlock) && !c->u->u_in_inlined_comp;
+    c->u->u_in_inlined_comp++;
 
-static int
-compiler_type_param_bound_or_default(struct compiler *c, expr_ty e,
-                                     identifier name, void *key,
-                                     bool allow_starred)
-{
-    if (compiler_enter_scope(c, name, COMPILER_SCOPE_TYPEPARAMS,
-                             key, e->lineno) == -1) {
-        return ERROR;
-    }
-    if (allow_starred && e->kind == Starred_kind) {
-        VISIT(c, expr, e->v.Starred.value);
-        ADDOP_I(c, LOC(e), UNPACK_SEQUENCE, (Py_ssize_t)1);
-    }
-    else {
-        VISIT(c, expr, e);
-    }
-    ADDOP_IN_SCOPE(c, LOC(e), RETURN_VALUE);
-    PyCodeObject *co = optimize_and_assemble(c, 1);
-    compiler_exit_scope(c);
-    if (co == NULL) {
-        return ERROR;
-    }
-    if (compiler_make_closure(c, LOC(e), co, 0) < 0) {
-        Py_DECREF(co);
-        return ERROR;
-    }
-    Py_DECREF(co);
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
+    PyObject *k, *v;
+    Py_ssize_t pos = 0;
+    while (PyDict_Next(entry->ste_symbols, &pos, &k, &v)) {
+        long symbol = PyLong_AsLong(v);
+        assert(symbol >= 0 || PyErr_Occurred());
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(symbol);
+        long scope = SYMBOL_TO_SCOPE(symbol);
 
-static int
-compiler_type_params(struct compiler *c, asdl_type_param_seq *type_params)
-{
-    if (!type_params) {
-        return SUCCESS;
-    }
-    Py_ssize_t n = asdl_seq_LEN(type_params);
-    bool seen_default = false;
-
-    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        type_param_ty typeparam = asdl_seq_GET(type_params, i);
-        location loc = LOC(typeparam);
-        switch(typeparam->kind) {
-        case TypeVar_kind:
-            ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, loc, typeparam->v.TypeVar.name);
-            if (typeparam->v.TypeVar.bound) {
-                expr_ty bound = typeparam->v.TypeVar.bound;
-                if (compiler_type_param_bound_or_default(c, bound, typeparam->v.TypeVar.name,
-                                                         (void *)typeparam, false) < 0) {
-                    return ERROR;
-                }
+        long outsymbol = _PyST_GetSymbol(c->u->u_ste, k);
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(outsymbol);
+        long outsc = SYMBOL_TO_SCOPE(outsymbol);
 
-                int intrinsic = bound->kind == Tuple_kind
-                    ? INTRINSIC_TYPEVAR_WITH_CONSTRAINTS
-                    : INTRINSIC_TYPEVAR_WITH_BOUND;
-                ADDOP_I(c, loc, CALL_INTRINSIC_2, intrinsic);
-            }
-            else {
-                ADDOP_I(c, loc, CALL_INTRINSIC_1, INTRINSIC_TYPEVAR);
-            }
-            if (typeparam->v.TypeVar.default_value) {
-                seen_default = true;
-                expr_ty default_ = typeparam->v.TypeVar.default_value;
-                if (compiler_type_param_bound_or_default(c, default_, typeparam->v.TypeVar.name,
-                                                         (void *)((uintptr_t)typeparam + 1), false) < 0) {
-                    return ERROR;
-                }
-                ADDOP_I(c, loc, CALL_INTRINSIC_2, INTRINSIC_SET_TYPEPARAM_DEFAULT);
-            }
-            else if (seen_default) {
-                return compiler_error(c, loc, "non-default type parameter '%U' "
-                                      "follows default type parameter",
-                                      typeparam->v.TypeVar.name);
-            }
-            ADDOP_I(c, loc, COPY, 1);
-            RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_nameop(c, loc, typeparam->v.TypeVar.name, Store));
-            break;
-        case TypeVarTuple_kind:
-            ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, loc, typeparam->v.TypeVarTuple.name);
-            ADDOP_I(c, loc, CALL_INTRINSIC_1, INTRINSIC_TYPEVARTUPLE);
-            if (typeparam->v.TypeVarTuple.default_value) {
-                expr_ty default_ = typeparam->v.TypeVarTuple.default_value;
-                if (compiler_type_param_bound_or_default(c, default_, typeparam->v.TypeVarTuple.name,
-                                                         (void *)typeparam, true) < 0) {
-                    return ERROR;
-                }
-                ADDOP_I(c, loc, CALL_INTRINSIC_2, INTRINSIC_SET_TYPEPARAM_DEFAULT);
-                seen_default = true;
-            }
-            else if (seen_default) {
-                return compiler_error(c, loc, "non-default type parameter '%U' "
-                                      "follows default type parameter",
-                                      typeparam->v.TypeVarTuple.name);
-            }
-            ADDOP_I(c, loc, COPY, 1);
-            RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_nameop(c, loc, typeparam->v.TypeVarTuple.name, Store));
-            break;
-        case ParamSpec_kind:
-            ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, loc, typeparam->v.ParamSpec.name);
-            ADDOP_I(c, loc, CALL_INTRINSIC_1, INTRINSIC_PARAMSPEC);
-            if (typeparam->v.ParamSpec.default_value) {
-                expr_ty default_ = typeparam->v.ParamSpec.default_value;
-                if (compiler_type_param_bound_or_default(c, default_, typeparam->v.ParamSpec.name,
-                                                         (void *)typeparam, false) < 0) {
+        // If a name has different scope inside than outside the comprehension,
+        // we need to temporarily handle it with the right scope while
+        // compiling the comprehension. If it's free in the comprehension
+        // scope, no special handling; it should be handled the same as the
+        // enclosing scope. (If it's free in outer scope and cell in inner
+        // scope, we can't treat it as both cell and free in the same function,
+        // but treating it as free throughout is fine; it's *_DEREF
+        // either way.)
+        if ((scope != outsc && scope != FREE && !(scope == CELL && outsc == FREE))
+                || in_class_block) {
+            if (state->temp_symbols == NULL) {
+                state->temp_symbols = PyDict_New();
+                if (state->temp_symbols == NULL) {
                     return ERROR;
                 }
-                ADDOP_I(c, loc, CALL_INTRINSIC_2, INTRINSIC_SET_TYPEPARAM_DEFAULT);
-                seen_default = true;
             }
-            else if (seen_default) {
-                return compiler_error(c, loc, "non-default type parameter '%U' "
-                                      "follows default type parameter",
-                                      typeparam->v.ParamSpec.name);
+            // update the symbol to the in-comprehension version and save
+            // the outer version; we'll restore it after running the
+            // comprehension
+            if (PyDict_SetItem(c->u->u_ste->ste_symbols, k, v) < 0) {
+                return ERROR;
             }
-            ADDOP_I(c, loc, COPY, 1);
-            RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_nameop(c, loc, typeparam->v.ParamSpec.name, Store));
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-    ADDOP_I(c, LOC(asdl_seq_GET(type_params, 0)), BUILD_TUPLE, n);
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static int
-compiler_function_body(struct compiler *c, stmt_ty s, int is_async, Py_ssize_t funcflags,
-                       int firstlineno)
-{
-    arguments_ty args;
-    identifier name;
-    asdl_stmt_seq *body;
-    int scope_type;
-
-    if (is_async) {
-        assert(s->kind == AsyncFunctionDef_kind);
-
-        args = s->v.AsyncFunctionDef.args;
-        name = s->v.AsyncFunctionDef.name;
-        body = s->v.AsyncFunctionDef.body;
-
-        scope_type = COMPILER_SCOPE_ASYNC_FUNCTION;
-    } else {
-        assert(s->kind == FunctionDef_kind);
-
-        args = s->v.FunctionDef.args;
-        name = s->v.FunctionDef.name;
-        body = s->v.FunctionDef.body;
-
-        scope_type = COMPILER_SCOPE_FUNCTION;
-    }
-
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(
-        compiler_enter_scope(c, name, scope_type, (void *)s, firstlineno));
-
-    Py_ssize_t first_instr = 0;
-    PyObject *docstring = _PyAST_GetDocString(body);
-    if (docstring) {
-        first_instr = 1;
-        /* if not -OO mode, add docstring */
-        if (c->c_optimize < 2) {
-            docstring = _PyCompile_CleanDoc(docstring);
-            if (docstring == NULL) {
-                compiler_exit_scope(c);
+            PyObject *outv = PyLong_FromLong(outsymbol);
+            if (outv == NULL) {
                 return ERROR;
             }
+            int res = PyDict_SetItem(state->temp_symbols, k, outv);
+            Py_DECREF(outv);
+            RETURN_IF_ERROR(res);
         }
-        else {
-            docstring = NULL;
-        }
-    }
-    if (compiler_add_const(c->c_const_cache, c->u, docstring ? docstring : Py_None) < 0) {
-        Py_XDECREF(docstring);
-        compiler_exit_scope(c);
-        return ERROR;
-    }
-    Py_CLEAR(docstring);
-
-    c->u->u_metadata.u_argcount = asdl_seq_LEN(args->args);
-    c->u->u_metadata.u_posonlyargcount = asdl_seq_LEN(args->posonlyargs);
-    c->u->u_metadata.u_kwonlyargcount = asdl_seq_LEN(args->kwonlyargs);
-
-    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, start);
-    USE_LABEL(c, start);
-    bool add_stopiteration_handler = c->u->u_ste->ste_coroutine || c->u->u_ste->ste_generator;
-    if (add_stopiteration_handler) {
-        /* wrap_in_stopiteration_handler will push a block, so we need to account for that */
-        RETURN_IF_ERROR(
-            compiler_push_fblock(c, NO_LOCATION, STOP_ITERATION,
-                                 start, NO_LABEL, NULL));
-    }
-
-    for (Py_ssize_t i = first_instr; i < asdl_seq_LEN(body); i++) {
-        VISIT_IN_SCOPE(c, stmt, (stmt_ty)asdl_seq_GET(body, i));
-    }
-    if (add_stopiteration_handler) {
-        if (wrap_in_stopiteration_handler(c) < 0) {
-            compiler_exit_scope(c);
-            return ERROR;
-        }
-        compiler_pop_fblock(c, STOP_ITERATION, start);
-    }
-    PyCodeObject *co = optimize_and_assemble(c, 1);
-    compiler_exit_scope(c);
-    if (co == NULL) {
-        Py_XDECREF(co);
-        return ERROR;
-    }
-    location loc = LOC(s);
-    if (compiler_make_closure(c, loc, co, funcflags) < 0) {
-        Py_DECREF(co);
-        return ERROR;
-    }
-    Py_DECREF(co);
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static int
-compiler_function(struct compiler *c, stmt_ty s, int is_async)
-{
-    arguments_ty args;
-    expr_ty returns;
-    identifier name;
-    asdl_expr_seq *decos;
-    asdl_type_param_seq *type_params;
-    Py_ssize_t funcflags;
-    int annotations;
-    int firstlineno;
-
-    if (is_async) {
-        assert(s->kind == AsyncFunctionDef_kind);
-
-        args = s->v.AsyncFunctionDef.args;
-        returns = s->v.AsyncFunctionDef.returns;
-        decos = s->v.AsyncFunctionDef.decorator_list;
-        name = s->v.AsyncFunctionDef.name;
-        type_params = s->v.AsyncFunctionDef.type_params;
-    } else {
-        assert(s->kind == FunctionDef_kind);
-
-        args = s->v.FunctionDef.args;
-        returns = s->v.FunctionDef.returns;
-        decos = s->v.FunctionDef.decorator_list;
-        name = s->v.FunctionDef.name;
-        type_params = s->v.FunctionDef.type_params;
-    }
-
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_check_debug_args(c, args));
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_decorators(c, decos));
-
-    firstlineno = s->lineno;
-    if (asdl_seq_LEN(decos)) {
-        firstlineno = ((expr_ty)asdl_seq_GET(decos, 0))->lineno;
-    }
-
-    location loc = LOC(s);
-
-    int is_generic = asdl_seq_LEN(type_params) > 0;
-
-    funcflags = compiler_default_arguments(c, loc, args);
-    if (funcflags == -1) {
-        return ERROR;
-    }
-
-    int num_typeparam_args = 0;
-
-    if (is_generic) {
-        if (funcflags & MAKE_FUNCTION_DEFAULTS) {
-            num_typeparam_args += 1;
-        }
-        if (funcflags & MAKE_FUNCTION_KWDEFAULTS) {
-            num_typeparam_args += 1;
-        }
-        if (num_typeparam_args == 2) {
-            ADDOP_I(c, loc, SWAP, 2);
-        }
-        PyObject *type_params_name = PyUnicode_FromFormat("<generic parameters of %U>", name);
-        if (!type_params_name) {
-            return ERROR;
-        }
-        if (compiler_enter_scope(c, type_params_name, COMPILER_SCOPE_TYPEPARAMS,
-                                 (void *)type_params, firstlineno) == -1) {
-            Py_DECREF(type_params_name);
-            return ERROR;
-        }
-        Py_DECREF(type_params_name);
-        RETURN_IF_ERROR_IN_SCOPE(c, compiler_type_params(c, type_params));
-        for (int i = 0; i < num_typeparam_args; i++) {
-            RETURN_IF_ERROR_IN_SCOPE(c, codegen_addop_i(INSTR_SEQUENCE(c), LOAD_FAST, i, loc));
-        }
-    }
-
-    annotations = compiler_visit_annotations(c, loc, args, returns);
-    if (annotations < 0) {
-        if (is_generic) {
-            compiler_exit_scope(c);
-        }
-        return ERROR;
-    }
-    if (annotations > 0) {
-        funcflags |= MAKE_FUNCTION_ANNOTATIONS;
-    }
-
-    if (compiler_function_body(c, s, is_async, funcflags, firstlineno) < 0) {
-        if (is_generic) {
-            compiler_exit_scope(c);
-        }
-        return ERROR;
-    }
-
-    if (is_generic) {
-        RETURN_IF_ERROR_IN_SCOPE(c, codegen_addop_i(
-            INSTR_SEQUENCE(c), SWAP, 2, loc));
-        RETURN_IF_ERROR_IN_SCOPE(c, codegen_addop_i(
-            INSTR_SEQUENCE(c), CALL_INTRINSIC_2, INTRINSIC_SET_FUNCTION_TYPE_PARAMS, loc));
-
-        c->u->u_metadata.u_argcount = num_typeparam_args;
-        PyCodeObject *co = optimize_and_assemble(c, 0);
-        compiler_exit_scope(c);
-        if (co == NULL) {
-            return ERROR;
-        }
-        if (compiler_make_closure(c, loc, co, 0) < 0) {
-            Py_DECREF(co);
-            return ERROR;
-        }
-        Py_DECREF(co);
-        if (num_typeparam_args > 0) {
-            ADDOP_I(c, loc, SWAP, num_typeparam_args + 1);
-            ADDOP_I(c, loc, CALL, num_typeparam_args - 1);
-        }
-        else {
-            ADDOP(c, loc, PUSH_NULL);
-            ADDOP_I(c, loc, CALL, 0);
-        }
-    }
-
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_apply_decorators(c, decos));
-    return compiler_nameop(c, loc, name, Store);
-}
-
-static int
-compiler_set_type_params_in_class(struct compiler *c, location loc)
-{
-    _Py_DECLARE_STR(type_params, ".type_params");
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_nameop(c, loc, &_Py_STR(type_params), Load));
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_nameop(c, loc, &_Py_ID(__type_params__), Store));
-    return 1;
-}
-
-static int
-compiler_class_body(struct compiler *c, stmt_ty s, int firstlineno)
-{
-    /* ultimately generate code for:
-         <name> = __build_class__(<func>, <name>, *<bases>, **<keywords>)
-       where:
-         <func> is a zero arg function/closure created from the class body.
-            It mutates its locals to build the class namespace.
-         <name> is the class name
-         <bases> is the positional arguments and *varargs argument
-         <keywords> is the keyword arguments and **kwds argument
-       This borrows from compiler_call.
-    */
-
-    /* 1. compile the class body into a code object */
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(
-        compiler_enter_scope(c, s->v.ClassDef.name,
-                             COMPILER_SCOPE_CLASS, (void *)s, firstlineno));
-
-    location loc = LOCATION(firstlineno, firstlineno, 0, 0);
-    /* use the class name for name mangling */
-    Py_XSETREF(c->u->u_private, Py_NewRef(s->v.ClassDef.name));
-    /* load (global) __name__ ... */
-    if (compiler_nameop(c, loc, &_Py_ID(__name__), Load) < 0) {
-        compiler_exit_scope(c);
-        return ERROR;
-    }
-    /* ... and store it as __module__ */
-    if (compiler_nameop(c, loc, &_Py_ID(__module__), Store) < 0) {
-        compiler_exit_scope(c);
-        return ERROR;
-    }
-    assert(c->u->u_metadata.u_qualname);
-    ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, loc, c->u->u_metadata.u_qualname);
-    if (compiler_nameop(c, loc, &_Py_ID(__qualname__), Store) < 0) {
-        compiler_exit_scope(c);
-        return ERROR;
-    }
-    ADDOP_LOAD_CONST_NEW(c, loc, PyLong_FromLong(c->u->u_metadata.u_firstlineno));
-    if (compiler_nameop(c, loc, &_Py_ID(__firstlineno__), Store) < 0) {
-        compiler_exit_scope(c);
-        return ERROR;
-    }
-    asdl_type_param_seq *type_params = s->v.ClassDef.type_params;
-    if (asdl_seq_LEN(type_params) > 0) {
-        if (!compiler_set_type_params_in_class(c, loc)) {
-            compiler_exit_scope(c);
-            return ERROR;
-        }
-    }
-    if (c->u->u_ste->ste_needs_classdict) {
-        ADDOP(c, loc, LOAD_LOCALS);
-
-        // We can't use compiler_nameop here because we need to generate a
-        // STORE_DEREF in a class namespace, and compiler_nameop() won't do
-        // that by default.
-        PyObject *cellvars = c->u->u_metadata.u_cellvars;
-        if (compiler_addop_o(c->u, loc, STORE_DEREF, cellvars,
-                             &_Py_ID(__classdict__)) < 0) {
-            compiler_exit_scope(c);
-            return ERROR;
-        }
-    }
-    /* compile the body proper */
-    if (compiler_body(c, loc, s->v.ClassDef.body) < 0) {
-        compiler_exit_scope(c);
-        return ERROR;
-    }
-    assert(c->u->u_static_attributes);
-    PyObject *static_attributes = PySequence_Tuple(c->u->u_static_attributes);
-    if (static_attributes == NULL) {
-        compiler_exit_scope(c);
-        return ERROR;
-    }
-    ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, NO_LOCATION, static_attributes);
-    Py_CLEAR(static_attributes);
-    if (compiler_nameop(c, NO_LOCATION, &_Py_ID(__static_attributes__), Store) < 0) {
-        compiler_exit_scope(c);
-        return ERROR;
-    }
-    /* The following code is artificial */
-    /* Set __classdictcell__ if necessary */
-    if (c->u->u_ste->ste_needs_classdict) {
-        /* Store __classdictcell__ into class namespace */
-        int i = compiler_lookup_arg(c->u->u_metadata.u_cellvars, &_Py_ID(__classdict__));
-        if (i < 0) {
-            compiler_exit_scope(c);
-            return ERROR;
-        }
-        ADDOP_I(c, NO_LOCATION, LOAD_CLOSURE, i);
-        if (compiler_nameop(c, NO_LOCATION, &_Py_ID(__classdictcell__), Store) < 0) {
-            compiler_exit_scope(c);
-            return ERROR;
-        }
-    }
-    /* Return __classcell__ if it is referenced, otherwise return None */
-    if (c->u->u_ste->ste_needs_class_closure) {
-        /* Store __classcell__ into class namespace & return it */
-        int i = compiler_lookup_arg(c->u->u_metadata.u_cellvars, &_Py_ID(__class__));
-        if (i < 0) {
-            compiler_exit_scope(c);
-            return ERROR;
-        }
-        ADDOP_I(c, NO_LOCATION, LOAD_CLOSURE, i);
-        ADDOP_I(c, NO_LOCATION, COPY, 1);
-        if (compiler_nameop(c, NO_LOCATION, &_Py_ID(__classcell__), Store) < 0) {
-            compiler_exit_scope(c);
-            return ERROR;
-        }
-    }
-    else {
-        /* No methods referenced __class__, so just return None */
-        ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, NO_LOCATION, Py_None);
-    }
-    ADDOP_IN_SCOPE(c, NO_LOCATION, RETURN_VALUE);
-    /* create the code object */
-    PyCodeObject *co = optimize_and_assemble(c, 1);
-
-    /* leave the new scope */
-    compiler_exit_scope(c);
-    if (co == NULL) {
-        return ERROR;
-    }
-
-    /* 2. load the 'build_class' function */
-
-    // these instructions should be attributed to the class line,
-    // not a decorator line
-    loc = LOC(s);
-    ADDOP(c, loc, LOAD_BUILD_CLASS);
-    ADDOP(c, loc, PUSH_NULL);
-
-    /* 3. load a function (or closure) made from the code object */
-    if (compiler_make_closure(c, loc, co, 0) < 0) {
-        Py_DECREF(co);
-        return ERROR;
-    }
-    Py_DECREF(co);
-
-    /* 4. load class name */
-    ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, loc, s->v.ClassDef.name);
-
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static int
-compiler_class(struct compiler *c, stmt_ty s)
-{
-    asdl_expr_seq *decos = s->v.ClassDef.decorator_list;
-
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_decorators(c, decos));
-
-    int firstlineno = s->lineno;
-    if (asdl_seq_LEN(decos)) {
-        firstlineno = ((expr_ty)asdl_seq_GET(decos, 0))->lineno;
-    }
-    location loc = LOC(s);
-
-    asdl_type_param_seq *type_params = s->v.ClassDef.type_params;
-    int is_generic = asdl_seq_LEN(type_params) > 0;
-    if (is_generic) {
-        PyObject *type_params_name = PyUnicode_FromFormat("<generic parameters of %U>",
-                                                         s->v.ClassDef.name);
-        if (!type_params_name) {
-            return ERROR;
-        }
-        if (compiler_enter_scope(c, type_params_name, COMPILER_SCOPE_TYPEPARAMS,
-                                 (void *)type_params, firstlineno) == -1) {
-            Py_DECREF(type_params_name);
-            return ERROR;
-        }
-        Py_DECREF(type_params_name);
-        Py_XSETREF(c->u->u_private, Py_NewRef(s->v.ClassDef.name));
-        RETURN_IF_ERROR_IN_SCOPE(c, compiler_type_params(c, type_params));
-        _Py_DECLARE_STR(type_params, ".type_params");
-        RETURN_IF_ERROR_IN_SCOPE(c, compiler_nameop(c, loc, &_Py_STR(type_params), Store));
-    }
-
-    if (compiler_class_body(c, s, firstlineno) < 0) {
-        if (is_generic) {
-            compiler_exit_scope(c);
-        }
-        return ERROR;
-    }
-
-    /* generate the rest of the code for the call */
-
-    if (is_generic) {
-        _Py_DECLARE_STR(type_params, ".type_params");
-        _Py_DECLARE_STR(generic_base, ".generic_base");
-        RETURN_IF_ERROR_IN_SCOPE(c, compiler_nameop(c, loc, &_Py_STR(type_params), Load));
-        RETURN_IF_ERROR_IN_SCOPE(
-            c, codegen_addop_i(INSTR_SEQUENCE(c), CALL_INTRINSIC_1, INTRINSIC_SUBSCRIPT_GENERIC, loc)
-        )
-        RETURN_IF_ERROR_IN_SCOPE(c, compiler_nameop(c, loc, &_Py_STR(generic_base), Store));
-
-        Py_ssize_t original_len = asdl_seq_LEN(s->v.ClassDef.bases);
-        asdl_expr_seq *bases = _Py_asdl_expr_seq_new(
-            original_len + 1, c->c_arena);
-        if (bases == NULL) {
-            compiler_exit_scope(c);
-            return ERROR;
-        }
-        for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < original_len; i++) {
-            asdl_seq_SET(bases, i, asdl_seq_GET(s->v.ClassDef.bases, i));
-        }
-        expr_ty name_node = _PyAST_Name(
-            &_Py_STR(generic_base), Load,
-            loc.lineno, loc.col_offset, loc.end_lineno, loc.end_col_offset, c->c_arena
-        );
-        if (name_node == NULL) {
-            compiler_exit_scope(c);
-            return ERROR;
-        }
-        asdl_seq_SET(bases, original_len, name_node);
-        RETURN_IF_ERROR_IN_SCOPE(c, compiler_call_helper(c, loc, 2,
-                                                         bases,
-                                                         s->v.ClassDef.keywords));
-
-        PyCodeObject *co = optimize_and_assemble(c, 0);
-
-        compiler_exit_scope(c);
-        if (co == NULL) {
-            return ERROR;
-        }
-        if (compiler_make_closure(c, loc, co, 0) < 0) {
-            Py_DECREF(co);
-            return ERROR;
-        }
-        Py_DECREF(co);
-        ADDOP(c, loc, PUSH_NULL);
-        ADDOP_I(c, loc, CALL, 0);
-    } else {
-        RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_call_helper(c, loc, 2,
-                                            s->v.ClassDef.bases,
-                                            s->v.ClassDef.keywords));
-    }
-
-    /* 6. apply decorators */
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_apply_decorators(c, decos));
-
-    /* 7. store into <name> */
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_nameop(c, loc, s->v.ClassDef.name, Store));
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static int
-compiler_typealias_body(struct compiler *c, stmt_ty s)
-{
-    location loc = LOC(s);
-    PyObject *name = s->v.TypeAlias.name->v.Name.id;
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(
-        compiler_enter_scope(c, name, COMPILER_SCOPE_FUNCTION, s, loc.lineno));
-    /* Make None the first constant, so the evaluate function can't have a
-        docstring. */
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_add_const(c->c_const_cache, c->u, Py_None));
-    VISIT_IN_SCOPE(c, expr, s->v.TypeAlias.value);
-    ADDOP_IN_SCOPE(c, loc, RETURN_VALUE);
-    PyCodeObject *co = optimize_and_assemble(c, 0);
-    compiler_exit_scope(c);
-    if (co == NULL) {
-        return ERROR;
-    }
-    if (compiler_make_closure(c, loc, co, 0) < 0) {
-        Py_DECREF(co);
-        return ERROR;
-    }
-    Py_DECREF(co);
-    ADDOP_I(c, loc, BUILD_TUPLE, 3);
-    ADDOP_I(c, loc, CALL_INTRINSIC_1, INTRINSIC_TYPEALIAS);
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static int
-compiler_typealias(struct compiler *c, stmt_ty s)
-{
-    location loc = LOC(s);
-    asdl_type_param_seq *type_params = s->v.TypeAlias.type_params;
-    int is_generic = asdl_seq_LEN(type_params) > 0;
-    PyObject *name = s->v.TypeAlias.name->v.Name.id;
-    if (is_generic) {
-        PyObject *type_params_name = PyUnicode_FromFormat("<generic parameters of %U>",
-                                                         name);
-        if (!type_params_name) {
-            return ERROR;
-        }
-        if (compiler_enter_scope(c, type_params_name, COMPILER_SCOPE_TYPEPARAMS,
-                                 (void *)type_params, loc.lineno) == -1) {
-            Py_DECREF(type_params_name);
-            return ERROR;
-        }
-        Py_DECREF(type_params_name);
-        RETURN_IF_ERROR_IN_SCOPE(
-            c, compiler_addop_load_const(c->c_const_cache, c->u, loc, name)
-        );
-        RETURN_IF_ERROR_IN_SCOPE(c, compiler_type_params(c, type_params));
-    }
-    else {
-        ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, loc, name);
-        ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, loc, Py_None);
-    }
-
-    if (compiler_typealias_body(c, s) < 0) {
-        if (is_generic) {
-            compiler_exit_scope(c);
-        }
-        return ERROR;
-    }
-
-    if (is_generic) {
-        PyCodeObject *co = optimize_and_assemble(c, 0);
-        compiler_exit_scope(c);
-        if (co == NULL) {
-            return ERROR;
-        }
-        if (compiler_make_closure(c, loc, co, 0) < 0) {
-            Py_DECREF(co);
-            return ERROR;
-        }
-        Py_DECREF(co);
-        ADDOP(c, loc, PUSH_NULL);
-        ADDOP_I(c, loc, CALL, 0);
-    }
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_nameop(c, loc, name, Store));
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-/* Return false if the expression is a constant value except named singletons.
-   Return true otherwise. */
-static bool
-check_is_arg(expr_ty e)
-{
-    if (e->kind != Constant_kind) {
-        return true;
-    }
-    PyObject *value = e->v.Constant.value;
-    return (value == Py_None
-         || value == Py_False
-         || value == Py_True
-         || value == Py_Ellipsis);
-}
-
-static PyTypeObject * infer_type(expr_ty e);
-
-/* Check operands of identity checks ("is" and "is not").
-   Emit a warning if any operand is a constant except named singletons.
- */
-static int
-check_compare(struct compiler *c, expr_ty e)
-{
-    Py_ssize_t i, n;
-    bool left = check_is_arg(e->v.Compare.left);
-    expr_ty left_expr = e->v.Compare.left;
-    n = asdl_seq_LEN(e->v.Compare.ops);
-    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        cmpop_ty op = (cmpop_ty)asdl_seq_GET(e->v.Compare.ops, i);
-        expr_ty right_expr = (expr_ty)asdl_seq_GET(e->v.Compare.comparators, i);
-        bool right = check_is_arg(right_expr);
-        if (op == Is || op == IsNot) {
-            if (!right || !left) {
-                const char *msg = (op == Is)
-                        ? "\"is\" with '%.200s' literal. Did you mean \"==\"?"
-                        : "\"is not\" with '%.200s' literal. Did you mean \"!=\"?";
-                expr_ty literal = !left ? left_expr : right_expr;
-                return compiler_warn(
-                    c, LOC(e), msg, infer_type(literal)->tp_name
-                );
-            }
-        }
-        left = right;
-        left_expr = right_expr;
-    }
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static const int compare_masks[] = {
-    [Py_LT] = COMPARISON_LESS_THAN,
-    [Py_LE] = COMPARISON_LESS_THAN | COMPARISON_EQUALS,
-    [Py_EQ] = COMPARISON_EQUALS,
-    [Py_NE] = COMPARISON_NOT_EQUALS,
-    [Py_GT] = COMPARISON_GREATER_THAN,
-    [Py_GE] = COMPARISON_GREATER_THAN | COMPARISON_EQUALS,
-};
-
-static int compiler_addcompare(struct compiler *c, location loc,
-                               cmpop_ty op)
-{
-    int cmp;
-    switch (op) {
-    case Eq:
-        cmp = Py_EQ;
-        break;
-    case NotEq:
-        cmp = Py_NE;
-        break;
-    case Lt:
-        cmp = Py_LT;
-        break;
-    case LtE:
-        cmp = Py_LE;
-        break;
-    case Gt:
-        cmp = Py_GT;
-        break;
-    case GtE:
-        cmp = Py_GE;
-        break;
-    case Is:
-        ADDOP_I(c, loc, IS_OP, 0);
-        return SUCCESS;
-    case IsNot:
-        ADDOP_I(c, loc, IS_OP, 1);
-        return SUCCESS;
-    case In:
-        ADDOP_I(c, loc, CONTAINS_OP, 0);
-        return SUCCESS;
-    case NotIn:
-        ADDOP_I(c, loc, CONTAINS_OP, 1);
-        return SUCCESS;
-    default:
-        Py_UNREACHABLE();
-    }
-    // cmp goes in top three bits of the oparg, while the low four bits are used
-    // by quickened versions of this opcode to store the comparison mask. The
-    // fifth-lowest bit indicates whether the result should be converted to bool
-    // and is set later):
-    ADDOP_I(c, loc, COMPARE_OP, (cmp << 5) | compare_masks[cmp]);
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-
-
-static int
-compiler_jump_if(struct compiler *c, location loc,
-                 expr_ty e, jump_target_label next, int cond)
-{
-    switch (e->kind) {
-    case UnaryOp_kind:
-        if (e->v.UnaryOp.op == Not) {
-            return compiler_jump_if(c, loc, e->v.UnaryOp.operand, next, !cond);
-        }
-        /* fallback to general implementation */
-        break;
-    case BoolOp_kind: {
-        asdl_expr_seq *s = e->v.BoolOp.values;
-        Py_ssize_t i, n = asdl_seq_LEN(s) - 1;
-        assert(n >= 0);
-        int cond2 = e->v.BoolOp.op == Or;
-        jump_target_label next2 = next;
-        if (!cond2 != !cond) {
-            NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, new_next2);
-            next2 = new_next2;
-        }
-        for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-            RETURN_IF_ERROR(
-                compiler_jump_if(c, loc, (expr_ty)asdl_seq_GET(s, i), next2, cond2));
-        }
-        RETURN_IF_ERROR(
-            compiler_jump_if(c, loc, (expr_ty)asdl_seq_GET(s, n), next, cond));
-        if (!SAME_LABEL(next2, next)) {
-            USE_LABEL(c, next2);
-        }
-        return SUCCESS;
-    }
-    case IfExp_kind: {
-        NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, end);
-        NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, next2);
-        RETURN_IF_ERROR(
-            compiler_jump_if(c, loc, e->v.IfExp.test, next2, 0));
-        RETURN_IF_ERROR(
-            compiler_jump_if(c, loc, e->v.IfExp.body, next, cond));
-        ADDOP_JUMP(c, NO_LOCATION, JUMP_NO_INTERRUPT, end);
-
-        USE_LABEL(c, next2);
-        RETURN_IF_ERROR(
-            compiler_jump_if(c, loc, e->v.IfExp.orelse, next, cond));
-
-        USE_LABEL(c, end);
-        return SUCCESS;
-    }
-    case Compare_kind: {
-        Py_ssize_t n = asdl_seq_LEN(e->v.Compare.ops) - 1;
-        if (n > 0) {
-            RETURN_IF_ERROR(check_compare(c, e));
-            NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, cleanup);
-            VISIT(c, expr, e->v.Compare.left);
-            for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-                VISIT(c, expr,
-                    (expr_ty)asdl_seq_GET(e->v.Compare.comparators, i));
-                ADDOP_I(c, LOC(e), SWAP, 2);
-                ADDOP_I(c, LOC(e), COPY, 2);
-                ADDOP_COMPARE(c, LOC(e), asdl_seq_GET(e->v.Compare.ops, i));
-                ADDOP(c, LOC(e), TO_BOOL);
-                ADDOP_JUMP(c, LOC(e), POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE, cleanup);
-            }
-            VISIT(c, expr, (expr_ty)asdl_seq_GET(e->v.Compare.comparators, n));
-            ADDOP_COMPARE(c, LOC(e), asdl_seq_GET(e->v.Compare.ops, n));
-            ADDOP(c, LOC(e), TO_BOOL);
-            ADDOP_JUMP(c, LOC(e), cond ? POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE : POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE, next);
-            NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, end);
-            ADDOP_JUMP(c, NO_LOCATION, JUMP_NO_INTERRUPT, end);
-
-            USE_LABEL(c, cleanup);
-            ADDOP(c, LOC(e), POP_TOP);
-            if (!cond) {
-                ADDOP_JUMP(c, NO_LOCATION, JUMP_NO_INTERRUPT, next);
-            }
-
-            USE_LABEL(c, end);
-            return SUCCESS;
-        }
-        /* fallback to general implementation */
-        break;
-    }
-    default:
-        /* fallback to general implementation */
-        break;
-    }
-
-    /* general implementation */
-    VISIT(c, expr, e);
-    ADDOP(c, LOC(e), TO_BOOL);
-    ADDOP_JUMP(c, LOC(e), cond ? POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE : POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE, next);
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static int
-compiler_ifexp(struct compiler *c, expr_ty e)
-{
-    assert(e->kind == IfExp_kind);
-    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, end);
-    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, next);
-
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(
-        compiler_jump_if(c, LOC(e), e->v.IfExp.test, next, 0));
-
-    VISIT(c, expr, e->v.IfExp.body);
-    ADDOP_JUMP(c, NO_LOCATION, JUMP_NO_INTERRUPT, end);
-
-    USE_LABEL(c, next);
-    VISIT(c, expr, e->v.IfExp.orelse);
-
-    USE_LABEL(c, end);
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static int
-compiler_lambda(struct compiler *c, expr_ty e)
-{
-    PyCodeObject *co;
-    Py_ssize_t funcflags;
-    arguments_ty args = e->v.Lambda.args;
-    assert(e->kind == Lambda_kind);
-
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_check_debug_args(c, args));
-
-    location loc = LOC(e);
-    funcflags = compiler_default_arguments(c, loc, args);
-    if (funcflags == -1) {
-        return ERROR;
-    }
-
-    _Py_DECLARE_STR(anon_lambda, "<lambda>");
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(
-        compiler_enter_scope(c, &_Py_STR(anon_lambda), COMPILER_SCOPE_LAMBDA,
-                             (void *)e, e->lineno));
-
-    /* Make None the first constant, so the lambda can't have a
-       docstring. */
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_add_const(c->c_const_cache, c->u, Py_None));
-
-    c->u->u_metadata.u_argcount = asdl_seq_LEN(args->args);
-    c->u->u_metadata.u_posonlyargcount = asdl_seq_LEN(args->posonlyargs);
-    c->u->u_metadata.u_kwonlyargcount = asdl_seq_LEN(args->kwonlyargs);
-    VISIT_IN_SCOPE(c, expr, e->v.Lambda.body);
-    if (c->u->u_ste->ste_generator) {
-        co = optimize_and_assemble(c, 0);
-    }
-    else {
-        location loc = LOCATION(e->lineno, e->lineno, 0, 0);
-        ADDOP_IN_SCOPE(c, loc, RETURN_VALUE);
-        co = optimize_and_assemble(c, 1);
-    }
-    compiler_exit_scope(c);
-    if (co == NULL) {
-        return ERROR;
-    }
-
-    if (compiler_make_closure(c, loc, co, funcflags) < 0) {
-        Py_DECREF(co);
-        return ERROR;
-    }
-    Py_DECREF(co);
-
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static int
-compiler_if(struct compiler *c, stmt_ty s)
-{
-    jump_target_label next;
-    assert(s->kind == If_kind);
-    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, end);
-    if (asdl_seq_LEN(s->v.If.orelse)) {
-        NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, orelse);
-        next = orelse;
-    }
-    else {
-        next = end;
-    }
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(
-        compiler_jump_if(c, LOC(s), s->v.If.test, next, 0));
-
-    VISIT_SEQ(c, stmt, s->v.If.body);
-    if (asdl_seq_LEN(s->v.If.orelse)) {
-        ADDOP_JUMP(c, NO_LOCATION, JUMP_NO_INTERRUPT, end);
-
-        USE_LABEL(c, next);
-        VISIT_SEQ(c, stmt, s->v.If.orelse);
-    }
-
-    USE_LABEL(c, end);
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static int
-compiler_for(struct compiler *c, stmt_ty s)
-{
-    location loc = LOC(s);
-    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, start);
-    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, body);
-    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, cleanup);
-    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, end);
-
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_push_fblock(c, loc, FOR_LOOP, start, end, NULL));
-
-    VISIT(c, expr, s->v.For.iter);
-    ADDOP(c, loc, GET_ITER);
-
-    USE_LABEL(c, start);
-    ADDOP_JUMP(c, loc, FOR_ITER, cleanup);
-
-    USE_LABEL(c, body);
-    VISIT(c, expr, s->v.For.target);
-    VISIT_SEQ(c, stmt, s->v.For.body);
-    /* Mark jump as artificial */
-    ADDOP_JUMP(c, NO_LOCATION, JUMP, start);
-
-    USE_LABEL(c, cleanup);
-    /* It is important for instrumentation that the `END_FOR` comes first.
-    * Iteration over a generator will jump to the first of these instructions,
-    * but a non-generator will jump to a later instruction.
-    */
-    ADDOP(c, NO_LOCATION, END_FOR);
-    ADDOP(c, NO_LOCATION, POP_TOP);
-
-    compiler_pop_fblock(c, FOR_LOOP, start);
-
-    VISIT_SEQ(c, stmt, s->v.For.orelse);
-
-    USE_LABEL(c, end);
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-
-static int
-compiler_async_for(struct compiler *c, stmt_ty s)
-{
-    location loc = LOC(s);
-    if (IS_TOP_LEVEL_AWAIT(c)){
-        c->u->u_ste->ste_coroutine = 1;
-    } else if (c->u->u_scope_type != COMPILER_SCOPE_ASYNC_FUNCTION) {
-        return compiler_error(c, loc, "'async for' outside async function");
-    }
-
-    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, start);
-    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, except);
-    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, end);
-
-    VISIT(c, expr, s->v.AsyncFor.iter);
-    ADDOP(c, loc, GET_AITER);
-
-    USE_LABEL(c, start);
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_push_fblock(c, loc, FOR_LOOP, start, end, NULL));
-
-    /* SETUP_FINALLY to guard the __anext__ call */
-    ADDOP_JUMP(c, loc, SETUP_FINALLY, except);
-    ADDOP(c, loc, GET_ANEXT);
-    ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, loc, Py_None);
-    ADD_YIELD_FROM(c, loc, 1);
-    ADDOP(c, loc, POP_BLOCK);  /* for SETUP_FINALLY */
-
-    /* Success block for __anext__ */
-    VISIT(c, expr, s->v.AsyncFor.target);
-    VISIT_SEQ(c, stmt, s->v.AsyncFor.body);
-    /* Mark jump as artificial */
-    ADDOP_JUMP(c, NO_LOCATION, JUMP, start);
-
-    compiler_pop_fblock(c, FOR_LOOP, start);
-
-    /* Except block for __anext__ */
-    USE_LABEL(c, except);
-
-    /* Use same line number as the iterator,
-     * as the END_ASYNC_FOR succeeds the `for`, not the body. */
-    loc = LOC(s->v.AsyncFor.iter);
-    ADDOP(c, loc, END_ASYNC_FOR);
-
-    /* `else` block */
-    VISIT_SEQ(c, stmt, s->v.For.orelse);
-
-    USE_LABEL(c, end);
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static int
-compiler_while(struct compiler *c, stmt_ty s)
-{
-    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, loop);
-    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, body);
-    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, end);
-    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, anchor);
-
-    USE_LABEL(c, loop);
-
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_push_fblock(c, LOC(s), WHILE_LOOP, loop, end, NULL));
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_jump_if(c, LOC(s), s->v.While.test, anchor, 0));
-
-    USE_LABEL(c, body);
-    VISIT_SEQ(c, stmt, s->v.While.body);
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_jump_if(c, LOC(s), s->v.While.test, body, 1));
-
-    compiler_pop_fblock(c, WHILE_LOOP, loop);
-
-    USE_LABEL(c, anchor);
-    if (s->v.While.orelse) {
-        VISIT_SEQ(c, stmt, s->v.While.orelse);
-    }
-
-    USE_LABEL(c, end);
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static int
-compiler_return(struct compiler *c, stmt_ty s)
-{
-    location loc = LOC(s);
-    int preserve_tos = ((s->v.Return.value != NULL) &&
-                        (s->v.Return.value->kind != Constant_kind));
-    if (!_PyST_IsFunctionLike(c->u->u_ste)) {
-        return compiler_error(c, loc, "'return' outside function");
-    }
-    if (s->v.Return.value != NULL &&
-        c->u->u_ste->ste_coroutine && c->u->u_ste->ste_generator)
-    {
-        return compiler_error(c, loc, "'return' with value in async generator");
-    }
-
-    if (preserve_tos) {
-        VISIT(c, expr, s->v.Return.value);
-    } else {
-        /* Emit instruction with line number for return value */
-        if (s->v.Return.value != NULL) {
-            loc = LOC(s->v.Return.value);
-            ADDOP(c, loc, NOP);
-        }
-    }
-    if (s->v.Return.value == NULL || s->v.Return.value->lineno != s->lineno) {
-        loc = LOC(s);
-        ADDOP(c, loc, NOP);
-    }
-
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_unwind_fblock_stack(c, &loc, preserve_tos, NULL));
-    if (s->v.Return.value == NULL) {
-        ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, loc, Py_None);
-    }
-    else if (!preserve_tos) {
-        ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, loc, s->v.Return.value->v.Constant.value);
-    }
-    ADDOP(c, loc, RETURN_VALUE);
-
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static int
-compiler_break(struct compiler *c, location loc)
-{
-    struct fblockinfo *loop = NULL;
-    location origin_loc = loc;
-    /* Emit instruction with line number */
-    ADDOP(c, loc, NOP);
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_unwind_fblock_stack(c, &loc, 0, &loop));
-    if (loop == NULL) {
-        return compiler_error(c, origin_loc, "'break' outside loop");
-    }
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_unwind_fblock(c, &loc, loop, 0));
-    ADDOP_JUMP(c, loc, JUMP, loop->fb_exit);
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static int
-compiler_continue(struct compiler *c, location loc)
-{
-    struct fblockinfo *loop = NULL;
-    location origin_loc = loc;
-    /* Emit instruction with line number */
-    ADDOP(c, loc, NOP);
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_unwind_fblock_stack(c, &loc, 0, &loop));
-    if (loop == NULL) {
-        return compiler_error(c, origin_loc, "'continue' not properly in loop");
-    }
-    ADDOP_JUMP(c, loc, JUMP, loop->fb_block);
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-
-/* Code generated for "try: <body> finally: <finalbody>" is as follows:
-
-        SETUP_FINALLY           L
-        <code for body>
-        POP_BLOCK
-        <code for finalbody>
-        JUMP E
-    L:
-        <code for finalbody>
-    E:
-
-   The special instructions use the block stack.  Each block
-   stack entry contains the instruction that created it (here
-   SETUP_FINALLY), the level of the value stack at the time the
-   block stack entry was created, and a label (here L).
-
-   SETUP_FINALLY:
-    Pushes the current value stack level and the label
-    onto the block stack.
-   POP_BLOCK:
-    Pops en entry from the block stack.
-
-   The block stack is unwound when an exception is raised:
-   when a SETUP_FINALLY entry is found, the raised and the caught
-   exceptions are pushed onto the value stack (and the exception
-   condition is cleared), and the interpreter jumps to the label
-   gotten from the block stack.
-*/
-
-static int
-compiler_try_finally(struct compiler *c, stmt_ty s)
-{
-    location loc = LOC(s);
-
-    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, body);
-    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, end);
-    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, exit);
-    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, cleanup);
-
-    /* `try` block */
-    ADDOP_JUMP(c, loc, SETUP_FINALLY, end);
-
-    USE_LABEL(c, body);
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(
-        compiler_push_fblock(c, loc, FINALLY_TRY, body, end,
-                             s->v.Try.finalbody));
-
-    if (s->v.Try.handlers && asdl_seq_LEN(s->v.Try.handlers)) {
-        RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_try_except(c, s));
-    }
-    else {
-        VISIT_SEQ(c, stmt, s->v.Try.body);
-    }
-    ADDOP(c, NO_LOCATION, POP_BLOCK);
-    compiler_pop_fblock(c, FINALLY_TRY, body);
-    VISIT_SEQ(c, stmt, s->v.Try.finalbody);
-
-    ADDOP_JUMP(c, NO_LOCATION, JUMP_NO_INTERRUPT, exit);
-    /* `finally` block */
-
-    USE_LABEL(c, end);
-
-    loc = NO_LOCATION;
-    ADDOP_JUMP(c, loc, SETUP_CLEANUP, cleanup);
-    ADDOP(c, loc, PUSH_EXC_INFO);
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(
-        compiler_push_fblock(c, loc, FINALLY_END, end, NO_LABEL, NULL));
-    VISIT_SEQ(c, stmt, s->v.Try.finalbody);
-    compiler_pop_fblock(c, FINALLY_END, end);
-
-    loc = NO_LOCATION;
-    ADDOP_I(c, loc, RERAISE, 0);
-
-    USE_LABEL(c, cleanup);
-    POP_EXCEPT_AND_RERAISE(c, loc);
-
-    USE_LABEL(c, exit);
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static int
-compiler_try_star_finally(struct compiler *c, stmt_ty s)
-{
-    location loc = LOC(s);
-
-    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, body);
-    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, end);
-    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, exit);
-    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, cleanup);
-    /* `try` block */
-    ADDOP_JUMP(c, loc, SETUP_FINALLY, end);
-
-    USE_LABEL(c, body);
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(
-        compiler_push_fblock(c, loc, FINALLY_TRY, body, end,
-                             s->v.TryStar.finalbody));
-
-    if (s->v.TryStar.handlers && asdl_seq_LEN(s->v.TryStar.handlers)) {
-        RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_try_star_except(c, s));
-    }
-    else {
-        VISIT_SEQ(c, stmt, s->v.TryStar.body);
-    }
-    ADDOP(c, NO_LOCATION, POP_BLOCK);
-    compiler_pop_fblock(c, FINALLY_TRY, body);
-    VISIT_SEQ(c, stmt, s->v.TryStar.finalbody);
-
-    ADDOP_JUMP(c, NO_LOCATION, JUMP_NO_INTERRUPT, exit);
-
-    /* `finally` block */
-    USE_LABEL(c, end);
-
-    loc = NO_LOCATION;
-    ADDOP_JUMP(c, loc, SETUP_CLEANUP, cleanup);
-    ADDOP(c, loc, PUSH_EXC_INFO);
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(
-        compiler_push_fblock(c, loc, FINALLY_END, end, NO_LABEL, NULL));
-
-    VISIT_SEQ(c, stmt, s->v.TryStar.finalbody);
-
-    compiler_pop_fblock(c, FINALLY_END, end);
-    loc = NO_LOCATION;
-    ADDOP_I(c, loc, RERAISE, 0);
-
-    USE_LABEL(c, cleanup);
-    POP_EXCEPT_AND_RERAISE(c, loc);
-
-    USE_LABEL(c, exit);
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-
-/*
-   Code generated for "try: S except E1 as V1: S1 except E2 as V2: S2 ...":
-   (The contents of the value stack is shown in [], with the top
-   at the right; 'tb' is trace-back info, 'val' the exception's
-   associated value, and 'exc' the exception.)
-
-   Value stack          Label   Instruction     Argument
-   []                           SETUP_FINALLY   L1
-   []                           <code for S>
-   []                           POP_BLOCK
-   []                           JUMP            L0
-
-   [exc]                L1:     <evaluate E1>           )
-   [exc, E1]                    CHECK_EXC_MATCH         )
-   [exc, bool]                  POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE L2    ) only if E1
-   [exc]                        <assign to V1>  (or POP if no V1)
-   []                           <code for S1>
-                                JUMP            L0
-
-   [exc]                L2:     <evaluate E2>
-   .............................etc.......................
-
-   [exc]                Ln+1:   RERAISE     # re-raise exception
-
-   []                   L0:     <next statement>
-
-   Of course, parts are not generated if Vi or Ei is not present.
-*/
-static int
-compiler_try_except(struct compiler *c, stmt_ty s)
-{
-    location loc = LOC(s);
-    Py_ssize_t i, n;
-
-    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, body);
-    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, except);
-    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, end);
-    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, cleanup);
-
-    ADDOP_JUMP(c, loc, SETUP_FINALLY, except);
-
-    USE_LABEL(c, body);
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(
-        compiler_push_fblock(c, loc, TRY_EXCEPT, body, NO_LABEL, NULL));
-    VISIT_SEQ(c, stmt, s->v.Try.body);
-    compiler_pop_fblock(c, TRY_EXCEPT, body);
-    ADDOP(c, NO_LOCATION, POP_BLOCK);
-    if (s->v.Try.orelse && asdl_seq_LEN(s->v.Try.orelse)) {
-        VISIT_SEQ(c, stmt, s->v.Try.orelse);
-    }
-    ADDOP_JUMP(c, NO_LOCATION, JUMP_NO_INTERRUPT, end);
-    n = asdl_seq_LEN(s->v.Try.handlers);
-
-    USE_LABEL(c, except);
-
-    ADDOP_JUMP(c, NO_LOCATION, SETUP_CLEANUP, cleanup);
-    ADDOP(c, NO_LOCATION, PUSH_EXC_INFO);
-
-    /* Runtime will push a block here, so we need to account for that */
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(
-        compiler_push_fblock(c, loc, EXCEPTION_HANDLER, NO_LABEL, NO_LABEL, NULL));
-
-    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        excepthandler_ty handler = (excepthandler_ty)asdl_seq_GET(
-            s->v.Try.handlers, i);
-        location loc = LOC(handler);
-        if (!handler->v.ExceptHandler.type && i < n-1) {
-            return compiler_error(c, loc, "default 'except:' must be last");
-        }
-        NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, next_except);
-        except = next_except;
-        if (handler->v.ExceptHandler.type) {
-            VISIT(c, expr, handler->v.ExceptHandler.type);
-            ADDOP(c, loc, CHECK_EXC_MATCH);
-            ADDOP_JUMP(c, loc, POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE, except);
-        }
-        if (handler->v.ExceptHandler.name) {
-            NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, cleanup_end);
-            NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, cleanup_body);
-
-            RETURN_IF_ERROR(
-                compiler_nameop(c, loc, handler->v.ExceptHandler.name, Store));
-
-            /*
-              try:
-                  # body
-              except type as name:
-                  try:
-                      # body
-                  finally:
-                      name = None # in case body contains "del name"
-                      del name
-            */
-
-            /* second try: */
-            ADDOP_JUMP(c, loc, SETUP_CLEANUP, cleanup_end);
-
-            USE_LABEL(c, cleanup_body);
-            RETURN_IF_ERROR(
-                compiler_push_fblock(c, loc, HANDLER_CLEANUP, cleanup_body,
-                                     NO_LABEL, handler->v.ExceptHandler.name));
-
-            /* second # body */
-            VISIT_SEQ(c, stmt, handler->v.ExceptHandler.body);
-            compiler_pop_fblock(c, HANDLER_CLEANUP, cleanup_body);
-            /* name = None; del name; # Mark as artificial */
-            ADDOP(c, NO_LOCATION, POP_BLOCK);
-            ADDOP(c, NO_LOCATION, POP_BLOCK);
-            ADDOP(c, NO_LOCATION, POP_EXCEPT);
-            ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, NO_LOCATION, Py_None);
-            RETURN_IF_ERROR(
-                compiler_nameop(c, NO_LOCATION, handler->v.ExceptHandler.name, Store));
-            RETURN_IF_ERROR(
-                compiler_nameop(c, NO_LOCATION, handler->v.ExceptHandler.name, Del));
-            ADDOP_JUMP(c, NO_LOCATION, JUMP_NO_INTERRUPT, end);
-
-            /* except: */
-            USE_LABEL(c, cleanup_end);
-
-            /* name = None; del name; # artificial */
-            ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, NO_LOCATION, Py_None);
-            RETURN_IF_ERROR(
-                compiler_nameop(c, NO_LOCATION, handler->v.ExceptHandler.name, Store));
-            RETURN_IF_ERROR(
-                compiler_nameop(c, NO_LOCATION, handler->v.ExceptHandler.name, Del));
-
-            ADDOP_I(c, NO_LOCATION, RERAISE, 1);
-        }
-        else {
-            NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, cleanup_body);
-
-            ADDOP(c, loc, POP_TOP); /* exc_value */
-
-            USE_LABEL(c, cleanup_body);
-            RETURN_IF_ERROR(
-                compiler_push_fblock(c, loc, HANDLER_CLEANUP, cleanup_body,
-                                     NO_LABEL, NULL));
-
-            VISIT_SEQ(c, stmt, handler->v.ExceptHandler.body);
-            compiler_pop_fblock(c, HANDLER_CLEANUP, cleanup_body);
-            ADDOP(c, NO_LOCATION, POP_BLOCK);
-            ADDOP(c, NO_LOCATION, POP_EXCEPT);
-            ADDOP_JUMP(c, NO_LOCATION, JUMP_NO_INTERRUPT, end);
-        }
-
-        USE_LABEL(c, except);
-    }
-    /* artificial */
-    compiler_pop_fblock(c, EXCEPTION_HANDLER, NO_LABEL);
-    ADDOP_I(c, NO_LOCATION, RERAISE, 0);
-
-    USE_LABEL(c, cleanup);
-    POP_EXCEPT_AND_RERAISE(c, NO_LOCATION);
-
-    USE_LABEL(c, end);
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-/*
-   Code generated for "try: S except* E1 as V1: S1 except* E2 as V2: S2 ...":
-   (The contents of the value stack is shown in [], with the top
-   at the right; 'tb' is trace-back info, 'val' the exception instance,
-   and 'typ' the exception's type.)
-
-   Value stack                   Label         Instruction     Argument
-   []                                         SETUP_FINALLY         L1
-   []                                         <code for S>
-   []                                         POP_BLOCK
-   []                                         JUMP                  L0
-
-   [exc]                            L1:       BUILD_LIST   )  list for raised/reraised excs ("result")
-   [orig, res]                                COPY 2       )  make a copy of the original EG
-
-   [orig, res, exc]                           <evaluate E1>
-   [orig, res, exc, E1]                       CHECK_EG_MATCH
-   [orig, res, rest/exc, match?]              COPY 1
-   [orig, res, rest/exc, match?, match?]      POP_JUMP_IF_NONE      C1
-
-   [orig, res, rest, match]                   <assign to V1>  (or POP if no V1)
-
-   [orig, res, rest]                          SETUP_FINALLY         R1
-   [orig, res, rest]                          <code for S1>
-   [orig, res, rest]                          JUMP                  L2
-
-   [orig, res, rest, i, v]          R1:       LIST_APPEND   3 ) exc raised in except* body - add to res
-   [orig, res, rest, i]                       POP
-   [orig, res, rest]                          JUMP                  LE2
-
-   [orig, res, rest]                L2:       NOP  ) for lineno
-   [orig, res, rest]                          JUMP                  LE2
-
-   [orig, res, rest/exc, None]      C1:       POP
-
-   [orig, res, rest]               LE2:       <evaluate E2>
-   .............................etc.......................
-
-   [orig, res, rest]                Ln+1:     LIST_APPEND 1  ) add unhandled exc to res (could be None)
-
-   [orig, res]                                CALL_INTRINSIC_2 PREP_RERAISE_STAR
-   [exc]                                      COPY 1
-   [exc, exc]                                 POP_JUMP_IF_NOT_NONE  RER
-   [exc]                                      POP_TOP
-   []                                         JUMP                  L0
-
-   [exc]                            RER:      SWAP 2
-   [exc, prev_exc_info]                       POP_EXCEPT
-   [exc]                                      RERAISE               0
-
-   []                               L0:       <next statement>
-*/
-static int
-compiler_try_star_except(struct compiler *c, stmt_ty s)
-{
-    location loc = LOC(s);
-
-    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, body);
-    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, except);
-    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, orelse);
-    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, end);
-    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, cleanup);
-    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, reraise_star);
-
-    ADDOP_JUMP(c, loc, SETUP_FINALLY, except);
-
-    USE_LABEL(c, body);
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(
-        compiler_push_fblock(c, loc, TRY_EXCEPT, body, NO_LABEL, NULL));
-    VISIT_SEQ(c, stmt, s->v.TryStar.body);
-    compiler_pop_fblock(c, TRY_EXCEPT, body);
-    ADDOP(c, NO_LOCATION, POP_BLOCK);
-    ADDOP_JUMP(c, NO_LOCATION, JUMP_NO_INTERRUPT, orelse);
-    Py_ssize_t n = asdl_seq_LEN(s->v.TryStar.handlers);
-
-    USE_LABEL(c, except);
-
-    ADDOP_JUMP(c, NO_LOCATION, SETUP_CLEANUP, cleanup);
-    ADDOP(c, NO_LOCATION, PUSH_EXC_INFO);
-
-    /* Runtime will push a block here, so we need to account for that */
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(
-        compiler_push_fblock(c, loc, EXCEPTION_GROUP_HANDLER,
-                             NO_LABEL, NO_LABEL, "except handler"));
-
-    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        excepthandler_ty handler = (excepthandler_ty)asdl_seq_GET(
-            s->v.TryStar.handlers, i);
-        location loc = LOC(handler);
-        NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, next_except);
-        except = next_except;
-        NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, except_with_error);
-        NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, no_match);
-        if (i == 0) {
-            /* create empty list for exceptions raised/reraise in the except* blocks */
-            /*
-               [orig]       BUILD_LIST
-            */
-            /* Create a copy of the original EG */
-            /*
-               [orig, []]   COPY 2
-               [orig, [], exc]
-            */
-            ADDOP_I(c, loc, BUILD_LIST, 0);
-            ADDOP_I(c, loc, COPY, 2);
-        }
-        if (handler->v.ExceptHandler.type) {
-            VISIT(c, expr, handler->v.ExceptHandler.type);
-            ADDOP(c, loc, CHECK_EG_MATCH);
-            ADDOP_I(c, loc, COPY, 1);
-            ADDOP_JUMP(c, loc, POP_JUMP_IF_NONE, no_match);
-        }
-
-        NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, cleanup_end);
-        NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, cleanup_body);
-
-        if (handler->v.ExceptHandler.name) {
-            RETURN_IF_ERROR(
-                compiler_nameop(c, loc, handler->v.ExceptHandler.name, Store));
-        }
-        else {
-            ADDOP(c, loc, POP_TOP);  // match
-        }
-
-        /*
-          try:
-              # body
-          except type as name:
-              try:
-                  # body
-              finally:
-                  name = None # in case body contains "del name"
-                  del name
-        */
-        /* second try: */
-        ADDOP_JUMP(c, loc, SETUP_CLEANUP, cleanup_end);
-
-        USE_LABEL(c, cleanup_body);
-        RETURN_IF_ERROR(
-            compiler_push_fblock(c, loc, HANDLER_CLEANUP, cleanup_body,
-                                 NO_LABEL, handler->v.ExceptHandler.name));
-
-        /* second # body */
-        VISIT_SEQ(c, stmt, handler->v.ExceptHandler.body);
-        compiler_pop_fblock(c, HANDLER_CLEANUP, cleanup_body);
-        /* name = None; del name; # artificial */
-        ADDOP(c, NO_LOCATION, POP_BLOCK);
-        if (handler->v.ExceptHandler.name) {
-            ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, NO_LOCATION, Py_None);
-            RETURN_IF_ERROR(
-                compiler_nameop(c, NO_LOCATION, handler->v.ExceptHandler.name, Store));
-            RETURN_IF_ERROR(
-                compiler_nameop(c, NO_LOCATION, handler->v.ExceptHandler.name, Del));
-        }
-        ADDOP_JUMP(c, NO_LOCATION, JUMP_NO_INTERRUPT, except);
-
-        /* except: */
-        USE_LABEL(c, cleanup_end);
-
-        /* name = None; del name; # artificial */
-        if (handler->v.ExceptHandler.name) {
-            ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, NO_LOCATION, Py_None);
-            RETURN_IF_ERROR(
-                compiler_nameop(c, NO_LOCATION, handler->v.ExceptHandler.name, Store));
-            RETURN_IF_ERROR(
-                compiler_nameop(c, NO_LOCATION, handler->v.ExceptHandler.name, Del));
-        }
-
-        /* add exception raised to the res list */
-        ADDOP_I(c, NO_LOCATION, LIST_APPEND, 3); // exc
-        ADDOP(c, NO_LOCATION, POP_TOP); // lasti
-        ADDOP_JUMP(c, NO_LOCATION, JUMP_NO_INTERRUPT, except_with_error);
-
-        USE_LABEL(c, except);
-        ADDOP(c, NO_LOCATION, NOP);  // to hold a propagated location info
-        ADDOP_JUMP(c, NO_LOCATION, JUMP_NO_INTERRUPT, except_with_error);
-
-        USE_LABEL(c, no_match);
-        ADDOP(c, loc, POP_TOP);  // match (None)
-
-        USE_LABEL(c, except_with_error);
-
-        if (i == n - 1) {
-            /* Add exc to the list (if not None it's the unhandled part of the EG) */
-            ADDOP_I(c, NO_LOCATION, LIST_APPEND, 1);
-            ADDOP_JUMP(c, NO_LOCATION, JUMP_NO_INTERRUPT, reraise_star);
-        }
-    }
-    /* artificial */
-    compiler_pop_fblock(c, EXCEPTION_GROUP_HANDLER, NO_LABEL);
-    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, reraise);
-
-    USE_LABEL(c, reraise_star);
-    ADDOP_I(c, NO_LOCATION, CALL_INTRINSIC_2, INTRINSIC_PREP_RERAISE_STAR);
-    ADDOP_I(c, NO_LOCATION, COPY, 1);
-    ADDOP_JUMP(c, NO_LOCATION, POP_JUMP_IF_NOT_NONE, reraise);
-
-    /* Nothing to reraise */
-    ADDOP(c, NO_LOCATION, POP_TOP);
-    ADDOP(c, NO_LOCATION, POP_BLOCK);
-    ADDOP(c, NO_LOCATION, POP_EXCEPT);
-    ADDOP_JUMP(c, NO_LOCATION, JUMP_NO_INTERRUPT, end);
-
-    USE_LABEL(c, reraise);
-    ADDOP(c, NO_LOCATION, POP_BLOCK);
-    ADDOP_I(c, NO_LOCATION, SWAP, 2);
-    ADDOP(c, NO_LOCATION, POP_EXCEPT);
-    ADDOP_I(c, NO_LOCATION, RERAISE, 0);
-
-    USE_LABEL(c, cleanup);
-    POP_EXCEPT_AND_RERAISE(c, NO_LOCATION);
-
-    USE_LABEL(c, orelse);
-    VISIT_SEQ(c, stmt, s->v.TryStar.orelse);
-
-    USE_LABEL(c, end);
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static int
-compiler_try(struct compiler *c, stmt_ty s) {
-    if (s->v.Try.finalbody && asdl_seq_LEN(s->v.Try.finalbody))
-        return compiler_try_finally(c, s);
-    else
-        return compiler_try_except(c, s);
-}
-
-static int
-compiler_try_star(struct compiler *c, stmt_ty s)
-{
-    if (s->v.TryStar.finalbody && asdl_seq_LEN(s->v.TryStar.finalbody)) {
-        return compiler_try_star_finally(c, s);
-    }
-    else {
-        return compiler_try_star_except(c, s);
-    }
-}
-
-static int
-compiler_import_as(struct compiler *c, location loc,
-                   identifier name, identifier asname)
-{
-    /* The IMPORT_NAME opcode was already generated.  This function
-       merely needs to bind the result to a name.
-
-       If there is a dot in name, we need to split it and emit a
-       IMPORT_FROM for each name.
-    */
-    Py_ssize_t len = PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(name);
-    Py_ssize_t dot = PyUnicode_FindChar(name, '.', 0, len, 1);
-    if (dot == -2) {
-        return ERROR;
-    }
-    if (dot != -1) {
-        /* Consume the base module name to get the first attribute */
-        while (1) {
-            Py_ssize_t pos = dot + 1;
-            PyObject *attr;
-            dot = PyUnicode_FindChar(name, '.', pos, len, 1);
-            if (dot == -2) {
-                return ERROR;
-            }
-            attr = PyUnicode_Substring(name, pos, (dot != -1) ? dot : len);
-            if (!attr) {
-                return ERROR;
-            }
-            ADDOP_N(c, loc, IMPORT_FROM, attr, names);
-            if (dot == -1) {
-                break;
-            }
-            ADDOP_I(c, loc, SWAP, 2);
-            ADDOP(c, loc, POP_TOP);
-        }
-        RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_nameop(c, loc, asname, Store));
-        ADDOP(c, loc, POP_TOP);
-        return SUCCESS;
-    }
-    return compiler_nameop(c, loc, asname, Store);
-}
-
-static int
-compiler_import(struct compiler *c, stmt_ty s)
-{
-    location loc = LOC(s);
-    /* The Import node stores a module name like a.b.c as a single
-       string.  This is convenient for all cases except
-         import a.b.c as d
-       where we need to parse that string to extract the individual
-       module names.
-       XXX Perhaps change the representation to make this case simpler?
-     */
-    Py_ssize_t i, n = asdl_seq_LEN(s->v.Import.names);
-
-    PyObject *zero = _PyLong_GetZero();  // borrowed reference
-    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        alias_ty alias = (alias_ty)asdl_seq_GET(s->v.Import.names, i);
-        int r;
-
-        ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, loc, zero);
-        ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, loc, Py_None);
-        ADDOP_NAME(c, loc, IMPORT_NAME, alias->name, names);
-
-        if (alias->asname) {
-            r = compiler_import_as(c, loc, alias->name, alias->asname);
-            RETURN_IF_ERROR(r);
-        }
-        else {
-            identifier tmp = alias->name;
-            Py_ssize_t dot = PyUnicode_FindChar(
-                alias->name, '.', 0, PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(alias->name), 1);
-            if (dot != -1) {
-                tmp = PyUnicode_Substring(alias->name, 0, dot);
-                if (tmp == NULL) {
-                    return ERROR;
-                }
-            }
-            r = compiler_nameop(c, loc, tmp, Store);
-            if (dot != -1) {
-                Py_DECREF(tmp);
-            }
-            RETURN_IF_ERROR(r);
-        }
-    }
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static int
-compiler_from_import(struct compiler *c, stmt_ty s)
-{
-    Py_ssize_t n = asdl_seq_LEN(s->v.ImportFrom.names);
-
-    ADDOP_LOAD_CONST_NEW(c, LOC(s), PyLong_FromLong(s->v.ImportFrom.level));
-
-    PyObject *names = PyTuple_New(n);
-    if (!names) {
-        return ERROR;
-    }
-
-    /* build up the names */
-    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        alias_ty alias = (alias_ty)asdl_seq_GET(s->v.ImportFrom.names, i);
-        PyTuple_SET_ITEM(names, i, Py_NewRef(alias->name));
-    }
-
-    if (location_is_after(LOC(s), c->c_future.ff_location) &&
-        s->v.ImportFrom.module && s->v.ImportFrom.level == 0 &&
-        _PyUnicode_EqualToASCIIString(s->v.ImportFrom.module, "__future__"))
-    {
-        Py_DECREF(names);
-        return compiler_error(c, LOC(s), "from __future__ imports must occur "
-                              "at the beginning of the file");
-    }
-    ADDOP_LOAD_CONST_NEW(c, LOC(s), names);
-
-    if (s->v.ImportFrom.module) {
-        ADDOP_NAME(c, LOC(s), IMPORT_NAME, s->v.ImportFrom.module, names);
-    }
-    else {
-        _Py_DECLARE_STR(empty, "");
-        ADDOP_NAME(c, LOC(s), IMPORT_NAME, &_Py_STR(empty), names);
-    }
-    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        alias_ty alias = (alias_ty)asdl_seq_GET(s->v.ImportFrom.names, i);
-        identifier store_name;
-
-        if (i == 0 && PyUnicode_READ_CHAR(alias->name, 0) == '*') {
-            assert(n == 1);
-            ADDOP_I(c, LOC(s), CALL_INTRINSIC_1, INTRINSIC_IMPORT_STAR);
-            ADDOP(c, NO_LOCATION, POP_TOP);
-            return SUCCESS;
-        }
-
-        ADDOP_NAME(c, LOC(s), IMPORT_FROM, alias->name, names);
-        store_name = alias->name;
-        if (alias->asname) {
-            store_name = alias->asname;
-        }
-
-        RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_nameop(c, LOC(s), store_name, Store));
-    }
-    /* remove imported module */
-    ADDOP(c, LOC(s), POP_TOP);
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static int
-compiler_assert(struct compiler *c, stmt_ty s)
-{
-    /* Always emit a warning if the test is a non-zero length tuple */
-    if ((s->v.Assert.test->kind == Tuple_kind &&
-        asdl_seq_LEN(s->v.Assert.test->v.Tuple.elts) > 0) ||
-        (s->v.Assert.test->kind == Constant_kind &&
-         PyTuple_Check(s->v.Assert.test->v.Constant.value) &&
-         PyTuple_Size(s->v.Assert.test->v.Constant.value) > 0))
-    {
-        RETURN_IF_ERROR(
-            compiler_warn(c, LOC(s), "assertion is always true, "
-                                     "perhaps remove parentheses?"));
-    }
-    if (c->c_optimize) {
-        return SUCCESS;
-    }
-    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, end);
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_jump_if(c, LOC(s), s->v.Assert.test, end, 1));
-    ADDOP_I(c, LOC(s), LOAD_COMMON_CONSTANT, CONSTANT_ASSERTIONERROR);
-    if (s->v.Assert.msg) {
-        VISIT(c, expr, s->v.Assert.msg);
-        ADDOP_I(c, LOC(s), CALL, 0);
-    }
-    ADDOP_I(c, LOC(s->v.Assert.test), RAISE_VARARGS, 1);
-
-    USE_LABEL(c, end);
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static int
-compiler_stmt_expr(struct compiler *c, location loc, expr_ty value)
-{
-    if (c->c_interactive && c->c_nestlevel <= 1) {
-        VISIT(c, expr, value);
-        ADDOP_I(c, loc, CALL_INTRINSIC_1, INTRINSIC_PRINT);
-        ADDOP(c, NO_LOCATION, POP_TOP);
-        return SUCCESS;
-    }
-
-    if (value->kind == Constant_kind) {
-        /* ignore constant statement */
-        ADDOP(c, loc, NOP);
-        return SUCCESS;
-    }
-
-    VISIT(c, expr, value);
-    ADDOP(c, NO_LOCATION, POP_TOP); /* artificial */
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static int
-compiler_visit_stmt(struct compiler *c, stmt_ty s)
-{
-
-    switch (s->kind) {
-    case FunctionDef_kind:
-        return compiler_function(c, s, 0);
-    case ClassDef_kind:
-        return compiler_class(c, s);
-    case TypeAlias_kind:
-        return compiler_typealias(c, s);
-    case Return_kind:
-        return compiler_return(c, s);
-    case Delete_kind:
-        VISIT_SEQ(c, expr, s->v.Delete.targets)
-        break;
-    case Assign_kind:
-    {
-        Py_ssize_t n = asdl_seq_LEN(s->v.Assign.targets);
-        VISIT(c, expr, s->v.Assign.value);
-        for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-            if (i < n - 1) {
-                ADDOP_I(c, LOC(s), COPY, 1);
-            }
-            VISIT(c, expr,
-                  (expr_ty)asdl_seq_GET(s->v.Assign.targets, i));
-        }
-        break;
-    }
-    case AugAssign_kind:
-        return compiler_augassign(c, s);
-    case AnnAssign_kind:
-        return compiler_annassign(c, s);
-    case For_kind:
-        return compiler_for(c, s);
-    case While_kind:
-        return compiler_while(c, s);
-    case If_kind:
-        return compiler_if(c, s);
-    case Match_kind:
-        return compiler_match(c, s);
-    case Raise_kind:
-    {
-        Py_ssize_t n = 0;
-        if (s->v.Raise.exc) {
-            VISIT(c, expr, s->v.Raise.exc);
-            n++;
-            if (s->v.Raise.cause) {
-                VISIT(c, expr, s->v.Raise.cause);
-                n++;
-            }
-        }
-        ADDOP_I(c, LOC(s), RAISE_VARARGS, (int)n);
-        break;
-    }
-    case Try_kind:
-        return compiler_try(c, s);
-    case TryStar_kind:
-        return compiler_try_star(c, s);
-    case Assert_kind:
-        return compiler_assert(c, s);
-    case Import_kind:
-        return compiler_import(c, s);
-    case ImportFrom_kind:
-        return compiler_from_import(c, s);
-    case Global_kind:
-    case Nonlocal_kind:
-        break;
-    case Expr_kind:
-    {
-        return compiler_stmt_expr(c, LOC(s), s->v.Expr.value);
-    }
-    case Pass_kind:
-    {
-        ADDOP(c, LOC(s), NOP);
-        break;
-    }
-    case Break_kind:
-    {
-        return compiler_break(c, LOC(s));
-    }
-    case Continue_kind:
-    {
-        return compiler_continue(c, LOC(s));
-    }
-    case With_kind:
-        return compiler_with(c, s, 0);
-    case AsyncFunctionDef_kind:
-        return compiler_function(c, s, 1);
-    case AsyncWith_kind:
-        return compiler_async_with(c, s, 0);
-    case AsyncFor_kind:
-        return compiler_async_for(c, s);
-    }
-
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static int
-unaryop(unaryop_ty op)
-{
-    switch (op) {
-    case Invert:
-        return UNARY_INVERT;
-    case USub:
-        return UNARY_NEGATIVE;
-    default:
-        PyErr_Format(PyExc_SystemError,
-            "unary op %d should not be possible", op);
-        return 0;
-    }
-}
-
-static int
-addop_binary(struct compiler *c, location loc, operator_ty binop,
-             bool inplace)
-{
-    int oparg;
-    switch (binop) {
-        case Add:
-            oparg = inplace ? NB_INPLACE_ADD : NB_ADD;
-            break;
-        case Sub:
-            oparg = inplace ? NB_INPLACE_SUBTRACT : NB_SUBTRACT;
-            break;
-        case Mult:
-            oparg = inplace ? NB_INPLACE_MULTIPLY : NB_MULTIPLY;
-            break;
-        case MatMult:
-            oparg = inplace ? NB_INPLACE_MATRIX_MULTIPLY : NB_MATRIX_MULTIPLY;
-            break;
-        case Div:
-            oparg = inplace ? NB_INPLACE_TRUE_DIVIDE : NB_TRUE_DIVIDE;
-            break;
-        case Mod:
-            oparg = inplace ? NB_INPLACE_REMAINDER : NB_REMAINDER;
-            break;
-        case Pow:
-            oparg = inplace ? NB_INPLACE_POWER : NB_POWER;
-            break;
-        case LShift:
-            oparg = inplace ? NB_INPLACE_LSHIFT : NB_LSHIFT;
-            break;
-        case RShift:
-            oparg = inplace ? NB_INPLACE_RSHIFT : NB_RSHIFT;
-            break;
-        case BitOr:
-            oparg = inplace ? NB_INPLACE_OR : NB_OR;
-            break;
-        case BitXor:
-            oparg = inplace ? NB_INPLACE_XOR : NB_XOR;
-            break;
-        case BitAnd:
-            oparg = inplace ? NB_INPLACE_AND : NB_AND;
-            break;
-        case FloorDiv:
-            oparg = inplace ? NB_INPLACE_FLOOR_DIVIDE : NB_FLOOR_DIVIDE;
-            break;
-        default:
-            PyErr_Format(PyExc_SystemError, "%s op %d should not be possible",
-                         inplace ? "inplace" : "binary", binop);
-            return ERROR;
-    }
-    ADDOP_I(c, loc, BINARY_OP, oparg);
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-
-static int
-addop_yield(struct compiler *c, location loc) {
-    if (c->u->u_ste->ste_generator && c->u->u_ste->ste_coroutine) {
-        ADDOP_I(c, loc, CALL_INTRINSIC_1, INTRINSIC_ASYNC_GEN_WRAP);
-    }
-    ADDOP_I(c, loc, YIELD_VALUE, 0);
-    ADDOP_I(c, loc, RESUME, RESUME_AFTER_YIELD);
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static int
-compiler_nameop(struct compiler *c, location loc,
-                identifier name, expr_context_ty ctx)
-{
-    int op, scope;
-    Py_ssize_t arg;
-    enum { OP_FAST, OP_GLOBAL, OP_DEREF, OP_NAME } optype;
-
-    PyObject *dict = c->u->u_metadata.u_names;
-    PyObject *mangled;
-
-    assert(!_PyUnicode_EqualToASCIIString(name, "None") &&
-           !_PyUnicode_EqualToASCIIString(name, "True") &&
-           !_PyUnicode_EqualToASCIIString(name, "False"));
-
-    if (forbidden_name(c, loc, name, ctx)) {
-        return ERROR;
-    }
-
-    mangled = _Py_MaybeMangle(c->u->u_private, c->u->u_ste, name);
-    if (!mangled) {
-        return ERROR;
-    }
-
-    op = 0;
-    optype = OP_NAME;
-    scope = _PyST_GetScope(c->u->u_ste, mangled);
-    switch (scope) {
-    case FREE:
-        dict = c->u->u_metadata.u_freevars;
-        optype = OP_DEREF;
-        break;
-    case CELL:
-        dict = c->u->u_metadata.u_cellvars;
-        optype = OP_DEREF;
-        break;
-    case LOCAL:
-        if (_PyST_IsFunctionLike(c->u->u_ste)) {
-            optype = OP_FAST;
-        }
-        else {
-            PyObject *item;
-            if (PyDict_GetItemRef(c->u->u_metadata.u_fasthidden, mangled,
-                                  &item) < 0) {
-                goto error;
-            }
-            if (item == Py_True) {
-                optype = OP_FAST;
-            }
-            Py_XDECREF(item);
-        }
-        break;
-    case GLOBAL_IMPLICIT:
-        if (_PyST_IsFunctionLike(c->u->u_ste))
-            optype = OP_GLOBAL;
-        break;
-    case GLOBAL_EXPLICIT:
-        optype = OP_GLOBAL;
-        break;
-    default:
-        /* scope can be 0 */
-        break;
-    }
-
-    /* XXX Leave assert here, but handle __doc__ and the like better */
-    assert(scope || PyUnicode_READ_CHAR(name, 0) == '_');
-
-    switch (optype) {
-    case OP_DEREF:
-        switch (ctx) {
-        case Load:
-            if (c->u->u_ste->ste_type == ClassBlock && !c->u->u_in_inlined_comp) {
-                op = LOAD_FROM_DICT_OR_DEREF;
-                // First load the locals
-                if (codegen_addop_noarg(INSTR_SEQUENCE(c), LOAD_LOCALS, loc) < 0) {
-                    goto error;
-                }
-            }
-            else if (c->u->u_ste->ste_can_see_class_scope) {
-                op = LOAD_FROM_DICT_OR_DEREF;
-                // First load the classdict
-                if (compiler_addop_o(c->u, loc, LOAD_DEREF,
-                                     c->u->u_metadata.u_freevars, &_Py_ID(__classdict__)) < 0) {
-                    goto error;
-                }
-            }
-            else {
-                op = LOAD_DEREF;
-            }
-            break;
-        case Store: op = STORE_DEREF; break;
-        case Del: op = DELETE_DEREF; break;
-        }
-        break;
-    case OP_FAST:
-        switch (ctx) {
-        case Load: op = LOAD_FAST; break;
-        case Store: op = STORE_FAST; break;
-        case Del: op = DELETE_FAST; break;
-        }
-        ADDOP_N(c, loc, op, mangled, varnames);
-        return SUCCESS;
-    case OP_GLOBAL:
-        switch (ctx) {
-        case Load:
-            if (c->u->u_ste->ste_can_see_class_scope && scope == GLOBAL_IMPLICIT) {
-                op = LOAD_FROM_DICT_OR_GLOBALS;
-                // First load the classdict
-                if (compiler_addop_o(c->u, loc, LOAD_DEREF,
-                                     c->u->u_metadata.u_freevars, &_Py_ID(__classdict__)) < 0) {
-                    goto error;
-                }
-            } else {
-                op = LOAD_GLOBAL;
-            }
-            break;
-        case Store: op = STORE_GLOBAL; break;
-        case Del: op = DELETE_GLOBAL; break;
-        }
-        break;
-    case OP_NAME:
-        switch (ctx) {
-        case Load:
-            op = (c->u->u_ste->ste_type == ClassBlock
-                    && c->u->u_in_inlined_comp)
-                ? LOAD_GLOBAL
-                : LOAD_NAME;
-            break;
-        case Store: op = STORE_NAME; break;
-        case Del: op = DELETE_NAME; break;
-        }
-        break;
-    }
-
-    assert(op);
-    arg = dict_add_o(dict, mangled);
-    Py_DECREF(mangled);
-    if (arg < 0) {
-        return ERROR;
-    }
-    if (op == LOAD_GLOBAL) {
-        arg <<= 1;
-    }
-    return codegen_addop_i(INSTR_SEQUENCE(c), op, arg, loc);
-
-error:
-    Py_DECREF(mangled);
-    return ERROR;
-}
-
-static int
-compiler_boolop(struct compiler *c, expr_ty e)
-{
-    int jumpi;
-    Py_ssize_t i, n;
-    asdl_expr_seq *s;
-
-    location loc = LOC(e);
-    assert(e->kind == BoolOp_kind);
-    if (e->v.BoolOp.op == And)
-        jumpi = POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE;
-    else
-        jumpi = POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE;
-    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, end);
-    s = e->v.BoolOp.values;
-    n = asdl_seq_LEN(s) - 1;
-    assert(n >= 0);
-    for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-        VISIT(c, expr, (expr_ty)asdl_seq_GET(s, i));
-        ADDOP_I(c, loc, COPY, 1);
-        ADDOP(c, loc, TO_BOOL);
-        ADDOP_JUMP(c, loc, jumpi, end);
-        ADDOP(c, loc, POP_TOP);
-    }
-    VISIT(c, expr, (expr_ty)asdl_seq_GET(s, n));
-
-    USE_LABEL(c, end);
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static int
-starunpack_helper(struct compiler *c, location loc,
-                  asdl_expr_seq *elts, int pushed,
-                  int build, int add, int extend, int tuple)
-{
-    Py_ssize_t n = asdl_seq_LEN(elts);
-    if (n > 2 && are_all_items_const(elts, 0, n)) {
-        PyObject *folded = PyTuple_New(n);
-        if (folded == NULL) {
-            return ERROR;
-        }
-        PyObject *val;
-        for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-            val = ((expr_ty)asdl_seq_GET(elts, i))->v.Constant.value;
-            PyTuple_SET_ITEM(folded, i, Py_NewRef(val));
-        }
-        if (tuple && !pushed) {
-            ADDOP_LOAD_CONST_NEW(c, loc, folded);
-        } else {
-            if (add == SET_ADD) {
-                Py_SETREF(folded, PyFrozenSet_New(folded));
-                if (folded == NULL) {
-                    return ERROR;
-                }
-            }
-            ADDOP_I(c, loc, build, pushed);
-            ADDOP_LOAD_CONST_NEW(c, loc, folded);
-            ADDOP_I(c, loc, extend, 1);
-            if (tuple) {
-                ADDOP_I(c, loc, CALL_INTRINSIC_1, INTRINSIC_LIST_TO_TUPLE);
-            }
-        }
-        return SUCCESS;
-    }
-
-    int big = n+pushed > STACK_USE_GUIDELINE;
-    int seen_star = 0;
-    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        expr_ty elt = asdl_seq_GET(elts, i);
-        if (elt->kind == Starred_kind) {
-            seen_star = 1;
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-    if (!seen_star && !big) {
-        for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-            expr_ty elt = asdl_seq_GET(elts, i);
-            VISIT(c, expr, elt);
-        }
-        if (tuple) {
-            ADDOP_I(c, loc, BUILD_TUPLE, n+pushed);
-        } else {
-            ADDOP_I(c, loc, build, n+pushed);
-        }
-        return SUCCESS;
-    }
-    int sequence_built = 0;
-    if (big) {
-        ADDOP_I(c, loc, build, pushed);
-        sequence_built = 1;
-    }
-    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        expr_ty elt = asdl_seq_GET(elts, i);
-        if (elt->kind == Starred_kind) {
-            if (sequence_built == 0) {
-                ADDOP_I(c, loc, build, i+pushed);
-                sequence_built = 1;
-            }
-            VISIT(c, expr, elt->v.Starred.value);
-            ADDOP_I(c, loc, extend, 1);
-        }
-        else {
-            VISIT(c, expr, elt);
-            if (sequence_built) {
-                ADDOP_I(c, loc, add, 1);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    assert(sequence_built);
-    if (tuple) {
-        ADDOP_I(c, loc, CALL_INTRINSIC_1, INTRINSIC_LIST_TO_TUPLE);
-    }
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static int
-unpack_helper(struct compiler *c, location loc, asdl_expr_seq *elts)
-{
-    Py_ssize_t n = asdl_seq_LEN(elts);
-    int seen_star = 0;
-    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        expr_ty elt = asdl_seq_GET(elts, i);
-        if (elt->kind == Starred_kind && !seen_star) {
-            if ((i >= (1 << 8)) ||
-                (n-i-1 >= (INT_MAX >> 8))) {
-                return compiler_error(c, loc,
-                    "too many expressions in "
-                    "star-unpacking assignment");
-            }
-            ADDOP_I(c, loc, UNPACK_EX, (i + ((n-i-1) << 8)));
-            seen_star = 1;
-        }
-        else if (elt->kind == Starred_kind) {
-            return compiler_error(c, loc,
-                "multiple starred expressions in assignment");
-        }
-    }
-    if (!seen_star) {
-        ADDOP_I(c, loc, UNPACK_SEQUENCE, n);
-    }
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static int
-assignment_helper(struct compiler *c, location loc, asdl_expr_seq *elts)
-{
-    Py_ssize_t n = asdl_seq_LEN(elts);
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(unpack_helper(c, loc, elts));
-    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        expr_ty elt = asdl_seq_GET(elts, i);
-        VISIT(c, expr, elt->kind != Starred_kind ? elt : elt->v.Starred.value);
-    }
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static int
-compiler_list(struct compiler *c, expr_ty e)
-{
-    location loc = LOC(e);
-    asdl_expr_seq *elts = e->v.List.elts;
-    if (e->v.List.ctx == Store) {
-        return assignment_helper(c, loc, elts);
-    }
-    else if (e->v.List.ctx == Load) {
-        return starunpack_helper(c, loc, elts, 0,
-                                 BUILD_LIST, LIST_APPEND, LIST_EXTEND, 0);
-    }
-    else {
-        VISIT_SEQ(c, expr, elts);
-    }
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static int
-compiler_tuple(struct compiler *c, expr_ty e)
-{
-    location loc = LOC(e);
-    asdl_expr_seq *elts = e->v.Tuple.elts;
-    if (e->v.Tuple.ctx == Store) {
-        return assignment_helper(c, loc, elts);
-    }
-    else if (e->v.Tuple.ctx == Load) {
-        return starunpack_helper(c, loc, elts, 0,
-                                 BUILD_LIST, LIST_APPEND, LIST_EXTEND, 1);
-    }
-    else {
-        VISIT_SEQ(c, expr, elts);
-    }
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static int
-compiler_set(struct compiler *c, expr_ty e)
-{
-    location loc = LOC(e);
-    return starunpack_helper(c, loc, e->v.Set.elts, 0,
-                             BUILD_SET, SET_ADD, SET_UPDATE, 0);
-}
-
-static bool
-are_all_items_const(asdl_expr_seq *seq, Py_ssize_t begin, Py_ssize_t end)
-{
-    for (Py_ssize_t i = begin; i < end; i++) {
-        expr_ty key = (expr_ty)asdl_seq_GET(seq, i);
-        if (key == NULL || key->kind != Constant_kind) {
-            return false;
-        }
-    }
-    return true;
-}
-
-static int
-compiler_subdict(struct compiler *c, expr_ty e, Py_ssize_t begin, Py_ssize_t end)
-{
-    Py_ssize_t i, n = end - begin;
-    PyObject *keys, *key;
-    int big = n*2 > STACK_USE_GUIDELINE;
-    location loc = LOC(e);
-    if (n > 1 && !big && are_all_items_const(e->v.Dict.keys, begin, end)) {
-        for (i = begin; i < end; i++) {
-            VISIT(c, expr, (expr_ty)asdl_seq_GET(e->v.Dict.values, i));
-        }
-        keys = PyTuple_New(n);
-        if (keys == NULL) {
-            return SUCCESS;
-        }
-        for (i = begin; i < end; i++) {
-            key = ((expr_ty)asdl_seq_GET(e->v.Dict.keys, i))->v.Constant.value;
-            PyTuple_SET_ITEM(keys, i - begin, Py_NewRef(key));
-        }
-        ADDOP_LOAD_CONST_NEW(c, loc, keys);
-        ADDOP_I(c, loc, BUILD_CONST_KEY_MAP, n);
-        return SUCCESS;
-    }
-    if (big) {
-        ADDOP_I(c, loc, BUILD_MAP, 0);
-    }
-    for (i = begin; i < end; i++) {
-        VISIT(c, expr, (expr_ty)asdl_seq_GET(e->v.Dict.keys, i));
-        VISIT(c, expr, (expr_ty)asdl_seq_GET(e->v.Dict.values, i));
-        if (big) {
-            ADDOP_I(c, loc, MAP_ADD, 1);
-        }
-    }
-    if (!big) {
-        ADDOP_I(c, loc, BUILD_MAP, n);
-    }
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static int
-compiler_dict(struct compiler *c, expr_ty e)
-{
-    location loc = LOC(e);
-    Py_ssize_t i, n, elements;
-    int have_dict;
-    int is_unpacking = 0;
-    n = asdl_seq_LEN(e->v.Dict.values);
-    have_dict = 0;
-    elements = 0;
-    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        is_unpacking = (expr_ty)asdl_seq_GET(e->v.Dict.keys, i) == NULL;
-        if (is_unpacking) {
-            if (elements) {
-                RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_subdict(c, e, i - elements, i));
-                if (have_dict) {
-                    ADDOP_I(c, loc, DICT_UPDATE, 1);
-                }
-                have_dict = 1;
-                elements = 0;
-            }
-            if (have_dict == 0) {
-                ADDOP_I(c, loc, BUILD_MAP, 0);
-                have_dict = 1;
-            }
-            VISIT(c, expr, (expr_ty)asdl_seq_GET(e->v.Dict.values, i));
-            ADDOP_I(c, loc, DICT_UPDATE, 1);
-        }
-        else {
-            if (elements*2 > STACK_USE_GUIDELINE) {
-                RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_subdict(c, e, i - elements, i + 1));
-                if (have_dict) {
-                    ADDOP_I(c, loc, DICT_UPDATE, 1);
-                }
-                have_dict = 1;
-                elements = 0;
-            }
-            else {
-                elements++;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    if (elements) {
-        RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_subdict(c, e, n - elements, n));
-        if (have_dict) {
-            ADDOP_I(c, loc, DICT_UPDATE, 1);
-        }
-        have_dict = 1;
-    }
-    if (!have_dict) {
-        ADDOP_I(c, loc, BUILD_MAP, 0);
-    }
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static int
-compiler_compare(struct compiler *c, expr_ty e)
-{
-    location loc = LOC(e);
-    Py_ssize_t i, n;
-
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(check_compare(c, e));
-    VISIT(c, expr, e->v.Compare.left);
-    assert(asdl_seq_LEN(e->v.Compare.ops) > 0);
-    n = asdl_seq_LEN(e->v.Compare.ops) - 1;
-    if (n == 0) {
-        VISIT(c, expr, (expr_ty)asdl_seq_GET(e->v.Compare.comparators, 0));
-        ADDOP_COMPARE(c, loc, asdl_seq_GET(e->v.Compare.ops, 0));
-    }
-    else {
-        NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, cleanup);
-        for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-            VISIT(c, expr,
-                (expr_ty)asdl_seq_GET(e->v.Compare.comparators, i));
-            ADDOP_I(c, loc, SWAP, 2);
-            ADDOP_I(c, loc, COPY, 2);
-            ADDOP_COMPARE(c, loc, asdl_seq_GET(e->v.Compare.ops, i));
-            ADDOP_I(c, loc, COPY, 1);
-            ADDOP(c, loc, TO_BOOL);
-            ADDOP_JUMP(c, loc, POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE, cleanup);
-            ADDOP(c, loc, POP_TOP);
-        }
-        VISIT(c, expr, (expr_ty)asdl_seq_GET(e->v.Compare.comparators, n));
-        ADDOP_COMPARE(c, loc, asdl_seq_GET(e->v.Compare.ops, n));
-        NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, end);
-        ADDOP_JUMP(c, NO_LOCATION, JUMP_NO_INTERRUPT, end);
-
-        USE_LABEL(c, cleanup);
-        ADDOP_I(c, loc, SWAP, 2);
-        ADDOP(c, loc, POP_TOP);
-
-        USE_LABEL(c, end);
-    }
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static PyTypeObject *
-infer_type(expr_ty e)
-{
-    switch (e->kind) {
-    case Tuple_kind:
-        return &PyTuple_Type;
-    case List_kind:
-    case ListComp_kind:
-        return &PyList_Type;
-    case Dict_kind:
-    case DictComp_kind:
-        return &PyDict_Type;
-    case Set_kind:
-    case SetComp_kind:
-        return &PySet_Type;
-    case GeneratorExp_kind:
-        return &PyGen_Type;
-    case Lambda_kind:
-        return &PyFunction_Type;
-    case JoinedStr_kind:
-    case FormattedValue_kind:
-        return &PyUnicode_Type;
-    case Constant_kind:
-        return Py_TYPE(e->v.Constant.value);
-    default:
-        return NULL;
-    }
-}
-
-static int
-check_caller(struct compiler *c, expr_ty e)
-{
-    switch (e->kind) {
-    case Constant_kind:
-    case Tuple_kind:
-    case List_kind:
-    case ListComp_kind:
-    case Dict_kind:
-    case DictComp_kind:
-    case Set_kind:
-    case SetComp_kind:
-    case GeneratorExp_kind:
-    case JoinedStr_kind:
-    case FormattedValue_kind: {
-        location loc = LOC(e);
-        return compiler_warn(c, loc, "'%.200s' object is not callable; "
-                                     "perhaps you missed a comma?",
-                                     infer_type(e)->tp_name);
-    }
-    default:
-        return SUCCESS;
-    }
-}
-
-static int
-check_subscripter(struct compiler *c, expr_ty e)
-{
-    PyObject *v;
-
-    switch (e->kind) {
-    case Constant_kind:
-        v = e->v.Constant.value;
-        if (!(v == Py_None || v == Py_Ellipsis ||
-              PyLong_Check(v) || PyFloat_Check(v) || PyComplex_Check(v) ||
-              PyAnySet_Check(v)))
-        {
-            return SUCCESS;
-        }
-        /* fall through */
-    case Set_kind:
-    case SetComp_kind:
-    case GeneratorExp_kind:
-    case Lambda_kind: {
-        location loc = LOC(e);
-        return compiler_warn(c, loc, "'%.200s' object is not subscriptable; "
-                                     "perhaps you missed a comma?",
-                                     infer_type(e)->tp_name);
-    }
-    default:
-        return SUCCESS;
-    }
-}
-
-static int
-check_index(struct compiler *c, expr_ty e, expr_ty s)
-{
-    PyObject *v;
-
-    PyTypeObject *index_type = infer_type(s);
-    if (index_type == NULL
-        || PyType_FastSubclass(index_type, Py_TPFLAGS_LONG_SUBCLASS)
-        || index_type == &PySlice_Type) {
-        return SUCCESS;
-    }
-
-    switch (e->kind) {
-    case Constant_kind:
-        v = e->v.Constant.value;
-        if (!(PyUnicode_Check(v) || PyBytes_Check(v) || PyTuple_Check(v))) {
-            return SUCCESS;
-        }
-        /* fall through */
-    case Tuple_kind:
-    case List_kind:
-    case ListComp_kind:
-    case JoinedStr_kind:
-    case FormattedValue_kind: {
-        location loc = LOC(e);
-        return compiler_warn(c, loc, "%.200s indices must be integers "
-                                     "or slices, not %.200s; "
-                                     "perhaps you missed a comma?",
-                                     infer_type(e)->tp_name,
-                                     index_type->tp_name);
-    }
-    default:
-        return SUCCESS;
-    }
-}
-
-static int
-is_import_originated(struct compiler *c, expr_ty e)
-{
-    /* Check whether the global scope has an import named
-     e, if it is a Name object. For not traversing all the
-     scope stack every time this function is called, it will
-     only check the global scope to determine whether something
-     is imported or not. */
-
-    if (e->kind != Name_kind) {
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    long flags = _PyST_GetSymbol(c->c_st->st_top, e->v.Name.id);
-    return flags & DEF_IMPORT;
-}
-
-static int
-can_optimize_super_call(struct compiler *c, expr_ty attr)
-{
-    expr_ty e = attr->v.Attribute.value;
-    if (e->kind != Call_kind ||
-        e->v.Call.func->kind != Name_kind ||
-        !_PyUnicode_EqualToASCIIString(e->v.Call.func->v.Name.id, "super") ||
-        _PyUnicode_EqualToASCIIString(attr->v.Attribute.attr, "__class__") ||
-        asdl_seq_LEN(e->v.Call.keywords) != 0) {
-        return 0;
-    }
-    Py_ssize_t num_args = asdl_seq_LEN(e->v.Call.args);
-
-    PyObject *super_name = e->v.Call.func->v.Name.id;
-    // detect statically-visible shadowing of 'super' name
-    int scope = _PyST_GetScope(c->u->u_ste, super_name);
-    if (scope != GLOBAL_IMPLICIT) {
-        return 0;
-    }
-    scope = _PyST_GetScope(c->c_st->st_top, super_name);
-    if (scope != 0) {
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    if (num_args == 2) {
-        for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < num_args; i++) {
-            expr_ty elt = asdl_seq_GET(e->v.Call.args, i);
-            if (elt->kind == Starred_kind) {
-                return 0;
-            }
-        }
-        // exactly two non-starred args; we can just load
-        // the provided args
-        return 1;
-    }
-
-    if (num_args != 0) {
-        return 0;
-    }
-    // we need the following for zero-arg super():
-
-    // enclosing function should have at least one argument
-    if (c->u->u_metadata.u_argcount == 0 &&
-        c->u->u_metadata.u_posonlyargcount == 0) {
-        return 0;
-    }
-    // __class__ cell should be available
-    if (get_ref_type(c, &_Py_ID(__class__)) == FREE) {
-        return 1;
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static int
-load_args_for_super(struct compiler *c, expr_ty e) {
-    location loc = LOC(e);
-
-    // load super() global
-    PyObject *super_name = e->v.Call.func->v.Name.id;
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_nameop(c, LOC(e->v.Call.func), super_name, Load));
-
-    if (asdl_seq_LEN(e->v.Call.args) == 2) {
-        VISIT(c, expr, asdl_seq_GET(e->v.Call.args, 0));
-        VISIT(c, expr, asdl_seq_GET(e->v.Call.args, 1));
-        return SUCCESS;
-    }
-
-    // load __class__ cell
-    PyObject *name = &_Py_ID(__class__);
-    assert(get_ref_type(c, name) == FREE);
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_nameop(c, loc, name, Load));
-
-    // load self (first argument)
-    Py_ssize_t i = 0;
-    PyObject *key, *value;
-    if (!PyDict_Next(c->u->u_metadata.u_varnames, &i, &key, &value)) {
-        return ERROR;
-    }
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_nameop(c, loc, key, Load));
-
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-// If an attribute access spans multiple lines, update the current start
-// location to point to the attribute name.
-static location
-update_start_location_to_match_attr(struct compiler *c, location loc,
-                                    expr_ty attr)
-{
-    assert(attr->kind == Attribute_kind);
-    if (loc.lineno != attr->end_lineno) {
-        loc.lineno = attr->end_lineno;
-        int len = (int)PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(attr->v.Attribute.attr);
-        if (len <= attr->end_col_offset) {
-            loc.col_offset = attr->end_col_offset - len;
-        }
-        else {
-            // GH-94694: Somebody's compiling weird ASTs. Just drop the columns:
-            loc.col_offset = -1;
-            loc.end_col_offset = -1;
-        }
-        // Make sure the end position still follows the start position, even for
-        // weird ASTs:
-        loc.end_lineno = Py_MAX(loc.lineno, loc.end_lineno);
-        if (loc.lineno == loc.end_lineno) {
-            loc.end_col_offset = Py_MAX(loc.col_offset, loc.end_col_offset);
-        }
-    }
-    return loc;
-}
-
-// Return 1 if the method call was optimized, 0 if not, and -1 on error.
-static int
-maybe_optimize_method_call(struct compiler *c, expr_ty e)
-{
-    Py_ssize_t argsl, i, kwdsl;
-    expr_ty meth = e->v.Call.func;
-    asdl_expr_seq *args = e->v.Call.args;
-    asdl_keyword_seq *kwds = e->v.Call.keywords;
-
-    /* Check that the call node is an attribute access */
-    if (meth->kind != Attribute_kind || meth->v.Attribute.ctx != Load) {
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    /* Check that the base object is not something that is imported */
-    if (is_import_originated(c, meth->v.Attribute.value)) {
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    /* Check that there aren't too many arguments */
-    argsl = asdl_seq_LEN(args);
-    kwdsl = asdl_seq_LEN(kwds);
-    if (argsl + kwdsl + (kwdsl != 0) >= STACK_USE_GUIDELINE) {
-        return 0;
-    }
-    /* Check that there are no *varargs types of arguments. */
-    for (i = 0; i < argsl; i++) {
-        expr_ty elt = asdl_seq_GET(args, i);
-        if (elt->kind == Starred_kind) {
-            return 0;
-        }
-    }
-
-    for (i = 0; i < kwdsl; i++) {
-        keyword_ty kw = asdl_seq_GET(kwds, i);
-        if (kw->arg == NULL) {
-            return 0;
-        }
-    }
-
-    /* Alright, we can optimize the code. */
-    location loc = LOC(meth);
-
-    if (can_optimize_super_call(c, meth)) {
-        RETURN_IF_ERROR(load_args_for_super(c, meth->v.Attribute.value));
-        int opcode = asdl_seq_LEN(meth->v.Attribute.value->v.Call.args) ?
-            LOAD_SUPER_METHOD : LOAD_ZERO_SUPER_METHOD;
-        ADDOP_NAME(c, loc, opcode, meth->v.Attribute.attr, names);
-        loc = update_start_location_to_match_attr(c, loc, meth);
-        ADDOP(c, loc, NOP);
-    } else {
-        VISIT(c, expr, meth->v.Attribute.value);
-        loc = update_start_location_to_match_attr(c, loc, meth);
-        ADDOP_NAME(c, loc, LOAD_METHOD, meth->v.Attribute.attr, names);
-    }
-
-    VISIT_SEQ(c, expr, e->v.Call.args);
-
-    if (kwdsl) {
-        VISIT_SEQ(c, keyword, kwds);
-        RETURN_IF_ERROR(
-            compiler_call_simple_kw_helper(c, loc, kwds, kwdsl));
-        loc = update_start_location_to_match_attr(c, LOC(e), meth);
-        ADDOP_I(c, loc, CALL_KW, argsl + kwdsl);
-    }
-    else {
-        loc = update_start_location_to_match_attr(c, LOC(e), meth);
-        ADDOP_I(c, loc, CALL, argsl);
-    }
-    return 1;
-}
-
-static int
-validate_keywords(struct compiler *c, asdl_keyword_seq *keywords)
-{
-    Py_ssize_t nkeywords = asdl_seq_LEN(keywords);
-    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < nkeywords; i++) {
-        keyword_ty key = ((keyword_ty)asdl_seq_GET(keywords, i));
-        if (key->arg == NULL) {
-            continue;
-        }
-        location loc = LOC(key);
-        if (forbidden_name(c, loc, key->arg, Store)) {
-            return ERROR;
-        }
-        for (Py_ssize_t j = i + 1; j < nkeywords; j++) {
-            keyword_ty other = ((keyword_ty)asdl_seq_GET(keywords, j));
-            if (other->arg && !PyUnicode_Compare(key->arg, other->arg)) {
-                compiler_error(c, LOC(other), "keyword argument repeated: %U", key->arg);
-                return ERROR;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static int
-compiler_call(struct compiler *c, expr_ty e)
-{
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(validate_keywords(c, e->v.Call.keywords));
-    int ret = maybe_optimize_method_call(c, e);
-    if (ret < 0) {
-        return ERROR;
-    }
-    if (ret == 1) {
-        return SUCCESS;
-    }
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(check_caller(c, e->v.Call.func));
-    VISIT(c, expr, e->v.Call.func);
-    location loc = LOC(e->v.Call.func);
-    ADDOP(c, loc, PUSH_NULL);
-    loc = LOC(e);
-    return compiler_call_helper(c, loc, 0,
-                                e->v.Call.args,
-                                e->v.Call.keywords);
-}
-
-static int
-compiler_joined_str(struct compiler *c, expr_ty e)
-{
-    location loc = LOC(e);
-    Py_ssize_t value_count = asdl_seq_LEN(e->v.JoinedStr.values);
-    if (value_count > STACK_USE_GUIDELINE) {
-        _Py_DECLARE_STR(empty, "");
-        ADDOP_LOAD_CONST_NEW(c, loc, Py_NewRef(&_Py_STR(empty)));
-        ADDOP_NAME(c, loc, LOAD_METHOD, &_Py_ID(join), names);
-        ADDOP_I(c, loc, BUILD_LIST, 0);
-        for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < asdl_seq_LEN(e->v.JoinedStr.values); i++) {
-            VISIT(c, expr, asdl_seq_GET(e->v.JoinedStr.values, i));
-            ADDOP_I(c, loc, LIST_APPEND, 1);
-        }
-        ADDOP_I(c, loc, CALL, 1);
-    }
-    else {
-        VISIT_SEQ(c, expr, e->v.JoinedStr.values);
-        if (value_count > 1) {
-            ADDOP_I(c, loc, BUILD_STRING, value_count);
-        }
-        else if (value_count == 0) {
-            _Py_DECLARE_STR(empty, "");
-            ADDOP_LOAD_CONST_NEW(c, loc, Py_NewRef(&_Py_STR(empty)));
-        }
-    }
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-/* Used to implement f-strings. Format a single value. */
-static int
-compiler_formatted_value(struct compiler *c, expr_ty e)
-{
-    /* Our oparg encodes 2 pieces of information: the conversion
-       character, and whether or not a format_spec was provided.
-
-       Convert the conversion char to 3 bits:
-           : 000  0x0  FVC_NONE   The default if nothing specified.
-       !s  : 001  0x1  FVC_STR
-       !r  : 010  0x2  FVC_REPR
-       !a  : 011  0x3  FVC_ASCII
-
-       next bit is whether or not we have a format spec:
-       yes : 100  0x4
-       no  : 000  0x0
-    */
-
-    int conversion = e->v.FormattedValue.conversion;
-    int oparg;
-
-    /* The expression to be formatted. */
-    VISIT(c, expr, e->v.FormattedValue.value);
-
-    location loc = LOC(e);
-    if (conversion != -1) {
-        switch (conversion) {
-        case 's': oparg = FVC_STR;   break;
-        case 'r': oparg = FVC_REPR;  break;
-        case 'a': oparg = FVC_ASCII; break;
-        default:
-            PyErr_Format(PyExc_SystemError,
-                     "Unrecognized conversion character %d", conversion);
-            return ERROR;
-        }
-        ADDOP_I(c, loc, CONVERT_VALUE, oparg);
-    }
-    if (e->v.FormattedValue.format_spec) {
-        /* Evaluate the format spec, and update our opcode arg. */
-        VISIT(c, expr, e->v.FormattedValue.format_spec);
-        ADDOP(c, loc, FORMAT_WITH_SPEC);
-    } else {
-        ADDOP(c, loc, FORMAT_SIMPLE);
-    }
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static int
-compiler_subkwargs(struct compiler *c, location loc,
-                   asdl_keyword_seq *keywords,
-                   Py_ssize_t begin, Py_ssize_t end)
-{
-    Py_ssize_t i, n = end - begin;
-    keyword_ty kw;
-    PyObject *keys, *key;
-    assert(n > 0);
-    int big = n*2 > STACK_USE_GUIDELINE;
-    if (n > 1 && !big) {
-        for (i = begin; i < end; i++) {
-            kw = asdl_seq_GET(keywords, i);
-            VISIT(c, expr, kw->value);
-        }
-        keys = PyTuple_New(n);
-        if (keys == NULL) {
-            return ERROR;
-        }
-        for (i = begin; i < end; i++) {
-            key = ((keyword_ty) asdl_seq_GET(keywords, i))->arg;
-            PyTuple_SET_ITEM(keys, i - begin, Py_NewRef(key));
-        }
-        ADDOP_LOAD_CONST_NEW(c, loc, keys);
-        ADDOP_I(c, loc, BUILD_CONST_KEY_MAP, n);
-        return SUCCESS;
-    }
-    if (big) {
-        ADDOP_I(c, NO_LOCATION, BUILD_MAP, 0);
-    }
-    for (i = begin; i < end; i++) {
-        kw = asdl_seq_GET(keywords, i);
-        ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, loc, kw->arg);
-        VISIT(c, expr, kw->value);
-        if (big) {
-            ADDOP_I(c, NO_LOCATION, MAP_ADD, 1);
-        }
-    }
-    if (!big) {
-        ADDOP_I(c, loc, BUILD_MAP, n);
-    }
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-/* Used by compiler_call_helper and maybe_optimize_method_call to emit
- * a tuple of keyword names before CALL.
- */
-static int
-compiler_call_simple_kw_helper(struct compiler *c, location loc,
-                               asdl_keyword_seq *keywords, Py_ssize_t nkwelts)
-{
-    PyObject *names;
-    names = PyTuple_New(nkwelts);
-    if (names == NULL) {
-        return ERROR;
-    }
-    for (int i = 0; i < nkwelts; i++) {
-        keyword_ty kw = asdl_seq_GET(keywords, i);
-        PyTuple_SET_ITEM(names, i, Py_NewRef(kw->arg));
-    }
-    ADDOP_LOAD_CONST_NEW(c, loc, names);
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-
-/* shared code between compiler_call and compiler_class */
-static int
-compiler_call_helper(struct compiler *c, location loc,
-                     int n, /* Args already pushed */
-                     asdl_expr_seq *args,
-                     asdl_keyword_seq *keywords)
-{
-    Py_ssize_t i, nseen, nelts, nkwelts;
-
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(validate_keywords(c, keywords));
-
-    nelts = asdl_seq_LEN(args);
-    nkwelts = asdl_seq_LEN(keywords);
-
-    if (nelts + nkwelts*2 > STACK_USE_GUIDELINE) {
-         goto ex_call;
-    }
-    for (i = 0; i < nelts; i++) {
-        expr_ty elt = asdl_seq_GET(args, i);
-        if (elt->kind == Starred_kind) {
-            goto ex_call;
-        }
-    }
-    for (i = 0; i < nkwelts; i++) {
-        keyword_ty kw = asdl_seq_GET(keywords, i);
-        if (kw->arg == NULL) {
-            goto ex_call;
-        }
-    }
-
-    /* No * or ** args, so can use faster calling sequence */
-    for (i = 0; i < nelts; i++) {
-        expr_ty elt = asdl_seq_GET(args, i);
-        assert(elt->kind != Starred_kind);
-        VISIT(c, expr, elt);
-    }
-    if (nkwelts) {
-        VISIT_SEQ(c, keyword, keywords);
-        RETURN_IF_ERROR(
-            compiler_call_simple_kw_helper(c, loc, keywords, nkwelts));
-        ADDOP_I(c, loc, CALL_KW, n + nelts + nkwelts);
-    }
-    else {
-        ADDOP_I(c, loc, CALL, n + nelts);
-    }
-    return SUCCESS;
-
-ex_call:
-
-    /* Do positional arguments. */
-    if (n ==0 && nelts == 1 && ((expr_ty)asdl_seq_GET(args, 0))->kind == Starred_kind) {
-        VISIT(c, expr, ((expr_ty)asdl_seq_GET(args, 0))->v.Starred.value);
-    }
-    else {
-        RETURN_IF_ERROR(starunpack_helper(c, loc, args, n, BUILD_LIST,
-                                          LIST_APPEND, LIST_EXTEND, 1));
-    }
-    /* Then keyword arguments */
-    if (nkwelts) {
-        /* Has a new dict been pushed */
-        int have_dict = 0;
-
-        nseen = 0;  /* the number of keyword arguments on the stack following */
-        for (i = 0; i < nkwelts; i++) {
-            keyword_ty kw = asdl_seq_GET(keywords, i);
-            if (kw->arg == NULL) {
-                /* A keyword argument unpacking. */
-                if (nseen) {
-                    RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_subkwargs(c, loc, keywords, i - nseen, i));
-                    if (have_dict) {
-                        ADDOP_I(c, loc, DICT_MERGE, 1);
-                    }
-                    have_dict = 1;
-                    nseen = 0;
-                }
-                if (!have_dict) {
-                    ADDOP_I(c, loc, BUILD_MAP, 0);
-                    have_dict = 1;
-                }
-                VISIT(c, expr, kw->value);
-                ADDOP_I(c, loc, DICT_MERGE, 1);
-            }
-            else {
-                nseen++;
-            }
-        }
-        if (nseen) {
-            /* Pack up any trailing keyword arguments. */
-            RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_subkwargs(c, loc, keywords, nkwelts - nseen, nkwelts));
-            if (have_dict) {
-                ADDOP_I(c, loc, DICT_MERGE, 1);
-            }
-            have_dict = 1;
-        }
-        assert(have_dict);
-    }
-    ADDOP_I(c, loc, CALL_FUNCTION_EX, nkwelts > 0);
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-
-/* List and set comprehensions and generator expressions work by creating a
-  nested function to perform the actual iteration. This means that the
-  iteration variables don't leak into the current scope.
-  The defined function is called immediately following its definition, with the
-  result of that call being the result of the expression.
-  The LC/SC version returns the populated container, while the GE version is
-  flagged in symtable.c as a generator, so it returns the generator object
-  when the function is called.
-
-  Possible cleanups:
-    - iterate over the generator sequence instead of using recursion
-*/
-
-
-static int
-compiler_comprehension_generator(struct compiler *c, location loc,
-                                 asdl_comprehension_seq *generators, int gen_index,
-                                 int depth,
-                                 expr_ty elt, expr_ty val, int type,
-                                 int iter_on_stack)
-{
-    comprehension_ty gen;
-    gen = (comprehension_ty)asdl_seq_GET(generators, gen_index);
-    if (gen->is_async) {
-        return compiler_async_comprehension_generator(
-            c, loc, generators, gen_index, depth, elt, val, type,
-            iter_on_stack);
-    } else {
-        return compiler_sync_comprehension_generator(
-            c, loc, generators, gen_index, depth, elt, val, type,
-            iter_on_stack);
-    }
-}
-
-static int
-compiler_sync_comprehension_generator(struct compiler *c, location loc,
-                                      asdl_comprehension_seq *generators,
-                                      int gen_index, int depth,
-                                      expr_ty elt, expr_ty val, int type,
-                                      int iter_on_stack)
-{
-    /* generate code for the iterator, then each of the ifs,
-       and then write to the element */
-
-    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, start);
-    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, if_cleanup);
-    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, anchor);
-
-    comprehension_ty gen = (comprehension_ty)asdl_seq_GET(generators,
-                                                          gen_index);
-
-    if (!iter_on_stack) {
-        if (gen_index == 0) {
-            /* Receive outermost iter as an implicit argument */
-            c->u->u_metadata.u_argcount = 1;
-            ADDOP_I(c, loc, LOAD_FAST, 0);
-        }
-        else {
-            /* Sub-iter - calculate on the fly */
-            /* Fast path for the temporary variable assignment idiom:
-                for y in [f(x)]
-            */
-            asdl_expr_seq *elts;
-            switch (gen->iter->kind) {
-                case List_kind:
-                    elts = gen->iter->v.List.elts;
-                    break;
-                case Tuple_kind:
-                    elts = gen->iter->v.Tuple.elts;
-                    break;
-                default:
-                    elts = NULL;
-            }
-            if (asdl_seq_LEN(elts) == 1) {
-                expr_ty elt = asdl_seq_GET(elts, 0);
-                if (elt->kind != Starred_kind) {
-                    VISIT(c, expr, elt);
-                    start = NO_LABEL;
-                }
-            }
-            if (IS_LABEL(start)) {
-                VISIT(c, expr, gen->iter);
-                ADDOP(c, loc, GET_ITER);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    if (IS_LABEL(start)) {
-        depth++;
-        USE_LABEL(c, start);
-        ADDOP_JUMP(c, loc, FOR_ITER, anchor);
-    }
-    VISIT(c, expr, gen->target);
-
-    /* XXX this needs to be cleaned up...a lot! */
-    Py_ssize_t n = asdl_seq_LEN(gen->ifs);
-    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        expr_ty e = (expr_ty)asdl_seq_GET(gen->ifs, i);
-        RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_jump_if(c, loc, e, if_cleanup, 0));
-    }
-
-    if (++gen_index < asdl_seq_LEN(generators)) {
-        RETURN_IF_ERROR(
-            compiler_comprehension_generator(c, loc,
-                                             generators, gen_index, depth,
-                                             elt, val, type, 0));
-    }
-
-    location elt_loc = LOC(elt);
-
-    /* only append after the last for generator */
-    if (gen_index >= asdl_seq_LEN(generators)) {
-        /* comprehension specific code */
-        switch (type) {
-        case COMP_GENEXP:
-            VISIT(c, expr, elt);
-            ADDOP_YIELD(c, elt_loc);
-            ADDOP(c, elt_loc, POP_TOP);
-            break;
-        case COMP_LISTCOMP:
-            VISIT(c, expr, elt);
-            ADDOP_I(c, elt_loc, LIST_APPEND, depth + 1);
-            break;
-        case COMP_SETCOMP:
-            VISIT(c, expr, elt);
-            ADDOP_I(c, elt_loc, SET_ADD, depth + 1);
-            break;
-        case COMP_DICTCOMP:
-            /* With '{k: v}', k is evaluated before v, so we do
-               the same. */
-            VISIT(c, expr, elt);
-            VISIT(c, expr, val);
-            elt_loc = LOCATION(elt->lineno,
-                               val->end_lineno,
-                               elt->col_offset,
-                               val->end_col_offset);
-            ADDOP_I(c, elt_loc, MAP_ADD, depth + 1);
-            break;
-        default:
-            return ERROR;
-        }
-    }
-
-    USE_LABEL(c, if_cleanup);
-    if (IS_LABEL(start)) {
-        ADDOP_JUMP(c, elt_loc, JUMP, start);
-
-        USE_LABEL(c, anchor);
-        /* It is important for instrumentation that the `END_FOR` comes first.
-        * Iteration over a generator will jump to the first of these instructions,
-        * but a non-generator will jump to a later instruction.
-        */
-        ADDOP(c, NO_LOCATION, END_FOR);
-        ADDOP(c, NO_LOCATION, POP_TOP);
-    }
-
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static int
-compiler_async_comprehension_generator(struct compiler *c, location loc,
-                                      asdl_comprehension_seq *generators,
-                                      int gen_index, int depth,
-                                      expr_ty elt, expr_ty val, int type,
-                                      int iter_on_stack)
-{
-    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, start);
-    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, except);
-    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, if_cleanup);
-
-    comprehension_ty gen = (comprehension_ty)asdl_seq_GET(generators,
-                                                          gen_index);
-
-    if (!iter_on_stack) {
-        if (gen_index == 0) {
-            /* Receive outermost iter as an implicit argument */
-            c->u->u_metadata.u_argcount = 1;
-            ADDOP_I(c, loc, LOAD_FAST, 0);
-        }
-        else {
-            /* Sub-iter - calculate on the fly */
-            VISIT(c, expr, gen->iter);
-            ADDOP(c, loc, GET_AITER);
-        }
-    }
-
-    USE_LABEL(c, start);
-    /* Runtime will push a block here, so we need to account for that */
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(
-        compiler_push_fblock(c, loc, ASYNC_COMPREHENSION_GENERATOR,
-                             start, NO_LABEL, NULL));
-
-    ADDOP_JUMP(c, loc, SETUP_FINALLY, except);
-    ADDOP(c, loc, GET_ANEXT);
-    ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, loc, Py_None);
-    ADD_YIELD_FROM(c, loc, 1);
-    ADDOP(c, loc, POP_BLOCK);
-    VISIT(c, expr, gen->target);
-
-    Py_ssize_t n = asdl_seq_LEN(gen->ifs);
-    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        expr_ty e = (expr_ty)asdl_seq_GET(gen->ifs, i);
-        RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_jump_if(c, loc, e, if_cleanup, 0));
-    }
-
-    depth++;
-    if (++gen_index < asdl_seq_LEN(generators)) {
-        RETURN_IF_ERROR(
-            compiler_comprehension_generator(c, loc,
-                                             generators, gen_index, depth,
-                                             elt, val, type, 0));
-    }
-
-    location elt_loc = LOC(elt);
-    /* only append after the last for generator */
-    if (gen_index >= asdl_seq_LEN(generators)) {
-        /* comprehension specific code */
-        switch (type) {
-        case COMP_GENEXP:
-            VISIT(c, expr, elt);
-            ADDOP_YIELD(c, elt_loc);
-            ADDOP(c, elt_loc, POP_TOP);
-            break;
-        case COMP_LISTCOMP:
-            VISIT(c, expr, elt);
-            ADDOP_I(c, elt_loc, LIST_APPEND, depth + 1);
-            break;
-        case COMP_SETCOMP:
-            VISIT(c, expr, elt);
-            ADDOP_I(c, elt_loc, SET_ADD, depth + 1);
-            break;
-        case COMP_DICTCOMP:
-            /* With '{k: v}', k is evaluated before v, so we do
-               the same. */
-            VISIT(c, expr, elt);
-            VISIT(c, expr, val);
-            elt_loc = LOCATION(elt->lineno,
-                               val->end_lineno,
-                               elt->col_offset,
-                               val->end_col_offset);
-            ADDOP_I(c, elt_loc, MAP_ADD, depth + 1);
-            break;
-        default:
-            return ERROR;
-        }
-    }
-
-    USE_LABEL(c, if_cleanup);
-    ADDOP_JUMP(c, elt_loc, JUMP, start);
-
-    compiler_pop_fblock(c, ASYNC_COMPREHENSION_GENERATOR, start);
-
-    USE_LABEL(c, except);
-
-    ADDOP(c, loc, END_ASYNC_FOR);
-
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-typedef struct {
-    PyObject *pushed_locals;
-    PyObject *temp_symbols;
-    PyObject *fast_hidden;
-    jump_target_label cleanup;
-    jump_target_label end;
-} inlined_comprehension_state;
-
-static int
-push_inlined_comprehension_state(struct compiler *c, location loc,
-                                 PySTEntryObject *entry,
-                                 inlined_comprehension_state *state)
-{
-    int in_class_block = (c->u->u_ste->ste_type == ClassBlock) && !c->u->u_in_inlined_comp;
-    c->u->u_in_inlined_comp++;
-    // iterate over names bound in the comprehension and ensure we isolate
-    // them from the outer scope as needed
-    PyObject *k, *v;
-    Py_ssize_t pos = 0;
-    while (PyDict_Next(entry->ste_symbols, &pos, &k, &v)) {
-        assert(PyLong_Check(v));
-        long symbol = PyLong_AS_LONG(v);
-        long scope = (symbol >> SCOPE_OFFSET) & SCOPE_MASK;
-        PyObject *outv = PyDict_GetItemWithError(c->u->u_ste->ste_symbols, k);
-        if (outv == NULL) {
-            if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
-                return ERROR;
-            }
-            outv = _PyLong_GetZero();
-        }
-        assert(PyLong_CheckExact(outv));
-        long outsc = (PyLong_AS_LONG(outv) >> SCOPE_OFFSET) & SCOPE_MASK;
-        // If a name has different scope inside than outside the comprehension,
-        // we need to temporarily handle it with the right scope while
-        // compiling the comprehension. If it's free in the comprehension
-        // scope, no special handling; it should be handled the same as the
-        // enclosing scope. (If it's free in outer scope and cell in inner
-        // scope, we can't treat it as both cell and free in the same function,
-        // but treating it as free throughout is fine; it's *_DEREF
-        // either way.)
-        if ((scope != outsc && scope != FREE && !(scope == CELL && outsc == FREE))
-                || in_class_block) {
-            if (state->temp_symbols == NULL) {
-                state->temp_symbols = PyDict_New();
-                if (state->temp_symbols == NULL) {
-                    return ERROR;
-                }
-            }
-            // update the symbol to the in-comprehension version and save
-            // the outer version; we'll restore it after running the
-            // comprehension
-            Py_INCREF(outv);
-            if (PyDict_SetItem(c->u->u_ste->ste_symbols, k, v) < 0) {
-                Py_DECREF(outv);
-                return ERROR;
-            }
-            if (PyDict_SetItem(state->temp_symbols, k, outv) < 0) {
-                Py_DECREF(outv);
-                return ERROR;
-            }
-            Py_DECREF(outv);
-        }
-        // locals handling for names bound in comprehension (DEF_LOCAL |
-        // DEF_NONLOCAL occurs in assignment expression to nonlocal)
-        if ((symbol & DEF_LOCAL && !(symbol & DEF_NONLOCAL)) || in_class_block) {
-            if (!_PyST_IsFunctionLike(c->u->u_ste)) {
-                // non-function scope: override this name to use fast locals
-                PyObject *orig;
-                if (PyDict_GetItemRef(c->u->u_metadata.u_fasthidden, k, &orig) < 0) {
-                    return ERROR;
-                }
-                int orig_is_true = (orig == Py_True);
-                Py_XDECREF(orig);
-                if (!orig_is_true) {
-                    if (PyDict_SetItem(c->u->u_metadata.u_fasthidden, k, Py_True) < 0) {
-                        return ERROR;
-                    }
-                    if (state->fast_hidden == NULL) {
-                        state->fast_hidden = PySet_New(NULL);
-                        if (state->fast_hidden == NULL) {
-                            return ERROR;
-                        }
-                    }
-                    if (PySet_Add(state->fast_hidden, k) < 0) {
-                        return ERROR;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            // local names bound in comprehension must be isolated from
-            // outer scope; push existing value (which may be NULL if
-            // not defined) on stack
-            if (state->pushed_locals == NULL) {
-                state->pushed_locals = PyList_New(0);
-                if (state->pushed_locals == NULL) {
-                    return ERROR;
-                }
-            }
-            // in the case of a cell, this will actually push the cell
-            // itself to the stack, then we'll create a new one for the
-            // comprehension and restore the original one after
-            ADDOP_NAME(c, loc, LOAD_FAST_AND_CLEAR, k, varnames);
-            if (scope == CELL) {
-                if (outsc == FREE) {
-                    ADDOP_NAME(c, loc, MAKE_CELL, k, freevars);
-                } else {
-                    ADDOP_NAME(c, loc, MAKE_CELL, k, cellvars);
-                }
-            }
-            if (PyList_Append(state->pushed_locals, k) < 0) {
-                return ERROR;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    if (state->pushed_locals) {
-        // Outermost iterable expression was already evaluated and is on the
-        // stack, we need to swap it back to TOS. This also rotates the order of
-        // `pushed_locals` on the stack, but this will be reversed when we swap
-        // out the comprehension result in pop_inlined_comprehension_state
-        ADDOP_I(c, loc, SWAP, PyList_GET_SIZE(state->pushed_locals) + 1);
-
-        // Add our own cleanup handler to restore comprehension locals in case
-        // of exception, so they have the correct values inside an exception
-        // handler or finally block.
-        NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, cleanup);
-        state->cleanup = cleanup;
-        NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, end);
-        state->end = end;
-
-        // no need to push an fblock for this "virtual" try/finally; there can't
-        // be return/continue/break inside a comprehension
-        ADDOP_JUMP(c, loc, SETUP_FINALLY, cleanup);
-    }
-
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static int
-restore_inlined_comprehension_locals(struct compiler *c, location loc,
-                                     inlined_comprehension_state state)
-{
-    PyObject *k;
-    // pop names we pushed to stack earlier
-    Py_ssize_t npops = PyList_GET_SIZE(state.pushed_locals);
-    // Preserve the comprehension result (or exception) as TOS. This
-    // reverses the SWAP we did in push_inlined_comprehension_state to get
-    // the outermost iterable to TOS, so we can still just iterate
-    // pushed_locals in simple reverse order
-    ADDOP_I(c, loc, SWAP, npops + 1);
-    for (Py_ssize_t i = npops - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
-        k = PyList_GetItem(state.pushed_locals, i);
-        if (k == NULL) {
-            return ERROR;
-        }
-        ADDOP_NAME(c, loc, STORE_FAST_MAYBE_NULL, k, varnames);
-    }
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static int
-pop_inlined_comprehension_state(struct compiler *c, location loc,
-                                inlined_comprehension_state state)
-{
-    c->u->u_in_inlined_comp--;
-    PyObject *k, *v;
-    Py_ssize_t pos = 0;
-    if (state.temp_symbols) {
-        while (PyDict_Next(state.temp_symbols, &pos, &k, &v)) {
-            if (PyDict_SetItem(c->u->u_ste->ste_symbols, k, v)) {
-                return ERROR;
-            }
-        }
-        Py_CLEAR(state.temp_symbols);
-    }
-    if (state.pushed_locals) {
-        ADDOP(c, NO_LOCATION, POP_BLOCK);
-        ADDOP_JUMP(c, NO_LOCATION, JUMP_NO_INTERRUPT, state.end);
-
-        // cleanup from an exception inside the comprehension
-        USE_LABEL(c, state.cleanup);
-        // discard incomplete comprehension result (beneath exc on stack)
-        ADDOP_I(c, NO_LOCATION, SWAP, 2);
-        ADDOP(c, NO_LOCATION, POP_TOP);
-        if (restore_inlined_comprehension_locals(c, loc, state) < 0) {
-            return ERROR;
-        }
-        ADDOP_I(c, NO_LOCATION, RERAISE, 0);
-
-        USE_LABEL(c, state.end);
-        if (restore_inlined_comprehension_locals(c, loc, state) < 0) {
-            return ERROR;
-        }
-        Py_CLEAR(state.pushed_locals);
-    }
-    if (state.fast_hidden) {
-        while (PySet_Size(state.fast_hidden) > 0) {
-            PyObject *k = PySet_Pop(state.fast_hidden);
-            if (k == NULL) {
-                return ERROR;
-            }
-            // we set to False instead of clearing, so we can track which names
-            // were temporarily fast-locals and should use CO_FAST_HIDDEN
-            if (PyDict_SetItem(c->u->u_metadata.u_fasthidden, k, Py_False)) {
-                Py_DECREF(k);
-                return ERROR;
-            }
-            Py_DECREF(k);
-        }
-        Py_CLEAR(state.fast_hidden);
-    }
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static inline int
-compiler_comprehension_iter(struct compiler *c, location loc,
-                            comprehension_ty comp)
-{
-    VISIT(c, expr, comp->iter);
-    if (comp->is_async) {
-        ADDOP(c, loc, GET_AITER);
-    }
-    else {
-        ADDOP(c, loc, GET_ITER);
-    }
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static int
-compiler_comprehension(struct compiler *c, expr_ty e, int type,
-                       identifier name, asdl_comprehension_seq *generators, expr_ty elt,
-                       expr_ty val)
-{
-    PyCodeObject *co = NULL;
-    inlined_comprehension_state inline_state = {NULL, NULL, NULL, NO_LABEL, NO_LABEL};
-    comprehension_ty outermost;
-    int scope_type = c->u->u_scope_type;
-    int is_top_level_await = IS_TOP_LEVEL_AWAIT(c);
-    PySTEntryObject *entry = _PySymtable_Lookup(c->c_st, (void *)e);
-    if (entry == NULL) {
-        goto error;
-    }
-    int is_inlined = entry->ste_comp_inlined;
-    int is_async_generator = entry->ste_coroutine;
-
-    location loc = LOC(e);
-
-    outermost = (comprehension_ty) asdl_seq_GET(generators, 0);
-    if (is_inlined) {
-        if (compiler_comprehension_iter(c, loc, outermost)) {
-            goto error;
-        }
-        if (push_inlined_comprehension_state(c, loc, entry, &inline_state)) {
-            goto error;
-        }
-    }
-    else {
-        if (compiler_enter_scope(c, name, COMPILER_SCOPE_COMPREHENSION,
-                                (void *)e, e->lineno) < 0)
-        {
-            goto error;
-        }
-    }
-    Py_CLEAR(entry);
-
-    if (is_async_generator && type != COMP_GENEXP &&
-        scope_type != COMPILER_SCOPE_ASYNC_FUNCTION &&
-        scope_type != COMPILER_SCOPE_COMPREHENSION &&
-        !is_top_level_await)
-    {
-        compiler_error(c, loc, "asynchronous comprehension outside of "
-                               "an asynchronous function");
-        goto error_in_scope;
-    }
-
-    if (type != COMP_GENEXP) {
-        int op;
-        switch (type) {
-        case COMP_LISTCOMP:
-            op = BUILD_LIST;
-            break;
-        case COMP_SETCOMP:
-            op = BUILD_SET;
-            break;
-        case COMP_DICTCOMP:
-            op = BUILD_MAP;
-            break;
-        default:
-            PyErr_Format(PyExc_SystemError,
-                         "unknown comprehension type %d", type);
-            goto error_in_scope;
-        }
-
-        ADDOP_I(c, loc, op, 0);
-        if (is_inlined) {
-            ADDOP_I(c, loc, SWAP, 2);
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (compiler_comprehension_generator(c, loc, generators, 0, 0,
-                                         elt, val, type, is_inlined) < 0) {
-        goto error_in_scope;
-    }
-
-    if (is_inlined) {
-        if (pop_inlined_comprehension_state(c, loc, inline_state)) {
-            goto error;
-        }
-        return SUCCESS;
-    }
-
-    if (type != COMP_GENEXP) {
-        ADDOP(c, LOC(e), RETURN_VALUE);
-    }
-    if (type == COMP_GENEXP) {
-        if (wrap_in_stopiteration_handler(c) < 0) {
-            goto error_in_scope;
-        }
-    }
-
-    co = optimize_and_assemble(c, 1);
-    compiler_exit_scope(c);
-    if (is_top_level_await && is_async_generator){
-        c->u->u_ste->ste_coroutine = 1;
-    }
-    if (co == NULL) {
-        goto error;
-    }
-
-    loc = LOC(e);
-    if (compiler_make_closure(c, loc, co, 0) < 0) {
-        goto error;
-    }
-    Py_CLEAR(co);
-
-    if (compiler_comprehension_iter(c, loc, outermost)) {
-        goto error;
-    }
-
-    ADDOP_I(c, loc, CALL, 0);
-
-    if (is_async_generator && type != COMP_GENEXP) {
-        ADDOP_I(c, loc, GET_AWAITABLE, 0);
-        ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, loc, Py_None);
-        ADD_YIELD_FROM(c, loc, 1);
-    }
-
-    return SUCCESS;
-error_in_scope:
-    if (!is_inlined) {
-        compiler_exit_scope(c);
-    }
-error:
-    Py_XDECREF(co);
-    Py_XDECREF(entry);
-    Py_XDECREF(inline_state.pushed_locals);
-    Py_XDECREF(inline_state.temp_symbols);
-    Py_XDECREF(inline_state.fast_hidden);
-    return ERROR;
-}
-
-static int
-compiler_genexp(struct compiler *c, expr_ty e)
-{
-    assert(e->kind == GeneratorExp_kind);
-    _Py_DECLARE_STR(anon_genexpr, "<genexpr>");
-    return compiler_comprehension(c, e, COMP_GENEXP, &_Py_STR(anon_genexpr),
-                                  e->v.GeneratorExp.generators,
-                                  e->v.GeneratorExp.elt, NULL);
-}
-
-static int
-compiler_listcomp(struct compiler *c, expr_ty e)
-{
-    assert(e->kind == ListComp_kind);
-    _Py_DECLARE_STR(anon_listcomp, "<listcomp>");
-    return compiler_comprehension(c, e, COMP_LISTCOMP, &_Py_STR(anon_listcomp),
-                                  e->v.ListComp.generators,
-                                  e->v.ListComp.elt, NULL);
-}
-
-static int
-compiler_setcomp(struct compiler *c, expr_ty e)
-{
-    assert(e->kind == SetComp_kind);
-    _Py_DECLARE_STR(anon_setcomp, "<setcomp>");
-    return compiler_comprehension(c, e, COMP_SETCOMP, &_Py_STR(anon_setcomp),
-                                  e->v.SetComp.generators,
-                                  e->v.SetComp.elt, NULL);
-}
-
-
-static int
-compiler_dictcomp(struct compiler *c, expr_ty e)
-{
-    assert(e->kind == DictComp_kind);
-    _Py_DECLARE_STR(anon_dictcomp, "<dictcomp>");
-    return compiler_comprehension(c, e, COMP_DICTCOMP, &_Py_STR(anon_dictcomp),
-                                  e->v.DictComp.generators,
-                                  e->v.DictComp.key, e->v.DictComp.value);
-}
-
-
-static int
-compiler_visit_keyword(struct compiler *c, keyword_ty k)
-{
-    VISIT(c, expr, k->value);
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-
-static int
-compiler_with_except_finish(struct compiler *c, jump_target_label cleanup) {
-    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, suppress);
-    ADDOP(c, NO_LOCATION, TO_BOOL);
-    ADDOP_JUMP(c, NO_LOCATION, POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE, suppress);
-    ADDOP_I(c, NO_LOCATION, RERAISE, 2);
-
-    USE_LABEL(c, suppress);
-    ADDOP(c, NO_LOCATION, POP_TOP); /* exc_value */
-    ADDOP(c, NO_LOCATION, POP_BLOCK);
-    ADDOP(c, NO_LOCATION, POP_EXCEPT);
-    ADDOP(c, NO_LOCATION, POP_TOP);
-    ADDOP(c, NO_LOCATION, POP_TOP);
-    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, exit);
-    ADDOP_JUMP(c, NO_LOCATION, JUMP_NO_INTERRUPT, exit);
-
-    USE_LABEL(c, cleanup);
-    POP_EXCEPT_AND_RERAISE(c, NO_LOCATION);
-
-    USE_LABEL(c, exit);
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-/*
-   Implements the async with statement.
-
-   The semantics outlined in that PEP are as follows:
-
-   async with EXPR as VAR:
-       BLOCK
-
-   It is implemented roughly as:
-
-   context = EXPR
-   exit = context.__aexit__  # not calling it
-   value = await context.__aenter__()
-   try:
-       VAR = value  # if VAR present in the syntax
-       BLOCK
-   finally:
-       if an exception was raised:
-           exc = copy of (exception, instance, traceback)
-       else:
-           exc = (None, None, None)
-       if not (await exit(*exc)):
-           raise
- */
-static int
-compiler_async_with(struct compiler *c, stmt_ty s, int pos)
-{
-    location loc = LOC(s);
-    withitem_ty item = asdl_seq_GET(s->v.AsyncWith.items, pos);
-
-    assert(s->kind == AsyncWith_kind);
-    if (IS_TOP_LEVEL_AWAIT(c)){
-        c->u->u_ste->ste_coroutine = 1;
-    } else if (c->u->u_scope_type != COMPILER_SCOPE_ASYNC_FUNCTION){
-        return compiler_error(c, loc, "'async with' outside async function");
-    }
-
-    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, block);
-    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, final);
-    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, exit);
-    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, cleanup);
-
-    /* Evaluate EXPR */
-    VISIT(c, expr, item->context_expr);
-    loc = LOC(item->context_expr);
-    ADDOP(c, loc, BEFORE_ASYNC_WITH);
-    ADDOP_I(c, loc, GET_AWAITABLE, 1);
-    ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, loc, Py_None);
-    ADD_YIELD_FROM(c, loc, 1);
-
-    ADDOP_JUMP(c, loc, SETUP_WITH, final);
-
-    /* SETUP_WITH pushes a finally block. */
-    USE_LABEL(c, block);
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_push_fblock(c, loc, ASYNC_WITH, block, final, s));
-
-    if (item->optional_vars) {
-        VISIT(c, expr, item->optional_vars);
-    }
-    else {
-        /* Discard result from context.__aenter__() */
-        ADDOP(c, loc, POP_TOP);
-    }
-
-    pos++;
-    if (pos == asdl_seq_LEN(s->v.AsyncWith.items)) {
-        /* BLOCK code */
-        VISIT_SEQ(c, stmt, s->v.AsyncWith.body)
-    }
-    else {
-        RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_async_with(c, s, pos));
-    }
-
-    compiler_pop_fblock(c, ASYNC_WITH, block);
-
-    ADDOP(c, loc, POP_BLOCK);
-    /* End of body; start the cleanup */
-
-    /* For successful outcome:
-     * call __exit__(None, None, None)
-     */
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_call_exit_with_nones(c, loc));
-    ADDOP_I(c, loc, GET_AWAITABLE, 2);
-    ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, loc, Py_None);
-    ADD_YIELD_FROM(c, loc, 1);
-
-    ADDOP(c, loc, POP_TOP);
-
-    ADDOP_JUMP(c, loc, JUMP, exit);
-
-    /* For exceptional outcome: */
-    USE_LABEL(c, final);
-
-    ADDOP_JUMP(c, loc, SETUP_CLEANUP, cleanup);
-    ADDOP(c, loc, PUSH_EXC_INFO);
-    ADDOP(c, loc, WITH_EXCEPT_START);
-    ADDOP_I(c, loc, GET_AWAITABLE, 2);
-    ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, loc, Py_None);
-    ADD_YIELD_FROM(c, loc, 1);
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_with_except_finish(c, cleanup));
-
-    USE_LABEL(c, exit);
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-
-/*
-   Implements the with statement from PEP 343.
-   with EXPR as VAR:
-       BLOCK
-   is implemented as:
-        <code for EXPR>
-        SETUP_WITH  E
-        <code to store to VAR> or POP_TOP
-        <code for BLOCK>
-        LOAD_CONST (None, None, None)
-        CALL_FUNCTION_EX 0
-        JUMP  EXIT
-    E:  WITH_EXCEPT_START (calls EXPR.__exit__)
-        POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE T:
-        RERAISE
-    T:  POP_TOP (remove exception from stack)
-        POP_EXCEPT
-        POP_TOP
-    EXIT:
- */
-
-static int
-compiler_with(struct compiler *c, stmt_ty s, int pos)
-{
-    withitem_ty item = asdl_seq_GET(s->v.With.items, pos);
-
-    assert(s->kind == With_kind);
-
-    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, block);
-    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, final);
-    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, exit);
-    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, cleanup);
-
-    /* Evaluate EXPR */
-    VISIT(c, expr, item->context_expr);
-    /* Will push bound __exit__ */
-    location loc = LOC(item->context_expr);
-    ADDOP(c, loc, BEFORE_WITH);
-    ADDOP_JUMP(c, loc, SETUP_WITH, final);
-
-    /* SETUP_WITH pushes a finally block. */
-    USE_LABEL(c, block);
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_push_fblock(c, loc, WITH, block, final, s));
-
-    if (item->optional_vars) {
-        VISIT(c, expr, item->optional_vars);
-    }
-    else {
-    /* Discard result from context.__enter__() */
-        ADDOP(c, loc, POP_TOP);
-    }
-
-    pos++;
-    if (pos == asdl_seq_LEN(s->v.With.items)) {
-        /* BLOCK code */
-        VISIT_SEQ(c, stmt, s->v.With.body)
-    }
-    else {
-        RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_with(c, s, pos));
-    }
-
-    ADDOP(c, NO_LOCATION, POP_BLOCK);
-    compiler_pop_fblock(c, WITH, block);
-
-    /* End of body; start the cleanup. */
-
-    /* For successful outcome:
-     * call __exit__(None, None, None)
-     */
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_call_exit_with_nones(c, loc));
-    ADDOP(c, loc, POP_TOP);
-    ADDOP_JUMP(c, loc, JUMP, exit);
-
-    /* For exceptional outcome: */
-    USE_LABEL(c, final);
-
-    ADDOP_JUMP(c, loc, SETUP_CLEANUP, cleanup);
-    ADDOP(c, loc, PUSH_EXC_INFO);
-    ADDOP(c, loc, WITH_EXCEPT_START);
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_with_except_finish(c, cleanup));
-
-    USE_LABEL(c, exit);
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static int
-compiler_visit_expr1(struct compiler *c, expr_ty e)
-{
-    location loc = LOC(e);
-    switch (e->kind) {
-    case NamedExpr_kind:
-        VISIT(c, expr, e->v.NamedExpr.value);
-        ADDOP_I(c, loc, COPY, 1);
-        VISIT(c, expr, e->v.NamedExpr.target);
-        break;
-    case BoolOp_kind:
-        return compiler_boolop(c, e);
-    case BinOp_kind:
-        VISIT(c, expr, e->v.BinOp.left);
-        VISIT(c, expr, e->v.BinOp.right);
-        ADDOP_BINARY(c, loc, e->v.BinOp.op);
-        break;
-    case UnaryOp_kind:
-        VISIT(c, expr, e->v.UnaryOp.operand);
-        if (e->v.UnaryOp.op == UAdd) {
-            ADDOP_I(c, loc, CALL_INTRINSIC_1, INTRINSIC_UNARY_POSITIVE);
-        }
-        else if (e->v.UnaryOp.op == Not) {
-            ADDOP(c, loc, TO_BOOL);
-            ADDOP(c, loc, UNARY_NOT);
-        }
-        else {
-            ADDOP(c, loc, unaryop(e->v.UnaryOp.op));
-        }
-        break;
-    case Lambda_kind:
-        return compiler_lambda(c, e);
-    case IfExp_kind:
-        return compiler_ifexp(c, e);
-    case Dict_kind:
-        return compiler_dict(c, e);
-    case Set_kind:
-        return compiler_set(c, e);
-    case GeneratorExp_kind:
-        return compiler_genexp(c, e);
-    case ListComp_kind:
-        return compiler_listcomp(c, e);
-    case SetComp_kind:
-        return compiler_setcomp(c, e);
-    case DictComp_kind:
-        return compiler_dictcomp(c, e);
-    case Yield_kind:
-        if (!_PyST_IsFunctionLike(c->u->u_ste)) {
-            return compiler_error(c, loc, "'yield' outside function");
-        }
-        if (e->v.Yield.value) {
-            VISIT(c, expr, e->v.Yield.value);
-        }
-        else {
-            ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, loc, Py_None);
-        }
-        ADDOP_YIELD(c, loc);
-        break;
-    case YieldFrom_kind:
-        if (!_PyST_IsFunctionLike(c->u->u_ste)) {
-            return compiler_error(c, loc, "'yield' outside function");
-        }
-        if (c->u->u_scope_type == COMPILER_SCOPE_ASYNC_FUNCTION) {
-            return compiler_error(c, loc, "'yield from' inside async function");
-        }
-        VISIT(c, expr, e->v.YieldFrom.value);
-        ADDOP(c, loc, GET_YIELD_FROM_ITER);
-        ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, loc, Py_None);
-        ADD_YIELD_FROM(c, loc, 0);
-        break;
-    case Await_kind:
-        if (!IS_TOP_LEVEL_AWAIT(c)){
-            if (!_PyST_IsFunctionLike(c->u->u_ste)) {
-                return compiler_error(c, loc, "'await' outside function");
-            }
-
-            if (c->u->u_scope_type != COMPILER_SCOPE_ASYNC_FUNCTION &&
-                    c->u->u_scope_type != COMPILER_SCOPE_COMPREHENSION) {
-                return compiler_error(c, loc, "'await' outside async function");
-            }
-        }
-
-        VISIT(c, expr, e->v.Await.value);
-        ADDOP_I(c, loc, GET_AWAITABLE, 0);
-        ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, loc, Py_None);
-        ADD_YIELD_FROM(c, loc, 1);
-        break;
-    case Compare_kind:
-        return compiler_compare(c, e);
-    case Call_kind:
-        return compiler_call(c, e);
-    case Constant_kind:
-        ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, loc, e->v.Constant.value);
-        break;
-    case JoinedStr_kind:
-        return compiler_joined_str(c, e);
-    case FormattedValue_kind:
-        return compiler_formatted_value(c, e);
-    /* The following exprs can be assignment targets. */
-    case Attribute_kind:
-        if (e->v.Attribute.ctx == Load && can_optimize_super_call(c, e)) {
-            RETURN_IF_ERROR(load_args_for_super(c, e->v.Attribute.value));
-            int opcode = asdl_seq_LEN(e->v.Attribute.value->v.Call.args) ?
-                LOAD_SUPER_ATTR : LOAD_ZERO_SUPER_ATTR;
-            ADDOP_NAME(c, loc, opcode, e->v.Attribute.attr, names);
-            loc = update_start_location_to_match_attr(c, loc, e);
-            ADDOP(c, loc, NOP);
-            return SUCCESS;
-        }
-        if (e->v.Attribute.value->kind == Name_kind &&
-            _PyUnicode_EqualToASCIIString(e->v.Attribute.value->v.Name.id, "self"))
-        {
-            struct compiler_unit *class_u = get_class_compiler_unit(c);
-            if (class_u != NULL) {
-                assert(class_u->u_scope_type == COMPILER_SCOPE_CLASS);
-                assert(class_u->u_static_attributes);
-                RETURN_IF_ERROR(
-                    PySet_Add(class_u->u_static_attributes, e->v.Attribute.attr));
-            }
-        }
-        VISIT(c, expr, e->v.Attribute.value);
-        loc = LOC(e);
-        loc = update_start_location_to_match_attr(c, loc, e);
-        switch (e->v.Attribute.ctx) {
-        case Load:
-            ADDOP_NAME(c, loc, LOAD_ATTR, e->v.Attribute.attr, names);
-            break;
-        case Store:
-            if (forbidden_name(c, loc, e->v.Attribute.attr, e->v.Attribute.ctx)) {
-                return ERROR;
-            }
-            ADDOP_NAME(c, loc, STORE_ATTR, e->v.Attribute.attr, names);
-            break;
-        case Del:
-            ADDOP_NAME(c, loc, DELETE_ATTR, e->v.Attribute.attr, names);
-            break;
-        }
-        break;
-    case Subscript_kind:
-        return compiler_subscript(c, e);
-    case Starred_kind:
-        switch (e->v.Starred.ctx) {
-        case Store:
-            /* In all legitimate cases, the Starred node was already replaced
-             * by compiler_list/compiler_tuple. XXX: is that okay? */
-            return compiler_error(c, loc,
-                "starred assignment target must be in a list or tuple");
-        default:
-            return compiler_error(c, loc,
-                "can't use starred expression here");
-        }
-        break;
-    case Slice_kind:
-    {
-        int n = compiler_slice(c, e);
-        RETURN_IF_ERROR(n);
-        ADDOP_I(c, loc, BUILD_SLICE, n);
-        break;
-    }
-    case Name_kind:
-        return compiler_nameop(c, loc, e->v.Name.id, e->v.Name.ctx);
-    /* child nodes of List and Tuple will have expr_context set */
-    case List_kind:
-        return compiler_list(c, e);
-    case Tuple_kind:
-        return compiler_tuple(c, e);
-    }
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static int
-compiler_visit_expr(struct compiler *c, expr_ty e)
-{
-    int res = compiler_visit_expr1(c, e);
-    return res;
-}
-
-static bool
-is_two_element_slice(expr_ty s)
-{
-    return s->kind == Slice_kind &&
-           s->v.Slice.step == NULL;
-}
-
-static int
-compiler_augassign(struct compiler *c, stmt_ty s)
-{
-    assert(s->kind == AugAssign_kind);
-    expr_ty e = s->v.AugAssign.target;
-
-    location loc = LOC(e);
-
-    switch (e->kind) {
-    case Attribute_kind:
-        VISIT(c, expr, e->v.Attribute.value);
-        ADDOP_I(c, loc, COPY, 1);
-        loc = update_start_location_to_match_attr(c, loc, e);
-        ADDOP_NAME(c, loc, LOAD_ATTR, e->v.Attribute.attr, names);
-        break;
-    case Subscript_kind:
-        VISIT(c, expr, e->v.Subscript.value);
-        if (is_two_element_slice(e->v.Subscript.slice)) {
-            RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_slice(c, e->v.Subscript.slice));
-            ADDOP_I(c, loc, COPY, 3);
-            ADDOP_I(c, loc, COPY, 3);
-            ADDOP_I(c, loc, COPY, 3);
-            ADDOP(c, loc, BINARY_SLICE);
-        }
-        else {
-            VISIT(c, expr, e->v.Subscript.slice);
-            ADDOP_I(c, loc, COPY, 2);
-            ADDOP_I(c, loc, COPY, 2);
-            ADDOP(c, loc, BINARY_SUBSCR);
-        }
-        break;
-    case Name_kind:
-        RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_nameop(c, loc, e->v.Name.id, Load));
-        break;
-    default:
-        PyErr_Format(PyExc_SystemError,
-            "invalid node type (%d) for augmented assignment",
-            e->kind);
-        return ERROR;
-    }
-
-    loc = LOC(s);
-
-    VISIT(c, expr, s->v.AugAssign.value);
-    ADDOP_INPLACE(c, loc, s->v.AugAssign.op);
-
-    loc = LOC(e);
-
-    switch (e->kind) {
-    case Attribute_kind:
-        loc = update_start_location_to_match_attr(c, loc, e);
-        ADDOP_I(c, loc, SWAP, 2);
-        ADDOP_NAME(c, loc, STORE_ATTR, e->v.Attribute.attr, names);
-        break;
-    case Subscript_kind:
-        if (is_two_element_slice(e->v.Subscript.slice)) {
-            ADDOP_I(c, loc, SWAP, 4);
-            ADDOP_I(c, loc, SWAP, 3);
-            ADDOP_I(c, loc, SWAP, 2);
-            ADDOP(c, loc, STORE_SLICE);
-        }
-        else {
-            ADDOP_I(c, loc, SWAP, 3);
-            ADDOP_I(c, loc, SWAP, 2);
-            ADDOP(c, loc, STORE_SUBSCR);
-        }
-        break;
-    case Name_kind:
-        return compiler_nameop(c, loc, e->v.Name.id, Store);
-    default:
-        Py_UNREACHABLE();
-    }
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static int
-check_ann_expr(struct compiler *c, expr_ty e)
-{
-    VISIT(c, expr, e);
-    ADDOP(c, LOC(e), POP_TOP);
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static int
-check_annotation(struct compiler *c, stmt_ty s)
-{
-    /* Annotations of complex targets does not produce anything
-       under annotations future */
-    if (c->c_future.ff_features & CO_FUTURE_ANNOTATIONS) {
-        return SUCCESS;
-    }
-
-    /* Annotations are only evaluated in a module or class. */
-    if (c->u->u_scope_type == COMPILER_SCOPE_MODULE ||
-        c->u->u_scope_type == COMPILER_SCOPE_CLASS) {
-        return check_ann_expr(c, s->v.AnnAssign.annotation);
-    }
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static int
-check_ann_subscr(struct compiler *c, expr_ty e)
-{
-    /* We check that everything in a subscript is defined at runtime. */
-    switch (e->kind) {
-    case Slice_kind:
-        if (e->v.Slice.lower && check_ann_expr(c, e->v.Slice.lower) < 0) {
-            return ERROR;
-        }
-        if (e->v.Slice.upper && check_ann_expr(c, e->v.Slice.upper) < 0) {
-            return ERROR;
-        }
-        if (e->v.Slice.step && check_ann_expr(c, e->v.Slice.step) < 0) {
-            return ERROR;
-        }
-        return SUCCESS;
-    case Tuple_kind: {
-        /* extended slice */
-        asdl_expr_seq *elts = e->v.Tuple.elts;
-        Py_ssize_t i, n = asdl_seq_LEN(elts);
-        for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-            RETURN_IF_ERROR(check_ann_subscr(c, asdl_seq_GET(elts, i)));
-        }
-        return SUCCESS;
-    }
-    default:
-        return check_ann_expr(c, e);
-    }
-}
-
-static int
-compiler_annassign(struct compiler *c, stmt_ty s)
-{
-    location loc = LOC(s);
-    expr_ty targ = s->v.AnnAssign.target;
-    PyObject* mangled;
-
-    assert(s->kind == AnnAssign_kind);
-
-    /* We perform the actual assignment first. */
-    if (s->v.AnnAssign.value) {
-        VISIT(c, expr, s->v.AnnAssign.value);
-        VISIT(c, expr, targ);
-    }
-    switch (targ->kind) {
-    case Name_kind:
-        if (forbidden_name(c, loc, targ->v.Name.id, Store)) {
-            return ERROR;
-        }
-        /* If we have a simple name in a module or class, store annotation. */
-        if (s->v.AnnAssign.simple &&
-            (c->u->u_scope_type == COMPILER_SCOPE_MODULE ||
-             c->u->u_scope_type == COMPILER_SCOPE_CLASS)) {
-            if (c->c_future.ff_features & CO_FUTURE_ANNOTATIONS) {
-                VISIT(c, annexpr, s->v.AnnAssign.annotation)
-            }
-            else {
-                VISIT(c, expr, s->v.AnnAssign.annotation);
-            }
-            ADDOP_NAME(c, loc, LOAD_NAME, &_Py_ID(__annotations__), names);
-            mangled = _Py_MaybeMangle(c->u->u_private, c->u->u_ste, targ->v.Name.id);
-            ADDOP_LOAD_CONST_NEW(c, loc, mangled);
-            ADDOP(c, loc, STORE_SUBSCR);
-        }
-        break;
-    case Attribute_kind:
-        if (forbidden_name(c, loc, targ->v.Attribute.attr, Store)) {
-            return ERROR;
-        }
-        if (!s->v.AnnAssign.value &&
-            check_ann_expr(c, targ->v.Attribute.value) < 0) {
-            return ERROR;
-        }
-        break;
-    case Subscript_kind:
-        if (!s->v.AnnAssign.value &&
-            (check_ann_expr(c, targ->v.Subscript.value) < 0 ||
-             check_ann_subscr(c, targ->v.Subscript.slice) < 0)) {
-                return ERROR;
-        }
-        break;
-    default:
-        PyErr_Format(PyExc_SystemError,
-                     "invalid node type (%d) for annotated assignment",
-                     targ->kind);
-        return ERROR;
-    }
-    /* Annotation is evaluated last. */
-    if (!s->v.AnnAssign.simple && check_annotation(c, s) < 0) {
-        return ERROR;
-    }
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-/* Raises a SyntaxError and returns 0.
-   If something goes wrong, a different exception may be raised.
-*/
-
-static int
-compiler_error(struct compiler *c, location loc,
-               const char *format, ...)
-{
-    va_list vargs;
-    va_start(vargs, format);
-    PyObject *msg = PyUnicode_FromFormatV(format, vargs);
-    va_end(vargs);
-    if (msg == NULL) {
-        return ERROR;
-    }
-    PyObject *loc_obj = PyErr_ProgramTextObject(c->c_filename, loc.lineno);
-    if (loc_obj == NULL) {
-        loc_obj = Py_None;
-    }
-    PyObject *args = Py_BuildValue("O(OiiOii)", msg, c->c_filename,
-                                   loc.lineno, loc.col_offset + 1, loc_obj,
-                                   loc.end_lineno, loc.end_col_offset + 1);
-    Py_DECREF(msg);
-    if (args == NULL) {
-        goto exit;
-    }
-    PyErr_SetObject(PyExc_SyntaxError, args);
- exit:
-    Py_DECREF(loc_obj);
-    Py_XDECREF(args);
-    return ERROR;
-}
-
-/* Emits a SyntaxWarning and returns 1 on success.
-   If a SyntaxWarning raised as error, replaces it with a SyntaxError
-   and returns 0.
-*/
-static int
-compiler_warn(struct compiler *c, location loc,
-              const char *format, ...)
-{
-    va_list vargs;
-    va_start(vargs, format);
-    PyObject *msg = PyUnicode_FromFormatV(format, vargs);
-    va_end(vargs);
-    if (msg == NULL) {
-        return ERROR;
-    }
-    if (PyErr_WarnExplicitObject(PyExc_SyntaxWarning, msg, c->c_filename,
-                                 loc.lineno, NULL, NULL) < 0)
-    {
-        if (PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_SyntaxWarning)) {
-            /* Replace the SyntaxWarning exception with a SyntaxError
-               to get a more accurate error report */
-            PyErr_Clear();
-            assert(PyUnicode_AsUTF8(msg) != NULL);
-            compiler_error(c, loc, PyUnicode_AsUTF8(msg));
-        }
-        Py_DECREF(msg);
-        return ERROR;
-    }
-    Py_DECREF(msg);
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static int
-compiler_subscript(struct compiler *c, expr_ty e)
-{
-    location loc = LOC(e);
-    expr_context_ty ctx = e->v.Subscript.ctx;
-    int op = 0;
-
-    if (ctx == Load) {
-        RETURN_IF_ERROR(check_subscripter(c, e->v.Subscript.value));
-        RETURN_IF_ERROR(check_index(c, e->v.Subscript.value, e->v.Subscript.slice));
-    }
-
-    VISIT(c, expr, e->v.Subscript.value);
-    if (is_two_element_slice(e->v.Subscript.slice) && ctx != Del) {
-        RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_slice(c, e->v.Subscript.slice));
-        if (ctx == Load) {
-            ADDOP(c, loc, BINARY_SLICE);
-        }
-        else {
-            assert(ctx == Store);
-            ADDOP(c, loc, STORE_SLICE);
-        }
-    }
-    else {
-        VISIT(c, expr, e->v.Subscript.slice);
-        switch (ctx) {
-            case Load:    op = BINARY_SUBSCR; break;
-            case Store:   op = STORE_SUBSCR; break;
-            case Del:     op = DELETE_SUBSCR; break;
-        }
-        assert(op);
-        ADDOP(c, loc, op);
-    }
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-/* Returns the number of the values emitted,
- * thus are needed to build the slice, or -1 if there is an error. */
-static int
-compiler_slice(struct compiler *c, expr_ty s)
-{
-    int n = 2;
-    assert(s->kind == Slice_kind);
-
-    /* only handles the cases where BUILD_SLICE is emitted */
-    if (s->v.Slice.lower) {
-        VISIT(c, expr, s->v.Slice.lower);
-    }
-    else {
-        ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, LOC(s), Py_None);
-    }
-
-    if (s->v.Slice.upper) {
-        VISIT(c, expr, s->v.Slice.upper);
-    }
-    else {
-        ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, LOC(s), Py_None);
-    }
-
-    if (s->v.Slice.step) {
-        n++;
-        VISIT(c, expr, s->v.Slice.step);
-    }
-    return n;
-}
-
-
-// PEP 634: Structural Pattern Matching
-
-// To keep things simple, all compiler_pattern_* and pattern_helper_* routines
-// follow the convention of consuming TOS (the subject for the given pattern)
-// and calling jump_to_fail_pop on failure (no match).
-
-// When calling into these routines, it's important that pc->on_top be kept
-// updated to reflect the current number of items that we are using on the top
-// of the stack: they will be popped on failure, and any name captures will be
-// stored *underneath* them on success. This lets us defer all names stores
-// until the *entire* pattern matches.
-
-#define WILDCARD_CHECK(N) \
-    ((N)->kind == MatchAs_kind && !(N)->v.MatchAs.name)
-
-#define WILDCARD_STAR_CHECK(N) \
-    ((N)->kind == MatchStar_kind && !(N)->v.MatchStar.name)
-
-// Limit permitted subexpressions, even if the parser & AST validator let them through
-#define MATCH_VALUE_EXPR(N) \
-    ((N)->kind == Constant_kind || (N)->kind == Attribute_kind)
-
-// Allocate or resize pc->fail_pop to allow for n items to be popped on failure.
-static int
-ensure_fail_pop(struct compiler *c, pattern_context *pc, Py_ssize_t n)
-{
-    Py_ssize_t size = n + 1;
-    if (size <= pc->fail_pop_size) {
-        return SUCCESS;
-    }
-    Py_ssize_t needed = sizeof(jump_target_label) * size;
-    jump_target_label *resized = PyMem_Realloc(pc->fail_pop, needed);
-    if (resized == NULL) {
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        return ERROR;
-    }
-    pc->fail_pop = resized;
-    while (pc->fail_pop_size < size) {
-        NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, new_block);
-        pc->fail_pop[pc->fail_pop_size++] = new_block;
-    }
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-// Use op to jump to the correct fail_pop block.
-static int
-jump_to_fail_pop(struct compiler *c, location loc,
-                 pattern_context *pc, int op)
-{
-    // Pop any items on the top of the stack, plus any objects we were going to
-    // capture on success:
-    Py_ssize_t pops = pc->on_top + PyList_GET_SIZE(pc->stores);
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(ensure_fail_pop(c, pc, pops));
-    ADDOP_JUMP(c, loc, op, pc->fail_pop[pops]);
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-// Build all of the fail_pop blocks and reset fail_pop.
-static int
-emit_and_reset_fail_pop(struct compiler *c, location loc,
-                        pattern_context *pc)
-{
-    if (!pc->fail_pop_size) {
-        assert(pc->fail_pop == NULL);
-        return SUCCESS;
-    }
-    while (--pc->fail_pop_size) {
-        USE_LABEL(c, pc->fail_pop[pc->fail_pop_size]);
-        if (codegen_addop_noarg(INSTR_SEQUENCE(c), POP_TOP, loc) < 0) {
-            pc->fail_pop_size = 0;
-            PyMem_Free(pc->fail_pop);
-            pc->fail_pop = NULL;
-            return ERROR;
-        }
-    }
-    USE_LABEL(c, pc->fail_pop[0]);
-    PyMem_Free(pc->fail_pop);
-    pc->fail_pop = NULL;
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static int
-compiler_error_duplicate_store(struct compiler *c, location loc, identifier n)
-{
-    return compiler_error(c, loc,
-        "multiple assignments to name %R in pattern", n);
-}
-
-// Duplicate the effect of 3.10's ROT_* instructions using SWAPs.
-static int
-pattern_helper_rotate(struct compiler *c, location loc, Py_ssize_t count)
-{
-    while (1 < count) {
-        ADDOP_I(c, loc, SWAP, count--);
-    }
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static int
-pattern_helper_store_name(struct compiler *c, location loc,
-                          identifier n, pattern_context *pc)
-{
-    if (n == NULL) {
-        ADDOP(c, loc, POP_TOP);
-        return SUCCESS;
-    }
-    if (forbidden_name(c, loc, n, Store)) {
-        return ERROR;
-    }
-    // Can't assign to the same name twice:
-    int duplicate = PySequence_Contains(pc->stores, n);
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(duplicate);
-    if (duplicate) {
-        return compiler_error_duplicate_store(c, loc, n);
-    }
-    // Rotate this object underneath any items we need to preserve:
-    Py_ssize_t rotations = pc->on_top + PyList_GET_SIZE(pc->stores) + 1;
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(pattern_helper_rotate(c, loc, rotations));
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(PyList_Append(pc->stores, n));
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-
-static int
-pattern_unpack_helper(struct compiler *c, location loc,
-                      asdl_pattern_seq *elts)
-{
-    Py_ssize_t n = asdl_seq_LEN(elts);
-    int seen_star = 0;
-    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        pattern_ty elt = asdl_seq_GET(elts, i);
-        if (elt->kind == MatchStar_kind && !seen_star) {
-            if ((i >= (1 << 8)) ||
-                (n-i-1 >= (INT_MAX >> 8))) {
-                return compiler_error(c, loc,
-                    "too many expressions in "
-                    "star-unpacking sequence pattern");
-            }
-            ADDOP_I(c, loc, UNPACK_EX, (i + ((n-i-1) << 8)));
-            seen_star = 1;
-        }
-        else if (elt->kind == MatchStar_kind) {
-            return compiler_error(c, loc,
-                "multiple starred expressions in sequence pattern");
-        }
-    }
-    if (!seen_star) {
-        ADDOP_I(c, loc, UNPACK_SEQUENCE, n);
-    }
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static int
-pattern_helper_sequence_unpack(struct compiler *c, location loc,
-                               asdl_pattern_seq *patterns, Py_ssize_t star,
-                               pattern_context *pc)
-{
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(pattern_unpack_helper(c, loc, patterns));
-    Py_ssize_t size = asdl_seq_LEN(patterns);
-    // We've now got a bunch of new subjects on the stack. They need to remain
-    // there after each subpattern match:
-    pc->on_top += size;
-    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {
-        // One less item to keep track of each time we loop through:
-        pc->on_top--;
-        pattern_ty pattern = asdl_seq_GET(patterns, i);
-        RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_pattern_subpattern(c, pattern, pc));
-    }
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-// Like pattern_helper_sequence_unpack, but uses BINARY_SUBSCR instead of
-// UNPACK_SEQUENCE / UNPACK_EX. This is more efficient for patterns with a
-// starred wildcard like [first, *_] / [first, *_, last] / [*_, last] / etc.
-static int
-pattern_helper_sequence_subscr(struct compiler *c, location loc,
-                               asdl_pattern_seq *patterns, Py_ssize_t star,
-                               pattern_context *pc)
-{
-    // We need to keep the subject around for extracting elements:
-    pc->on_top++;
-    Py_ssize_t size = asdl_seq_LEN(patterns);
-    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {
-        pattern_ty pattern = asdl_seq_GET(patterns, i);
-        if (WILDCARD_CHECK(pattern)) {
-            continue;
-        }
-        if (i == star) {
-            assert(WILDCARD_STAR_CHECK(pattern));
-            continue;
-        }
-        ADDOP_I(c, loc, COPY, 1);
-        if (i < star) {
-            ADDOP_LOAD_CONST_NEW(c, loc, PyLong_FromSsize_t(i));
-        }
-        else {
-            // The subject may not support negative indexing! Compute a
-            // nonnegative index:
-            ADDOP(c, loc, GET_LEN);
-            ADDOP_LOAD_CONST_NEW(c, loc, PyLong_FromSsize_t(size - i));
-            ADDOP_BINARY(c, loc, Sub);
-        }
-        ADDOP(c, loc, BINARY_SUBSCR);
-        RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_pattern_subpattern(c, pattern, pc));
-    }
-    // Pop the subject, we're done with it:
-    pc->on_top--;
-    ADDOP(c, loc, POP_TOP);
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-// Like compiler_pattern, but turn off checks for irrefutability.
-static int
-compiler_pattern_subpattern(struct compiler *c,
-                            pattern_ty p, pattern_context *pc)
-{
-    int allow_irrefutable = pc->allow_irrefutable;
-    pc->allow_irrefutable = 1;
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_pattern(c, p, pc));
-    pc->allow_irrefutable = allow_irrefutable;
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static int
-compiler_pattern_as(struct compiler *c, pattern_ty p, pattern_context *pc)
-{
-    assert(p->kind == MatchAs_kind);
-    if (p->v.MatchAs.pattern == NULL) {
-        // An irrefutable match:
-        if (!pc->allow_irrefutable) {
-            if (p->v.MatchAs.name) {
-                const char *e = "name capture %R makes remaining patterns unreachable";
-                return compiler_error(c, LOC(p), e, p->v.MatchAs.name);
+        // locals handling for names bound in comprehension (DEF_LOCAL |
+        // DEF_NONLOCAL occurs in assignment expression to nonlocal)
+        if ((symbol & DEF_LOCAL && !(symbol & DEF_NONLOCAL)) || in_class_block) {
+            if (!_PyST_IsFunctionLike(c->u->u_ste)) {
+                // non-function scope: override this name to use fast locals
+                PyObject *orig;
+                if (PyDict_GetItemRef(c->u->u_metadata.u_fasthidden, k, &orig) < 0) {
+                    return ERROR;
+                }
+                assert(orig == NULL || orig == Py_True || orig == Py_False);
+                if (orig != Py_True) {
+                    if (PyDict_SetItem(c->u->u_metadata.u_fasthidden, k, Py_True) < 0) {
+                        return ERROR;
+                    }
+                    if (state->fast_hidden == NULL) {
+                        state->fast_hidden = PySet_New(NULL);
+                        if (state->fast_hidden == NULL) {
+                            return ERROR;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if (PySet_Add(state->fast_hidden, k) < 0) {
+                        return ERROR;
+                    }
+                }
             }
-            const char *e = "wildcard makes remaining patterns unreachable";
-            return compiler_error(c, LOC(p), e);
         }
-        return pattern_helper_store_name(c, LOC(p), p->v.MatchAs.name, pc);
     }
-    // Need to make a copy for (possibly) storing later:
-    pc->on_top++;
-    ADDOP_I(c, LOC(p), COPY, 1);
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_pattern(c, p->v.MatchAs.pattern, pc));
-    // Success! Store it:
-    pc->on_top--;
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(pattern_helper_store_name(c, LOC(p), p->v.MatchAs.name, pc));
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static int
-compiler_pattern_star(struct compiler *c, pattern_ty p, pattern_context *pc)
-{
-    assert(p->kind == MatchStar_kind);
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(
-        pattern_helper_store_name(c, LOC(p), p->v.MatchStar.name, pc));
     return SUCCESS;
 }
 
-static int
-validate_kwd_attrs(struct compiler *c, asdl_identifier_seq *attrs, asdl_pattern_seq* patterns)
+int
+_PyCompile_RevertInlinedComprehensionScopes(compiler *c, location loc,
+                                             _PyCompile_InlinedComprehensionState *state)
 {
-    // Any errors will point to the pattern rather than the arg name as the
-    // parser is only supplying identifiers rather than Name or keyword nodes
-    Py_ssize_t nattrs = asdl_seq_LEN(attrs);
-    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < nattrs; i++) {
-        identifier attr = ((identifier)asdl_seq_GET(attrs, i));
-        location loc = LOC((pattern_ty) asdl_seq_GET(patterns, i));
-        if (forbidden_name(c, loc, attr, Store)) {
-            return ERROR;
+    c->u->u_in_inlined_comp--;
+    if (state->temp_symbols) {
+        PyObject *k, *v;
+        Py_ssize_t pos = 0;
+        while (PyDict_Next(state->temp_symbols, &pos, &k, &v)) {
+            if (PyDict_SetItem(c->u->u_ste->ste_symbols, k, v)) {
+                return ERROR;
+            }
         }
-        for (Py_ssize_t j = i + 1; j < nattrs; j++) {
-            identifier other = ((identifier)asdl_seq_GET(attrs, j));
-            if (!PyUnicode_Compare(attr, other)) {
-                location loc = LOC((pattern_ty) asdl_seq_GET(patterns, j));
-                compiler_error(c, loc, "attribute name repeated in class pattern: %U", attr);
+        Py_CLEAR(state->temp_symbols);
+    }
+    if (state->fast_hidden) {
+        while (PySet_Size(state->fast_hidden) > 0) {
+            PyObject *k = PySet_Pop(state->fast_hidden);
+            if (k == NULL) {
+                return ERROR;
+            }
+            // we set to False instead of clearing, so we can track which names
+            // were temporarily fast-locals and should use CO_FAST_HIDDEN
+            if (PyDict_SetItem(c->u->u_metadata.u_fasthidden, k, Py_False)) {
+                Py_DECREF(k);
                 return ERROR;
             }
+            Py_DECREF(k);
         }
+        Py_CLEAR(state->fast_hidden);
     }
     return SUCCESS;
 }
 
-static int
-compiler_pattern_class(struct compiler *c, pattern_ty p, pattern_context *pc)
+int
+_PyCompile_AddDeferredAnnotaion(compiler *c, stmt_ty s)
 {
-    assert(p->kind == MatchClass_kind);
-    asdl_pattern_seq *patterns = p->v.MatchClass.patterns;
-    asdl_identifier_seq *kwd_attrs = p->v.MatchClass.kwd_attrs;
-    asdl_pattern_seq *kwd_patterns = p->v.MatchClass.kwd_patterns;
-    Py_ssize_t nargs = asdl_seq_LEN(patterns);
-    Py_ssize_t nattrs = asdl_seq_LEN(kwd_attrs);
-    Py_ssize_t nkwd_patterns = asdl_seq_LEN(kwd_patterns);
-    if (nattrs != nkwd_patterns) {
-        // AST validator shouldn't let this happen, but if it does,
-        // just fail, don't crash out of the interpreter
-        const char * e = "kwd_attrs (%d) / kwd_patterns (%d) length mismatch in class pattern";
-        return compiler_error(c, LOC(p), e, nattrs, nkwd_patterns);
-    }
-    if (INT_MAX < nargs || INT_MAX < nargs + nattrs - 1) {
-        const char *e = "too many sub-patterns in class pattern %R";
-        return compiler_error(c, LOC(p), e, p->v.MatchClass.cls);
-    }
-    if (nattrs) {
-        RETURN_IF_ERROR(validate_kwd_attrs(c, kwd_attrs, kwd_patterns));
+    if (c->u->u_deferred_annotations == NULL) {
+        c->u->u_deferred_annotations = PyList_New(0);
+        if (c->u->u_deferred_annotations == NULL) {
+            return ERROR;
+        }
     }
-    VISIT(c, expr, p->v.MatchClass.cls);
-    PyObject *attr_names = PyTuple_New(nattrs);
-    if (attr_names == NULL) {
+    PyObject *ptr = PyLong_FromVoidPtr((void *)s);
+    if (ptr == NULL) {
         return ERROR;
     }
-    Py_ssize_t i;
-    for (i = 0; i < nattrs; i++) {
-        PyObject *name = asdl_seq_GET(kwd_attrs, i);
-        PyTuple_SET_ITEM(attr_names, i, Py_NewRef(name));
-    }
-    ADDOP_LOAD_CONST_NEW(c, LOC(p), attr_names);
-    ADDOP_I(c, LOC(p), MATCH_CLASS, nargs);
-    ADDOP_I(c, LOC(p), COPY, 1);
-    ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, LOC(p), Py_None);
-    ADDOP_I(c, LOC(p), IS_OP, 1);
-    // TOS is now a tuple of (nargs + nattrs) attributes (or None):
-    pc->on_top++;
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(jump_to_fail_pop(c, LOC(p), pc, POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE));
-    ADDOP_I(c, LOC(p), UNPACK_SEQUENCE, nargs + nattrs);
-    pc->on_top += nargs + nattrs - 1;
-    for (i = 0; i < nargs + nattrs; i++) {
-        pc->on_top--;
-        pattern_ty pattern;
-        if (i < nargs) {
-            // Positional:
-            pattern = asdl_seq_GET(patterns, i);
-        }
-        else {
-            // Keyword:
-            pattern = asdl_seq_GET(kwd_patterns, i - nargs);
-        }
-        if (WILDCARD_CHECK(pattern)) {
-            ADDOP(c, LOC(p), POP_TOP);
-            continue;
-        }
-        RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_pattern_subpattern(c, pattern, pc));
+    if (PyList_Append(c->u->u_deferred_annotations, ptr) < 0) {
+        Py_DECREF(ptr);
+        return ERROR;
     }
-    // Success! Pop the tuple of attributes:
+    Py_DECREF(ptr);
     return SUCCESS;
 }
 
-static int
-compiler_pattern_mapping(struct compiler *c, pattern_ty p,
-                         pattern_context *pc)
+/* Raises a SyntaxError and returns ERROR.
+ * If something goes wrong, a different exception may be raised.
+ */
+int
+_PyCompile_Error(compiler *c, location loc, const char *format, ...)
 {
-    assert(p->kind == MatchMapping_kind);
-    asdl_expr_seq *keys = p->v.MatchMapping.keys;
-    asdl_pattern_seq *patterns = p->v.MatchMapping.patterns;
-    Py_ssize_t size = asdl_seq_LEN(keys);
-    Py_ssize_t npatterns = asdl_seq_LEN(patterns);
-    if (size != npatterns) {
-        // AST validator shouldn't let this happen, but if it does,
-        // just fail, don't crash out of the interpreter
-        const char * e = "keys (%d) / patterns (%d) length mismatch in mapping pattern";
-        return compiler_error(c, LOC(p), e, size, npatterns);
-    }
-    // We have a double-star target if "rest" is set
-    PyObject *star_target = p->v.MatchMapping.rest;
-    // We need to keep the subject on top during the mapping and length checks:
-    pc->on_top++;
-    ADDOP(c, LOC(p), MATCH_MAPPING);
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(jump_to_fail_pop(c, LOC(p), pc, POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE));
-    if (!size && !star_target) {
-        // If the pattern is just "{}", we're done! Pop the subject:
-        pc->on_top--;
-        ADDOP(c, LOC(p), POP_TOP);
-        return SUCCESS;
-    }
-    if (size) {
-        // If the pattern has any keys in it, perform a length check:
-        ADDOP(c, LOC(p), GET_LEN);
-        ADDOP_LOAD_CONST_NEW(c, LOC(p), PyLong_FromSsize_t(size));
-        ADDOP_COMPARE(c, LOC(p), GtE);
-        RETURN_IF_ERROR(jump_to_fail_pop(c, LOC(p), pc, POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE));
-    }
-    if (INT_MAX < size - 1) {
-        return compiler_error(c, LOC(p), "too many sub-patterns in mapping pattern");
+    va_list vargs;
+    va_start(vargs, format);
+    PyObject *msg = PyUnicode_FromFormatV(format, vargs);
+    va_end(vargs);
+    if (msg == NULL) {
+        return ERROR;
     }
-    // Collect all of the keys into a tuple for MATCH_KEYS and
-    // **rest. They can either be dotted names or literals:
+    _PyErr_RaiseSyntaxError(msg, c->c_filename, loc.lineno, loc.col_offset + 1,
+                            loc.end_lineno, loc.end_col_offset + 1);
+    Py_DECREF(msg);
+    return ERROR;
+}
 
-    // Maintaining a set of Constant_kind kind keys allows us to raise a
-    // SyntaxError in the case of duplicates.
-    PyObject *seen = PySet_New(NULL);
-    if (seen == NULL) {
+/* Emits a SyntaxWarning and returns 0 on success.
+   If a SyntaxWarning raised as error, replaces it with a SyntaxError
+   and returns -1.
+*/
+int
+_PyCompile_Warn(compiler *c, location loc, const char *format, ...)
+{
+    va_list vargs;
+    va_start(vargs, format);
+    PyObject *msg = PyUnicode_FromFormatV(format, vargs);
+    va_end(vargs);
+    if (msg == NULL) {
         return ERROR;
     }
+    int ret = _PyErr_EmitSyntaxWarning(msg, c->c_filename, loc.lineno, loc.col_offset + 1,
+                                       loc.end_lineno, loc.end_col_offset + 1);
+    Py_DECREF(msg);
+    return ret;
+}
 
-    // NOTE: goto error on failure in the loop below to avoid leaking `seen`
-    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {
-        expr_ty key = asdl_seq_GET(keys, i);
-        if (key == NULL) {
-            const char *e = "can't use NULL keys in MatchMapping "
-                            "(set 'rest' parameter instead)";
-            location loc = LOC((pattern_ty) asdl_seq_GET(patterns, i));
-            compiler_error(c, loc, e);
-            goto error;
-        }
+PyObject *
+_PyCompile_Mangle(compiler *c, PyObject *name)
+{
+    return _Py_Mangle(c->u->u_private, name);
+}
 
-        if (key->kind == Constant_kind) {
-            int in_seen = PySet_Contains(seen, key->v.Constant.value);
-            if (in_seen < 0) {
-                goto error;
-            }
-            if (in_seen) {
-                const char *e = "mapping pattern checks duplicate key (%R)";
-                compiler_error(c, LOC(p), e, key->v.Constant.value);
-                goto error;
-            }
-            if (PySet_Add(seen, key->v.Constant.value)) {
-                goto error;
-            }
-        }
+PyObject *
+_PyCompile_MaybeMangle(compiler *c, PyObject *name)
+{
+    return _Py_MaybeMangle(c->u->u_private, c->u->u_ste, name);
+}
 
-        else if (key->kind != Attribute_kind) {
-            const char *e = "mapping pattern keys may only match literals and attribute lookups";
-            compiler_error(c, LOC(p), e);
-            goto error;
-        }
-        if (compiler_visit_expr(c, key) < 0) {
-            goto error;
-        }
-    }
+instr_sequence *
+_PyCompile_InstrSequence(compiler *c)
+{
+    return c->u->u_instr_sequence;
+}
 
-    // all keys have been checked; there are no duplicates
-    Py_DECREF(seen);
-
-    ADDOP_I(c, LOC(p), BUILD_TUPLE, size);
-    ADDOP(c, LOC(p), MATCH_KEYS);
-    // There's now a tuple of keys and a tuple of values on top of the subject:
-    pc->on_top += 2;
-    ADDOP_I(c, LOC(p), COPY, 1);
-    ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, LOC(p), Py_None);
-    ADDOP_I(c, LOC(p), IS_OP, 1);
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(jump_to_fail_pop(c, LOC(p), pc, POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE));
-    // So far so good. Use that tuple of values on the stack to match
-    // sub-patterns against:
-    ADDOP_I(c, LOC(p), UNPACK_SEQUENCE, size);
-    pc->on_top += size - 1;
-    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {
-        pc->on_top--;
-        pattern_ty pattern = asdl_seq_GET(patterns, i);
-        RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_pattern_subpattern(c, pattern, pc));
-    }
-    // If we get this far, it's a match! Whatever happens next should consume
-    // the tuple of keys and the subject:
-    pc->on_top -= 2;
-    if (star_target) {
-        // If we have a starred name, bind a dict of remaining items to it (this may
-        // seem a bit inefficient, but keys is rarely big enough to actually impact
-        // runtime):
-        // rest = dict(TOS1)
-        // for key in TOS:
-        //     del rest[key]
-        ADDOP_I(c, LOC(p), BUILD_MAP, 0);           // [subject, keys, empty]
-        ADDOP_I(c, LOC(p), SWAP, 3);                // [empty, keys, subject]
-        ADDOP_I(c, LOC(p), DICT_UPDATE, 2);         // [copy, keys]
-        ADDOP_I(c, LOC(p), UNPACK_SEQUENCE, size);  // [copy, keys...]
-        while (size) {
-            ADDOP_I(c, LOC(p), COPY, 1 + size--);   // [copy, keys..., copy]
-            ADDOP_I(c, LOC(p), SWAP, 2);            // [copy, keys..., copy, key]
-            ADDOP(c, LOC(p), DELETE_SUBSCR);        // [copy, keys...]
-        }
-        RETURN_IF_ERROR(pattern_helper_store_name(c, LOC(p), star_target, pc));
-    }
-    else {
-        ADDOP(c, LOC(p), POP_TOP);  // Tuple of keys.
-        ADDOP(c, LOC(p), POP_TOP);  // Subject.
-    }
-    return SUCCESS;
+int
+_PyCompile_FutureFeatures(compiler *c)
+{
+    return c->c_future.ff_features;
+}
 
-error:
-    Py_DECREF(seen);
-    return ERROR;
+struct symtable *
+_PyCompile_Symtable(compiler *c)
+{
+    return c->c_st;
 }
 
-static int
-compiler_pattern_or(struct compiler *c, pattern_ty p, pattern_context *pc)
+PySTEntryObject *
+_PyCompile_SymtableEntry(compiler *c)
 {
-    assert(p->kind == MatchOr_kind);
-    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, end);
-    Py_ssize_t size = asdl_seq_LEN(p->v.MatchOr.patterns);
-    assert(size > 1);
-    // We're going to be messing with pc. Keep the original info handy:
-    pattern_context old_pc = *pc;
-    Py_INCREF(pc->stores);
-    // control is the list of names bound by the first alternative. It is used
-    // for checking different name bindings in alternatives, and for correcting
-    // the order in which extracted elements are placed on the stack.
-    PyObject *control = NULL;
-    // NOTE: We can't use returning macros anymore! goto error on error.
-    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {
-        pattern_ty alt = asdl_seq_GET(p->v.MatchOr.patterns, i);
-        PyObject *pc_stores = PyList_New(0);
-        if (pc_stores == NULL) {
-            goto error;
-        }
-        Py_SETREF(pc->stores, pc_stores);
-        // An irrefutable sub-pattern must be last, if it is allowed at all:
-        pc->allow_irrefutable = (i == size - 1) && old_pc.allow_irrefutable;
-        pc->fail_pop = NULL;
-        pc->fail_pop_size = 0;
-        pc->on_top = 0;
-        if (codegen_addop_i(INSTR_SEQUENCE(c), COPY, 1, LOC(alt)) < 0 ||
-            compiler_pattern(c, alt, pc) < 0) {
-            goto error;
-        }
-        // Success!
-        Py_ssize_t nstores = PyList_GET_SIZE(pc->stores);
-        if (!i) {
-            // This is the first alternative, so save its stores as a "control"
-            // for the others (they can't bind a different set of names, and
-            // might need to be reordered):
-            assert(control == NULL);
-            control = Py_NewRef(pc->stores);
-        }
-        else if (nstores != PyList_GET_SIZE(control)) {
-            goto diff;
-        }
-        else if (nstores) {
-            // There were captures. Check to see if we differ from control:
-            Py_ssize_t icontrol = nstores;
-            while (icontrol--) {
-                PyObject *name = PyList_GET_ITEM(control, icontrol);
-                Py_ssize_t istores = PySequence_Index(pc->stores, name);
-                if (istores < 0) {
-                    PyErr_Clear();
-                    goto diff;
-                }
-                if (icontrol != istores) {
-                    // Reorder the names on the stack to match the order of the
-                    // names in control. There's probably a better way of doing
-                    // this; the current solution is potentially very
-                    // inefficient when each alternative subpattern binds lots
-                    // of names in different orders. It's fine for reasonable
-                    // cases, though, and the peephole optimizer will ensure
-                    // that the final code is as efficient as possible.
-                    assert(istores < icontrol);
-                    Py_ssize_t rotations = istores + 1;
-                    // Perform the same rotation on pc->stores:
-                    PyObject *rotated = PyList_GetSlice(pc->stores, 0,
-                                                        rotations);
-                    if (rotated == NULL ||
-                        PyList_SetSlice(pc->stores, 0, rotations, NULL) ||
-                        PyList_SetSlice(pc->stores, icontrol - istores,
-                                        icontrol - istores, rotated))
-                    {
-                        Py_XDECREF(rotated);
-                        goto error;
-                    }
-                    Py_DECREF(rotated);
-                    // That just did:
-                    // rotated = pc_stores[:rotations]
-                    // del pc_stores[:rotations]
-                    // pc_stores[icontrol-istores:icontrol-istores] = rotated
-                    // Do the same thing to the stack, using several
-                    // rotations:
-                    while (rotations--) {
-                        if (pattern_helper_rotate(c, LOC(alt), icontrol + 1) < 0) {
-                            goto error;
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        assert(control);
-        if (codegen_addop_j(INSTR_SEQUENCE(c), LOC(alt), JUMP, end) < 0 ||
-            emit_and_reset_fail_pop(c, LOC(alt), pc) < 0)
-        {
-            goto error;
-        }
-    }
-    Py_DECREF(pc->stores);
-    *pc = old_pc;
-    Py_INCREF(pc->stores);
-    // Need to NULL this for the PyMem_Free call in the error block.
-    old_pc.fail_pop = NULL;
-    // No match. Pop the remaining copy of the subject and fail:
-    if (codegen_addop_noarg(INSTR_SEQUENCE(c), POP_TOP, LOC(p)) < 0 ||
-        jump_to_fail_pop(c, LOC(p), pc, JUMP) < 0) {
-        goto error;
-    }
+    return c->u->u_ste;
+}
 
-    USE_LABEL(c, end);
-    Py_ssize_t nstores = PyList_GET_SIZE(control);
-    // There's a bunch of stuff on the stack between where the new stores
-    // are and where they need to be:
-    // - The other stores.
-    // - A copy of the subject.
-    // - Anything else that may be on top of the stack.
-    // - Any previous stores we've already stashed away on the stack.
-    Py_ssize_t nrots = nstores + 1 + pc->on_top + PyList_GET_SIZE(pc->stores);
-    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < nstores; i++) {
-        // Rotate this capture to its proper place on the stack:
-        if (pattern_helper_rotate(c, LOC(p), nrots) < 0) {
-            goto error;
-        }
-        // Update the list of previous stores with this new name, checking for
-        // duplicates:
-        PyObject *name = PyList_GET_ITEM(control, i);
-        int dupe = PySequence_Contains(pc->stores, name);
-        if (dupe < 0) {
-            goto error;
-        }
-        if (dupe) {
-            compiler_error_duplicate_store(c, LOC(p), name);
-            goto error;
-        }
-        if (PyList_Append(pc->stores, name)) {
-            goto error;
-        }
-    }
-    Py_DECREF(old_pc.stores);
-    Py_DECREF(control);
-    // NOTE: Returning macros are safe again.
-    // Pop the copy of the subject:
-    ADDOP(c, LOC(p), POP_TOP);
-    return SUCCESS;
-diff:
-    compiler_error(c, LOC(p), "alternative patterns bind different names");
-error:
-    PyMem_Free(old_pc.fail_pop);
-    Py_DECREF(old_pc.stores);
-    Py_XDECREF(control);
-    return ERROR;
+int
+_PyCompile_OptimizationLevel(compiler *c)
+{
+    return c->c_optimize;
 }
 
+int
+_PyCompile_IsInteractiveTopLevel(compiler *c)
+{
+    assert(c->c_stack != NULL);
+    assert(PyList_CheckExact(c->c_stack));
+    bool is_nested_scope = PyList_GET_SIZE(c->c_stack) > 0;
+    return c->c_interactive && !is_nested_scope;
+}
 
-static int
-compiler_pattern_sequence(struct compiler *c, pattern_ty p,
-                          pattern_context *pc)
+int
+_PyCompile_ScopeType(compiler *c)
 {
-    assert(p->kind == MatchSequence_kind);
-    asdl_pattern_seq *patterns = p->v.MatchSequence.patterns;
-    Py_ssize_t size = asdl_seq_LEN(patterns);
-    Py_ssize_t star = -1;
-    int only_wildcard = 1;
-    int star_wildcard = 0;
-    // Find a starred name, if it exists. There may be at most one:
-    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {
-        pattern_ty pattern = asdl_seq_GET(patterns, i);
-        if (pattern->kind == MatchStar_kind) {
-            if (star >= 0) {
-                const char *e = "multiple starred names in sequence pattern";
-                return compiler_error(c, LOC(p), e);
-            }
-            star_wildcard = WILDCARD_STAR_CHECK(pattern);
-            only_wildcard &= star_wildcard;
-            star = i;
-            continue;
-        }
-        only_wildcard &= WILDCARD_CHECK(pattern);
-    }
-    // We need to keep the subject on top during the sequence and length checks:
-    pc->on_top++;
-    ADDOP(c, LOC(p), MATCH_SEQUENCE);
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(jump_to_fail_pop(c, LOC(p), pc, POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE));
-    if (star < 0) {
-        // No star: len(subject) == size
-        ADDOP(c, LOC(p), GET_LEN);
-        ADDOP_LOAD_CONST_NEW(c, LOC(p), PyLong_FromSsize_t(size));
-        ADDOP_COMPARE(c, LOC(p), Eq);
-        RETURN_IF_ERROR(jump_to_fail_pop(c, LOC(p), pc, POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE));
-    }
-    else if (size > 1) {
-        // Star: len(subject) >= size - 1
-        ADDOP(c, LOC(p), GET_LEN);
-        ADDOP_LOAD_CONST_NEW(c, LOC(p), PyLong_FromSsize_t(size - 1));
-        ADDOP_COMPARE(c, LOC(p), GtE);
-        RETURN_IF_ERROR(jump_to_fail_pop(c, LOC(p), pc, POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE));
-    }
-    // Whatever comes next should consume the subject:
-    pc->on_top--;
-    if (only_wildcard) {
-        // Patterns like: [] / [_] / [_, _] / [*_] / [_, *_] / [_, _, *_] / etc.
-        ADDOP(c, LOC(p), POP_TOP);
-    }
-    else if (star_wildcard) {
-        RETURN_IF_ERROR(pattern_helper_sequence_subscr(c, LOC(p), patterns, star, pc));
-    }
-    else {
-        RETURN_IF_ERROR(pattern_helper_sequence_unpack(c, LOC(p), patterns, star, pc));
-    }
-    return SUCCESS;
+    return c->u->u_scope_type;
 }
 
-static int
-compiler_pattern_value(struct compiler *c, pattern_ty p, pattern_context *pc)
+int
+_PyCompile_IsInInlinedComp(compiler *c)
 {
-    assert(p->kind == MatchValue_kind);
-    expr_ty value = p->v.MatchValue.value;
-    if (!MATCH_VALUE_EXPR(value)) {
-        const char *e = "patterns may only match literals and attribute lookups";
-        return compiler_error(c, LOC(p), e);
-    }
-    VISIT(c, expr, value);
-    ADDOP_COMPARE(c, LOC(p), Eq);
-    ADDOP(c, LOC(p), TO_BOOL);
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(jump_to_fail_pop(c, LOC(p), pc, POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE));
-    return SUCCESS;
+    return c->u->u_in_inlined_comp;
 }
 
-static int
-compiler_pattern_singleton(struct compiler *c, pattern_ty p, pattern_context *pc)
+PyObject *
+_PyCompile_Qualname(compiler *c)
 {
-    assert(p->kind == MatchSingleton_kind);
-    ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, LOC(p), p->v.MatchSingleton.value);
-    ADDOP_COMPARE(c, LOC(p), Is);
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(jump_to_fail_pop(c, LOC(p), pc, POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE));
-    return SUCCESS;
+    assert(c->u->u_metadata.u_qualname);
+    return c->u->u_metadata.u_qualname;
 }
 
-static int
-compiler_pattern(struct compiler *c, pattern_ty p, pattern_context *pc)
+_PyCompile_CodeUnitMetadata *
+_PyCompile_Metadata(compiler *c)
 {
-    switch (p->kind) {
-        case MatchValue_kind:
-            return compiler_pattern_value(c, p, pc);
-        case MatchSingleton_kind:
-            return compiler_pattern_singleton(c, p, pc);
-        case MatchSequence_kind:
-            return compiler_pattern_sequence(c, p, pc);
-        case MatchMapping_kind:
-            return compiler_pattern_mapping(c, p, pc);
-        case MatchClass_kind:
-            return compiler_pattern_class(c, p, pc);
-        case MatchStar_kind:
-            return compiler_pattern_star(c, p, pc);
-        case MatchAs_kind:
-            return compiler_pattern_as(c, p, pc);
-        case MatchOr_kind:
-            return compiler_pattern_or(c, p, pc);
-    }
-    // AST validator shouldn't let this happen, but if it does,
-    // just fail, don't crash out of the interpreter
-    const char *e = "invalid match pattern node in AST (kind=%d)";
-    return compiler_error(c, LOC(p), e, p->kind);
+    return &c->u->u_metadata;
 }
 
-static int
-compiler_match_inner(struct compiler *c, stmt_ty s, pattern_context *pc)
+// Merge *obj* with constant cache, without recursion.
+int
+_PyCompile_ConstCacheMergeOne(PyObject *const_cache, PyObject **obj)
 {
-    VISIT(c, expr, s->v.Match.subject);
-    NEW_JUMP_TARGET_LABEL(c, end);
-    Py_ssize_t cases = asdl_seq_LEN(s->v.Match.cases);
-    assert(cases > 0);
-    match_case_ty m = asdl_seq_GET(s->v.Match.cases, cases - 1);
-    int has_default = WILDCARD_CHECK(m->pattern) && 1 < cases;
-    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < cases - has_default; i++) {
-        m = asdl_seq_GET(s->v.Match.cases, i);
-        // Only copy the subject if we're *not* on the last case:
-        if (i != cases - has_default - 1) {
-            ADDOP_I(c, LOC(m->pattern), COPY, 1);
-        }
-        pc->stores = PyList_New(0);
-        if (pc->stores == NULL) {
-            return ERROR;
-        }
-        // Irrefutable cases must be either guarded, last, or both:
-        pc->allow_irrefutable = m->guard != NULL || i == cases - 1;
-        pc->fail_pop = NULL;
-        pc->fail_pop_size = 0;
-        pc->on_top = 0;
-        // NOTE: Can't use returning macros here (they'll leak pc->stores)!
-        if (compiler_pattern(c, m->pattern, pc) < 0) {
-            Py_DECREF(pc->stores);
-            return ERROR;
-        }
-        assert(!pc->on_top);
-        // It's a match! Store all of the captured names (they're on the stack).
-        Py_ssize_t nstores = PyList_GET_SIZE(pc->stores);
-        for (Py_ssize_t n = 0; n < nstores; n++) {
-            PyObject *name = PyList_GET_ITEM(pc->stores, n);
-            if (compiler_nameop(c, LOC(m->pattern), name, Store) < 0) {
-                Py_DECREF(pc->stores);
-                return ERROR;
-            }
-        }
-        Py_DECREF(pc->stores);
-        // NOTE: Returning macros are safe again.
-        if (m->guard) {
-            RETURN_IF_ERROR(ensure_fail_pop(c, pc, 0));
-            RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_jump_if(c, LOC(m->pattern), m->guard, pc->fail_pop[0], 0));
-        }
-        // Success! Pop the subject off, we're done with it:
-        if (i != cases - has_default - 1) {
-            ADDOP(c, LOC(m->pattern), POP_TOP);
-        }
-        VISIT_SEQ(c, stmt, m->body);
-        ADDOP_JUMP(c, NO_LOCATION, JUMP_NO_INTERRUPT, end);
-        // If the pattern fails to match, we want the line number of the
-        // cleanup to be associated with the failed pattern, not the last line
-        // of the body
-        RETURN_IF_ERROR(emit_and_reset_fail_pop(c, LOC(m->pattern), pc));
+    PyObject *key = const_cache_insert(const_cache, *obj, false);
+    if (key == NULL) {
+        return ERROR;
     }
-    if (has_default) {
-        // A trailing "case _" is common, and lets us save a bit of redundant
-        // pushing and popping in the loop above:
-        m = asdl_seq_GET(s->v.Match.cases, cases - 1);
-        if (cases == 1) {
-            // No matches. Done with the subject:
-            ADDOP(c, LOC(m->pattern), POP_TOP);
-        }
-        else {
-            // Show line coverage for default case (it doesn't create bytecode)
-            ADDOP(c, LOC(m->pattern), NOP);
-        }
-        if (m->guard) {
-            RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_jump_if(c, LOC(m->pattern), m->guard, end, 0));
-        }
-        VISIT_SEQ(c, stmt, m->body);
+    if (PyTuple_CheckExact(key)) {
+        PyObject *item = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(key, 1);
+        Py_SETREF(*obj, Py_NewRef(item));
+        Py_DECREF(key);
+    }
+    else {
+        Py_SETREF(*obj, key);
     }
-    USE_LABEL(c, end);
     return SUCCESS;
 }
 
-static int
-compiler_match(struct compiler *c, stmt_ty s)
-{
-    pattern_context pc;
-    pc.fail_pop = NULL;
-    int result = compiler_match_inner(c, s, &pc);
-    PyMem_Free(pc.fail_pop);
-    return result;
-}
-
-#undef WILDCARD_CHECK
-#undef WILDCARD_STAR_CHECK
-
 static PyObject *
 consts_dict_keys_inorder(PyObject *dict)
 {
@@ -7401,9 +1253,10 @@ consts_dict_keys_inorder(PyObject *dict)
     if (consts == NULL)
         return NULL;
     while (PyDict_Next(dict, &pos, &k, &v)) {
-        i = PyLong_AS_LONG(v);
+        assert(PyLong_CheckExact(v));
+        i = PyLong_AsLong(v);
         /* The keys of the dictionary can be tuples wrapping a constant.
-         * (see dict_add_o and _PyCode_ConstantKey). In that case
+         * (see _PyCompile_DictAddObj and _PyCode_ConstantKey). In that case
          * the object we want is always second. */
         if (PyTuple_CheckExact(k)) {
             k = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(k, 1);
@@ -7416,18 +1269,16 @@ consts_dict_keys_inorder(PyObject *dict)
 }
 
 static int
-compute_code_flags(struct compiler *c)
+compute_code_flags(compiler *c)
 {
     PySTEntryObject *ste = c->u->u_ste;
     int flags = 0;
-    if (_PyST_IsFunctionLike(c->u->u_ste)) {
+    if (_PyST_IsFunctionLike(ste)) {
         flags |= CO_NEWLOCALS | CO_OPTIMIZED;
         if (ste->ste_nested)
             flags |= CO_NESTED;
         if (ste->ste_generator && !ste->ste_coroutine)
             flags |= CO_GENERATOR;
-        if (!ste->ste_generator && ste->ste_coroutine)
-            flags |= CO_COROUTINE;
         if (ste->ste_generator && ste->ste_coroutine)
             flags |= CO_ASYNC_GENERATOR;
         if (ste->ste_varargs)
@@ -7436,68 +1287,19 @@ compute_code_flags(struct compiler *c)
             flags |= CO_VARKEYWORDS;
     }
 
-    /* (Only) inherit compilerflags in PyCF_MASK */
-    flags |= (c->c_flags.cf_flags & PyCF_MASK);
-
-    if ((IS_TOP_LEVEL_AWAIT(c)) &&
-         ste->ste_coroutine &&
-         !ste->ste_generator) {
+    if (ste->ste_coroutine && !ste->ste_generator) {
         flags |= CO_COROUTINE;
     }
 
-    return flags;
-}
-
-// Merge *obj* with constant cache.
-// Unlike merge_consts_recursive(), this function doesn't work recursively.
-int
-_PyCompile_ConstCacheMergeOne(PyObject *const_cache, PyObject **obj)
-{
-    assert(PyDict_CheckExact(const_cache));
-    PyObject *key = _PyCode_ConstantKey(*obj);
-    if (key == NULL) {
-        return ERROR;
-    }
-
-    PyObject *t;
-    int res = PyDict_SetDefaultRef(const_cache, key, key, &t);
-    Py_DECREF(key);
-    if (res < 0) {
-        return ERROR;
-    }
-    if (res == 0) {  // inserted: obj is new constant.
-        Py_DECREF(t);
-        return SUCCESS;
-    }
-
-    if (PyTuple_CheckExact(t)) {
-        PyObject *item = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(t, 1);
-        Py_SETREF(*obj, Py_NewRef(item));
-        Py_DECREF(t);
-    }
-    else {
-        Py_SETREF(*obj, t);
-    }
-
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
+    /* (Only) inherit compilerflags in PyCF_MASK */
+    flags |= (c->c_flags.cf_flags & PyCF_MASK);
 
-static int
-add_return_at_end(struct compiler *c, int addNone)
-{
-    /* Make sure every instruction stream that falls off the end returns None.
-     * This also ensures that no jump target offsets are out of bounds.
-     */
-    if (addNone) {
-        ADDOP_LOAD_CONST(c, NO_LOCATION, Py_None);
-    }
-    ADDOP(c, NO_LOCATION, RETURN_VALUE);
-    return SUCCESS;
+    return flags;
 }
 
 static PyCodeObject *
 optimize_and_assemble_code_unit(struct compiler_unit *u, PyObject *const_cache,
-                   int code_flags, PyObject *filename)
+                                int code_flags, PyObject *filename)
 {
     cfg_builder *g = NULL;
     instr_sequence optimized_instrs;
@@ -7530,7 +1332,6 @@ optimize_and_assemble_code_unit(struct compiler_unit *u, PyObject *const_cache,
     }
 
     /** Assembly **/
-
     co = _PyAssemble_MakeCodeObject(&u->u_metadata, const_cache, consts,
                                     stackdepth, &optimized_instrs, nlocalsplus,
                                     code_flags, filename);
@@ -7542,8 +1343,9 @@ optimize_and_assemble_code_unit(struct compiler_unit *u, PyObject *const_cache,
     return co;
 }
 
-static PyCodeObject *
-optimize_and_assemble(struct compiler *c, int addNone)
+
+PyCodeObject *
+_PyCompile_OptimizeAndAssemble(compiler *c, int addNone)
 {
     struct compiler_unit *u = c->u;
     PyObject *const_cache = c->c_const_cache;
@@ -7554,13 +1356,47 @@ optimize_and_assemble(struct compiler *c, int addNone)
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    if (add_return_at_end(c, addNone) < 0) {
+    if (_PyCodegen_AddReturnAtEnd(c, addNone) < 0) {
         return NULL;
     }
 
     return optimize_and_assemble_code_unit(u, const_cache, code_flags, filename);
 }
 
+PyCodeObject *
+_PyAST_Compile(mod_ty mod, PyObject *filename, PyCompilerFlags *pflags,
+               int optimize, PyArena *arena)
+{
+    assert(!PyErr_Occurred());
+    compiler *c = new_compiler(mod, filename, pflags, optimize, arena);
+    if (c == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    PyCodeObject *co = compiler_mod(c, mod);
+    compiler_free(c);
+    assert(co || PyErr_Occurred());
+    return co;
+}
+
+int
+_PyCompile_AstOptimize(mod_ty mod, PyObject *filename, PyCompilerFlags *cf,
+                       int optimize, PyArena *arena)
+{
+    _PyFutureFeatures future;
+    if (!_PyFuture_FromAST(mod, filename, &future)) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    int flags = future.ff_features | cf->cf_flags;
+    if (optimize == -1) {
+        optimize = _Py_GetConfig()->optimization_level;
+    }
+    if (!_PyAST_Optimize(mod, arena, optimize, flags)) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
 // C implementation of inspect.cleandoc()
 //
 // Difference from inspect.cleandoc():
@@ -7657,7 +1493,6 @@ _PyCompile_CleanDoc(PyObject *doc)
  * returns the unoptimized CFG as an instruction list.
  *
  */
-
 PyObject *
 _PyCompile_CodeGen(PyObject *ast, PyObject *filename, PyCompilerFlags *pflags,
                    int optimize, int compile_mode)
@@ -7681,7 +1516,7 @@ _PyCompile_CodeGen(PyObject *ast, PyObject *filename, PyCompilerFlags *pflags,
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    struct compiler *c = new_compiler(mod, filename, pflags, optimize, arena);
+    compiler *c = new_compiler(mod, filename, pflags, optimize, arena);
     if (c == NULL) {
         _PyArena_Free(arena);
         return NULL;
@@ -7693,30 +1528,13 @@ _PyCompile_CodeGen(PyObject *ast, PyObject *filename, PyCompilerFlags *pflags,
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    if (compiler_enter_anonymous_scope(c, mod) < 0) {
-        return NULL;
-    }
     if (compiler_codegen(c, mod) < 0) {
         goto finally;
     }
 
     _PyCompile_CodeUnitMetadata *umd = &c->u->u_metadata;
 
-#define SET_MATADATA_ITEM(key, value) \
-    if (value != NULL) { \
-        if (PyDict_SetItemString(metadata, key, value) < 0) goto finally; \
-    }
-
-    SET_MATADATA_ITEM("name", umd->u_name);
-    SET_MATADATA_ITEM("qualname", umd->u_qualname);
-    SET_MATADATA_ITEM("consts", umd->u_consts);
-    SET_MATADATA_ITEM("names", umd->u_names);
-    SET_MATADATA_ITEM("varnames", umd->u_varnames);
-    SET_MATADATA_ITEM("cellvars", umd->u_cellvars);
-    SET_MATADATA_ITEM("freevars", umd->u_freevars);
-#undef SET_MATADATA_ITEM
-
-#define SET_MATADATA_INT(key, value) do { \
+#define SET_METADATA_INT(key, value) do { \
         PyObject *v = PyLong_FromLong((long)value); \
         if (v == NULL) goto finally; \
         int res = PyDict_SetItemString(metadata, key, v); \
@@ -7724,25 +1542,25 @@ _PyCompile_CodeGen(PyObject *ast, PyObject *filename, PyCompilerFlags *pflags,
         if (res < 0) goto finally; \
     } while (0);
 
-    SET_MATADATA_INT("argcount", umd->u_argcount);
-    SET_MATADATA_INT("posonlyargcount", umd->u_posonlyargcount);
-    SET_MATADATA_INT("kwonlyargcount", umd->u_kwonlyargcount);
-#undef SET_MATADATA_INT
+    SET_METADATA_INT("argcount", umd->u_argcount);
+    SET_METADATA_INT("posonlyargcount", umd->u_posonlyargcount);
+    SET_METADATA_INT("kwonlyargcount", umd->u_kwonlyargcount);
+#undef SET_METADATA_INT
 
     int addNone = mod->kind != Expression_kind;
-    if (add_return_at_end(c, addNone) < 0) {
+    if (_PyCodegen_AddReturnAtEnd(c, addNone) < 0) {
         goto finally;
     }
 
-    if (_PyInstructionSequence_ApplyLabelMap(INSTR_SEQUENCE(c)) < 0) {
+    if (_PyInstructionSequence_ApplyLabelMap(_PyCompile_InstrSequence(c)) < 0) {
         return NULL;
     }
     /* Allocate a copy of the instruction sequence on the heap */
-    res = PyTuple_Pack(2, INSTR_SEQUENCE(c), metadata);
+    res = PyTuple_Pack(2, _PyCompile_InstrSequence(c), metadata);
 
 finally:
     Py_XDECREF(metadata);
-    compiler_exit_scope(c);
+    _PyCompile_ExitScope(c);
     compiler_free(c);
     _PyArena_Free(arena);
     return res;
@@ -7801,7 +1619,6 @@ _PyCompile_Assemble(_PyCompile_CodeUnitMetadata *umd, PyObject *filename,
     return co;
 }
 
-
 /* Retained for API compatibility.
  * Optimization is now done in _PyCfg_OptimizeCodeUnit */
 
diff --git a/Python/context.c b/Python/context.c
index 3937819b3c386c..95aa82206270f9 100644
--- a/Python/context.c
+++ b/Python/context.c
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include "Python.h"
 #include "pycore_call.h"          // _PyObject_VectorcallTstate()
 #include "pycore_context.h"
+#include "pycore_freelist.h"      // _Py_FREELIST_FREE(), _Py_FREELIST_POP()
 #include "pycore_gc.h"            // _PyObject_GC_MAY_BE_TRACKED()
 #include "pycore_hamt.h"
 #include "pycore_initconfig.h"    // _PyStatus_OK()
@@ -64,16 +65,6 @@ static int
 contextvar_del(PyContextVar *var);
 
 
-#ifdef WITH_FREELISTS
-static struct _Py_context_freelist *
-get_context_freelist(void)
-{
-    struct _Py_object_freelists *freelists = _Py_object_freelists_GET();
-    return &freelists->contexts;
-}
-#endif
-
-
 PyObject *
 _PyContext_NewHamtForTests(void)
 {
@@ -108,6 +99,96 @@ PyContext_CopyCurrent(void)
     return (PyObject *)context_new_from_vars(ctx->ctx_vars);
 }
 
+static const char *
+context_event_name(PyContextEvent event) {
+    switch (event) {
+        case Py_CONTEXT_SWITCHED:
+            return "Py_CONTEXT_SWITCHED";
+        default:
+            return "?";
+    }
+    Py_UNREACHABLE();
+}
+
+static void
+notify_context_watchers(PyThreadState *ts, PyContextEvent event, PyObject *ctx)
+{
+    if (ctx == NULL) {
+        // This will happen after exiting the last context in the stack, which
+        // can occur if context_get was never called before entering a context
+        // (e.g., called `contextvars.Context().run()` on a fresh thread, as
+        // PyContext_Enter doesn't call context_get).
+        ctx = Py_None;
+    }
+    assert(Py_REFCNT(ctx) > 0);
+    PyInterpreterState *interp = ts->interp;
+    assert(interp->_initialized);
+    uint8_t bits = interp->active_context_watchers;
+    int i = 0;
+    while (bits) {
+        assert(i < CONTEXT_MAX_WATCHERS);
+        if (bits & 1) {
+            PyContext_WatchCallback cb = interp->context_watchers[i];
+            assert(cb != NULL);
+            if (cb(event, ctx) < 0) {
+                PyErr_FormatUnraisable(
+                    "Exception ignored in %s watcher callback for %R",
+                    context_event_name(event), ctx);
+            }
+        }
+        i++;
+        bits >>= 1;
+    }
+}
+
+
+int
+PyContext_AddWatcher(PyContext_WatchCallback callback)
+{
+    PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
+    assert(interp->_initialized);
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < CONTEXT_MAX_WATCHERS; i++) {
+        if (!interp->context_watchers[i]) {
+            interp->context_watchers[i] = callback;
+            interp->active_context_watchers |= (1 << i);
+            return i;
+        }
+    }
+
+    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "no more context watcher IDs available");
+    return -1;
+}
+
+
+int
+PyContext_ClearWatcher(int watcher_id)
+{
+    PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
+    assert(interp->_initialized);
+    if (watcher_id < 0 || watcher_id >= CONTEXT_MAX_WATCHERS) {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError, "Invalid context watcher ID %d", watcher_id);
+        return -1;
+    }
+    if (!interp->context_watchers[watcher_id]) {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError, "No context watcher set for ID %d", watcher_id);
+        return -1;
+    }
+    interp->context_watchers[watcher_id] = NULL;
+    interp->active_context_watchers &= ~(1 << watcher_id);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+static inline void
+context_switched(PyThreadState *ts)
+{
+    ts->context_ver++;
+    // ts->context is used instead of context_get() because context_get() might
+    // throw if ts->context is NULL.
+    notify_context_watchers(ts, Py_CONTEXT_SWITCHED, ts->context);
+}
+
 
 static int
 _PyContext_Enter(PyThreadState *ts, PyObject *octx)
@@ -125,8 +206,7 @@ _PyContext_Enter(PyThreadState *ts, PyObject *octx)
     ctx->ctx_entered = 1;
 
     ts->context = Py_NewRef(ctx);
-    ts->context_ver++;
-
+    context_switched(ts);
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -161,11 +241,10 @@ _PyContext_Exit(PyThreadState *ts, PyObject *octx)
     }
 
     Py_SETREF(ts->context, (PyObject *)ctx->ctx_prev);
-    ts->context_ver++;
 
     ctx->ctx_prev = NULL;
     ctx->ctx_entered = 0;
-
+    context_switched(ts);
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -203,6 +282,7 @@ PyContextVar_Get(PyObject *ovar, PyObject *def, PyObject **val)
         goto not_found;
     }
 
+#ifndef Py_GIL_DISABLED
     if (var->var_cached != NULL &&
             var->var_cached_tsid == ts->id &&
             var->var_cached_tsver == ts->context_ver)
@@ -210,6 +290,7 @@ PyContextVar_Get(PyObject *ovar, PyObject *def, PyObject **val)
         *val = var->var_cached;
         goto found;
     }
+#endif
 
     assert(PyContext_CheckExact(ts->context));
     PyHamtObject *vars = ((PyContext *)ts->context)->ctx_vars;
@@ -221,9 +302,11 @@ PyContextVar_Get(PyObject *ovar, PyObject *def, PyObject **val)
     }
     if (res == 1) {
         assert(found != NULL);
+#ifndef Py_GIL_DISABLED
         var->var_cached = found;  /* borrow */
         var->var_cached_tsid = ts->id;
         var->var_cached_tsver = ts->context_ver;
+#endif
 
         *val = found;
         goto found;
@@ -339,20 +422,8 @@ class _contextvars.Context "PyContext *" "&PyContext_Type"
 static inline PyContext *
 _context_alloc(void)
 {
-    PyContext *ctx;
-#ifdef WITH_FREELISTS
-    struct _Py_context_freelist *context_freelist = get_context_freelist();
-    if (context_freelist->numfree > 0) {
-        context_freelist->numfree--;
-        ctx = context_freelist->items;
-        context_freelist->items = (PyContext *)ctx->ctx_weakreflist;
-        OBJECT_STAT_INC(from_freelist);
-        ctx->ctx_weakreflist = NULL;
-        _Py_NewReference((PyObject *)ctx);
-    }
-    else
-#endif
-    {
+    PyContext *ctx = _Py_FREELIST_POP(PyContext, contexts);
+    if (ctx == NULL) {
         ctx = PyObject_GC_New(PyContext, &PyContext_Type);
         if (ctx == NULL) {
             return NULL;
@@ -467,19 +538,7 @@ context_tp_dealloc(PyContext *self)
     }
     (void)context_tp_clear(self);
 
-#ifdef WITH_FREELISTS
-    struct _Py_context_freelist *context_freelist = get_context_freelist();
-    if (context_freelist->numfree >= 0 && context_freelist->numfree < PyContext_MAXFREELIST) {
-        context_freelist->numfree++;
-        self->ctx_weakreflist = (PyObject *)context_freelist->items;
-        context_freelist->items = self;
-        OBJECT_STAT_INC(to_freelist);
-    }
-    else
-#endif
-    {
-        Py_TYPE(self)->tp_free(self);
-    }
+    _Py_FREELIST_FREE(contexts, self, Py_TYPE(self)->tp_free);
 }
 
 static PyObject *
@@ -661,6 +720,7 @@ context_run(PyContext *self, PyObject *const *args,
         ts, args[0], args + 1, nargs - 1, kwnames);
 
     if (_PyContext_Exit(ts, (PyObject *)self)) {
+        Py_XDECREF(call_result);
         return NULL;
     }
 
@@ -722,8 +782,10 @@ PyTypeObject PyContext_Type = {
 static int
 contextvar_set(PyContextVar *var, PyObject *val)
 {
+#ifndef Py_GIL_DISABLED
     var->var_cached = NULL;
     PyThreadState *ts = _PyThreadState_GET();
+#endif
 
     PyContext *ctx = context_get();
     if (ctx == NULL) {
@@ -738,16 +800,20 @@ contextvar_set(PyContextVar *var, PyObject *val)
 
     Py_SETREF(ctx->ctx_vars, new_vars);
 
+#ifndef Py_GIL_DISABLED
     var->var_cached = val;  /* borrow */
     var->var_cached_tsid = ts->id;
     var->var_cached_tsver = ts->context_ver;
+#endif
     return 0;
 }
 
 static int
 contextvar_del(PyContextVar *var)
 {
+#ifndef Py_GIL_DISABLED
     var->var_cached = NULL;
+#endif
 
     PyContext *ctx = context_get();
     if (ctx == NULL) {
@@ -822,9 +888,11 @@ contextvar_new(PyObject *name, PyObject *def)
 
     var->var_default = Py_XNewRef(def);
 
+#ifndef Py_GIL_DISABLED
     var->var_cached = NULL;
     var->var_cached_tsid = 0;
     var->var_cached_tsver = 0;
+#endif
 
     if (_PyObject_GC_MAY_BE_TRACKED(name) ||
             (def != NULL && _PyObject_GC_MAY_BE_TRACKED(def)))
@@ -862,9 +930,11 @@ contextvar_tp_clear(PyContextVar *self)
 {
     Py_CLEAR(self->var_name);
     Py_CLEAR(self->var_default);
+#ifndef Py_GIL_DISABLED
     self->var_cached = NULL;
     self->var_cached_tsid = 0;
     self->var_cached_tsver = 0;
+#endif
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -893,56 +963,39 @@ contextvar_tp_hash(PyContextVar *self)
 static PyObject *
 contextvar_tp_repr(PyContextVar *self)
 {
-    _PyUnicodeWriter writer;
-
-    _PyUnicodeWriter_Init(&writer);
-
-    if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteASCIIString(
-            &writer, "<ContextVar name=", 17) < 0)
-    {
-        goto error;
+    // Estimation based on the shortest name and default value,
+    // but maximize the pointer size.
+    // "<ContextVar name='a' at 0x1234567812345678>"
+    // "<ContextVar name='a' default=1 at 0x1234567812345678>"
+    Py_ssize_t estimate = self->var_default ? 53 : 43;
+    PyUnicodeWriter *writer = PyUnicodeWriter_Create(estimate);
+    if (writer == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
     }
 
-    PyObject *name = PyObject_Repr(self->var_name);
-    if (name == NULL) {
+    if (PyUnicodeWriter_WriteUTF8(writer, "<ContextVar name=", 17) < 0) {
         goto error;
     }
-    if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteStr(&writer, name) < 0) {
-        Py_DECREF(name);
+    if (PyUnicodeWriter_WriteRepr(writer, self->var_name) < 0) {
         goto error;
     }
-    Py_DECREF(name);
 
     if (self->var_default != NULL) {
-        if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteASCIIString(&writer, " default=", 9) < 0) {
+        if (PyUnicodeWriter_WriteUTF8(writer, " default=", 9) < 0) {
             goto error;
         }
-
-        PyObject *def = PyObject_Repr(self->var_default);
-        if (def == NULL) {
+        if (PyUnicodeWriter_WriteRepr(writer, self->var_default) < 0) {
             goto error;
         }
-        if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteStr(&writer, def) < 0) {
-            Py_DECREF(def);
-            goto error;
-        }
-        Py_DECREF(def);
     }
 
-    PyObject *addr = PyUnicode_FromFormat(" at %p>", self);
-    if (addr == NULL) {
+    if (PyUnicodeWriter_Format(writer, " at %p>", self) < 0) {
         goto error;
     }
-    if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteStr(&writer, addr) < 0) {
-        Py_DECREF(addr);
-        goto error;
-    }
-    Py_DECREF(addr);
-
-    return _PyUnicodeWriter_Finish(&writer);
+    return PyUnicodeWriter_Finish(writer);
 
 error:
-    _PyUnicodeWriter_Dealloc(&writer);
+    PyUnicodeWriter_Discard(writer);
     return NULL;
 }
 
@@ -1113,48 +1166,31 @@ token_tp_dealloc(PyContextToken *self)
 static PyObject *
 token_tp_repr(PyContextToken *self)
 {
-    _PyUnicodeWriter writer;
-
-    _PyUnicodeWriter_Init(&writer);
-
-    if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteASCIIString(&writer, "<Token", 6) < 0) {
+    PyUnicodeWriter *writer = PyUnicodeWriter_Create(0);
+    if (writer == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if (PyUnicodeWriter_WriteUTF8(writer, "<Token", 6) < 0) {
         goto error;
     }
-
     if (self->tok_used) {
-        if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteASCIIString(&writer, " used", 5) < 0) {
+        if (PyUnicodeWriter_WriteUTF8(writer, " used", 5) < 0) {
             goto error;
         }
     }
-
-    if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteASCIIString(&writer, " var=", 5) < 0) {
-        goto error;
-    }
-
-    PyObject *var = PyObject_Repr((PyObject *)self->tok_var);
-    if (var == NULL) {
-        goto error;
-    }
-    if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteStr(&writer, var) < 0) {
-        Py_DECREF(var);
+    if (PyUnicodeWriter_WriteUTF8(writer, " var=", 5) < 0) {
         goto error;
     }
-    Py_DECREF(var);
-
-    PyObject *addr = PyUnicode_FromFormat(" at %p>", self);
-    if (addr == NULL) {
+    if (PyUnicodeWriter_WriteRepr(writer, (PyObject *)self->tok_var) < 0) {
         goto error;
     }
-    if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteStr(&writer, addr) < 0) {
-        Py_DECREF(addr);
+    if (PyUnicodeWriter_Format(writer, " at %p>", self) < 0) {
         goto error;
     }
-    Py_DECREF(addr);
-
-    return _PyUnicodeWriter_Finish(&writer);
+    return PyUnicodeWriter_Finish(writer);
 
 error:
-    _PyUnicodeWriter_Dealloc(&writer);
+    PyUnicodeWriter_Discard(writer);
     return NULL;
 }
 
@@ -1266,24 +1302,6 @@ get_token_missing(void)
 ///////////////////////////
 
 
-void
-_PyContext_ClearFreeList(struct _Py_object_freelists *freelists, int is_finalization)
-{
-#ifdef WITH_FREELISTS
-    struct _Py_context_freelist *state = &freelists->contexts;
-    for (; state->numfree > 0; state->numfree--) {
-        PyContext *ctx = state->items;
-        state->items = (PyContext *)ctx->ctx_weakreflist;
-        ctx->ctx_weakreflist = NULL;
-        PyObject_GC_Del(ctx);
-    }
-    if (is_finalization) {
-        state->numfree = -1;
-    }
-#endif
-}
-
-
 PyStatus
 _PyContext_Init(PyInterpreterState *interp)
 {
diff --git a/Python/critical_section.c b/Python/critical_section.c
index 2214d80eeb297b..62ed25523fd6dc 100644
--- a/Python/critical_section.c
+++ b/Python/critical_section.c
@@ -3,85 +3,96 @@
 #include "pycore_lock.h"
 #include "pycore_critical_section.h"
 
-static_assert(_Alignof(_PyCriticalSection) >= 4,
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+static_assert(_Alignof(PyCriticalSection) >= 4,
               "critical section must be aligned to at least 4 bytes");
+#endif
 
 void
-_PyCriticalSection_BeginSlow(_PyCriticalSection *c, PyMutex *m)
+_PyCriticalSection_BeginSlow(PyCriticalSection *c, PyMutex *m)
 {
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
     PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
-    c->mutex = NULL;
-    c->prev = (uintptr_t)tstate->critical_section;
+    c->_cs_mutex = NULL;
+    c->_cs_prev = (uintptr_t)tstate->critical_section;
     tstate->critical_section = (uintptr_t)c;
 
-    _PyMutex_LockSlow(m);
-    c->mutex = m;
+    PyMutex_Lock(m);
+    c->_cs_mutex = m;
+#endif
 }
 
 void
-_PyCriticalSection2_BeginSlow(_PyCriticalSection2 *c, PyMutex *m1, PyMutex *m2,
+_PyCriticalSection2_BeginSlow(PyCriticalSection2 *c, PyMutex *m1, PyMutex *m2,
                               int is_m1_locked)
 {
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
     PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
-    c->base.mutex = NULL;
-    c->mutex2 = NULL;
-    c->base.prev = tstate->critical_section;
+    c->_cs_base._cs_mutex = NULL;
+    c->_cs_mutex2 = NULL;
+    c->_cs_base._cs_prev = tstate->critical_section;
     tstate->critical_section = (uintptr_t)c | _Py_CRITICAL_SECTION_TWO_MUTEXES;
 
     if (!is_m1_locked) {
         PyMutex_Lock(m1);
     }
     PyMutex_Lock(m2);
-    c->base.mutex = m1;
-    c->mutex2 = m2;
+    c->_cs_base._cs_mutex = m1;
+    c->_cs_mutex2 = m2;
+#endif
 }
 
-static _PyCriticalSection *
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+static PyCriticalSection *
 untag_critical_section(uintptr_t tag)
 {
-    return (_PyCriticalSection *)(tag & ~_Py_CRITICAL_SECTION_MASK);
+    return (PyCriticalSection *)(tag & ~_Py_CRITICAL_SECTION_MASK);
 }
+#endif
 
 // Release all locks held by critical sections. This is called by
 // _PyThreadState_Detach.
 void
 _PyCriticalSection_SuspendAll(PyThreadState *tstate)
 {
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
     uintptr_t *tagptr = &tstate->critical_section;
     while (_PyCriticalSection_IsActive(*tagptr)) {
-        _PyCriticalSection *c = untag_critical_section(*tagptr);
+        PyCriticalSection *c = untag_critical_section(*tagptr);
 
-        if (c->mutex) {
-            PyMutex_Unlock(c->mutex);
+        if (c->_cs_mutex) {
+            PyMutex_Unlock(c->_cs_mutex);
             if ((*tagptr & _Py_CRITICAL_SECTION_TWO_MUTEXES)) {
-                _PyCriticalSection2 *c2 = (_PyCriticalSection2 *)c;
-                if (c2->mutex2) {
-                    PyMutex_Unlock(c2->mutex2);
+                PyCriticalSection2 *c2 = (PyCriticalSection2 *)c;
+                if (c2->_cs_mutex2) {
+                    PyMutex_Unlock(c2->_cs_mutex2);
                 }
             }
         }
 
         *tagptr |= _Py_CRITICAL_SECTION_INACTIVE;
-        tagptr = &c->prev;
+        tagptr = &c->_cs_prev;
     }
+#endif
 }
 
 void
 _PyCriticalSection_Resume(PyThreadState *tstate)
 {
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
     uintptr_t p = tstate->critical_section;
-    _PyCriticalSection *c = untag_critical_section(p);
+    PyCriticalSection *c = untag_critical_section(p);
     assert(!_PyCriticalSection_IsActive(p));
 
-    PyMutex *m1 = c->mutex;
-    c->mutex = NULL;
+    PyMutex *m1 = c->_cs_mutex;
+    c->_cs_mutex = NULL;
 
     PyMutex *m2 = NULL;
-    _PyCriticalSection2 *c2 = NULL;
+    PyCriticalSection2 *c2 = NULL;
     if ((p & _Py_CRITICAL_SECTION_TWO_MUTEXES)) {
-        c2 = (_PyCriticalSection2 *)c;
-        m2 = c2->mutex2;
-        c2->mutex2 = NULL;
+        c2 = (PyCriticalSection2 *)c;
+        m2 = c2->_cs_mutex2;
+        c2->_cs_mutex2 = NULL;
     }
 
     if (m1) {
@@ -91,10 +102,47 @@ _PyCriticalSection_Resume(PyThreadState *tstate)
         PyMutex_Lock(m2);
     }
 
-    c->mutex = m1;
+    c->_cs_mutex = m1;
     if (m2) {
-        c2->mutex2 = m2;
+        c2->_cs_mutex2 = m2;
     }
 
     tstate->critical_section &= ~_Py_CRITICAL_SECTION_INACTIVE;
+#endif
+}
+
+#undef PyCriticalSection_Begin
+void
+PyCriticalSection_Begin(PyCriticalSection *c, PyObject *op)
+{
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    _PyCriticalSection_Begin(c, op);
+#endif
+}
+
+#undef PyCriticalSection_End
+void
+PyCriticalSection_End(PyCriticalSection *c)
+{
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    _PyCriticalSection_End(c);
+#endif
+}
+
+#undef PyCriticalSection2_Begin
+void
+PyCriticalSection2_Begin(PyCriticalSection2 *c, PyObject *a, PyObject *b)
+{
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    _PyCriticalSection2_Begin(c, a, b);
+#endif
+}
+
+#undef PyCriticalSection2_End
+void
+PyCriticalSection2_End(PyCriticalSection2 *c)
+{
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    _PyCriticalSection2_End(c);
+#endif
 }
diff --git a/Python/crossinterp.c b/Python/crossinterp.c
index 367e29d40d895a..0aca322d987dba 100644
--- a/Python/crossinterp.c
+++ b/Python/crossinterp.c
@@ -699,7 +699,7 @@ _PyXI_excinfo_InitFromException(_PyXI_excinfo *info, PyObject *exc)
         Py_DECREF(tbexc);
         if (info->errdisplay == NULL) {
 #ifdef Py_DEBUG
-            PyErr_FormatUnraisable("Exception ignored while formating TracebackException");
+            PyErr_FormatUnraisable("Exception ignored while formatting TracebackException");
 #endif
             PyErr_Clear();
         }
@@ -969,7 +969,7 @@ _PyXI_ApplyErrorCode(_PyXI_errcode code, PyInterpreterState *interp)
 {
     assert(!PyErr_Occurred());
     switch (code) {
-    case _PyXI_ERR_NO_ERROR:  // fall through
+    case _PyXI_ERR_NO_ERROR: _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
     case _PyXI_ERR_UNCAUGHT_EXCEPTION:
         // There is nothing to apply.
 #ifdef Py_DEBUG
@@ -1544,8 +1544,7 @@ _enter_session(_PyXI_session *session, PyInterpreterState *interp)
     PyThreadState *tstate = PyThreadState_Get();
     PyThreadState *prev = tstate;
     if (interp != tstate->interp) {
-        tstate = PyThreadState_New(interp);
-        _PyThreadState_SetWhence(tstate, _PyThreadState_WHENCE_EXEC);
+        tstate = _PyThreadState_NewBound(interp, _PyThreadState_WHENCE_EXEC);
         // XXX Possible GILState issues?
         session->prev_tstate = PyThreadState_Swap(tstate);
         assert(session->prev_tstate == prev);
@@ -1895,8 +1894,7 @@ _PyXI_EndInterpreter(PyInterpreterState *interp,
             tstate = cur_tstate;
         }
         else {
-            tstate = PyThreadState_New(interp);
-            _PyThreadState_SetWhence(tstate, _PyThreadState_WHENCE_INTERP);
+            tstate = _PyThreadState_NewBound(interp, _PyThreadState_WHENCE_FINI);
             assert(tstate != NULL);
             save_tstate = PyThreadState_Swap(tstate);
         }
diff --git a/Python/dtoa.c b/Python/dtoa.c
index 8bba06d3b23289..d0c89b2b468f75 100644
--- a/Python/dtoa.c
+++ b/Python/dtoa.c
@@ -1405,7 +1405,7 @@ _Py_dg_strtod(const char *s00, char **se)
     switch (c) {
     case '-':
         sign = 1;
-        /* fall through */
+        _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
     case '+':
         c = *++s;
     }
@@ -1474,7 +1474,7 @@ _Py_dg_strtod(const char *s00, char **se)
         switch (c) {
         case '-':
             esign = 1;
-            /* fall through */
+            _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
         case '+':
             c = *++s;
         }
@@ -2362,7 +2362,7 @@ _Py_dg_dtoa(double dd, int mode, int ndigits,
         break;
     case 2:
         leftright = 0;
-        /* fall through */
+        _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
     case 4:
         if (ndigits <= 0)
             ndigits = 1;
@@ -2370,7 +2370,7 @@ _Py_dg_dtoa(double dd, int mode, int ndigits,
         break;
     case 3:
         leftright = 0;
-        /* fall through */
+        _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
     case 5:
         i = ndigits + k + 1;
         ilim = i;
diff --git a/Python/emscripten_trampoline.c b/Python/emscripten_trampoline.c
index 2a80ec4f18d757..960c6b4a2ef995 100644
--- a/Python/emscripten_trampoline.c
+++ b/Python/emscripten_trampoline.c
@@ -10,7 +10,17 @@
  * https://github.com/GoogleChromeLabs/wasm-feature-detect/blob/main/src/detectors/type-reflection/index.js
  */
 EM_JS(int, _PyEM_detect_type_reflection, (), {
-    return "Function" in WebAssembly;
+    if (!("Function" in WebAssembly)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (WebAssembly.Function.type) {
+        // Node v20
+        Module.PyEM_CountArgs = (func) => WebAssembly.Function.type(wasmTable.get(func)).parameters.length;
+    } else {
+        // Node >= 22, v8-based browsers
+        Module.PyEM_CountArgs = (func) => wasmTable.get(func).type().parameters.length;
+    }
+    return true;
 });
 
 void
@@ -43,7 +53,7 @@ EM_JS(int, _PyEM_CountFuncParams, (PyCFunctionWithKeywords func),
     if (n !== undefined) {
         return n;
     }
-    n = WebAssembly.Function.type(wasmTable.get(func)).parameters.length;
+    n = Module.PyEM_CountArgs(func);
     _PyEM_CountFuncParams.cache.set(func, n);
     return n;
 }
diff --git a/Python/errors.c b/Python/errors.c
index ad6b7dbef075cc..7f3b4aabc432d7 100644
--- a/Python/errors.c
+++ b/Python/errors.c
@@ -2,12 +2,13 @@
 /* Error handling */
 
 #include "Python.h"
+#include "pycore_audit.h"         // _PySys_Audit()
 #include "pycore_call.h"          // _PyObject_CallNoArgs()
 #include "pycore_initconfig.h"    // _PyStatus_ERR()
 #include "pycore_pyerrors.h"      // _PyErr_Format()
 #include "pycore_pystate.h"       // _PyThreadState_GET()
 #include "pycore_structseq.h"     // _PyStructSequence_FiniBuiltin()
-#include "pycore_sysmodule.h"     // _PySys_Audit()
+#include "pycore_sysmodule.h"     // _PySys_GetAttr()
 #include "pycore_traceback.h"     // _PyTraceBack_FromFrame()
 
 #ifdef MS_WINDOWS
@@ -1850,6 +1851,52 @@ PyErr_SyntaxLocationEx(const char *filename, int lineno, int col_offset)
     Py_XDECREF(fileobj);
 }
 
+/* Raises a SyntaxError.
+ * If something goes wrong, a different exception may be raised.
+ */
+void
+_PyErr_RaiseSyntaxError(PyObject *msg, PyObject *filename, int lineno, int col_offset,
+                        int end_lineno, int end_col_offset)
+{
+    PyObject *text = PyErr_ProgramTextObject(filename, lineno);
+    if (text == NULL) {
+        text = Py_NewRef(Py_None);
+    }
+    PyObject *args = Py_BuildValue("O(OiiOii)", msg, filename,
+                                   lineno, col_offset, text,
+                                   end_lineno, end_col_offset);
+    if (args == NULL) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    PyErr_SetObject(PyExc_SyntaxError, args);
+ exit:
+    Py_DECREF(text);
+    Py_XDECREF(args);
+}
+
+/* Emits a SyntaxWarning and returns 0 on success.
+   If a SyntaxWarning is raised as error, replaces it with a SyntaxError
+   and returns -1.
+*/
+int
+_PyErr_EmitSyntaxWarning(PyObject *msg, PyObject *filename, int lineno, int col_offset,
+                         int end_lineno, int end_col_offset)
+{
+    if (PyErr_WarnExplicitObject(PyExc_SyntaxWarning, msg, filename,
+                                 lineno, NULL, NULL) < 0)
+    {
+        if (PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_SyntaxWarning)) {
+            /* Replace the SyntaxWarning exception with a SyntaxError
+               to get a more accurate error report */
+            PyErr_Clear();
+            _PyErr_RaiseSyntaxError(msg, filename, lineno, col_offset,
+                                    end_lineno, end_col_offset);
+        }
+        return -1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
 /* Attempt to load the line of text that the exception refers to.  If it
    fails, it will return NULL but will not set an exception.
 
@@ -1857,44 +1904,44 @@ PyErr_SyntaxLocationEx(const char *filename, int lineno, int col_offset)
    functionality in tb_displayline() in traceback.c. */
 
 static PyObject *
-err_programtext(PyThreadState *tstate, FILE *fp, int lineno, const char* encoding)
+err_programtext(FILE *fp, int lineno, const char* encoding)
 {
-    int i;
     char linebuf[1000];
-    if (fp == NULL) {
-        return NULL;
+    size_t line_size = 0;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < lineno; ) {
+        line_size = 0;
+        if (_Py_UniversalNewlineFgetsWithSize(linebuf, sizeof(linebuf),
+                                              fp, NULL, &line_size) == NULL)
+        {
+            /* Error or EOF. */
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        /* fgets read *something*; if it didn't fill the
+           whole buffer, it must have found a newline
+           or hit the end of the file; if the last character is \n,
+           it obviously found a newline; else we haven't
+           yet seen a newline, so must continue */
+        if (i + 1 < lineno
+            && line_size == sizeof(linebuf) - 1
+            && linebuf[sizeof(linebuf) - 2] != '\n')
+        {
+            continue;
+        }
+        i++;
     }
 
-    for (i = 0; i < lineno; i++) {
-        char *pLastChar = &linebuf[sizeof(linebuf) - 2];
-        do {
-            *pLastChar = '\0';
-            if (Py_UniversalNewlineFgets(linebuf, sizeof linebuf,
-                                         fp, NULL) == NULL) {
-                goto after_loop;
-            }
-            /* fgets read *something*; if it didn't get as
-               far as pLastChar, it must have found a newline
-               or hit the end of the file; if pLastChar is \n,
-               it obviously found a newline; else we haven't
-               yet seen a newline, so must continue */
-        } while (*pLastChar != '\0' && *pLastChar != '\n');
+    const char *line = linebuf;
+    /* Skip BOM. */
+    if (lineno == 1 && line_size >= 3 && memcmp(line, "\xef\xbb\xbf", 3) == 0) {
+        line += 3;
+        line_size -= 3;
     }
-
-after_loop:
-    fclose(fp);
-    if (i == lineno) {
-        PyObject *res;
-        if (encoding != NULL) {
-            res = PyUnicode_Decode(linebuf, strlen(linebuf), encoding, "replace");
-        } else {
-            res = PyUnicode_FromString(linebuf);
-        }
-        if (res == NULL)
-            _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
-        return res;
+    PyObject *res = PyUnicode_Decode(line, line_size, encoding, "replace");
+    if (res == NULL) {
+        PyErr_Clear();
     }
-    return NULL;
+    return res;
 }
 
 PyObject *
@@ -1914,20 +1961,41 @@ PyErr_ProgramText(const char *filename, int lineno)
     return res;
 }
 
+/* Function from Parser/tokenizer/file_tokenizer.c */
+extern char* _PyTokenizer_FindEncodingFilename(int, PyObject *);
+
 PyObject *
 _PyErr_ProgramDecodedTextObject(PyObject *filename, int lineno, const char* encoding)
 {
+    char *found_encoding = NULL;
     if (filename == NULL || lineno <= 0) {
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
     FILE *fp = _Py_fopen_obj(filename, "r" PY_STDIOTEXTMODE);
     if (fp == NULL) {
-        _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
+        PyErr_Clear();
         return NULL;
     }
-    return err_programtext(tstate, fp, lineno, encoding);
+    if (encoding == NULL) {
+        int fd = fileno(fp);
+        found_encoding = _PyTokenizer_FindEncodingFilename(fd, filename);
+        encoding = found_encoding;
+        if (encoding == NULL) {
+            PyErr_Clear();
+            encoding = "utf-8";
+        }
+        /* Reset position */
+        if (lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_SET) == (off_t)-1) {
+            fclose(fp);
+            PyMem_Free(found_encoding);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+    }
+    PyObject *res = err_programtext(fp, lineno, encoding);
+    fclose(fp);
+    PyMem_Free(found_encoding);
+    return res;
 }
 
 PyObject *
diff --git a/Python/executor_cases.c.h b/Python/executor_cases.c.h
index bab629684c53f6..3a7015ccb78987 100644
--- a/Python/executor_cases.c.h
+++ b/Python/executor_cases.c.h
@@ -12,6 +12,35 @@
             break;
         }
 
+        case _CHECK_PERIODIC: {
+            _Py_CHECK_EMSCRIPTEN_SIGNALS_PERIODICALLY();
+            QSBR_QUIESCENT_STATE(tstate);
+            if (_Py_atomic_load_uintptr_relaxed(&tstate->eval_breaker) & _PY_EVAL_EVENTS_MASK) {
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                int err = _Py_HandlePending(tstate);
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                if (err != 0) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+
+        case _CHECK_PERIODIC_IF_NOT_YIELD_FROM: {
+            oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
+            if ((oparg & RESUME_OPARG_LOCATION_MASK) < RESUME_AFTER_YIELD_FROM) {
+                _Py_CHECK_EMSCRIPTEN_SIGNALS_PERIODICALLY();
+                QSBR_QUIESCENT_STATE(tstate); \
+                if (_Py_atomic_load_uintptr_relaxed(&tstate->eval_breaker) & _PY_EVAL_EVENTS_MASK) {
+                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                    int err = _Py_HandlePending(tstate);
+                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                    if (err != 0) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+                }
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+
+        /* _QUICKEN_RESUME is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 because it uses the 'this_instr' variable */
+
         case _RESUME_CHECK: {
             #if defined(__EMSCRIPTEN__)
             if (_Py_emscripten_signal_clock == 0) {
@@ -30,306 +59,331 @@
             break;
         }
 
-        /* _INSTRUMENTED_RESUME is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 because it is instrumented */
+        /* _MONITOR_RESUME is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 because it uses the 'this_instr' variable */
 
         case _LOAD_FAST_CHECK: {
-            PyObject *value;
+            _PyStackRef value;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
-            value = GETLOCAL(oparg);
-            if (value == NULL) {
+            _PyStackRef value_s = GETLOCAL(oparg);
+            if (PyStackRef_IsNull(value_s)) {
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                 _PyEval_FormatExcCheckArg(tstate, PyExc_UnboundLocalError,
                     UNBOUNDLOCAL_ERROR_MSG,
                     PyTuple_GetItem(_PyFrame_GetCode(frame)->co_localsplusnames, oparg)
                 );
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                 if (1) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
             }
-            Py_INCREF(value);
+            value = PyStackRef_DUP(value_s);
             stack_pointer[0] = value;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _LOAD_FAST_0: {
-            PyObject *value;
+            _PyStackRef value;
             oparg = 0;
             assert(oparg == CURRENT_OPARG());
-            value = GETLOCAL(oparg);
-            assert(value != NULL);
-            Py_INCREF(value);
+            assert(!PyStackRef_IsNull(GETLOCAL(oparg)));
+            value = PyStackRef_DUP(GETLOCAL(oparg));
             stack_pointer[0] = value;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _LOAD_FAST_1: {
-            PyObject *value;
+            _PyStackRef value;
             oparg = 1;
             assert(oparg == CURRENT_OPARG());
-            value = GETLOCAL(oparg);
-            assert(value != NULL);
-            Py_INCREF(value);
+            assert(!PyStackRef_IsNull(GETLOCAL(oparg)));
+            value = PyStackRef_DUP(GETLOCAL(oparg));
             stack_pointer[0] = value;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _LOAD_FAST_2: {
-            PyObject *value;
+            _PyStackRef value;
             oparg = 2;
             assert(oparg == CURRENT_OPARG());
-            value = GETLOCAL(oparg);
-            assert(value != NULL);
-            Py_INCREF(value);
+            assert(!PyStackRef_IsNull(GETLOCAL(oparg)));
+            value = PyStackRef_DUP(GETLOCAL(oparg));
             stack_pointer[0] = value;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _LOAD_FAST_3: {
-            PyObject *value;
+            _PyStackRef value;
             oparg = 3;
             assert(oparg == CURRENT_OPARG());
-            value = GETLOCAL(oparg);
-            assert(value != NULL);
-            Py_INCREF(value);
+            assert(!PyStackRef_IsNull(GETLOCAL(oparg)));
+            value = PyStackRef_DUP(GETLOCAL(oparg));
             stack_pointer[0] = value;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _LOAD_FAST_4: {
-            PyObject *value;
+            _PyStackRef value;
             oparg = 4;
             assert(oparg == CURRENT_OPARG());
-            value = GETLOCAL(oparg);
-            assert(value != NULL);
-            Py_INCREF(value);
+            assert(!PyStackRef_IsNull(GETLOCAL(oparg)));
+            value = PyStackRef_DUP(GETLOCAL(oparg));
             stack_pointer[0] = value;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _LOAD_FAST_5: {
-            PyObject *value;
+            _PyStackRef value;
             oparg = 5;
             assert(oparg == CURRENT_OPARG());
-            value = GETLOCAL(oparg);
-            assert(value != NULL);
-            Py_INCREF(value);
+            assert(!PyStackRef_IsNull(GETLOCAL(oparg)));
+            value = PyStackRef_DUP(GETLOCAL(oparg));
             stack_pointer[0] = value;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _LOAD_FAST_6: {
-            PyObject *value;
+            _PyStackRef value;
             oparg = 6;
             assert(oparg == CURRENT_OPARG());
-            value = GETLOCAL(oparg);
-            assert(value != NULL);
-            Py_INCREF(value);
+            assert(!PyStackRef_IsNull(GETLOCAL(oparg)));
+            value = PyStackRef_DUP(GETLOCAL(oparg));
             stack_pointer[0] = value;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _LOAD_FAST_7: {
-            PyObject *value;
+            _PyStackRef value;
             oparg = 7;
             assert(oparg == CURRENT_OPARG());
-            value = GETLOCAL(oparg);
-            assert(value != NULL);
-            Py_INCREF(value);
+            assert(!PyStackRef_IsNull(GETLOCAL(oparg)));
+            value = PyStackRef_DUP(GETLOCAL(oparg));
             stack_pointer[0] = value;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _LOAD_FAST: {
-            PyObject *value;
+            _PyStackRef value;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
-            value = GETLOCAL(oparg);
-            assert(value != NULL);
-            Py_INCREF(value);
+            assert(!PyStackRef_IsNull(GETLOCAL(oparg)));
+            value = PyStackRef_DUP(GETLOCAL(oparg));
             stack_pointer[0] = value;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _LOAD_FAST_AND_CLEAR: {
-            PyObject *value;
+            _PyStackRef value;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
             value = GETLOCAL(oparg);
             // do not use SETLOCAL here, it decrefs the old value
-            GETLOCAL(oparg) = NULL;
+            GETLOCAL(oparg) = PyStackRef_NULL;
             stack_pointer[0] = value;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _LOAD_CONST: {
-            PyObject *value;
+            _PyStackRef value;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
-            value = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_CONSTS, oparg);
-            Py_INCREF(value);
+            value = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(GETITEM(FRAME_CO_CONSTS, oparg));
             stack_pointer[0] = value;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _STORE_FAST_0: {
-            PyObject *value;
+            _PyStackRef value;
             oparg = 0;
             assert(oparg == CURRENT_OPARG());
             value = stack_pointer[-1];
             SETLOCAL(oparg, value);
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _STORE_FAST_1: {
-            PyObject *value;
+            _PyStackRef value;
             oparg = 1;
             assert(oparg == CURRENT_OPARG());
             value = stack_pointer[-1];
             SETLOCAL(oparg, value);
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _STORE_FAST_2: {
-            PyObject *value;
+            _PyStackRef value;
             oparg = 2;
             assert(oparg == CURRENT_OPARG());
             value = stack_pointer[-1];
             SETLOCAL(oparg, value);
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _STORE_FAST_3: {
-            PyObject *value;
+            _PyStackRef value;
             oparg = 3;
             assert(oparg == CURRENT_OPARG());
             value = stack_pointer[-1];
             SETLOCAL(oparg, value);
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _STORE_FAST_4: {
-            PyObject *value;
+            _PyStackRef value;
             oparg = 4;
             assert(oparg == CURRENT_OPARG());
             value = stack_pointer[-1];
             SETLOCAL(oparg, value);
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _STORE_FAST_5: {
-            PyObject *value;
+            _PyStackRef value;
             oparg = 5;
             assert(oparg == CURRENT_OPARG());
             value = stack_pointer[-1];
             SETLOCAL(oparg, value);
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _STORE_FAST_6: {
-            PyObject *value;
+            _PyStackRef value;
             oparg = 6;
             assert(oparg == CURRENT_OPARG());
             value = stack_pointer[-1];
             SETLOCAL(oparg, value);
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _STORE_FAST_7: {
-            PyObject *value;
+            _PyStackRef value;
             oparg = 7;
             assert(oparg == CURRENT_OPARG());
             value = stack_pointer[-1];
             SETLOCAL(oparg, value);
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _STORE_FAST: {
-            PyObject *value;
+            _PyStackRef value;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
             value = stack_pointer[-1];
             SETLOCAL(oparg, value);
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _POP_TOP: {
-            PyObject *value;
+            _PyStackRef value;
             value = stack_pointer[-1];
-            Py_DECREF(value);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(value);
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _PUSH_NULL: {
-            PyObject *res;
-            res = NULL;
+            _PyStackRef res;
+            res = PyStackRef_NULL;
             stack_pointer[0] = res;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _END_SEND: {
-            PyObject *value;
-            PyObject *receiver;
+            _PyStackRef value;
+            _PyStackRef receiver;
+            _PyStackRef val;
             value = stack_pointer[-1];
             receiver = stack_pointer[-2];
-            Py_DECREF(receiver);
-            stack_pointer[-2] = value;
+            (void)receiver;
+            val = value;
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(receiver);
+            stack_pointer[-2] = val;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _UNARY_NEGATIVE: {
-            PyObject *value;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef value;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             value = stack_pointer[-1];
-            res = PyNumber_Negative(value);
-            Py_DECREF(value);
-            if (res == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            PyObject *res_o = PyNumber_Negative(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(value));
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(value);
+            if (res_o == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
             stack_pointer[-1] = res;
             break;
         }
 
         case _UNARY_NOT: {
-            PyObject *value;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef value;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             value = stack_pointer[-1];
-            assert(PyBool_Check(value));
-            res = Py_IsFalse(value) ? Py_True : Py_False;
+            assert(PyStackRef_BoolCheck(value));
+            res = PyStackRef_Is(value, PyStackRef_False)
+            ? PyStackRef_True : PyStackRef_False;
             stack_pointer[-1] = res;
             break;
         }
 
         case _TO_BOOL: {
-            PyObject *value;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef value;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             value = stack_pointer[-1];
-            int err = PyObject_IsTrue(value);
-            Py_DECREF(value);
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            int err = PyObject_IsTrue(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(value));
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(value);
             if (err < 0) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
-            res = err ? Py_True : Py_False;
+            res = err ? PyStackRef_True : PyStackRef_False;
             stack_pointer[-1] = res;
             break;
         }
 
         case _TO_BOOL_BOOL: {
-            PyObject *value;
+            _PyStackRef value;
             value = stack_pointer[-1];
-            if (!PyBool_Check(value)) {
+            if (!PyStackRef_BoolCheck(value)) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
@@ -338,109 +392,117 @@
         }
 
         case _TO_BOOL_INT: {
-            PyObject *value;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef value;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             value = stack_pointer[-1];
-            if (!PyLong_CheckExact(value)) {
+            PyObject *value_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(value);
+            if (!PyLong_CheckExact(value_o)) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
             STAT_INC(TO_BOOL, hit);
-            if (_PyLong_IsZero((PyLongObject *)value)) {
-                assert(_Py_IsImmortal(value));
-                res = Py_False;
+            if (_PyLong_IsZero((PyLongObject *)value_o)) {
+                assert(_Py_IsImmortal(value_o));
+                res = PyStackRef_False;
             }
             else {
-                Py_DECREF(value);
-                res = Py_True;
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(value);
+                res = PyStackRef_True;
             }
             stack_pointer[-1] = res;
             break;
         }
 
         case _TO_BOOL_LIST: {
-            PyObject *value;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef value;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             value = stack_pointer[-1];
-            if (!PyList_CheckExact(value)) {
+            PyObject *value_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(value);
+            if (!PyList_CheckExact(value_o)) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
             STAT_INC(TO_BOOL, hit);
-            res = Py_SIZE(value) ? Py_True : Py_False;
-            Py_DECREF(value);
+            res = Py_SIZE(value_o) ? PyStackRef_True : PyStackRef_False;
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(value);
             stack_pointer[-1] = res;
             break;
         }
 
         case _TO_BOOL_NONE: {
-            PyObject *value;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef value;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             value = stack_pointer[-1];
             // This one is a bit weird, because we expect *some* failures:
-            if (!Py_IsNone(value)) {
+            if (!PyStackRef_Is(value, PyStackRef_None)) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
             STAT_INC(TO_BOOL, hit);
-            res = Py_False;
+            res = PyStackRef_False;
             stack_pointer[-1] = res;
             break;
         }
 
         case _TO_BOOL_STR: {
-            PyObject *value;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef value;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             value = stack_pointer[-1];
-            if (!PyUnicode_CheckExact(value)) {
+            PyObject *value_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(value);
+            if (!PyUnicode_CheckExact(value_o)) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
             STAT_INC(TO_BOOL, hit);
-            if (value == &_Py_STR(empty)) {
-                assert(_Py_IsImmortal(value));
-                res = Py_False;
+            if (value_o == &_Py_STR(empty)) {
+                assert(_Py_IsImmortal(value_o));
+                res = PyStackRef_False;
             }
             else {
-                assert(Py_SIZE(value));
-                Py_DECREF(value);
-                res = Py_True;
+                assert(Py_SIZE(value_o));
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(value);
+                res = PyStackRef_True;
             }
             stack_pointer[-1] = res;
             break;
         }
 
         case _REPLACE_WITH_TRUE: {
-            PyObject *value;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef value;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             value = stack_pointer[-1];
-            Py_DECREF(value);
-            res = Py_True;
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(value);
+            res = PyStackRef_True;
             stack_pointer[-1] = res;
             break;
         }
 
         case _UNARY_INVERT: {
-            PyObject *value;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef value;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             value = stack_pointer[-1];
-            res = PyNumber_Invert(value);
-            Py_DECREF(value);
-            if (res == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            PyObject *res_o = PyNumber_Invert(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(value));
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(value);
+            if (res_o == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
             stack_pointer[-1] = res;
             break;
         }
 
         case _GUARD_BOTH_INT: {
-            PyObject *right;
-            PyObject *left;
+            _PyStackRef right;
+            _PyStackRef left;
             right = stack_pointer[-1];
             left = stack_pointer[-2];
-            if (!PyLong_CheckExact(left)) {
+            PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
+            PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
+            if (!PyLong_CheckExact(left_o)) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
-            if (!PyLong_CheckExact(right)) {
+            if (!PyLong_CheckExact(right_o)) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
@@ -448,9 +510,10 @@
         }
 
         case _GUARD_NOS_INT: {
-            PyObject *left;
+            _PyStackRef left;
             left = stack_pointer[-2];
-            if (!PyLong_CheckExact(left)) {
+            PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
+            if (!PyLong_CheckExact(left_o)) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
@@ -458,9 +521,10 @@
         }
 
         case _GUARD_TOS_INT: {
-            PyObject *value;
+            _PyStackRef value;
             value = stack_pointer[-1];
-            if (!PyLong_CheckExact(value)) {
+            PyObject *value_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(value);
+            if (!PyLong_CheckExact(value_o)) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
@@ -468,63 +532,77 @@
         }
 
         case _BINARY_OP_MULTIPLY_INT: {
-            PyObject *right;
-            PyObject *left;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef right;
+            _PyStackRef left;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             right = stack_pointer[-1];
             left = stack_pointer[-2];
+            PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
+            PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
             STAT_INC(BINARY_OP, hit);
-            res = _PyLong_Multiply((PyLongObject *)left, (PyLongObject *)right);
-            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(right, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
-            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(left, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
-            if (res == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            PyObject *res_o = _PyLong_Multiply((PyLongObject *)left_o, (PyLongObject *)right_o);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED(right, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED(left, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
+            if (res_o == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
             stack_pointer[-2] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _BINARY_OP_ADD_INT: {
-            PyObject *right;
-            PyObject *left;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef right;
+            _PyStackRef left;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             right = stack_pointer[-1];
             left = stack_pointer[-2];
+            PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
+            PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
             STAT_INC(BINARY_OP, hit);
-            res = _PyLong_Add((PyLongObject *)left, (PyLongObject *)right);
-            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(right, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
-            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(left, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
-            if (res == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            PyObject *res_o = _PyLong_Add((PyLongObject *)left_o, (PyLongObject *)right_o);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED(right, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED(left, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
+            if (res_o == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
             stack_pointer[-2] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _BINARY_OP_SUBTRACT_INT: {
-            PyObject *right;
-            PyObject *left;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef right;
+            _PyStackRef left;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             right = stack_pointer[-1];
             left = stack_pointer[-2];
+            PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
+            PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
             STAT_INC(BINARY_OP, hit);
-            res = _PyLong_Subtract((PyLongObject *)left, (PyLongObject *)right);
-            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(right, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
-            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(left, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
-            if (res == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            PyObject *res_o = _PyLong_Subtract((PyLongObject *)left_o, (PyLongObject *)right_o);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED(right, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED(left, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
+            if (res_o == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
             stack_pointer[-2] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _GUARD_BOTH_FLOAT: {
-            PyObject *right;
-            PyObject *left;
+            _PyStackRef right;
+            _PyStackRef left;
             right = stack_pointer[-1];
             left = stack_pointer[-2];
-            if (!PyFloat_CheckExact(left)) {
+            PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
+            PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
+            if (!PyFloat_CheckExact(left_o)) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
-            if (!PyFloat_CheckExact(right)) {
+            if (!PyFloat_CheckExact(right_o)) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
@@ -532,9 +610,10 @@
         }
 
         case _GUARD_NOS_FLOAT: {
-            PyObject *left;
+            _PyStackRef left;
             left = stack_pointer[-2];
-            if (!PyFloat_CheckExact(left)) {
+            PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
+            if (!PyFloat_CheckExact(left_o)) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
@@ -542,9 +621,10 @@
         }
 
         case _GUARD_TOS_FLOAT: {
-            PyObject *value;
+            _PyStackRef value;
             value = stack_pointer[-1];
-            if (!PyFloat_CheckExact(value)) {
+            PyObject *value_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(value);
+            if (!PyFloat_CheckExact(value_o)) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
@@ -552,63 +632,80 @@
         }
 
         case _BINARY_OP_MULTIPLY_FLOAT: {
-            PyObject *right;
-            PyObject *left;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef right;
+            _PyStackRef left;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             right = stack_pointer[-1];
             left = stack_pointer[-2];
+            PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
+            PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
             STAT_INC(BINARY_OP, hit);
             double dres =
-            ((PyFloatObject *)left)->ob_fval *
-            ((PyFloatObject *)right)->ob_fval;
-            DECREF_INPUTS_AND_REUSE_FLOAT(left, right, dres, res);
+            ((PyFloatObject *)left_o)->ob_fval *
+            ((PyFloatObject *)right_o)->ob_fval;
+            PyObject *res_o = _PyFloat_FromDouble_ConsumeInputs(left, right, dres);
+            if (res_o == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
             stack_pointer[-2] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _BINARY_OP_ADD_FLOAT: {
-            PyObject *right;
-            PyObject *left;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef right;
+            _PyStackRef left;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             right = stack_pointer[-1];
             left = stack_pointer[-2];
+            PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
+            PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
             STAT_INC(BINARY_OP, hit);
             double dres =
-            ((PyFloatObject *)left)->ob_fval +
-            ((PyFloatObject *)right)->ob_fval;
-            DECREF_INPUTS_AND_REUSE_FLOAT(left, right, dres, res);
+            ((PyFloatObject *)left_o)->ob_fval +
+            ((PyFloatObject *)right_o)->ob_fval;
+            PyObject *res_o = _PyFloat_FromDouble_ConsumeInputs(left, right, dres);
+            if (res_o == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
             stack_pointer[-2] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _BINARY_OP_SUBTRACT_FLOAT: {
-            PyObject *right;
-            PyObject *left;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef right;
+            _PyStackRef left;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             right = stack_pointer[-1];
             left = stack_pointer[-2];
+            PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
+            PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
             STAT_INC(BINARY_OP, hit);
             double dres =
-            ((PyFloatObject *)left)->ob_fval -
-            ((PyFloatObject *)right)->ob_fval;
-            DECREF_INPUTS_AND_REUSE_FLOAT(left, right, dres, res);
+            ((PyFloatObject *)left_o)->ob_fval -
+            ((PyFloatObject *)right_o)->ob_fval;
+            PyObject *res_o = _PyFloat_FromDouble_ConsumeInputs(left, right, dres);
+            if (res_o == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
             stack_pointer[-2] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _GUARD_BOTH_UNICODE: {
-            PyObject *right;
-            PyObject *left;
+            _PyStackRef right;
+            _PyStackRef left;
             right = stack_pointer[-1];
             left = stack_pointer[-2];
-            if (!PyUnicode_CheckExact(left)) {
+            PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
+            PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
+            if (!PyUnicode_CheckExact(left_o)) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
-            if (!PyUnicode_CheckExact(right)) {
+            if (!PyUnicode_CheckExact(right_o)) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
@@ -616,92 +713,177 @@
         }
 
         case _BINARY_OP_ADD_UNICODE: {
-            PyObject *right;
-            PyObject *left;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef right;
+            _PyStackRef left;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             right = stack_pointer[-1];
             left = stack_pointer[-2];
+            PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
+            PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
             STAT_INC(BINARY_OP, hit);
-            res = PyUnicode_Concat(left, right);
-            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(left, _PyUnicode_ExactDealloc);
-            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(right, _PyUnicode_ExactDealloc);
-            if (res == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            PyObject *res_o = PyUnicode_Concat(left_o, right_o);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED(left, _PyUnicode_ExactDealloc);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED(right, _PyUnicode_ExactDealloc);
+            if (res_o == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
             stack_pointer[-2] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+            break;
+        }
+
+        case _BINARY_OP_INPLACE_ADD_UNICODE: {
+            _PyStackRef right;
+            _PyStackRef left;
+            right = stack_pointer[-1];
+            left = stack_pointer[-2];
+            #ifndef NDEBUG
+            PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
+            #endif
+            PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
+            int next_oparg;
+            #if TIER_ONE
+            assert(next_instr->op.code == STORE_FAST);
+            next_oparg = next_instr->op.arg;
+            #else
+            next_oparg = CURRENT_OPERAND();
+            #endif
+            _PyStackRef *target_local = &GETLOCAL(next_oparg);
+            if (!PyStackRef_Is(*target_local, left)) {
+                UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
+                JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
+            }
+            STAT_INC(BINARY_OP, hit);
+            /* Handle `left = left + right` or `left += right` for str.
+             *
+             * When possible, extend `left` in place rather than
+             * allocating a new PyUnicodeObject. This attempts to avoid
+             * quadratic behavior when one neglects to use str.join().
+             *
+             * If `left` has only two references remaining (one from
+             * the stack, one in the locals), DECREFing `left` leaves
+             * only the locals reference, so PyUnicode_Append knows
+             * that the string is safe to mutate.
+             */
+            assert(Py_REFCNT(left_o) >= 2);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(left);
+            PyObject *temp = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(*target_local);
+            PyUnicode_Append(&temp, right_o);
+            *target_local = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(temp);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED(right, _PyUnicode_ExactDealloc);
+            if (PyStackRef_IsNull(*target_local)) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            #if TIER_ONE
+            // The STORE_FAST is already done. This is done here in tier one,
+            // and during trace projection in tier two:
+            assert(next_instr->op.code == STORE_FAST);
+            SKIP_OVER(1);
+            #endif
+            stack_pointer += -2;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _BINARY_SUBSCR: {
-            PyObject *sub;
-            PyObject *container;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef sub;
+            _PyStackRef container;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             sub = stack_pointer[-1];
             container = stack_pointer[-2];
-            res = PyObject_GetItem(container, sub);
-            Py_DECREF(container);
-            Py_DECREF(sub);
-            if (res == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            PyObject *container_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(container);
+            PyObject *sub_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(sub);
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            PyObject *res_o = PyObject_GetItem(container_o, sub_o);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(container);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(sub);
+            if (res_o == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
             stack_pointer[-2] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _BINARY_SLICE: {
-            PyObject *stop;
-            PyObject *start;
-            PyObject *container;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef stop;
+            _PyStackRef start;
+            _PyStackRef container;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             stop = stack_pointer[-1];
             start = stack_pointer[-2];
             container = stack_pointer[-3];
-            PyObject *slice = _PyBuildSlice_ConsumeRefs(start, stop);
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            PyObject *slice = _PyBuildSlice_ConsumeRefs(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(start),
+                PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(stop));
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            PyObject *res_o;
             // Can't use ERROR_IF() here, because we haven't
             // DECREF'ed container yet, and we still own slice.
             if (slice == NULL) {
-                res = NULL;
+                res_o = NULL;
             }
             else {
-                res = PyObject_GetItem(container, slice);
+                stack_pointer += -2;
+                assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                res_o = PyObject_GetItem(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(container), slice);
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                 Py_DECREF(slice);
+                stack_pointer += 2;
+                assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             }
-            Py_DECREF(container);
-            if (res == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(container);
+            if (res_o == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
             stack_pointer[-3] = res;
             stack_pointer += -2;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _STORE_SLICE: {
-            PyObject *stop;
-            PyObject *start;
-            PyObject *container;
-            PyObject *v;
+            _PyStackRef stop;
+            _PyStackRef start;
+            _PyStackRef container;
+            _PyStackRef v;
             stop = stack_pointer[-1];
             start = stack_pointer[-2];
             container = stack_pointer[-3];
             v = stack_pointer[-4];
-            PyObject *slice = _PyBuildSlice_ConsumeRefs(start, stop);
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            PyObject *slice = _PyBuildSlice_ConsumeRefs(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(start),
+                PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(stop));
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
             int err;
             if (slice == NULL) {
                 err = 1;
             }
             else {
-                err = PyObject_SetItem(container, slice, v);
+                stack_pointer += -2;
+                assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                err = PyObject_SetItem(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(container), slice, PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(v));
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                 Py_DECREF(slice);
+                stack_pointer += 2;
+                assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             }
-            Py_DECREF(v);
-            Py_DECREF(container);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(v);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(container);
             if (err) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
             stack_pointer += -4;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _BINARY_SUBSCR_LIST_INT: {
-            PyObject *sub;
-            PyObject *list;
-            PyObject *res;
-            sub = stack_pointer[-1];
-            list = stack_pointer[-2];
+            _PyStackRef sub_st;
+            _PyStackRef list_st;
+            _PyStackRef res;
+            sub_st = stack_pointer[-1];
+            list_st = stack_pointer[-2];
+            PyObject *sub = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(sub_st);
+            PyObject *list = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(list_st);
             if (!PyLong_CheckExact(sub)) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
@@ -721,22 +903,26 @@
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
             STAT_INC(BINARY_SUBSCR, hit);
-            res = PyList_GET_ITEM(list, index);
-            assert(res != NULL);
-            Py_INCREF(res);
-            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(sub, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
-            Py_DECREF(list);
+            PyObject *res_o = PyList_GET_ITEM(list, index);
+            assert(res_o != NULL);
+            Py_INCREF(res_o);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED(sub_st, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(list_st);
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
             stack_pointer[-2] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _BINARY_SUBSCR_STR_INT: {
-            PyObject *sub;
-            PyObject *str;
-            PyObject *res;
-            sub = stack_pointer[-1];
-            str = stack_pointer[-2];
+            _PyStackRef sub_st;
+            _PyStackRef str_st;
+            _PyStackRef res;
+            sub_st = stack_pointer[-1];
+            str_st = stack_pointer[-2];
+            PyObject *sub = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(sub_st);
+            PyObject *str = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(str_st);
             if (!PyLong_CheckExact(sub)) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
@@ -761,20 +947,24 @@
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
             STAT_INC(BINARY_SUBSCR, hit);
-            res = (PyObject*)&_Py_SINGLETON(strings).ascii[c];
-            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(sub, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
-            Py_DECREF(str);
+            PyObject *res_o = (PyObject*)&_Py_SINGLETON(strings).ascii[c];
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED(sub_st, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(str_st);
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
             stack_pointer[-2] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _BINARY_SUBSCR_TUPLE_INT: {
-            PyObject *sub;
-            PyObject *tuple;
-            PyObject *res;
-            sub = stack_pointer[-1];
-            tuple = stack_pointer[-2];
+            _PyStackRef sub_st;
+            _PyStackRef tuple_st;
+            _PyStackRef res;
+            sub_st = stack_pointer[-1];
+            tuple_st = stack_pointer[-2];
+            PyObject *sub = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(sub_st);
+            PyObject *tuple = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(tuple_st);
             if (!PyLong_CheckExact(sub)) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
@@ -794,90 +984,160 @@
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
             STAT_INC(BINARY_SUBSCR, hit);
-            res = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(tuple, index);
-            assert(res != NULL);
-            Py_INCREF(res);
-            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(sub, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
-            Py_DECREF(tuple);
+            PyObject *res_o = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(tuple, index);
+            assert(res_o != NULL);
+            Py_INCREF(res_o);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED(sub_st, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(tuple_st);
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
             stack_pointer[-2] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _BINARY_SUBSCR_DICT: {
-            PyObject *sub;
-            PyObject *dict;
-            PyObject *res;
-            sub = stack_pointer[-1];
-            dict = stack_pointer[-2];
+            _PyStackRef sub_st;
+            _PyStackRef dict_st;
+            _PyStackRef res;
+            sub_st = stack_pointer[-1];
+            dict_st = stack_pointer[-2];
+            PyObject *sub = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(sub_st);
+            PyObject *dict = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(dict_st);
             if (!PyDict_CheckExact(dict)) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
             STAT_INC(BINARY_SUBSCR, hit);
-            int rc = PyDict_GetItemRef(dict, sub, &res);
+            PyObject *res_o;
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            int rc = PyDict_GetItemRef(dict, sub, &res_o);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
             if (rc == 0) {
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                 _PyErr_SetKeyError(sub);
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
             }
-            Py_DECREF(dict);
-            Py_DECREF(sub);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(dict_st);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(sub_st);
             if (rc <= 0) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
             // not found or error
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
             stack_pointer[-2] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+            break;
+        }
+
+        case _BINARY_SUBSCR_CHECK_FUNC: {
+            _PyStackRef container;
+            container = stack_pointer[-2];
+            PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(container));
+            if (!PyType_HasFeature(tp, Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE)) {
+                UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
+                JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
+            }
+            PyHeapTypeObject *ht = (PyHeapTypeObject *)tp;
+            PyObject *getitem = ht->_spec_cache.getitem;
+            if (getitem == NULL) {
+                UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
+                JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
+            }
+            assert(PyFunction_Check(getitem));
+            uint32_t cached_version = ht->_spec_cache.getitem_version;
+            if (((PyFunctionObject *)getitem)->func_version != cached_version) {
+                UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
+                JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
+            }
+            PyCodeObject *code = (PyCodeObject *)PyFunction_GET_CODE(getitem);
+            assert(code->co_argcount == 2);
+            if (!_PyThreadState_HasStackSpace(tstate, code->co_framesize)) {
+                UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
+                JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
+            }
+            STAT_INC(BINARY_SUBSCR, hit);
             break;
         }
 
-        /* _BINARY_SUBSCR_GETITEM is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 because it uses the 'this_instr' variable */
+        case _BINARY_SUBSCR_INIT_CALL: {
+            _PyStackRef sub;
+            _PyStackRef container;
+            _PyInterpreterFrame *new_frame;
+            sub = stack_pointer[-1];
+            container = stack_pointer[-2];
+            PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(container));
+            PyHeapTypeObject *ht = (PyHeapTypeObject *)tp;
+            PyObject *getitem = ht->_spec_cache.getitem;
+            new_frame = _PyFrame_PushUnchecked(tstate, PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(getitem), 2, frame);
+            new_frame->localsplus[0] = container;
+            new_frame->localsplus[1] = sub;
+            frame->return_offset = (uint16_t)(1 + INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_BINARY_SUBSCR);
+            stack_pointer[-2].bits = (uintptr_t)new_frame;
+            stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+            break;
+        }
 
         case _LIST_APPEND: {
-            PyObject *v;
-            PyObject *list;
+            _PyStackRef v;
+            _PyStackRef list;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
             v = stack_pointer[-1];
             list = stack_pointer[-2 - (oparg-1)];
-            if (_PyList_AppendTakeRef((PyListObject *)list, v) < 0) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            int err = _PyList_AppendTakeRef((PyListObject *)PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(list),
+                PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(v));
+            if (err < 0) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _SET_ADD: {
-            PyObject *v;
-            PyObject *set;
+            _PyStackRef v;
+            _PyStackRef set;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
             v = stack_pointer[-1];
             set = stack_pointer[-2 - (oparg-1)];
-            int err = PySet_Add(set, v);
-            Py_DECREF(v);
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            int err = PySet_Add(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(set),
+                                PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(v));
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(v);
             if (err) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _STORE_SUBSCR: {
-            PyObject *sub;
-            PyObject *container;
-            PyObject *v;
+            _PyStackRef sub;
+            _PyStackRef container;
+            _PyStackRef v;
             sub = stack_pointer[-1];
             container = stack_pointer[-2];
             v = stack_pointer[-3];
             /* container[sub] = v */
-            int err = PyObject_SetItem(container, sub, v);
-            Py_DECREF(v);
-            Py_DECREF(container);
-            Py_DECREF(sub);
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            int err = PyObject_SetItem(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(container), PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(sub), PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(v));
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(v);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(container);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(sub);
             if (err) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
             stack_pointer += -3;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _STORE_SUBSCR_LIST_INT: {
-            PyObject *sub;
-            PyObject *list;
-            PyObject *value;
-            sub = stack_pointer[-1];
-            list = stack_pointer[-2];
+            _PyStackRef sub_st;
+            _PyStackRef list_st;
+            _PyStackRef value;
+            sub_st = stack_pointer[-1];
+            list_st = stack_pointer[-2];
             value = stack_pointer[-3];
+            PyObject *sub = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(sub_st);
+            PyObject *list = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(list_st);
             if (!PyLong_CheckExact(sub)) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
@@ -899,85 +1159,108 @@
             }
             STAT_INC(STORE_SUBSCR, hit);
             PyObject *old_value = PyList_GET_ITEM(list, index);
-            PyList_SET_ITEM(list, index, value);
+            PyList_SET_ITEM(list, index, PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(value));
             assert(old_value != NULL);
             Py_DECREF(old_value);
-            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(sub, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
-            Py_DECREF(list);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED(sub_st, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(list_st);
             stack_pointer += -3;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _STORE_SUBSCR_DICT: {
-            PyObject *sub;
-            PyObject *dict;
-            PyObject *value;
+            _PyStackRef sub;
+            _PyStackRef dict_st;
+            _PyStackRef value;
             sub = stack_pointer[-1];
-            dict = stack_pointer[-2];
+            dict_st = stack_pointer[-2];
             value = stack_pointer[-3];
+            PyObject *dict = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(dict_st);
             if (!PyDict_CheckExact(dict)) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
             STAT_INC(STORE_SUBSCR, hit);
-            int err = _PyDict_SetItem_Take2((PyDictObject *)dict, sub, value);
-            Py_DECREF(dict);
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            int err = _PyDict_SetItem_Take2((PyDictObject *)dict,
+                PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(sub),
+                PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(value));
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(dict_st);
             if (err) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
             stack_pointer += -3;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _DELETE_SUBSCR: {
-            PyObject *sub;
-            PyObject *container;
+            _PyStackRef sub;
+            _PyStackRef container;
             sub = stack_pointer[-1];
             container = stack_pointer[-2];
             /* del container[sub] */
-            int err = PyObject_DelItem(container, sub);
-            Py_DECREF(container);
-            Py_DECREF(sub);
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            int err = PyObject_DelItem(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(container),
+                                       PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(sub));
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(container);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(sub);
             if (err) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
             stack_pointer += -2;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _CALL_INTRINSIC_1: {
-            PyObject *value;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef value;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
             value = stack_pointer[-1];
             assert(oparg <= MAX_INTRINSIC_1);
-            res = _PyIntrinsics_UnaryFunctions[oparg].func(tstate, value);
-            Py_DECREF(value);
-            if (res == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            PyObject *res_o = _PyIntrinsics_UnaryFunctions[oparg].func(tstate, PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(value));
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(value);
+            if (res_o == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
             stack_pointer[-1] = res;
             break;
         }
 
         case _CALL_INTRINSIC_2: {
-            PyObject *value1;
-            PyObject *value2;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef value1_st;
+            _PyStackRef value2_st;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
-            value1 = stack_pointer[-1];
-            value2 = stack_pointer[-2];
+            value1_st = stack_pointer[-1];
+            value2_st = stack_pointer[-2];
             assert(oparg <= MAX_INTRINSIC_2);
-            res = _PyIntrinsics_BinaryFunctions[oparg].func(tstate, value2, value1);
-            Py_DECREF(value2);
-            Py_DECREF(value1);
-            if (res == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            PyObject *value1 = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(value1_st);
+            PyObject *value2 = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(value2_st);
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            PyObject *res_o = _PyIntrinsics_BinaryFunctions[oparg].func(tstate, value2, value1);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(value2_st);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(value1_st);
+            if (res_o == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
             stack_pointer[-2] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
-        case _POP_FRAME: {
-            PyObject *retval;
+        case _RETURN_VALUE: {
+            _PyStackRef retval;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             retval = stack_pointer[-1];
             #if TIER_ONE
             assert(frame != &entry_frame);
             #endif
+            _PyStackRef temp = retval;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
             assert(EMPTY());
             _Py_LeaveRecursiveCallPy(tstate);
@@ -985,134 +1268,126 @@
             _PyInterpreterFrame *dying = frame;
             frame = tstate->current_frame = dying->previous;
             _PyEval_FrameClearAndPop(tstate, dying);
-            _PyFrame_StackPush(frame, retval);
-            LOAD_SP();
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
             LOAD_IP(frame->return_offset);
+            res = temp;
             LLTRACE_RESUME_FRAME();
+            stack_pointer[0] = res;
+            stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
-        /* _INSTRUMENTED_RETURN_VALUE is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 because it is instrumented */
-
-        /* _INSTRUMENTED_RETURN_CONST is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 because it is instrumented */
-
         case _GET_AITER: {
-            PyObject *obj;
-            PyObject *iter;
+            _PyStackRef obj;
+            _PyStackRef iter;
             obj = stack_pointer[-1];
             unaryfunc getter = NULL;
-            PyTypeObject *type = Py_TYPE(obj);
+            PyObject *obj_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(obj);
+            PyObject *iter_o;
+            PyTypeObject *type = Py_TYPE(obj_o);
             if (type->tp_as_async != NULL) {
                 getter = type->tp_as_async->am_aiter;
             }
             if (getter == NULL) {
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                 _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
                               "'async for' requires an object with "
                               "__aiter__ method, got %.100s",
                               type->tp_name);
-                Py_DECREF(obj);
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(obj);
                 if (true) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
             }
-            iter = (*getter)(obj);
-            Py_DECREF(obj);
-            if (iter == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
-            if (Py_TYPE(iter)->tp_as_async == NULL ||
-                Py_TYPE(iter)->tp_as_async->am_anext == NULL) {
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            iter_o = (*getter)(obj_o);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(obj);
+            if (iter_o == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            if (Py_TYPE(iter_o)->tp_as_async == NULL ||
+                Py_TYPE(iter_o)->tp_as_async->am_anext == NULL) {
+                stack_pointer += -1;
+                assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                 _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
                               "'async for' received an object from __aiter__ "
                               "that does not implement __anext__: %.100s",
-                              Py_TYPE(iter)->tp_name);
-                Py_DECREF(iter);
+                              Py_TYPE(iter_o)->tp_name);
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                Py_DECREF(iter_o);
                 if (true) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
             }
+            iter = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(iter_o);
             stack_pointer[-1] = iter;
             break;
         }
 
         case _GET_ANEXT: {
-            PyObject *aiter;
-            PyObject *awaitable;
+            _PyStackRef aiter;
+            _PyStackRef awaitable;
             aiter = stack_pointer[-1];
-            unaryfunc getter = NULL;
-            PyObject *next_iter = NULL;
-            PyTypeObject *type = Py_TYPE(aiter);
-            if (PyAsyncGen_CheckExact(aiter)) {
-                awaitable = type->tp_as_async->am_anext(aiter);
-                if (awaitable == NULL) {
-                    JUMP_TO_ERROR();
-                }
-            } else {
-                if (type->tp_as_async != NULL){
-                    getter = type->tp_as_async->am_anext;
-                }
-                if (getter != NULL) {
-                    next_iter = (*getter)(aiter);
-                    if (next_iter == NULL) {
-                        JUMP_TO_ERROR();
-                    }
-                }
-                else {
-                    _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
-                                  "'async for' requires an iterator with "
-                                  "__anext__ method, got %.100s",
-                                  type->tp_name);
-                    JUMP_TO_ERROR();
-                }
-                awaitable = _PyCoro_GetAwaitableIter(next_iter);
-                if (awaitable == NULL) {
-                    _PyErr_FormatFromCause(
-                        PyExc_TypeError,
-                        "'async for' received an invalid object "
-                        "from __anext__: %.100s",
-                        Py_TYPE(next_iter)->tp_name);
-                    Py_DECREF(next_iter);
-                    JUMP_TO_ERROR();
-                } else {
-                    Py_DECREF(next_iter);
-                }
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            PyObject *awaitable_o = _PyEval_GetANext(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(aiter));
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            if (awaitable_o == NULL) {
+                JUMP_TO_ERROR();
             }
+            awaitable = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(awaitable_o);
             stack_pointer[0] = awaitable;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _GET_AWAITABLE: {
-            PyObject *iterable;
-            PyObject *iter;
+            _PyStackRef iterable;
+            _PyStackRef iter;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
             iterable = stack_pointer[-1];
-            iter = _PyCoro_GetAwaitableIter(iterable);
-            if (iter == NULL) {
-                _PyEval_FormatAwaitableError(tstate, Py_TYPE(iterable), oparg);
-            }
-            Py_DECREF(iterable);
-            if (iter != NULL && PyCoro_CheckExact(iter)) {
-                PyObject *yf = _PyGen_yf((PyGenObject*)iter);
-                if (yf != NULL) {
-                    /* `iter` is a coroutine object that is being
-                       awaited, `yf` is a pointer to the current awaitable
-                       being awaited on. */
-                    Py_DECREF(yf);
-                    Py_CLEAR(iter);
-                    _PyErr_SetString(tstate, PyExc_RuntimeError,
-                                     "coroutine is being awaited already");
-                    /* The code below jumps to `error` if `iter` is NULL. */
-                }
-            }
-            if (iter == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            PyObject *iter_o = _PyEval_GetAwaitable(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(iterable), oparg);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(iterable);
+            if (iter_o == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            iter = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(iter_o);
             stack_pointer[-1] = iter;
             break;
         }
 
         /* _SEND is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 because it uses the 'this_instr' variable */
 
-        /* _SEND_GEN is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 because it uses the 'this_instr' variable */
-
-        /* _INSTRUMENTED_YIELD_VALUE is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 because it is instrumented */
+        case _SEND_GEN_FRAME: {
+            _PyStackRef v;
+            _PyStackRef receiver;
+            _PyInterpreterFrame *gen_frame;
+            oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
+            v = stack_pointer[-1];
+            receiver = stack_pointer[-2];
+            PyGenObject *gen = (PyGenObject *)PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(receiver);
+            if (Py_TYPE(gen) != &PyGen_Type && Py_TYPE(gen) != &PyCoro_Type) {
+                UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
+                JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
+            }
+            if (gen->gi_frame_state >= FRAME_EXECUTING) {
+                UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
+                JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
+            }
+            STAT_INC(SEND, hit);
+            gen_frame = &gen->gi_iframe;
+            _PyFrame_StackPush(gen_frame, v);
+            gen->gi_frame_state = FRAME_EXECUTING;
+            gen->gi_exc_state.previous_item = tstate->exc_info;
+            tstate->exc_info = &gen->gi_exc_state;
+            assert(1 + INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_SEND + oparg <= UINT16_MAX);
+            frame->return_offset = (uint16_t)(1 + INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_SEND + oparg);
+            gen_frame->previous = frame;
+            stack_pointer[-1].bits = (uintptr_t)gen_frame;
+            break;
+        }
 
         case _YIELD_VALUE: {
-            PyObject *retval;
-            PyObject *value;
+            _PyStackRef retval;
+            _PyStackRef value;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
             retval = stack_pointer[-1];
             // NOTE: It's important that YIELD_VALUE never raises an exception!
@@ -1122,11 +1397,13 @@
             assert(frame != &entry_frame);
             #endif
             frame->instr_ptr++;
-            PyGenObject *gen = _PyFrame_GetGenerator(frame);
+            PyGenObject *gen = _PyGen_GetGeneratorFromFrame(frame);
             assert(FRAME_SUSPENDED_YIELD_FROM == FRAME_SUSPENDED + 1);
             assert(oparg == 0 || oparg == 1);
             gen->gi_frame_state = FRAME_SUSPENDED + oparg;
+            _PyStackRef temp = retval;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
             tstate->exc_info = gen->gi_exc_state.previous_item;
             gen->gi_exc_state.previous_item = NULL;
@@ -1138,82 +1415,106 @@
             assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_SEND == INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_FOR_ITER);
             #if TIER_ONE
             assert(frame->instr_ptr->op.code == INSTRUMENTED_LINE ||
-                   frame->instr_ptr->op.code == INSTRUMENTED_INSTRUCTION ||
-                   _PyOpcode_Deopt[frame->instr_ptr->op.code] == SEND ||
-                   _PyOpcode_Deopt[frame->instr_ptr->op.code] == FOR_ITER ||
-                   _PyOpcode_Deopt[frame->instr_ptr->op.code] == INTERPRETER_EXIT ||
-                   _PyOpcode_Deopt[frame->instr_ptr->op.code] == ENTER_EXECUTOR);
+                  frame->instr_ptr->op.code == INSTRUMENTED_INSTRUCTION ||
+                  _PyOpcode_Deopt[frame->instr_ptr->op.code] == SEND ||
+                  _PyOpcode_Deopt[frame->instr_ptr->op.code] == FOR_ITER ||
+                  _PyOpcode_Deopt[frame->instr_ptr->op.code] == INTERPRETER_EXIT ||
+                  _PyOpcode_Deopt[frame->instr_ptr->op.code] == ENTER_EXECUTOR);
             #endif
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
             LOAD_IP(1 + INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_SEND);
-            LOAD_SP();
-            value = retval;
+            value = temp;
             LLTRACE_RESUME_FRAME();
             stack_pointer[0] = value;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _POP_EXCEPT: {
-            PyObject *exc_value;
+            _PyStackRef exc_value;
             exc_value = stack_pointer[-1];
             _PyErr_StackItem *exc_info = tstate->exc_info;
-            Py_XSETREF(exc_info->exc_value, exc_value == Py_None ? NULL : exc_value);
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            Py_XSETREF(exc_info->exc_value,
+                       PyStackRef_Is(exc_value, PyStackRef_None)
+                       ? NULL : PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(exc_value));
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _LOAD_COMMON_CONSTANT: {
-            PyObject *value;
+            _PyStackRef value;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
             // Keep in sync with _common_constants in opcode.py
-            switch(oparg) {
-                case CONSTANT_ASSERTIONERROR:
-                value = PyExc_AssertionError;
-                break;
-                case CONSTANT_NOTIMPLEMENTEDERROR:
-                value = PyExc_NotImplementedError;
-                break;
-                default:
-                Py_FatalError("bad LOAD_COMMON_CONSTANT oparg");
+            // If we ever have more than two constants, use a lookup table
+            PyObject *val;
+            if (oparg == CONSTANT_ASSERTIONERROR) {
+                val = PyExc_AssertionError;
             }
+            else {
+                assert(oparg == CONSTANT_NOTIMPLEMENTEDERROR);
+                val = PyExc_NotImplementedError;
+            }
+            value = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectImmortal(val);
             stack_pointer[0] = value;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _LOAD_BUILD_CLASS: {
-            PyObject *bc;
-            if (PyMapping_GetOptionalItem(BUILTINS(), &_Py_ID(__build_class__), &bc) < 0) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
-            if (bc == NULL) {
+            _PyStackRef bc;
+            PyObject *bc_o;
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            int err = PyMapping_GetOptionalItem(BUILTINS(), &_Py_ID(__build_class__), &bc_o);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            if (err < 0) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            if (bc_o == NULL) {
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                 _PyErr_SetString(tstate, PyExc_NameError,
                                  "__build_class__ not found");
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                 if (true) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
             }
+            bc = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(bc_o);
             stack_pointer[0] = bc;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _STORE_NAME: {
-            PyObject *v;
+            _PyStackRef v;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
             v = stack_pointer[-1];
             PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg);
             PyObject *ns = LOCALS();
             int err;
             if (ns == NULL) {
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                 _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_SystemError,
                               "no locals found when storing %R", name);
-                Py_DECREF(v);
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(v);
                 if (true) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
             }
-            if (PyDict_CheckExact(ns))
-            err = PyDict_SetItem(ns, name, v);
-            else
-            err = PyObject_SetItem(ns, name, v);
-            Py_DECREF(v);
+            if (PyDict_CheckExact(ns)) {
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                err = PyDict_SetItem(ns, name, PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(v));
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            }
+            else {
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                err = PyObject_SetItem(ns, name, PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(v));
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            }
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(v);
             if (err) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -1223,232 +1524,257 @@
             PyObject *ns = LOCALS();
             int err;
             if (ns == NULL) {
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                 _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_SystemError,
                               "no locals when deleting %R", name);
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                 JUMP_TO_ERROR();
             }
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
             err = PyObject_DelItem(ns, name);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
             // Can't use ERROR_IF here.
             if (err != 0) {
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                 _PyEval_FormatExcCheckArg(tstate, PyExc_NameError,
                     NAME_ERROR_MSG,
                     name);
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                 JUMP_TO_ERROR();
             }
             break;
         }
 
         case _UNPACK_SEQUENCE: {
-            PyObject *seq;
+            _PyStackRef seq;
+            _PyStackRef *output;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
             seq = stack_pointer[-1];
-            PyObject **top = stack_pointer + oparg - 1;
-            int res = _PyEval_UnpackIterable(tstate, seq, oparg, -1, top);
-            Py_DECREF(seq);
+            output = &stack_pointer[-1];
+            _PyStackRef *top = output + oparg;
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            int res = _PyEval_UnpackIterableStackRef(tstate, seq, oparg, -1, top);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(seq);
             if (res == 0) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
             stack_pointer += -1 + oparg;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _UNPACK_SEQUENCE_TWO_TUPLE: {
-            PyObject *seq;
-            PyObject *val1;
-            PyObject *val0;
+            _PyStackRef seq;
+            _PyStackRef val1;
+            _PyStackRef val0;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
             seq = stack_pointer[-1];
             assert(oparg == 2);
-            if (!PyTuple_CheckExact(seq)) {
+            PyObject *seq_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(seq);
+            if (!PyTuple_CheckExact(seq_o)) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
-            if (PyTuple_GET_SIZE(seq) != 2) {
+            if (PyTuple_GET_SIZE(seq_o) != 2) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
             STAT_INC(UNPACK_SEQUENCE, hit);
-            val0 = Py_NewRef(PyTuple_GET_ITEM(seq, 0));
-            val1 = Py_NewRef(PyTuple_GET_ITEM(seq, 1));
-            Py_DECREF(seq);
+            val0 = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(PyTuple_GET_ITEM(seq_o, 0));
+            val1 = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(PyTuple_GET_ITEM(seq_o, 1));
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(seq);
             stack_pointer[-1] = val1;
             stack_pointer[0] = val0;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _UNPACK_SEQUENCE_TUPLE: {
-            PyObject *seq;
-            PyObject **values;
+            _PyStackRef seq;
+            _PyStackRef *values;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
             seq = stack_pointer[-1];
             values = &stack_pointer[-1];
-            if (!PyTuple_CheckExact(seq)) {
+            PyObject *seq_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(seq);
+            if (!PyTuple_CheckExact(seq_o)) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
-            if (PyTuple_GET_SIZE(seq) != oparg) {
+            if (PyTuple_GET_SIZE(seq_o) != oparg) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
             STAT_INC(UNPACK_SEQUENCE, hit);
-            PyObject **items = _PyTuple_ITEMS(seq);
+            PyObject **items = _PyTuple_ITEMS(seq_o);
             for (int i = oparg; --i >= 0; ) {
-                *values++ = Py_NewRef(items[i]);
+                *values++ = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(items[i]);
             }
-            Py_DECREF(seq);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(seq);
             stack_pointer += -1 + oparg;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _UNPACK_SEQUENCE_LIST: {
-            PyObject *seq;
-            PyObject **values;
+            _PyStackRef seq;
+            _PyStackRef *values;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
             seq = stack_pointer[-1];
             values = &stack_pointer[-1];
-            if (!PyList_CheckExact(seq)) {
+            PyObject *seq_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(seq);
+            if (!PyList_CheckExact(seq_o)) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
-            if (PyList_GET_SIZE(seq) != oparg) {
+            if (PyList_GET_SIZE(seq_o) != oparg) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
             STAT_INC(UNPACK_SEQUENCE, hit);
-            PyObject **items = _PyList_ITEMS(seq);
+            PyObject **items = _PyList_ITEMS(seq_o);
             for (int i = oparg; --i >= 0; ) {
-                *values++ = Py_NewRef(items[i]);
+                *values++ = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(items[i]);
             }
-            Py_DECREF(seq);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(seq);
             stack_pointer += -1 + oparg;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _UNPACK_EX: {
-            PyObject *seq;
+            _PyStackRef seq;
+            _PyStackRef *right;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
             seq = stack_pointer[-1];
-            int totalargs = 1 + (oparg & 0xFF) + (oparg >> 8);
-            PyObject **top = stack_pointer + totalargs - 1;
-            int res = _PyEval_UnpackIterable(tstate, seq, oparg & 0xFF, oparg >> 8, top);
-            Py_DECREF(seq);
+            right = &stack_pointer[(oparg & 0xFF)];
+            _PyStackRef *top = right + (oparg >> 8);
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            int res = _PyEval_UnpackIterableStackRef(tstate, seq, oparg & 0xFF, oparg >> 8, top);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(seq);
             if (res == 0) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
-            stack_pointer += (oparg >> 8) + (oparg & 0xFF);
+            stack_pointer += (oparg & 0xFF) + (oparg >> 8);
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _STORE_ATTR: {
-            PyObject *owner;
-            PyObject *v;
+            _PyStackRef owner;
+            _PyStackRef v;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
             owner = stack_pointer[-1];
             v = stack_pointer[-2];
             PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg);
-            int err = PyObject_SetAttr(owner, name, v);
-            Py_DECREF(v);
-            Py_DECREF(owner);
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            int err = PyObject_SetAttr(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner),
+                                       name, PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(v));
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(v);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(owner);
             if (err) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
             stack_pointer += -2;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _DELETE_ATTR: {
-            PyObject *owner;
+            _PyStackRef owner;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
             owner = stack_pointer[-1];
             PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg);
-            int err = PyObject_DelAttr(owner, name);
-            Py_DECREF(owner);
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            int err = PyObject_DelAttr(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner), name);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(owner);
             if (err) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _STORE_GLOBAL: {
-            PyObject *v;
+            _PyStackRef v;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
             v = stack_pointer[-1];
             PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg);
-            int err = PyDict_SetItem(GLOBALS(), name, v);
-            Py_DECREF(v);
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            int err = PyDict_SetItem(GLOBALS(), name, PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(v));
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(v);
             if (err) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _DELETE_GLOBAL: {
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
             PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg);
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
             int err = PyDict_Pop(GLOBALS(), name, NULL);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
             // Can't use ERROR_IF here.
             if (err < 0) {
                 JUMP_TO_ERROR();
             }
             if (err == 0) {
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                 _PyEval_FormatExcCheckArg(tstate, PyExc_NameError,
                     NAME_ERROR_MSG, name);
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                 JUMP_TO_ERROR();
             }
             break;
         }
 
         case _LOAD_LOCALS: {
-            PyObject *locals;
-            locals = LOCALS();
-            if (locals == NULL) {
+            _PyStackRef locals;
+            PyObject *l = LOCALS();
+            if (l == NULL) {
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                 _PyErr_SetString(tstate, PyExc_SystemError,
                                  "no locals found");
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                 if (true) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
             }
-            Py_INCREF(locals);
+            locals = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(l);
             stack_pointer[0] = locals;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         /* _LOAD_FROM_DICT_OR_GLOBALS is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 because it has both popping and not-popping errors */
 
-        /* _LOAD_NAME is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 because it has both popping and not-popping errors */
+        case _LOAD_NAME: {
+            _PyStackRef v;
+            oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
+            PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg);
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            PyObject *v_o = _PyEval_LoadName(tstate, frame, name);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            if (v_o == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            v = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(v_o);
+            stack_pointer[0] = v;
+            stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+            break;
+        }
 
         case _LOAD_GLOBAL: {
-            PyObject *res;
-            PyObject *null = NULL;
+            _PyStackRef *res;
+            _PyStackRef null = PyStackRef_NULL;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
+            res = &stack_pointer[0];
             PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg>>1);
-            if (PyDict_CheckExact(GLOBALS())
-                && PyDict_CheckExact(BUILTINS()))
-            {
-                res = _PyDict_LoadGlobal((PyDictObject *)GLOBALS(),
-                    (PyDictObject *)BUILTINS(),
-                    name);
-                if (res == NULL) {
-                    if (!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
-                        /* _PyDict_LoadGlobal() returns NULL without raising
-                         * an exception if the key doesn't exist */
-                        _PyEval_FormatExcCheckArg(tstate, PyExc_NameError,
-                            NAME_ERROR_MSG, name);
-                    }
-                    if (true) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
-                }
-            }
-            else {
-                /* Slow-path if globals or builtins is not a dict */
-                /* namespace 1: globals */
-                if (PyMapping_GetOptionalItem(GLOBALS(), name, &res) < 0) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
-                if (res == NULL) {
-                    /* namespace 2: builtins */
-                    if (PyMapping_GetOptionalItem(BUILTINS(), name, &res) < 0) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
-                    if (res == NULL) {
-                        _PyEval_FormatExcCheckArg(
-                            tstate, PyExc_NameError,
-                            NAME_ERROR_MSG, name);
-                        if (true) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            null = NULL;
-            stack_pointer[0] = res;
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            _PyEval_LoadGlobalStackRef(GLOBALS(), BUILTINS(), name, res);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            if (PyStackRef_IsNull(*res)) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            null = PyStackRef_NULL;
             if (oparg & 1) stack_pointer[1] = null;
             stack_pointer += 1 + (oparg & 1);
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -1467,7 +1793,28 @@
             break;
         }
 
-        case _GUARD_BUILTINS_VERSION: {
+        case _GUARD_GLOBALS_VERSION_PUSH_KEYS: {
+            PyDictKeysObject *globals_keys;
+            uint16_t version = (uint16_t)CURRENT_OPERAND();
+            PyDictObject *dict = (PyDictObject *)GLOBALS();
+            if (!PyDict_CheckExact(dict)) {
+                UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
+                JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
+            }
+            if (dict->ma_keys->dk_version != version) {
+                UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
+                JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
+            }
+            globals_keys = dict->ma_keys;
+            assert(DK_IS_UNICODE(globals_keys));
+            stack_pointer[0].bits = (uintptr_t)globals_keys;
+            stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+            break;
+        }
+
+        case _GUARD_BUILTINS_VERSION_PUSH_KEYS: {
+            PyDictKeysObject *builtins_keys;
             uint16_t version = (uint16_t)CURRENT_OPERAND();
             PyDictObject *dict = (PyDictObject *)BUILTINS();
             if (!PyDict_CheckExact(dict)) {
@@ -1478,63 +1825,79 @@
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
-            assert(DK_IS_UNICODE(dict->ma_keys));
+            builtins_keys = dict->ma_keys;
+            assert(DK_IS_UNICODE(builtins_keys));
+            stack_pointer[0].bits = (uintptr_t)builtins_keys;
+            stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
-        case _LOAD_GLOBAL_MODULE: {
-            PyObject *res;
-            PyObject *null = NULL;
+        case _LOAD_GLOBAL_MODULE_FROM_KEYS: {
+            PyDictKeysObject *globals_keys;
+            _PyStackRef res;
+            _PyStackRef null = PyStackRef_NULL;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
+            globals_keys = (PyDictKeysObject *)stack_pointer[-1].bits;
             uint16_t index = (uint16_t)CURRENT_OPERAND();
-            PyDictObject *dict = (PyDictObject *)GLOBALS();
-            PyDictUnicodeEntry *entries = DK_UNICODE_ENTRIES(dict->ma_keys);
-            res = entries[index].me_value;
-            if (res == NULL) {
+            PyDictUnicodeEntry *entries = DK_UNICODE_ENTRIES(globals_keys);
+            PyObject *res_o = entries[index].me_value;
+            stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+            if (res_o == NULL) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
-            Py_INCREF(res);
+            Py_INCREF(res_o);
             STAT_INC(LOAD_GLOBAL, hit);
-            null = NULL;
+            null = PyStackRef_NULL;
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
             stack_pointer[0] = res;
             if (oparg & 1) stack_pointer[1] = null;
             stack_pointer += 1 + (oparg & 1);
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
-        case _LOAD_GLOBAL_BUILTINS: {
-            PyObject *res;
-            PyObject *null = NULL;
+        case _LOAD_GLOBAL_BUILTINS_FROM_KEYS: {
+            PyDictKeysObject *builtins_keys;
+            _PyStackRef res;
+            _PyStackRef null = PyStackRef_NULL;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
+            builtins_keys = (PyDictKeysObject *)stack_pointer[-1].bits;
             uint16_t index = (uint16_t)CURRENT_OPERAND();
-            PyDictObject *bdict = (PyDictObject *)BUILTINS();
-            PyDictUnicodeEntry *entries = DK_UNICODE_ENTRIES(bdict->ma_keys);
-            res = entries[index].me_value;
-            if (res == NULL) {
+            PyDictUnicodeEntry *entries = DK_UNICODE_ENTRIES(builtins_keys);
+            PyObject *res_o = entries[index].me_value;
+            stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+            if (res_o == NULL) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
-            Py_INCREF(res);
+            Py_INCREF(res_o);
             STAT_INC(LOAD_GLOBAL, hit);
-            null = NULL;
+            null = PyStackRef_NULL;
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
             stack_pointer[0] = res;
             if (oparg & 1) stack_pointer[1] = null;
             stack_pointer += 1 + (oparg & 1);
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _DELETE_FAST: {
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
-            PyObject *v = GETLOCAL(oparg);
-            if (v == NULL) {
+            _PyStackRef v = GETLOCAL(oparg);
+            if (PyStackRef_IsNull(v)) {
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                 _PyEval_FormatExcCheckArg(tstate, PyExc_UnboundLocalError,
                     UNBOUNDLOCAL_ERROR_MSG,
                     PyTuple_GetItem(_PyFrame_GetCode(frame)->co_localsplusnames, oparg)
                 );
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                 if (1) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
             }
-            SETLOCAL(oparg, NULL);
+            SETLOCAL(oparg, PyStackRef_NULL);
             break;
         }
 
@@ -1542,23 +1905,25 @@
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
             // "initial" is probably NULL but not if it's an arg (or set
             // via the f_locals proxy before MAKE_CELL has run).
-            PyObject *initial = GETLOCAL(oparg);
+            PyObject *initial = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(GETLOCAL(oparg));
             PyObject *cell = PyCell_New(initial);
             if (cell == NULL) {
                 JUMP_TO_ERROR();
             }
-            SETLOCAL(oparg, cell);
+            SETLOCAL(oparg, PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(cell));
             break;
         }
 
         case _DELETE_DEREF: {
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
-            PyObject *cell = GETLOCAL(oparg);
+            PyObject *cell = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(GETLOCAL(oparg));
             // Can't use ERROR_IF here.
             // Fortunately we don't need its superpower.
             PyObject *oldobj = PyCell_SwapTakeRef((PyCellObject *)cell, NULL);
             if (oldobj == NULL) {
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                 _PyEval_FormatExcUnbound(tstate, _PyFrame_GetCode(frame), oparg);
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                 JUMP_TO_ERROR();
             }
             Py_DECREF(oldobj);
@@ -1566,51 +1931,66 @@
         }
 
         case _LOAD_FROM_DICT_OR_DEREF: {
-            PyObject *class_dict;
-            PyObject *value;
+            _PyStackRef class_dict_st;
+            _PyStackRef value;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
-            class_dict = stack_pointer[-1];
+            class_dict_st = stack_pointer[-1];
+            PyObject *value_o;
             PyObject *name;
+            PyObject *class_dict = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(class_dict_st);
             assert(class_dict);
             assert(oparg >= 0 && oparg < _PyFrame_GetCode(frame)->co_nlocalsplus);
             name = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(_PyFrame_GetCode(frame)->co_localsplusnames, oparg);
-            if (PyMapping_GetOptionalItem(class_dict, name, &value) < 0) {
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            int err = PyMapping_GetOptionalItem(class_dict, name, &value_o);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            if (err < 0) {
                 JUMP_TO_ERROR();
             }
-            if (!value) {
-                PyCellObject *cell = (PyCellObject *)GETLOCAL(oparg);
-                value = PyCell_GetRef(cell);
-                if (value == NULL) {
+            if (!value_o) {
+                PyCellObject *cell = (PyCellObject *)PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(GETLOCAL(oparg));
+                value_o = PyCell_GetRef(cell);
+                if (value_o == NULL) {
+                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                     _PyEval_FormatExcUnbound(tstate, _PyFrame_GetCode(frame), oparg);
+                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                     JUMP_TO_ERROR();
                 }
             }
-            Py_DECREF(class_dict);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(class_dict_st);
+            value = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(value_o);
             stack_pointer[-1] = value;
             break;
         }
 
         case _LOAD_DEREF: {
-            PyObject *value;
+            _PyStackRef value;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
-            PyCellObject *cell = (PyCellObject *)GETLOCAL(oparg);
-            value = PyCell_GetRef(cell);
-            if (value == NULL) {
+            PyCellObject *cell = (PyCellObject *)PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(GETLOCAL(oparg));
+            PyObject *value_o = PyCell_GetRef(cell);
+            if (value_o == NULL) {
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                 _PyEval_FormatExcUnbound(tstate, _PyFrame_GetCode(frame), oparg);
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                 if (true) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
             }
+            value = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(value_o);
             stack_pointer[0] = value;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _STORE_DEREF: {
-            PyObject *v;
+            _PyStackRef v;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
             v = stack_pointer[-1];
-            PyCellObject *cell = (PyCellObject *)GETLOCAL(oparg);
-            PyCell_SetTakeRef(cell, v);
+            PyCellObject *cell = (PyCellObject *)PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(GETLOCAL(oparg));
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            PyCell_SetTakeRef(cell, PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(v));
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -1618,129 +1998,210 @@
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
             /* Copy closure variables to free variables */
             PyCodeObject *co = _PyFrame_GetCode(frame);
-            assert(PyFunction_Check(frame->f_funcobj));
-            PyObject *closure = ((PyFunctionObject *)frame->f_funcobj)->func_closure;
+            assert(PyStackRef_FunctionCheck(frame->f_funcobj));
+            PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(frame->f_funcobj);
+            PyObject *closure = func->func_closure;
             assert(oparg == co->co_nfreevars);
             int offset = co->co_nlocalsplus - oparg;
             for (int i = 0; i < oparg; ++i) {
                 PyObject *o = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(closure, i);
-                frame->localsplus[offset + i] = Py_NewRef(o);
+                frame->localsplus[offset + i] = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(o);
             }
             break;
         }
 
         case _BUILD_STRING: {
-            PyObject **pieces;
-            PyObject *str;
+            _PyStackRef *pieces;
+            _PyStackRef str;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
             pieces = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
-            str = _PyUnicode_JoinArray(&_Py_STR(empty), pieces, oparg);
+            STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS(pieces, oparg, pieces_o);
+            if (CONVERSION_FAILED(pieces_o)) {
+                for (int _i = oparg; --_i >= 0;) {
+                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(pieces[_i]);
+                }
+                if (true) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            }
+            PyObject *str_o = _PyUnicode_JoinArray(&_Py_STR(empty), pieces_o, oparg);
+            STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS_CLEANUP(pieces_o);
             for (int _i = oparg; --_i >= 0;) {
-                Py_DECREF(pieces[_i]);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(pieces[_i]);
             }
-            if (str == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            if (str_o == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            str = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(str_o);
             stack_pointer[-oparg] = str;
             stack_pointer += 1 - oparg;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _BUILD_TUPLE: {
-            PyObject **values;
-            PyObject *tup;
+            _PyStackRef *values;
+            _PyStackRef tup;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
             values = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
-            tup = _PyTuple_FromArraySteal(values, oparg);
-            if (tup == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            PyObject *tup_o = _PyTuple_FromStackRefSteal(values, oparg);
+            if (tup_o == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            tup = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(tup_o);
             stack_pointer[-oparg] = tup;
             stack_pointer += 1 - oparg;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _BUILD_LIST: {
-            PyObject **values;
-            PyObject *list;
+            _PyStackRef *values;
+            _PyStackRef list;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
             values = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
-            list = _PyList_FromArraySteal(values, oparg);
-            if (list == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            PyObject *list_o = _PyList_FromStackRefSteal(values, oparg);
+            if (list_o == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            list = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(list_o);
             stack_pointer[-oparg] = list;
             stack_pointer += 1 - oparg;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _LIST_EXTEND: {
-            PyObject *iterable;
-            PyObject *list;
+            _PyStackRef iterable_st;
+            _PyStackRef list_st;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
-            iterable = stack_pointer[-1];
-            list = stack_pointer[-2 - (oparg-1)];
+            iterable_st = stack_pointer[-1];
+            list_st = stack_pointer[-2 - (oparg-1)];
+            PyObject *list = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(list_st);
+            PyObject *iterable = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(iterable_st);
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
             PyObject *none_val = _PyList_Extend((PyListObject *)list, iterable);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
             if (none_val == NULL) {
-                if (_PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_TypeError) &&
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                int matches = _PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_TypeError);
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                if (matches &&
                     (Py_TYPE(iterable)->tp_iter == NULL && !PySequence_Check(iterable)))
                 {
+                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                     _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
                     _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
                                   "Value after * must be an iterable, not %.200s",
                                   Py_TYPE(iterable)->tp_name);
+                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                 }
-                Py_DECREF(iterable);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(iterable_st);
                 if (true) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
             }
             assert(Py_IsNone(none_val));
-            Py_DECREF(iterable);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(iterable_st);
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _SET_UPDATE: {
-            PyObject *iterable;
-            PyObject *set;
+            _PyStackRef iterable;
+            _PyStackRef set;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
             iterable = stack_pointer[-1];
             set = stack_pointer[-2 - (oparg-1)];
-            int err = _PySet_Update(set, iterable);
-            Py_DECREF(iterable);
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            int err = _PySet_Update(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(set),
+                                    PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(iterable));
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(iterable);
             if (err < 0) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
-        /* _BUILD_SET is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 because it has both popping and not-popping errors */
+        case _BUILD_SET: {
+            _PyStackRef *values;
+            _PyStackRef set;
+            oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
+            values = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            PyObject *set_o = PySet_New(NULL);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            if (set_o == NULL) {
+                for (int _i = oparg; --_i >= 0;) {
+                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(values[_i]);
+                }
+                if (true) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            }
+            int err = 0;
+            for (int i = 0; i < oparg; i++) {
+                if (err == 0) {
+                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                    err = PySet_Add(set_o, PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(values[i]));
+                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                }
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(values[i]);
+            }
+            if (err != 0) {
+                Py_DECREF(set_o);
+                if (true) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            }
+            set = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(set_o);
+            stack_pointer[-oparg] = set;
+            stack_pointer += 1 - oparg;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+            break;
+        }
 
         case _BUILD_MAP: {
-            PyObject **values;
-            PyObject *map;
+            _PyStackRef *values;
+            _PyStackRef map;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
             values = &stack_pointer[-oparg*2];
-            map = _PyDict_FromItems(
-                                    values, 2,
-                                    values+1, 2,
-                                    oparg);
+            STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS(values, oparg*2, values_o);
+            if (CONVERSION_FAILED(values_o)) {
+                for (int _i = oparg*2; --_i >= 0;) {
+                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(values[_i]);
+                }
+                if (true) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            }
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            PyObject *map_o = _PyDict_FromItems(
+                values_o, 2,
+                values_o+1, 2,
+                oparg);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS_CLEANUP(values_o);
             for (int _i = oparg*2; --_i >= 0;) {
-                Py_DECREF(values[_i]);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(values[_i]);
             }
-            if (map == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            if (map_o == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            map = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(map_o);
             stack_pointer[-oparg*2] = map;
             stack_pointer += 1 - oparg*2;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _SETUP_ANNOTATIONS: {
-            int err;
             PyObject *ann_dict;
             if (LOCALS() == NULL) {
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                 _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_SystemError,
                               "no locals found when setting up annotations");
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                 if (true) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
             }
             /* check if __annotations__ in locals()... */
-            if (PyMapping_GetOptionalItem(LOCALS(), &_Py_ID(__annotations__), &ann_dict) < 0) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            int err = PyMapping_GetOptionalItem(LOCALS(), &_Py_ID(__annotations__), &ann_dict);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            if (err < 0) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
             if (ann_dict == NULL) {
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                 ann_dict = PyDict_New();
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                 if (ann_dict == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                 err = PyObject_SetItem(LOCALS(), &_Py_ID(__annotations__),
                                        ann_dict);
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                 Py_DECREF(ann_dict);
                 if (err) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
             }
@@ -1750,93 +2211,103 @@
             break;
         }
 
-        case _BUILD_CONST_KEY_MAP: {
-            PyObject *keys;
-            PyObject **values;
-            PyObject *map;
-            oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
-            keys = stack_pointer[-1];
-            values = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
-            assert(PyTuple_CheckExact(keys));
-            assert(PyTuple_GET_SIZE(keys) == (Py_ssize_t)oparg);
-            map = _PyDict_FromItems(
-                                    &PyTuple_GET_ITEM(keys, 0), 1,
-                                    values, 1, oparg);
-            for (int _i = oparg; --_i >= 0;) {
-                Py_DECREF(values[_i]);
-            }
-            Py_DECREF(keys);
-            if (map == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
-            stack_pointer[-1 - oparg] = map;
-            stack_pointer += -oparg;
-            break;
-        }
-
         case _DICT_UPDATE: {
-            PyObject *update;
-            PyObject *dict;
+            _PyStackRef update;
+            _PyStackRef dict;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
             update = stack_pointer[-1];
             dict = stack_pointer[-2 - (oparg - 1)];
-            if (PyDict_Update(dict, update) < 0) {
-                if (_PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_AttributeError)) {
+            PyObject *dict_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(dict);
+            PyObject *update_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(update);
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            int err = PyDict_Update(dict_o, update_o);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            if (err < 0) {
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                int matches = _PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_AttributeError);
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                if (matches) {
+                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                     _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
                                   "'%.200s' object is not a mapping",
-                                  Py_TYPE(update)->tp_name);
+                                  Py_TYPE(update_o)->tp_name);
+                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                 }
-                Py_DECREF(update);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(update);
                 if (true) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
             }
-            Py_DECREF(update);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(update);
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _DICT_MERGE: {
-            PyObject *update;
-            PyObject *dict;
-            PyObject *callable;
+            _PyStackRef update;
+            _PyStackRef dict;
+            _PyStackRef callable;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
             update = stack_pointer[-1];
             dict = stack_pointer[-2 - (oparg - 1)];
             callable = stack_pointer[-5 - (oparg - 1)];
-            if (_PyDict_MergeEx(dict, update, 2) < 0) {
-                _PyEval_FormatKwargsError(tstate, callable, update);
-                Py_DECREF(update);
+            PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable);
+            PyObject *dict_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(dict);
+            PyObject *update_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(update);
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            int err = _PyDict_MergeEx(dict_o, update_o, 2);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            if (err < 0) {
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                _PyEval_FormatKwargsError(tstate, callable_o, update_o);
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(update);
                 if (true) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
             }
-            Py_DECREF(update);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(update);
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _MAP_ADD: {
-            PyObject *value;
-            PyObject *key;
-            PyObject *dict;
+            _PyStackRef value;
+            _PyStackRef key;
+            _PyStackRef dict_st;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
             value = stack_pointer[-1];
             key = stack_pointer[-2];
-            dict = stack_pointer[-3 - (oparg - 1)];
+            dict_st = stack_pointer[-3 - (oparg - 1)];
+            PyObject *dict = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(dict_st);
             assert(PyDict_CheckExact(dict));
             /* dict[key] = value */
             // Do not DECREF INPUTS because the function steals the references
-            if (_PyDict_SetItem_Take2((PyDictObject *)dict, key, value) != 0) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            int err = _PyDict_SetItem_Take2(
+                (PyDictObject *)dict,
+                PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(key),
+                PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(value)
+            );
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            if (err != 0) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
             stack_pointer += -2;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         /* _INSTRUMENTED_LOAD_SUPER_ATTR is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 because it is instrumented */
 
         case _LOAD_SUPER_ATTR_ATTR: {
-            PyObject *self;
-            PyObject *class;
-            PyObject *global_super;
-            PyObject *attr;
+            _PyStackRef self_st;
+            _PyStackRef class_st;
+            _PyStackRef global_super_st;
+            _PyStackRef attr_st;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
-            self = stack_pointer[-1];
-            class = stack_pointer[-2];
-            global_super = stack_pointer[-3];
+            self_st = stack_pointer[-1];
+            class_st = stack_pointer[-2];
+            global_super_st = stack_pointer[-3];
+            PyObject *global_super = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(global_super_st);
+            PyObject *class = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(class_st);
+            PyObject *self = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(self_st);
             assert(!(oparg & 1));
             if (global_super != (PyObject *)&PySuper_Type) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
@@ -1848,26 +2319,33 @@
             }
             STAT_INC(LOAD_SUPER_ATTR, hit);
             PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg >> 2);
-            attr = _PySuper_Lookup((PyTypeObject *)class, self, name, NULL);
-            Py_DECREF(global_super);
-            Py_DECREF(class);
-            Py_DECREF(self);
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            PyObject *attr = _PySuper_Lookup((PyTypeObject *)class, self, name, NULL);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(global_super_st);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(class_st);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(self_st);
             if (attr == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
-            stack_pointer[-3] = attr;
+            attr_st = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(attr);
+            stack_pointer[-3] = attr_st;
             stack_pointer += -2;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _LOAD_SUPER_ATTR_METHOD: {
-            PyObject *self;
-            PyObject *class;
-            PyObject *global_super;
-            PyObject *attr;
-            PyObject *self_or_null;
+            _PyStackRef self_st;
+            _PyStackRef class_st;
+            _PyStackRef global_super_st;
+            _PyStackRef attr;
+            _PyStackRef self_or_null;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
-            self = stack_pointer[-1];
-            class = stack_pointer[-2];
-            global_super = stack_pointer[-3];
+            self_st = stack_pointer[-1];
+            class_st = stack_pointer[-2];
+            global_super_st = stack_pointer[-3];
+            PyObject *global_super = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(global_super_st);
+            PyObject *class = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(class_st);
+            PyObject *self = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(self_st);
             assert(oparg & 1);
             if (global_super != (PyObject *)&PySuper_Type) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
@@ -1881,42 +2359,50 @@
             PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg >> 2);
             PyTypeObject *cls = (PyTypeObject *)class;
             int method_found = 0;
-            attr = _PySuper_Lookup(cls, self, name,
-                                   Py_TYPE(self)->tp_getattro == PyObject_GenericGetAttr ? &method_found : NULL);
-            Py_DECREF(global_super);
-            Py_DECREF(class);
-            if (attr == NULL) {
-                Py_DECREF(self);
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            PyObject *attr_o = _PySuper_Lookup(cls, self, name,
+                Py_TYPE(self)->tp_getattro == PyObject_GenericGetAttr ? &method_found : NULL);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(global_super_st);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(class_st);
+            if (attr_o == NULL) {
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(self_st);
                 if (true) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
             }
             if (method_found) {
-                self_or_null = self; // transfer ownership
+                self_or_null = self_st; // transfer ownership
             } else {
-                Py_DECREF(self);
-                self_or_null = NULL;
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(self_st);
+                self_or_null = PyStackRef_NULL;
             }
+            attr = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(attr_o);
             stack_pointer[-3] = attr;
             stack_pointer[-2] = self_or_null;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _LOAD_ATTR: {
-            PyObject *owner;
-            PyObject *attr;
-            PyObject *self_or_null = NULL;
+            _PyStackRef owner;
+            _PyStackRef attr;
+            _PyStackRef self_or_null = PyStackRef_NULL;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
             owner = stack_pointer[-1];
             PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg >> 1);
+            PyObject *attr_o;
             if (oparg & 1) {
                 /* Designed to work in tandem with CALL, pushes two values. */
-                attr = NULL;
-                if (_PyObject_GetMethod(owner, name, &attr)) {
+                attr_o = NULL;
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                int is_meth = _PyObject_GetMethod(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner), name, &attr_o);
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                if (is_meth) {
                     /* We can bypass temporary bound method object.
                        meth is unbound method and obj is self.
                        meth | self | arg1 | ... | argN
                      */
-                    assert(attr != NULL);  // No errors on this branch
+                    assert(attr_o != NULL);  // No errors on this branch
                     self_or_null = owner;  // Transfer ownership
                 }
                 else {
@@ -1926,28 +2412,34 @@
                        CALL that it's not a method call.
                        meth | NULL | arg1 | ... | argN
                      */
-                    Py_DECREF(owner);
-                    if (attr == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
-                    self_or_null = NULL;
+                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(owner);
+                    if (attr_o == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+                    self_or_null = PyStackRef_NULL;
                 }
             }
             else {
                 /* Classic, pushes one value. */
-                attr = PyObject_GetAttr(owner, name);
-                Py_DECREF(owner);
-                if (attr == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
-            }
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                attr_o = PyObject_GetAttr(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner), name);
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(owner);
+                if (attr_o == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+                /* We need to define self_or_null on all paths */
+                self_or_null = PyStackRef_NULL;
+            }
+            attr = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(attr_o);
             stack_pointer[-1] = attr;
             if (oparg & 1) stack_pointer[0] = self_or_null;
             stack_pointer += (oparg & 1);
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _GUARD_TYPE_VERSION: {
-            PyObject *owner;
+            _PyStackRef owner;
             owner = stack_pointer[-1];
             uint32_t type_version = (uint32_t)CURRENT_OPERAND();
-            PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(owner);
+            PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner));
             assert(type_version != 0);
             if (tp->tp_version_tag != type_version) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
@@ -1957,11 +2449,12 @@
         }
 
         case _CHECK_MANAGED_OBJECT_HAS_VALUES: {
-            PyObject *owner;
+            _PyStackRef owner;
             owner = stack_pointer[-1];
-            assert(Py_TYPE(owner)->tp_dictoffset < 0);
-            assert(Py_TYPE(owner)->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_INLINE_VALUES);
-            if (!_PyObject_InlineValues(owner)->valid) {
+            PyObject *owner_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner);
+            assert(Py_TYPE(owner_o)->tp_dictoffset < 0);
+            assert(Py_TYPE(owner_o)->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_INLINE_VALUES);
+            if (!_PyObject_InlineValues(owner_o)->valid) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
@@ -1969,58 +2462,66 @@
         }
 
         case _LOAD_ATTR_INSTANCE_VALUE_0: {
-            PyObject *owner;
-            PyObject *attr;
-            PyObject *null = NULL;
+            _PyStackRef owner;
+            _PyStackRef attr;
+            _PyStackRef null = PyStackRef_NULL;
             (void)null;
             owner = stack_pointer[-1];
-            uint16_t index = (uint16_t)CURRENT_OPERAND();
-            attr = _PyObject_InlineValues(owner)->values[index];
-            if (attr == NULL) {
+            uint16_t offset = (uint16_t)CURRENT_OPERAND();
+            PyObject *owner_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner);
+            PyObject **value_ptr = (PyObject**)(((char *)owner_o) + offset);
+            PyObject *attr_o = *value_ptr;
+            if (attr_o == NULL) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
             STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
-            Py_INCREF(attr);
-            null = NULL;
-            Py_DECREF(owner);
+            Py_INCREF(attr_o);
+            null = PyStackRef_NULL;
+            attr = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(attr_o);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(owner);
             stack_pointer[-1] = attr;
             break;
         }
 
         case _LOAD_ATTR_INSTANCE_VALUE_1: {
-            PyObject *owner;
-            PyObject *attr;
-            PyObject *null = NULL;
+            _PyStackRef owner;
+            _PyStackRef attr;
+            _PyStackRef null = PyStackRef_NULL;
             (void)null;
             owner = stack_pointer[-1];
-            uint16_t index = (uint16_t)CURRENT_OPERAND();
-            attr = _PyObject_InlineValues(owner)->values[index];
-            if (attr == NULL) {
+            uint16_t offset = (uint16_t)CURRENT_OPERAND();
+            PyObject *owner_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner);
+            PyObject **value_ptr = (PyObject**)(((char *)owner_o) + offset);
+            PyObject *attr_o = *value_ptr;
+            if (attr_o == NULL) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
             STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
-            Py_INCREF(attr);
-            null = NULL;
-            Py_DECREF(owner);
+            Py_INCREF(attr_o);
+            null = PyStackRef_NULL;
+            attr = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(attr_o);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(owner);
             stack_pointer[-1] = attr;
             stack_pointer[0] = null;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         /* _LOAD_ATTR_INSTANCE_VALUE is split on (oparg & 1) */
 
         case _CHECK_ATTR_MODULE: {
-            PyObject *owner;
+            _PyStackRef owner;
             owner = stack_pointer[-1];
             uint32_t dict_version = (uint32_t)CURRENT_OPERAND();
-            if (!PyModule_CheckExact(owner)) {
+            PyObject *owner_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner);
+            if (!PyModule_CheckExact(owner_o)) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
-            PyDictObject *dict = (PyDictObject *)((PyModuleObject *)owner)->md_dict;
+            PyDictObject *dict = (PyDictObject *)((PyModuleObject *)owner_o)->md_dict;
             assert(dict != NULL);
             if (dict->ma_keys->dk_version != dict_version) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
@@ -2030,36 +2531,40 @@
         }
 
         case _LOAD_ATTR_MODULE: {
-            PyObject *owner;
-            PyObject *attr;
-            PyObject *null = NULL;
+            _PyStackRef owner;
+            _PyStackRef attr;
+            _PyStackRef null = PyStackRef_NULL;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
             owner = stack_pointer[-1];
             uint16_t index = (uint16_t)CURRENT_OPERAND();
-            PyDictObject *dict = (PyDictObject *)((PyModuleObject *)owner)->md_dict;
+            PyObject *owner_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner);
+            PyDictObject *dict = (PyDictObject *)((PyModuleObject *)owner_o)->md_dict;
             assert(dict->ma_keys->dk_kind == DICT_KEYS_UNICODE);
             assert(index < dict->ma_keys->dk_nentries);
             PyDictUnicodeEntry *ep = DK_UNICODE_ENTRIES(dict->ma_keys) + index;
-            attr = ep->me_value;
-            if (attr == NULL) {
+            PyObject *attr_o = ep->me_value;
+            if (attr_o == NULL) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
             STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
-            Py_INCREF(attr);
-            null = NULL;
-            Py_DECREF(owner);
+            Py_INCREF(attr_o);
+            attr = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(attr_o);
+            null = PyStackRef_NULL;
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(owner);
             stack_pointer[-1] = attr;
             if (oparg & 1) stack_pointer[0] = null;
             stack_pointer += (oparg & 1);
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _CHECK_ATTR_WITH_HINT: {
-            PyObject *owner;
+            _PyStackRef owner;
             owner = stack_pointer[-1];
-            assert(Py_TYPE(owner)->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT);
-            PyDictObject *dict = _PyObject_GetManagedDict(owner);
+            PyObject *owner_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner);
+            assert(Py_TYPE(owner_o)->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT);
+            PyDictObject *dict = _PyObject_GetManagedDict(owner_o);
             if (dict == NULL) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
@@ -2069,104 +2574,106 @@
         }
 
         case _LOAD_ATTR_WITH_HINT: {
-            PyObject *owner;
-            PyObject *attr;
-            PyObject *null = NULL;
+            _PyStackRef owner;
+            _PyStackRef attr;
+            _PyStackRef null = PyStackRef_NULL;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
             owner = stack_pointer[-1];
             uint16_t hint = (uint16_t)CURRENT_OPERAND();
-            PyDictObject *dict = _PyObject_GetManagedDict(owner);
+            PyObject *owner_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner);
+            PyObject *attr_o;
+            PyDictObject *dict = _PyObject_GetManagedDict(owner_o);
             if (hint >= (size_t)dict->ma_keys->dk_nentries) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
             PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg>>1);
-            if (DK_IS_UNICODE(dict->ma_keys)) {
-                PyDictUnicodeEntry *ep = DK_UNICODE_ENTRIES(dict->ma_keys) + hint;
-                if (ep->me_key != name) {
-                    UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
-                    JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
-                }
-                attr = ep->me_value;
+            if (!DK_IS_UNICODE(dict->ma_keys)) {
+                UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
+                JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
-            else {
-                PyDictKeyEntry *ep = DK_ENTRIES(dict->ma_keys) + hint;
-                if (ep->me_key != name) {
-                    UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
-                    JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
-                }
-                attr = ep->me_value;
+            PyDictUnicodeEntry *ep = DK_UNICODE_ENTRIES(dict->ma_keys) + hint;
+            if (ep->me_key != name) {
+                UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
+                JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
-            if (attr == NULL) {
+            attr_o = ep->me_value;
+            if (attr_o == NULL) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
             STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
-            Py_INCREF(attr);
-            null = NULL;
-            Py_DECREF(owner);
+            Py_INCREF(attr_o);
+            attr = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(attr_o);
+            null = PyStackRef_NULL;
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(owner);
             stack_pointer[-1] = attr;
             if (oparg & 1) stack_pointer[0] = null;
             stack_pointer += (oparg & 1);
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _LOAD_ATTR_SLOT_0: {
-            PyObject *owner;
-            PyObject *attr;
-            PyObject *null = NULL;
+            _PyStackRef owner;
+            _PyStackRef attr;
+            _PyStackRef null = PyStackRef_NULL;
             (void)null;
             owner = stack_pointer[-1];
             uint16_t index = (uint16_t)CURRENT_OPERAND();
-            char *addr = (char *)owner + index;
-            attr = *(PyObject **)addr;
-            if (attr == NULL) {
+            PyObject *owner_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner);
+            char *addr = (char *)owner_o + index;
+            PyObject *attr_o = *(PyObject **)addr;
+            if (attr_o == NULL) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
             STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
-            Py_INCREF(attr);
-            null = NULL;
-            Py_DECREF(owner);
+            null = PyStackRef_NULL;
+            attr = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(attr_o);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(owner);
             stack_pointer[-1] = attr;
             break;
         }
 
         case _LOAD_ATTR_SLOT_1: {
-            PyObject *owner;
-            PyObject *attr;
-            PyObject *null = NULL;
+            _PyStackRef owner;
+            _PyStackRef attr;
+            _PyStackRef null = PyStackRef_NULL;
             (void)null;
             owner = stack_pointer[-1];
             uint16_t index = (uint16_t)CURRENT_OPERAND();
-            char *addr = (char *)owner + index;
-            attr = *(PyObject **)addr;
-            if (attr == NULL) {
+            PyObject *owner_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner);
+            char *addr = (char *)owner_o + index;
+            PyObject *attr_o = *(PyObject **)addr;
+            if (attr_o == NULL) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
             STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
-            Py_INCREF(attr);
-            null = NULL;
-            Py_DECREF(owner);
+            null = PyStackRef_NULL;
+            attr = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(attr_o);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(owner);
             stack_pointer[-1] = attr;
             stack_pointer[0] = null;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         /* _LOAD_ATTR_SLOT is split on (oparg & 1) */
 
         case _CHECK_ATTR_CLASS: {
-            PyObject *owner;
+            _PyStackRef owner;
             owner = stack_pointer[-1];
             uint32_t type_version = (uint32_t)CURRENT_OPERAND();
-            if (!PyType_Check(owner)) {
+            PyObject *owner_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner);
+            if (!PyType_Check(owner_o)) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
             assert(type_version != 0);
-            if (((PyTypeObject *)owner)->tp_version_tag != type_version) {
+            if (((PyTypeObject *)owner_o)->tp_version_tag != type_version) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
@@ -2174,55 +2681,88 @@
         }
 
         case _LOAD_ATTR_CLASS_0: {
-            PyObject *owner;
-            PyObject *attr;
-            PyObject *null = NULL;
+            _PyStackRef owner;
+            _PyStackRef attr;
+            _PyStackRef null = PyStackRef_NULL;
             (void)null;
             owner = stack_pointer[-1];
             PyObject *descr = (PyObject *)CURRENT_OPERAND();
             STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
             assert(descr != NULL);
-            attr = Py_NewRef(descr);
-            null = NULL;
-            Py_DECREF(owner);
+            attr = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(descr);
+            null = PyStackRef_NULL;
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(owner);
             stack_pointer[-1] = attr;
             break;
         }
 
         case _LOAD_ATTR_CLASS_1: {
-            PyObject *owner;
-            PyObject *attr;
-            PyObject *null = NULL;
+            _PyStackRef owner;
+            _PyStackRef attr;
+            _PyStackRef null = PyStackRef_NULL;
             (void)null;
             owner = stack_pointer[-1];
             PyObject *descr = (PyObject *)CURRENT_OPERAND();
             STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
             assert(descr != NULL);
-            attr = Py_NewRef(descr);
-            null = NULL;
-            Py_DECREF(owner);
+            attr = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(descr);
+            null = PyStackRef_NULL;
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(owner);
             stack_pointer[-1] = attr;
             stack_pointer[0] = null;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         /* _LOAD_ATTR_CLASS is split on (oparg & 1) */
 
-        /* _LOAD_ATTR_PROPERTY is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 because it uses the 'this_instr' variable */
-
-        /* _LOAD_ATTR_GETATTRIBUTE_OVERRIDDEN is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 because it uses the 'this_instr' variable */
-
-        case _GUARD_DORV_NO_DICT: {
-            PyObject *owner;
-            owner = stack_pointer[-1];
-            assert(Py_TYPE(owner)->tp_dictoffset < 0);
-            assert(Py_TYPE(owner)->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_INLINE_VALUES);
-            if (_PyObject_GetManagedDict(owner)) {
+        case _LOAD_ATTR_PROPERTY_FRAME: {
+            _PyStackRef owner;
+            _PyInterpreterFrame *new_frame;
+            oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
+            owner = stack_pointer[-1];
+            PyObject *fget = (PyObject *)CURRENT_OPERAND();
+            assert((oparg & 1) == 0);
+            assert(Py_IS_TYPE(fget, &PyFunction_Type));
+            PyFunctionObject *f = (PyFunctionObject *)fget;
+            PyCodeObject *code = (PyCodeObject *)f->func_code;
+            if ((code->co_flags & (CO_VARKEYWORDS | CO_VARARGS | CO_OPTIMIZED)) != CO_OPTIMIZED) {
+                UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
+                JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
+            }
+            if (code->co_kwonlyargcount) {
+                UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
+                JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
+            }
+            if (code->co_argcount != 1) {
+                UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
+                JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
+            }
+            if (!_PyThreadState_HasStackSpace(tstate, code->co_framesize)) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
-            if (_PyObject_InlineValues(owner)->valid == 0) {
+            STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
+            new_frame = _PyFrame_PushUnchecked(tstate, PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(fget), 1, frame);
+            new_frame->localsplus[0] = owner;
+            stack_pointer[-1].bits = (uintptr_t)new_frame;
+            break;
+        }
+
+        /* _LOAD_ATTR_GETATTRIBUTE_OVERRIDDEN is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 because it uses the 'this_instr' variable */
+
+        case _GUARD_DORV_NO_DICT: {
+            _PyStackRef owner;
+            owner = stack_pointer[-1];
+            PyObject *owner_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner);
+            assert(Py_TYPE(owner_o)->tp_dictoffset < 0);
+            assert(Py_TYPE(owner_o)->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_INLINE_VALUES);
+            if (_PyObject_GetManagedDict(owner_o)) {
+                UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
+                JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
+            }
+            if (_PyObject_InlineValues(owner_o)->valid == 0) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
@@ -2230,36 +2770,41 @@
         }
 
         case _STORE_ATTR_INSTANCE_VALUE: {
-            PyObject *owner;
-            PyObject *value;
+            _PyStackRef owner;
+            _PyStackRef value;
             owner = stack_pointer[-1];
             value = stack_pointer[-2];
-            uint16_t index = (uint16_t)CURRENT_OPERAND();
+            uint16_t offset = (uint16_t)CURRENT_OPERAND();
+            PyObject *owner_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner);
             STAT_INC(STORE_ATTR, hit);
-            assert(_PyObject_GetManagedDict(owner) == NULL);
-            PyDictValues *values = _PyObject_InlineValues(owner);
-            PyObject *old_value = values->values[index];
-            values->values[index] = value;
+            assert(_PyObject_GetManagedDict(owner_o) == NULL);
+            PyObject **value_ptr = (PyObject**)(((char *)owner_o) + offset);
+            PyObject *old_value = *value_ptr;
+            *value_ptr = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(value);
             if (old_value == NULL) {
+                PyDictValues *values = _PyObject_InlineValues(owner_o);
+                Py_ssize_t index = value_ptr - values->values;
                 _PyDictValues_AddToInsertionOrder(values, index);
             }
             else {
                 Py_DECREF(old_value);
             }
-            Py_DECREF(owner);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(owner);
             stack_pointer += -2;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _STORE_ATTR_WITH_HINT: {
-            PyObject *owner;
-            PyObject *value;
+            _PyStackRef owner;
+            _PyStackRef value;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
             owner = stack_pointer[-1];
             value = stack_pointer[-2];
             uint16_t hint = (uint16_t)CURRENT_OPERAND();
-            assert(Py_TYPE(owner)->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT);
-            PyDictObject *dict = _PyObject_GetManagedDict(owner);
+            PyObject *owner_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner);
+            assert(Py_TYPE(owner_o)->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT);
+            PyDictObject *dict = _PyObject_GetManagedDict(owner_o);
             if (dict == NULL) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
@@ -2270,424 +2815,550 @@
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
-            PyObject *old_value;
-            uint64_t new_version;
-            if (DK_IS_UNICODE(dict->ma_keys)) {
-                PyDictUnicodeEntry *ep = DK_UNICODE_ENTRIES(dict->ma_keys) + hint;
-                if (ep->me_key != name) {
-                    UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
-                    JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
-                }
-                old_value = ep->me_value;
-                if (old_value == NULL) {
-                    UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
-                    JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
-                }
-                new_version = _PyDict_NotifyEvent(tstate->interp, PyDict_EVENT_MODIFIED, dict, name, value);
-                ep->me_value = value;
+            if (!DK_IS_UNICODE(dict->ma_keys)) {
+                UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
+                JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
-            else {
-                PyDictKeyEntry *ep = DK_ENTRIES(dict->ma_keys) + hint;
-                if (ep->me_key != name) {
-                    UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
-                    JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
-                }
-                old_value = ep->me_value;
-                if (old_value == NULL) {
-                    UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
-                    JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
-                }
-                new_version = _PyDict_NotifyEvent(tstate->interp, PyDict_EVENT_MODIFIED, dict, name, value);
-                ep->me_value = value;
+            PyDictUnicodeEntry *ep = DK_UNICODE_ENTRIES(dict->ma_keys) + hint;
+            if (ep->me_key != name) {
+                UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
+                JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
+            }
+            PyObject *old_value = ep->me_value;
+            if (old_value == NULL) {
+                UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
+                JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
-            Py_DECREF(old_value);
-            STAT_INC(STORE_ATTR, hit);
             /* Ensure dict is GC tracked if it needs to be */
-            if (!_PyObject_GC_IS_TRACKED(dict) && _PyObject_GC_MAY_BE_TRACKED(value)) {
+            if (!_PyObject_GC_IS_TRACKED(dict) && _PyObject_GC_MAY_BE_TRACKED(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(value))) {
                 _PyObject_GC_TRACK(dict);
             }
-            /* PEP 509 */
-            dict->ma_version_tag = new_version;
-            Py_DECREF(owner);
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            _PyDict_NotifyEvent(tstate->interp, PyDict_EVENT_MODIFIED, dict, name, PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(value));
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            ep->me_value = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(value);
+            // old_value should be DECREFed after GC track checking is done, if not, it could raise a segmentation fault,
+            // when dict only holds the strong reference to value in ep->me_value.
+            Py_XDECREF(old_value);
+            STAT_INC(STORE_ATTR, hit);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(owner);
             stack_pointer += -2;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _STORE_ATTR_SLOT: {
-            PyObject *owner;
-            PyObject *value;
+            _PyStackRef owner;
+            _PyStackRef value;
             owner = stack_pointer[-1];
             value = stack_pointer[-2];
             uint16_t index = (uint16_t)CURRENT_OPERAND();
-            char *addr = (char *)owner + index;
+            PyObject *owner_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner);
+            char *addr = (char *)owner_o + index;
             STAT_INC(STORE_ATTR, hit);
             PyObject *old_value = *(PyObject **)addr;
-            *(PyObject **)addr = value;
+            *(PyObject **)addr = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(value);
             Py_XDECREF(old_value);
-            Py_DECREF(owner);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(owner);
             stack_pointer += -2;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _COMPARE_OP: {
-            PyObject *right;
-            PyObject *left;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef right;
+            _PyStackRef left;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
             right = stack_pointer[-1];
             left = stack_pointer[-2];
+            PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
+            PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
             assert((oparg >> 5) <= Py_GE);
-            res = PyObject_RichCompare(left, right, oparg >> 5);
-            Py_DECREF(left);
-            Py_DECREF(right);
-            if (res == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            PyObject *res_o = PyObject_RichCompare(left_o, right_o, oparg >> 5);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(left);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(right);
+            if (res_o == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
             if (oparg & 16) {
-                int res_bool = PyObject_IsTrue(res);
-                Py_DECREF(res);
+                stack_pointer += -2;
+                assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                int res_bool = PyObject_IsTrue(res_o);
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                Py_DECREF(res_o);
                 if (res_bool < 0) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
-                res = res_bool ? Py_True : Py_False;
+                res = res_bool ? PyStackRef_True : PyStackRef_False;
             }
-            stack_pointer[-2] = res;
-            stack_pointer += -1;
+            else {
+                res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
+                stack_pointer += -2;
+                assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+            }
+            stack_pointer[0] = res;
+            stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _COMPARE_OP_FLOAT: {
-            PyObject *right;
-            PyObject *left;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef right;
+            _PyStackRef left;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
             right = stack_pointer[-1];
             left = stack_pointer[-2];
+            PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
+            PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
             STAT_INC(COMPARE_OP, hit);
-            double dleft = PyFloat_AS_DOUBLE(left);
-            double dright = PyFloat_AS_DOUBLE(right);
+            double dleft = PyFloat_AS_DOUBLE(left_o);
+            double dright = PyFloat_AS_DOUBLE(right_o);
             // 1 if NaN, 2 if <, 4 if >, 8 if ==; this matches low four bits of the oparg
             int sign_ish = COMPARISON_BIT(dleft, dright);
-            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(left, _PyFloat_ExactDealloc);
-            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(right, _PyFloat_ExactDealloc);
-            res = (sign_ish & oparg) ? Py_True : Py_False;
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED(left, _PyFloat_ExactDealloc);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED(right, _PyFloat_ExactDealloc);
+            res = (sign_ish & oparg) ? PyStackRef_True : PyStackRef_False;
             // It's always a bool, so we don't care about oparg & 16.
             stack_pointer[-2] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _COMPARE_OP_INT: {
-            PyObject *right;
-            PyObject *left;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef right;
+            _PyStackRef left;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
             right = stack_pointer[-1];
             left = stack_pointer[-2];
-            if (!_PyLong_IsCompact((PyLongObject *)left)) {
+            PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
+            PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
+            if (!_PyLong_IsCompact((PyLongObject *)left_o)) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
-            if (!_PyLong_IsCompact((PyLongObject *)right)) {
+            if (!_PyLong_IsCompact((PyLongObject *)right_o)) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
             STAT_INC(COMPARE_OP, hit);
-            assert(_PyLong_DigitCount((PyLongObject *)left) <= 1 &&
-                   _PyLong_DigitCount((PyLongObject *)right) <= 1);
-            Py_ssize_t ileft = _PyLong_CompactValue((PyLongObject *)left);
-            Py_ssize_t iright = _PyLong_CompactValue((PyLongObject *)right);
+            assert(_PyLong_DigitCount((PyLongObject *)left_o) <= 1 &&
+                   _PyLong_DigitCount((PyLongObject *)right_o) <= 1);
+            Py_ssize_t ileft = _PyLong_CompactValue((PyLongObject *)left_o);
+            Py_ssize_t iright = _PyLong_CompactValue((PyLongObject *)right_o);
             // 2 if <, 4 if >, 8 if ==; this matches the low 4 bits of the oparg
             int sign_ish = COMPARISON_BIT(ileft, iright);
-            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(left, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
-            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(right, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
-            res = (sign_ish & oparg) ? Py_True : Py_False;
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED(left, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED(right, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
+            res =  (sign_ish & oparg) ? PyStackRef_True : PyStackRef_False;
             // It's always a bool, so we don't care about oparg & 16.
             stack_pointer[-2] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _COMPARE_OP_STR: {
-            PyObject *right;
-            PyObject *left;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef right;
+            _PyStackRef left;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
             right = stack_pointer[-1];
             left = stack_pointer[-2];
+            PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
+            PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
             STAT_INC(COMPARE_OP, hit);
-            int eq = _PyUnicode_Equal(left, right);
+            int eq = _PyUnicode_Equal(left_o, right_o);
             assert((oparg >> 5) == Py_EQ || (oparg >> 5) == Py_NE);
-            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(left, _PyUnicode_ExactDealloc);
-            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(right, _PyUnicode_ExactDealloc);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED(left, _PyUnicode_ExactDealloc);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED(right, _PyUnicode_ExactDealloc);
             assert(eq == 0 || eq == 1);
             assert((oparg & 0xf) == COMPARISON_NOT_EQUALS || (oparg & 0xf) == COMPARISON_EQUALS);
             assert(COMPARISON_NOT_EQUALS + 1 == COMPARISON_EQUALS);
-            res = ((COMPARISON_NOT_EQUALS + eq) & oparg) ? Py_True : Py_False;
+            res = ((COMPARISON_NOT_EQUALS + eq) & oparg) ? PyStackRef_True : PyStackRef_False;
             // It's always a bool, so we don't care about oparg & 16.
             stack_pointer[-2] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _IS_OP: {
-            PyObject *right;
-            PyObject *left;
-            PyObject *b;
+            _PyStackRef right;
+            _PyStackRef left;
+            _PyStackRef b;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
             right = stack_pointer[-1];
             left = stack_pointer[-2];
-            int res = Py_Is(left, right) ^ oparg;
-            Py_DECREF(left);
-            Py_DECREF(right);
-            b = res ? Py_True : Py_False;
+            #ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+            // On free-threaded builds, objects are conditionally immortalized.
+            // So their bits don't always compare equally.
+            int res = Py_Is(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left), PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right)) ^ oparg;
+            #else
+            int res = PyStackRef_Is(left, right) ^ oparg;
+            #endif
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(left);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(right);
+            b = res ? PyStackRef_True : PyStackRef_False;
             stack_pointer[-2] = b;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _CONTAINS_OP: {
-            PyObject *right;
-            PyObject *left;
-            PyObject *b;
+            _PyStackRef right;
+            _PyStackRef left;
+            _PyStackRef b;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
             right = stack_pointer[-1];
             left = stack_pointer[-2];
-            int res = PySequence_Contains(right, left);
-            Py_DECREF(left);
-            Py_DECREF(right);
+            PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
+            PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            int res = PySequence_Contains(right_o, left_o);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(left);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(right);
             if (res < 0) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
-            b = (res ^ oparg) ? Py_True : Py_False;
+            b = (res ^ oparg) ? PyStackRef_True : PyStackRef_False;
             stack_pointer[-2] = b;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _CONTAINS_OP_SET: {
-            PyObject *right;
-            PyObject *left;
-            PyObject *b;
+            _PyStackRef right;
+            _PyStackRef left;
+            _PyStackRef b;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
             right = stack_pointer[-1];
             left = stack_pointer[-2];
-            if (!(PySet_CheckExact(right) || PyFrozenSet_CheckExact(right))) {
+            PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
+            PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
+            if (!(PySet_CheckExact(right_o) || PyFrozenSet_CheckExact(right_o))) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
             STAT_INC(CONTAINS_OP, hit);
             // Note: both set and frozenset use the same seq_contains method!
-            int res = _PySet_Contains((PySetObject *)right, left);
-            Py_DECREF(left);
-            Py_DECREF(right);
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            int res = _PySet_Contains((PySetObject *)right_o, left_o);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(left);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(right);
             if (res < 0) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
-            b = (res ^ oparg) ? Py_True : Py_False;
+            b = (res ^ oparg) ? PyStackRef_True : PyStackRef_False;
             stack_pointer[-2] = b;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _CONTAINS_OP_DICT: {
-            PyObject *right;
-            PyObject *left;
-            PyObject *b;
+            _PyStackRef right;
+            _PyStackRef left;
+            _PyStackRef b;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
             right = stack_pointer[-1];
             left = stack_pointer[-2];
-            if (!PyDict_CheckExact(right)) {
+            PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
+            PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
+            if (!PyDict_CheckExact(right_o)) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
             STAT_INC(CONTAINS_OP, hit);
-            int res = PyDict_Contains(right, left);
-            Py_DECREF(left);
-            Py_DECREF(right);
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            int res = PyDict_Contains(right_o, left_o);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(left);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(right);
             if (res < 0) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
-            b = (res ^ oparg) ? Py_True : Py_False;
+            b = (res ^ oparg) ? PyStackRef_True : PyStackRef_False;
             stack_pointer[-2] = b;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _CHECK_EG_MATCH: {
-            PyObject *match_type;
-            PyObject *exc_value;
-            PyObject *rest;
-            PyObject *match;
-            match_type = stack_pointer[-1];
-            exc_value = stack_pointer[-2];
-            if (_PyEval_CheckExceptStarTypeValid(tstate, match_type) < 0) {
-                Py_DECREF(exc_value);
-                Py_DECREF(match_type);
+            _PyStackRef match_type_st;
+            _PyStackRef exc_value_st;
+            _PyStackRef rest;
+            _PyStackRef match;
+            match_type_st = stack_pointer[-1];
+            exc_value_st = stack_pointer[-2];
+            PyObject *exc_value = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(exc_value_st);
+            PyObject *match_type = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(match_type_st);
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            int err = _PyEval_CheckExceptStarTypeValid(tstate, match_type);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            if (err < 0) {
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(exc_value_st);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(match_type_st);
                 if (true) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
             }
-            match = NULL;
-            rest = NULL;
+            PyObject *match_o = NULL;
+            PyObject *rest_o = NULL;
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
             int res = _PyEval_ExceptionGroupMatch(exc_value, match_type,
-                &match, &rest);
-            Py_DECREF(exc_value);
-            Py_DECREF(match_type);
+                &match_o, &rest_o);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(exc_value_st);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(match_type_st);
             if (res < 0) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
-            assert((match == NULL) == (rest == NULL));
-            if (match == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
-            if (!Py_IsNone(match)) {
-                PyErr_SetHandledException(match);
-            }
+            assert((match_o == NULL) == (rest_o == NULL));
+            if (match_o == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            if (!Py_IsNone(match_o)) {
+                stack_pointer += -2;
+                assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                PyErr_SetHandledException(match_o);
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                stack_pointer += 2;
+                assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+            }
+            rest = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(rest_o);
+            match = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(match_o);
             stack_pointer[-2] = rest;
             stack_pointer[-1] = match;
             break;
         }
 
         case _CHECK_EXC_MATCH: {
-            PyObject *right;
-            PyObject *left;
-            PyObject *b;
+            _PyStackRef right;
+            _PyStackRef left;
+            _PyStackRef b;
             right = stack_pointer[-1];
             left = stack_pointer[-2];
-            assert(PyExceptionInstance_Check(left));
-            if (_PyEval_CheckExceptTypeValid(tstate, right) < 0) {
-                Py_DECREF(right);
+            PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
+            PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
+            assert(PyExceptionInstance_Check(left_o));
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            int err = _PyEval_CheckExceptTypeValid(tstate, right_o);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            if (err < 0) {
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(right);
                 if (true) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
             }
-            int res = PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(left, right);
-            Py_DECREF(right);
-            b = res ? Py_True : Py_False;
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            int res = PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(left_o, right_o);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(right);
+            b = res ? PyStackRef_True : PyStackRef_False;
             stack_pointer[-1] = b;
             break;
         }
 
+        case _IMPORT_NAME: {
+            _PyStackRef fromlist;
+            _PyStackRef level;
+            _PyStackRef res;
+            oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
+            fromlist = stack_pointer[-1];
+            level = stack_pointer[-2];
+            PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg);
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            PyObject *res_o = _PyEval_ImportName(tstate, frame, name,
+                PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(fromlist),
+                PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(level));
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(level);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(fromlist);
+            if (res_o == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
+            stack_pointer[-2] = res;
+            stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+            break;
+        }
+
+        case _IMPORT_FROM: {
+            _PyStackRef from;
+            _PyStackRef res;
+            oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
+            from = stack_pointer[-1];
+            PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg);
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            PyObject *res_o = _PyEval_ImportFrom(tstate, PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(from), name);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            if (res_o == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
+            stack_pointer[0] = res;
+            stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+            break;
+        }
+
         /* _POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 because it is replaced */
 
         /* _POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 because it is replaced */
 
         case _IS_NONE: {
-            PyObject *value;
-            PyObject *b;
+            _PyStackRef value;
+            _PyStackRef b;
             value = stack_pointer[-1];
-            if (Py_IsNone(value)) {
-                b = Py_True;
+            if (PyStackRef_Is(value, PyStackRef_None)) {
+                b = PyStackRef_True;
             }
             else {
-                b = Py_False;
-                Py_DECREF(value);
+                b = PyStackRef_False;
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(value);
             }
             stack_pointer[-1] = b;
             break;
         }
 
         case _GET_LEN: {
-            PyObject *obj;
-            PyObject *len_o;
+            _PyStackRef obj;
+            _PyStackRef len;
             obj = stack_pointer[-1];
             // PUSH(len(TOS))
-            Py_ssize_t len_i = PyObject_Length(obj);
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            Py_ssize_t len_i = PyObject_Length(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(obj));
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
             if (len_i < 0) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
-            len_o = PyLong_FromSsize_t(len_i);
+            PyObject *len_o = PyLong_FromSsize_t(len_i);
             if (len_o == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
-            stack_pointer[0] = len_o;
+            len = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(len_o);
+            stack_pointer[0] = len;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _MATCH_CLASS: {
-            PyObject *names;
-            PyObject *type;
-            PyObject *subject;
-            PyObject *attrs;
+            _PyStackRef names;
+            _PyStackRef type;
+            _PyStackRef subject;
+            _PyStackRef attrs;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
             names = stack_pointer[-1];
             type = stack_pointer[-2];
             subject = stack_pointer[-3];
             // Pop TOS and TOS1. Set TOS to a tuple of attributes on success, or
             // None on failure.
-            assert(PyTuple_CheckExact(names));
-            attrs = _PyEval_MatchClass(tstate, subject, type, oparg, names);
-            Py_DECREF(subject);
-            Py_DECREF(type);
-            Py_DECREF(names);
-            if (attrs) {
-                assert(PyTuple_CheckExact(attrs));  // Success!
+            assert(PyTuple_CheckExact(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(names)));
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            PyObject *attrs_o = _PyEval_MatchClass(tstate,
+                PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(subject),
+                PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(type), oparg,
+                PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(names));
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(subject);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(type);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(names);
+            if (attrs_o) {
+                assert(PyTuple_CheckExact(attrs_o));  // Success!
+                attrs = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(attrs_o);
             }
             else {
                 if (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
                 // Error!
-                attrs = Py_None;  // Failure!
+                attrs = PyStackRef_None;  // Failure!
             }
             stack_pointer[-3] = attrs;
             stack_pointer += -2;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _MATCH_MAPPING: {
-            PyObject *subject;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef subject;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             subject = stack_pointer[-1];
-            int match = Py_TYPE(subject)->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_MAPPING;
-            res = match ? Py_True : Py_False;
+            int match = PyStackRef_TYPE(subject)->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_MAPPING;
+            res = match ? PyStackRef_True : PyStackRef_False;
             stack_pointer[0] = res;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _MATCH_SEQUENCE: {
-            PyObject *subject;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef subject;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             subject = stack_pointer[-1];
-            int match = Py_TYPE(subject)->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_SEQUENCE;
-            res = match ? Py_True : Py_False;
+            int match = PyStackRef_TYPE(subject)->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_SEQUENCE;
+            res = match ? PyStackRef_True : PyStackRef_False;
             stack_pointer[0] = res;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _MATCH_KEYS: {
-            PyObject *keys;
-            PyObject *subject;
-            PyObject *values_or_none;
+            _PyStackRef keys;
+            _PyStackRef subject;
+            _PyStackRef values_or_none;
             keys = stack_pointer[-1];
             subject = stack_pointer[-2];
             // On successful match, PUSH(values). Otherwise, PUSH(None).
-            values_or_none = _PyEval_MatchKeys(tstate, subject, keys);
-            if (values_or_none == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            PyObject *values_or_none_o = _PyEval_MatchKeys(tstate,
+                PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(subject), PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(keys));
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            if (values_or_none_o == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            values_or_none = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(values_or_none_o);
             stack_pointer[0] = values_or_none;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _GET_ITER: {
-            PyObject *iterable;
-            PyObject *iter;
+            _PyStackRef iterable;
+            _PyStackRef iter;
             iterable = stack_pointer[-1];
             /* before: [obj]; after [getiter(obj)] */
-            iter = PyObject_GetIter(iterable);
-            Py_DECREF(iterable);
-            if (iter == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            PyObject *iter_o = PyObject_GetIter(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(iterable));
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(iterable);
+            if (iter_o == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            iter = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(iter_o);
             stack_pointer[-1] = iter;
             break;
         }
 
         case _GET_YIELD_FROM_ITER: {
-            PyObject *iterable;
-            PyObject *iter;
+            _PyStackRef iterable;
+            _PyStackRef iter;
             iterable = stack_pointer[-1];
             /* before: [obj]; after [getiter(obj)] */
-            if (PyCoro_CheckExact(iterable)) {
+            PyObject *iterable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(iterable);
+            if (PyCoro_CheckExact(iterable_o)) {
                 /* `iterable` is a coroutine */
                 if (!(_PyFrame_GetCode(frame)->co_flags & (CO_COROUTINE | CO_ITERABLE_COROUTINE))) {
                     /* and it is used in a 'yield from' expression of a
                        regular generator. */
+                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                     _PyErr_SetString(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
                                      "cannot 'yield from' a coroutine object "
                                      "in a non-coroutine generator");
+                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                     JUMP_TO_ERROR();
                 }
                 iter = iterable;
             }
-            else if (PyGen_CheckExact(iterable)) {
-                iter = iterable;
-            }
             else {
-                /* `iterable` is not a generator. */
-                iter = PyObject_GetIter(iterable);
-                if (iter == NULL) {
-                    JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+                if (PyGen_CheckExact(iterable_o)) {
+                    iter = iterable;
+                }
+                else {
+                    /* `iterable` is not a generator. */
+                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                    iter = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(PyObject_GetIter(iterable_o));
+                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                    if (PyStackRef_IsNull(iter)) {
+                        JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+                    }
+                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(iterable);
                 }
-                Py_DECREF(iterable);
             }
             stack_pointer[-1] = iter;
             break;
@@ -2696,17 +3367,26 @@
         /* _FOR_ITER is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 because it is replaced */
 
         case _FOR_ITER_TIER_TWO: {
-            PyObject *iter;
-            PyObject *next;
+            _PyStackRef iter;
+            _PyStackRef next;
             iter = stack_pointer[-1];
             /* before: [iter]; after: [iter, iter()] *or* [] (and jump over END_FOR.) */
-            next = (*Py_TYPE(iter)->tp_iternext)(iter);
-            if (next == NULL) {
+            PyObject *iter_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(iter);
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            PyObject *next_o = (*Py_TYPE(iter_o)->tp_iternext)(iter_o);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            if (next_o == NULL) {
                 if (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
-                    if (!_PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_StopIteration)) {
+                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                    int matches = _PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_StopIteration);
+                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                    if (!matches) {
                         JUMP_TO_ERROR();
                     }
+                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                    _PyEval_MonitorRaise(tstate, frame, frame->instr_ptr);
                     _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
+                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                 }
                 /* iterator ended normally */
                 /* The translator sets the deopt target just past the matching END_FOR */
@@ -2715,18 +3395,20 @@
                     JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
                 }
             }
+            next = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(next_o);
             // Common case: no jump, leave it to the code generator
             stack_pointer[0] = next;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         /* _INSTRUMENTED_FOR_ITER is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 because it is instrumented */
 
         case _ITER_CHECK_LIST: {
-            PyObject *iter;
+            _PyStackRef iter;
             iter = stack_pointer[-1];
-            if (Py_TYPE(iter) != &PyListIter_Type) {
+            if (Py_TYPE(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(iter)) != &PyListIter_Type) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
@@ -2736,41 +3418,47 @@
         /* _ITER_JUMP_LIST is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 because it is replaced */
 
         case _GUARD_NOT_EXHAUSTED_LIST: {
-            PyObject *iter;
+            _PyStackRef iter;
             iter = stack_pointer[-1];
-            _PyListIterObject *it = (_PyListIterObject *)iter;
-            assert(Py_TYPE(iter) == &PyListIter_Type);
+            PyObject *iter_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(iter);
+            _PyListIterObject *it = (_PyListIterObject *)iter_o;
+            assert(Py_TYPE(iter_o) == &PyListIter_Type);
             PyListObject *seq = it->it_seq;
             if (seq == NULL) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
             if ((size_t)it->it_index >= (size_t)PyList_GET_SIZE(seq)) {
-                UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
-                JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
+                it->it_index = -1;
+                if (1) {
+                    UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
+                    JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
+                }
             }
             break;
         }
 
         case _ITER_NEXT_LIST: {
-            PyObject *iter;
-            PyObject *next;
+            _PyStackRef iter;
+            _PyStackRef next;
             iter = stack_pointer[-1];
-            _PyListIterObject *it = (_PyListIterObject *)iter;
-            assert(Py_TYPE(iter) == &PyListIter_Type);
+            PyObject *iter_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(iter);
+            _PyListIterObject *it = (_PyListIterObject *)iter_o;
+            assert(Py_TYPE(iter_o) == &PyListIter_Type);
             PyListObject *seq = it->it_seq;
             assert(seq);
             assert(it->it_index < PyList_GET_SIZE(seq));
-            next = Py_NewRef(PyList_GET_ITEM(seq, it->it_index++));
+            next = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(PyList_GET_ITEM(seq, it->it_index++));
             stack_pointer[0] = next;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _ITER_CHECK_TUPLE: {
-            PyObject *iter;
+            _PyStackRef iter;
             iter = stack_pointer[-1];
-            if (Py_TYPE(iter) != &PyTupleIter_Type) {
+            if (Py_TYPE(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(iter)) != &PyTupleIter_Type) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
@@ -2780,10 +3468,11 @@
         /* _ITER_JUMP_TUPLE is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 because it is replaced */
 
         case _GUARD_NOT_EXHAUSTED_TUPLE: {
-            PyObject *iter;
+            _PyStackRef iter;
             iter = stack_pointer[-1];
-            _PyTupleIterObject *it = (_PyTupleIterObject *)iter;
-            assert(Py_TYPE(iter) == &PyTupleIter_Type);
+            PyObject *iter_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(iter);
+            _PyTupleIterObject *it = (_PyTupleIterObject *)iter_o;
+            assert(Py_TYPE(iter_o) == &PyTupleIter_Type);
             PyTupleObject *seq = it->it_seq;
             if (seq == NULL) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
@@ -2797,24 +3486,26 @@
         }
 
         case _ITER_NEXT_TUPLE: {
-            PyObject *iter;
-            PyObject *next;
+            _PyStackRef iter;
+            _PyStackRef next;
             iter = stack_pointer[-1];
-            _PyTupleIterObject *it = (_PyTupleIterObject *)iter;
-            assert(Py_TYPE(iter) == &PyTupleIter_Type);
+            PyObject *iter_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(iter);
+            _PyTupleIterObject *it = (_PyTupleIterObject *)iter_o;
+            assert(Py_TYPE(iter_o) == &PyTupleIter_Type);
             PyTupleObject *seq = it->it_seq;
             assert(seq);
             assert(it->it_index < PyTuple_GET_SIZE(seq));
-            next = Py_NewRef(PyTuple_GET_ITEM(seq, it->it_index++));
+            next = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(PyTuple_GET_ITEM(seq, it->it_index++));
             stack_pointer[0] = next;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _ITER_CHECK_RANGE: {
-            PyObject *iter;
+            _PyStackRef iter;
             iter = stack_pointer[-1];
-            _PyRangeIterObject *r = (_PyRangeIterObject *)iter;
+            _PyRangeIterObject *r = (_PyRangeIterObject *)PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(iter);
             if (Py_TYPE(r) != &PyRangeIter_Type) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
@@ -2825,9 +3516,9 @@
         /* _ITER_JUMP_RANGE is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 because it is replaced */
 
         case _GUARD_NOT_EXHAUSTED_RANGE: {
-            PyObject *iter;
+            _PyStackRef iter;
             iter = stack_pointer[-1];
-            _PyRangeIterObject *r = (_PyRangeIterObject *)iter;
+            _PyRangeIterObject *r = (_PyRangeIterObject *)PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(iter);
             assert(Py_TYPE(r) == &PyRangeIter_Type);
             if (r->len <= 0) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
@@ -2837,28 +3528,30 @@
         }
 
         case _ITER_NEXT_RANGE: {
-            PyObject *iter;
-            PyObject *next;
+            _PyStackRef iter;
+            _PyStackRef next;
             iter = stack_pointer[-1];
-            _PyRangeIterObject *r = (_PyRangeIterObject *)iter;
+            _PyRangeIterObject *r = (_PyRangeIterObject *)PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(iter);
             assert(Py_TYPE(r) == &PyRangeIter_Type);
             assert(r->len > 0);
             long value = r->start;
             r->start = value + r->step;
             r->len--;
-            next = PyLong_FromLong(value);
-            if (next == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            PyObject *res = PyLong_FromLong(value);
+            if (res == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            next = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res);
             stack_pointer[0] = next;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _FOR_ITER_GEN_FRAME: {
-            PyObject *iter;
+            _PyStackRef iter;
             _PyInterpreterFrame *gen_frame;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
             iter = stack_pointer[-1];
-            PyGenObject *gen = (PyGenObject *)iter;
+            PyGenObject *gen = (PyGenObject *)PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(iter);
             if (Py_TYPE(gen) != &PyGen_Type) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
@@ -2868,83 +3561,130 @@
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
             STAT_INC(FOR_ITER, hit);
-            gen_frame = (_PyInterpreterFrame *)gen->gi_iframe;
-            _PyFrame_StackPush(gen_frame, Py_None);
+            gen_frame = &gen->gi_iframe;
+            _PyFrame_StackPush(gen_frame, PyStackRef_None);
             gen->gi_frame_state = FRAME_EXECUTING;
             gen->gi_exc_state.previous_item = tstate->exc_info;
             tstate->exc_info = &gen->gi_exc_state;
+            gen_frame->previous = frame;
             // oparg is the return offset from the next instruction.
             frame->return_offset = (uint16_t)(1 + INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_FOR_ITER + oparg);
-            stack_pointer[0] = (PyObject *)gen_frame;
+            stack_pointer[0].bits = (uintptr_t)gen_frame;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
-        /* _BEFORE_ASYNC_WITH is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 because it has both popping and not-popping errors */
-
-        /* _BEFORE_WITH is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 because it has both popping and not-popping errors */
+        case _LOAD_SPECIAL: {
+            _PyStackRef owner;
+            _PyStackRef attr;
+            _PyStackRef self_or_null;
+            oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
+            owner = stack_pointer[-1];
+            assert(oparg <= SPECIAL_MAX);
+            PyObject *owner_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(owner);
+            PyObject *name = _Py_SpecialMethods[oparg].name;
+            PyObject *self_or_null_o;
+            stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            PyObject *attr_o = _PyObject_LookupSpecialMethod(owner_o, name, &self_or_null_o);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            if (attr_o == NULL) {
+                if (!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
+                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                    _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
+                                  _Py_SpecialMethods[oparg].error,
+                                  Py_TYPE(owner_o)->tp_name);
+                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                }
+                if (true) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            }
+            attr = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(attr_o);
+            self_or_null = self_or_null_o == NULL ?
+            PyStackRef_NULL : PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(self_or_null_o);
+            stack_pointer[0] = attr;
+            stack_pointer[1] = self_or_null;
+            stack_pointer += 2;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+            break;
+        }
 
         case _WITH_EXCEPT_START: {
-            PyObject *val;
-            PyObject *lasti;
-            PyObject *exit_func;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef val;
+            _PyStackRef lasti;
+            _PyStackRef exit_self;
+            _PyStackRef exit_func;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             val = stack_pointer[-1];
             lasti = stack_pointer[-3];
-            exit_func = stack_pointer[-4];
+            exit_self = stack_pointer[-4];
+            exit_func = stack_pointer[-5];
             /* At the top of the stack are 4 values:
                - val: TOP = exc_info()
                - unused: SECOND = previous exception
                - lasti: THIRD = lasti of exception in exc_info()
-               - exit_func: FOURTH = the context.__exit__ bound method
+               - exit_self: FOURTH = the context or NULL
+               - exit_func: FIFTH = the context.__exit__ function or context.__exit__ bound method
                We call FOURTH(type(TOP), TOP, GetTraceback(TOP)).
                Then we push the __exit__ return value.
              */
             PyObject *exc, *tb;
-            assert(val && PyExceptionInstance_Check(val));
-            exc = PyExceptionInstance_Class(val);
-            tb = PyException_GetTraceback(val);
+            PyObject *val_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(val);
+            PyObject *exit_func_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(exit_func);
+            assert(val_o && PyExceptionInstance_Check(val_o));
+            exc = PyExceptionInstance_Class(val_o);
+            tb = PyException_GetTraceback(val_o);
             if (tb == NULL) {
                 tb = Py_None;
             }
             else {
                 Py_DECREF(tb);
             }
-            assert(PyLong_Check(lasti));
+            assert(PyStackRef_LongCheck(lasti));
             (void)lasti; // Shut up compiler warning if asserts are off
-            PyObject *stack[4] = {NULL, exc, val, tb};
-            res = PyObject_Vectorcall(exit_func, stack + 1,
-                                      3 | PY_VECTORCALL_ARGUMENTS_OFFSET, NULL);
-            if (res == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            PyObject *stack[5] = {NULL, PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(exit_self), exc, val_o, tb};
+            int has_self = !PyStackRef_IsNull(exit_self);
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            PyObject *res_o = PyObject_Vectorcall(exit_func_o, stack + 2 - has_self,
+                (3 + has_self) | PY_VECTORCALL_ARGUMENTS_OFFSET, NULL);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            if (res_o == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
             stack_pointer[0] = res;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _PUSH_EXC_INFO: {
-            PyObject *new_exc;
-            PyObject *prev_exc;
-            new_exc = stack_pointer[-1];
+            _PyStackRef exc;
+            _PyStackRef prev_exc;
+            _PyStackRef new_exc;
+            exc = stack_pointer[-1];
             _PyErr_StackItem *exc_info = tstate->exc_info;
             if (exc_info->exc_value != NULL) {
-                prev_exc = exc_info->exc_value;
+                prev_exc = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(exc_info->exc_value);
             }
             else {
-                prev_exc = Py_None;
+                prev_exc = PyStackRef_None;
             }
-            assert(PyExceptionInstance_Check(new_exc));
-            exc_info->exc_value = Py_NewRef(new_exc);
+            assert(PyStackRef_ExceptionInstanceCheck(exc));
+            exc_info->exc_value = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectNew(exc);
+            new_exc = exc;
             stack_pointer[-1] = prev_exc;
             stack_pointer[0] = new_exc;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _GUARD_DORV_VALUES_INST_ATTR_FROM_DICT: {
-            PyObject *owner;
+            _PyStackRef owner;
             owner = stack_pointer[-1];
-            assert(Py_TYPE(owner)->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_INLINE_VALUES);
-            if (!_PyObject_InlineValues(owner)->valid) {
+            PyObject *owner_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner);
+            assert(Py_TYPE(owner_o)->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_INLINE_VALUES);
+            if (!_PyObject_InlineValues(owner_o)->valid) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
@@ -2952,10 +3692,10 @@
         }
 
         case _GUARD_KEYS_VERSION: {
-            PyObject *owner;
+            _PyStackRef owner;
             owner = stack_pointer[-1];
             uint32_t keys_version = (uint32_t)CURRENT_OPERAND();
-            PyTypeObject *owner_cls = Py_TYPE(owner);
+            PyTypeObject *owner_cls = Py_TYPE(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner));
             PyHeapTypeObject *owner_heap_type = (PyHeapTypeObject *)owner_cls;
             if (owner_heap_type->ht_cached_keys->dk_version != keys_version) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
@@ -2965,9 +3705,9 @@
         }
 
         case _LOAD_ATTR_METHOD_WITH_VALUES: {
-            PyObject *owner;
-            PyObject *attr;
-            PyObject *self = NULL;
+            _PyStackRef owner;
+            _PyStackRef attr;
+            _PyStackRef self = PyStackRef_NULL;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
             owner = stack_pointer[-1];
             PyObject *descr = (PyObject *)CURRENT_OPERAND();
@@ -2975,71 +3715,73 @@
             /* Cached method object */
             STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
             assert(descr != NULL);
-            attr = Py_NewRef(descr);
-            assert(_PyType_HasFeature(Py_TYPE(attr), Py_TPFLAGS_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR));
+            assert(_PyType_HasFeature(Py_TYPE(descr), Py_TPFLAGS_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR));
+            attr = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(descr);
             self = owner;
             stack_pointer[-1] = attr;
             stack_pointer[0] = self;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _LOAD_ATTR_METHOD_NO_DICT: {
-            PyObject *owner;
-            PyObject *attr;
-            PyObject *self = NULL;
+            _PyStackRef owner;
+            _PyStackRef attr;
+            _PyStackRef self = PyStackRef_NULL;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
             owner = stack_pointer[-1];
             PyObject *descr = (PyObject *)CURRENT_OPERAND();
             assert(oparg & 1);
-            assert(Py_TYPE(owner)->tp_dictoffset == 0);
+            assert(Py_TYPE(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner))->tp_dictoffset == 0);
             STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
             assert(descr != NULL);
             assert(_PyType_HasFeature(Py_TYPE(descr), Py_TPFLAGS_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR));
-            attr = Py_NewRef(descr);
+            attr = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(descr);
             self = owner;
             stack_pointer[-1] = attr;
             stack_pointer[0] = self;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _LOAD_ATTR_NONDESCRIPTOR_WITH_VALUES: {
-            PyObject *owner;
-            PyObject *attr;
+            _PyStackRef owner;
+            _PyStackRef attr;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
             owner = stack_pointer[-1];
             PyObject *descr = (PyObject *)CURRENT_OPERAND();
             assert((oparg & 1) == 0);
             STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
             assert(descr != NULL);
-            Py_DECREF(owner);
-            attr = Py_NewRef(descr);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(owner);
+            attr = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(descr);
             stack_pointer[-1] = attr;
             break;
         }
 
         case _LOAD_ATTR_NONDESCRIPTOR_NO_DICT: {
-            PyObject *owner;
-            PyObject *attr;
+            _PyStackRef owner;
+            _PyStackRef attr;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
             owner = stack_pointer[-1];
             PyObject *descr = (PyObject *)CURRENT_OPERAND();
             assert((oparg & 1) == 0);
-            assert(Py_TYPE(owner)->tp_dictoffset == 0);
+            assert(Py_TYPE(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner))->tp_dictoffset == 0);
             STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
             assert(descr != NULL);
-            Py_DECREF(owner);
-            attr = Py_NewRef(descr);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(owner);
+            attr = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(descr);
             stack_pointer[-1] = attr;
             break;
         }
 
         case _CHECK_ATTR_METHOD_LAZY_DICT: {
-            PyObject *owner;
+            _PyStackRef owner;
             owner = stack_pointer[-1];
             uint16_t dictoffset = (uint16_t)CURRENT_OPERAND();
-            char *ptr = ((char *)owner) + MANAGED_DICT_OFFSET + dictoffset;
+            char *ptr = ((char *)PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner)) + MANAGED_DICT_OFFSET + dictoffset;
             PyObject *dict = *(PyObject **)ptr;
             /* This object has a __dict__, just not yet created */
             if (dict != NULL) {
@@ -3050,9 +3792,9 @@
         }
 
         case _LOAD_ATTR_METHOD_LAZY_DICT: {
-            PyObject *owner;
-            PyObject *attr;
-            PyObject *self = NULL;
+            _PyStackRef owner;
+            _PyStackRef attr;
+            _PyStackRef self = PyStackRef_NULL;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
             owner = stack_pointer[-1];
             PyObject *descr = (PyObject *)CURRENT_OPERAND();
@@ -3060,66 +3802,92 @@
             STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
             assert(descr != NULL);
             assert(_PyType_HasFeature(Py_TYPE(descr), Py_TPFLAGS_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR));
-            attr = Py_NewRef(descr);
+            attr = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(descr);
             self = owner;
             stack_pointer[-1] = attr;
             stack_pointer[0] = self;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
-        /* _INSTRUMENTED_CALL is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 because it is instrumented */
-
-        /* _CALL is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 because it uses the 'this_instr' variable */
-
-        case _CHECK_PERIODIC: {
-            CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
+        case _MAYBE_EXPAND_METHOD: {
+            _PyStackRef *args;
+            _PyStackRef *self_or_null;
+            _PyStackRef *callable;
+            _PyStackRef *func;
+            _PyStackRef *maybe_self;
+            oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
+            args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
+            self_or_null = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
+            callable = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+            func = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+            maybe_self = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
+            if (PyStackRef_TYPE(callable[0]) == &PyMethod_Type && PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])) {
+                PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
+                PyObject *self = ((PyMethodObject *)callable_o)->im_self;
+                maybe_self[0] = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(self);
+                PyObject *method = ((PyMethodObject *)callable_o)->im_func;
+                _PyStackRef temp = callable[0];
+                func[0] = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(method);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(temp);
+            }
             break;
         }
 
+        /* _DO_CALL is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 because it uses the 'this_instr' variable */
+
+        /* _MONITOR_CALL is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 because it uses the 'this_instr' variable */
+
         case _PY_FRAME_GENERAL: {
-            PyObject **args;
-            PyObject *self_or_null;
-            PyObject *callable;
+            _PyStackRef *args;
+            _PyStackRef *self_or_null;
+            _PyStackRef *callable;
             _PyInterpreterFrame *new_frame;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
             args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
-            self_or_null = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
-            callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+            self_or_null = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
+            callable = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+            PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
             // oparg counts all of the args, but *not* self:
             int total_args = oparg;
-            if (self_or_null != NULL) {
+            if (!PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])) {
                 args--;
                 total_args++;
             }
-            assert(Py_TYPE(callable) == &PyFunction_Type);
-            int code_flags = ((PyCodeObject*)PyFunction_GET_CODE(callable))->co_flags;
-            PyObject *locals = code_flags & CO_OPTIMIZED ? NULL : Py_NewRef(PyFunction_GET_GLOBALS(callable));
-            new_frame = _PyEvalFramePushAndInit(
-                tstate, (PyFunctionObject *)callable, locals,
-                args, total_args, NULL
+            assert(Py_TYPE(callable_o) == &PyFunction_Type);
+            int code_flags = ((PyCodeObject*)PyFunction_GET_CODE(callable_o))->co_flags;
+            PyObject *locals = code_flags & CO_OPTIMIZED ? NULL : Py_NewRef(PyFunction_GET_GLOBALS(callable_o));
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            _PyInterpreterFrame *temp = _PyEvalFramePushAndInit(
+                tstate, callable[0], locals,
+                args, total_args, NULL, frame
             );
-            // The frame has stolen all the arguments from the stack,
-            // so there is no need to clean them up.
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            // The frame has stolen all the arguments from the stack.
             stack_pointer += -2 - oparg;
-            if (new_frame == NULL) {
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+            if (temp == NULL) {
                 JUMP_TO_ERROR();
             }
-            stack_pointer[0] = (PyObject *)new_frame;
+            new_frame = temp;
+            stack_pointer[0].bits = (uintptr_t)new_frame;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _CHECK_FUNCTION_VERSION: {
-            PyObject *callable;
+            _PyStackRef *callable;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
-            callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+            callable = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
             uint32_t func_version = (uint32_t)CURRENT_OPERAND();
-            if (!PyFunction_Check(callable)) {
+            PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
+            if (!PyFunction_Check(callable_o)) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
-            PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)callable;
+            PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)callable_o;
             if (func->func_version != func_version) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
@@ -3128,17 +3896,18 @@
         }
 
         case _CHECK_METHOD_VERSION: {
-            PyObject *null;
-            PyObject *callable;
+            _PyStackRef *null;
+            _PyStackRef *callable;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
-            null = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
-            callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+            null = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
+            callable = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
             uint32_t func_version = (uint32_t)CURRENT_OPERAND();
-            if (Py_TYPE(callable) != &PyMethod_Type) {
+            PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
+            if (Py_TYPE(callable_o) != &PyMethod_Type) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
-            PyObject *func = ((PyMethodObject *)callable)->im_func;
+            PyObject *func = ((PyMethodObject *)callable_o)->im_func;
             if (!PyFunction_Check(func)) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
@@ -3147,7 +3916,7 @@
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
-            if (null != NULL) {
+            if (!PyStackRef_IsNull(null[0])) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
@@ -3155,36 +3924,36 @@
         }
 
         case _EXPAND_METHOD: {
-            PyObject *null;
-            PyObject *callable;
-            PyObject *method;
-            PyObject *self;
+            _PyStackRef *null;
+            _PyStackRef *callable;
+            _PyStackRef *method;
+            _PyStackRef *self;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
-            null = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
-            callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
-            assert(null == NULL);
-            assert(Py_TYPE(callable) == &PyMethod_Type);
-            self = ((PyMethodObject *)callable)->im_self;
-            Py_INCREF(self);
-            stack_pointer[-1 - oparg] = self;  // Patch stack as it is used by _PY_FRAME_GENERAL
-            method = ((PyMethodObject *)callable)->im_func;
-            assert(PyFunction_Check(method));
-            Py_INCREF(method);
-            Py_DECREF(callable);
-            stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = method;
-            stack_pointer[-1 - oparg] = self;
+            null = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
+            callable = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+            method = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+            self = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
+            PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
+            assert(PyStackRef_IsNull(null[0]));
+            assert(Py_TYPE(callable_o) == &PyMethod_Type);
+            self[0] = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(((PyMethodObject *)callable_o)->im_self);
+            _PyStackRef temp = callable[0];
+            method[0] = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(((PyMethodObject *)callable_o)->im_func);
+            assert(PyStackRef_FunctionCheck(method[0]));
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(temp);
             break;
         }
 
         case _CHECK_IS_NOT_PY_CALLABLE: {
-            PyObject *callable;
+            _PyStackRef *callable;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
-            callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
-            if (PyFunction_Check(callable)) {
+            callable = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+            PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
+            if (PyFunction_Check(callable_o)) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
-            if (Py_TYPE(callable) == &PyMethod_Type) {
+            if (Py_TYPE(callable_o) == &PyMethod_Type) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
@@ -3192,49 +3961,64 @@
         }
 
         case _CALL_NON_PY_GENERAL: {
-            PyObject **args;
-            PyObject *self_or_null;
-            PyObject *callable;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef *args;
+            _PyStackRef *self_or_null;
+            _PyStackRef *callable;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
             args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
-            self_or_null = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
-            callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+            self_or_null = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
+            callable = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
             #if TIER_ONE
             assert(opcode != INSTRUMENTED_CALL);
             #endif
+            PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
             int total_args = oparg;
-            if (self_or_null != NULL) {
+            if (!PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])) {
                 args--;
                 total_args++;
             }
             /* Callable is not a normal Python function */
-            res = PyObject_Vectorcall(
-                                      callable, args,
-                                      total_args | PY_VECTORCALL_ARGUMENTS_OFFSET,
-                                      NULL);
-            assert((res != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
-            Py_DECREF(callable);
+            STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS(args, total_args, args_o);
+            if (CONVERSION_FAILED(args_o)) {
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(self_or_null[0]);
+                for (int _i = oparg; --_i >= 0;) {
+                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(args[_i]);
+                }
+                if (true) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            }
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            PyObject *res_o = PyObject_Vectorcall(
+                callable_o, args_o,
+                total_args | PY_VECTORCALL_ARGUMENTS_OFFSET,
+                NULL);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS_CLEANUP(args_o);
+            assert((res_o != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
             for (int i = 0; i < total_args; i++) {
-                Py_DECREF(args[i]);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(args[i]);
             }
-            if (res == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            if (res_o == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
             stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _CHECK_CALL_BOUND_METHOD_EXACT_ARGS: {
-            PyObject *null;
-            PyObject *callable;
+            _PyStackRef *null;
+            _PyStackRef *callable;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
-            null = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
-            callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
-            if (null != NULL) {
+            null = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
+            callable = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+            if (!PyStackRef_IsNull(null[0])) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
-            if (Py_TYPE(callable) != &PyMethod_Type) {
+            if (Py_TYPE(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0])) != &PyMethod_Type) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
@@ -3242,19 +4026,21 @@
         }
 
         case _INIT_CALL_BOUND_METHOD_EXACT_ARGS: {
-            PyObject *callable;
-            PyObject *func;
-            PyObject *self;
+            _PyStackRef *null;
+            _PyStackRef *callable;
+            _PyStackRef *func;
+            _PyStackRef *self;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
-            callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+            null = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
+            callable = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+            func = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+            self = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
+            PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
             STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
-            self = Py_NewRef(((PyMethodObject *)callable)->im_self);
-            stack_pointer[-1 - oparg] = self;  // Patch stack as it is used by _INIT_CALL_PY_EXACT_ARGS
-            func = Py_NewRef(((PyMethodObject *)callable)->im_func);
-            stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = func;  // This is used by CALL, upon deoptimization
-            Py_DECREF(callable);
-            stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = func;
-            stack_pointer[-1 - oparg] = self;
+            self[0] = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(((PyMethodObject *)callable_o)->im_self);
+            _PyStackRef temp = callable[0];
+            func[0] = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(((PyMethodObject *)callable_o)->im_func);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(temp);
             break;
         }
 
@@ -3267,15 +4053,16 @@
         }
 
         case _CHECK_FUNCTION_EXACT_ARGS: {
-            PyObject *self_or_null;
-            PyObject *callable;
+            _PyStackRef *self_or_null;
+            _PyStackRef *callable;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
-            self_or_null = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
-            callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
-            assert(PyFunction_Check(callable));
-            PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)callable;
+            self_or_null = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
+            callable = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+            PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
+            assert(PyFunction_Check(callable_o));
+            PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)callable_o;
             PyCodeObject *code = (PyCodeObject *)func->func_code;
-            if (code->co_argcount != oparg + (self_or_null != NULL)) {
+            if (code->co_argcount != oparg + (!PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0]))) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
@@ -3283,10 +4070,11 @@
         }
 
         case _CHECK_STACK_SPACE: {
-            PyObject *callable;
+            _PyStackRef *callable;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
-            callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
-            PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)callable;
+            callable = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+            PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
+            PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)callable_o;
             PyCodeObject *code = (PyCodeObject *)func->func_code;
             if (!_PyThreadState_HasStackSpace(tstate, code->co_framesize)) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
@@ -3300,159 +4088,161 @@
         }
 
         case _INIT_CALL_PY_EXACT_ARGS_0: {
-            PyObject **args;
-            PyObject *self_or_null;
-            PyObject *callable;
+            _PyStackRef *args;
+            _PyStackRef *self_or_null;
+            _PyStackRef *callable;
             _PyInterpreterFrame *new_frame;
             oparg = 0;
             assert(oparg == CURRENT_OPARG());
             args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
-            self_or_null = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
-            callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
-            int has_self = (self_or_null != NULL);
+            self_or_null = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
+            callable = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+            int has_self = !PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0]);
             STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
-            PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)callable;
-            new_frame = _PyFrame_PushUnchecked(tstate, func, oparg + has_self);
-            PyObject **first_non_self_local = new_frame->localsplus + has_self;
-            new_frame->localsplus[0] = self_or_null;
+            new_frame = _PyFrame_PushUnchecked(tstate, callable[0], oparg + has_self, frame);
+            _PyStackRef *first_non_self_local = new_frame->localsplus + has_self;
+            new_frame->localsplus[0] = self_or_null[0];
             for (int i = 0; i < oparg; i++) {
                 first_non_self_local[i] = args[i];
             }
-            stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = (PyObject *)new_frame;
+            stack_pointer[-2 - oparg].bits = (uintptr_t)new_frame;
             stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _INIT_CALL_PY_EXACT_ARGS_1: {
-            PyObject **args;
-            PyObject *self_or_null;
-            PyObject *callable;
+            _PyStackRef *args;
+            _PyStackRef *self_or_null;
+            _PyStackRef *callable;
             _PyInterpreterFrame *new_frame;
             oparg = 1;
             assert(oparg == CURRENT_OPARG());
             args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
-            self_or_null = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
-            callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
-            int has_self = (self_or_null != NULL);
+            self_or_null = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
+            callable = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+            int has_self = !PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0]);
             STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
-            PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)callable;
-            new_frame = _PyFrame_PushUnchecked(tstate, func, oparg + has_self);
-            PyObject **first_non_self_local = new_frame->localsplus + has_self;
-            new_frame->localsplus[0] = self_or_null;
+            new_frame = _PyFrame_PushUnchecked(tstate, callable[0], oparg + has_self, frame);
+            _PyStackRef *first_non_self_local = new_frame->localsplus + has_self;
+            new_frame->localsplus[0] = self_or_null[0];
             for (int i = 0; i < oparg; i++) {
                 first_non_self_local[i] = args[i];
             }
-            stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = (PyObject *)new_frame;
+            stack_pointer[-2 - oparg].bits = (uintptr_t)new_frame;
             stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _INIT_CALL_PY_EXACT_ARGS_2: {
-            PyObject **args;
-            PyObject *self_or_null;
-            PyObject *callable;
+            _PyStackRef *args;
+            _PyStackRef *self_or_null;
+            _PyStackRef *callable;
             _PyInterpreterFrame *new_frame;
             oparg = 2;
             assert(oparg == CURRENT_OPARG());
             args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
-            self_or_null = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
-            callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
-            int has_self = (self_or_null != NULL);
+            self_or_null = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
+            callable = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+            int has_self = !PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0]);
             STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
-            PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)callable;
-            new_frame = _PyFrame_PushUnchecked(tstate, func, oparg + has_self);
-            PyObject **first_non_self_local = new_frame->localsplus + has_self;
-            new_frame->localsplus[0] = self_or_null;
+            new_frame = _PyFrame_PushUnchecked(tstate, callable[0], oparg + has_self, frame);
+            _PyStackRef *first_non_self_local = new_frame->localsplus + has_self;
+            new_frame->localsplus[0] = self_or_null[0];
             for (int i = 0; i < oparg; i++) {
                 first_non_self_local[i] = args[i];
             }
-            stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = (PyObject *)new_frame;
+            stack_pointer[-2 - oparg].bits = (uintptr_t)new_frame;
             stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _INIT_CALL_PY_EXACT_ARGS_3: {
-            PyObject **args;
-            PyObject *self_or_null;
-            PyObject *callable;
+            _PyStackRef *args;
+            _PyStackRef *self_or_null;
+            _PyStackRef *callable;
             _PyInterpreterFrame *new_frame;
             oparg = 3;
             assert(oparg == CURRENT_OPARG());
             args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
-            self_or_null = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
-            callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
-            int has_self = (self_or_null != NULL);
+            self_or_null = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
+            callable = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+            int has_self = !PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0]);
             STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
-            PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)callable;
-            new_frame = _PyFrame_PushUnchecked(tstate, func, oparg + has_self);
-            PyObject **first_non_self_local = new_frame->localsplus + has_self;
-            new_frame->localsplus[0] = self_or_null;
+            new_frame = _PyFrame_PushUnchecked(tstate, callable[0], oparg + has_self, frame);
+            _PyStackRef *first_non_self_local = new_frame->localsplus + has_self;
+            new_frame->localsplus[0] = self_or_null[0];
             for (int i = 0; i < oparg; i++) {
                 first_non_self_local[i] = args[i];
             }
-            stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = (PyObject *)new_frame;
+            stack_pointer[-2 - oparg].bits = (uintptr_t)new_frame;
             stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _INIT_CALL_PY_EXACT_ARGS_4: {
-            PyObject **args;
-            PyObject *self_or_null;
-            PyObject *callable;
+            _PyStackRef *args;
+            _PyStackRef *self_or_null;
+            _PyStackRef *callable;
             _PyInterpreterFrame *new_frame;
             oparg = 4;
             assert(oparg == CURRENT_OPARG());
             args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
-            self_or_null = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
-            callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
-            int has_self = (self_or_null != NULL);
+            self_or_null = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
+            callable = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+            int has_self = !PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0]);
             STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
-            PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)callable;
-            new_frame = _PyFrame_PushUnchecked(tstate, func, oparg + has_self);
-            PyObject **first_non_self_local = new_frame->localsplus + has_self;
-            new_frame->localsplus[0] = self_or_null;
+            new_frame = _PyFrame_PushUnchecked(tstate, callable[0], oparg + has_self, frame);
+            _PyStackRef *first_non_self_local = new_frame->localsplus + has_self;
+            new_frame->localsplus[0] = self_or_null[0];
             for (int i = 0; i < oparg; i++) {
                 first_non_self_local[i] = args[i];
             }
-            stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = (PyObject *)new_frame;
+            stack_pointer[-2 - oparg].bits = (uintptr_t)new_frame;
             stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _INIT_CALL_PY_EXACT_ARGS: {
-            PyObject **args;
-            PyObject *self_or_null;
-            PyObject *callable;
+            _PyStackRef *args;
+            _PyStackRef *self_or_null;
+            _PyStackRef *callable;
             _PyInterpreterFrame *new_frame;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
             args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
-            self_or_null = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
-            callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
-            int has_self = (self_or_null != NULL);
+            self_or_null = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
+            callable = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+            int has_self = !PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0]);
             STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
-            PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)callable;
-            new_frame = _PyFrame_PushUnchecked(tstate, func, oparg + has_self);
-            PyObject **first_non_self_local = new_frame->localsplus + has_self;
-            new_frame->localsplus[0] = self_or_null;
+            new_frame = _PyFrame_PushUnchecked(tstate, callable[0], oparg + has_self, frame);
+            _PyStackRef *first_non_self_local = new_frame->localsplus + has_self;
+            new_frame->localsplus[0] = self_or_null[0];
             for (int i = 0; i < oparg; i++) {
                 first_non_self_local[i] = args[i];
             }
-            stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = (PyObject *)new_frame;
+            stack_pointer[-2 - oparg].bits = (uintptr_t)new_frame;
             stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _PUSH_FRAME: {
             _PyInterpreterFrame *new_frame;
-            new_frame = (_PyInterpreterFrame *)stack_pointer[-1];
+            new_frame = (_PyInterpreterFrame *)stack_pointer[-1].bits;
             // Write it out explicitly because it's subtly different.
             // Eventually this should be the only occurrence of this code.
             assert(tstate->interp->eval_frame == NULL);
+            _PyInterpreterFrame *temp = new_frame;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
-            new_frame->previous = frame;
+            assert(new_frame->previous == frame || new_frame->previous->previous == frame);
             CALL_STAT_INC(inlined_py_calls);
-            frame = tstate->current_frame = new_frame;
+            frame = tstate->current_frame = temp;
             tstate->py_recursion_remaining--;
             LOAD_SP();
             LOAD_IP(0);
@@ -3461,149 +4251,263 @@
         }
 
         case _CALL_TYPE_1: {
-            PyObject *arg;
-            PyObject *null;
-            PyObject *callable;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef arg;
+            _PyStackRef null;
+            _PyStackRef callable;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
             arg = stack_pointer[-1];
             null = stack_pointer[-2];
             callable = stack_pointer[-3];
+            PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable);
+            PyObject *arg_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(arg);
             assert(oparg == 1);
-            if (null != NULL) {
+            if (!PyStackRef_IsNull(null)) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
-            if (callable != (PyObject *)&PyType_Type) {
+            if (callable_o != (PyObject *)&PyType_Type) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
             STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
-            res = Py_NewRef(Py_TYPE(arg));
-            Py_DECREF(arg);
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(Py_NewRef(Py_TYPE(arg_o)));
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(arg);
             stack_pointer[-3] = res;
             stack_pointer += -2;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _CALL_STR_1: {
-            PyObject *arg;
-            PyObject *null;
-            PyObject *callable;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef arg;
+            _PyStackRef null;
+            _PyStackRef callable;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
             arg = stack_pointer[-1];
             null = stack_pointer[-2];
             callable = stack_pointer[-3];
+            PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable);
+            PyObject *arg_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(arg);
             assert(oparg == 1);
-            if (null != NULL) {
+            if (!PyStackRef_IsNull(null)) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
-            if (callable != (PyObject *)&PyUnicode_Type) {
+            if (callable_o != (PyObject *)&PyUnicode_Type) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
             STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
-            res = PyObject_Str(arg);
-            Py_DECREF(arg);
-            if (res == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            PyObject *res_o = PyObject_Str(arg_o);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(arg);
+            if (res_o == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
             stack_pointer[-3] = res;
             stack_pointer += -2;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _CALL_TUPLE_1: {
-            PyObject *arg;
-            PyObject *null;
-            PyObject *callable;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef arg;
+            _PyStackRef null;
+            _PyStackRef callable;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
             arg = stack_pointer[-1];
             null = stack_pointer[-2];
             callable = stack_pointer[-3];
+            PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable);
+            PyObject *arg_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(arg);
             assert(oparg == 1);
-            if (null != NULL) {
+            if (!PyStackRef_IsNull(null)) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
-            if (callable != (PyObject *)&PyTuple_Type) {
+            if (callable_o != (PyObject *)&PyTuple_Type) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
             STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
-            res = PySequence_Tuple(arg);
-            Py_DECREF(arg);
-            if (res == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            PyObject *res_o = PySequence_Tuple(arg_o);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(arg);
+            if (res_o == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
             stack_pointer[-3] = res;
             stack_pointer += -2;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
-        /* _CALL_ALLOC_AND_ENTER_INIT is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 because it uses the 'this_instr' variable */
+        case _CHECK_AND_ALLOCATE_OBJECT: {
+            _PyStackRef *args;
+            _PyStackRef *null;
+            _PyStackRef *callable;
+            _PyStackRef *init;
+            _PyStackRef *self;
+            oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
+            args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
+            null = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
+            callable = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+            init = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+            self = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
+            uint32_t type_version = (uint32_t)CURRENT_OPERAND();
+            PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
+            if (!PyStackRef_IsNull(null[0])) {
+                UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
+                JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
+            }
+            if (!PyType_Check(callable_o)) {
+                UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
+                JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
+            }
+            PyTypeObject *tp = (PyTypeObject *)callable_o;
+            if (tp->tp_version_tag != type_version) {
+                UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
+                JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
+            }
+            assert(tp->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_INLINE_VALUES);
+            PyHeapTypeObject *cls = (PyHeapTypeObject *)callable_o;
+            PyFunctionObject *init_func = (PyFunctionObject *)cls->_spec_cache.init;
+            PyCodeObject *code = (PyCodeObject *)init_func->func_code;
+            if (!_PyThreadState_HasStackSpace(tstate, code->co_framesize + _Py_InitCleanup.co_framesize)) {
+                UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
+                JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
+            }
+            STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
+            PyObject *self_o = _PyType_NewManagedObject(tp);
+            if (self_o == NULL) {
+                JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            }
+            self[0] = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(self_o);
+            _PyStackRef temp = callable[0];
+            init[0] = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(init_func);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(temp);
+            break;
+        }
+
+        case _CREATE_INIT_FRAME: {
+            _PyStackRef *args;
+            _PyStackRef *self;
+            _PyStackRef *init;
+            _PyInterpreterFrame *init_frame;
+            oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
+            args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
+            self = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
+            init = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            _PyInterpreterFrame *shim = _PyFrame_PushTrampolineUnchecked(
+                tstate, (PyCodeObject *)&_Py_InitCleanup, 1, frame);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            assert(_PyCode_CODE(_PyFrame_GetCode(shim))[0].op.code == EXIT_INIT_CHECK);
+            /* Push self onto stack of shim */
+            shim->localsplus[0] = PyStackRef_DUP(self[0]);
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            init_frame = _PyEvalFramePushAndInit(
+                tstate, init[0], NULL, args-1, oparg+1, NULL, shim);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            stack_pointer[-2 - oparg].bits = (uintptr_t)init_frame;
+            stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+            if (init_frame == NULL) {
+                _PyEval_FrameClearAndPop(tstate, shim);
+                JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            }
+            frame->return_offset = 1 + INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL;
+            /* Account for pushing the extra frame.
+             * We don't check recursion depth here,
+             * as it will be checked after start_frame */
+            tstate->py_recursion_remaining--;
+            break;
+        }
 
         case _EXIT_INIT_CHECK: {
-            PyObject *should_be_none;
+            _PyStackRef should_be_none;
             should_be_none = stack_pointer[-1];
             assert(STACK_LEVEL() == 2);
-            if (should_be_none != Py_None) {
+            if (!PyStackRef_Is(should_be_none, PyStackRef_None)) {
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                 PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
                              "__init__() should return None, not '%.200s'",
-                             Py_TYPE(should_be_none)->tp_name);
+                             Py_TYPE(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(should_be_none))->tp_name);
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                 JUMP_TO_ERROR();
             }
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _CALL_BUILTIN_CLASS: {
-            PyObject **args;
-            PyObject *self_or_null;
-            PyObject *callable;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef *args;
+            _PyStackRef *self_or_null;
+            _PyStackRef *callable;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
             args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
-            self_or_null = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
-            callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+            self_or_null = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
+            callable = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+            PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
             int total_args = oparg;
-            if (self_or_null != NULL) {
+            if (!PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])) {
                 args--;
                 total_args++;
             }
-            if (!PyType_Check(callable)) {
+            if (!PyType_Check(callable_o)) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
-            PyTypeObject *tp = (PyTypeObject *)callable;
+            PyTypeObject *tp = (PyTypeObject *)callable_o;
             if (tp->tp_vectorcall == NULL) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
             STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
-            res = tp->tp_vectorcall((PyObject *)tp, args, total_args, NULL);
+            STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS(args, total_args, args_o);
+            if (CONVERSION_FAILED(args_o)) {
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(self_or_null[0]);
+                for (int _i = oparg; --_i >= 0;) {
+                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(args[_i]);
+                }
+                if (true) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            }
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            PyObject *res_o = tp->tp_vectorcall((PyObject *)tp, args_o, total_args, NULL);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS_CLEANUP(args_o);
             /* Free the arguments. */
             for (int i = 0; i < total_args; i++) {
-                Py_DECREF(args[i]);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(args[i]);
             }
-            Py_DECREF(tp);
-            if (res == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
+            if (res_o == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
             stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _CALL_BUILTIN_O: {
-            PyObject **args;
-            PyObject *self_or_null;
-            PyObject *callable;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef *args;
+            _PyStackRef *self_or_null;
+            _PyStackRef *callable;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
             args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
-            self_or_null = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
-            callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+            self_or_null = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
+            callable = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
             /* Builtin METH_O functions */
+            PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
             int total_args = oparg;
-            if (self_or_null != NULL) {
+            if (!PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])) {
                 args--;
                 total_args++;
             }
@@ -3611,11 +4515,11 @@
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
-            if (!PyCFunction_CheckExact(callable)) {
+            if (!PyCFunction_CheckExact(callable_o)) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
-            if (PyCFunction_GET_FLAGS(callable) != METH_O) {
+            if (PyCFunction_GET_FLAGS(callable_o) != METH_O) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
@@ -3625,115 +4529,152 @@
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
             STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
-            PyCFunction cfunc = PyCFunction_GET_FUNCTION(callable);
-            PyObject *arg = args[0];
+            PyCFunction cfunc = PyCFunction_GET_FUNCTION(callable_o);
+            _PyStackRef arg = args[0];
             _Py_EnterRecursiveCallTstateUnchecked(tstate);
-            res = _PyCFunction_TrampolineCall(cfunc, PyCFunction_GET_SELF(callable), arg);
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            PyObject *res_o = _PyCFunction_TrampolineCall(cfunc, PyCFunction_GET_SELF(callable_o), PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(arg));
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
             _Py_LeaveRecursiveCallTstate(tstate);
-            assert((res != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
-            Py_DECREF(arg);
-            Py_DECREF(callable);
-            if (res == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            assert((res_o != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(arg);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
+            if (res_o == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
             stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _CALL_BUILTIN_FAST: {
-            PyObject **args;
-            PyObject *self_or_null;
-            PyObject *callable;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef *args;
+            _PyStackRef *self_or_null;
+            _PyStackRef *callable;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
             args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
-            self_or_null = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
-            callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+            self_or_null = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
+            callable = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
             /* Builtin METH_FASTCALL functions, without keywords */
+            PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
             int total_args = oparg;
-            if (self_or_null != NULL) {
+            if (!PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])) {
                 args--;
                 total_args++;
             }
-            if (!PyCFunction_CheckExact(callable)) {
+            if (!PyCFunction_CheckExact(callable_o)) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
-            if (PyCFunction_GET_FLAGS(callable) != METH_FASTCALL) {
+            if (PyCFunction_GET_FLAGS(callable_o) != METH_FASTCALL) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
             STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
-            PyCFunction cfunc = PyCFunction_GET_FUNCTION(callable);
+            PyCFunction cfunc = PyCFunction_GET_FUNCTION(callable_o);
             /* res = func(self, args, nargs) */
-            res = ((PyCFunctionFast)(void(*)(void))cfunc)(
-                PyCFunction_GET_SELF(callable),
-                args,
+            STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS(args, total_args, args_o);
+            if (CONVERSION_FAILED(args_o)) {
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(self_or_null[0]);
+                for (int _i = oparg; --_i >= 0;) {
+                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(args[_i]);
+                }
+                if (true) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            }
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            PyObject *res_o = ((PyCFunctionFast)(void(*)(void))cfunc)(
+                PyCFunction_GET_SELF(callable_o),
+                args_o,
                 total_args);
-            assert((res != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS_CLEANUP(args_o);
+            assert((res_o != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
             /* Free the arguments. */
             for (int i = 0; i < total_args; i++) {
-                Py_DECREF(args[i]);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(args[i]);
             }
-            Py_DECREF(callable);
-            if (res == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
+            if (res_o == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
             stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _CALL_BUILTIN_FAST_WITH_KEYWORDS: {
-            PyObject **args;
-            PyObject *self_or_null;
-            PyObject *callable;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef *args;
+            _PyStackRef *self_or_null;
+            _PyStackRef *callable;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
             args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
-            self_or_null = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
-            callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+            self_or_null = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
+            callable = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
             /* Builtin METH_FASTCALL | METH_KEYWORDS functions */
+            PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
             int total_args = oparg;
-            if (self_or_null != NULL) {
+            if (!PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])) {
                 args--;
                 total_args++;
             }
-            if (!PyCFunction_CheckExact(callable)) {
+            if (!PyCFunction_CheckExact(callable_o)) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
-            if (PyCFunction_GET_FLAGS(callable) != (METH_FASTCALL | METH_KEYWORDS)) {
+            if (PyCFunction_GET_FLAGS(callable_o) != (METH_FASTCALL | METH_KEYWORDS)) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
             STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
             /* res = func(self, args, nargs, kwnames) */
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
             PyCFunctionFastWithKeywords cfunc =
             (PyCFunctionFastWithKeywords)(void(*)(void))
-            PyCFunction_GET_FUNCTION(callable);
-            res = cfunc(PyCFunction_GET_SELF(callable), args, total_args, NULL);
-            assert((res != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
+            PyCFunction_GET_FUNCTION(callable_o);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS(args, total_args, args_o);
+            if (CONVERSION_FAILED(args_o)) {
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(self_or_null[0]);
+                for (int _i = oparg; --_i >= 0;) {
+                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(args[_i]);
+                }
+                if (true) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            }
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            PyObject *res_o = cfunc(PyCFunction_GET_SELF(callable_o), args_o, total_args, NULL);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS_CLEANUP(args_o);
+            assert((res_o != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
             /* Free the arguments. */
             for (int i = 0; i < total_args; i++) {
-                Py_DECREF(args[i]);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(args[i]);
             }
-            Py_DECREF(callable);
-            if (res == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
+            if (res_o == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
             stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _CALL_LEN: {
-            PyObject **args;
-            PyObject *self_or_null;
-            PyObject *callable;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef *args;
+            _PyStackRef *self_or_null;
+            _PyStackRef *callable;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
             args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
-            self_or_null = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
-            callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+            self_or_null = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
+            callable = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
             /* len(o) */
+            PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
             int total_args = oparg;
-            if (self_or_null != NULL) {
+            if (!PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])) {
                 args--;
                 total_args++;
             }
@@ -3742,40 +4683,46 @@
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
             PyInterpreterState *interp = tstate->interp;
-            if (callable != interp->callable_cache.len) {
+            if (callable_o != interp->callable_cache.len) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
             STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
-            PyObject *arg = args[0];
+            _PyStackRef arg_stackref = args[0];
+            PyObject *arg = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(arg_stackref);
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
             Py_ssize_t len_i = PyObject_Length(arg);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
             if (len_i < 0) {
                 JUMP_TO_ERROR();
             }
-            res = PyLong_FromSsize_t(len_i);
-            assert((res != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
-            if (res == NULL) {
+            PyObject *res_o = PyLong_FromSsize_t(len_i);
+            assert((res_o != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
+            if (res_o == NULL) {
                 GOTO_ERROR(error);
             }
-            Py_DECREF(callable);
-            Py_DECREF(arg);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(arg_stackref);
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
             stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _CALL_ISINSTANCE: {
-            PyObject **args;
-            PyObject *self_or_null;
-            PyObject *callable;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef *args;
+            _PyStackRef *self_or_null;
+            _PyStackRef *callable;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
             args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
-            self_or_null = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
-            callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+            self_or_null = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
+            callable = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
             /* isinstance(o, o2) */
+            PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
             int total_args = oparg;
-            if (self_or_null != NULL) {
+            if (!PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])) {
                 args--;
                 total_args++;
             }
@@ -3784,45 +4731,83 @@
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
             PyInterpreterState *interp = tstate->interp;
-            if (callable != interp->callable_cache.isinstance) {
+            if (callable_o != interp->callable_cache.isinstance) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
             STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
-            PyObject *cls = args[1];
-            PyObject *inst = args[0];
-            int retval = PyObject_IsInstance(inst, cls);
+            _PyStackRef cls_stackref = args[1];
+            _PyStackRef inst_stackref = args[0];
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            int retval = PyObject_IsInstance(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(inst_stackref), PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(cls_stackref));
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
             if (retval < 0) {
                 JUMP_TO_ERROR();
             }
-            res = PyBool_FromLong(retval);
-            assert((res != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
-            if (res == NULL) {
-                GOTO_ERROR(error);
-            }
-            Py_DECREF(inst);
-            Py_DECREF(cls);
-            Py_DECREF(callable);
+            res = retval ? PyStackRef_True : PyStackRef_False;
+            assert((!PyStackRef_IsNull(res)) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(inst_stackref);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(cls_stackref);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
             stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+            break;
+        }
+
+        case _CALL_LIST_APPEND: {
+            _PyStackRef arg;
+            _PyStackRef self;
+            _PyStackRef callable;
+            oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
+            arg = stack_pointer[-1];
+            self = stack_pointer[-2];
+            callable = stack_pointer[-3];
+            assert(oparg == 1);
+            PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable);
+            PyObject *self_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(self);
+            PyInterpreterState *interp = tstate->interp;
+            if (callable_o != interp->callable_cache.list_append) {
+                UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
+                JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
+            }
+            assert(self_o != NULL);
+            if (!PyList_Check(self_o)) {
+                UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
+                JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
+            }
+            STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
+            int err = _PyList_AppendTakeRef((PyListObject *)self_o, PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(arg));
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(self);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable);
+            if (err) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            #if TIER_ONE
+            // Skip the following POP_TOP. This is done here in tier one, and
+            // during trace projection in tier two:
+            assert(next_instr->op.code == POP_TOP);
+            SKIP_OVER(1);
+            #endif
+            stack_pointer += -3;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_O: {
-            PyObject **args;
-            PyObject *self_or_null;
-            PyObject *callable;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef *args;
+            _PyStackRef *self_or_null;
+            _PyStackRef *callable;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
             args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
-            self_or_null = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
-            callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+            self_or_null = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
+            callable = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+            PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
             int total_args = oparg;
-            if (self_or_null != NULL) {
+            if (!PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])) {
                 args--;
                 total_args++;
             }
-            PyMethodDescrObject *method = (PyMethodDescrObject *)callable;
+            PyMethodDescrObject *method = (PyMethodDescrObject *)callable_o;
             if (total_args != 2) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
@@ -3841,42 +4826,50 @@
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
-            PyObject *arg = args[1];
-            PyObject *self = args[0];
-            if (!Py_IS_TYPE(self, method->d_common.d_type)) {
+            _PyStackRef arg_stackref = args[1];
+            _PyStackRef self_stackref = args[0];
+            if (!Py_IS_TYPE(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(self_stackref),
+                                method->d_common.d_type)) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
             STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
             PyCFunction cfunc = meth->ml_meth;
             _Py_EnterRecursiveCallTstateUnchecked(tstate);
-            res = _PyCFunction_TrampolineCall(cfunc, self, arg);
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            PyObject *res_o = _PyCFunction_TrampolineCall(cfunc,
+                PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(self_stackref),
+                PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(arg_stackref));
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
             _Py_LeaveRecursiveCallTstate(tstate);
-            assert((res != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
-            Py_DECREF(self);
-            Py_DECREF(arg);
-            Py_DECREF(callable);
-            if (res == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            assert((res_o != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(self_stackref);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(arg_stackref);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
+            if (res_o == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
             stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_FAST_WITH_KEYWORDS: {
-            PyObject **args;
-            PyObject *self_or_null;
-            PyObject *callable;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef *args;
+            _PyStackRef *self_or_null;
+            _PyStackRef *callable;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
             args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
-            self_or_null = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
-            callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+            self_or_null = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
+            callable = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+            PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
             int total_args = oparg;
-            if (self_or_null != NULL) {
+            if (!PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])) {
                 args--;
                 total_args++;
             }
-            PyMethodDescrObject *method = (PyMethodDescrObject *)callable;
+            PyMethodDescrObject *method = (PyMethodDescrObject *)callable_o;
             if (!Py_IS_TYPE(method, &PyMethodDescr_Type)) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
@@ -3887,40 +4880,55 @@
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
             PyTypeObject *d_type = method->d_common.d_type;
-            PyObject *self = args[0];
+            PyObject *self = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(args[0]);
             if (!Py_IS_TYPE(self, d_type)) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
             STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
             int nargs = total_args - 1;
+            STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS(args, total_args, args_o);
+            if (CONVERSION_FAILED(args_o)) {
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(self_or_null[0]);
+                for (int _i = oparg; --_i >= 0;) {
+                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(args[_i]);
+                }
+                if (true) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            }
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
             PyCFunctionFastWithKeywords cfunc =
             (PyCFunctionFastWithKeywords)(void(*)(void))meth->ml_meth;
-            res = cfunc(self, args + 1, nargs, NULL);
-            assert((res != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
+            PyObject *res_o = cfunc(self, (args_o + 1), nargs, NULL);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS_CLEANUP(args_o);
+            assert((res_o != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
             /* Free the arguments. */
             for (int i = 0; i < total_args; i++) {
-                Py_DECREF(args[i]);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(args[i]);
             }
-            Py_DECREF(callable);
-            if (res == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
+            if (res_o == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
             stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_NOARGS: {
-            PyObject **args;
-            PyObject *self_or_null;
-            PyObject *callable;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef *args;
+            _PyStackRef *self_or_null;
+            _PyStackRef *callable;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
             args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
-            self_or_null = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
-            callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+            self_or_null = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
+            callable = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
             assert(oparg == 0 || oparg == 1);
+            PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
             int total_args = oparg;
-            if (self_or_null != NULL) {
+            if (!PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])) {
                 args--;
                 total_args++;
             }
@@ -3928,13 +4936,14 @@
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
-            PyMethodDescrObject *method = (PyMethodDescrObject *)callable;
+            PyMethodDescrObject *method = (PyMethodDescrObject *)callable_o;
             if (!Py_IS_TYPE(method, &PyMethodDescr_Type)) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
             PyMethodDef *meth = method->d_method;
-            PyObject *self = args[0];
+            _PyStackRef self_stackref = args[0];
+            PyObject *self = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(self_stackref);
             if (!Py_IS_TYPE(self, method->d_common.d_type)) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
@@ -3951,32 +4960,37 @@
             STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
             PyCFunction cfunc = meth->ml_meth;
             _Py_EnterRecursiveCallTstateUnchecked(tstate);
-            res = _PyCFunction_TrampolineCall(cfunc, self, NULL);
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            PyObject *res_o = _PyCFunction_TrampolineCall(cfunc, self, NULL);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
             _Py_LeaveRecursiveCallTstate(tstate);
-            assert((res != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
-            Py_DECREF(self);
-            Py_DECREF(callable);
-            if (res == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            assert((res_o != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(self_stackref);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
+            if (res_o == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
             stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_FAST: {
-            PyObject **args;
-            PyObject *self_or_null;
-            PyObject *callable;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef *args;
+            _PyStackRef *self_or_null;
+            _PyStackRef *callable;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
             args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
-            self_or_null = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
-            callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+            self_or_null = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
+            callable = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+            PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
             int total_args = oparg;
-            if (self_or_null != NULL) {
+            if (!PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])) {
                 args--;
                 total_args++;
             }
-            PyMethodDescrObject *method = (PyMethodDescrObject *)callable;
+            PyMethodDescrObject *method = (PyMethodDescrObject *)callable_o;
             /* Builtin METH_FASTCALL methods, without keywords */
             if (!Py_IS_TYPE(method, &PyMethodDescr_Type)) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
@@ -3987,161 +5001,419 @@
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
-            PyObject *self = args[0];
+            PyObject *self = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(args[0]);
             if (!Py_IS_TYPE(self, method->d_common.d_type)) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
             STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
+            int nargs = total_args - 1;
+            STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS(args, total_args, args_o);
+            if (CONVERSION_FAILED(args_o)) {
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(self_or_null[0]);
+                for (int _i = oparg; --_i >= 0;) {
+                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(args[_i]);
+                }
+                if (true) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            }
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
             PyCFunctionFast cfunc =
             (PyCFunctionFast)(void(*)(void))meth->ml_meth;
-            int nargs = total_args - 1;
-            res = cfunc(self, args + 1, nargs);
-            assert((res != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
+            PyObject *res_o = cfunc(self, (args_o + 1), nargs);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS_CLEANUP(args_o);
+            assert((res_o != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
             /* Clear the stack of the arguments. */
             for (int i = 0; i < total_args; i++) {
-                Py_DECREF(args[i]);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(args[i]);
             }
-            Py_DECREF(callable);
-            if (res == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
+            if (res_o == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
             stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         /* _INSTRUMENTED_CALL_KW is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 because it is instrumented */
 
-        /* _CALL_KW is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 because it uses the 'this_instr' variable */
+        case _MAYBE_EXPAND_METHOD_KW: {
+            _PyStackRef kwnames_in;
+            _PyStackRef *args;
+            _PyStackRef *self_or_null;
+            _PyStackRef *callable;
+            _PyStackRef *func;
+            _PyStackRef *maybe_self;
+            _PyStackRef kwnames_out;
+            oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
+            kwnames_in = stack_pointer[-1];
+            args = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
+            self_or_null = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+            callable = &stack_pointer[-3 - oparg];
+            func = &stack_pointer[-3 - oparg];
+            maybe_self = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+            if (PyStackRef_TYPE(callable[0]) == &PyMethod_Type && PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])) {
+                PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
+                PyObject *self = ((PyMethodObject *)callable_o)->im_self;
+                maybe_self[0] = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(self);
+                PyObject *method = ((PyMethodObject *)callable_o)->im_func;
+                _PyStackRef temp = callable[0];
+                func[0] = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(method);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(temp);
+            }
+            kwnames_out = kwnames_in;
+            stack_pointer[-1] = kwnames_out;
+            break;
+        }
+
+        /* _DO_CALL_KW is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 because it uses the 'this_instr' variable */
+
+        case _PY_FRAME_KW: {
+            _PyStackRef kwnames;
+            _PyStackRef *args;
+            _PyStackRef *self_or_null;
+            _PyStackRef *callable;
+            _PyInterpreterFrame *new_frame;
+            oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
+            kwnames = stack_pointer[-1];
+            args = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
+            self_or_null = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+            callable = &stack_pointer[-3 - oparg];
+            PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
+            // oparg counts all of the args, but *not* self:
+            int total_args = oparg;
+            if (!PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])) {
+                args--;
+                total_args++;
+            }
+            PyObject *kwnames_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(kwnames);
+            int positional_args = total_args - (int)PyTuple_GET_SIZE(kwnames_o);
+            assert(Py_TYPE(callable_o) == &PyFunction_Type);
+            int code_flags = ((PyCodeObject*)PyFunction_GET_CODE(callable_o))->co_flags;
+            PyObject *locals = code_flags & CO_OPTIMIZED ? NULL : Py_NewRef(PyFunction_GET_GLOBALS(callable_o));
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            new_frame = _PyEvalFramePushAndInit(
+                tstate, callable[0], locals,
+                args, positional_args, kwnames_o, frame
+            );
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(kwnames);
+            // The frame has stolen all the arguments from the stack,
+            // so there is no need to clean them up.
+            stack_pointer[-3 - oparg].bits = (uintptr_t)new_frame;
+            stack_pointer += -2 - oparg;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+            if (new_frame == NULL) {
+                JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+
+        case _CHECK_FUNCTION_VERSION_KW: {
+            _PyStackRef *callable;
+            oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
+            callable = &stack_pointer[-3 - oparg];
+            uint32_t func_version = (uint32_t)CURRENT_OPERAND();
+            PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
+            if (!PyFunction_Check(callable_o)) {
+                UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
+                JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
+            }
+            PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)callable_o;
+            if (func->func_version != func_version) {
+                UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
+                JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+
+        case _CHECK_METHOD_VERSION_KW: {
+            _PyStackRef *null;
+            _PyStackRef *callable;
+            oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
+            null = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+            callable = &stack_pointer[-3 - oparg];
+            uint32_t func_version = (uint32_t)CURRENT_OPERAND();
+            PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
+            if (Py_TYPE(callable_o) != &PyMethod_Type) {
+                UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
+                JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
+            }
+            PyObject *func = ((PyMethodObject *)callable_o)->im_func;
+            if (!PyFunction_Check(func)) {
+                UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
+                JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
+            }
+            if (((PyFunctionObject *)func)->func_version != func_version) {
+                UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
+                JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
+            }
+            if (!PyStackRef_IsNull(null[0])) {
+                UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
+                JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+
+        case _EXPAND_METHOD_KW: {
+            _PyStackRef *null;
+            _PyStackRef *callable;
+            _PyStackRef *method;
+            _PyStackRef *self;
+            oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
+            null = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+            callable = &stack_pointer[-3 - oparg];
+            method = &stack_pointer[-3 - oparg];
+            self = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+            _PyStackRef callable_s = callable[0];
+            PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable_s);
+            assert(PyStackRef_IsNull(null[0]));
+            assert(Py_TYPE(callable_o) == &PyMethod_Type);
+            self[0] = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(((PyMethodObject *)callable_o)->im_self);
+            method[0] = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(((PyMethodObject *)callable_o)->im_func);
+            assert(PyStackRef_FunctionCheck(method[0]));
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable_s);
+            break;
+        }
+
+        case _CHECK_IS_NOT_PY_CALLABLE_KW: {
+            _PyStackRef *callable;
+            oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
+            callable = &stack_pointer[-3 - oparg];
+            PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
+            if (PyFunction_Check(callable_o)) {
+                UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
+                JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
+            }
+            if (Py_TYPE(callable_o) == &PyMethod_Type) {
+                UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
+                JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+
+        case _CALL_KW_NON_PY: {
+            _PyStackRef kwnames;
+            _PyStackRef *args;
+            _PyStackRef *self_or_null;
+            _PyStackRef *callable;
+            _PyStackRef res;
+            oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
+            kwnames = stack_pointer[-1];
+            args = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
+            self_or_null = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+            callable = &stack_pointer[-3 - oparg];
+            #if TIER_ONE
+            assert(opcode != INSTRUMENTED_CALL);
+            #endif
+            PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
+            int total_args = oparg;
+            if (!PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])) {
+                args--;
+                total_args++;
+            }
+            /* Callable is not a normal Python function */
+            STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS(args, total_args, args_o);
+            if (CONVERSION_FAILED(args_o)) {
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(self_or_null[0]);
+                for (int _i = oparg; --_i >= 0;) {
+                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(args[_i]);
+                }
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(kwnames);
+                if (true) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            }
+            PyObject *kwnames_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(kwnames);
+            int positional_args = total_args - (int)PyTuple_GET_SIZE(kwnames_o);
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            PyObject *res_o = PyObject_Vectorcall(
+                callable_o, args_o,
+                positional_args | PY_VECTORCALL_ARGUMENTS_OFFSET,
+                kwnames_o);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(kwnames);
+            STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS_CLEANUP(args_o);
+            assert((res_o != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
+            for (int i = 0; i < total_args; i++) {
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(args[i]);
+            }
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
+            if (res_o == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
+            stack_pointer[-3 - oparg] = res;
+            stack_pointer += -2 - oparg;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+            break;
+        }
 
         /* _INSTRUMENTED_CALL_FUNCTION_EX is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 because it is instrumented */
 
-        /* _CALL_FUNCTION_EX is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 because it uses the 'this_instr' variable */
+        case _MAKE_CALLARGS_A_TUPLE: {
+            _PyStackRef kwargs_in = PyStackRef_NULL;
+            _PyStackRef callargs;
+            _PyStackRef func;
+            _PyStackRef tuple;
+            _PyStackRef kwargs_out = PyStackRef_NULL;
+            oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
+            if (oparg & 1) { kwargs_in = stack_pointer[-(oparg & 1)]; }
+            callargs = stack_pointer[-1 - (oparg & 1)];
+            func = stack_pointer[-3 - (oparg & 1)];
+            PyObject *callargs_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callargs);
+            if (PyTuple_CheckExact(callargs_o)) {
+                tuple = callargs;
+            }
+            else {
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                int err = _Py_Check_ArgsIterable(tstate, PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(func), callargs_o);
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                if (err < 0) {
+                    JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+                }
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                PyObject *tuple_o = PySequence_Tuple(callargs_o);
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                if (tuple_o == NULL) {
+                    JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+                }
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(callargs);
+                tuple = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(tuple_o);
+            }
+            kwargs_out = kwargs_in;
+            stack_pointer[-1 - (oparg & 1)] = tuple;
+            if (oparg & 1) stack_pointer[-(oparg & 1)] = kwargs_out;
+            break;
+        }
+
+        /* _DO_CALL_FUNCTION_EX is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 because it uses the 'this_instr' variable */
 
         case _MAKE_FUNCTION: {
-            PyObject *codeobj;
-            PyObject *func;
-            codeobj = stack_pointer[-1];
+            _PyStackRef codeobj_st;
+            _PyStackRef func;
+            codeobj_st = stack_pointer[-1];
+            PyObject *codeobj = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(codeobj_st);
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
             PyFunctionObject *func_obj = (PyFunctionObject *)
             PyFunction_New(codeobj, GLOBALS());
-            Py_DECREF(codeobj);
-            if (func_obj == NULL) {
-                JUMP_TO_ERROR();
-            }
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(codeobj_st);
+            if (func_obj == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
             _PyFunction_SetVersion(
                                    func_obj, ((PyCodeObject *)codeobj)->co_version);
-            func = (PyObject *)func_obj;
+            func = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal((PyObject *)func_obj);
             stack_pointer[-1] = func;
             break;
         }
 
         case _SET_FUNCTION_ATTRIBUTE: {
-            PyObject *func;
-            PyObject *attr;
+            _PyStackRef func_in;
+            _PyStackRef attr_st;
+            _PyStackRef func_out;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
-            func = stack_pointer[-1];
-            attr = stack_pointer[-2];
+            func_in = stack_pointer[-1];
+            attr_st = stack_pointer[-2];
+            PyObject *func = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(func_in);
+            PyObject *attr = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(attr_st);
+            func_out = func_in;
             assert(PyFunction_Check(func));
-            PyFunctionObject *func_obj = (PyFunctionObject *)func;
-            switch(oparg) {
-                case MAKE_FUNCTION_CLOSURE:
-                assert(func_obj->func_closure == NULL);
-                func_obj->func_closure = attr;
-                break;
-                case MAKE_FUNCTION_ANNOTATIONS:
-                assert(func_obj->func_annotations == NULL);
-                func_obj->func_annotations = attr;
-                break;
-                case MAKE_FUNCTION_KWDEFAULTS:
-                assert(PyDict_CheckExact(attr));
-                assert(func_obj->func_kwdefaults == NULL);
-                func_obj->func_kwdefaults = attr;
-                break;
-                case MAKE_FUNCTION_DEFAULTS:
-                assert(PyTuple_CheckExact(attr));
-                assert(func_obj->func_defaults == NULL);
-                func_obj->func_defaults = attr;
-                break;
-                default:
-                Py_UNREACHABLE();
-            }
-            stack_pointer[-2] = func;
+            size_t offset = _Py_FunctionAttributeOffsets[oparg];
+            assert(offset != 0);
+            PyObject **ptr = (PyObject **)(((char *)func) + offset);
+            assert(*ptr == NULL);
+            *ptr = attr;
+            stack_pointer[-2] = func_out;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _RETURN_GENERATOR: {
-            PyObject *res;
-            assert(PyFunction_Check(frame->f_funcobj));
-            PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)frame->f_funcobj;
+            _PyStackRef res;
+            assert(PyStackRef_FunctionCheck(frame->f_funcobj));
+            PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(frame->f_funcobj);
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
             PyGenObject *gen = (PyGenObject *)_Py_MakeCoro(func);
-            if (gen == NULL) {
-                JUMP_TO_ERROR();
-            }
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            if (gen == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
             assert(EMPTY());
             _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
-            _PyInterpreterFrame *gen_frame = (_PyInterpreterFrame *)gen->gi_iframe;
+            _PyInterpreterFrame *gen_frame = &gen->gi_iframe;
             frame->instr_ptr++;
             _PyFrame_Copy(frame, gen_frame);
             assert(frame->frame_obj == NULL);
             gen->gi_frame_state = FRAME_CREATED;
             gen_frame->owner = FRAME_OWNED_BY_GENERATOR;
             _Py_LeaveRecursiveCallPy(tstate);
-            res = (PyObject *)gen;
             _PyInterpreterFrame *prev = frame->previous;
             _PyThreadState_PopFrame(tstate, frame);
             frame = tstate->current_frame = prev;
             LOAD_IP(frame->return_offset);
-            LOAD_SP();
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal((PyObject *)gen);
             LLTRACE_RESUME_FRAME();
             stack_pointer[0] = res;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _BUILD_SLICE: {
-            PyObject *step = NULL;
-            PyObject *stop;
-            PyObject *start;
-            PyObject *slice;
+            _PyStackRef step = PyStackRef_NULL;
+            _PyStackRef stop;
+            _PyStackRef start;
+            _PyStackRef slice;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
             if (oparg == 3) { step = stack_pointer[-((oparg == 3) ? 1 : 0)]; }
             stop = stack_pointer[-1 - ((oparg == 3) ? 1 : 0)];
             start = stack_pointer[-2 - ((oparg == 3) ? 1 : 0)];
-            slice = PySlice_New(start, stop, step);
-            Py_DECREF(start);
-            Py_DECREF(stop);
-            Py_XDECREF(step);
-            if (slice == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            PyObject *start_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(start);
+            PyObject *stop_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(stop);
+            PyObject *step_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(step);
+            PyObject *slice_o = PySlice_New(start_o, stop_o, step_o);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(start);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(stop);
+            PyStackRef_XCLOSE(step);
+            if (slice_o == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            slice = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(slice_o);
             stack_pointer[-2 - ((oparg == 3) ? 1 : 0)] = slice;
             stack_pointer += -1 - ((oparg == 3) ? 1 : 0);
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _CONVERT_VALUE: {
-            PyObject *value;
-            PyObject *result;
+            _PyStackRef value;
+            _PyStackRef result;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
             value = stack_pointer[-1];
             conversion_func conv_fn;
             assert(oparg >= FVC_STR && oparg <= FVC_ASCII);
             conv_fn = _PyEval_ConversionFuncs[oparg];
-            result = conv_fn(value);
-            Py_DECREF(value);
-            if (result == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            PyObject *result_o = conv_fn(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(value));
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(value);
+            if (result_o == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            result = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(result_o);
             stack_pointer[-1] = result;
             break;
         }
 
         case _FORMAT_SIMPLE: {
-            PyObject *value;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef value;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             value = stack_pointer[-1];
+            PyObject *value_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(value);
             /* If value is a unicode object, then we know the result
              * of format(value) is value itself. */
-            if (!PyUnicode_CheckExact(value)) {
-                res = PyObject_Format(value, NULL);
-                Py_DECREF(value);
-                if (res == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            if (!PyUnicode_CheckExact(value_o)) {
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                PyObject *res_o = PyObject_Format(value_o, NULL);
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(value);
+                if (res_o == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+                res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
             }
             else {
                 res = value;
@@ -4151,66 +5423,83 @@
         }
 
         case _FORMAT_WITH_SPEC: {
-            PyObject *fmt_spec;
-            PyObject *value;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef fmt_spec;
+            _PyStackRef value;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             fmt_spec = stack_pointer[-1];
             value = stack_pointer[-2];
-            res = PyObject_Format(value, fmt_spec);
-            Py_DECREF(value);
-            Py_DECREF(fmt_spec);
-            if (res == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            PyObject *res_o = PyObject_Format(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(value), PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(fmt_spec));
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(value);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(fmt_spec);
+            if (res_o == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
             stack_pointer[-2] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _COPY: {
-            PyObject *bottom;
-            PyObject *top;
+            _PyStackRef bottom;
+            _PyStackRef top;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
             bottom = stack_pointer[-1 - (oparg-1)];
             assert(oparg > 0);
-            top = Py_NewRef(bottom);
+            top = PyStackRef_DUP(bottom);
             stack_pointer[0] = top;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _BINARY_OP: {
-            PyObject *rhs;
-            PyObject *lhs;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef rhs;
+            _PyStackRef lhs;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
             rhs = stack_pointer[-1];
             lhs = stack_pointer[-2];
+            PyObject *lhs_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(lhs);
+            PyObject *rhs_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(rhs);
             assert(_PyEval_BinaryOps[oparg]);
-            res = _PyEval_BinaryOps[oparg](lhs, rhs);
-            Py_DECREF(lhs);
-            Py_DECREF(rhs);
-            if (res == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            PyObject *res_o = _PyEval_BinaryOps[oparg](lhs_o, rhs_o);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(lhs);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(rhs);
+            if (res_o == NULL) JUMP_TO_ERROR();
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
             stack_pointer[-2] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _SWAP: {
-            PyObject *top;
-            PyObject *bottom;
+            _PyStackRef top_in;
+            _PyStackRef bottom_in;
+            _PyStackRef top_out;
+            _PyStackRef bottom_out;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
-            top = stack_pointer[-1];
-            bottom = stack_pointer[-2 - (oparg-2)];
+            top_in = stack_pointer[-1];
+            bottom_in = stack_pointer[-2 - (oparg-2)];
+            bottom_out = bottom_in;
+            top_out = top_in;
             assert(oparg >= 2);
-            stack_pointer[-2 - (oparg-2)] = top;
-            stack_pointer[-1] = bottom;
+            stack_pointer[-2 - (oparg-2)] = top_out;
+            stack_pointer[-1] = bottom_out;
             break;
         }
 
+        /* _INSTRUMENTED_LINE is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 because it is instrumented */
+
         /* _INSTRUMENTED_INSTRUCTION is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 because it is instrumented */
 
         /* _INSTRUMENTED_JUMP_FORWARD is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 because it is instrumented */
 
-        /* _INSTRUMENTED_JUMP_BACKWARD is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 because it is instrumented */
+        /* _MONITOR_JUMP_BACKWARD is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 because it uses the 'this_instr' variable */
 
         /* _INSTRUMENTED_POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 because it is instrumented */
 
@@ -4221,59 +5510,65 @@
         /* _INSTRUMENTED_POP_JUMP_IF_NOT_NONE is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 because it is instrumented */
 
         case _GUARD_IS_TRUE_POP: {
-            PyObject *flag;
+            _PyStackRef flag;
             flag = stack_pointer[-1];
+            int is_true = PyStackRef_Is(flag, PyStackRef_True);
             stack_pointer += -1;
-            if (!Py_IsTrue(flag)) {
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+            if (!is_true) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
-            assert(Py_IsTrue(flag));
             break;
         }
 
         case _GUARD_IS_FALSE_POP: {
-            PyObject *flag;
+            _PyStackRef flag;
             flag = stack_pointer[-1];
+            int is_false = PyStackRef_Is(flag, PyStackRef_False);
             stack_pointer += -1;
-            if (!Py_IsFalse(flag)) {
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+            if (!is_false) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
-            assert(Py_IsFalse(flag));
             break;
         }
 
         case _GUARD_IS_NONE_POP: {
-            PyObject *val;
+            _PyStackRef val;
             val = stack_pointer[-1];
-            stack_pointer += -1;
-            if (!Py_IsNone(val)) {
-                Py_DECREF(val);
+            int is_none = PyStackRef_Is(val, PyStackRef_None);
+            if (!is_none) {
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(val);
+                stack_pointer += -1;
+                assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                 if (1) {
                     UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                     JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
                 }
             }
+            stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _GUARD_IS_NOT_NONE_POP: {
-            PyObject *val;
+            _PyStackRef val;
             val = stack_pointer[-1];
+            int is_none = PyStackRef_Is(val, PyStackRef_None);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(val);
             stack_pointer += -1;
-            if (Py_IsNone(val)) {
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+            if (is_none) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
-            Py_DECREF(val);
             break;
         }
 
         case _JUMP_TO_TOP: {
-            #ifndef _Py_JIT
-            next_uop = &current_executor->trace[1];
-            #endif
+            JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             break;
         }
 
@@ -4309,7 +5604,58 @@
         }
 
         case _EXIT_TRACE: {
-            EXIT_TO_TRACE();
+            PyObject *exit_p = (PyObject *)CURRENT_OPERAND();
+            _PyExitData *exit = (_PyExitData *)exit_p;
+            PyCodeObject *code = _PyFrame_GetCode(frame);
+            _Py_CODEUNIT *target = _PyCode_CODE(code) + exit->target;
+            #if defined(Py_DEBUG) && !defined(_Py_JIT)
+            OPT_HIST(trace_uop_execution_counter, trace_run_length_hist);
+            if (lltrace >= 2) {
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                printf("SIDE EXIT: [UOp ");
+                _PyUOpPrint(&next_uop[-1]);
+                printf(", exit %u, temp %d, target %d -> %s]\n",
+                       exit - current_executor->exits, exit->temperature.value_and_backoff,
+                       (int)(target - _PyCode_CODE(code)),
+                       _PyOpcode_OpName[target->op.code]);
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            }
+            #endif
+            if (exit->executor && !exit->executor->vm_data.valid) {
+                exit->temperature = initial_temperature_backoff_counter();
+                Py_CLEAR(exit->executor);
+            }
+            if (exit->executor == NULL) {
+                _Py_BackoffCounter temperature = exit->temperature;
+                if (!backoff_counter_triggers(temperature)) {
+                    exit->temperature = advance_backoff_counter(temperature);
+                    tstate->previous_executor = (PyObject *)current_executor;
+                    GOTO_TIER_ONE(target);
+                }
+                _PyExecutorObject *executor;
+                if (target->op.code == ENTER_EXECUTOR) {
+                    executor = code->co_executors->executors[target->op.arg];
+                    Py_INCREF(executor);
+                }
+                else {
+                    int chain_depth = current_executor->vm_data.chain_depth + 1;
+                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                    int optimized = _PyOptimizer_Optimize(frame, target, stack_pointer, &executor, chain_depth);
+                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                    if (optimized <= 0) {
+                        exit->temperature = restart_backoff_counter(temperature);
+                        if (optimized < 0) {
+                            GOTO_UNWIND();
+                        }
+                        tstate->previous_executor = (PyObject *)current_executor;
+                        GOTO_TIER_ONE(target);
+                    }
+                }
+                exit->executor = executor;
+            }
+            Py_INCREF(exit->executor);
+            tstate->previous_executor = (PyObject *)current_executor;
+            GOTO_TIER_TWO(exit->executor);
             break;
         }
 
@@ -4322,121 +5668,148 @@
         }
 
         case _LOAD_CONST_INLINE: {
-            PyObject *value;
+            _PyStackRef value;
             PyObject *ptr = (PyObject *)CURRENT_OPERAND();
-            value = Py_NewRef(ptr);
+            value = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(ptr);
             stack_pointer[0] = value;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _LOAD_CONST_INLINE_BORROW: {
-            PyObject *value;
+            _PyStackRef value;
             PyObject *ptr = (PyObject *)CURRENT_OPERAND();
-            value = ptr;
+            value = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectImmortal(ptr);
             stack_pointer[0] = value;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _POP_TOP_LOAD_CONST_INLINE_BORROW: {
-            PyObject *pop;
-            PyObject *value;
+            _PyStackRef pop;
+            _PyStackRef value;
             pop = stack_pointer[-1];
             PyObject *ptr = (PyObject *)CURRENT_OPERAND();
-            Py_DECREF(pop);
-            value = ptr;
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(pop);
+            value = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectImmortal(ptr);
             stack_pointer[-1] = value;
             break;
         }
 
         case _LOAD_CONST_INLINE_WITH_NULL: {
-            PyObject *value;
-            PyObject *null;
+            _PyStackRef value;
+            _PyStackRef null;
             PyObject *ptr = (PyObject *)CURRENT_OPERAND();
-            value = Py_NewRef(ptr);
-            null = NULL;
+            value = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(ptr);
+            null = PyStackRef_NULL;
             stack_pointer[0] = value;
             stack_pointer[1] = null;
             stack_pointer += 2;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _LOAD_CONST_INLINE_BORROW_WITH_NULL: {
-            PyObject *value;
-            PyObject *null;
+            _PyStackRef value;
+            _PyStackRef null;
             PyObject *ptr = (PyObject *)CURRENT_OPERAND();
-            value = ptr;
-            null = NULL;
+            value = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectImmortal(ptr);
+            null = PyStackRef_NULL;
             stack_pointer[0] = value;
             stack_pointer[1] = null;
             stack_pointer += 2;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _CHECK_FUNCTION: {
             uint32_t func_version = (uint32_t)CURRENT_OPERAND();
-            assert(PyFunction_Check(frame->f_funcobj));
-            if (((PyFunctionObject *)frame->f_funcobj)->func_version != func_version) {
+            assert(PyStackRef_FunctionCheck(frame->f_funcobj));
+            PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(frame->f_funcobj);
+            if (func->func_version != func_version) {
                 UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
                 JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
             break;
         }
 
-        case _INTERNAL_INCREMENT_OPT_COUNTER: {
-            PyObject *opt;
-            opt = stack_pointer[-1];
-            _PyCounterOptimizerObject *exe = (_PyCounterOptimizerObject *)opt;
-            exe->count++;
-            stack_pointer += -1;
+        case _LOAD_GLOBAL_MODULE: {
+            _PyStackRef res;
+            _PyStackRef null = PyStackRef_NULL;
+            oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
+            uint16_t index = (uint16_t)CURRENT_OPERAND();
+            PyDictObject *dict = (PyDictObject *)GLOBALS();
+            PyDictUnicodeEntry *entries = DK_UNICODE_ENTRIES(dict->ma_keys);
+            PyObject *res_o = entries[index].me_value;
+            if (res_o == NULL) {
+                UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
+                JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
+            }
+            Py_INCREF(res_o);
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
+            null = PyStackRef_NULL;
+            stack_pointer[0] = res;
+            if (oparg & 1) stack_pointer[1] = null;
+            stack_pointer += 1 + (oparg & 1);
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
-        case _COLD_EXIT: {
+        case _LOAD_GLOBAL_BUILTINS: {
+            _PyStackRef res;
+            _PyStackRef null = PyStackRef_NULL;
             oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
-            _PyExecutorObject *previous = (_PyExecutorObject *)tstate->previous_executor;
-            _PyExitData *exit = &previous->exits[oparg];
-            PyCodeObject *code = _PyFrame_GetCode(frame);
-            _Py_CODEUNIT *target = _PyCode_CODE(code) + exit->target;
-            _Py_BackoffCounter temperature = exit->temperature;
-            if (!backoff_counter_triggers(temperature)) {
-                exit->temperature = advance_backoff_counter(temperature);
-                GOTO_TIER_ONE(target);
-            }
-            _PyExecutorObject *executor;
-            if (target->op.code == ENTER_EXECUTOR) {
-                executor = code->co_executors->executors[target->op.arg];
-                Py_INCREF(executor);
-            }
-            else {
-                int optimized = _PyOptimizer_Optimize(frame, target, stack_pointer, &executor);
-                if (optimized <= 0) {
-                    exit->temperature = restart_backoff_counter(temperature);
-                    if (optimized < 0) {
-                        Py_DECREF(previous);
-                        tstate->previous_executor = Py_None;
-                        GOTO_UNWIND();
-                    }
-                    GOTO_TIER_ONE(target);
-                }
+            uint16_t index = (uint16_t)CURRENT_OPERAND();
+            PyDictObject *dict = (PyDictObject *)BUILTINS();
+            PyDictUnicodeEntry *entries = DK_UNICODE_ENTRIES(dict->ma_keys);
+            PyObject *res_o = entries[index].me_value;
+            if (res_o == NULL) {
+                UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
+                JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
             }
-            /* We need two references. One to store in exit->executor and
-             * one to keep the executor alive when executing. */
-            Py_INCREF(executor);
-            exit->executor = executor;
-            GOTO_TIER_TWO(executor);
+            Py_INCREF(res_o);
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
+            null = PyStackRef_NULL;
+            stack_pointer[0] = res;
+            if (oparg & 1) stack_pointer[1] = null;
+            stack_pointer += 1 + (oparg & 1);
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+            break;
+        }
+
+        case _INTERNAL_INCREMENT_OPT_COUNTER: {
+            _PyStackRef opt;
+            opt = stack_pointer[-1];
+            _PyCounterOptimizerObject *exe = (_PyCounterOptimizerObject *)PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(opt);
+            exe->count++;
+            stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _DYNAMIC_EXIT: {
-            oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();
+            PyObject *exit_p = (PyObject *)CURRENT_OPERAND();
             tstate->previous_executor = (PyObject *)current_executor;
-            _PyExitData *exit = (_PyExitData *)&current_executor->exits[oparg];
+            _PyExitData *exit = (_PyExitData *)exit_p;
             _Py_CODEUNIT *target = frame->instr_ptr;
+            #if defined(Py_DEBUG) && !defined(_Py_JIT)
+            OPT_HIST(trace_uop_execution_counter, trace_run_length_hist);
+            if (lltrace >= 2) {
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                printf("DYNAMIC EXIT: [UOp ");
+                _PyUOpPrint(&next_uop[-1]);
+                printf(", exit %u, temp %d, target %d -> %s]\n",
+                       exit - current_executor->exits, exit->temperature.value_and_backoff,
+                       (int)(target - _PyCode_CODE(_PyFrame_GetCode(frame))),
+                       _PyOpcode_OpName[target->op.code]);
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            }
+            #endif
             _PyExecutorObject *executor;
             if (target->op.code == ENTER_EXECUTOR) {
-                PyCodeObject *code = (PyCodeObject *)frame->f_executable;
+                PyCodeObject *code = _PyFrame_GetCode(frame);
                 executor = code->co_executors->executors[target->op.arg];
                 Py_INCREF(executor);
             }
@@ -4445,12 +5818,12 @@
                     exit->temperature = advance_backoff_counter(exit->temperature);
                     GOTO_TIER_ONE(target);
                 }
-                int optimized = _PyOptimizer_Optimize(frame, target, stack_pointer, &executor);
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                int optimized = _PyOptimizer_Optimize(frame, target, stack_pointer, &executor, 0);
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                 if (optimized <= 0) {
                     exit->temperature = restart_backoff_counter(exit->temperature);
                     if (optimized < 0) {
-                        Py_DECREF(current_executor);
-                        tstate->previous_executor = Py_None;
                         GOTO_UNWIND();
                     }
                     GOTO_TIER_ONE(target);
@@ -4470,9 +5843,15 @@
             #ifndef _Py_JIT
             current_executor = (_PyExecutorObject*)executor;
             #endif
-            if (!((_PyExecutorObject *)executor)->vm_data.valid) {
-                UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);
-                JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();
+            assert(((_PyExecutorObject *)executor)->vm_data.valid);
+            break;
+        }
+
+        case _MAKE_WARM: {
+            current_executor->vm_data.warm = true;
+            // It's okay if this ends up going negative.
+            if (--tstate->interp->trace_run_counter == 0) {
+                _Py_set_eval_breaker_bit(tstate, _PY_EVAL_JIT_INVALIDATE_COLD_BIT);
             }
             break;
         }
@@ -4503,6 +5882,7 @@
             uint32_t target = (uint32_t)CURRENT_OPERAND();
             frame->instr_ptr = ((_Py_CODEUNIT *)_PyFrame_GetCode(frame)->co_code_adaptive) + target;
             stack_pointer += -oparg;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             GOTO_UNWIND();
             break;
         }
diff --git a/Python/fileutils.c b/Python/fileutils.c
index e6a5391a3a28b5..c9ae1b3f54e167 100644
--- a/Python/fileutils.c
+++ b/Python/fileutils.c
@@ -1502,7 +1502,7 @@ set_inheritable(int fd, int inheritable, int raise, int *atomic_flag_works)
 #else
 
 #if defined(HAVE_SYS_IOCTL_H) && defined(FIOCLEX) && defined(FIONCLEX)
-    if (ioctl_works != 0 && raise != 0) {
+    if (raise != 0 && _Py_atomic_load_int_relaxed(&ioctl_works) != 0) {
         /* fast-path: ioctl() only requires one syscall */
         /* caveat: raise=0 is an indicator that we must be async-signal-safe
          * thus avoid using ioctl() so we skip the fast-path. */
@@ -1512,7 +1512,9 @@ set_inheritable(int fd, int inheritable, int raise, int *atomic_flag_works)
             request = FIOCLEX;
         err = ioctl(fd, request, NULL);
         if (!err) {
-            ioctl_works = 1;
+            if (_Py_atomic_load_int_relaxed(&ioctl_works) == -1) {
+                _Py_atomic_store_int_relaxed(&ioctl_works, 1);
+            }
             return 0;
         }
 
@@ -1539,7 +1541,7 @@ set_inheritable(int fd, int inheritable, int raise, int *atomic_flag_works)
                with EACCES. While FIOCLEX is safe operation it may be
                unavailable because ioctl was denied altogether.
                This can be the case on Android. */
-            ioctl_works = 0;
+            _Py_atomic_store_int_relaxed(&ioctl_works, 0);
         }
         /* fallback to fcntl() if ioctl() does not work */
     }
diff --git a/Python/flowgraph.c b/Python/flowgraph.c
index 17617e119fdaa4..388862912d6826 100644
--- a/Python/flowgraph.c
+++ b/Python/flowgraph.c
@@ -86,8 +86,6 @@ struct _PyCfgBuilder {
 
 typedef struct _PyCfgBuilder cfg_builder;
 
-static const jump_target_label NO_LABEL = {-1};
-
 #define SAME_LABEL(L1, L2) ((L1).id == (L2).id)
 #define IS_LABEL(L) (!SAME_LABEL((L), (NO_LABEL)))
 
@@ -1003,13 +1001,14 @@ remove_unreachable(basicblock *entryblock) {
     basicblock **sp = stack;
     entryblock->b_predecessors = 1;
     *sp++ = entryblock;
+    entryblock->b_visited = 1;
     while (sp > stack) {
         basicblock *b = *(--sp);
-        b->b_visited = 1;
         if (b->b_next && BB_HAS_FALLTHROUGH(b)) {
             if (!b->b_next->b_visited) {
                 assert(b->b_next->b_predecessors == 0);
                 *sp++ = b->b_next;
+                b->b_next->b_visited = 1;
             }
             b->b_next->b_predecessors++;
         }
@@ -1019,8 +1018,8 @@ remove_unreachable(basicblock *entryblock) {
             if (is_jump(instr) || is_block_push(instr)) {
                 target = instr->i_target;
                 if (!target->b_visited) {
-                    assert(target->b_predecessors == 0 || target == b->b_next);
                     *sp++ = target;
+                    target->b_visited = 1;
                 }
                 target->b_predecessors++;
             }
@@ -1591,6 +1590,8 @@ basicblock_optimize_load_const(PyObject *const_cache, basicblock *bb, PyObject *
         switch(nextop) {
             case POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE:
             case POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE:
+            case JUMP_IF_FALSE:
+            case JUMP_IF_TRUE:
             {
                 /* Remove LOAD_CONST const; conditional jump */
                 PyObject* cnt = get_const_value(opcode, oparg, consts);
@@ -1602,8 +1603,11 @@ basicblock_optimize_load_const(PyObject *const_cache, basicblock *bb, PyObject *
                 if (is_true == -1) {
                     return ERROR;
                 }
-                INSTR_SET_OP0(inst, NOP);
-                int jump_if_true = nextop == POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE;
+                if (PyCompile_OpcodeStackEffect(nextop, 0) == -1) {
+                    /* POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE or POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE */
+                    INSTR_SET_OP0(inst, NOP);
+                }
+                int jump_if_true = (nextop == POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE || nextop == JUMP_IF_TRUE);
                 if (is_true == jump_if_true) {
                     bb->b_instr[i+1].i_opcode = JUMP;
                 }
@@ -1763,6 +1767,36 @@ optimize_basic_block(PyObject *const_cache, basicblock *bb, PyObject *consts)
                         i -= jump_thread(bb, inst, target, POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE);
                 }
                 break;
+            case JUMP_IF_FALSE:
+                switch (target->i_opcode) {
+                    case JUMP:
+                    case JUMP_IF_FALSE:
+                        i -= jump_thread(bb, inst, target, JUMP_IF_FALSE);
+                        continue;
+                    case JUMP_IF_TRUE:
+                        // No need to check for loops here, a block's b_next
+                        // cannot point to itself.
+                        assert(inst->i_target != inst->i_target->b_next);
+                        inst->i_target = inst->i_target->b_next;
+                        i--;
+                        continue;
+                }
+                break;
+            case JUMP_IF_TRUE:
+                switch (target->i_opcode) {
+                    case JUMP:
+                    case JUMP_IF_TRUE:
+                        i -= jump_thread(bb, inst, target, JUMP_IF_TRUE);
+                        continue;
+                    case JUMP_IF_FALSE:
+                        // No need to check for loops here, a block's b_next
+                        // cannot point to itself.
+                        assert(inst->i_target != inst->i_target->b_next);
+                        inst->i_target = inst->i_target->b_next;
+                        i--;
+                        continue;
+                }
+                break;
             case JUMP:
             case JUMP_NO_INTERRUPT:
                 switch (target->i_opcode) {
@@ -1857,6 +1891,22 @@ optimize_basic_block(PyObject *const_cache, basicblock *bb, PyObject *consts)
 
 static int resolve_line_numbers(cfg_builder *g, int firstlineno);
 
+static int
+remove_redundant_nops_and_jumps(cfg_builder *g)
+{
+    int removed_nops, removed_jumps;
+    do {
+        /* Convergence is guaranteed because the number of
+         * redundant jumps and nops only decreases.
+         */
+        removed_nops = remove_redundant_nops(g);
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(removed_nops);
+        removed_jumps = remove_redundant_jumps(g);
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(removed_jumps);
+    } while(removed_nops + removed_jumps > 0);
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
 /* Perform optimizations on a control flow graph.
    The consts object should still be in list form to allow new constants
    to be appended.
@@ -1878,17 +1928,7 @@ optimize_cfg(cfg_builder *g, PyObject *consts, PyObject *const_cache, int firstl
     }
     RETURN_IF_ERROR(remove_redundant_nops_and_pairs(g->g_entryblock));
     RETURN_IF_ERROR(remove_unreachable(g->g_entryblock));
-
-    int removed_nops, removed_jumps;
-    do {
-        /* Convergence is guaranteed because the number of
-         * redundant jumps and nops only decreases.
-         */
-        removed_nops = remove_redundant_nops(g);
-        RETURN_IF_ERROR(removed_nops);
-        removed_jumps = remove_redundant_jumps(g);
-        RETURN_IF_ERROR(removed_jumps);
-    } while(removed_nops + removed_jumps > 0);
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(remove_redundant_nops_and_jumps(g));
     assert(no_redundant_jumps(g));
     return SUCCESS;
 }
@@ -2089,7 +2129,7 @@ remove_unused_consts(basicblock *entryblock, PyObject *consts)
     /* now index_map[i] == i if consts[i] is used, -1 otherwise */
     /* condense consts */
     Py_ssize_t n_used_consts = 0;
-    for (int i = 0; i < nconsts; i++) {
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < nconsts; i++) {
         if (index_map[i] != -1) {
             assert(index_map[i] == i);
             index_map[n_used_consts++] = index_map[i];
@@ -2304,15 +2344,11 @@ push_cold_blocks_to_end(cfg_builder *g) {
             if (!IS_LABEL(b->b_next->b_label)) {
                 b->b_next->b_label.id = next_lbl++;
             }
-            cfg_instr *prev_instr = basicblock_last_instr(b);
-            // b cannot be empty because at the end of an exception handler
-            // there is always a POP_EXCEPT + RERAISE/RETURN
-            assert(prev_instr);
-
             basicblock_addop(explicit_jump, JUMP_NO_INTERRUPT, b->b_next->b_label.id,
-                             prev_instr->i_loc);
+                             NO_LOCATION);
             explicit_jump->b_cold = 1;
             explicit_jump->b_next = b->b_next;
+            explicit_jump->b_predecessors = 1;
             b->b_next = explicit_jump;
 
             /* set target */
@@ -2362,7 +2398,39 @@ push_cold_blocks_to_end(cfg_builder *g) {
     b->b_next = cold_blocks;
 
     if (cold_blocks != NULL) {
-        RETURN_IF_ERROR(remove_redundant_jumps(g));
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(remove_redundant_nops_and_jumps(g));
+    }
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+convert_pseudo_conditional_jumps(cfg_builder *g)
+{
+    basicblock *entryblock = g->g_entryblock;
+    for (basicblock *b = entryblock; b != NULL; b = b->b_next) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < b->b_iused; i++) {
+            cfg_instr *instr = &b->b_instr[i];
+            if (instr->i_opcode == JUMP_IF_FALSE || instr->i_opcode == JUMP_IF_TRUE) {
+                assert(i == b->b_iused - 1);
+                instr->i_opcode = instr->i_opcode == JUMP_IF_FALSE ?
+                                          POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE : POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE;
+                location loc = instr->i_loc;
+                cfg_instr copy = {
+                            .i_opcode = COPY,
+                            .i_oparg = 1,
+                            .i_loc = loc,
+                            .i_target = NULL,
+                };
+                RETURN_IF_ERROR(basicblock_insert_instruction(b, i++, &copy));
+                cfg_instr to_bool = {
+                            .i_opcode = TO_BOOL,
+                            .i_oparg = 0,
+                            .i_loc = loc,
+                            .i_target = NULL,
+                };
+                RETURN_IF_ERROR(basicblock_insert_instruction(b, i++, &to_bool));
+            }
+        }
     }
     return SUCCESS;
 }
@@ -2387,7 +2455,7 @@ convert_pseudo_ops(cfg_builder *g)
             }
         }
     }
-    return remove_redundant_nops(g);
+    return remove_redundant_nops_and_jumps(g);
 }
 
 static inline bool
@@ -2826,6 +2894,8 @@ _PyCfg_OptimizedCfgToInstructionSequence(cfg_builder *g,
                                      int *stackdepth, int *nlocalsplus,
                                      _PyInstructionSequence *seq)
 {
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(convert_pseudo_conditional_jumps(g));
+
     *stackdepth = calculate_stackdepth(g);
     if (*stackdepth < 0) {
         return ERROR;
diff --git a/Python/formatter_unicode.c b/Python/formatter_unicode.c
index 6af589f966a502..16f711184990ac 100644
--- a/Python/formatter_unicode.c
+++ b/Python/formatter_unicode.c
@@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ parse_internal_render_format_spec(PyObject *obj,
                 format->thousands_separators = LT_UNDER_FOUR_LOCALE;
                 break;
             }
-            /* fall through */
+            _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
         default:
             invalid_thousands_separator_type(format->thousands_separators, format->type);
             return 0;
@@ -740,7 +740,7 @@ get_locale_info(enum LocaleType type, LocaleInfo *locale_info)
         break;
     case LT_NO_LOCALE:
         locale_info->decimal_point = PyUnicode_FromOrdinal('.');
-        locale_info->thousands_sep = PyUnicode_New(0, 0);
+        locale_info->thousands_sep = Py_GetConstant(Py_CONSTANT_EMPTY_STR);
         if (!locale_info->decimal_point || !locale_info->thousands_sep)
             return -1;
         locale_info->grouping = no_grouping;
diff --git a/Python/frame.c b/Python/frame.c
index 2bb12823572028..35e6c2d0a93333 100644
--- a/Python/frame.c
+++ b/Python/frame.c
@@ -13,16 +13,9 @@ _PyFrame_Traverse(_PyInterpreterFrame *frame, visitproc visit, void *arg)
 {
     Py_VISIT(frame->frame_obj);
     Py_VISIT(frame->f_locals);
-    Py_VISIT(frame->f_funcobj);
-    Py_VISIT(_PyFrame_GetCode(frame));
-   /* locals */
-    PyObject **locals = _PyFrame_GetLocalsArray(frame);
-    int i = 0;
-    /* locals and stack */
-    for (; i <frame->stacktop; i++) {
-        Py_VISIT(locals[i]);
-    }
-    return 0;
+    _Py_VISIT_STACKREF(frame->f_funcobj);
+    _Py_VISIT_STACKREF(frame->f_executable);
+    return _PyGC_VisitFrameStack(frame, visit, arg);
 }
 
 PyFrameObject *
@@ -59,10 +52,11 @@ take_ownership(PyFrameObject *f, _PyInterpreterFrame *frame)
     assert(frame->owner != FRAME_OWNED_BY_CSTACK);
     assert(frame->owner != FRAME_OWNED_BY_FRAME_OBJECT);
     assert(frame->owner != FRAME_CLEARED);
-    Py_ssize_t size = ((char*)&frame->localsplus[frame->stacktop]) - (char *)frame;
-    Py_INCREF(_PyFrame_GetCode(frame));
+    Py_ssize_t size = ((char*)frame->stackpointer) - (char *)frame;
     memcpy((_PyInterpreterFrame *)f->_f_frame_data, frame, size);
     frame = (_PyInterpreterFrame *)f->_f_frame_data;
+    frame->stackpointer = (_PyStackRef *)(((char *)frame) + size);
+    frame->f_executable = PyStackRef_DUP(frame->f_executable);
     f->f_frame = frame;
     frame->owner = FRAME_OWNED_BY_FRAME_OBJECT;
     if (_PyFrame_IsIncomplete(frame)) {
@@ -97,11 +91,13 @@ take_ownership(PyFrameObject *f, _PyInterpreterFrame *frame)
 void
 _PyFrame_ClearLocals(_PyInterpreterFrame *frame)
 {
-    assert(frame->stacktop >= 0);
-    int stacktop = frame->stacktop;
-    frame->stacktop = 0;
-    for (int i = 0; i < stacktop; i++) {
-        Py_XDECREF(frame->localsplus[i]);
+    assert(frame->stackpointer != NULL);
+    _PyStackRef *sp = frame->stackpointer;
+    _PyStackRef *locals = frame->localsplus;
+    frame->stackpointer = locals;
+    while (sp > locals) {
+        sp--;
+        PyStackRef_XCLOSE(*sp);
     }
     Py_CLEAR(frame->f_locals);
 }
@@ -112,7 +108,7 @@ _PyFrame_ClearExceptCode(_PyInterpreterFrame *frame)
     /* It is the responsibility of the owning generator/coroutine
      * to have cleared the enclosing generator, if any. */
     assert(frame->owner != FRAME_OWNED_BY_GENERATOR ||
-        _PyFrame_GetGenerator(frame)->gi_frame_state == FRAME_CLEARED);
+        _PyGen_GetGeneratorFromFrame(frame)->gi_frame_state == FRAME_CLEARED);
     // GH-99729: Clearing this frame can expose the stack (via finalizers). It's
     // crucial that this frame has been unlinked, and is no longer visible:
     assert(_PyThreadState_GET()->current_frame != frame);
@@ -127,7 +123,7 @@ _PyFrame_ClearExceptCode(_PyInterpreterFrame *frame)
         Py_DECREF(f);
     }
     _PyFrame_ClearLocals(frame);
-    Py_DECREF(frame->f_funcobj);
+    PyStackRef_CLEAR(frame->f_funcobj);
 }
 
 /* Unstable API functions */
@@ -135,9 +131,7 @@ _PyFrame_ClearExceptCode(_PyInterpreterFrame *frame)
 PyObject *
 PyUnstable_InterpreterFrame_GetCode(struct _PyInterpreterFrame *frame)
 {
-    PyObject *code = frame->f_executable;
-    Py_INCREF(code);
-    return code;
+    return PyStackRef_AsPyObjectNew(frame->f_executable);
 }
 
 int
diff --git a/Python/future.c b/Python/future.c
index 8d94d515605dcd..8aeb541cb05107 100644
--- a/Python/future.c
+++ b/Python/future.c
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 static int
 future_check_features(_PyFutureFeatures *ff, stmt_ty s, PyObject *filename)
 {
-    int i;
+    Py_ssize_t i;
 
     assert(s->kind == ImportFrom_kind);
 
diff --git a/Python/gc.c b/Python/gc.c
index b87697e1e5ecfd..028657eb8999c1 100644
--- a/Python/gc.c
+++ b/Python/gc.c
@@ -534,6 +534,24 @@ visit_decref(PyObject *op, void *parent)
     return 0;
 }
 
+int
+_PyGC_VisitStackRef(_PyStackRef *ref, visitproc visit, void *arg)
+{
+    Py_VISIT(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(*ref));
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int
+_PyGC_VisitFrameStack(_PyInterpreterFrame *frame, visitproc visit, void *arg)
+{
+    _PyStackRef *ref = _PyFrame_GetLocalsArray(frame);
+    /* locals and stack */
+    for (; ref < frame->stackpointer; ref++) {
+        Py_VISIT(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(*ref));
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
 /* Subtract internal references from gc_refs.  After this, gc_refs is >= 0
  * for all objects in containers, and is GC_REACHABLE for all tracked gc
  * objects not in containers.  The ones with gc_refs > 0 are directly
@@ -1289,6 +1307,7 @@ gc_collect_young(PyThreadState *tstate,
     GCState *gcstate = &tstate->interp->gc;
     PyGC_Head *young = &gcstate->young.head;
     PyGC_Head *visited = &gcstate->old[gcstate->visited_space].head;
+    GC_STAT_ADD(0, collections, 1);
 #ifdef Py_STATS
     {
         Py_ssize_t count = 0;
@@ -1417,6 +1436,7 @@ completed_cycle(GCState *gcstate)
 static void
 gc_collect_increment(PyThreadState *tstate, struct gc_collection_stats *stats)
 {
+    GC_STAT_ADD(1, collections, 1);
     GCState *gcstate = &tstate->interp->gc;
     PyGC_Head *not_visited = &gcstate->old[gcstate->visited_space^1].head;
     PyGC_Head *visited = &gcstate->old[gcstate->visited_space].head;
@@ -1462,6 +1482,7 @@ static void
 gc_collect_full(PyThreadState *tstate,
                 struct gc_collection_stats *stats)
 {
+    GC_STAT_ADD(2, collections, 1);
     GCState *gcstate = &tstate->interp->gc;
     validate_old(gcstate);
     PyGC_Head *young = &gcstate->young.head;
@@ -1698,20 +1719,25 @@ _PyGC_GetObjects(PyInterpreterState *interp, int generation)
     GCState *gcstate = &interp->gc;
 
     PyObject *result = PyList_New(0);
-    if (result == NULL) {
-        return NULL;
+    /* Generation:
+     * -1: Return all objects
+     * 0: All young objects
+     * 1: No objects
+     * 2: All old objects
+     */
+    if (result == NULL || generation == 1) {
+        return result;
     }
-
-    if (generation == -1) {
-        /* If generation is -1, get all objects from all generations */
-        for (int i = 0; i < NUM_GENERATIONS; i++) {
-            if (append_objects(result, GEN_HEAD(gcstate, i))) {
-                goto error;
-            }
+    if (generation <= 0) {
+        if (append_objects(result, &gcstate->young.head)) {
+            goto error;
         }
     }
-    else {
-        if (append_objects(result, GEN_HEAD(gcstate, generation))) {
+    if (generation != 0) {
+        if (append_objects(result, &gcstate->old[0].head)) {
+            goto error;
+        }
+        if (append_objects(result, &gcstate->old[1].head)) {
             goto error;
         }
     }
@@ -1784,6 +1810,24 @@ PyGC_IsEnabled(void)
     return gcstate->enabled;
 }
 
+// Show stats for objects in each generations
+static void
+show_stats_each_generations(GCState *gcstate)
+{
+    char buf[100];
+    size_t pos = 0;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < NUM_GENERATIONS && pos < sizeof(buf); i++) {
+        pos += PyOS_snprintf(buf+pos, sizeof(buf)-pos,
+                             " %zd",
+                             gc_list_size(GEN_HEAD(gcstate, i)));
+    }
+    PySys_FormatStderr(
+        "gc: objects in each generation:%s\n"
+        "gc: objects in permanent generation: %zd\n",
+        buf, gc_list_size(&gcstate->permanent_generation.head));
+}
+
 Py_ssize_t
 _PyGC_Collect(PyThreadState *tstate, int generation, _PyGC_Reason reason)
 {
@@ -1799,6 +1843,10 @@ _PyGC_Collect(PyThreadState *tstate, int generation, _PyGC_Reason reason)
     if (reason != _Py_GC_REASON_SHUTDOWN) {
         invoke_gc_callback(gcstate, "start", generation, &stats);
     }
+    if (gcstate->debug & _PyGC_DEBUG_STATS) {
+        PySys_WriteStderr("gc: collecting generation %d...\n", generation);
+        show_stats_each_generations(gcstate);
+    }
     if (PyDTrace_GC_START_ENABLED()) {
         PyDTrace_GC_START(generation);
     }
@@ -1896,6 +1944,13 @@ _PyGC_DumpShutdownStats(PyInterpreterState *interp)
     }
 }
 
+static void
+finalize_unlink_gc_head(PyGC_Head *gc) {
+    PyGC_Head *prev = GC_PREV(gc);
+    PyGC_Head *next = GC_NEXT(gc);
+    _PyGCHead_SET_NEXT(prev, next);
+    _PyGCHead_SET_PREV(next, prev);
+}
 
 void
 _PyGC_Fini(PyInterpreterState *interp)
@@ -1904,9 +1959,25 @@ _PyGC_Fini(PyInterpreterState *interp)
     Py_CLEAR(gcstate->garbage);
     Py_CLEAR(gcstate->callbacks);
 
-    /* We expect that none of this interpreters objects are shared
-       with other interpreters.
-       See https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/90228. */
+    /* Prevent a subtle bug that affects sub-interpreters that use basic
+     * single-phase init extensions (m_size == -1).  Those extensions cause objects
+     * to be shared between interpreters, via the PyDict_Update(mdict, m_copy) call
+     * in import_find_extension().
+     *
+     * If they are GC objects, their GC head next or prev links could refer to
+     * the interpreter _gc_runtime_state PyGC_Head nodes.  Those nodes go away
+     * when the interpreter structure is freed and so pointers to them become
+     * invalid.  If those objects are still used by another interpreter and
+     * UNTRACK is called on them, a crash will happen.  We untrack the nodes
+     * here to avoid that.
+     *
+     * This bug was originally fixed when reported as gh-90228.  The bug was
+     * re-introduced in gh-94673.
+     */
+    finalize_unlink_gc_head(&gcstate->young.head);
+    finalize_unlink_gc_head(&gcstate->old[0].head);
+    finalize_unlink_gc_head(&gcstate->old[1].head);
+    finalize_unlink_gc_head(&gcstate->permanent_generation.head);
 }
 
 /* for debugging */
@@ -2044,6 +2115,9 @@ _PyObject_GC_New(PyTypeObject *tp)
         return NULL;
     }
     _PyObject_Init(op, tp);
+    if (tp->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_INLINE_VALUES) {
+        _PyObject_InitInlineValues(op, tp);
+    }
     return op;
 }
 
@@ -2083,7 +2157,7 @@ PyVarObject *
 _PyObject_GC_Resize(PyVarObject *op, Py_ssize_t nitems)
 {
     const size_t basicsize = _PyObject_VAR_SIZE(Py_TYPE(op), nitems);
-    const size_t presize = _PyType_PreHeaderSize(((PyObject *)op)->ob_type);
+    const size_t presize = _PyType_PreHeaderSize(Py_TYPE(op));
     _PyObject_ASSERT((PyObject *)op, !_PyObject_GC_IS_TRACKED(op));
     if (basicsize > (size_t)PY_SSIZE_T_MAX - presize) {
         return (PyVarObject *)PyErr_NoMemory();
@@ -2101,7 +2175,7 @@ _PyObject_GC_Resize(PyVarObject *op, Py_ssize_t nitems)
 void
 PyObject_GC_Del(void *op)
 {
-    size_t presize = _PyType_PreHeaderSize(((PyObject *)op)->ob_type);
+    size_t presize = _PyType_PreHeaderSize(Py_TYPE(op));
     PyGC_Head *g = AS_GC(op);
     if (_PyObject_GC_IS_TRACKED(op)) {
         gc_list_remove(g);
@@ -2109,7 +2183,7 @@ PyObject_GC_Del(void *op)
         PyObject *exc = PyErr_GetRaisedException();
         if (PyErr_WarnExplicitFormat(PyExc_ResourceWarning, "gc", 0,
                                      "gc", NULL, "Object of type %s is not untracked before destruction",
-                                     ((PyObject*)op)->ob_type->tp_name)) {
+                                     Py_TYPE(op)->tp_name)) {
             PyErr_WriteUnraisable(NULL);
         }
         PyErr_SetRaisedException(exc);
diff --git a/Python/gc_free_threading.c b/Python/gc_free_threading.c
index f19362c9573812..1969ed608ea524 100644
--- a/Python/gc_free_threading.c
+++ b/Python/gc_free_threading.c
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include "pycore_ceval.h"         // _Py_set_eval_breaker_bit()
 #include "pycore_context.h"
 #include "pycore_dict.h"          // _PyDict_MaybeUntrack()
+#include "pycore_freelist.h"      // _PyObject_ClearFreeLists()
 #include "pycore_initconfig.h"
 #include "pycore_interp.h"        // PyInterpreterState.gc
 #include "pycore_object.h"
@@ -14,6 +15,7 @@
 #include "pycore_tstate.h"        // _PyThreadStateImpl
 #include "pycore_weakref.h"       // _PyWeakref_ClearRef()
 #include "pydtrace.h"
+#include "pycore_uniqueid.h"      // _PyObject_MergeThreadLocalRefcounts()
 
 #ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
 
@@ -53,6 +55,7 @@ struct collection_state {
     struct visitor_args base;
     PyInterpreterState *interp;
     GCState *gcstate;
+    _PyGC_Reason reason;
     Py_ssize_t collected;
     Py_ssize_t uncollectable;
     Py_ssize_t long_lived_total;
@@ -158,15 +161,6 @@ gc_decref(PyObject *op)
     op->ob_tid -= 1;
 }
 
-static void
-disable_deferred_refcounting(PyObject *op)
-{
-    if (_PyObject_HasDeferredRefcount(op)) {
-        op->ob_gc_bits &= ~_PyGC_BITS_DEFERRED;
-        op->ob_ref_shared -= (1 << _Py_REF_SHARED_SHIFT);
-    }
-}
-
 static Py_ssize_t
 merge_refcount(PyObject *op, Py_ssize_t extra)
 {
@@ -186,6 +180,60 @@ merge_refcount(PyObject *op, Py_ssize_t extra)
     return refcount;
 }
 
+static void
+frame_disable_deferred_refcounting(_PyInterpreterFrame *frame)
+{
+    // Convert locals, variables, and the executable object to strong
+    // references from (possibly) deferred references.
+    assert(frame->stackpointer != NULL);
+    assert(frame->owner == FRAME_OWNED_BY_FRAME_OBJECT ||
+           frame->owner == FRAME_OWNED_BY_GENERATOR);
+
+    frame->f_executable = PyStackRef_AsStrongReference(frame->f_executable);
+
+    if (frame->owner == FRAME_OWNED_BY_GENERATOR) {
+        PyGenObject *gen = _PyGen_GetGeneratorFromFrame(frame);
+        if (gen->gi_frame_state == FRAME_CLEARED) {
+            // gh-124068: if the generator is cleared, then most fields other
+            // than f_executable are not valid.
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
+    frame->f_funcobj = PyStackRef_AsStrongReference(frame->f_funcobj);
+    for (_PyStackRef *ref = frame->localsplus; ref < frame->stackpointer; ref++) {
+        if (!PyStackRef_IsNull(*ref) && PyStackRef_IsDeferred(*ref)) {
+            *ref = PyStackRef_AsStrongReference(*ref);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+disable_deferred_refcounting(PyObject *op)
+{
+    if (_PyObject_HasDeferredRefcount(op)) {
+        op->ob_gc_bits &= ~_PyGC_BITS_DEFERRED;
+        op->ob_ref_shared -= _Py_REF_SHARED(_Py_REF_DEFERRED, 0);
+        merge_refcount(op, 0);
+
+        // Heap types and code objects also use per-thread refcounting, which
+        // should also be disabled when we turn off deferred refcounting.
+        _PyObject_DisablePerThreadRefcounting(op);
+    }
+
+    // Generators and frame objects may contain deferred references to other
+    // objects. If the pointed-to objects are part of cyclic trash, we may
+    // have disabled deferred refcounting on them and need to ensure that we
+    // use strong references, in case the generator or frame object is
+    // resurrected by a finalizer.
+    if (PyGen_CheckExact(op) || PyCoro_CheckExact(op) || PyAsyncGen_CheckExact(op)) {
+        frame_disable_deferred_refcounting(&((PyGenObject *)op)->gi_iframe);
+    }
+    else if (PyFrame_Check(op)) {
+        frame_disable_deferred_refcounting(((PyFrameObject *)op)->f_frame);
+    }
+}
+
 static void
 gc_restore_tid(PyObject *op)
 {
@@ -302,6 +350,43 @@ gc_visit_heaps(PyInterpreterState *interp, mi_block_visit_fun *visitor,
     return err;
 }
 
+static inline void
+gc_visit_stackref(_PyStackRef stackref)
+{
+    // Note: we MUST check that it is deferred before checking the rest.
+    // Otherwise we might read into invalid memory due to non-deferred references
+    // being dead already.
+    if (PyStackRef_IsDeferred(stackref) && !PyStackRef_IsNull(stackref)) {
+        PyObject *obj = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(stackref);
+        if (_PyObject_GC_IS_TRACKED(obj)) {
+            gc_add_refs(obj, 1);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// Add 1 to the gc_refs for every deferred reference on each thread's stack.
+static void
+gc_visit_thread_stacks(PyInterpreterState *interp)
+{
+    HEAD_LOCK(&_PyRuntime);
+    for (PyThreadState *p = interp->threads.head; p != NULL; p = p->next) {
+        for (_PyInterpreterFrame *f = p->current_frame; f != NULL; f = f->previous) {
+            PyObject *executable = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(f->f_executable);
+            if (executable == NULL || !PyCode_Check(executable)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            PyCodeObject *co = (PyCodeObject *)executable;
+            int max_stack = co->co_nlocalsplus + co->co_stacksize;
+            gc_visit_stackref(f->f_executable);
+            for (int i = 0; i < max_stack; i++) {
+                gc_visit_stackref(f->localsplus[i]);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    HEAD_UNLOCK(&_PyRuntime);
+}
+
 static void
 merge_queued_objects(_PyThreadStateImpl *tstate, struct collection_state *state)
 {
@@ -327,31 +412,27 @@ merge_queued_objects(_PyThreadStateImpl *tstate, struct collection_state *state)
     }
 }
 
-static void
-merge_all_queued_objects(PyInterpreterState *interp, struct collection_state *state)
-{
-    HEAD_LOCK(&_PyRuntime);
-    for (PyThreadState *p = interp->threads.head; p != NULL; p = p->next) {
-        merge_queued_objects((_PyThreadStateImpl *)p, state);
-    }
-    HEAD_UNLOCK(&_PyRuntime);
-}
-
 static void
 process_delayed_frees(PyInterpreterState *interp)
 {
-    // In STW status, we can observe the latest write sequence by
-    // advancing the write sequence immediately.
+    // While we are in a "stop the world" pause, we can observe the latest
+    // write sequence by advancing the write sequence immediately.
     _Py_qsbr_advance(&interp->qsbr);
     _PyThreadStateImpl *current_tstate = (_PyThreadStateImpl *)_PyThreadState_GET();
     _Py_qsbr_quiescent_state(current_tstate->qsbr);
+
+    // Merge the queues from other threads into our own queue so that we can
+    // process all of the pending delayed free requests at once.
     HEAD_LOCK(&_PyRuntime);
-    PyThreadState *tstate = interp->threads.head;
-    while (tstate != NULL) {
-        _PyMem_ProcessDelayed(tstate);
-        tstate = (PyThreadState *)tstate->next;
+    for (PyThreadState *p = interp->threads.head; p != NULL; p = p->next) {
+        _PyThreadStateImpl *other = (_PyThreadStateImpl *)p;
+        if (other != current_tstate) {
+            llist_concat(&current_tstate->mem_free_queue, &other->mem_free_queue);
+        }
     }
     HEAD_UNLOCK(&_PyRuntime);
+
+    _PyMem_ProcessDelayed((PyThreadState *)current_tstate);
 }
 
 // Subtract an incoming reference from the computed "gc_refs" refcount.
@@ -388,7 +469,9 @@ update_refs(const mi_heap_t *heap, const mi_heap_area_t *area,
     }
 
     Py_ssize_t refcount = Py_REFCNT(op);
-    refcount -= _PyObject_HasDeferredRefcount(op);
+    if (_PyObject_HasDeferredRefcount(op)) {
+        refcount -= _Py_REF_DEFERRED;
+    }
     _PyObject_ASSERT(op, refcount >= 0);
 
     if (refcount > 0 && !_PyObject_HasDeferredRefcount(op)) {
@@ -455,6 +538,30 @@ mark_reachable(PyObject *op)
 }
 
 #ifdef GC_DEBUG
+static bool
+validate_refcounts(const mi_heap_t *heap, const mi_heap_area_t *area,
+                   void *block, size_t block_size, void *args)
+{
+    PyObject *op = op_from_block(block, args, false);
+    if (op == NULL) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    _PyObject_ASSERT_WITH_MSG(op, !gc_is_unreachable(op),
+                              "object should not be marked as unreachable yet");
+
+    if (_Py_REF_IS_MERGED(op->ob_ref_shared)) {
+        _PyObject_ASSERT_WITH_MSG(op, op->ob_tid == 0,
+                                  "merged objects should have ob_tid == 0");
+    }
+    else if (!_Py_IsImmortal(op)) {
+        _PyObject_ASSERT_WITH_MSG(op, op->ob_tid != 0,
+                                  "unmerged objects should have ob_tid != 0");
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
 static bool
 validate_gc_objects(const mi_heap_t *heap, const mi_heap_area_t *area,
                     void *block, size_t block_size, void *args)
@@ -498,6 +605,19 @@ mark_heap_visitor(const mi_heap_t *heap, const mi_heap_area_t *area,
     return true;
 }
 
+static bool
+restore_refs(const mi_heap_t *heap, const mi_heap_area_t *area,
+             void *block, size_t block_size, void *args)
+{
+    PyObject *op = op_from_block(block, args, false);
+    if (op == NULL) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    gc_restore_tid(op);
+    gc_clear_unreachable(op);
+    return true;
+}
+
 /* Return true if object has a pre-PEP 442 finalization method. */
 static int
 has_legacy_finalizer(PyObject *op)
@@ -532,13 +652,19 @@ scan_heap_visitor(const mi_heap_t *heap, const mi_heap_area_t *area,
         else {
             worklist_push(&state->unreachable, op);
         }
+        return true;
     }
-    else {
-        // object is reachable, restore `ob_tid`; we're done with these objects
-        gc_restore_tid(op);
-        state->long_lived_total++;
+
+    if (state->reason == _Py_GC_REASON_SHUTDOWN) {
+        // Disable deferred refcounting for reachable objects as well during
+        // interpreter shutdown. This ensures that these objects are collected
+        // immediately when their last reference is removed.
+        disable_deferred_refcounting(op);
     }
 
+    // object is reachable, restore `ob_tid`; we're done with these objects
+    gc_restore_tid(op);
+    state->long_lived_total++;
     return true;
 }
 
@@ -549,6 +675,13 @@ static int
 deduce_unreachable_heap(PyInterpreterState *interp,
                         struct collection_state *state)
 {
+
+#ifdef GC_DEBUG
+    // Check that all objects are marked as unreachable and that the computed
+    // reference count difference (stored in `ob_tid`) is non-negative.
+    gc_visit_heaps(interp, &validate_refcounts, &state->base);
+#endif
+
     // Identify objects that are directly reachable from outside the GC heap
     // by computing the difference between the refcount and the number of
     // incoming references.
@@ -560,9 +693,14 @@ deduce_unreachable_heap(PyInterpreterState *interp,
     gc_visit_heaps(interp, &validate_gc_objects, &state->base);
 #endif
 
+    // Visit the thread stacks to account for any deferred references.
+    gc_visit_thread_stacks(interp);
+
     // Transitively mark reachable objects by clearing the
     // _PyGC_BITS_UNREACHABLE flag.
     if (gc_visit_heaps(interp, &mark_heap_visitor, &state->base) < 0) {
+        // On out-of-memory, restore the refcounts and bail out.
+        gc_visit_heaps(interp, &restore_refs, &state->base);
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -707,10 +845,6 @@ _PyGC_Init(PyInterpreterState *interp)
 {
     GCState *gcstate = &interp->gc;
 
-    // gh-117783: immortalize objects that would use deferred refcounting
-    // once the first non-main thread is created (but not in subinterpreters).
-    gcstate->immortalize = _Py_IsMainInterpreter(interp) ? 0 : -1;
-
     gcstate->garbage = PyList_New(0);
     if (gcstate->garbage == NULL) {
         return _PyStatus_NO_MEMORY();
@@ -842,6 +976,31 @@ visit_decref_unreachable(PyObject *op, void *data)
     return 0;
 }
 
+int
+_PyGC_VisitStackRef(_PyStackRef *ref, visitproc visit, void *arg)
+{
+    // This is a bit tricky! We want to ignore deferred references when
+    // computing the incoming references, but otherwise treat them like
+    // regular references.
+    if (!PyStackRef_IsDeferred(*ref) ||
+        (visit != visit_decref && visit != visit_decref_unreachable))
+    {
+        Py_VISIT(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(*ref));
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int
+_PyGC_VisitFrameStack(_PyInterpreterFrame *frame, visitproc visit, void *arg)
+{
+    _PyStackRef *ref = _PyFrame_GetLocalsArray(frame);
+    /* locals and stack */
+    for (; ref < frame->stackpointer; ref++) {
+        _Py_VISIT_STACKREF(*ref);
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
 // Handle objects that may have resurrected after a call to 'finalize_garbage'.
 static int
 handle_resurrected_objects(struct collection_state *state)
@@ -1058,15 +1217,26 @@ gc_collect_internal(PyInterpreterState *interp, struct collection_state *state,
         state->gcstate->old[i-1].count = 0;
     }
 
-    // merge refcounts for all queued objects
-    merge_all_queued_objects(interp, state);
+    HEAD_LOCK(&_PyRuntime);
+    for (PyThreadState *p = interp->threads.head; p != NULL; p = p->next) {
+        _PyThreadStateImpl *tstate = (_PyThreadStateImpl *)p;
+
+        // merge per-thread refcount for types into the type's actual refcount
+        _PyObject_MergePerThreadRefcounts(tstate);
+
+        // merge refcounts for all queued objects
+        merge_queued_objects(tstate, state);
+    }
+    HEAD_UNLOCK(&_PyRuntime);
+
     process_delayed_frees(interp);
 
     // Find unreachable objects
     int err = deduce_unreachable_heap(interp, state);
     if (err < 0) {
         _PyEval_StartTheWorld(interp);
-        goto error;
+        PyErr_NoMemory();
+        return;
     }
 
     // Print debugging information.
@@ -1100,7 +1270,12 @@ gc_collect_internal(PyInterpreterState *interp, struct collection_state *state,
     _PyEval_StartTheWorld(interp);
 
     if (err < 0) {
-        goto error;
+        cleanup_worklist(&state->unreachable);
+        cleanup_worklist(&state->legacy_finalizers);
+        cleanup_worklist(&state->wrcb_to_call);
+        cleanup_worklist(&state->objs_to_decref);
+        PyErr_NoMemory();
+        return;
     }
 
     // Call tp_clear on objects in the unreachable set. This will cause
@@ -1110,15 +1285,6 @@ gc_collect_internal(PyInterpreterState *interp, struct collection_state *state,
 
     // Append objects with legacy finalizers to the "gc.garbage" list.
     handle_legacy_finalizers(state);
-    return;
-
-error:
-    cleanup_worklist(&state->unreachable);
-    cleanup_worklist(&state->legacy_finalizers);
-    cleanup_worklist(&state->wrcb_to_call);
-    cleanup_worklist(&state->objs_to_decref);
-    PyErr_NoMemory();
-    PyErr_FormatUnraisable("Out of memory during garbage collection");
 }
 
 /* This is the main function.  Read this to understand how the
@@ -1177,6 +1343,7 @@ gc_collect_main(PyThreadState *tstate, int generation, _PyGC_Reason reason)
     struct collection_state state = {
         .interp = interp,
         .gcstate = gcstate,
+        .reason = reason,
     };
 
     gc_collect_internal(interp, &state, generation);
@@ -1234,10 +1401,32 @@ gc_collect_main(PyThreadState *tstate, int generation, _PyGC_Reason reason)
     return n + m;
 }
 
+static PyObject *
+list_from_object_stack(_PyObjectStack *stack)
+{
+    PyObject *list = PyList_New(_PyObjectStack_Size(stack));
+    if (list == NULL) {
+        PyObject *op;
+        while ((op = _PyObjectStack_Pop(stack)) != NULL) {
+            Py_DECREF(op);
+        }
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    PyObject *op;
+    Py_ssize_t idx = 0;
+    while ((op = _PyObjectStack_Pop(stack)) != NULL) {
+        assert(idx < PyList_GET_SIZE(list));
+        PyList_SET_ITEM(list, idx++, op);
+    }
+    assert(idx == PyList_GET_SIZE(list));
+    return list;
+}
+
 struct get_referrers_args {
     struct visitor_args base;
     PyObject *objs;
-    struct worklist results;
+    _PyObjectStack results;
 };
 
 static int
@@ -1261,11 +1450,21 @@ visit_get_referrers(const mi_heap_t *heap, const mi_heap_area_t *area,
     if (op == NULL) {
         return true;
     }
+    if (op->ob_gc_bits & (_PyGC_BITS_UNREACHABLE | _PyGC_BITS_FROZEN)) {
+        // Exclude unreachable objects (in-progress GC) and frozen
+        // objects from gc.get_objects() to match the default build.
+        return true;
+    }
 
     struct get_referrers_args *arg = (struct get_referrers_args *)args;
+    if (op == arg->objs) {
+        // Don't include the tuple itself in the referrers list.
+        return true;
+    }
     if (Py_TYPE(op)->tp_traverse(op, referrersvisit, arg->objs)) {
-        op->ob_tid = 0;  // we will restore the refcount later
-        worklist_push(&arg->results, op);
+        if (_PyObjectStack_Push(&arg->results, Py_NewRef(op)) < 0) {
+            return false;
+        }
     }
 
     return true;
@@ -1274,48 +1473,25 @@ visit_get_referrers(const mi_heap_t *heap, const mi_heap_area_t *area,
 PyObject *
 _PyGC_GetReferrers(PyInterpreterState *interp, PyObject *objs)
 {
-    PyObject *result = PyList_New(0);
-    if (!result) {
-        return NULL;
-    }
-
-    _PyEval_StopTheWorld(interp);
-
-    // Append all objects to a worklist. This abuses ob_tid. We will restore
-    // it later. NOTE: We can't append to the PyListObject during
-    // gc_visit_heaps() because PyList_Append() may reclaim an abandoned
-    // mimalloc segments while we are traversing them.
+    // NOTE: We can't append to the PyListObject during gc_visit_heaps()
+    // because PyList_Append() may reclaim an abandoned mimalloc segments
+    // while we are traversing them.
     struct get_referrers_args args = { .objs = objs };
-    gc_visit_heaps(interp, &visit_get_referrers, &args.base);
-
-    bool error = false;
-    PyObject *op;
-    while ((op = worklist_pop(&args.results)) != NULL) {
-        gc_restore_tid(op);
-        if (op != objs && PyList_Append(result, op) < 0) {
-            error = true;
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-
-    // In case of error, clear the remaining worklist
-    while ((op = worklist_pop(&args.results)) != NULL) {
-        gc_restore_tid(op);
-    }
-
+    _PyEval_StopTheWorld(interp);
+    int err = gc_visit_heaps(interp, &visit_get_referrers, &args.base);
     _PyEval_StartTheWorld(interp);
 
-    if (error) {
-        Py_DECREF(result);
-        return NULL;
+    PyObject *list = list_from_object_stack(&args.results);
+    if (err < 0) {
+        PyErr_NoMemory();
+        Py_CLEAR(list);
     }
-
-    return result;
+    return list;
 }
 
 struct get_objects_args {
     struct visitor_args base;
-    struct worklist objects;
+    _PyObjectStack objects;
 };
 
 static bool
@@ -1326,54 +1502,36 @@ visit_get_objects(const mi_heap_t *heap, const mi_heap_area_t *area,
     if (op == NULL) {
         return true;
     }
+    if (op->ob_gc_bits & (_PyGC_BITS_UNREACHABLE | _PyGC_BITS_FROZEN)) {
+        // Exclude unreachable objects (in-progress GC) and frozen
+        // objects from gc.get_objects() to match the default build.
+        return true;
+    }
 
     struct get_objects_args *arg = (struct get_objects_args *)args;
-    op->ob_tid = 0;  // we will restore the refcount later
-    worklist_push(&arg->objects, op);
-
+    if (_PyObjectStack_Push(&arg->objects, Py_NewRef(op)) < 0) {
+        return false;
+    }
     return true;
 }
 
 PyObject *
 _PyGC_GetObjects(PyInterpreterState *interp, int generation)
 {
-    PyObject *result = PyList_New(0);
-    if (!result) {
-        return NULL;
-    }
-
-    _PyEval_StopTheWorld(interp);
-
-    // Append all objects to a worklist. This abuses ob_tid. We will restore
-    // it later. NOTE: We can't append to the list during gc_visit_heaps()
-    // because PyList_Append() may reclaim an abandoned mimalloc segment
-    // while we are traversing it.
+    // NOTE: We can't append to the PyListObject during gc_visit_heaps()
+    // because PyList_Append() may reclaim an abandoned mimalloc segments
+    // while we are traversing them.
     struct get_objects_args args = { 0 };
-    gc_visit_heaps(interp, &visit_get_objects, &args.base);
-
-    bool error = false;
-    PyObject *op;
-    while ((op = worklist_pop(&args.objects)) != NULL) {
-        gc_restore_tid(op);
-        if (op != result && PyList_Append(result, op) < 0) {
-            error = true;
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-
-    // In case of error, clear the remaining worklist
-    while ((op = worklist_pop(&args.objects)) != NULL) {
-        gc_restore_tid(op);
-    }
-
+    _PyEval_StopTheWorld(interp);
+    int err = gc_visit_heaps(interp, &visit_get_objects, &args.base);
     _PyEval_StartTheWorld(interp);
 
-    if (error) {
-        Py_DECREF(result);
-        return NULL;
+    PyObject *list = list_from_object_stack(&args.objects);
+    if (err < 0) {
+        PyErr_NoMemory();
+        Py_CLEAR(list);
     }
-
-    return result;
+    return list;
 }
 
 static bool
@@ -1675,6 +1833,9 @@ _PyObject_GC_New(PyTypeObject *tp)
         return NULL;
     }
     _PyObject_Init(op, tp);
+    if (tp->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_INLINE_VALUES) {
+        _PyObject_InitInlineValues(op, tp);
+    }
     return op;
 }
 
@@ -1791,32 +1952,6 @@ custom_visitor_wrapper(const mi_heap_t *heap, const mi_heap_area_t *area,
     return true;
 }
 
-// gh-117783: Immortalize objects that use deferred reference counting to
-// temporarily work around scaling bottlenecks.
-static bool
-immortalize_visitor(const mi_heap_t *heap, const mi_heap_area_t *area,
-                    void *block, size_t block_size, void *args)
-{
-    PyObject *op = op_from_block(block, args, false);
-    if (op != NULL && _PyObject_HasDeferredRefcount(op)) {
-        _Py_SetImmortal(op);
-        op->ob_gc_bits &= ~_PyGC_BITS_DEFERRED;
-    }
-    return true;
-}
-
-void
-_PyGC_ImmortalizeDeferredObjects(PyInterpreterState *interp)
-{
-    struct visitor_args args;
-    _PyEval_StopTheWorld(interp);
-    if (interp->gc.immortalize == 0) {
-        gc_visit_heaps(interp, &immortalize_visitor, &args);
-        interp->gc.immortalize = 1;
-    }
-    _PyEval_StartTheWorld(interp);
-}
-
 void
 PyUnstable_GC_VisitObjects(gcvisitobjects_t callback, void *arg)
 {
diff --git a/Python/gc_gil.c b/Python/gc_gil.c
index 48646c7af86b7f..7d62a9ed0b1ca8 100644
--- a/Python/gc_gil.c
+++ b/Python/gc_gil.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #include "Python.h"
-#include "pycore_pystate.h"   // _Py_ClearFreeLists()
+#include "pycore_freelist.h"   // _PyObject_ClearFreeLists()
 
 #ifndef Py_GIL_DISABLED
 
diff --git a/Python/generated_cases.c.h b/Python/generated_cases.c.h
index 355be966cbb84a..35af1dc412b795 100644
--- a/Python/generated_cases.c.h
+++ b/Python/generated_cases.c.h
@@ -9,118 +9,31 @@
 #define TIER_ONE 1
 
 
-        TARGET(BEFORE_ASYNC_WITH) {
-            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
-            next_instr += 1;
-            INSTRUCTION_STATS(BEFORE_ASYNC_WITH);
-            PyObject *mgr;
-            PyObject *exit;
-            PyObject *res;
-            mgr = stack_pointer[-1];
-            PyObject *enter = _PyObject_LookupSpecial(mgr, &_Py_ID(__aenter__));
-            if (enter == NULL) {
-                if (!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
-                    _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
-                                  "'%.200s' object does not support the "
-                                  "asynchronous context manager protocol",
-                                  Py_TYPE(mgr)->tp_name);
-                }
-                goto error;
-            }
-            exit = _PyObject_LookupSpecial(mgr, &_Py_ID(__aexit__));
-            if (exit == NULL) {
-                if (!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
-                    _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
-                                  "'%.200s' object does not support the "
-                                  "asynchronous context manager protocol "
-                                  "(missed __aexit__ method)",
-                                  Py_TYPE(mgr)->tp_name);
-                }
-                Py_DECREF(enter);
-                goto error;
-            }
-            Py_DECREF(mgr);
-            res = PyObject_CallNoArgs(enter);
-            Py_DECREF(enter);
-            if (res == NULL) {
-                Py_DECREF(exit);
-                if (true) goto pop_1_error;
-            }
-            stack_pointer[-1] = exit;
-            stack_pointer[0] = res;
-            stack_pointer += 1;
-            DISPATCH();
-        }
-
-        TARGET(BEFORE_WITH) {
-            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
-            next_instr += 1;
-            INSTRUCTION_STATS(BEFORE_WITH);
-            PyObject *mgr;
-            PyObject *exit;
-            PyObject *res;
-            mgr = stack_pointer[-1];
-            /* pop the context manager, push its __exit__ and the
-             * value returned from calling its __enter__
-             */
-            PyObject *enter = _PyObject_LookupSpecial(mgr, &_Py_ID(__enter__));
-            if (enter == NULL) {
-                if (!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
-                    _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
-                                  "'%.200s' object does not support the "
-                                  "context manager protocol",
-                                  Py_TYPE(mgr)->tp_name);
-                }
-                goto error;
-            }
-            exit = _PyObject_LookupSpecial(mgr, &_Py_ID(__exit__));
-            if (exit == NULL) {
-                if (!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
-                    _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
-                                  "'%.200s' object does not support the "
-                                  "context manager protocol "
-                                  "(missed __exit__ method)",
-                                  Py_TYPE(mgr)->tp_name);
-                }
-                Py_DECREF(enter);
-                goto error;
-            }
-            Py_DECREF(mgr);
-            res = PyObject_CallNoArgs(enter);
-            Py_DECREF(enter);
-            if (res == NULL) {
-                Py_DECREF(exit);
-                if (true) goto pop_1_error;
-            }
-            stack_pointer[-1] = exit;
-            stack_pointer[0] = res;
-            stack_pointer += 1;
-            DISPATCH();
-        }
-
         TARGET(BINARY_OP) {
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 2;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(BINARY_OP);
             PREDICTED(BINARY_OP);
-            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = next_instr - 2;
+            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = next_instr - 2;
             (void)this_instr;
-            PyObject *rhs;
-            PyObject *lhs;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef lhs;
+            _PyStackRef rhs;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             // _SPECIALIZE_BINARY_OP
-            rhs = stack_pointer[-1];
-            lhs = stack_pointer[-2];
             {
+                rhs = stack_pointer[-1];
+                lhs = stack_pointer[-2];
                 uint16_t counter = read_u16(&this_instr[1].cache);
                 (void)counter;
                 #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
                 if (ADAPTIVE_COUNTER_TRIGGERS(counter)) {
                     next_instr = this_instr;
+                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                     _Py_Specialize_BinaryOp(lhs, rhs, next_instr, oparg, LOCALS_ARRAY);
+                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                     DISPATCH_SAME_OPARG();
                 }
-                STAT_INC(BINARY_OP, deferred);
+                OPCODE_DEFERRED_INC(BINARY_OP);
                 ADVANCE_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(this_instr[1].counter);
                 #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
                 assert(NB_ADD <= oparg);
@@ -128,14 +41,20 @@
             }
             // _BINARY_OP
             {
+                PyObject *lhs_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(lhs);
+                PyObject *rhs_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(rhs);
                 assert(_PyEval_BinaryOps[oparg]);
-                res = _PyEval_BinaryOps[oparg](lhs, rhs);
-                Py_DECREF(lhs);
-                Py_DECREF(rhs);
-                if (res == NULL) goto pop_2_error;
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                PyObject *res_o = _PyEval_BinaryOps[oparg](lhs_o, rhs_o);
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(lhs);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(rhs);
+                if (res_o == NULL) goto pop_2_error;
+                res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
             }
             stack_pointer[-2] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -144,27 +63,34 @@
             next_instr += 2;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(BINARY_OP_ADD_FLOAT);
             static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_BINARY_OP == 1, "incorrect cache size");
-            PyObject *right;
-            PyObject *left;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef left;
+            _PyStackRef right;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             // _GUARD_BOTH_FLOAT
-            right = stack_pointer[-1];
-            left = stack_pointer[-2];
             {
-                DEOPT_IF(!PyFloat_CheckExact(left), BINARY_OP);
-                DEOPT_IF(!PyFloat_CheckExact(right), BINARY_OP);
+                right = stack_pointer[-1];
+                left = stack_pointer[-2];
+                PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
+                PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
+                DEOPT_IF(!PyFloat_CheckExact(left_o), BINARY_OP);
+                DEOPT_IF(!PyFloat_CheckExact(right_o), BINARY_OP);
             }
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
             // _BINARY_OP_ADD_FLOAT
             {
+                PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
+                PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
                 STAT_INC(BINARY_OP, hit);
                 double dres =
-                ((PyFloatObject *)left)->ob_fval +
-                ((PyFloatObject *)right)->ob_fval;
-                DECREF_INPUTS_AND_REUSE_FLOAT(left, right, dres, res);
+                ((PyFloatObject *)left_o)->ob_fval +
+                ((PyFloatObject *)right_o)->ob_fval;
+                PyObject *res_o = _PyFloat_FromDouble_ConsumeInputs(left, right, dres);
+                if (res_o == NULL) goto pop_2_error;
+                res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
             }
             stack_pointer[-2] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -173,27 +99,33 @@
             next_instr += 2;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(BINARY_OP_ADD_INT);
             static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_BINARY_OP == 1, "incorrect cache size");
-            PyObject *right;
-            PyObject *left;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef left;
+            _PyStackRef right;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             // _GUARD_BOTH_INT
-            right = stack_pointer[-1];
-            left = stack_pointer[-2];
             {
-                DEOPT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(left), BINARY_OP);
-                DEOPT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(right), BINARY_OP);
+                right = stack_pointer[-1];
+                left = stack_pointer[-2];
+                PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
+                PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
+                DEOPT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(left_o), BINARY_OP);
+                DEOPT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(right_o), BINARY_OP);
             }
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
             // _BINARY_OP_ADD_INT
             {
+                PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
+                PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
                 STAT_INC(BINARY_OP, hit);
-                res = _PyLong_Add((PyLongObject *)left, (PyLongObject *)right);
-                _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(right, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
-                _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(left, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
-                if (res == NULL) goto pop_2_error;
+                PyObject *res_o = _PyLong_Add((PyLongObject *)left_o, (PyLongObject *)right_o);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED(right, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED(left, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
+                if (res_o == NULL) goto pop_2_error;
+                res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
             }
             stack_pointer[-2] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -202,27 +134,33 @@
             next_instr += 2;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(BINARY_OP_ADD_UNICODE);
             static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_BINARY_OP == 1, "incorrect cache size");
-            PyObject *right;
-            PyObject *left;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef left;
+            _PyStackRef right;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             // _GUARD_BOTH_UNICODE
-            right = stack_pointer[-1];
-            left = stack_pointer[-2];
             {
-                DEOPT_IF(!PyUnicode_CheckExact(left), BINARY_OP);
-                DEOPT_IF(!PyUnicode_CheckExact(right), BINARY_OP);
+                right = stack_pointer[-1];
+                left = stack_pointer[-2];
+                PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
+                PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
+                DEOPT_IF(!PyUnicode_CheckExact(left_o), BINARY_OP);
+                DEOPT_IF(!PyUnicode_CheckExact(right_o), BINARY_OP);
             }
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
             // _BINARY_OP_ADD_UNICODE
             {
+                PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
+                PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
                 STAT_INC(BINARY_OP, hit);
-                res = PyUnicode_Concat(left, right);
-                _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(left, _PyUnicode_ExactDealloc);
-                _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(right, _PyUnicode_ExactDealloc);
-                if (res == NULL) goto pop_2_error;
+                PyObject *res_o = PyUnicode_Concat(left_o, right_o);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED(left, _PyUnicode_ExactDealloc);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED(right, _PyUnicode_ExactDealloc);
+                if (res_o == NULL) goto pop_2_error;
+                res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
             }
             stack_pointer[-2] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -231,21 +169,33 @@
             next_instr += 2;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(BINARY_OP_INPLACE_ADD_UNICODE);
             static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_BINARY_OP == 1, "incorrect cache size");
-            PyObject *right;
-            PyObject *left;
+            _PyStackRef left;
+            _PyStackRef right;
             // _GUARD_BOTH_UNICODE
-            right = stack_pointer[-1];
-            left = stack_pointer[-2];
             {
-                DEOPT_IF(!PyUnicode_CheckExact(left), BINARY_OP);
-                DEOPT_IF(!PyUnicode_CheckExact(right), BINARY_OP);
+                right = stack_pointer[-1];
+                left = stack_pointer[-2];
+                PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
+                PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
+                DEOPT_IF(!PyUnicode_CheckExact(left_o), BINARY_OP);
+                DEOPT_IF(!PyUnicode_CheckExact(right_o), BINARY_OP);
             }
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
             // _BINARY_OP_INPLACE_ADD_UNICODE
             {
+                #ifndef NDEBUG
+                PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
+                #endif
+                PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
+                int next_oparg;
+                #if TIER_ONE
                 assert(next_instr->op.code == STORE_FAST);
-                PyObject **target_local = &GETLOCAL(next_instr->op.arg);
-                DEOPT_IF(*target_local != left, BINARY_OP);
+                next_oparg = next_instr->op.arg;
+                #else
+                next_oparg = CURRENT_OPERAND();
+                #endif
+                _PyStackRef *target_local = &GETLOCAL(next_oparg);
+                DEOPT_IF(!PyStackRef_Is(*target_local, left), BINARY_OP);
                 STAT_INC(BINARY_OP, hit);
                 /* Handle `left = left + right` or `left += right` for str.
                  *
@@ -258,16 +208,22 @@
                  * only the locals reference, so PyUnicode_Append knows
                  * that the string is safe to mutate.
                  */
-                assert(Py_REFCNT(left) >= 2);
-                _Py_DECREF_NO_DEALLOC(left);
-                PyUnicode_Append(target_local, right);
-                _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(right, _PyUnicode_ExactDealloc);
-                if (*target_local == NULL) goto pop_2_error;
-                // The STORE_FAST is already done.
+                assert(Py_REFCNT(left_o) >= 2);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(left);
+                PyObject *temp = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(*target_local);
+                PyUnicode_Append(&temp, right_o);
+                *target_local = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(temp);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED(right, _PyUnicode_ExactDealloc);
+                if (PyStackRef_IsNull(*target_local)) goto pop_2_error;
+                #if TIER_ONE
+                // The STORE_FAST is already done. This is done here in tier one,
+                // and during trace projection in tier two:
                 assert(next_instr->op.code == STORE_FAST);
                 SKIP_OVER(1);
+                #endif
             }
             stack_pointer += -2;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -276,27 +232,34 @@
             next_instr += 2;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(BINARY_OP_MULTIPLY_FLOAT);
             static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_BINARY_OP == 1, "incorrect cache size");
-            PyObject *right;
-            PyObject *left;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef left;
+            _PyStackRef right;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             // _GUARD_BOTH_FLOAT
-            right = stack_pointer[-1];
-            left = stack_pointer[-2];
             {
-                DEOPT_IF(!PyFloat_CheckExact(left), BINARY_OP);
-                DEOPT_IF(!PyFloat_CheckExact(right), BINARY_OP);
+                right = stack_pointer[-1];
+                left = stack_pointer[-2];
+                PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
+                PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
+                DEOPT_IF(!PyFloat_CheckExact(left_o), BINARY_OP);
+                DEOPT_IF(!PyFloat_CheckExact(right_o), BINARY_OP);
             }
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
             // _BINARY_OP_MULTIPLY_FLOAT
             {
+                PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
+                PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
                 STAT_INC(BINARY_OP, hit);
                 double dres =
-                ((PyFloatObject *)left)->ob_fval *
-                ((PyFloatObject *)right)->ob_fval;
-                DECREF_INPUTS_AND_REUSE_FLOAT(left, right, dres, res);
+                ((PyFloatObject *)left_o)->ob_fval *
+                ((PyFloatObject *)right_o)->ob_fval;
+                PyObject *res_o = _PyFloat_FromDouble_ConsumeInputs(left, right, dres);
+                if (res_o == NULL) goto pop_2_error;
+                res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
             }
             stack_pointer[-2] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -305,27 +268,33 @@
             next_instr += 2;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(BINARY_OP_MULTIPLY_INT);
             static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_BINARY_OP == 1, "incorrect cache size");
-            PyObject *right;
-            PyObject *left;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef left;
+            _PyStackRef right;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             // _GUARD_BOTH_INT
-            right = stack_pointer[-1];
-            left = stack_pointer[-2];
             {
-                DEOPT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(left), BINARY_OP);
-                DEOPT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(right), BINARY_OP);
+                right = stack_pointer[-1];
+                left = stack_pointer[-2];
+                PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
+                PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
+                DEOPT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(left_o), BINARY_OP);
+                DEOPT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(right_o), BINARY_OP);
             }
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
             // _BINARY_OP_MULTIPLY_INT
             {
+                PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
+                PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
                 STAT_INC(BINARY_OP, hit);
-                res = _PyLong_Multiply((PyLongObject *)left, (PyLongObject *)right);
-                _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(right, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
-                _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(left, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
-                if (res == NULL) goto pop_2_error;
+                PyObject *res_o = _PyLong_Multiply((PyLongObject *)left_o, (PyLongObject *)right_o);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED(right, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED(left, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
+                if (res_o == NULL) goto pop_2_error;
+                res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
             }
             stack_pointer[-2] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -334,27 +303,34 @@
             next_instr += 2;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(BINARY_OP_SUBTRACT_FLOAT);
             static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_BINARY_OP == 1, "incorrect cache size");
-            PyObject *right;
-            PyObject *left;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef left;
+            _PyStackRef right;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             // _GUARD_BOTH_FLOAT
-            right = stack_pointer[-1];
-            left = stack_pointer[-2];
             {
-                DEOPT_IF(!PyFloat_CheckExact(left), BINARY_OP);
-                DEOPT_IF(!PyFloat_CheckExact(right), BINARY_OP);
+                right = stack_pointer[-1];
+                left = stack_pointer[-2];
+                PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
+                PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
+                DEOPT_IF(!PyFloat_CheckExact(left_o), BINARY_OP);
+                DEOPT_IF(!PyFloat_CheckExact(right_o), BINARY_OP);
             }
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
             // _BINARY_OP_SUBTRACT_FLOAT
             {
+                PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
+                PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
                 STAT_INC(BINARY_OP, hit);
                 double dres =
-                ((PyFloatObject *)left)->ob_fval -
-                ((PyFloatObject *)right)->ob_fval;
-                DECREF_INPUTS_AND_REUSE_FLOAT(left, right, dres, res);
+                ((PyFloatObject *)left_o)->ob_fval -
+                ((PyFloatObject *)right_o)->ob_fval;
+                PyObject *res_o = _PyFloat_FromDouble_ConsumeInputs(left, right, dres);
+                if (res_o == NULL) goto pop_2_error;
+                res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
             }
             stack_pointer[-2] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -363,27 +339,33 @@
             next_instr += 2;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(BINARY_OP_SUBTRACT_INT);
             static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_BINARY_OP == 1, "incorrect cache size");
-            PyObject *right;
-            PyObject *left;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef left;
+            _PyStackRef right;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             // _GUARD_BOTH_INT
-            right = stack_pointer[-1];
-            left = stack_pointer[-2];
             {
-                DEOPT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(left), BINARY_OP);
-                DEOPT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(right), BINARY_OP);
+                right = stack_pointer[-1];
+                left = stack_pointer[-2];
+                PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
+                PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
+                DEOPT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(left_o), BINARY_OP);
+                DEOPT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(right_o), BINARY_OP);
             }
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
             // _BINARY_OP_SUBTRACT_INT
             {
+                PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
+                PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
                 STAT_INC(BINARY_OP, hit);
-                res = _PyLong_Subtract((PyLongObject *)left, (PyLongObject *)right);
-                _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(right, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
-                _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(left, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
-                if (res == NULL) goto pop_2_error;
+                PyObject *res_o = _PyLong_Subtract((PyLongObject *)left_o, (PyLongObject *)right_o);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED(right, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED(left, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
+                if (res_o == NULL) goto pop_2_error;
+                res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
             }
             stack_pointer[-2] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -391,27 +373,49 @@
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(BINARY_SLICE);
-            PyObject *stop;
-            PyObject *start;
-            PyObject *container;
-            PyObject *res;
-            stop = stack_pointer[-1];
-            start = stack_pointer[-2];
-            container = stack_pointer[-3];
-            PyObject *slice = _PyBuildSlice_ConsumeRefs(start, stop);
-            // Can't use ERROR_IF() here, because we haven't
-            // DECREF'ed container yet, and we still own slice.
-            if (slice == NULL) {
-                res = NULL;
+            _PyStackRef container;
+            _PyStackRef start;
+            _PyStackRef stop;
+            _PyStackRef res;
+            // _SPECIALIZE_BINARY_SLICE
+            {
+                // Placeholder until we implement BINARY_SLICE specialization
+                #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
+                OPCODE_DEFERRED_INC(BINARY_SLICE);
+                #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
             }
-            else {
-                res = PyObject_GetItem(container, slice);
-                Py_DECREF(slice);
+            // _BINARY_SLICE
+            {
+                stop = stack_pointer[-1];
+                start = stack_pointer[-2];
+                container = stack_pointer[-3];
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                PyObject *slice = _PyBuildSlice_ConsumeRefs(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(start),
+                    PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(stop));
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                PyObject *res_o;
+                // Can't use ERROR_IF() here, because we haven't
+                // DECREF'ed container yet, and we still own slice.
+                if (slice == NULL) {
+                    res_o = NULL;
+                }
+                else {
+                    stack_pointer += -2;
+                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                    res_o = PyObject_GetItem(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(container), slice);
+                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                    Py_DECREF(slice);
+                    stack_pointer += 2;
+                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                }
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(container);
+                if (res_o == NULL) goto pop_3_error;
+                res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
             }
-            Py_DECREF(container);
-            if (res == NULL) goto pop_3_error;
             stack_pointer[-3] = res;
             stack_pointer += -2;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -420,36 +424,45 @@
             next_instr += 2;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(BINARY_SUBSCR);
             PREDICTED(BINARY_SUBSCR);
-            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = next_instr - 2;
+            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = next_instr - 2;
             (void)this_instr;
-            PyObject *sub;
-            PyObject *container;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef container;
+            _PyStackRef sub;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             // _SPECIALIZE_BINARY_SUBSCR
-            sub = stack_pointer[-1];
-            container = stack_pointer[-2];
             {
+                sub = stack_pointer[-1];
+                container = stack_pointer[-2];
                 uint16_t counter = read_u16(&this_instr[1].cache);
                 (void)counter;
+                assert(frame->stackpointer == NULL);
                 #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
                 if (ADAPTIVE_COUNTER_TRIGGERS(counter)) {
                     next_instr = this_instr;
+                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                     _Py_Specialize_BinarySubscr(container, sub, next_instr);
+                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                     DISPATCH_SAME_OPARG();
                 }
-                STAT_INC(BINARY_SUBSCR, deferred);
+                OPCODE_DEFERRED_INC(BINARY_SUBSCR);
                 ADVANCE_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(this_instr[1].counter);
                 #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
             }
             // _BINARY_SUBSCR
             {
-                res = PyObject_GetItem(container, sub);
-                Py_DECREF(container);
-                Py_DECREF(sub);
-                if (res == NULL) goto pop_2_error;
+                PyObject *container_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(container);
+                PyObject *sub_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(sub);
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                PyObject *res_o = PyObject_GetItem(container_o, sub_o);
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(container);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(sub);
+                if (res_o == NULL) goto pop_2_error;
+                res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
             }
             stack_pointer[-2] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -458,58 +471,94 @@
             next_instr += 2;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(BINARY_SUBSCR_DICT);
             static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_BINARY_SUBSCR == 1, "incorrect cache size");
-            PyObject *sub;
-            PyObject *dict;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef dict_st;
+            _PyStackRef sub_st;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
-            sub = stack_pointer[-1];
-            dict = stack_pointer[-2];
+            sub_st = stack_pointer[-1];
+            dict_st = stack_pointer[-2];
+            PyObject *sub = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(sub_st);
+            PyObject *dict = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(dict_st);
             DEOPT_IF(!PyDict_CheckExact(dict), BINARY_SUBSCR);
             STAT_INC(BINARY_SUBSCR, hit);
-            int rc = PyDict_GetItemRef(dict, sub, &res);
+            PyObject *res_o;
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            int rc = PyDict_GetItemRef(dict, sub, &res_o);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
             if (rc == 0) {
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                 _PyErr_SetKeyError(sub);
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
             }
-            Py_DECREF(dict);
-            Py_DECREF(sub);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(dict_st);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(sub_st);
             if (rc <= 0) goto pop_2_error;
             // not found or error
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
             stack_pointer[-2] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
         TARGET(BINARY_SUBSCR_GETITEM) {
-            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
+            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 2;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(BINARY_SUBSCR_GETITEM);
             static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_BINARY_SUBSCR == 1, "incorrect cache size");
-            PyObject *sub;
-            PyObject *container;
+            _PyStackRef container;
+            _PyStackRef sub;
+            _PyInterpreterFrame *new_frame;
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
-            sub = stack_pointer[-1];
-            container = stack_pointer[-2];
-            DEOPT_IF(tstate->interp->eval_frame, BINARY_SUBSCR);
-            PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(container);
-            DEOPT_IF(!PyType_HasFeature(tp, Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE), BINARY_SUBSCR);
-            PyHeapTypeObject *ht = (PyHeapTypeObject *)tp;
-            PyObject *cached = ht->_spec_cache.getitem;
-            DEOPT_IF(cached == NULL, BINARY_SUBSCR);
-            assert(PyFunction_Check(cached));
-            PyFunctionObject *getitem = (PyFunctionObject *)cached;
-            uint32_t cached_version = ht->_spec_cache.getitem_version;
-            DEOPT_IF(getitem->func_version != cached_version, BINARY_SUBSCR);
-            PyCodeObject *code = (PyCodeObject *)getitem->func_code;
-            assert(code->co_argcount == 2);
-            DEOPT_IF(!_PyThreadState_HasStackSpace(tstate, code->co_framesize), BINARY_SUBSCR);
-            STAT_INC(BINARY_SUBSCR, hit);
-            Py_INCREF(getitem);
-            _PyInterpreterFrame *new_frame = _PyFrame_PushUnchecked(tstate, getitem, 2);
-            STACK_SHRINK(2);
-            new_frame->localsplus[0] = container;
-            new_frame->localsplus[1] = sub;
-            frame->return_offset = (uint16_t)(next_instr - this_instr);
-            DISPATCH_INLINED(new_frame);
+            // _CHECK_PEP_523
+            {
+                DEOPT_IF(tstate->interp->eval_frame, BINARY_SUBSCR);
+            }
+            // _BINARY_SUBSCR_CHECK_FUNC
+            {
+                container = stack_pointer[-2];
+                PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(container));
+                DEOPT_IF(!PyType_HasFeature(tp, Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE), BINARY_SUBSCR);
+                PyHeapTypeObject *ht = (PyHeapTypeObject *)tp;
+                PyObject *getitem = ht->_spec_cache.getitem;
+                DEOPT_IF(getitem == NULL, BINARY_SUBSCR);
+                assert(PyFunction_Check(getitem));
+                uint32_t cached_version = ht->_spec_cache.getitem_version;
+                DEOPT_IF(((PyFunctionObject *)getitem)->func_version != cached_version, BINARY_SUBSCR);
+                PyCodeObject *code = (PyCodeObject *)PyFunction_GET_CODE(getitem);
+                assert(code->co_argcount == 2);
+                DEOPT_IF(!_PyThreadState_HasStackSpace(tstate, code->co_framesize), BINARY_SUBSCR);
+                STAT_INC(BINARY_SUBSCR, hit);
+            }
+            // _BINARY_SUBSCR_INIT_CALL
+            {
+                sub = stack_pointer[-1];
+                PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(container));
+                PyHeapTypeObject *ht = (PyHeapTypeObject *)tp;
+                PyObject *getitem = ht->_spec_cache.getitem;
+                new_frame = _PyFrame_PushUnchecked(tstate, PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(getitem), 2, frame);
+                new_frame->localsplus[0] = container;
+                new_frame->localsplus[1] = sub;
+                frame->return_offset = (uint16_t)(1 + INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_BINARY_SUBSCR);
+            }
+            // _PUSH_FRAME
+            {
+                // Write it out explicitly because it's subtly different.
+                // Eventually this should be the only occurrence of this code.
+                assert(tstate->interp->eval_frame == NULL);
+                _PyInterpreterFrame *temp = new_frame;
+                stack_pointer += -2;
+                assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                assert(new_frame->previous == frame || new_frame->previous->previous == frame);
+                CALL_STAT_INC(inlined_py_calls);
+                frame = tstate->current_frame = temp;
+                tstate->py_recursion_remaining--;
+                LOAD_SP();
+                LOAD_IP(0);
+                LLTRACE_RESUME_FRAME();
+            }
+            DISPATCH();
         }
 
         TARGET(BINARY_SUBSCR_LIST_INT) {
@@ -517,12 +566,14 @@
             next_instr += 2;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(BINARY_SUBSCR_LIST_INT);
             static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_BINARY_SUBSCR == 1, "incorrect cache size");
-            PyObject *sub;
-            PyObject *list;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef list_st;
+            _PyStackRef sub_st;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
-            sub = stack_pointer[-1];
-            list = stack_pointer[-2];
+            sub_st = stack_pointer[-1];
+            list_st = stack_pointer[-2];
+            PyObject *sub = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(sub_st);
+            PyObject *list = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(list_st);
             DEOPT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(sub), BINARY_SUBSCR);
             DEOPT_IF(!PyList_CheckExact(list), BINARY_SUBSCR);
             // Deopt unless 0 <= sub < PyList_Size(list)
@@ -530,13 +581,15 @@
             Py_ssize_t index = ((PyLongObject*)sub)->long_value.ob_digit[0];
             DEOPT_IF(index >= PyList_GET_SIZE(list), BINARY_SUBSCR);
             STAT_INC(BINARY_SUBSCR, hit);
-            res = PyList_GET_ITEM(list, index);
-            assert(res != NULL);
-            Py_INCREF(res);
-            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(sub, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
-            Py_DECREF(list);
+            PyObject *res_o = PyList_GET_ITEM(list, index);
+            assert(res_o != NULL);
+            Py_INCREF(res_o);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED(sub_st, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(list_st);
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
             stack_pointer[-2] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -545,12 +598,14 @@
             next_instr += 2;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(BINARY_SUBSCR_STR_INT);
             static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_BINARY_SUBSCR == 1, "incorrect cache size");
-            PyObject *sub;
-            PyObject *str;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef str_st;
+            _PyStackRef sub_st;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
-            sub = stack_pointer[-1];
-            str = stack_pointer[-2];
+            sub_st = stack_pointer[-1];
+            str_st = stack_pointer[-2];
+            PyObject *sub = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(sub_st);
+            PyObject *str = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(str_st);
             DEOPT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(sub), BINARY_SUBSCR);
             DEOPT_IF(!PyUnicode_CheckExact(str), BINARY_SUBSCR);
             DEOPT_IF(!_PyLong_IsNonNegativeCompact((PyLongObject *)sub), BINARY_SUBSCR);
@@ -560,11 +615,13 @@
             Py_UCS4 c = PyUnicode_READ_CHAR(str, index);
             DEOPT_IF(Py_ARRAY_LENGTH(_Py_SINGLETON(strings).ascii) <= c, BINARY_SUBSCR);
             STAT_INC(BINARY_SUBSCR, hit);
-            res = (PyObject*)&_Py_SINGLETON(strings).ascii[c];
-            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(sub, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
-            Py_DECREF(str);
+            PyObject *res_o = (PyObject*)&_Py_SINGLETON(strings).ascii[c];
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED(sub_st, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(str_st);
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
             stack_pointer[-2] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -573,12 +630,14 @@
             next_instr += 2;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(BINARY_SUBSCR_TUPLE_INT);
             static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_BINARY_SUBSCR == 1, "incorrect cache size");
-            PyObject *sub;
-            PyObject *tuple;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef tuple_st;
+            _PyStackRef sub_st;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
-            sub = stack_pointer[-1];
-            tuple = stack_pointer[-2];
+            sub_st = stack_pointer[-1];
+            tuple_st = stack_pointer[-2];
+            PyObject *sub = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(sub_st);
+            PyObject *tuple = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(tuple_st);
             DEOPT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(sub), BINARY_SUBSCR);
             DEOPT_IF(!PyTuple_CheckExact(tuple), BINARY_SUBSCR);
             // Deopt unless 0 <= sub < PyTuple_Size(list)
@@ -586,37 +645,15 @@
             Py_ssize_t index = ((PyLongObject*)sub)->long_value.ob_digit[0];
             DEOPT_IF(index >= PyTuple_GET_SIZE(tuple), BINARY_SUBSCR);
             STAT_INC(BINARY_SUBSCR, hit);
-            res = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(tuple, index);
-            assert(res != NULL);
-            Py_INCREF(res);
-            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(sub, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
-            Py_DECREF(tuple);
+            PyObject *res_o = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(tuple, index);
+            assert(res_o != NULL);
+            Py_INCREF(res_o);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED(sub_st, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(tuple_st);
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
             stack_pointer[-2] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1;
-            DISPATCH();
-        }
-
-        TARGET(BUILD_CONST_KEY_MAP) {
-            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
-            next_instr += 1;
-            INSTRUCTION_STATS(BUILD_CONST_KEY_MAP);
-            PyObject *keys;
-            PyObject **values;
-            PyObject *map;
-            keys = stack_pointer[-1];
-            values = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
-            assert(PyTuple_CheckExact(keys));
-            assert(PyTuple_GET_SIZE(keys) == (Py_ssize_t)oparg);
-            map = _PyDict_FromItems(
-                                    &PyTuple_GET_ITEM(keys, 0), 1,
-                                    values, 1, oparg);
-            for (int _i = oparg; --_i >= 0;) {
-                Py_DECREF(values[_i]);
-            }
-            Py_DECREF(keys);
-            if (map == NULL) { stack_pointer += -1 - oparg; goto error; }
-            stack_pointer[-1 - oparg] = map;
-            stack_pointer += -oparg;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -624,13 +661,19 @@
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(BUILD_LIST);
-            PyObject **values;
-            PyObject *list;
+            _PyStackRef *values;
+            _PyStackRef list;
             values = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
-            list = _PyList_FromArraySteal(values, oparg);
-            if (list == NULL) { stack_pointer += -oparg; goto error; }
+            PyObject *list_o = _PyList_FromStackRefSteal(values, oparg);
+            if (list_o == NULL) {
+                stack_pointer += -oparg;
+                assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                goto error;
+            }
+            list = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(list_o);
             stack_pointer[-oparg] = list;
             stack_pointer += 1 - oparg;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -638,19 +681,39 @@
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(BUILD_MAP);
-            PyObject **values;
-            PyObject *map;
+            _PyStackRef *values;
+            _PyStackRef map;
             values = &stack_pointer[-oparg*2];
-            map = _PyDict_FromItems(
-                                    values, 2,
-                                    values+1, 2,
-                                    oparg);
+            STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS(values, oparg*2, values_o);
+            if (CONVERSION_FAILED(values_o)) {
+                for (int _i = oparg*2; --_i >= 0;) {
+                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(values[_i]);
+                }
+                {
+                    stack_pointer += -oparg*2;
+                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                    goto error;
+                }
+            }
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            PyObject *map_o = _PyDict_FromItems(
+                values_o, 2,
+                values_o+1, 2,
+                oparg);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS_CLEANUP(values_o);
             for (int _i = oparg*2; --_i >= 0;) {
-                Py_DECREF(values[_i]);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(values[_i]);
+            }
+            if (map_o == NULL) {
+                stack_pointer += -oparg*2;
+                assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                goto error;
             }
-            if (map == NULL) { stack_pointer += -oparg*2; goto error; }
+            map = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(map_o);
             stack_pointer[-oparg*2] = map;
             stack_pointer += 1 - oparg*2;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -658,25 +721,43 @@
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(BUILD_SET);
-            PyObject **values;
-            PyObject *set;
+            _PyStackRef *values;
+            _PyStackRef set;
             values = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
-            set = PySet_New(NULL);
-            if (set == NULL)
-            goto error;
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            PyObject *set_o = PySet_New(NULL);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            if (set_o == NULL) {
+                for (int _i = oparg; --_i >= 0;) {
+                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(values[_i]);
+                }
+                {
+                    stack_pointer += -oparg;
+                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                    goto error;
+                }
+            }
             int err = 0;
             for (int i = 0; i < oparg; i++) {
-                PyObject *item = values[i];
-                if (err == 0)
-                err = PySet_Add(set, item);
-                Py_DECREF(item);
+                if (err == 0) {
+                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                    err = PySet_Add(set_o, PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(values[i]));
+                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                }
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(values[i]);
             }
             if (err != 0) {
-                Py_DECREF(set);
-                if (true) { stack_pointer += -oparg; goto error; }
+                Py_DECREF(set_o);
+                {
+                    stack_pointer += -oparg;
+                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                    goto error;
+                }
             }
+            set = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(set_o);
             stack_pointer[-oparg] = set;
             stack_pointer += 1 - oparg;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -684,20 +765,29 @@
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(BUILD_SLICE);
-            PyObject *step = NULL;
-            PyObject *stop;
-            PyObject *start;
-            PyObject *slice;
+            _PyStackRef start;
+            _PyStackRef stop;
+            _PyStackRef step = PyStackRef_NULL;
+            _PyStackRef slice;
             if (oparg == 3) { step = stack_pointer[-((oparg == 3) ? 1 : 0)]; }
             stop = stack_pointer[-1 - ((oparg == 3) ? 1 : 0)];
             start = stack_pointer[-2 - ((oparg == 3) ? 1 : 0)];
-            slice = PySlice_New(start, stop, step);
-            Py_DECREF(start);
-            Py_DECREF(stop);
-            Py_XDECREF(step);
-            if (slice == NULL) { stack_pointer += -2 - ((oparg == 3) ? 1 : 0); goto error; }
+            PyObject *start_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(start);
+            PyObject *stop_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(stop);
+            PyObject *step_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(step);
+            PyObject *slice_o = PySlice_New(start_o, stop_o, step_o);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(start);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(stop);
+            PyStackRef_XCLOSE(step);
+            if (slice_o == NULL) {
+                stack_pointer += -2 - ((oparg == 3) ? 1 : 0);
+                assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                goto error;
+            }
+            slice = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(slice_o);
             stack_pointer[-2 - ((oparg == 3) ? 1 : 0)] = slice;
             stack_pointer += -1 - ((oparg == 3) ? 1 : 0);
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -705,16 +795,34 @@
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(BUILD_STRING);
-            PyObject **pieces;
-            PyObject *str;
+            _PyStackRef *pieces;
+            _PyStackRef str;
             pieces = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
-            str = _PyUnicode_JoinArray(&_Py_STR(empty), pieces, oparg);
+            STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS(pieces, oparg, pieces_o);
+            if (CONVERSION_FAILED(pieces_o)) {
+                for (int _i = oparg; --_i >= 0;) {
+                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(pieces[_i]);
+                }
+                {
+                    stack_pointer += -oparg;
+                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                    goto error;
+                }
+            }
+            PyObject *str_o = _PyUnicode_JoinArray(&_Py_STR(empty), pieces_o, oparg);
+            STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS_CLEANUP(pieces_o);
             for (int _i = oparg; --_i >= 0;) {
-                Py_DECREF(pieces[_i]);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(pieces[_i]);
+            }
+            if (str_o == NULL) {
+                stack_pointer += -oparg;
+                assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                goto error;
             }
-            if (str == NULL) { stack_pointer += -oparg; goto error; }
+            str = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(str_o);
             stack_pointer[-oparg] = str;
             stack_pointer += 1 - oparg;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -722,13 +830,19 @@
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(BUILD_TUPLE);
-            PyObject **values;
-            PyObject *tup;
+            _PyStackRef *values;
+            _PyStackRef tup;
             values = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
-            tup = _PyTuple_FromArraySteal(values, oparg);
-            if (tup == NULL) { stack_pointer += -oparg; goto error; }
+            PyObject *tup_o = _PyTuple_FromStackRefSteal(values, oparg);
+            if (tup_o == NULL) {
+                stack_pointer += -oparg;
+                assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                goto error;
+            }
+            tup = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(tup_o);
             stack_pointer[-oparg] = tup;
             stack_pointer += 1 - oparg;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -746,61 +860,76 @@
             next_instr += 4;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(CALL);
             PREDICTED(CALL);
-            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = next_instr - 4;
+            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = next_instr - 4;
             (void)this_instr;
-            PyObject **args;
-            PyObject *self_or_null;
-            PyObject *callable;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef *callable;
+            _PyStackRef *self_or_null;
+            _PyStackRef *args;
+            _PyStackRef *func;
+            _PyStackRef *maybe_self;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             // _SPECIALIZE_CALL
-            args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
-            self_or_null = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
-            callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
             {
+                self_or_null = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
+                callable = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
                 uint16_t counter = read_u16(&this_instr[1].cache);
                 (void)counter;
                 #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
                 if (ADAPTIVE_COUNTER_TRIGGERS(counter)) {
                     next_instr = this_instr;
-                    _Py_Specialize_Call(callable, next_instr, oparg + (self_or_null != NULL));
+                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                    _Py_Specialize_Call(callable[0], next_instr, oparg + !PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0]));
+                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                     DISPATCH_SAME_OPARG();
                 }
-                STAT_INC(CALL, deferred);
+                OPCODE_DEFERRED_INC(CALL);
                 ADVANCE_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(this_instr[1].counter);
                 #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
             }
             /* Skip 2 cache entries */
-            // _CALL
+            // _MAYBE_EXPAND_METHOD
+            {
+                args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
+                func = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+                maybe_self = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
+                if (PyStackRef_TYPE(callable[0]) == &PyMethod_Type && PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])) {
+                    PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
+                    PyObject *self = ((PyMethodObject *)callable_o)->im_self;
+                    maybe_self[0] = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(self);
+                    PyObject *method = ((PyMethodObject *)callable_o)->im_func;
+                    _PyStackRef temp = callable[0];
+                    func[0] = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(method);
+                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(temp);
+                }
+            }
+            // _DO_CALL
             {
+                args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
+                self_or_null = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
+                callable = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+                PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
                 // oparg counts all of the args, but *not* self:
                 int total_args = oparg;
-                if (self_or_null != NULL) {
-                    args--;
-                    total_args++;
-                }
-                else if (Py_TYPE(callable) == &PyMethod_Type) {
+                if (!PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])) {
                     args--;
                     total_args++;
-                    PyObject *self = ((PyMethodObject *)callable)->im_self;
-                    args[0] = Py_NewRef(self);
-                    PyObject *method = ((PyMethodObject *)callable)->im_func;
-                    args[-1] = Py_NewRef(method);
-                    Py_DECREF(callable);
-                    callable = method;
                 }
                 // Check if the call can be inlined or not
-                if (Py_TYPE(callable) == &PyFunction_Type &&
+                if (Py_TYPE(callable_o) == &PyFunction_Type &&
                     tstate->interp->eval_frame == NULL &&
-                    ((PyFunctionObject *)callable)->vectorcall == _PyFunction_Vectorcall)
+                    ((PyFunctionObject *)callable_o)->vectorcall == _PyFunction_Vectorcall)
                 {
-                    int code_flags = ((PyCodeObject*)PyFunction_GET_CODE(callable))->co_flags;
-                    PyObject *locals = code_flags & CO_OPTIMIZED ? NULL : Py_NewRef(PyFunction_GET_GLOBALS(callable));
+                    int code_flags = ((PyCodeObject*)PyFunction_GET_CODE(callable_o))->co_flags;
+                    PyObject *locals = code_flags & CO_OPTIMIZED ? NULL : Py_NewRef(PyFunction_GET_GLOBALS(callable_o));
+                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                     _PyInterpreterFrame *new_frame = _PyEvalFramePushAndInit(
-                        tstate, (PyFunctionObject *)callable, locals,
-                        args, total_args, NULL
+                        tstate, callable[0], locals,
+                        args, total_args, NULL, frame
                     );
+                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                     // Manipulate stack directly since we leave using DISPATCH_INLINED().
-                    STACK_SHRINK(oparg + 2);
+                    stack_pointer += -2 - oparg;
+                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                     // The frame has stolen all the arguments from the stack,
                     // so there is no need to clean them up.
                     if (new_frame == NULL) {
@@ -810,117 +939,186 @@
                     DISPATCH_INLINED(new_frame);
                 }
                 /* Callable is not a normal Python function */
-                res = PyObject_Vectorcall(
-                                      callable, args,
-                                      total_args | PY_VECTORCALL_ARGUMENTS_OFFSET,
-                                      NULL);
+                STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS(args, total_args, args_o);
+                if (CONVERSION_FAILED(args_o)) {
+                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
+                    for (int i = 0; i < total_args; i++) {
+                        PyStackRef_CLOSE(args[i]);
+                    }
+                    {
+                        stack_pointer += -2 - oparg;
+                        assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                        goto error;
+                    }
+                }
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                PyObject *res_o = PyObject_Vectorcall(
+                    callable_o, args_o,
+                    total_args | PY_VECTORCALL_ARGUMENTS_OFFSET,
+                    NULL);
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS_CLEANUP(args_o);
                 if (opcode == INSTRUMENTED_CALL) {
                     PyObject *arg = total_args == 0 ?
-                    &_PyInstrumentation_MISSING : args[0];
-                    if (res == NULL) {
+                    &_PyInstrumentation_MISSING : PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(args[0]);
+                    if (res_o == NULL) {
+                        _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                         _Py_call_instrumentation_exc2(
                             tstate, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_C_RAISE,
-                            frame, this_instr, callable, arg);
+                            frame, this_instr, callable_o, arg);
+                        stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                     }
                     else {
+                        _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                         int err = _Py_call_instrumentation_2args(
                             tstate, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_C_RETURN,
-                            frame, this_instr, callable, arg);
+                            frame, this_instr, callable_o, arg);
+                        stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                         if (err < 0) {
-                            Py_CLEAR(res);
+                            Py_CLEAR(res_o);
                         }
                     }
                 }
-                assert((res != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
-                Py_DECREF(callable);
+                assert((res_o != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
                 for (int i = 0; i < total_args; i++) {
-                    Py_DECREF(args[i]);
+                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(args[i]);
+                }
+                if (res_o == NULL) {
+                    stack_pointer += -2 - oparg;
+                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                    goto error;
                 }
-                if (res == NULL) { stack_pointer += -2 - oparg; goto error; }
+                res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
             }
             // _CHECK_PERIODIC
             {
+                _Py_CHECK_EMSCRIPTEN_SIGNALS_PERIODICALLY();
+                QSBR_QUIESCENT_STATE(tstate);
+                if (_Py_atomic_load_uintptr_relaxed(&tstate->eval_breaker) & _PY_EVAL_EVENTS_MASK) {
+                    stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
+                    stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
+                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                    int err = _Py_HandlePending(tstate);
+                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                    if (err != 0) goto error;
+                    stack_pointer += 1 + oparg;
+                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                }
             }
             stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
-            CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
         TARGET(CALL_ALLOC_AND_ENTER_INIT) {
-            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
+            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 4;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(CALL_ALLOC_AND_ENTER_INIT);
             static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL == 3, "incorrect cache size");
-            PyObject **args;
-            PyObject *null;
-            PyObject *callable;
+            _PyStackRef *callable;
+            _PyStackRef *null;
+            _PyStackRef *args;
+            _PyStackRef *init;
+            _PyStackRef *self;
+            _PyInterpreterFrame *init_frame;
+            _PyInterpreterFrame *new_frame;
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
-            /* Skip 2 cache entries */
-            args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
-            null = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
-            callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
-            /* This instruction does the following:
-             * 1. Creates the object (by calling ``object.__new__``)
-             * 2. Pushes a shim frame to the frame stack (to cleanup after ``__init__``)
-             * 3. Pushes the frame for ``__init__`` to the frame stack
-             * */
-            _PyCallCache *cache = (_PyCallCache *)&this_instr[1];
-            DEOPT_IF(null != NULL, CALL);
-            DEOPT_IF(!PyType_Check(callable), CALL);
-            PyTypeObject *tp = (PyTypeObject *)callable;
-            DEOPT_IF(tp->tp_version_tag != read_u32(cache->func_version), CALL);
-            assert(tp->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_INLINE_VALUES);
-            PyHeapTypeObject *cls = (PyHeapTypeObject *)callable;
-            PyFunctionObject *init = (PyFunctionObject *)cls->_spec_cache.init;
-            PyCodeObject *code = (PyCodeObject *)init->func_code;
-            DEOPT_IF(code->co_argcount != oparg+1, CALL);
-            DEOPT_IF(!_PyThreadState_HasStackSpace(tstate, code->co_framesize + _Py_InitCleanup.co_framesize), CALL);
-            STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
-            PyObject *self = _PyType_NewManagedObject(tp);
-            if (self == NULL) {
-                goto error;
+            // _CHECK_PEP_523
+            {
+                DEOPT_IF(tstate->interp->eval_frame, CALL);
             }
-            Py_DECREF(tp);
-            _PyInterpreterFrame *shim = _PyFrame_PushTrampolineUnchecked(
-                tstate, (PyCodeObject *)&_Py_InitCleanup, 1);
-            assert(_PyCode_CODE((PyCodeObject *)shim->f_executable)[0].op.code == EXIT_INIT_CHECK);
-            /* Push self onto stack of shim */
-            Py_INCREF(self);
-            shim->localsplus[0] = self;
-            Py_INCREF(init);
-            _PyInterpreterFrame *init_frame = _PyFrame_PushUnchecked(tstate, init, oparg+1);
-            /* Copy self followed by args to __init__ frame */
-            init_frame->localsplus[0] = self;
-            for (int i = 0; i < oparg; i++) {
-                init_frame->localsplus[i+1] = args[i];
+            // _CHECK_AND_ALLOCATE_OBJECT
+            {
+                args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
+                null = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
+                callable = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+                init = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+                self = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
+                uint32_t type_version = read_u32(&this_instr[2].cache);
+                PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
+                DEOPT_IF(!PyStackRef_IsNull(null[0]), CALL);
+                DEOPT_IF(!PyType_Check(callable_o), CALL);
+                PyTypeObject *tp = (PyTypeObject *)callable_o;
+                DEOPT_IF(tp->tp_version_tag != type_version, CALL);
+                assert(tp->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_INLINE_VALUES);
+                PyHeapTypeObject *cls = (PyHeapTypeObject *)callable_o;
+                PyFunctionObject *init_func = (PyFunctionObject *)cls->_spec_cache.init;
+                PyCodeObject *code = (PyCodeObject *)init_func->func_code;
+                DEOPT_IF(!_PyThreadState_HasStackSpace(tstate, code->co_framesize + _Py_InitCleanup.co_framesize), CALL);
+                STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
+                PyObject *self_o = _PyType_NewManagedObject(tp);
+                if (self_o == NULL) {
+                    goto error;
+                }
+                self[0] = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(self_o);
+                _PyStackRef temp = callable[0];
+                init[0] = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(init_func);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(temp);
             }
-            frame->return_offset = (uint16_t)(next_instr - this_instr);
-            STACK_SHRINK(oparg+2);
-            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
-            /* Link frames */
-            init_frame->previous = shim;
-            shim->previous = frame;
-            frame = tstate->current_frame = init_frame;
-            CALL_STAT_INC(inlined_py_calls);
-            /* Account for pushing the extra frame.
-             * We don't check recursion depth here,
-             * as it will be checked after start_frame */
-            tstate->py_recursion_remaining--;
-            goto start_frame;
+            // _CREATE_INIT_FRAME
+            {
+                args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
+                self = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
+                init = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                _PyInterpreterFrame *shim = _PyFrame_PushTrampolineUnchecked(
+                    tstate, (PyCodeObject *)&_Py_InitCleanup, 1, frame);
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                assert(_PyCode_CODE(_PyFrame_GetCode(shim))[0].op.code == EXIT_INIT_CHECK);
+                /* Push self onto stack of shim */
+                shim->localsplus[0] = PyStackRef_DUP(self[0]);
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                init_frame = _PyEvalFramePushAndInit(
+                    tstate, init[0], NULL, args-1, oparg+1, NULL, shim);
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                stack_pointer[-2 - oparg].bits = (uintptr_t)init_frame;
+                stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
+                assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                if (init_frame == NULL) {
+                    _PyEval_FrameClearAndPop(tstate, shim);
+                    goto error;
+                }
+                frame->return_offset = 1 + INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL;
+                /* Account for pushing the extra frame.
+                 * We don't check recursion depth here,
+                 * as it will be checked after start_frame */
+                tstate->py_recursion_remaining--;
+            }
+            // _PUSH_FRAME
+            {
+                new_frame = init_frame;
+                // Write it out explicitly because it's subtly different.
+                // Eventually this should be the only occurrence of this code.
+                assert(tstate->interp->eval_frame == NULL);
+                _PyInterpreterFrame *temp = new_frame;
+                stack_pointer += -1;
+                assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                assert(new_frame->previous == frame || new_frame->previous->previous == frame);
+                CALL_STAT_INC(inlined_py_calls);
+                frame = tstate->current_frame = temp;
+                tstate->py_recursion_remaining--;
+                LOAD_SP();
+                LOAD_IP(0);
+                LLTRACE_RESUME_FRAME();
+            }
+            DISPATCH();
         }
 
         TARGET(CALL_BOUND_METHOD_EXACT_ARGS) {
-            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
+            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 4;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(CALL_BOUND_METHOD_EXACT_ARGS);
             static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL == 3, "incorrect cache size");
-            PyObject *null;
-            PyObject *callable;
-            PyObject *func;
-            PyObject *self;
-            PyObject *self_or_null;
-            PyObject **args;
+            _PyStackRef *callable;
+            _PyStackRef *null;
+            _PyStackRef *func;
+            _PyStackRef *self;
+            _PyStackRef *self_or_null;
+            _PyStackRef *args;
             _PyInterpreterFrame *new_frame;
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
             // _CHECK_PEP_523
@@ -928,54 +1126,58 @@
                 DEOPT_IF(tstate->interp->eval_frame, CALL);
             }
             // _CHECK_CALL_BOUND_METHOD_EXACT_ARGS
-            null = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
-            callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
             {
-                DEOPT_IF(null != NULL, CALL);
-                DEOPT_IF(Py_TYPE(callable) != &PyMethod_Type, CALL);
+                null = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
+                callable = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+                DEOPT_IF(!PyStackRef_IsNull(null[0]), CALL);
+                DEOPT_IF(Py_TYPE(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0])) != &PyMethod_Type, CALL);
             }
             // _INIT_CALL_BOUND_METHOD_EXACT_ARGS
             {
+                func = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+                self = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
+                PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
                 STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
-                self = Py_NewRef(((PyMethodObject *)callable)->im_self);
-                stack_pointer[-1 - oparg] = self;  // Patch stack as it is used by _INIT_CALL_PY_EXACT_ARGS
-                func = Py_NewRef(((PyMethodObject *)callable)->im_func);
-                stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = func;  // This is used by CALL, upon deoptimization
-                Py_DECREF(callable);
+                self[0] = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(((PyMethodObject *)callable_o)->im_self);
+                _PyStackRef temp = callable[0];
+                func[0] = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(((PyMethodObject *)callable_o)->im_func);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(temp);
             }
+            // flush
             // _CHECK_FUNCTION_VERSION
-            callable = func;
             {
+                callable = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
                 uint32_t func_version = read_u32(&this_instr[2].cache);
-                DEOPT_IF(!PyFunction_Check(callable), CALL);
-                PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)callable;
+                PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
+                DEOPT_IF(!PyFunction_Check(callable_o), CALL);
+                PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)callable_o;
                 DEOPT_IF(func->func_version != func_version, CALL);
             }
             // _CHECK_FUNCTION_EXACT_ARGS
-            self_or_null = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
             {
-                assert(PyFunction_Check(callable));
-                PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)callable;
+                self_or_null = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
+                PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
+                assert(PyFunction_Check(callable_o));
+                PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)callable_o;
                 PyCodeObject *code = (PyCodeObject *)func->func_code;
-                DEOPT_IF(code->co_argcount != oparg + (self_or_null != NULL), CALL);
+                DEOPT_IF(code->co_argcount != oparg + (!PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])), CALL);
             }
             // _CHECK_STACK_SPACE
             {
-                PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)callable;
+                PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
+                PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)callable_o;
                 PyCodeObject *code = (PyCodeObject *)func->func_code;
                 DEOPT_IF(!_PyThreadState_HasStackSpace(tstate, code->co_framesize), CALL);
                 DEOPT_IF(tstate->py_recursion_remaining <= 1, CALL);
             }
             // _INIT_CALL_PY_EXACT_ARGS
-            args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
-            self_or_null = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
             {
-                int has_self = (self_or_null != NULL);
+                args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
+                int has_self = !PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0]);
                 STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
-                PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)callable;
-                new_frame = _PyFrame_PushUnchecked(tstate, func, oparg + has_self);
-                PyObject **first_non_self_local = new_frame->localsplus + has_self;
-                new_frame->localsplus[0] = self_or_null;
+                new_frame = _PyFrame_PushUnchecked(tstate, callable[0], oparg + has_self, frame);
+                _PyStackRef *first_non_self_local = new_frame->localsplus + has_self;
+                new_frame->localsplus[0] = self_or_null[0];
                 for (int i = 0; i < oparg; i++) {
                     first_non_self_local[i] = args[i];
                 }
@@ -994,11 +1196,13 @@
                 // Write it out explicitly because it's subtly different.
                 // Eventually this should be the only occurrence of this code.
                 assert(tstate->interp->eval_frame == NULL);
+                _PyInterpreterFrame *temp = new_frame;
                 stack_pointer += -2 - oparg;
+                assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                 _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
-                new_frame->previous = frame;
+                assert(new_frame->previous == frame || new_frame->previous->previous == frame);
                 CALL_STAT_INC(inlined_py_calls);
-                frame = tstate->current_frame = new_frame;
+                frame = tstate->current_frame = temp;
                 tstate->py_recursion_remaining--;
                 LOAD_SP();
                 LOAD_IP(0);
@@ -1008,16 +1212,16 @@
         }
 
         TARGET(CALL_BOUND_METHOD_GENERAL) {
-            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
+            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 4;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(CALL_BOUND_METHOD_GENERAL);
             static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL == 3, "incorrect cache size");
-            PyObject *null;
-            PyObject *callable;
-            PyObject *method;
-            PyObject *self;
-            PyObject **args;
-            PyObject *self_or_null;
+            _PyStackRef *callable;
+            _PyStackRef *null;
+            _PyStackRef *method;
+            _PyStackRef *self;
+            _PyStackRef *self_or_null;
+            _PyStackRef *args;
             _PyInterpreterFrame *new_frame;
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
             // _CHECK_PEP_523
@@ -1025,52 +1229,59 @@
                 DEOPT_IF(tstate->interp->eval_frame, CALL);
             }
             // _CHECK_METHOD_VERSION
-            null = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
-            callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
             {
+                null = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
+                callable = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
                 uint32_t func_version = read_u32(&this_instr[2].cache);
-                DEOPT_IF(Py_TYPE(callable) != &PyMethod_Type, CALL);
-                PyObject *func = ((PyMethodObject *)callable)->im_func;
+                PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
+                DEOPT_IF(Py_TYPE(callable_o) != &PyMethod_Type, CALL);
+                PyObject *func = ((PyMethodObject *)callable_o)->im_func;
                 DEOPT_IF(!PyFunction_Check(func), CALL);
                 DEOPT_IF(((PyFunctionObject *)func)->func_version != func_version, CALL);
-                DEOPT_IF(null != NULL, CALL);
+                DEOPT_IF(!PyStackRef_IsNull(null[0]), CALL);
             }
             // _EXPAND_METHOD
             {
-                assert(null == NULL);
-                assert(Py_TYPE(callable) == &PyMethod_Type);
-                self = ((PyMethodObject *)callable)->im_self;
-                Py_INCREF(self);
-                stack_pointer[-1 - oparg] = self;  // Patch stack as it is used by _PY_FRAME_GENERAL
-                method = ((PyMethodObject *)callable)->im_func;
-                assert(PyFunction_Check(method));
-                Py_INCREF(method);
-                Py_DECREF(callable);
-            }
+                method = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+                self = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
+                PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
+                assert(PyStackRef_IsNull(null[0]));
+                assert(Py_TYPE(callable_o) == &PyMethod_Type);
+                self[0] = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(((PyMethodObject *)callable_o)->im_self);
+                _PyStackRef temp = callable[0];
+                method[0] = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(((PyMethodObject *)callable_o)->im_func);
+                assert(PyStackRef_FunctionCheck(method[0]));
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(temp);
+            }
+            // flush
             // _PY_FRAME_GENERAL
-            args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
-            self_or_null = self;
-            callable = method;
             {
+                args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
+                self_or_null = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
+                callable = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+                PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
                 // oparg counts all of the args, but *not* self:
                 int total_args = oparg;
-                if (self_or_null != NULL) {
+                if (!PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])) {
                     args--;
                     total_args++;
                 }
-                assert(Py_TYPE(callable) == &PyFunction_Type);
-                int code_flags = ((PyCodeObject*)PyFunction_GET_CODE(callable))->co_flags;
-                PyObject *locals = code_flags & CO_OPTIMIZED ? NULL : Py_NewRef(PyFunction_GET_GLOBALS(callable));
-                new_frame = _PyEvalFramePushAndInit(
-                    tstate, (PyFunctionObject *)callable, locals,
-                    args, total_args, NULL
+                assert(Py_TYPE(callable_o) == &PyFunction_Type);
+                int code_flags = ((PyCodeObject*)PyFunction_GET_CODE(callable_o))->co_flags;
+                PyObject *locals = code_flags & CO_OPTIMIZED ? NULL : Py_NewRef(PyFunction_GET_GLOBALS(callable_o));
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                _PyInterpreterFrame *temp = _PyEvalFramePushAndInit(
+                    tstate, callable[0], locals,
+                    args, total_args, NULL, frame
                 );
-                // The frame has stolen all the arguments from the stack,
-                // so there is no need to clean them up.
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                // The frame has stolen all the arguments from the stack.
                 stack_pointer += -2 - oparg;
-                if (new_frame == NULL) {
+                assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                if (temp == NULL) {
                     goto error;
                 }
+                new_frame = temp;
             }
             // _SAVE_RETURN_OFFSET
             {
@@ -1086,10 +1297,11 @@
                 // Write it out explicitly because it's subtly different.
                 // Eventually this should be the only occurrence of this code.
                 assert(tstate->interp->eval_frame == NULL);
+                _PyInterpreterFrame *temp = new_frame;
                 _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
-                new_frame->previous = frame;
+                assert(new_frame->previous == frame || new_frame->previous->previous == frame);
                 CALL_STAT_INC(inlined_py_calls);
-                frame = tstate->current_frame = new_frame;
+                frame = tstate->current_frame = temp;
                 tstate->py_recursion_remaining--;
                 LOAD_SP();
                 LOAD_IP(0);
@@ -1103,40 +1315,75 @@
             next_instr += 4;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(CALL_BUILTIN_CLASS);
             static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL == 3, "incorrect cache size");
-            PyObject **args;
-            PyObject *self_or_null;
-            PyObject *callable;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef *callable;
+            _PyStackRef *self_or_null;
+            _PyStackRef *args;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
             /* Skip 2 cache entries */
             // _CALL_BUILTIN_CLASS
-            args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
-            self_or_null = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
-            callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
             {
+                args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
+                self_or_null = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
+                callable = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+                PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
                 int total_args = oparg;
-                if (self_or_null != NULL) {
+                if (!PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])) {
                     args--;
                     total_args++;
                 }
-                DEOPT_IF(!PyType_Check(callable), CALL);
-                PyTypeObject *tp = (PyTypeObject *)callable;
+                DEOPT_IF(!PyType_Check(callable_o), CALL);
+                PyTypeObject *tp = (PyTypeObject *)callable_o;
                 DEOPT_IF(tp->tp_vectorcall == NULL, CALL);
                 STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
-                res = tp->tp_vectorcall((PyObject *)tp, args, total_args, NULL);
+                STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS(args, total_args, args_o);
+                if (CONVERSION_FAILED(args_o)) {
+                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
+                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(self_or_null[0]);
+                    for (int _i = oparg; --_i >= 0;) {
+                        PyStackRef_CLOSE(args[_i]);
+                    }
+                    {
+                        stack_pointer += -2 - oparg;
+                        assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                        goto error;
+                    }
+                }
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                PyObject *res_o = tp->tp_vectorcall((PyObject *)tp, args_o, total_args, NULL);
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS_CLEANUP(args_o);
                 /* Free the arguments. */
                 for (int i = 0; i < total_args; i++) {
-                    Py_DECREF(args[i]);
+                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(args[i]);
                 }
-                Py_DECREF(tp);
-                if (res == NULL) { stack_pointer += -2 - oparg; goto error; }
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
+                if (res_o == NULL) {
+                    stack_pointer += -2 - oparg;
+                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                    goto error;
+                }
+                res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
             }
             // _CHECK_PERIODIC
             {
+                _Py_CHECK_EMSCRIPTEN_SIGNALS_PERIODICALLY();
+                QSBR_QUIESCENT_STATE(tstate);
+                if (_Py_atomic_load_uintptr_relaxed(&tstate->eval_breaker) & _PY_EVAL_EVENTS_MASK) {
+                    stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
+                    stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
+                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                    int err = _Py_HandlePending(tstate);
+                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                    if (err != 0) goto error;
+                    stack_pointer += 1 + oparg;
+                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                }
             }
             stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
-            CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -1145,46 +1392,81 @@
             next_instr += 4;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(CALL_BUILTIN_FAST);
             static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL == 3, "incorrect cache size");
-            PyObject **args;
-            PyObject *self_or_null;
-            PyObject *callable;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef *callable;
+            _PyStackRef *self_or_null;
+            _PyStackRef *args;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
             /* Skip 2 cache entries */
             // _CALL_BUILTIN_FAST
-            args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
-            self_or_null = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
-            callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
             {
+                args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
+                self_or_null = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
+                callable = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
                 /* Builtin METH_FASTCALL functions, without keywords */
+                PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
                 int total_args = oparg;
-                if (self_or_null != NULL) {
+                if (!PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])) {
                     args--;
                     total_args++;
                 }
-                DEOPT_IF(!PyCFunction_CheckExact(callable), CALL);
-                DEOPT_IF(PyCFunction_GET_FLAGS(callable) != METH_FASTCALL, CALL);
+                DEOPT_IF(!PyCFunction_CheckExact(callable_o), CALL);
+                DEOPT_IF(PyCFunction_GET_FLAGS(callable_o) != METH_FASTCALL, CALL);
                 STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
-                PyCFunction cfunc = PyCFunction_GET_FUNCTION(callable);
+                PyCFunction cfunc = PyCFunction_GET_FUNCTION(callable_o);
                 /* res = func(self, args, nargs) */
-                res = ((PyCFunctionFast)(void(*)(void))cfunc)(
-                    PyCFunction_GET_SELF(callable),
-                    args,
+                STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS(args, total_args, args_o);
+                if (CONVERSION_FAILED(args_o)) {
+                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
+                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(self_or_null[0]);
+                    for (int _i = oparg; --_i >= 0;) {
+                        PyStackRef_CLOSE(args[_i]);
+                    }
+                    {
+                        stack_pointer += -2 - oparg;
+                        assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                        goto error;
+                    }
+                }
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                PyObject *res_o = ((PyCFunctionFast)(void(*)(void))cfunc)(
+                    PyCFunction_GET_SELF(callable_o),
+                    args_o,
                     total_args);
-                assert((res != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS_CLEANUP(args_o);
+                assert((res_o != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
                 /* Free the arguments. */
                 for (int i = 0; i < total_args; i++) {
-                    Py_DECREF(args[i]);
+                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(args[i]);
+                }
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
+                if (res_o == NULL) {
+                    stack_pointer += -2 - oparg;
+                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                    goto error;
                 }
-                Py_DECREF(callable);
-                if (res == NULL) { stack_pointer += -2 - oparg; goto error; }
+                res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
             }
             // _CHECK_PERIODIC
             {
+                _Py_CHECK_EMSCRIPTEN_SIGNALS_PERIODICALLY();
+                QSBR_QUIESCENT_STATE(tstate);
+                if (_Py_atomic_load_uintptr_relaxed(&tstate->eval_breaker) & _PY_EVAL_EVENTS_MASK) {
+                    stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
+                    stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
+                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                    int err = _Py_HandlePending(tstate);
+                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                    if (err != 0) goto error;
+                    stack_pointer += 1 + oparg;
+                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                }
             }
             stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
-            CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -1193,45 +1475,82 @@
             next_instr += 4;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(CALL_BUILTIN_FAST_WITH_KEYWORDS);
             static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL == 3, "incorrect cache size");
-            PyObject **args;
-            PyObject *self_or_null;
-            PyObject *callable;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef *callable;
+            _PyStackRef *self_or_null;
+            _PyStackRef *args;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
             /* Skip 2 cache entries */
             // _CALL_BUILTIN_FAST_WITH_KEYWORDS
-            args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
-            self_or_null = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
-            callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
             {
+                args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
+                self_or_null = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
+                callable = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
                 /* Builtin METH_FASTCALL | METH_KEYWORDS functions */
+                PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
                 int total_args = oparg;
-                if (self_or_null != NULL) {
+                if (!PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])) {
                     args--;
                     total_args++;
                 }
-                DEOPT_IF(!PyCFunction_CheckExact(callable), CALL);
-                DEOPT_IF(PyCFunction_GET_FLAGS(callable) != (METH_FASTCALL | METH_KEYWORDS), CALL);
+                DEOPT_IF(!PyCFunction_CheckExact(callable_o), CALL);
+                DEOPT_IF(PyCFunction_GET_FLAGS(callable_o) != (METH_FASTCALL | METH_KEYWORDS), CALL);
                 STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
                 /* res = func(self, args, nargs, kwnames) */
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                 PyCFunctionFastWithKeywords cfunc =
                 (PyCFunctionFastWithKeywords)(void(*)(void))
-                PyCFunction_GET_FUNCTION(callable);
-                res = cfunc(PyCFunction_GET_SELF(callable), args, total_args, NULL);
-                assert((res != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
+                PyCFunction_GET_FUNCTION(callable_o);
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS(args, total_args, args_o);
+                if (CONVERSION_FAILED(args_o)) {
+                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
+                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(self_or_null[0]);
+                    for (int _i = oparg; --_i >= 0;) {
+                        PyStackRef_CLOSE(args[_i]);
+                    }
+                    {
+                        stack_pointer += -2 - oparg;
+                        assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                        goto error;
+                    }
+                }
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                PyObject *res_o = cfunc(PyCFunction_GET_SELF(callable_o), args_o, total_args, NULL);
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS_CLEANUP(args_o);
+                assert((res_o != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
                 /* Free the arguments. */
                 for (int i = 0; i < total_args; i++) {
-                    Py_DECREF(args[i]);
+                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(args[i]);
+                }
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
+                if (res_o == NULL) {
+                    stack_pointer += -2 - oparg;
+                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                    goto error;
                 }
-                Py_DECREF(callable);
-                if (res == NULL) { stack_pointer += -2 - oparg; goto error; }
+                res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
             }
             // _CHECK_PERIODIC
             {
+                _Py_CHECK_EMSCRIPTEN_SIGNALS_PERIODICALLY();
+                QSBR_QUIESCENT_STATE(tstate);
+                if (_Py_atomic_load_uintptr_relaxed(&tstate->eval_breaker) & _PY_EVAL_EVENTS_MASK) {
+                    stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
+                    stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
+                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                    int err = _Py_HandlePending(tstate);
+                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                    if (err != 0) goto error;
+                    stack_pointer += 1 + oparg;
+                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                }
             }
             stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
-            CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -1240,45 +1559,66 @@
             next_instr += 4;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(CALL_BUILTIN_O);
             static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL == 3, "incorrect cache size");
-            PyObject **args;
-            PyObject *self_or_null;
-            PyObject *callable;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef *callable;
+            _PyStackRef *self_or_null;
+            _PyStackRef *args;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
             /* Skip 2 cache entries */
             // _CALL_BUILTIN_O
-            args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
-            self_or_null = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
-            callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
             {
+                args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
+                self_or_null = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
+                callable = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
                 /* Builtin METH_O functions */
+                PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
                 int total_args = oparg;
-                if (self_or_null != NULL) {
+                if (!PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])) {
                     args--;
                     total_args++;
                 }
                 DEOPT_IF(total_args != 1, CALL);
-                DEOPT_IF(!PyCFunction_CheckExact(callable), CALL);
-                DEOPT_IF(PyCFunction_GET_FLAGS(callable) != METH_O, CALL);
+                DEOPT_IF(!PyCFunction_CheckExact(callable_o), CALL);
+                DEOPT_IF(PyCFunction_GET_FLAGS(callable_o) != METH_O, CALL);
                 // CPython promises to check all non-vectorcall function calls.
                 DEOPT_IF(tstate->c_recursion_remaining <= 0, CALL);
                 STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
-                PyCFunction cfunc = PyCFunction_GET_FUNCTION(callable);
-                PyObject *arg = args[0];
+                PyCFunction cfunc = PyCFunction_GET_FUNCTION(callable_o);
+                _PyStackRef arg = args[0];
                 _Py_EnterRecursiveCallTstateUnchecked(tstate);
-                res = _PyCFunction_TrampolineCall(cfunc, PyCFunction_GET_SELF(callable), arg);
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                PyObject *res_o = _PyCFunction_TrampolineCall(cfunc, PyCFunction_GET_SELF(callable_o), PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(arg));
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                 _Py_LeaveRecursiveCallTstate(tstate);
-                assert((res != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
-                Py_DECREF(arg);
-                Py_DECREF(callable);
-                if (res == NULL) { stack_pointer += -2 - oparg; goto error; }
+                assert((res_o != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(arg);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
+                if (res_o == NULL) {
+                    stack_pointer += -2 - oparg;
+                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                    goto error;
+                }
+                res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
             }
             // _CHECK_PERIODIC
             {
+                _Py_CHECK_EMSCRIPTEN_SIGNALS_PERIODICALLY();
+                QSBR_QUIESCENT_STATE(tstate);
+                if (_Py_atomic_load_uintptr_relaxed(&tstate->eval_breaker) & _PY_EVAL_EVENTS_MASK) {
+                    stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
+                    stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
+                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                    int err = _Py_HandlePending(tstate);
+                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                    if (err != 0) goto error;
+                    stack_pointer += 1 + oparg;
+                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                }
             }
             stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
-            CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -1287,84 +1627,157 @@
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(CALL_FUNCTION_EX);
             PREDICTED(CALL_FUNCTION_EX);
-            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = next_instr - 1;
+            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = next_instr - 1;
             (void)this_instr;
-            PyObject *kwargs = NULL;
-            PyObject *callargs;
-            PyObject *func;
-            PyObject *result;
-            if (oparg & 1) { kwargs = stack_pointer[-(oparg & 1)]; }
-            callargs = stack_pointer[-1 - (oparg & 1)];
-            func = stack_pointer[-3 - (oparg & 1)];
-            // DICT_MERGE is called before this opcode if there are kwargs.
-            // It converts all dict subtypes in kwargs into regular dicts.
-            assert(kwargs == NULL || PyDict_CheckExact(kwargs));
-            if (!PyTuple_CheckExact(callargs)) {
-                if (check_args_iterable(tstate, func, callargs) < 0) {
-                    goto error;
+            _PyStackRef func;
+            _PyStackRef callargs;
+            _PyStackRef kwargs_in = PyStackRef_NULL;
+            _PyStackRef tuple;
+            _PyStackRef kwargs_out = PyStackRef_NULL;
+            _PyStackRef func_st;
+            _PyStackRef callargs_st;
+            _PyStackRef kwargs_st = PyStackRef_NULL;
+            _PyStackRef result;
+            // _MAKE_CALLARGS_A_TUPLE
+            {
+                if (oparg & 1) { kwargs_in = stack_pointer[-(oparg & 1)]; }
+                callargs = stack_pointer[-1 - (oparg & 1)];
+                func = stack_pointer[-3 - (oparg & 1)];
+                PyObject *callargs_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callargs);
+                if (PyTuple_CheckExact(callargs_o)) {
+                    tuple = callargs;
                 }
-                PyObject *tuple = PySequence_Tuple(callargs);
-                if (tuple == NULL) {
-                    goto error;
+                else {
+                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                    int err = _Py_Check_ArgsIterable(tstate, PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(func), callargs_o);
+                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                    if (err < 0) {
+                        goto error;
+                    }
+                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                    PyObject *tuple_o = PySequence_Tuple(callargs_o);
+                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                    if (tuple_o == NULL) {
+                        goto error;
+                    }
+                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(callargs);
+                    tuple = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(tuple_o);
                 }
-                Py_SETREF(callargs, tuple);
-            }
-            assert(PyTuple_CheckExact(callargs));
-            EVAL_CALL_STAT_INC_IF_FUNCTION(EVAL_CALL_FUNCTION_EX, func);
-            if (opcode == INSTRUMENTED_CALL_FUNCTION_EX) {
-                PyObject *arg = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(callargs) > 0 ?
-                PyTuple_GET_ITEM(callargs, 0) : &_PyInstrumentation_MISSING;
-                int err = _Py_call_instrumentation_2args(
-                    tstate, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_CALL,
-                    frame, this_instr, func, arg);
-                if (err) goto error;
-                result = PyObject_Call(func, callargs, kwargs);
-                if (!PyFunction_Check(func) && !PyMethod_Check(func)) {
-                    if (result == NULL) {
-                        _Py_call_instrumentation_exc2(
-                            tstate, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_C_RAISE,
-                            frame, this_instr, func, arg);
+                kwargs_out = kwargs_in;
+            }
+            // _DO_CALL_FUNCTION_EX
+            {
+                kwargs_st = kwargs_out;
+                callargs_st = tuple;
+                func_st = func;
+                PyObject *func = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(func_st);
+                PyObject *callargs = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callargs_st);
+                PyObject *kwargs = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(kwargs_st);
+                // DICT_MERGE is called before this opcode if there are kwargs.
+                // It converts all dict subtypes in kwargs into regular dicts.
+                assert(kwargs == NULL || PyDict_CheckExact(kwargs));
+                assert(PyTuple_CheckExact(callargs));
+                EVAL_CALL_STAT_INC_IF_FUNCTION(EVAL_CALL_FUNCTION_EX, func);
+                PyObject *result_o;
+                assert(!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate));
+                if (opcode == INSTRUMENTED_CALL_FUNCTION_EX) {
+                    PyObject *arg = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(callargs) > 0 ?
+                    PyTuple_GET_ITEM(callargs, 0) : &_PyInstrumentation_MISSING;
+                    stack_pointer[-1 - (oparg & 1)] = callargs_st;
+                    if (oparg & 1) stack_pointer[-(oparg & 1)] = kwargs_st;
+                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                    int err = _Py_call_instrumentation_2args(
+                        tstate, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_CALL,
+                        frame, this_instr, func, arg);
+                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                    if (err) {
+                        goto error;
                     }
-                    else {
-                        int err = _Py_call_instrumentation_2args(
-                            tstate, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_C_RETURN,
-                            frame, this_instr, func, arg);
-                        if (err < 0) {
-                            Py_CLEAR(result);
+                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                    result_o = PyObject_Call(func, callargs, kwargs);
+                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                    if (!PyFunction_Check(func) && !PyMethod_Check(func)) {
+                        if (result_o == NULL) {
+                            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                            _Py_call_instrumentation_exc2(
+                                tstate, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_C_RAISE,
+                                frame, this_instr, func, arg);
+                            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                        }
+                        else {
+                            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                            int err = _Py_call_instrumentation_2args(
+                                tstate, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_C_RETURN,
+                                frame, this_instr, func, arg);
+                            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                            if (err < 0) {
+                                Py_CLEAR(result_o);
+                            }
                         }
                     }
                 }
-            }
-            else {
-                if (Py_TYPE(func) == &PyFunction_Type &&
-                    tstate->interp->eval_frame == NULL &&
-                    ((PyFunctionObject *)func)->vectorcall == _PyFunction_Vectorcall) {
-                    assert(PyTuple_CheckExact(callargs));
-                    Py_ssize_t nargs = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(callargs);
-                    int code_flags = ((PyCodeObject *)PyFunction_GET_CODE(func))->co_flags;
-                    PyObject *locals = code_flags & CO_OPTIMIZED ? NULL : Py_NewRef(PyFunction_GET_GLOBALS(func));
-                    _PyInterpreterFrame *new_frame = _PyEvalFramePushAndInit_Ex(tstate,
-                        (PyFunctionObject *)func, locals,
-                        nargs, callargs, kwargs);
-                    // Need to manually shrink the stack since we exit with DISPATCH_INLINED.
-                    STACK_SHRINK(oparg + 3);
-                    if (new_frame == NULL) {
-                        goto error;
+                else {
+                    if (Py_TYPE(func) == &PyFunction_Type &&
+                        tstate->interp->eval_frame == NULL &&
+                        ((PyFunctionObject *)func)->vectorcall == _PyFunction_Vectorcall) {
+                        assert(PyTuple_CheckExact(callargs));
+                        Py_ssize_t nargs = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(callargs);
+                        int code_flags = ((PyCodeObject *)PyFunction_GET_CODE(func))->co_flags;
+                        PyObject *locals = code_flags & CO_OPTIMIZED ? NULL : Py_NewRef(PyFunction_GET_GLOBALS(func));
+                        stack_pointer[-1 - (oparg & 1)] = callargs_st;
+                        if (oparg & 1) stack_pointer[-(oparg & 1)] = kwargs_st;
+                        _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                        _PyInterpreterFrame *new_frame = _PyEvalFramePushAndInit_Ex(
+                            tstate, func_st, locals,
+                            nargs, callargs, kwargs, frame);
+                        stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                        // Need to sync the stack since we exit with DISPATCH_INLINED.
+                        stack_pointer += -3 - (oparg & 1);
+                        assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                        if (new_frame == NULL) {
+                            goto error;
+                        }
+                        assert(next_instr - this_instr == 1);
+                        frame->return_offset = 1;
+                        DISPATCH_INLINED(new_frame);
                     }
-                    assert(next_instr - this_instr == 1);
-                    frame->return_offset = 1;
-                    DISPATCH_INLINED(new_frame);
+                    stack_pointer[-1 - (oparg & 1)] = callargs_st;
+                    if (oparg & 1) stack_pointer[-(oparg & 1)] = kwargs_st;
+                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                    result_o = PyObject_Call(func, callargs, kwargs);
+                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                }
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                PyStackRef_XCLOSE(kwargs_st);
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(callargs_st);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(func_st);
+                if (result_o == NULL) {
+                    stack_pointer += -3 - (oparg & 1);
+                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                    goto error;
+                }
+                result = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(result_o);
+            }
+            // _CHECK_PERIODIC
+            {
+                _Py_CHECK_EMSCRIPTEN_SIGNALS_PERIODICALLY();
+                QSBR_QUIESCENT_STATE(tstate);
+                if (_Py_atomic_load_uintptr_relaxed(&tstate->eval_breaker) & _PY_EVAL_EVENTS_MASK) {
+                    stack_pointer[-3 - (oparg & 1)] = result;
+                    stack_pointer += -2 - (oparg & 1);
+                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                    int err = _Py_HandlePending(tstate);
+                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                    if (err != 0) goto error;
+                    stack_pointer += 2 + (oparg & 1);
+                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                 }
-                result = PyObject_Call(func, callargs, kwargs);
             }
-            Py_DECREF(func);
-            Py_DECREF(callargs);
-            Py_XDECREF(kwargs);
-            assert(PEEK(2 + (oparg & 1)) == NULL);
-            if (result == NULL) { stack_pointer += -3 - (oparg & 1); goto error; }
             stack_pointer[-3 - (oparg & 1)] = result;
             stack_pointer += -2 - (oparg & 1);
-            CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -1372,13 +1785,16 @@
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(CALL_INTRINSIC_1);
-            PyObject *value;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef value;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             value = stack_pointer[-1];
             assert(oparg <= MAX_INTRINSIC_1);
-            res = _PyIntrinsics_UnaryFunctions[oparg].func(tstate, value);
-            Py_DECREF(value);
-            if (res == NULL) goto pop_1_error;
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            PyObject *res_o = _PyIntrinsics_UnaryFunctions[oparg].func(tstate, PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(value));
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(value);
+            if (res_o == NULL) goto pop_1_error;
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
             stack_pointer[-1] = res;
             DISPATCH();
         }
@@ -1387,18 +1803,24 @@
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(CALL_INTRINSIC_2);
-            PyObject *value1;
-            PyObject *value2;
-            PyObject *res;
-            value1 = stack_pointer[-1];
-            value2 = stack_pointer[-2];
+            _PyStackRef value2_st;
+            _PyStackRef value1_st;
+            _PyStackRef res;
+            value1_st = stack_pointer[-1];
+            value2_st = stack_pointer[-2];
             assert(oparg <= MAX_INTRINSIC_2);
-            res = _PyIntrinsics_BinaryFunctions[oparg].func(tstate, value2, value1);
-            Py_DECREF(value2);
-            Py_DECREF(value1);
-            if (res == NULL) goto pop_2_error;
+            PyObject *value1 = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(value1_st);
+            PyObject *value2 = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(value2_st);
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            PyObject *res_o = _PyIntrinsics_BinaryFunctions[oparg].func(tstate, value2, value1);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(value2_st);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(value1_st);
+            if (res_o == NULL) goto pop_2_error;
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
             stack_pointer[-2] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -1407,132 +1829,484 @@
             next_instr += 4;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(CALL_ISINSTANCE);
             static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL == 3, "incorrect cache size");
-            PyObject **args;
-            PyObject *self_or_null;
-            PyObject *callable;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef *callable;
+            _PyStackRef *self_or_null;
+            _PyStackRef *args;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
             /* Skip 2 cache entries */
             args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
-            self_or_null = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
-            callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+            self_or_null = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
+            callable = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
             /* isinstance(o, o2) */
+            PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
             int total_args = oparg;
-            if (self_or_null != NULL) {
+            if (!PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])) {
                 args--;
                 total_args++;
             }
             DEOPT_IF(total_args != 2, CALL);
             PyInterpreterState *interp = tstate->interp;
-            DEOPT_IF(callable != interp->callable_cache.isinstance, CALL);
+            DEOPT_IF(callable_o != interp->callable_cache.isinstance, CALL);
             STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
-            PyObject *cls = args[1];
-            PyObject *inst = args[0];
-            int retval = PyObject_IsInstance(inst, cls);
+            _PyStackRef cls_stackref = args[1];
+            _PyStackRef inst_stackref = args[0];
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            int retval = PyObject_IsInstance(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(inst_stackref), PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(cls_stackref));
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
             if (retval < 0) {
                 goto error;
             }
-            res = PyBool_FromLong(retval);
-            assert((res != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
-            if (res == NULL) {
-                GOTO_ERROR(error);
-            }
-            Py_DECREF(inst);
-            Py_DECREF(cls);
-            Py_DECREF(callable);
+            res = retval ? PyStackRef_True : PyStackRef_False;
+            assert((!PyStackRef_IsNull(res)) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(inst_stackref);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(cls_stackref);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
             stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
         TARGET(CALL_KW) {
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
-            next_instr += 1;
+            next_instr += 4;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(CALL_KW);
             PREDICTED(CALL_KW);
-            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = next_instr - 1;
+            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = next_instr - 4;
             (void)this_instr;
-            PyObject *kwnames;
-            PyObject **args;
-            PyObject *self_or_null;
-            PyObject *callable;
-            PyObject *res;
-            kwnames = stack_pointer[-1];
-            args = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
-            self_or_null = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
-            callable = stack_pointer[-3 - oparg];
-            // oparg counts all of the args, but *not* self:
-            int total_args = oparg;
-            if (self_or_null != NULL) {
-                args--;
-                total_args++;
+            _PyStackRef *callable;
+            _PyStackRef *self_or_null;
+            _PyStackRef *args;
+            _PyStackRef kwnames;
+            _PyStackRef kwnames_in;
+            _PyStackRef *func;
+            _PyStackRef *maybe_self;
+            _PyStackRef kwnames_out;
+            _PyStackRef res;
+            // _SPECIALIZE_CALL_KW
+            {
+                self_or_null = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+                callable = &stack_pointer[-3 - oparg];
+                uint16_t counter = read_u16(&this_instr[1].cache);
+                (void)counter;
+                #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
+                if (ADAPTIVE_COUNTER_TRIGGERS(counter)) {
+                    next_instr = this_instr;
+                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                    _Py_Specialize_CallKw(callable[0], next_instr, oparg + !PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0]));
+                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                    DISPATCH_SAME_OPARG();
+                }
+                OPCODE_DEFERRED_INC(CALL_KW);
+                ADVANCE_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(this_instr[1].counter);
+                #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
             }
-            if (self_or_null == NULL && Py_TYPE(callable) == &PyMethod_Type) {
-                args--;
-                total_args++;
-                PyObject *self = ((PyMethodObject *)callable)->im_self;
-                args[0] = Py_NewRef(self);
-                PyObject *method = ((PyMethodObject *)callable)->im_func;
-                args[-1] = Py_NewRef(method);
-                Py_DECREF(callable);
-                callable = method;
-            }
-            int positional_args = total_args - (int)PyTuple_GET_SIZE(kwnames);
-            // Check if the call can be inlined or not
-            if (Py_TYPE(callable) == &PyFunction_Type &&
-                tstate->interp->eval_frame == NULL &&
-                ((PyFunctionObject *)callable)->vectorcall == _PyFunction_Vectorcall)
-            {
-                int code_flags = ((PyCodeObject*)PyFunction_GET_CODE(callable))->co_flags;
-                PyObject *locals = code_flags & CO_OPTIMIZED ? NULL : Py_NewRef(PyFunction_GET_GLOBALS(callable));
-                _PyInterpreterFrame *new_frame = _PyEvalFramePushAndInit(
-                    tstate, (PyFunctionObject *)callable, locals,
-                    args, positional_args, kwnames
+            /* Skip 2 cache entries */
+            // _MAYBE_EXPAND_METHOD_KW
+            {
+                kwnames_in = stack_pointer[-1];
+                args = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
+                func = &stack_pointer[-3 - oparg];
+                maybe_self = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+                if (PyStackRef_TYPE(callable[0]) == &PyMethod_Type && PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])) {
+                    PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
+                    PyObject *self = ((PyMethodObject *)callable_o)->im_self;
+                    maybe_self[0] = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(self);
+                    PyObject *method = ((PyMethodObject *)callable_o)->im_func;
+                    _PyStackRef temp = callable[0];
+                    func[0] = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(method);
+                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(temp);
+                }
+                kwnames_out = kwnames_in;
+            }
+            // _DO_CALL_KW
+            {
+                kwnames = kwnames_out;
+                args = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
+                self_or_null = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+                callable = &stack_pointer[-3 - oparg];
+                PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
+                PyObject *kwnames_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(kwnames);
+                // oparg counts all of the args, but *not* self:
+                int total_args = oparg;
+                if (!PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])) {
+                    args--;
+                    total_args++;
+                }
+                int positional_args = total_args - (int)PyTuple_GET_SIZE(kwnames_o);
+                // Check if the call can be inlined or not
+                if (Py_TYPE(callable_o) == &PyFunction_Type &&
+                    tstate->interp->eval_frame == NULL &&
+                    ((PyFunctionObject *)callable_o)->vectorcall == _PyFunction_Vectorcall)
+                {
+                    int code_flags = ((PyCodeObject*)PyFunction_GET_CODE(callable_o))->co_flags;
+                    PyObject *locals = code_flags & CO_OPTIMIZED ? NULL : Py_NewRef(PyFunction_GET_GLOBALS(callable_o));
+                    stack_pointer[-1] = kwnames;
+                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                    _PyInterpreterFrame *new_frame = _PyEvalFramePushAndInit(
+                        tstate, callable[0], locals,
+                        args, positional_args, kwnames_o, frame
+                    );
+                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(kwnames);
+                    // Sync stack explicitly since we leave using DISPATCH_INLINED().
+                    stack_pointer += -3 - oparg;
+                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                    // The frame has stolen all the arguments from the stack,
+                    // so there is no need to clean them up.
+                    if (new_frame == NULL) {
+                        goto error;
+                    }
+                    assert(next_instr - this_instr == 1 + INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL_KW);
+                    frame->return_offset = 1 + INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL_KW;
+                    DISPATCH_INLINED(new_frame);
+                }
+                /* Callable is not a normal Python function */
+                STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS(args, total_args, args_o);
+                if (CONVERSION_FAILED(args_o)) {
+                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
+                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(self_or_null[0]);
+                    for (int _i = oparg; --_i >= 0;) {
+                        PyStackRef_CLOSE(args[_i]);
+                    }
+                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(kwnames);
+                    {
+                        stack_pointer += -3 - oparg;
+                        assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                        goto error;
+                    }
+                }
+                stack_pointer[-1] = kwnames;
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                PyObject *res_o = PyObject_Vectorcall(
+                    callable_o, args_o,
+                    positional_args | PY_VECTORCALL_ARGUMENTS_OFFSET,
+                    kwnames_o);
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS_CLEANUP(args_o);
+                if (opcode == INSTRUMENTED_CALL_KW) {
+                    PyObject *arg = total_args == 0 ?
+                    &_PyInstrumentation_MISSING : PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(args[0]);
+                    if (res_o == NULL) {
+                        _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                        _Py_call_instrumentation_exc2(
+                            tstate, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_C_RAISE,
+                            frame, this_instr, callable_o, arg);
+                        stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                        int err = _Py_call_instrumentation_2args(
+                            tstate, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_C_RETURN,
+                            frame, this_instr, callable_o, arg);
+                        stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                        if (err < 0) {
+                            Py_CLEAR(res_o);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(kwnames);
+                assert((res_o != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
+                for (int i = 0; i < total_args; i++) {
+                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(args[i]);
+                }
+                if (res_o == NULL) {
+                    stack_pointer += -3 - oparg;
+                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                    goto error;
+                }
+                res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
+            }
+            stack_pointer[-3 - oparg] = res;
+            stack_pointer += -2 - oparg;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(CALL_KW_BOUND_METHOD) {
+            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
+            next_instr += 4;
+            INSTRUCTION_STATS(CALL_KW_BOUND_METHOD);
+            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL_KW == 3, "incorrect cache size");
+            _PyStackRef *callable;
+            _PyStackRef *null;
+            _PyStackRef kwnames;
+            _PyStackRef *method;
+            _PyStackRef *self;
+            _PyStackRef *self_or_null;
+            _PyStackRef *args;
+            _PyInterpreterFrame *new_frame;
+            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
+            // _CHECK_PEP_523
+            {
+                DEOPT_IF(tstate->interp->eval_frame, CALL_KW);
+            }
+            // _CHECK_METHOD_VERSION_KW
+            {
+                null = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+                callable = &stack_pointer[-3 - oparg];
+                uint32_t func_version = read_u32(&this_instr[2].cache);
+                PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
+                DEOPT_IF(Py_TYPE(callable_o) != &PyMethod_Type, CALL_KW);
+                PyObject *func = ((PyMethodObject *)callable_o)->im_func;
+                DEOPT_IF(!PyFunction_Check(func), CALL_KW);
+                DEOPT_IF(((PyFunctionObject *)func)->func_version != func_version, CALL_KW);
+                DEOPT_IF(!PyStackRef_IsNull(null[0]), CALL_KW);
+            }
+            // _EXPAND_METHOD_KW
+            {
+                method = &stack_pointer[-3 - oparg];
+                self = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+                _PyStackRef callable_s = callable[0];
+                PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable_s);
+                assert(PyStackRef_IsNull(null[0]));
+                assert(Py_TYPE(callable_o) == &PyMethod_Type);
+                self[0] = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(((PyMethodObject *)callable_o)->im_self);
+                method[0] = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(((PyMethodObject *)callable_o)->im_func);
+                assert(PyStackRef_FunctionCheck(method[0]));
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable_s);
+            }
+            // flush
+            // _PY_FRAME_KW
+            {
+                kwnames = stack_pointer[-1];
+                args = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
+                self_or_null = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+                callable = &stack_pointer[-3 - oparg];
+                PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
+                // oparg counts all of the args, but *not* self:
+                int total_args = oparg;
+                if (!PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])) {
+                    args--;
+                    total_args++;
+                }
+                PyObject *kwnames_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(kwnames);
+                int positional_args = total_args - (int)PyTuple_GET_SIZE(kwnames_o);
+                assert(Py_TYPE(callable_o) == &PyFunction_Type);
+                int code_flags = ((PyCodeObject*)PyFunction_GET_CODE(callable_o))->co_flags;
+                PyObject *locals = code_flags & CO_OPTIMIZED ? NULL : Py_NewRef(PyFunction_GET_GLOBALS(callable_o));
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                new_frame = _PyEvalFramePushAndInit(
+                    tstate, callable[0], locals,
+                    args, positional_args, kwnames_o, frame
                 );
-                Py_DECREF(kwnames);
-                // Manipulate stack directly since we leave using DISPATCH_INLINED().
-                STACK_SHRINK(oparg + 3);
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(kwnames);
                 // The frame has stolen all the arguments from the stack,
                 // so there is no need to clean them up.
+                stack_pointer[-3 - oparg].bits = (uintptr_t)new_frame;
+                stack_pointer += -2 - oparg;
+                assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                 if (new_frame == NULL) {
                     goto error;
                 }
-                assert(next_instr - this_instr == 1);
-                frame->return_offset = 1;
-                DISPATCH_INLINED(new_frame);
-            }
-            /* Callable is not a normal Python function */
-            res = PyObject_Vectorcall(
-                                      callable, args,
-                                      positional_args | PY_VECTORCALL_ARGUMENTS_OFFSET,
-                                      kwnames);
-            if (opcode == INSTRUMENTED_CALL_KW) {
-                PyObject *arg = total_args == 0 ?
-                &_PyInstrumentation_MISSING : args[0];
-                if (res == NULL) {
-                    _Py_call_instrumentation_exc2(
-                        tstate, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_C_RAISE,
-                        frame, this_instr, callable, arg);
+            }
+            // _SAVE_RETURN_OFFSET
+            {
+                #if TIER_ONE
+                frame->return_offset = (uint16_t)(next_instr - this_instr);
+                #endif
+                #if TIER_TWO
+                frame->return_offset = oparg;
+                #endif
+            }
+            // _PUSH_FRAME
+            {
+                // Write it out explicitly because it's subtly different.
+                // Eventually this should be the only occurrence of this code.
+                assert(tstate->interp->eval_frame == NULL);
+                _PyInterpreterFrame *temp = new_frame;
+                stack_pointer += -1;
+                assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                assert(new_frame->previous == frame || new_frame->previous->previous == frame);
+                CALL_STAT_INC(inlined_py_calls);
+                frame = tstate->current_frame = temp;
+                tstate->py_recursion_remaining--;
+                LOAD_SP();
+                LOAD_IP(0);
+                LLTRACE_RESUME_FRAME();
+            }
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(CALL_KW_NON_PY) {
+            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
+            next_instr += 4;
+            INSTRUCTION_STATS(CALL_KW_NON_PY);
+            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL_KW == 3, "incorrect cache size");
+            _PyStackRef *callable;
+            _PyStackRef kwnames;
+            _PyStackRef *self_or_null;
+            _PyStackRef *args;
+            _PyStackRef res;
+            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
+            /* Skip 2 cache entries */
+            // _CHECK_IS_NOT_PY_CALLABLE_KW
+            {
+                callable = &stack_pointer[-3 - oparg];
+                PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
+                DEOPT_IF(PyFunction_Check(callable_o), CALL_KW);
+                DEOPT_IF(Py_TYPE(callable_o) == &PyMethod_Type, CALL_KW);
+            }
+            // _CALL_KW_NON_PY
+            {
+                kwnames = stack_pointer[-1];
+                args = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
+                self_or_null = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+                #if TIER_ONE
+                assert(opcode != INSTRUMENTED_CALL);
+                #endif
+                PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
+                int total_args = oparg;
+                if (!PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])) {
+                    args--;
+                    total_args++;
                 }
-                else {
-                    int err = _Py_call_instrumentation_2args(
-                        tstate, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_C_RETURN,
-                        frame, this_instr, callable, arg);
-                    if (err < 0) {
-                        Py_CLEAR(res);
+                /* Callable is not a normal Python function */
+                STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS(args, total_args, args_o);
+                if (CONVERSION_FAILED(args_o)) {
+                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
+                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(self_or_null[0]);
+                    for (int _i = oparg; --_i >= 0;) {
+                        PyStackRef_CLOSE(args[_i]);
                     }
+                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(kwnames);
+                    {
+                        stack_pointer += -3 - oparg;
+                        assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                        goto error;
+                    }
+                }
+                PyObject *kwnames_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(kwnames);
+                int positional_args = total_args - (int)PyTuple_GET_SIZE(kwnames_o);
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                PyObject *res_o = PyObject_Vectorcall(
+                    callable_o, args_o,
+                    positional_args | PY_VECTORCALL_ARGUMENTS_OFFSET,
+                    kwnames_o);
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(kwnames);
+                STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS_CLEANUP(args_o);
+                assert((res_o != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
+                for (int i = 0; i < total_args; i++) {
+                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(args[i]);
+                }
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
+                if (res_o == NULL) {
+                    stack_pointer += -3 - oparg;
+                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                    goto error;
                 }
+                res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
             }
-            Py_DECREF(kwnames);
-            assert((res != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
-            Py_DECREF(callable);
-            for (int i = 0; i < total_args; i++) {
-                Py_DECREF(args[i]);
+            // _CHECK_PERIODIC
+            {
+                _Py_CHECK_EMSCRIPTEN_SIGNALS_PERIODICALLY();
+                QSBR_QUIESCENT_STATE(tstate);
+                if (_Py_atomic_load_uintptr_relaxed(&tstate->eval_breaker) & _PY_EVAL_EVENTS_MASK) {
+                    stack_pointer[-3 - oparg] = res;
+                    stack_pointer += -2 - oparg;
+                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                    int err = _Py_HandlePending(tstate);
+                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                    if (err != 0) goto error;
+                    stack_pointer += 2 + oparg;
+                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                }
             }
-            if (res == NULL) { stack_pointer += -3 - oparg; goto error; }
             stack_pointer[-3 - oparg] = res;
             stack_pointer += -2 - oparg;
-            CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(CALL_KW_PY) {
+            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
+            next_instr += 4;
+            INSTRUCTION_STATS(CALL_KW_PY);
+            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL_KW == 3, "incorrect cache size");
+            _PyStackRef *callable;
+            _PyStackRef *self_or_null;
+            _PyStackRef kwnames;
+            _PyStackRef *args;
+            _PyInterpreterFrame *new_frame;
+            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
+            // _CHECK_PEP_523
+            {
+                DEOPT_IF(tstate->interp->eval_frame, CALL_KW);
+            }
+            // _CHECK_FUNCTION_VERSION_KW
+            {
+                callable = &stack_pointer[-3 - oparg];
+                uint32_t func_version = read_u32(&this_instr[2].cache);
+                PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
+                DEOPT_IF(!PyFunction_Check(callable_o), CALL_KW);
+                PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)callable_o;
+                DEOPT_IF(func->func_version != func_version, CALL_KW);
+            }
+            // _PY_FRAME_KW
+            {
+                kwnames = stack_pointer[-1];
+                args = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
+                self_or_null = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+                PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
+                // oparg counts all of the args, but *not* self:
+                int total_args = oparg;
+                if (!PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])) {
+                    args--;
+                    total_args++;
+                }
+                PyObject *kwnames_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(kwnames);
+                int positional_args = total_args - (int)PyTuple_GET_SIZE(kwnames_o);
+                assert(Py_TYPE(callable_o) == &PyFunction_Type);
+                int code_flags = ((PyCodeObject*)PyFunction_GET_CODE(callable_o))->co_flags;
+                PyObject *locals = code_flags & CO_OPTIMIZED ? NULL : Py_NewRef(PyFunction_GET_GLOBALS(callable_o));
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                new_frame = _PyEvalFramePushAndInit(
+                    tstate, callable[0], locals,
+                    args, positional_args, kwnames_o, frame
+                );
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(kwnames);
+                // The frame has stolen all the arguments from the stack,
+                // so there is no need to clean them up.
+                stack_pointer[-3 - oparg].bits = (uintptr_t)new_frame;
+                stack_pointer += -2 - oparg;
+                assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                if (new_frame == NULL) {
+                    goto error;
+                }
+            }
+            // _SAVE_RETURN_OFFSET
+            {
+                #if TIER_ONE
+                frame->return_offset = (uint16_t)(next_instr - this_instr);
+                #endif
+                #if TIER_TWO
+                frame->return_offset = oparg;
+                #endif
+            }
+            // _PUSH_FRAME
+            {
+                // Write it out explicitly because it's subtly different.
+                // Eventually this should be the only occurrence of this code.
+                assert(tstate->interp->eval_frame == NULL);
+                _PyInterpreterFrame *temp = new_frame;
+                stack_pointer += -1;
+                assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                assert(new_frame->previous == frame || new_frame->previous->previous == frame);
+                CALL_STAT_INC(inlined_py_calls);
+                frame = tstate->current_frame = temp;
+                tstate->py_recursion_remaining--;
+                LOAD_SP();
+                LOAD_IP(0);
+                LLTRACE_RESUME_FRAME();
+            }
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -1541,39 +2315,45 @@
             next_instr += 4;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(CALL_LEN);
             static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL == 3, "incorrect cache size");
-            PyObject **args;
-            PyObject *self_or_null;
-            PyObject *callable;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef *callable;
+            _PyStackRef *self_or_null;
+            _PyStackRef *args;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
             /* Skip 2 cache entries */
             args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
-            self_or_null = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
-            callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+            self_or_null = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
+            callable = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
             /* len(o) */
+            PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
             int total_args = oparg;
-            if (self_or_null != NULL) {
+            if (!PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])) {
                 args--;
                 total_args++;
             }
             DEOPT_IF(total_args != 1, CALL);
             PyInterpreterState *interp = tstate->interp;
-            DEOPT_IF(callable != interp->callable_cache.len, CALL);
+            DEOPT_IF(callable_o != interp->callable_cache.len, CALL);
             STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
-            PyObject *arg = args[0];
+            _PyStackRef arg_stackref = args[0];
+            PyObject *arg = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(arg_stackref);
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
             Py_ssize_t len_i = PyObject_Length(arg);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
             if (len_i < 0) {
                 goto error;
             }
-            res = PyLong_FromSsize_t(len_i);
-            assert((res != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
-            if (res == NULL) {
+            PyObject *res_o = PyLong_FromSsize_t(len_i);
+            assert((res_o != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
+            if (res_o == NULL) {
                 GOTO_ERROR(error);
             }
-            Py_DECREF(callable);
-            Py_DECREF(arg);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(arg_stackref);
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
             stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -1582,29 +2362,34 @@
             next_instr += 4;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(CALL_LIST_APPEND);
             static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL == 3, "incorrect cache size");
-            PyObject *arg;
-            PyObject *self;
-            PyObject *callable;
+            _PyStackRef callable;
+            _PyStackRef self;
+            _PyStackRef arg;
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
             /* Skip 2 cache entries */
             arg = stack_pointer[-1];
             self = stack_pointer[-2];
             callable = stack_pointer[-3];
             assert(oparg == 1);
+            PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable);
+            PyObject *self_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(self);
             PyInterpreterState *interp = tstate->interp;
-            DEOPT_IF(callable != interp->callable_cache.list_append, CALL);
-            assert(self != NULL);
-            DEOPT_IF(!PyList_Check(self), CALL);
+            DEOPT_IF(callable_o != interp->callable_cache.list_append, CALL);
+            assert(self_o != NULL);
+            DEOPT_IF(!PyList_Check(self_o), CALL);
             STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
-            if (_PyList_AppendTakeRef((PyListObject *)self, arg) < 0) {
-                goto pop_1_error;  // Since arg is DECREF'ed already
-            }
-            Py_DECREF(self);
-            Py_DECREF(callable);
-            STACK_SHRINK(3);
-            // Skip POP_TOP
+            int err = _PyList_AppendTakeRef((PyListObject *)self_o, PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(arg));
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(self);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable);
+            if (err) goto pop_3_error;
+            #if TIER_ONE
+            // Skip the following POP_TOP. This is done here in tier one, and
+            // during trace projection in tier two:
             assert(next_instr->op.code == POP_TOP);
             SKIP_OVER(1);
+            #endif
+            stack_pointer += -3;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -1613,48 +2398,83 @@
             next_instr += 4;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_FAST);
             static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL == 3, "incorrect cache size");
-            PyObject **args;
-            PyObject *self_or_null;
-            PyObject *callable;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef *callable;
+            _PyStackRef *self_or_null;
+            _PyStackRef *args;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
             /* Skip 2 cache entries */
             // _CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_FAST
-            args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
-            self_or_null = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
-            callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
             {
+                args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
+                self_or_null = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
+                callable = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+                PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
                 int total_args = oparg;
-                if (self_or_null != NULL) {
+                if (!PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])) {
                     args--;
                     total_args++;
                 }
-                PyMethodDescrObject *method = (PyMethodDescrObject *)callable;
+                PyMethodDescrObject *method = (PyMethodDescrObject *)callable_o;
                 /* Builtin METH_FASTCALL methods, without keywords */
                 DEOPT_IF(!Py_IS_TYPE(method, &PyMethodDescr_Type), CALL);
                 PyMethodDef *meth = method->d_method;
                 DEOPT_IF(meth->ml_flags != METH_FASTCALL, CALL);
-                PyObject *self = args[0];
+                PyObject *self = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(args[0]);
                 DEOPT_IF(!Py_IS_TYPE(self, method->d_common.d_type), CALL);
                 STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
+                int nargs = total_args - 1;
+                STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS(args, total_args, args_o);
+                if (CONVERSION_FAILED(args_o)) {
+                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
+                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(self_or_null[0]);
+                    for (int _i = oparg; --_i >= 0;) {
+                        PyStackRef_CLOSE(args[_i]);
+                    }
+                    {
+                        stack_pointer += -2 - oparg;
+                        assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                        goto error;
+                    }
+                }
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                 PyCFunctionFast cfunc =
                 (PyCFunctionFast)(void(*)(void))meth->ml_meth;
-                int nargs = total_args - 1;
-                res = cfunc(self, args + 1, nargs);
-                assert((res != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
+                PyObject *res_o = cfunc(self, (args_o + 1), nargs);
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS_CLEANUP(args_o);
+                assert((res_o != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
                 /* Clear the stack of the arguments. */
                 for (int i = 0; i < total_args; i++) {
-                    Py_DECREF(args[i]);
+                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(args[i]);
                 }
-                Py_DECREF(callable);
-                if (res == NULL) { stack_pointer += -2 - oparg; goto error; }
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
+                if (res_o == NULL) {
+                    stack_pointer += -2 - oparg;
+                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                    goto error;
+                }
+                res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
             }
             // _CHECK_PERIODIC
             {
+                _Py_CHECK_EMSCRIPTEN_SIGNALS_PERIODICALLY();
+                QSBR_QUIESCENT_STATE(tstate);
+                if (_Py_atomic_load_uintptr_relaxed(&tstate->eval_breaker) & _PY_EVAL_EVENTS_MASK) {
+                    stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
+                    stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
+                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                    int err = _Py_HandlePending(tstate);
+                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                    if (err != 0) goto error;
+                    stack_pointer += 1 + oparg;
+                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                }
             }
             stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
-            CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -1663,48 +2483,83 @@
             next_instr += 4;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_FAST_WITH_KEYWORDS);
             static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL == 3, "incorrect cache size");
-            PyObject **args;
-            PyObject *self_or_null;
-            PyObject *callable;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef *callable;
+            _PyStackRef *self_or_null;
+            _PyStackRef *args;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
             /* Skip 2 cache entries */
             // _CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_FAST_WITH_KEYWORDS
-            args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
-            self_or_null = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
-            callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
             {
+                args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
+                self_or_null = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
+                callable = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+                PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
                 int total_args = oparg;
-                if (self_or_null != NULL) {
+                if (!PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])) {
                     args--;
                     total_args++;
                 }
-                PyMethodDescrObject *method = (PyMethodDescrObject *)callable;
+                PyMethodDescrObject *method = (PyMethodDescrObject *)callable_o;
                 DEOPT_IF(!Py_IS_TYPE(method, &PyMethodDescr_Type), CALL);
                 PyMethodDef *meth = method->d_method;
                 DEOPT_IF(meth->ml_flags != (METH_FASTCALL|METH_KEYWORDS), CALL);
                 PyTypeObject *d_type = method->d_common.d_type;
-                PyObject *self = args[0];
+                PyObject *self = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(args[0]);
                 DEOPT_IF(!Py_IS_TYPE(self, d_type), CALL);
                 STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
                 int nargs = total_args - 1;
+                STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS(args, total_args, args_o);
+                if (CONVERSION_FAILED(args_o)) {
+                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
+                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(self_or_null[0]);
+                    for (int _i = oparg; --_i >= 0;) {
+                        PyStackRef_CLOSE(args[_i]);
+                    }
+                    {
+                        stack_pointer += -2 - oparg;
+                        assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                        goto error;
+                    }
+                }
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                 PyCFunctionFastWithKeywords cfunc =
                 (PyCFunctionFastWithKeywords)(void(*)(void))meth->ml_meth;
-                res = cfunc(self, args + 1, nargs, NULL);
-                assert((res != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
+                PyObject *res_o = cfunc(self, (args_o + 1), nargs, NULL);
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS_CLEANUP(args_o);
+                assert((res_o != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
                 /* Free the arguments. */
                 for (int i = 0; i < total_args; i++) {
-                    Py_DECREF(args[i]);
+                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(args[i]);
+                }
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
+                if (res_o == NULL) {
+                    stack_pointer += -2 - oparg;
+                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                    goto error;
                 }
-                Py_DECREF(callable);
-                if (res == NULL) { stack_pointer += -2 - oparg; goto error; }
+                res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
             }
             // _CHECK_PERIODIC
             {
+                _Py_CHECK_EMSCRIPTEN_SIGNALS_PERIODICALLY();
+                QSBR_QUIESCENT_STATE(tstate);
+                if (_Py_atomic_load_uintptr_relaxed(&tstate->eval_breaker) & _PY_EVAL_EVENTS_MASK) {
+                    stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
+                    stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
+                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                    int err = _Py_HandlePending(tstate);
+                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                    if (err != 0) goto error;
+                    stack_pointer += 1 + oparg;
+                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                }
             }
             stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
-            CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -1713,28 +2568,30 @@
             next_instr += 4;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_NOARGS);
             static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL == 3, "incorrect cache size");
-            PyObject **args;
-            PyObject *self_or_null;
-            PyObject *callable;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef *callable;
+            _PyStackRef *self_or_null;
+            _PyStackRef *args;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
             /* Skip 2 cache entries */
             // _CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_NOARGS
-            args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
-            self_or_null = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
-            callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
             {
+                args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
+                self_or_null = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
+                callable = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
                 assert(oparg == 0 || oparg == 1);
+                PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
                 int total_args = oparg;
-                if (self_or_null != NULL) {
+                if (!PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])) {
                     args--;
                     total_args++;
                 }
                 DEOPT_IF(total_args != 1, CALL);
-                PyMethodDescrObject *method = (PyMethodDescrObject *)callable;
+                PyMethodDescrObject *method = (PyMethodDescrObject *)callable_o;
                 DEOPT_IF(!Py_IS_TYPE(method, &PyMethodDescr_Type), CALL);
                 PyMethodDef *meth = method->d_method;
-                PyObject *self = args[0];
+                _PyStackRef self_stackref = args[0];
+                PyObject *self = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(self_stackref);
                 DEOPT_IF(!Py_IS_TYPE(self, method->d_common.d_type), CALL);
                 DEOPT_IF(meth->ml_flags != METH_NOARGS, CALL);
                 // CPython promises to check all non-vectorcall function calls.
@@ -1742,19 +2599,39 @@
                 STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
                 PyCFunction cfunc = meth->ml_meth;
                 _Py_EnterRecursiveCallTstateUnchecked(tstate);
-                res = _PyCFunction_TrampolineCall(cfunc, self, NULL);
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                PyObject *res_o = _PyCFunction_TrampolineCall(cfunc, self, NULL);
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                 _Py_LeaveRecursiveCallTstate(tstate);
-                assert((res != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
-                Py_DECREF(self);
-                Py_DECREF(callable);
-                if (res == NULL) { stack_pointer += -2 - oparg; goto error; }
+                assert((res_o != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(self_stackref);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
+                if (res_o == NULL) {
+                    stack_pointer += -2 - oparg;
+                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                    goto error;
+                }
+                res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
             }
             // _CHECK_PERIODIC
             {
+                _Py_CHECK_EMSCRIPTEN_SIGNALS_PERIODICALLY();
+                QSBR_QUIESCENT_STATE(tstate);
+                if (_Py_atomic_load_uintptr_relaxed(&tstate->eval_breaker) & _PY_EVAL_EVENTS_MASK) {
+                    stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
+                    stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
+                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                    int err = _Py_HandlePending(tstate);
+                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                    if (err != 0) goto error;
+                    stack_pointer += 1 + oparg;
+                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                }
             }
             stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
-            CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -1763,49 +2640,73 @@
             next_instr += 4;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_O);
             static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL == 3, "incorrect cache size");
-            PyObject **args;
-            PyObject *self_or_null;
-            PyObject *callable;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef *callable;
+            _PyStackRef *self_or_null;
+            _PyStackRef *args;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
             /* Skip 2 cache entries */
             // _CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_O
-            args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
-            self_or_null = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
-            callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
             {
+                args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
+                self_or_null = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
+                callable = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+                PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
                 int total_args = oparg;
-                if (self_or_null != NULL) {
+                if (!PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])) {
                     args--;
                     total_args++;
                 }
-                PyMethodDescrObject *method = (PyMethodDescrObject *)callable;
+                PyMethodDescrObject *method = (PyMethodDescrObject *)callable_o;
                 DEOPT_IF(total_args != 2, CALL);
                 DEOPT_IF(!Py_IS_TYPE(method, &PyMethodDescr_Type), CALL);
                 PyMethodDef *meth = method->d_method;
                 DEOPT_IF(meth->ml_flags != METH_O, CALL);
                 // CPython promises to check all non-vectorcall function calls.
                 DEOPT_IF(tstate->c_recursion_remaining <= 0, CALL);
-                PyObject *arg = args[1];
-                PyObject *self = args[0];
-                DEOPT_IF(!Py_IS_TYPE(self, method->d_common.d_type), CALL);
+                _PyStackRef arg_stackref = args[1];
+                _PyStackRef self_stackref = args[0];
+                DEOPT_IF(!Py_IS_TYPE(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(self_stackref),
+                                method->d_common.d_type), CALL);
                 STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
                 PyCFunction cfunc = meth->ml_meth;
                 _Py_EnterRecursiveCallTstateUnchecked(tstate);
-                res = _PyCFunction_TrampolineCall(cfunc, self, arg);
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                PyObject *res_o = _PyCFunction_TrampolineCall(cfunc,
+                    PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(self_stackref),
+                    PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(arg_stackref));
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                 _Py_LeaveRecursiveCallTstate(tstate);
-                assert((res != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
-                Py_DECREF(self);
-                Py_DECREF(arg);
-                Py_DECREF(callable);
-                if (res == NULL) { stack_pointer += -2 - oparg; goto error; }
+                assert((res_o != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(self_stackref);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(arg_stackref);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
+                if (res_o == NULL) {
+                    stack_pointer += -2 - oparg;
+                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                    goto error;
+                }
+                res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
             }
             // _CHECK_PERIODIC
             {
+                _Py_CHECK_EMSCRIPTEN_SIGNALS_PERIODICALLY();
+                QSBR_QUIESCENT_STATE(tstate);
+                if (_Py_atomic_load_uintptr_relaxed(&tstate->eval_breaker) & _PY_EVAL_EVENTS_MASK) {
+                    stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
+                    stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
+                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                    int err = _Py_HandlePending(tstate);
+                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                    if (err != 0) goto error;
+                    stack_pointer += 1 + oparg;
+                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                }
             }
             stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
-            CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -1814,59 +2715,95 @@
             next_instr += 4;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(CALL_NON_PY_GENERAL);
             static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL == 3, "incorrect cache size");
-            PyObject *callable;
-            PyObject **args;
-            PyObject *self_or_null;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef *callable;
+            _PyStackRef *self_or_null;
+            _PyStackRef *args;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
             /* Skip 2 cache entries */
             // _CHECK_IS_NOT_PY_CALLABLE
-            callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
             {
-                DEOPT_IF(PyFunction_Check(callable), CALL);
-                DEOPT_IF(Py_TYPE(callable) == &PyMethod_Type, CALL);
+                callable = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+                PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
+                DEOPT_IF(PyFunction_Check(callable_o), CALL);
+                DEOPT_IF(Py_TYPE(callable_o) == &PyMethod_Type, CALL);
             }
             // _CALL_NON_PY_GENERAL
-            args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
-            self_or_null = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
             {
+                args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
+                self_or_null = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
                 #if TIER_ONE
                 assert(opcode != INSTRUMENTED_CALL);
                 #endif
+                PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
                 int total_args = oparg;
-                if (self_or_null != NULL) {
+                if (!PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])) {
                     args--;
                     total_args++;
                 }
                 /* Callable is not a normal Python function */
-                res = PyObject_Vectorcall(
-                                      callable, args,
-                                      total_args | PY_VECTORCALL_ARGUMENTS_OFFSET,
-                                      NULL);
-                assert((res != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
-                Py_DECREF(callable);
+                STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS(args, total_args, args_o);
+                if (CONVERSION_FAILED(args_o)) {
+                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
+                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(self_or_null[0]);
+                    for (int _i = oparg; --_i >= 0;) {
+                        PyStackRef_CLOSE(args[_i]);
+                    }
+                    {
+                        stack_pointer += -2 - oparg;
+                        assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                        goto error;
+                    }
+                }
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                PyObject *res_o = PyObject_Vectorcall(
+                    callable_o, args_o,
+                    total_args | PY_VECTORCALL_ARGUMENTS_OFFSET,
+                    NULL);
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS_CLEANUP(args_o);
+                assert((res_o != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
                 for (int i = 0; i < total_args; i++) {
-                    Py_DECREF(args[i]);
+                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(args[i]);
+                }
+                if (res_o == NULL) {
+                    stack_pointer += -2 - oparg;
+                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                    goto error;
                 }
-                if (res == NULL) { stack_pointer += -2 - oparg; goto error; }
+                res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
             }
             // _CHECK_PERIODIC
             {
+                _Py_CHECK_EMSCRIPTEN_SIGNALS_PERIODICALLY();
+                QSBR_QUIESCENT_STATE(tstate);
+                if (_Py_atomic_load_uintptr_relaxed(&tstate->eval_breaker) & _PY_EVAL_EVENTS_MASK) {
+                    stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
+                    stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
+                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                    int err = _Py_HandlePending(tstate);
+                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                    if (err != 0) goto error;
+                    stack_pointer += 1 + oparg;
+                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                }
             }
             stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
-            CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
         TARGET(CALL_PY_EXACT_ARGS) {
-            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
+            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 4;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(CALL_PY_EXACT_ARGS);
             static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL == 3, "incorrect cache size");
-            PyObject *callable;
-            PyObject *self_or_null;
-            PyObject **args;
+            _PyStackRef *callable;
+            _PyStackRef *self_or_null;
+            _PyStackRef *args;
             _PyInterpreterFrame *new_frame;
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
             // _CHECK_PEP_523
@@ -1874,38 +2811,39 @@
                 DEOPT_IF(tstate->interp->eval_frame, CALL);
             }
             // _CHECK_FUNCTION_VERSION
-            callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
             {
+                callable = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
                 uint32_t func_version = read_u32(&this_instr[2].cache);
-                DEOPT_IF(!PyFunction_Check(callable), CALL);
-                PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)callable;
+                PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
+                DEOPT_IF(!PyFunction_Check(callable_o), CALL);
+                PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)callable_o;
                 DEOPT_IF(func->func_version != func_version, CALL);
             }
             // _CHECK_FUNCTION_EXACT_ARGS
-            self_or_null = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
             {
-                assert(PyFunction_Check(callable));
-                PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)callable;
+                self_or_null = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
+                PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
+                assert(PyFunction_Check(callable_o));
+                PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)callable_o;
                 PyCodeObject *code = (PyCodeObject *)func->func_code;
-                DEOPT_IF(code->co_argcount != oparg + (self_or_null != NULL), CALL);
+                DEOPT_IF(code->co_argcount != oparg + (!PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])), CALL);
             }
             // _CHECK_STACK_SPACE
             {
-                PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)callable;
+                PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
+                PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)callable_o;
                 PyCodeObject *code = (PyCodeObject *)func->func_code;
                 DEOPT_IF(!_PyThreadState_HasStackSpace(tstate, code->co_framesize), CALL);
                 DEOPT_IF(tstate->py_recursion_remaining <= 1, CALL);
             }
             // _INIT_CALL_PY_EXACT_ARGS
-            args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
-            self_or_null = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
             {
-                int has_self = (self_or_null != NULL);
+                args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
+                int has_self = !PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0]);
                 STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
-                PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)callable;
-                new_frame = _PyFrame_PushUnchecked(tstate, func, oparg + has_self);
-                PyObject **first_non_self_local = new_frame->localsplus + has_self;
-                new_frame->localsplus[0] = self_or_null;
+                new_frame = _PyFrame_PushUnchecked(tstate, callable[0], oparg + has_self, frame);
+                _PyStackRef *first_non_self_local = new_frame->localsplus + has_self;
+                new_frame->localsplus[0] = self_or_null[0];
                 for (int i = 0; i < oparg; i++) {
                     first_non_self_local[i] = args[i];
                 }
@@ -1924,11 +2862,13 @@
                 // Write it out explicitly because it's subtly different.
                 // Eventually this should be the only occurrence of this code.
                 assert(tstate->interp->eval_frame == NULL);
+                _PyInterpreterFrame *temp = new_frame;
                 stack_pointer += -2 - oparg;
+                assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                 _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
-                new_frame->previous = frame;
+                assert(new_frame->previous == frame || new_frame->previous->previous == frame);
                 CALL_STAT_INC(inlined_py_calls);
-                frame = tstate->current_frame = new_frame;
+                frame = tstate->current_frame = temp;
                 tstate->py_recursion_remaining--;
                 LOAD_SP();
                 LOAD_IP(0);
@@ -1938,13 +2878,13 @@
         }
 
         TARGET(CALL_PY_GENERAL) {
-            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
+            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 4;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(CALL_PY_GENERAL);
             static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL == 3, "incorrect cache size");
-            PyObject *callable;
-            PyObject **args;
-            PyObject *self_or_null;
+            _PyStackRef *callable;
+            _PyStackRef *self_or_null;
+            _PyStackRef *args;
             _PyInterpreterFrame *new_frame;
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
             // _CHECK_PEP_523
@@ -1952,36 +2892,41 @@
                 DEOPT_IF(tstate->interp->eval_frame, CALL);
             }
             // _CHECK_FUNCTION_VERSION
-            callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
             {
+                callable = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
                 uint32_t func_version = read_u32(&this_instr[2].cache);
-                DEOPT_IF(!PyFunction_Check(callable), CALL);
-                PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)callable;
+                PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
+                DEOPT_IF(!PyFunction_Check(callable_o), CALL);
+                PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)callable_o;
                 DEOPT_IF(func->func_version != func_version, CALL);
             }
             // _PY_FRAME_GENERAL
-            args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
-            self_or_null = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
             {
+                args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
+                self_or_null = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
+                PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
                 // oparg counts all of the args, but *not* self:
                 int total_args = oparg;
-                if (self_or_null != NULL) {
+                if (!PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])) {
                     args--;
                     total_args++;
                 }
-                assert(Py_TYPE(callable) == &PyFunction_Type);
-                int code_flags = ((PyCodeObject*)PyFunction_GET_CODE(callable))->co_flags;
-                PyObject *locals = code_flags & CO_OPTIMIZED ? NULL : Py_NewRef(PyFunction_GET_GLOBALS(callable));
-                new_frame = _PyEvalFramePushAndInit(
-                    tstate, (PyFunctionObject *)callable, locals,
-                    args, total_args, NULL
+                assert(Py_TYPE(callable_o) == &PyFunction_Type);
+                int code_flags = ((PyCodeObject*)PyFunction_GET_CODE(callable_o))->co_flags;
+                PyObject *locals = code_flags & CO_OPTIMIZED ? NULL : Py_NewRef(PyFunction_GET_GLOBALS(callable_o));
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                _PyInterpreterFrame *temp = _PyEvalFramePushAndInit(
+                    tstate, callable[0], locals,
+                    args, total_args, NULL, frame
                 );
-                // The frame has stolen all the arguments from the stack,
-                // so there is no need to clean them up.
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                // The frame has stolen all the arguments from the stack.
                 stack_pointer += -2 - oparg;
-                if (new_frame == NULL) {
+                assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                if (temp == NULL) {
                     goto error;
                 }
+                new_frame = temp;
             }
             // _SAVE_RETURN_OFFSET
             {
@@ -1997,10 +2942,11 @@
                 // Write it out explicitly because it's subtly different.
                 // Eventually this should be the only occurrence of this code.
                 assert(tstate->interp->eval_frame == NULL);
+                _PyInterpreterFrame *temp = new_frame;
                 _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
-                new_frame->previous = frame;
+                assert(new_frame->previous == frame || new_frame->previous->previous == frame);
                 CALL_STAT_INC(inlined_py_calls);
-                frame = tstate->current_frame = new_frame;
+                frame = tstate->current_frame = temp;
                 tstate->py_recursion_remaining--;
                 LOAD_SP();
                 LOAD_IP(0);
@@ -2014,31 +2960,49 @@
             next_instr += 4;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(CALL_STR_1);
             static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL == 3, "incorrect cache size");
-            PyObject *arg;
-            PyObject *null;
-            PyObject *callable;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef callable;
+            _PyStackRef null;
+            _PyStackRef arg;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
             /* Skip 2 cache entries */
             // _CALL_STR_1
-            arg = stack_pointer[-1];
-            null = stack_pointer[-2];
-            callable = stack_pointer[-3];
             {
+                arg = stack_pointer[-1];
+                null = stack_pointer[-2];
+                callable = stack_pointer[-3];
+                PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable);
+                PyObject *arg_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(arg);
                 assert(oparg == 1);
-                DEOPT_IF(null != NULL, CALL);
-                DEOPT_IF(callable != (PyObject *)&PyUnicode_Type, CALL);
+                DEOPT_IF(!PyStackRef_IsNull(null), CALL);
+                DEOPT_IF(callable_o != (PyObject *)&PyUnicode_Type, CALL);
                 STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
-                res = PyObject_Str(arg);
-                Py_DECREF(arg);
-                if (res == NULL) goto pop_3_error;
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                PyObject *res_o = PyObject_Str(arg_o);
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(arg);
+                if (res_o == NULL) goto pop_3_error;
+                res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
             }
             // _CHECK_PERIODIC
             {
+                _Py_CHECK_EMSCRIPTEN_SIGNALS_PERIODICALLY();
+                QSBR_QUIESCENT_STATE(tstate);
+                if (_Py_atomic_load_uintptr_relaxed(&tstate->eval_breaker) & _PY_EVAL_EVENTS_MASK) {
+                    stack_pointer[-3] = res;
+                    stack_pointer += -2;
+                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                    int err = _Py_HandlePending(tstate);
+                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                    if (err != 0) goto error;
+                    stack_pointer += 2;
+                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                }
             }
             stack_pointer[-3] = res;
             stack_pointer += -2;
-            CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -2047,31 +3011,49 @@
             next_instr += 4;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(CALL_TUPLE_1);
             static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL == 3, "incorrect cache size");
-            PyObject *arg;
-            PyObject *null;
-            PyObject *callable;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef callable;
+            _PyStackRef null;
+            _PyStackRef arg;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
             /* Skip 2 cache entries */
             // _CALL_TUPLE_1
-            arg = stack_pointer[-1];
-            null = stack_pointer[-2];
-            callable = stack_pointer[-3];
             {
+                arg = stack_pointer[-1];
+                null = stack_pointer[-2];
+                callable = stack_pointer[-3];
+                PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable);
+                PyObject *arg_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(arg);
                 assert(oparg == 1);
-                DEOPT_IF(null != NULL, CALL);
-                DEOPT_IF(callable != (PyObject *)&PyTuple_Type, CALL);
+                DEOPT_IF(!PyStackRef_IsNull(null), CALL);
+                DEOPT_IF(callable_o != (PyObject *)&PyTuple_Type, CALL);
                 STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
-                res = PySequence_Tuple(arg);
-                Py_DECREF(arg);
-                if (res == NULL) goto pop_3_error;
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                PyObject *res_o = PySequence_Tuple(arg_o);
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(arg);
+                if (res_o == NULL) goto pop_3_error;
+                res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
             }
             // _CHECK_PERIODIC
             {
+                _Py_CHECK_EMSCRIPTEN_SIGNALS_PERIODICALLY();
+                QSBR_QUIESCENT_STATE(tstate);
+                if (_Py_atomic_load_uintptr_relaxed(&tstate->eval_breaker) & _PY_EVAL_EVENTS_MASK) {
+                    stack_pointer[-3] = res;
+                    stack_pointer += -2;
+                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                    int err = _Py_HandlePending(tstate);
+                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                    if (err != 0) goto error;
+                    stack_pointer += 2;
+                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                }
             }
             stack_pointer[-3] = res;
             stack_pointer += -2;
-            CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -2080,23 +3062,26 @@
             next_instr += 4;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(CALL_TYPE_1);
             static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL == 3, "incorrect cache size");
-            PyObject *arg;
-            PyObject *null;
-            PyObject *callable;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef callable;
+            _PyStackRef null;
+            _PyStackRef arg;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
             /* Skip 2 cache entries */
             arg = stack_pointer[-1];
             null = stack_pointer[-2];
             callable = stack_pointer[-3];
+            PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable);
+            PyObject *arg_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(arg);
             assert(oparg == 1);
-            DEOPT_IF(null != NULL, CALL);
-            DEOPT_IF(callable != (PyObject *)&PyType_Type, CALL);
+            DEOPT_IF(!PyStackRef_IsNull(null), CALL);
+            DEOPT_IF(callable_o != (PyObject *)&PyType_Type, CALL);
             STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
-            res = Py_NewRef(Py_TYPE(arg));
-            Py_DECREF(arg);
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(Py_NewRef(Py_TYPE(arg_o)));
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(arg);
             stack_pointer[-3] = res;
             stack_pointer += -2;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -2104,29 +3089,44 @@
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(CHECK_EG_MATCH);
-            PyObject *match_type;
-            PyObject *exc_value;
-            PyObject *rest;
-            PyObject *match;
-            match_type = stack_pointer[-1];
-            exc_value = stack_pointer[-2];
-            if (_PyEval_CheckExceptStarTypeValid(tstate, match_type) < 0) {
-                Py_DECREF(exc_value);
-                Py_DECREF(match_type);
-                if (true) goto pop_2_error;
-            }
-            match = NULL;
-            rest = NULL;
+            _PyStackRef exc_value_st;
+            _PyStackRef match_type_st;
+            _PyStackRef rest;
+            _PyStackRef match;
+            match_type_st = stack_pointer[-1];
+            exc_value_st = stack_pointer[-2];
+            PyObject *exc_value = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(exc_value_st);
+            PyObject *match_type = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(match_type_st);
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            int err = _PyEval_CheckExceptStarTypeValid(tstate, match_type);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            if (err < 0) {
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(exc_value_st);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(match_type_st);
+                goto pop_2_error;
+            }
+            PyObject *match_o = NULL;
+            PyObject *rest_o = NULL;
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
             int res = _PyEval_ExceptionGroupMatch(exc_value, match_type,
-                &match, &rest);
-            Py_DECREF(exc_value);
-            Py_DECREF(match_type);
+                &match_o, &rest_o);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(exc_value_st);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(match_type_st);
             if (res < 0) goto pop_2_error;
-            assert((match == NULL) == (rest == NULL));
-            if (match == NULL) goto pop_2_error;
-            if (!Py_IsNone(match)) {
-                PyErr_SetHandledException(match);
+            assert((match_o == NULL) == (rest_o == NULL));
+            if (match_o == NULL) goto pop_2_error;
+            if (!Py_IsNone(match_o)) {
+                stack_pointer += -2;
+                assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                PyErr_SetHandledException(match_o);
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                stack_pointer += 2;
+                assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             }
+            rest = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(rest_o);
+            match = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(match_o);
             stack_pointer[-2] = rest;
             stack_pointer[-1] = match;
             DISPATCH();
@@ -2136,53 +3136,67 @@
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(CHECK_EXC_MATCH);
-            PyObject *right;
-            PyObject *left;
-            PyObject *b;
+            _PyStackRef left;
+            _PyStackRef right;
+            _PyStackRef b;
             right = stack_pointer[-1];
             left = stack_pointer[-2];
-            assert(PyExceptionInstance_Check(left));
-            if (_PyEval_CheckExceptTypeValid(tstate, right) < 0) {
-                Py_DECREF(right);
-                if (true) goto pop_1_error;
-            }
-            int res = PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(left, right);
-            Py_DECREF(right);
-            b = res ? Py_True : Py_False;
+            PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
+            PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
+            assert(PyExceptionInstance_Check(left_o));
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            int err = _PyEval_CheckExceptTypeValid(tstate, right_o);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            if (err < 0) {
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(right);
+                goto pop_1_error;
+            }
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            int res = PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(left_o, right_o);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(right);
+            b = res ? PyStackRef_True : PyStackRef_False;
             stack_pointer[-1] = b;
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
         TARGET(CLEANUP_THROW) {
-            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
+            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             (void)this_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(CLEANUP_THROW);
-            PyObject *exc_value;
-            PyObject *last_sent_val;
-            PyObject *sub_iter;
-            PyObject *none;
-            PyObject *value;
-            exc_value = stack_pointer[-1];
-            last_sent_val = stack_pointer[-2];
-            sub_iter = stack_pointer[-3];
+            _PyStackRef sub_iter_st;
+            _PyStackRef last_sent_val_st;
+            _PyStackRef exc_value_st;
+            _PyStackRef none;
+            _PyStackRef value;
+            exc_value_st = stack_pointer[-1];
+            last_sent_val_st = stack_pointer[-2];
+            sub_iter_st = stack_pointer[-3];
+            PyObject *exc_value = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(exc_value_st);
             assert(throwflag);
             assert(exc_value && PyExceptionInstance_Check(exc_value));
-            if (PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(exc_value, PyExc_StopIteration)) {
-                value = Py_NewRef(((PyStopIterationObject *)exc_value)->value);
-                Py_DECREF(sub_iter);
-                Py_DECREF(last_sent_val);
-                Py_DECREF(exc_value);
-                none = Py_None;
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            int matches = PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(exc_value, PyExc_StopIteration);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            if (matches) {
+                none = PyStackRef_None;
+                value = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(((PyStopIterationObject *)exc_value)->value);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(sub_iter_st);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(last_sent_val_st);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(exc_value_st);
             }
             else {
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                 _PyErr_SetRaisedException(tstate, Py_NewRef(exc_value));
                 monitor_reraise(tstate, frame, this_instr);
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                 goto exception_unwind;
             }
             stack_pointer[-3] = none;
             stack_pointer[-2] = value;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -2191,43 +3205,59 @@
             next_instr += 2;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(COMPARE_OP);
             PREDICTED(COMPARE_OP);
-            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = next_instr - 2;
+            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = next_instr - 2;
             (void)this_instr;
-            PyObject *right;
-            PyObject *left;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef left;
+            _PyStackRef right;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             // _SPECIALIZE_COMPARE_OP
-            right = stack_pointer[-1];
-            left = stack_pointer[-2];
             {
+                right = stack_pointer[-1];
+                left = stack_pointer[-2];
                 uint16_t counter = read_u16(&this_instr[1].cache);
                 (void)counter;
                 #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
                 if (ADAPTIVE_COUNTER_TRIGGERS(counter)) {
                     next_instr = this_instr;
+                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                     _Py_Specialize_CompareOp(left, right, next_instr, oparg);
+                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                     DISPATCH_SAME_OPARG();
                 }
-                STAT_INC(COMPARE_OP, deferred);
+                OPCODE_DEFERRED_INC(COMPARE_OP);
                 ADVANCE_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(this_instr[1].counter);
                 #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
             }
             // _COMPARE_OP
             {
+                PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
+                PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
                 assert((oparg >> 5) <= Py_GE);
-                res = PyObject_RichCompare(left, right, oparg >> 5);
-                Py_DECREF(left);
-                Py_DECREF(right);
-                if (res == NULL) goto pop_2_error;
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                PyObject *res_o = PyObject_RichCompare(left_o, right_o, oparg >> 5);
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(left);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(right);
+                if (res_o == NULL) goto pop_2_error;
                 if (oparg & 16) {
-                    int res_bool = PyObject_IsTrue(res);
-                    Py_DECREF(res);
-                    if (res_bool < 0) goto pop_2_error;
-                    res = res_bool ? Py_True : Py_False;
+                    stack_pointer += -2;
+                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                    int res_bool = PyObject_IsTrue(res_o);
+                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                    Py_DECREF(res_o);
+                    if (res_bool < 0) goto error;
+                    res = res_bool ? PyStackRef_True : PyStackRef_False;
+                }
+                else {
+                    res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
+                    stack_pointer += -2;
+                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                 }
             }
-            stack_pointer[-2] = res;
-            stack_pointer += -1;
+            stack_pointer[0] = res;
+            stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -2236,31 +3266,36 @@
             next_instr += 2;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(COMPARE_OP_FLOAT);
             static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_COMPARE_OP == 1, "incorrect cache size");
-            PyObject *right;
-            PyObject *left;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef left;
+            _PyStackRef right;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             // _GUARD_BOTH_FLOAT
-            right = stack_pointer[-1];
-            left = stack_pointer[-2];
             {
-                DEOPT_IF(!PyFloat_CheckExact(left), COMPARE_OP);
-                DEOPT_IF(!PyFloat_CheckExact(right), COMPARE_OP);
+                right = stack_pointer[-1];
+                left = stack_pointer[-2];
+                PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
+                PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
+                DEOPT_IF(!PyFloat_CheckExact(left_o), COMPARE_OP);
+                DEOPT_IF(!PyFloat_CheckExact(right_o), COMPARE_OP);
             }
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
             // _COMPARE_OP_FLOAT
             {
+                PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
+                PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
                 STAT_INC(COMPARE_OP, hit);
-                double dleft = PyFloat_AS_DOUBLE(left);
-                double dright = PyFloat_AS_DOUBLE(right);
+                double dleft = PyFloat_AS_DOUBLE(left_o);
+                double dright = PyFloat_AS_DOUBLE(right_o);
                 // 1 if NaN, 2 if <, 4 if >, 8 if ==; this matches low four bits of the oparg
                 int sign_ish = COMPARISON_BIT(dleft, dright);
-                _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(left, _PyFloat_ExactDealloc);
-                _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(right, _PyFloat_ExactDealloc);
-                res = (sign_ish & oparg) ? Py_True : Py_False;
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED(left, _PyFloat_ExactDealloc);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED(right, _PyFloat_ExactDealloc);
+                res = (sign_ish & oparg) ? PyStackRef_True : PyStackRef_False;
                 // It's always a bool, so we don't care about oparg & 16.
             }
             stack_pointer[-2] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -2269,35 +3304,40 @@
             next_instr += 2;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(COMPARE_OP_INT);
             static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_COMPARE_OP == 1, "incorrect cache size");
-            PyObject *right;
-            PyObject *left;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef left;
+            _PyStackRef right;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             // _GUARD_BOTH_INT
-            right = stack_pointer[-1];
-            left = stack_pointer[-2];
             {
-                DEOPT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(left), COMPARE_OP);
-                DEOPT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(right), COMPARE_OP);
+                right = stack_pointer[-1];
+                left = stack_pointer[-2];
+                PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
+                PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
+                DEOPT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(left_o), COMPARE_OP);
+                DEOPT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(right_o), COMPARE_OP);
             }
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
             // _COMPARE_OP_INT
             {
-                DEOPT_IF(!_PyLong_IsCompact((PyLongObject *)left), COMPARE_OP);
-                DEOPT_IF(!_PyLong_IsCompact((PyLongObject *)right), COMPARE_OP);
+                PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
+                PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
+                DEOPT_IF(!_PyLong_IsCompact((PyLongObject *)left_o), COMPARE_OP);
+                DEOPT_IF(!_PyLong_IsCompact((PyLongObject *)right_o), COMPARE_OP);
                 STAT_INC(COMPARE_OP, hit);
-                assert(_PyLong_DigitCount((PyLongObject *)left) <= 1 &&
-                   _PyLong_DigitCount((PyLongObject *)right) <= 1);
-                Py_ssize_t ileft = _PyLong_CompactValue((PyLongObject *)left);
-                Py_ssize_t iright = _PyLong_CompactValue((PyLongObject *)right);
+                assert(_PyLong_DigitCount((PyLongObject *)left_o) <= 1 &&
+                   _PyLong_DigitCount((PyLongObject *)right_o) <= 1);
+                Py_ssize_t ileft = _PyLong_CompactValue((PyLongObject *)left_o);
+                Py_ssize_t iright = _PyLong_CompactValue((PyLongObject *)right_o);
                 // 2 if <, 4 if >, 8 if ==; this matches the low 4 bits of the oparg
                 int sign_ish = COMPARISON_BIT(ileft, iright);
-                _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(left, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
-                _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(right, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
-                res = (sign_ish & oparg) ? Py_True : Py_False;
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED(left, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED(right, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
+                res =  (sign_ish & oparg) ? PyStackRef_True : PyStackRef_False;
                 // It's always a bool, so we don't care about oparg & 16.
             }
             stack_pointer[-2] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -2306,32 +3346,37 @@
             next_instr += 2;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(COMPARE_OP_STR);
             static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_COMPARE_OP == 1, "incorrect cache size");
-            PyObject *right;
-            PyObject *left;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef left;
+            _PyStackRef right;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             // _GUARD_BOTH_UNICODE
-            right = stack_pointer[-1];
-            left = stack_pointer[-2];
             {
-                DEOPT_IF(!PyUnicode_CheckExact(left), COMPARE_OP);
-                DEOPT_IF(!PyUnicode_CheckExact(right), COMPARE_OP);
+                right = stack_pointer[-1];
+                left = stack_pointer[-2];
+                PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
+                PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
+                DEOPT_IF(!PyUnicode_CheckExact(left_o), COMPARE_OP);
+                DEOPT_IF(!PyUnicode_CheckExact(right_o), COMPARE_OP);
             }
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
             // _COMPARE_OP_STR
             {
+                PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
+                PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
                 STAT_INC(COMPARE_OP, hit);
-                int eq = _PyUnicode_Equal(left, right);
+                int eq = _PyUnicode_Equal(left_o, right_o);
                 assert((oparg >> 5) == Py_EQ || (oparg >> 5) == Py_NE);
-                _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(left, _PyUnicode_ExactDealloc);
-                _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(right, _PyUnicode_ExactDealloc);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED(left, _PyUnicode_ExactDealloc);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED(right, _PyUnicode_ExactDealloc);
                 assert(eq == 0 || eq == 1);
                 assert((oparg & 0xf) == COMPARISON_NOT_EQUALS || (oparg & 0xf) == COMPARISON_EQUALS);
                 assert(COMPARISON_NOT_EQUALS + 1 == COMPARISON_EQUALS);
-                res = ((COMPARISON_NOT_EQUALS + eq) & oparg) ? Py_True : Py_False;
+                res = ((COMPARISON_NOT_EQUALS + eq) & oparg) ? PyStackRef_True : PyStackRef_False;
                 // It's always a bool, so we don't care about oparg & 16.
             }
             stack_pointer[-2] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -2340,37 +3385,44 @@
             next_instr += 2;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(CONTAINS_OP);
             PREDICTED(CONTAINS_OP);
-            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = next_instr - 2;
+            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = next_instr - 2;
             (void)this_instr;
-            PyObject *right;
-            PyObject *left;
-            PyObject *b;
+            _PyStackRef left;
+            _PyStackRef right;
+            _PyStackRef b;
             // _SPECIALIZE_CONTAINS_OP
-            right = stack_pointer[-1];
-            left = stack_pointer[-2];
             {
+                right = stack_pointer[-1];
                 uint16_t counter = read_u16(&this_instr[1].cache);
                 (void)counter;
                 #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
                 if (ADAPTIVE_COUNTER_TRIGGERS(counter)) {
                     next_instr = this_instr;
+                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                     _Py_Specialize_ContainsOp(right, next_instr);
+                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                     DISPATCH_SAME_OPARG();
                 }
-                STAT_INC(CONTAINS_OP, deferred);
+                OPCODE_DEFERRED_INC(CONTAINS_OP);
                 ADVANCE_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(this_instr[1].counter);
                 #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
             }
             // _CONTAINS_OP
             {
-                int res = PySequence_Contains(right, left);
-                Py_DECREF(left);
-                Py_DECREF(right);
+                left = stack_pointer[-2];
+                PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
+                PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                int res = PySequence_Contains(right_o, left_o);
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(left);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(right);
                 if (res < 0) goto pop_2_error;
-                b = (res ^ oparg) ? Py_True : Py_False;
+                b = (res ^ oparg) ? PyStackRef_True : PyStackRef_False;
             }
             stack_pointer[-2] = b;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -2379,21 +3431,26 @@
             next_instr += 2;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(CONTAINS_OP_DICT);
             static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CONTAINS_OP == 1, "incorrect cache size");
-            PyObject *right;
-            PyObject *left;
-            PyObject *b;
+            _PyStackRef left;
+            _PyStackRef right;
+            _PyStackRef b;
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
             right = stack_pointer[-1];
             left = stack_pointer[-2];
-            DEOPT_IF(!PyDict_CheckExact(right), CONTAINS_OP);
+            PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
+            PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
+            DEOPT_IF(!PyDict_CheckExact(right_o), CONTAINS_OP);
             STAT_INC(CONTAINS_OP, hit);
-            int res = PyDict_Contains(right, left);
-            Py_DECREF(left);
-            Py_DECREF(right);
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            int res = PyDict_Contains(right_o, left_o);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(left);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(right);
             if (res < 0) goto pop_2_error;
-            b = (res ^ oparg) ? Py_True : Py_False;
+            b = (res ^ oparg) ? PyStackRef_True : PyStackRef_False;
             stack_pointer[-2] = b;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -2402,22 +3459,27 @@
             next_instr += 2;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(CONTAINS_OP_SET);
             static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CONTAINS_OP == 1, "incorrect cache size");
-            PyObject *right;
-            PyObject *left;
-            PyObject *b;
+            _PyStackRef left;
+            _PyStackRef right;
+            _PyStackRef b;
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
             right = stack_pointer[-1];
             left = stack_pointer[-2];
-            DEOPT_IF(!(PySet_CheckExact(right) || PyFrozenSet_CheckExact(right)), CONTAINS_OP);
+            PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
+            PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
+            DEOPT_IF(!(PySet_CheckExact(right_o) || PyFrozenSet_CheckExact(right_o)), CONTAINS_OP);
             STAT_INC(CONTAINS_OP, hit);
             // Note: both set and frozenset use the same seq_contains method!
-            int res = _PySet_Contains((PySetObject *)right, left);
-            Py_DECREF(left);
-            Py_DECREF(right);
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            int res = _PySet_Contains((PySetObject *)right_o, left_o);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(left);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(right);
             if (res < 0) goto pop_2_error;
-            b = (res ^ oparg) ? Py_True : Py_False;
+            b = (res ^ oparg) ? PyStackRef_True : PyStackRef_False;
             stack_pointer[-2] = b;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -2425,15 +3487,18 @@
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(CONVERT_VALUE);
-            PyObject *value;
-            PyObject *result;
+            _PyStackRef value;
+            _PyStackRef result;
             value = stack_pointer[-1];
             conversion_func conv_fn;
             assert(oparg >= FVC_STR && oparg <= FVC_ASCII);
             conv_fn = _PyEval_ConversionFuncs[oparg];
-            result = conv_fn(value);
-            Py_DECREF(value);
-            if (result == NULL) goto pop_1_error;
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            PyObject *result_o = conv_fn(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(value));
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(value);
+            if (result_o == NULL) goto pop_1_error;
+            result = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(result_o);
             stack_pointer[-1] = result;
             DISPATCH();
         }
@@ -2442,13 +3507,14 @@
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(COPY);
-            PyObject *bottom;
-            PyObject *top;
+            _PyStackRef bottom;
+            _PyStackRef top;
             bottom = stack_pointer[-1 - (oparg-1)];
             assert(oparg > 0);
-            top = Py_NewRef(bottom);
+            top = PyStackRef_DUP(bottom);
             stack_pointer[0] = top;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -2458,13 +3524,14 @@
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(COPY_FREE_VARS);
             /* Copy closure variables to free variables */
             PyCodeObject *co = _PyFrame_GetCode(frame);
-            assert(PyFunction_Check(frame->f_funcobj));
-            PyObject *closure = ((PyFunctionObject *)frame->f_funcobj)->func_closure;
+            assert(PyStackRef_FunctionCheck(frame->f_funcobj));
+            PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(frame->f_funcobj);
+            PyObject *closure = func->func_closure;
             assert(oparg == co->co_nfreevars);
             int offset = co->co_nlocalsplus - oparg;
             for (int i = 0; i < oparg; ++i) {
                 PyObject *o = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(closure, i);
-                frame->localsplus[offset + i] = Py_NewRef(o);
+                frame->localsplus[offset + i] = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(o);
             }
             DISPATCH();
         }
@@ -2473,13 +3540,16 @@
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(DELETE_ATTR);
-            PyObject *owner;
+            _PyStackRef owner;
             owner = stack_pointer[-1];
             PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg);
-            int err = PyObject_DelAttr(owner, name);
-            Py_DECREF(owner);
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            int err = PyObject_DelAttr(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner), name);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(owner);
             if (err) goto pop_1_error;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -2487,12 +3557,14 @@
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(DELETE_DEREF);
-            PyObject *cell = GETLOCAL(oparg);
+            PyObject *cell = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(GETLOCAL(oparg));
             // Can't use ERROR_IF here.
             // Fortunately we don't need its superpower.
             PyObject *oldobj = PyCell_SwapTakeRef((PyCellObject *)cell, NULL);
             if (oldobj == NULL) {
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                 _PyEval_FormatExcUnbound(tstate, _PyFrame_GetCode(frame), oparg);
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                 goto error;
             }
             Py_DECREF(oldobj);
@@ -2503,15 +3575,17 @@
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(DELETE_FAST);
-            PyObject *v = GETLOCAL(oparg);
-            if (v == NULL) {
+            _PyStackRef v = GETLOCAL(oparg);
+            if (PyStackRef_IsNull(v)) {
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                 _PyEval_FormatExcCheckArg(tstate, PyExc_UnboundLocalError,
                     UNBOUNDLOCAL_ERROR_MSG,
                     PyTuple_GetItem(_PyFrame_GetCode(frame)->co_localsplusnames, oparg)
                 );
-                if (1) goto error;
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                goto error;
             }
-            SETLOCAL(oparg, NULL);
+            SETLOCAL(oparg, PyStackRef_NULL);
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -2520,14 +3594,18 @@
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(DELETE_GLOBAL);
             PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg);
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
             int err = PyDict_Pop(GLOBALS(), name, NULL);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
             // Can't use ERROR_IF here.
             if (err < 0) {
                 goto error;
             }
             if (err == 0) {
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                 _PyEval_FormatExcCheckArg(tstate, PyExc_NameError,
                     NAME_ERROR_MSG, name);
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                 goto error;
             }
             DISPATCH();
@@ -2541,16 +3619,22 @@
             PyObject *ns = LOCALS();
             int err;
             if (ns == NULL) {
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                 _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_SystemError,
                               "no locals when deleting %R", name);
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                 goto error;
             }
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
             err = PyObject_DelItem(ns, name);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
             // Can't use ERROR_IF here.
             if (err != 0) {
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                 _PyEval_FormatExcCheckArg(tstate, PyExc_NameError,
                     NAME_ERROR_MSG,
                     name);
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                 goto error;
             }
             DISPATCH();
@@ -2560,16 +3644,20 @@
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(DELETE_SUBSCR);
-            PyObject *sub;
-            PyObject *container;
+            _PyStackRef container;
+            _PyStackRef sub;
             sub = stack_pointer[-1];
             container = stack_pointer[-2];
             /* del container[sub] */
-            int err = PyObject_DelItem(container, sub);
-            Py_DECREF(container);
-            Py_DECREF(sub);
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            int err = PyObject_DelItem(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(container),
+                                       PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(sub));
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(container);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(sub);
             if (err) goto pop_2_error;
             stack_pointer += -2;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -2577,19 +3665,28 @@
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(DICT_MERGE);
-            PyObject *update;
-            PyObject *dict;
-            PyObject *callable;
+            _PyStackRef callable;
+            _PyStackRef dict;
+            _PyStackRef update;
             update = stack_pointer[-1];
             dict = stack_pointer[-2 - (oparg - 1)];
             callable = stack_pointer[-5 - (oparg - 1)];
-            if (_PyDict_MergeEx(dict, update, 2) < 0) {
-                _PyEval_FormatKwargsError(tstate, callable, update);
-                Py_DECREF(update);
-                if (true) goto pop_1_error;
+            PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable);
+            PyObject *dict_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(dict);
+            PyObject *update_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(update);
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            int err = _PyDict_MergeEx(dict_o, update_o, 2);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            if (err < 0) {
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                _PyEval_FormatKwargsError(tstate, callable_o, update_o);
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(update);
+                goto pop_1_error;
             }
-            Py_DECREF(update);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(update);
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -2597,45 +3694,63 @@
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(DICT_UPDATE);
-            PyObject *update;
-            PyObject *dict;
+            _PyStackRef dict;
+            _PyStackRef update;
             update = stack_pointer[-1];
             dict = stack_pointer[-2 - (oparg - 1)];
-            if (PyDict_Update(dict, update) < 0) {
-                if (_PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_AttributeError)) {
+            PyObject *dict_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(dict);
+            PyObject *update_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(update);
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            int err = PyDict_Update(dict_o, update_o);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            if (err < 0) {
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                int matches = _PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_AttributeError);
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                if (matches) {
+                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                     _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
                                   "'%.200s' object is not a mapping",
-                                  Py_TYPE(update)->tp_name);
+                                  Py_TYPE(update_o)->tp_name);
+                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                 }
-                Py_DECREF(update);
-                if (true) goto pop_1_error;
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(update);
+                goto pop_1_error;
             }
-            Py_DECREF(update);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(update);
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
         TARGET(END_ASYNC_FOR) {
-            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
+            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             (void)this_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(END_ASYNC_FOR);
-            PyObject *exc;
-            PyObject *awaitable;
-            exc = stack_pointer[-1];
-            awaitable = stack_pointer[-2];
+            _PyStackRef awaitable_st;
+            _PyStackRef exc_st;
+            exc_st = stack_pointer[-1];
+            awaitable_st = stack_pointer[-2];
+            PyObject *exc = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(exc_st);
             assert(exc && PyExceptionInstance_Check(exc));
-            if (PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(exc, PyExc_StopAsyncIteration)) {
-                Py_DECREF(awaitable);
-                Py_DECREF(exc);
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            int matches = PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(exc, PyExc_StopAsyncIteration);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            if (matches) {
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(awaitable_st);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(exc_st);
             }
             else {
                 Py_INCREF(exc);
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                 _PyErr_SetRaisedException(tstate, exc);
                 monitor_reraise(tstate, frame, this_instr);
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                 goto exception_unwind;
             }
             stack_pointer += -2;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -2643,10 +3758,11 @@
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(END_FOR);
-            PyObject *value;
+            _PyStackRef value;
             value = stack_pointer[-1];
-            Py_DECREF(value);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(value);
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -2654,18 +3770,22 @@
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(END_SEND);
-            PyObject *value;
-            PyObject *receiver;
+            _PyStackRef receiver;
+            _PyStackRef value;
+            _PyStackRef val;
             value = stack_pointer[-1];
             receiver = stack_pointer[-2];
-            Py_DECREF(receiver);
-            stack_pointer[-2] = value;
+            (void)receiver;
+            val = value;
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(receiver);
+            stack_pointer[-2] = val;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
         TARGET(ENTER_EXECUTOR) {
-            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
+            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             (void)this_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(ENTER_EXECUTOR);
@@ -2701,16 +3821,19 @@
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(EXIT_INIT_CHECK);
-            PyObject *should_be_none;
+            _PyStackRef should_be_none;
             should_be_none = stack_pointer[-1];
             assert(STACK_LEVEL() == 2);
-            if (should_be_none != Py_None) {
+            if (!PyStackRef_Is(should_be_none, PyStackRef_None)) {
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                 PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
                              "__init__() should return None, not '%.200s'",
-                             Py_TYPE(should_be_none)->tp_name);
+                             Py_TYPE(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(should_be_none))->tp_name);
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                 goto error;
             }
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -2729,15 +3852,19 @@
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(FORMAT_SIMPLE);
-            PyObject *value;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef value;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             value = stack_pointer[-1];
+            PyObject *value_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(value);
             /* If value is a unicode object, then we know the result
              * of format(value) is value itself. */
-            if (!PyUnicode_CheckExact(value)) {
-                res = PyObject_Format(value, NULL);
-                Py_DECREF(value);
-                if (res == NULL) goto pop_1_error;
+            if (!PyUnicode_CheckExact(value_o)) {
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                PyObject *res_o = PyObject_Format(value_o, NULL);
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(value);
+                if (res_o == NULL) goto pop_1_error;
+                res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
             }
             else {
                 res = value;
@@ -2750,17 +3877,21 @@
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(FORMAT_WITH_SPEC);
-            PyObject *fmt_spec;
-            PyObject *value;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef value;
+            _PyStackRef fmt_spec;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             fmt_spec = stack_pointer[-1];
             value = stack_pointer[-2];
-            res = PyObject_Format(value, fmt_spec);
-            Py_DECREF(value);
-            Py_DECREF(fmt_spec);
-            if (res == NULL) goto pop_2_error;
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            PyObject *res_o = PyObject_Format(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(value), PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(fmt_spec));
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(value);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(fmt_spec);
+            if (res_o == NULL) goto pop_2_error;
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
             stack_pointer[-2] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -2769,50 +3900,62 @@
             next_instr += 2;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(FOR_ITER);
             PREDICTED(FOR_ITER);
-            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = next_instr - 2;
+            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = next_instr - 2;
             (void)this_instr;
-            PyObject *iter;
-            PyObject *next;
+            _PyStackRef iter;
+            _PyStackRef next;
             // _SPECIALIZE_FOR_ITER
-            iter = stack_pointer[-1];
             {
+                iter = stack_pointer[-1];
                 uint16_t counter = read_u16(&this_instr[1].cache);
                 (void)counter;
                 #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
                 if (ADAPTIVE_COUNTER_TRIGGERS(counter)) {
                     next_instr = this_instr;
+                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                     _Py_Specialize_ForIter(iter, next_instr, oparg);
+                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                     DISPATCH_SAME_OPARG();
                 }
-                STAT_INC(FOR_ITER, deferred);
+                OPCODE_DEFERRED_INC(FOR_ITER);
                 ADVANCE_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(this_instr[1].counter);
                 #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
             }
             // _FOR_ITER
             {
                 /* before: [iter]; after: [iter, iter()] *or* [] (and jump over END_FOR.) */
-                next = (*Py_TYPE(iter)->tp_iternext)(iter);
-                if (next == NULL) {
+                PyObject *iter_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(iter);
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                PyObject *next_o = (*Py_TYPE(iter_o)->tp_iternext)(iter_o);
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                if (next_o == NULL) {
                     if (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
-                        if (!_PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_StopIteration)) {
+                        _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                        int matches = _PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_StopIteration);
+                        stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                        if (!matches) {
                             goto error;
                         }
-                        monitor_raise(tstate, frame, this_instr);
+                        _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                        _PyEval_MonitorRaise(tstate, frame, this_instr);
                         _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
+                        stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                     }
                     /* iterator ended normally */
                     assert(next_instr[oparg].op.code == END_FOR ||
                        next_instr[oparg].op.code == INSTRUMENTED_END_FOR);
-                    Py_DECREF(iter);
+                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(iter);
                     STACK_SHRINK(1);
                     /* Jump forward oparg, then skip following END_FOR and POP_TOP instruction */
                     JUMPBY(oparg + 2);
                     DISPATCH();
                 }
+                next = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(next_o);
                 // Common case: no jump, leave it to the code generator
             }
             stack_pointer[0] = next;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -2821,7 +3964,7 @@
             next_instr += 2;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(FOR_ITER_GEN);
             static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_FOR_ITER == 1, "incorrect cache size");
-            PyObject *iter;
+            _PyStackRef iter;
             _PyInterpreterFrame *gen_frame;
             _PyInterpreterFrame *new_frame;
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
@@ -2830,30 +3973,32 @@
                 DEOPT_IF(tstate->interp->eval_frame, FOR_ITER);
             }
             // _FOR_ITER_GEN_FRAME
-            iter = stack_pointer[-1];
             {
-                PyGenObject *gen = (PyGenObject *)iter;
+                iter = stack_pointer[-1];
+                PyGenObject *gen = (PyGenObject *)PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(iter);
                 DEOPT_IF(Py_TYPE(gen) != &PyGen_Type, FOR_ITER);
                 DEOPT_IF(gen->gi_frame_state >= FRAME_EXECUTING, FOR_ITER);
                 STAT_INC(FOR_ITER, hit);
-                gen_frame = (_PyInterpreterFrame *)gen->gi_iframe;
-                _PyFrame_StackPush(gen_frame, Py_None);
+                gen_frame = &gen->gi_iframe;
+                _PyFrame_StackPush(gen_frame, PyStackRef_None);
                 gen->gi_frame_state = FRAME_EXECUTING;
                 gen->gi_exc_state.previous_item = tstate->exc_info;
                 tstate->exc_info = &gen->gi_exc_state;
+                gen_frame->previous = frame;
                 // oparg is the return offset from the next instruction.
                 frame->return_offset = (uint16_t)(1 + INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_FOR_ITER + oparg);
             }
             // _PUSH_FRAME
-            new_frame = gen_frame;
             {
+                new_frame = gen_frame;
                 // Write it out explicitly because it's subtly different.
                 // Eventually this should be the only occurrence of this code.
                 assert(tstate->interp->eval_frame == NULL);
+                _PyInterpreterFrame *temp = new_frame;
                 _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
-                new_frame->previous = frame;
+                assert(new_frame->previous == frame || new_frame->previous->previous == frame);
                 CALL_STAT_INC(inlined_py_calls);
-                frame = tstate->current_frame = new_frame;
+                frame = tstate->current_frame = temp;
                 tstate->py_recursion_remaining--;
                 LOAD_SP();
                 LOAD_IP(0);
@@ -2867,18 +4012,19 @@
             next_instr += 2;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(FOR_ITER_LIST);
             static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_FOR_ITER == 1, "incorrect cache size");
-            PyObject *iter;
-            PyObject *next;
+            _PyStackRef iter;
+            _PyStackRef next;
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
             // _ITER_CHECK_LIST
-            iter = stack_pointer[-1];
             {
-                DEOPT_IF(Py_TYPE(iter) != &PyListIter_Type, FOR_ITER);
+                iter = stack_pointer[-1];
+                DEOPT_IF(Py_TYPE(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(iter)) != &PyListIter_Type, FOR_ITER);
             }
             // _ITER_JUMP_LIST
             {
-                _PyListIterObject *it = (_PyListIterObject *)iter;
-                assert(Py_TYPE(iter) == &PyListIter_Type);
+                PyObject *iter_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(iter);
+                _PyListIterObject *it = (_PyListIterObject *)iter_o;
+                assert(Py_TYPE(iter_o) == &PyListIter_Type);
                 STAT_INC(FOR_ITER, hit);
                 PyListObject *seq = it->it_seq;
                 if (seq == NULL || (size_t)it->it_index >= (size_t)PyList_GET_SIZE(seq)) {
@@ -2889,7 +4035,7 @@
                         Py_DECREF(seq);
                     }
                     #endif
-                    Py_DECREF(iter);
+                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(iter);
                     STACK_SHRINK(1);
                     /* Jump forward oparg, then skip following END_FOR and POP_TOP instructions */
                     JUMPBY(oparg + 2);
@@ -2898,15 +4044,17 @@
             }
             // _ITER_NEXT_LIST
             {
-                _PyListIterObject *it = (_PyListIterObject *)iter;
-                assert(Py_TYPE(iter) == &PyListIter_Type);
+                PyObject *iter_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(iter);
+                _PyListIterObject *it = (_PyListIterObject *)iter_o;
+                assert(Py_TYPE(iter_o) == &PyListIter_Type);
                 PyListObject *seq = it->it_seq;
                 assert(seq);
                 assert(it->it_index < PyList_GET_SIZE(seq));
-                next = Py_NewRef(PyList_GET_ITEM(seq, it->it_index++));
+                next = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(PyList_GET_ITEM(seq, it->it_index++));
             }
             stack_pointer[0] = next;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -2915,23 +4063,23 @@
             next_instr += 2;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(FOR_ITER_RANGE);
             static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_FOR_ITER == 1, "incorrect cache size");
-            PyObject *iter;
-            PyObject *next;
+            _PyStackRef iter;
+            _PyStackRef next;
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
             // _ITER_CHECK_RANGE
-            iter = stack_pointer[-1];
             {
-                _PyRangeIterObject *r = (_PyRangeIterObject *)iter;
+                iter = stack_pointer[-1];
+                _PyRangeIterObject *r = (_PyRangeIterObject *)PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(iter);
                 DEOPT_IF(Py_TYPE(r) != &PyRangeIter_Type, FOR_ITER);
             }
             // _ITER_JUMP_RANGE
             {
-                _PyRangeIterObject *r = (_PyRangeIterObject *)iter;
+                _PyRangeIterObject *r = (_PyRangeIterObject *)PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(iter);
                 assert(Py_TYPE(r) == &PyRangeIter_Type);
                 STAT_INC(FOR_ITER, hit);
                 if (r->len <= 0) {
                     STACK_SHRINK(1);
-                    Py_DECREF(r);
+                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(iter);
                     // Jump over END_FOR and POP_TOP instructions.
                     JUMPBY(oparg + 2);
                     DISPATCH();
@@ -2939,17 +4087,19 @@
             }
             // _ITER_NEXT_RANGE
             {
-                _PyRangeIterObject *r = (_PyRangeIterObject *)iter;
+                _PyRangeIterObject *r = (_PyRangeIterObject *)PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(iter);
                 assert(Py_TYPE(r) == &PyRangeIter_Type);
                 assert(r->len > 0);
                 long value = r->start;
                 r->start = value + r->step;
                 r->len--;
-                next = PyLong_FromLong(value);
-                if (next == NULL) goto error;
+                PyObject *res = PyLong_FromLong(value);
+                if (res == NULL) goto error;
+                next = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res);
             }
             stack_pointer[0] = next;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -2958,18 +4108,19 @@
             next_instr += 2;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(FOR_ITER_TUPLE);
             static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_FOR_ITER == 1, "incorrect cache size");
-            PyObject *iter;
-            PyObject *next;
+            _PyStackRef iter;
+            _PyStackRef next;
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
             // _ITER_CHECK_TUPLE
-            iter = stack_pointer[-1];
             {
-                DEOPT_IF(Py_TYPE(iter) != &PyTupleIter_Type, FOR_ITER);
+                iter = stack_pointer[-1];
+                DEOPT_IF(Py_TYPE(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(iter)) != &PyTupleIter_Type, FOR_ITER);
             }
             // _ITER_JUMP_TUPLE
             {
-                _PyTupleIterObject *it = (_PyTupleIterObject *)iter;
-                assert(Py_TYPE(iter) == &PyTupleIter_Type);
+                PyObject *iter_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(iter);
+                _PyTupleIterObject *it = (_PyTupleIterObject *)iter_o;
+                assert(Py_TYPE(iter_o) == &PyTupleIter_Type);
                 STAT_INC(FOR_ITER, hit);
                 PyTupleObject *seq = it->it_seq;
                 if (seq == NULL || it->it_index >= PyTuple_GET_SIZE(seq)) {
@@ -2977,7 +4128,7 @@
                         it->it_seq = NULL;
                         Py_DECREF(seq);
                     }
-                    Py_DECREF(iter);
+                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(iter);
                     STACK_SHRINK(1);
                     /* Jump forward oparg, then skip following END_FOR and POP_TOP instructions */
                     JUMPBY(oparg + 2);
@@ -2986,15 +4137,17 @@
             }
             // _ITER_NEXT_TUPLE
             {
-                _PyTupleIterObject *it = (_PyTupleIterObject *)iter;
-                assert(Py_TYPE(iter) == &PyTupleIter_Type);
+                PyObject *iter_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(iter);
+                _PyTupleIterObject *it = (_PyTupleIterObject *)iter_o;
+                assert(Py_TYPE(iter_o) == &PyTupleIter_Type);
                 PyTupleObject *seq = it->it_seq;
                 assert(seq);
                 assert(it->it_index < PyTuple_GET_SIZE(seq));
-                next = Py_NewRef(PyTuple_GET_ITEM(seq, it->it_index++));
+                next = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(PyTuple_GET_ITEM(seq, it->it_index++));
             }
             stack_pointer[0] = next;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -3002,34 +4155,45 @@
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(GET_AITER);
-            PyObject *obj;
-            PyObject *iter;
+            _PyStackRef obj;
+            _PyStackRef iter;
             obj = stack_pointer[-1];
             unaryfunc getter = NULL;
-            PyTypeObject *type = Py_TYPE(obj);
+            PyObject *obj_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(obj);
+            PyObject *iter_o;
+            PyTypeObject *type = Py_TYPE(obj_o);
             if (type->tp_as_async != NULL) {
                 getter = type->tp_as_async->am_aiter;
             }
             if (getter == NULL) {
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                 _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
                               "'async for' requires an object with "
                               "__aiter__ method, got %.100s",
                               type->tp_name);
-                Py_DECREF(obj);
-                if (true) goto pop_1_error;
-            }
-            iter = (*getter)(obj);
-            Py_DECREF(obj);
-            if (iter == NULL) goto pop_1_error;
-            if (Py_TYPE(iter)->tp_as_async == NULL ||
-                Py_TYPE(iter)->tp_as_async->am_anext == NULL) {
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(obj);
+                goto pop_1_error;
+            }
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            iter_o = (*getter)(obj_o);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(obj);
+            if (iter_o == NULL) goto pop_1_error;
+            if (Py_TYPE(iter_o)->tp_as_async == NULL ||
+                Py_TYPE(iter_o)->tp_as_async->am_anext == NULL) {
+                stack_pointer += -1;
+                assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                 _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
                               "'async for' received an object from __aiter__ "
                               "that does not implement __anext__: %.100s",
-                              Py_TYPE(iter)->tp_name);
-                Py_DECREF(iter);
-                if (true) goto pop_1_error;
+                              Py_TYPE(iter_o)->tp_name);
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                Py_DECREF(iter_o);
+                goto error;
             }
+            iter = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(iter_o);
             stack_pointer[-1] = iter;
             DISPATCH();
         }
@@ -3038,49 +4202,19 @@
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(GET_ANEXT);
-            PyObject *aiter;
-            PyObject *awaitable;
+            _PyStackRef aiter;
+            _PyStackRef awaitable;
             aiter = stack_pointer[-1];
-            unaryfunc getter = NULL;
-            PyObject *next_iter = NULL;
-            PyTypeObject *type = Py_TYPE(aiter);
-            if (PyAsyncGen_CheckExact(aiter)) {
-                awaitable = type->tp_as_async->am_anext(aiter);
-                if (awaitable == NULL) {
-                    goto error;
-                }
-            } else {
-                if (type->tp_as_async != NULL){
-                    getter = type->tp_as_async->am_anext;
-                }
-                if (getter != NULL) {
-                    next_iter = (*getter)(aiter);
-                    if (next_iter == NULL) {
-                        goto error;
-                    }
-                }
-                else {
-                    _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
-                                  "'async for' requires an iterator with "
-                                  "__anext__ method, got %.100s",
-                                  type->tp_name);
-                    goto error;
-                }
-                awaitable = _PyCoro_GetAwaitableIter(next_iter);
-                if (awaitable == NULL) {
-                    _PyErr_FormatFromCause(
-                        PyExc_TypeError,
-                        "'async for' received an invalid object "
-                        "from __anext__: %.100s",
-                        Py_TYPE(next_iter)->tp_name);
-                    Py_DECREF(next_iter);
-                    goto error;
-                } else {
-                    Py_DECREF(next_iter);
-                }
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            PyObject *awaitable_o = _PyEval_GetANext(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(aiter));
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            if (awaitable_o == NULL) {
+                goto error;
             }
+            awaitable = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(awaitable_o);
             stack_pointer[0] = awaitable;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -3088,28 +4222,15 @@
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(GET_AWAITABLE);
-            PyObject *iterable;
-            PyObject *iter;
+            _PyStackRef iterable;
+            _PyStackRef iter;
             iterable = stack_pointer[-1];
-            iter = _PyCoro_GetAwaitableIter(iterable);
-            if (iter == NULL) {
-                _PyEval_FormatAwaitableError(tstate, Py_TYPE(iterable), oparg);
-            }
-            Py_DECREF(iterable);
-            if (iter != NULL && PyCoro_CheckExact(iter)) {
-                PyObject *yf = _PyGen_yf((PyGenObject*)iter);
-                if (yf != NULL) {
-                    /* `iter` is a coroutine object that is being
-                       awaited, `yf` is a pointer to the current awaitable
-                       being awaited on. */
-                    Py_DECREF(yf);
-                    Py_CLEAR(iter);
-                    _PyErr_SetString(tstate, PyExc_RuntimeError,
-                                     "coroutine is being awaited already");
-                    /* The code below jumps to `error` if `iter` is NULL. */
-                }
-            }
-            if (iter == NULL) goto pop_1_error;
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            PyObject *iter_o = _PyEval_GetAwaitable(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(iterable), oparg);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(iterable);
+            if (iter_o == NULL) goto pop_1_error;
+            iter = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(iter_o);
             stack_pointer[-1] = iter;
             DISPATCH();
         }
@@ -3118,13 +4239,16 @@
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(GET_ITER);
-            PyObject *iterable;
-            PyObject *iter;
+            _PyStackRef iterable;
+            _PyStackRef iter;
             iterable = stack_pointer[-1];
             /* before: [obj]; after [getiter(obj)] */
-            iter = PyObject_GetIter(iterable);
-            Py_DECREF(iterable);
-            if (iter == NULL) goto pop_1_error;
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            PyObject *iter_o = PyObject_GetIter(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(iterable));
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(iterable);
+            if (iter_o == NULL) goto pop_1_error;
+            iter = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(iter_o);
             stack_pointer[-1] = iter;
             DISPATCH();
         }
@@ -3133,16 +4257,20 @@
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(GET_LEN);
-            PyObject *obj;
-            PyObject *len_o;
+            _PyStackRef obj;
+            _PyStackRef len;
             obj = stack_pointer[-1];
             // PUSH(len(TOS))
-            Py_ssize_t len_i = PyObject_Length(obj);
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            Py_ssize_t len_i = PyObject_Length(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(obj));
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
             if (len_i < 0) goto error;
-            len_o = PyLong_FromSsize_t(len_i);
+            PyObject *len_o = PyLong_FromSsize_t(len_i);
             if (len_o == NULL) goto error;
-            stack_pointer[0] = len_o;
+            len = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(len_o);
+            stack_pointer[0] = len;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -3150,32 +4278,39 @@
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(GET_YIELD_FROM_ITER);
-            PyObject *iterable;
-            PyObject *iter;
+            _PyStackRef iterable;
+            _PyStackRef iter;
             iterable = stack_pointer[-1];
             /* before: [obj]; after [getiter(obj)] */
-            if (PyCoro_CheckExact(iterable)) {
+            PyObject *iterable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(iterable);
+            if (PyCoro_CheckExact(iterable_o)) {
                 /* `iterable` is a coroutine */
                 if (!(_PyFrame_GetCode(frame)->co_flags & (CO_COROUTINE | CO_ITERABLE_COROUTINE))) {
                     /* and it is used in a 'yield from' expression of a
                        regular generator. */
+                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                     _PyErr_SetString(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
                                      "cannot 'yield from' a coroutine object "
                                      "in a non-coroutine generator");
+                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                     goto error;
                 }
                 iter = iterable;
             }
-            else if (PyGen_CheckExact(iterable)) {
-                iter = iterable;
-            }
             else {
-                /* `iterable` is not a generator. */
-                iter = PyObject_GetIter(iterable);
-                if (iter == NULL) {
-                    goto error;
+                if (PyGen_CheckExact(iterable_o)) {
+                    iter = iterable;
+                }
+                else {
+                    /* `iterable` is not a generator. */
+                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                    iter = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(PyObject_GetIter(iterable_o));
+                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                    if (PyStackRef_IsNull(iter)) {
+                        goto error;
+                    }
+                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(iterable);
                 }
-                Py_DECREF(iterable);
             }
             stack_pointer[-1] = iter;
             DISPATCH();
@@ -3185,14 +4320,18 @@
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(IMPORT_FROM);
-            PyObject *from;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef from;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             from = stack_pointer[-1];
             PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg);
-            res = import_from(tstate, from, name);
-            if (res == NULL) goto error;
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            PyObject *res_o = _PyEval_ImportFrom(tstate, PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(from), name);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            if (res_o == NULL) goto error;
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
             stack_pointer[0] = res;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -3200,38 +4339,191 @@
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(IMPORT_NAME);
-            PyObject *fromlist;
-            PyObject *level;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef level;
+            _PyStackRef fromlist;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             fromlist = stack_pointer[-1];
             level = stack_pointer[-2];
             PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg);
-            res = import_name(tstate, frame, name, fromlist, level);
-            Py_DECREF(level);
-            Py_DECREF(fromlist);
-            if (res == NULL) goto pop_2_error;
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            PyObject *res_o = _PyEval_ImportName(tstate, frame, name,
+                PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(fromlist),
+                PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(level));
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(level);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(fromlist);
+            if (res_o == NULL) goto pop_2_error;
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
             stack_pointer[-2] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
         TARGET(INSTRUMENTED_CALL) {
-            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
+            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             (void)this_instr;
             next_instr += 4;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(INSTRUMENTED_CALL);
+            _PyStackRef *callable;
+            _PyStackRef *self_or_null;
+            _PyStackRef *args;
+            _PyStackRef *func;
+            _PyStackRef *maybe_self;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             /* Skip 3 cache entries */
-            int is_meth = PEEK(oparg + 1) != NULL;
-            int total_args = oparg + is_meth;
-            PyObject *function = PEEK(oparg + 2);
-            PyObject *arg = total_args == 0 ?
-            &_PyInstrumentation_MISSING : PEEK(total_args);
-            int err = _Py_call_instrumentation_2args(
-                tstate, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_CALL,
-                frame, this_instr, function, arg);
-            if (err) goto error;
-            PAUSE_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(this_instr[1].counter);
-            GO_TO_INSTRUCTION(CALL);
+            // _MAYBE_EXPAND_METHOD
+            {
+                args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
+                self_or_null = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
+                callable = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+                func = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+                maybe_self = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
+                if (PyStackRef_TYPE(callable[0]) == &PyMethod_Type && PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])) {
+                    PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
+                    PyObject *self = ((PyMethodObject *)callable_o)->im_self;
+                    maybe_self[0] = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(self);
+                    PyObject *method = ((PyMethodObject *)callable_o)->im_func;
+                    _PyStackRef temp = callable[0];
+                    func[0] = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(method);
+                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(temp);
+                }
+            }
+            // _MONITOR_CALL
+            {
+                args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
+                maybe_self = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
+                func = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+                int is_meth = !PyStackRef_IsNull(maybe_self[0]);
+                PyObject *function = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(func[0]);
+                PyObject *arg0;
+                if (is_meth) {
+                    arg0 = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(maybe_self[0]);
+                }
+                else {
+                    if (oparg) {
+                        arg0 = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(args[0]);
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        arg0 = &_PyInstrumentation_MISSING;
+                    }
+                }
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                int err = _Py_call_instrumentation_2args(
+                    tstate, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_CALL,
+                    frame, this_instr, function, arg0
+                );
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                if (err) goto error;
+            }
+            // _DO_CALL
+            {
+                self_or_null = maybe_self;
+                callable = func;
+                PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
+                // oparg counts all of the args, but *not* self:
+                int total_args = oparg;
+                if (!PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])) {
+                    args--;
+                    total_args++;
+                }
+                // Check if the call can be inlined or not
+                if (Py_TYPE(callable_o) == &PyFunction_Type &&
+                    tstate->interp->eval_frame == NULL &&
+                    ((PyFunctionObject *)callable_o)->vectorcall == _PyFunction_Vectorcall)
+                {
+                    int code_flags = ((PyCodeObject*)PyFunction_GET_CODE(callable_o))->co_flags;
+                    PyObject *locals = code_flags & CO_OPTIMIZED ? NULL : Py_NewRef(PyFunction_GET_GLOBALS(callable_o));
+                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                    _PyInterpreterFrame *new_frame = _PyEvalFramePushAndInit(
+                        tstate, callable[0], locals,
+                        args, total_args, NULL, frame
+                    );
+                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                    // Manipulate stack directly since we leave using DISPATCH_INLINED().
+                    stack_pointer += -2 - oparg;
+                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                    // The frame has stolen all the arguments from the stack,
+                    // so there is no need to clean them up.
+                    if (new_frame == NULL) {
+                        goto error;
+                    }
+                    frame->return_offset = (uint16_t)(next_instr - this_instr);
+                    DISPATCH_INLINED(new_frame);
+                }
+                /* Callable is not a normal Python function */
+                STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS(args, total_args, args_o);
+                if (CONVERSION_FAILED(args_o)) {
+                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
+                    for (int i = 0; i < total_args; i++) {
+                        PyStackRef_CLOSE(args[i]);
+                    }
+                    {
+                        stack_pointer += -2 - oparg;
+                        assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                        goto error;
+                    }
+                }
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                PyObject *res_o = PyObject_Vectorcall(
+                    callable_o, args_o,
+                    total_args | PY_VECTORCALL_ARGUMENTS_OFFSET,
+                    NULL);
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS_CLEANUP(args_o);
+                if (opcode == INSTRUMENTED_CALL) {
+                    PyObject *arg = total_args == 0 ?
+                    &_PyInstrumentation_MISSING : PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(args[0]);
+                    if (res_o == NULL) {
+                        _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                        _Py_call_instrumentation_exc2(
+                            tstate, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_C_RAISE,
+                            frame, this_instr, callable_o, arg);
+                        stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                        int err = _Py_call_instrumentation_2args(
+                            tstate, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_C_RETURN,
+                            frame, this_instr, callable_o, arg);
+                        stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                        if (err < 0) {
+                            Py_CLEAR(res_o);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                assert((res_o != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
+                for (int i = 0; i < total_args; i++) {
+                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(args[i]);
+                }
+                if (res_o == NULL) {
+                    stack_pointer += -2 - oparg;
+                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                    goto error;
+                }
+                res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
+            }
+            // _CHECK_PERIODIC
+            {
+                _Py_CHECK_EMSCRIPTEN_SIGNALS_PERIODICALLY();
+                QSBR_QUIESCENT_STATE(tstate);
+                if (_Py_atomic_load_uintptr_relaxed(&tstate->eval_breaker) & _PY_EVAL_EVENTS_MASK) {
+                    stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
+                    stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
+                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                    int err = _Py_HandlePending(tstate);
+                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                    if (err != 0) goto error;
+                    stack_pointer += 1 + oparg;
+                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                }
+            }
+            stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
+            stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+            DISPATCH();
         }
 
         TARGET(INSTRUMENTED_CALL_FUNCTION_EX) {
@@ -3242,89 +4534,115 @@
         }
 
         TARGET(INSTRUMENTED_CALL_KW) {
-            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
+            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             (void)this_instr;
-            next_instr += 1;
+            next_instr += 4;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(INSTRUMENTED_CALL_KW);
-            int is_meth = PEEK(oparg + 2) != NULL;
+            uint16_t counter = read_u16(&this_instr[1].cache);
+            (void)counter;
+            uint32_t version = read_u32(&this_instr[2].cache);
+            (void)version;
+            int is_meth = !PyStackRef_IsNull(PEEK(oparg + 2));
             int total_args = oparg + is_meth;
-            PyObject *function = PEEK(oparg + 3);
+            PyObject *function = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(PEEK(oparg + 3));
             PyObject *arg = total_args == 0 ? &_PyInstrumentation_MISSING
-        : PEEK(total_args + 1);
+        : PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(PEEK(total_args + 1));
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
             int err = _Py_call_instrumentation_2args(
                 tstate, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_CALL,
                 frame, this_instr, function, arg);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
             if (err) goto error;
+            PAUSE_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(this_instr[1].counter);
             GO_TO_INSTRUCTION(CALL_KW);
         }
 
         TARGET(INSTRUMENTED_END_FOR) {
-            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
+            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             (void)this_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(INSTRUMENTED_END_FOR);
-            PyObject *value;
-            PyObject *receiver;
+            _PyStackRef receiver;
+            _PyStackRef value;
             value = stack_pointer[-1];
             receiver = stack_pointer[-2];
             /* Need to create a fake StopIteration error here,
              * to conform to PEP 380 */
-            if (PyGen_Check(receiver)) {
-                if (monitor_stop_iteration(tstate, frame, this_instr, value)) {
+            if (PyStackRef_GenCheck(receiver)) {
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                int err = monitor_stop_iteration(tstate, frame, this_instr, PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(value));
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                if (err) {
                     goto error;
                 }
             }
-            Py_DECREF(value);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(value);
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
         TARGET(INSTRUMENTED_END_SEND) {
-            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
+            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             (void)this_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(INSTRUMENTED_END_SEND);
-            PyObject *value;
-            PyObject *receiver;
+            _PyStackRef receiver;
+            _PyStackRef value;
+            _PyStackRef val;
             value = stack_pointer[-1];
             receiver = stack_pointer[-2];
-            if (PyGen_Check(receiver) || PyCoro_CheckExact(receiver)) {
-                if (monitor_stop_iteration(tstate, frame, this_instr, value)) {
+            PyObject *receiver_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(receiver);
+            if (PyGen_Check(receiver_o) || PyCoro_CheckExact(receiver_o)) {
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                int err = monitor_stop_iteration(tstate, frame, this_instr, PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(value));
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                if (err) {
                     goto error;
                 }
             }
-            Py_DECREF(receiver);
-            stack_pointer[-2] = value;
+            val = value;
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(receiver);
+            stack_pointer[-2] = val;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
         TARGET(INSTRUMENTED_FOR_ITER) {
-            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
+            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             (void)this_instr;
             next_instr += 2;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(INSTRUMENTED_FOR_ITER);
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
             _Py_CODEUNIT *target;
-            PyObject *iter = TOP();
+            _PyStackRef iter_stackref = TOP();
+            PyObject *iter = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(iter_stackref);
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
             PyObject *next = (*Py_TYPE(iter)->tp_iternext)(iter);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
             if (next != NULL) {
-                PUSH(next);
+                PUSH(PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(next));
                 target = next_instr;
             }
             else {
                 if (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
-                    if (!_PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_StopIteration)) {
+                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                    int matches = _PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_StopIteration);
+                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                    if (!matches) {
                         goto error;
                     }
-                    monitor_raise(tstate, frame, this_instr);
+                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                    _PyEval_MonitorRaise(tstate, frame, this_instr);
                     _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
+                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                 }
                 /* iterator ended normally */
                 assert(next_instr[oparg].op.code == END_FOR ||
                        next_instr[oparg].op.code == INSTRUMENTED_END_FOR);
                 STACK_SHRINK(1);
-                Py_DECREF(iter);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(iter_stackref);
                 /* Skip END_FOR and POP_TOP */
                 target = next_instr + oparg + 2;
             }
@@ -3333,12 +4651,14 @@
         }
 
         TARGET(INSTRUMENTED_INSTRUCTION) {
-            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
+            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             (void)this_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(INSTRUMENTED_INSTRUCTION);
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
             int next_opcode = _Py_call_instrumentation_instruction(
                 tstate, frame, this_instr);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
             if (next_opcode < 0) goto error;
             next_instr = this_instr;
             if (_PyOpcode_Caches[next_opcode]) {
@@ -3350,18 +4670,31 @@
         }
 
         TARGET(INSTRUMENTED_JUMP_BACKWARD) {
-            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
+            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             (void)this_instr;
             next_instr += 2;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(INSTRUMENTED_JUMP_BACKWARD);
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
-            CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
-            INSTRUMENTED_JUMP(this_instr, next_instr - oparg, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_JUMP);
+            // _CHECK_PERIODIC
+            {
+                _Py_CHECK_EMSCRIPTEN_SIGNALS_PERIODICALLY();
+                QSBR_QUIESCENT_STATE(tstate);
+                if (_Py_atomic_load_uintptr_relaxed(&tstate->eval_breaker) & _PY_EVAL_EVENTS_MASK) {
+                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                    int err = _Py_HandlePending(tstate);
+                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                    if (err != 0) goto error;
+                }
+            }
+            // _MONITOR_JUMP_BACKWARD
+            {
+                INSTRUMENTED_JUMP(this_instr, next_instr - oparg, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_JUMP);
+            }
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
         TARGET(INSTRUMENTED_JUMP_FORWARD) {
-            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
+            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             (void)this_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(INSTRUMENTED_JUMP_FORWARD);
@@ -3369,8 +4702,43 @@
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
+        TARGET(INSTRUMENTED_LINE) {
+            _Py_CODEUNIT* const prev_instr = frame->instr_ptr;
+            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
+            (void)this_instr;
+            next_instr += 1;
+            INSTRUCTION_STATS(INSTRUMENTED_LINE);
+            int original_opcode = 0;
+            if (tstate->tracing) {
+                PyCodeObject *code = _PyFrame_GetCode(frame);
+                original_opcode = code->_co_monitoring->lines[(int)(this_instr - _PyCode_CODE(code))].original_opcode;
+                next_instr = this_instr;
+            } else {
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                original_opcode = _Py_call_instrumentation_line(
+                    tstate, frame, this_instr, prev_instr);
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                if (original_opcode < 0) {
+                    next_instr = this_instr+1;
+                    goto error;
+                }
+                next_instr = frame->instr_ptr;
+                if (next_instr != this_instr) {
+                    DISPATCH();
+                }
+            }
+            if (_PyOpcode_Caches[original_opcode]) {
+                _PyBinaryOpCache *cache = (_PyBinaryOpCache *)(next_instr+1);
+                /* Prevent the underlying instruction from specializing
+                 * and overwriting the instrumentation. */
+                PAUSE_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(cache->counter);
+            }
+            opcode = original_opcode;
+            DISPATCH_GOTO();
+        }
+
         TARGET(INSTRUMENTED_LOAD_SUPER_ATTR) {
-            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
+            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             (void)this_instr;
             next_instr += 2;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(INSTRUMENTED_LOAD_SUPER_ATTR);
@@ -3382,14 +4750,14 @@
         }
 
         TARGET(INSTRUMENTED_POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE) {
-            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
+            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             (void)this_instr;
             next_instr += 2;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(INSTRUMENTED_POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE);
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
-            PyObject *cond = POP();
-            assert(PyBool_Check(cond));
-            int flag = Py_IsFalse(cond);
+            _PyStackRef cond = POP();
+            assert(PyStackRef_BoolCheck(cond));
+            int flag = PyStackRef_Is(cond, PyStackRef_False);
             int offset = flag * oparg;
             #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
             this_instr[1].cache = (this_instr[1].cache << 1) | flag;
@@ -3399,19 +4767,19 @@
         }
 
         TARGET(INSTRUMENTED_POP_JUMP_IF_NONE) {
-            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
+            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             (void)this_instr;
             next_instr += 2;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(INSTRUMENTED_POP_JUMP_IF_NONE);
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
-            PyObject *value = POP();
-            int flag = Py_IsNone(value);
+            _PyStackRef value_stackref = POP();
+            int flag = PyStackRef_Is(value_stackref, PyStackRef_None);
             int offset;
             if (flag) {
                 offset = oparg;
             }
             else {
-                Py_DECREF(value);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(value_stackref);
                 offset = 0;
             }
             #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
@@ -3422,19 +4790,19 @@
         }
 
         TARGET(INSTRUMENTED_POP_JUMP_IF_NOT_NONE) {
-            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
+            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             (void)this_instr;
             next_instr += 2;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(INSTRUMENTED_POP_JUMP_IF_NOT_NONE);
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
-            PyObject *value = POP();
+            _PyStackRef value_stackref = POP();
             int offset;
-            int nflag = Py_IsNone(value);
+            int nflag = PyStackRef_Is(value_stackref, PyStackRef_None);
             if (nflag) {
                 offset = 0;
             }
             else {
-                Py_DECREF(value);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(value_stackref);
                 offset = oparg;
             }
             #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
@@ -3445,14 +4813,14 @@
         }
 
         TARGET(INSTRUMENTED_POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE) {
-            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
+            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             (void)this_instr;
             next_instr += 2;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(INSTRUMENTED_POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE);
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
-            PyObject *cond = POP();
-            assert(PyBool_Check(cond));
-            int flag = Py_IsTrue(cond);
+            _PyStackRef cond = POP();
+            assert(PyStackRef_BoolCheck(cond));
+            int flag = PyStackRef_Is(cond, PyStackRef_True);
             int offset = flag * oparg;
             #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
             this_instr[1].cache = (this_instr[1].cache << 1) | flag;
@@ -3462,22 +4830,42 @@
         }
 
         TARGET(INSTRUMENTED_RESUME) {
-            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
+            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             (void)this_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(INSTRUMENTED_RESUME);
-            uintptr_t global_version = _Py_atomic_load_uintptr_relaxed(&tstate->eval_breaker) & ~_PY_EVAL_EVENTS_MASK;
-            uintptr_t code_version = FT_ATOMIC_LOAD_UINTPTR_ACQUIRE(_PyFrame_GetCode(frame)->_co_instrumentation_version);
-            if (code_version != global_version && tstate->tracing == 0) {
-                if (_Py_Instrument(_PyFrame_GetCode(frame), tstate->interp)) {
-                    goto error;
+            // _MAYBE_INSTRUMENT
+            {
+                if (tstate->tracing == 0) {
+                    uintptr_t global_version = _Py_atomic_load_uintptr_relaxed(&tstate->eval_breaker) & ~_PY_EVAL_EVENTS_MASK;
+                    uintptr_t code_version = FT_ATOMIC_LOAD_UINTPTR_ACQUIRE(_PyFrame_GetCode(frame)->_co_instrumentation_version);
+                    if (code_version != global_version) {
+                        _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                        int err = _Py_Instrument(_PyFrame_GetCode(frame), tstate->interp);
+                        stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                        if (err) {
+                            goto error;
+                        }
+                        next_instr = this_instr;
+                        DISPATCH();
+                    }
                 }
-                next_instr = this_instr;
             }
-            else {
+            // _CHECK_PERIODIC_IF_NOT_YIELD_FROM
+            {
                 if ((oparg & RESUME_OPARG_LOCATION_MASK) < RESUME_AFTER_YIELD_FROM) {
-                    CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
+                    _Py_CHECK_EMSCRIPTEN_SIGNALS_PERIODICALLY();
+                    QSBR_QUIESCENT_STATE(tstate); \
+                    if (_Py_atomic_load_uintptr_relaxed(&tstate->eval_breaker) & _PY_EVAL_EVENTS_MASK) {
+                        _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                        int err = _Py_HandlePending(tstate);
+                        stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                        if (err != 0) goto error;
+                    }
                 }
+            }
+            // _MONITOR_RESUME
+            {
                 _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                 int err = _Py_call_instrumentation(
                     tstate, oparg > 0, frame, this_instr);
@@ -3486,97 +4874,183 @@
                 if (frame->instr_ptr != this_instr) {
                     /* Instrumentation has jumped */
                     next_instr = frame->instr_ptr;
-                    DISPATCH();
                 }
             }
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
         TARGET(INSTRUMENTED_RETURN_CONST) {
-            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
+            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             (void)this_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(INSTRUMENTED_RETURN_CONST);
-            PyObject *retval = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_CONSTS, oparg);
-            int err = _Py_call_instrumentation_arg(
-                tstate, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_PY_RETURN,
-                frame, this_instr, retval);
-            if (err) goto error;
-            Py_INCREF(retval);
-            assert(EMPTY());
-            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
-            _Py_LeaveRecursiveCallPy(tstate);
-            assert(frame != &entry_frame);
-            // GH-99729: We need to unlink the frame *before* clearing it:
-            _PyInterpreterFrame *dying = frame;
-            frame = tstate->current_frame = dying->previous;
-            _PyEval_FrameClearAndPop(tstate, dying);
-            _PyFrame_StackPush(frame, retval);
-            LOAD_IP(frame->return_offset);
-            goto resume_frame;
+            _PyStackRef value;
+            _PyStackRef val;
+            _PyStackRef retval;
+            _PyStackRef res;
+            // _LOAD_CONST
+            {
+                value = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(GETITEM(FRAME_CO_CONSTS, oparg));
+            }
+            // _RETURN_VALUE_EVENT
+            {
+                val = value;
+                stack_pointer[0] = val;
+                stack_pointer += 1;
+                assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                int err = _Py_call_instrumentation_arg(
+                    tstate, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_PY_RETURN,
+                    frame, this_instr, PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(val));
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                if (err) goto error;
+            }
+            // _RETURN_VALUE
+            {
+                retval = val;
+                #if TIER_ONE
+                assert(frame != &entry_frame);
+                #endif
+                _PyStackRef temp = retval;
+                stack_pointer += -1;
+                assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                assert(EMPTY());
+                _Py_LeaveRecursiveCallPy(tstate);
+                // GH-99729: We need to unlink the frame *before* clearing it:
+                _PyInterpreterFrame *dying = frame;
+                frame = tstate->current_frame = dying->previous;
+                _PyEval_FrameClearAndPop(tstate, dying);
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                LOAD_IP(frame->return_offset);
+                res = temp;
+                LLTRACE_RESUME_FRAME();
+            }
+            stack_pointer[0] = res;
+            stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+            DISPATCH();
         }
 
         TARGET(INSTRUMENTED_RETURN_VALUE) {
-            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
+            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             (void)this_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(INSTRUMENTED_RETURN_VALUE);
-            PyObject *retval;
-            retval = stack_pointer[-1];
-            int err = _Py_call_instrumentation_arg(
-                tstate, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_PY_RETURN,
-                frame, this_instr, retval);
-            if (err) goto error;
-            STACK_SHRINK(1);
-            assert(EMPTY());
-            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
-            _Py_LeaveRecursiveCallPy(tstate);
-            assert(frame != &entry_frame);
-            // GH-99729: We need to unlink the frame *before* clearing it:
-            _PyInterpreterFrame *dying = frame;
-            frame = tstate->current_frame = dying->previous;
-            _PyEval_FrameClearAndPop(tstate, dying);
-            _PyFrame_StackPush(frame, retval);
-            LOAD_IP(frame->return_offset);
-            goto resume_frame;
+            _PyStackRef val;
+            _PyStackRef retval;
+            _PyStackRef res;
+            // _RETURN_VALUE_EVENT
+            {
+                val = stack_pointer[-1];
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                int err = _Py_call_instrumentation_arg(
+                    tstate, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_PY_RETURN,
+                    frame, this_instr, PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(val));
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                if (err) goto error;
+            }
+            // _RETURN_VALUE
+            {
+                retval = val;
+                #if TIER_ONE
+                assert(frame != &entry_frame);
+                #endif
+                _PyStackRef temp = retval;
+                stack_pointer += -1;
+                assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                assert(EMPTY());
+                _Py_LeaveRecursiveCallPy(tstate);
+                // GH-99729: We need to unlink the frame *before* clearing it:
+                _PyInterpreterFrame *dying = frame;
+                frame = tstate->current_frame = dying->previous;
+                _PyEval_FrameClearAndPop(tstate, dying);
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                LOAD_IP(frame->return_offset);
+                res = temp;
+                LLTRACE_RESUME_FRAME();
+            }
+            stack_pointer[0] = res;
+            stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+            DISPATCH();
         }
 
         TARGET(INSTRUMENTED_YIELD_VALUE) {
-            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
+            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             (void)this_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(INSTRUMENTED_YIELD_VALUE);
-            PyObject *retval;
-            retval = stack_pointer[-1];
-            assert(frame != &entry_frame);
-            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
-            PyGenObject *gen = _PyFrame_GetGenerator(frame);
-            assert(FRAME_SUSPENDED_YIELD_FROM == FRAME_SUSPENDED + 1);
-            assert(oparg == 0 || oparg == 1);
-            gen->gi_frame_state = FRAME_SUSPENDED + oparg;
-            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer - 1);
-            int err = _Py_call_instrumentation_arg(
-                tstate, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_PY_YIELD,
-                frame, this_instr, retval);
-            if (err) goto error;
-            tstate->exc_info = gen->gi_exc_state.previous_item;
-            gen->gi_exc_state.previous_item = NULL;
-            _Py_LeaveRecursiveCallPy(tstate);
-            _PyInterpreterFrame *gen_frame = frame;
-            frame = tstate->current_frame = frame->previous;
-            gen_frame->previous = NULL;
-            _PyFrame_StackPush(frame, retval);
-            /* We don't know which of these is relevant here, so keep them equal */
-            assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_SEND == INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_FOR_ITER);
-            LOAD_IP(1 + INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_SEND);
-            goto resume_frame;
+            _PyStackRef val;
+            _PyStackRef retval;
+            _PyStackRef value;
+            // _YIELD_VALUE_EVENT
+            {
+                val = stack_pointer[-1];
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                int err = _Py_call_instrumentation_arg(
+                    tstate, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_PY_YIELD,
+                    frame, this_instr, PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(val));
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                if (err) {
+                    goto error;
+                }
+                if (frame->instr_ptr != this_instr) {
+                    next_instr = frame->instr_ptr;
+                    DISPATCH();
+                }
+            }
+            // _YIELD_VALUE
+            {
+                retval = val;
+                // NOTE: It's important that YIELD_VALUE never raises an exception!
+                // The compiler treats any exception raised here as a failed close()
+                // or throw() call.
+                #if TIER_ONE
+                assert(frame != &entry_frame);
+                #endif
+                frame->instr_ptr++;
+                PyGenObject *gen = _PyGen_GetGeneratorFromFrame(frame);
+                assert(FRAME_SUSPENDED_YIELD_FROM == FRAME_SUSPENDED + 1);
+                assert(oparg == 0 || oparg == 1);
+                gen->gi_frame_state = FRAME_SUSPENDED + oparg;
+                _PyStackRef temp = retval;
+                stack_pointer += -1;
+                assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                tstate->exc_info = gen->gi_exc_state.previous_item;
+                gen->gi_exc_state.previous_item = NULL;
+                _Py_LeaveRecursiveCallPy(tstate);
+                _PyInterpreterFrame *gen_frame = frame;
+                frame = tstate->current_frame = frame->previous;
+                gen_frame->previous = NULL;
+                /* We don't know which of these is relevant here, so keep them equal */
+                assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_SEND == INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_FOR_ITER);
+                #if TIER_ONE
+                assert(frame->instr_ptr->op.code == INSTRUMENTED_LINE ||
+                  frame->instr_ptr->op.code == INSTRUMENTED_INSTRUCTION ||
+                  _PyOpcode_Deopt[frame->instr_ptr->op.code] == SEND ||
+                  _PyOpcode_Deopt[frame->instr_ptr->op.code] == FOR_ITER ||
+                  _PyOpcode_Deopt[frame->instr_ptr->op.code] == INTERPRETER_EXIT ||
+                  _PyOpcode_Deopt[frame->instr_ptr->op.code] == ENTER_EXECUTOR);
+                #endif
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                LOAD_IP(1 + INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_SEND);
+                value = temp;
+                LLTRACE_RESUME_FRAME();
+            }
+            stack_pointer[0] = value;
+            stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+            DISPATCH();
         }
 
         TARGET(INTERPRETER_EXIT) {
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(INTERPRETER_EXIT);
-            PyObject *retval;
+            _PyStackRef retval;
             retval = stack_pointer[-1];
             assert(frame == &entry_frame);
             assert(_PyFrame_IsIncomplete(frame));
@@ -3584,63 +5058,90 @@
             tstate->current_frame = frame->previous;
             assert(!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate));
             tstate->c_recursion_remaining += PY_EVAL_C_STACK_UNITS;
-            return retval;
+            PyObject *result = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(retval);
+            stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+            /* Not strictly necessary, but prevents warnings */
+            return result;
         }
 
         TARGET(IS_OP) {
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(IS_OP);
-            PyObject *right;
-            PyObject *left;
-            PyObject *b;
+            _PyStackRef left;
+            _PyStackRef right;
+            _PyStackRef b;
             right = stack_pointer[-1];
             left = stack_pointer[-2];
-            int res = Py_Is(left, right) ^ oparg;
-            Py_DECREF(left);
-            Py_DECREF(right);
-            b = res ? Py_True : Py_False;
+            #ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+            // On free-threaded builds, objects are conditionally immortalized.
+            // So their bits don't always compare equally.
+            int res = Py_Is(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left), PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right)) ^ oparg;
+            #else
+            int res = PyStackRef_Is(left, right) ^ oparg;
+            #endif
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(left);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(right);
+            b = res ? PyStackRef_True : PyStackRef_False;
             stack_pointer[-2] = b;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
         TARGET(JUMP_BACKWARD) {
-            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
+            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             (void)this_instr;
             next_instr += 2;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(JUMP_BACKWARD);
-            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
-            CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
-            assert(oparg <= INSTR_OFFSET());
-            JUMPBY(-oparg);
-            #ifdef _Py_TIER2
-            #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
-            _Py_BackoffCounter counter = this_instr[1].counter;
-            if (backoff_counter_triggers(counter) && this_instr->op.code == JUMP_BACKWARD) {
-                _Py_CODEUNIT *start = this_instr;
-                /* Back up over EXTENDED_ARGs so optimizer sees the whole instruction */
-                while (oparg > 255) {
-                    oparg >>= 8;
-                    start--;
-                }
-                _PyExecutorObject *executor;
-                int optimized = _PyOptimizer_Optimize(frame, start, stack_pointer, &executor);
-                if (optimized < 0) goto error;
-                if (optimized) {
-                    assert(tstate->previous_executor == NULL);
-                    tstate->previous_executor = Py_None;
-                    GOTO_TIER_TWO(executor);
+            // _CHECK_PERIODIC
+            {
+                _Py_CHECK_EMSCRIPTEN_SIGNALS_PERIODICALLY();
+                QSBR_QUIESCENT_STATE(tstate);
+                if (_Py_atomic_load_uintptr_relaxed(&tstate->eval_breaker) & _PY_EVAL_EVENTS_MASK) {
+                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                    int err = _Py_HandlePending(tstate);
+                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                    if (err != 0) goto error;
+                }
+            }
+            // _JUMP_BACKWARD
+            {
+                uint16_t the_counter = read_u16(&this_instr[1].cache);
+                (void)the_counter;
+                assert(oparg <= INSTR_OFFSET());
+                JUMPBY(-oparg);
+                #ifdef _Py_TIER2
+                #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
+                _Py_BackoffCounter counter = this_instr[1].counter;
+                if (backoff_counter_triggers(counter) && this_instr->op.code == JUMP_BACKWARD) {
+                    _Py_CODEUNIT *start = this_instr;
+                    /* Back up over EXTENDED_ARGs so optimizer sees the whole instruction */
+                    while (oparg > 255) {
+                        oparg >>= 8;
+                        start--;
+                    }
+                    _PyExecutorObject *executor;
+                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                    int optimized = _PyOptimizer_Optimize(frame, start, stack_pointer, &executor, 0);
+                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                    if (optimized < 0) goto error;
+                    if (optimized) {
+                        assert(tstate->previous_executor == NULL);
+                        tstate->previous_executor = Py_None;
+                        GOTO_TIER_TWO(executor);
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        this_instr[1].counter = restart_backoff_counter(counter);
+                    }
                 }
                 else {
-                    this_instr[1].counter = restart_backoff_counter(counter);
+                    ADVANCE_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(this_instr[1].counter);
                 }
+                #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
+                #endif /* _Py_TIER2 */
             }
-            else {
-                ADVANCE_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(this_instr[1].counter);
-            }
-            #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
-            #endif /* _Py_TIER2 */
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -3669,12 +5170,15 @@
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(LIST_APPEND);
-            PyObject *v;
-            PyObject *list;
+            _PyStackRef list;
+            _PyStackRef v;
             v = stack_pointer[-1];
             list = stack_pointer[-2 - (oparg-1)];
-            if (_PyList_AppendTakeRef((PyListObject *)list, v) < 0) goto pop_1_error;
+            int err = _PyList_AppendTakeRef((PyListObject *)PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(list),
+                PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(v));
+            if (err < 0) goto pop_1_error;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -3682,26 +5186,36 @@
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(LIST_EXTEND);
-            PyObject *iterable;
-            PyObject *list;
-            iterable = stack_pointer[-1];
-            list = stack_pointer[-2 - (oparg-1)];
+            _PyStackRef list_st;
+            _PyStackRef iterable_st;
+            iterable_st = stack_pointer[-1];
+            list_st = stack_pointer[-2 - (oparg-1)];
+            PyObject *list = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(list_st);
+            PyObject *iterable = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(iterable_st);
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
             PyObject *none_val = _PyList_Extend((PyListObject *)list, iterable);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
             if (none_val == NULL) {
-                if (_PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_TypeError) &&
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                int matches = _PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_TypeError);
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                if (matches &&
                     (Py_TYPE(iterable)->tp_iter == NULL && !PySequence_Check(iterable)))
                 {
+                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                     _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
                     _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
                                   "Value after * must be an iterable, not %.200s",
                                   Py_TYPE(iterable)->tp_name);
+                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                 }
-                Py_DECREF(iterable);
-                if (true) goto pop_1_error;
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(iterable_st);
+                goto pop_1_error;
             }
             assert(Py_IsNone(none_val));
-            Py_DECREF(iterable);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(iterable_st);
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -3710,24 +5224,26 @@
             next_instr += 10;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_ATTR);
             PREDICTED(LOAD_ATTR);
-            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = next_instr - 10;
+            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = next_instr - 10;
             (void)this_instr;
-            PyObject *owner;
-            PyObject *attr;
-            PyObject *self_or_null = NULL;
+            _PyStackRef owner;
+            _PyStackRef attr;
+            _PyStackRef self_or_null = PyStackRef_NULL;
             // _SPECIALIZE_LOAD_ATTR
-            owner = stack_pointer[-1];
             {
+                owner = stack_pointer[-1];
                 uint16_t counter = read_u16(&this_instr[1].cache);
                 (void)counter;
                 #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
                 if (ADAPTIVE_COUNTER_TRIGGERS(counter)) {
                     PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg>>1);
                     next_instr = this_instr;
+                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                     _Py_Specialize_LoadAttr(owner, next_instr, name);
+                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                     DISPATCH_SAME_OPARG();
                 }
-                STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, deferred);
+                OPCODE_DEFERRED_INC(LOAD_ATTR);
                 ADVANCE_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(this_instr[1].counter);
                 #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
             }
@@ -3735,15 +5251,19 @@
             // _LOAD_ATTR
             {
                 PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg >> 1);
+                PyObject *attr_o;
                 if (oparg & 1) {
                     /* Designed to work in tandem with CALL, pushes two values. */
-                    attr = NULL;
-                    if (_PyObject_GetMethod(owner, name, &attr)) {
+                    attr_o = NULL;
+                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                    int is_meth = _PyObject_GetMethod(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner), name, &attr_o);
+                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                    if (is_meth) {
                         /* We can bypass temporary bound method object.
                            meth is unbound method and obj is self.
                            meth | self | arg1 | ... | argN
                          */
-                        assert(attr != NULL);  // No errors on this branch
+                        assert(attr_o != NULL);  // No errors on this branch
                         self_or_null = owner;  // Transfer ownership
                     }
                     else {
@@ -3753,40 +5273,47 @@
                            CALL that it's not a method call.
                            meth | NULL | arg1 | ... | argN
                          */
-                        Py_DECREF(owner);
-                        if (attr == NULL) goto pop_1_error;
-                        self_or_null = NULL;
+                        PyStackRef_CLOSE(owner);
+                        if (attr_o == NULL) goto pop_1_error;
+                        self_or_null = PyStackRef_NULL;
                     }
                 }
                 else {
                     /* Classic, pushes one value. */
-                    attr = PyObject_GetAttr(owner, name);
-                    Py_DECREF(owner);
-                    if (attr == NULL) goto pop_1_error;
+                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                    attr_o = PyObject_GetAttr(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner), name);
+                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(owner);
+                    if (attr_o == NULL) goto pop_1_error;
+                    /* We need to define self_or_null on all paths */
+                    self_or_null = PyStackRef_NULL;
                 }
+                attr = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(attr_o);
             }
             stack_pointer[-1] = attr;
             if (oparg & 1) stack_pointer[0] = self_or_null;
             stack_pointer += (oparg & 1);
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
         TARGET(LOAD_ATTR_CLASS) {
-            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
+            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 10;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_ATTR_CLASS);
             static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_ATTR == 9, "incorrect cache size");
-            PyObject *owner;
-            PyObject *attr;
-            PyObject *null = NULL;
+            _PyStackRef owner;
+            _PyStackRef attr;
+            _PyStackRef null = PyStackRef_NULL;
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
             // _CHECK_ATTR_CLASS
-            owner = stack_pointer[-1];
             {
+                owner = stack_pointer[-1];
                 uint32_t type_version = read_u32(&this_instr[2].cache);
-                DEOPT_IF(!PyType_Check(owner), LOAD_ATTR);
+                PyObject *owner_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner);
+                DEOPT_IF(!PyType_Check(owner_o), LOAD_ATTR);
                 assert(type_version != 0);
-                DEOPT_IF(((PyTypeObject *)owner)->tp_version_tag != type_version, LOAD_ATTR);
+                DEOPT_IF(((PyTypeObject *)owner_o)->tp_version_tag != type_version, LOAD_ATTR);
             }
             /* Skip 2 cache entries */
             // _LOAD_ATTR_CLASS
@@ -3794,30 +5321,73 @@
                 PyObject *descr = read_obj(&this_instr[6].cache);
                 STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
                 assert(descr != NULL);
-                attr = Py_NewRef(descr);
-                null = NULL;
-                Py_DECREF(owner);
+                attr = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(descr);
+                null = PyStackRef_NULL;
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(owner);
+            }
+            stack_pointer[-1] = attr;
+            if (oparg & 1) stack_pointer[0] = null;
+            stack_pointer += (oparg & 1);
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(LOAD_ATTR_CLASS_WITH_METACLASS_CHECK) {
+            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
+            next_instr += 10;
+            INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_ATTR_CLASS_WITH_METACLASS_CHECK);
+            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_ATTR == 9, "incorrect cache size");
+            _PyStackRef owner;
+            _PyStackRef attr;
+            _PyStackRef null = PyStackRef_NULL;
+            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
+            // _CHECK_ATTR_CLASS
+            {
+                owner = stack_pointer[-1];
+                uint32_t type_version = read_u32(&this_instr[2].cache);
+                PyObject *owner_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner);
+                DEOPT_IF(!PyType_Check(owner_o), LOAD_ATTR);
+                assert(type_version != 0);
+                DEOPT_IF(((PyTypeObject *)owner_o)->tp_version_tag != type_version, LOAD_ATTR);
+            }
+            // _GUARD_TYPE_VERSION
+            {
+                uint32_t type_version = read_u32(&this_instr[4].cache);
+                PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner));
+                assert(type_version != 0);
+                DEOPT_IF(tp->tp_version_tag != type_version, LOAD_ATTR);
+            }
+            // _LOAD_ATTR_CLASS
+            {
+                PyObject *descr = read_obj(&this_instr[6].cache);
+                STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
+                assert(descr != NULL);
+                attr = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(descr);
+                null = PyStackRef_NULL;
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(owner);
             }
             stack_pointer[-1] = attr;
             if (oparg & 1) stack_pointer[0] = null;
             stack_pointer += (oparg & 1);
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
         TARGET(LOAD_ATTR_GETATTRIBUTE_OVERRIDDEN) {
-            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
+            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 10;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_ATTR_GETATTRIBUTE_OVERRIDDEN);
             static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_ATTR == 9, "incorrect cache size");
-            PyObject *owner;
+            _PyStackRef owner;
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
             owner = stack_pointer[-1];
             uint32_t type_version = read_u32(&this_instr[2].cache);
             uint32_t func_version = read_u32(&this_instr[4].cache);
             PyObject *getattribute = read_obj(&this_instr[6].cache);
+            PyObject *owner_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner);
             assert((oparg & 1) == 0);
             DEOPT_IF(tstate->interp->eval_frame, LOAD_ATTR);
-            PyTypeObject *cls = Py_TYPE(owner);
+            PyTypeObject *cls = Py_TYPE(owner_o);
             assert(type_version != 0);
             DEOPT_IF(cls->tp_version_tag != type_version, LOAD_ATTR);
             assert(Py_IS_TYPE(getattribute, &PyFunction_Type));
@@ -3829,77 +5399,82 @@
             DEOPT_IF(!_PyThreadState_HasStackSpace(tstate, code->co_framesize), LOAD_ATTR);
             STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
             PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg >> 1);
-            Py_INCREF(f);
-            _PyInterpreterFrame *new_frame = _PyFrame_PushUnchecked(tstate, f, 2);
+            _PyInterpreterFrame *new_frame = _PyFrame_PushUnchecked(
+                tstate, PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(f), 2, frame);
             // Manipulate stack directly because we exit with DISPATCH_INLINED().
             STACK_SHRINK(1);
             new_frame->localsplus[0] = owner;
-            new_frame->localsplus[1] = Py_NewRef(name);
+            new_frame->localsplus[1] = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(name);
             frame->return_offset = (uint16_t)(next_instr - this_instr);
             DISPATCH_INLINED(new_frame);
         }
 
         TARGET(LOAD_ATTR_INSTANCE_VALUE) {
-            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
+            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 10;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_ATTR_INSTANCE_VALUE);
             static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_ATTR == 9, "incorrect cache size");
-            PyObject *owner;
-            PyObject *attr;
-            PyObject *null = NULL;
+            _PyStackRef owner;
+            _PyStackRef attr;
+            _PyStackRef null = PyStackRef_NULL;
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
             // _GUARD_TYPE_VERSION
-            owner = stack_pointer[-1];
             {
+                owner = stack_pointer[-1];
                 uint32_t type_version = read_u32(&this_instr[2].cache);
-                PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(owner);
+                PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner));
                 assert(type_version != 0);
                 DEOPT_IF(tp->tp_version_tag != type_version, LOAD_ATTR);
             }
             // _CHECK_MANAGED_OBJECT_HAS_VALUES
             {
-                assert(Py_TYPE(owner)->tp_dictoffset < 0);
-                assert(Py_TYPE(owner)->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_INLINE_VALUES);
-                DEOPT_IF(!_PyObject_InlineValues(owner)->valid, LOAD_ATTR);
+                PyObject *owner_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner);
+                assert(Py_TYPE(owner_o)->tp_dictoffset < 0);
+                assert(Py_TYPE(owner_o)->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_INLINE_VALUES);
+                DEOPT_IF(!_PyObject_InlineValues(owner_o)->valid, LOAD_ATTR);
             }
             // _LOAD_ATTR_INSTANCE_VALUE
             {
-                uint16_t index = read_u16(&this_instr[4].cache);
-                attr = _PyObject_InlineValues(owner)->values[index];
-                DEOPT_IF(attr == NULL, LOAD_ATTR);
+                uint16_t offset = read_u16(&this_instr[4].cache);
+                PyObject *owner_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner);
+                PyObject **value_ptr = (PyObject**)(((char *)owner_o) + offset);
+                PyObject *attr_o = *value_ptr;
+                DEOPT_IF(attr_o == NULL, LOAD_ATTR);
                 STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
-                Py_INCREF(attr);
-                null = NULL;
-                Py_DECREF(owner);
+                Py_INCREF(attr_o);
+                null = PyStackRef_NULL;
+                attr = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(attr_o);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(owner);
             }
             /* Skip 5 cache entries */
             stack_pointer[-1] = attr;
             if (oparg & 1) stack_pointer[0] = null;
             stack_pointer += (oparg & 1);
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
         TARGET(LOAD_ATTR_METHOD_LAZY_DICT) {
-            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
+            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 10;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_ATTR_METHOD_LAZY_DICT);
             static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_ATTR == 9, "incorrect cache size");
-            PyObject *owner;
-            PyObject *attr;
-            PyObject *self = NULL;
+            _PyStackRef owner;
+            _PyStackRef attr;
+            _PyStackRef self = PyStackRef_NULL;
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
             // _GUARD_TYPE_VERSION
-            owner = stack_pointer[-1];
             {
+                owner = stack_pointer[-1];
                 uint32_t type_version = read_u32(&this_instr[2].cache);
-                PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(owner);
+                PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner));
                 assert(type_version != 0);
                 DEOPT_IF(tp->tp_version_tag != type_version, LOAD_ATTR);
             }
             // _CHECK_ATTR_METHOD_LAZY_DICT
             {
                 uint16_t dictoffset = read_u16(&this_instr[4].cache);
-                char *ptr = ((char *)owner) + MANAGED_DICT_OFFSET + dictoffset;
+                char *ptr = ((char *)PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner)) + MANAGED_DICT_OFFSET + dictoffset;
                 PyObject *dict = *(PyObject **)ptr;
                 /* This object has a __dict__, just not yet created */
                 DEOPT_IF(dict != NULL, LOAD_ATTR);
@@ -3912,29 +5487,30 @@
                 STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
                 assert(descr != NULL);
                 assert(_PyType_HasFeature(Py_TYPE(descr), Py_TPFLAGS_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR));
-                attr = Py_NewRef(descr);
+                attr = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(descr);
                 self = owner;
             }
             stack_pointer[-1] = attr;
             stack_pointer[0] = self;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
         TARGET(LOAD_ATTR_METHOD_NO_DICT) {
-            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
+            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 10;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_ATTR_METHOD_NO_DICT);
             static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_ATTR == 9, "incorrect cache size");
-            PyObject *owner;
-            PyObject *attr;
-            PyObject *self = NULL;
+            _PyStackRef owner;
+            _PyStackRef attr;
+            _PyStackRef self = PyStackRef_NULL;
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
             // _GUARD_TYPE_VERSION
-            owner = stack_pointer[-1];
             {
+                owner = stack_pointer[-1];
                 uint32_t type_version = read_u32(&this_instr[2].cache);
-                PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(owner);
+                PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner));
                 assert(type_version != 0);
                 DEOPT_IF(tp->tp_version_tag != type_version, LOAD_ATTR);
             }
@@ -3943,45 +5519,47 @@
             {
                 PyObject *descr = read_obj(&this_instr[6].cache);
                 assert(oparg & 1);
-                assert(Py_TYPE(owner)->tp_dictoffset == 0);
+                assert(Py_TYPE(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner))->tp_dictoffset == 0);
                 STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
                 assert(descr != NULL);
                 assert(_PyType_HasFeature(Py_TYPE(descr), Py_TPFLAGS_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR));
-                attr = Py_NewRef(descr);
+                attr = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(descr);
                 self = owner;
             }
             stack_pointer[-1] = attr;
             stack_pointer[0] = self;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
         TARGET(LOAD_ATTR_METHOD_WITH_VALUES) {
-            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
+            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 10;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_ATTR_METHOD_WITH_VALUES);
             static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_ATTR == 9, "incorrect cache size");
-            PyObject *owner;
-            PyObject *attr;
-            PyObject *self = NULL;
+            _PyStackRef owner;
+            _PyStackRef attr;
+            _PyStackRef self = PyStackRef_NULL;
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
             // _GUARD_TYPE_VERSION
-            owner = stack_pointer[-1];
             {
+                owner = stack_pointer[-1];
                 uint32_t type_version = read_u32(&this_instr[2].cache);
-                PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(owner);
+                PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner));
                 assert(type_version != 0);
                 DEOPT_IF(tp->tp_version_tag != type_version, LOAD_ATTR);
             }
             // _GUARD_DORV_VALUES_INST_ATTR_FROM_DICT
             {
-                assert(Py_TYPE(owner)->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_INLINE_VALUES);
-                DEOPT_IF(!_PyObject_InlineValues(owner)->valid, LOAD_ATTR);
+                PyObject *owner_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner);
+                assert(Py_TYPE(owner_o)->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_INLINE_VALUES);
+                DEOPT_IF(!_PyObject_InlineValues(owner_o)->valid, LOAD_ATTR);
             }
             // _GUARD_KEYS_VERSION
             {
                 uint32_t keys_version = read_u32(&this_instr[4].cache);
-                PyTypeObject *owner_cls = Py_TYPE(owner);
+                PyTypeObject *owner_cls = Py_TYPE(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner));
                 PyHeapTypeObject *owner_heap_type = (PyHeapTypeObject *)owner_cls;
                 DEOPT_IF(owner_heap_type->ht_cached_keys->dk_version != keys_version, LOAD_ATTR);
             }
@@ -3992,68 +5570,73 @@
                 /* Cached method object */
                 STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
                 assert(descr != NULL);
-                attr = Py_NewRef(descr);
-                assert(_PyType_HasFeature(Py_TYPE(attr), Py_TPFLAGS_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR));
+                assert(_PyType_HasFeature(Py_TYPE(descr), Py_TPFLAGS_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR));
+                attr = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(descr);
                 self = owner;
             }
             stack_pointer[-1] = attr;
             stack_pointer[0] = self;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
         TARGET(LOAD_ATTR_MODULE) {
-            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
+            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 10;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_ATTR_MODULE);
             static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_ATTR == 9, "incorrect cache size");
-            PyObject *owner;
-            PyObject *attr;
-            PyObject *null = NULL;
+            _PyStackRef owner;
+            _PyStackRef attr;
+            _PyStackRef null = PyStackRef_NULL;
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
             // _CHECK_ATTR_MODULE
-            owner = stack_pointer[-1];
             {
+                owner = stack_pointer[-1];
                 uint32_t dict_version = read_u32(&this_instr[2].cache);
-                DEOPT_IF(!PyModule_CheckExact(owner), LOAD_ATTR);
-                PyDictObject *dict = (PyDictObject *)((PyModuleObject *)owner)->md_dict;
+                PyObject *owner_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner);
+                DEOPT_IF(!PyModule_CheckExact(owner_o), LOAD_ATTR);
+                PyDictObject *dict = (PyDictObject *)((PyModuleObject *)owner_o)->md_dict;
                 assert(dict != NULL);
                 DEOPT_IF(dict->ma_keys->dk_version != dict_version, LOAD_ATTR);
             }
             // _LOAD_ATTR_MODULE
             {
                 uint16_t index = read_u16(&this_instr[4].cache);
-                PyDictObject *dict = (PyDictObject *)((PyModuleObject *)owner)->md_dict;
+                PyObject *owner_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner);
+                PyDictObject *dict = (PyDictObject *)((PyModuleObject *)owner_o)->md_dict;
                 assert(dict->ma_keys->dk_kind == DICT_KEYS_UNICODE);
                 assert(index < dict->ma_keys->dk_nentries);
                 PyDictUnicodeEntry *ep = DK_UNICODE_ENTRIES(dict->ma_keys) + index;
-                attr = ep->me_value;
-                DEOPT_IF(attr == NULL, LOAD_ATTR);
+                PyObject *attr_o = ep->me_value;
+                DEOPT_IF(attr_o == NULL, LOAD_ATTR);
                 STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
-                Py_INCREF(attr);
-                null = NULL;
-                Py_DECREF(owner);
+                Py_INCREF(attr_o);
+                attr = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(attr_o);
+                null = PyStackRef_NULL;
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(owner);
             }
             /* Skip 5 cache entries */
             stack_pointer[-1] = attr;
             if (oparg & 1) stack_pointer[0] = null;
             stack_pointer += (oparg & 1);
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
         TARGET(LOAD_ATTR_NONDESCRIPTOR_NO_DICT) {
-            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
+            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 10;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_ATTR_NONDESCRIPTOR_NO_DICT);
             static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_ATTR == 9, "incorrect cache size");
-            PyObject *owner;
-            PyObject *attr;
+            _PyStackRef owner;
+            _PyStackRef attr;
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
             // _GUARD_TYPE_VERSION
-            owner = stack_pointer[-1];
             {
+                owner = stack_pointer[-1];
                 uint32_t type_version = read_u32(&this_instr[2].cache);
-                PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(owner);
+                PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner));
                 assert(type_version != 0);
                 DEOPT_IF(tp->tp_version_tag != type_version, LOAD_ATTR);
             }
@@ -4062,41 +5645,42 @@
             {
                 PyObject *descr = read_obj(&this_instr[6].cache);
                 assert((oparg & 1) == 0);
-                assert(Py_TYPE(owner)->tp_dictoffset == 0);
+                assert(Py_TYPE(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner))->tp_dictoffset == 0);
                 STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
                 assert(descr != NULL);
-                Py_DECREF(owner);
-                attr = Py_NewRef(descr);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(owner);
+                attr = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(descr);
             }
             stack_pointer[-1] = attr;
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
         TARGET(LOAD_ATTR_NONDESCRIPTOR_WITH_VALUES) {
-            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
+            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 10;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_ATTR_NONDESCRIPTOR_WITH_VALUES);
             static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_ATTR == 9, "incorrect cache size");
-            PyObject *owner;
-            PyObject *attr;
+            _PyStackRef owner;
+            _PyStackRef attr;
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
             // _GUARD_TYPE_VERSION
-            owner = stack_pointer[-1];
             {
+                owner = stack_pointer[-1];
                 uint32_t type_version = read_u32(&this_instr[2].cache);
-                PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(owner);
+                PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner));
                 assert(type_version != 0);
                 DEOPT_IF(tp->tp_version_tag != type_version, LOAD_ATTR);
             }
             // _GUARD_DORV_VALUES_INST_ATTR_FROM_DICT
             {
-                assert(Py_TYPE(owner)->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_INLINE_VALUES);
-                DEOPT_IF(!_PyObject_InlineValues(owner)->valid, LOAD_ATTR);
+                PyObject *owner_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner);
+                assert(Py_TYPE(owner_o)->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_INLINE_VALUES);
+                DEOPT_IF(!_PyObject_InlineValues(owner_o)->valid, LOAD_ATTR);
             }
             // _GUARD_KEYS_VERSION
             {
                 uint32_t keys_version = read_u32(&this_instr[4].cache);
-                PyTypeObject *owner_cls = Py_TYPE(owner);
+                PyTypeObject *owner_cls = Py_TYPE(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner));
                 PyHeapTypeObject *owner_heap_type = (PyHeapTypeObject *)owner_cls;
                 DEOPT_IF(owner_heap_type->ht_cached_keys->dk_version != keys_version, LOAD_ATTR);
             }
@@ -4106,131 +5690,164 @@
                 assert((oparg & 1) == 0);
                 STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
                 assert(descr != NULL);
-                Py_DECREF(owner);
-                attr = Py_NewRef(descr);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(owner);
+                attr = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(descr);
             }
             stack_pointer[-1] = attr;
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
         TARGET(LOAD_ATTR_PROPERTY) {
-            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
+            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 10;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_ATTR_PROPERTY);
             static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_ATTR == 9, "incorrect cache size");
-            PyObject *owner;
+            _PyStackRef owner;
+            _PyInterpreterFrame *new_frame;
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
-            owner = stack_pointer[-1];
-            uint32_t type_version = read_u32(&this_instr[2].cache);
-            uint32_t func_version = read_u32(&this_instr[4].cache);
-            PyObject *fget = read_obj(&this_instr[6].cache);
-            assert((oparg & 1) == 0);
-            DEOPT_IF(tstate->interp->eval_frame, LOAD_ATTR);
-            PyTypeObject *cls = Py_TYPE(owner);
-            assert(type_version != 0);
-            DEOPT_IF(cls->tp_version_tag != type_version, LOAD_ATTR);
-            assert(Py_IS_TYPE(fget, &PyFunction_Type));
-            PyFunctionObject *f = (PyFunctionObject *)fget;
-            assert(func_version != 0);
-            DEOPT_IF(f->func_version != func_version, LOAD_ATTR);
-            PyCodeObject *code = (PyCodeObject *)f->func_code;
-            assert(code->co_argcount == 1);
-            DEOPT_IF(!_PyThreadState_HasStackSpace(tstate, code->co_framesize), LOAD_ATTR);
-            STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
-            Py_INCREF(fget);
-            _PyInterpreterFrame *new_frame = _PyFrame_PushUnchecked(tstate, f, 1);
-            // Manipulate stack directly because we exit with DISPATCH_INLINED().
-            STACK_SHRINK(1);
-            new_frame->localsplus[0] = owner;
-            frame->return_offset = (uint16_t)(next_instr - this_instr);
-            DISPATCH_INLINED(new_frame);
+            // _CHECK_PEP_523
+            {
+                DEOPT_IF(tstate->interp->eval_frame, LOAD_ATTR);
+            }
+            // _GUARD_TYPE_VERSION
+            {
+                owner = stack_pointer[-1];
+                uint32_t type_version = read_u32(&this_instr[2].cache);
+                PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner));
+                assert(type_version != 0);
+                DEOPT_IF(tp->tp_version_tag != type_version, LOAD_ATTR);
+            }
+            /* Skip 2 cache entries */
+            // _LOAD_ATTR_PROPERTY_FRAME
+            {
+                PyObject *fget = read_obj(&this_instr[6].cache);
+                assert((oparg & 1) == 0);
+                assert(Py_IS_TYPE(fget, &PyFunction_Type));
+                PyFunctionObject *f = (PyFunctionObject *)fget;
+                PyCodeObject *code = (PyCodeObject *)f->func_code;
+                DEOPT_IF((code->co_flags & (CO_VARKEYWORDS | CO_VARARGS | CO_OPTIMIZED)) != CO_OPTIMIZED, LOAD_ATTR);
+                DEOPT_IF(code->co_kwonlyargcount, LOAD_ATTR);
+                DEOPT_IF(code->co_argcount != 1, LOAD_ATTR);
+                DEOPT_IF(!_PyThreadState_HasStackSpace(tstate, code->co_framesize), LOAD_ATTR);
+                STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
+                new_frame = _PyFrame_PushUnchecked(tstate, PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(fget), 1, frame);
+                new_frame->localsplus[0] = owner;
+            }
+            // _SAVE_RETURN_OFFSET
+            {
+                #if TIER_ONE
+                frame->return_offset = (uint16_t)(next_instr - this_instr);
+                #endif
+                #if TIER_TWO
+                frame->return_offset = oparg;
+                #endif
+            }
+            // _PUSH_FRAME
+            {
+                // Write it out explicitly because it's subtly different.
+                // Eventually this should be the only occurrence of this code.
+                assert(tstate->interp->eval_frame == NULL);
+                _PyInterpreterFrame *temp = new_frame;
+                stack_pointer += -1;
+                assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                assert(new_frame->previous == frame || new_frame->previous->previous == frame);
+                CALL_STAT_INC(inlined_py_calls);
+                frame = tstate->current_frame = temp;
+                tstate->py_recursion_remaining--;
+                LOAD_SP();
+                LOAD_IP(0);
+                LLTRACE_RESUME_FRAME();
+            }
+            DISPATCH();
         }
 
         TARGET(LOAD_ATTR_SLOT) {
-            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
+            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 10;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_ATTR_SLOT);
             static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_ATTR == 9, "incorrect cache size");
-            PyObject *owner;
-            PyObject *attr;
-            PyObject *null = NULL;
+            _PyStackRef owner;
+            _PyStackRef attr;
+            _PyStackRef null = PyStackRef_NULL;
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
             // _GUARD_TYPE_VERSION
-            owner = stack_pointer[-1];
             {
+                owner = stack_pointer[-1];
                 uint32_t type_version = read_u32(&this_instr[2].cache);
-                PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(owner);
+                PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner));
                 assert(type_version != 0);
                 DEOPT_IF(tp->tp_version_tag != type_version, LOAD_ATTR);
             }
             // _LOAD_ATTR_SLOT
             {
                 uint16_t index = read_u16(&this_instr[4].cache);
-                char *addr = (char *)owner + index;
-                attr = *(PyObject **)addr;
-                DEOPT_IF(attr == NULL, LOAD_ATTR);
+                PyObject *owner_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner);
+                char *addr = (char *)owner_o + index;
+                PyObject *attr_o = *(PyObject **)addr;
+                DEOPT_IF(attr_o == NULL, LOAD_ATTR);
                 STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
-                Py_INCREF(attr);
-                null = NULL;
-                Py_DECREF(owner);
+                null = PyStackRef_NULL;
+                attr = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(attr_o);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(owner);
             }
             /* Skip 5 cache entries */
             stack_pointer[-1] = attr;
             if (oparg & 1) stack_pointer[0] = null;
             stack_pointer += (oparg & 1);
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
         TARGET(LOAD_ATTR_WITH_HINT) {
-            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
+            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 10;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_ATTR_WITH_HINT);
             static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_ATTR == 9, "incorrect cache size");
-            PyObject *owner;
-            PyObject *attr;
-            PyObject *null = NULL;
+            _PyStackRef owner;
+            _PyStackRef attr;
+            _PyStackRef null = PyStackRef_NULL;
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
             // _GUARD_TYPE_VERSION
-            owner = stack_pointer[-1];
             {
+                owner = stack_pointer[-1];
                 uint32_t type_version = read_u32(&this_instr[2].cache);
-                PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(owner);
+                PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner));
                 assert(type_version != 0);
                 DEOPT_IF(tp->tp_version_tag != type_version, LOAD_ATTR);
             }
             // _CHECK_ATTR_WITH_HINT
             {
-                assert(Py_TYPE(owner)->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT);
-                PyDictObject *dict = _PyObject_GetManagedDict(owner);
+                PyObject *owner_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner);
+                assert(Py_TYPE(owner_o)->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT);
+                PyDictObject *dict = _PyObject_GetManagedDict(owner_o);
                 DEOPT_IF(dict == NULL, LOAD_ATTR);
                 assert(PyDict_CheckExact((PyObject *)dict));
             }
             // _LOAD_ATTR_WITH_HINT
             {
                 uint16_t hint = read_u16(&this_instr[4].cache);
-                PyDictObject *dict = _PyObject_GetManagedDict(owner);
+                PyObject *owner_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner);
+                PyObject *attr_o;
+                PyDictObject *dict = _PyObject_GetManagedDict(owner_o);
                 DEOPT_IF(hint >= (size_t)dict->ma_keys->dk_nentries, LOAD_ATTR);
                 PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg>>1);
-                if (DK_IS_UNICODE(dict->ma_keys)) {
-                    PyDictUnicodeEntry *ep = DK_UNICODE_ENTRIES(dict->ma_keys) + hint;
-                    DEOPT_IF(ep->me_key != name, LOAD_ATTR);
-                    attr = ep->me_value;
-                }
-                else {
-                    PyDictKeyEntry *ep = DK_ENTRIES(dict->ma_keys) + hint;
-                    DEOPT_IF(ep->me_key != name, LOAD_ATTR);
-                    attr = ep->me_value;
-                }
-                DEOPT_IF(attr == NULL, LOAD_ATTR);
+                DEOPT_IF(!DK_IS_UNICODE(dict->ma_keys), LOAD_ATTR);
+                PyDictUnicodeEntry *ep = DK_UNICODE_ENTRIES(dict->ma_keys) + hint;
+                DEOPT_IF(ep->me_key != name, LOAD_ATTR);
+                attr_o = ep->me_value;
+                DEOPT_IF(attr_o == NULL, LOAD_ATTR);
                 STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
-                Py_INCREF(attr);
-                null = NULL;
-                Py_DECREF(owner);
+                Py_INCREF(attr_o);
+                attr = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(attr_o);
+                null = PyStackRef_NULL;
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(owner);
             }
             /* Skip 5 cache entries */
             stack_pointer[-1] = attr;
             if (oparg & 1) stack_pointer[0] = null;
             stack_pointer += (oparg & 1);
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -4238,15 +5855,23 @@
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_BUILD_CLASS);
-            PyObject *bc;
-            if (PyMapping_GetOptionalItem(BUILTINS(), &_Py_ID(__build_class__), &bc) < 0) goto error;
-            if (bc == NULL) {
+            _PyStackRef bc;
+            PyObject *bc_o;
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            int err = PyMapping_GetOptionalItem(BUILTINS(), &_Py_ID(__build_class__), &bc_o);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            if (err < 0) goto error;
+            if (bc_o == NULL) {
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                 _PyErr_SetString(tstate, PyExc_NameError,
                                  "__build_class__ not found");
-                if (true) goto error;
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                goto error;
             }
+            bc = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(bc_o);
             stack_pointer[0] = bc;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -4254,20 +5879,21 @@
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_COMMON_CONSTANT);
-            PyObject *value;
+            _PyStackRef value;
             // Keep in sync with _common_constants in opcode.py
-            switch(oparg) {
-                case CONSTANT_ASSERTIONERROR:
-                value = PyExc_AssertionError;
-                break;
-                case CONSTANT_NOTIMPLEMENTEDERROR:
-                value = PyExc_NotImplementedError;
-                break;
-                default:
-                Py_FatalError("bad LOAD_COMMON_CONSTANT oparg");
+            // If we ever have more than two constants, use a lookup table
+            PyObject *val;
+            if (oparg == CONSTANT_ASSERTIONERROR) {
+                val = PyExc_AssertionError;
+            }
+            else {
+                assert(oparg == CONSTANT_NOTIMPLEMENTEDERROR);
+                val = PyExc_NotImplementedError;
             }
+            value = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectImmortal(val);
             stack_pointer[0] = value;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -4275,11 +5901,11 @@
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_CONST);
-            PyObject *value;
-            value = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_CONSTS, oparg);
-            Py_INCREF(value);
+            _PyStackRef value;
+            value = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(GETITEM(FRAME_CO_CONSTS, oparg));
             stack_pointer[0] = value;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -4287,15 +5913,19 @@
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_DEREF);
-            PyObject *value;
-            PyCellObject *cell = (PyCellObject *)GETLOCAL(oparg);
-            value = PyCell_GetRef(cell);
-            if (value == NULL) {
+            _PyStackRef value;
+            PyCellObject *cell = (PyCellObject *)PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(GETLOCAL(oparg));
+            PyObject *value_o = PyCell_GetRef(cell);
+            if (value_o == NULL) {
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                 _PyEval_FormatExcUnbound(tstate, _PyFrame_GetCode(frame), oparg);
-                if (true) goto error;
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                goto error;
             }
+            value = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(value_o);
             stack_pointer[0] = value;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -4303,12 +5933,12 @@
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_FAST);
-            PyObject *value;
-            value = GETLOCAL(oparg);
-            assert(value != NULL);
-            Py_INCREF(value);
+            _PyStackRef value;
+            assert(!PyStackRef_IsNull(GETLOCAL(oparg)));
+            value = PyStackRef_DUP(GETLOCAL(oparg));
             stack_pointer[0] = value;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -4316,12 +5946,13 @@
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_FAST_AND_CLEAR);
-            PyObject *value;
+            _PyStackRef value;
             value = GETLOCAL(oparg);
             // do not use SETLOCAL here, it decrefs the old value
-            GETLOCAL(oparg) = NULL;
+            GETLOCAL(oparg) = PyStackRef_NULL;
             stack_pointer[0] = value;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -4329,18 +5960,21 @@
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_FAST_CHECK);
-            PyObject *value;
-            value = GETLOCAL(oparg);
-            if (value == NULL) {
+            _PyStackRef value;
+            _PyStackRef value_s = GETLOCAL(oparg);
+            if (PyStackRef_IsNull(value_s)) {
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                 _PyEval_FormatExcCheckArg(tstate, PyExc_UnboundLocalError,
                     UNBOUNDLOCAL_ERROR_MSG,
                     PyTuple_GetItem(_PyFrame_GetCode(frame)->co_localsplusnames, oparg)
                 );
-                if (1) goto error;
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                goto error;
             }
-            Py_INCREF(value);
+            value = PyStackRef_DUP(value_s);
             stack_pointer[0] = value;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -4348,17 +5982,16 @@
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_FAST_LOAD_FAST);
-            PyObject *value1;
-            PyObject *value2;
+            _PyStackRef value1;
+            _PyStackRef value2;
             uint32_t oparg1 = oparg >> 4;
             uint32_t oparg2 = oparg & 15;
-            value1 = GETLOCAL(oparg1);
-            value2 = GETLOCAL(oparg2);
-            Py_INCREF(value1);
-            Py_INCREF(value2);
+            value1 = PyStackRef_DUP(GETLOCAL(oparg1));
+            value2 = PyStackRef_DUP(GETLOCAL(oparg2));
             stack_pointer[0] = value1;
             stack_pointer[1] = value2;
             stack_pointer += 2;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -4366,25 +5999,33 @@
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_FROM_DICT_OR_DEREF);
-            PyObject *class_dict;
-            PyObject *value;
-            class_dict = stack_pointer[-1];
+            _PyStackRef class_dict_st;
+            _PyStackRef value;
+            class_dict_st = stack_pointer[-1];
+            PyObject *value_o;
             PyObject *name;
+            PyObject *class_dict = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(class_dict_st);
             assert(class_dict);
             assert(oparg >= 0 && oparg < _PyFrame_GetCode(frame)->co_nlocalsplus);
             name = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(_PyFrame_GetCode(frame)->co_localsplusnames, oparg);
-            if (PyMapping_GetOptionalItem(class_dict, name, &value) < 0) {
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            int err = PyMapping_GetOptionalItem(class_dict, name, &value_o);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            if (err < 0) {
                 goto error;
             }
-            if (!value) {
-                PyCellObject *cell = (PyCellObject *)GETLOCAL(oparg);
-                value = PyCell_GetRef(cell);
-                if (value == NULL) {
+            if (!value_o) {
+                PyCellObject *cell = (PyCellObject *)PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(GETLOCAL(oparg));
+                value_o = PyCell_GetRef(cell);
+                if (value_o == NULL) {
+                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                     _PyEval_FormatExcUnbound(tstate, _PyFrame_GetCode(frame), oparg);
+                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                     goto error;
                 }
             }
-            Py_DECREF(class_dict);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(class_dict_st);
+            value = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(value_o);
             stack_pointer[-1] = value;
             DISPATCH();
         }
@@ -4393,26 +6034,35 @@
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_FROM_DICT_OR_GLOBALS);
-            PyObject *mod_or_class_dict;
-            PyObject *v;
+            _PyStackRef mod_or_class_dict;
+            _PyStackRef v;
             mod_or_class_dict = stack_pointer[-1];
             PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg);
-            if (PyMapping_GetOptionalItem(mod_or_class_dict, name, &v) < 0) {
-                goto error;
-            }
-            if (v == NULL) {
+            PyObject *v_o;
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            int err = PyMapping_GetOptionalItem(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(mod_or_class_dict), name, &v_o);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(mod_or_class_dict);
+            if (err < 0) goto pop_1_error;
+            if (v_o == NULL) {
                 if (PyDict_CheckExact(GLOBALS())
                     && PyDict_CheckExact(BUILTINS()))
                 {
-                    v = _PyDict_LoadGlobal((PyDictObject *)GLOBALS(),
+                    stack_pointer += -1;
+                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                    v_o = _PyDict_LoadGlobal((PyDictObject *)GLOBALS(),
                         (PyDictObject *)BUILTINS(),
                         name);
-                    if (v == NULL) {
+                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                    if (v_o == NULL) {
                         if (!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
                             /* _PyDict_LoadGlobal() returns NULL without raising
                              * an exception if the key doesn't exist */
+                            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                             _PyEval_FormatExcCheckArg(tstate, PyExc_NameError,
                                 NAME_ERROR_MSG, name);
+                            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                         }
                         goto error;
                     }
@@ -4420,20 +6070,32 @@
                 else {
                     /* Slow-path if globals or builtins is not a dict */
                     /* namespace 1: globals */
-                    if (PyMapping_GetOptionalItem(GLOBALS(), name, &v) < 0) goto pop_1_error;
-                    if (v == NULL) {
+                    stack_pointer += -1;
+                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                    int err = PyMapping_GetOptionalItem(GLOBALS(), name, &v_o);
+                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                    if (err < 0) goto error;
+                    if (v_o == NULL) {
                         /* namespace 2: builtins */
-                        if (PyMapping_GetOptionalItem(BUILTINS(), name, &v) < 0) goto pop_1_error;
-                        if (v == NULL) {
+                        _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                        int err = PyMapping_GetOptionalItem(BUILTINS(), name, &v_o);
+                        stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                        if (err < 0) goto error;
+                        if (v_o == NULL) {
+                            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                             _PyEval_FormatExcCheckArg(
                                 tstate, PyExc_NameError,
                                 NAME_ERROR_MSG, name);
-                            if (true) goto pop_1_error;
+                            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                            goto error;
                         }
                     }
                 }
+                stack_pointer += 1;
+                assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             }
-            Py_DECREF(mod_or_class_dict);
+            v = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(v_o);
             stack_pointer[-1] = v;
             DISPATCH();
         }
@@ -4443,10 +6105,10 @@
             next_instr += 5;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_GLOBAL);
             PREDICTED(LOAD_GLOBAL);
-            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = next_instr - 5;
+            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = next_instr - 5;
             (void)this_instr;
-            PyObject *res;
-            PyObject *null = NULL;
+            _PyStackRef *res;
+            _PyStackRef null = PyStackRef_NULL;
             // _SPECIALIZE_LOAD_GLOBAL
             {
                 uint16_t counter = read_u16(&this_instr[1].cache);
@@ -4455,10 +6117,12 @@
                 if (ADAPTIVE_COUNTER_TRIGGERS(counter)) {
                     PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg>>1);
                     next_instr = this_instr;
+                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                     _Py_Specialize_LoadGlobal(GLOBALS(), BUILTINS(), next_instr, name);
+                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                     DISPATCH_SAME_OPARG();
                 }
-                STAT_INC(LOAD_GLOBAL, deferred);
+                OPCODE_DEFERRED_INC(LOAD_GLOBAL);
                 ADVANCE_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(this_instr[1].counter);
                 #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
             }
@@ -4467,53 +6131,28 @@
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
             // _LOAD_GLOBAL
             {
+                res = &stack_pointer[0];
                 PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg>>1);
-                if (PyDict_CheckExact(GLOBALS())
-                    && PyDict_CheckExact(BUILTINS()))
-                {
-                    res = _PyDict_LoadGlobal((PyDictObject *)GLOBALS(),
-                        (PyDictObject *)BUILTINS(),
-                        name);
-                    if (res == NULL) {
-                        if (!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
-                            /* _PyDict_LoadGlobal() returns NULL without raising
-                             * an exception if the key doesn't exist */
-                            _PyEval_FormatExcCheckArg(tstate, PyExc_NameError,
-                                NAME_ERROR_MSG, name);
-                        }
-                        if (true) goto error;
-                    }
-                }
-                else {
-                    /* Slow-path if globals or builtins is not a dict */
-                    /* namespace 1: globals */
-                    if (PyMapping_GetOptionalItem(GLOBALS(), name, &res) < 0) goto error;
-                    if (res == NULL) {
-                        /* namespace 2: builtins */
-                        if (PyMapping_GetOptionalItem(BUILTINS(), name, &res) < 0) goto error;
-                        if (res == NULL) {
-                            _PyEval_FormatExcCheckArg(
-                                tstate, PyExc_NameError,
-                                NAME_ERROR_MSG, name);
-                            if (true) goto error;
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-                null = NULL;
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                _PyEval_LoadGlobalStackRef(GLOBALS(), BUILTINS(), name, res);
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                if (PyStackRef_IsNull(*res)) goto error;
+                null = PyStackRef_NULL;
             }
-            stack_pointer[0] = res;
             if (oparg & 1) stack_pointer[1] = null;
             stack_pointer += 1 + (oparg & 1);
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
         TARGET(LOAD_GLOBAL_BUILTIN) {
-            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
+            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 5;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_GLOBAL_BUILTIN);
             static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_GLOBAL == 4, "incorrect cache size");
-            PyObject *res;
-            PyObject *null = NULL;
+            PyDictKeysObject *builtins_keys;
+            _PyStackRef res;
+            _PyStackRef null = PyStackRef_NULL;
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
             // _GUARD_GLOBALS_VERSION
             {
@@ -4523,62 +6162,67 @@
                 DEOPT_IF(dict->ma_keys->dk_version != version, LOAD_GLOBAL);
                 assert(DK_IS_UNICODE(dict->ma_keys));
             }
-            // _GUARD_BUILTINS_VERSION
+            // _GUARD_BUILTINS_VERSION_PUSH_KEYS
             {
                 uint16_t version = read_u16(&this_instr[3].cache);
                 PyDictObject *dict = (PyDictObject *)BUILTINS();
                 DEOPT_IF(!PyDict_CheckExact(dict), LOAD_GLOBAL);
                 DEOPT_IF(dict->ma_keys->dk_version != version, LOAD_GLOBAL);
-                assert(DK_IS_UNICODE(dict->ma_keys));
+                builtins_keys = dict->ma_keys;
+                assert(DK_IS_UNICODE(builtins_keys));
             }
-            // _LOAD_GLOBAL_BUILTINS
+            // _LOAD_GLOBAL_BUILTINS_FROM_KEYS
             {
                 uint16_t index = read_u16(&this_instr[4].cache);
-                PyDictObject *bdict = (PyDictObject *)BUILTINS();
-                PyDictUnicodeEntry *entries = DK_UNICODE_ENTRIES(bdict->ma_keys);
-                res = entries[index].me_value;
-                DEOPT_IF(res == NULL, LOAD_GLOBAL);
-                Py_INCREF(res);
+                PyDictUnicodeEntry *entries = DK_UNICODE_ENTRIES(builtins_keys);
+                PyObject *res_o = entries[index].me_value;
+                DEOPT_IF(res_o == NULL, LOAD_GLOBAL);
+                Py_INCREF(res_o);
                 STAT_INC(LOAD_GLOBAL, hit);
-                null = NULL;
+                null = PyStackRef_NULL;
+                res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
             }
             stack_pointer[0] = res;
             if (oparg & 1) stack_pointer[1] = null;
             stack_pointer += 1 + (oparg & 1);
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
         TARGET(LOAD_GLOBAL_MODULE) {
-            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
+            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 5;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_GLOBAL_MODULE);
             static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_GLOBAL == 4, "incorrect cache size");
-            PyObject *res;
-            PyObject *null = NULL;
+            PyDictKeysObject *globals_keys;
+            _PyStackRef res;
+            _PyStackRef null = PyStackRef_NULL;
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
-            // _GUARD_GLOBALS_VERSION
+            // _GUARD_GLOBALS_VERSION_PUSH_KEYS
             {
                 uint16_t version = read_u16(&this_instr[2].cache);
                 PyDictObject *dict = (PyDictObject *)GLOBALS();
                 DEOPT_IF(!PyDict_CheckExact(dict), LOAD_GLOBAL);
                 DEOPT_IF(dict->ma_keys->dk_version != version, LOAD_GLOBAL);
-                assert(DK_IS_UNICODE(dict->ma_keys));
+                globals_keys = dict->ma_keys;
+                assert(DK_IS_UNICODE(globals_keys));
             }
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
-            // _LOAD_GLOBAL_MODULE
+            // _LOAD_GLOBAL_MODULE_FROM_KEYS
             {
                 uint16_t index = read_u16(&this_instr[4].cache);
-                PyDictObject *dict = (PyDictObject *)GLOBALS();
-                PyDictUnicodeEntry *entries = DK_UNICODE_ENTRIES(dict->ma_keys);
-                res = entries[index].me_value;
-                DEOPT_IF(res == NULL, LOAD_GLOBAL);
-                Py_INCREF(res);
+                PyDictUnicodeEntry *entries = DK_UNICODE_ENTRIES(globals_keys);
+                PyObject *res_o = entries[index].me_value;
+                DEOPT_IF(res_o == NULL, LOAD_GLOBAL);
+                Py_INCREF(res_o);
                 STAT_INC(LOAD_GLOBAL, hit);
-                null = NULL;
+                null = PyStackRef_NULL;
+                res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
             }
             stack_pointer[0] = res;
             if (oparg & 1) stack_pointer[1] = null;
             stack_pointer += 1 + (oparg & 1);
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -4586,16 +6230,19 @@
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_LOCALS);
-            PyObject *locals;
-            locals = LOCALS();
-            if (locals == NULL) {
+            _PyStackRef locals;
+            PyObject *l = LOCALS();
+            if (l == NULL) {
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                 _PyErr_SetString(tstate, PyExc_SystemError,
                                  "no locals found");
-                if (true) goto error;
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                goto error;
             }
-            Py_INCREF(locals);
+            locals = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(l);
             stack_pointer[0] = locals;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -4603,35 +6250,53 @@
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_NAME);
-            PyObject *v;
-            PyObject *mod_or_class_dict = LOCALS();
-            if (mod_or_class_dict == NULL) {
-                _PyErr_SetString(tstate, PyExc_SystemError,
-                                 "no locals found");
-                if (true) goto error;
-            }
+            _PyStackRef v;
             PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg);
-            if (PyMapping_GetOptionalItem(mod_or_class_dict, name, &v) < 0) {
-                goto error;
-            }
-            if (v == NULL) {
-                if (PyDict_GetItemRef(GLOBALS(), name, &v) < 0) {
-                    goto error;
-                }
-                if (v == NULL) {
-                    if (PyMapping_GetOptionalItem(BUILTINS(), name, &v) < 0) {
-                        goto error;
-                    }
-                    if (v == NULL) {
-                        _PyEval_FormatExcCheckArg(
-                            tstate, PyExc_NameError,
-                            NAME_ERROR_MSG, name);
-                        goto error;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            PyObject *v_o = _PyEval_LoadName(tstate, frame, name);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            if (v_o == NULL) goto error;
+            v = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(v_o);
             stack_pointer[0] = v;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(LOAD_SPECIAL) {
+            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
+            next_instr += 1;
+            INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_SPECIAL);
+            _PyStackRef owner;
+            _PyStackRef attr;
+            _PyStackRef self_or_null;
+            owner = stack_pointer[-1];
+            assert(oparg <= SPECIAL_MAX);
+            PyObject *owner_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(owner);
+            PyObject *name = _Py_SpecialMethods[oparg].name;
+            PyObject *self_or_null_o;
+            stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            PyObject *attr_o = _PyObject_LookupSpecialMethod(owner_o, name, &self_or_null_o);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            if (attr_o == NULL) {
+                if (!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
+                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                    _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
+                                  _Py_SpecialMethods[oparg].error,
+                                  Py_TYPE(owner_o)->tp_name);
+                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                }
+                goto error;
+            }
+            attr = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(attr_o);
+            self_or_null = self_or_null_o == NULL ?
+            PyStackRef_NULL : PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(self_or_null_o);
+            stack_pointer[0] = attr;
+            stack_pointer[1] = self_or_null;
+            stack_pointer += 2;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -4640,73 +6305,97 @@
             next_instr += 2;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_SUPER_ATTR);
             PREDICTED(LOAD_SUPER_ATTR);
-            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = next_instr - 2;
+            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = next_instr - 2;
             (void)this_instr;
-            PyObject *class;
-            PyObject *global_super;
-            PyObject *self;
-            PyObject *attr;
-            PyObject *null = NULL;
+            _PyStackRef global_super_st;
+            _PyStackRef class_st;
+            _PyStackRef self_st;
+            _PyStackRef attr;
+            _PyStackRef null = PyStackRef_NULL;
             // _SPECIALIZE_LOAD_SUPER_ATTR
-            class = stack_pointer[-2];
-            global_super = stack_pointer[-3];
             {
+                class_st = stack_pointer[-2];
+                global_super_st = stack_pointer[-3];
                 uint16_t counter = read_u16(&this_instr[1].cache);
                 (void)counter;
                 #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
                 int load_method = oparg & 1;
                 if (ADAPTIVE_COUNTER_TRIGGERS(counter)) {
                     next_instr = this_instr;
-                    _Py_Specialize_LoadSuperAttr(global_super, class, next_instr, load_method);
+                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                    _Py_Specialize_LoadSuperAttr(global_super_st, class_st, next_instr, load_method);
+                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                     DISPATCH_SAME_OPARG();
                 }
-                STAT_INC(LOAD_SUPER_ATTR, deferred);
+                OPCODE_DEFERRED_INC(LOAD_SUPER_ATTR);
                 ADVANCE_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(this_instr[1].counter);
                 #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
             }
             // _LOAD_SUPER_ATTR
-            self = stack_pointer[-1];
             {
+                self_st = stack_pointer[-1];
+                PyObject *global_super = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(global_super_st);
+                PyObject *class = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(class_st);
+                PyObject *self = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(self_st);
                 if (opcode == INSTRUMENTED_LOAD_SUPER_ATTR) {
                     PyObject *arg = oparg & 2 ? class : &_PyInstrumentation_MISSING;
+                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                     int err = _Py_call_instrumentation_2args(
                         tstate, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_CALL,
                         frame, this_instr, global_super, arg);
-                    if (err) goto pop_3_error;
+                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                    if (err) {
+                        PyStackRef_CLOSE(global_super_st);
+                        PyStackRef_CLOSE(class_st);
+                        PyStackRef_CLOSE(self_st);
+                        goto pop_3_error;
+                    }
                 }
                 // we make no attempt to optimize here; specializations should
                 // handle any case whose performance we care about
                 PyObject *stack[] = {class, self};
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                 PyObject *super = PyObject_Vectorcall(global_super, stack, oparg & 2, NULL);
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                 if (opcode == INSTRUMENTED_LOAD_SUPER_ATTR) {
                     PyObject *arg = oparg & 2 ? class : &_PyInstrumentation_MISSING;
                     if (super == NULL) {
+                        _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                         _Py_call_instrumentation_exc2(
                             tstate, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_C_RAISE,
                             frame, this_instr, global_super, arg);
+                        stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                     }
                     else {
+                        _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                         int err = _Py_call_instrumentation_2args(
                             tstate, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_C_RETURN,
                             frame, this_instr, global_super, arg);
+                        stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                         if (err < 0) {
                             Py_CLEAR(super);
                         }
                     }
                 }
-                Py_DECREF(global_super);
-                Py_DECREF(class);
-                Py_DECREF(self);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(global_super_st);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(class_st);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(self_st);
                 if (super == NULL) goto pop_3_error;
                 PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg >> 2);
-                attr = PyObject_GetAttr(super, name);
+                stack_pointer += -3;
+                assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                PyObject *attr_o = PyObject_GetAttr(super, name);
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                 Py_DECREF(super);
-                if (attr == NULL) goto pop_3_error;
-                null = NULL;
+                if (attr_o == NULL) goto error;
+                attr = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(attr_o);
+                null = PyStackRef_NULL;
             }
-            stack_pointer[-3] = attr;
-            if (oparg & 1) stack_pointer[-2] = null;
-            stack_pointer += -2 + (oparg & 1);
+            stack_pointer[0] = attr;
+            if (oparg & 1) stack_pointer[1] = null;
+            stack_pointer += 1 + (oparg & 1);
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -4715,26 +6404,33 @@
             next_instr += 2;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_SUPER_ATTR_ATTR);
             static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_SUPER_ATTR == 1, "incorrect cache size");
-            PyObject *self;
-            PyObject *class;
-            PyObject *global_super;
-            PyObject *attr;
+            _PyStackRef global_super_st;
+            _PyStackRef class_st;
+            _PyStackRef self_st;
+            _PyStackRef attr_st;
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
-            self = stack_pointer[-1];
-            class = stack_pointer[-2];
-            global_super = stack_pointer[-3];
+            self_st = stack_pointer[-1];
+            class_st = stack_pointer[-2];
+            global_super_st = stack_pointer[-3];
+            PyObject *global_super = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(global_super_st);
+            PyObject *class = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(class_st);
+            PyObject *self = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(self_st);
             assert(!(oparg & 1));
             DEOPT_IF(global_super != (PyObject *)&PySuper_Type, LOAD_SUPER_ATTR);
             DEOPT_IF(!PyType_Check(class), LOAD_SUPER_ATTR);
             STAT_INC(LOAD_SUPER_ATTR, hit);
             PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg >> 2);
-            attr = _PySuper_Lookup((PyTypeObject *)class, self, name, NULL);
-            Py_DECREF(global_super);
-            Py_DECREF(class);
-            Py_DECREF(self);
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            PyObject *attr = _PySuper_Lookup((PyTypeObject *)class, self, name, NULL);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(global_super_st);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(class_st);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(self_st);
             if (attr == NULL) goto pop_3_error;
-            stack_pointer[-3] = attr;
+            attr_st = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(attr);
+            stack_pointer[-3] = attr_st;
             stack_pointer += -2;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -4743,15 +6439,18 @@
             next_instr += 2;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_SUPER_ATTR_METHOD);
             static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_SUPER_ATTR == 1, "incorrect cache size");
-            PyObject *self;
-            PyObject *class;
-            PyObject *global_super;
-            PyObject *attr;
-            PyObject *self_or_null;
+            _PyStackRef global_super_st;
+            _PyStackRef class_st;
+            _PyStackRef self_st;
+            _PyStackRef attr;
+            _PyStackRef self_or_null;
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
-            self = stack_pointer[-1];
-            class = stack_pointer[-2];
-            global_super = stack_pointer[-3];
+            self_st = stack_pointer[-1];
+            class_st = stack_pointer[-2];
+            global_super_st = stack_pointer[-3];
+            PyObject *global_super = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(global_super_st);
+            PyObject *class = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(class_st);
+            PyObject *self = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(self_st);
             assert(oparg & 1);
             DEOPT_IF(global_super != (PyObject *)&PySuper_Type, LOAD_SUPER_ATTR);
             DEOPT_IF(!PyType_Check(class), LOAD_SUPER_ATTR);
@@ -4759,23 +6458,27 @@
             PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg >> 2);
             PyTypeObject *cls = (PyTypeObject *)class;
             int method_found = 0;
-            attr = _PySuper_Lookup(cls, self, name,
-                                   Py_TYPE(self)->tp_getattro == PyObject_GenericGetAttr ? &method_found : NULL);
-            Py_DECREF(global_super);
-            Py_DECREF(class);
-            if (attr == NULL) {
-                Py_DECREF(self);
-                if (true) goto pop_3_error;
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            PyObject *attr_o = _PySuper_Lookup(cls, self, name,
+                Py_TYPE(self)->tp_getattro == PyObject_GenericGetAttr ? &method_found : NULL);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(global_super_st);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(class_st);
+            if (attr_o == NULL) {
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(self_st);
+                goto pop_3_error;
             }
             if (method_found) {
-                self_or_null = self; // transfer ownership
+                self_or_null = self_st; // transfer ownership
             } else {
-                Py_DECREF(self);
-                self_or_null = NULL;
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(self_st);
+                self_or_null = PyStackRef_NULL;
             }
+            attr = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(attr_o);
             stack_pointer[-3] = attr;
             stack_pointer[-2] = self_or_null;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -4785,12 +6488,12 @@
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(MAKE_CELL);
             // "initial" is probably NULL but not if it's an arg (or set
             // via the f_locals proxy before MAKE_CELL has run).
-            PyObject *initial = GETLOCAL(oparg);
+            PyObject *initial = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(GETLOCAL(oparg));
             PyObject *cell = PyCell_New(initial);
             if (cell == NULL) {
                 goto error;
             }
-            SETLOCAL(oparg, cell);
+            SETLOCAL(oparg, PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(cell));
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -4798,18 +6501,19 @@
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(MAKE_FUNCTION);
-            PyObject *codeobj;
-            PyObject *func;
-            codeobj = stack_pointer[-1];
+            _PyStackRef codeobj_st;
+            _PyStackRef func;
+            codeobj_st = stack_pointer[-1];
+            PyObject *codeobj = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(codeobj_st);
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
             PyFunctionObject *func_obj = (PyFunctionObject *)
             PyFunction_New(codeobj, GLOBALS());
-            Py_DECREF(codeobj);
-            if (func_obj == NULL) {
-                goto error;
-            }
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(codeobj_st);
+            if (func_obj == NULL) goto pop_1_error;
             _PyFunction_SetVersion(
                                    func_obj, ((PyCodeObject *)codeobj)->co_version);
-            func = (PyObject *)func_obj;
+            func = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal((PyObject *)func_obj);
             stack_pointer[-1] = func;
             DISPATCH();
         }
@@ -4818,17 +6522,26 @@
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(MAP_ADD);
-            PyObject *value;
-            PyObject *key;
-            PyObject *dict;
+            _PyStackRef dict_st;
+            _PyStackRef key;
+            _PyStackRef value;
             value = stack_pointer[-1];
             key = stack_pointer[-2];
-            dict = stack_pointer[-3 - (oparg - 1)];
+            dict_st = stack_pointer[-3 - (oparg - 1)];
+            PyObject *dict = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(dict_st);
             assert(PyDict_CheckExact(dict));
             /* dict[key] = value */
             // Do not DECREF INPUTS because the function steals the references
-            if (_PyDict_SetItem_Take2((PyDictObject *)dict, key, value) != 0) goto pop_2_error;
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            int err = _PyDict_SetItem_Take2(
+                (PyDictObject *)dict,
+                PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(key),
+                PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(value)
+            );
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            if (err != 0) goto pop_2_error;
             stack_pointer += -2;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -4836,30 +6549,37 @@
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(MATCH_CLASS);
-            PyObject *names;
-            PyObject *type;
-            PyObject *subject;
-            PyObject *attrs;
+            _PyStackRef subject;
+            _PyStackRef type;
+            _PyStackRef names;
+            _PyStackRef attrs;
             names = stack_pointer[-1];
             type = stack_pointer[-2];
             subject = stack_pointer[-3];
             // Pop TOS and TOS1. Set TOS to a tuple of attributes on success, or
             // None on failure.
-            assert(PyTuple_CheckExact(names));
-            attrs = _PyEval_MatchClass(tstate, subject, type, oparg, names);
-            Py_DECREF(subject);
-            Py_DECREF(type);
-            Py_DECREF(names);
-            if (attrs) {
-                assert(PyTuple_CheckExact(attrs));  // Success!
+            assert(PyTuple_CheckExact(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(names)));
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            PyObject *attrs_o = _PyEval_MatchClass(tstate,
+                PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(subject),
+                PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(type), oparg,
+                PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(names));
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(subject);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(type);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(names);
+            if (attrs_o) {
+                assert(PyTuple_CheckExact(attrs_o));  // Success!
+                attrs = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(attrs_o);
             }
             else {
                 if (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) goto pop_3_error;
                 // Error!
-                attrs = Py_None;  // Failure!
+                attrs = PyStackRef_None;  // Failure!
             }
             stack_pointer[-3] = attrs;
             stack_pointer += -2;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -4867,16 +6587,21 @@
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(MATCH_KEYS);
-            PyObject *keys;
-            PyObject *subject;
-            PyObject *values_or_none;
+            _PyStackRef subject;
+            _PyStackRef keys;
+            _PyStackRef values_or_none;
             keys = stack_pointer[-1];
             subject = stack_pointer[-2];
             // On successful match, PUSH(values). Otherwise, PUSH(None).
-            values_or_none = _PyEval_MatchKeys(tstate, subject, keys);
-            if (values_or_none == NULL) goto error;
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            PyObject *values_or_none_o = _PyEval_MatchKeys(tstate,
+                PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(subject), PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(keys));
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            if (values_or_none_o == NULL) goto error;
+            values_or_none = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(values_or_none_o);
             stack_pointer[0] = values_or_none;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -4884,13 +6609,14 @@
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(MATCH_MAPPING);
-            PyObject *subject;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef subject;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             subject = stack_pointer[-1];
-            int match = Py_TYPE(subject)->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_MAPPING;
-            res = match ? Py_True : Py_False;
+            int match = PyStackRef_TYPE(subject)->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_MAPPING;
+            res = match ? PyStackRef_True : PyStackRef_False;
             stack_pointer[0] = res;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -4898,13 +6624,14 @@
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(MATCH_SEQUENCE);
-            PyObject *subject;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef subject;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             subject = stack_pointer[-1];
-            int match = Py_TYPE(subject)->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_SEQUENCE;
-            res = match ? Py_True : Py_False;
+            int match = PyStackRef_TYPE(subject)->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_SEQUENCE;
+            res = match ? PyStackRef_True : PyStackRef_False;
             stack_pointer[0] = res;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -4919,115 +6646,124 @@
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(POP_EXCEPT);
-            PyObject *exc_value;
+            _PyStackRef exc_value;
             exc_value = stack_pointer[-1];
             _PyErr_StackItem *exc_info = tstate->exc_info;
-            Py_XSETREF(exc_info->exc_value, exc_value == Py_None ? NULL : exc_value);
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            Py_XSETREF(exc_info->exc_value,
+                       PyStackRef_Is(exc_value, PyStackRef_None)
+                       ? NULL : PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(exc_value));
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
         TARGET(POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE) {
-            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
+            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             (void)this_instr;
             next_instr += 2;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE);
-            PyObject *cond;
+            _PyStackRef cond;
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
             cond = stack_pointer[-1];
-            assert(PyBool_Check(cond));
-            int flag = Py_IsFalse(cond);
+            assert(PyStackRef_BoolCheck(cond));
+            int flag = PyStackRef_Is(cond, PyStackRef_False);
             #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
             this_instr[1].cache = (this_instr[1].cache << 1) | flag;
             #endif
             JUMPBY(oparg * flag);
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
         TARGET(POP_JUMP_IF_NONE) {
-            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
+            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             (void)this_instr;
             next_instr += 2;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(POP_JUMP_IF_NONE);
-            PyObject *value;
-            PyObject *b;
-            PyObject *cond;
+            _PyStackRef value;
+            _PyStackRef b;
+            _PyStackRef cond;
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
             // _IS_NONE
-            value = stack_pointer[-1];
             {
-                if (Py_IsNone(value)) {
-                    b = Py_True;
+                value = stack_pointer[-1];
+                if (PyStackRef_Is(value, PyStackRef_None)) {
+                    b = PyStackRef_True;
                 }
                 else {
-                    b = Py_False;
-                    Py_DECREF(value);
+                    b = PyStackRef_False;
+                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(value);
                 }
             }
             // _POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE
-            cond = b;
             {
-                assert(PyBool_Check(cond));
-                int flag = Py_IsTrue(cond);
+                cond = b;
+                assert(PyStackRef_BoolCheck(cond));
+                int flag = PyStackRef_Is(cond, PyStackRef_True);
                 #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
                 this_instr[1].cache = (this_instr[1].cache << 1) | flag;
                 #endif
                 JUMPBY(oparg * flag);
             }
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
         TARGET(POP_JUMP_IF_NOT_NONE) {
-            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
+            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             (void)this_instr;
             next_instr += 2;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(POP_JUMP_IF_NOT_NONE);
-            PyObject *value;
-            PyObject *b;
-            PyObject *cond;
+            _PyStackRef value;
+            _PyStackRef b;
+            _PyStackRef cond;
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
             // _IS_NONE
-            value = stack_pointer[-1];
             {
-                if (Py_IsNone(value)) {
-                    b = Py_True;
+                value = stack_pointer[-1];
+                if (PyStackRef_Is(value, PyStackRef_None)) {
+                    b = PyStackRef_True;
                 }
                 else {
-                    b = Py_False;
-                    Py_DECREF(value);
+                    b = PyStackRef_False;
+                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(value);
                 }
             }
             // _POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE
-            cond = b;
             {
-                assert(PyBool_Check(cond));
-                int flag = Py_IsFalse(cond);
+                cond = b;
+                assert(PyStackRef_BoolCheck(cond));
+                int flag = PyStackRef_Is(cond, PyStackRef_False);
                 #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
                 this_instr[1].cache = (this_instr[1].cache << 1) | flag;
                 #endif
                 JUMPBY(oparg * flag);
             }
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
         TARGET(POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE) {
-            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
+            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             (void)this_instr;
             next_instr += 2;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE);
-            PyObject *cond;
+            _PyStackRef cond;
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
             cond = stack_pointer[-1];
-            assert(PyBool_Check(cond));
-            int flag = Py_IsTrue(cond);
+            assert(PyStackRef_BoolCheck(cond));
+            int flag = PyStackRef_Is(cond, PyStackRef_True);
             #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
             this_instr[1].cache = (this_instr[1].cache << 1) | flag;
             #endif
             JUMPBY(oparg * flag);
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -5035,10 +6771,11 @@
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(POP_TOP);
-            PyObject *value;
+            _PyStackRef value;
             value = stack_pointer[-1];
-            Py_DECREF(value);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(value);
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -5046,21 +6783,24 @@
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(PUSH_EXC_INFO);
-            PyObject *new_exc;
-            PyObject *prev_exc;
-            new_exc = stack_pointer[-1];
+            _PyStackRef exc;
+            _PyStackRef prev_exc;
+            _PyStackRef new_exc;
+            exc = stack_pointer[-1];
             _PyErr_StackItem *exc_info = tstate->exc_info;
             if (exc_info->exc_value != NULL) {
-                prev_exc = exc_info->exc_value;
+                prev_exc = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(exc_info->exc_value);
             }
             else {
-                prev_exc = Py_None;
+                prev_exc = PyStackRef_None;
             }
-            assert(PyExceptionInstance_Check(new_exc));
-            exc_info->exc_value = Py_NewRef(new_exc);
+            assert(PyStackRef_ExceptionInstanceCheck(exc));
+            exc_info->exc_value = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectNew(exc);
+            new_exc = exc;
             stack_pointer[-1] = prev_exc;
             stack_pointer[0] = new_exc;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -5068,69 +6808,73 @@
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(PUSH_NULL);
-            PyObject *res;
-            res = NULL;
+            _PyStackRef res;
+            res = PyStackRef_NULL;
             stack_pointer[0] = res;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
         TARGET(RAISE_VARARGS) {
-            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
+            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             (void)this_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(RAISE_VARARGS);
-            PyObject **args;
+            _PyStackRef *args;
             args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
-            PyObject *cause = NULL, *exc = NULL;
-            switch (oparg) {
-                case 2:
-                cause = args[1];
-                /* fall through */
-                case 1:
-                exc = args[0];
-                /* fall through */
-                case 0:
-                if (do_raise(tstate, exc, cause)) {
-                    assert(oparg == 0);
-                    monitor_reraise(tstate, frame, this_instr);
-                    goto exception_unwind;
-                }
-                break;
-                default:
-                _PyErr_SetString(tstate, PyExc_SystemError,
-                                 "bad RAISE_VARARGS oparg");
-                break;
+            assert(oparg < 3);
+            PyObject *cause = oparg == 2 ? PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(args[1]) : NULL;
+            PyObject *exc = oparg > 0 ? PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(args[0]) : NULL;
+            stack_pointer += -oparg;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            int err = do_raise(tstate, exc, cause);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            if (err) {
+                assert(oparg == 0);
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                monitor_reraise(tstate, frame, this_instr);
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                goto exception_unwind;
             }
-            if (true) { stack_pointer += -oparg; goto error; }
+            goto error;
         }
 
         TARGET(RERAISE) {
-            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
+            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             (void)this_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(RERAISE);
-            PyObject *exc;
-            PyObject **values;
-            exc = stack_pointer[-1];
+            _PyStackRef *values;
+            _PyStackRef exc_st;
+            exc_st = stack_pointer[-1];
             values = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
+            PyObject *exc = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(exc_st);
             assert(oparg >= 0 && oparg <= 2);
             if (oparg) {
-                PyObject *lasti = values[0];
+                PyObject *lasti = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(values[0]);
                 if (PyLong_Check(lasti)) {
                     frame->instr_ptr = _PyCode_CODE(_PyFrame_GetCode(frame)) + PyLong_AsLong(lasti);
                     assert(!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate));
                 }
                 else {
-                    assert(PyLong_Check(lasti));
+                    stack_pointer += -1;
+                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                     _PyErr_SetString(tstate, PyExc_SystemError, "lasti is not an int");
+                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                    Py_DECREF(exc);
                     goto error;
                 }
             }
             assert(exc && PyExceptionInstance_Check(exc));
-            Py_INCREF(exc);
+            stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
             _PyErr_SetRaisedException(tstate, exc);
             monitor_reraise(tstate, frame, this_instr);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
             goto exception_unwind;
         }
 
@@ -5148,34 +6892,45 @@
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(RESUME);
             PREDICTED(RESUME);
-            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = next_instr - 1;
+            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = next_instr - 1;
             (void)this_instr;
-            assert(frame == tstate->current_frame);
-            if (tstate->tracing == 0) {
-                uintptr_t global_version =
-                _Py_atomic_load_uintptr_relaxed(&tstate->eval_breaker) &
-                ~_PY_EVAL_EVENTS_MASK;
-                PyCodeObject* code = _PyFrame_GetCode(frame);
-                uintptr_t code_version = FT_ATOMIC_LOAD_UINTPTR_ACQUIRE(code->_co_instrumentation_version);
-                assert((code_version & 255) == 0);
-                if (code_version != global_version) {
-                    int err = _Py_Instrument(_PyFrame_GetCode(frame), tstate->interp);
-                    if (err) goto error;
-                    next_instr = this_instr;
-                    DISPATCH();
+            // _MAYBE_INSTRUMENT
+            {
+                if (tstate->tracing == 0) {
+                    uintptr_t global_version = _Py_atomic_load_uintptr_relaxed(&tstate->eval_breaker) & ~_PY_EVAL_EVENTS_MASK;
+                    uintptr_t code_version = FT_ATOMIC_LOAD_UINTPTR_ACQUIRE(_PyFrame_GetCode(frame)->_co_instrumentation_version);
+                    if (code_version != global_version) {
+                        _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                        int err = _Py_Instrument(_PyFrame_GetCode(frame), tstate->interp);
+                        stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                        if (err) {
+                            goto error;
+                        }
+                        next_instr = this_instr;
+                        DISPATCH();
+                    }
                 }
-                assert(this_instr->op.code == RESUME ||
-                       this_instr->op.code == RESUME_CHECK ||
-                       this_instr->op.code == INSTRUMENTED_RESUME ||
-                       this_instr->op.code == ENTER_EXECUTOR);
-                if (this_instr->op.code == RESUME) {
-                    #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
+            }
+            // _QUICKEN_RESUME
+            {
+                #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
+                if (tstate->tracing == 0 && this_instr->op.code == RESUME) {
                     FT_ATOMIC_STORE_UINT8_RELAXED(this_instr->op.code, RESUME_CHECK);
-                    #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
                 }
+                #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
             }
-            if ((oparg & RESUME_OPARG_LOCATION_MASK) < RESUME_AFTER_YIELD_FROM) {
-                CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
+            // _CHECK_PERIODIC_IF_NOT_YIELD_FROM
+            {
+                if ((oparg & RESUME_OPARG_LOCATION_MASK) < RESUME_AFTER_YIELD_FROM) {
+                    _Py_CHECK_EMSCRIPTEN_SIGNALS_PERIODICALLY();
+                    QSBR_QUIESCENT_STATE(tstate); \
+                    if (_Py_atomic_load_uintptr_relaxed(&tstate->eval_breaker) & _PY_EVAL_EVENTS_MASK) {
+                        _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                        int err = _Py_HandlePending(tstate);
+                        stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                        if (err != 0) goto error;
+                    }
+                }
             }
             DISPATCH();
         }
@@ -5200,19 +6955,20 @@
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(RETURN_CONST);
-            PyObject *value;
-            PyObject *retval;
+            _PyStackRef value;
+            _PyStackRef retval;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             // _LOAD_CONST
             {
-                value = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_CONSTS, oparg);
-                Py_INCREF(value);
+                value = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(GETITEM(FRAME_CO_CONSTS, oparg));
             }
-            // _POP_FRAME
-            retval = value;
+            // _RETURN_VALUE
             {
+                retval = value;
                 #if TIER_ONE
                 assert(frame != &entry_frame);
                 #endif
+                _PyStackRef temp = retval;
                 _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                 assert(EMPTY());
                 _Py_LeaveRecursiveCallPy(tstate);
@@ -5220,11 +6976,14 @@
                 _PyInterpreterFrame *dying = frame;
                 frame = tstate->current_frame = dying->previous;
                 _PyEval_FrameClearAndPop(tstate, dying);
-                _PyFrame_StackPush(frame, retval);
-                LOAD_SP();
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                 LOAD_IP(frame->return_offset);
+                res = temp;
                 LLTRACE_RESUME_FRAME();
             }
+            stack_pointer[0] = res;
+            stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -5232,31 +6991,32 @@
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(RETURN_GENERATOR);
-            PyObject *res;
-            assert(PyFunction_Check(frame->f_funcobj));
-            PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)frame->f_funcobj;
+            _PyStackRef res;
+            assert(PyStackRef_FunctionCheck(frame->f_funcobj));
+            PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(frame->f_funcobj);
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
             PyGenObject *gen = (PyGenObject *)_Py_MakeCoro(func);
-            if (gen == NULL) {
-                goto error;
-            }
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            if (gen == NULL) goto error;
             assert(EMPTY());
             _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
-            _PyInterpreterFrame *gen_frame = (_PyInterpreterFrame *)gen->gi_iframe;
+            _PyInterpreterFrame *gen_frame = &gen->gi_iframe;
             frame->instr_ptr++;
             _PyFrame_Copy(frame, gen_frame);
             assert(frame->frame_obj == NULL);
             gen->gi_frame_state = FRAME_CREATED;
             gen_frame->owner = FRAME_OWNED_BY_GENERATOR;
             _Py_LeaveRecursiveCallPy(tstate);
-            res = (PyObject *)gen;
             _PyInterpreterFrame *prev = frame->previous;
             _PyThreadState_PopFrame(tstate, frame);
             frame = tstate->current_frame = prev;
             LOAD_IP(frame->return_offset);
-            LOAD_SP();
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal((PyObject *)gen);
             LLTRACE_RESUME_FRAME();
             stack_pointer[0] = res;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -5264,12 +7024,15 @@
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(RETURN_VALUE);
-            PyObject *retval;
+            _PyStackRef retval;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             retval = stack_pointer[-1];
             #if TIER_ONE
             assert(frame != &entry_frame);
             #endif
+            _PyStackRef temp = retval;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
             assert(EMPTY());
             _Py_LeaveRecursiveCallPy(tstate);
@@ -5277,10 +7040,13 @@
             _PyInterpreterFrame *dying = frame;
             frame = tstate->current_frame = dying->previous;
             _PyEval_FrameClearAndPop(tstate, dying);
-            _PyFrame_StackPush(frame, retval);
-            LOAD_SP();
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
             LOAD_IP(frame->return_offset);
+            res = temp;
             LLTRACE_RESUME_FRAME();
+            stack_pointer[0] = res;
+            stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -5289,36 +7055,40 @@
             next_instr += 2;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(SEND);
             PREDICTED(SEND);
-            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = next_instr - 2;
+            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = next_instr - 2;
             (void)this_instr;
-            PyObject *receiver;
-            PyObject *v;
-            PyObject *retval;
+            _PyStackRef receiver;
+            _PyStackRef v;
+            _PyStackRef retval;
             // _SPECIALIZE_SEND
-            receiver = stack_pointer[-2];
             {
+                receiver = stack_pointer[-2];
                 uint16_t counter = read_u16(&this_instr[1].cache);
                 (void)counter;
                 #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
                 if (ADAPTIVE_COUNTER_TRIGGERS(counter)) {
                     next_instr = this_instr;
+                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                     _Py_Specialize_Send(receiver, next_instr);
+                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                     DISPATCH_SAME_OPARG();
                 }
-                STAT_INC(SEND, deferred);
+                OPCODE_DEFERRED_INC(SEND);
                 ADVANCE_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(this_instr[1].counter);
                 #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
             }
             // _SEND
-            v = stack_pointer[-1];
             {
+                v = stack_pointer[-1];
+                PyObject *receiver_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(receiver);
+                PyObject *retval_o;
                 assert(frame != &entry_frame);
                 if ((tstate->interp->eval_frame == NULL) &&
-                    (Py_TYPE(receiver) == &PyGen_Type || Py_TYPE(receiver) == &PyCoro_Type) &&
-                    ((PyGenObject *)receiver)->gi_frame_state < FRAME_EXECUTING)
+                    (Py_TYPE(receiver_o) == &PyGen_Type || Py_TYPE(receiver_o) == &PyCoro_Type) &&
+                    ((PyGenObject *)receiver_o)->gi_frame_state < FRAME_EXECUTING)
                 {
-                    PyGenObject *gen = (PyGenObject *)receiver;
-                    _PyInterpreterFrame *gen_frame = (_PyInterpreterFrame *)gen->gi_iframe;
+                    PyGenObject *gen = (PyGenObject *)receiver_o;
+                    _PyInterpreterFrame *gen_frame = &gen->gi_iframe;
                     STACK_SHRINK(1);
                     _PyFrame_StackPush(gen_frame, v);
                     gen->gi_frame_state = FRAME_EXECUTING;
@@ -5326,77 +7096,128 @@
                     tstate->exc_info = &gen->gi_exc_state;
                     assert(next_instr - this_instr + oparg <= UINT16_MAX);
                     frame->return_offset = (uint16_t)(next_instr - this_instr + oparg);
+                    assert(gen_frame->previous == NULL);
+                    gen_frame->previous = frame;
                     DISPATCH_INLINED(gen_frame);
                 }
-                if (Py_IsNone(v) && PyIter_Check(receiver)) {
-                    retval = Py_TYPE(receiver)->tp_iternext(receiver);
+                if (PyStackRef_Is(v, PyStackRef_None) && PyIter_Check(receiver_o)) {
+                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                    retval_o = Py_TYPE(receiver_o)->tp_iternext(receiver_o);
+                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                 }
                 else {
-                    retval = PyObject_CallMethodOneArg(receiver, &_Py_ID(send), v);
+                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                    retval_o = PyObject_CallMethodOneArg(receiver_o,
+                        &_Py_ID(send),
+                        PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(v));
+                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                 }
-                if (retval == NULL) {
-                    if (_PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_StopIteration)
-                    ) {
-                        monitor_raise(tstate, frame, this_instr);
+                if (retval_o == NULL) {
+                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                    int matches = _PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_StopIteration);
+                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                    if (matches) {
+                        _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                        _PyEval_MonitorRaise(tstate, frame, this_instr);
+                        stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                     }
-                    if (_PyGen_FetchStopIterationValue(&retval) == 0) {
-                        assert(retval != NULL);
+                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                    int err = _PyGen_FetchStopIterationValue(&retval_o);
+                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                    if (err == 0) {
+                        assert(retval_o != NULL);
                         JUMPBY(oparg);
                     }
                     else {
-                        goto error;
+                        PyStackRef_CLOSE(v);
+                        goto pop_1_error;
                     }
                 }
-                Py_DECREF(v);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(v);
+                retval = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(retval_o);
             }
             stack_pointer[-1] = retval;
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
         TARGET(SEND_GEN) {
-            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
+            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 2;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(SEND_GEN);
             static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_SEND == 1, "incorrect cache size");
-            PyObject *v;
-            PyObject *receiver;
+            _PyStackRef receiver;
+            _PyStackRef v;
+            _PyInterpreterFrame *gen_frame;
+            _PyInterpreterFrame *new_frame;
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
-            v = stack_pointer[-1];
-            receiver = stack_pointer[-2];
-            DEOPT_IF(tstate->interp->eval_frame, SEND);
-            PyGenObject *gen = (PyGenObject *)receiver;
-            DEOPT_IF(Py_TYPE(gen) != &PyGen_Type && Py_TYPE(gen) != &PyCoro_Type, SEND);
-            DEOPT_IF(gen->gi_frame_state >= FRAME_EXECUTING, SEND);
-            STAT_INC(SEND, hit);
-            _PyInterpreterFrame *gen_frame = (_PyInterpreterFrame *)gen->gi_iframe;
-            STACK_SHRINK(1);
-            _PyFrame_StackPush(gen_frame, v);
-            gen->gi_frame_state = FRAME_EXECUTING;
-            gen->gi_exc_state.previous_item = tstate->exc_info;
-            tstate->exc_info = &gen->gi_exc_state;
-            assert(next_instr - this_instr + oparg <= UINT16_MAX);
-            frame->return_offset = (uint16_t)(next_instr - this_instr + oparg);
-            DISPATCH_INLINED(gen_frame);
+            // _CHECK_PEP_523
+            {
+                DEOPT_IF(tstate->interp->eval_frame, SEND);
+            }
+            // _SEND_GEN_FRAME
+            {
+                v = stack_pointer[-1];
+                receiver = stack_pointer[-2];
+                PyGenObject *gen = (PyGenObject *)PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(receiver);
+                DEOPT_IF(Py_TYPE(gen) != &PyGen_Type && Py_TYPE(gen) != &PyCoro_Type, SEND);
+                DEOPT_IF(gen->gi_frame_state >= FRAME_EXECUTING, SEND);
+                STAT_INC(SEND, hit);
+                gen_frame = &gen->gi_iframe;
+                _PyFrame_StackPush(gen_frame, v);
+                gen->gi_frame_state = FRAME_EXECUTING;
+                gen->gi_exc_state.previous_item = tstate->exc_info;
+                tstate->exc_info = &gen->gi_exc_state;
+                assert(1 + INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_SEND + oparg <= UINT16_MAX);
+                frame->return_offset = (uint16_t)(1 + INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_SEND + oparg);
+                gen_frame->previous = frame;
+            }
+            // _PUSH_FRAME
+            {
+                new_frame = gen_frame;
+                // Write it out explicitly because it's subtly different.
+                // Eventually this should be the only occurrence of this code.
+                assert(tstate->interp->eval_frame == NULL);
+                _PyInterpreterFrame *temp = new_frame;
+                stack_pointer += -1;
+                assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                assert(new_frame->previous == frame || new_frame->previous->previous == frame);
+                CALL_STAT_INC(inlined_py_calls);
+                frame = tstate->current_frame = temp;
+                tstate->py_recursion_remaining--;
+                LOAD_SP();
+                LOAD_IP(0);
+                LLTRACE_RESUME_FRAME();
+            }
+            DISPATCH();
         }
 
         TARGET(SETUP_ANNOTATIONS) {
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(SETUP_ANNOTATIONS);
-            int err;
             PyObject *ann_dict;
             if (LOCALS() == NULL) {
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                 _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_SystemError,
                               "no locals found when setting up annotations");
-                if (true) goto error;
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                goto error;
             }
             /* check if __annotations__ in locals()... */
-            if (PyMapping_GetOptionalItem(LOCALS(), &_Py_ID(__annotations__), &ann_dict) < 0) goto error;
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            int err = PyMapping_GetOptionalItem(LOCALS(), &_Py_ID(__annotations__), &ann_dict);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            if (err < 0) goto error;
             if (ann_dict == NULL) {
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                 ann_dict = PyDict_New();
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                 if (ann_dict == NULL) goto error;
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                 err = PyObject_SetItem(LOCALS(), &_Py_ID(__annotations__),
                                        ann_dict);
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                 Py_DECREF(ann_dict);
                 if (err) goto error;
             }
@@ -5410,14 +7231,18 @@
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(SET_ADD);
-            PyObject *v;
-            PyObject *set;
+            _PyStackRef set;
+            _PyStackRef v;
             v = stack_pointer[-1];
             set = stack_pointer[-2 - (oparg-1)];
-            int err = PySet_Add(set, v);
-            Py_DECREF(v);
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            int err = PySet_Add(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(set),
+                                PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(v));
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(v);
             if (err) goto pop_1_error;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -5425,36 +7250,23 @@
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(SET_FUNCTION_ATTRIBUTE);
-            PyObject *func;
-            PyObject *attr;
-            func = stack_pointer[-1];
-            attr = stack_pointer[-2];
+            _PyStackRef attr_st;
+            _PyStackRef func_in;
+            _PyStackRef func_out;
+            func_in = stack_pointer[-1];
+            attr_st = stack_pointer[-2];
+            PyObject *func = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(func_in);
+            PyObject *attr = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(attr_st);
+            func_out = func_in;
             assert(PyFunction_Check(func));
-            PyFunctionObject *func_obj = (PyFunctionObject *)func;
-            switch(oparg) {
-                case MAKE_FUNCTION_CLOSURE:
-                assert(func_obj->func_closure == NULL);
-                func_obj->func_closure = attr;
-                break;
-                case MAKE_FUNCTION_ANNOTATIONS:
-                assert(func_obj->func_annotations == NULL);
-                func_obj->func_annotations = attr;
-                break;
-                case MAKE_FUNCTION_KWDEFAULTS:
-                assert(PyDict_CheckExact(attr));
-                assert(func_obj->func_kwdefaults == NULL);
-                func_obj->func_kwdefaults = attr;
-                break;
-                case MAKE_FUNCTION_DEFAULTS:
-                assert(PyTuple_CheckExact(attr));
-                assert(func_obj->func_defaults == NULL);
-                func_obj->func_defaults = attr;
-                break;
-                default:
-                Py_UNREACHABLE();
-            }
-            stack_pointer[-2] = func;
+            size_t offset = _Py_FunctionAttributeOffsets[oparg];
+            assert(offset != 0);
+            PyObject **ptr = (PyObject **)(((char *)func) + offset);
+            assert(*ptr == NULL);
+            *ptr = attr;
+            stack_pointer[-2] = func_out;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -5462,14 +7274,18 @@
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(SET_UPDATE);
-            PyObject *iterable;
-            PyObject *set;
+            _PyStackRef set;
+            _PyStackRef iterable;
             iterable = stack_pointer[-1];
             set = stack_pointer[-2 - (oparg-1)];
-            int err = _PySet_Update(set, iterable);
-            Py_DECREF(iterable);
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            int err = _PySet_Update(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(set),
+                                    PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(iterable));
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(iterable);
             if (err < 0) goto pop_1_error;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -5478,170 +7294,176 @@
             next_instr += 5;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(STORE_ATTR);
             PREDICTED(STORE_ATTR);
-            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = next_instr - 5;
+            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = next_instr - 5;
             (void)this_instr;
-            PyObject *owner;
-            PyObject *v;
+            _PyStackRef owner;
+            _PyStackRef v;
             // _SPECIALIZE_STORE_ATTR
-            owner = stack_pointer[-1];
             {
+                owner = stack_pointer[-1];
                 uint16_t counter = read_u16(&this_instr[1].cache);
                 (void)counter;
                 #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
                 if (ADAPTIVE_COUNTER_TRIGGERS(counter)) {
                     PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg);
                     next_instr = this_instr;
+                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                     _Py_Specialize_StoreAttr(owner, next_instr, name);
+                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                     DISPATCH_SAME_OPARG();
                 }
-                STAT_INC(STORE_ATTR, deferred);
+                OPCODE_DEFERRED_INC(STORE_ATTR);
                 ADVANCE_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(this_instr[1].counter);
                 #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
             }
             /* Skip 3 cache entries */
             // _STORE_ATTR
-            v = stack_pointer[-2];
             {
+                v = stack_pointer[-2];
                 PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg);
-                int err = PyObject_SetAttr(owner, name, v);
-                Py_DECREF(v);
-                Py_DECREF(owner);
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                int err = PyObject_SetAttr(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner),
+                                       name, PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(v));
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(v);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(owner);
                 if (err) goto pop_2_error;
             }
             stack_pointer += -2;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
         TARGET(STORE_ATTR_INSTANCE_VALUE) {
-            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
+            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 5;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(STORE_ATTR_INSTANCE_VALUE);
             static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_STORE_ATTR == 4, "incorrect cache size");
-            PyObject *owner;
-            PyObject *value;
+            _PyStackRef owner;
+            _PyStackRef value;
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
             // _GUARD_TYPE_VERSION
-            owner = stack_pointer[-1];
             {
+                owner = stack_pointer[-1];
                 uint32_t type_version = read_u32(&this_instr[2].cache);
-                PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(owner);
+                PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner));
                 assert(type_version != 0);
                 DEOPT_IF(tp->tp_version_tag != type_version, STORE_ATTR);
             }
             // _GUARD_DORV_NO_DICT
             {
-                assert(Py_TYPE(owner)->tp_dictoffset < 0);
-                assert(Py_TYPE(owner)->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_INLINE_VALUES);
-                DEOPT_IF(_PyObject_GetManagedDict(owner), STORE_ATTR);
-                DEOPT_IF(_PyObject_InlineValues(owner)->valid == 0, STORE_ATTR);
+                PyObject *owner_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner);
+                assert(Py_TYPE(owner_o)->tp_dictoffset < 0);
+                assert(Py_TYPE(owner_o)->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_INLINE_VALUES);
+                DEOPT_IF(_PyObject_GetManagedDict(owner_o), STORE_ATTR);
+                DEOPT_IF(_PyObject_InlineValues(owner_o)->valid == 0, STORE_ATTR);
             }
             // _STORE_ATTR_INSTANCE_VALUE
-            value = stack_pointer[-2];
             {
-                uint16_t index = read_u16(&this_instr[4].cache);
+                value = stack_pointer[-2];
+                uint16_t offset = read_u16(&this_instr[4].cache);
+                PyObject *owner_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner);
                 STAT_INC(STORE_ATTR, hit);
-                assert(_PyObject_GetManagedDict(owner) == NULL);
-                PyDictValues *values = _PyObject_InlineValues(owner);
-                PyObject *old_value = values->values[index];
-                values->values[index] = value;
+                assert(_PyObject_GetManagedDict(owner_o) == NULL);
+                PyObject **value_ptr = (PyObject**)(((char *)owner_o) + offset);
+                PyObject *old_value = *value_ptr;
+                *value_ptr = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(value);
                 if (old_value == NULL) {
+                    PyDictValues *values = _PyObject_InlineValues(owner_o);
+                    Py_ssize_t index = value_ptr - values->values;
                     _PyDictValues_AddToInsertionOrder(values, index);
                 }
                 else {
                     Py_DECREF(old_value);
                 }
-                Py_DECREF(owner);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(owner);
             }
             stack_pointer += -2;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
         TARGET(STORE_ATTR_SLOT) {
-            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
+            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 5;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(STORE_ATTR_SLOT);
             static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_STORE_ATTR == 4, "incorrect cache size");
-            PyObject *owner;
-            PyObject *value;
+            _PyStackRef owner;
+            _PyStackRef value;
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
             // _GUARD_TYPE_VERSION
-            owner = stack_pointer[-1];
             {
+                owner = stack_pointer[-1];
                 uint32_t type_version = read_u32(&this_instr[2].cache);
-                PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(owner);
+                PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner));
                 assert(type_version != 0);
                 DEOPT_IF(tp->tp_version_tag != type_version, STORE_ATTR);
             }
             // _STORE_ATTR_SLOT
-            value = stack_pointer[-2];
             {
+                value = stack_pointer[-2];
                 uint16_t index = read_u16(&this_instr[4].cache);
-                char *addr = (char *)owner + index;
+                PyObject *owner_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner);
+                char *addr = (char *)owner_o + index;
                 STAT_INC(STORE_ATTR, hit);
                 PyObject *old_value = *(PyObject **)addr;
-                *(PyObject **)addr = value;
+                *(PyObject **)addr = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(value);
                 Py_XDECREF(old_value);
-                Py_DECREF(owner);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(owner);
             }
             stack_pointer += -2;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
         TARGET(STORE_ATTR_WITH_HINT) {
-            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
+            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 5;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(STORE_ATTR_WITH_HINT);
             static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_STORE_ATTR == 4, "incorrect cache size");
-            PyObject *owner;
-            PyObject *value;
+            _PyStackRef owner;
+            _PyStackRef value;
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
             // _GUARD_TYPE_VERSION
-            owner = stack_pointer[-1];
             {
+                owner = stack_pointer[-1];
                 uint32_t type_version = read_u32(&this_instr[2].cache);
-                PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(owner);
+                PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner));
                 assert(type_version != 0);
                 DEOPT_IF(tp->tp_version_tag != type_version, STORE_ATTR);
             }
             // _STORE_ATTR_WITH_HINT
-            value = stack_pointer[-2];
             {
+                value = stack_pointer[-2];
                 uint16_t hint = read_u16(&this_instr[4].cache);
-                assert(Py_TYPE(owner)->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT);
-                PyDictObject *dict = _PyObject_GetManagedDict(owner);
+                PyObject *owner_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner);
+                assert(Py_TYPE(owner_o)->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT);
+                PyDictObject *dict = _PyObject_GetManagedDict(owner_o);
                 DEOPT_IF(dict == NULL, STORE_ATTR);
                 assert(PyDict_CheckExact((PyObject *)dict));
                 PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg);
                 DEOPT_IF(hint >= (size_t)dict->ma_keys->dk_nentries, STORE_ATTR);
-                PyObject *old_value;
-                uint64_t new_version;
-                if (DK_IS_UNICODE(dict->ma_keys)) {
-                    PyDictUnicodeEntry *ep = DK_UNICODE_ENTRIES(dict->ma_keys) + hint;
-                    DEOPT_IF(ep->me_key != name, STORE_ATTR);
-                    old_value = ep->me_value;
-                    DEOPT_IF(old_value == NULL, STORE_ATTR);
-                    new_version = _PyDict_NotifyEvent(tstate->interp, PyDict_EVENT_MODIFIED, dict, name, value);
-                    ep->me_value = value;
-                }
-                else {
-                    PyDictKeyEntry *ep = DK_ENTRIES(dict->ma_keys) + hint;
-                    DEOPT_IF(ep->me_key != name, STORE_ATTR);
-                    old_value = ep->me_value;
-                    DEOPT_IF(old_value == NULL, STORE_ATTR);
-                    new_version = _PyDict_NotifyEvent(tstate->interp, PyDict_EVENT_MODIFIED, dict, name, value);
-                    ep->me_value = value;
-                }
-                Py_DECREF(old_value);
-                STAT_INC(STORE_ATTR, hit);
+                DEOPT_IF(!DK_IS_UNICODE(dict->ma_keys), STORE_ATTR);
+                PyDictUnicodeEntry *ep = DK_UNICODE_ENTRIES(dict->ma_keys) + hint;
+                DEOPT_IF(ep->me_key != name, STORE_ATTR);
+                PyObject *old_value = ep->me_value;
+                DEOPT_IF(old_value == NULL, STORE_ATTR);
                 /* Ensure dict is GC tracked if it needs to be */
-                if (!_PyObject_GC_IS_TRACKED(dict) && _PyObject_GC_MAY_BE_TRACKED(value)) {
+                if (!_PyObject_GC_IS_TRACKED(dict) && _PyObject_GC_MAY_BE_TRACKED(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(value))) {
                     _PyObject_GC_TRACK(dict);
                 }
-                /* PEP 509 */
-                dict->ma_version_tag = new_version;
-                Py_DECREF(owner);
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                _PyDict_NotifyEvent(tstate->interp, PyDict_EVENT_MODIFIED, dict, name, PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(value));
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                ep->me_value = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(value);
+                // old_value should be DECREFed after GC track checking is done, if not, it could raise a segmentation fault,
+                // when dict only holds the strong reference to value in ep->me_value.
+                Py_XDECREF(old_value);
+                STAT_INC(STORE_ATTR, hit);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(owner);
             }
             stack_pointer += -2;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -5649,11 +7471,14 @@
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(STORE_DEREF);
-            PyObject *v;
+            _PyStackRef v;
             v = stack_pointer[-1];
-            PyCellObject *cell = (PyCellObject *)GETLOCAL(oparg);
-            PyCell_SetTakeRef(cell, v);
+            PyCellObject *cell = (PyCellObject *)PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(GETLOCAL(oparg));
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            PyCell_SetTakeRef(cell, PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(v));
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -5661,10 +7486,11 @@
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(STORE_FAST);
-            PyObject *value;
+            _PyStackRef value;
             value = stack_pointer[-1];
             SETLOCAL(oparg, value);
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -5672,14 +7498,13 @@
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(STORE_FAST_LOAD_FAST);
-            PyObject *value1;
-            PyObject *value2;
+            _PyStackRef value1;
+            _PyStackRef value2;
             value1 = stack_pointer[-1];
             uint32_t oparg1 = oparg >> 4;
             uint32_t oparg2 = oparg & 15;
             SETLOCAL(oparg1, value1);
-            value2 = GETLOCAL(oparg2);
-            Py_INCREF(value2);
+            value2 = PyStackRef_DUP(GETLOCAL(oparg2));
             stack_pointer[-1] = value2;
             DISPATCH();
         }
@@ -5688,8 +7513,8 @@
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(STORE_FAST_STORE_FAST);
-            PyObject *value1;
-            PyObject *value2;
+            _PyStackRef value2;
+            _PyStackRef value1;
             value1 = stack_pointer[-1];
             value2 = stack_pointer[-2];
             uint32_t oparg1 = oparg >> 4;
@@ -5697,6 +7522,7 @@
             SETLOCAL(oparg1, value1);
             SETLOCAL(oparg2, value2);
             stack_pointer += -2;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -5704,13 +7530,16 @@
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(STORE_GLOBAL);
-            PyObject *v;
+            _PyStackRef v;
             v = stack_pointer[-1];
             PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg);
-            int err = PyDict_SetItem(GLOBALS(), name, v);
-            Py_DECREF(v);
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            int err = PyDict_SetItem(GLOBALS(), name, PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(v));
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(v);
             if (err) goto pop_1_error;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -5718,24 +7547,33 @@
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(STORE_NAME);
-            PyObject *v;
+            _PyStackRef v;
             v = stack_pointer[-1];
             PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg);
             PyObject *ns = LOCALS();
             int err;
             if (ns == NULL) {
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                 _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_SystemError,
                               "no locals found when storing %R", name);
-                Py_DECREF(v);
-                if (true) goto pop_1_error;
-            }
-            if (PyDict_CheckExact(ns))
-            err = PyDict_SetItem(ns, name, v);
-            else
-            err = PyObject_SetItem(ns, name, v);
-            Py_DECREF(v);
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(v);
+                goto pop_1_error;
+            }
+            if (PyDict_CheckExact(ns)) {
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                err = PyDict_SetItem(ns, name, PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(v));
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            }
+            else {
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                err = PyObject_SetItem(ns, name, PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(v));
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            }
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(v);
             if (err) goto pop_1_error;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -5743,27 +7581,47 @@
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(STORE_SLICE);
-            PyObject *stop;
-            PyObject *start;
-            PyObject *container;
-            PyObject *v;
-            stop = stack_pointer[-1];
-            start = stack_pointer[-2];
-            container = stack_pointer[-3];
-            v = stack_pointer[-4];
-            PyObject *slice = _PyBuildSlice_ConsumeRefs(start, stop);
-            int err;
-            if (slice == NULL) {
-                err = 1;
+            _PyStackRef v;
+            _PyStackRef container;
+            _PyStackRef start;
+            _PyStackRef stop;
+            // _SPECIALIZE_STORE_SLICE
+            {
+                // Placeholder until we implement STORE_SLICE specialization
+                #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
+                OPCODE_DEFERRED_INC(STORE_SLICE);
+                #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
             }
-            else {
-                err = PyObject_SetItem(container, slice, v);
-                Py_DECREF(slice);
+            // _STORE_SLICE
+            {
+                stop = stack_pointer[-1];
+                start = stack_pointer[-2];
+                container = stack_pointer[-3];
+                v = stack_pointer[-4];
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                PyObject *slice = _PyBuildSlice_ConsumeRefs(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(start),
+                    PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(stop));
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                int err;
+                if (slice == NULL) {
+                    err = 1;
+                }
+                else {
+                    stack_pointer += -2;
+                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                    err = PyObject_SetItem(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(container), slice, PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(v));
+                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                    Py_DECREF(slice);
+                    stack_pointer += 2;
+                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                }
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(v);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(container);
+                if (err) goto pop_4_error;
             }
-            Py_DECREF(v);
-            Py_DECREF(container);
-            if (err) goto pop_4_error;
             stack_pointer += -4;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -5772,38 +7630,43 @@
             next_instr += 2;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(STORE_SUBSCR);
             PREDICTED(STORE_SUBSCR);
-            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = next_instr - 2;
+            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = next_instr - 2;
             (void)this_instr;
-            PyObject *sub;
-            PyObject *container;
-            PyObject *v;
+            _PyStackRef container;
+            _PyStackRef sub;
+            _PyStackRef v;
             // _SPECIALIZE_STORE_SUBSCR
-            sub = stack_pointer[-1];
-            container = stack_pointer[-2];
             {
+                sub = stack_pointer[-1];
+                container = stack_pointer[-2];
                 uint16_t counter = read_u16(&this_instr[1].cache);
                 (void)counter;
                 #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
                 if (ADAPTIVE_COUNTER_TRIGGERS(counter)) {
                     next_instr = this_instr;
+                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                     _Py_Specialize_StoreSubscr(container, sub, next_instr);
+                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                     DISPATCH_SAME_OPARG();
                 }
-                STAT_INC(STORE_SUBSCR, deferred);
+                OPCODE_DEFERRED_INC(STORE_SUBSCR);
                 ADVANCE_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(this_instr[1].counter);
                 #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
             }
             // _STORE_SUBSCR
-            v = stack_pointer[-3];
             {
+                v = stack_pointer[-3];
                 /* container[sub] = v */
-                int err = PyObject_SetItem(container, sub, v);
-                Py_DECREF(v);
-                Py_DECREF(container);
-                Py_DECREF(sub);
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                int err = PyObject_SetItem(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(container), PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(sub), PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(v));
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(v);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(container);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(sub);
                 if (err) goto pop_3_error;
             }
             stack_pointer += -3;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -5812,19 +7675,25 @@
             next_instr += 2;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(STORE_SUBSCR_DICT);
             static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_STORE_SUBSCR == 1, "incorrect cache size");
-            PyObject *sub;
-            PyObject *dict;
-            PyObject *value;
+            _PyStackRef value;
+            _PyStackRef dict_st;
+            _PyStackRef sub;
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
             sub = stack_pointer[-1];
-            dict = stack_pointer[-2];
+            dict_st = stack_pointer[-2];
             value = stack_pointer[-3];
+            PyObject *dict = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(dict_st);
             DEOPT_IF(!PyDict_CheckExact(dict), STORE_SUBSCR);
             STAT_INC(STORE_SUBSCR, hit);
-            int err = _PyDict_SetItem_Take2((PyDictObject *)dict, sub, value);
-            Py_DECREF(dict);
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            int err = _PyDict_SetItem_Take2((PyDictObject *)dict,
+                PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(sub),
+                PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(value));
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(dict_st);
             if (err) goto pop_3_error;
             stack_pointer += -3;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -5833,13 +7702,15 @@
             next_instr += 2;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(STORE_SUBSCR_LIST_INT);
             static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_STORE_SUBSCR == 1, "incorrect cache size");
-            PyObject *sub;
-            PyObject *list;
-            PyObject *value;
+            _PyStackRef value;
+            _PyStackRef list_st;
+            _PyStackRef sub_st;
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
-            sub = stack_pointer[-1];
-            list = stack_pointer[-2];
+            sub_st = stack_pointer[-1];
+            list_st = stack_pointer[-2];
             value = stack_pointer[-3];
+            PyObject *sub = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(sub_st);
+            PyObject *list = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(list_st);
             DEOPT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(sub), STORE_SUBSCR);
             DEOPT_IF(!PyList_CheckExact(list), STORE_SUBSCR);
             // Ensure nonnegative, zero-or-one-digit ints.
@@ -5849,12 +7720,13 @@
             DEOPT_IF(index >= PyList_GET_SIZE(list), STORE_SUBSCR);
             STAT_INC(STORE_SUBSCR, hit);
             PyObject *old_value = PyList_GET_ITEM(list, index);
-            PyList_SET_ITEM(list, index, value);
+            PyList_SET_ITEM(list, index, PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(value));
             assert(old_value != NULL);
             Py_DECREF(old_value);
-            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(sub, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
-            Py_DECREF(list);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED(sub_st, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(list_st);
             stack_pointer += -3;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -5862,13 +7734,17 @@
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(SWAP);
-            PyObject *top;
-            PyObject *bottom;
-            top = stack_pointer[-1];
-            bottom = stack_pointer[-2 - (oparg-2)];
+            _PyStackRef bottom_in;
+            _PyStackRef top_in;
+            _PyStackRef top_out;
+            _PyStackRef bottom_out;
+            top_in = stack_pointer[-1];
+            bottom_in = stack_pointer[-2 - (oparg-2)];
+            bottom_out = bottom_in;
+            top_out = top_in;
             assert(oparg >= 2);
-            stack_pointer[-2 - (oparg-2)] = top;
-            stack_pointer[-1] = bottom;
+            stack_pointer[-2 - (oparg-2)] = top_out;
+            stack_pointer[-1] = bottom_out;
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -5877,59 +7753,63 @@
             next_instr += 4;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(TO_BOOL);
             PREDICTED(TO_BOOL);
-            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = next_instr - 4;
+            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = next_instr - 4;
             (void)this_instr;
-            PyObject *value;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef value;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             // _SPECIALIZE_TO_BOOL
-            value = stack_pointer[-1];
             {
+                value = stack_pointer[-1];
                 uint16_t counter = read_u16(&this_instr[1].cache);
                 (void)counter;
                 #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
                 if (ADAPTIVE_COUNTER_TRIGGERS(counter)) {
                     next_instr = this_instr;
+                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                     _Py_Specialize_ToBool(value, next_instr);
+                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                     DISPATCH_SAME_OPARG();
                 }
-                STAT_INC(TO_BOOL, deferred);
+                OPCODE_DEFERRED_INC(TO_BOOL);
                 ADVANCE_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(this_instr[1].counter);
                 #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
             }
             /* Skip 2 cache entries */
             // _TO_BOOL
             {
-                int err = PyObject_IsTrue(value);
-                Py_DECREF(value);
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                int err = PyObject_IsTrue(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(value));
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(value);
                 if (err < 0) goto pop_1_error;
-                res = err ? Py_True : Py_False;
+                res = err ? PyStackRef_True : PyStackRef_False;
             }
             stack_pointer[-1] = res;
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
         TARGET(TO_BOOL_ALWAYS_TRUE) {
-            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
+            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 4;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(TO_BOOL_ALWAYS_TRUE);
             static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_TO_BOOL == 3, "incorrect cache size");
-            PyObject *owner;
-            PyObject *value;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef owner;
+            _PyStackRef value;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
             // _GUARD_TYPE_VERSION
-            owner = stack_pointer[-1];
             {
+                owner = stack_pointer[-1];
                 uint32_t type_version = read_u32(&this_instr[2].cache);
-                PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(owner);
+                PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner));
                 assert(type_version != 0);
                 DEOPT_IF(tp->tp_version_tag != type_version, TO_BOOL);
             }
             // _REPLACE_WITH_TRUE
-            value = owner;
             {
-                Py_DECREF(value);
-                res = Py_True;
+                value = owner;
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(value);
+                res = PyStackRef_True;
             }
             stack_pointer[-1] = res;
             DISPATCH();
@@ -5940,11 +7820,11 @@
             next_instr += 4;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(TO_BOOL_BOOL);
             static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_TO_BOOL == 3, "incorrect cache size");
-            PyObject *value;
+            _PyStackRef value;
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
             /* Skip 2 cache entries */
             value = stack_pointer[-1];
-            DEOPT_IF(!PyBool_Check(value), TO_BOOL);
+            DEOPT_IF(!PyStackRef_BoolCheck(value), TO_BOOL);
             STAT_INC(TO_BOOL, hit);
             DISPATCH();
         }
@@ -5954,20 +7834,21 @@
             next_instr += 4;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(TO_BOOL_INT);
             static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_TO_BOOL == 3, "incorrect cache size");
-            PyObject *value;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef value;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
             /* Skip 2 cache entries */
             value = stack_pointer[-1];
-            DEOPT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(value), TO_BOOL);
+            PyObject *value_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(value);
+            DEOPT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(value_o), TO_BOOL);
             STAT_INC(TO_BOOL, hit);
-            if (_PyLong_IsZero((PyLongObject *)value)) {
-                assert(_Py_IsImmortal(value));
-                res = Py_False;
+            if (_PyLong_IsZero((PyLongObject *)value_o)) {
+                assert(_Py_IsImmortal(value_o));
+                res = PyStackRef_False;
             }
             else {
-                Py_DECREF(value);
-                res = Py_True;
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(value);
+                res = PyStackRef_True;
             }
             stack_pointer[-1] = res;
             DISPATCH();
@@ -5978,15 +7859,16 @@
             next_instr += 4;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(TO_BOOL_LIST);
             static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_TO_BOOL == 3, "incorrect cache size");
-            PyObject *value;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef value;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
             /* Skip 2 cache entries */
             value = stack_pointer[-1];
-            DEOPT_IF(!PyList_CheckExact(value), TO_BOOL);
+            PyObject *value_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(value);
+            DEOPT_IF(!PyList_CheckExact(value_o), TO_BOOL);
             STAT_INC(TO_BOOL, hit);
-            res = Py_SIZE(value) ? Py_True : Py_False;
-            Py_DECREF(value);
+            res = Py_SIZE(value_o) ? PyStackRef_True : PyStackRef_False;
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(value);
             stack_pointer[-1] = res;
             DISPATCH();
         }
@@ -5996,15 +7878,15 @@
             next_instr += 4;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(TO_BOOL_NONE);
             static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_TO_BOOL == 3, "incorrect cache size");
-            PyObject *value;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef value;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
             /* Skip 2 cache entries */
             value = stack_pointer[-1];
             // This one is a bit weird, because we expect *some* failures:
-            DEOPT_IF(!Py_IsNone(value), TO_BOOL);
+            DEOPT_IF(!PyStackRef_Is(value, PyStackRef_None), TO_BOOL);
             STAT_INC(TO_BOOL, hit);
-            res = Py_False;
+            res = PyStackRef_False;
             stack_pointer[-1] = res;
             DISPATCH();
         }
@@ -6014,21 +7896,22 @@
             next_instr += 4;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(TO_BOOL_STR);
             static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_TO_BOOL == 3, "incorrect cache size");
-            PyObject *value;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef value;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
             /* Skip 2 cache entries */
             value = stack_pointer[-1];
-            DEOPT_IF(!PyUnicode_CheckExact(value), TO_BOOL);
+            PyObject *value_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(value);
+            DEOPT_IF(!PyUnicode_CheckExact(value_o), TO_BOOL);
             STAT_INC(TO_BOOL, hit);
-            if (value == &_Py_STR(empty)) {
-                assert(_Py_IsImmortal(value));
-                res = Py_False;
+            if (value_o == &_Py_STR(empty)) {
+                assert(_Py_IsImmortal(value_o));
+                res = PyStackRef_False;
             }
             else {
-                assert(Py_SIZE(value));
-                Py_DECREF(value);
-                res = Py_True;
+                assert(Py_SIZE(value_o));
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(value);
+                res = PyStackRef_True;
             }
             stack_pointer[-1] = res;
             DISPATCH();
@@ -6038,12 +7921,15 @@
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(UNARY_INVERT);
-            PyObject *value;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef value;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             value = stack_pointer[-1];
-            res = PyNumber_Invert(value);
-            Py_DECREF(value);
-            if (res == NULL) goto pop_1_error;
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            PyObject *res_o = PyNumber_Invert(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(value));
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(value);
+            if (res_o == NULL) goto pop_1_error;
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
             stack_pointer[-1] = res;
             DISPATCH();
         }
@@ -6052,12 +7938,15 @@
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(UNARY_NEGATIVE);
-            PyObject *value;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef value;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             value = stack_pointer[-1];
-            res = PyNumber_Negative(value);
-            Py_DECREF(value);
-            if (res == NULL) goto pop_1_error;
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            PyObject *res_o = PyNumber_Negative(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(value));
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(value);
+            if (res_o == NULL) goto pop_1_error;
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
             stack_pointer[-1] = res;
             DISPATCH();
         }
@@ -6066,11 +7955,12 @@
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(UNARY_NOT);
-            PyObject *value;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef value;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             value = stack_pointer[-1];
-            assert(PyBool_Check(value));
-            res = Py_IsFalse(value) ? Py_True : Py_False;
+            assert(PyStackRef_BoolCheck(value));
+            res = PyStackRef_Is(value, PyStackRef_False)
+            ? PyStackRef_True : PyStackRef_False;
             stack_pointer[-1] = res;
             DISPATCH();
         }
@@ -6079,14 +7969,18 @@
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(UNPACK_EX);
-            PyObject *seq;
+            _PyStackRef seq;
+            _PyStackRef *right;
             seq = stack_pointer[-1];
-            int totalargs = 1 + (oparg & 0xFF) + (oparg >> 8);
-            PyObject **top = stack_pointer + totalargs - 1;
-            int res = _PyEval_UnpackIterable(tstate, seq, oparg & 0xFF, oparg >> 8, top);
-            Py_DECREF(seq);
+            right = &stack_pointer[(oparg & 0xFF)];
+            _PyStackRef *top = right + (oparg >> 8);
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            int res = _PyEval_UnpackIterableStackRef(tstate, seq, oparg & 0xFF, oparg >> 8, top);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(seq);
             if (res == 0) goto pop_1_error;
-            stack_pointer += (oparg >> 8) + (oparg & 0xFF);
+            stack_pointer += (oparg & 0xFF) + (oparg >> 8);
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -6095,21 +7989,24 @@
             next_instr += 2;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(UNPACK_SEQUENCE);
             PREDICTED(UNPACK_SEQUENCE);
-            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = next_instr - 2;
+            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = next_instr - 2;
             (void)this_instr;
-            PyObject *seq;
+            _PyStackRef seq;
+            _PyStackRef *output;
             // _SPECIALIZE_UNPACK_SEQUENCE
-            seq = stack_pointer[-1];
             {
+                seq = stack_pointer[-1];
                 uint16_t counter = read_u16(&this_instr[1].cache);
                 (void)counter;
                 #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
                 if (ADAPTIVE_COUNTER_TRIGGERS(counter)) {
                     next_instr = this_instr;
+                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                     _Py_Specialize_UnpackSequence(seq, next_instr, oparg);
+                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                     DISPATCH_SAME_OPARG();
                 }
-                STAT_INC(UNPACK_SEQUENCE, deferred);
+                OPCODE_DEFERRED_INC(UNPACK_SEQUENCE);
                 ADVANCE_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(this_instr[1].counter);
                 #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
                 (void)seq;
@@ -6117,12 +8014,16 @@
             }
             // _UNPACK_SEQUENCE
             {
-                PyObject **top = stack_pointer + oparg - 1;
-                int res = _PyEval_UnpackIterable(tstate, seq, oparg, -1, top);
-                Py_DECREF(seq);
+                output = &stack_pointer[-1];
+                _PyStackRef *top = output + oparg;
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                int res = _PyEval_UnpackIterableStackRef(tstate, seq, oparg, -1, top);
+                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+                PyStackRef_CLOSE(seq);
                 if (res == 0) goto pop_1_error;
             }
             stack_pointer += -1 + oparg;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -6131,20 +8032,22 @@
             next_instr += 2;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(UNPACK_SEQUENCE_LIST);
             static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_UNPACK_SEQUENCE == 1, "incorrect cache size");
-            PyObject *seq;
-            PyObject **values;
+            _PyStackRef seq;
+            _PyStackRef *values;
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
             seq = stack_pointer[-1];
             values = &stack_pointer[-1];
-            DEOPT_IF(!PyList_CheckExact(seq), UNPACK_SEQUENCE);
-            DEOPT_IF(PyList_GET_SIZE(seq) != oparg, UNPACK_SEQUENCE);
+            PyObject *seq_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(seq);
+            DEOPT_IF(!PyList_CheckExact(seq_o), UNPACK_SEQUENCE);
+            DEOPT_IF(PyList_GET_SIZE(seq_o) != oparg, UNPACK_SEQUENCE);
             STAT_INC(UNPACK_SEQUENCE, hit);
-            PyObject **items = _PyList_ITEMS(seq);
+            PyObject **items = _PyList_ITEMS(seq_o);
             for (int i = oparg; --i >= 0; ) {
-                *values++ = Py_NewRef(items[i]);
+                *values++ = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(items[i]);
             }
-            Py_DECREF(seq);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(seq);
             stack_pointer += -1 + oparg;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -6153,20 +8056,22 @@
             next_instr += 2;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(UNPACK_SEQUENCE_TUPLE);
             static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_UNPACK_SEQUENCE == 1, "incorrect cache size");
-            PyObject *seq;
-            PyObject **values;
+            _PyStackRef seq;
+            _PyStackRef *values;
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
             seq = stack_pointer[-1];
             values = &stack_pointer[-1];
-            DEOPT_IF(!PyTuple_CheckExact(seq), UNPACK_SEQUENCE);
-            DEOPT_IF(PyTuple_GET_SIZE(seq) != oparg, UNPACK_SEQUENCE);
+            PyObject *seq_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(seq);
+            DEOPT_IF(!PyTuple_CheckExact(seq_o), UNPACK_SEQUENCE);
+            DEOPT_IF(PyTuple_GET_SIZE(seq_o) != oparg, UNPACK_SEQUENCE);
             STAT_INC(UNPACK_SEQUENCE, hit);
-            PyObject **items = _PyTuple_ITEMS(seq);
+            PyObject **items = _PyTuple_ITEMS(seq_o);
             for (int i = oparg; --i >= 0; ) {
-                *values++ = Py_NewRef(items[i]);
+                *values++ = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(items[i]);
             }
-            Py_DECREF(seq);
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(seq);
             stack_pointer += -1 + oparg;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -6175,21 +8080,23 @@
             next_instr += 2;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(UNPACK_SEQUENCE_TWO_TUPLE);
             static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_UNPACK_SEQUENCE == 1, "incorrect cache size");
-            PyObject *seq;
-            PyObject *val1;
-            PyObject *val0;
+            _PyStackRef seq;
+            _PyStackRef val1;
+            _PyStackRef val0;
             /* Skip 1 cache entry */
             seq = stack_pointer[-1];
             assert(oparg == 2);
-            DEOPT_IF(!PyTuple_CheckExact(seq), UNPACK_SEQUENCE);
-            DEOPT_IF(PyTuple_GET_SIZE(seq) != 2, UNPACK_SEQUENCE);
+            PyObject *seq_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(seq);
+            DEOPT_IF(!PyTuple_CheckExact(seq_o), UNPACK_SEQUENCE);
+            DEOPT_IF(PyTuple_GET_SIZE(seq_o) != 2, UNPACK_SEQUENCE);
             STAT_INC(UNPACK_SEQUENCE, hit);
-            val0 = Py_NewRef(PyTuple_GET_ITEM(seq, 0));
-            val1 = Py_NewRef(PyTuple_GET_ITEM(seq, 1));
-            Py_DECREF(seq);
+            val0 = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(PyTuple_GET_ITEM(seq_o, 0));
+            val1 = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(PyTuple_GET_ITEM(seq_o, 1));
+            PyStackRef_CLOSE(seq);
             stack_pointer[-1] = val1;
             stack_pointer[0] = val0;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -6197,39 +8104,49 @@
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(WITH_EXCEPT_START);
-            PyObject *val;
-            PyObject *lasti;
-            PyObject *exit_func;
-            PyObject *res;
+            _PyStackRef exit_func;
+            _PyStackRef exit_self;
+            _PyStackRef lasti;
+            _PyStackRef val;
+            _PyStackRef res;
             val = stack_pointer[-1];
             lasti = stack_pointer[-3];
-            exit_func = stack_pointer[-4];
+            exit_self = stack_pointer[-4];
+            exit_func = stack_pointer[-5];
             /* At the top of the stack are 4 values:
                - val: TOP = exc_info()
                - unused: SECOND = previous exception
                - lasti: THIRD = lasti of exception in exc_info()
-               - exit_func: FOURTH = the context.__exit__ bound method
+               - exit_self: FOURTH = the context or NULL
+               - exit_func: FIFTH = the context.__exit__ function or context.__exit__ bound method
                We call FOURTH(type(TOP), TOP, GetTraceback(TOP)).
                Then we push the __exit__ return value.
              */
             PyObject *exc, *tb;
-            assert(val && PyExceptionInstance_Check(val));
-            exc = PyExceptionInstance_Class(val);
-            tb = PyException_GetTraceback(val);
+            PyObject *val_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(val);
+            PyObject *exit_func_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(exit_func);
+            assert(val_o && PyExceptionInstance_Check(val_o));
+            exc = PyExceptionInstance_Class(val_o);
+            tb = PyException_GetTraceback(val_o);
             if (tb == NULL) {
                 tb = Py_None;
             }
             else {
                 Py_DECREF(tb);
             }
-            assert(PyLong_Check(lasti));
+            assert(PyStackRef_LongCheck(lasti));
             (void)lasti; // Shut up compiler warning if asserts are off
-            PyObject *stack[4] = {NULL, exc, val, tb};
-            res = PyObject_Vectorcall(exit_func, stack + 1,
-                                      3 | PY_VECTORCALL_ARGUMENTS_OFFSET, NULL);
-            if (res == NULL) goto error;
+            PyObject *stack[5] = {NULL, PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(exit_self), exc, val_o, tb};
+            int has_self = !PyStackRef_IsNull(exit_self);
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            PyObject *res_o = PyObject_Vectorcall(exit_func_o, stack + 2 - has_self,
+                (3 + has_self) | PY_VECTORCALL_ARGUMENTS_OFFSET, NULL);
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
+            if (res_o == NULL) goto error;
+            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
             stack_pointer[0] = res;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -6237,8 +8154,8 @@
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(YIELD_VALUE);
-            PyObject *retval;
-            PyObject *value;
+            _PyStackRef retval;
+            _PyStackRef value;
             retval = stack_pointer[-1];
             // NOTE: It's important that YIELD_VALUE never raises an exception!
             // The compiler treats any exception raised here as a failed close()
@@ -6247,11 +8164,13 @@
             assert(frame != &entry_frame);
             #endif
             frame->instr_ptr++;
-            PyGenObject *gen = _PyFrame_GetGenerator(frame);
+            PyGenObject *gen = _PyGen_GetGeneratorFromFrame(frame);
             assert(FRAME_SUSPENDED_YIELD_FROM == FRAME_SUSPENDED + 1);
             assert(oparg == 0 || oparg == 1);
             gen->gi_frame_state = FRAME_SUSPENDED + oparg;
+            _PyStackRef temp = retval;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
             tstate->exc_info = gen->gi_exc_state.previous_item;
             gen->gi_exc_state.previous_item = NULL;
@@ -6263,18 +8182,19 @@
             assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_SEND == INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_FOR_ITER);
             #if TIER_ONE
             assert(frame->instr_ptr->op.code == INSTRUMENTED_LINE ||
-                   frame->instr_ptr->op.code == INSTRUMENTED_INSTRUCTION ||
-                   _PyOpcode_Deopt[frame->instr_ptr->op.code] == SEND ||
-                   _PyOpcode_Deopt[frame->instr_ptr->op.code] == FOR_ITER ||
-                   _PyOpcode_Deopt[frame->instr_ptr->op.code] == INTERPRETER_EXIT ||
-                   _PyOpcode_Deopt[frame->instr_ptr->op.code] == ENTER_EXECUTOR);
+                  frame->instr_ptr->op.code == INSTRUMENTED_INSTRUCTION ||
+                  _PyOpcode_Deopt[frame->instr_ptr->op.code] == SEND ||
+                  _PyOpcode_Deopt[frame->instr_ptr->op.code] == FOR_ITER ||
+                  _PyOpcode_Deopt[frame->instr_ptr->op.code] == INTERPRETER_EXIT ||
+                  _PyOpcode_Deopt[frame->instr_ptr->op.code] == ENTER_EXECUTOR);
             #endif
+            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
             LOAD_IP(1 + INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_SEND);
-            LOAD_SP();
-            value = retval;
+            value = temp;
             LLTRACE_RESUME_FRAME();
             stack_pointer[0] = value;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             DISPATCH();
         }
 #undef TIER_ONE
diff --git a/Python/getargs.c b/Python/getargs.c
index 88f4c58ed2caa6..a764343ea9ee3f 100644
--- a/Python/getargs.c
+++ b/Python/getargs.c
@@ -1934,7 +1934,8 @@ new_kwtuple(const char * const *keywords, int total, int pos)
             Py_DECREF(kwtuple);
             return NULL;
         }
-        PyUnicode_InternInPlace(&str);
+        PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
+        _PyUnicode_InternImmortal(interp, &str);
         PyTuple_SET_ITEM(kwtuple, i, str);
     }
     return kwtuple;
@@ -2029,6 +2030,19 @@ parser_clear(struct _PyArg_Parser *parser)
     if (parser->is_kwtuple_owned) {
         Py_CLEAR(parser->kwtuple);
     }
+
+    if (parser->format) {
+        parser->fname = NULL;
+    }
+    else {
+        assert(parser->fname != NULL);
+    }
+    parser->custom_msg = NULL;
+    parser->pos = 0;
+    parser->min = 0;
+    parser->max = 0;
+    parser->is_kwtuple_owned = 0;
+    parser->once.v = 0;
 }
 
 static PyObject*
@@ -2050,7 +2064,7 @@ find_keyword(PyObject *kwnames, PyObject *const *kwstack, PyObject *key)
     for (i = 0; i < nkwargs; i++) {
         PyObject *kwname = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(kwnames, i);
         assert(PyUnicode_Check(kwname));
-        if (_PyUnicode_EQ(kwname, key)) {
+        if (_PyUnicode_Equal(kwname, key)) {
             return Py_NewRef(kwstack[i]);
         }
     }
@@ -2069,7 +2083,8 @@ vgetargskeywordsfast_impl(PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs,
     const char *format;
     const char *msg;
     PyObject *keyword;
-    int i, pos, len;
+    Py_ssize_t i;
+    int pos, len;
     Py_ssize_t nkwargs;
     freelistentry_t static_entries[STATIC_FREELIST_ENTRIES];
     freelist_t freelist;
@@ -2586,7 +2601,7 @@ _PyArg_UnpackKeywordsWithVararg(PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs,
          *
          * Otherwise, we leave a place at `buf[vararg]` for vararg tuple
          * so the index is `i + 1`. */
-        if (nargs < vararg && i != vararg) {
+        if (i < vararg) {
             buf[i] = current_arg;
         }
         else {
@@ -2674,7 +2689,7 @@ skipitem(const char **p_format, va_list *p_va, int flags)
                 goto err;
             format++;
         }
-        /* fall through */
+        _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
 
     case 's': /* string */
     case 'z': /* string or None */
diff --git a/Python/hamt.c b/Python/hamt.c
index a8fbb00b807934..cfd211f4541446 100644
--- a/Python/hamt.c
+++ b/Python/hamt.c
@@ -349,7 +349,7 @@ hamt_node_find(PyHamtNode *node,
 #ifdef Py_DEBUG
 static int
 hamt_node_dump(PyHamtNode *node,
-               _PyUnicodeWriter *writer, int level);
+               PyUnicodeWriter *writer, int level);
 #endif
 
 static PyHamtNode *
@@ -444,7 +444,7 @@ hamt_bitindex(uint32_t bitmap, uint32_t bit)
 #ifdef Py_DEBUG
 
 static int
-_hamt_dump_ident(_PyUnicodeWriter *writer, int level)
+_hamt_dump_ident(PyUnicodeWriter *writer, int level)
 {
     /* Write `'    ' * level` to the `writer` */
     PyObject *str = NULL;
@@ -467,7 +467,7 @@ _hamt_dump_ident(_PyUnicodeWriter *writer, int level)
         goto error;
     }
 
-    ret = _PyUnicodeWriter_WriteStr(writer, res);
+    ret = PyUnicodeWriter_WriteStr(writer, res);
 
 error:
     Py_XDECREF(res);
@@ -476,29 +476,6 @@ _hamt_dump_ident(_PyUnicodeWriter *writer, int level)
     return ret;
 }
 
-static int
-_hamt_dump_format(_PyUnicodeWriter *writer, const char *format, ...)
-{
-    /* A convenient helper combining _PyUnicodeWriter_WriteStr and
-       PyUnicode_FromFormatV.
-    */
-    PyObject* msg;
-    int ret;
-
-    va_list vargs;
-    va_start(vargs, format);
-    msg = PyUnicode_FromFormatV(format, vargs);
-    va_end(vargs);
-
-    if (msg == NULL) {
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    ret = _PyUnicodeWriter_WriteStr(writer, msg);
-    Py_DECREF(msg);
-    return ret;
-}
-
 #endif  /* Py_DEBUG */
 /////////////////////////////////// Bitmap Node
 
@@ -1154,7 +1131,7 @@ hamt_node_bitmap_dealloc(PyHamtNode_Bitmap *self)
 #ifdef Py_DEBUG
 static int
 hamt_node_bitmap_dump(PyHamtNode_Bitmap *node,
-                      _PyUnicodeWriter *writer, int level)
+                      PyUnicodeWriter *writer, int level)
 {
     /* Debug build: __dump__() method implementation for Bitmap nodes. */
 
@@ -1166,8 +1143,8 @@ hamt_node_bitmap_dump(PyHamtNode_Bitmap *node,
         goto error;
     }
 
-    if (_hamt_dump_format(writer, "BitmapNode(size=%zd count=%zd ",
-                          Py_SIZE(node), Py_SIZE(node) / 2))
+    if (PyUnicodeWriter_Format(writer, "BitmapNode(size=%zd count=%zd ",
+                               Py_SIZE(node), Py_SIZE(node) / 2) < 0)
     {
         goto error;
     }
@@ -1181,7 +1158,9 @@ hamt_node_bitmap_dump(PyHamtNode_Bitmap *node,
     if (tmp2 == NULL) {
         goto error;
     }
-    if (_hamt_dump_format(writer, "bitmap=%S id=%p):\n", tmp2, node)) {
+    if (PyUnicodeWriter_Format(writer, "bitmap=%S id=%p):\n",
+                               tmp2, node) < 0)
+    {
         Py_DECREF(tmp2);
         goto error;
     }
@@ -1196,7 +1175,7 @@ hamt_node_bitmap_dump(PyHamtNode_Bitmap *node,
         }
 
         if (key_or_null == NULL) {
-            if (_hamt_dump_format(writer, "NULL:\n")) {
+            if (PyUnicodeWriter_WriteUTF8(writer, "NULL:\n", -1) < 0) {
                 goto error;
             }
 
@@ -1207,14 +1186,14 @@ hamt_node_bitmap_dump(PyHamtNode_Bitmap *node,
             }
         }
         else {
-            if (_hamt_dump_format(writer, "%R: %R", key_or_null,
-                                  val_or_node))
+            if (PyUnicodeWriter_Format(writer, "%R: %R",
+                                       key_or_null, val_or_node) < 0)
             {
                 goto error;
             }
         }
 
-        if (_hamt_dump_format(writer, "\n")) {
+        if (PyUnicodeWriter_WriteUTF8(writer, "\n", 1) < 0) {
             goto error;
         }
     }
@@ -1548,7 +1527,7 @@ hamt_node_collision_dealloc(PyHamtNode_Collision *self)
 #ifdef Py_DEBUG
 static int
 hamt_node_collision_dump(PyHamtNode_Collision *node,
-                         _PyUnicodeWriter *writer, int level)
+                         PyUnicodeWriter *writer, int level)
 {
     /* Debug build: __dump__() method implementation for Collision nodes. */
 
@@ -1558,8 +1537,8 @@ hamt_node_collision_dump(PyHamtNode_Collision *node,
         goto error;
     }
 
-    if (_hamt_dump_format(writer, "CollisionNode(size=%zd id=%p):\n",
-                          Py_SIZE(node), node))
+    if (PyUnicodeWriter_Format(writer, "CollisionNode(size=%zd id=%p):\n",
+                          	   Py_SIZE(node), node) < 0)
     {
         goto error;
     }
@@ -1572,7 +1551,7 @@ hamt_node_collision_dump(PyHamtNode_Collision *node,
             goto error;
         }
 
-        if (_hamt_dump_format(writer, "%R: %R\n", key, val)) {
+        if (PyUnicodeWriter_Format(writer, "%R: %R\n", key, val) < 0) {
             goto error;
         }
     }
@@ -1924,7 +1903,7 @@ hamt_node_array_dealloc(PyHamtNode_Array *self)
 #ifdef Py_DEBUG
 static int
 hamt_node_array_dump(PyHamtNode_Array *node,
-                     _PyUnicodeWriter *writer, int level)
+                     PyUnicodeWriter *writer, int level)
 {
     /* Debug build: __dump__() method implementation for Array nodes. */
 
@@ -1934,7 +1913,7 @@ hamt_node_array_dump(PyHamtNode_Array *node,
         goto error;
     }
 
-    if (_hamt_dump_format(writer, "ArrayNode(id=%p):\n", node)) {
+    if (PyUnicodeWriter_Format(writer, "ArrayNode(id=%p):\n", node) < 0) {
         goto error;
     }
 
@@ -1947,7 +1926,7 @@ hamt_node_array_dump(PyHamtNode_Array *node,
             goto error;
         }
 
-        if (_hamt_dump_format(writer, "%zd::\n", i)) {
+        if (PyUnicodeWriter_Format(writer, "%zd::\n", i) < 0) {
             goto error;
         }
 
@@ -1955,7 +1934,7 @@ hamt_node_array_dump(PyHamtNode_Array *node,
             goto error;
         }
 
-        if (_hamt_dump_format(writer, "\n")) {
+        if (PyUnicodeWriter_WriteUTF8(writer, "\n", 1) < 0) {
             goto error;
         }
     }
@@ -2071,7 +2050,7 @@ hamt_node_find(PyHamtNode *node,
 #ifdef Py_DEBUG
 static int
 hamt_node_dump(PyHamtNode *node,
-               _PyUnicodeWriter *writer, int level)
+               PyUnicodeWriter *writer, int level)
 {
     /* Debug build: __dump__() method implementation for a node.
 
@@ -2440,22 +2419,24 @@ _PyHamt_New(void)
 static PyObject *
 hamt_dump(PyHamtObject *self)
 {
-    _PyUnicodeWriter writer;
-
-    _PyUnicodeWriter_Init(&writer);
+    PyUnicodeWriter *writer = PyUnicodeWriter_Create(0);
+    if (writer == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
 
-    if (_hamt_dump_format(&writer, "HAMT(len=%zd):\n", self->h_count)) {
+    if (PyUnicodeWriter_Format(writer, "HAMT(len=%zd):\n",
+                               self->h_count) < 0) {
         goto error;
     }
 
-    if (hamt_node_dump(self->h_root, &writer, 0)) {
+    if (hamt_node_dump(self->h_root, writer, 0)) {
         goto error;
     }
 
-    return _PyUnicodeWriter_Finish(&writer);
+    return PyUnicodeWriter_Finish(writer);
 
 error:
-    _PyUnicodeWriter_Dealloc(&writer);
+    PyUnicodeWriter_Discard(writer);
     return NULL;
 }
 #endif  /* Py_DEBUG */
diff --git a/Python/import.c b/Python/import.c
index 2c7a461ac786c8..d8ad37b2422795 100644
--- a/Python/import.c
+++ b/Python/import.c
@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
 /* Module definition and import implementation */
 
 #include "Python.h"
+#include "pycore_audit.h"         // _PySys_Audit()
 #include "pycore_ceval.h"
 #include "pycore_hashtable.h"     // _Py_hashtable_new_full()
 #include "pycore_import.h"        // _PyImport_BootstrapImp()
 #include "pycore_initconfig.h"    // _PyStatus_OK()
 #include "pycore_interp.h"        // struct _import_runtime_state
+#include "pycore_magic_number.h"  // PYC_MAGIC_NUMBER_TOKEN
 #include "pycore_namespace.h"     // _PyNamespace_Type
 #include "pycore_object.h"        // _Py_SetImmortal()
 #include "pycore_pyerrors.h"      // _PyErr_SetString()
@@ -13,7 +15,7 @@
 #include "pycore_pylifecycle.h"
 #include "pycore_pymem.h"         // _PyMem_SetDefaultAllocator()
 #include "pycore_pystate.h"       // _PyInterpreterState_GET()
-#include "pycore_sysmodule.h"     // _PySys_Audit()
+#include "pycore_sysmodule.h"     // _PySys_ClearAttrString()
 #include "pycore_time.h"          // _PyTime_AsMicroseconds()
 #include "pycore_weakref.h"       // _PyWeakref_GET_REF()
 
@@ -814,6 +816,8 @@ static int clear_singlephase_extension(PyInterpreterState *interp,
 
 // Currently, this is only used for testing.
 // (See _testinternalcapi.clear_extension().)
+// If adding another use, be careful about modules that import themselves
+// recursively (see gh-123880).
 int
 _PyImport_ClearExtension(PyObject *name, PyObject *filename)
 {
@@ -1173,7 +1177,7 @@ hashtable_key_from_2_strings(PyObject *str1, PyObject *str2, const char sep)
 static Py_uhash_t
 hashtable_hash_str(const void *key)
 {
-    return _Py_HashBytes(key, strlen((const char *)key));
+    return Py_HashBuffer(key, strlen((const char *)key));
 }
 
 static int
@@ -1321,12 +1325,16 @@ _extensions_cache_set(PyObject *path, PyObject *name,
     value = entry == NULL
         ? NULL
         : (struct extensions_cache_value *)entry->value;
-    /* We should never be updating an existing cache value. */
-    assert(value == NULL);
     if (value != NULL) {
-        PyErr_Format(PyExc_SystemError,
-                     "extension module %R is already cached", name);
-        goto finally;
+        /* gh-123880: If there's an existing cache value, it means a module is
+         * being imported recursively from its PyInit_* or Py_mod_* function.
+         * (That function presumably handles returning a partially
+         *  constructed module in such a case.)
+         * We can reuse the existing cache value; it is owned by the cache.
+         * (Entries get removed from it in exceptional circumstances,
+         *  after interpreter shutdown, and in runtime shutdown.)
+         */
+        goto finally_oldvalue;
     }
     newvalue = alloc_extensions_cache_value();
     if (newvalue == NULL) {
@@ -1391,6 +1399,7 @@ _extensions_cache_set(PyObject *path, PyObject *name,
         cleanup_old_cached_def(&olddefbase);
     }
 
+finally_oldvalue:
     extensions_lock_release();
     if (key != NULL) {
         hashtable_destroy_str(key);
@@ -1518,11 +1527,11 @@ switch_to_main_interpreter(PyThreadState *tstate)
     if (_Py_IsMainInterpreter(tstate->interp)) {
         return tstate;
     }
-    PyThreadState *main_tstate = PyThreadState_New(_PyInterpreterState_Main());
+    PyThreadState *main_tstate = _PyThreadState_NewBound(
+            _PyInterpreterState_Main(), _PyThreadState_WHENCE_EXEC);
     if (main_tstate == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
-    main_tstate->_whence = _PyThreadState_WHENCE_EXEC;
 #ifndef NDEBUG
     PyThreadState *old_tstate = PyThreadState_Swap(main_tstate);
     assert(old_tstate == tstate);
@@ -1532,6 +1541,35 @@ switch_to_main_interpreter(PyThreadState *tstate)
     return main_tstate;
 }
 
+static void
+switch_back_from_main_interpreter(PyThreadState *tstate,
+                                  PyThreadState *main_tstate,
+                                  PyObject *tempobj)
+{
+    assert(main_tstate == PyThreadState_GET());
+    assert(_Py_IsMainInterpreter(main_tstate->interp));
+    assert(tstate->interp != main_tstate->interp);
+
+    /* Handle any exceptions, which we cannot propagate directly
+     * to the subinterpreter. */
+    if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        if (PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_MemoryError)) {
+            /* We trust it will be caught again soon. */
+            PyErr_Clear();
+        }
+        else {
+            /* Printing the exception should be sufficient. */
+            PyErr_PrintEx(0);
+        }
+    }
+
+    Py_XDECREF(tempobj);
+
+    PyThreadState_Clear(main_tstate);
+    (void)PyThreadState_Swap(tstate);
+    PyThreadState_Delete(main_tstate);
+}
+
 static PyObject *
 get_core_module_dict(PyInterpreterState *interp,
                      PyObject *name, PyObject *path)
@@ -1551,6 +1589,7 @@ get_core_module_dict(PyInterpreterState *interp,
     return NULL;
 }
 
+#ifndef NDEBUG
 static inline int
 is_core_module(PyInterpreterState *interp, PyObject *name, PyObject *path)
 {
@@ -1568,7 +1607,6 @@ is_core_module(PyInterpreterState *interp, PyObject *name, PyObject *path)
 }
 
 
-#ifndef NDEBUG
 static _Py_ext_module_kind
 _get_extension_kind(PyModuleDef *def, bool check_size)
 {
@@ -1967,10 +2005,22 @@ import_run_extension(PyThreadState *tstate, PyModInitFunction p0,
         if (res.kind == _Py_ext_module_kind_SINGLEPHASE) {
             /* Remember the filename as the __file__ attribute */
             if (info->filename != NULL) {
+                PyObject *filename = NULL;
+                if (switched) {
+                    // The original filename may be allocated by subinterpreter's
+                    // obmalloc, so we create a copy here.
+                    filename = _PyUnicode_Copy(info->filename);
+                    if (filename == NULL) {
+                        return NULL;
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    filename = Py_NewRef(info->filename);
+                }
                 // XXX There's a refleak somewhere with the filename.
-                // Until we can track it down, we intern it.
-                PyObject *filename = Py_NewRef(info->filename);
-                PyUnicode_InternInPlace(&filename);
+                // Until we can track it down, we immortalize it.
+                PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
+                _PyUnicode_InternImmortal(interp, &filename);
+
                 if (PyModule_AddObjectRef(mod, "__file__", filename) < 0) {
                     PyErr_Clear(); /* Not important enough to report */
                 }
@@ -2003,7 +2053,7 @@ import_run_extension(PyThreadState *tstate, PyModInitFunction p0,
                 singlephase.m_init = p0;
             }
             cached = update_global_state_for_extension(
-                    tstate, info->path, info->name, def, &singlephase);
+                    main_tstate, info->path, info->name, def, &singlephase);
             if (cached == NULL) {
                 assert(PyErr_Occurred());
                 goto main_finally;
@@ -2015,27 +2065,10 @@ import_run_extension(PyThreadState *tstate, PyModInitFunction p0,
     /* Switch back to the subinterpreter. */
     if (switched) {
         assert(main_tstate != tstate);
-
-        /* Handle any exceptions, which we cannot propagate directly
-         * to the subinterpreter. */
-        if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
-            if (PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_MemoryError)) {
-                /* We trust it will be caught again soon. */
-                PyErr_Clear();
-            }
-            else {
-                /* Printing the exception should be sufficient. */
-                PyErr_PrintEx(0);
-            }
-        }
-
+        switch_back_from_main_interpreter(tstate, main_tstate, mod);
         /* Any module we got from the init function will have to be
          * reloaded in the subinterpreter. */
-        Py_CLEAR(mod);
-
-        PyThreadState_Clear(main_tstate);
-        (void)PyThreadState_Swap(tstate);
-        PyThreadState_Delete(main_tstate);
+        mod = NULL;
     }
 
     /*****************************************************************/
@@ -2103,6 +2136,7 @@ import_run_extension(PyThreadState *tstate, PyModInitFunction p0,
 }
 
 
+// Used in _PyImport_ClearExtension; see notes there.
 static int
 clear_singlephase_extension(PyInterpreterState *interp,
                             PyObject *name, PyObject *path)
@@ -2129,9 +2163,21 @@ clear_singlephase_extension(PyInterpreterState *interp,
         }
     }
 
+    /* We must use the main interpreter to clean up the cache.
+     * See the note in import_run_extension(). */
+    PyThreadState *tstate = PyThreadState_GET();
+    PyThreadState *main_tstate = switch_to_main_interpreter(tstate);
+    if (main_tstate == NULL) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
     /* Clear the cached module def. */
     _extensions_cache_delete(path, name);
 
+    if (main_tstate != tstate) {
+        switch_back_from_main_interpreter(tstate, main_tstate, NULL);
+    }
+
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -2439,23 +2485,9 @@ _PyImport_GetBuiltinModuleNames(void)
 long
 PyImport_GetMagicNumber(void)
 {
-    long res;
-    PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
-    PyObject *external, *pyc_magic;
-
-    external = PyObject_GetAttrString(IMPORTLIB(interp), "_bootstrap_external");
-    if (external == NULL)
-        return -1;
-    pyc_magic = PyObject_GetAttrString(external, "_RAW_MAGIC_NUMBER");
-    Py_DECREF(external);
-    if (pyc_magic == NULL)
-        return -1;
-    res = PyLong_AsLong(pyc_magic);
-    Py_DECREF(pyc_magic);
-    return res;
+    return PYC_MAGIC_NUMBER_TOKEN;
 }
 
-
 extern const char * _PySys_ImplCacheTag;
 
 const char *
@@ -4787,6 +4819,12 @@ imp_module_exec(PyObject *module)
         return -1;
     }
 
+    if (PyModule_AddIntConstant(
+            module, "pyc_magic_number_token", PYC_MAGIC_NUMBER_TOKEN) < 0)
+    {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
     return 0;
 }
 
diff --git a/Python/importdl.c b/Python/importdl.c
index 7c42d37283c495..996ca7ed2a3108 100644
--- a/Python/importdl.c
+++ b/Python/importdl.c
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@
 #include "pycore_pystate.h"
 #include "pycore_runtime.h"
 
+#include "pycore_importdl.h"
+
 /* ./configure sets HAVE_DYNAMIC_LOADING if dynamic loading of modules is
    supported on this platform. configure will then compile and link in one
    of the dynload_*.c files, as appropriate. We will call a function in
@@ -15,8 +17,6 @@
 */
 #ifdef HAVE_DYNAMIC_LOADING
 
-#include "pycore_importdl.h"
-
 #ifdef MS_WINDOWS
 extern dl_funcptr _PyImport_FindSharedFuncptrWindows(const char *prefix,
                                                      const char *shortname,
@@ -28,6 +28,8 @@ extern dl_funcptr _PyImport_FindSharedFuncptr(const char *prefix,
                                               const char *pathname, FILE *fp);
 #endif
 
+#endif /* HAVE_DYNAMIC_LOADING */
+
 
 /***********************************/
 /* module info to use when loading */
@@ -205,6 +207,7 @@ _Py_ext_module_loader_info_init_for_core(
     return 0;
 }
 
+#ifdef HAVE_DYNAMIC_LOADING
 int
 _Py_ext_module_loader_info_init_from_spec(
                             struct _Py_ext_module_loader_info *p_info,
@@ -226,6 +229,7 @@ _Py_ext_module_loader_info_init_from_spec(
     Py_DECREF(filename);
     return err;
 }
+#endif /* HAVE_DYNAMIC_LOADING */
 
 
 /********************************/
@@ -248,14 +252,14 @@ _Py_ext_module_loader_result_set_error(
 {
 #ifndef NDEBUG
     switch (kind) {
-    case _Py_ext_module_loader_result_EXCEPTION:  /* fall through */
+    case _Py_ext_module_loader_result_EXCEPTION: _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
     case _Py_ext_module_loader_result_ERR_UNREPORTED_EXC:
         assert(PyErr_Occurred());
         break;
-    case _Py_ext_module_loader_result_ERR_MISSING:  /* fall through */
-    case _Py_ext_module_loader_result_ERR_UNINITIALIZED:  /* fall through */
-    case _Py_ext_module_loader_result_ERR_NONASCII_NOT_MULTIPHASE:  /* fall through */
-    case _Py_ext_module_loader_result_ERR_NOT_MODULE:  /* fall through */
+    case _Py_ext_module_loader_result_ERR_MISSING: _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
+    case _Py_ext_module_loader_result_ERR_UNINITIALIZED: _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
+    case _Py_ext_module_loader_result_ERR_NONASCII_NOT_MULTIPHASE: _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
+    case _Py_ext_module_loader_result_ERR_NOT_MODULE: _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
     case _Py_ext_module_loader_result_ERR_MISSING_DEF:
         assert(!PyErr_Occurred());
         break;
@@ -279,11 +283,11 @@ _Py_ext_module_loader_result_set_error(
         res->kind = _Py_ext_module_kind_INVALID;
         break;
     /* None of the rest affect the result kind. */
-    case _Py_ext_module_loader_result_EXCEPTION:  /* fall through */
-    case _Py_ext_module_loader_result_ERR_MISSING:  /* fall through */
-    case _Py_ext_module_loader_result_ERR_UNREPORTED_EXC:  /* fall through */
-    case _Py_ext_module_loader_result_ERR_NONASCII_NOT_MULTIPHASE:  /* fall through */
-    case _Py_ext_module_loader_result_ERR_NOT_MODULE:  /* fall through */
+    case _Py_ext_module_loader_result_EXCEPTION: _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
+    case _Py_ext_module_loader_result_ERR_MISSING: _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
+    case _Py_ext_module_loader_result_ERR_UNREPORTED_EXC: _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
+    case _Py_ext_module_loader_result_ERR_NONASCII_NOT_MULTIPHASE: _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
+    case _Py_ext_module_loader_result_ERR_NOT_MODULE: _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
     case _Py_ext_module_loader_result_ERR_MISSING_DEF:
         break;
     default:
@@ -307,14 +311,14 @@ _Py_ext_module_loader_result_apply_error(
 
 #ifndef NDEBUG
     switch (err.kind) {
-    case _Py_ext_module_loader_result_EXCEPTION:  /* fall through */
+    case _Py_ext_module_loader_result_EXCEPTION: _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
     case _Py_ext_module_loader_result_ERR_UNREPORTED_EXC:
         assert(err.exc != NULL);
         break;
-    case _Py_ext_module_loader_result_ERR_MISSING:  /* fall through */
-    case _Py_ext_module_loader_result_ERR_UNINITIALIZED:  /* fall through */
-    case _Py_ext_module_loader_result_ERR_NONASCII_NOT_MULTIPHASE:  /* fall through */
-    case _Py_ext_module_loader_result_ERR_NOT_MODULE:  /* fall through */
+    case _Py_ext_module_loader_result_ERR_MISSING: _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
+    case _Py_ext_module_loader_result_ERR_UNINITIALIZED: _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
+    case _Py_ext_module_loader_result_ERR_NONASCII_NOT_MULTIPHASE: _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
+    case _Py_ext_module_loader_result_ERR_NOT_MODULE: _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
     case _Py_ext_module_loader_result_ERR_MISSING_DEF:
         assert(err.exc == NULL);
         break;
@@ -372,6 +376,7 @@ _Py_ext_module_loader_result_apply_error(
 /* getting/running the module init function */
 /********************************************/
 
+#ifdef HAVE_DYNAMIC_LOADING
 PyModInitFunction
 _PyImport_GetModInitFunc(struct _Py_ext_module_loader_info *info,
                          FILE *fp)
@@ -406,6 +411,7 @@ _PyImport_GetModInitFunc(struct _Py_ext_module_loader_info *info,
 
     return (PyModInitFunction)exportfunc;
 }
+#endif /* HAVE_DYNAMIC_LOADING */
 
 int
 _PyImport_RunModInitFunc(PyModInitFunction p0,
@@ -513,5 +519,3 @@ _PyImport_RunModInitFunc(PyModInitFunction p0,
     p_res->err = &p_res->_err;
     return -1;
 }
-
-#endif /* HAVE_DYNAMIC_LOADING */
diff --git a/Python/initconfig.c b/Python/initconfig.c
index a28c08c5318ddc..c142438b02bfd9 100644
--- a/Python/initconfig.c
+++ b/Python/initconfig.c
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 #include "pycore_pymem.h"         // _PyMem_SetDefaultAllocator()
 #include "pycore_pystate.h"       // _PyThreadState_GET()
 #include "pycore_pystats.h"       // _Py_StatsOn()
+#include "pycore_sysmodule.h"     // _PySys_SetIntMaxStrDigits()
 
 #include "osdefs.h"               // DELIM
 
@@ -26,6 +27,22 @@
 
 #include "config_common.h"
 
+/* --- PyConfig setters ------------------------------------------- */
+
+typedef PyObject* (*config_sys_flag_setter) (int value);
+
+static PyObject*
+config_sys_flag_long(int value)
+{
+    return PyLong_FromLong(value);
+}
+
+static PyObject*
+config_sys_flag_not(int value)
+{
+    value = (!value);
+    return config_sys_flag_long(value);
+}
 
 /* --- PyConfig spec ---------------------------------------------- */
 
@@ -40,99 +57,174 @@ typedef enum {
     PyConfig_MEMBER_WSTR_LIST = 12,
 } PyConfigMemberType;
 
+typedef enum {
+    // Option which cannot be get or set by PyConfig_Get() and PyConfig_Set()
+    PyConfig_MEMBER_INIT_ONLY = 0,
+
+    // Option which cannot be set by PyConfig_Set()
+    PyConfig_MEMBER_READ_ONLY = 1,
+
+    // Public option: can be get and set by PyConfig_Get() and PyConfig_Set()
+    PyConfig_MEMBER_PUBLIC = 2,
+} PyConfigMemberVisibility;
+
+typedef struct {
+    const char *attr;
+    int flag_index;
+    config_sys_flag_setter flag_setter;
+} PyConfigSysSpec;
+
 typedef struct {
     const char *name;
     size_t offset;
     PyConfigMemberType type;
+    PyConfigMemberVisibility visibility;
+    PyConfigSysSpec sys;
 } PyConfigSpec;
 
-#define SPEC(MEMBER, TYPE) \
-    {#MEMBER, offsetof(PyConfig, MEMBER), PyConfig_MEMBER_##TYPE}
+#define SPEC(MEMBER, TYPE, VISIBILITY, sys) \
+    {#MEMBER, offsetof(PyConfig, MEMBER), \
+     PyConfig_MEMBER_##TYPE, PyConfig_MEMBER_##VISIBILITY, sys}
+
+#define SYS_ATTR(name) {name, -1, NULL}
+#define SYS_FLAG_SETTER(index, setter) {NULL, index, setter}
+#define SYS_FLAG(index) SYS_FLAG_SETTER(index, NULL)
+#define NO_SYS SYS_ATTR(NULL)
 
 // Update _test_embed_set_config when adding new members
 static const PyConfigSpec PYCONFIG_SPEC[] = {
-    SPEC(_config_init, UINT),
-    SPEC(isolated, BOOL),
-    SPEC(use_environment, BOOL),
-    SPEC(dev_mode, BOOL),
-    SPEC(install_signal_handlers, BOOL),
-    SPEC(use_hash_seed, BOOL),
-    SPEC(hash_seed, ULONG),
-    SPEC(faulthandler, BOOL),
-    SPEC(tracemalloc, UINT),
-    SPEC(perf_profiling, UINT),
-    SPEC(import_time, BOOL),
-    SPEC(code_debug_ranges, BOOL),
-    SPEC(show_ref_count, BOOL),
-    SPEC(dump_refs, BOOL),
-    SPEC(dump_refs_file, WSTR_OPT),
-    SPEC(malloc_stats, BOOL),
-    SPEC(filesystem_encoding, WSTR),
-    SPEC(filesystem_errors, WSTR),
-    SPEC(pycache_prefix, WSTR_OPT),
-    SPEC(parse_argv, BOOL),
-    SPEC(orig_argv, WSTR_LIST),
-    SPEC(argv, WSTR_LIST),
-    SPEC(xoptions, WSTR_LIST),
-    SPEC(warnoptions, WSTR_LIST),
-    SPEC(site_import, BOOL),
-    SPEC(bytes_warning, UINT),
-    SPEC(warn_default_encoding, BOOL),
-    SPEC(inspect, BOOL),
-    SPEC(interactive, BOOL),
-    SPEC(optimization_level, UINT),
-    SPEC(parser_debug, BOOL),
-    SPEC(write_bytecode, BOOL),
-    SPEC(verbose, UINT),
-    SPEC(quiet, BOOL),
-    SPEC(user_site_directory, BOOL),
-    SPEC(configure_c_stdio, BOOL),
-    SPEC(buffered_stdio, BOOL),
-    SPEC(stdio_encoding, WSTR),
-    SPEC(stdio_errors, WSTR),
-#ifdef MS_WINDOWS
-    SPEC(legacy_windows_stdio, BOOL),
+    // --- Public options -----------
+
+    SPEC(argv, WSTR_LIST, PUBLIC, SYS_ATTR("argv")),
+    SPEC(base_exec_prefix, WSTR_OPT, PUBLIC, SYS_ATTR("base_exec_prefix")),
+    SPEC(base_executable, WSTR_OPT, PUBLIC, SYS_ATTR("_base_executable")),
+    SPEC(base_prefix, WSTR_OPT, PUBLIC, SYS_ATTR("base_prefix")),
+    SPEC(bytes_warning, UINT, PUBLIC, SYS_FLAG(9)),
+    SPEC(exec_prefix, WSTR_OPT, PUBLIC, SYS_ATTR("exec_prefix")),
+    SPEC(executable, WSTR_OPT, PUBLIC, SYS_ATTR("executable")),
+    SPEC(inspect, BOOL, PUBLIC, SYS_FLAG(1)),
+    SPEC(int_max_str_digits, UINT, PUBLIC, NO_SYS),
+    SPEC(interactive, BOOL, PUBLIC, SYS_FLAG(2)),
+    SPEC(module_search_paths, WSTR_LIST, PUBLIC, SYS_ATTR("path")),
+    SPEC(optimization_level, UINT, PUBLIC, SYS_FLAG(3)),
+    SPEC(parser_debug, BOOL, PUBLIC, SYS_FLAG(0)),
+    SPEC(platlibdir, WSTR, PUBLIC, SYS_ATTR("platlibdir")),
+    SPEC(prefix, WSTR_OPT, PUBLIC, SYS_ATTR("prefix")),
+    SPEC(pycache_prefix, WSTR_OPT, PUBLIC, SYS_ATTR("pycache_prefix")),
+    SPEC(quiet, BOOL, PUBLIC, SYS_FLAG(10)),
+    SPEC(stdlib_dir, WSTR_OPT, PUBLIC, SYS_ATTR("_stdlib_dir")),
+    SPEC(use_environment, BOOL, PUBLIC, SYS_FLAG_SETTER(7, config_sys_flag_not)),
+    SPEC(verbose, UINT, PUBLIC, SYS_FLAG(8)),
+    SPEC(warnoptions, WSTR_LIST, PUBLIC, SYS_ATTR("warnoptions")),
+    SPEC(write_bytecode, BOOL, PUBLIC, SYS_FLAG_SETTER(4, config_sys_flag_not)),
+    SPEC(xoptions, WSTR_LIST, PUBLIC, SYS_ATTR("_xoptions")),
+
+    // --- Read-only options -----------
+
+#ifdef Py_STATS
+    SPEC(_pystats, BOOL, READ_ONLY, NO_SYS),
 #endif
-    SPEC(check_hash_pycs_mode, WSTR),
-    SPEC(use_frozen_modules, BOOL),
-    SPEC(safe_path, BOOL),
-    SPEC(int_max_str_digits, INT),
-    SPEC(cpu_count, INT),
+    SPEC(buffered_stdio, BOOL, READ_ONLY, NO_SYS),
+    SPEC(check_hash_pycs_mode, WSTR, READ_ONLY, NO_SYS),
+    SPEC(code_debug_ranges, BOOL, READ_ONLY, NO_SYS),
+    SPEC(configure_c_stdio, BOOL, READ_ONLY, NO_SYS),
+    SPEC(cpu_count, INT, READ_ONLY, NO_SYS),
+    SPEC(dev_mode, BOOL, READ_ONLY, NO_SYS),  // sys.flags.dev_mode
+    SPEC(dump_refs, BOOL, READ_ONLY, NO_SYS),
+    SPEC(dump_refs_file, WSTR_OPT, READ_ONLY, NO_SYS),
 #ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
-    SPEC(enable_gil, INT),
+    SPEC(enable_gil, INT, READ_ONLY, NO_SYS),
 #endif
-    SPEC(pathconfig_warnings, BOOL),
-    SPEC(program_name, WSTR),
-    SPEC(pythonpath_env, WSTR_OPT),
-    SPEC(home, WSTR_OPT),
-    SPEC(platlibdir, WSTR),
-    SPEC(sys_path_0, WSTR_OPT),
-    SPEC(module_search_paths_set, BOOL),
-    SPEC(module_search_paths, WSTR_LIST),
-    SPEC(stdlib_dir, WSTR_OPT),
-    SPEC(executable, WSTR_OPT),
-    SPEC(base_executable, WSTR_OPT),
-    SPEC(prefix, WSTR_OPT),
-    SPEC(base_prefix, WSTR_OPT),
-    SPEC(exec_prefix, WSTR_OPT),
-    SPEC(base_exec_prefix, WSTR_OPT),
-    SPEC(skip_source_first_line, BOOL),
-    SPEC(run_command, WSTR_OPT),
-    SPEC(run_module, WSTR_OPT),
-    SPEC(run_filename, WSTR_OPT),
-    SPEC(_install_importlib, BOOL),
-    SPEC(_init_main, BOOL),
-    SPEC(_is_python_build, BOOL),
-#ifdef Py_STATS
-    SPEC(_pystats, BOOL),
+    SPEC(faulthandler, BOOL, READ_ONLY, NO_SYS),
+    SPEC(filesystem_encoding, WSTR, READ_ONLY, NO_SYS),
+    SPEC(filesystem_errors, WSTR, READ_ONLY, NO_SYS),
+    SPEC(hash_seed, ULONG, READ_ONLY, NO_SYS),
+    SPEC(home, WSTR_OPT, READ_ONLY, NO_SYS),
+    SPEC(import_time, BOOL, READ_ONLY, NO_SYS),
+    SPEC(install_signal_handlers, BOOL, READ_ONLY, NO_SYS),
+    SPEC(isolated, BOOL, READ_ONLY, NO_SYS),  // sys.flags.isolated
+#ifdef MS_WINDOWS
+    SPEC(legacy_windows_stdio, BOOL, READ_ONLY, NO_SYS),
 #endif
+    SPEC(malloc_stats, BOOL, READ_ONLY, NO_SYS),
+    SPEC(orig_argv, WSTR_LIST, READ_ONLY, SYS_ATTR("orig_argv")),
+    SPEC(parse_argv, BOOL, READ_ONLY, NO_SYS),
+    SPEC(pathconfig_warnings, BOOL, READ_ONLY, NO_SYS),
+    SPEC(perf_profiling, UINT, READ_ONLY, NO_SYS),
+    SPEC(program_name, WSTR, READ_ONLY, NO_SYS),
+    SPEC(run_command, WSTR_OPT, READ_ONLY, NO_SYS),
+    SPEC(run_filename, WSTR_OPT, READ_ONLY, NO_SYS),
+    SPEC(run_module, WSTR_OPT, READ_ONLY, NO_SYS),
 #ifdef Py_DEBUG
-    SPEC(run_presite, WSTR_OPT),
+    SPEC(run_presite, WSTR_OPT, READ_ONLY, NO_SYS),
+#endif
+    SPEC(safe_path, BOOL, READ_ONLY, NO_SYS),
+    SPEC(show_ref_count, BOOL, READ_ONLY, NO_SYS),
+    SPEC(site_import, BOOL, READ_ONLY, NO_SYS),  // sys.flags.no_site
+    SPEC(skip_source_first_line, BOOL, READ_ONLY, NO_SYS),
+    SPEC(stdio_encoding, WSTR, READ_ONLY, NO_SYS),
+    SPEC(stdio_errors, WSTR, READ_ONLY, NO_SYS),
+    SPEC(tracemalloc, UINT, READ_ONLY, NO_SYS),
+    SPEC(use_frozen_modules, BOOL, READ_ONLY, NO_SYS),
+    SPEC(use_hash_seed, BOOL, READ_ONLY, NO_SYS),
+    SPEC(user_site_directory, BOOL, READ_ONLY, NO_SYS),  // sys.flags.no_user_site
+    SPEC(warn_default_encoding, BOOL, READ_ONLY, NO_SYS),
+
+    // --- Init-only options -----------
+
+    SPEC(_config_init, UINT, INIT_ONLY, NO_SYS),
+    SPEC(_init_main, BOOL, INIT_ONLY, NO_SYS),
+    SPEC(_install_importlib, BOOL, INIT_ONLY, NO_SYS),
+    SPEC(_is_python_build, BOOL, INIT_ONLY, NO_SYS),
+    SPEC(module_search_paths_set, BOOL, INIT_ONLY, NO_SYS),
+    SPEC(pythonpath_env, WSTR_OPT, INIT_ONLY, NO_SYS),
+    SPEC(sys_path_0, WSTR_OPT, INIT_ONLY, NO_SYS),
+
+    // Array terminator
+    {NULL, 0, 0, 0, NO_SYS},
+};
+
+#undef SPEC
+#define SPEC(MEMBER, TYPE, VISIBILITY) \
+    {#MEMBER, offsetof(PyPreConfig, MEMBER), PyConfig_MEMBER_##TYPE, \
+     PyConfig_MEMBER_##VISIBILITY, NO_SYS}
+
+static const PyConfigSpec PYPRECONFIG_SPEC[] = {
+    // --- Read-only options -----------
+
+    SPEC(allocator, INT, READ_ONLY),
+    SPEC(coerce_c_locale, BOOL, READ_ONLY),
+    SPEC(coerce_c_locale_warn, BOOL, READ_ONLY),
+    SPEC(configure_locale, BOOL, READ_ONLY),
+#ifdef MS_WINDOWS
+    SPEC(legacy_windows_fs_encoding, BOOL, READ_ONLY),
 #endif
-    {NULL, 0, 0},
+    SPEC(utf8_mode, BOOL, READ_ONLY),
+
+    // --- Init-only options -----------
+    // Members already present in PYCONFIG_SPEC
+
+    SPEC(_config_init, INT, INIT_ONLY),
+    SPEC(dev_mode, BOOL, INIT_ONLY),
+    SPEC(isolated, BOOL, INIT_ONLY),
+    SPEC(parse_argv, BOOL, INIT_ONLY),
+    SPEC(use_environment, BOOL, INIT_ONLY),
+
+    // Array terminator
+    {NULL, 0, 0, 0, NO_SYS},
 };
 
 #undef SPEC
+#undef SYS_ATTR
+#undef SYS_FLAG_SETTER
+#undef SYS_FLAG
+#undef NO_SYS
+
+
+// Forward declarations
+static PyObject*
+config_get(const PyConfig *config, const PyConfigSpec *spec,
+           int use_sys);
 
 
 /* --- Command line options --------------------------------------- */
@@ -249,6 +341,7 @@ static const char usage_envvars[] =
 "PYTHONMALLOC    : set the Python memory allocators and/or install debug hooks\n"
 "                  on Python memory allocators.  Use PYTHONMALLOC=debug to\n"
 "                  install debug hooks.\n"
+"PYTHONMALLOCSTATS: print memory allocator statistics\n"
 "PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE: if this variable is set to 0, it disables the locale\n"
 "                  coercion behavior.  Use PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=warn to request\n"
 "                  display of locale coercion and locale compatibility warnings\n"
@@ -260,6 +353,20 @@ static const char usage_envvars[] =
 "                  various kinds of output.  Setting it to 0 deactivates\n"
 "                  this behavior.\n"
 "PYTHON_HISTORY  : the location of a .python_history file.\n"
+"PYTHONASYNCIODEBUG: enable asyncio debug mode\n"
+#ifdef Py_TRACE_REFS
+"PYTHONDUMPREFS  : dump objects and reference counts still alive after shutdown\n"
+"PYTHONDUMPREFSFILE: dump objects and reference counts to the specified file\n"
+#endif
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+"PYTHONEXECUTABLE: set sys.argv[0] to this value (macOS only)\n"
+#endif
+#ifdef MS_WINDOWS
+"PYTHONLEGACYWINDOWSFSENCODING: use legacy \"mbcs\" encoding for file system\n"
+"PYTHONLEGACYWINDOWSSTDIO: use legacy Windows stdio\n"
+#endif
+"PYTHONUSERBASE  : defines the user base directory (site.USER_BASE)\n"
+"PYTHON_BASIC_REPL: use the traditional parser-based REPL\n"
 "\n"
 "These variables have equivalent command-line options (see --help for details):\n"
 "PYTHON_CPU_COUNT: override the return value of os.cpu_count() (-X cpu_count)\n"
@@ -281,6 +388,8 @@ static const char usage_envvars[] =
 "PYTHONNOUSERSITE: disable user site directory (-s)\n"
 "PYTHONOPTIMIZE  : enable level 1 optimizations (-O)\n"
 "PYTHONPERFSUPPORT: support the Linux \"perf\" profiler (-X perf)\n"
+"PYTHON_PERF_JIT_SUPPORT: enable Linux \"perf\" profiler support with JIT\n"
+"                  (-X perf_jit)\n"
 #ifdef Py_DEBUG
 "PYTHON_PRESITE: import this module before site (-X presite)\n"
 #endif
@@ -639,6 +748,28 @@ _PyWideStringList_AsList(const PyWideStringList *list)
 }
 
 
+static PyObject*
+_PyWideStringList_AsTuple(const PyWideStringList *list)
+{
+    assert(_PyWideStringList_CheckConsistency(list));
+
+    PyObject *tuple = PyTuple_New(list->length);
+    if (tuple == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < list->length; i++) {
+        PyObject *item = PyUnicode_FromWideChar(list->items[i], -1);
+        if (item == NULL) {
+            Py_DECREF(tuple);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        PyTuple_SET_ITEM(tuple, i, item);
+    }
+    return tuple;
+}
+
+
 /* --- Py_GetArgcArgv() ------------------------------------------- */
 
 void
@@ -900,7 +1031,6 @@ PyConfig_InitIsolatedConfig(PyConfig *config)
     config->dev_mode = 0;
     config->install_signal_handlers = 0;
     config->use_hash_seed = 0;
-    config->faulthandler = 0;
     config->tracemalloc = 0;
     config->perf_profiling = 0;
     config->int_max_str_digits = _PY_LONG_DEFAULT_MAX_STR_DIGITS;
@@ -983,6 +1113,20 @@ PyConfig_SetBytesString(PyConfig *config, wchar_t **config_str,
 }
 
 
+static inline void*
+config_get_spec_member(const PyConfig *config, const PyConfigSpec *spec)
+{
+    return (char *)config + spec->offset;
+}
+
+
+static inline void*
+preconfig_get_spec_member(const PyPreConfig *preconfig, const PyConfigSpec *spec)
+{
+    return (char *)preconfig + spec->offset;
+}
+
+
 PyStatus
 _PyConfig_Copy(PyConfig *config, const PyConfig *config2)
 {
@@ -991,8 +1135,8 @@ _PyConfig_Copy(PyConfig *config, const PyConfig *config2)
     PyStatus status;
     const PyConfigSpec *spec = PYCONFIG_SPEC;
     for (; spec->name != NULL; spec++) {
-        char *member = (char *)config + spec->offset;
-        char *member2 = (char *)config2 + spec->offset;
+        void *member = config_get_spec_member(config, spec);
+        const void *member2 = config_get_spec_member((PyConfig*)config2, spec);
         switch (spec->type) {
         case PyConfig_MEMBER_INT:
         case PyConfig_MEMBER_UINT:
@@ -1042,54 +1186,12 @@ _PyConfig_AsDict(const PyConfig *config)
 
     const PyConfigSpec *spec = PYCONFIG_SPEC;
     for (; spec->name != NULL; spec++) {
-        char *member = (char *)config + spec->offset;
-        PyObject *obj;
-        switch (spec->type) {
-        case PyConfig_MEMBER_INT:
-        case PyConfig_MEMBER_UINT:
-        {
-            int value = *(int*)member;
-            obj = PyLong_FromLong(value);
-            break;
-        }
-        case PyConfig_MEMBER_BOOL:
-        {
-            int value = *(int*)member;
-            obj = PyBool_FromLong(value);
-            break;
-        }
-        case PyConfig_MEMBER_ULONG:
-        {
-            unsigned long value = *(unsigned long*)member;
-            obj = PyLong_FromUnsignedLong(value);
-            break;
-        }
-        case PyConfig_MEMBER_WSTR:
-        case PyConfig_MEMBER_WSTR_OPT:
-        {
-            const wchar_t *wstr = *(const wchar_t**)member;
-            if (wstr != NULL) {
-                obj = PyUnicode_FromWideChar(wstr, -1);
-            }
-            else {
-                obj = Py_NewRef(Py_None);
-            }
-            break;
-        }
-        case PyConfig_MEMBER_WSTR_LIST:
-        {
-            const PyWideStringList *list = (const PyWideStringList*)member;
-            obj = _PyWideStringList_AsList(list);
-            break;
-        }
-        default:
-            Py_UNREACHABLE();
-        }
-
+        PyObject *obj = config_get(config, spec, 0);
         if (obj == NULL) {
             Py_DECREF(dict);
             return NULL;
         }
+
         int res = PyDict_SetItemString(dict, spec->name, obj);
         Py_DECREF(obj);
         if (res < 0) {
@@ -1201,15 +1303,17 @@ config_dict_get_wstrlist(PyObject *dict, const char *name, PyConfig *config,
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if (!PyList_CheckExact(list)) {
+    int is_list = PyList_CheckExact(list);
+    if (!is_list && !PyTuple_CheckExact(list)) {
         Py_DECREF(list);
         config_dict_invalid_type(name);
         return -1;
     }
 
     PyWideStringList wstrlist = _PyWideStringList_INIT;
-    for (Py_ssize_t i=0; i < PyList_GET_SIZE(list); i++) {
-        PyObject *item = PyList_GET_ITEM(list, i);
+    Py_ssize_t len = is_list ? PyList_GET_SIZE(list) : PyTuple_GET_SIZE(list);
+    for (Py_ssize_t i=0; i < len; i++) {
+        PyObject *item = is_list ? PyList_GET_ITEM(list, i) : PyTuple_GET_ITEM(list, i);
 
         if (item == Py_None) {
             config_dict_invalid_value(name);
@@ -1246,6 +1350,66 @@ config_dict_get_wstrlist(PyObject *dict, const char *name, PyConfig *config,
 }
 
 
+static int
+config_dict_get_xoptions(PyObject *dict, const char *name, PyConfig *config,
+                         PyWideStringList *result)
+{
+    PyObject *xoptions = config_dict_get(dict, name);
+    if (xoptions == NULL) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    if (!PyDict_CheckExact(xoptions)) {
+        Py_DECREF(xoptions);
+        config_dict_invalid_type(name);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    Py_ssize_t pos = 0;
+    PyObject *key, *value;
+    PyWideStringList wstrlist = _PyWideStringList_INIT;
+    while (PyDict_Next(xoptions, &pos, &key, &value)) {
+        PyObject *item;
+
+        if (value != Py_True) {
+            item = PyUnicode_FromFormat("%S=%S", key, value);
+            if (item == NULL) {
+                goto error;
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            item = Py_NewRef(key);
+        }
+
+        wchar_t *wstr = PyUnicode_AsWideCharString(item, NULL);
+        Py_DECREF(item);
+        if (wstr == NULL) {
+            goto error;
+        }
+
+        PyStatus status = PyWideStringList_Append(&wstrlist, wstr);
+        PyMem_Free(wstr);
+        if (_PyStatus_EXCEPTION(status)) {
+            PyErr_NoMemory();
+            goto error;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (_PyWideStringList_Copy(result, &wstrlist) < 0) {
+        PyErr_NoMemory();
+        goto error;
+    }
+    _PyWideStringList_Clear(&wstrlist);
+    Py_DECREF(xoptions);
+    return 0;
+
+error:
+    _PyWideStringList_Clear(&wstrlist);
+    Py_DECREF(xoptions);
+    return -1;
+}
+
+
 int
 _PyConfig_FromDict(PyConfig *config, PyObject *dict)
 {
@@ -1307,9 +1471,17 @@ _PyConfig_FromDict(PyConfig *config, PyObject *dict)
         }
         case PyConfig_MEMBER_WSTR_LIST:
         {
-            if (config_dict_get_wstrlist(dict, spec->name, config,
-                                         (PyWideStringList*)member) < 0) {
-                return -1;
+            if (strcmp(spec->name, "xoptions") == 0) {
+                if (config_dict_get_xoptions(dict, spec->name, config,
+                                             (PyWideStringList*)member) < 0) {
+                    return -1;
+                }
+            }
+            else {
+                if (config_dict_get_wstrlist(dict, spec->name, config,
+                                             (PyWideStringList*)member) < 0) {
+                    return -1;
+                }
             }
             break;
         }
@@ -1542,20 +1714,24 @@ config_wstr_to_int(const wchar_t *wstr, int *result)
 static PyStatus
 config_read_gil(PyConfig *config, size_t len, wchar_t first_char)
 {
-#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
     if (len == 1 && first_char == L'0') {
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
         config->enable_gil = _PyConfig_GIL_DISABLE;
+#else
+        return _PyStatus_ERR("Disabling the GIL is not supported by this build");
+#endif
     }
     else if (len == 1 && first_char == L'1') {
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
         config->enable_gil = _PyConfig_GIL_ENABLE;
+#else
+        return _PyStatus_OK();
+#endif
     }
     else {
         return _PyStatus_ERR("PYTHON_GIL / -X gil must be \"0\" or \"1\"");
     }
     return _PyStatus_OK();
-#else
-    return _PyStatus_ERR("PYTHON_GIL / -X gil are not supported by this build");
-#endif
 }
 
 static PyStatus
@@ -3244,3 +3420,1013 @@ _Py_DumpPathConfig(PyThreadState *tstate)
 
     _PyErr_SetRaisedException(tstate, exc);
 }
+
+
+// --- PyInitConfig API ---------------------------------------------------
+
+struct PyInitConfig {
+    PyPreConfig preconfig;
+    PyConfig config;
+    struct _inittab *inittab;
+    Py_ssize_t inittab_size;
+    PyStatus status;
+    char *err_msg;
+};
+
+static PyInitConfig*
+initconfig_alloc(void)
+{
+    return calloc(1, sizeof(PyInitConfig));
+}
+
+
+PyInitConfig*
+PyInitConfig_Create(void)
+{
+    PyInitConfig *config = initconfig_alloc();
+    if (config == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    PyPreConfig_InitIsolatedConfig(&config->preconfig);
+    PyConfig_InitIsolatedConfig(&config->config);
+    config->status = _PyStatus_OK();
+    return config;
+}
+
+
+void
+PyInitConfig_Free(PyInitConfig *config)
+{
+    if (config == NULL) {
+        return;
+    }
+    free(config->err_msg);
+    free(config);
+}
+
+
+int
+PyInitConfig_GetError(PyInitConfig* config, const char **perr_msg)
+{
+    if (_PyStatus_IS_EXIT(config->status)) {
+        char buffer[22];  // len("exit code -2147483648\0")
+        PyOS_snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer),
+                      "exit code %i",
+                      config->status.exitcode);
+
+        if (config->err_msg != NULL) {
+            free(config->err_msg);
+        }
+        config->err_msg = strdup(buffer);
+        if (config->err_msg != NULL) {
+            *perr_msg = config->err_msg;
+            return 1;
+        }
+        config->status = _PyStatus_NO_MEMORY();
+    }
+
+    if (_PyStatus_IS_ERROR(config->status) && config->status.err_msg != NULL) {
+        *perr_msg = config->status.err_msg;
+        return 1;
+    }
+    else {
+        *perr_msg = NULL;
+        return 0;
+    }
+}
+
+
+int
+PyInitConfig_GetExitCode(PyInitConfig* config, int *exitcode)
+{
+    if (_PyStatus_IS_EXIT(config->status)) {
+        *exitcode = config->status.exitcode;
+        return 1;
+    }
+    else {
+        return 0;
+    }
+}
+
+
+static void
+initconfig_set_error(PyInitConfig *config, const char *err_msg)
+{
+    config->status = _PyStatus_ERR(err_msg);
+}
+
+
+static const PyConfigSpec*
+initconfig_find_spec(const PyConfigSpec *spec, const char *name)
+{
+    for (; spec->name != NULL; spec++) {
+        if (strcmp(name, spec->name) == 0) {
+            return spec;
+        }
+    }
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+
+int
+PyInitConfig_HasOption(PyInitConfig *config, const char *name)
+{
+    const PyConfigSpec *spec = initconfig_find_spec(PYCONFIG_SPEC, name);
+    if (spec == NULL) {
+        spec = initconfig_find_spec(PYPRECONFIG_SPEC, name);
+    }
+    return (spec != NULL);
+}
+
+
+static const PyConfigSpec*
+initconfig_prepare(PyInitConfig *config, const char *name, void **raw_member)
+{
+    const PyConfigSpec *spec = initconfig_find_spec(PYCONFIG_SPEC, name);
+    if (spec != NULL) {
+        *raw_member = config_get_spec_member(&config->config, spec);
+        return spec;
+    }
+
+    spec = initconfig_find_spec(PYPRECONFIG_SPEC, name);
+    if (spec != NULL) {
+        *raw_member = preconfig_get_spec_member(&config->preconfig, spec);
+        return spec;
+    }
+
+    initconfig_set_error(config, "unknown config option name");
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+
+int
+PyInitConfig_GetInt(PyInitConfig *config, const char *name, int64_t *value)
+{
+    void *raw_member;
+    const PyConfigSpec *spec = initconfig_prepare(config, name, &raw_member);
+    if (spec == NULL) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    switch (spec->type) {
+    case PyConfig_MEMBER_INT:
+    case PyConfig_MEMBER_UINT:
+    case PyConfig_MEMBER_BOOL:
+    {
+        int *member = raw_member;
+        *value = *member;
+        break;
+    }
+
+    case PyConfig_MEMBER_ULONG:
+    {
+        unsigned long *member = raw_member;
+#if SIZEOF_LONG >= 8
+        if ((unsigned long)INT64_MAX < *member) {
+            initconfig_set_error(config,
+                "config option value doesn't fit into int64_t");
+            return -1;
+        }
+#endif
+        *value = *member;
+        break;
+    }
+
+    default:
+        initconfig_set_error(config, "config option type is not int");
+        return -1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+static char*
+wstr_to_utf8(PyInitConfig *config, wchar_t *wstr)
+{
+    char *utf8;
+    int res = _Py_EncodeUTF8Ex(wstr, &utf8, NULL, NULL, 1, _Py_ERROR_STRICT);
+    if (res == -2) {
+        initconfig_set_error(config, "encoding error");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if (res < 0) {
+        config->status = _PyStatus_NO_MEMORY();
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    // Copy to use the malloc() memory allocator
+    size_t size = strlen(utf8) + 1;
+    char *str = malloc(size);
+    if (str == NULL) {
+        PyMem_RawFree(utf8);
+        config->status = _PyStatus_NO_MEMORY();
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    memcpy(str, utf8, size);
+    PyMem_RawFree(utf8);
+    return str;
+}
+
+
+int
+PyInitConfig_GetStr(PyInitConfig *config, const char *name, char **value)
+{
+    void *raw_member;
+    const PyConfigSpec *spec = initconfig_prepare(config, name, &raw_member);
+    if (spec == NULL) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    if (spec->type != PyConfig_MEMBER_WSTR
+        && spec->type != PyConfig_MEMBER_WSTR_OPT)
+    {
+        initconfig_set_error(config, "config option type is not string");
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    wchar_t **member = raw_member;
+    if (*member == NULL) {
+        *value = NULL;
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    *value = wstr_to_utf8(config, *member);
+    if (*value == NULL) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+int
+PyInitConfig_GetStrList(PyInitConfig *config, const char *name, size_t *length, char ***items)
+{
+    void *raw_member;
+    const PyConfigSpec *spec = initconfig_prepare(config, name, &raw_member);
+    if (spec == NULL) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    if (spec->type != PyConfig_MEMBER_WSTR_LIST) {
+        initconfig_set_error(config, "config option type is not string list");
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    PyWideStringList *list = raw_member;
+    *length = list->length;
+
+    *items = malloc(list->length * sizeof(char*));
+    if (*items == NULL) {
+        config->status = _PyStatus_NO_MEMORY();
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    for (Py_ssize_t i=0; i < list->length; i++) {
+        (*items)[i] = wstr_to_utf8(config, list->items[i]);
+        if ((*items)[i] == NULL) {
+            PyInitConfig_FreeStrList(i, *items);
+            return -1;
+        }
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+void
+PyInitConfig_FreeStrList(size_t length, char **items)
+{
+    for (size_t i=0; i < length; i++) {
+        free(items[i]);
+    }
+    free(items);
+}
+
+
+int
+PyInitConfig_SetInt(PyInitConfig *config, const char *name, int64_t value)
+{
+    void *raw_member;
+    const PyConfigSpec *spec = initconfig_prepare(config, name, &raw_member);
+    if (spec == NULL) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    switch (spec->type) {
+    case PyConfig_MEMBER_INT:
+    {
+        if (value < (int64_t)INT_MIN || (int64_t)INT_MAX < value) {
+            initconfig_set_error(config,
+                "config option value is out of int range");
+            return -1;
+        }
+        int int_value = (int)value;
+
+        int *member = raw_member;
+        *member = int_value;
+        break;
+    }
+
+    case PyConfig_MEMBER_UINT:
+    case PyConfig_MEMBER_BOOL:
+    {
+        if (value < 0 || (uint64_t)UINT_MAX < (uint64_t)value) {
+            initconfig_set_error(config,
+                "config option value is out of unsigned int range");
+            return -1;
+        }
+        int int_value = (int)value;
+
+        int *member = raw_member;
+        *member = int_value;
+        break;
+    }
+
+    case PyConfig_MEMBER_ULONG:
+    {
+        if (value < 0 || (uint64_t)ULONG_MAX < (uint64_t)value) {
+            initconfig_set_error(config,
+                "config option value is out of unsigned long range");
+            return -1;
+        }
+        unsigned long ulong_value = (unsigned long)value;
+
+        unsigned long *member = raw_member;
+        *member = ulong_value;
+        break;
+    }
+
+    default:
+        initconfig_set_error(config, "config option type is not int");
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    if (strcmp(name, "hash_seed") == 0) {
+        config->config.use_hash_seed = 1;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+static wchar_t*
+utf8_to_wstr(PyInitConfig *config, const char *str)
+{
+    wchar_t *wstr;
+    size_t wlen;
+    int res = _Py_DecodeUTF8Ex(str, strlen(str), &wstr, &wlen, NULL, _Py_ERROR_STRICT);
+    if (res == -2) {
+        initconfig_set_error(config, "decoding error");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if (res < 0) {
+        config->status = _PyStatus_NO_MEMORY();
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    // Copy to use the malloc() memory allocator
+    size_t size = (wlen + 1) * sizeof(wchar_t);
+    wchar_t *wstr2 = malloc(size);
+    if (wstr2 == NULL) {
+        PyMem_RawFree(wstr);
+        config->status = _PyStatus_NO_MEMORY();
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    memcpy(wstr2, wstr, size);
+    PyMem_RawFree(wstr);
+    return wstr2;
+}
+
+
+int
+PyInitConfig_SetStr(PyInitConfig *config, const char *name, const char* value)
+{
+    void *raw_member;
+    const PyConfigSpec *spec = initconfig_prepare(config, name, &raw_member);
+    if (spec == NULL) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    if (spec->type != PyConfig_MEMBER_WSTR
+            && spec->type != PyConfig_MEMBER_WSTR_OPT) {
+        initconfig_set_error(config, "config option type is not string");
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    if (value == NULL && spec->type != PyConfig_MEMBER_WSTR_OPT) {
+        initconfig_set_error(config, "config option string cannot be NULL");
+    }
+
+    wchar_t **member = raw_member;
+
+    *member = utf8_to_wstr(config, value);
+    if (*member == NULL) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+static int
+_PyWideStringList_FromUTF8(PyInitConfig *config, PyWideStringList *list,
+                           Py_ssize_t length, char * const *items)
+{
+    PyWideStringList wlist = _PyWideStringList_INIT;
+    size_t size = sizeof(wchar_t*) * length;
+    wlist.items = (wchar_t **)PyMem_RawMalloc(size);
+    if (wlist.items == NULL) {
+        config->status = _PyStatus_NO_MEMORY();
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+        wchar_t *arg = utf8_to_wstr(config, items[i]);
+        if (arg == NULL) {
+            _PyWideStringList_Clear(&wlist);
+            return -1;
+        }
+        wlist.items[i] = arg;
+        wlist.length++;
+    }
+
+    _PyWideStringList_Clear(list);
+    *list = wlist;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+int
+PyInitConfig_SetStrList(PyInitConfig *config, const char *name,
+                        size_t length, char * const *items)
+{
+    void *raw_member;
+    const PyConfigSpec *spec = initconfig_prepare(config, name, &raw_member);
+    if (spec == NULL) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    if (spec->type != PyConfig_MEMBER_WSTR_LIST) {
+        initconfig_set_error(config, "config option type is not strings list");
+        return -1;
+    }
+    PyWideStringList *list = raw_member;
+    if (_PyWideStringList_FromUTF8(config, list, length, items) < 0) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    if (strcmp(name, "module_search_paths") == 0) {
+        config->config.module_search_paths_set = 1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+int
+PyInitConfig_AddModule(PyInitConfig *config, const char *name,
+                       PyObject* (*initfunc)(void))
+{
+    size_t size = sizeof(struct _inittab) * (config->inittab_size + 2);
+    struct _inittab *new_inittab = PyMem_RawRealloc(config->inittab, size);
+    if (new_inittab == NULL) {
+        config->status = _PyStatus_NO_MEMORY();
+        return -1;
+    }
+    config->inittab = new_inittab;
+
+    struct _inittab *entry = &config->inittab[config->inittab_size];
+    entry->name = name;
+    entry->initfunc = initfunc;
+
+    // Terminator entry
+    entry = &config->inittab[config->inittab_size + 1];
+    entry->name = NULL;
+    entry->initfunc = NULL;
+
+    config->inittab_size++;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+int
+Py_InitializeFromInitConfig(PyInitConfig *config)
+{
+    if (config->inittab_size >= 1) {
+        if (PyImport_ExtendInittab(config->inittab) < 0) {
+            config->status = _PyStatus_NO_MEMORY();
+            return -1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    _PyPreConfig_GetConfig(&config->preconfig, &config->config);
+
+    config->status = Py_PreInitializeFromArgs(
+        &config->preconfig,
+        config->config.argv.length,
+        config->config.argv.items);
+    if (_PyStatus_EXCEPTION(config->status)) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    config->status = Py_InitializeFromConfig(&config->config);
+    if (_PyStatus_EXCEPTION(config->status)) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+// --- PyConfig_Get() -------------------------------------------------------
+
+static const PyConfigSpec*
+config_generic_find_spec(const PyConfigSpec *spec, const char *name)
+{
+    for (; spec->name != NULL; spec++) {
+        if (spec->visibility == PyConfig_MEMBER_INIT_ONLY) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (strcmp(name, spec->name) == 0) {
+            return spec;
+        }
+    }
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+
+static const PyConfigSpec*
+config_find_spec(const char *name)
+{
+    return config_generic_find_spec(PYCONFIG_SPEC, name);
+}
+
+
+static const PyConfigSpec*
+preconfig_find_spec(const char *name)
+{
+    return config_generic_find_spec(PYPRECONFIG_SPEC, name);
+}
+
+
+static int
+config_add_xoption(PyObject *dict, const wchar_t *str)
+{
+    PyObject *name = NULL, *value = NULL;
+
+    const wchar_t *name_end = wcschr(str, L'=');
+    if (!name_end) {
+        name = PyUnicode_FromWideChar(str, -1);
+        if (name == NULL) {
+            goto error;
+        }
+        value = Py_NewRef(Py_True);
+    }
+    else {
+        name = PyUnicode_FromWideChar(str, name_end - str);
+        if (name == NULL) {
+            goto error;
+        }
+        value = PyUnicode_FromWideChar(name_end + 1, -1);
+        if (value == NULL) {
+            goto error;
+        }
+    }
+    if (PyDict_SetItem(dict, name, value) < 0) {
+        goto error;
+    }
+    Py_DECREF(name);
+    Py_DECREF(value);
+    return 0;
+
+error:
+    Py_XDECREF(name);
+    Py_XDECREF(value);
+    return -1;
+}
+
+
+PyObject*
+_PyConfig_CreateXOptionsDict(const PyConfig *config)
+{
+    PyObject *dict = PyDict_New();
+    if (dict == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    Py_ssize_t nxoption = config->xoptions.length;
+    wchar_t **xoptions = config->xoptions.items;
+    for (Py_ssize_t i=0; i < nxoption; i++) {
+        const wchar_t *option = xoptions[i];
+        if (config_add_xoption(dict, option) < 0) {
+            Py_DECREF(dict);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+    }
+    return dict;
+}
+
+
+static PyObject*
+config_get_sys(const char *name)
+{
+    PyObject *value = PySys_GetObject(name);
+    if (value == NULL) {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeError, "lost sys.%s", name);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    return Py_NewRef(value);
+}
+
+
+static int
+config_get_sys_write_bytecode(const PyConfig *config, int *value)
+{
+    PyObject *attr = config_get_sys("dont_write_bytecode");
+    if (attr == NULL) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    int is_true = PyObject_IsTrue(attr);
+    Py_DECREF(attr);
+    if (is_true < 0) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    *value = (!is_true);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+static PyObject*
+config_get(const PyConfig *config, const PyConfigSpec *spec,
+           int use_sys)
+{
+    if (use_sys) {
+        if (spec->sys.attr != NULL) {
+            return config_get_sys(spec->sys.attr);
+        }
+
+        if (strcmp(spec->name, "write_bytecode") == 0) {
+            int value;
+            if (config_get_sys_write_bytecode(config, &value) < 0) {
+                return NULL;
+            }
+            return PyBool_FromLong(value);
+        }
+
+        if (strcmp(spec->name, "int_max_str_digits") == 0) {
+            PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
+            return PyLong_FromLong(interp->long_state.max_str_digits);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void *member = config_get_spec_member(config, spec);
+    switch (spec->type) {
+    case PyConfig_MEMBER_INT:
+    case PyConfig_MEMBER_UINT:
+    {
+        int value = *(int *)member;
+        return PyLong_FromLong(value);
+    }
+
+    case PyConfig_MEMBER_BOOL:
+    {
+        int value = *(int *)member;
+        return PyBool_FromLong(value != 0);
+    }
+
+    case PyConfig_MEMBER_ULONG:
+    {
+        unsigned long value = *(unsigned long *)member;
+        return PyLong_FromUnsignedLong(value);
+    }
+
+    case PyConfig_MEMBER_WSTR:
+    case PyConfig_MEMBER_WSTR_OPT:
+    {
+        wchar_t *wstr = *(wchar_t **)member;
+        if (wstr != NULL) {
+            return PyUnicode_FromWideChar(wstr, -1);
+        }
+        else {
+            return Py_NewRef(Py_None);
+        }
+    }
+
+    case PyConfig_MEMBER_WSTR_LIST:
+    {
+        if (strcmp(spec->name, "xoptions") == 0) {
+            return _PyConfig_CreateXOptionsDict(config);
+        }
+        else {
+            const PyWideStringList *list = (const PyWideStringList *)member;
+            return _PyWideStringList_AsTuple(list);
+        }
+    }
+
+    default:
+        Py_UNREACHABLE();
+    }
+}
+
+
+static PyObject*
+preconfig_get(const PyPreConfig *preconfig, const PyConfigSpec *spec)
+{
+    // The type of all PYPRECONFIG_SPEC members is INT or BOOL.
+    assert(spec->type == PyConfig_MEMBER_INT
+           || spec->type == PyConfig_MEMBER_BOOL);
+
+    char *member = (char *)preconfig + spec->offset;
+    int value = *(int *)member;
+
+    if (spec->type == PyConfig_MEMBER_BOOL) {
+        return PyBool_FromLong(value != 0);
+    }
+    else {
+        return PyLong_FromLong(value);
+    }
+}
+
+
+static void
+config_unknown_name_error(const char *name)
+{
+    PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError, "unknown config option name: %s", name);
+}
+
+
+PyObject*
+PyConfig_Get(const char *name)
+{
+    const PyConfigSpec *spec = config_find_spec(name);
+    if (spec != NULL) {
+        const PyConfig *config = _Py_GetConfig();
+        return config_get(config, spec, 1);
+    }
+
+    spec = preconfig_find_spec(name);
+    if (spec != NULL) {
+        const PyPreConfig *preconfig = &_PyRuntime.preconfig;
+        return preconfig_get(preconfig, spec);
+    }
+
+    config_unknown_name_error(name);
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+
+int
+PyConfig_GetInt(const char *name, int *value)
+{
+    assert(!PyErr_Occurred());
+
+    PyObject *obj = PyConfig_Get(name);
+    if (obj == NULL) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    if (!PyLong_Check(obj)) {
+        Py_DECREF(obj);
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "config option %s is not an int", name);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    int as_int = PyLong_AsInt(obj);
+    Py_DECREF(obj);
+    if (as_int == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_OverflowError,
+                     "config option %s value does not fit into a C int", name);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    *value = as_int;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+static int
+config_names_add(PyObject *names, const PyConfigSpec *spec)
+{
+    for (; spec->name != NULL; spec++) {
+        if (spec->visibility == PyConfig_MEMBER_INIT_ONLY) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        PyObject *name = PyUnicode_FromString(spec->name);
+        if (name == NULL) {
+            return -1;
+        }
+        int res = PyList_Append(names, name);
+        Py_DECREF(name);
+        if (res < 0) {
+            return -1;
+        }
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+PyObject*
+PyConfig_Names(void)
+{
+    PyObject *names = PyList_New(0);
+    if (names == NULL) {
+        goto error;
+    }
+
+    if (config_names_add(names, PYCONFIG_SPEC) < 0) {
+        goto error;
+    }
+    if (config_names_add(names, PYPRECONFIG_SPEC) < 0) {
+        goto error;
+    }
+
+    PyObject *frozen = PyFrozenSet_New(names);
+    Py_DECREF(names);
+    return frozen;
+
+error:
+    Py_XDECREF(names);
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+
+// --- PyConfig_Set() -------------------------------------------------------
+
+static int
+config_set_sys_flag(const PyConfigSpec *spec, int int_value)
+{
+    PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
+    PyConfig *config = &interp->config;
+
+    if (spec->type == PyConfig_MEMBER_BOOL) {
+        if (int_value != 0) {
+            // convert values < 0 and values > 1 to 1
+            int_value = 1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    PyObject *value;
+    if (spec->sys.flag_setter) {
+        value = spec->sys.flag_setter(int_value);
+    }
+    else {
+        value = config_sys_flag_long(int_value);
+    }
+    if (value == NULL) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    // Set sys.flags.FLAG
+    Py_ssize_t pos = spec->sys.flag_index;
+    if (_PySys_SetFlagObj(pos, value) < 0) {
+        goto error;
+    }
+
+    // Set PyConfig.ATTR
+    assert(spec->type == PyConfig_MEMBER_INT
+           || spec->type == PyConfig_MEMBER_UINT
+           || spec->type == PyConfig_MEMBER_BOOL);
+    int *member = config_get_spec_member(config, spec);
+    *member = int_value;
+
+    // Set sys.dont_write_bytecode attribute
+    if (strcmp(spec->name, "write_bytecode") == 0) {
+        if (PySys_SetObject("dont_write_bytecode", value) < 0) {
+            goto error;
+        }
+    }
+
+    Py_DECREF(value);
+    return 0;
+
+error:
+    Py_DECREF(value);
+    return -1;
+}
+
+
+int
+PyConfig_Set(const char *name, PyObject *value)
+{
+    const PyConfigSpec *spec = config_find_spec(name);
+    if (spec == NULL) {
+        spec = preconfig_find_spec(name);
+        if (spec == NULL) {
+            config_unknown_name_error(name);
+            return -1;
+        }
+        assert(spec->visibility != PyConfig_MEMBER_PUBLIC);
+    }
+
+    if (spec->visibility != PyConfig_MEMBER_PUBLIC) {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError, "cannot set read-only option %s",
+                     name);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    int int_value = 0;
+    int has_int_value = 0;
+
+    switch (spec->type) {
+    case PyConfig_MEMBER_INT:
+    case PyConfig_MEMBER_UINT:
+    case PyConfig_MEMBER_BOOL:
+        if (!PyLong_Check(value)) {
+            PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "expected int or bool, got %T", value);
+            return -1;
+        }
+        int_value = PyLong_AsInt(value);
+        if (int_value == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+            return -1;
+        }
+        if (int_value < 0 && spec->type != PyConfig_MEMBER_INT) {
+            PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError, "value must be >= 0");
+            return -1;
+        }
+        has_int_value = 1;
+        break;
+
+    case PyConfig_MEMBER_ULONG:
+        // not implemented: only hash_seed uses this type, and it's read-only
+        goto cannot_set;
+
+    case PyConfig_MEMBER_WSTR:
+        if (!PyUnicode_CheckExact(value)) {
+            PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "expected str, got %T", value);
+            return -1;
+        }
+        break;
+
+    case PyConfig_MEMBER_WSTR_OPT:
+        if (value != Py_None && !PyUnicode_CheckExact(value)) {
+            PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "expected str or None, got %T", value);
+            return -1;
+        }
+        break;
+
+    case PyConfig_MEMBER_WSTR_LIST:
+        if (strcmp(spec->name, "xoptions") != 0) {
+            if (!PyList_Check(value)) {
+                PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "expected list[str], got %T",
+                             value);
+                return -1;
+            }
+            for (Py_ssize_t i=0; i < PyList_GET_SIZE(value); i++) {
+                PyObject *item = PyList_GET_ITEM(value, i);
+                if (!PyUnicode_Check(item)) {
+                    PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
+                                 "expected str, list item %zd has type %T",
+                                 i, item);
+                    return -1;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            // xoptions type is dict[str, str]
+            if (!PyDict_Check(value)) {
+                PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
+                             "expected dict[str, str | bool], got %T",
+                             value);
+                return -1;
+            }
+
+            Py_ssize_t pos = 0;
+            PyObject *key, *item;
+            while (PyDict_Next(value, &pos, &key, &item)) {
+                if (!PyUnicode_Check(key)) {
+                    PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
+                                 "expected str, "
+                                 "got dict key type %T", key);
+                    return -1;
+                }
+                if (!PyUnicode_Check(item) && !PyBool_Check(item)) {
+                    PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
+                                 "expected str or bool, "
+                                 "got dict value type %T", key);
+                    return -1;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        break;
+
+    default:
+        Py_UNREACHABLE();
+    }
+
+
+    if (spec->sys.attr != NULL) {
+        // Set the sys attribute, but don't set PyInterpreterState.config
+        // to keep the code simple.
+        return PySys_SetObject(spec->sys.attr, value);
+    }
+    else if (spec->sys.flag_index >= 0 && has_int_value) {
+        return config_set_sys_flag(spec, int_value);
+    }
+    else if (strcmp(spec->name, "int_max_str_digits") == 0 && has_int_value) {
+        return _PySys_SetIntMaxStrDigits(int_value);
+    }
+
+cannot_set:
+    PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError, "cannot set option %s", name);
+    return -1;
+}
diff --git a/Python/instrumentation.c b/Python/instrumentation.c
index a5211ee5428cf8..e1e494c31a1120 100644
--- a/Python/instrumentation.c
+++ b/Python/instrumentation.c
@@ -165,6 +165,7 @@ is_instrumented(int opcode)
 {
     assert(opcode != 0);
     assert(opcode != RESERVED);
+    assert(opcode != ENTER_EXECUTOR);
     return opcode >= MIN_INSTRUMENTED_OPCODE;
 }
 
@@ -330,13 +331,12 @@ _PyInstruction_GetLength(PyCodeObject *code, int offset)
         opcode = _PyOpcode_Deopt[opcode];
     }
     assert(opcode != 0);
-    assert(!is_instrumented(opcode));
     if (opcode == ENTER_EXECUTOR) {
         int exec_index = _PyCode_CODE(code)[offset].op.arg;
         _PyExecutorObject *exec = code->co_executors->executors[exec_index];
         opcode = _PyOpcode_Deopt[exec->vm_data.opcode];
-
     }
+    assert(!is_instrumented(opcode));
     assert(opcode != ENTER_EXECUTOR);
     assert(opcode == _PyOpcode_Deopt[opcode]);
     return 1 + _PyOpcode_Caches[opcode];
@@ -507,7 +507,7 @@ sanity_check_instrumentation(PyCodeObject *code)
     for (int i = 0; i < code_len;) {
         _Py_CODEUNIT *instr = &_PyCode_CODE(code)[i];
         int opcode = instr->op.code;
-        int base_opcode = _Py_GetBaseOpcode(code, i);
+        int base_opcode = _Py_GetBaseCodeUnit(code, offset).op.code;
         CHECK(valid_opcode(opcode));
         CHECK(valid_opcode(base_opcode));
         if (opcode == INSTRUMENTED_INSTRUCTION) {
@@ -579,10 +579,26 @@ sanity_check_instrumentation(PyCodeObject *code)
 
 #endif
 
-/* Get the underlying opcode, stripping instrumentation */
-int _Py_GetBaseOpcode(PyCodeObject *code, int i)
+/* Get the underlying code unit, stripping instrumentation and ENTER_EXECUTOR */
+_Py_CODEUNIT
+_Py_GetBaseCodeUnit(PyCodeObject *code, int i)
 {
-    int opcode = _PyCode_CODE(code)[i].op.code;
+    _Py_CODEUNIT inst = _PyCode_CODE(code)[i];
+    int opcode = inst.op.code;
+    if (opcode < MIN_INSTRUMENTED_OPCODE) {
+        inst.op.code = _PyOpcode_Deopt[opcode];
+        assert(inst.op.code <= RESUME);
+        return inst;
+    }
+    if (opcode == ENTER_EXECUTOR) {
+        _PyExecutorObject *exec = code->co_executors->executors[inst.op.arg];
+        opcode = _PyOpcode_Deopt[exec->vm_data.opcode];
+        inst.op.code = opcode;
+        assert(opcode <= RESUME);
+        inst.op.arg = exec->vm_data.oparg;
+        assert(inst.op.code <= RESUME);
+        return inst;
+    }
     if (opcode == INSTRUMENTED_LINE) {
         opcode = code->_co_monitoring->lines[i].original_opcode;
     }
@@ -593,9 +609,13 @@ int _Py_GetBaseOpcode(PyCodeObject *code, int i)
     CHECK(opcode != INSTRUMENTED_LINE);
     int deinstrumented = DE_INSTRUMENT[opcode];
     if (deinstrumented) {
-        return deinstrumented;
+        inst.op.code = deinstrumented;
+    }
+    else {
+        inst.op.code = _PyOpcode_Deopt[opcode];
     }
-    return _PyOpcode_Deopt[opcode];
+    assert(inst.op.code < MIN_SPECIALIZED_OPCODE);
+    return inst;
 }
 
 static void
@@ -623,8 +643,8 @@ de_instrument(PyCodeObject *code, int i, int event)
     CHECK(_PyOpcode_Deopt[deinstrumented] == deinstrumented);
     FT_ATOMIC_STORE_UINT8_RELAXED(*opcode_ptr, deinstrumented);
     if (_PyOpcode_Caches[deinstrumented]) {
-        FT_ATOMIC_STORE_UINT16_RELAXED(instr[1].counter.as_counter,
-                                       adaptive_counter_warmup().as_counter);
+        FT_ATOMIC_STORE_UINT16_RELAXED(instr[1].counter.value_and_backoff,
+                                       adaptive_counter_warmup().value_and_backoff);
     }
 }
 
@@ -699,8 +719,8 @@ instrument(PyCodeObject *code, int i)
         assert(instrumented);
         FT_ATOMIC_STORE_UINT8_RELAXED(*opcode_ptr, instrumented);
         if (_PyOpcode_Caches[deopt]) {
-          FT_ATOMIC_STORE_UINT16_RELAXED(instr[1].counter.as_counter,
-                                         adaptive_counter_warmup().as_counter);
+            FT_ATOMIC_STORE_UINT16_RELAXED(instr[1].counter.value_and_backoff,
+                                           adaptive_counter_warmup().value_and_backoff);
             instr[1].counter = adaptive_counter_warmup();
         }
     }
@@ -756,7 +776,7 @@ remove_tools(PyCodeObject * code, int offset, int event, int tools)
     assert(event != PY_MONITORING_EVENT_LINE);
     assert(event != PY_MONITORING_EVENT_INSTRUCTION);
     assert(PY_MONITORING_IS_INSTRUMENTED_EVENT(event));
-    assert(opcode_has_event(_Py_GetBaseOpcode(code, offset)));
+    assert(opcode_has_event(_Py_GetBaseCodeUnit(code, offset).op.code));
     _PyCoMonitoringData *monitoring = code->_co_monitoring;
     if (monitoring && monitoring->tools) {
         monitoring->tools[offset] &= ~tools;
@@ -1344,7 +1364,6 @@ int
 _Py_call_instrumentation_instruction(PyThreadState *tstate, _PyInterpreterFrame* frame, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr)
 {
     PyCodeObject *code = _PyFrame_GetCode(frame);
-    assert(debug_check_sanity(tstate->interp, code));
     int offset = (int)(instr - _PyCode_CODE(code));
     _PyCoMonitoringData *instrumentation_data = code->_co_monitoring;
     assert(instrumentation_data->per_instruction_opcodes);
@@ -1352,6 +1371,7 @@ _Py_call_instrumentation_instruction(PyThreadState *tstate, _PyInterpreterFrame*
     if (tstate->tracing) {
         return next_opcode;
     }
+    assert(debug_check_sanity(tstate->interp, code));
     PyInterpreterState *interp = tstate->interp;
     uint8_t tools = instrumentation_data->per_instruction_tools != NULL ?
         instrumentation_data->per_instruction_tools[offset] :
@@ -1479,7 +1499,7 @@ initialize_lines(PyCodeObject *code)
     }
     int current_line = -1;
     for (int i = code->_co_firsttraceable; i < code_len; ) {
-        int opcode = _Py_GetBaseOpcode(code, i);
+        int opcode = _Py_GetBaseCodeUnit(code, i).op.code;
         int line = _PyCode_CheckLineNumber(i*(int)sizeof(_Py_CODEUNIT), &range);
         line_data[i].line_delta = compute_line_delta(code, i, line);
         int length = _PyInstruction_GetLength(code, i);
@@ -1522,14 +1542,16 @@ initialize_lines(PyCodeObject *code)
         i += length;
     }
     for (int i = code->_co_firsttraceable; i < code_len; ) {
-        int opcode = _Py_GetBaseOpcode(code, i);
+        _Py_CODEUNIT inst =_Py_GetBaseCodeUnit(code, i);
+        int opcode = inst.op.code;
         int oparg = 0;
         while (opcode == EXTENDED_ARG) {
-            oparg = (oparg << 8) | _PyCode_CODE(code)[i].op.arg;
+            oparg = (oparg << 8) | inst.op.arg;
             i++;
-            opcode = _Py_GetBaseOpcode(code, i);
+            inst =_Py_GetBaseCodeUnit(code, i);
+            opcode = inst.op.code;
         }
-        oparg = (oparg << 8) | _PyCode_CODE(code)[i].op.arg;
+        oparg = (oparg << 8) | inst.op.arg;
         i += _PyInstruction_GetLength(code, i);
         int target = -1;
         switch (opcode) {
@@ -1560,7 +1582,7 @@ initialize_lines(PyCodeObject *code)
         }
         assert(target >= 0);
         if (line_data[target].line_delta != NO_LINE) {
-            line_data[target].original_opcode = _Py_GetBaseOpcode(code, target);
+            line_data[target].original_opcode = _Py_GetBaseCodeUnit(code, target).op.code;
             if (line_data[target].line_delta == COMPUTED_LINE_LINENO_CHANGE) {
                 // If the line is a jump target, we are not sure if the line
                 // number changes, so we set it to COMPUTED_LINE.
@@ -1582,7 +1604,7 @@ initialize_lines(PyCodeObject *code)
         assert(handler >= 0 && handler < code_len);
         int depth_and_lasti;
         scan = parse_varint(scan, &depth_and_lasti);
-        int original_opcode = _Py_GetBaseOpcode(code, handler);
+        int original_opcode = _Py_GetBaseCodeUnit(code, handler).op.code;
         /* Skip if not the start of a line.
          * END_ASYNC_FOR is a bit special as it marks the end of
          * an `async for` loop, which should not generate its own
@@ -1638,6 +1660,16 @@ update_instrumentation_data(PyCodeObject *code, PyInterpreterState *interp)
     if (allocate_instrumentation_data(code)) {
         return -1;
     }
+    // If the local monitors are out of date, clear them up
+    _Py_LocalMonitors *local_monitors = &code->_co_monitoring->local_monitors;
+    for (int i = 0; i < PY_MONITORING_TOOL_IDS; i++) {
+        if (code->_co_monitoring->tool_versions[i] != interp->monitoring_tool_versions[i]) {
+            for (int j = 0; j < _PY_MONITORING_LOCAL_EVENTS; j++) {
+                local_monitors->tools[j] &= ~(1 << i);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     _Py_LocalMonitors all_events = local_union(
         interp->monitors,
         code->_co_monitoring->local_monitors);
@@ -1740,15 +1772,14 @@ force_instrument_lock_held(PyCodeObject *code, PyInterpreterState *interp)
     }
     /* Insert instrumentation */
     for (int i = code->_co_firsttraceable; i < code_len; i+= _PyInstruction_GetLength(code, i)) {
-        _Py_CODEUNIT *instr = &_PyCode_CODE(code)[i];
-        CHECK(instr->op.code != 0);
-        assert(instr->op.code != ENTER_EXECUTOR);
-        int base_opcode = _Py_GetBaseOpcode(code, i);
-        assert(base_opcode != ENTER_EXECUTOR);
+        assert(_PyCode_CODE(code)[i].op.code != ENTER_EXECUTOR);
+        _Py_CODEUNIT instr = _Py_GetBaseCodeUnit(code, i);
+        CHECK(instr.op.code != 0);
+        int base_opcode = instr.op.code;
         if (opcode_has_event(base_opcode)) {
             int8_t event;
             if (base_opcode == RESUME) {
-                event = instr->op.arg > 0;
+                event = instr.op.arg > 0;
             }
             else {
                 event = EVENT_FOR_OPCODE[base_opcode];
@@ -1781,7 +1812,7 @@ force_instrument_lock_held(PyCodeObject *code, PyInterpreterState *interp)
     }
     if (removed_per_instruction_tools) {
         for (int i = code->_co_firsttraceable; i < code_len;) {
-            int opcode = _Py_GetBaseOpcode(code, i);
+            int opcode = _Py_GetBaseCodeUnit(code, i).op.code;
             if (opcode == RESUME || opcode == END_FOR) {
                 i += _PyInstruction_GetLength(code, i);
                 continue;
@@ -1808,7 +1839,7 @@ force_instrument_lock_held(PyCodeObject *code, PyInterpreterState *interp)
     }
     if (new_per_instruction_tools) {
         for (int i = code->_co_firsttraceable; i < code_len;) {
-            int opcode = _Py_GetBaseOpcode(code, i);
+            int opcode = _Py_GetBaseCodeUnit(code, i).op.code;
             if (opcode == RESUME || opcode == END_FOR) {
                 i += _PyInstruction_GetLength(code, i);
                 continue;
@@ -1977,12 +2008,14 @@ _PyMonitoring_SetLocalEvents(PyCodeObject *code, int tool_id, _PyMonitoringEvent
     }
 
     int res;
-    LOCK_CODE(code);
+    _PyEval_StopTheWorld(interp);
     if (allocate_instrumentation_data(code)) {
         res = -1;
         goto done;
     }
 
+    code->_co_monitoring->tool_versions[tool_id] = interp->monitoring_tool_versions[tool_id];
+
     _Py_LocalMonitors *local = &code->_co_monitoring->local_monitors;
     uint32_t existing_events = get_local_events(local, tool_id);
     if (existing_events == events) {
@@ -1994,7 +2027,7 @@ _PyMonitoring_SetLocalEvents(PyCodeObject *code, int tool_id, _PyMonitoringEvent
     res = force_instrument_lock_held(code, interp);
 
 done:
-    UNLOCK_CODE();
+    _PyEval_StartTheWorld(interp);
     return res;
 }
 
@@ -2015,6 +2048,43 @@ _PyMonitoring_GetLocalEvents(PyCodeObject *code, int tool_id, _PyMonitoringEvent
     return 0;
 }
 
+int _PyMonitoring_ClearToolId(int tool_id)
+{
+    assert(0 <= tool_id && tool_id < PY_MONITORING_TOOL_IDS);
+    PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < _PY_MONITORING_EVENTS; i++) {
+        PyObject *func = _PyMonitoring_RegisterCallback(tool_id, i, NULL);
+        if (func != NULL) {
+            Py_DECREF(func);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (_PyMonitoring_SetEvents(tool_id, 0) < 0) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    _PyEval_StopTheWorld(interp);
+    uint32_t version = global_version(interp) + MONITORING_VERSION_INCREMENT;
+    if (version == 0) {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_OverflowError, "events set too many times");
+        _PyEval_StartTheWorld(interp);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    // monitoring_tool_versions[tool_id] is set to latest global version here to
+    //   1. invalidate local events on all existing code objects
+    //   2. be ready for the next call to set local events
+    interp->monitoring_tool_versions[tool_id] = version;
+
+    // Set the new global version so all the code objects can refresh the
+    // instrumentation.
+    set_global_version(_PyThreadState_GET(), version);
+    int res = instrument_all_executing_code_objects(interp);
+    _PyEval_StartTheWorld(interp);
+    return res;
+}
+
 /*[clinic input]
 module monitoring
 [clinic start generated code]*/
@@ -2062,6 +2132,33 @@ monitoring_use_tool_id_impl(PyObject *module, int tool_id, PyObject *name)
     Py_RETURN_NONE;
 }
 
+/*[clinic input]
+monitoring.clear_tool_id
+
+    tool_id: int
+    /
+
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+
+static PyObject *
+monitoring_clear_tool_id_impl(PyObject *module, int tool_id)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=04defc23470b1be7 input=af643d6648a66163]*/
+{
+    if (check_valid_tool(tool_id))  {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
+
+    if (interp->monitoring_tool_names[tool_id] != NULL) {
+        if (_PyMonitoring_ClearToolId(tool_id) < 0) {
+            return NULL;
+        }
+    }
+
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
+}
+
 /*[clinic input]
 monitoring.free_tool_id
 
@@ -2078,6 +2175,13 @@ monitoring_free_tool_id_impl(PyObject *module, int tool_id)
         return NULL;
     }
     PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
+
+    if (interp->monitoring_tool_names[tool_id] != NULL) {
+        if (_PyMonitoring_ClearToolId(tool_id) < 0) {
+            return NULL;
+        }
+    }
+
     Py_CLEAR(interp->monitoring_tool_names[tool_id]);
     Py_RETURN_NONE;
 }
@@ -2355,6 +2459,7 @@ monitoring__all_events_impl(PyObject *module)
 
 static PyMethodDef methods[] = {
     MONITORING_USE_TOOL_ID_METHODDEF
+    MONITORING_CLEAR_TOOL_ID_METHODDEF
     MONITORING_FREE_TOOL_ID_METHODDEF
     MONITORING_GET_TOOL_METHODDEF
     MONITORING_REGISTER_CALLBACK_METHODDEF
diff --git a/Python/jit.c b/Python/jit.c
index d0c0d24f4539e2..135daeb1b1da80 100644
--- a/Python/jit.c
+++ b/Python/jit.c
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include "Python.h"
 
 #include "pycore_abstract.h"
+#include "pycore_bitutils.h"
 #include "pycore_call.h"
 #include "pycore_ceval.h"
 #include "pycore_critical_section.h"
@@ -113,6 +114,21 @@ mark_executable(unsigned char *memory, size_t size)
 
 // JIT compiler stuff: /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
+#define SYMBOL_MASK_WORDS 4
+
+typedef uint32_t symbol_mask[SYMBOL_MASK_WORDS];
+
+typedef struct {
+    unsigned char *mem;
+    symbol_mask mask;
+    size_t size;
+} trampoline_state;
+
+typedef struct {
+    trampoline_state trampolines;
+    uintptr_t instruction_starts[UOP_MAX_TRACE_LENGTH];
+} jit_state;
+
 // Warning! AArch64 requires you to get your hands dirty. These are your gloves:
 
 // value[value_start : value_start + len]
@@ -390,66 +406,127 @@ patch_x86_64_32rx(unsigned char *location, uint64_t value)
     patch_32r(location, value);
 }
 
+void patch_aarch64_trampoline(unsigned char *location, int ordinal, jit_state *state);
+
 #include "jit_stencils.h"
 
+#if defined(__aarch64__) || defined(_M_ARM64)
+    #define TRAMPOLINE_SIZE 16
+#else
+    #define TRAMPOLINE_SIZE 0
+#endif
+
+// Generate and patch AArch64 trampolines. The symbols to jump to are stored
+// in the jit_stencils.h in the symbols_map.
+void
+patch_aarch64_trampoline(unsigned char *location, int ordinal, jit_state *state)
+{
+    // Masking is done modulo 32 as the mask is stored as an array of uint32_t
+    const uint32_t symbol_mask = 1 << (ordinal % 32);
+    const uint32_t trampoline_mask = state->trampolines.mask[ordinal / 32];
+    assert(symbol_mask & trampoline_mask);
+
+    // Count the number of set bits in the trampoline mask lower than ordinal,
+    // this gives the index into the array of trampolines.
+    int index = _Py_popcount32(trampoline_mask & (symbol_mask - 1));
+    for (int i = 0; i < ordinal / 32; i++) {
+        index += _Py_popcount32(state->trampolines.mask[i]);
+    }
+
+    uint32_t *p = (uint32_t*)(state->trampolines.mem + index * TRAMPOLINE_SIZE);
+    assert((size_t)(index + 1) * TRAMPOLINE_SIZE <= state->trampolines.size);
+
+    uint64_t value = (uintptr_t)symbols_map[ordinal];
+
+    /* Generate the trampoline
+       0: 58000048      ldr     x8, 8
+       4: d61f0100      br      x8
+       8: 00000000      // The next two words contain the 64-bit address to jump to.
+       c: 00000000
+    */
+    p[0] = 0x58000048;
+    p[1] = 0xD61F0100;
+    p[2] = value & 0xffffffff;
+    p[3] = value >> 32;
+
+    patch_aarch64_26r(location, (uintptr_t)p);
+}
+
+static void
+combine_symbol_mask(const symbol_mask src, symbol_mask dest)
+{
+    // Calculate the union of the trampolines required by each StencilGroup
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < SYMBOL_MASK_WORDS; i++) {
+        dest[i] |= src[i];
+    }
+}
+
 // Compiles executor in-place. Don't forget to call _PyJIT_Free later!
 int
 _PyJIT_Compile(_PyExecutorObject *executor, const _PyUOpInstruction trace[], size_t length)
 {
     const StencilGroup *group;
     // Loop once to find the total compiled size:
-    uintptr_t instruction_starts[UOP_MAX_TRACE_LENGTH];
     size_t code_size = 0;
     size_t data_size = 0;
+    jit_state state = {0};
     group = &trampoline;
     code_size += group->code_size;
     data_size += group->data_size;
+    combine_symbol_mask(group->trampoline_mask, state.trampolines.mask);
     for (size_t i = 0; i < length; i++) {
         const _PyUOpInstruction *instruction = &trace[i];
         group = &stencil_groups[instruction->opcode];
-        instruction_starts[i] = code_size;
+        state.instruction_starts[i] = code_size;
         code_size += group->code_size;
         data_size += group->data_size;
+        combine_symbol_mask(group->trampoline_mask, state.trampolines.mask);
     }
     group = &stencil_groups[_FATAL_ERROR];
     code_size += group->code_size;
     data_size += group->data_size;
+    combine_symbol_mask(group->trampoline_mask, state.trampolines.mask);
+    // Calculate the size of the trampolines required by the whole trace
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < Py_ARRAY_LENGTH(state.trampolines.mask); i++) {
+        state.trampolines.size += _Py_popcount32(state.trampolines.mask[i]) * TRAMPOLINE_SIZE;
+    }
     // Round up to the nearest page:
     size_t page_size = get_page_size();
     assert((page_size & (page_size - 1)) == 0);
-    size_t padding = page_size - ((code_size + data_size) & (page_size - 1));
-    size_t total_size = code_size + data_size + padding;
+    size_t padding = page_size - ((code_size + data_size + state.trampolines.size) & (page_size - 1));
+    size_t total_size = code_size + data_size + state.trampolines.size + padding;
     unsigned char *memory = jit_alloc(total_size);
     if (memory == NULL) {
         return -1;
     }
     // Update the offsets of each instruction:
     for (size_t i = 0; i < length; i++) {
-        instruction_starts[i] += (uintptr_t)memory;
+        state.instruction_starts[i] += (uintptr_t)memory;
     }
     // Loop again to emit the code:
     unsigned char *code = memory;
     unsigned char *data = memory + code_size;
+    state.trampolines.mem = memory + code_size + data_size;
     // Compile the trampoline, which handles converting between the native
     // calling convention and the calling convention used by jitted code
     // (which may be different for efficiency reasons). On platforms where
     // we don't change calling conventions, the trampoline is empty and
     // nothing is emitted here:
     group = &trampoline;
-    group->emit(code, data, executor, NULL, instruction_starts);
+    group->emit(code, data, executor, NULL, &state);
     code += group->code_size;
     data += group->data_size;
-    assert(trace[0].opcode == _START_EXECUTOR || trace[0].opcode == _COLD_EXIT);
+    assert(trace[0].opcode == _START_EXECUTOR);
     for (size_t i = 0; i < length; i++) {
         const _PyUOpInstruction *instruction = &trace[i];
         group = &stencil_groups[instruction->opcode];
-        group->emit(code, data, executor, instruction, instruction_starts);
+        group->emit(code, data, executor, instruction, &state);
         code += group->code_size;
         data += group->data_size;
     }
     // Protect against accidental buffer overrun into data:
     group = &stencil_groups[_FATAL_ERROR];
-    group->emit(code, data, executor, NULL, instruction_starts);
+    group->emit(code, data, executor, NULL, &state);
     code += group->code_size;
     data += group->data_size;
     assert(code == memory + code_size);
diff --git a/Python/legacy_tracing.c b/Python/legacy_tracing.c
index 74118030925e3e..45af275f1f6dce 100644
--- a/Python/legacy_tracing.c
+++ b/Python/legacy_tracing.c
@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@
  */
 
 #include "Python.h"
+#include "pycore_audit.h"         // _PySys_Audit()
 #include "pycore_ceval.h"         // export _PyEval_SetProfile()
 #include "pycore_object.h"
-#include "pycore_sysmodule.h"     // _PySys_Audit()
 
 #include "opcode.h"
 #include <stddef.h>
@@ -121,6 +121,19 @@ sys_profile_call_or_return(
         Py_DECREF(meth);
         return res;
     }
+    else if (Py_TYPE(callable) == &PyMethod_Type) {
+        // CALL instruction will grab the function from the method,
+        // so if the function is a C function, the return event will
+        // be emitted. However, CALL event happens before CALL
+        // instruction, so we need to handle this case here.
+        PyObject* func = PyMethod_GET_FUNCTION(callable);
+        if (func == NULL) {
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        if (PyCFunction_Check(func)) {
+            return call_profile_func(self, func);
+        }
+    }
     Py_RETURN_NONE;
 }
 
@@ -130,9 +143,8 @@ _PyEval_SetOpcodeTrace(
     bool enable
 ) {
     assert(frame != NULL);
-    assert(PyCode_Check(frame->f_frame->f_executable));
 
-    PyCodeObject *code = (PyCodeObject *)frame->f_frame->f_executable;
+    PyCodeObject *code = _PyFrame_GetCode(frame->f_frame);
     _PyMonitoringEventSet events = 0;
 
     if (_PyMonitoring_GetLocalEvents(code, PY_MONITORING_SYS_TRACE_ID, &events) < 0) {
@@ -605,7 +617,7 @@ _PyEval_SetTrace(PyThreadState *tstate, Py_tracefunc func, PyObject *arg)
             (1 << PY_MONITORING_EVENT_STOP_ITERATION);
 
         PyFrameObject* frame = PyEval_GetFrame();
-        if (frame->f_trace_opcodes) {
+        if (frame && frame->f_trace_opcodes) {
             int ret = _PyEval_SetOpcodeTrace(frame, true);
             if (ret != 0) {
                 return ret;
diff --git a/Python/lock.c b/Python/lock.c
index 555f4c25b9b214..554c51d7780322 100644
--- a/Python/lock.c
+++ b/Python/lock.c
@@ -47,18 +47,12 @@ _Py_yield(void)
 #endif
 }
 
-void
-_PyMutex_LockSlow(PyMutex *m)
-{
-    _PyMutex_LockTimed(m, -1, _PY_LOCK_DETACH);
-}
-
 PyLockStatus
 _PyMutex_LockTimed(PyMutex *m, PyTime_t timeout, _PyLockFlags flags)
 {
-    uint8_t v = _Py_atomic_load_uint8_relaxed(&m->v);
+    uint8_t v = _Py_atomic_load_uint8_relaxed(&m->_bits);
     if ((v & _Py_LOCKED) == 0) {
-        if (_Py_atomic_compare_exchange_uint8(&m->v, &v, v|_Py_LOCKED)) {
+        if (_Py_atomic_compare_exchange_uint8(&m->_bits, &v, v|_Py_LOCKED)) {
             return PY_LOCK_ACQUIRED;
         }
     }
@@ -83,7 +77,7 @@ _PyMutex_LockTimed(PyMutex *m, PyTime_t timeout, _PyLockFlags flags)
     for (;;) {
         if ((v & _Py_LOCKED) == 0) {
             // The lock is unlocked. Try to grab it.
-            if (_Py_atomic_compare_exchange_uint8(&m->v, &v, v|_Py_LOCKED)) {
+            if (_Py_atomic_compare_exchange_uint8(&m->_bits, &v, v|_Py_LOCKED)) {
                 return PY_LOCK_ACQUIRED;
             }
             continue;
@@ -104,17 +98,17 @@ _PyMutex_LockTimed(PyMutex *m, PyTime_t timeout, _PyLockFlags flags)
         if (!(v & _Py_HAS_PARKED)) {
             // We are the first waiter. Set the _Py_HAS_PARKED flag.
             newv = v | _Py_HAS_PARKED;
-            if (!_Py_atomic_compare_exchange_uint8(&m->v, &v, newv)) {
+            if (!_Py_atomic_compare_exchange_uint8(&m->_bits, &v, newv)) {
                 continue;
             }
         }
 
-        int ret = _PyParkingLot_Park(&m->v, &newv, sizeof(newv), timeout,
+        int ret = _PyParkingLot_Park(&m->_bits, &newv, sizeof(newv), timeout,
                                      &entry, (flags & _PY_LOCK_DETACH) != 0);
         if (ret == Py_PARK_OK) {
             if (entry.handed_off) {
                 // We own the lock now.
-                assert(_Py_atomic_load_uint8_relaxed(&m->v) & _Py_LOCKED);
+                assert(_Py_atomic_load_uint8_relaxed(&m->_bits) & _Py_LOCKED);
                 return PY_LOCK_ACQUIRED;
             }
         }
@@ -136,7 +130,7 @@ _PyMutex_LockTimed(PyMutex *m, PyTime_t timeout, _PyLockFlags flags)
             }
         }
 
-        v = _Py_atomic_load_uint8_relaxed(&m->v);
+        v = _Py_atomic_load_uint8_relaxed(&m->_bits);
     }
 }
 
@@ -158,13 +152,13 @@ mutex_unpark(PyMutex *m, struct mutex_entry *entry, int has_more_waiters)
             v |= _Py_HAS_PARKED;
         }
     }
-    _Py_atomic_store_uint8(&m->v, v);
+    _Py_atomic_store_uint8(&m->_bits, v);
 }
 
 int
 _PyMutex_TryUnlock(PyMutex *m)
 {
-    uint8_t v = _Py_atomic_load_uint8(&m->v);
+    uint8_t v = _Py_atomic_load_uint8(&m->_bits);
     for (;;) {
         if ((v & _Py_LOCKED) == 0) {
             // error: the mutex is not locked
@@ -172,24 +166,16 @@ _PyMutex_TryUnlock(PyMutex *m)
         }
         else if ((v & _Py_HAS_PARKED)) {
             // wake up a single thread
-            _PyParkingLot_Unpark(&m->v, (_Py_unpark_fn_t *)mutex_unpark, m);
+            _PyParkingLot_Unpark(&m->_bits, (_Py_unpark_fn_t *)mutex_unpark, m);
             return 0;
         }
-        else if (_Py_atomic_compare_exchange_uint8(&m->v, &v, _Py_UNLOCKED)) {
+        else if (_Py_atomic_compare_exchange_uint8(&m->_bits, &v, _Py_UNLOCKED)) {
             // fast-path: no waiters
             return 0;
         }
     }
 }
 
-void
-_PyMutex_UnlockSlow(PyMutex *m)
-{
-    if (_PyMutex_TryUnlock(m) < 0) {
-        Py_FatalError("unlocking mutex that is not locked");
-    }
-}
-
 // _PyRawMutex stores a linked list of `struct raw_mutex_entry`, one for each
 // thread waiting on the mutex, directly in the mutex itself.
 struct raw_mutex_entry {
@@ -391,21 +377,46 @@ _PyRecursiveMutex_Lock(_PyRecursiveMutex *m)
     assert(m->level == 0);
 }
 
+PyLockStatus
+_PyRecursiveMutex_LockTimed(_PyRecursiveMutex *m, PyTime_t timeout, _PyLockFlags flags)
+{
+    PyThread_ident_t thread = PyThread_get_thread_ident_ex();
+    if (recursive_mutex_is_owned_by(m, thread)) {
+        m->level++;
+        return PY_LOCK_ACQUIRED;
+    }
+    PyLockStatus s = _PyMutex_LockTimed(&m->mutex, timeout, flags);
+    if (s == PY_LOCK_ACQUIRED) {
+        _Py_atomic_store_ullong_relaxed(&m->thread, thread);
+        assert(m->level == 0);
+    }
+    return s;
+}
+
 void
 _PyRecursiveMutex_Unlock(_PyRecursiveMutex *m)
+{
+    if (_PyRecursiveMutex_TryUnlock(m) < 0) {
+        Py_FatalError("unlocking a recursive mutex that is not "
+                      "owned by the current thread");
+    }
+}
+
+int
+_PyRecursiveMutex_TryUnlock(_PyRecursiveMutex *m)
 {
     PyThread_ident_t thread = PyThread_get_thread_ident_ex();
     if (!recursive_mutex_is_owned_by(m, thread)) {
-        Py_FatalError("unlocking a recursive mutex that is not owned by the"
-                      " current thread");
+        return -1;
     }
     if (m->level > 0) {
         m->level--;
-        return;
+        return 0;
     }
     assert(m->level == 0);
     _Py_atomic_store_ullong_relaxed(&m->thread, 0);
     PyMutex_Unlock(&m->mutex);
+    return 0;
 }
 
 #define _Py_WRITE_LOCKED 1
@@ -528,6 +539,7 @@ void _PySeqLock_LockWrite(_PySeqLock *seqlock)
         }
         else if (_Py_atomic_compare_exchange_uint32(&seqlock->sequence, &prev, prev + 1)) {
             // We've locked the cache
+            _Py_atomic_fence_release();
             break;
         }
         else {
@@ -561,26 +573,45 @@ uint32_t _PySeqLock_BeginRead(_PySeqLock *seqlock)
     return sequence;
 }
 
-uint32_t _PySeqLock_EndRead(_PySeqLock *seqlock, uint32_t previous)
+int _PySeqLock_EndRead(_PySeqLock *seqlock, uint32_t previous)
 {
-    // Synchronize again and validate that the entry hasn't been updated
-    // while we were readying the values.
-     if (_Py_atomic_load_uint32_acquire(&seqlock->sequence) == previous) {
+    // gh-121368: We need an explicit acquire fence here to ensure that
+    // this load of the sequence number is not reordered before any loads
+    // within the read lock.
+    _Py_atomic_fence_acquire();
+
+    if (_Py_atomic_load_uint32_relaxed(&seqlock->sequence) == previous) {
         return 1;
-     }
+    }
 
-     _Py_yield();
-     return 0;
+    _Py_yield();
+    return 0;
 }
 
-uint32_t _PySeqLock_AfterFork(_PySeqLock *seqlock)
+int _PySeqLock_AfterFork(_PySeqLock *seqlock)
 {
     // Synchronize again and validate that the entry hasn't been updated
     // while we were readying the values.
-     if (SEQLOCK_IS_UPDATING(seqlock->sequence)) {
+    if (SEQLOCK_IS_UPDATING(seqlock->sequence)) {
         seqlock->sequence = 0;
         return 1;
-     }
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+#undef PyMutex_Lock
+void
+PyMutex_Lock(PyMutex *m)
+{
+    _PyMutex_LockTimed(m, -1, _PY_LOCK_DETACH);
+}
 
-     return 0;
+#undef PyMutex_Unlock
+void
+PyMutex_Unlock(PyMutex *m)
+{
+    if (_PyMutex_TryUnlock(m) < 0) {
+        Py_FatalError("unlocking mutex that is not locked");
+    }
 }
diff --git a/Python/marshal.c b/Python/marshal.c
index ca22d6d679a230..a280fbfd078f41 100644
--- a/Python/marshal.c
+++ b/Python/marshal.c
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 #include "pycore_long.h"             // _PyLong_DigitCount
 #include "pycore_setobject.h"        // _PySet_NextEntry()
 #include "marshal.h"                 // Py_MARSHAL_VERSION
+#include "pycore_pystate.h"          // _PyInterpreterState_GET()
 
 #ifdef __APPLE__
 #  include "TargetConditionals.h"
@@ -75,6 +76,7 @@ module marshal
 #define TYPE_UNKNOWN            '?'
 #define TYPE_SET                '<'
 #define TYPE_FROZENSET          '>'
+#define TYPE_SLICE              ':'
 #define FLAG_REF                '\x80' /* with a type, add obj to index */
 
 #define TYPE_ASCII              'a'
@@ -612,6 +614,13 @@ w_complex_object(PyObject *v, char flag, WFILE *p)
         w_pstring(view.buf, view.len, p);
         PyBuffer_Release(&view);
     }
+    else if (PySlice_Check(v)) {
+        PySliceObject *slice = (PySliceObject *)v;
+        W_TYPE(TYPE_SLICE, p);
+        w_object(slice->start, p);
+        w_object(slice->stop, p);
+        w_object(slice->step, p);
+    }
     else {
         W_TYPE(TYPE_UNKNOWN, p);
         p->error = WFERR_UNMARSHALLABLE;
@@ -1155,7 +1164,7 @@ r_object(RFILE *p)
 
     case TYPE_ASCII_INTERNED:
         is_interned = 1;
-        /* fall through */
+        _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
     case TYPE_ASCII:
         n = r_long(p);
         if (n < 0 || n > SIZE32_MAX) {
@@ -1169,7 +1178,7 @@ r_object(RFILE *p)
 
     case TYPE_SHORT_ASCII_INTERNED:
         is_interned = 1;
-        /* fall through */
+        _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
     case TYPE_SHORT_ASCII:
         n = r_byte(p);
         if (n == EOF) {
@@ -1184,8 +1193,12 @@ r_object(RFILE *p)
             v = PyUnicode_FromKindAndData(PyUnicode_1BYTE_KIND, ptr, n);
             if (v == NULL)
                 break;
-            if (is_interned)
-                PyUnicode_InternInPlace(&v);
+            if (is_interned) {
+                // marshal is meant to serialize .pyc files with code
+                // objects, and code-related strings are currently immortal.
+                PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
+                _PyUnicode_InternImmortal(interp, &v);
+            }
             retval = v;
             R_REF(retval);
             break;
@@ -1193,7 +1206,7 @@ r_object(RFILE *p)
 
     case TYPE_INTERNED:
         is_interned = 1;
-        /* fall through */
+        _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
     case TYPE_UNICODE:
         {
         const char *buffer;
@@ -1213,12 +1226,16 @@ r_object(RFILE *p)
             v = PyUnicode_DecodeUTF8(buffer, n, "surrogatepass");
         }
         else {
-            v = PyUnicode_New(0, 0);
+            v = Py_GetConstant(Py_CONSTANT_EMPTY_STR);
         }
         if (v == NULL)
             break;
-        if (is_interned)
-            PyUnicode_InternInPlace(&v);
+        if (is_interned) {
+            // marshal is meant to serialize .pyc files with code
+            // objects, and code-related strings are currently immortal.
+            PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
+            _PyUnicode_InternImmortal(interp, &v);
+        }
         retval = v;
         R_REF(retval);
         break;
@@ -1525,6 +1542,32 @@ r_object(RFILE *p)
         retval = Py_NewRef(v);
         break;
 
+    case TYPE_SLICE:
+    {
+        Py_ssize_t idx = r_ref_reserve(flag, p);
+        PyObject *stop = NULL;
+        PyObject *step = NULL;
+        PyObject *start = r_object(p);
+        if (start == NULL) {
+            goto cleanup;
+        }
+        stop = r_object(p);
+        if (stop == NULL) {
+            goto cleanup;
+        }
+        step = r_object(p);
+        if (step == NULL) {
+            goto cleanup;
+        }
+        retval = PySlice_New(start, stop, step);
+        r_ref_insert(retval, idx, flag, p);
+    cleanup:
+        Py_XDECREF(start);
+        Py_XDECREF(stop);
+        Py_XDECREF(step);
+        break;
+    }
+
     default:
         /* Bogus data got written, which isn't ideal.
            This will let you keep working and recover. */
@@ -1918,7 +1961,7 @@ machine architecture issues.\n\
 Not all Python object types are supported; in general, only objects\n\
 whose value is independent from a particular invocation of Python can be\n\
 written and read by this module. The following types are supported:\n\
-None, integers, floating point numbers, strings, bytes, bytearrays,\n\
+None, integers, floating-point numbers, strings, bytes, bytearrays,\n\
 tuples, lists, sets, dictionaries, and code objects, where it\n\
 should be understood that tuples, lists and dictionaries are only\n\
 supported as long as the values contained therein are themselves\n\
@@ -1929,7 +1972,7 @@ Variables:\n\
 \n\
 version -- indicates the format that the module uses. Version 0 is the\n\
     historical format, version 1 shares interned strings and version 2\n\
-    uses a binary format for floating point numbers.\n\
+    uses a binary format for floating-point numbers.\n\
     Version 3 shares common object references (New in version 3.4).\n\
 \n\
 Functions:\n\
diff --git a/Python/modsupport.c b/Python/modsupport.c
index e9abf304e6502c..0fb7783345c78e 100644
--- a/Python/modsupport.c
+++ b/Python/modsupport.c
@@ -306,6 +306,7 @@ do_mkvalue(const char **p_format, va_list *p_va)
             return PyLong_FromSsize_t(va_arg(*p_va, Py_ssize_t));
 #endif
             /* Fall through from 'n' to 'l' if Py_ssize_t is long */
+            _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
         case 'l':
             return PyLong_FromLong(va_arg(*p_va, long));
 
diff --git a/Python/object_stack.c b/Python/object_stack.c
index bd9696822c8a9d..bda3190f45e0ff 100644
--- a/Python/object_stack.c
+++ b/Python/object_stack.c
@@ -8,24 +8,11 @@
 extern _PyObjectStackChunk *_PyObjectStackChunk_New(void);
 extern void _PyObjectStackChunk_Free(_PyObjectStackChunk *);
 
-static struct _Py_object_stack_freelist *
-get_object_stack_freelist(void)
-{
-    struct _Py_object_freelists *freelists = _Py_object_freelists_GET();
-    return &freelists->object_stacks;
-}
-
 _PyObjectStackChunk *
 _PyObjectStackChunk_New(void)
 {
-    _PyObjectStackChunk *buf;
-    struct _Py_object_stack_freelist *obj_stack_freelist = get_object_stack_freelist();
-    if (obj_stack_freelist->numfree > 0) {
-        buf = obj_stack_freelist->items;
-        obj_stack_freelist->items = buf->prev;
-        obj_stack_freelist->numfree--;
-    }
-    else {
+    _PyObjectStackChunk *buf = _Py_FREELIST_POP_MEM(object_stack_chunks);
+    if (buf == NULL) {
         // NOTE: we use PyMem_RawMalloc() here because this is used by the GC
         // during mimalloc heap traversal. In that context, it is not safe to
         // allocate mimalloc memory, such as via PyMem_Malloc().
@@ -43,17 +30,7 @@ void
 _PyObjectStackChunk_Free(_PyObjectStackChunk *buf)
 {
     assert(buf->n == 0);
-    struct _Py_object_stack_freelist *obj_stack_freelist = get_object_stack_freelist();
-    if (obj_stack_freelist->numfree >= 0 &&
-        obj_stack_freelist->numfree < _PyObjectStackChunk_MAXFREELIST)
-    {
-        buf->prev = obj_stack_freelist->items;
-        obj_stack_freelist->items = buf;
-        obj_stack_freelist->numfree++;
-    }
-    else {
-        PyMem_RawFree(buf);
-    }
+    _Py_FREELIST_FREE(object_stack_chunks, buf, PyMem_RawFree);
 }
 
 void
@@ -87,22 +64,3 @@ _PyObjectStack_Merge(_PyObjectStack *dst, _PyObjectStack *src)
     dst->head = src->head;
     src->head = NULL;
 }
-
-void
-_PyObjectStackChunk_ClearFreeList(struct _Py_object_freelists *freelists, int is_finalization)
-{
-    if (!is_finalization) {
-        // Ignore requests to clear the free list during GC. We use object
-        // stacks during GC, so emptying the free-list is counterproductive.
-        return;
-    }
-
-    struct _Py_object_stack_freelist *freelist = &freelists->object_stacks;
-    while (freelist->numfree > 0) {
-        _PyObjectStackChunk *buf = freelist->items;
-        freelist->items = buf->prev;
-        freelist->numfree--;
-        PyMem_RawFree(buf);
-    }
-    freelist->numfree = -1;
-}
diff --git a/Python/opcode_targets.h b/Python/opcode_targets.h
index 322483fefecf91..3fc9d3118d59ad 100644
--- a/Python/opcode_targets.h
+++ b/Python/opcode_targets.h
@@ -1,10 +1,8 @@
 static void *opcode_targets[256] = {
     &&TARGET_CACHE,
-    &&TARGET_BEFORE_ASYNC_WITH,
-    &&TARGET_BEFORE_WITH,
-    &&TARGET_BINARY_OP_INPLACE_ADD_UNICODE,
     &&TARGET_BINARY_SLICE,
     &&TARGET_BINARY_SUBSCR,
+    &&TARGET_BINARY_OP_INPLACE_ADD_UNICODE,
     &&TARGET_CHECK_EG_MATCH,
     &&TARGET_CHECK_EXC_MATCH,
     &&TARGET_CLEANUP_THROW,
@@ -16,9 +14,9 @@ static void *opcode_targets[256] = {
     &&TARGET_FORMAT_SIMPLE,
     &&TARGET_FORMAT_WITH_SPEC,
     &&TARGET_GET_AITER,
-    &&TARGET_RESERVED,
     &&TARGET_GET_ANEXT,
     &&TARGET_GET_ITER,
+    &&TARGET_RESERVED,
     &&TARGET_GET_LEN,
     &&TARGET_GET_YIELD_FROM_ITER,
     &&TARGET_INTERPRETER_EXIT,
@@ -44,7 +42,6 @@ static void *opcode_targets[256] = {
     &&TARGET_UNARY_NOT,
     &&TARGET_WITH_EXCEPT_START,
     &&TARGET_BINARY_OP,
-    &&TARGET_BUILD_CONST_KEY_MAP,
     &&TARGET_BUILD_LIST,
     &&TARGET_BUILD_MAP,
     &&TARGET_BUILD_SET,
@@ -68,7 +65,6 @@ static void *opcode_targets[256] = {
     &&TARGET_DELETE_NAME,
     &&TARGET_DICT_MERGE,
     &&TARGET_DICT_UPDATE,
-    &&TARGET_ENTER_EXECUTOR,
     &&TARGET_EXTENDED_ARG,
     &&TARGET_FOR_ITER,
     &&TARGET_GET_AWAITABLE,
@@ -92,6 +88,7 @@ static void *opcode_targets[256] = {
     &&TARGET_LOAD_FROM_DICT_OR_GLOBALS,
     &&TARGET_LOAD_GLOBAL,
     &&TARGET_LOAD_NAME,
+    &&TARGET_LOAD_SPECIAL,
     &&TARGET_LOAD_SUPER_ATTR,
     &&TARGET_MAKE_CELL,
     &&TARGET_MAP_ADD,
@@ -148,6 +145,9 @@ static void *opcode_targets[256] = {
     &&_unknown_opcode,
     &&_unknown_opcode,
     &&_unknown_opcode,
+    &&_unknown_opcode,
+    &&_unknown_opcode,
+    &&_unknown_opcode,
     &&TARGET_RESUME,
     &&TARGET_BINARY_OP_ADD_FLOAT,
     &&TARGET_BINARY_OP_ADD_INT,
@@ -169,6 +169,9 @@ static void *opcode_targets[256] = {
     &&TARGET_CALL_BUILTIN_FAST_WITH_KEYWORDS,
     &&TARGET_CALL_BUILTIN_O,
     &&TARGET_CALL_ISINSTANCE,
+    &&TARGET_CALL_KW_BOUND_METHOD,
+    &&TARGET_CALL_KW_NON_PY,
+    &&TARGET_CALL_KW_PY,
     &&TARGET_CALL_LEN,
     &&TARGET_CALL_LIST_APPEND,
     &&TARGET_CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_FAST,
@@ -191,6 +194,7 @@ static void *opcode_targets[256] = {
     &&TARGET_FOR_ITER_RANGE,
     &&TARGET_FOR_ITER_TUPLE,
     &&TARGET_LOAD_ATTR_CLASS,
+    &&TARGET_LOAD_ATTR_CLASS_WITH_METACLASS_CHECK,
     &&TARGET_LOAD_ATTR_GETATTRIBUTE_OVERRIDDEN,
     &&TARGET_LOAD_ATTR_INSTANCE_VALUE,
     &&TARGET_LOAD_ATTR_METHOD_LAZY_DICT,
@@ -231,28 +235,24 @@ static void *opcode_targets[256] = {
     &&_unknown_opcode,
     &&_unknown_opcode,
     &&_unknown_opcode,
-    &&_unknown_opcode,
-    &&_unknown_opcode,
-    &&_unknown_opcode,
-    &&_unknown_opcode,
-    &&TARGET_INSTRUMENTED_RESUME,
     &&TARGET_INSTRUMENTED_END_FOR,
     &&TARGET_INSTRUMENTED_END_SEND,
-    &&TARGET_INSTRUMENTED_RETURN_VALUE,
-    &&TARGET_INSTRUMENTED_RETURN_CONST,
-    &&TARGET_INSTRUMENTED_YIELD_VALUE,
     &&TARGET_INSTRUMENTED_LOAD_SUPER_ATTR,
     &&TARGET_INSTRUMENTED_FOR_ITER,
-    &&TARGET_INSTRUMENTED_CALL,
     &&TARGET_INSTRUMENTED_CALL_KW,
     &&TARGET_INSTRUMENTED_CALL_FUNCTION_EX,
     &&TARGET_INSTRUMENTED_INSTRUCTION,
     &&TARGET_INSTRUMENTED_JUMP_FORWARD,
-    &&TARGET_INSTRUMENTED_JUMP_BACKWARD,
     &&TARGET_INSTRUMENTED_POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE,
     &&TARGET_INSTRUMENTED_POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE,
     &&TARGET_INSTRUMENTED_POP_JUMP_IF_NONE,
     &&TARGET_INSTRUMENTED_POP_JUMP_IF_NOT_NONE,
+    &&TARGET_INSTRUMENTED_RESUME,
+    &&TARGET_INSTRUMENTED_RETURN_VALUE,
+    &&TARGET_INSTRUMENTED_RETURN_CONST,
+    &&TARGET_INSTRUMENTED_YIELD_VALUE,
+    &&TARGET_INSTRUMENTED_CALL,
+    &&TARGET_INSTRUMENTED_JUMP_BACKWARD,
     &&TARGET_INSTRUMENTED_LINE,
-    &&_unknown_opcode,
+    &&TARGET_ENTER_EXECUTOR,
 };
diff --git a/Python/optimizer.c b/Python/optimizer.c
index 4dc3438b6c23a4..b876b6c2bd72fd 100644
--- a/Python/optimizer.c
+++ b/Python/optimizer.c
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@
 #include "pycore_pystate.h"       // _PyInterpreterState_GET()
 #include "pycore_uop_ids.h"
 #include "pycore_jit.h"
-#include "cpython/optimizer.h"
 #include <stdbool.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <stddef.h>
@@ -23,20 +22,6 @@
 
 #define MAX_EXECUTORS_SIZE 256
 
-#ifdef Py_DEBUG
-static int
-base_opcode(PyCodeObject *code, int offset)
-{
-    int opcode = _Py_GetBaseOpcode(code, offset);
-    if (opcode == ENTER_EXECUTOR) {
-        int oparg = _PyCode_CODE(code)[offset].op.arg;
-        _PyExecutorObject *ex = code->co_executors->executors[oparg];
-        return ex->vm_data.opcode;
-    }
-    return opcode;
-}
-#endif
-
 static bool
 has_space_for_executor(PyCodeObject *code, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr)
 {
@@ -105,18 +90,6 @@ insert_executor(PyCodeObject *code, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr, int index, _PyExecutorO
     instr->op.arg = index;
 }
 
-int
-PyUnstable_Replace_Executor(PyCodeObject *code, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr, _PyExecutorObject *new)
-{
-    if (instr->op.code != ENTER_EXECUTOR) {
-        PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError, "No executor to replace");
-        return -1;
-    }
-    int index = instr->op.arg;
-    assert(index >= 0);
-    insert_executor(code, instr, index, new);
-    return 0;
-}
 
 static int
 never_optimize(
@@ -124,7 +97,8 @@ never_optimize(
     _PyInterpreterFrame *frame,
     _Py_CODEUNIT *instr,
     _PyExecutorObject **exec,
-    int Py_UNUSED(stack_entries))
+    int Py_UNUSED(stack_entries),
+    bool Py_UNUSED(progress_needed))
 {
     // This may be called if the optimizer is reset
     return 0;
@@ -144,7 +118,7 @@ static _PyOptimizerObject _PyOptimizer_Default = {
 };
 
 _PyOptimizerObject *
-PyUnstable_GetOptimizer(void)
+_Py_GetOptimizer(void)
 {
     PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
     if (interp->optimizer == &_PyOptimizer_Default) {
@@ -157,18 +131,6 @@ PyUnstable_GetOptimizer(void)
 static _PyExecutorObject *
 make_executor_from_uops(_PyUOpInstruction *buffer, int length, const _PyBloomFilter *dependencies);
 
-static int
-init_cold_exit_executor(_PyExecutorObject *executor, int oparg);
-
-/* It is impossible for the number of exits to reach 1/4 of the total length,
- * as the number of exits cannot reach 1/3 of the number of non-exits, due to
- * the presence of CHECK_VALIDITY checks and instructions to produce the values
- * being checked in exits. */
-#define COLD_EXIT_COUNT (UOP_MAX_TRACE_LENGTH/4)
-
-static int cold_exits_initialized = 0;
-static _PyExecutorObject COLD_EXITS[COLD_EXIT_COUNT] = { 0 };
-
 static const _PyBloomFilter EMPTY_FILTER = { 0 };
 
 _PyOptimizerObject *
@@ -177,14 +139,6 @@ _Py_SetOptimizer(PyInterpreterState *interp, _PyOptimizerObject *optimizer)
     if (optimizer == NULL) {
         optimizer = &_PyOptimizer_Default;
     }
-    else if (cold_exits_initialized == 0) {
-        cold_exits_initialized = 1;
-        for (int i = 0; i < COLD_EXIT_COUNT; i++) {
-            if (init_cold_exit_executor(&COLD_EXITS[i], i)) {
-                return NULL;
-            }
-        }
-    }
     _PyOptimizerObject *old = interp->optimizer;
     if (old == NULL) {
         old = &_PyOptimizer_Default;
@@ -195,7 +149,7 @@ _Py_SetOptimizer(PyInterpreterState *interp, _PyOptimizerObject *optimizer)
 }
 
 int
-PyUnstable_SetOptimizer(_PyOptimizerObject *optimizer)
+_Py_SetTier2Optimizer(_PyOptimizerObject *optimizer)
 {
     PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
     _PyOptimizerObject *old = _Py_SetOptimizer(interp, optimizer);
@@ -209,38 +163,50 @@ PyUnstable_SetOptimizer(_PyOptimizerObject *optimizer)
 int
 _PyOptimizer_Optimize(
     _PyInterpreterFrame *frame, _Py_CODEUNIT *start,
-    PyObject **stack_pointer, _PyExecutorObject **executor_ptr)
+    _PyStackRef *stack_pointer, _PyExecutorObject **executor_ptr, int chain_depth)
 {
+    // The first executor in a chain and the MAX_CHAIN_DEPTH'th executor *must*
+    // make progress in order to avoid infinite loops or excessively-long
+    // side-exit chains. We can only insert the executor into the bytecode if
+    // this is true, since a deopt won't infinitely re-enter the executor:
+    chain_depth %= MAX_CHAIN_DEPTH;
+    bool progress_needed = chain_depth == 0;
     PyCodeObject *code = _PyFrame_GetCode(frame);
     assert(PyCode_Check(code));
     PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
-    if (!has_space_for_executor(code, start)) {
+    if (progress_needed && !has_space_for_executor(code, start)) {
         return 0;
     }
     _PyOptimizerObject *opt = interp->optimizer;
-    int err = opt->optimize(opt, frame, start, executor_ptr, (int)(stack_pointer - _PyFrame_Stackbase(frame)));
+    int err = opt->optimize(opt, frame, start, executor_ptr, (int)(stack_pointer - _PyFrame_Stackbase(frame)), progress_needed);
     if (err <= 0) {
         return err;
     }
     assert(*executor_ptr != NULL);
-    int index = get_index_for_executor(code, start);
-    if (index < 0) {
-        /* Out of memory. Don't raise and assume that the
-         * error will show up elsewhere.
-         *
-         * If an optimizer has already produced an executor,
-         * it might get confused by the executor disappearing,
-         * but there is not much we can do about that here. */
-        Py_DECREF(*executor_ptr);
-        return 0;
+    if (progress_needed) {
+        int index = get_index_for_executor(code, start);
+        if (index < 0) {
+            /* Out of memory. Don't raise and assume that the
+             * error will show up elsewhere.
+             *
+             * If an optimizer has already produced an executor,
+             * it might get confused by the executor disappearing,
+             * but there is not much we can do about that here. */
+            Py_DECREF(*executor_ptr);
+            return 0;
+        }
+        insert_executor(code, start, index, *executor_ptr);
+    }
+    else {
+        (*executor_ptr)->vm_data.code = NULL;
     }
-    insert_executor(code, start, index, *executor_ptr);
+    (*executor_ptr)->vm_data.chain_depth = chain_depth;
     assert((*executor_ptr)->vm_data.valid);
     return 1;
 }
 
 _PyExecutorObject *
-PyUnstable_GetExecutor(PyCodeObject *code, int offset)
+_Py_GetExecutor(PyCodeObject *code, int offset)
 {
     int code_len = (int)Py_SIZE(code);
     for (int i = 0 ; i < code_len;) {
@@ -330,12 +296,6 @@ _PyUOpPrint(const _PyUOpInstruction *uop)
                 uop->jump_target,
                 (uint64_t)uop->operand);
             break;
-        case UOP_FORMAT_EXIT:
-            printf(" (%d, exit_index=%d, operand=%#" PRIx64,
-                uop->oparg,
-                uop->exit_index,
-                (uint64_t)uop->operand);
-            break;
         default:
             printf(" (%d, Unknown format)", uop->oparg);
     }
@@ -537,13 +497,12 @@ add_to_trace(
 // Reserve space for N uops, plus 3 for _SET_IP, _CHECK_VALIDITY and _EXIT_TRACE
 #define RESERVE(needed) RESERVE_RAW((needed) + 3, _PyUOpName(opcode))
 
-// Trace stack operations (used by _PUSH_FRAME, _POP_FRAME)
+// Trace stack operations (used by _PUSH_FRAME, _RETURN_VALUE)
 #define TRACE_STACK_PUSH() \
     if (trace_stack_depth >= TRACE_STACK_SIZE) { \
         DPRINTF(2, "Trace stack overflow\n"); \
         OPT_STAT_INC(trace_stack_overflow); \
-        trace_length = 0; \
-        goto done; \
+        return 0; \
     } \
     assert(func == NULL || func->func_code == (PyObject *)code); \
     trace_stack[trace_stack_depth].func = func; \
@@ -570,11 +529,11 @@ translate_bytecode_to_trace(
     _Py_CODEUNIT *instr,
     _PyUOpInstruction *trace,
     int buffer_size,
-    _PyBloomFilter *dependencies)
+    _PyBloomFilter *dependencies, bool progress_needed)
 {
-    bool progress_needed = true;
+    bool first = true;
     PyCodeObject *code = _PyFrame_GetCode(frame);
-    PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)frame->f_funcobj;
+    PyFunctionObject *func = _PyFrame_GetFunction(frame);
     assert(PyFunction_Check(func));
     PyCodeObject *initial_code = code;
     _Py_BloomFilter_Add(dependencies, initial_code);
@@ -589,6 +548,7 @@ translate_bytecode_to_trace(
     } trace_stack[TRACE_STACK_SIZE];
     int trace_stack_depth = 0;
     int confidence = CONFIDENCE_RANGE;  // Adjusted by branch instructions
+    bool jump_seen = false;
 
 #ifdef Py_DEBUG
     char *python_lltrace = Py_GETENV("PYTHON_LLTRACE");
@@ -605,9 +565,9 @@ translate_bytecode_to_trace(
             code->co_firstlineno,
             2 * INSTR_IP(initial_instr, code));
     ADD_TO_TRACE(_START_EXECUTOR, 0, (uintptr_t)instr, INSTR_IP(instr, code));
+    ADD_TO_TRACE(_MAKE_WARM, 0, 0, 0);
     uint32_t target = 0;
 
-top:  // Jump here after _PUSH_FRAME or likely branches
     for (;;) {
         target = INSTR_IP(instr, code);
         // Need space for _DEOPT
@@ -616,16 +576,15 @@ translate_bytecode_to_trace(
         uint32_t opcode = instr->op.code;
         uint32_t oparg = instr->op.arg;
 
-        DPRINTF(2, "%d: %s(%d)\n", target, _PyOpcode_OpName[opcode], oparg);
-
-        if (opcode == ENTER_EXECUTOR) {
-            assert(oparg < 256);
-            _PyExecutorObject *executor = code->co_executors->executors[oparg];
-            opcode = executor->vm_data.opcode;
-            DPRINTF(2, "  * ENTER_EXECUTOR -> %s\n",  _PyOpcode_OpName[opcode]);
-            oparg = executor->vm_data.oparg;
+        if (!first && instr == initial_instr) {
+            // We have looped around to the start:
+            RESERVE(1);
+            ADD_TO_TRACE(_JUMP_TO_TOP, 0, 0, 0);
+            goto done;
         }
 
+        DPRINTF(2, "%d: %s(%d)\n", target, _PyOpcode_OpName[opcode], oparg);
+
         if (opcode == EXTENDED_ARG) {
             instr++;
             opcode = instr->op.code;
@@ -635,37 +594,42 @@ translate_bytecode_to_trace(
                 goto done;
             }
         }
+        if (opcode == ENTER_EXECUTOR) {
+            // We have a couple of options here. We *could* peek "underneath"
+            // this executor and continue tracing, which could give us a longer,
+            // more optimizeable trace (at the expense of lots of duplicated
+            // tier two code). Instead, we choose to just end here and stitch to
+            // the other trace, which allows a side-exit traces to rejoin the
+            // "main" trace periodically (and also helps protect us against
+            // pathological behavior where the amount of tier two code explodes
+            // for a medium-length, branchy code path). This seems to work
+            // better in practice, but in the future we could be smarter about
+            // what we do here:
+            goto done;
+        }
         assert(opcode != ENTER_EXECUTOR && opcode != EXTENDED_ARG);
         RESERVE_RAW(2, "_CHECK_VALIDITY_AND_SET_IP");
         ADD_TO_TRACE(_CHECK_VALIDITY_AND_SET_IP, 0, (uintptr_t)instr, target);
 
         /* Special case the first instruction,
          * so that we can guarantee forward progress */
-        if (progress_needed) {
-            progress_needed = false;
-            if (opcode == JUMP_BACKWARD || opcode == JUMP_BACKWARD_NO_INTERRUPT) {
-                instr += 1 + _PyOpcode_Caches[opcode] - (int32_t)oparg;
-                initial_instr = instr;
-                if (opcode == JUMP_BACKWARD) {
-                    ADD_TO_TRACE(_TIER2_RESUME_CHECK, 0, 0, target);
-                }
-                continue;
-            }
-            else {
-                if (OPCODE_HAS_EXIT(opcode) || OPCODE_HAS_DEOPT(opcode)) {
-                    opcode = _PyOpcode_Deopt[opcode];
-                }
-                assert(!OPCODE_HAS_EXIT(opcode));
-                assert(!OPCODE_HAS_DEOPT(opcode));
+        if (first && progress_needed) {
+            assert(first);
+            if (OPCODE_HAS_EXIT(opcode) || OPCODE_HAS_DEOPT(opcode)) {
+                opcode = _PyOpcode_Deopt[opcode];
             }
+            assert(!OPCODE_HAS_EXIT(opcode));
+            assert(!OPCODE_HAS_DEOPT(opcode));
         }
 
         if (OPCODE_HAS_EXIT(opcode)) {
-            // Make space for exit code
+            // Make space for side exit and final _EXIT_TRACE:
+            RESERVE_RAW(2, "_EXIT_TRACE");
             max_length--;
         }
         if (OPCODE_HAS_ERROR(opcode)) {
-            // Make space for error code
+            // Make space for error stub and final _EXIT_TRACE:
+            RESERVE_RAW(2, "_ERROR_POP_N");
             max_length--;
         }
         switch (opcode) {
@@ -679,14 +643,12 @@ translate_bytecode_to_trace(
                 int bitcount = _Py_popcount32(counter);
                 int jump_likely = bitcount > 8;
                 /* If bitcount is 8 (half the jumps were taken), adjust confidence by 50%.
-                   If it's 16 or 0 (all or none were taken), adjust by 10%
-                   (since the future is still somewhat uncertain).
                    For values in between, adjust proportionally. */
                 if (jump_likely) {
-                    confidence = confidence * (bitcount + 2) / 20;
+                    confidence = confidence * bitcount / 16;
                 }
                 else {
-                    confidence = confidence * (18 - bitcount) / 20;
+                    confidence = confidence * (16 - bitcount) / 16;
                 }
                 uint32_t uopcode = BRANCH_TO_GUARD[opcode - POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE][jump_likely];
                 DPRINTF(2, "%d: %s(%d): counter=%04x, bitcount=%d, likely=%d, confidence=%d, uopcode=%s\n",
@@ -711,19 +673,18 @@ translate_bytecode_to_trace(
             }
 
             case JUMP_BACKWARD:
+                ADD_TO_TRACE(_CHECK_PERIODIC, 0, 0, target);
+                _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
             case JUMP_BACKWARD_NO_INTERRUPT:
             {
-                _Py_CODEUNIT *target = instr + 1 + _PyOpcode_Caches[opcode] - (int)oparg;
-                if (target == initial_instr) {
-                    /* We have looped round to the start */
-                    RESERVE(1);
-                    ADD_TO_TRACE(_JUMP_TO_TOP, 0, 0, 0);
-                }
-                else {
+                instr += 1 + _PyOpcode_Caches[_PyOpcode_Deopt[opcode]] - (int)oparg;
+                if (jump_seen) {
                     OPT_STAT_INC(inner_loop);
                     DPRINTF(2, "JUMP_BACKWARD not to top ends trace\n");
+                    goto done;
                 }
-                goto done;
+                jump_seen = true;
+                goto top;
             }
 
             case JUMP_FORWARD:
@@ -748,10 +709,10 @@ translate_bytecode_to_trace(
                     int nuops = expansion->nuops;
                     RESERVE(nuops + 1); /* One extra for exit */
                     int16_t last_op = expansion->uops[nuops-1].uop;
-                    if (last_op == _POP_FRAME || last_op == _RETURN_GENERATOR || last_op == _YIELD_VALUE) {
+                    if (last_op == _RETURN_VALUE || last_op == _RETURN_GENERATOR || last_op == _YIELD_VALUE) {
                         // Check for trace stack underflow now:
                         // We can't bail e.g. in the middle of
-                        // LOAD_CONST + _POP_FRAME.
+                        // LOAD_CONST + _RETURN_VALUE.
                         if (trace_stack_depth == 0) {
                             DPRINTF(2, "Trace stack underflow\n");
                             OPT_STAT_INC(trace_stack_underflow);
@@ -795,9 +756,8 @@ translate_bytecode_to_trace(
                                 {
                                     uint32_t next_inst = target + 1 + INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_FOR_ITER + (oparg > 255);
                                     uint32_t jump_target = next_inst + oparg;
-                                    assert(base_opcode(code, jump_target) == END_FOR ||
-                                        base_opcode(code, jump_target) == INSTRUMENTED_END_FOR);
-                                    assert(base_opcode(code, jump_target+1) == POP_TOP);
+                                    assert(_Py_GetBaseCodeUnit(code, jump_target).op.code == END_FOR);
+                                    assert(_Py_GetBaseCodeUnit(code, jump_target+1).op.code == POP_TOP);
                                 }
 #endif
                                 break;
@@ -810,7 +770,7 @@ translate_bytecode_to_trace(
                                 Py_FatalError("garbled expansion");
                         }
 
-                        if (uop == _POP_FRAME || uop == _RETURN_GENERATOR || uop == _YIELD_VALUE) {
+                        if (uop == _RETURN_VALUE || uop == _RETURN_GENERATOR || uop == _YIELD_VALUE) {
                             TRACE_STACK_POP();
                             /* Set the operand to the function or code object returned to,
                              * to assist optimization passes. (See _PUSH_FRAME below.)
@@ -836,6 +796,17 @@ translate_bytecode_to_trace(
 
                         if (uop == _PUSH_FRAME) {
                             assert(i + 1 == nuops);
+                            if (opcode == FOR_ITER_GEN ||
+                                opcode == LOAD_ATTR_PROPERTY ||
+                                opcode == BINARY_SUBSCR_GETITEM ||
+                                opcode == SEND_GEN)
+                            {
+                                DPRINTF(2, "Bailing due to dynamic target\n");
+                                ADD_TO_TRACE(uop, oparg, 0, target);
+                                ADD_TO_TRACE(_DYNAMIC_EXIT, 0, 0, 0);
+                                goto done;
+                            }
+                            assert(_PyOpcode_Deopt[opcode] == CALL || _PyOpcode_Deopt[opcode] == CALL_KW);
                             int func_version_offset =
                                 offsetof(_PyCallCache, func_version)/sizeof(_Py_CODEUNIT)
                                 // Add one to account for the actual opcode/oparg pair:
@@ -867,12 +838,6 @@ translate_bytecode_to_trace(
                                     ADD_TO_TRACE(_EXIT_TRACE, 0, 0, 0);
                                     goto done;
                                 }
-                                if (opcode == FOR_ITER_GEN) {
-                                    DPRINTF(2, "Bailing due to dynamic target\n");
-                                    ADD_TO_TRACE(uop, oparg, 0, target);
-                                    ADD_TO_TRACE(_DYNAMIC_EXIT, 0, 0, 0);
-                                    goto done;
-                                }
                                 // Increment IP to the return address
                                 instr += _PyOpcode_Caches[_PyOpcode_Deopt[opcode]] + 1;
                                 TRACE_STACK_PUSH();
@@ -910,6 +875,15 @@ translate_bytecode_to_trace(
                             goto done;
                         }
 
+                        if (uop == _BINARY_OP_INPLACE_ADD_UNICODE) {
+                            assert(i + 1 == nuops);
+                            _Py_CODEUNIT *next_instr = instr + 1 + _PyOpcode_Caches[_PyOpcode_Deopt[opcode]];
+                            assert(next_instr->op.code == STORE_FAST);
+                            operand = next_instr->op.arg;
+                            // Skip the STORE_FAST:
+                            instr++;
+                        }
+
                         // All other instructions
                         ADD_TO_TRACE(uop, oparg, operand, target);
                     }
@@ -925,6 +899,14 @@ translate_bytecode_to_trace(
         instr++;
         // Add cache size for opcode
         instr += _PyOpcode_Caches[_PyOpcode_Deopt[opcode]];
+
+        if (opcode == CALL_LIST_APPEND) {
+            assert(instr->op.code == POP_TOP);
+            instr++;
+        }
+    top:
+        // Jump here after _PUSH_FRAME or likely branches.
+        first = false;
     }  // End for (;;)
 
 done:
@@ -932,19 +914,20 @@ translate_bytecode_to_trace(
         TRACE_STACK_POP();
     }
     assert(code == initial_code);
-    // Skip short traces like _SET_IP, LOAD_FAST, _SET_IP, _EXIT_TRACE
-    if (progress_needed || trace_length < 5) {
+    // Skip short traces where we can't even translate a single instruction:
+    if (first) {
         OPT_STAT_INC(trace_too_short);
         DPRINTF(2,
-                "No trace for %s (%s:%d) at byte offset %d (%s)\n",
+                "No trace for %s (%s:%d) at byte offset %d (no progress)\n",
                 PyUnicode_AsUTF8(code->co_qualname),
                 PyUnicode_AsUTF8(code->co_filename),
                 code->co_firstlineno,
-                2 * INSTR_IP(initial_instr, code),
-                progress_needed ? "no progress" : "too short");
+                2 * INSTR_IP(initial_instr, code));
         return 0;
     }
-    if (trace[trace_length-1].opcode != _JUMP_TO_TOP) {
+    if (!is_terminator(&trace[trace_length-1])) {
+        /* Allow space for _EXIT_TRACE */
+        max_length += 2;
         ADD_TO_TRACE(_EXIT_TRACE, 0, 0, target);
     }
     DPRINTF(1,
@@ -1059,6 +1042,11 @@ prepare_for_execution(_PyUOpInstruction *buffer, int length)
                 buffer[i].jump_target = 0;
             }
         }
+        if (opcode == _JUMP_TO_TOP) {
+            assert(buffer[0].opcode == _START_EXECUTOR);
+            buffer[i].format = UOP_FORMAT_JUMP;
+            buffer[i].jump_target = 1;
+        }
     }
     return next_spare;
 }
@@ -1102,7 +1090,7 @@ sanity_check(_PyExecutorObject *executor)
     }
     bool ended = false;
     uint32_t i = 0;
-    CHECK(executor->trace[0].opcode == _START_EXECUTOR || executor->trace[0].opcode == _COLD_EXIT);
+    CHECK(executor->trace[0].opcode == _START_EXECUTOR);
     for (; i < executor->code_size; i++) {
         const _PyUOpInstruction *inst = &executor->trace[i];
         uint16_t opcode = inst->opcode;
@@ -1112,22 +1100,15 @@ sanity_check(_PyExecutorObject *executor)
             case UOP_FORMAT_TARGET:
                 CHECK(target_unused(opcode));
                 break;
-            case UOP_FORMAT_EXIT:
-                CHECK(opcode == _EXIT_TRACE);
-                CHECK(inst->exit_index < executor->exit_count);
-                break;
             case UOP_FORMAT_JUMP:
                 CHECK(inst->jump_target < executor->code_size);
                 break;
-            case UOP_FORMAT_UNUSED:
-                CHECK(0);
-                break;
         }
         if (_PyUop_Flags[opcode] & HAS_ERROR_FLAG) {
             CHECK(inst->format == UOP_FORMAT_JUMP);
             CHECK(inst->error_target < executor->code_size);
         }
-        if (opcode == _JUMP_TO_TOP || opcode == _EXIT_TRACE || opcode == _COLD_EXIT) {
+        if (is_terminator(inst)) {
             ended = true;
             i++;
             break;
@@ -1141,9 +1122,6 @@ sanity_check(_PyExecutorObject *executor)
             opcode == _DEOPT ||
             opcode == _EXIT_TRACE ||
             opcode == _ERROR_POP_N);
-        if (opcode == _EXIT_TRACE) {
-            CHECK(inst->format == UOP_FORMAT_EXIT);
-        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -1165,9 +1143,8 @@ make_executor_from_uops(_PyUOpInstruction *buffer, int length, const _PyBloomFil
     }
 
     /* Initialize exits */
-    assert(exit_count < COLD_EXIT_COUNT);
     for (int i = 0; i < exit_count; i++) {
-        executor->exits[i].executor = &COLD_EXITS[i];
+        executor->exits[i].executor = NULL;
         executor->exits[i].temperature = initial_temperature_backoff_counter();
     }
     int next_exit = exit_count-1;
@@ -1180,14 +1157,15 @@ make_executor_from_uops(_PyUOpInstruction *buffer, int length, const _PyBloomFil
         *dest = buffer[i];
         assert(opcode != _POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE && opcode != _POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE);
         if (opcode == _EXIT_TRACE) {
-            executor->exits[next_exit].target = buffer[i].target;
-            dest->exit_index = next_exit;
-            dest->format = UOP_FORMAT_EXIT;
+            _PyExitData *exit = &executor->exits[next_exit];
+            exit->target = buffer[i].target;
+            dest->operand = (uint64_t)exit;
             next_exit--;
         }
         if (opcode == _DYNAMIC_EXIT) {
-            executor->exits[next_exit].target = 0;
-            dest->oparg = next_exit;
+            _PyExitData *exit = &executor->exits[next_exit];
+            exit->target = 0;
+            dest->operand = (uint64_t)exit;
             next_exit--;
         }
     }
@@ -1215,6 +1193,9 @@ make_executor_from_uops(_PyUOpInstruction *buffer, int length, const _PyBloomFil
     executor->jit_code = NULL;
     executor->jit_side_entry = NULL;
     executor->jit_size = 0;
+    // This is initialized to true so we can prevent the executor
+    // from being immediately detected as cold and invalidated.
+    executor->vm_data.warm = true;
     if (_PyJIT_Compile(executor, executor->trace, length)) {
         Py_DECREF(executor);
         return NULL;
@@ -1224,36 +1205,6 @@ make_executor_from_uops(_PyUOpInstruction *buffer, int length, const _PyBloomFil
     return executor;
 }
 
-static int
-init_cold_exit_executor(_PyExecutorObject *executor, int oparg)
-{
-    _Py_SetImmortalUntracked((PyObject *)executor);
-    Py_SET_TYPE(executor, &_PyUOpExecutor_Type);
-    executor->trace = (_PyUOpInstruction *)executor->exits;
-    executor->code_size = 1;
-    executor->exit_count = 0;
-    _PyUOpInstruction *inst = (_PyUOpInstruction *)&executor->trace[0];
-    inst->opcode = _COLD_EXIT;
-    inst->oparg = oparg;
-    executor->vm_data.valid = true;
-    executor->vm_data.linked = false;
-    for (int i = 0; i < _Py_BLOOM_FILTER_WORDS; i++) {
-        assert(executor->vm_data.bloom.bits[i] == 0);
-    }
-#ifdef Py_DEBUG
-    sanity_check(executor);
-#endif
-#ifdef _Py_JIT
-    executor->jit_code = NULL;
-    executor->jit_side_entry = NULL;
-    executor->jit_size = 0;
-    if (_PyJIT_Compile(executor, executor->trace, 1)) {
-        return -1;
-    }
-#endif
-    return 0;
-}
-
 #ifdef Py_STATS
 /* Returns the effective trace length.
  * Ignores NOPs and trailing exit and error handling.*/
@@ -1265,9 +1216,7 @@ int effective_trace_length(_PyUOpInstruction *buffer, int length)
         if (opcode == _NOP) {
             nop_count++;
         }
-        if (opcode == _EXIT_TRACE ||
-            opcode == _JUMP_TO_TOP ||
-            opcode == _COLD_EXIT) {
+        if (is_terminator(&buffer[i])) {
             return i+1-nop_count;
         }
     }
@@ -1282,13 +1231,14 @@ uop_optimize(
     _PyInterpreterFrame *frame,
     _Py_CODEUNIT *instr,
     _PyExecutorObject **exec_ptr,
-    int curr_stackentries)
+    int curr_stackentries,
+    bool progress_needed)
 {
     _PyBloomFilter dependencies;
     _Py_BloomFilter_Init(&dependencies);
     _PyUOpInstruction buffer[UOP_MAX_TRACE_LENGTH];
     OPT_STAT_INC(attempts);
-    int length = translate_bytecode_to_trace(frame, instr, buffer, UOP_MAX_TRACE_LENGTH, &dependencies);
+    int length = translate_bytecode_to_trace(frame, instr, buffer, UOP_MAX_TRACE_LENGTH, &dependencies, progress_needed);
     if (length <= 0) {
         // Error or nothing translated
         return length;
@@ -1316,7 +1266,7 @@ uop_optimize(
         else if (oparg < _PyUop_Replication[opcode]) {
             buffer[pc].opcode = opcode + oparg + 1;
         }
-        else if (opcode == _JUMP_TO_TOP || opcode == _EXIT_TRACE) {
+        else if (is_terminator(&buffer[pc])) {
             break;
         }
         assert(_PyOpcode_uop_name[buffer[pc].opcode]);
@@ -1349,7 +1299,7 @@ PyTypeObject _PyUOpOptimizer_Type = {
 };
 
 PyObject *
-PyUnstable_Optimizer_NewUOpOptimizer(void)
+_PyOptimizer_NewUOpOptimizer(void)
 {
     _PyOptimizerObject *opt = PyObject_New(_PyOptimizerObject, &_PyUOpOptimizer_Type);
     if (opt == NULL) {
@@ -1385,7 +1335,8 @@ counter_optimize(
     _PyInterpreterFrame *frame,
     _Py_CODEUNIT *instr,
     _PyExecutorObject **exec_ptr,
-    int Py_UNUSED(curr_stackentries)
+    int Py_UNUSED(curr_stackentries),
+    bool Py_UNUSED(progress_needed)
 )
 {
     PyCodeObject *code = _PyFrame_GetCode(frame);
@@ -1401,7 +1352,7 @@ counter_optimize(
     _Py_CODEUNIT *target = instr + 1 + _PyOpcode_Caches[JUMP_BACKWARD] - oparg;
     _PyUOpInstruction buffer[4] = {
         { .opcode = _START_EXECUTOR, .jump_target = 3, .format=UOP_FORMAT_JUMP },
-        { .opcode = _LOAD_CONST_INLINE_BORROW, .operand = (uintptr_t)self },
+        { .opcode = _LOAD_CONST_INLINE, .operand = (uintptr_t)self },
         { .opcode = _INTERNAL_INCREMENT_OPT_COUNTER },
         { .opcode = _EXIT_TRACE, .target = (uint32_t)(target - _PyCode_CODE(code)), .format=UOP_FORMAT_TARGET }
     };
@@ -1433,11 +1384,11 @@ PyTypeObject _PyCounterOptimizer_Type = {
     .tp_itemsize = 0,
     .tp_flags = Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_DISALLOW_INSTANTIATION,
     .tp_methods = counter_optimizer_methods,
-    .tp_dealloc = (destructor)PyObject_Del,
+    .tp_dealloc = (destructor)PyObject_Free,
 };
 
 PyObject *
-PyUnstable_Optimizer_NewCounter(void)
+_PyOptimizer_NewCounter(void)
 {
     _PyCounterOptimizerObject *opt = (_PyCounterOptimizerObject *)_PyObject_New(&_PyCounterOptimizer_Type);
     if (opt == NULL) {
@@ -1632,13 +1583,8 @@ executor_clear(_PyExecutorObject *executor)
      */
     Py_INCREF(executor);
     for (uint32_t i = 0; i < executor->exit_count; i++) {
-        const _PyExecutorObject *cold = &COLD_EXITS[i];
-        const _PyExecutorObject *side = executor->exits[i].executor;
         executor->exits[i].temperature = initial_unreachable_backoff_counter();
-        if (side != cold) {
-            executor->exits[i].executor = cold;
-            Py_DECREF(side);
-        }
+        Py_CLEAR(executor->exits[i].executor);
     }
     _Py_ExecutorDetach(executor);
     Py_DECREF(executor);
@@ -1663,42 +1609,36 @@ _Py_Executors_InvalidateDependency(PyInterpreterState *interp, void *obj, int is
     _Py_BloomFilter_Add(&obj_filter, obj);
     /* Walk the list of executors */
     /* TO DO -- Use a tree to avoid traversing as many objects */
-    bool no_memory = false;
     PyObject *invalidate = PyList_New(0);
     if (invalidate == NULL) {
-        PyErr_Clear();
-        no_memory = true;
+        goto error;
     }
     /* Clearing an executor can deallocate others, so we need to make a list of
      * executors to invalidate first */
     for (_PyExecutorObject *exec = interp->executor_list_head; exec != NULL;) {
         assert(exec->vm_data.valid);
         _PyExecutorObject *next = exec->vm_data.links.next;
-        if (bloom_filter_may_contain(&exec->vm_data.bloom, &obj_filter)) {
-            unlink_executor(exec);
-            if (no_memory) {
-                exec->vm_data.valid = 0;
-            } else {
-                if (PyList_Append(invalidate, (PyObject *)exec) < 0) {
-                    PyErr_Clear();
-                    no_memory = true;
-                    exec->vm_data.valid = 0;
-                }
-            }
-            if (is_invalidation) {
-                OPT_STAT_INC(executors_invalidated);
-            }
+        if (bloom_filter_may_contain(&exec->vm_data.bloom, &obj_filter) &&
+            PyList_Append(invalidate, (PyObject *)exec))
+        {
+            goto error;
         }
         exec = next;
     }
-    if (invalidate != NULL) {
-        for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < PyList_GET_SIZE(invalidate); i++) {
-            _PyExecutorObject *exec = (_PyExecutorObject *)PyList_GET_ITEM(invalidate, i);
-            executor_clear(exec);
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < PyList_GET_SIZE(invalidate); i++) {
+        _PyExecutorObject *exec = (_PyExecutorObject *)PyList_GET_ITEM(invalidate, i);
+        executor_clear(exec);
+        if (is_invalidation) {
+            OPT_STAT_INC(executors_invalidated);
         }
-        Py_DECREF(invalidate);
     }
+    Py_DECREF(invalidate);
     return;
+error:
+    PyErr_Clear();
+    Py_XDECREF(invalidate);
+    // If we're truly out of memory, wiping out everything is a fine fallback:
+    _Py_Executors_InvalidateAll(interp, is_invalidation);
 }
 
 /* Invalidate all executors */
@@ -1721,4 +1661,42 @@ _Py_Executors_InvalidateAll(PyInterpreterState *interp, int is_invalidation)
     }
 }
 
+void
+_Py_Executors_InvalidateCold(PyInterpreterState *interp)
+{
+    /* Walk the list of executors */
+    /* TO DO -- Use a tree to avoid traversing as many objects */
+    PyObject *invalidate = PyList_New(0);
+    if (invalidate == NULL) {
+        goto error;
+    }
+
+    /* Clearing an executor can deallocate others, so we need to make a list of
+     * executors to invalidate first */
+    for (_PyExecutorObject *exec = interp->executor_list_head; exec != NULL;) {
+        assert(exec->vm_data.valid);
+        _PyExecutorObject *next = exec->vm_data.links.next;
+
+        if (!exec->vm_data.warm && PyList_Append(invalidate, (PyObject *)exec) < 0) {
+            goto error;
+        }
+        else {
+            exec->vm_data.warm = false;
+        }
+
+        exec = next;
+    }
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < PyList_GET_SIZE(invalidate); i++) {
+        _PyExecutorObject *exec = (_PyExecutorObject *)PyList_GET_ITEM(invalidate, i);
+        executor_clear(exec);
+    }
+    Py_DECREF(invalidate);
+    return;
+error:
+    PyErr_Clear();
+    Py_XDECREF(invalidate);
+    // If we're truly out of memory, wiping out everything is a fine fallback
+    _Py_Executors_InvalidateAll(interp, 0);
+}
+
 #endif /* _Py_TIER2 */
diff --git a/Python/optimizer_analysis.c b/Python/optimizer_analysis.c
index e5d3793bd4d204..25166bc2dc5c02 100644
--- a/Python/optimizer_analysis.c
+++ b/Python/optimizer_analysis.c
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@
 #include "pycore_uop_metadata.h"
 #include "pycore_dict.h"
 #include "pycore_long.h"
-#include "cpython/optimizer.h"
 #include "pycore_optimizer.h"
 #include "pycore_object.h"
 #include "pycore_dict.h"
@@ -53,32 +52,25 @@
     #define DPRINTF(level, ...)
 #endif
 
-
-
-static inline bool
-op_is_end(uint32_t opcode)
-{
-    return opcode == _EXIT_TRACE || opcode == _JUMP_TO_TOP;
-}
-
 static int
 get_mutations(PyObject* dict) {
     assert(PyDict_CheckExact(dict));
     PyDictObject *d = (PyDictObject *)dict;
-    return (d->ma_version_tag >> DICT_MAX_WATCHERS) & ((1 << DICT_WATCHED_MUTATION_BITS)-1);
+    return (d->_ma_watcher_tag >> DICT_MAX_WATCHERS) & ((1 << DICT_WATCHED_MUTATION_BITS)-1);
 }
 
 static void
 increment_mutations(PyObject* dict) {
     assert(PyDict_CheckExact(dict));
     PyDictObject *d = (PyDictObject *)dict;
-    d->ma_version_tag += (1 << DICT_MAX_WATCHERS);
+    d->_ma_watcher_tag += (1 << DICT_MAX_WATCHERS);
 }
 
 /* The first two dict watcher IDs are reserved for CPython,
  * so we don't need to check that they haven't been used */
 #define BUILTINS_WATCHER_ID 0
 #define GLOBALS_WATCHER_ID  1
+#define TYPE_WATCHER_ID  0
 
 static int
 globals_watcher_callback(PyDict_WatchEvent event, PyObject* dict,
@@ -92,6 +84,14 @@ globals_watcher_callback(PyDict_WatchEvent event, PyObject* dict,
     return 0;
 }
 
+static int
+type_watcher_callback(PyTypeObject* type)
+{
+    _Py_Executors_InvalidateDependency(_PyInterpreterState_GET(), type, 1);
+    PyType_Unwatch(TYPE_WATCHER_ID, (PyObject *)type);
+    return 0;
+}
+
 static PyObject *
 convert_global_to_const(_PyUOpInstruction *inst, PyObject *obj)
 {
@@ -131,6 +131,26 @@ incorrect_keys(_PyUOpInstruction *inst, PyObject *obj)
     return 0;
 }
 
+static int
+check_next_uop(_PyUOpInstruction *buffer, int size, int pc, uint16_t expected)
+{
+    if (pc + 1 >= size) {
+        DPRINTF(1, "Cannot rewrite %s at pc %d: buffer too small\n",
+                _PyOpcode_uop_name[buffer[pc].opcode], pc);
+        return 0;
+    }
+    uint16_t next_opcode = buffer[pc + 1].opcode;
+    if (next_opcode != expected) {
+        DPRINTF(1,
+                "Cannot rewrite %s at pc %d: unexpected next opcode %s, "
+                "expected %s\n",
+                _PyOpcode_uop_name[buffer[pc].opcode], pc,
+                _PyOpcode_uop_name[next_opcode], _PyOpcode_uop_name[expected]);
+        return 0;
+    }
+    return 1;
+}
+
 /* Returns 1 if successfully optimized
  *         0 if the trace is not suitable for optimization (yet)
  *        -1 if there was an error. */
@@ -145,7 +165,7 @@ remove_globals(_PyInterpreterFrame *frame, _PyUOpInstruction *buffer,
         return 1;
     }
     PyObject *globals = frame->f_globals;
-    PyFunctionObject *function = (PyFunctionObject *)frame->f_funcobj;
+    PyFunctionObject *function = _PyFrame_GetFunction(frame);
     assert(PyFunction_Check(function));
     assert(function->func_builtins == builtins);
     assert(function->func_globals == globals);
@@ -167,11 +187,14 @@ remove_globals(_PyInterpreterFrame *frame, _PyUOpInstruction *buffer,
     if (interp->dict_state.watchers[GLOBALS_WATCHER_ID] == NULL) {
         interp->dict_state.watchers[GLOBALS_WATCHER_ID] = globals_watcher_callback;
     }
+    if (interp->type_watchers[TYPE_WATCHER_ID] == NULL) {
+        interp->type_watchers[TYPE_WATCHER_ID] = type_watcher_callback;
+    }
     for (int pc = 0; pc < buffer_size; pc++) {
         _PyUOpInstruction *inst = &buffer[pc];
         int opcode = inst->opcode;
         switch(opcode) {
-            case _GUARD_BUILTINS_VERSION:
+            case _GUARD_BUILTINS_VERSION_PUSH_KEYS:
                 if (incorrect_keys(inst, builtins)) {
                     OPT_STAT_INC(remove_globals_incorrect_keys);
                     return 0;
@@ -179,6 +202,10 @@ remove_globals(_PyInterpreterFrame *frame, _PyUOpInstruction *buffer,
                 if (interp->rare_events.builtin_dict >= _Py_MAX_ALLOWED_BUILTINS_MODIFICATIONS) {
                     continue;
                 }
+                if (!check_next_uop(buffer, buffer_size, pc,
+                                    _LOAD_GLOBAL_BUILTINS_FROM_KEYS)) {
+                    continue;
+                }
                 if ((builtins_watched & 1) == 0) {
                     PyDict_Watch(BUILTINS_WATCHER_ID, builtins);
                     builtins_watched |= 1;
@@ -191,8 +218,13 @@ remove_globals(_PyInterpreterFrame *frame, _PyUOpInstruction *buffer,
                     buffer[pc].operand = function_version;
                     function_checked |= 1;
                 }
+                // We're no longer pushing the builtins keys; rewrite the
+                // instruction that consumed the keys to load them from the
+                // frame.
+                buffer[pc + 1].opcode = _LOAD_GLOBAL_BUILTINS;
                 break;
             case _GUARD_GLOBALS_VERSION:
+            case _GUARD_GLOBALS_VERSION_PUSH_KEYS:
                 if (incorrect_keys(inst, globals)) {
                     OPT_STAT_INC(remove_globals_incorrect_keys);
                     return 0;
@@ -201,6 +233,11 @@ remove_globals(_PyInterpreterFrame *frame, _PyUOpInstruction *buffer,
                 if (watched_mutations >= _Py_MAX_ALLOWED_GLOBALS_MODIFICATIONS) {
                     continue;
                 }
+                if (opcode == _GUARD_GLOBALS_VERSION_PUSH_KEYS &&
+                    !check_next_uop(buffer, buffer_size, pc,
+                                    _LOAD_GLOBAL_MODULE_FROM_KEYS)) {
+                    continue;
+                }
                 if ((globals_watched & 1) == 0) {
                     PyDict_Watch(GLOBALS_WATCHER_ID, globals);
                     _Py_BloomFilter_Add(dependencies, globals);
@@ -214,6 +251,12 @@ remove_globals(_PyInterpreterFrame *frame, _PyUOpInstruction *buffer,
                     buffer[pc].operand = function_version;
                     function_checked |= 1;
                 }
+                if (opcode == _GUARD_GLOBALS_VERSION_PUSH_KEYS) {
+                    // We're no longer pushing the globals keys; rewrite the
+                    // instruction that consumed the keys to load them from the
+                    // frame.
+                    buffer[pc + 1].opcode = _LOAD_GLOBAL_MODULE;
+                }
                 break;
             case _LOAD_GLOBAL_BUILTINS:
                 if (function_checked & globals_watched & builtins_watched & 1) {
@@ -253,7 +296,7 @@ remove_globals(_PyInterpreterFrame *frame, _PyUOpInstruction *buffer,
                 }
                 break;
             }
-            case _POP_FRAME:
+            case _RETURN_VALUE:
             {
                 builtins_watched >>= 1;
                 globals_watched >>= 1;
@@ -277,7 +320,7 @@ remove_globals(_PyInterpreterFrame *frame, _PyUOpInstruction *buffer,
                 prechecked_function_version = (uint32_t)buffer[pc].operand;
                 break;
             default:
-                if (op_is_end(opcode)) {
+                if (is_terminator(inst)) {
                     return 1;
                 }
                 break;
@@ -289,6 +332,11 @@ remove_globals(_PyInterpreterFrame *frame, _PyUOpInstruction *buffer,
 
 
 #define STACK_LEVEL()     ((int)(stack_pointer - ctx->frame->stack))
+#define STACK_SIZE()      ((int)(ctx->frame->stack_len))
+
+#define WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS() \
+    (STACK_LEVEL() >= 0 && STACK_LEVEL() <= STACK_SIZE())
+
 
 #define GETLOCAL(idx)          ((ctx->frame->locals[idx]))
 
@@ -310,9 +358,11 @@ remove_globals(_PyInterpreterFrame *frame, _PyUOpInstruction *buffer,
 #define sym_has_type _Py_uop_sym_has_type
 #define sym_get_type _Py_uop_sym_get_type
 #define sym_matches_type _Py_uop_sym_matches_type
+#define sym_matches_type_version _Py_uop_sym_matches_type_version
 #define sym_set_null(SYM) _Py_uop_sym_set_null(ctx, SYM)
 #define sym_set_non_null(SYM) _Py_uop_sym_set_non_null(ctx, SYM)
 #define sym_set_type(SYM, TYPE) _Py_uop_sym_set_type(ctx, SYM, TYPE)
+#define sym_set_type_version(SYM, VERSION) _Py_uop_sym_set_type_version(ctx, SYM, VERSION)
 #define sym_set_const(SYM, CNST) _Py_uop_sym_set_const(ctx, SYM, CNST)
 #define sym_is_bottom _Py_uop_sym_is_bottom
 #define sym_truthiness _Py_uop_sym_truthiness
@@ -351,13 +401,13 @@ eliminate_pop_guard(_PyUOpInstruction *this_instr, bool exit)
     }
 }
 
-/* _PUSH_FRAME/_POP_FRAME's operand can be 0, a PyFunctionObject *, or a
+/* _PUSH_FRAME/_RETURN_VALUE's operand can be 0, a PyFunctionObject *, or a
  * PyCodeObject *. Retrieve the code object if possible.
  */
 static PyCodeObject *
 get_code(_PyUOpInstruction *op)
 {
-    assert(op->opcode == _PUSH_FRAME || op->opcode == _POP_FRAME || op->opcode == _RETURN_GENERATOR);
+    assert(op->opcode == _PUSH_FRAME || op->opcode == _RETURN_VALUE || op->opcode == _RETURN_GENERATOR);
     PyCodeObject *co = NULL;
     uint64_t operand = op->operand;
     if (operand == 0) {
@@ -375,6 +425,30 @@ get_code(_PyUOpInstruction *op)
     return co;
 }
 
+static PyCodeObject *
+get_code_with_logging(_PyUOpInstruction *op)
+{
+    PyCodeObject *co = NULL;
+    uint64_t push_operand = op->operand;
+    if (push_operand & 1) {
+        co = (PyCodeObject *)(push_operand & ~1);
+        DPRINTF(3, "code=%p ", co);
+        assert(PyCode_Check(co));
+    }
+    else {
+        PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)push_operand;
+        DPRINTF(3, "func=%p ", func);
+        if (func == NULL) {
+            DPRINTF(3, "\n");
+            DPRINTF(1, "Missing function\n");
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        co = (PyCodeObject *)func->func_code;
+        DPRINTF(3, "code=%p ", co);
+    }
+    return co;
+}
+
 /* 1 for success, 0 for not ready, cannot error at the moment. */
 static int
 optimize_uops(
@@ -395,7 +469,7 @@ optimize_uops(
     _PyUOpInstruction *corresponding_check_stack = NULL;
 
     _Py_uop_abstractcontext_init(ctx);
-    _Py_UOpsAbstractFrame *frame = _Py_uop_frame_new(ctx, co, ctx->n_consumed, 0, curr_stacklen);
+    _Py_UOpsAbstractFrame *frame = _Py_uop_frame_new(ctx, co, curr_stacklen, NULL, 0);
     if (frame == NULL) {
         return -1;
     }
@@ -534,6 +608,7 @@ remove_unneeded_uops(_PyUOpInstruction *buffer, int buffer_size)
             }
             case _JUMP_TO_TOP:
             case _EXIT_TRACE:
+            case _DYNAMIC_EXIT:
                 return pc + 1;
             default:
             {
diff --git a/Python/optimizer_bytecodes.c b/Python/optimizer_bytecodes.c
index a2cb4c0b2c5192..d71b55cbe1c68d 100644
--- a/Python/optimizer_bytecodes.c
+++ b/Python/optimizer_bytecodes.c
@@ -21,11 +21,13 @@ typedef struct _Py_UOpsAbstractFrame _Py_UOpsAbstractFrame;
 #define sym_new_const _Py_uop_sym_new_const
 #define sym_new_null _Py_uop_sym_new_null
 #define sym_matches_type _Py_uop_sym_matches_type
+#define sym_matches_type_version _Py_uop_sym_matches_type_version
 #define sym_get_type _Py_uop_sym_get_type
 #define sym_has_type _Py_uop_sym_has_type
 #define sym_set_null(SYM) _Py_uop_sym_set_null(ctx, SYM)
 #define sym_set_non_null(SYM) _Py_uop_sym_set_non_null(ctx, SYM)
 #define sym_set_type(SYM, TYPE) _Py_uop_sym_set_type(ctx, SYM, TYPE)
+#define sym_set_type_version(SYM, VERSION) _Py_uop_sym_set_type_version(ctx, SYM, VERSION)
 #define sym_set_const(SYM, CNST) _Py_uop_sym_set_const(ctx, SYM, CNST)
 #define sym_is_bottom _Py_uop_sym_is_bottom
 #define frame_new _Py_uop_frame_new
@@ -113,6 +115,29 @@ dummy_func(void) {
         sym_set_type(right, &PyLong_Type);
     }
 
+    op(_GUARD_TYPE_VERSION, (type_version/2, owner -- owner)) {
+        assert(type_version);
+        if (sym_matches_type_version(owner, type_version)) {
+            REPLACE_OP(this_instr, _NOP, 0, 0);
+        } else {
+            // add watcher so that whenever the type changes we invalidate this
+            PyTypeObject *type = _PyType_LookupByVersion(type_version);
+            // if the type is null, it was not found in the cache (there was a conflict)
+            // with the key, in which case we can't trust the version
+            if (type) {
+                // if the type version was set properly, then add a watcher
+                // if it wasn't this means that the type version was previously set to something else
+                // and we set the owner to bottom, so we don't need to add a watcher because we must have
+                // already added one earlier.
+                if (sym_set_type_version(owner, type_version)) {
+                    PyType_Watch(TYPE_WATCHER_ID, (PyObject *)type);
+                    _Py_BloomFilter_Add(dependencies, type);
+                }
+            }
+
+        }
+    }
+
     op(_GUARD_BOTH_FLOAT, (left, right -- left, right)) {
         if (sym_matches_type(left, &PyFloat_Type)) {
             if (sym_matches_type(right, &PyFloat_Type)) {
@@ -157,7 +182,9 @@ dummy_func(void) {
                 res = sym_new_type(ctx, &PyFloat_Type);
             }
         }
-        res = sym_new_unknown(ctx);
+        else {
+            res = sym_new_unknown(ctx);
+        }
     }
 
     op(_BINARY_OP_ADD_INT, (left, right -- res)) {
@@ -304,6 +331,13 @@ dummy_func(void) {
         }
     }
 
+    op(_BINARY_SUBSCR_INIT_CALL, (container, sub -- new_frame: _Py_UOpsAbstractFrame *)) {
+        (void)container;
+        (void)sub;
+        new_frame = NULL;
+        ctx->done = true;
+    }
+
     op(_TO_BOOL, (value -- res)) {
         if (!optimize_to_bool(this_instr, ctx, value, &res)) {
             res = sym_new_type(ctx, &PyBool_Type);
@@ -416,14 +450,16 @@ dummy_func(void) {
         top = bottom;
     }
 
-    op(_SWAP, (bottom, unused[oparg-2], top --
-        top, unused[oparg-2], bottom)) {
+    op(_SWAP, (bottom_in, unused[oparg-2], top_in --
+        top_out, unused[oparg-2], bottom_out)) {
+        bottom_out = bottom_in;
+        top_out = top_in;
     }
 
-    op(_LOAD_ATTR_INSTANCE_VALUE, (index/1, owner -- attr, null if (oparg & 1))) {
+    op(_LOAD_ATTR_INSTANCE_VALUE, (offset/1, owner -- attr, null if (oparg & 1))) {
         attr = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
         null = sym_new_null(ctx);
-        (void)index;
+        (void)offset;
         (void)owner;
     }
 
@@ -447,9 +483,7 @@ dummy_func(void) {
     op(_LOAD_ATTR, (owner -- attr, self_or_null if (oparg & 1))) {
         (void)owner;
         attr = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
-        if (oparg & 1) {
-            self_or_null = sym_new_unknown(ctx);
-        }
+        self_or_null = sym_new_unknown(ctx);
     }
 
     op(_LOAD_ATTR_MODULE, (index/1, owner -- attr, null if (oparg & 1))) {
@@ -513,6 +547,13 @@ dummy_func(void) {
         self = owner;
     }
 
+    op(_LOAD_ATTR_PROPERTY_FRAME, (fget/4, owner -- new_frame: _Py_UOpsAbstractFrame *)) {
+        (void)fget;
+        (void)owner;
+        new_frame = NULL;
+        ctx->done = true;
+    }
+
     op(_INIT_CALL_BOUND_METHOD_EXACT_ARGS, (callable, unused, unused[oparg] -- func, self, unused[oparg])) {
         (void)callable;
         func = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
@@ -531,30 +572,17 @@ dummy_func(void) {
 
     op(_INIT_CALL_PY_EXACT_ARGS, (callable, self_or_null, args[oparg] -- new_frame: _Py_UOpsAbstractFrame *)) {
         int argcount = oparg;
-
         (void)callable;
 
         PyCodeObject *co = NULL;
         assert((this_instr + 2)->opcode == _PUSH_FRAME);
-        uint64_t push_operand = (this_instr + 2)->operand;
-        if (push_operand & 1) {
-            co = (PyCodeObject *)(push_operand & ~1);
-            DPRINTF(3, "code=%p ", co);
-            assert(PyCode_Check(co));
-        }
-        else {
-            PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)push_operand;
-            DPRINTF(3, "func=%p ", func);
-            if (func == NULL) {
-                DPRINTF(3, "\n");
-                DPRINTF(1, "Missing function\n");
-                ctx->done = true;
-                break;
-            }
-            co = (PyCodeObject *)func->func_code;
-            DPRINTF(3, "code=%p ", co);
+        co = get_code_with_logging((this_instr + 2));
+        if (co == NULL) {
+            ctx->done = true;
+            break;
         }
 
+
         assert(self_or_null != NULL);
         assert(args != NULL);
         if (sym_is_not_null(self_or_null)) {
@@ -563,34 +591,67 @@ dummy_func(void) {
             argcount++;
         }
 
-        _Py_UopsSymbol **localsplus_start = ctx->n_consumed;
-        int n_locals_already_filled = 0;
-        // Can determine statically, so we interleave the new locals
-        // and make the current stack the new locals.
-        // This also sets up for true call inlining.
         if (sym_is_null(self_or_null) || sym_is_not_null(self_or_null)) {
-            localsplus_start = args;
-            n_locals_already_filled = argcount;
+            new_frame = frame_new(ctx, co, 0, args, argcount);
+        } else {
+            new_frame = frame_new(ctx, co, 0, NULL, 0);
+
         }
-        new_frame = frame_new(ctx, co, localsplus_start, n_locals_already_filled, 0);
+    }
+
+    op(_MAYBE_EXPAND_METHOD, (callable, self_or_null, args[oparg] -- func, maybe_self, args[oparg])) {
+        (void)callable;
+        (void)self_or_null;
+        (void)args;
+        func = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
+        maybe_self = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
     }
 
     op(_PY_FRAME_GENERAL, (callable, self_or_null, args[oparg] -- new_frame: _Py_UOpsAbstractFrame *)) {
-        /* The _Py_UOpsAbstractFrame design assumes that we can copy arguments across directly */
+        (void)(self_or_null);
+        (void)(callable);
+        PyCodeObject *co = NULL;
+        assert((this_instr + 2)->opcode == _PUSH_FRAME);
+        co = get_code_with_logging((this_instr + 2));
+        if (co == NULL) {
+            ctx->done = true;
+            break;
+        }
+
+        new_frame = frame_new(ctx, co, 0, NULL, 0);
+    }
+
+    op(_PY_FRAME_KW, (callable, self_or_null, args[oparg], kwnames -- new_frame: _Py_UOpsAbstractFrame *)) {
         (void)callable;
         (void)self_or_null;
         (void)args;
-        first_valid_check_stack = NULL;
+        (void)kwnames;
         new_frame = NULL;
         ctx->done = true;
     }
 
-    op(_POP_FRAME, (retval -- res)) {
-        SYNC_SP();
+    op(_CHECK_AND_ALLOCATE_OBJECT, (type_version/2, callable, null, args[oparg] -- self, init, args[oparg])) {
+        (void)type_version;
+        (void)callable;
+        (void)null;
+        (void)args;
+        self = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
+        init = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
+    }
+
+    op(_CREATE_INIT_FRAME, (self, init, args[oparg] -- init_frame: _Py_UOpsAbstractFrame *)) {
+        (void)self;
+        (void)init;
+        (void)args;
+        init_frame = NULL;
+        ctx->done = true;
+    }
+
+    op(_RETURN_VALUE, (retval -- res)) {
+        SAVE_STACK();
         ctx->frame->stack_pointer = stack_pointer;
         frame_pop(ctx);
         stack_pointer = ctx->frame->stack_pointer;
-        res = retval;
 
         /* Stack space handling */
         assert(corresponding_check_stack == NULL);
@@ -605,6 +666,8 @@ dummy_func(void) {
             // might be impossible, but bailing is still safe
             ctx->done = true;
         }
+        RELOAD_STACK();
+        res = retval;
     }
 
     op(_RETURN_GENERATOR, ( -- res)) {
@@ -638,6 +701,11 @@ dummy_func(void) {
         ctx->done = true;
     }
 
+    op(_SEND_GEN_FRAME, ( -- )) {
+        // We are about to hit the end of the trace:
+        ctx->done = true;
+    }
+
     op(_CHECK_STACK_SPACE, ( --)) {
         assert(corresponding_check_stack == NULL);
         corresponding_check_stack = this_instr;
@@ -753,14 +821,30 @@ dummy_func(void) {
         }
     }
 
+    op(_LOAD_SPECIAL, (owner -- attr, self_or_null)) {
+        (void)owner;
+        attr = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
+        self_or_null = sym_new_unknown(ctx);
+    }
+
     op(_JUMP_TO_TOP, (--)) {
         ctx->done = true;
     }
 
-    op(_EXIT_TRACE, (--)) {
+    op(_EXIT_TRACE, (exit_p/4 --)) {
+        (void)exit_p;
         ctx->done = true;
     }
 
+    op(_GUARD_GLOBALS_VERSION_PUSH_KEYS, (version/1 -- globals_keys)) {
+        globals_keys = sym_new_unknown(ctx);
+        (void)version;
+    }
+
+    op(_GUARD_BUILTINS_VERSION_PUSH_KEYS, (version/1 -- builtins_keys)) {
+        builtins_keys = sym_new_unknown(ctx);
+        (void)version;
+    }
 
 // END BYTECODES //
 
diff --git a/Python/optimizer_cases.c.h b/Python/optimizer_cases.c.h
index b3787345ec6714..6ec9e69d1dbc44 100644
--- a/Python/optimizer_cases.c.h
+++ b/Python/optimizer_cases.c.h
@@ -7,11 +7,21 @@
             break;
         }
 
+        case _CHECK_PERIODIC: {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        case _CHECK_PERIODIC_IF_NOT_YIELD_FROM: {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        /* _QUICKEN_RESUME is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 */
+
         case _RESUME_CHECK: {
             break;
         }
 
-        /* _INSTRUMENTED_RESUME is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 */
+        /* _MONITOR_RESUME is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 */
 
         case _LOAD_FAST_CHECK: {
             _Py_UopsSymbol *value;
@@ -22,6 +32,7 @@
             }
             stack_pointer[0] = value;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -30,6 +41,7 @@
             value = GETLOCAL(oparg);
             stack_pointer[0] = value;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -40,6 +52,7 @@
             GETLOCAL(oparg) = temp;
             stack_pointer[0] = value;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -51,6 +64,7 @@
             value = sym_new_const(ctx, val);
             stack_pointer[0] = value;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -59,11 +73,13 @@
             value = stack_pointer[-1];
             GETLOCAL(oparg) = value;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _POP_TOP: {
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -72,14 +88,16 @@
             res = sym_new_null(ctx);
             stack_pointer[0] = res;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _END_SEND: {
-            _Py_UopsSymbol *value;
-            value = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
-            stack_pointer[-2] = value;
+            _Py_UopsSymbol *val;
+            val = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
+            stack_pointer[-2] = val;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -239,6 +257,7 @@
             }
             stack_pointer[-2] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -268,6 +287,7 @@
             }
             stack_pointer[-2] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -297,6 +317,7 @@
             }
             stack_pointer[-2] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -358,6 +379,7 @@
             }
             stack_pointer[-2] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -388,6 +410,7 @@
             }
             stack_pointer[-2] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -418,6 +441,7 @@
             }
             stack_pointer[-2] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -455,6 +479,13 @@
             }
             stack_pointer[-2] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+            break;
+        }
+
+        case _BINARY_OP_INPLACE_ADD_UNICODE: {
+            stack_pointer += -2;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -463,6 +494,7 @@
             res = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
             stack_pointer[-2] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -471,11 +503,13 @@
             res = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
             stack_pointer[-3] = res;
             stack_pointer += -2;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _STORE_SLICE: {
             stack_pointer += -4;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -484,6 +518,7 @@
             res = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
             stack_pointer[-2] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -492,6 +527,7 @@
             res = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
             stack_pointer[-2] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -500,6 +536,7 @@
             res = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
             stack_pointer[-2] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -508,38 +545,63 @@
             res = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
             stack_pointer[-2] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
-        /* _BINARY_SUBSCR_GETITEM is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 */
+        case _BINARY_SUBSCR_CHECK_FUNC: {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        case _BINARY_SUBSCR_INIT_CALL: {
+            _Py_UopsSymbol *sub;
+            _Py_UopsSymbol *container;
+            _Py_UOpsAbstractFrame *new_frame;
+            sub = stack_pointer[-1];
+            container = stack_pointer[-2];
+            (void)container;
+            (void)sub;
+            new_frame = NULL;
+            ctx->done = true;
+            stack_pointer[-2] = (_Py_UopsSymbol *)new_frame;
+            stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+            break;
+        }
 
         case _LIST_APPEND: {
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _SET_ADD: {
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _STORE_SUBSCR: {
             stack_pointer += -3;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _STORE_SUBSCR_LIST_INT: {
             stack_pointer += -3;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _STORE_SUBSCR_DICT: {
             stack_pointer += -3;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _DELETE_SUBSCR: {
             stack_pointer += -2;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -555,18 +617,19 @@
             res = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
             stack_pointer[-2] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
-        case _POP_FRAME: {
+        case _RETURN_VALUE: {
             _Py_UopsSymbol *retval;
             _Py_UopsSymbol *res;
             retval = stack_pointer[-1];
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             ctx->frame->stack_pointer = stack_pointer;
             frame_pop(ctx);
             stack_pointer = ctx->frame->stack_pointer;
-            res = retval;
             /* Stack space handling */
             assert(corresponding_check_stack == NULL);
             assert(co != NULL);
@@ -579,15 +642,13 @@
                 // might be impossible, but bailing is still safe
                 ctx->done = true;
             }
+            res = retval;
             stack_pointer[0] = res;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
-        /* _INSTRUMENTED_RETURN_VALUE is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 */
-
-        /* _INSTRUMENTED_RETURN_CONST is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 */
-
         case _GET_AITER: {
             _Py_UopsSymbol *iter;
             iter = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
@@ -600,6 +661,7 @@
             awaitable = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
             stack_pointer[0] = awaitable;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -612,9 +674,11 @@
 
         /* _SEND is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 */
 
-        /* _SEND_GEN is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 */
-
-        /* _INSTRUMENTED_YIELD_VALUE is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 */
+        case _SEND_GEN_FRAME: {
+            // We are about to hit the end of the trace:
+            ctx->done = true;
+            break;
+        }
 
         case _YIELD_VALUE: {
             _Py_UopsSymbol *res;
@@ -625,6 +689,7 @@
 
         case _POP_EXCEPT: {
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -633,6 +698,7 @@
             value = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
             stack_pointer[0] = value;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -641,11 +707,13 @@
             bc = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
             stack_pointer[0] = bc;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _STORE_NAME: {
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -664,6 +732,7 @@
                 values[i] = sym_new_unknown(ctx);
             }
             stack_pointer += -1 + oparg;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -675,6 +744,7 @@
             stack_pointer[-1] = val1;
             stack_pointer[0] = val0;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -685,6 +755,7 @@
                 values[_i] = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
             }
             stack_pointer += -1 + oparg;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -695,6 +766,7 @@
                 values[_i] = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
             }
             stack_pointer += -1 + oparg;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -709,22 +781,26 @@
             for (int i = 0; i < totalargs; i++) {
                 values[i] = sym_new_unknown(ctx);
             }
-            stack_pointer += (oparg >> 8) + (oparg & 0xFF);
+            stack_pointer += (oparg & 0xFF) + (oparg >> 8);
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _STORE_ATTR: {
             stack_pointer += -2;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _DELETE_ATTR: {
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _STORE_GLOBAL: {
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -737,21 +813,30 @@
             locals = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
             stack_pointer[0] = locals;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         /* _LOAD_FROM_DICT_OR_GLOBALS is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 */
 
-        /* _LOAD_NAME is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 */
+        case _LOAD_NAME: {
+            _Py_UopsSymbol *v;
+            v = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
+            stack_pointer[0] = v;
+            stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+            break;
+        }
 
         case _LOAD_GLOBAL: {
-            _Py_UopsSymbol *res;
+            _Py_UopsSymbol **res;
             _Py_UopsSymbol *null = NULL;
-            res = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
+            res = &stack_pointer[0];
+            res[0] = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
             null = sym_new_null(ctx);
-            stack_pointer[0] = res;
             if (oparg & 1) stack_pointer[1] = null;
             stack_pointer += 1 + (oparg & 1);
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -759,29 +844,49 @@
             break;
         }
 
-        case _GUARD_BUILTINS_VERSION: {
+        case _GUARD_GLOBALS_VERSION_PUSH_KEYS: {
+            _Py_UopsSymbol *globals_keys;
+            uint16_t version = (uint16_t)this_instr->operand;
+            globals_keys = sym_new_unknown(ctx);
+            (void)version;
+            stack_pointer[0] = globals_keys;
+            stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
-        case _LOAD_GLOBAL_MODULE: {
+        case _GUARD_BUILTINS_VERSION_PUSH_KEYS: {
+            _Py_UopsSymbol *builtins_keys;
+            uint16_t version = (uint16_t)this_instr->operand;
+            builtins_keys = sym_new_unknown(ctx);
+            (void)version;
+            stack_pointer[0] = builtins_keys;
+            stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+            break;
+        }
+
+        case _LOAD_GLOBAL_MODULE_FROM_KEYS: {
             _Py_UopsSymbol *res;
             _Py_UopsSymbol *null = NULL;
             res = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
             null = sym_new_null(ctx);
-            stack_pointer[0] = res;
-            if (oparg & 1) stack_pointer[1] = null;
-            stack_pointer += 1 + (oparg & 1);
+            stack_pointer[-1] = res;
+            if (oparg & 1) stack_pointer[0] = null;
+            stack_pointer += (oparg & 1);
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
-        case _LOAD_GLOBAL_BUILTINS: {
+        case _LOAD_GLOBAL_BUILTINS_FROM_KEYS: {
             _Py_UopsSymbol *res;
             _Py_UopsSymbol *null = NULL;
             res = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
             null = sym_new_null(ctx);
-            stack_pointer[0] = res;
-            if (oparg & 1) stack_pointer[1] = null;
-            stack_pointer += 1 + (oparg & 1);
+            stack_pointer[-1] = res;
+            if (oparg & 1) stack_pointer[0] = null;
+            stack_pointer += (oparg & 1);
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -809,11 +914,13 @@
             value = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
             stack_pointer[0] = value;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _STORE_DEREF: {
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -826,6 +933,7 @@
             str = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
             stack_pointer[-oparg] = str;
             stack_pointer += 1 - oparg;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -834,6 +942,7 @@
             tup = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
             stack_pointer[-oparg] = tup;
             stack_pointer += 1 - oparg;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -842,26 +951,37 @@
             list = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
             stack_pointer[-oparg] = list;
             stack_pointer += 1 - oparg;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _LIST_EXTEND: {
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _SET_UPDATE: {
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
-        /* _BUILD_SET is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 */
+        case _BUILD_SET: {
+            _Py_UopsSymbol *set;
+            set = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
+            stack_pointer[-oparg] = set;
+            stack_pointer += 1 - oparg;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+            break;
+        }
 
         case _BUILD_MAP: {
             _Py_UopsSymbol *map;
             map = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
             stack_pointer[-oparg*2] = map;
             stack_pointer += 1 - oparg*2;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -869,36 +989,32 @@
             break;
         }
 
-        case _BUILD_CONST_KEY_MAP: {
-            _Py_UopsSymbol *map;
-            map = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
-            stack_pointer[-1 - oparg] = map;
-            stack_pointer += -oparg;
-            break;
-        }
-
         case _DICT_UPDATE: {
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _DICT_MERGE: {
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _MAP_ADD: {
             stack_pointer += -2;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         /* _INSTRUMENTED_LOAD_SUPER_ATTR is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 */
 
         case _LOAD_SUPER_ATTR_ATTR: {
-            _Py_UopsSymbol *attr;
-            attr = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
-            stack_pointer[-3] = attr;
+            _Py_UopsSymbol *attr_st;
+            attr_st = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
+            stack_pointer[-3] = attr_st;
             stack_pointer += -2;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -910,6 +1026,7 @@
             stack_pointer[-3] = attr;
             stack_pointer[-2] = self_or_null;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -920,16 +1037,37 @@
             owner = stack_pointer[-1];
             (void)owner;
             attr = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
-            if (oparg & 1) {
-                self_or_null = sym_new_unknown(ctx);
-            }
+            self_or_null = sym_new_unknown(ctx);
             stack_pointer[-1] = attr;
             if (oparg & 1) stack_pointer[0] = self_or_null;
             stack_pointer += (oparg & 1);
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _GUARD_TYPE_VERSION: {
+            _Py_UopsSymbol *owner;
+            owner = stack_pointer[-1];
+            uint32_t type_version = (uint32_t)this_instr->operand;
+            assert(type_version);
+            if (sym_matches_type_version(owner, type_version)) {
+                REPLACE_OP(this_instr, _NOP, 0, 0);
+            } else {
+                // add watcher so that whenever the type changes we invalidate this
+                PyTypeObject *type = _PyType_LookupByVersion(type_version);
+                // if the type is null, it was not found in the cache (there was a conflict)
+                // with the key, in which case we can't trust the version
+                if (type) {
+                    // if the type version was set properly, then add a watcher
+                    // if it wasn't this means that the type version was previously set to something else
+                    // and we set the owner to bottom, so we don't need to add a watcher because we must have
+                    // already added one earlier.
+                    if (sym_set_type_version(owner, type_version)) {
+                        PyType_Watch(TYPE_WATCHER_ID, (PyObject *)type);
+                        _Py_BloomFilter_Add(dependencies, type);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
             break;
         }
 
@@ -942,14 +1080,15 @@
             _Py_UopsSymbol *attr;
             _Py_UopsSymbol *null = NULL;
             owner = stack_pointer[-1];
-            uint16_t index = (uint16_t)this_instr->operand;
+            uint16_t offset = (uint16_t)this_instr->operand;
             attr = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
             null = sym_new_null(ctx);
-            (void)index;
+            (void)offset;
             (void)owner;
             stack_pointer[-1] = attr;
             if (oparg & 1) stack_pointer[0] = null;
             stack_pointer += (oparg & 1);
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -989,11 +1128,17 @@
                 PyModuleObject *mod = (PyModuleObject *)sym_get_const(owner);
                 assert(PyModule_CheckExact(mod));
                 PyObject *dict = mod->md_dict;
+                stack_pointer[-1] = attr;
+                if (oparg & 1) stack_pointer[0] = null;
+                stack_pointer += (oparg & 1);
+                assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                 PyObject *res = convert_global_to_const(this_instr, dict);
                 if (res != NULL) {
                     this_instr[-1].opcode = _POP_TOP;
                     attr = sym_new_const(ctx, res);
                 }
+                stack_pointer += -(oparg & 1);
+                assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             }
             if (attr == NULL) {
                 /* No conversion made. We don't know what `attr` is. */
@@ -1002,6 +1147,7 @@
             stack_pointer[-1] = attr;
             if (oparg & 1) stack_pointer[0] = null;
             stack_pointer += (oparg & 1);
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -1022,6 +1168,7 @@
             stack_pointer[-1] = attr;
             if (oparg & 1) stack_pointer[0] = null;
             stack_pointer += (oparg & 1);
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -1038,6 +1185,7 @@
             stack_pointer[-1] = attr;
             if (oparg & 1) stack_pointer[0] = null;
             stack_pointer += (oparg & 1);
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -1058,10 +1206,22 @@
             stack_pointer[-1] = attr;
             if (oparg & 1) stack_pointer[0] = null;
             stack_pointer += (oparg & 1);
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
-        /* _LOAD_ATTR_PROPERTY is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 */
+        case _LOAD_ATTR_PROPERTY_FRAME: {
+            _Py_UopsSymbol *owner;
+            _Py_UOpsAbstractFrame *new_frame;
+            owner = stack_pointer[-1];
+            PyObject *fget = (PyObject *)this_instr->operand;
+            (void)fget;
+            (void)owner;
+            new_frame = NULL;
+            ctx->done = true;
+            stack_pointer[-1] = (_Py_UopsSymbol *)new_frame;
+            break;
+        }
 
         /* _LOAD_ATTR_GETATTRIBUTE_OVERRIDDEN is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 */
 
@@ -1071,16 +1231,19 @@
 
         case _STORE_ATTR_INSTANCE_VALUE: {
             stack_pointer += -2;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _STORE_ATTR_WITH_HINT: {
             stack_pointer += -2;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _STORE_ATTR_SLOT: {
             stack_pointer += -2;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -1096,10 +1259,15 @@
                 res = sym_new_type(ctx, &PyBool_Type);
             }
             else {
+                stack_pointer += -2;
+                assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                 res = _Py_uop_sym_new_not_null(ctx);
+                stack_pointer += 2;
+                assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             }
             stack_pointer[-2] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -1114,6 +1282,7 @@
             res = sym_new_type(ctx, &PyBool_Type);
             stack_pointer[-2] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -1128,6 +1297,7 @@
             res = sym_new_type(ctx, &PyBool_Type);
             stack_pointer[-2] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -1142,6 +1312,7 @@
             res = sym_new_type(ctx, &PyBool_Type);
             stack_pointer[-2] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -1156,6 +1327,7 @@
             res = sym_new_type(ctx, &PyBool_Type);
             stack_pointer[-2] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -1170,6 +1342,7 @@
             res = sym_new_type(ctx, &PyBool_Type);
             stack_pointer[-2] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -1178,6 +1351,7 @@
             b = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
             stack_pointer[-2] = b;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -1186,6 +1360,7 @@
             b = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
             stack_pointer[-2] = b;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -1206,6 +1381,24 @@
             break;
         }
 
+        case _IMPORT_NAME: {
+            _Py_UopsSymbol *res;
+            res = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
+            stack_pointer[-2] = res;
+            stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+            break;
+        }
+
+        case _IMPORT_FROM: {
+            _Py_UopsSymbol *res;
+            res = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
+            stack_pointer[0] = res;
+            stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+            break;
+        }
+
         /* _POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 */
 
         /* _POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 */
@@ -1218,10 +1411,11 @@
         }
 
         case _GET_LEN: {
-            _Py_UopsSymbol *len_o;
-            len_o = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
-            stack_pointer[0] = len_o;
+            _Py_UopsSymbol *len;
+            len = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
+            stack_pointer[0] = len;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -1230,6 +1424,7 @@
             attrs = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
             stack_pointer[-3] = attrs;
             stack_pointer += -2;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -1238,6 +1433,7 @@
             res = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
             stack_pointer[0] = res;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -1246,6 +1442,7 @@
             res = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
             stack_pointer[0] = res;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -1254,6 +1451,7 @@
             values_or_none = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
             stack_pointer[0] = values_or_none;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -1278,6 +1476,7 @@
             next = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
             stack_pointer[0] = next;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -1298,6 +1497,7 @@
             next = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
             stack_pointer[0] = next;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -1316,6 +1516,7 @@
             next = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
             stack_pointer[0] = next;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -1337,6 +1538,7 @@
             (void)iter;
             stack_pointer[0] = next;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -1346,15 +1548,27 @@
             break;
         }
 
-        /* _BEFORE_ASYNC_WITH is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 */
-
-        /* _BEFORE_WITH is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 */
+        case _LOAD_SPECIAL: {
+            _Py_UopsSymbol *owner;
+            _Py_UopsSymbol *attr;
+            _Py_UopsSymbol *self_or_null;
+            owner = stack_pointer[-1];
+            (void)owner;
+            attr = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
+            self_or_null = sym_new_unknown(ctx);
+            stack_pointer[-1] = attr;
+            stack_pointer[0] = self_or_null;
+            stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+            break;
+        }
 
         case _WITH_EXCEPT_START: {
             _Py_UopsSymbol *res;
             res = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
             stack_pointer[0] = res;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -1366,6 +1580,7 @@
             stack_pointer[-1] = prev_exc;
             stack_pointer[0] = new_exc;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -1389,6 +1604,7 @@
             stack_pointer[-1] = attr;
             stack_pointer[0] = self;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -1404,6 +1620,7 @@
             stack_pointer[-1] = attr;
             stack_pointer[0] = self;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -1437,34 +1654,55 @@
             stack_pointer[-1] = attr;
             stack_pointer[0] = self;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
-        /* _INSTRUMENTED_CALL is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 */
-
-        /* _CALL is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 */
-
-        case _CHECK_PERIODIC: {
-            break;
-        }
-
-        case _PY_FRAME_GENERAL: {
+        case _MAYBE_EXPAND_METHOD: {
             _Py_UopsSymbol **args;
             _Py_UopsSymbol *self_or_null;
             _Py_UopsSymbol *callable;
-            _Py_UOpsAbstractFrame *new_frame;
+            _Py_UopsSymbol *func;
+            _Py_UopsSymbol *maybe_self;
             args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
             self_or_null = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
             callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
-            /* The _Py_UOpsAbstractFrame design assumes that we can copy arguments across directly */
+            args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
             (void)callable;
             (void)self_or_null;
             (void)args;
-            first_valid_check_stack = NULL;
-            new_frame = NULL;
-            ctx->done = true;
-            stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = (_Py_UopsSymbol *)new_frame;
-            stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
+            func = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
+            maybe_self = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
+            stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = func;
+            stack_pointer[-1 - oparg] = maybe_self;
+            break;
+        }
+
+        /* _DO_CALL is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 */
+
+        /* _MONITOR_CALL is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 */
+
+        case _PY_FRAME_GENERAL: {
+            _Py_UopsSymbol *self_or_null;
+            _Py_UopsSymbol *callable;
+            _Py_UOpsAbstractFrame *new_frame;
+            self_or_null = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
+            callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+            stack_pointer += -2 - oparg;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+            (void)(self_or_null);
+            (void)(callable);
+            PyCodeObject *co = NULL;
+            assert((this_instr + 2)->opcode == _PUSH_FRAME);
+            co = get_code_with_logging((this_instr + 2));
+            if (co == NULL) {
+                ctx->done = true;
+                break;
+            }
+            new_frame = frame_new(ctx, co, 0, NULL, 0);
+            stack_pointer[0] = (_Py_UopsSymbol *)new_frame;
+            stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -1477,12 +1715,12 @@
         }
 
         case _EXPAND_METHOD: {
-            _Py_UopsSymbol *method;
-            _Py_UopsSymbol *self;
-            method = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
-            self = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
-            stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = method;
-            stack_pointer[-1 - oparg] = self;
+            _Py_UopsSymbol **method;
+            _Py_UopsSymbol **self;
+            method = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+            self = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
+            method[0] = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
+            self[0] = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
             break;
         }
 
@@ -1495,6 +1733,7 @@
             res = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
             stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -1558,23 +1797,12 @@
             (void)callable;
             PyCodeObject *co = NULL;
             assert((this_instr + 2)->opcode == _PUSH_FRAME);
-            uint64_t push_operand = (this_instr + 2)->operand;
-            if (push_operand & 1) {
-                co = (PyCodeObject *)(push_operand & ~1);
-                DPRINTF(3, "code=%p ", co);
-                assert(PyCode_Check(co));
-            }
-            else {
-                PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)push_operand;
-                DPRINTF(3, "func=%p ", func);
-                if (func == NULL) {
-                    DPRINTF(3, "\n");
-                    DPRINTF(1, "Missing function\n");
-                    ctx->done = true;
-                    break;
-                }
-                co = (PyCodeObject *)func->func_code;
-                DPRINTF(3, "code=%p ", co);
+            stack_pointer += -2 - oparg;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+            co = get_code_with_logging((this_instr + 2));
+            if (co == NULL) {
+                ctx->done = true;
+                break;
             }
             assert(self_or_null != NULL);
             assert(args != NULL);
@@ -1583,18 +1811,14 @@
                 args--;
                 argcount++;
             }
-            _Py_UopsSymbol **localsplus_start = ctx->n_consumed;
-            int n_locals_already_filled = 0;
-            // Can determine statically, so we interleave the new locals
-            // and make the current stack the new locals.
-            // This also sets up for true call inlining.
             if (sym_is_null(self_or_null) || sym_is_not_null(self_or_null)) {
-                localsplus_start = args;
-                n_locals_already_filled = argcount;
+                new_frame = frame_new(ctx, co, 0, args, argcount);
+            } else {
+                new_frame = frame_new(ctx, co, 0, NULL, 0);
             }
-            new_frame = frame_new(ctx, co, localsplus_start, n_locals_already_filled, 0);
-            stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = (_Py_UopsSymbol *)new_frame;
-            stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
+            stack_pointer[0] = (_Py_UopsSymbol *)new_frame;
+            stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -1602,6 +1826,7 @@
             _Py_UOpsAbstractFrame *new_frame;
             new_frame = (_Py_UOpsAbstractFrame *)stack_pointer[-1];
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             ctx->frame->stack_pointer = stack_pointer;
             ctx->frame = new_frame;
             ctx->curr_frame_depth++;
@@ -1625,9 +1850,11 @@
             if (first_valid_check_stack == NULL) {
                 first_valid_check_stack = corresponding_check_stack;
             }
-            else if (corresponding_check_stack) {
-                // delete all but the first valid _CHECK_STACK_SPACE
-                corresponding_check_stack->opcode = _NOP;
+            else {
+                if (corresponding_check_stack) {
+                    // delete all but the first valid _CHECK_STACK_SPACE
+                    corresponding_check_stack->opcode = _NOP;
+                }
             }
             corresponding_check_stack = NULL;
             break;
@@ -1638,6 +1865,7 @@
             res = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
             stack_pointer[-3] = res;
             stack_pointer += -2;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -1646,6 +1874,7 @@
             res = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
             stack_pointer[-3] = res;
             stack_pointer += -2;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -1654,13 +1883,54 @@
             res = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
             stack_pointer[-3] = res;
             stack_pointer += -2;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+            break;
+        }
+
+        case _CHECK_AND_ALLOCATE_OBJECT: {
+            _Py_UopsSymbol **args;
+            _Py_UopsSymbol *null;
+            _Py_UopsSymbol *callable;
+            _Py_UopsSymbol *self;
+            _Py_UopsSymbol *init;
+            args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
+            null = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
+            callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+            args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
+            uint32_t type_version = (uint32_t)this_instr->operand;
+            (void)type_version;
+            (void)callable;
+            (void)null;
+            (void)args;
+            self = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
+            init = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
+            stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = self;
+            stack_pointer[-1 - oparg] = init;
             break;
         }
 
-        /* _CALL_ALLOC_AND_ENTER_INIT is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 */
+        case _CREATE_INIT_FRAME: {
+            _Py_UopsSymbol **args;
+            _Py_UopsSymbol *init;
+            _Py_UopsSymbol *self;
+            _Py_UOpsAbstractFrame *init_frame;
+            args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
+            init = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
+            self = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+            (void)self;
+            (void)init;
+            (void)args;
+            init_frame = NULL;
+            ctx->done = true;
+            stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = (_Py_UopsSymbol *)init_frame;
+            stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+            break;
+        }
 
         case _EXIT_INIT_CHECK: {
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -1669,6 +1939,7 @@
             res = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
             stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -1677,6 +1948,7 @@
             res = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
             stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -1685,6 +1957,7 @@
             res = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
             stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -1693,6 +1966,7 @@
             res = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
             stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -1701,6 +1975,7 @@
             res = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
             stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -1709,6 +1984,13 @@
             res = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
             stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+            break;
+        }
+
+        case _CALL_LIST_APPEND: {
+            stack_pointer += -3;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -1717,6 +1999,7 @@
             res = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
             stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -1725,6 +2008,7 @@
             res = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
             stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -1733,6 +2017,7 @@
             res = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
             stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -1741,16 +2026,98 @@
             res = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
             stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         /* _INSTRUMENTED_CALL_KW is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 */
 
-        /* _CALL_KW is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 */
+        case _MAYBE_EXPAND_METHOD_KW: {
+            _Py_UopsSymbol **func;
+            _Py_UopsSymbol **maybe_self;
+            _Py_UopsSymbol **args;
+            _Py_UopsSymbol *kwnames_out;
+            func = &stack_pointer[-3 - oparg];
+            maybe_self = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+            args = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
+            func[0] = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
+            maybe_self[0] = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
+            for (int _i = oparg; --_i >= 0;) {
+                args[_i] = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
+            }
+            kwnames_out = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
+            stack_pointer[-1] = kwnames_out;
+            break;
+        }
+
+        /* _DO_CALL_KW is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 */
+
+        case _PY_FRAME_KW: {
+            _Py_UopsSymbol *kwnames;
+            _Py_UopsSymbol **args;
+            _Py_UopsSymbol *self_or_null;
+            _Py_UopsSymbol *callable;
+            _Py_UOpsAbstractFrame *new_frame;
+            kwnames = stack_pointer[-1];
+            args = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
+            self_or_null = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+            callable = stack_pointer[-3 - oparg];
+            (void)callable;
+            (void)self_or_null;
+            (void)args;
+            (void)kwnames;
+            new_frame = NULL;
+            ctx->done = true;
+            stack_pointer[-3 - oparg] = (_Py_UopsSymbol *)new_frame;
+            stack_pointer += -2 - oparg;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+            break;
+        }
+
+        case _CHECK_FUNCTION_VERSION_KW: {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        case _CHECK_METHOD_VERSION_KW: {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        case _EXPAND_METHOD_KW: {
+            _Py_UopsSymbol **method;
+            _Py_UopsSymbol **self;
+            method = &stack_pointer[-3 - oparg];
+            self = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
+            method[0] = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
+            self[0] = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
+            break;
+        }
+
+        case _CHECK_IS_NOT_PY_CALLABLE_KW: {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        case _CALL_KW_NON_PY: {
+            _Py_UopsSymbol *res;
+            res = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
+            stack_pointer[-3 - oparg] = res;
+            stack_pointer += -2 - oparg;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+            break;
+        }
 
         /* _INSTRUMENTED_CALL_FUNCTION_EX is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 */
 
-        /* _CALL_FUNCTION_EX is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 */
+        case _MAKE_CALLARGS_A_TUPLE: {
+            _Py_UopsSymbol *tuple;
+            _Py_UopsSymbol *kwargs_out = NULL;
+            tuple = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
+            kwargs_out = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
+            stack_pointer[-1 - (oparg & 1)] = tuple;
+            if (oparg & 1) stack_pointer[-(oparg & 1)] = kwargs_out;
+            break;
+        }
+
+        /* _DO_CALL_FUNCTION_EX is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 */
 
         case _MAKE_FUNCTION: {
             _Py_UopsSymbol *func;
@@ -1760,10 +2127,11 @@
         }
 
         case _SET_FUNCTION_ATTRIBUTE: {
-            _Py_UopsSymbol *func;
-            func = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
-            stack_pointer[-2] = func;
+            _Py_UopsSymbol *func_out;
+            func_out = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
+            stack_pointer[-2] = func_out;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -1780,13 +2148,14 @@
             assert(framesize > 0);
             assert(framesize <= curr_space);
             curr_space -= framesize;
+            stack_pointer[0] = res;
+            stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             co = get_code(this_instr);
             if (co == NULL) {
                 // might be impossible, but bailing is still safe
                 ctx->done = true;
             }
-            stack_pointer[0] = res;
-            stack_pointer += 1;
             break;
         }
 
@@ -1795,6 +2164,7 @@
             slice = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
             stack_pointer[-2 - ((oparg == 3) ? 1 : 0)] = slice;
             stack_pointer += -1 - ((oparg == 3) ? 1 : 0);
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -1817,6 +2187,7 @@
             res = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
             stack_pointer[-2] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -1828,6 +2199,7 @@
             top = bottom;
             stack_pointer[0] = top;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -1852,27 +2224,36 @@
                     res = sym_new_type(ctx, &PyFloat_Type);
                 }
             }
-            res = sym_new_unknown(ctx);
+            else {
+                res = sym_new_unknown(ctx);
+            }
             stack_pointer[-2] = res;
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
         case _SWAP: {
-            _Py_UopsSymbol *top;
-            _Py_UopsSymbol *bottom;
-            top = stack_pointer[-1];
-            bottom = stack_pointer[-2 - (oparg-2)];
-            stack_pointer[-2 - (oparg-2)] = top;
-            stack_pointer[-1] = bottom;
+            _Py_UopsSymbol *top_in;
+            _Py_UopsSymbol *bottom_in;
+            _Py_UopsSymbol *top_out;
+            _Py_UopsSymbol *bottom_out;
+            top_in = stack_pointer[-1];
+            bottom_in = stack_pointer[-2 - (oparg-2)];
+            bottom_out = bottom_in;
+            top_out = top_in;
+            stack_pointer[-2 - (oparg-2)] = top_out;
+            stack_pointer[-1] = bottom_out;
             break;
         }
 
+        /* _INSTRUMENTED_LINE is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 */
+
         /* _INSTRUMENTED_INSTRUCTION is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 */
 
         /* _INSTRUMENTED_JUMP_FORWARD is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 */
 
-        /* _INSTRUMENTED_JUMP_BACKWARD is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 */
+        /* _MONITOR_JUMP_BACKWARD is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 */
 
         /* _INSTRUMENTED_POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 */
 
@@ -1888,9 +2269,14 @@
             if (sym_is_const(flag)) {
                 PyObject *value = sym_get_const(flag);
                 assert(value != NULL);
+                stack_pointer += -1;
+                assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                 eliminate_pop_guard(this_instr, value != Py_True);
+                stack_pointer += 1;
+                assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             }
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -1900,9 +2286,14 @@
             if (sym_is_const(flag)) {
                 PyObject *value = sym_get_const(flag);
                 assert(value != NULL);
+                stack_pointer += -1;
+                assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                 eliminate_pop_guard(this_instr, value != Py_False);
+                stack_pointer += 1;
+                assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             }
             stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -1912,13 +2303,22 @@
             if (sym_is_const(flag)) {
                 PyObject *value = sym_get_const(flag);
                 assert(value != NULL);
+                stack_pointer += -1;
+                assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                 eliminate_pop_guard(this_instr, !Py_IsNone(value));
             }
-            else if (sym_has_type(flag)) {
-                assert(!sym_matches_type(flag, &_PyNone_Type));
-                eliminate_pop_guard(this_instr, true);
+            else {
+                if (sym_has_type(flag)) {
+                    assert(!sym_matches_type(flag, &_PyNone_Type));
+                    stack_pointer += -1;
+                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                    eliminate_pop_guard(this_instr, true);
+                    stack_pointer += 1;
+                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                }
+                stack_pointer += -1;
+                assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             }
-            stack_pointer += -1;
             break;
         }
 
@@ -1928,13 +2328,22 @@
             if (sym_is_const(flag)) {
                 PyObject *value = sym_get_const(flag);
                 assert(value != NULL);
+                stack_pointer += -1;
+                assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                 eliminate_pop_guard(this_instr, Py_IsNone(value));
             }
-            else if (sym_has_type(flag)) {
-                assert(!sym_matches_type(flag, &_PyNone_Type));
-                eliminate_pop_guard(this_instr, false);
+            else {
+                if (sym_has_type(flag)) {
+                    assert(!sym_matches_type(flag, &_PyNone_Type));
+                    stack_pointer += -1;
+                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                    eliminate_pop_guard(this_instr, false);
+                    stack_pointer += 1;
+                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+                }
+                stack_pointer += -1;
+                assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             }
-            stack_pointer += -1;
             break;
         }
 
@@ -1961,6 +2370,8 @@
         }
 
         case _EXIT_TRACE: {
+            PyObject *exit_p = (PyObject *)this_instr->operand;
+            (void)exit_p;
             ctx->done = true;
             break;
         }
@@ -1975,6 +2386,7 @@
             value = sym_new_const(ctx, ptr);
             stack_pointer[0] = value;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -1984,6 +2396,7 @@
             value = sym_new_const(ctx, ptr);
             stack_pointer[0] = value;
             stack_pointer += 1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -2003,6 +2416,7 @@
             stack_pointer[0] = value;
             stack_pointer[1] = null;
             stack_pointer += 2;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -2015,6 +2429,7 @@
             stack_pointer[0] = value;
             stack_pointer[1] = null;
             stack_pointer += 2;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -2022,12 +2437,33 @@
             break;
         }
 
-        case _INTERNAL_INCREMENT_OPT_COUNTER: {
-            stack_pointer += -1;
+        case _LOAD_GLOBAL_MODULE: {
+            _Py_UopsSymbol *res;
+            _Py_UopsSymbol *null = NULL;
+            res = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
+            null = sym_new_null(ctx);
+            stack_pointer[0] = res;
+            if (oparg & 1) stack_pointer[1] = null;
+            stack_pointer += 1 + (oparg & 1);
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
-        case _COLD_EXIT: {
+        case _LOAD_GLOBAL_BUILTINS: {
+            _Py_UopsSymbol *res;
+            _Py_UopsSymbol *null = NULL;
+            res = sym_new_not_null(ctx);
+            null = sym_new_null(ctx);
+            stack_pointer[0] = res;
+            if (oparg & 1) stack_pointer[1] = null;
+            stack_pointer += 1 + (oparg & 1);
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
+            break;
+        }
+
+        case _INTERNAL_INCREMENT_OPT_COUNTER: {
+            stack_pointer += -1;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
@@ -2039,6 +2475,10 @@
             break;
         }
 
+        case _MAKE_WARM: {
+            break;
+        }
+
         case _FATAL_ERROR: {
             break;
         }
@@ -2053,6 +2493,7 @@
 
         case _ERROR_POP_N: {
             stack_pointer += -oparg;
+            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
             break;
         }
 
diff --git a/Python/optimizer_symbols.c b/Python/optimizer_symbols.c
index e546eef306eeca..40cbf95e3d6d39 100644
--- a/Python/optimizer_symbols.c
+++ b/Python/optimizer_symbols.c
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 
 #include "Python.h"
 
-#include "cpython/optimizer.h"
 #include "pycore_code.h"
 #include "pycore_frame.h"
 #include "pycore_long.h"
@@ -52,7 +51,8 @@ static inline int get_lltrace(void) {
 static _Py_UopsSymbol NO_SPACE_SYMBOL = {
     .flags = IS_NULL | NOT_NULL | NO_SPACE,
     .typ = NULL,
-    .const_val = NULL
+    .const_val = NULL,
+    .type_version = 0,
 };
 
 _Py_UopsSymbol *
@@ -76,6 +76,7 @@ sym_new(_Py_UOpsContext *ctx)
     self->flags = 0;
     self->typ = NULL;
     self->const_val = NULL;
+    self->type_version = 0;
 
     return self;
 }
@@ -152,6 +153,18 @@ _Py_uop_sym_set_type(_Py_UOpsContext *ctx, _Py_UopsSymbol *sym, PyTypeObject *ty
     }
 }
 
+bool
+_Py_uop_sym_set_type_version(_Py_UOpsContext *ctx, _Py_UopsSymbol *sym, unsigned int version)
+{
+    // if the type version was already set, then it must be different and we should set it to bottom
+    if (sym->type_version) {
+        sym_set_bottom(ctx, sym);
+        return false;
+    }
+    sym->type_version = version;
+    return true;
+}
+
 void
 _Py_uop_sym_set_const(_Py_UOpsContext *ctx, _Py_UopsSymbol *sym, PyObject *const_val)
 {
@@ -256,6 +269,12 @@ _Py_uop_sym_get_type(_Py_UopsSymbol *sym)
     return sym->typ;
 }
 
+unsigned int
+_Py_uop_sym_get_type_version(_Py_UopsSymbol *sym)
+{
+    return sym->type_version;
+}
+
 bool
 _Py_uop_sym_has_type(_Py_UopsSymbol *sym)
 {
@@ -272,6 +291,13 @@ _Py_uop_sym_matches_type(_Py_UopsSymbol *sym, PyTypeObject *typ)
     return _Py_uop_sym_get_type(sym) == typ;
 }
 
+bool
+_Py_uop_sym_matches_type_version(_Py_UopsSymbol *sym, unsigned int version)
+{
+    return _Py_uop_sym_get_type_version(sym) == version;
+}
+
+
 int
 _Py_uop_sym_truthiness(_Py_UopsSymbol *sym)
 {
@@ -311,9 +337,9 @@ _Py_UOpsAbstractFrame *
 _Py_uop_frame_new(
     _Py_UOpsContext *ctx,
     PyCodeObject *co,
-    _Py_UopsSymbol **localsplus_start,
-    int n_locals_already_filled,
-    int curr_stackentries)
+    int curr_stackentries,
+    _Py_UopsSymbol **args,
+    int arg_len)
 {
     assert(ctx->curr_frame_depth < MAX_ABSTRACT_FRAME_DEPTH);
     _Py_UOpsAbstractFrame *frame = &ctx->frames[ctx->curr_frame_depth];
@@ -321,19 +347,22 @@ _Py_uop_frame_new(
     frame->stack_len = co->co_stacksize;
     frame->locals_len = co->co_nlocalsplus;
 
-    frame->locals = localsplus_start;
+    frame->locals = ctx->n_consumed;
     frame->stack = frame->locals + co->co_nlocalsplus;
     frame->stack_pointer = frame->stack + curr_stackentries;
-    ctx->n_consumed = localsplus_start + (co->co_nlocalsplus + co->co_stacksize);
+    ctx->n_consumed = ctx->n_consumed + (co->co_nlocalsplus + co->co_stacksize);
     if (ctx->n_consumed >= ctx->limit) {
         ctx->done = true;
         ctx->out_of_space = true;
         return NULL;
     }
 
-
     // Initialize with the initial state of all local variables
-    for (int i = n_locals_already_filled; i < co->co_nlocalsplus; i++) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < arg_len; i++) {
+        frame->locals[i] = args[i];
+    }
+
+    for (int i = arg_len; i < co->co_nlocalsplus; i++) {
         _Py_UopsSymbol *local = _Py_uop_sym_new_unknown(ctx);
         frame->locals[i] = local;
     }
diff --git a/Python/parking_lot.c b/Python/parking_lot.c
index 841b1d71ea16cb..bffc959e5d0978 100644
--- a/Python/parking_lot.c
+++ b/Python/parking_lot.c
@@ -102,17 +102,37 @@ _PySemaphore_PlatformWait(_PySemaphore *sema, PyTime_t timeout)
         millis = INFINITE;
     }
     else {
-        millis = (DWORD) (timeout / 1000000);
+        PyTime_t div = _PyTime_AsMilliseconds(timeout, _PyTime_ROUND_TIMEOUT);
+        // Prevent overflow with clamping the result
+        if ((PyTime_t)PY_DWORD_MAX < div) {
+            millis = PY_DWORD_MAX;
+        }
+        else {
+            millis = (DWORD) div;
+        }
     }
-    wait = WaitForSingleObjectEx(sema->platform_sem, millis, FALSE);
+
+    // NOTE: we wait on the sigint event even in non-main threads to match the
+    // behavior of the other platforms. Non-main threads will ignore the
+    // Py_PARK_INTR result.
+    HANDLE sigint_event = _PyOS_SigintEvent();
+    HANDLE handles[2] = { sema->platform_sem, sigint_event };
+    DWORD count = sigint_event != NULL ? 2 : 1;
+    wait = WaitForMultipleObjects(count, handles, FALSE, millis);
     if (wait == WAIT_OBJECT_0) {
         res = Py_PARK_OK;
     }
+    else if (wait == WAIT_OBJECT_0 + 1) {
+        ResetEvent(sigint_event);
+        res = Py_PARK_INTR;
+    }
     else if (wait == WAIT_TIMEOUT) {
         res = Py_PARK_TIMEOUT;
     }
     else {
-        res = Py_PARK_INTR;
+        _Py_FatalErrorFormat(__func__,
+            "unexpected error from semaphore: %u (error: %u)",
+            wait, GetLastError());
     }
 #elif defined(_Py_USE_SEMAPHORES)
     int err;
diff --git a/Python/pyhash.c b/Python/pyhash.c
index 4145d9ef4fd7ef..216f437dd9a2d4 100644
--- a/Python/pyhash.c
+++ b/Python/pyhash.c
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ extern PyHash_FuncDef PyHash_Func;
 static PyHash_FuncDef PyHash_Func;
 #endif
 
-/* Count _Py_HashBytes() calls */
+/* Count Py_HashBuffer() calls */
 #ifdef Py_HASH_STATS
 #define Py_HASH_STATS_MAX 32
 static Py_ssize_t hashstats[Py_HASH_STATS_MAX + 1] = {0};
@@ -146,9 +146,8 @@ PyObject_GenericHash(PyObject *obj)
 }
 
 Py_hash_t
-_Py_HashBytes(const void *src, Py_ssize_t len)
+Py_HashBuffer(const void *ptr, Py_ssize_t len)
 {
-    Py_hash_t x;
     /*
       We make the hash of the empty string be 0, rather than using
       (prefix ^ suffix), since this slightly obfuscates the hash secret
@@ -161,21 +160,22 @@ _Py_HashBytes(const void *src, Py_ssize_t len)
     hashstats[(len <= Py_HASH_STATS_MAX) ? len : 0]++;
 #endif
 
+    Py_hash_t x;
 #if Py_HASH_CUTOFF > 0
     if (len < Py_HASH_CUTOFF) {
         /* Optimize hashing of very small strings with inline DJBX33A. */
         Py_uhash_t hash;
-        const unsigned char *p = src;
+        const unsigned char *p = ptr;
         hash = 5381; /* DJBX33A starts with 5381 */
 
         switch(len) {
             /* ((hash << 5) + hash) + *p == hash * 33 + *p */
-            case 7: hash = ((hash << 5) + hash) + *p++; /* fallthrough */
-            case 6: hash = ((hash << 5) + hash) + *p++; /* fallthrough */
-            case 5: hash = ((hash << 5) + hash) + *p++; /* fallthrough */
-            case 4: hash = ((hash << 5) + hash) + *p++; /* fallthrough */
-            case 3: hash = ((hash << 5) + hash) + *p++; /* fallthrough */
-            case 2: hash = ((hash << 5) + hash) + *p++; /* fallthrough */
+            case 7: hash = ((hash << 5) + hash) + *p++; _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
+            case 6: hash = ((hash << 5) + hash) + *p++; _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
+            case 5: hash = ((hash << 5) + hash) + *p++; _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
+            case 4: hash = ((hash << 5) + hash) + *p++; _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
+            case 3: hash = ((hash << 5) + hash) + *p++; _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
+            case 2: hash = ((hash << 5) + hash) + *p++; _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
             case 1: hash = ((hash << 5) + hash) + *p++; break;
             default:
                 Py_UNREACHABLE();
@@ -186,10 +186,13 @@ _Py_HashBytes(const void *src, Py_ssize_t len)
     }
     else
 #endif /* Py_HASH_CUTOFF */
-        x = PyHash_Func.hash(src, len);
+    {
+        x = PyHash_Func.hash(ptr, len);
+    }
 
-    if (x == -1)
+    if (x == -1) {
         return -2;
+    }
     return x;
 }
 
@@ -391,13 +394,13 @@ siphash13(uint64_t k0, uint64_t k1, const void *src, Py_ssize_t src_sz) {
     t = 0;
     pt = (uint8_t *)&t;
     switch (src_sz) {
-        case 7: pt[6] = in[6]; /* fall through */
-        case 6: pt[5] = in[5]; /* fall through */
-        case 5: pt[4] = in[4]; /* fall through */
+        case 7: pt[6] = in[6]; _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
+        case 6: pt[5] = in[5]; _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
+        case 5: pt[4] = in[4]; _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
         case 4: memcpy(pt, in, sizeof(uint32_t)); break;
-        case 3: pt[2] = in[2]; /* fall through */
-        case 2: pt[1] = in[1]; /* fall through */
-        case 1: pt[0] = in[0]; /* fall through */
+        case 3: pt[2] = in[2]; _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
+        case 2: pt[1] = in[1]; _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
+        case 1: pt[0] = in[0]; break;
     }
     b |= _le64toh(t);
 
@@ -442,13 +445,13 @@ siphash24(uint64_t k0, uint64_t k1, const void *src, Py_ssize_t src_sz) {
     t = 0;
     pt = (uint8_t *)&t;
     switch (src_sz) {
-        case 7: pt[6] = in[6]; /* fall through */
-        case 6: pt[5] = in[5]; /* fall through */
-        case 5: pt[4] = in[4]; /* fall through */
+        case 7: pt[6] = in[6]; _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
+        case 6: pt[5] = in[5]; _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
+        case 5: pt[4] = in[4]; _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
         case 4: memcpy(pt, in, sizeof(uint32_t)); break;
-        case 3: pt[2] = in[2]; /* fall through */
-        case 2: pt[1] = in[1]; /* fall through */
-        case 1: pt[0] = in[0]; /* fall through */
+        case 3: pt[2] = in[2]; _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
+        case 2: pt[1] = in[1]; _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
+        case 1: pt[0] = in[0]; break;
     }
     b |= _le64toh(t);
 
diff --git a/Python/pylifecycle.c b/Python/pylifecycle.c
index cbdf5c1b771fff..8f38fbedae9842 100644
--- a/Python/pylifecycle.c
+++ b/Python/pylifecycle.c
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 #include "Python.h"
 
+#include "pycore_audit.h"         // _PySys_ClearAuditHooks()
 #include "pycore_call.h"          // _PyObject_CallMethod()
 #include "pycore_ceval.h"         // _PyEval_FiniGIL()
 #include "pycore_codecs.h"        // _PyCodec_Lookup()
@@ -9,8 +10,8 @@
 #include "pycore_dict.h"          // _PyDict_Fini()
 #include "pycore_exceptions.h"    // _PyExc_InitTypes()
 #include "pycore_fileutils.h"     // _Py_ResetForceASCII()
+#include "pycore_freelist.h"      // _PyObject_ClearFreeLists()
 #include "pycore_floatobject.h"   // _PyFloat_InitTypes()
-#include "pycore_genobject.h"     // _PyAsyncGen_Fini()
 #include "pycore_global_objects_fini_generated.h"  // "_PyStaticObjects_CheckRefcnt()
 #include "pycore_import.h"        // _PyImport_BootstrapImp()
 #include "pycore_initconfig.h"    // _PyStatus_OK()
@@ -26,13 +27,13 @@
 #include "pycore_runtime_init.h"  // _PyRuntimeState_INIT
 #include "pycore_setobject.h"     // _PySet_NextEntry()
 #include "pycore_sliceobject.h"   // _PySlice_Fini()
-#include "pycore_sysmodule.h"     // _PySys_ClearAuditHooks()
+#include "pycore_sysmodule.h"     // _PySys_GetAttr()
 #include "pycore_traceback.h"     // _Py_DumpTracebackThreads()
+#include "pycore_uniqueid.h"      // _PyObject_FinalizeUniqueIdPool()
 #include "pycore_typeobject.h"    // _PyTypes_InitTypes()
 #include "pycore_typevarobject.h" // _Py_clear_generic_types()
 #include "pycore_unicodeobject.h" // _PyUnicode_InitTypes()
 #include "pycore_weakref.h"       // _PyWeakref_GET_REF()
-#include "cpython/optimizer.h"    // _Py_MAX_ALLOWED_BUILTINS_MODIFICATIONS
 #include "pycore_obmalloc.h"      // _PyMem_init_obmalloc()
 
 #include "opcode.h"
@@ -75,8 +76,10 @@ static PyStatus init_sys_streams(PyThreadState *tstate);
 static PyStatus init_android_streams(PyThreadState *tstate);
 #endif
 static void wait_for_thread_shutdown(PyThreadState *tstate);
+static void finalize_subinterpreters(void);
 static void call_ll_exitfuncs(_PyRuntimeState *runtime);
 
+
 /* The following places the `_PyRuntime` structure in a location that can be
  * found without any external information. This is meant to ease access to the
  * interpreter state for various runtime debugging tools, but is *not* an
@@ -103,9 +106,10 @@ _PyRuntimeState _PyRuntime
 #if defined(__linux__) && (defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__))
 __attribute__ ((section (".PyRuntime")))
 #endif
-= _PyRuntimeState_INIT(_PyRuntime);
+= _PyRuntimeState_INIT(_PyRuntime, _Py_Debug_Cookie);
 _Py_COMP_DIAG_POP
 
+
 static int runtime_initialized = 0;
 
 PyStatus
@@ -670,6 +674,13 @@ pycore_create_interpreter(_PyRuntimeState *runtime,
         return status;
     }
 
+    // This could be done in init_interpreter() (in pystate.c) if it
+    // didn't depend on interp->feature_flags being set already.
+    status = _PyObject_InitState(interp);
+    if (_PyStatus_EXCEPTION(status)) {
+        return status;
+    }
+
     // initialize the interp->obmalloc state.  This must be done after
     // the settings are loaded (so that feature_flags are set) but before
     // any calls are made to obmalloc functions.
@@ -678,7 +689,7 @@ pycore_create_interpreter(_PyRuntimeState *runtime,
     }
 
     PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_New(interp,
-                                               _PyThreadState_WHENCE_INTERP);
+                                               _PyThreadState_WHENCE_INIT);
     if (tstate == NULL) {
         return _PyStatus_ERR("can't make first thread");
     }
@@ -1299,11 +1310,11 @@ init_interp_main(PyThreadState *tstate)
             enabled = *env != '0';
         }
         if (enabled) {
-            PyObject *opt = PyUnstable_Optimizer_NewUOpOptimizer();
+            PyObject *opt = _PyOptimizer_NewUOpOptimizer();
             if (opt == NULL) {
                 return _PyStatus_ERR("can't initialize optimizer");
             }
-            if (PyUnstable_SetOptimizer((_PyOptimizerObject *)opt)) {
+            if (_Py_SetTier2Optimizer((_PyOptimizerObject *)opt)) {
                 return _PyStatus_ERR("can't install optimizer");
             }
             Py_DECREF(opt);
@@ -1818,6 +1829,7 @@ flush_std_files(void)
 static void
 finalize_interp_types(PyInterpreterState *interp)
 {
+    _PyTypes_FiniExtTypes(interp);
     _PyUnicode_FiniTypes(interp);
     _PySys_FiniTypes(interp);
     _PyXI_FiniTypes(interp);
@@ -1831,6 +1843,9 @@ finalize_interp_types(PyInterpreterState *interp)
     _PyTypes_FiniTypes(interp);
 
     _PyTypes_Fini(interp);
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    _PyObject_FinalizeUniqueIdPool(interp);
+#endif
 
     _PyCode_Fini(interp);
 
@@ -1843,7 +1858,7 @@ finalize_interp_types(PyInterpreterState *interp)
 #ifndef Py_GIL_DISABLED
     // With Py_GIL_DISABLED:
     // the freelists for the current thread state have already been cleared.
-    struct _Py_object_freelists *freelists = _Py_object_freelists_GET();
+    struct _Py_freelists *freelists = _Py_freelists_GET();
     _PyObject_ClearFreeLists(freelists, 1);
 #endif
 
@@ -1908,20 +1923,73 @@ finalize_interp_delete(PyInterpreterState *interp)
 }
 
 
-int
-Py_FinalizeEx(void)
+/* Conceptually, there isn't a good reason for Py_Finalize()
+   to be called in any other thread than the one where Py_Initialize()
+   was called.  Consequently, it would make sense to fail if the thread
+   or thread state (or interpreter) don't match.  However, such
+   constraints have never been enforced, and, as unlikely as it may be,
+   there may be users relying on the unconstrained behavior.  Thus,
+   we do our best here to accommodate that possibility. */
+
+static PyThreadState *
+resolve_final_tstate(_PyRuntimeState *runtime)
+{
+    PyThreadState *main_tstate = runtime->main_tstate;
+    assert(main_tstate != NULL);
+    assert(main_tstate->thread_id == runtime->main_thread);
+    PyInterpreterState *main_interp = _PyInterpreterState_Main();
+    assert(main_tstate->interp == main_interp);
+
+    PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
+    if (_Py_IsMainThread()) {
+        if (tstate != main_tstate) {
+            /* This implies that Py_Finalize() was called while
+               a non-main interpreter was active or while the main
+               tstate was temporarily swapped out with another.
+               Neither case should be allowed, but, until we get around
+               to fixing that (and Py_Exit()), we're letting it go. */
+            (void)PyThreadState_Swap(main_tstate);
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        /* This is another unfortunate case where Py_Finalize() was
+           called when it shouldn't have been.  We can't simply switch
+           over to the main thread.  At the least, however, we can make
+           sure the main interpreter is active. */
+        if (!_Py_IsMainInterpreter(tstate->interp)) {
+            /* We don't go to the trouble of updating runtime->main_tstate
+               since it will be dead soon anyway. */
+            main_tstate =
+                _PyThreadState_New(main_interp, _PyThreadState_WHENCE_FINI);
+            if (main_tstate != NULL) {
+                _PyThreadState_Bind(main_tstate);
+                (void)PyThreadState_Swap(main_tstate);
+            }
+            else {
+                /* Fall back to the current tstate.  It's better than nothing. */
+                main_tstate = tstate;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    assert(main_tstate != NULL);
+
+    /* We might want to warn if main_tstate->current_frame != NULL. */
+
+    return main_tstate;
+}
+
+static int
+_Py_Finalize(_PyRuntimeState *runtime)
 {
     int status = 0;
 
-    _PyRuntimeState *runtime = &_PyRuntime;
+    /* Bail out early if already finalized (or never initialized). */
     if (!runtime->initialized) {
         return status;
     }
 
-    /* Get current thread state and interpreter pointer */
-    PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
-    // XXX assert(_Py_IsMainInterpreter(tstate->interp));
-    // XXX assert(_Py_IsMainThread());
+    /* Get final thread state pointer. */
+    PyThreadState *tstate = resolve_final_tstate(runtime);
 
     // Block some operations.
     tstate->interp->finalizing = 1;
@@ -1944,6 +2012,8 @@ Py_FinalizeEx(void)
 
     _PyAtExit_Call(tstate->interp);
 
+    assert(_PyThreadState_GET() == tstate);
+
     /* Copy the core config, PyInterpreterState_Delete() free
        the core config memory */
 #ifdef Py_REF_DEBUG
@@ -1960,7 +2030,7 @@ Py_FinalizeEx(void)
     /* Ensure that remaining threads are detached */
     _PyEval_StopTheWorldAll(runtime);
 
-    /* Remaining daemon threads will automatically exit
+    /* Remaining daemon threads will be trapped in PyThread_hang_thread
        when they attempt to take the GIL (ex: PyEval_RestoreThread()). */
     _PyInterpreterState_SetFinalizing(tstate->interp, tstate);
     _PyRuntimeState_SetFinalizing(runtime, tstate);
@@ -2024,6 +2094,9 @@ Py_FinalizeEx(void)
     _PyImport_FiniExternal(tstate->interp);
     finalize_modules(tstate);
 
+    /* Clean up any lingering subinterpreters. */
+    finalize_subinterpreters();
+
     /* Print debug stats if any */
     _PyEval_Fini();
 
@@ -2141,10 +2214,16 @@ Py_FinalizeEx(void)
     return status;
 }
 
+int
+Py_FinalizeEx(void)
+{
+    return _Py_Finalize(&_PyRuntime);
+}
+
 void
 Py_Finalize(void)
 {
-    Py_FinalizeEx();
+    (void)_Py_Finalize(&_PyRuntime);
 }
 
 
@@ -2225,6 +2304,13 @@ new_interpreter(PyThreadState **tstate_p,
         goto error;
     }
 
+    // This could be done in init_interpreter() (in pystate.c) if it
+    // didn't depend on interp->feature_flags being set already.
+    status = _PyObject_InitState(interp);
+    if (_PyStatus_EXCEPTION(status)) {
+        return status;
+    }
+
     // initialize the interp->obmalloc state.  This must be done after
     // the settings are loaded (so that feature_flags are set) but before
     // any calls are made to obmalloc functions.
@@ -2233,7 +2319,7 @@ new_interpreter(PyThreadState **tstate_p,
         goto error;
     }
 
-    tstate = _PyThreadState_New(interp, _PyThreadState_WHENCE_INTERP);
+    tstate = _PyThreadState_New(interp, _PyThreadState_WHENCE_INIT);
     if (tstate == NULL) {
         status = _PyStatus_NO_MEMORY();
         goto error;
@@ -2356,23 +2442,90 @@ _Py_IsInterpreterFinalizing(PyInterpreterState *interp)
     return finalizing != NULL;
 }
 
+static void
+finalize_subinterpreters(void)
+{
+    PyThreadState *final_tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
+    PyInterpreterState *main_interp = _PyInterpreterState_Main();
+    assert(final_tstate->interp == main_interp);
+    _PyRuntimeState *runtime = main_interp->runtime;
+    struct pyinterpreters *interpreters = &runtime->interpreters;
+
+    /* Get the first interpreter in the list. */
+    HEAD_LOCK(runtime);
+    PyInterpreterState *interp = interpreters->head;
+    if (interp == main_interp) {
+        interp = interp->next;
+    }
+    HEAD_UNLOCK(runtime);
+
+    /* Bail out if there are no subinterpreters left. */
+    if (interp == NULL) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /* Warn the user if they forgot to clean up subinterpreters. */
+    (void)PyErr_WarnEx(
+            PyExc_RuntimeWarning,
+            "remaining subinterpreters; "
+            "destroy them with _interpreters.destroy()",
+            0);
+
+    /* Swap out the current tstate, which we know must belong
+       to the main interpreter. */
+    _PyThreadState_Detach(final_tstate);
+
+    /* Clean up all remaining subinterpreters. */
+    while (interp != NULL) {
+        assert(!_PyInterpreterState_IsRunningMain(interp));
+
+        /* Find the tstate to use for fini.  We assume the interpreter
+           will have at most one tstate at this point. */
+        PyThreadState *tstate = interp->threads.head;
+        if (tstate != NULL) {
+            /* Ideally we would be able to use tstate as-is, and rely
+               on it being in a ready state: no exception set, not
+               running anything (tstate->current_frame), matching the
+               current thread ID (tstate->thread_id).  To play it safe,
+               we always delete it and use a fresh tstate instead. */
+            assert(tstate != final_tstate);
+            _PyThreadState_Attach(tstate);
+            PyThreadState_Clear(tstate);
+            _PyThreadState_Detach(tstate);
+            PyThreadState_Delete(tstate);
+        }
+        tstate = _PyThreadState_NewBound(interp, _PyThreadState_WHENCE_FINI);
+
+        /* Destroy the subinterpreter. */
+        _PyThreadState_Attach(tstate);
+        Py_EndInterpreter(tstate);
+        assert(_PyThreadState_GET() == NULL);
+
+        /* Advance to the next interpreter. */
+        HEAD_LOCK(runtime);
+        interp = interpreters->head;
+        if (interp == main_interp) {
+            interp = interp->next;
+        }
+        HEAD_UNLOCK(runtime);
+    }
+
+    /* Switch back to the main interpreter. */
+    _PyThreadState_Attach(final_tstate);
+}
+
+
 /* Add the __main__ module */
 
 static PyStatus
 add_main_module(PyInterpreterState *interp)
 {
-    PyObject *m, *d, *ann_dict;
+    PyObject *m, *d;
     m = PyImport_AddModuleObject(&_Py_ID(__main__));
     if (m == NULL)
         return _PyStatus_ERR("can't create __main__ module");
 
     d = PyModule_GetDict(m);
-    ann_dict = PyDict_New();
-    if ((ann_dict == NULL) ||
-        (PyDict_SetItemString(d, "__annotations__", ann_dict) < 0)) {
-        return _PyStatus_ERR("Failed to initialize __main__.__annotations__");
-    }
-    Py_DECREF(ann_dict);
 
     int has_builtins = PyDict_ContainsString(d, "__builtins__");
     if (has_builtins < 0) {
@@ -2898,6 +3051,30 @@ fatal_error_exit(int status)
     }
 }
 
+static inline int
+acquire_dict_lock_for_dump(PyObject *obj)
+{
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    PyMutex *mutex = &obj->ob_mutex;
+    if (_PyMutex_LockTimed(mutex, 0, 0) == PY_LOCK_ACQUIRED) {
+        return 1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+#else
+    return 1;
+#endif
+}
+
+static inline void
+release_dict_lock_for_dump(PyObject *obj)
+{
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    PyMutex *mutex = &obj->ob_mutex;
+    // We can not call PyMutex_Unlock because it's not async-signal-safe.
+    // So not to wake up other threads, we just use a simple atomic store in here.
+    _Py_atomic_store_uint8(&mutex->_bits, _Py_UNLOCKED);
+#endif
+}
 
 // Dump the list of extension modules of sys.modules, excluding stdlib modules
 // (sys.stdlib_module_names), into fd file descriptor.
@@ -2925,13 +3102,18 @@ _Py_DumpExtensionModules(int fd, PyInterpreterState *interp)
     PyObject *stdlib_module_names = NULL;
     if (interp->sysdict != NULL) {
         pos = 0;
-        while (PyDict_Next(interp->sysdict, &pos, &key, &value)) {
+        if (!acquire_dict_lock_for_dump(interp->sysdict)) {
+            // If we cannot acquire the lock, just don't dump the list of extension modules.
+            return;
+        }
+        while (_PyDict_Next(interp->sysdict, &pos, &key, &value, NULL)) {
             if (PyUnicode_Check(key)
                && PyUnicode_CompareWithASCIIString(key, "stdlib_module_names") == 0) {
                 stdlib_module_names = value;
                 break;
             }
         }
+        release_dict_lock_for_dump(interp->sysdict);
     }
     // If we failed to get sys.stdlib_module_names or it's not a frozenset,
     // don't exclude stdlib modules.
@@ -2943,7 +3125,11 @@ _Py_DumpExtensionModules(int fd, PyInterpreterState *interp)
     int header = 1;
     Py_ssize_t count = 0;
     pos = 0;
-    while (PyDict_Next(modules, &pos, &key, &value)) {
+    if (!acquire_dict_lock_for_dump(modules)) {
+        // If we cannot acquire the lock, just don't dump the list of extension modules.
+        return;
+    }
+    while (_PyDict_Next(modules, &pos, &key, &value, NULL)) {
         if (!PyUnicode_Check(key)) {
             continue;
         }
@@ -2984,6 +3170,7 @@ _Py_DumpExtensionModules(int fd, PyInterpreterState *interp)
         _Py_DumpASCII(fd, key);
         count++;
     }
+    release_dict_lock_for_dump(modules);
 
     if (count) {
         PUTS(fd, " (total: ");
@@ -3217,7 +3404,7 @@ Py_Exit(int sts)
     if (tstate != NULL && _PyThreadState_IsRunningMain(tstate)) {
         _PyInterpreterState_SetNotRunningMain(tstate->interp);
     }
-    if (Py_FinalizeEx() < 0) {
+    if (_Py_Finalize(&_PyRuntime) < 0) {
         sts = 120;
     }
 
diff --git a/Python/pystate.c b/Python/pystate.c
index e1a95907b57d20..36b31f3b9e4200 100644
--- a/Python/pystate.c
+++ b/Python/pystate.c
@@ -3,23 +3,24 @@
 
 #include "Python.h"
 #include "pycore_abstract.h"      // _PyIndex_Check()
+#include "pycore_audit.h"         // _Py_AuditHookEntry
 #include "pycore_ceval.h"
 #include "pycore_code.h"          // stats
 #include "pycore_critical_section.h"       // _PyCriticalSection_Resume()
 #include "pycore_dtoa.h"          // _dtoa_state_INIT()
 #include "pycore_emscripten_trampoline.h"  // _Py_EmscriptenTrampoline_Init()
 #include "pycore_frame.h"
+#include "pycore_freelist.h"      // _PyObject_ClearFreeLists()
 #include "pycore_initconfig.h"    // _PyStatus_OK()
 #include "pycore_object.h"        // _PyType_InitCache()
-#include "pycore_object_stack.h"  // _PyObjectStackChunk_ClearFreeList()
 #include "pycore_parking_lot.h"   // _PyParkingLot_AfterFork()
 #include "pycore_pyerrors.h"      // _PyErr_Clear()
 #include "pycore_pylifecycle.h"   // _PyAST_Fini()
 #include "pycore_pymem.h"         // _PyMem_SetDefaultAllocator()
 #include "pycore_pystate.h"
 #include "pycore_runtime_init.h"  // _PyRuntimeState_INIT
-#include "pycore_sysmodule.h"     // _PySys_Audit()
 #include "pycore_obmalloc.h"      // _PyMem_obmalloc_state_on_heap()
+#include "pycore_uniqueid.h"      // _PyObject_FinalizePerThreadRefcounts()
 
 /* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
 CAUTION
@@ -389,7 +390,7 @@ _Py_COMP_DIAG_IGNORE_DEPR_DECLS
    Note that we initialize "initial" relative to _PyRuntime,
    to ensure pre-initialized pointers point to the active
    runtime state (and not "initial"). */
-static const _PyRuntimeState initial = _PyRuntimeState_INIT(_PyRuntime);
+static const _PyRuntimeState initial = _PyRuntimeState_INIT(_PyRuntime, "");
 _Py_COMP_DIAG_POP
 
 #define LOCKS_INIT(runtime) \
@@ -454,6 +455,8 @@ _PyRuntimeState_Init(_PyRuntimeState *runtime)
         // Py_Initialize() must be running again.
         // Reset to _PyRuntimeState_INIT.
         memcpy(runtime, &initial, sizeof(*runtime));
+        // Preserve the cookie from the original runtime.
+        memcpy(runtime->debug_offsets.cookie, _Py_Debug_Cookie, 8);
         assert(!runtime->_initialized);
     }
 
@@ -520,12 +523,6 @@ _PyRuntimeState_ReInitThreads(_PyRuntimeState *runtime)
 
     _PyTypes_AfterFork();
 
-    /* bpo-42540: id_mutex is freed by _PyInterpreterState_Delete, which does
-     * not force the default allocator. */
-    if (_PyThread_at_fork_reinit(&runtime->interpreters.main->id_mutex) < 0) {
-        return _PyStatus_ERR("Failed to reinitialize runtime locks");
-    }
-
     PyStatus status = gilstate_tss_reinit(runtime);
     if (_PyStatus_EXCEPTION(status)) {
         return status;
@@ -584,9 +581,9 @@ free_interpreter(PyInterpreterState *interp)
         PyMem_RawFree(interp);
     }
 }
-
+#ifndef NDEBUG
 static inline int check_interpreter_whence(long);
-
+#endif
 /* Get the interpreter state to a minimal consistent state.
    Further init happens in pylifecycle.c before it can be used.
    All fields not initialized here are expected to be zeroed out,
@@ -626,14 +623,14 @@ init_interpreter(PyInterpreterState *interp,
     assert(id > 0 || (id == 0 && interp == runtime->interpreters.main));
     interp->id = id;
 
+    interp->id_refcount = 0;
+
     assert(runtime->interpreters.head == interp);
     assert(next != NULL || (interp == runtime->interpreters.main));
     interp->next = next;
 
-    PyStatus status = _PyObject_InitState(interp);
-    if (_PyStatus_EXCEPTION(status)) {
-        return status;
-    }
+    // We would call _PyObject_InitState() at this point
+    // if interp->feature_flags were alredy set.
 
     _PyEval_InitState(interp);
     _PyGC_InitState(&interp->gc);
@@ -651,12 +648,14 @@ init_interpreter(PyInterpreterState *interp,
             interp->monitoring_callables[t][e] = NULL;
 
         }
+        interp->monitoring_tool_versions[t] = 0;
     }
     interp->sys_profile_initialized = false;
     interp->sys_trace_initialized = false;
 #ifdef _Py_TIER2
     (void)_Py_SetOptimizer(interp, NULL);
     interp->executor_list_head = NULL;
+    interp->trace_run_counter = JIT_CLEANUP_THRESHOLD;
 #endif
     if (interp != &runtime->_main_interpreter) {
         /* Fix the self-referential, statically initialized fields. */
@@ -903,6 +902,11 @@ interpreter_clear(PyInterpreterState *interp, PyThreadState *tstate)
         interp->code_watchers[i] = NULL;
     }
     interp->active_code_watchers = 0;
+
+    for (int i=0; i < CONTEXT_MAX_WATCHERS; i++) {
+        interp->context_watchers[i] = NULL;
+    }
+    interp->active_context_watchers = 0;
     // XXX Once we have one allocator per interpreter (i.e.
     // per-interpreter GC) we must ensure that all of the interpreter's
     // objects have been cleaned up at the point.
@@ -979,10 +983,6 @@ PyInterpreterState_Delete(PyInterpreterState *interp)
     }
     HEAD_UNLOCK(runtime);
 
-    if (interp->id_mutex != NULL) {
-        PyThread_free_lock(interp->id_mutex);
-    }
-
     _Py_qsbr_fini(interp);
 
     _PyObject_FiniState(interp);
@@ -1021,9 +1021,6 @@ _PyInterpreterState_DeleteExceptMain(_PyRuntimeState *runtime)
         // the "current" tstate to be set?
         PyInterpreterState_Clear(interp);  // XXX must activate?
         zapthreads(interp);
-        if (interp->id_mutex != NULL) {
-            PyThread_free_lock(interp->id_mutex);
-        }
         PyInterpreterState *prev_interp = interp;
         interp = interp->next;
         free_interpreter(prev_interp);
@@ -1130,7 +1127,7 @@ _PyInterpreterState_IsReady(PyInterpreterState *interp)
     return interp->_ready;
 }
 
-
+#ifndef NDEBUG
 static inline int
 check_interpreter_whence(long whence)
 {
@@ -1142,6 +1139,7 @@ check_interpreter_whence(long whence)
     }
     return 0;
 }
+#endif
 
 long
 _PyInterpreterState_GetWhence(PyInterpreterState *interp)
@@ -1236,9 +1234,6 @@ PyInterpreterState_GetID(PyInterpreterState *interp)
 PyObject *
 _PyInterpreterState_GetIDObject(PyInterpreterState *interp)
 {
-    if (_PyInterpreterState_IDInitref(interp) != 0) {
-        return NULL;
-    };
     int64_t interpid = interp->id;
     if (interpid < 0) {
         return NULL;
@@ -1248,53 +1243,24 @@ _PyInterpreterState_GetIDObject(PyInterpreterState *interp)
 }
 
 
-int
-_PyInterpreterState_IDInitref(PyInterpreterState *interp)
-{
-    if (interp->id_mutex != NULL) {
-        return 0;
-    }
-    interp->id_mutex = PyThread_allocate_lock();
-    if (interp->id_mutex == NULL) {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError,
-                        "failed to create init interpreter ID mutex");
-        return -1;
-    }
-    interp->id_refcount = 0;
-    return 0;
-}
-
 
-int
+void
 _PyInterpreterState_IDIncref(PyInterpreterState *interp)
 {
-    if (_PyInterpreterState_IDInitref(interp) < 0) {
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    PyThread_acquire_lock(interp->id_mutex, WAIT_LOCK);
-    interp->id_refcount += 1;
-    PyThread_release_lock(interp->id_mutex);
-    return 0;
+    _Py_atomic_add_ssize(&interp->id_refcount, 1);
 }
 
 
 void
 _PyInterpreterState_IDDecref(PyInterpreterState *interp)
 {
-    assert(interp->id_mutex != NULL);
     _PyRuntimeState *runtime = interp->runtime;
 
-    PyThread_acquire_lock(interp->id_mutex, WAIT_LOCK);
-    assert(interp->id_refcount != 0);
-    interp->id_refcount -= 1;
-    int64_t refcount = interp->id_refcount;
-    PyThread_release_lock(interp->id_mutex);
+    Py_ssize_t refcount = _Py_atomic_add_ssize(&interp->id_refcount, -1);
 
-    if (refcount == 0 && interp->requires_idref) {
-        PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_New(interp,
-                                                   _PyThreadState_WHENCE_INTERP);
-        _PyThreadState_Bind(tstate);
+    if (refcount == 1 && interp->requires_idref) {
+        PyThreadState *tstate =
+            _PyThreadState_NewBound(interp, _PyThreadState_WHENCE_FINI);
 
         // XXX Possible GILState issues?
         PyThreadState *save_tstate = _PyThreadState_Swap(runtime, tstate);
@@ -1499,6 +1465,8 @@ init_threadstate(_PyThreadStateImpl *_tstate,
     tstate->previous_executor = NULL;
     tstate->dict_global_version = 0;
 
+    _tstate->asyncio_running_loop = NULL;
+
     tstate->delete_later = NULL;
 
     llist_init(&_tstate->mem_free_queue);
@@ -1582,13 +1550,6 @@ new_threadstate(PyInterpreterState *interp, int whence)
         PyMem_RawFree(new_tstate);
     }
     else {
-#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
-        if (_Py_atomic_load_int(&interp->gc.immortalize) == 0) {
-            // Immortalize objects marked as using deferred reference counting
-            // the first time a non-main thread is created.
-            _PyGC_ImmortalizeDeferredObjects(interp);
-        }
-#endif
     }
 
 #ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
@@ -1602,8 +1563,13 @@ new_threadstate(PyInterpreterState *interp, int whence)
 PyThreadState *
 PyThreadState_New(PyInterpreterState *interp)
 {
-    PyThreadState *tstate = new_threadstate(interp,
-                                            _PyThreadState_WHENCE_UNKNOWN);
+    return _PyThreadState_NewBound(interp, _PyThreadState_WHENCE_UNKNOWN);
+}
+
+PyThreadState *
+_PyThreadState_NewBound(PyInterpreterState *interp, int whence)
+{
+    PyThreadState *tstate = new_threadstate(interp, whence);
     if (tstate) {
         bind_tstate(tstate);
         // This makes sure there's a gilstate tstate bound
@@ -1695,6 +1661,11 @@ PyThreadState_Clear(PyThreadState *tstate)
 
     /* Don't clear tstate->pyframe: it is a borrowed reference */
 
+    Py_CLEAR(tstate->threading_local_key);
+    Py_CLEAR(tstate->threading_local_sentinel);
+
+    Py_CLEAR(((_PyThreadStateImpl *)tstate)->asyncio_running_loop);
+
     Py_CLEAR(tstate->dict);
     Py_CLEAR(tstate->async_exc);
 
@@ -1726,9 +1697,13 @@ PyThreadState_Clear(PyThreadState *tstate)
 
 #ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
     // Each thread should clear own freelists in free-threading builds.
-    struct _Py_object_freelists *freelists = _Py_object_freelists_GET();
+    struct _Py_freelists *freelists = _Py_freelists_GET();
     _PyObject_ClearFreeLists(freelists, 1);
 
+    // Merge our thread-local refcounts into the type's own refcount and
+    // free our local refcount array.
+    _PyObject_FinalizePerThreadRefcounts((_PyThreadStateImpl *)tstate);
+
     // Remove ourself from the biased reference counting table of threads.
     _Py_brc_remove_thread(tstate);
 #endif
@@ -1787,6 +1762,7 @@ tstate_delete_common(PyThreadState *tstate, int release_gil)
     _PyThreadStateImpl *tstate_impl = (_PyThreadStateImpl *)tstate;
     tstate->interp->object_state.reftotal += tstate_impl->reftotal;
     tstate_impl->reftotal = 0;
+    assert(tstate_impl->refcounts.values == NULL);
 #endif
 
     HEAD_UNLOCK(runtime);
@@ -2789,16 +2765,11 @@ PyGILState_Release(PyGILState_STATE oldstate)
     }
 
     /* We must hold the GIL and have our thread state current */
-    /* XXX - remove the check - the assert should be fine,
-       but while this is very new (April 2003), the extra check
-       by release-only users can't hurt.
-    */
     if (!holds_gil(tstate)) {
         _Py_FatalErrorFormat(__func__,
                              "thread state %p must be current when releasing",
                              tstate);
     }
-    assert(holds_gil(tstate));
     --tstate->gilstate_counter;
     assert(tstate->gilstate_counter >= 0); /* illegal counter value */
 
diff --git a/Python/pystrtod.c b/Python/pystrtod.c
index 5c8be0447ace4b..2f2b588bd147d8 100644
--- a/Python/pystrtod.c
+++ b/Python/pystrtod.c
@@ -1234,7 +1234,7 @@ char * PyOS_double_to_string(double val,
     case 'E':
         float_strings = uc_float_strings;
         format_code = 'e';
-        /* Fall through. */
+        _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
     case 'e':
         mode = 2;
         precision++;
@@ -1244,7 +1244,7 @@ char * PyOS_double_to_string(double val,
     case 'F':
         float_strings = uc_float_strings;
         format_code = 'f';
-        /* Fall through. */
+        _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
     case 'f':
         mode = 3;
         break;
@@ -1253,7 +1253,7 @@ char * PyOS_double_to_string(double val,
     case 'G':
         float_strings = uc_float_strings;
         format_code = 'g';
-        /* Fall through. */
+        _Py_FALLTHROUGH;
     case 'g':
         mode = 2;
         /* precision 0 makes no sense for 'g' format; interpret as 1 */
diff --git a/Python/pythonrun.c b/Python/pythonrun.c
index ce7f194e929c9c..8b57018321c070 100644
--- a/Python/pythonrun.c
+++ b/Python/pythonrun.c
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 #include "Python.h"
 
 #include "pycore_ast.h"           // PyAST_mod2obj()
+#include "pycore_audit.h"         // _PySys_Audit()
 #include "pycore_ceval.h"         // _Py_EnterRecursiveCall()
 #include "pycore_compile.h"       // _PyAST_Compile()
 #include "pycore_interp.h"        // PyInterpreterState.importlib
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@
 #include "pycore_pylifecycle.h"   // _Py_FdIsInteractive()
 #include "pycore_pystate.h"       // _PyInterpreterState_GET()
 #include "pycore_pythonrun.h"     // export _PyRun_InteractiveLoopObject()
-#include "pycore_sysmodule.h"     // _PySys_Audit()
+#include "pycore_sysmodule.h"     // _PySys_GetAttr()
 #include "pycore_traceback.h"     // _PyTraceBack_Print()
 
 #include "errcode.h"              // E_EOF
@@ -280,11 +281,42 @@ PyRun_InteractiveOneObjectEx(FILE *fp, PyObject *filename,
     PyObject *main_dict = PyModule_GetDict(main_module);  // borrowed ref
 
     PyObject *res = run_mod(mod, filename, main_dict, main_dict, flags, arena, interactive_src, 1);
+    Py_INCREF(interactive_src);
     _PyArena_Free(arena);
     Py_DECREF(main_module);
     if (res == NULL) {
+        PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
+        PyObject *exc = _PyErr_GetRaisedException(tstate);
+        if (PyType_IsSubtype(Py_TYPE(exc),
+                             (PyTypeObject *) PyExc_SyntaxError))
+        {
+            /* fix "text" attribute */
+            assert(interactive_src != NULL);
+            PyObject *xs = PyUnicode_Splitlines(interactive_src, 1);
+            if (xs == NULL) {
+                goto error;
+            }
+            PyObject *exc_lineno = PyObject_GetAttr(exc, &_Py_ID(lineno));
+            if (exc_lineno == NULL) {
+                Py_DECREF(xs);
+                goto error;
+            }
+            int n = PyLong_AsInt(exc_lineno);
+            Py_DECREF(exc_lineno);
+            if (n <= 0 || n > PyList_GET_SIZE(xs)) {
+                Py_DECREF(xs);
+                goto error;
+            }
+            PyObject *line = PyList_GET_ITEM(xs, n - 1);
+            PyObject_SetAttr(exc, &_Py_ID(text), line);
+            Py_DECREF(xs);
+        }
+error:
+        Py_DECREF(interactive_src);
+        _PyErr_SetRaisedException(tstate, exc);
         return -1;
     }
+    Py_DECREF(interactive_src);
     Py_DECREF(res);
 
     flush_io();
@@ -532,6 +564,30 @@ PyRun_SimpleStringFlags(const char *command, PyCompilerFlags *flags)
     return _PyRun_SimpleStringFlagsWithName(command, NULL, flags);
 }
 
+static int
+parse_exit_code(PyObject *code, int *exitcode_p)
+{
+    if (PyLong_Check(code)) {
+        // gh-125842: Use a long long to avoid an overflow error when `long`
+        // is 32-bit. We still truncate the result to an int.
+        int exitcode = (int)PyLong_AsLongLong(code);
+        if (exitcode == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+            // On overflow or other error, clear the exception and use -1
+            // as the exit code to match historical Python behavior.
+            PyErr_Clear();
+            *exitcode_p = -1;
+            return 1;
+        }
+        *exitcode_p = exitcode;
+        return 1;
+    }
+    else if (code == Py_None) {
+        *exitcode_p = 0;
+        return 1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
 int
 _Py_HandleSystemExit(int *exitcode_p)
 {
@@ -548,50 +604,40 @@ _Py_HandleSystemExit(int *exitcode_p)
 
     fflush(stdout);
 
-    int exitcode = 0;
-
     PyObject *exc = PyErr_GetRaisedException();
-    if (exc == NULL) {
-        goto done;
-    }
-    assert(PyExceptionInstance_Check(exc));
+    assert(exc != NULL && PyExceptionInstance_Check(exc));
 
-    /* The error code should be in the `code' attribute. */
     PyObject *code = PyObject_GetAttr(exc, &_Py_ID(code));
-    if (code) {
+    if (code == NULL) {
+        // If the exception has no 'code' attribute, print the exception below
+        PyErr_Clear();
+    }
+    else if (parse_exit_code(code, exitcode_p)) {
+        Py_DECREF(code);
+        Py_CLEAR(exc);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    else {
+        // If code is not an int or None, print it below
         Py_SETREF(exc, code);
-        if (exc == Py_None) {
-            goto done;
-        }
     }
-    /* If we failed to dig out the 'code' attribute,
-     * just let the else clause below print the error.
-     */
 
-    if (PyLong_Check(exc)) {
-        exitcode = (int)PyLong_AsLong(exc);
+    PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
+    PyObject *sys_stderr = _PySys_GetAttr(tstate, &_Py_ID(stderr));
+    if (sys_stderr != NULL && sys_stderr != Py_None) {
+        if (PyFile_WriteObject(exc, sys_stderr, Py_PRINT_RAW) < 0) {
+            PyErr_Clear();
+        }
     }
     else {
-        PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
-        PyObject *sys_stderr = _PySys_GetAttr(tstate, &_Py_ID(stderr));
-        /* We clear the exception here to avoid triggering the assertion
-         * in PyObject_Str that ensures it won't silently lose exception
-         * details.
-         */
-        PyErr_Clear();
-        if (sys_stderr != NULL && sys_stderr != Py_None) {
-            PyFile_WriteObject(exc, sys_stderr, Py_PRINT_RAW);
-        } else {
-            PyObject_Print(exc, stderr, Py_PRINT_RAW);
-            fflush(stderr);
+        if (PyObject_Print(exc, stderr, Py_PRINT_RAW) < 0) {
+            PyErr_Clear();
         }
-        PySys_WriteStderr("\n");
-        exitcode = 1;
+        fflush(stderr);
     }
-
-done:
+    PySys_WriteStderr("\n");
     Py_CLEAR(exc);
-    *exitcode_p = exitcode;
+    *exitcode_p = 1;
     return 1;
 }
 
diff --git a/Python/pytime.c b/Python/pytime.c
index cd76970718622f..2b37cd991ef4e4 100644
--- a/Python/pytime.c
+++ b/Python/pytime.c
@@ -387,6 +387,10 @@ pytime_object_to_denominator(PyObject *obj, time_t *sec, long *numerator,
         *sec = _PyLong_AsTime_t(obj);
         *numerator = 0;
         if (*sec == (time_t)-1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+            if (PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_TypeError)) {
+                PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
+                             "argument must be int or float, not %T", obj);
+            }
             return -1;
         }
         return 0;
diff --git a/Python/qsbr.c b/Python/qsbr.c
index a7321154a62ffc..a40219acfe2c29 100644
--- a/Python/qsbr.c
+++ b/Python/qsbr.c
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
  * Implementation of safe memory reclamation scheme using
  * quiescent states.
  *
- * This is dervied from the "GUS" safe memory reclamation technique
+ * This is derived from the "GUS" safe memory reclamation technique
  * in FreeBSD written by Jeffrey Roberson. It is heavily modified. Any bugs
  * in this code are likely due to the modifications.
  *
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ _Py_qsbr_unregister(PyThreadState *tstate)
     struct _PyThreadStateImpl *tstate_imp = (_PyThreadStateImpl*) tstate;
 
     // gh-119369: GIL must be released (if held) to prevent deadlocks, because
-    // we might not have an active tstate, which means taht blocking on PyMutex
+    // we might not have an active tstate, which means that blocking on PyMutex
     // locks will not implicitly release the GIL.
     assert(!tstate->_status.holds_gil);
 
diff --git a/Python/specialize.c b/Python/specialize.c
index 9ac428c3593f56..4b33a468733d6b 100644
--- a/Python/specialize.c
+++ b/Python/specialize.c
@@ -29,6 +29,10 @@ GCStats _py_gc_stats[NUM_GENERATIONS] = { 0 };
 static PyStats _Py_stats_struct = { .gc_stats = _py_gc_stats };
 PyStats *_Py_stats = NULL;
 
+#if PYSTATS_MAX_UOP_ID < MAX_UOP_ID
+#error "Not enough space allocated for pystats. Increase PYSTATS_MAX_UOP_ID to at least MAX_UOP_ID"
+#endif
+
 #define ADD_STAT_TO_DICT(res, field) \
     do { \
         PyObject *val = PyLong_FromUnsignedLongLong(stats->field); \
@@ -112,6 +116,7 @@ _Py_GetSpecializationStats(void) {
     err += add_stat_dict(stats, STORE_SUBSCR, "store_subscr");
     err += add_stat_dict(stats, STORE_ATTR, "store_attr");
     err += add_stat_dict(stats, CALL, "call");
+    err += add_stat_dict(stats, CALL_KW, "call_kw");
     err += add_stat_dict(stats, BINARY_OP, "binary_op");
     err += add_stat_dict(stats, COMPARE_OP, "compare_op");
     err += add_stat_dict(stats, UNPACK_SEQUENCE, "unpack_sequence");
@@ -139,8 +144,18 @@ print_spec_stats(FILE *out, OpcodeStats *stats)
     fprintf(out, "opcode[BINARY_SLICE].specializable : 1\n");
     fprintf(out, "opcode[STORE_SLICE].specializable : 1\n");
     for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
-        if (_PyOpcode_Caches[i] && i != JUMP_BACKWARD) {
-            fprintf(out, "opcode[%s].specializable : 1\n", _PyOpcode_OpName[i]);
+        if (_PyOpcode_Caches[i]) {
+            /* Ignore jumps as they cannot be specialized */
+            switch (i) {
+                case POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE:
+                case POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE:
+                case POP_JUMP_IF_NONE:
+                case POP_JUMP_IF_NOT_NONE:
+                case JUMP_BACKWARD:
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    fprintf(out, "opcode[%s].specializable : 1\n", _PyOpcode_OpName[i]);
+            }
         }
         PRINT_STAT(i, specialization.success);
         PRINT_STAT(i, specialization.failure);
@@ -190,10 +205,14 @@ print_object_stats(FILE *out, ObjectStats *stats)
     fprintf(out, "Object allocations over 4 kbytes: %" PRIu64 "\n", stats->allocations_big);
     fprintf(out, "Object frees: %" PRIu64 "\n", stats->frees);
     fprintf(out, "Object inline values: %" PRIu64 "\n", stats->inline_values);
-    fprintf(out, "Object interpreter increfs: %" PRIu64 "\n", stats->interpreter_increfs);
-    fprintf(out, "Object interpreter decrefs: %" PRIu64 "\n", stats->interpreter_decrefs);
-    fprintf(out, "Object increfs: %" PRIu64 "\n", stats->increfs);
-    fprintf(out, "Object decrefs: %" PRIu64 "\n", stats->decrefs);
+    fprintf(out, "Object interpreter mortal increfs: %" PRIu64 "\n", stats->interpreter_increfs);
+    fprintf(out, "Object interpreter mortal decrefs: %" PRIu64 "\n", stats->interpreter_decrefs);
+    fprintf(out, "Object mortal increfs: %" PRIu64 "\n", stats->increfs);
+    fprintf(out, "Object mortal decrefs: %" PRIu64 "\n", stats->decrefs);
+    fprintf(out, "Object interpreter immortal increfs: %" PRIu64 "\n", stats->interpreter_immortal_increfs);
+    fprintf(out, "Object interpreter immortal decrefs: %" PRIu64 "\n", stats->interpreter_immortal_decrefs);
+    fprintf(out, "Object immortal increfs: %" PRIu64 "\n", stats->immortal_increfs);
+    fprintf(out, "Object immortal decrefs: %" PRIu64 "\n", stats->immortal_decrefs);
     fprintf(out, "Object materialize dict (on request): %" PRIu64 "\n", stats->dict_materialized_on_request);
     fprintf(out, "Object materialize dict (new key): %" PRIu64 "\n", stats->dict_materialized_new_key);
     fprintf(out, "Object materialize dict (too big): %" PRIu64 "\n", stats->dict_materialized_too_big);
@@ -424,9 +443,9 @@ _PyCode_Quicken(PyCodeObject *code)
     #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
     int opcode = 0;
     _Py_CODEUNIT *instructions = _PyCode_CODE(code);
-    for (int i = 0; i < Py_SIZE(code); i++) {
-        opcode = _Py_GetBaseOpcode(code, i);
-        assert(opcode < MIN_INSTRUMENTED_OPCODE);
+    /* The last code unit cannot have a cache, so we don't need to check it */
+    for (int i = 0; i < Py_SIZE(code)-1; i++) {
+        opcode = instructions[i].op.code;
         int caches = _PyOpcode_Caches[opcode];
         if (caches) {
             // The initial value depends on the opcode
@@ -485,7 +504,7 @@ _PyCode_Quicken(PyCodeObject *code)
 #define SPEC_FAIL_ATTR_READ_ONLY 16
 #define SPEC_FAIL_ATTR_AUDITED_SLOT 17
 #define SPEC_FAIL_ATTR_NOT_MANAGED_DICT 18
-#define SPEC_FAIL_ATTR_NON_STRING_OR_SPLIT 19
+#define SPEC_FAIL_ATTR_NON_STRING 19
 #define SPEC_FAIL_ATTR_MODULE_ATTR_NOT_FOUND 20
 #define SPEC_FAIL_ATTR_SHADOWED 21
 #define SPEC_FAIL_ATTR_BUILTIN_CLASS_METHOD 22
@@ -500,6 +519,8 @@ _PyCode_Quicken(PyCodeObject *code)
 #define SPEC_FAIL_ATTR_CLASS_ATTR_SIMPLE 31
 #define SPEC_FAIL_ATTR_CLASS_ATTR_DESCRIPTOR 32
 #define SPEC_FAIL_ATTR_BUILTIN_CLASS_METHOD_OBJ 33
+#define SPEC_FAIL_ATTR_METACLASS_OVERRIDDEN 34
+#define SPEC_FAIL_ATTR_SPLIT_DICT 35
 
 /* Binary subscr and store subscr */
 
@@ -558,8 +579,6 @@ _PyCode_Quicken(PyCodeObject *code)
 #define SPEC_FAIL_CALL_INIT_NOT_PYTHON 21
 #define SPEC_FAIL_CALL_PEP_523 22
 #define SPEC_FAIL_CALL_BOUND_METHOD 23
-#define SPEC_FAIL_CALL_STR 24
-#define SPEC_FAIL_CALL_CLASS_NO_VECTORCALL 25
 #define SPEC_FAIL_CALL_CLASS_MUTABLE 26
 #define SPEC_FAIL_CALL_METHOD_WRAPPER 28
 #define SPEC_FAIL_CALL_OPERATOR_WRAPPER 29
@@ -637,14 +656,14 @@ specialize_module_load_attr(
 ) {
     _PyAttrCache *cache = (_PyAttrCache *)(instr + 1);
     PyModuleObject *m = (PyModuleObject *)owner;
-    assert((owner->ob_type->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT) == 0);
+    assert((Py_TYPE(owner)->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT) == 0);
     PyDictObject *dict = (PyDictObject *)m->md_dict;
     if (dict == NULL) {
         SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(LOAD_ATTR, SPEC_FAIL_NO_DICT);
         return -1;
     }
     if (dict->ma_keys->dk_kind != DICT_KEYS_UNICODE) {
-        SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(LOAD_ATTR, SPEC_FAIL_ATTR_NON_STRING_OR_SPLIT);
+        SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(LOAD_ATTR, SPEC_FAIL_ATTR_NON_STRING);
         return -1;
     }
     Py_ssize_t index = _PyDict_LookupIndex(dict, &_Py_ID(__getattr__));
@@ -679,7 +698,10 @@ specialize_module_load_attr(
 /* Attribute specialization */
 
 void
-_Py_Specialize_LoadSuperAttr(PyObject *global_super, PyObject *cls, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr, int load_method) {
+_Py_Specialize_LoadSuperAttr(_PyStackRef global_super_st, _PyStackRef cls_st, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr, int load_method) {
+    PyObject *global_super = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(global_super_st);
+    PyObject *cls = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(cls_st);
+
     assert(ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION);
     assert(_PyOpcode_Caches[LOAD_SUPER_ATTR] == INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_SUPER_ATTR);
     _PySuperAttrCache *cache = (_PySuperAttrCache *)(instr + 1);
@@ -724,6 +746,48 @@ typedef enum {
 } DescriptorClassification;
 
 
+static DescriptorClassification
+classify_descriptor(PyObject *descriptor, bool has_getattr)
+{
+    if (descriptor == NULL) {
+        return ABSENT;
+    }
+    PyTypeObject *desc_cls = Py_TYPE(descriptor);
+    if (!(desc_cls->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_IMMUTABLETYPE)) {
+        return MUTABLE;
+    }
+    if (desc_cls->tp_descr_set) {
+        if (desc_cls == &PyMemberDescr_Type) {
+            PyMemberDescrObject *member = (PyMemberDescrObject *)descriptor;
+            struct PyMemberDef *dmem = member->d_member;
+            if (dmem->type == Py_T_OBJECT_EX || dmem->type == _Py_T_OBJECT) {
+                return OBJECT_SLOT;
+            }
+            return OTHER_SLOT;
+        }
+        if (desc_cls == &PyProperty_Type) {
+            /* We can't detect at runtime whether an attribute exists
+               with property. So that means we may have to call
+               __getattr__. */
+            return has_getattr ? GETSET_OVERRIDDEN : PROPERTY;
+        }
+        return OVERRIDING;
+    }
+    if (desc_cls->tp_descr_get) {
+        if (desc_cls->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR) {
+            return METHOD;
+        }
+        if (Py_IS_TYPE(descriptor, &PyClassMethodDescr_Type)) {
+            return BUILTIN_CLASSMETHOD;
+        }
+        if (Py_IS_TYPE(descriptor, &PyClassMethod_Type)) {
+            return PYTHON_CLASSMETHOD;
+        }
+        return NON_OVERRIDING;
+    }
+    return NON_DESCRIPTOR;
+}
+
 static DescriptorClassification
 analyze_descriptor(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *name, PyObject **descr, int store)
 {
@@ -777,50 +841,12 @@ analyze_descriptor(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *name, PyObject **descr, int sto
     }
     PyObject *descriptor = _PyType_Lookup(type, name);
     *descr = descriptor;
-    if (descriptor == NULL) {
-        return ABSENT;
-    }
-    PyTypeObject *desc_cls = Py_TYPE(descriptor);
-    if (!(desc_cls->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_IMMUTABLETYPE)) {
-        return MUTABLE;
-    }
-    if (desc_cls->tp_descr_set) {
-        if (desc_cls == &PyMemberDescr_Type) {
-            PyMemberDescrObject *member = (PyMemberDescrObject *)descriptor;
-            struct PyMemberDef *dmem = member->d_member;
-            if (dmem->type == Py_T_OBJECT_EX || dmem->type == _Py_T_OBJECT) {
-                return OBJECT_SLOT;
-            }
-            return OTHER_SLOT;
-        }
-        if (desc_cls == &PyProperty_Type) {
-            /* We can't detect at runtime whether an attribute exists
-               with property. So that means we may have to call
-               __getattr__. */
-            return has_getattr ? GETSET_OVERRIDDEN : PROPERTY;
-        }
-        if (PyUnicode_CompareWithASCIIString(name, "__class__") == 0) {
-            if (descriptor == _PyType_Lookup(&PyBaseObject_Type, name)) {
-                return DUNDER_CLASS;
-            }
-        }
-        if (store) {
-            return OVERRIDING;
+    if (PyUnicode_CompareWithASCIIString(name, "__class__") == 0) {
+        if (descriptor == _PyType_Lookup(&PyBaseObject_Type, name)) {
+            return DUNDER_CLASS;
         }
     }
-    if (desc_cls->tp_descr_get) {
-        if (desc_cls->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR) {
-            return METHOD;
-        }
-        if (Py_IS_TYPE(descriptor, &PyClassMethodDescr_Type)) {
-            return BUILTIN_CLASSMETHOD;
-        }
-        if (Py_IS_TYPE(descriptor, &PyClassMethod_Type)) {
-            return PYTHON_CLASSMETHOD;
-        }
-        return NON_OVERRIDING;
-    }
-    return NON_DESCRIPTOR;
+    return classify_descriptor(descriptor, has_getattr);
 }
 
 static int
@@ -830,7 +856,8 @@ specialize_dict_access(
     int base_op, int values_op, int hint_op)
 {
     assert(kind == NON_OVERRIDING || kind == NON_DESCRIPTOR || kind == ABSENT ||
-        kind == BUILTIN_CLASSMETHOD || kind == PYTHON_CLASSMETHOD);
+        kind == BUILTIN_CLASSMETHOD || kind == PYTHON_CLASSMETHOD ||
+        kind == METHOD);
     // No descriptor, or non overriding.
     if ((type->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT) == 0) {
         SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(base_op, SPEC_FAIL_ATTR_NOT_MANAGED_DICT);
@@ -842,15 +869,19 @@ specialize_dict_access(
         assert(PyUnicode_CheckExact(name));
         Py_ssize_t index = _PyDictKeys_StringLookup(keys, name);
         assert (index != DKIX_ERROR);
-        if (index != (uint16_t)index) {
-            SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(base_op,
-                                index == DKIX_EMPTY ?
-                                SPEC_FAIL_ATTR_NOT_IN_KEYS :
-                                SPEC_FAIL_OUT_OF_RANGE);
+        if (index == DKIX_EMPTY) {
+            SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(base_op, SPEC_FAIL_ATTR_NOT_IN_KEYS);
+            return 0;
+        }
+        assert(index >= 0);
+        char *value_addr = (char *)&_PyObject_InlineValues(owner)->values[index];
+        Py_ssize_t offset = value_addr - (char *)owner;
+        if (offset != (uint16_t)offset) {
+            SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(base_op, SPEC_FAIL_OUT_OF_RANGE);
             return 0;
         }
         write_u32(cache->version, type->tp_version_tag);
-        cache->index = (uint16_t)index;
+        cache->index = (uint16_t)offset;
         instr->op.code = values_op;
     }
     else {
@@ -861,7 +892,7 @@ specialize_dict_access(
         }
         // We found an instance with a __dict__.
         if (dict->ma_values) {
-            SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(base_op, SPEC_FAIL_ATTR_NON_STRING_OR_SPLIT);
+            SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(base_op, SPEC_FAIL_ATTR_SPLIT_DICT);
             return 0;
         }
         Py_ssize_t index =
@@ -884,55 +915,69 @@ static int specialize_attr_loadclassattr(PyObject* owner, _Py_CODEUNIT* instr, P
     PyObject* descr, DescriptorClassification kind, bool is_method);
 static int specialize_class_load_attr(PyObject* owner, _Py_CODEUNIT* instr, PyObject* name);
 
-void
-_Py_Specialize_LoadAttr(PyObject *owner, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr, PyObject *name)
+/* Returns true if instances of obj's class are
+ * likely to have `name` in their __dict__.
+ * For objects with inline values, we check in the shared keys.
+ * For other objects, we check their actual dictionary.
+ */
+static bool
+instance_has_key(PyObject *obj, PyObject* name)
 {
-    assert(ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION);
-    assert(_PyOpcode_Caches[LOAD_ATTR] == INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_ATTR);
-    _PyAttrCache *cache = (_PyAttrCache *)(instr + 1);
-    PyTypeObject *type = Py_TYPE(owner);
-    if (!_PyType_IsReady(type)) {
-        // We *might* not really need this check, but we inherited it from
-        // PyObject_GenericGetAttr and friends... and this way we still do the
-        // right thing if someone forgets to call PyType_Ready(type):
-        SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(LOAD_ATTR, SPEC_FAIL_OTHER);
-        goto fail;
+    PyTypeObject *cls = Py_TYPE(obj);
+    if ((cls->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT) == 0) {
+        return false;
     }
-    if (PyModule_CheckExact(owner)) {
-        if (specialize_module_load_attr(owner, instr, name))
-        {
-            goto fail;
-        }
-        goto success;
+    if (cls->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_INLINE_VALUES) {
+        PyDictKeysObject *keys = ((PyHeapTypeObject *)cls)->ht_cached_keys;
+        Py_ssize_t index = _PyDictKeys_StringLookup(keys, name);
+        return index >= 0;
     }
-    if (PyType_Check(owner)) {
-        if (specialize_class_load_attr(owner, instr, name)) {
-            goto fail;
-        }
-        goto success;
+    PyDictObject *dict = _PyObject_GetManagedDict(obj);
+    if (dict == NULL || !PyDict_CheckExact(dict)) {
+        return false;
     }
+    if (dict->ma_values) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    Py_ssize_t index = _PyDict_LookupIndex(dict, name);
+    if (index < 0) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+static int
+specialize_instance_load_attr(PyObject* owner, _Py_CODEUNIT* instr, PyObject* name)
+{
+    _PyAttrCache *cache = (_PyAttrCache *)(instr + 1);
+    PyTypeObject *type = Py_TYPE(owner);
+    bool shadow = instance_has_key(owner, name);
     PyObject *descr = NULL;
     DescriptorClassification kind = analyze_descriptor(type, name, &descr, 0);
     assert(descr != NULL || kind == ABSENT || kind == GETSET_OVERRIDDEN);
     if (type_get_version(type, LOAD_ATTR) == 0) {
-        goto fail;
+        return -1;
     }
     switch(kind) {
         case OVERRIDING:
             SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(LOAD_ATTR, SPEC_FAIL_ATTR_OVERRIDING_DESCRIPTOR);
-            goto fail;
+            return -1;
         case METHOD:
         {
+            if (shadow) {
+                goto try_instance;
+            }
             int oparg = instr->op.arg;
             if (oparg & 1) {
                 if (specialize_attr_loadclassattr(owner, instr, name, descr, kind, true)) {
-                    goto success;
+                    return 0;
+                }
+                else {
+                    return -1;
                 }
             }
-            else {
-                SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(LOAD_ATTR, SPEC_FAIL_ATTR_METHOD);
-            }
-            goto fail;
+            SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(LOAD_ATTR, SPEC_FAIL_ATTR_METHOD);
+            return -1;
         }
         case PROPERTY:
         {
@@ -941,34 +986,29 @@ _Py_Specialize_LoadAttr(PyObject *owner, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr, PyObject *name)
             PyObject *fget = ((_PyPropertyObject *)descr)->prop_get;
             if (fget == NULL) {
                 SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(LOAD_ATTR, SPEC_FAIL_EXPECTED_ERROR);
-                goto fail;
+                return -1;
             }
             if (!Py_IS_TYPE(fget, &PyFunction_Type)) {
                 SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(LOAD_ATTR, SPEC_FAIL_ATTR_PROPERTY_NOT_PY_FUNCTION);
-                goto fail;
+                return -1;
             }
             if (!function_check_args(fget, 1, LOAD_ATTR)) {
-                goto fail;
+                return -1;
             }
             if (instr->op.arg & 1) {
                 SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(LOAD_ATTR, SPEC_FAIL_ATTR_METHOD);
-                goto fail;
-            }
-            uint32_t version = function_get_version(fget, LOAD_ATTR);
-            if (version == 0) {
-                goto fail;
+                return -1;
             }
             if (_PyInterpreterState_GET()->eval_frame) {
                 SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(LOAD_ATTR, SPEC_FAIL_OTHER);
-                goto fail;
+                return -1;
             }
-            write_u32(lm_cache->keys_version, version);
             assert(type->tp_version_tag != 0);
             write_u32(lm_cache->type_version, type->tp_version_tag);
             /* borrowed */
             write_obj(lm_cache->descr, fget);
             instr->op.code = LOAD_ATTR_PROPERTY;
-            goto success;
+            return 0;
         }
         case OBJECT_SLOT:
         {
@@ -977,22 +1017,22 @@ _Py_Specialize_LoadAttr(PyObject *owner, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr, PyObject *name)
             Py_ssize_t offset = dmem->offset;
             if (!PyObject_TypeCheck(owner, member->d_common.d_type)) {
                 SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(LOAD_ATTR, SPEC_FAIL_EXPECTED_ERROR);
-                goto fail;
+                return -1;
             }
             if (dmem->flags & Py_AUDIT_READ) {
                 SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(LOAD_ATTR, SPEC_FAIL_ATTR_AUDITED_SLOT);
-                goto fail;
+                return -1;
             }
             if (offset != (uint16_t)offset) {
                 SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(LOAD_ATTR, SPEC_FAIL_OUT_OF_RANGE);
-                goto fail;
+                return -1;
             }
             assert(dmem->type == Py_T_OBJECT_EX || dmem->type == _Py_T_OBJECT);
             assert(offset > 0);
             cache->index = (uint16_t)offset;
             write_u32(cache->version, type->tp_version_tag);
             instr->op.code = LOAD_ATTR_SLOT;
-            goto success;
+            return 0;
         }
         case DUNDER_CLASS:
         {
@@ -1001,88 +1041,122 @@ _Py_Specialize_LoadAttr(PyObject *owner, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr, PyObject *name)
             cache->index = (uint16_t)offset;
             write_u32(cache->version, type->tp_version_tag);
             instr->op.code = LOAD_ATTR_SLOT;
-            goto success;
+            return 0;
         }
         case OTHER_SLOT:
             SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(LOAD_ATTR, SPEC_FAIL_ATTR_NON_OBJECT_SLOT);
-            goto fail;
+            return -1;
         case MUTABLE:
             SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(LOAD_ATTR, SPEC_FAIL_ATTR_MUTABLE_CLASS);
-            goto fail;
+            return -1;
         case GETSET_OVERRIDDEN:
             SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(LOAD_ATTR, SPEC_FAIL_OVERRIDDEN);
-            goto fail;
+            return -1;
         case GETATTRIBUTE_IS_PYTHON_FUNCTION:
         {
             assert(type->tp_getattro == _Py_slot_tp_getattro);
             assert(Py_IS_TYPE(descr, &PyFunction_Type));
             _PyLoadMethodCache *lm_cache = (_PyLoadMethodCache *)(instr + 1);
             if (!function_check_args(descr, 2, LOAD_ATTR)) {
-                goto fail;
+                return -1;
             }
             if (instr->op.arg & 1) {
                 SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(LOAD_ATTR, SPEC_FAIL_ATTR_METHOD);
-                goto fail;
+                return -1;
             }
             uint32_t version = function_get_version(descr, LOAD_ATTR);
             if (version == 0) {
-                goto fail;
+                return -1;
             }
             if (_PyInterpreterState_GET()->eval_frame) {
                 SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(LOAD_ATTR, SPEC_FAIL_OTHER);
-                goto fail;
+                return -1;
             }
             write_u32(lm_cache->keys_version, version);
             /* borrowed */
             write_obj(lm_cache->descr, descr);
             write_u32(lm_cache->type_version, type->tp_version_tag);
             instr->op.code = LOAD_ATTR_GETATTRIBUTE_OVERRIDDEN;
-            goto success;
+            return 0;
         }
         case BUILTIN_CLASSMETHOD:
-            SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(LOAD_ATTR, SPEC_FAIL_ATTR_BUILTIN_CLASS_METHOD_OBJ);
-            goto fail;
         case PYTHON_CLASSMETHOD:
-            SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(LOAD_ATTR, SPEC_FAIL_ATTR_CLASS_METHOD_OBJ);
-            goto fail;
         case NON_OVERRIDING:
-            SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(LOAD_ATTR,
-                                (type->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT) ?
-                                SPEC_FAIL_ATTR_CLASS_ATTR_DESCRIPTOR :
-                                SPEC_FAIL_ATTR_NOT_MANAGED_DICT);
-            goto fail;
+            if (shadow) {
+                goto try_instance;
+            }
+            return -1;
         case NON_DESCRIPTOR:
+            if (shadow) {
+                goto try_instance;
+            }
             if ((instr->op.arg & 1) == 0) {
                 if (specialize_attr_loadclassattr(owner, instr, name, descr, kind, false)) {
-                    goto success;
+                    return 0;
                 }
             }
-            else {
-                SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(LOAD_ATTR, SPEC_FAIL_ATTR_CLASS_ATTR_SIMPLE);
-            }
-            goto fail;
+            return -1;
         case ABSENT:
-            if (specialize_dict_access(owner, instr, type, kind, name, LOAD_ATTR,
-                                    LOAD_ATTR_INSTANCE_VALUE, LOAD_ATTR_WITH_HINT))
-            {
-                goto success;
+            if (shadow) {
+                goto try_instance;
             }
+            return 0;
     }
-fail:
-    STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, failure);
-    assert(!PyErr_Occurred());
-    instr->op.code = LOAD_ATTR;
-    cache->counter = adaptive_counter_backoff(cache->counter);
-    return;
-success:
-    STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, success);
-    assert(!PyErr_Occurred());
-    cache->counter = adaptive_counter_cooldown();
+    Py_UNREACHABLE();
+try_instance:
+    if (specialize_dict_access(owner, instr, type, kind, name, LOAD_ATTR,
+                                    LOAD_ATTR_INSTANCE_VALUE, LOAD_ATTR_WITH_HINT))
+    {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    return -1;
 }
 
 void
-_Py_Specialize_StoreAttr(PyObject *owner, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr, PyObject *name)
+_Py_Specialize_LoadAttr(_PyStackRef owner_st, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr, PyObject *name)
 {
+    _PyAttrCache *cache = (_PyAttrCache *)(instr + 1);
+    PyObject *owner = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner_st);
+
+    assert(ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION);
+    assert(_PyOpcode_Caches[LOAD_ATTR] == INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_ATTR);
+    PyTypeObject *type = Py_TYPE(owner);
+    bool fail;
+    if (!_PyType_IsReady(type)) {
+        // We *might* not really need this check, but we inherited it from
+        // PyObject_GenericGetAttr and friends... and this way we still do the
+        // right thing if someone forgets to call PyType_Ready(type):
+        SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(LOAD_ATTR, SPEC_FAIL_OTHER);
+        fail = true;
+    }
+    else if (PyModule_CheckExact(owner)) {
+        fail = specialize_module_load_attr(owner, instr, name);
+    }
+    else if (PyType_Check(owner)) {
+        fail = specialize_class_load_attr(owner, instr, name);
+    }
+    else {
+        fail = specialize_instance_load_attr(owner, instr, name);
+    }
+
+    if (fail) {
+        STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, failure);
+        assert(!PyErr_Occurred());
+        instr->op.code = LOAD_ATTR;
+        cache->counter = adaptive_counter_backoff(cache->counter);
+    }
+    else {
+        STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, success);
+        assert(!PyErr_Occurred());
+        cache->counter = adaptive_counter_cooldown();
+    }
+}
+
+void
+_Py_Specialize_StoreAttr(_PyStackRef owner_st, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr, PyObject *name)
+{
+    PyObject *owner = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner_st);
+
     assert(ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION);
     assert(_PyOpcode_Caches[STORE_ATTR] == INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_STORE_ATTR);
     _PyAttrCache *cache = (_PyAttrCache *)(instr + 1);
@@ -1221,23 +1295,52 @@ static int
 specialize_class_load_attr(PyObject *owner, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr,
                              PyObject *name)
 {
+    assert(PyType_Check(owner));
+    PyTypeObject *cls = (PyTypeObject *)owner;
     _PyLoadMethodCache *cache = (_PyLoadMethodCache *)(instr + 1);
-    if (!PyType_CheckExact(owner) || _PyType_Lookup(Py_TYPE(owner), name)) {
-        SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(LOAD_ATTR, SPEC_FAIL_ATTR_METACLASS_ATTRIBUTE);
+    if (Py_TYPE(cls)->tp_getattro != _Py_type_getattro) {
+        SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(LOAD_ATTR, SPEC_FAIL_ATTR_METACLASS_OVERRIDDEN);
         return -1;
     }
+    PyObject *metadescriptor = _PyType_Lookup(Py_TYPE(cls), name);
+    DescriptorClassification metakind = classify_descriptor(metadescriptor, false);
+    switch (metakind) {
+        case METHOD:
+        case NON_DESCRIPTOR:
+        case NON_OVERRIDING:
+        case BUILTIN_CLASSMETHOD:
+        case PYTHON_CLASSMETHOD:
+        case ABSENT:
+            break;
+        default:
+            SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(LOAD_ATTR, SPEC_FAIL_ATTR_METACLASS_ATTRIBUTE);
+            return -1;
+    }
     PyObject *descr = NULL;
     DescriptorClassification kind = 0;
-    kind = analyze_descriptor((PyTypeObject *)owner, name, &descr, 0);
-    if (type_get_version((PyTypeObject *)owner, LOAD_ATTR) == 0) {
+    kind = analyze_descriptor(cls, name, &descr, 0);
+    if (type_get_version(cls, LOAD_ATTR) == 0) {
         return -1;
     }
+    bool metaclass_check = false;
+    if ((Py_TYPE(cls)->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_IMMUTABLETYPE) == 0) {
+        metaclass_check = true;
+        if (type_get_version(Py_TYPE(cls), LOAD_ATTR) == 0) {
+            return -1;
+        }
+    }
     switch (kind) {
         case METHOD:
         case NON_DESCRIPTOR:
-            write_u32(cache->type_version, ((PyTypeObject *)owner)->tp_version_tag);
+            write_u32(cache->type_version, cls->tp_version_tag);
             write_obj(cache->descr, descr);
-            instr->op.code = LOAD_ATTR_CLASS;
+            if (metaclass_check) {
+                write_u32(cache->keys_version, Py_TYPE(cls)->tp_version_tag);
+                instr->op.code = LOAD_ATTR_CLASS_WITH_METACLASS_CHECK;
+            }
+            else {
+                instr->op.code = LOAD_ATTR_CLASS;
+            }
             return 0;
 #ifdef Py_STATS
         case ABSENT:
@@ -1264,11 +1367,7 @@ PyObject *descr, DescriptorClassification kind, bool is_method)
     assert((is_method && kind == METHOD) || (!is_method && kind == NON_DESCRIPTOR));
     if (owner_cls->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_INLINE_VALUES) {
         PyDictKeysObject *keys = ((PyHeapTypeObject *)owner_cls)->ht_cached_keys;
-        Py_ssize_t index = _PyDictKeys_StringLookup(keys, name);
-        if (index != DKIX_EMPTY) {
-            SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(LOAD_ATTR, SPEC_FAIL_ATTR_SHADOWED);
-            return 0;
-        }
+        assert(_PyDictKeys_StringLookup(keys, name) < 0);
         uint32_t keys_version = _PyDictKeys_GetVersionForCurrentState(
                 _PyInterpreterState_GET(), keys);
         if (keys_version == 0) {
@@ -1301,7 +1400,7 @@ PyObject *descr, DescriptorClassification kind, bool is_method)
             }
             /* Cache entries must be unsigned values, so we offset the
              * dictoffset by MANAGED_DICT_OFFSET.
-             * We do the reverese offset in LOAD_ATTR_METHOD_LAZY_DICT */
+             * We do the reverse offset in LOAD_ATTR_METHOD_LAZY_DICT */
             dictoffset -= MANAGED_DICT_OFFSET;
             assert(((uint16_t)dictoffset) == dictoffset);
             cache->dict_offset = (uint16_t)dictoffset;
@@ -1500,7 +1599,7 @@ function_get_version(PyObject *o, int opcode)
     assert(Py_IS_TYPE(o, &PyFunction_Type));
     PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)o;
     uint32_t version = _PyFunction_GetVersionForCurrentState(func);
-    if (version == 0) {
+    if (!_PyFunction_IsVersionValid(version)) {
         SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(opcode, SPEC_FAIL_OUT_OF_VERSIONS);
         return 0;
     }
@@ -1521,8 +1620,11 @@ type_get_version(PyTypeObject *t, int opcode)
 
 void
 _Py_Specialize_BinarySubscr(
-     PyObject *container, PyObject *sub, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr)
+     _PyStackRef container_st, _PyStackRef sub_st, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr)
 {
+    PyObject *container = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(container_st);
+    PyObject *sub = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(sub_st);
+
     assert(ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION);
     assert(_PyOpcode_Caches[BINARY_SUBSCR] ==
            INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_BINARY_SUBSCR);
@@ -1590,7 +1692,7 @@ _Py_Specialize_BinarySubscr(
             goto fail;
         }
         uint32_t version = _PyFunction_GetVersionForCurrentState(func);
-        if (version == 0) {
+        if (!_PyFunction_IsVersionValid(version)) {
             SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(BINARY_SUBSCR, SPEC_FAIL_OUT_OF_VERSIONS);
             goto fail;
         }
@@ -1621,8 +1723,11 @@ _Py_Specialize_BinarySubscr(
 }
 
 void
-_Py_Specialize_StoreSubscr(PyObject *container, PyObject *sub, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr)
+_Py_Specialize_StoreSubscr(_PyStackRef container_st, _PyStackRef sub_st, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr)
 {
+    PyObject *container = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(container_st);
+    PyObject *sub = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(sub_st);
+
     assert(ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION);
     _PyStoreSubscrCache *cache = (_PyStoreSubscrCache *)(instr + 1);
     PyTypeObject *container_type = Py_TYPE(container);
@@ -1784,9 +1889,7 @@ specialize_class_call(PyObject *callable, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr, int nargs)
             instr->op.code = CALL_BUILTIN_CLASS;
             return 0;
         }
-        SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(CALL, tp == &PyUnicode_Type ?
-            SPEC_FAIL_CALL_STR : SPEC_FAIL_CALL_CLASS_NO_VECTORCALL);
-        return -1;
+        goto generic;
     }
     if (Py_TYPE(tp) != &PyType_Type) {
         goto generic;
@@ -1797,10 +1900,6 @@ specialize_class_call(PyObject *callable, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr, int nargs)
             return -1;
         }
         if (init != NULL) {
-            if (((PyCodeObject *)init->func_code)->co_argcount != nargs+1) {
-                SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(CALL, SPEC_FAIL_WRONG_NUMBER_ARGUMENTS);
-                return -1;
-            }
             _PyCallCache *cache = (_PyCallCache *)(instr + 1);
             write_u32(cache->func_version, tp->tp_version_tag);
             _Py_SET_OPCODE(*instr, CALL_ALLOC_AND_ENTER_INIT);
@@ -1878,7 +1977,7 @@ specialize_py_call(PyFunctionObject *func, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr, int nargs,
         argcount = code->co_argcount;
     }
     int version = _PyFunction_GetVersionForCurrentState(func);
-    if (version == 0) {
+    if (!_PyFunction_IsVersionValid(version)) {
         SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(CALL, SPEC_FAIL_OUT_OF_VERSIONS);
         return -1;
     }
@@ -1892,6 +1991,33 @@ specialize_py_call(PyFunctionObject *func, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr, int nargs,
     return 0;
 }
 
+
+static int
+specialize_py_call_kw(PyFunctionObject *func, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr, int nargs,
+                   bool bound_method)
+{
+    _PyCallCache *cache = (_PyCallCache *)(instr + 1);
+    PyCodeObject *code = (PyCodeObject *)func->func_code;
+    int kind = function_kind(code);
+    /* Don't specialize if PEP 523 is active */
+    if (_PyInterpreterState_GET()->eval_frame) {
+        SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(CALL, SPEC_FAIL_CALL_PEP_523);
+        return -1;
+    }
+    if (kind == SPEC_FAIL_CODE_NOT_OPTIMIZED) {
+        SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(CALL, SPEC_FAIL_CODE_NOT_OPTIMIZED);
+        return -1;
+    }
+    int version = _PyFunction_GetVersionForCurrentState(func);
+    if (!_PyFunction_IsVersionValid(version)) {
+        SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(CALL, SPEC_FAIL_OUT_OF_VERSIONS);
+        return -1;
+    }
+    write_u32(cache->func_version, version);
+    instr->op.code = bound_method ? CALL_KW_BOUND_METHOD : CALL_KW_PY;
+    return 0;
+}
+
 static int
 specialize_c_call(PyObject *callable, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr, int nargs)
 {
@@ -1939,8 +2065,10 @@ specialize_c_call(PyObject *callable, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr, int nargs)
 }
 
 void
-_Py_Specialize_Call(PyObject *callable, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr, int nargs)
+_Py_Specialize_Call(_PyStackRef callable_st, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr, int nargs)
 {
+    PyObject *callable = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable_st);
+
     assert(ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION);
     assert(_PyOpcode_Caches[CALL] == INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL);
     assert(_Py_OPCODE(*instr) != INSTRUMENTED_CALL);
@@ -1985,6 +2113,46 @@ _Py_Specialize_Call(PyObject *callable, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr, int nargs)
     }
 }
 
+void
+_Py_Specialize_CallKw(_PyStackRef callable_st, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr, int nargs)
+{
+    PyObject *callable = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable_st);
+
+    assert(ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION);
+    assert(_PyOpcode_Caches[CALL_KW] == INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL_KW);
+    assert(_Py_OPCODE(*instr) != INSTRUMENTED_CALL_KW);
+    _PyCallCache *cache = (_PyCallCache *)(instr + 1);
+    int fail;
+    if (PyFunction_Check(callable)) {
+        fail = specialize_py_call_kw((PyFunctionObject *)callable, instr, nargs, false);
+    }
+    else if (PyMethod_Check(callable)) {
+        PyObject *func = ((PyMethodObject *)callable)->im_func;
+        if (PyFunction_Check(func)) {
+            fail = specialize_py_call_kw((PyFunctionObject *)func, instr, nargs, true);
+        }
+        else {
+            SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(CALL_KW, SPEC_FAIL_CALL_BOUND_METHOD);
+            fail = -1;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        instr->op.code = CALL_KW_NON_PY;
+        fail = 0;
+    }
+    if (fail) {
+        STAT_INC(CALL, failure);
+        assert(!PyErr_Occurred());
+        instr->op.code = CALL_KW;
+        cache->counter = adaptive_counter_backoff(cache->counter);
+    }
+    else {
+        STAT_INC(CALL, success);
+        assert(!PyErr_Occurred());
+        cache->counter = adaptive_counter_cooldown();
+    }
+}
+
 #ifdef Py_STATS
 static int
 binary_op_fail_kind(int oparg, PyObject *lhs, PyObject *rhs)
@@ -2056,9 +2224,11 @@ binary_op_fail_kind(int oparg, PyObject *lhs, PyObject *rhs)
 #endif   // Py_STATS
 
 void
-_Py_Specialize_BinaryOp(PyObject *lhs, PyObject *rhs, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr,
-                        int oparg, PyObject **locals)
+_Py_Specialize_BinaryOp(_PyStackRef lhs_st, _PyStackRef rhs_st, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr,
+                        int oparg, _PyStackRef *locals)
 {
+    PyObject *lhs = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(lhs_st);
+    PyObject *rhs = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(rhs_st);
     assert(ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION);
     assert(_PyOpcode_Caches[BINARY_OP] == INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_BINARY_OP);
     _PyBinaryOpCache *cache = (_PyBinaryOpCache *)(instr + 1);
@@ -2071,7 +2241,7 @@ _Py_Specialize_BinaryOp(PyObject *lhs, PyObject *rhs, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr,
             if (PyUnicode_CheckExact(lhs)) {
                 _Py_CODEUNIT next = instr[INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_BINARY_OP + 1];
                 bool to_store = (next.op.code == STORE_FAST);
-                if (to_store && locals[next.op.arg] == lhs) {
+                if (to_store && PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(locals[next.op.arg]) == lhs) {
                     instr->op.code = BINARY_OP_INPLACE_ADD_UNICODE;
                     goto success;
                 }
@@ -2163,9 +2333,12 @@ compare_op_fail_kind(PyObject *lhs, PyObject *rhs)
 #endif   // Py_STATS
 
 void
-_Py_Specialize_CompareOp(PyObject *lhs, PyObject *rhs, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr,
+_Py_Specialize_CompareOp(_PyStackRef lhs_st, _PyStackRef rhs_st, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr,
                          int oparg)
 {
+    PyObject *lhs = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(lhs_st);
+    PyObject *rhs = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(rhs_st);
+
     assert(ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION);
     assert(_PyOpcode_Caches[COMPARE_OP] == INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_COMPARE_OP);
     // All of these specializations compute boolean values, so they're all valid
@@ -2226,8 +2399,10 @@ unpack_sequence_fail_kind(PyObject *seq)
 #endif   // Py_STATS
 
 void
-_Py_Specialize_UnpackSequence(PyObject *seq, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr, int oparg)
+_Py_Specialize_UnpackSequence(_PyStackRef seq_st, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr, int oparg)
 {
+    PyObject *seq = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(seq_st);
+
     assert(ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION);
     assert(_PyOpcode_Caches[UNPACK_SEQUENCE] ==
            INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_UNPACK_SEQUENCE);
@@ -2337,12 +2512,13 @@ int
 #endif   // Py_STATS
 
 void
-_Py_Specialize_ForIter(PyObject *iter, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr, int oparg)
+_Py_Specialize_ForIter(_PyStackRef iter, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr, int oparg)
 {
     assert(ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION);
     assert(_PyOpcode_Caches[FOR_ITER] == INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_FOR_ITER);
     _PyForIterCache *cache = (_PyForIterCache *)(instr + 1);
-    PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(iter);
+    PyObject *iter_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(iter);
+    PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(iter_o);
     if (tp == &PyListIter_Type) {
         instr->op.code = FOR_ITER_LIST;
         goto success;
@@ -2367,7 +2543,7 @@ _Py_Specialize_ForIter(PyObject *iter, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr, int oparg)
         goto success;
     }
     SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(FOR_ITER,
-                        _PySpecialization_ClassifyIterator(iter));
+                        _PySpecialization_ClassifyIterator(iter_o));
 failure:
     STAT_INC(FOR_ITER, failure);
     instr->op.code = FOR_ITER;
@@ -2379,8 +2555,10 @@ _Py_Specialize_ForIter(PyObject *iter, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr, int oparg)
 }
 
 void
-_Py_Specialize_Send(PyObject *receiver, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr)
+_Py_Specialize_Send(_PyStackRef receiver_st, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr)
 {
+    PyObject *receiver = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(receiver_st);
+
     assert(ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION);
     assert(_PyOpcode_Caches[SEND] == INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_SEND);
     _PySendCache *cache = (_PySendCache *)(instr + 1);
@@ -2406,11 +2584,12 @@ _Py_Specialize_Send(PyObject *receiver, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr)
 }
 
 void
-_Py_Specialize_ToBool(PyObject *value, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr)
+_Py_Specialize_ToBool(_PyStackRef value_o, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr)
 {
     assert(ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION);
     assert(_PyOpcode_Caches[TO_BOOL] == INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_TO_BOOL);
     _PyToBoolCache *cache = (_PyToBoolCache *)(instr + 1);
+    PyObject *value = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(value_o);
     if (PyBool_Check(value)) {
         instr->op.code = TO_BOOL_BOOL;
         goto success;
@@ -2520,8 +2699,10 @@ static int containsop_fail_kind(PyObject *value) {
 #endif   // Py_STATS
 
 void
-_Py_Specialize_ContainsOp(PyObject *value, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr)
+_Py_Specialize_ContainsOp(_PyStackRef value_st, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr)
 {
+    PyObject *value = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(value_st);
+
     assert(ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION);
     assert(_PyOpcode_Caches[CONTAINS_OP] == INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_COMPARE_OP);
     _PyContainsOpCache *cache = (_PyContainsOpCache  *)(instr + 1);
@@ -2560,7 +2741,7 @@ static const PyBytesObject no_location = {
     .ob_sval = { NO_LOC_4 }
 };
 
-const struct _PyCode_DEF(8) _Py_InitCleanup = {
+const struct _PyCode8 _Py_InitCleanup = {
     _PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyCode_Type, 3),
     .co_consts = (PyObject *)&_Py_SINGLETON(tuple_empty),
     .co_names = (PyObject *)&_Py_SINGLETON(tuple_empty),
diff --git a/Python/stdlib_module_names.h b/Python/stdlib_module_names.h
index 9686d10563aa4d..c8cdb933bb108f 100644
--- a/Python/stdlib_module_names.h
+++ b/Python/stdlib_module_names.h
@@ -97,8 +97,10 @@ static const char* _Py_stdlib_module_names[] = {
 "_weakref",
 "_weakrefset",
 "_winapi",
+"_wmi",
 "_zoneinfo",
 "abc",
+"annotationlib",
 "antigravity",
 "argparse",
 "array",
diff --git a/Python/structmember.c b/Python/structmember.c
index ba881d18a0973d..d5e7ab83093dc8 100644
--- a/Python/structmember.c
+++ b/Python/structmember.c
@@ -4,8 +4,22 @@
 #include "Python.h"
 #include "pycore_abstract.h"      // _PyNumber_Index()
 #include "pycore_long.h"          // _PyLong_IsNegative()
+#include "pycore_object.h"        // _Py_TryIncrefCompare(), FT_ATOMIC_*()
+#include "pycore_critical_section.h"
 
 
+static inline PyObject *
+member_get_object(const char *addr, const char *obj_addr, PyMemberDef *l)
+{
+    PyObject *v = FT_ATOMIC_LOAD_PTR(*(PyObject **) addr);
+    if (v == NULL) {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_AttributeError,
+                     "'%T' object has no attribute '%s'",
+                     (PyObject *)obj_addr, l->name);
+    }
+    return v;
+}
+
 PyObject *
 PyMember_GetOne(const char *obj_addr, PyMemberDef *l)
 {
@@ -75,15 +89,19 @@ PyMember_GetOne(const char *obj_addr, PyMemberDef *l)
         Py_INCREF(v);
         break;
     case Py_T_OBJECT_EX:
-        v = *(PyObject **)addr;
-        if (v == NULL) {
-            PyObject *obj = (PyObject *)obj_addr;
-            PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(obj);
-            PyErr_Format(PyExc_AttributeError,
-                         "'%.200s' object has no attribute '%s'",
-                         tp->tp_name, l->name);
-        }
+        v = member_get_object(addr, obj_addr, l);
+#ifndef Py_GIL_DISABLED
         Py_XINCREF(v);
+#else
+        if (v != NULL) {
+            if (!_Py_TryIncrefCompare((PyObject **) addr, v)) {
+                Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION((PyObject *) obj_addr);
+                v = member_get_object(addr, obj_addr, l);
+                Py_XINCREF(v);
+                Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+            }
+        }
+#endif
         break;
     case Py_T_LONGLONG:
         v = PyLong_FromLongLong(*(long long *)addr);
@@ -92,6 +110,7 @@ PyMember_GetOne(const char *obj_addr, PyMemberDef *l)
         v = PyLong_FromUnsignedLongLong(*(unsigned long long *)addr);
         break;
     case _Py_T_NONE:
+        // doesn't require free-threading code path
         v = Py_NewRef(Py_None);
         break;
     default:
@@ -118,6 +137,9 @@ PyMember_SetOne(char *addr, PyMemberDef *l, PyObject *v)
         return -1;
     }
 
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    PyObject *obj = (PyObject *) addr;
+#endif
     addr += l->offset;
 
     if ((l->flags & Py_READONLY))
@@ -281,8 +303,10 @@ PyMember_SetOne(char *addr, PyMemberDef *l, PyObject *v)
         break;
     case _Py_T_OBJECT:
     case Py_T_OBJECT_EX:
+        Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(obj);
         oldv = *(PyObject **)addr;
-        *(PyObject **)addr = Py_XNewRef(v);
+        FT_ATOMIC_STORE_PTR_RELEASE(*(PyObject **)addr, Py_XNewRef(v));
+        Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
         Py_XDECREF(oldv);
         break;
     case Py_T_CHAR: {
diff --git a/Python/suggestions.c b/Python/suggestions.c
index a09b3ce6d9dab2..2ce0bcfd54e23f 100644
--- a/Python/suggestions.c
+++ b/Python/suggestions.c
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ _Py_CalculateSuggestions(PyObject *dir,
     if (buffer == NULL) {
         return PyErr_NoMemory();
     }
-    for (int i = 0; i < dir_size; ++i) {
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < dir_size; ++i) {
         PyObject *item = PyList_GET_ITEM(dir, i);
         if (_PyUnicode_Equal(name, item)) {
             continue;
diff --git a/Python/symtable.c b/Python/symtable.c
index 0ee8ca36cf8df0..709918b27afcc8 100644
--- a/Python/symtable.c
+++ b/Python/symtable.c
@@ -58,29 +58,35 @@
 #define ANNOTATION_NOT_ALLOWED \
 "%s cannot be used within an annotation"
 
-#define TYPEVAR_BOUND_NOT_ALLOWED \
-"%s cannot be used within a TypeVar bound"
+#define EXPR_NOT_ALLOWED_IN_TYPE_VARIABLE \
+"%s cannot be used within %s"
 
-#define TYPEALIAS_NOT_ALLOWED \
+#define EXPR_NOT_ALLOWED_IN_TYPE_ALIAS \
 "%s cannot be used within a type alias"
 
-#define TYPEPARAM_NOT_ALLOWED \
+#define EXPR_NOT_ALLOWED_IN_TYPE_PARAMETERS \
 "%s cannot be used within the definition of a generic"
 
 #define DUPLICATE_TYPE_PARAM \
 "duplicate type parameter '%U'"
 
+#define ASYNC_WITH_OUTSIDE_ASYNC_FUNC \
+"'async with' outside async function"
 
-#define LOCATION(x) \
- (x)->lineno, (x)->col_offset, (x)->end_lineno, (x)->end_col_offset
+#define ASYNC_FOR_OUTSIDE_ASYNC_FUNC \
+"'async for' outside async function"
 
-#define ST_LOCATION(x) \
- (x)->ste_lineno, (x)->ste_col_offset, (x)->ste_end_lineno, (x)->ste_end_col_offset
+#define LOCATION(x) SRC_LOCATION_FROM_AST(x)
+
+#define SET_ERROR_LOCATION(FNAME, L) \
+    PyErr_RangedSyntaxLocationObject((FNAME), \
+        (L).lineno, (L).col_offset + 1, (L).end_lineno, (L).end_col_offset + 1)
+
+#define IS_ASYNC_DEF(st) ((st)->st_cur->ste_type == FunctionBlock && (st)->st_cur->ste_coroutine)
 
 static PySTEntryObject *
 ste_new(struct symtable *st, identifier name, _Py_block_ty block,
-        void *key, int lineno, int col_offset,
-        int end_lineno, int end_col_offset)
+        void *key, _Py_SourceLocation loc)
 {
     PySTEntryObject *ste = NULL;
     PyObject *k = NULL;
@@ -106,22 +112,18 @@ ste_new(struct symtable *st, identifier name, _Py_block_ty block,
     ste->ste_mangled_names = NULL;
 
     ste->ste_type = block;
+    ste->ste_scope_info = NULL;
+
     ste->ste_nested = 0;
-    ste->ste_free = 0;
     ste->ste_varargs = 0;
     ste->ste_varkeywords = 0;
-    ste->ste_opt_lineno = 0;
-    ste->ste_opt_col_offset = 0;
-    ste->ste_lineno = lineno;
-    ste->ste_col_offset = col_offset;
-    ste->ste_end_lineno = end_lineno;
-    ste->ste_end_col_offset = end_col_offset;
+    ste->ste_annotations_used = 0;
+    ste->ste_loc = loc;
 
     if (st->st_cur != NULL &&
         (st->st_cur->ste_nested ||
          _PyST_IsFunctionLike(st->st_cur)))
         ste->ste_nested = 1;
-    ste->ste_child_free = 0;
     ste->ste_generator = 0;
     ste->ste_coroutine = 0;
     ste->ste_comprehension = NoComprehension;
@@ -132,6 +134,7 @@ ste_new(struct symtable *st, identifier name, _Py_block_ty block,
     ste->ste_can_see_class_scope = 0;
     ste->ste_comp_iter_expr = 0;
     ste->ste_needs_classdict = 0;
+    ste->ste_annotation_block = NULL;
 
     ste->ste_symbols = PyDict_New();
     ste->ste_varnames = PyList_New(0);
@@ -154,7 +157,7 @@ static PyObject *
 ste_repr(PySTEntryObject *ste)
 {
     return PyUnicode_FromFormat("<symtable entry %U(%R), line %d>",
-                                ste->ste_name, ste->ste_id, ste->ste_lineno);
+                                ste->ste_name, ste->ste_id, ste->ste_loc.lineno);
 }
 
 static void
@@ -167,6 +170,7 @@ ste_dealloc(PySTEntryObject *ste)
     Py_XDECREF(ste->ste_varnames);
     Py_XDECREF(ste->ste_children);
     Py_XDECREF(ste->ste_directives);
+    Py_XDECREF(ste->ste_annotation_block);
     Py_XDECREF(ste->ste_mangled_names);
     PyObject_Free(ste);
 }
@@ -181,7 +185,7 @@ static PyMemberDef ste_memberlist[] = {
     {"children", _Py_T_OBJECT, OFF(ste_children), Py_READONLY},
     {"nested",   Py_T_INT,    OFF(ste_nested), Py_READONLY},
     {"type",     Py_T_INT,    OFF(ste_type), Py_READONLY},
-    {"lineno",   Py_T_INT,    OFF(ste_lineno), Py_READONLY},
+    {"lineno",   Py_T_INT,    OFF(ste_loc.lineno), Py_READONLY},
     {NULL}
 };
 
@@ -228,9 +232,7 @@ PyTypeObject PySTEntry_Type = {
 
 static int symtable_analyze(struct symtable *st);
 static int symtable_enter_block(struct symtable *st, identifier name,
-                                _Py_block_ty block, void *ast,
-                                int lineno, int col_offset,
-                                int end_lineno, int end_col_offset);
+                                _Py_block_ty block, void *ast, _Py_SourceLocation loc);
 static int symtable_exit_block(struct symtable *st);
 static int symtable_visit_stmt(struct symtable *st, stmt_ty s);
 static int symtable_visit_expr(struct symtable *st, expr_ty s);
@@ -245,15 +247,18 @@ static int symtable_visit_alias(struct symtable *st, alias_ty);
 static int symtable_visit_comprehension(struct symtable *st, comprehension_ty);
 static int symtable_visit_keyword(struct symtable *st, keyword_ty);
 static int symtable_visit_params(struct symtable *st, asdl_arg_seq *args);
-static int symtable_visit_annotation(struct symtable *st, expr_ty annotation);
+static int symtable_visit_annotation(struct symtable *st, expr_ty annotation, void *key);
 static int symtable_visit_argannotations(struct symtable *st, asdl_arg_seq *args);
 static int symtable_implicit_arg(struct symtable *st, int pos);
-static int symtable_visit_annotations(struct symtable *st, stmt_ty, arguments_ty, expr_ty);
+static int symtable_visit_annotations(struct symtable *st, stmt_ty, arguments_ty, expr_ty,
+                                      struct _symtable_entry *parent_ste);
 static int symtable_visit_withitem(struct symtable *st, withitem_ty item);
 static int symtable_visit_match_case(struct symtable *st, match_case_ty m);
 static int symtable_visit_pattern(struct symtable *st, pattern_ty s);
 static int symtable_raise_if_annotation_block(struct symtable *st, const char *, expr_ty);
+static int symtable_raise_if_not_coroutine(struct symtable *st, const char *msg, _Py_SourceLocation loc);
 static int symtable_raise_if_comprehension_block(struct symtable *st, expr_ty);
+static int symtable_add_def(struct symtable *st, PyObject *name, int flag, _Py_SourceLocation loc);
 
 /* For debugging purposes only */
 #if _PY_DUMP_SYMTABLE
@@ -265,9 +270,9 @@ static void _dump_symtable(PySTEntryObject* ste, PyObject* prefix)
         case ClassBlock: blocktype = "ClassBlock"; break;
         case ModuleBlock: blocktype = "ModuleBlock"; break;
         case AnnotationBlock: blocktype = "AnnotationBlock"; break;
-        case TypeVarBoundBlock: blocktype = "TypeVarBoundBlock"; break;
+        case TypeVariableBlock: blocktype = "TypeVariableBlock"; break;
         case TypeAliasBlock: blocktype = "TypeAliasBlock"; break;
-        case TypeParamBlock: blocktype = "TypeParamBlock"; break;
+        case TypeParametersBlock: blocktype = "TypeParametersBlock"; break;
     }
     const char *comptype = "";
     switch (ste->ste_comprehension) {
@@ -281,7 +286,7 @@ static void _dump_symtable(PySTEntryObject* ste, PyObject* prefix)
         (
             "%U=== Symtable for %U ===\n"
             "%U%s%s\n"
-            "%U%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s\n"
+            "%U%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s\n"
             "%Ulineno: %d col_offset: %d\n"
             "%U--- Symbols ---\n"
         ),
@@ -292,8 +297,6 @@ static void _dump_symtable(PySTEntryObject* ste, PyObject* prefix)
         comptype,
         prefix,
         ste->ste_nested ? " nested" : "",
-        ste->ste_free ? " free" : "",
-        ste->ste_child_free ? " child_free" : "",
         ste->ste_generator ? " generator" : "",
         ste->ste_coroutine ? " coroutine" : "",
         ste->ste_varargs ? " varargs" : "",
@@ -305,8 +308,8 @@ static void _dump_symtable(PySTEntryObject* ste, PyObject* prefix)
         ste->ste_comp_iter_target ? " comp_iter_target" : "",
         ste->ste_can_see_class_scope ? " can_see_class_scope" : "",
         prefix,
-        ste->ste_lineno,
-        ste->ste_col_offset,
+        ste->ste_loc.lineno,
+        ste->ste_loc.col_offset,
         prefix
     );
     assert(msg != NULL);
@@ -323,7 +326,6 @@ static void _dump_symtable(PySTEntryObject* ste, PyObject* prefix)
         if (flags & DEF_PARAM) printf(" DEF_PARAM");
         if (flags & DEF_NONLOCAL) printf(" DEF_NONLOCAL");
         if (flags & USE) printf(" USE");
-        if (flags & DEF_FREE) printf(" DEF_FREE");
         if (flags & DEF_FREE_CLASS) printf(" DEF_FREE_CLASS");
         if (flags & DEF_IMPORT) printf(" DEF_IMPORT");
         if (flags & DEF_ANNOT) printf(" DEF_ANNOT");
@@ -352,7 +354,7 @@ static void _dump_symtable(PySTEntryObject* ste, PyObject* prefix)
 
 static void dump_symtable(PySTEntryObject* ste)
 {
-    PyObject *empty = PyUnicode_FromString("");
+    PyObject *empty = Py_GetConstant(Py_CONSTANT_EMPTY_STR);
     assert(empty != NULL);
     _dump_symtable(ste, empty);
     Py_DECREF(empty);
@@ -393,7 +395,7 @@ _PySymtable_Build(mod_ty mod, PyObject *filename, _PyFutureFeatures *future)
 {
     struct symtable *st = symtable_new();
     asdl_stmt_seq *seq;
-    int i;
+    Py_ssize_t i;
     PyThreadState *tstate;
     int starting_recursion_depth;
 
@@ -419,7 +421,9 @@ _PySymtable_Build(mod_ty mod, PyObject *filename, _PyFutureFeatures *future)
     st->recursion_limit = Py_C_RECURSION_LIMIT;
 
     /* Make the initial symbol information gathering pass */
-    if (!symtable_enter_block(st, &_Py_ID(top), ModuleBlock, (void *)mod, 0, 0, 0, 0)) {
+
+    _Py_SourceLocation loc0 = {0, 0, 0, 0};
+    if (!symtable_enter_block(st, &_Py_ID(top), ModuleBlock, (void *)mod, loc0)) {
         _PySymtable_Free(st);
         return NULL;
     }
@@ -504,30 +508,60 @@ _PySymtable_Lookup(struct symtable *st, void *key)
     return (PySTEntryObject *)v;
 }
 
+int
+_PySymtable_LookupOptional(struct symtable *st, void *key,
+                           PySTEntryObject **out)
+{
+    PyObject *k = PyLong_FromVoidPtr(key);
+    if (k == NULL) {
+        *out = NULL;
+        return -1;
+    }
+    int result = PyDict_GetItemRef(st->st_blocks, k, (PyObject **)out);
+    Py_DECREF(k);
+    assert(*out == NULL || PySTEntry_Check(*out));
+    return result;
+}
+
 long
 _PyST_GetSymbol(PySTEntryObject *ste, PyObject *name)
 {
-    PyObject *v = PyDict_GetItemWithError(ste->ste_symbols, name);
-    if (!v)
+    PyObject *v;
+    if (PyDict_GetItemRef(ste->ste_symbols, name, &v) < 0) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    if (!v) {
         return 0;
-    assert(PyLong_Check(v));
-    return PyLong_AS_LONG(v);
+    }
+    long symbol = PyLong_AsLong(v);
+    Py_DECREF(v);
+    if (symbol < 0) {
+        if (!PyErr_Occurred()) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SystemError, "invalid symbol");
+        }
+        return -1;
+    }
+    return symbol;
 }
 
 int
 _PyST_GetScope(PySTEntryObject *ste, PyObject *name)
 {
     long symbol = _PyST_GetSymbol(ste, name);
-    return (symbol >> SCOPE_OFFSET) & SCOPE_MASK;
+    if (symbol < 0) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    return SYMBOL_TO_SCOPE(symbol);
 }
 
 int
 _PyST_IsFunctionLike(PySTEntryObject *ste)
 {
     return ste->ste_type == FunctionBlock
-        || ste->ste_type == TypeVarBoundBlock
+        || ste->ste_type == AnnotationBlock
+        || ste->ste_type == TypeVariableBlock
         || ste->ste_type == TypeAliasBlock
-        || ste->ste_type == TypeParamBlock;
+        || ste->ste_type == TypeParametersBlock;
 }
 
 static int
@@ -668,7 +702,6 @@ analyze_name(PySTEntryObject *ste, PyObject *scopes, PyObject *name, long flags,
             return error_at_directive(ste, name);
         }
         SET_SCOPE(scopes, name, FREE);
-        ste->ste_free = 1;
         return PySet_Add(free, name) >= 0;
     }
     if (flags & DEF_BOUND) {
@@ -696,11 +729,14 @@ analyze_name(PySTEntryObject *ste, PyObject *scopes, PyObject *name, long flags,
     // global statement), we want to also treat it as a global in this scope.
     if (class_entry != NULL) {
         long class_flags = _PyST_GetSymbol(class_entry, name);
+        if (class_flags < 0) {
+            return 0;
+        }
         if (class_flags & DEF_GLOBAL) {
             SET_SCOPE(scopes, name, GLOBAL_EXPLICIT);
             return 1;
         }
-        else if (class_flags & DEF_BOUND && !(class_flags & DEF_NONLOCAL)) {
+        else if ((class_flags & DEF_BOUND) && !(class_flags & DEF_NONLOCAL)) {
             SET_SCOPE(scopes, name, GLOBAL_IMPLICIT);
             return 1;
         }
@@ -717,7 +753,6 @@ analyze_name(PySTEntryObject *ste, PyObject *scopes, PyObject *name, long flags,
         }
         if (contains) {
             SET_SCOPE(scopes, name, FREE);
-            ste->ste_free = 1;
             return PySet_Add(free, name) >= 0;
         }
     }
@@ -734,8 +769,6 @@ analyze_name(PySTEntryObject *ste, PyObject *scopes, PyObject *name, long flags,
             return 1;
         }
     }
-    if (ste->ste_nested)
-        ste->ste_free = 1;
     SET_SCOPE(scopes, name, GLOBAL_IMPLICIT);
     return 1;
 }
@@ -747,6 +780,9 @@ is_free_in_any_child(PySTEntryObject *entry, PyObject *key)
         PySTEntryObject *child_ste = (PySTEntryObject *)PyList_GET_ITEM(
             entry->ste_children, i);
         long scope = _PyST_GetScope(child_ste, key);
+        if (scope < 0) {
+            return -1;
+        }
         if (scope == FREE) {
             return 1;
         }
@@ -765,12 +801,15 @@ inline_comprehension(PySTEntryObject *ste, PySTEntryObject *comp,
 
     while (PyDict_Next(comp->ste_symbols, &pos, &k, &v)) {
         // skip comprehension parameter
-        long comp_flags = PyLong_AS_LONG(v);
+        long comp_flags = PyLong_AsLong(v);
+        if (comp_flags == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+            return 0;
+        }
         if (comp_flags & DEF_PARAM) {
             assert(_PyUnicode_EqualToASCIIString(k, ".0"));
             continue;
         }
-        int scope = (comp_flags >> SCOPE_OFFSET) & SCOPE_MASK;
+        int scope = SYMBOL_TO_SCOPE(comp_flags);
         int only_flags = comp_flags & ((1 << SCOPE_OFFSET) - 1);
         if (scope == CELL || only_flags & DEF_COMP_CELL) {
             if (PySet_Add(inlined_cells, k) < 0) {
@@ -781,22 +820,19 @@ inline_comprehension(PySTEntryObject *ste, PySTEntryObject *comp,
         if (existing == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
             return 0;
         }
+        // __class__ is never allowed to be free through a class scope (see
+        // drop_class_free)
+        if (scope == FREE && ste->ste_type == ClassBlock &&
+                _PyUnicode_EqualToASCIIString(k, "__class__")) {
+            scope = GLOBAL_IMPLICIT;
+            if (PySet_Discard(comp_free, k) < 0) {
+                return 0;
+            }
+            remove_dunder_class = 1;
+        }
         if (!existing) {
             // name does not exist in scope, copy from comprehension
             assert(scope != FREE || PySet_Contains(comp_free, k) == 1);
-            if (scope == FREE && ste->ste_type == ClassBlock &&
-                _PyUnicode_EqualToASCIIString(k, "__class__")) {
-                // if __class__ is unbound in the enclosing class scope and free
-                // in the comprehension scope, it needs special handling; just
-                // letting it be marked as free in class scope will break due to
-                // drop_class_free
-                scope = GLOBAL_IMPLICIT;
-                only_flags &= ~DEF_FREE;
-                if (PySet_Discard(comp_free, k) < 0) {
-                    return 0;
-                }
-                remove_dunder_class = 1;
-            }
             PyObject *v_flags = PyLong_FromLong(only_flags);
             if (v_flags == NULL) {
                 return 0;
@@ -809,11 +845,19 @@ inline_comprehension(PySTEntryObject *ste, PySTEntryObject *comp,
             SET_SCOPE(scopes, k, scope);
         }
         else {
-            if (PyLong_AsLong(existing) & DEF_BOUND) {
+            long flags = PyLong_AsLong(existing);
+            if (flags == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+                return 0;
+            }
+            if ((flags & DEF_BOUND) && ste->ste_type != ClassBlock) {
                 // free vars in comprehension that are locals in outer scope can
                 // now simply be locals, unless they are free in comp children,
                 // or if the outer scope is a class block
-                if (!is_free_in_any_child(comp, k) && ste->ste_type != ClassBlock) {
+                int ok = is_free_in_any_child(comp, k);
+                if (ok < 0) {
+                    return 0;
+                }
+                if (!ok) {
                     if (PySet_Discard(comp_free, k) < 0) {
                         return 0;
                     }
@@ -821,7 +865,6 @@ inline_comprehension(PySTEntryObject *ste, PySTEntryObject *comp,
             }
         }
     }
-    comp->ste_free = PySet_Size(comp_free) > 0;
     if (remove_dunder_class && PyDict_DelItemString(comp->ste_symbols, "__class__") < 0) {
         return 0;
     }
@@ -849,9 +892,10 @@ analyze_cells(PyObject *scopes, PyObject *free, PyObject *inlined_cells)
     if (!v_cell)
         return 0;
     while (PyDict_Next(scopes, &pos, &name, &v)) {
-        long scope;
-        assert(PyLong_Check(v));
-        scope = PyLong_AS_LONG(v);
+        long scope = PyLong_AsLong(v);
+        if (scope == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+            goto error;
+        }
         if (scope != LOCAL)
             continue;
         int contains = PySet_Contains(free, name);
@@ -914,9 +958,10 @@ update_symbols(PyObject *symbols, PyObject *scopes,
 
     /* Update scope information for all symbols in this scope */
     while (PyDict_Next(symbols, &pos, &name, &v)) {
-        long scope, flags;
-        assert(PyLong_Check(v));
-        flags = PyLong_AS_LONG(v);
+        long flags = PyLong_AsLong(v);
+        if (flags == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+            return 0;
+        }
         int contains = PySet_Contains(inlined_cells, name);
         if (contains < 0) {
             return 0;
@@ -924,9 +969,18 @@ update_symbols(PyObject *symbols, PyObject *scopes,
         if (contains) {
             flags |= DEF_COMP_CELL;
         }
-        v_scope = PyDict_GetItemWithError(scopes, name);
-        assert(v_scope && PyLong_Check(v_scope));
-        scope = PyLong_AS_LONG(v_scope);
+        if (PyDict_GetItemRef(scopes, name, &v_scope) < 0) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+        if (!v_scope) {
+            PyErr_SetObject(PyExc_KeyError, name);
+            return 0;
+        }
+        long scope = PyLong_AsLong(v_scope);
+        Py_DECREF(v_scope);
+        if (scope == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+            return 0;
+        }
         flags |= (scope << SCOPE_OFFSET);
         v_new = PyLong_FromLong(flags);
         if (!v_new)
@@ -959,7 +1013,11 @@ update_symbols(PyObject *symbols, PyObject *scopes,
                or global in the class scope.
             */
             if  (classflag) {
-                long flags = PyLong_AS_LONG(v) | DEF_FREE_CLASS;
+                long flags = PyLong_AsLong(v);
+                if (flags == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+                    goto error;
+                }
+                flags |= DEF_FREE_CLASS;
                 v_new = PyLong_FromLong(flags);
                 if (!v_new) {
                     goto error;
@@ -1098,7 +1156,10 @@ analyze_block(PySTEntryObject *ste, PyObject *bound, PyObject *free,
     }
 
     while (PyDict_Next(ste->ste_symbols, &pos, &name, &v)) {
-        long flags = PyLong_AS_LONG(v);
+        long flags = PyLong_AsLong(v);
+        if (flags == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+            goto error;
+        }
         if (!analyze_name(ste, scopes, name, flags,
                           bound, local, free, global, type_params, class_entry))
             goto error;
@@ -1181,9 +1242,6 @@ analyze_block(PySTEntryObject *ste, PyObject *bound, PyObject *free,
         if (!temp)
             goto error;
         Py_DECREF(temp);
-        /* Check if any children have free variables */
-        if (entry->ste_free || entry->ste_child_free)
-            ste->ste_child_free = 1;
     }
 
     /* Splice children of inlined comprehensions into our children list */
@@ -1320,20 +1378,12 @@ symtable_exit_block(struct symtable *st)
 }
 
 static int
-symtable_enter_block(struct symtable *st, identifier name, _Py_block_ty block,
-                     void *ast, int lineno, int col_offset,
-                     int end_lineno, int end_col_offset)
+symtable_enter_existing_block(struct symtable *st, PySTEntryObject* ste)
 {
-    PySTEntryObject *prev = NULL, *ste;
-
-    ste = ste_new(st, name, block, ast, lineno, col_offset, end_lineno, end_col_offset);
-    if (ste == NULL)
-        return 0;
     if (PyList_Append(st->st_stack, (PyObject *)ste) < 0) {
-        Py_DECREF(ste);
         return 0;
     }
-    prev = st->st_cur;
+    PySTEntryObject *prev = st->st_cur;
     /* bpo-37757: For now, disallow *all* assignment expressions in the
      * outermost iterator expression of a comprehension, even those inside
      * a nested comprehension or a lambda expression.
@@ -1343,21 +1393,20 @@ symtable_enter_block(struct symtable *st, identifier name, _Py_block_ty block,
     }
     /* No need to inherit ste_mangled_names in classes, where all names
      * are mangled. */
-    if (prev && prev->ste_mangled_names != NULL && block != ClassBlock) {
+    if (prev && prev->ste_mangled_names != NULL && ste->ste_type != ClassBlock) {
         ste->ste_mangled_names = Py_NewRef(prev->ste_mangled_names);
     }
     /* The entry is owned by the stack. Borrow it for st_cur. */
-    Py_DECREF(ste);
     st->st_cur = ste;
 
-    /* Annotation blocks shouldn't have any affect on the symbol table since in
-     * the compilation stage, they will all be transformed to strings. They are
-     * only created if future 'annotations' feature is activated. */
-    if (block == AnnotationBlock) {
+    /* If "from __future__ import annotations" is active,
+     * annotation blocks shouldn't have any affect on the symbol table since in
+     * the compilation stage, they will all be transformed to strings. */
+    if (st->st_future->ff_features & CO_FUTURE_ANNOTATIONS && ste->ste_type == AnnotationBlock) {
         return 1;
     }
 
-    if (block == ModuleBlock)
+    if (ste->ste_type == ModuleBlock)
         st->st_global = st->st_cur->ste_symbols;
 
     if (prev) {
@@ -1368,14 +1417,39 @@ symtable_enter_block(struct symtable *st, identifier name, _Py_block_ty block,
     return 1;
 }
 
+static int
+symtable_enter_block(struct symtable *st, identifier name, _Py_block_ty block,
+                     void *ast, _Py_SourceLocation loc)
+{
+    PySTEntryObject *ste = ste_new(st, name, block, ast, loc);
+    if (ste == NULL)
+        return 0;
+    int result = symtable_enter_existing_block(st, ste);
+    Py_DECREF(ste);
+    if (block == AnnotationBlock || block == TypeVariableBlock || block == TypeAliasBlock) {
+        _Py_DECLARE_STR(format, ".format");
+        // We need to insert code that reads this "parameter" to the function.
+        if (!symtable_add_def(st, &_Py_STR(format), DEF_PARAM, loc)) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+        if (!symtable_add_def(st, &_Py_STR(format), USE, loc)) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
 static long
 symtable_lookup_entry(struct symtable *st, PySTEntryObject *ste, PyObject *name)
 {
     PyObject *mangled = _Py_MaybeMangle(st->st_private, ste, name);
     if (!mangled)
-        return 0;
+        return -1;
     long ret = _PyST_GetSymbol(ste, mangled);
     Py_DECREF(mangled);
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        return -1;
+    }
     return ret;
 }
 
@@ -1387,7 +1461,7 @@ symtable_lookup(struct symtable *st, PyObject *name)
 
 static int
 symtable_add_def_helper(struct symtable *st, PyObject *name, int flag, struct _symtable_entry *ste,
-                        int lineno, int col_offset, int end_lineno, int end_col_offset)
+                        _Py_SourceLocation loc)
 {
     PyObject *o;
     PyObject *dict;
@@ -1398,20 +1472,19 @@ symtable_add_def_helper(struct symtable *st, PyObject *name, int flag, struct _s
         return 0;
     dict = ste->ste_symbols;
     if ((o = PyDict_GetItemWithError(dict, mangled))) {
-        val = PyLong_AS_LONG(o);
+        val = PyLong_AsLong(o);
+        if (val == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+            goto error;
+        }
         if ((flag & DEF_PARAM) && (val & DEF_PARAM)) {
             /* Is it better to use 'mangled' or 'name' here? */
             PyErr_Format(PyExc_SyntaxError, DUPLICATE_ARGUMENT, name);
-            PyErr_RangedSyntaxLocationObject(st->st_filename,
-                                             lineno, col_offset + 1,
-                                             end_lineno, end_col_offset + 1);
+            SET_ERROR_LOCATION(st->st_filename, loc);
             goto error;
         }
         if ((flag & DEF_TYPE_PARAM) && (val & DEF_TYPE_PARAM)) {
             PyErr_Format(PyExc_SyntaxError, DUPLICATE_TYPE_PARAM, name);
-            PyErr_RangedSyntaxLocationObject(st->st_filename,
-                                             lineno, col_offset + 1,
-                                             end_lineno, end_col_offset + 1);
+            SET_ERROR_LOCATION(st->st_filename, loc);
             goto error;
         }
         val |= flag;
@@ -1431,9 +1504,7 @@ symtable_add_def_helper(struct symtable *st, PyObject *name, int flag, struct _s
         if (val & (DEF_GLOBAL | DEF_NONLOCAL)) {
             PyErr_Format(PyExc_SyntaxError,
                 NAMED_EXPR_COMP_INNER_LOOP_CONFLICT, name);
-            PyErr_RangedSyntaxLocationObject(st->st_filename,
-                                             lineno, col_offset + 1,
-                                             end_lineno, end_col_offset + 1);
+            SET_ERROR_LOCATION(st->st_filename, loc);
             goto error;
         }
         val |= DEF_COMP_ITER;
@@ -1450,16 +1521,20 @@ symtable_add_def_helper(struct symtable *st, PyObject *name, int flag, struct _s
     if (flag & DEF_PARAM) {
         if (PyList_Append(ste->ste_varnames, mangled) < 0)
             goto error;
-    } else      if (flag & DEF_GLOBAL) {
+    } else if (flag & DEF_GLOBAL) {
         /* XXX need to update DEF_GLOBAL for other flags too;
            perhaps only DEF_FREE_GLOBAL */
-        val = flag;
+        val = 0;
         if ((o = PyDict_GetItemWithError(st->st_global, mangled))) {
-            val |= PyLong_AS_LONG(o);
+            val = PyLong_AsLong(o);
+            if (val == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+                goto error;
+            }
         }
         else if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
             goto error;
         }
+        val |= flag;
         o = PyLong_FromLong(val);
         if (o == NULL)
             goto error;
@@ -1478,33 +1553,85 @@ symtable_add_def_helper(struct symtable *st, PyObject *name, int flag, struct _s
 }
 
 static int
-symtable_add_def(struct symtable *st, PyObject *name, int flag,
-                 int lineno, int col_offset, int end_lineno, int end_col_offset)
+check_name(struct symtable *st, PyObject *name, _Py_SourceLocation loc,
+           expr_context_ty ctx)
 {
+    if (ctx == Store && _PyUnicode_EqualToASCIIString(name, "__debug__")) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SyntaxError, "cannot assign to __debug__");
+        SET_ERROR_LOCATION(st->st_filename, loc);
+        return 0;
+    }
+    if (ctx == Del && _PyUnicode_EqualToASCIIString(name, "__debug__")) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SyntaxError, "cannot delete __debug__");
+        SET_ERROR_LOCATION(st->st_filename, loc);
+        return 0;
+    }
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static int
+check_keywords(struct symtable *st, asdl_keyword_seq *keywords)
+{
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < asdl_seq_LEN(keywords); i++) {
+        keyword_ty key = ((keyword_ty)asdl_seq_GET(keywords, i));
+        if (key->arg  && !check_name(st, key->arg, LOCATION(key), Store)) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static int
+check_kwd_patterns(struct symtable *st, pattern_ty p)
+{
+    assert(p->kind == MatchClass_kind);
+    asdl_identifier_seq *kwd_attrs = p->v.MatchClass.kwd_attrs;
+    asdl_pattern_seq *kwd_patterns = p->v.MatchClass.kwd_patterns;
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < asdl_seq_LEN(kwd_attrs); i++) {
+        _Py_SourceLocation loc = LOCATION(asdl_seq_GET(kwd_patterns, i));
+        if (!check_name(st, asdl_seq_GET(kwd_attrs, i), loc, Store)) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static int
+symtable_add_def_ctx(struct symtable *st, PyObject *name, int flag,
+                     _Py_SourceLocation loc, expr_context_ty ctx)
+{
+    int write_mask = DEF_PARAM | DEF_LOCAL | DEF_IMPORT;
+    if ((flag & write_mask) && !check_name(st, name, loc, ctx)) {
+        return 0;
+    }
     if ((flag & DEF_TYPE_PARAM) && st->st_cur->ste_mangled_names != NULL) {
         if(PySet_Add(st->st_cur->ste_mangled_names, name) < 0) {
             return 0;
         }
     }
-    return symtable_add_def_helper(st, name, flag, st->st_cur,
-                        lineno, col_offset, end_lineno, end_col_offset);
+    return symtable_add_def_helper(st, name, flag, st->st_cur, loc);
+}
+
+static int
+symtable_add_def(struct symtable *st, PyObject *name, int flag,
+                 _Py_SourceLocation loc)
+{
+    return symtable_add_def_ctx(st, name, flag, loc,
+                                flag == USE ? Load : Store);
 }
 
 static int
 symtable_enter_type_param_block(struct symtable *st, identifier name,
                                void *ast, int has_defaults, int has_kwdefaults,
-                               enum _stmt_kind kind,
-                               int lineno, int col_offset,
-                               int end_lineno, int end_col_offset)
+                               enum _stmt_kind kind, _Py_SourceLocation loc)
 {
     _Py_block_ty current_type = st->st_cur->ste_type;
-    if(!symtable_enter_block(st, name, TypeParamBlock, ast, lineno,
-                             col_offset, end_lineno, end_col_offset)) {
+    if(!symtable_enter_block(st, name, TypeParametersBlock, ast, loc)) {
         return 0;
     }
     if (current_type == ClassBlock) {
         st->st_cur->ste_can_see_class_scope = 1;
-        if (!symtable_add_def(st, &_Py_ID(__classdict__), USE, lineno, col_offset, end_lineno, end_col_offset)) {
+        if (!symtable_add_def(st, &_Py_ID(__classdict__), USE, loc)) {
             return 0;
         }
     }
@@ -1512,36 +1639,30 @@ symtable_enter_type_param_block(struct symtable *st, identifier name,
         _Py_DECLARE_STR(type_params, ".type_params");
         // It gets "set" when we create the type params tuple and
         // "used" when we build up the bases.
-        if (!symtable_add_def(st, &_Py_STR(type_params), DEF_LOCAL,
-                              lineno, col_offset, end_lineno, end_col_offset)) {
+        if (!symtable_add_def(st, &_Py_STR(type_params), DEF_LOCAL, loc)) {
             return 0;
         }
-        if (!symtable_add_def(st, &_Py_STR(type_params), USE,
-                              lineno, col_offset, end_lineno, end_col_offset)) {
+        if (!symtable_add_def(st, &_Py_STR(type_params), USE, loc)) {
             return 0;
         }
         // This is used for setting the generic base
         _Py_DECLARE_STR(generic_base, ".generic_base");
-        if (!symtable_add_def(st, &_Py_STR(generic_base), DEF_LOCAL,
-                              lineno, col_offset, end_lineno, end_col_offset)) {
+        if (!symtable_add_def(st, &_Py_STR(generic_base), DEF_LOCAL, loc)) {
             return 0;
         }
-        if (!symtable_add_def(st, &_Py_STR(generic_base), USE,
-                              lineno, col_offset, end_lineno, end_col_offset)) {
+        if (!symtable_add_def(st, &_Py_STR(generic_base), USE, loc)) {
             return 0;
         }
     }
     if (has_defaults) {
         _Py_DECLARE_STR(defaults, ".defaults");
-        if (!symtable_add_def(st, &_Py_STR(defaults), DEF_PARAM,
-                              lineno, col_offset, end_lineno, end_col_offset)) {
+        if (!symtable_add_def(st, &_Py_STR(defaults), DEF_PARAM, loc)) {
             return 0;
         }
     }
     if (has_kwdefaults) {
         _Py_DECLARE_STR(kwdefaults, ".kwdefaults");
-        if (!symtable_add_def(st, &_Py_STR(kwdefaults), DEF_PARAM,
-                              lineno, col_offset, end_lineno, end_col_offset)) {
+        if (!symtable_add_def(st, &_Py_STR(kwdefaults), DEF_PARAM, loc)) {
             return 0;
         }
     }
@@ -1555,39 +1676,39 @@ symtable_enter_type_param_block(struct symtable *st, identifier name,
    VISIT_SEQ_TAIL permits the start of an ASDL sequence to be skipped, which is
    useful if the first node in the sequence requires special treatment.
 
-   VISIT_QUIT macro returns the specified value exiting from the function but
-   first adjusts current recursion counter depth.
-*/
+   ENTER_RECURSIVE macro increments the current recursion depth counter.
+   It should be used at the beginning of the recursive function.
 
-#define VISIT_QUIT(ST, X) \
-    return --(ST)->recursion_depth,(X)
+   LEAVE_RECURSIVE macro decrements the current recursion depth counter.
+   It should be used at the end of the recursive function.
+*/
 
 #define VISIT(ST, TYPE, V) \
     do { \
         if (!symtable_visit_ ## TYPE((ST), (V))) { \
-            VISIT_QUIT((ST), 0); \
+            return 0; \
         } \
     } while(0)
 
 #define VISIT_SEQ(ST, TYPE, SEQ) \
     do { \
-        int i; \
+        Py_ssize_t i; \
         asdl_ ## TYPE ## _seq *seq = (SEQ); /* avoid variable capture */ \
         for (i = 0; i < asdl_seq_LEN(seq); i++) { \
             TYPE ## _ty elt = (TYPE ## _ty)asdl_seq_GET(seq, i); \
             if (!symtable_visit_ ## TYPE((ST), elt)) \
-                VISIT_QUIT((ST), 0);                 \
+                return 0;                 \
         } \
     } while(0)
 
 #define VISIT_SEQ_TAIL(ST, TYPE, SEQ, START) \
     do { \
-        int i; \
+        Py_ssize_t i; \
         asdl_ ## TYPE ## _seq *seq = (SEQ); /* avoid variable capture */ \
         for (i = (START); i < asdl_seq_LEN(seq); i++) { \
             TYPE ## _ty elt = (TYPE ## _ty)asdl_seq_GET(seq, i); \
             if (!symtable_visit_ ## TYPE((ST), elt)) \
-                VISIT_QUIT((ST), 0);                 \
+                return 0;                 \
         } \
     } while(0)
 
@@ -1599,13 +1720,27 @@ symtable_enter_type_param_block(struct symtable *st, identifier name,
             TYPE ## _ty elt = (TYPE ## _ty)asdl_seq_GET(seq, i); \
             if (!elt) continue; /* can be NULL */ \
             if (!symtable_visit_ ## TYPE((ST), elt)) \
-                VISIT_QUIT((ST), 0);             \
+                return 0;             \
+        } \
+    } while(0)
+
+#define ENTER_RECURSIVE(ST) \
+    do { \
+        if (++(ST)->recursion_depth > (ST)->recursion_limit) { \
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RecursionError, \
+                "maximum recursion depth exceeded during compilation"); \
+            return 0; \
         } \
     } while(0)
 
+#define LEAVE_RECURSIVE(ST) \
+    do { \
+        --(ST)->recursion_depth; \
+    } while(0)
+
+
 static int
-symtable_record_directive(struct symtable *st, identifier name, int lineno,
-                          int col_offset, int end_lineno, int end_col_offset)
+symtable_record_directive(struct symtable *st, identifier name, _Py_SourceLocation loc)
 {
     PyObject *data, *mangled;
     int res;
@@ -1617,7 +1752,8 @@ symtable_record_directive(struct symtable *st, identifier name, int lineno,
     mangled = _Py_MaybeMangle(st->st_private, st->st_cur, name);
     if (!mangled)
         return 0;
-    data = Py_BuildValue("(Niiii)", mangled, lineno, col_offset, end_lineno, end_col_offset);
+    data = Py_BuildValue("(Niiii)", mangled, loc.lineno, loc.col_offset,
+                                    loc.end_lineno, loc.end_col_offset);
     if (!data)
         return 0;
     res = PyList_Append(st->st_cur->ste_directives, data);
@@ -1638,17 +1774,48 @@ has_kwonlydefaults(asdl_arg_seq *kwonlyargs, asdl_expr_seq *kw_defaults)
 }
 
 static int
-symtable_visit_stmt(struct symtable *st, stmt_ty s)
+check_import_from(struct symtable *st, stmt_ty s)
 {
-    if (++st->recursion_depth > st->recursion_limit) {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RecursionError,
-                        "maximum recursion depth exceeded during compilation");
-        VISIT_QUIT(st, 0);
+    assert(s->kind == ImportFrom_kind);
+    _Py_SourceLocation fut = st->st_future->ff_location;
+    if (s->v.ImportFrom.module && s->v.ImportFrom.level == 0 &&
+        _PyUnicode_EqualToASCIIString(s->v.ImportFrom.module, "__future__") &&
+        ((s->lineno > fut.lineno) ||
+         ((s->lineno == fut.end_lineno) && (s->col_offset > fut.end_col_offset))))
+    {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SyntaxError,
+                        "from __future__ imports must occur "
+                        "at the beginning of the file");
+        SET_ERROR_LOCATION(st->st_filename, LOCATION(s));
+        return 0;
     }
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static bool
+allows_top_level_await(struct symtable *st)
+{
+    return (st->st_future->ff_features & PyCF_ALLOW_TOP_LEVEL_AWAIT) &&
+            st->st_cur->ste_type == ModuleBlock;
+}
+
+
+static void
+maybe_set_ste_coroutine_for_module(struct symtable *st, stmt_ty s)
+{
+    if (allows_top_level_await(st)) {
+        st->st_cur->ste_coroutine = 1;
+    }
+}
+
+static int
+symtable_visit_stmt(struct symtable *st, stmt_ty s)
+{
+    ENTER_RECURSIVE(st);
     switch (s->kind) {
-    case FunctionDef_kind:
+    case FunctionDef_kind: {
         if (!symtable_add_def(st, s->v.FunctionDef.name, DEF_LOCAL, LOCATION(s)))
-            VISIT_QUIT(st, 0);
+            return 0;
         if (s->v.FunctionDef.args->defaults)
             VISIT_SEQ(st, expr, s->v.FunctionDef.args->defaults);
         if (s->v.FunctionDef.args->kw_defaults)
@@ -1664,30 +1831,40 @@ symtable_visit_stmt(struct symtable *st, stmt_ty s)
                                        s->v.FunctionDef.args->kw_defaults),
                     s->kind,
                     LOCATION(s))) {
-                VISIT_QUIT(st, 0);
+                return 0;
             }
             VISIT_SEQ(st, type_param, s->v.FunctionDef.type_params);
         }
+        PySTEntryObject *new_ste = ste_new(st, s->v.FunctionDef.name, FunctionBlock, (void *)s,
+                                           LOCATION(s));
+        if (!new_ste) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
         if (!symtable_visit_annotations(st, s, s->v.FunctionDef.args,
-                                        s->v.FunctionDef.returns))
-            VISIT_QUIT(st, 0);
-        if (!symtable_enter_block(st, s->v.FunctionDef.name,
-                                  FunctionBlock, (void *)s,
-                                  LOCATION(s)))
-            VISIT_QUIT(st, 0);
+                                        s->v.FunctionDef.returns, new_ste)) {
+            Py_DECREF(new_ste);
+            return 0;
+        }
+        if (!symtable_enter_existing_block(st, new_ste)) {
+            Py_DECREF(new_ste);
+            return 0;
+        }
+        Py_DECREF(new_ste);
         VISIT(st, arguments, s->v.FunctionDef.args);
         VISIT_SEQ(st, stmt, s->v.FunctionDef.body);
         if (!symtable_exit_block(st))
-            VISIT_QUIT(st, 0);
+            return 0;
         if (asdl_seq_LEN(s->v.FunctionDef.type_params) > 0) {
             if (!symtable_exit_block(st))
-                VISIT_QUIT(st, 0);
+                return 0;
         }
         break;
+    }
     case ClassDef_kind: {
         PyObject *tmp;
         if (!symtable_add_def(st, s->v.ClassDef.name, DEF_LOCAL, LOCATION(s)))
-            VISIT_QUIT(st, 0);
+            return 0;
         if (s->v.ClassDef.decorator_list)
             VISIT_SEQ(st, expr, s->v.ClassDef.decorator_list);
         tmp = st->st_private;
@@ -1696,39 +1873,42 @@ symtable_visit_stmt(struct symtable *st, stmt_ty s)
                                                 (void *)s->v.ClassDef.type_params,
                                                 false, false, s->kind,
                                                 LOCATION(s))) {
-                VISIT_QUIT(st, 0);
+                return 0;
             }
             st->st_private = s->v.ClassDef.name;
             st->st_cur->ste_mangled_names = PySet_New(NULL);
             if (!st->st_cur->ste_mangled_names) {
-                VISIT_QUIT(st, 0);
+                return 0;
             }
             VISIT_SEQ(st, type_param, s->v.ClassDef.type_params);
         }
         VISIT_SEQ(st, expr, s->v.ClassDef.bases);
+        if (!check_keywords(st, s->v.ClassDef.keywords)) {
+            return 0;
+        }
         VISIT_SEQ(st, keyword, s->v.ClassDef.keywords);
         if (!symtable_enter_block(st, s->v.ClassDef.name, ClassBlock,
-                                  (void *)s, s->lineno, s->col_offset,
-                                  s->end_lineno, s->end_col_offset))
-            VISIT_QUIT(st, 0);
+                                  (void *)s, LOCATION(s))) {
+            return 0;
+        }
         st->st_private = s->v.ClassDef.name;
         if (asdl_seq_LEN(s->v.ClassDef.type_params) > 0) {
             if (!symtable_add_def(st, &_Py_ID(__type_params__),
                                   DEF_LOCAL, LOCATION(s))) {
-                VISIT_QUIT(st, 0);
+                return 0;
             }
             _Py_DECLARE_STR(type_params, ".type_params");
             if (!symtable_add_def(st, &_Py_STR(type_params),
                                   USE, LOCATION(s))) {
-                VISIT_QUIT(st, 0);
+                return 0;
             }
         }
         VISIT_SEQ(st, stmt, s->v.ClassDef.body);
         if (!symtable_exit_block(st))
-            VISIT_QUIT(st, 0);
+            return 0;
         if (asdl_seq_LEN(s->v.ClassDef.type_params) > 0) {
             if (!symtable_exit_block(st))
-                VISIT_QUIT(st, 0);
+                return 0;
         }
         st->st_private = tmp;
         break;
@@ -1745,23 +1925,24 @@ symtable_visit_stmt(struct symtable *st, stmt_ty s)
                     (void *)s->v.TypeAlias.type_params,
                     false, false, s->kind,
                     LOCATION(s))) {
-                VISIT_QUIT(st, 0);
+                return 0;
             }
             VISIT_SEQ(st, type_param, s->v.TypeAlias.type_params);
         }
         if (!symtable_enter_block(st, name, TypeAliasBlock,
-                                  (void *)s, LOCATION(s)))
-            VISIT_QUIT(st, 0);
+                                  (void *)s, LOCATION(s))) {
+            return 0;
+        }
         st->st_cur->ste_can_see_class_scope = is_in_class;
         if (is_in_class && !symtable_add_def(st, &_Py_ID(__classdict__), USE, LOCATION(s->v.TypeAlias.value))) {
-            VISIT_QUIT(st, 0);
+            return 0;
         }
         VISIT(st, expr, s->v.TypeAlias.value);
         if (!symtable_exit_block(st))
-            VISIT_QUIT(st, 0);
+            return 0;
         if (is_generic) {
             if (!symtable_exit_block(st))
-                VISIT_QUIT(st, 0);
+                return 0;
         }
         break;
     }
@@ -1779,11 +1960,12 @@ symtable_visit_stmt(struct symtable *st, stmt_ty s)
         VISIT(st, expr, s->v.Assign.value);
         break;
     case AnnAssign_kind:
+        st->st_cur->ste_annotations_used = 1;
         if (s->v.AnnAssign.target->kind == Name_kind) {
             expr_ty e_name = s->v.AnnAssign.target;
             long cur = symtable_lookup(st, e_name->v.Name.id);
             if (cur < 0) {
-                VISIT_QUIT(st, 0);
+                return 0;
             }
             if ((cur & (DEF_GLOBAL | DEF_NONLOCAL))
                 && (st->st_cur->ste_symbols != st->st_global)
@@ -1791,40 +1973,38 @@ symtable_visit_stmt(struct symtable *st, stmt_ty s)
                 PyErr_Format(PyExc_SyntaxError,
                              cur & DEF_GLOBAL ? GLOBAL_ANNOT : NONLOCAL_ANNOT,
                              e_name->v.Name.id);
-                PyErr_RangedSyntaxLocationObject(st->st_filename,
-                                                 s->lineno,
-                                                 s->col_offset + 1,
-                                                 s->end_lineno,
-                                                 s->end_col_offset + 1);
-                VISIT_QUIT(st, 0);
+                SET_ERROR_LOCATION(st->st_filename, LOCATION(s));
+                return 0;
             }
             if (s->v.AnnAssign.simple &&
                 !symtable_add_def(st, e_name->v.Name.id,
                                   DEF_ANNOT | DEF_LOCAL, LOCATION(e_name))) {
-                VISIT_QUIT(st, 0);
+                return 0;
             }
             else {
                 if (s->v.AnnAssign.value
                     && !symtable_add_def(st, e_name->v.Name.id, DEF_LOCAL, LOCATION(e_name))) {
-                    VISIT_QUIT(st, 0);
+                    return 0;
                 }
             }
         }
         else {
             VISIT(st, expr, s->v.AnnAssign.target);
         }
-        if (!symtable_visit_annotation(st, s->v.AnnAssign.annotation)) {
-            VISIT_QUIT(st, 0);
+        if (!symtable_visit_annotation(st, s->v.AnnAssign.annotation,
+                                       (void *)((uintptr_t)st->st_cur->ste_id + 1))) {
+            return 0;
         }
 
         if (s->v.AnnAssign.value) {
             VISIT(st, expr, s->v.AnnAssign.value);
         }
         break;
-    case AugAssign_kind:
+    case AugAssign_kind: {
         VISIT(st, expr, s->v.AugAssign.target);
         VISIT(st, expr, s->v.AugAssign.value);
         break;
+    }
     case For_kind:
         VISIT(st, expr, s->v.For.target);
         VISIT(st, expr, s->v.For.iter);
@@ -1879,15 +2059,18 @@ symtable_visit_stmt(struct symtable *st, stmt_ty s)
         break;
     case ImportFrom_kind:
         VISIT_SEQ(st, alias, s->v.ImportFrom.names);
+        if (!check_import_from(st, s)) {
+            return 0;
+        }
         break;
     case Global_kind: {
-        int i;
+        Py_ssize_t i;
         asdl_identifier_seq *seq = s->v.Global.names;
         for (i = 0; i < asdl_seq_LEN(seq); i++) {
             identifier name = (identifier)asdl_seq_GET(seq, i);
             long cur = symtable_lookup(st, name);
             if (cur < 0)
-                VISIT_QUIT(st, 0);
+                return 0;
             if (cur & (DEF_PARAM | DEF_LOCAL | USE | DEF_ANNOT)) {
                 const char* msg;
                 if (cur & DEF_PARAM) {
@@ -1901,29 +2084,26 @@ symtable_visit_stmt(struct symtable *st, stmt_ty s)
                 }
                 PyErr_Format(PyExc_SyntaxError,
                              msg, name);
-                PyErr_RangedSyntaxLocationObject(st->st_filename,
-                                                 s->lineno,
-                                                 s->col_offset + 1,
-                                                 s->end_lineno,
-                                                 s->end_col_offset + 1);
-                VISIT_QUIT(st, 0);
+                SET_ERROR_LOCATION(st->st_filename, LOCATION(s));
+                return 0;
+            }
+            if (!symtable_add_def(st, name, DEF_GLOBAL, LOCATION(s))) {
+                return 0;
+            }
+            if (!symtable_record_directive(st, name, LOCATION(s))) {
+                return 0;
             }
-            if (!symtable_add_def(st, name, DEF_GLOBAL, LOCATION(s)))
-                VISIT_QUIT(st, 0);
-            if (!symtable_record_directive(st, name, s->lineno, s->col_offset,
-                                           s->end_lineno, s->end_col_offset))
-                VISIT_QUIT(st, 0);
         }
         break;
     }
     case Nonlocal_kind: {
-        int i;
+        Py_ssize_t i;
         asdl_identifier_seq *seq = s->v.Nonlocal.names;
         for (i = 0; i < asdl_seq_LEN(seq); i++) {
             identifier name = (identifier)asdl_seq_GET(seq, i);
             long cur = symtable_lookup(st, name);
             if (cur < 0)
-                VISIT_QUIT(st, 0);
+                return 0;
             if (cur & (DEF_PARAM | DEF_LOCAL | USE | DEF_ANNOT)) {
                 const char* msg;
                 if (cur & DEF_PARAM) {
@@ -1936,18 +2116,14 @@ symtable_visit_stmt(struct symtable *st, stmt_ty s)
                     msg = NONLOCAL_AFTER_ASSIGN;
                 }
                 PyErr_Format(PyExc_SyntaxError, msg, name);
-                PyErr_RangedSyntaxLocationObject(st->st_filename,
-                                                 s->lineno,
-                                                 s->col_offset + 1,
-                                                 s->end_lineno,
-                                                 s->end_col_offset + 1);
-                VISIT_QUIT(st, 0);
+                SET_ERROR_LOCATION(st->st_filename, LOCATION(s));
+                return 0;
             }
             if (!symtable_add_def(st, name, DEF_NONLOCAL, LOCATION(s)))
-                VISIT_QUIT(st, 0);
-            if (!symtable_record_directive(st, name, s->lineno, s->col_offset,
-                                           s->end_lineno, s->end_col_offset))
-                VISIT_QUIT(st, 0);
+                return 0;
+            if (!symtable_record_directive(st, name, LOCATION(s))) {
+                return 0;
+            }
         }
         break;
     }
@@ -1963,9 +2139,9 @@ symtable_visit_stmt(struct symtable *st, stmt_ty s)
         VISIT_SEQ(st, withitem, s->v.With.items);
         VISIT_SEQ(st, stmt, s->v.With.body);
         break;
-    case AsyncFunctionDef_kind:
+    case AsyncFunctionDef_kind: {
         if (!symtable_add_def(st, s->v.AsyncFunctionDef.name, DEF_LOCAL, LOCATION(s)))
-            VISIT_QUIT(st, 0);
+            return 0;
         if (s->v.AsyncFunctionDef.args->defaults)
             VISIT_SEQ(st, expr, s->v.AsyncFunctionDef.args->defaults);
         if (s->v.AsyncFunctionDef.args->kw_defaults)
@@ -1982,33 +2158,51 @@ symtable_visit_stmt(struct symtable *st, stmt_ty s)
                                        s->v.AsyncFunctionDef.args->kw_defaults),
                     s->kind,
                     LOCATION(s))) {
-                VISIT_QUIT(st, 0);
+                return 0;
             }
             VISIT_SEQ(st, type_param, s->v.AsyncFunctionDef.type_params);
         }
+        PySTEntryObject *new_ste = ste_new(st, s->v.FunctionDef.name, FunctionBlock, (void *)s,
+                                           LOCATION(s));
+        if (!new_ste) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
         if (!symtable_visit_annotations(st, s, s->v.AsyncFunctionDef.args,
-                                        s->v.AsyncFunctionDef.returns))
-            VISIT_QUIT(st, 0);
-        if (!symtable_enter_block(st, s->v.AsyncFunctionDef.name,
-                                  FunctionBlock, (void *)s,
-                                  s->lineno, s->col_offset,
-                                  s->end_lineno, s->end_col_offset))
-            VISIT_QUIT(st, 0);
+                                        s->v.AsyncFunctionDef.returns, new_ste)) {
+            Py_DECREF(new_ste);
+            return 0;
+        }
+        if (!symtable_enter_existing_block(st, new_ste)) {
+            Py_DECREF(new_ste);
+            return 0;
+        }
+        Py_DECREF(new_ste);
+
         st->st_cur->ste_coroutine = 1;
         VISIT(st, arguments, s->v.AsyncFunctionDef.args);
         VISIT_SEQ(st, stmt, s->v.AsyncFunctionDef.body);
         if (!symtable_exit_block(st))
-            VISIT_QUIT(st, 0);
+            return 0;
         if (asdl_seq_LEN(s->v.AsyncFunctionDef.type_params) > 0) {
             if (!symtable_exit_block(st))
-                VISIT_QUIT(st, 0);
+                return 0;
         }
         break;
+    }
     case AsyncWith_kind:
+        maybe_set_ste_coroutine_for_module(st, s);
+        if (!symtable_raise_if_not_coroutine(st, ASYNC_WITH_OUTSIDE_ASYNC_FUNC, LOCATION(s))) {
+            return 0;
+        }
         VISIT_SEQ(st, withitem, s->v.AsyncWith.items);
         VISIT_SEQ(st, stmt, s->v.AsyncWith.body);
         break;
     case AsyncFor_kind:
+        maybe_set_ste_coroutine_for_module(st, s);
+        if (!symtable_raise_if_not_coroutine(st, ASYNC_FOR_OUTSIDE_ASYNC_FUNC, LOCATION(s))) {
+            return 0;
+        }
         VISIT(st, expr, s->v.AsyncFor.target);
         VISIT(st, expr, s->v.AsyncFor.iter);
         VISIT_SEQ(st, stmt, s->v.AsyncFor.body);
@@ -2016,7 +2210,8 @@ symtable_visit_stmt(struct symtable *st, stmt_ty s)
             VISIT_SEQ(st, stmt, s->v.AsyncFor.orelse);
         break;
     }
-    VISIT_QUIT(st, 1);
+    LEAVE_RECURSIVE(st);
+    return 1;
 }
 
 static int
@@ -2040,15 +2235,14 @@ symtable_extend_namedexpr_scope(struct symtable *st, expr_ty e)
          */
         if (ste->ste_comprehension) {
             long target_in_scope = symtable_lookup_entry(st, ste, target_name);
+            if (target_in_scope < 0) {
+                return 0;
+            }
             if ((target_in_scope & DEF_COMP_ITER) &&
                 (target_in_scope & DEF_LOCAL)) {
                 PyErr_Format(PyExc_SyntaxError, NAMED_EXPR_COMP_CONFLICT, target_name);
-                PyErr_RangedSyntaxLocationObject(st->st_filename,
-                                                  e->lineno,
-                                                  e->col_offset + 1,
-                                                  e->end_lineno,
-                                                  e->end_col_offset + 1);
-                VISIT_QUIT(st, 0);
+                SET_ERROR_LOCATION(st->st_filename, LOCATION(e));
+                return 0;
             }
             continue;
         }
@@ -2056,54 +2250,57 @@ symtable_extend_namedexpr_scope(struct symtable *st, expr_ty e)
         /* If we find a FunctionBlock entry, add as GLOBAL/LOCAL or NONLOCAL/LOCAL */
         if (ste->ste_type == FunctionBlock) {
             long target_in_scope = symtable_lookup_entry(st, ste, target_name);
+            if (target_in_scope < 0) {
+                return 0;
+            }
             if (target_in_scope & DEF_GLOBAL) {
                 if (!symtable_add_def(st, target_name, DEF_GLOBAL, LOCATION(e)))
-                    VISIT_QUIT(st, 0);
+                    return 0;
             } else {
-                if (!symtable_add_def(st, target_name, DEF_NONLOCAL, LOCATION(e)))
-                    VISIT_QUIT(st, 0);
+                if (!symtable_add_def(st, target_name, DEF_NONLOCAL, LOCATION(e))) {
+                    return 0;
+                }
+            }
+            if (!symtable_record_directive(st, target_name, LOCATION(e))) {
+                return 0;
             }
-            if (!symtable_record_directive(st, target_name, LOCATION(e)))
-                VISIT_QUIT(st, 0);
 
             return symtable_add_def_helper(st, target_name, DEF_LOCAL, ste, LOCATION(e));
         }
         /* If we find a ModuleBlock entry, add as GLOBAL */
         if (ste->ste_type == ModuleBlock) {
-            if (!symtable_add_def(st, target_name, DEF_GLOBAL, LOCATION(e)))
-                VISIT_QUIT(st, 0);
-            if (!symtable_record_directive(st, target_name, LOCATION(e)))
-                VISIT_QUIT(st, 0);
+            if (!symtable_add_def(st, target_name, DEF_GLOBAL, LOCATION(e))) {
+                return 0;
+            }
+            if (!symtable_record_directive(st, target_name, LOCATION(e))) {
+                return 0;
+            }
 
             return symtable_add_def_helper(st, target_name, DEF_GLOBAL, ste, LOCATION(e));
         }
         /* Disallow usage in ClassBlock and type scopes */
         if (ste->ste_type == ClassBlock ||
-            ste->ste_type == TypeParamBlock ||
+            ste->ste_type == TypeParametersBlock ||
             ste->ste_type == TypeAliasBlock ||
-            ste->ste_type == TypeVarBoundBlock) {
+            ste->ste_type == TypeVariableBlock) {
             switch (ste->ste_type) {
                 case ClassBlock:
                     PyErr_Format(PyExc_SyntaxError, NAMED_EXPR_COMP_IN_CLASS);
                     break;
-                case TypeParamBlock:
+                case TypeParametersBlock:
                     PyErr_Format(PyExc_SyntaxError, NAMED_EXPR_COMP_IN_TYPEPARAM);
                     break;
                 case TypeAliasBlock:
                     PyErr_Format(PyExc_SyntaxError, NAMED_EXPR_COMP_IN_TYPEALIAS);
                     break;
-                case TypeVarBoundBlock:
+                case TypeVariableBlock:
                     PyErr_Format(PyExc_SyntaxError, NAMED_EXPR_COMP_IN_TYPEVAR_BOUND);
                     break;
                 default:
                     Py_UNREACHABLE();
             }
-            PyErr_RangedSyntaxLocationObject(st->st_filename,
-                                              e->lineno,
-                                              e->col_offset + 1,
-                                              e->end_lineno,
-                                              e->end_col_offset + 1);
-            VISIT_QUIT(st, 0);
+            SET_ERROR_LOCATION(st->st_filename, LOCATION(e));
+            return 0;
         }
     }
 
@@ -2120,11 +2317,7 @@ symtable_handle_namedexpr(struct symtable *st, expr_ty e)
     if (st->st_cur->ste_comp_iter_expr > 0) {
         /* Assignment isn't allowed in a comprehension iterable expression */
         PyErr_Format(PyExc_SyntaxError, NAMED_EXPR_COMP_ITER_EXPR);
-        PyErr_RangedSyntaxLocationObject(st->st_filename,
-                                          e->lineno,
-                                          e->col_offset + 1,
-                                          e->end_lineno,
-                                          e->end_col_offset + 1);
+        SET_ERROR_LOCATION(st->st_filename, LOCATION(e));
         return 0;
     }
     if (st->st_cur->ste_comprehension) {
@@ -2140,18 +2333,14 @@ symtable_handle_namedexpr(struct symtable *st, expr_ty e)
 static int
 symtable_visit_expr(struct symtable *st, expr_ty e)
 {
-    if (++st->recursion_depth > st->recursion_limit) {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RecursionError,
-                        "maximum recursion depth exceeded during compilation");
-        VISIT_QUIT(st, 0);
-    }
+    ENTER_RECURSIVE(st);
     switch (e->kind) {
     case NamedExpr_kind:
         if (!symtable_raise_if_annotation_block(st, "named expression", e)) {
-            VISIT_QUIT(st, 0);
+            return 0;
         }
         if(!symtable_handle_namedexpr(st, e))
-            VISIT_QUIT(st, 0);
+            return 0;
         break;
     case BoolOp_kind:
         VISIT_SEQ(st, expr, e->v.BoolOp.values);
@@ -2169,14 +2358,13 @@ symtable_visit_expr(struct symtable *st, expr_ty e)
         if (e->v.Lambda.args->kw_defaults)
             VISIT_SEQ_WITH_NULL(st, expr, e->v.Lambda.args->kw_defaults);
         if (!symtable_enter_block(st, &_Py_ID(lambda),
-                                  FunctionBlock, (void *)e,
-                                  e->lineno, e->col_offset,
-                                  e->end_lineno, e->end_col_offset))
-            VISIT_QUIT(st, 0);
+                                  FunctionBlock, (void *)e, LOCATION(e))) {
+            return 0;
+        }
         VISIT(st, arguments, e->v.Lambda.args);
         VISIT(st, expr, e->v.Lambda.body);
         if (!symtable_exit_block(st))
-            VISIT_QUIT(st, 0);
+            return 0;
         break;
     }
     case IfExp_kind:
@@ -2193,23 +2381,23 @@ symtable_visit_expr(struct symtable *st, expr_ty e)
         break;
     case GeneratorExp_kind:
         if (!symtable_visit_genexp(st, e))
-            VISIT_QUIT(st, 0);
+            return 0;
         break;
     case ListComp_kind:
         if (!symtable_visit_listcomp(st, e))
-            VISIT_QUIT(st, 0);
+            return 0;
         break;
     case SetComp_kind:
         if (!symtable_visit_setcomp(st, e))
-            VISIT_QUIT(st, 0);
+            return 0;
         break;
     case DictComp_kind:
         if (!symtable_visit_dictcomp(st, e))
-            VISIT_QUIT(st, 0);
+            return 0;
         break;
     case Yield_kind:
         if (!symtable_raise_if_annotation_block(st, "yield expression", e)) {
-            VISIT_QUIT(st, 0);
+            return 0;
         }
         if (e->v.Yield.value)
             VISIT(st, expr, e->v.Yield.value);
@@ -2220,7 +2408,7 @@ symtable_visit_expr(struct symtable *st, expr_ty e)
         break;
     case YieldFrom_kind:
         if (!symtable_raise_if_annotation_block(st, "yield expression", e)) {
-            VISIT_QUIT(st, 0);
+            return 0;
         }
         VISIT(st, expr, e->v.YieldFrom.value);
         st->st_cur->ste_generator = 1;
@@ -2230,7 +2418,21 @@ symtable_visit_expr(struct symtable *st, expr_ty e)
         break;
     case Await_kind:
         if (!symtable_raise_if_annotation_block(st, "await expression", e)) {
-            VISIT_QUIT(st, 0);
+            return 0;
+        }
+        if (!allows_top_level_await(st)) {
+            if (!_PyST_IsFunctionLike(st->st_cur)) {
+                PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SyntaxError,
+                                "'await' outside function");
+                SET_ERROR_LOCATION(st->st_filename, LOCATION(e));
+                return 0;
+            }
+            if (!IS_ASYNC_DEF(st) && st->st_cur->ste_comprehension == NoComprehension) {
+                PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SyntaxError,
+                                "'await' outside async function");
+                SET_ERROR_LOCATION(st->st_filename, LOCATION(e));
+                return 0;
+            }
         }
         VISIT(st, expr, e->v.Await.value);
         st->st_cur->ste_coroutine = 1;
@@ -2242,6 +2444,9 @@ symtable_visit_expr(struct symtable *st, expr_ty e)
     case Call_kind:
         VISIT(st, expr, e->v.Call.func);
         VISIT_SEQ(st, expr, e->v.Call.args);
+        if (!check_keywords(st, e->v.Call.keywords)) {
+            return 0;
+        }
         VISIT_SEQ_WITH_NULL(st, keyword, e->v.Call.keywords);
         break;
     case FormattedValue_kind:
@@ -2257,6 +2462,9 @@ symtable_visit_expr(struct symtable *st, expr_ty e)
         break;
     /* The following exprs can be assignment targets. */
     case Attribute_kind:
+        if (!check_name(st, e->v.Attribute.attr, LOCATION(e), e->v.Attribute.ctx)) {
+            return 0;
+        }
         VISIT(st, expr, e->v.Attribute.value);
         break;
     case Subscript_kind:
@@ -2275,15 +2483,17 @@ symtable_visit_expr(struct symtable *st, expr_ty e)
             VISIT(st, expr, e->v.Slice.step);
         break;
     case Name_kind:
-        if (!symtable_add_def(st, e->v.Name.id,
-                              e->v.Name.ctx == Load ? USE : DEF_LOCAL, LOCATION(e)))
-            VISIT_QUIT(st, 0);
+        if (!symtable_add_def_ctx(st, e->v.Name.id,
+                                  e->v.Name.ctx == Load ? USE : DEF_LOCAL,
+                                  LOCATION(e), e->v.Name.ctx)) {
+            return 0;
+        }
         /* Special-case super: it counts as a use of __class__ */
         if (e->v.Name.ctx == Load &&
             _PyST_IsFunctionLike(st->st_cur) &&
             _PyUnicode_EqualToASCIIString(e->v.Name.id, "super")) {
             if (!symtable_add_def(st, &_Py_ID(__class__), USE, LOCATION(e)))
-                VISIT_QUIT(st, 0);
+                return 0;
         }
         break;
     /* child nodes of List and Tuple will have expr_context set */
@@ -2294,23 +2504,33 @@ symtable_visit_expr(struct symtable *st, expr_ty e)
         VISIT_SEQ(st, expr, e->v.Tuple.elts);
         break;
     }
-    VISIT_QUIT(st, 1);
+    LEAVE_RECURSIVE(st);
+    return 1;
 }
 
 static int
-symtable_visit_type_param_bound_or_default(struct symtable *st, expr_ty e, identifier name, void *key)
+symtable_visit_type_param_bound_or_default(
+    struct symtable *st, expr_ty e, identifier name,
+    void *key, const char *ste_scope_info)
 {
     if (e) {
         int is_in_class = st->st_cur->ste_can_see_class_scope;
-        if (!symtable_enter_block(st, name, TypeVarBoundBlock, key, LOCATION(e)))
+        if (!symtable_enter_block(st, name, TypeVariableBlock, key, LOCATION(e))) {
             return 0;
+        }
+
         st->st_cur->ste_can_see_class_scope = is_in_class;
         if (is_in_class && !symtable_add_def(st, &_Py_ID(__classdict__), USE, LOCATION(e))) {
-            VISIT_QUIT(st, 0);
+            return 0;
         }
+
+        assert(ste_scope_info != NULL);
+        st->st_cur->ste_scope_info = ste_scope_info;
         VISIT(st, expr, e);
-        if (!symtable_exit_block(st))
+
+        if (!symtable_exit_block(st)) {
             return 0;
+        }
     }
     return 1;
 }
@@ -2318,15 +2538,17 @@ symtable_visit_type_param_bound_or_default(struct symtable *st, expr_ty e, ident
 static int
 symtable_visit_type_param(struct symtable *st, type_param_ty tp)
 {
-    if (++st->recursion_depth > st->recursion_limit) {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RecursionError,
-                        "maximum recursion depth exceeded during compilation");
-        VISIT_QUIT(st, 0);
-    }
+    ENTER_RECURSIVE(st);
     switch(tp->kind) {
     case TypeVar_kind:
         if (!symtable_add_def(st, tp->v.TypeVar.name, DEF_TYPE_PARAM | DEF_LOCAL, LOCATION(tp)))
-            VISIT_QUIT(st, 0);
+            return 0;
+
+        const char *ste_scope_info = NULL;
+        const expr_ty bound = tp->v.TypeVar.bound;
+        if (bound != NULL) {
+            ste_scope_info = bound->kind == Tuple_kind ? "a TypeVar constraint" : "a TypeVar bound";
+        }
 
         // We must use a different key for the bound and default. The obvious choice would be to
         // use the .bound and .default_value pointers, but that fails when the expression immediately
@@ -2335,44 +2557,44 @@ symtable_visit_type_param(struct symtable *st, type_param_ty tp)
         // The only requirement for the key is that it is unique and it matches the logic in
         // compile.c where the scope is retrieved.
         if (!symtable_visit_type_param_bound_or_default(st, tp->v.TypeVar.bound, tp->v.TypeVar.name,
-                                                        (void *)tp)) {
-            VISIT_QUIT(st, 0);
+                                                        (void *)tp, ste_scope_info)) {
+            return 0;
         }
+
         if (!symtable_visit_type_param_bound_or_default(st, tp->v.TypeVar.default_value, tp->v.TypeVar.name,
-                                                        (void *)((uintptr_t)tp + 1))) {
-            VISIT_QUIT(st, 0);
+                                                        (void *)((uintptr_t)tp + 1), "a TypeVar default")) {
+            return 0;
         }
         break;
     case TypeVarTuple_kind:
         if (!symtable_add_def(st, tp->v.TypeVarTuple.name, DEF_TYPE_PARAM | DEF_LOCAL, LOCATION(tp))) {
-            VISIT_QUIT(st, 0);
+            return 0;
         }
+
         if (!symtable_visit_type_param_bound_or_default(st, tp->v.TypeVarTuple.default_value, tp->v.TypeVarTuple.name,
-                                                        (void *)tp)) {
-            VISIT_QUIT(st, 0);
+                                                        (void *)tp, "a TypeVarTuple default")) {
+            return 0;
         }
         break;
     case ParamSpec_kind:
         if (!symtable_add_def(st, tp->v.ParamSpec.name, DEF_TYPE_PARAM | DEF_LOCAL, LOCATION(tp))) {
-            VISIT_QUIT(st, 0);
+            return 0;
         }
+
         if (!symtable_visit_type_param_bound_or_default(st, tp->v.ParamSpec.default_value, tp->v.ParamSpec.name,
-                                                        (void *)tp)) {
-            VISIT_QUIT(st, 0);
+                                                        (void *)tp, "a ParamSpec default")) {
+            return 0;
         }
         break;
     }
-    VISIT_QUIT(st, 1);
+    LEAVE_RECURSIVE(st);
+    return 1;
 }
 
 static int
 symtable_visit_pattern(struct symtable *st, pattern_ty p)
 {
-    if (++st->recursion_depth > st->recursion_limit) {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RecursionError,
-                        "maximum recursion depth exceeded during compilation");
-        VISIT_QUIT(st, 0);
-    }
+    ENTER_RECURSIVE(st);
     switch (p->kind) {
     case MatchValue_kind:
         VISIT(st, expr, p->v.MatchValue.value);
@@ -2385,19 +2607,26 @@ symtable_visit_pattern(struct symtable *st, pattern_ty p)
         break;
     case MatchStar_kind:
         if (p->v.MatchStar.name) {
-            symtable_add_def(st, p->v.MatchStar.name, DEF_LOCAL, LOCATION(p));
+            if (!symtable_add_def(st, p->v.MatchStar.name, DEF_LOCAL, LOCATION(p))) {
+                return 0;
+            }
         }
         break;
     case MatchMapping_kind:
         VISIT_SEQ(st, expr, p->v.MatchMapping.keys);
         VISIT_SEQ(st, pattern, p->v.MatchMapping.patterns);
         if (p->v.MatchMapping.rest) {
-            symtable_add_def(st, p->v.MatchMapping.rest, DEF_LOCAL, LOCATION(p));
+            if (!symtable_add_def(st, p->v.MatchMapping.rest, DEF_LOCAL, LOCATION(p))) {
+                return 0;
+            }
         }
         break;
     case MatchClass_kind:
         VISIT(st, expr, p->v.MatchClass.cls);
         VISIT_SEQ(st, pattern, p->v.MatchClass.patterns);
+        if (!check_kwd_patterns(st, p)) {
+            return 0;
+        }
         VISIT_SEQ(st, pattern, p->v.MatchClass.kwd_patterns);
         break;
     case MatchAs_kind:
@@ -2405,14 +2634,17 @@ symtable_visit_pattern(struct symtable *st, pattern_ty p)
             VISIT(st, pattern, p->v.MatchAs.pattern);
         }
         if (p->v.MatchAs.name) {
-            symtable_add_def(st, p->v.MatchAs.name, DEF_LOCAL, LOCATION(p));
+            if (!symtable_add_def(st, p->v.MatchAs.name, DEF_LOCAL, LOCATION(p))) {
+                return 0;
+            }
         }
         break;
     case MatchOr_kind:
         VISIT_SEQ(st, pattern, p->v.MatchOr.patterns);
         break;
     }
-    VISIT_QUIT(st, 1);
+    LEAVE_RECURSIVE(st);
+    return 1;
 }
 
 static int
@@ -2421,7 +2653,7 @@ symtable_implicit_arg(struct symtable *st, int pos)
     PyObject *id = PyUnicode_FromFormat(".%d", pos);
     if (id == NULL)
         return 0;
-    if (!symtable_add_def(st, id, DEF_PARAM, ST_LOCATION(st->st_cur))) {
+    if (!symtable_add_def(st, id, DEF_PARAM, st->st_cur->ste_loc)) {
         Py_DECREF(id);
         return 0;
     }
@@ -2432,10 +2664,7 @@ symtable_implicit_arg(struct symtable *st, int pos)
 static int
 symtable_visit_params(struct symtable *st, asdl_arg_seq *args)
 {
-    int i;
-
-    if (!args)
-        return -1;
+    Py_ssize_t i;
 
     for (i = 0; i < asdl_seq_LEN(args); i++) {
         arg_ty arg = (arg_ty)asdl_seq_GET(args, i);
@@ -2447,19 +2676,33 @@ symtable_visit_params(struct symtable *st, asdl_arg_seq *args)
 }
 
 static int
-symtable_visit_annotation(struct symtable *st, expr_ty annotation)
+symtable_visit_annotation(struct symtable *st, expr_ty annotation, void *key)
 {
-    int future_annotations = st->st_future->ff_features & CO_FUTURE_ANNOTATIONS;
-    if (future_annotations &&
-        !symtable_enter_block(st, &_Py_ID(_annotation), AnnotationBlock,
-                              (void *)annotation, annotation->lineno,
-                              annotation->col_offset, annotation->end_lineno,
-                              annotation->end_col_offset)) {
-        VISIT_QUIT(st, 0);
+    struct _symtable_entry *parent_ste = st->st_cur;
+    if (parent_ste->ste_annotation_block == NULL) {
+        _Py_block_ty current_type = parent_ste->ste_type;
+        if (!symtable_enter_block(st, &_Py_ID(__annotate__), AnnotationBlock,
+                                    key, LOCATION(annotation))) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+        parent_ste->ste_annotation_block =
+            (struct _symtable_entry *)Py_NewRef(st->st_cur);
+        int future_annotations = st->st_future->ff_features & CO_FUTURE_ANNOTATIONS;
+        if (current_type == ClassBlock && !future_annotations) {
+            st->st_cur->ste_can_see_class_scope = 1;
+            if (!symtable_add_def(st, &_Py_ID(__classdict__), USE, LOCATION(annotation))) {
+                return 0;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        if (!symtable_enter_existing_block(st, parent_ste->ste_annotation_block)) {
+            return 0;
+        }
     }
     VISIT(st, expr, annotation);
-    if (future_annotations && !symtable_exit_block(st)) {
-        VISIT_QUIT(st, 0);
+    if (!symtable_exit_block(st)) {
+        return 0;
     }
     return 1;
 }
@@ -2467,45 +2710,55 @@ symtable_visit_annotation(struct symtable *st, expr_ty annotation)
 static int
 symtable_visit_argannotations(struct symtable *st, asdl_arg_seq *args)
 {
-    int i;
-
-    if (!args)
-        return -1;
+    Py_ssize_t i;
 
     for (i = 0; i < asdl_seq_LEN(args); i++) {
         arg_ty arg = (arg_ty)asdl_seq_GET(args, i);
-        if (arg->annotation)
+        if (arg->annotation) {
+            st->st_cur->ste_annotations_used = 1;
             VISIT(st, expr, arg->annotation);
+        }
     }
 
     return 1;
 }
 
 static int
-symtable_visit_annotations(struct symtable *st, stmt_ty o, arguments_ty a, expr_ty returns)
+symtable_visit_annotations(struct symtable *st, stmt_ty o, arguments_ty a, expr_ty returns,
+                           struct _symtable_entry *function_ste)
 {
-    int future_annotations = st->st_future->ff_features & CO_FUTURE_ANNOTATIONS;
-    if (future_annotations &&
-        !symtable_enter_block(st, &_Py_ID(_annotation), AnnotationBlock,
-                              (void *)o, o->lineno, o->col_offset, o->end_lineno,
-                              o->end_col_offset)) {
-        VISIT_QUIT(st, 0);
+    int is_in_class = st->st_cur->ste_can_see_class_scope;
+    _Py_block_ty current_type = st->st_cur->ste_type;
+    if (!symtable_enter_block(st, &_Py_ID(__annotate__), AnnotationBlock,
+                              (void *)a, LOCATION(o))) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    if (is_in_class || current_type == ClassBlock) {
+        st->st_cur->ste_can_see_class_scope = 1;
+        if (!symtable_add_def(st, &_Py_ID(__classdict__), USE, LOCATION(o))) {
+            return 0;
+        }
     }
     if (a->posonlyargs && !symtable_visit_argannotations(st, a->posonlyargs))
         return 0;
     if (a->args && !symtable_visit_argannotations(st, a->args))
         return 0;
-    if (a->vararg && a->vararg->annotation)
+    if (a->vararg && a->vararg->annotation) {
+        st->st_cur->ste_annotations_used = 1;
         VISIT(st, expr, a->vararg->annotation);
-    if (a->kwarg && a->kwarg->annotation)
+    }
+    if (a->kwarg && a->kwarg->annotation) {
+        st->st_cur->ste_annotations_used = 1;
         VISIT(st, expr, a->kwarg->annotation);
+    }
     if (a->kwonlyargs && !symtable_visit_argannotations(st, a->kwonlyargs))
         return 0;
-    if (future_annotations && !symtable_exit_block(st)) {
-        VISIT_QUIT(st, 0);
+    if (returns) {
+        st->st_cur->ste_annotations_used = 1;
+        VISIT(st, expr, returns);
     }
-    if (returns && !symtable_visit_annotation(st, returns)) {
-        VISIT_QUIT(st, 0);
+    if (!symtable_exit_block(st)) {
+        return 0;
     }
     return 1;
 }
@@ -2595,14 +2848,8 @@ symtable_visit_alias(struct symtable *st, alias_ty a)
     }
     else {
         if (st->st_cur->ste_type != ModuleBlock) {
-            int lineno = a->lineno;
-            int col_offset = a->col_offset;
-            int end_lineno = a->end_lineno;
-            int end_col_offset = a->end_col_offset;
             PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SyntaxError, IMPORT_STAR_WARNING);
-            PyErr_RangedSyntaxLocationObject(st->st_filename,
-                                             lineno, col_offset + 1,
-                                             end_lineno, end_col_offset + 1);
+            SET_ERROR_LOCATION(st->st_filename, LOCATION(a));
             Py_DECREF(store_name);
             return 0;
         }
@@ -2651,9 +2898,7 @@ symtable_handle_comprehension(struct symtable *st, expr_ty e,
     st->st_cur->ste_comp_iter_expr--;
     /* Create comprehension scope for the rest */
     if (!scope_name ||
-        !symtable_enter_block(st, scope_name, FunctionBlock, (void *)e,
-                              e->lineno, e->col_offset,
-                              e->end_lineno, e->end_col_offset)) {
+        !symtable_enter_block(st, scope_name, FunctionBlock, (void *)e, LOCATION(e))) {
         return 0;
     }
     switch(e->kind) {
@@ -2694,6 +2939,16 @@ symtable_handle_comprehension(struct symtable *st, expr_ty e,
     if (!symtable_exit_block(st)) {
         return 0;
     }
+    if (is_async &&
+        !IS_ASYNC_DEF(st) &&
+        st->st_cur->ste_comprehension == NoComprehension &&
+        !allows_top_level_await(st))
+    {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SyntaxError, "asynchronous comprehension outside of "
+                                           "an asynchronous function");
+        SET_ERROR_LOCATION(st->st_filename, LOCATION(e));
+        return 0;
+    }
     if (is_async) {
         st->st_cur->ste_coroutine = 1;
     }
@@ -2736,23 +2991,28 @@ symtable_visit_dictcomp(struct symtable *st, expr_ty e)
 static int
 symtable_raise_if_annotation_block(struct symtable *st, const char *name, expr_ty e)
 {
-    enum _block_type type = st->st_cur->ste_type;
+    _Py_block_ty type = st->st_cur->ste_type;
     if (type == AnnotationBlock)
         PyErr_Format(PyExc_SyntaxError, ANNOTATION_NOT_ALLOWED, name);
-    else if (type == TypeVarBoundBlock)
-        PyErr_Format(PyExc_SyntaxError, TYPEVAR_BOUND_NOT_ALLOWED, name);
-    else if (type == TypeAliasBlock)
-        PyErr_Format(PyExc_SyntaxError, TYPEALIAS_NOT_ALLOWED, name);
-    else if (type == TypeParamBlock)
-        PyErr_Format(PyExc_SyntaxError, TYPEPARAM_NOT_ALLOWED, name);
+    else if (type == TypeVariableBlock) {
+        const char *info = st->st_cur->ste_scope_info;
+        assert(info != NULL); // e.g., info == "a ParamSpec default"
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_SyntaxError, EXPR_NOT_ALLOWED_IN_TYPE_VARIABLE, name, info);
+    }
+    else if (type == TypeAliasBlock) {
+        // for now, we do not have any extra information
+        assert(st->st_cur->ste_scope_info == NULL);
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_SyntaxError, EXPR_NOT_ALLOWED_IN_TYPE_ALIAS, name);
+    }
+    else if (type == TypeParametersBlock) {
+        // for now, we do not have any extra information
+        assert(st->st_cur->ste_scope_info == NULL);
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_SyntaxError, EXPR_NOT_ALLOWED_IN_TYPE_PARAMETERS, name);
+    }
     else
         return 1;
 
-    PyErr_RangedSyntaxLocationObject(st->st_filename,
-                                     e->lineno,
-                                     e->col_offset + 1,
-                                     e->end_lineno,
-                                     e->end_col_offset + 1);
+    SET_ERROR_LOCATION(st->st_filename, LOCATION(e));
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -2764,10 +3024,18 @@ symtable_raise_if_comprehension_block(struct symtable *st, expr_ty e) {
             (type == SetComprehension) ? "'yield' inside set comprehension" :
             (type == DictComprehension) ? "'yield' inside dict comprehension" :
             "'yield' inside generator expression");
-    PyErr_RangedSyntaxLocationObject(st->st_filename,
-                                     e->lineno, e->col_offset + 1,
-                                     e->end_lineno, e->end_col_offset + 1);
-    VISIT_QUIT(st, 0);
+    SET_ERROR_LOCATION(st->st_filename, LOCATION(e));
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+symtable_raise_if_not_coroutine(struct symtable *st, const char *msg, _Py_SourceLocation loc) {
+    if (!st->st_cur->ste_coroutine) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SyntaxError, msg);
+        SET_ERROR_LOCATION(st->st_filename, loc);
+        return 0;
+    }
+    return 1;
 }
 
 struct symtable *
@@ -2852,33 +3120,30 @@ _Py_Mangle(PyObject *privateobj, PyObject *ident)
     if (ipriv == plen) {
         return Py_NewRef(ident); /* Don't mangle if class is just underscores */
     }
-    plen -= ipriv;
 
-    if (plen + nlen >= PY_SSIZE_T_MAX - 1) {
+    if (nlen + (plen - ipriv) >= PY_SSIZE_T_MAX - 1) {
         PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
                         "private identifier too large to be mangled");
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    Py_UCS4 maxchar = PyUnicode_MAX_CHAR_VALUE(ident);
-    if (PyUnicode_MAX_CHAR_VALUE(privateobj) > maxchar) {
-        maxchar = PyUnicode_MAX_CHAR_VALUE(privateobj);
-    }
-
-    PyObject *result = PyUnicode_New(1 + nlen + plen, maxchar);
-    if (!result) {
+    PyUnicodeWriter *writer = PyUnicodeWriter_Create(1 + nlen + (plen - ipriv));
+    if (!writer) {
         return NULL;
     }
-    /* ident = "_" + priv[ipriv:] + ident # i.e. 1+plen+nlen bytes */
-    PyUnicode_WRITE(PyUnicode_KIND(result), PyUnicode_DATA(result), 0, '_');
-    if (PyUnicode_CopyCharacters(result, 1, privateobj, ipriv, plen) < 0) {
-        Py_DECREF(result);
-        return NULL;
+    // ident = "_" + priv[ipriv:] + ident
+    if (PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar(writer, '_') < 0) {
+        goto error;
     }
-    if (PyUnicode_CopyCharacters(result, plen+1, ident, 0, nlen) < 0) {
-        Py_DECREF(result);
-        return NULL;
+    if (PyUnicodeWriter_WriteSubstring(writer, privateobj, ipriv, plen) < 0) {
+        goto error;
     }
-    assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(result, 1));
-    return result;
+    if (PyUnicodeWriter_WriteStr(writer, ident) < 0) {
+        goto error;
+    }
+    return PyUnicodeWriter_Finish(writer);
+
+error:
+    PyUnicodeWriter_Discard(writer);
+    return NULL;
 }
diff --git a/Python/sysmodule.c b/Python/sysmodule.c
index b5363649d6c5a3..d9e710e558f920 100644
--- a/Python/sysmodule.c
+++ b/Python/sysmodule.c
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ Data members:
 */
 
 #include "Python.h"
+#include "pycore_audit.h"         // _Py_AuditHookEntry
 #include "pycore_call.h"          // _PyObject_CallNoArgs()
 #include "pycore_ceval.h"         // _PyEval_SetAsyncGenFinalizer()
 #include "pycore_dict.h"          // _PyDict_GetItemWithError()
@@ -518,7 +519,6 @@ sys_audit(PyObject *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t argc)
     }
 
     assert(args[0] != NULL);
-    assert(PyUnicode_Check(args[0]));
 
     if (!should_audit(tstate->interp)) {
         Py_RETURN_NONE;
@@ -747,7 +747,7 @@ sys_displayhook(PyObject *module, PyObject *o)
     if (o == Py_None) {
         Py_RETURN_NONE;
     }
-    if (PyObject_SetAttr(builtins, &_Py_ID(_), Py_None) != 0)
+    if (PyObject_SetAttr(builtins, _Py_LATIN1_CHR('_'), Py_None) != 0)
         return NULL;
     outf = _PySys_GetAttr(tstate, &_Py_ID(stdout));
     if (outf == NULL || outf == Py_None) {
@@ -769,10 +769,9 @@ sys_displayhook(PyObject *module, PyObject *o)
             return NULL;
         }
     }
-    _Py_DECLARE_STR(newline, "\n");
-    if (PyFile_WriteObject(&_Py_STR(newline), outf, Py_PRINT_RAW) != 0)
+    if (PyFile_WriteObject(_Py_LATIN1_CHR('\n'), outf, Py_PRINT_RAW) != 0)
         return NULL;
-    if (PyObject_SetAttr(builtins, &_Py_ID(_), o) != 0)
+    if (PyObject_SetAttr(builtins, _Py_LATIN1_CHR('_'), o) != 0)
         return NULL;
     Py_RETURN_NONE;
 }
@@ -930,7 +929,7 @@ sys_getfilesystemencoding_impl(PyObject *module)
     if (u == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &u);
+    _PyUnicode_InternImmortal(interp, &u);
     return u;
 }
 
@@ -950,7 +949,7 @@ sys_getfilesystemencodeerrors_impl(PyObject *module)
     if (u == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
-    _PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &u);
+    _PyUnicode_InternImmortal(interp, &u);
     return u;
 }
 
@@ -972,8 +971,9 @@ sys_intern_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *s)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=be680c24f5c9e5d6 input=849483c006924e2f]*/
 {
     if (PyUnicode_CheckExact(s)) {
+        PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
         Py_INCREF(s);
-        PyUnicode_InternInPlace(&s);
+        _PyUnicode_InternMortal(interp, &s);
         return s;
     }
     else {
@@ -1849,6 +1849,7 @@ sys_get_int_max_str_digits_impl(PyObject *module)
     return PyLong_FromLong(interp->long_state.max_str_digits);
 }
 
+
 /*[clinic input]
 sys.set_int_max_str_digits
 
@@ -1861,16 +1862,10 @@ static PyObject *
 sys_set_int_max_str_digits_impl(PyObject *module, int maxdigits)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=734d4c2511f2a56d input=d7e3f325db6910c5]*/
 {
-    PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
-    if ((!maxdigits) || (maxdigits >= _PY_LONG_MAX_STR_DIGITS_THRESHOLD)) {
-        tstate->interp->long_state.max_str_digits = maxdigits;
-        Py_RETURN_NONE;
-    } else {
-        PyErr_Format(
-            PyExc_ValueError, "maxdigits must be 0 or larger than %d",
-            _PY_LONG_MAX_STR_DIGITS_THRESHOLD);
+    if (_PySys_SetIntMaxStrDigits(maxdigits) < 0) {
         return NULL;
     }
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
 }
 
 size_t
@@ -2013,14 +2008,22 @@ sys_getallocatedblocks_impl(PyObject *module)
 /*[clinic input]
 sys.getunicodeinternedsize -> Py_ssize_t
 
+    *
+    _only_immortal: bool = False
+
 Return the number of elements of the unicode interned dictionary
 [clinic start generated code]*/
 
 static Py_ssize_t
-sys_getunicodeinternedsize_impl(PyObject *module)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=ad0e4c9738ed4129 input=726298eaa063347a]*/
+sys_getunicodeinternedsize_impl(PyObject *module, int _only_immortal)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=29a6377a94a14f70 input=0330b3408dd5bcc6]*/
 {
-    return _PyUnicode_InternedSize();
+    if (_only_immortal) {
+        return _PyUnicode_InternedSize_Immortal();
+    }
+    else {
+        return _PyUnicode_InternedSize();
+    }
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
@@ -2387,10 +2390,11 @@ sys__getframemodulename_impl(PyObject *module, int depth)
     while (f && (_PyFrame_IsIncomplete(f) || depth-- > 0)) {
         f = f->previous;
     }
-    if (f == NULL || f->f_funcobj == NULL) {
+    if (f == NULL || PyStackRef_IsNull(f->f_funcobj)) {
         Py_RETURN_NONE;
     }
-    PyObject *r = PyFunction_GetModule(f->f_funcobj);
+    PyObject *func = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(f->f_funcobj);
+    PyObject *r = PyFunction_GetModule(func);
     if (!r) {
         PyErr_Clear();
         r = Py_None;
@@ -2515,16 +2519,16 @@ PyAPI_FUNC(void) PyUnstable_PerfMapState_Fini(void) {
 
 PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyUnstable_CopyPerfMapFile(const char* parent_filename) {
 #ifndef MS_WINDOWS
-    FILE* from = fopen(parent_filename, "r");
-    if (!from) {
-        return -1;
-    }
     if (perf_map_state.perf_map == NULL) {
         int ret = PyUnstable_PerfMapState_Init();
         if (ret != 0) {
             return ret;
         }
     }
+    FILE* from = fopen(parent_filename, "r");
+    if (!from) {
+        return -1;
+    }
     char buf[4096];
     PyThread_acquire_lock(perf_map_state.map_lock, 1);
     int fflush_result = 0, result = 0;
@@ -3118,6 +3122,8 @@ static PyStructSequence_Field flags_fields[] = {
     {0}
 };
 
+#define SYS_FLAGS_INT_MAX_STR_DIGITS 17
+
 static PyStructSequence_Desc flags_desc = {
     "sys.flags",        /* name */
     flags__doc__,       /* doc */
@@ -3125,6 +3131,48 @@ static PyStructSequence_Desc flags_desc = {
     18
 };
 
+static void
+sys_set_flag(PyObject *flags, Py_ssize_t pos, PyObject *value)
+{
+    assert(pos >= 0 && pos < (Py_ssize_t)(Py_ARRAY_LENGTH(flags_fields) - 1));
+
+    PyObject *old_value = PyStructSequence_GET_ITEM(flags, pos);
+    PyStructSequence_SET_ITEM(flags, pos, Py_NewRef(value));
+    Py_XDECREF(old_value);
+}
+
+
+int
+_PySys_SetFlagObj(Py_ssize_t pos, PyObject *value)
+{
+    PyObject *flags = Py_XNewRef(PySys_GetObject("flags"));
+    if (flags == NULL) {
+        if (!PyErr_Occurred()) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "lost sys.flags");
+        }
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    sys_set_flag(flags, pos, value);
+    Py_DECREF(flags);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+static int
+_PySys_SetFlagInt(Py_ssize_t pos, int value)
+{
+    PyObject *obj = PyLong_FromLong(value);
+    if (obj == NULL) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    int res = _PySys_SetFlagObj(pos, obj);
+    Py_DECREF(obj);
+    return res;
+}
+
+
 static int
 set_flags_from_config(PyInterpreterState *interp, PyObject *flags)
 {
@@ -3140,8 +3188,8 @@ set_flags_from_config(PyInterpreterState *interp, PyObject *flags)
         if (value == NULL) { \
             return -1; \
         } \
-        Py_XDECREF(PyStructSequence_GET_ITEM(flags, pos)); \
-        PyStructSequence_SET_ITEM(flags, pos, value); \
+        sys_set_flag(flags, pos, value); \
+        Py_DECREF(value); \
         pos++; \
     } while (0)
 #define SetFlag(expr) SetFlagObj(PyLong_FromLong(expr))
@@ -3597,64 +3645,6 @@ _PySys_InitCore(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *sysdict)
     return _PyStatus_ERR("can't initialize sys module");
 }
 
-static int
-sys_add_xoption(PyObject *opts, const wchar_t *s)
-{
-    PyObject *name, *value = NULL;
-
-    const wchar_t *name_end = wcschr(s, L'=');
-    if (!name_end) {
-        name = PyUnicode_FromWideChar(s, -1);
-        if (name == NULL) {
-            goto error;
-        }
-        value = Py_NewRef(Py_True);
-    }
-    else {
-        name = PyUnicode_FromWideChar(s, name_end - s);
-        if (name == NULL) {
-            goto error;
-        }
-        value = PyUnicode_FromWideChar(name_end + 1, -1);
-        if (value == NULL) {
-            goto error;
-        }
-    }
-    if (PyDict_SetItem(opts, name, value) < 0) {
-        goto error;
-    }
-    Py_DECREF(name);
-    Py_DECREF(value);
-    return 0;
-
-error:
-    Py_XDECREF(name);
-    Py_XDECREF(value);
-    return -1;
-}
-
-
-static PyObject*
-sys_create_xoptions_dict(const PyConfig *config)
-{
-    Py_ssize_t nxoption = config->xoptions.length;
-    wchar_t * const * xoptions = config->xoptions.items;
-    PyObject *dict = PyDict_New();
-    if (dict == NULL) {
-        return NULL;
-    }
-
-    for (Py_ssize_t i=0; i < nxoption; i++) {
-        const wchar_t *option = xoptions[i];
-        if (sys_add_xoption(dict, option) < 0) {
-            Py_DECREF(dict);
-            return NULL;
-        }
-    }
-
-    return dict;
-}
-
 
 // Update sys attributes for a new PyConfig configuration.
 // This function also adds attributes that _PySys_InitCore() didn't add.
@@ -3701,7 +3691,7 @@ _PySys_UpdateConfig(PyThreadState *tstate)
     COPY_LIST("orig_argv", config->orig_argv);
     COPY_LIST("warnoptions", config->warnoptions);
 
-    SET_SYS("_xoptions", sys_create_xoptions_dict(config));
+    SET_SYS("_xoptions", _PyConfig_CreateXOptionsDict(config));
 
     const wchar_t *stdlibdir = _Py_GetStdlibDir();
     if (stdlibdir != NULL) {
@@ -4127,3 +4117,28 @@ PySys_FormatStderr(const char *format, ...)
     sys_format(&_Py_ID(stderr), stderr, format, va);
     va_end(va);
 }
+
+
+int
+_PySys_SetIntMaxStrDigits(int maxdigits)
+{
+    if (maxdigits != 0 && maxdigits < _PY_LONG_MAX_STR_DIGITS_THRESHOLD) {
+        PyErr_Format(
+            PyExc_ValueError, "maxdigits must be 0 or larger than %d",
+            _PY_LONG_MAX_STR_DIGITS_THRESHOLD);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    // Set sys.flags.int_max_str_digits
+    const Py_ssize_t pos = SYS_FLAGS_INT_MAX_STR_DIGITS;
+    if (_PySys_SetFlagInt(pos, maxdigits) < 0) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    // Set PyInterpreterState.long_state.max_str_digits
+    // and PyInterpreterState.config.int_max_str_digits.
+    PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
+    interp->long_state.max_str_digits = maxdigits;
+    interp->config.int_max_str_digits = maxdigits;
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/Python/thread_nt.h b/Python/thread_nt.h
index 425658131c2fce..3a01a7fe327c8f 100644
--- a/Python/thread_nt.h
+++ b/Python/thread_nt.h
@@ -291,6 +291,14 @@ PyThread_exit_thread(void)
     _endthreadex(0);
 }
 
+void _Py_NO_RETURN
+PyThread_hang_thread(void)
+{
+    while (1) {
+        SleepEx(INFINITE, TRUE);
+    }
+}
+
 /*
  * Lock support. It has to be implemented as semaphores.
  * I [Dag] tried to implement it with mutex but I could find a way to
diff --git a/Python/thread_pthread.h b/Python/thread_pthread.h
index f588b4620da0d3..c010b3a827757f 100644
--- a/Python/thread_pthread.h
+++ b/Python/thread_pthread.h
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 #undef destructor
 #endif
 #include <signal.h>
+#include <unistd.h>             /* pause(), also getthrid() on OpenBSD */
 
 #if defined(__linux__)
 #   include <sys/syscall.h>     /* syscall(SYS_gettid) */
@@ -23,8 +24,6 @@
 #   include <pthread_np.h>      /* pthread_getthreadid_np() */
 #elif defined(__FreeBSD_kernel__)
 #   include <sys/syscall.h>     /* syscall(SYS_thr_self) */
-#elif defined(__OpenBSD__)
-#   include <unistd.h>          /* getthrid() */
 #elif defined(_AIX)
 #   include <sys/thread.h>      /* thread_self() */
 #elif defined(__NetBSD__)
@@ -419,6 +418,18 @@ PyThread_exit_thread(void)
 #endif
 }
 
+void _Py_NO_RETURN
+PyThread_hang_thread(void)
+{
+    while (1) {
+#if defined(__wasi__)
+        sleep(9999999);  // WASI doesn't have pause() ?!
+#else
+        pause();
+#endif
+    }
+}
+
 #ifdef USE_SEMAPHORES
 
 /*
diff --git a/Python/thread_pthread_stubs.h b/Python/thread_pthread_stubs.h
index 4741e594e52e65..458f8fc5951720 100644
--- a/Python/thread_pthread_stubs.h
+++ b/Python/thread_pthread_stubs.h
@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
 #include "cpython/pthread_stubs.h"
 
+typedef struct py_stub_tls_entry py_tls_entry;
+
+#define py_tls_entries (_PyRuntime.threads.stubs.tls_entries)
+
 // mutex
 int
 pthread_mutex_init(pthread_mutex_t *restrict mutex,
@@ -105,7 +109,7 @@ pthread_join(pthread_t thread, void** value_ptr)
 
 PyAPI_FUNC(pthread_t) pthread_self(void)
 {
-    return 0;
+    return (pthread_t)(uintptr_t)&py_tls_entries;
 }
 
 int
@@ -134,10 +138,6 @@ pthread_attr_destroy(pthread_attr_t *attr)
 }
 
 
-typedef struct py_stub_tls_entry py_tls_entry;
-
-#define py_tls_entries (_PyRuntime.threads.stubs.tls_entries)
-
 int
 pthread_key_create(pthread_key_t *key, void (*destr_function)(void *))
 {
diff --git a/Python/tracemalloc.c b/Python/tracemalloc.c
index fee7dd0e56d96d..f661d69c0312fa 100644
--- a/Python/tracemalloc.c
+++ b/Python/tracemalloc.c
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ hashtable_compare_traceback(const void *key1, const void *key2)
 static void
 tracemalloc_get_frame(_PyInterpreterFrame *pyframe, frame_t *frame)
 {
-    assert(PyCode_Check(pyframe->f_executable));
+    assert(PyStackRef_CodeCheck(pyframe->f_executable));
     frame->filename = &_Py_STR(anon_unknown);
     int lineno = PyUnstable_InterpreterFrame_GetLine(pyframe);
     if (lineno < 0) {
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ tracemalloc_get_frame(_PyInterpreterFrame *pyframe, frame_t *frame)
     }
     frame->lineno = (unsigned int)lineno;
 
-    PyObject *filename = filename = ((PyCodeObject *)pyframe->f_executable)->co_filename;
+    PyObject *filename = filename = _PyFrame_GetCode(pyframe)->co_filename;
 
     if (filename == NULL) {
 #ifdef TRACE_DEBUG
@@ -838,7 +838,7 @@ _PyTraceMalloc_Init(void)
 
     tracemalloc_tracebacks = hashtable_new(hashtable_hash_traceback,
                                            hashtable_compare_traceback,
-                                           NULL, raw_free);
+                                           raw_free, NULL);
 
     tracemalloc_traces = tracemalloc_create_traces_table();
     tracemalloc_domains = tracemalloc_create_domains_table();
diff --git a/Python/uniqueid.c b/Python/uniqueid.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..b9f30713feeb57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/uniqueid.c
@@ -0,0 +1,229 @@
+#include "Python.h"
+
+#include "pycore_dict.h"        // _PyDict_UniqueId()
+#include "pycore_lock.h"        // PyMutex_LockFlags()
+#include "pycore_pystate.h"     // _PyThreadState_GET()
+#include "pycore_object.h"      // _Py_IncRefTotal
+#include "pycore_uniqueid.h"
+
+// This contains code for allocating unique ids for per-thread reference
+// counting and re-using those ids when an object is deallocated.
+//
+// Currently, per-thread reference counting is only used for heap types.
+//
+// See Include/internal/pycore_uniqueid.h for more details.
+
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+
+#define POOL_MIN_SIZE 8
+
+#define LOCK_POOL(pool) PyMutex_LockFlags(&pool->mutex, _Py_LOCK_DONT_DETACH)
+#define UNLOCK_POOL(pool) PyMutex_Unlock(&pool->mutex)
+
+static int
+resize_interp_type_id_pool(struct _Py_unique_id_pool *pool)
+{
+    if ((size_t)pool->size > PY_SSIZE_T_MAX / (2 * sizeof(*pool->table))) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    Py_ssize_t new_size = pool->size * 2;
+    if (new_size < POOL_MIN_SIZE) {
+        new_size = POOL_MIN_SIZE;
+    }
+
+    _Py_unique_id_entry *table = PyMem_Realloc(pool->table,
+                                               new_size * sizeof(*pool->table));
+    if (table == NULL) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    Py_ssize_t start = pool->size;
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = start; i < new_size - 1; i++) {
+        table[i].next = &table[i + 1];
+    }
+    table[new_size - 1].next = NULL;
+
+    pool->table = table;
+    pool->freelist = &table[start];
+    _Py_atomic_store_ssize(&pool->size, new_size);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+resize_local_refcounts(_PyThreadStateImpl *tstate)
+{
+    if (tstate->refcounts.is_finalized) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    struct _Py_unique_id_pool *pool = &tstate->base.interp->unique_ids;
+    Py_ssize_t size = _Py_atomic_load_ssize(&pool->size);
+
+    Py_ssize_t *refcnts = PyMem_Realloc(tstate->refcounts.values,
+                                        size * sizeof(Py_ssize_t));
+    if (refcnts == NULL) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    Py_ssize_t old_size = tstate->refcounts.size;
+    if (old_size < size) {
+       memset(refcnts + old_size, 0, (size - old_size) * sizeof(Py_ssize_t));
+    }
+
+    tstate->refcounts.values = refcnts;
+    tstate->refcounts.size = size;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+Py_ssize_t
+_PyObject_AssignUniqueId(PyObject *obj)
+{
+    PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
+    struct _Py_unique_id_pool *pool = &interp->unique_ids;
+
+    LOCK_POOL(pool);
+    if (pool->freelist == NULL) {
+        if (resize_interp_type_id_pool(pool) < 0) {
+            UNLOCK_POOL(pool);
+            return -1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    _Py_unique_id_entry *entry = pool->freelist;
+    pool->freelist = entry->next;
+    entry->obj = obj;
+    _PyObject_SetDeferredRefcount(obj);
+    Py_ssize_t unique_id = (entry - pool->table);
+    UNLOCK_POOL(pool);
+    return unique_id;
+}
+
+void
+_PyObject_ReleaseUniqueId(Py_ssize_t unique_id)
+{
+    PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
+    struct _Py_unique_id_pool *pool = &interp->unique_ids;
+
+    LOCK_POOL(pool);
+    assert(unique_id >= 0 && unique_id < pool->size);
+    _Py_unique_id_entry *entry = &pool->table[unique_id];
+    entry->next = pool->freelist;
+    pool->freelist = entry;
+    UNLOCK_POOL(pool);
+}
+
+static Py_ssize_t
+clear_unique_id(PyObject *obj)
+{
+    Py_ssize_t id = -1;
+    if (PyType_Check(obj)) {
+        if (PyType_HasFeature((PyTypeObject *)obj, Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE)) {
+            PyHeapTypeObject *ht = (PyHeapTypeObject *)obj;
+            id = ht->unique_id;
+            ht->unique_id = -1;
+        }
+    }
+    else if (PyCode_Check(obj)) {
+        PyCodeObject *co = (PyCodeObject *)obj;
+        id = co->_co_unique_id;
+        co->_co_unique_id = -1;
+    }
+    else if (PyDict_Check(obj)) {
+        PyDictObject *mp = (PyDictObject *)obj;
+        id = _PyDict_UniqueId(mp);
+        mp->_ma_watcher_tag &= ~(UINT64_MAX << DICT_UNIQUE_ID_SHIFT);
+    }
+    return id;
+}
+
+void
+_PyObject_DisablePerThreadRefcounting(PyObject *obj)
+{
+    Py_ssize_t id = clear_unique_id(obj);
+    if (id >= 0) {
+        _PyObject_ReleaseUniqueId(id);
+    }
+}
+
+void
+_PyObject_ThreadIncrefSlow(PyObject *obj, Py_ssize_t unique_id)
+{
+    _PyThreadStateImpl *tstate = (_PyThreadStateImpl *)_PyThreadState_GET();
+    if (unique_id < 0 || resize_local_refcounts(tstate) < 0) {
+        // just incref the object directly.
+        Py_INCREF(obj);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    assert(unique_id < tstate->refcounts.size);
+    tstate->refcounts.values[unique_id]++;
+#ifdef Py_REF_DEBUG
+    _Py_IncRefTotal((PyThreadState *)tstate);
+#endif
+    _Py_INCREF_STAT_INC();
+}
+
+void
+_PyObject_MergePerThreadRefcounts(_PyThreadStateImpl *tstate)
+{
+    if (tstate->refcounts.values == NULL) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    struct _Py_unique_id_pool *pool = &tstate->base.interp->unique_ids;
+
+    LOCK_POOL(pool);
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0, n = tstate->refcounts.size; i < n; i++) {
+        Py_ssize_t refcnt = tstate->refcounts.values[i];
+        if (refcnt != 0) {
+            PyObject *obj = pool->table[i].obj;
+            _Py_atomic_add_ssize(&obj->ob_ref_shared,
+                                 refcnt << _Py_REF_SHARED_SHIFT);
+            tstate->refcounts.values[i] = 0;
+        }
+    }
+    UNLOCK_POOL(pool);
+}
+
+void
+_PyObject_FinalizePerThreadRefcounts(_PyThreadStateImpl *tstate)
+{
+    _PyObject_MergePerThreadRefcounts(tstate);
+
+    PyMem_Free(tstate->refcounts.values);
+    tstate->refcounts.values = NULL;
+    tstate->refcounts.size = 0;
+    tstate->refcounts.is_finalized = 1;
+}
+
+void
+_PyObject_FinalizeUniqueIdPool(PyInterpreterState *interp)
+{
+    struct _Py_unique_id_pool *pool = &interp->unique_ids;
+
+    // First, set the free-list to NULL values
+    while (pool->freelist) {
+        _Py_unique_id_entry *next = pool->freelist->next;
+        pool->freelist->obj = NULL;
+        pool->freelist = next;
+    }
+
+    // Now everything non-NULL is a object. Clear their unique ids as the
+    // object outlives the interpreter.
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < pool->size; i++) {
+        PyObject *obj = pool->table[i].obj;
+        pool->table[i].obj = NULL;
+        if (obj != NULL) {
+            Py_ssize_t id = clear_unique_id(obj);
+            (void)id;
+            assert(id == i);
+        }
+    }
+    PyMem_Free(pool->table);
+    pool->table = NULL;
+    pool->freelist = NULL;
+    pool->size = 0;
+}
+
+#endif   /* Py_GIL_DISABLED */
diff --git a/README.rst b/README.rst
index 7dd3660b198784..3f694771e090cb 100644
--- a/README.rst
+++ b/README.rst
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-This is Python version 3.14.0 alpha 0
+This is Python version 3.14.0 alpha 1
 =====================================
 
 .. image:: https://github.com/python/cpython/actions/workflows/build.yml/badge.svg?branch=main&event=push
diff --git a/Tools/build/.ruff.toml b/Tools/build/.ruff.toml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..53bfe18f8de1b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tools/build/.ruff.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+target-version = "py310"
+fix = true
+line-length = 79
+
+[lint]
+select = [
+    "C4",      # flake8-comprehensions
+    "E",       # pycodestyle
+    "F",       # pyflakes
+    "I",       # isort
+    "ISC",     # flake8-implicit-str-concat
+    "LOG",     # flake8-logging
+    "PGH",     # pygrep-hooks
+    "PT",      # flake8-pytest-style
+    "PYI",     # flake8-pyi
+    "RUF100",  # Ban unused `# noqa` comments
+    "UP",      # pyupgrade
+    "W",       # pycodestyle
+    "YTT",     # flake8-2020
+]
diff --git a/Tools/build/.warningignore_macos b/Tools/build/.warningignore_macos
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..e72309229cc60f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tools/build/.warningignore_macos
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# Files listed will be ignored by the compiler warning checker
+# for the macOS/build and test job.
+# Keep lines sorted lexicographically to help avoid merge conflicts.
+# Format example:
+# /path/to/file (number of warnings in file)
+Modules/expat/siphash.h 7
+Modules/expat/xmlparse.c 8
+Modules/expat/xmltok.c 3
+Modules/expat/xmltok_impl.c 26
diff --git a/Tools/build/.warningignore_ubuntu b/Tools/build/.warningignore_ubuntu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..469c727abfb11c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tools/build/.warningignore_ubuntu
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Files listed will be ignored by the compiler warning checker
+# for the Ubuntu/build and test job.
+# Keep lines sorted lexicographically to help avoid merge conflicts.
+# Format example:
+# /path/to/file (number of warnings in file)
diff --git a/Tools/build/check_extension_modules.py b/Tools/build/check_extension_modules.py
index a9fee4981ea915..66b2a262e11c57 100644
--- a/Tools/build/check_extension_modules.py
+++ b/Tools/build/check_extension_modules.py
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 import sys
 import sysconfig
 import warnings
+import _imp
 
 from importlib._bootstrap import _load as bootstrap_load
 from importlib.machinery import BuiltinImporter, ExtensionFileLoader, ModuleSpec
@@ -53,6 +54,7 @@
     "_overlapped",
     "_testconsole",
     "_winapi",
+    "_wmi",
     "msvcrt",
     "nt",
     "winreg",
@@ -153,6 +155,11 @@ def __init__(self, cross_compiling: bool = False, strict: bool = False):
         self.notavailable = []
 
     def check(self):
+        if not hasattr(_imp, 'create_dynamic'):
+            logger.warning(
+                ('Dynamic extensions not supported '
+                 '(HAVE_DYNAMIC_LOADING not defined)'),
+            )
         for modinfo in self.modules:
             logger.debug("Checking '%s' (%s)", modinfo.name, self.get_location(modinfo))
             if modinfo.state == ModuleState.DISABLED:
@@ -414,6 +421,9 @@ def check_module_import(self, modinfo: ModuleInfo):
             logger.error("%s failed to import: %s", modinfo.name, e)
             raise
         except Exception as e:
+            if not hasattr(_imp, 'create_dynamic'):
+                logger.warning("Dynamic extension '%s' ignored", modinfo.name)
+                return
             logger.exception("Importing extension '%s' failed!", modinfo.name)
             raise
 
diff --git a/Tools/build/check_warnings.py b/Tools/build/check_warnings.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..7a8721087b6c66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tools/build/check_warnings.py
@@ -0,0 +1,323 @@
+"""
+Parses compiler output from Clang or GCC and checks that warnings
+exist only in files that are expected to have warnings.
+"""
+
+import argparse
+import re
+import sys
+from collections import defaultdict
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import NamedTuple
+
+
+class IgnoreRule(NamedTuple):
+    file_path: str
+    count: int
+    ignore_all: bool = False
+    is_directory: bool = False
+
+
+def parse_warning_ignore_file(file_path: str) -> set[IgnoreRule]:
+    """
+    Parses the warning ignore file and returns a set of IgnoreRules
+    """
+    files_with_expected_warnings = set()
+    with Path(file_path).open(encoding="UTF-8") as ignore_rules_file:
+        files_with_expected_warnings = set()
+        for i, line in enumerate(ignore_rules_file):
+            line = line.strip()
+            if line and not line.startswith("#"):
+                line_parts = line.split()
+                if len(line_parts) >= 2:
+                    file_name = line_parts[0]
+                    count = line_parts[1]
+                    ignore_all = count == "*"
+                    is_directory = file_name.endswith("/")
+
+                    # Directories must have a wildcard count
+                    if is_directory and count != "*":
+                        print(
+                            f"Error parsing ignore file: {file_path} "
+                            f"at line: {i}"
+                        )
+                        print(
+                            f"Directory {file_name} must have count set to *"
+                        )
+                        sys.exit(1)
+                    if ignore_all:
+                        count = 0
+
+                    files_with_expected_warnings.add(
+                        IgnoreRule(
+                            file_name, int(count), ignore_all, is_directory
+                        )
+                    )
+
+    return files_with_expected_warnings
+
+
+def extract_warnings_from_compiler_output(
+    compiler_output: str,
+    compiler_output_type: str,
+    path_prefix: str = "",
+) -> list[dict]:
+    """
+    Extracts warnings from the compiler output based on compiler
+    output type. Removes path prefix from file paths if provided.
+    Compatible with GCC and Clang compiler output.
+    """
+    # Choose pattern and compile regex for particular compiler output
+    if compiler_output_type == "gcc":
+        regex_pattern = (
+            r"(?P<file>.*):(?P<line>\d+):(?P<column>\d+): warning: "
+            r"(?P<message>.*?)(?: (?P<option>\[-[^\]]+\]))?$"
+        )
+    elif compiler_output_type == "clang":
+        regex_pattern = (
+            r"(?P<file>.*):(?P<line>\d+):(?P<column>\d+): warning: "
+            r"(?P<message>.*) (?P<option>\[-[^\]]+\])$"
+        )
+    compiled_regex = re.compile(regex_pattern)
+    compiler_warnings = []
+    for i, line in enumerate(compiler_output.splitlines(), start=1):
+        if match := compiled_regex.match(line):
+            try:
+                compiler_warnings.append(
+                    {
+                        "file": match.group("file").removeprefix(path_prefix),
+                        "line": match.group("line"),
+                        "column": match.group("column"),
+                        "message": match.group("message"),
+                        "option": match.group("option")
+                        .lstrip("[")
+                        .rstrip("]"),
+                    }
+                )
+            except AttributeError:
+                print(
+                    f"Error parsing compiler output. "
+                    f"Unable to extract warning on line {i}:\n{line}"
+                )
+                sys.exit(1)
+
+    return compiler_warnings
+
+
+def get_warnings_by_file(warnings: list[dict]) -> dict[str, list[dict]]:
+    """
+    Returns a dictionary where the key is the file and the data is the
+    warnings in that file. Does not include duplicate warnings for a
+    file from list of provided warnings.
+    """
+    warnings_by_file = defaultdict(list)
+    warnings_added = set()
+    for warning in warnings:
+        warning_key = (
+            f"{warning['file']}-{warning['line']}-"
+            f"{warning['column']}-{warning['option']}"
+        )
+        if warning_key not in warnings_added:
+            warnings_added.add(warning_key)
+            warnings_by_file[warning["file"]].append(warning)
+
+    return warnings_by_file
+
+
+def is_file_ignored(
+    file_path: str, ignore_rules: set[IgnoreRule]
+) -> IgnoreRule | None:
+    """Return the IgnoreRule object for the file path.
+
+    Return ``None`` if there is no related rule for that path.
+    """
+    for rule in ignore_rules:
+        if rule.is_directory:
+            if file_path.startswith(rule.file_path):
+                return rule
+        elif file_path == rule.file_path:
+            return rule
+    return None
+
+
+def get_unexpected_warnings(
+    ignore_rules: set[IgnoreRule],
+    files_with_warnings: set[IgnoreRule],
+) -> int:
+    """
+    Returns failure status if warnings discovered in list of warnings
+    are associated with a file that is not found in the list of files
+    with expected warnings
+    """
+    unexpected_warnings = {}
+    for file in files_with_warnings.keys():
+
+        rule = is_file_ignored(file, ignore_rules)
+
+        if rule:
+            if rule.ignore_all:
+                continue
+
+            if len(files_with_warnings[file]) > rule.count:
+                unexpected_warnings[file] = (
+                    files_with_warnings[file],
+                    rule.count,
+                )
+            continue
+        elif rule is None:
+            # If the file is not in the ignore list, then it is unexpected
+            unexpected_warnings[file] = (files_with_warnings[file], 0)
+
+    if unexpected_warnings:
+        print("Unexpected warnings:")
+        for file in unexpected_warnings:
+            print(
+                f"{file} expected {unexpected_warnings[file][1]} warnings,"
+                f" found {len(unexpected_warnings[file][0])}"
+            )
+            for warning in unexpected_warnings[file][0]:
+                print(warning)
+
+        return 1
+
+    return 0
+
+
+def get_unexpected_improvements(
+    ignore_rules: set[IgnoreRule],
+    files_with_warnings: set[IgnoreRule],
+) -> int:
+    """
+    Returns failure status if the number of warnings for a file is greater
+    than the expected number of warnings for that file based on the ignore
+    rules
+    """
+    unexpected_improvements = []
+    for rule in ignore_rules:
+        if (
+            not rule.ignore_all
+            and rule.file_path not in files_with_warnings.keys()
+        ):
+            if rule.file_path not in files_with_warnings.keys():
+                unexpected_improvements.append((rule.file_path, rule.count, 0))
+            elif len(files_with_warnings[rule.file_path]) < rule.count:
+                unexpected_improvements.append(
+                    (
+                        rule.file_path,
+                        rule.count,
+                        len(files_with_warnings[rule.file_path]),
+                    )
+                )
+
+    if unexpected_improvements:
+        print("Unexpected improvements:")
+        for file in unexpected_improvements:
+            print(f"{file[0]} expected {file[1]} warnings, found {file[2]}")
+        return 1
+
+    return 0
+
+
+def main(argv: list[str] | None = None) -> int:
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "-c",
+        "--compiler-output-file-path",
+        type=str,
+        required=True,
+        help="Path to the compiler output file",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "-i",
+        "--warning-ignore-file-path",
+        type=str,
+        help="Path to the warning ignore file",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "-x",
+        "--fail-on-regression",
+        action="store_true",
+        default=False,
+        help="Flag to fail if new warnings are found",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "-X",
+        "--fail-on-improvement",
+        action="store_true",
+        default=False,
+        help="Flag to fail if files that were expected "
+        "to have warnings have no warnings",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "-t",
+        "--compiler-output-type",
+        type=str,
+        required=True,
+        choices=["gcc", "clang"],
+        help="Type of compiler output file (GCC or Clang)",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "-p",
+        "--path-prefix",
+        type=str,
+        help="Path prefix to remove from the start of file paths"
+        " in compiler output",
+    )
+
+    args = parser.parse_args(argv)
+
+    exit_code = 0
+
+    # Check that the compiler output file is a valid path
+    if not Path(args.compiler_output_file_path).is_file():
+        print(
+            f"Compiler output file does not exist:"
+            f" {args.compiler_output_file_path}"
+        )
+        return 1
+
+    # Check that a warning ignore file was specified and if so is a valid path
+    if not args.warning_ignore_file_path:
+        print(
+            "Warning ignore file not specified."
+            " Continuing without it (no warnings ignored)."
+        )
+        ignore_rules = set()
+    else:
+        if not Path(args.warning_ignore_file_path).is_file():
+            print(
+                f"Warning ignore file does not exist:"
+                f" {args.warning_ignore_file_path}"
+            )
+            return 1
+        ignore_rules = parse_warning_ignore_file(args.warning_ignore_file_path)
+
+    with Path(args.compiler_output_file_path).open(encoding="UTF-8") as f:
+        compiler_output_file_contents = f.read()
+
+    warnings = extract_warnings_from_compiler_output(
+        compiler_output_file_contents,
+        args.compiler_output_type,
+        args.path_prefix,
+    )
+
+    files_with_warnings = get_warnings_by_file(warnings)
+
+    status = get_unexpected_warnings(ignore_rules, files_with_warnings)
+    if args.fail_on_regression:
+        exit_code |= status
+
+    status = get_unexpected_improvements(ignore_rules, files_with_warnings)
+    if args.fail_on_improvement:
+        exit_code |= status
+
+    print(
+        "For information about this tool and its configuration"
+        " visit https://devguide.python.org/development-tools/warnings/"
+    )
+
+    return exit_code
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    sys.exit(main())
diff --git a/Tools/build/freeze_modules.py b/Tools/build/freeze_modules.py
index eef2d0af046f51..7f1dee18319749 100644
--- a/Tools/build/freeze_modules.py
+++ b/Tools/build/freeze_modules.py
@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@
 
 from collections import namedtuple
 import hashlib
-import os
 import ntpath
+import os
 import posixpath
-import argparse
+
 from update_file import updating_file_with_tmpfile
 
 
diff --git a/Tools/build/generate_global_objects.py b/Tools/build/generate_global_objects.py
index 33d1b323fc1753..b5b6de0e7dc2dc 100644
--- a/Tools/build/generate_global_objects.py
+++ b/Tools/build/generate_global_objects.py
@@ -370,9 +370,14 @@ def generate_static_strings_initializer(identifiers, strings):
                 # This use of _Py_ID() is ignored by iter_global_strings()
                 # since iter_files() ignores .h files.
                 printer.write(f'string = &_Py_ID({i});')
+                printer.write(f'_PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);')
                 printer.write(f'assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));')
-                printer.write(f'_PyUnicode_InternInPlace(interp, &string);')
-            # XXX What about "strings"?
+                printer.write(f'assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);')
+            for value, name in sorted(strings.items()):
+                printer.write(f'string = &_Py_STR({name});')
+                printer.write(f'_PyUnicode_InternStatic(interp, &string);')
+                printer.write(f'assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(string, 1));')
+                printer.write(f'assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(string) != 1);')
         printer.write(END)
         printer.write(after)
 
@@ -414,15 +419,31 @@ def generate_global_object_finalizers(generated_immortal_objects):
 def get_identifiers_and_strings() -> 'tuple[set[str], dict[str, str]]':
     identifiers = set(IDENTIFIERS)
     strings = {}
+    # Note that we store strings as they appear in C source, so the checks here
+    # can be defeated, e.g.:
+    # - "a" and "\0x61" won't be reported as duplicate.
+    # - "\n" appears as 2 characters.
+    # Probably not worth adding a C string parser.
     for name, string, *_ in iter_global_strings():
         if string is None:
             if name not in IGNORED:
                 identifiers.add(name)
         else:
+            if len(string) == 1 and ord(string) < 256:
+                # Give a nice message for common mistakes.
+                # To cover tricky cases (like "\n") we also generate C asserts.
+                raise ValueError(
+                    'do not use &_Py_ID or &_Py_STR for one-character latin-1 '
+                    + f'strings, use _Py_LATIN1_CHR instead: {string!r}')
             if string not in strings:
                 strings[string] = name
             elif name != strings[string]:
                 raise ValueError(f'string mismatch for {name!r} ({string!r} != {strings[name]!r}')
+    overlap = identifiers & set(strings.keys())
+    if overlap:
+        raise ValueError(
+            'do not use both _Py_ID and _Py_DECLARE_STR for the same string: '
+            + repr(overlap))
     return identifiers, strings
 
 
diff --git a/Tools/build/generate_re_casefix.py b/Tools/build/generate_re_casefix.py
index b57ac07426c27c..6cebfbd025c58c 100755
--- a/Tools/build/generate_re_casefix.py
+++ b/Tools/build/generate_re_casefix.py
@@ -23,9 +23,9 @@ def update_file(file, content):
 
 # Maps the code of lowercased character to codes of different lowercased
 # characters which have the same uppercase.
-_EXTRA_CASES = {
+_EXTRA_CASES = {{
 %s
-}
+}}
 """
 
 def uname(i):
diff --git a/Tools/build/generate_sbom.py b/Tools/build/generate_sbom.py
index c08568f2e00326..020f874cffeaef 100644
--- a/Tools/build/generate_sbom.py
+++ b/Tools/build/generate_sbom.py
@@ -69,9 +69,6 @@ class PackageFiles(typing.NamedTuple):
             "Lib/ctypes/macholib/fetch_macholib.bat",
         ],
     ),
-    "libb2": PackageFiles(
-        include=["Modules/_blake2/impl/**"]
-    ),
     "hacl-star": PackageFiles(
         include=["Modules/_hacl/**"],
         exclude=[
@@ -96,6 +93,19 @@ def error_if(value: bool, error_message: str) -> None:
         sys.exit(1)
 
 
+def is_root_directory_git_index() -> bool:
+    """Checks if the root directory is a git index"""
+    try:
+        subprocess.check_call(
+            ["git", "-C", str(CPYTHON_ROOT_DIR), "rev-parse"],
+            stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL,
+            stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL,
+        )
+    except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
+        return False
+    return True
+
+
 def filter_gitignored_paths(paths: list[str]) -> list[str]:
     """
     Filter out paths excluded by the gitignore file.
@@ -108,6 +118,10 @@ def filter_gitignored_paths(paths: list[str]) -> list[str]:
 
         '.gitignore:9:*.a    Tools/lib.a'
     """
+    # No paths means no filtering to be done.
+    if not paths:
+        return []
+
     # Filter out files in gitignore.
     # Non-matching files show up as '::<whitespace><path>'
     git_check_ignore_proc = subprocess.run(
@@ -337,6 +351,11 @@ def create_externals_sbom() -> None:
 
 
 def main() -> None:
+    # Don't regenerate the SBOM if we're not a git repository.
+    if not is_root_directory_git_index():
+        print("Skipping SBOM generation due to not being a git repository")
+        return
+
     create_source_sbom()
     create_externals_sbom()
 
diff --git a/Tools/build/regen-configure.sh b/Tools/build/regen-configure.sh
index e34a36c1a573e5..e1ecefddeb8732 100755
--- a/Tools/build/regen-configure.sh
+++ b/Tools/build/regen-configure.sh
@@ -2,15 +2,13 @@
 
 set -e -x
 
-# The check_generated_files job of .github/workflows/build.yml must kept in
+# The check_autoconf_regen job of .github/workflows/build.yml must kept in
 # sync with this script. Use the same container image than the job so the job
 # doesn't need to run autoreconf in a container.
-IMAGE="ubuntu:22.04"
-DEPENDENCIES="autotools-dev autoconf autoconf-archive pkg-config"
+IMAGE="ghcr.io/python/autoconf:2024.10.16.11360930377"
 AUTORECONF="autoreconf -ivf -Werror"
 
 WORK_DIR="/src"
-SHELL_CMD="apt-get update && apt-get -yq install $DEPENDENCIES && cd $WORK_DIR && $AUTORECONF"
 
 abs_srcdir=$(cd $(dirname $0)/../..; pwd)
 
@@ -28,4 +26,4 @@ if command -v selinuxenabled >/dev/null && selinuxenabled; then
     PATH_OPT=":Z"
 fi
 
-"$RUNTIME" run --rm -v "$abs_srcdir:$WORK_DIR$PATH_OPT" "$IMAGE" /usr/bin/bash -c "$SHELL_CMD"
+"$RUNTIME" run --rm -v "$abs_srcdir:$WORK_DIR$PATH_OPT" "$IMAGE"
diff --git a/Tools/build/stable_abi.py b/Tools/build/stable_abi.py
index 8b01c91e0d6bb3..2874c436c1ebc9 100644
--- a/Tools/build/stable_abi.py
+++ b/Tools/build/stable_abi.py
@@ -25,6 +25,8 @@
 import csv
 
 SCRIPT_NAME = 'Tools/build/stable_abi.py'
+DEFAULT_MANIFEST_PATH = (
+    Path(__file__).parent / '../../Misc/stable_abi.toml').resolve()
 MISSING = object()
 
 EXCLUDED_HEADERS = {
@@ -225,9 +227,9 @@ def sort_key(item):
             key=sort_key):
         write(f'EXPORT_DATA({item.name})')
 
-REST_ROLES = {
-    'function': 'function',
-    'data': 'var',
+ITEM_KIND_TO_DOC_ROLE = {
+    'function': 'func',
+    'data': 'data',
     'struct': 'type',
     'macro': 'macro',
     # 'const': 'const',  # all undocumented
@@ -236,22 +238,28 @@ def sort_key(item):
 
 @generator("doc_list", 'Doc/data/stable_abi.dat')
 def gen_doc_annotations(manifest, args, outfile):
-    """Generate/check the stable ABI list for documentation annotations"""
+    """Generate/check the stable ABI list for documentation annotations
+
+    See ``StableABIEntry`` in ``Doc/tools/extensions/c_annotations.py``
+    for a description of each field.
+    """
     writer = csv.DictWriter(
         outfile,
         ['role', 'name', 'added', 'ifdef_note', 'struct_abi_kind'],
         lineterminator='\n')
     writer.writeheader()
-    for item in manifest.select(REST_ROLES.keys(), include_abi_only=False):
+    kinds = set(ITEM_KIND_TO_DOC_ROLE)
+    for item in manifest.select(kinds, include_abi_only=False):
         if item.ifdef:
             ifdef_note = manifest.contents[item.ifdef].doc
         else:
             ifdef_note = None
         row = {
-            'role': REST_ROLES[item.kind],
+            'role': ITEM_KIND_TO_DOC_ROLE[item.kind],
             'name': item.name,
             'added': item.added,
-            'ifdef_note': ifdef_note}
+            'ifdef_note': ifdef_note,
+        }
         rows = [row]
         if item.kind == 'struct':
             row['struct_abi_kind'] = item.struct_abi_kind
@@ -259,7 +267,8 @@ def gen_doc_annotations(manifest, args, outfile):
                 rows.append({
                     'role': 'member',
                     'name': f'{item.name}.{member_name}',
-                    'added': item.added})
+                    'added': item.added,
+                })
         writer.writerows(rows)
 
 @generator("ctypes_test", 'Lib/test/test_stable_abi_ctypes.py')
@@ -634,8 +643,9 @@ def main():
         formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter,
     )
     parser.add_argument(
-        "file", type=Path, metavar='FILE',
-        help="file with the stable abi manifest",
+        "file", type=Path, metavar='FILE', nargs='?',
+        default=DEFAULT_MANIFEST_PATH,
+        help=f"file with the stable abi manifest (default: {DEFAULT_MANIFEST_PATH})",
     )
     parser.add_argument(
         "--generate", action='store_true',
@@ -677,7 +687,7 @@ def main():
 
     if args.list:
         for gen in generators:
-            print(f'{gen.arg_name}: {base_path / gen.default_path}')
+            print(f'{gen.arg_name}: {(base_path / gen.default_path).resolve()}')
         sys.exit(0)
 
     run_all_generators = args.generate_all
@@ -728,8 +738,10 @@ def main():
 
     if not results:
         if args.generate:
-            parser.error('No file specified. Use --help for usage.')
-        parser.error('No check specified. Use --help for usage.')
+            parser.error('No file specified. Use --generate-all to regenerate '
+                         + 'all files, or --help for usage.')
+        parser.error('No check specified. Use --all to check all files, '
+                     + 'or --help for usage.')
 
     failed_results = [name for name, result in results.items() if not result]
 
diff --git a/Tools/c-analyzer/c_parser/parser/_regexes.py b/Tools/c-analyzer/c_parser/parser/_regexes.py
index 5695daff67d6bd..c1a8ab3ad2f15d 100644
--- a/Tools/c-analyzer/c_parser/parser/_regexes.py
+++ b/Tools/c-analyzer/c_parser/parser/_regexes.py
@@ -72,6 +72,7 @@ def _ind(text, level=1, edges='both'):
             long |
             float |
             double |
+            _Complex |
             void |
 
             struct |
@@ -121,6 +122,16 @@ def _ind(text, level=1, edges='both'):
             |
             (?: signed | unsigned )  # implies int
             |
+            (?:
+                (?: (?: float | double | long\s+double ) \s+ )?
+                _Complex
+            )
+            |
+            (?:
+                _Complex
+                (?: \s+ (?: float | double | long\s+double ) )?
+            )
+            |
             (?:
                 (?: (?: signed | unsigned ) \s+ )?
                 (?: (?: long | short ) \s+ )?
diff --git a/Tools/c-analyzer/c_parser/preprocessor/gcc.py b/Tools/c-analyzer/c_parser/preprocessor/gcc.py
index bb5ec5ae087a74..d20cd19f6e6d5e 100644
--- a/Tools/c-analyzer/c_parser/preprocessor/gcc.py
+++ b/Tools/c-analyzer/c_parser/preprocessor/gcc.py
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ def _iter_top_include_lines(lines, topfile, cwd,
                             raw):
     partial = 0  # depth
     files = [topfile]
-    # We start at 1 in case there are source lines (including blank onces)
+    # We start at 1 in case there are source lines (including blank ones)
     # before the first marker line.  Also, we already verified in
     # _parse_marker_line() that the preprocessor reported lno as 1.
     lno = 1
diff --git a/Tools/c-analyzer/cpython/_parser.py b/Tools/c-analyzer/cpython/_parser.py
index 4623f2c8d671bd..3a73f65f8ff7b3 100644
--- a/Tools/c-analyzer/cpython/_parser.py
+++ b/Tools/c-analyzer/cpython/_parser.py
@@ -120,11 +120,14 @@ def clean_lines(text):
 Modules/_decimal/**/*.c	Modules/_decimal/libmpdec
 Modules/_elementtree.c	Modules/expat
 Modules/_hacl/*.c	Modules/_hacl/include
+Modules/_hacl/*.c	Modules/_hacl/
 Modules/_hacl/*.h	Modules/_hacl/include
+Modules/_hacl/*.h	Modules/_hacl/
 Modules/md5module.c	Modules/_hacl/include
 Modules/sha1module.c	Modules/_hacl/include
 Modules/sha2module.c	Modules/_hacl/include
 Modules/sha3module.c	Modules/_hacl/include
+Modules/blake2module.c	Modules/_hacl/include
 Objects/stringlib/*.h	Objects
 
 # possible system-installed headers, just in case
@@ -326,6 +329,7 @@ def clean_lines(text):
     _abs('Python/parking_lot.c'): (40_000, 1000),
     _abs('Python/pylifecycle.c'): (500_000, 5000),
     _abs('Python/pystate.c'): (500_000, 5000),
+    _abs('Python/initconfig.c'): (50_000, 500),
 
     # Generated files:
     _abs('Include/internal/pycore_opcode.h'): (10_000, 1000),
diff --git a/Tools/c-analyzer/cpython/globals-to-fix.tsv b/Tools/c-analyzer/cpython/globals-to-fix.tsv
index 4586a59f6ac2ef..badd7b79102310 100644
--- a/Tools/c-analyzer/cpython/globals-to-fix.tsv
+++ b/Tools/c-analyzer/cpython/globals-to-fix.tsv
@@ -358,7 +358,6 @@ Modules/_testclinic.c	-	TestClass	-
 ##-----------------------
 ## static types
 
-Modules/_cursesmodule.c	-	PyCursesWindow_Type	-
 Modules/_datetimemodule.c	-	PyDateTime_DateTimeType	-
 Modules/_datetimemodule.c	-	PyDateTime_DateType	-
 Modules/_datetimemodule.c	-	PyDateTime_DeltaType	-
@@ -383,7 +382,6 @@ Modules/_tkinter.c	-	Tktt_Type	-
 Modules/xxlimited_35.c	-	Xxo_Type	-
 
 ## exception types
-Modules/_cursesmodule.c	-	PyCursesError	-
 Modules/_tkinter.c	-	Tkinter_TclError	-
 Modules/xxlimited_35.c	-	ErrorObject	-
 Modules/xxmodule.c	-	ErrorObject	-
@@ -391,10 +389,6 @@ Modules/xxmodule.c	-	ErrorObject	-
 ##-----------------------
 ## other
 
-## initialized once
-Modules/_cursesmodule.c	-	ModDict	-
-Modules/_datetimemodule.c	datetime_strptime	module	-
-
 ## state
 Modules/_datetimemodule.c	-	_datetime_global_state	-
 Modules/_tkinter.c	-	tcl_lock	-
@@ -413,10 +407,11 @@ Modules/_tkinter.c	-	trbInCmd	-
 Include/datetime.h	-	PyDateTimeAPI	-
 Modules/_ctypes/cfield.c	_ctypes_get_fielddesc	initialized	-
 Modules/_ctypes/malloc_closure.c	-	_pagesize	-
-Modules/_cursesmodule.c	-	initialised	-
-Modules/_cursesmodule.c	-	initialised_setupterm	-
-Modules/_cursesmodule.c	-	initialisedcolors	-
-Modules/_cursesmodule.c	-	screen_encoding	-
+Modules/_cursesmodule.c	-	curses_module_loaded	-
+Modules/_cursesmodule.c	-	curses_initscr_called	-
+Modules/_cursesmodule.c	-	curses_setupterm_called	-
+Modules/_cursesmodule.c	-	curses_start_color_called	-
+Modules/_cursesmodule.c	-	curses_screen_encoding	-
 Modules/_elementtree.c	-	expat_capi	-
 Modules/readline.c	-	libedit_append_replace_history_offset	-
 Modules/readline.c	-	using_libedit_emulation	-
diff --git a/Tools/c-analyzer/cpython/ignored.tsv b/Tools/c-analyzer/cpython/ignored.tsv
index 466f25daa14dc6..2605825d3d0078 100644
--- a/Tools/c-analyzer/cpython/ignored.tsv
+++ b/Tools/c-analyzer/cpython/ignored.tsv
@@ -90,6 +90,7 @@ Python/initconfig.c	-	_Py_StandardStreamErrors	-
 
 # Internal constant list
 Python/initconfig.c	-	PYCONFIG_SPEC	-
+Python/initconfig.c	-	PYPRECONFIG_SPEC	-
 
 
 ##-----------------------
@@ -344,9 +345,9 @@ Python/ast_opt.c	fold_unaryop	ops	-
 Python/ceval.c	-	_PyEval_BinaryOps	-
 Python/ceval.c	-	_Py_INTERPRETER_TRAMPOLINE_INSTRUCTIONS	-
 Python/codecs.c	-	Py_hexdigits	-
+Python/codecs.c	-	codecs_builtin_error_handlers	-
 Python/codecs.c	-	ucnhash_capi	-
 Python/codecs.c	_PyCodec_InitRegistry	methods	-
-Python/compile.c	-	NO_LABEL	-
 Python/compile.c	-	NO_LOCATION	-
 Python/dynload_shlib.c	-	_PyImport_DynLoadFiletab	-
 Python/dynload_stub.c	-	_PyImport_DynLoadFiletab	-
@@ -388,10 +389,8 @@ Python/optimizer.c	-	_PyUOpExecutor_Type	-
 Python/optimizer.c	-	_PyUOpOptimizer_Type	-
 Python/optimizer.c	-	_PyOptimizer_Default	-
 Python/optimizer.c	-	_ColdExit_Type	-
-Python/optimizer.c	-	COLD_EXITS	-
 Python/optimizer.c	-	Py_FatalErrorExecutor	-
 Python/optimizer.c	-	EMPTY_FILTER	-
-Python/optimizer.c	-	cold_exits_initialized	-
 
 ##-----------------------
 ## test code
@@ -455,6 +454,9 @@ Modules/_testcapi/watchers.c	-	num_code_object_destroyed_events	-
 Modules/_testcapi/watchers.c	-	pyfunc_watchers	-
 Modules/_testcapi/watchers.c	-	func_watcher_ids	-
 Modules/_testcapi/watchers.c	-	func_watcher_callbacks	-
+Modules/_testcapi/watchers.c	-	context_watcher_ids	-
+Modules/_testcapi/watchers.c	-	context_switches	-
+Modules/_testcapi/watchers.c	add_context_watcher	callbacks	-
 Modules/_testcapimodule.c	-	BasicStaticTypes	-
 Modules/_testcapimodule.c	-	num_basic_static_types_used	-
 Modules/_testcapimodule.c	-	ContainerNoGC_members	-
@@ -592,6 +594,7 @@ Modules/_testmultiphase.c	-	slots_nonmodule_with_exec_slots	-
 Modules/_testmultiphase.c	-	testexport_methods	-
 Modules/_testmultiphase.c	-	uninitialized_def	-
 Modules/_testsinglephase.c	-	global_state	-
+Modules/_testsinglephase.c	-	static_module_circular	-
 Modules/_xxtestfuzz/_xxtestfuzz.c	-	_fuzzmodule	-
 Modules/_xxtestfuzz/_xxtestfuzz.c	-	module_methods	-
 Modules/_xxtestfuzz/fuzzer.c	-	RE_FLAG_DEBUG	-
@@ -744,3 +747,7 @@ Modules/clinic/md5module.c.h	_md5_md5	_keywords	-
 Modules/clinic/grpmodule.c.h	grp_getgrgid	_keywords	-
 Modules/clinic/grpmodule.c.h	grp_getgrnam	_keywords	-
 Objects/object.c	-	constants	static PyObject*[]
+
+
+## False positives
+Python/specialize.c	-	_Py_InitCleanup	-
diff --git a/Tools/cases_generator/analyzer.py b/Tools/cases_generator/analyzer.py
index e44bebd8f3c4a4..f41a8d161099df 100644
--- a/Tools/cases_generator/analyzer.py
+++ b/Tools/cases_generator/analyzer.py
@@ -1,20 +1,19 @@
 from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+import itertools
 import lexer
 import parser
 import re
 from typing import Optional
 
-
 @dataclass
 class Properties:
-    escapes: bool
+    escaping_calls: dict[lexer.Token, tuple[lexer.Token, lexer.Token]]
     error_with_pop: bool
     error_without_pop: bool
     deopts: bool
     oparg: bool
     jumps: bool
     eval_breaker: bool
-    ends_with_eval_breaker: bool
     needs_this: bool
     always_exits: bool
     stores_sp: bool
@@ -27,23 +26,30 @@ class Properties:
     tier: int | None = None
     oparg_and_1: bool = False
     const_oparg: int = -1
+    needs_prev: bool = False
 
     def dump(self, indent: str) -> None:
-        print(indent, end="")
-        text = ", ".join([f"{key}: {value}" for (key, value) in self.__dict__.items()])
+        simple_properties = self.__dict__.copy()
+        del simple_properties["escaping_calls"]
+        text = "escaping_calls:\n"
+        for tkns in self.escaping_calls.values():
+            text += f"{indent}    {tkns}\n"
+        text += ", ".join([f"{key}: {value}" for (key, value) in simple_properties.items()])
         print(indent, text, sep="")
 
     @staticmethod
     def from_list(properties: list["Properties"]) -> "Properties":
+        escaping_calls: dict[lexer.Token, tuple[lexer.Token, lexer.Token]] = {}
+        for p in properties:
+            escaping_calls.update(p.escaping_calls)
         return Properties(
-            escapes=any(p.escapes for p in properties),
+            escaping_calls=escaping_calls,
             error_with_pop=any(p.error_with_pop for p in properties),
             error_without_pop=any(p.error_without_pop for p in properties),
             deopts=any(p.deopts for p in properties),
             oparg=any(p.oparg for p in properties),
             jumps=any(p.jumps for p in properties),
             eval_breaker=any(p.eval_breaker for p in properties),
-            ends_with_eval_breaker=any(p.ends_with_eval_breaker for p in properties),
             needs_this=any(p.needs_this for p in properties),
             always_exits=any(p.always_exits for p in properties),
             stores_sp=any(p.stores_sp for p in properties),
@@ -53,23 +59,25 @@ def from_list(properties: list["Properties"]) -> "Properties":
             has_free=any(p.has_free for p in properties),
             side_exit=any(p.side_exit for p in properties),
             pure=all(p.pure for p in properties),
+            needs_prev=any(p.needs_prev for p in properties),
         )
 
     @property
     def infallible(self) -> bool:
         return not self.error_with_pop and not self.error_without_pop
 
-
+    @property
+    def escapes(self) -> bool:
+        return bool(self.escaping_calls)
 
 SKIP_PROPERTIES = Properties(
-    escapes=False,
+    escaping_calls={},
     error_with_pop=False,
     error_without_pop=False,
     deopts=False,
     oparg=False,
     jumps=False,
     eval_breaker=False,
-    ends_with_eval_breaker=False,
     needs_this=False,
     always_exits=False,
     stores_sp=False,
@@ -78,7 +86,7 @@ def infallible(self) -> bool:
     uses_locals=False,
     has_free=False,
     side_exit=False,
-    pure=False,
+    pure=True,
 )
 
 
@@ -96,6 +104,20 @@ def properties(self) -> Properties:
         return SKIP_PROPERTIES
 
 
+class Flush:
+    @property
+    def properties(self) -> Properties:
+        return SKIP_PROPERTIES
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        return "flush"
+
+    @property
+    def size(self) -> int:
+        return 0
+
+
 @dataclass
 class StackItem:
     name: str
@@ -103,15 +125,19 @@ class StackItem:
     condition: str | None
     size: str
     peek: bool = False
+    used: bool = False
 
     def __str__(self) -> str:
         cond = f" if ({self.condition})" if self.condition else ""
-        size = f"[{self.size}]" if self.size != "1" else ""
+        size = f"[{self.size}]" if self.size else ""
         type = "" if self.type is None else f"{self.type} "
         return f"{type}{self.name}{size}{cond} {self.peek}"
 
     def is_array(self) -> bool:
-        return self.type == "PyObject **"
+        return self.size != ""
+
+    def get_size(self) -> str:
+        return self.size if self.size else "1"
 
 
 @dataclass
@@ -139,12 +165,14 @@ class Uop:
     annotations: list[str]
     stack: StackEffect
     caches: list[CacheEntry]
+    deferred_refs: dict[lexer.Token, str | None]
+    output_stores: list[lexer.Token]
     body: list[lexer.Token]
     properties: Properties
     _size: int = -1
     implicitly_created: bool = False
     replicated = 0
-    replicates : "Uop | None" = None
+    replicates: "Uop | None" = None
 
     def dump(self, indent: str) -> None:
         print(
@@ -174,13 +202,6 @@ def why_not_viable(self) -> str | None:
             return "has unused cache entries"
         if self.properties.error_with_pop and self.properties.error_without_pop:
             return "has both popping and not-popping errors"
-        if self.properties.eval_breaker:
-            if self.properties.error_with_pop or self.properties.error_without_pop:
-                return "has error handling and eval-breaker check"
-            if self.properties.side_exit:
-                return "exits and eval-breaker check"
-            if self.properties.deopts:
-                return "deopts and eval-breaker check"
         return None
 
     def is_viable(self) -> bool:
@@ -193,11 +214,12 @@ def is_super(self) -> bool:
         return False
 
 
-Part = Uop | Skip
+Part = Uop | Skip | Flush
 
 
 @dataclass
 class Instruction:
+    where: lexer.Token
     name: str
     parts: list[Part]
     _properties: Properties | None
@@ -237,6 +259,7 @@ class PseudoInstruction:
     name: str
     stack: StackEffect
     targets: list[Instruction]
+    as_sequence: bool
     flags: list[str]
     opcode: int = -1
 
@@ -288,22 +311,58 @@ def override_error(
     )
 
 
-def convert_stack_item(item: parser.StackEffect, replace_op_arg_1: str | None) -> StackItem:
+def convert_stack_item(
+    item: parser.StackEffect, replace_op_arg_1: str | None
+) -> StackItem:
     cond = item.cond
     if replace_op_arg_1 and OPARG_AND_1.match(item.cond):
         cond = replace_op_arg_1
-    return StackItem(
-        item.name, item.type, cond, (item.size or "1")
-    )
+    return StackItem(item.name, item.type, cond, item.size)
 
-def analyze_stack(op: parser.InstDef | parser.Pseudo, replace_op_arg_1: str | None = None) -> StackEffect:
+
+def analyze_stack(
+    op: parser.InstDef | parser.Pseudo, replace_op_arg_1: str | None = None
+) -> StackEffect:
     inputs: list[StackItem] = [
-        convert_stack_item(i, replace_op_arg_1) for i in op.inputs if isinstance(i, parser.StackEffect)
+        convert_stack_item(i, replace_op_arg_1)
+        for i in op.inputs
+        if isinstance(i, parser.StackEffect)
+    ]
+    outputs: list[StackItem] = [
+        convert_stack_item(i, replace_op_arg_1) for i in op.outputs
     ]
-    outputs: list[StackItem] = [convert_stack_item(i, replace_op_arg_1) for i in op.outputs]
-    for input, output in zip(inputs, outputs):
-        if input.name == output.name:
-            input.peek = output.peek = True
+    # Mark variables with matching names at the base of the stack as "peek"
+    modified = False
+    input_names: dict[str, lexer.Token] = { i.name : i.first_token for i in op.inputs if i.name != "unused" }
+    for input, output in itertools.zip_longest(inputs, outputs):
+        if output is None:
+            pass
+        elif input is None:
+            if output.name in input_names:
+                raise analysis_error(
+                    f"Reuse of variable '{output.name}' at different stack location",
+                    input_names[output.name])
+        elif input.name == output.name:
+            if not modified:
+                input.peek = output.peek = True
+        else:
+            modified = True
+            if output.name in input_names:
+                raise analysis_error(
+                    f"Reuse of variable '{output.name}' at different stack location",
+                    input_names[output.name])
+    if isinstance(op, parser.InstDef):
+        output_names = [out.name for out in outputs]
+        for input in inputs:
+            if (
+                variable_used(op, input.name)
+                or variable_used(op, "DECREF_INPUTS")
+                or (not input.peek and input.name in output_names)
+            ):
+                input.used = True
+        for output in outputs:
+            if variable_used(op, output.name):
+                output.used = True
     return StackEffect(inputs, outputs)
 
 
@@ -319,12 +378,112 @@ def analyze_caches(inputs: list[parser.InputEffect]) -> list[CacheEntry]:
     return [CacheEntry(i.name, int(i.size)) for i in caches]
 
 
+def find_assignment_target(node: parser.InstDef, idx: int) -> list[lexer.Token]:
+    """Find the tokens that make up the left-hand side of an assignment"""
+    offset = 0
+    for tkn in reversed(node.block.tokens[: idx]):
+        if tkn.kind in {"SEMI", "LBRACE", "RBRACE"}:
+            return node.block.tokens[idx - offset : idx]
+        offset += 1
+    return []
+
+
+def find_stores_outputs(node: parser.InstDef) -> list[lexer.Token]:
+    res: list[lexer.Token] = []
+    outnames = { out.name for out in node.outputs }
+    innames = { out.name for out in node.inputs }
+    for idx, tkn in enumerate(node.block.tokens):
+        if tkn.kind == "AND":
+            name = node.block.tokens[idx+1]
+            if name.text in outnames:
+                res.append(name)
+        if tkn.kind != "EQUALS":
+            continue
+        lhs = find_assignment_target(node, idx)
+        assert lhs
+        while lhs and lhs[0].kind == "COMMENT":
+            lhs = lhs[1:]
+        if len(lhs) != 1 or lhs[0].kind != "IDENTIFIER":
+            continue
+        name = lhs[0]
+        if name.text in innames:
+            raise analysis_error(f"Cannot assign to input variable '{name.text}'", name)
+        if name.text in outnames:
+            res.append(name)
+    return res
+
+def analyze_deferred_refs(node: parser.InstDef) -> dict[lexer.Token, str | None]:
+    """Look for PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew() calls"""
+
+    def in_frame_push(idx: int) -> bool:
+        for tkn in reversed(node.block.tokens[: idx - 1]):
+            if tkn.kind in {"SEMI", "LBRACE", "RBRACE"}:
+                return False
+            if tkn.kind == "IDENTIFIER" and tkn.text == "_PyFrame_PushUnchecked":
+                return True
+        return False
+
+    refs: dict[lexer.Token, str | None] = {}
+    for idx, tkn in enumerate(node.block.tokens):
+        if tkn.kind != "IDENTIFIER" or tkn.text != "PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew":
+            continue
+
+        if idx == 0 or node.block.tokens[idx - 1].kind != "EQUALS":
+            if in_frame_push(idx):
+                # PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew() is called in _PyFrame_PushUnchecked()
+                refs[tkn] = None
+                continue
+            raise analysis_error("Expected '=' before PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew", tkn)
+
+        lhs = find_assignment_target(node, idx - 1)
+        if len(lhs) == 0:
+            raise analysis_error(
+                "PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew() must be assigned to an output", tkn
+            )
+
+        if lhs[0].kind == "TIMES" or any(
+            t.kind == "ARROW" or t.kind == "LBRACKET" for t in lhs[1:]
+        ):
+            # Don't handle: *ptr = ..., ptr->field = ..., or ptr[field] = ...
+            # Assume that they are visible to the GC.
+            refs[tkn] = None
+            continue
+
+        if len(lhs) != 1 or lhs[0].kind != "IDENTIFIER":
+            raise analysis_error(
+                "PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew() must be assigned to an output", tkn
+            )
+
+        name = lhs[0].text
+        match = (
+            any(var.name == name for var in node.inputs)
+            or any(var.name == name for var in node.outputs)
+        )
+        if not match:
+            raise analysis_error(
+                f"PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew() must be assigned to an input or output, not '{name}'",
+                tkn,
+            )
+
+        refs[tkn] = name
+
+    return refs
+
+
 def variable_used(node: parser.InstDef, name: str) -> bool:
     """Determine whether a variable with a given name is used in a node."""
     return any(
-        token.kind == "IDENTIFIER" and token.text == name for token in node.tokens
+        token.kind == "IDENTIFIER" and token.text == name for token in node.block.tokens
+    )
+
+
+def oparg_used(node: parser.InstDef) -> bool:
+    """Determine whether `oparg` is used in a node."""
+    return any(
+        token.kind == "IDENTIFIER" and token.text == "oparg" for token in node.tokens
     )
 
+
 def tier_variable(node: parser.InstDef) -> int | None:
     """Determine whether a tier variable is used in a node."""
     for token in node.tokens:
@@ -335,6 +494,7 @@ def tier_variable(node: parser.InstDef) -> int | None:
                 return int(token.text[-1])
     return None
 
+
 def has_error_with_pop(op: parser.InstDef) -> bool:
     return (
         variable_used(op, "ERROR_IF")
@@ -343,6 +503,7 @@ def has_error_with_pop(op: parser.InstDef) -> bool:
         or variable_used(op, "resume_with_error")
     )
 
+
 def has_error_without_pop(op: parser.InstDef) -> bool:
     return (
         variable_used(op, "ERROR_NO_POP")
@@ -353,105 +514,204 @@ def has_error_without_pop(op: parser.InstDef) -> bool:
 
 
 NON_ESCAPING_FUNCTIONS = (
-    "Py_INCREF",
-    "_PyManagedDictPointer_IsValues",
-    "_PyObject_GetManagedDict",
-    "_PyObject_ManagedDictPointer",
-    "_PyObject_InlineValues",
-    "_PyDictValues_AddToInsertionOrder",
-    "Py_DECREF",
-    "Py_XDECREF",
-    "_Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED",
-    "DECREF_INPUTS_AND_REUSE_FLOAT",
-    "PyUnicode_Append",
-    "_PyLong_IsZero",
-    "Py_SIZE",
-    "Py_TYPE",
+    "PyCFunction_GET_FLAGS",
+    "PyCFunction_GET_FUNCTION",
+    "PyCFunction_GET_SELF",
+    "PyCell_GetRef",
+    "PyCell_New",
+    "PyCell_SwapTakeRef",
+    "PyExceptionInstance_Class",
+    "PyException_GetCause",
+    "PyException_GetContext",
+    "PyException_GetTraceback",
+    "PyFloat_AS_DOUBLE",
+    "PyFloat_FromDouble",
+    "PyFunction_GET_CODE",
+    "PyFunction_GET_GLOBALS",
     "PyList_GET_ITEM",
+    "PyList_GET_SIZE",
     "PyList_SET_ITEM",
+    "PyLong_AsLong",
+    "PyLong_FromLong",
+    "PyLong_FromSsize_t",
+    "PySlice_New",
+    "PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow",
+    "PyStackRef_AsPyObjectNew",
+    "PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal",
+    "PyStackRef_CLEAR",
+    "PyStackRef_CLOSE",
+    "PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED",
+    "PyStackRef_DUP",
+    "PyStackRef_False",
+    "PyStackRef_FromPyObjectImmortal",
+    "PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew",
+    "PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal",
+    "PyStackRef_Is",
+    "PyStackRef_IsNull",
+    "PyStackRef_None",
+    "PyStackRef_TYPE",
+    "PyStackRef_True",
     "PyTuple_GET_ITEM",
-    "PyList_GET_SIZE",
     "PyTuple_GET_SIZE",
+    "PyType_HasFeature",
+    "PyUnicode_Append",
+    "PyUnicode_Concat",
+    "PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH",
+    "PyUnicode_READ_CHAR",
     "Py_ARRAY_LENGTH",
+    "Py_CLEAR",
+    "Py_DECREF",
+    "Py_FatalError",
+    "Py_INCREF",
+    "Py_IS_TYPE",
+    "Py_NewRef",
+    "Py_REFCNT",
+    "Py_SIZE",
+    "Py_TYPE",
+    "Py_UNREACHABLE",
     "Py_Unicode_GET_LENGTH",
-    "PyUnicode_READ_CHAR",
-    "_Py_SINGLETON",
-    "PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH",
-    "_PyLong_IsCompact",
-    "_PyLong_IsNonNegativeCompact",
+    "Py_XDECREF",
+    "_PyCode_CODE",
+    "_PyDictValues_AddToInsertionOrder",
+    "_PyErr_Occurred",
+    "_PyEval_FrameClearAndPop",
+    "_PyFloat_FromDouble_ConsumeInputs",
+    "_PyFrame_GetCode",
+    "_PyFrame_IsIncomplete",
+    "_PyFrame_PushUnchecked",
+    "_PyFrame_SetStackPointer",
+    "_PyFrame_StackPush",
+    "_PyFunction_SetVersion",
+    "_PyGen_GetGeneratorFromFrame",
+    "_PyInterpreterState_GET",
+    "_PyList_AppendTakeRef",
+    "_PyList_FromStackRefSteal",
+    "_PyList_ITEMS",
+    "_PyLong_Add",
     "_PyLong_CompactValue",
     "_PyLong_DigitCount",
-    "_Py_NewRef",
-    "_Py_IsImmortal",
-    "PyLong_FromLong",
-    "_Py_STR",
-    "_PyLong_Add",
+    "_PyLong_IsCompact",
+    "_PyLong_IsNonNegativeCompact",
+    "_PyLong_IsZero",
     "_PyLong_Multiply",
     "_PyLong_Subtract",
-    "Py_NewRef",
-    "_PyList_ITEMS",
-    "_PyTuple_ITEMS",
-    "_PyList_AppendTakeRef",
-    "_Py_atomic_load_uintptr_relaxed",
-    "_PyFrame_GetCode",
+    "_PyManagedDictPointer_IsValues",
+    "_PyObject_GC_IS_TRACKED",
+    "_PyObject_GC_MAY_BE_TRACKED",
+    "_PyObject_GC_TRACK",
+    "_PyObject_GetManagedDict",
+    "_PyObject_InlineValues",
+    "_PyObject_ManagedDictPointer",
     "_PyThreadState_HasStackSpace",
-    "_PyUnicode_Equal",
-    "_PyFrame_SetStackPointer",
-    "_PyType_HasFeature",
-    "PyUnicode_Concat",
-    "_PyList_FromArraySteal",
     "_PyTuple_FromArraySteal",
-    "PySlice_New",
+    "_PyTuple_FromStackRefSteal",
+    "_PyTuple_ITEMS",
+    "_PyType_HasFeature",
+    "_PyType_NewManagedObject",
+    "_PyUnicode_Equal",
+    "_PyUnicode_JoinArray",
+    "_Py_CHECK_EMSCRIPTEN_SIGNALS_PERIODICALLY",
+    "_Py_DECREF_NO_DEALLOC",
+    "_Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED",
+    "_Py_EnterRecursiveCallTstateUnchecked",
+    "_Py_ID",
+    "_Py_IsImmortal",
     "_Py_LeaveRecursiveCallPy",
-    "CALL_STAT_INC",
-    "STAT_INC",
+    "_Py_LeaveRecursiveCallTstate",
+    "_Py_NewRef",
+    "_Py_SINGLETON",
+    "_Py_STR",
+    "_Py_atomic_load_uintptr_relaxed",
+    "_Py_set_eval_breaker_bit",
+    "advance_backoff_counter",
+    "assert",
+    "backoff_counter_triggers",
+    "initial_temperature_backoff_counter",
     "maybe_lltrace_resume_frame",
-    "_PyUnicode_JoinArray",
-    "_PyEval_FrameClearAndPop",
-    "_PyFrame_StackPush",
-    "PyCell_New",
-    "PyFloat_AS_DOUBLE",
-    "_PyFrame_PushUnchecked",
-    "Py_FatalError",
-)
-
-ESCAPING_FUNCTIONS = (
-    "import_name",
-    "import_from",
+    "restart_backoff_counter",
 )
 
-
-def makes_escaping_api_call(instr: parser.InstDef) -> bool:
-    if "CALL_INTRINSIC" in instr.name:
-        return True
-    if instr.name == "_BINARY_OP":
-        return True
-    tkns = iter(instr.tokens)
-    for tkn in tkns:
-        if tkn.kind != lexer.IDENTIFIER:
-            continue
+def find_stmt_start(node: parser.InstDef, idx: int) -> lexer.Token:
+    assert idx < len(node.block.tokens)
+    while True:
+        tkn = node.block.tokens[idx-1]
+        if tkn.kind in {"SEMI", "LBRACE", "RBRACE"}:
+            break
+        idx -= 1
+        assert idx > 0
+    while node.block.tokens[idx].kind == "COMMENT":
+        idx += 1
+    return node.block.tokens[idx]
+
+
+def find_stmt_end(node: parser.InstDef, idx: int) -> lexer.Token:
+    assert idx < len(node.block.tokens)
+    while True:
+        idx += 1
+        tkn = node.block.tokens[idx]
+        if tkn.kind == "SEMI":
+            return node.block.tokens[idx+1]
+
+def check_escaping_calls(instr: parser.InstDef, escapes: dict[lexer.Token, tuple[lexer.Token, lexer.Token]]) -> None:
+    calls = {escapes[t][0] for t in escapes}
+    in_if = 0
+    tkn_iter = iter(instr.block.tokens)
+    for tkn in tkn_iter:
+        if tkn.kind == "IF":
+            next(tkn_iter)
+            in_if = 1
+        if tkn.kind == "IDENTIFIER" and tkn.text in ("DEOPT_IF", "ERROR_IF"):
+            next(tkn_iter)
+            in_if = 1
+        elif tkn.kind == "LPAREN" and in_if:
+            in_if += 1
+        elif tkn.kind == "RPAREN":
+            if in_if:
+                in_if -= 1
+        elif tkn in calls and in_if:
+            raise analysis_error(f"Escaping call '{tkn.text} in condition", tkn)
+
+def find_escaping_api_calls(instr: parser.InstDef) -> dict[lexer.Token, tuple[lexer.Token, lexer.Token]]:
+    result: dict[lexer.Token, tuple[lexer.Token, lexer.Token]] = {}
+    tokens = instr.block.tokens
+    for idx, tkn in enumerate(tokens):
         try:
-            next_tkn = next(tkns)
-        except StopIteration:
-            return False
+            next_tkn = tokens[idx+1]
+        except IndexError:
+            break
+        if tkn.kind == "SWITCH":
+            raise analysis_error(f"switch statements are not supported due to their complex flow control. Sorry.", tkn)
         if next_tkn.kind != lexer.LPAREN:
             continue
-        if tkn.text in ESCAPING_FUNCTIONS:
-            return True
-        if tkn.text == "tp_vectorcall":
-            return True
-        if not tkn.text.startswith("Py") and not tkn.text.startswith("_Py"):
-            continue
-        if tkn.text.endswith("Check"):
-            continue
-        if tkn.text.startswith("Py_Is"):
+        if tkn.kind == lexer.IDENTIFIER:
+            if tkn.text.upper() == tkn.text:
+                # simple macro
+                continue
+            #if not tkn.text.startswith(("Py", "_Py", "monitor")):
+            #    continue
+            if tkn.text.startswith(("sym_", "optimize_")):
+                # Optimize functions
+                continue
+            if tkn.text.endswith("Check"):
+                continue
+            if tkn.text.startswith("Py_Is"):
+                continue
+            if tkn.text.endswith("CheckExact"):
+                continue
+            if tkn.text in NON_ESCAPING_FUNCTIONS:
+                continue
+        elif tkn.kind == "RPAREN":
+            prev = tokens[idx-1]
+            if prev.text.endswith("_t") or prev.text == "*" or prev.text == "int":
+                #cast
+                continue
+        elif tkn.kind != "RBRACKET":
             continue
-        if tkn.text.endswith("CheckExact"):
-            continue
-        if tkn.text in NON_ESCAPING_FUNCTIONS:
-            continue
-        return True
-    return False
+        start = find_stmt_start(instr, idx)
+        end = find_stmt_end(instr, idx)
+        result[start] = tkn, end
+    check_escaping_calls(instr, result)
+    return result
 
 
 EXITS = {
@@ -463,10 +723,6 @@ def makes_escaping_api_call(instr: parser.InstDef) -> bool:
 }
 
 
-def eval_breaker_at_end(op: parser.InstDef) -> bool:
-    return op.tokens[-5].text == "CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER"
-
-
 def always_exits(op: parser.InstDef) -> bool:
     depth = 0
     tkn_iter = iter(op.tokens)
@@ -488,7 +744,7 @@ def always_exits(op: parser.InstDef) -> bool:
             if tkn.text == "DEOPT_IF" or tkn.text == "ERROR_IF":
                 next(tkn_iter)  # '('
                 t = next(tkn_iter)
-                if t.text == "true":
+                if t.text in ("true", "1"):
                     return True
     return False
 
@@ -506,8 +762,10 @@ def stack_effect_only_peeks(instr: parser.InstDef) -> bool:
         for s, other in zip(stack_inputs, instr.outputs)
     )
 
+
 OPARG_AND_1 = re.compile("\\(*oparg *& *1")
 
+
 def effect_depends_on_oparg_1(op: parser.InstDef) -> bool:
     for effect in op.inputs:
         if isinstance(effect, parser.CacheEffect):
@@ -523,7 +781,9 @@ def effect_depends_on_oparg_1(op: parser.InstDef) -> bool:
             return True
     return False
 
+
 def compute_properties(op: parser.InstDef) -> Properties:
+    escaping_calls = find_escaping_api_calls(op)
     has_free = (
         variable_used(op, "PyCell_New")
         or variable_used(op, "PyCell_GetRef")
@@ -544,15 +804,14 @@ def compute_properties(op: parser.InstDef) -> Properties:
     error_with_pop = has_error_with_pop(op)
     error_without_pop = has_error_without_pop(op)
     return Properties(
-        escapes=makes_escaping_api_call(op),
+        escaping_calls=escaping_calls,
         error_with_pop=error_with_pop,
         error_without_pop=error_without_pop,
         deopts=deopts_if,
         side_exit=exits_if,
-        oparg=variable_used(op, "oparg"),
+        oparg=oparg_used(op),
         jumps=variable_used(op, "JUMPBY"),
-        eval_breaker=variable_used(op, "CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER"),
-        ends_with_eval_breaker=eval_breaker_at_end(op),
+        eval_breaker="CHECK_PERIODIC" in op.name,
         needs_this=variable_used(op, "this_instr"),
         always_exits=always_exits(op),
         stores_sp=variable_used(op, "SYNC_SP"),
@@ -563,16 +822,24 @@ def compute_properties(op: parser.InstDef) -> Properties:
         has_free=has_free,
         pure="pure" in op.annotations,
         tier=tier_variable(op),
+        needs_prev=variable_used(op, "prev_instr"),
     )
 
 
-def make_uop(name: str, op: parser.InstDef, inputs: list[parser.InputEffect], uops: dict[str, Uop]) -> Uop:
+def make_uop(
+    name: str,
+    op: parser.InstDef,
+    inputs: list[parser.InputEffect],
+    uops: dict[str, Uop],
+) -> Uop:
     result = Uop(
         name=name,
         context=op.context,
         annotations=op.annotations,
         stack=analyze_stack(op),
         caches=analyze_caches(inputs),
+        deferred_refs=analyze_deferred_refs(op),
+        output_stores=find_stores_outputs(op),
         body=op.block.tokens,
         properties=compute_properties(op),
     )
@@ -583,13 +850,17 @@ def make_uop(name: str, op: parser.InstDef, inputs: list[parser.InputEffect], uo
             properties = compute_properties(op)
             if properties.oparg:
                 # May not need oparg anymore
-                properties.oparg = any(token.text == "oparg" for token in op.block.tokens)
+                properties.oparg = any(
+                    token.text == "oparg" for token in op.block.tokens
+                )
             rep = Uop(
                 name=name_x,
                 context=op.context,
                 annotations=op.annotations,
                 stack=analyze_stack(op, bit),
                 caches=analyze_caches(inputs),
+                deferred_refs=analyze_deferred_refs(op),
+                output_stores=find_stores_outputs(op),
                 body=op.block.tokens,
                 properties=properties,
             )
@@ -612,6 +883,8 @@ def make_uop(name: str, op: parser.InstDef, inputs: list[parser.InputEffect], uo
             annotations=op.annotations,
             stack=analyze_stack(op),
             caches=analyze_caches(inputs),
+            deferred_refs=analyze_deferred_refs(op),
+            output_stores=find_stores_outputs(op),
             body=op.block.tokens,
             properties=properties,
         )
@@ -632,9 +905,12 @@ def add_op(op: parser.InstDef, uops: dict[str, Uop]) -> None:
 
 
 def add_instruction(
-    name: str, parts: list[Part], instructions: dict[str, Instruction]
+    where: lexer.Token,
+    name: str,
+    parts: list[Part],
+    instructions: dict[str, Instruction],
 ) -> None:
-    instructions[name] = Instruction(name, parts, None)
+    instructions[name] = Instruction(where, name, parts, None)
 
 
 def desugar_inst(
@@ -662,25 +938,30 @@ def desugar_inst(
         parts.append(uop)
     else:
         parts[uop_index] = uop
-    add_instruction(name, parts, instructions)
+    add_instruction(inst.first_token, name, parts, instructions)
 
 
 def add_macro(
     macro: parser.Macro, instructions: dict[str, Instruction], uops: dict[str, Uop]
 ) -> None:
-    parts: list[Uop | Skip] = []
+    parts: list[Part] = []
     for part in macro.uops:
         match part:
             case parser.OpName():
-                if part.name not in uops:
-                    analysis_error(f"No Uop named {part.name}", macro.tokens[0])
-                parts.append(uops[part.name])
+                if part.name == "flush":
+                    parts.append(Flush())
+                else:
+                    if part.name not in uops:
+                        raise analysis_error(
+                            f"No Uop named {part.name}", macro.tokens[0]
+                        )
+                    parts.append(uops[part.name])
             case parser.CacheEffect():
                 parts.append(Skip(part.size))
             case _:
                 assert False
     assert parts
-    add_instruction(macro.name, parts, instructions)
+    add_instruction(macro.first_token, macro.name, parts, instructions)
 
 
 def add_family(
@@ -709,6 +990,7 @@ def add_pseudo(
         pseudo.name,
         analyze_stack(pseudo),
         [instructions[target] for target in pseudo.targets],
+        pseudo.as_sequence,
         pseudo.flags,
     )
 
@@ -736,15 +1018,10 @@ def assign_opcodes(
     instmap["BINARY_OP_INPLACE_ADD_UNICODE"] = 3
 
     instmap["INSTRUMENTED_LINE"] = 254
+    instmap["ENTER_EXECUTOR"] = 255
 
     instrumented = [name for name in instructions if name.startswith("INSTRUMENTED")]
 
-    # Special case: this instruction is implemented in ceval.c
-    # rather than bytecodes.c, so we need to add it explicitly
-    # here (at least until we add something to bytecodes.c to
-    # declare external instructions).
-    instrumented.append("INSTRUMENTED_LINE")
-
     specialized: set[str] = set()
     no_arg: list[str] = []
     has_arg: list[str] = []
diff --git a/Tools/cases_generator/cwriter.py b/Tools/cases_generator/cwriter.py
index 069f0177a74018..8cba9127fa3071 100644
--- a/Tools/cases_generator/cwriter.py
+++ b/Tools/cases_generator/cwriter.py
@@ -18,8 +18,9 @@ def __init__(self, out: TextIO, indent: int, line_directives: bool):
 
     def set_position(self, tkn: Token) -> None:
         if self.last_token is not None:
-            if self.last_token.line < tkn.line:
+            if self.last_token.end_line < tkn.line:
                 self.out.write("\n")
+            if self.last_token.line < tkn.line:
                 if self.line_directives:
                     self.out.write(f'#line {tkn.line} "{tkn.filename}"\n')
                 self.out.write(" " * self.indents[-1])
@@ -91,6 +92,8 @@ def emit_token(self, tkn: Token) -> None:
         self.maybe_dedent(tkn.text)
         self.set_position(tkn)
         self.emit_text(tkn.text)
+        if tkn.kind == "CMACRO":
+            self.newline = True
         self.maybe_indent(tkn.text)
 
     def emit_str(self, txt: str) -> None:
diff --git a/Tools/cases_generator/generators_common.py b/Tools/cases_generator/generators_common.py
index cc9eb8a0e90eeb..3b158f5ac4eb48 100644
--- a/Tools/cases_generator/generators_common.py
+++ b/Tools/cases_generator/generators_common.py
@@ -4,28 +4,66 @@
 from analyzer import (
     Instruction,
     Uop,
-    analyze_files,
     Properties,
-    Skip,
+    StackItem,
+    analysis_error,
 )
 from cwriter import CWriter
-from typing import Callable, Mapping, TextIO, Iterator
+from typing import Callable, Mapping, TextIO, Iterator, Iterable
 from lexer import Token
-from stack import StackOffset, Stack
+from stack import Stack, Local, Storage, StackError
 
+# Set this to true for voluminous output showing state of stack and locals
+PRINT_STACKS = False
 
-ROOT = Path(__file__).parent.parent.parent
-DEFAULT_INPUT = (ROOT / "Python/bytecodes.c").absolute().as_posix()
+class TokenIterator:
+
+    look_ahead: Token | None
+    iterator: Iterator[Token]
+
+    def __init__(self, tkns: Iterable[Token]):
+        self.iterator = iter(tkns)
+        self.look_ahead = None
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> "TokenIterator":
+        return self
+
+    def __next__(self) -> Token:
+        if self.look_ahead is None:
+            return next(self.iterator)
+        else:
+            res = self.look_ahead
+            self.look_ahead = None
+            return res
+
+    def peek(self) -> Token | None:
+        if self.look_ahead is None:
+            for tkn in self.iterator:
+                self.look_ahead = tkn
+                break
+        return self.look_ahead
+
+ROOT = Path(__file__).parent.parent.parent.resolve()
+DEFAULT_INPUT = (ROOT / "Python/bytecodes.c").as_posix()
 
 
 def root_relative_path(filename: str) -> str:
     try:
-        return Path(filename).absolute().relative_to(ROOT).as_posix()
+        return Path(filename).resolve().relative_to(ROOT).as_posix()
     except ValueError:
         # Not relative to root, just return original path.
         return filename
 
 
+def type_and_null(var: StackItem) -> tuple[str, str]:
+    if var.type:
+        return var.type, "NULL"
+    elif var.is_array():
+        return "_PyStackRef *", "NULL"
+    else:
+        return "_PyStackRef", "PyStackRef_NULL"
+
+
 def write_header(
     generator: str, sources: list[str], outfile: TextIO, comment: str = "//"
 ) -> None:
@@ -38,172 +76,454 @@ def write_header(
     )
 
 
-def emit_to(out: CWriter, tkn_iter: Iterator[Token], end: str) -> None:
+def emit_to(out: CWriter, tkn_iter: TokenIterator, end: str) -> Token:
     parens = 0
     for tkn in tkn_iter:
         if tkn.kind == end and parens == 0:
-            return
+            return tkn
         if tkn.kind == "LPAREN":
             parens += 1
         if tkn.kind == "RPAREN":
             parens -= 1
         out.emit(tkn)
+    raise analysis_error(f"Expecting {end}. Reached end of file", tkn)
 
 
-def replace_deopt(
-    out: CWriter,
-    tkn: Token,
-    tkn_iter: Iterator[Token],
-    uop: Uop,
-    unused: Stack,
-    inst: Instruction | None,
-) -> None:
-    out.emit_at("DEOPT_IF", tkn)
-    out.emit(next(tkn_iter))
-    emit_to(out, tkn_iter, "RPAREN")
-    next(tkn_iter)  # Semi colon
-    out.emit(", ")
-    assert inst is not None
-    assert inst.family is not None
-    out.emit(inst.family.name)
-    out.emit(");\n")
-
-
-def replace_error(
-    out: CWriter,
-    tkn: Token,
-    tkn_iter: Iterator[Token],
-    uop: Uop,
-    stack: Stack,
-    inst: Instruction | None,
-) -> None:
-    out.emit_at("if ", tkn)
-    out.emit(next(tkn_iter))
-    emit_to(out, tkn_iter, "COMMA")
-    label = next(tkn_iter).text
-    next(tkn_iter)  # RPAREN
-    next(tkn_iter)  # Semi colon
-    out.emit(") ")
-    c_offset = stack.peek_offset.to_c()
-    try:
-        offset = -int(c_offset)
-        close = ";\n"
-    except ValueError:
-        offset = None
-        out.emit(f"{{ stack_pointer += {c_offset}; ")
-        close = "; }\n"
-    out.emit("goto ")
-    if offset:
-        out.emit(f"pop_{offset}_")
-    out.emit(label)
-    out.emit(close)
-
-
-def replace_error_no_pop(
-    out: CWriter,
-    tkn: Token,
-    tkn_iter: Iterator[Token],
-    uop: Uop,
-    stack: Stack,
-    inst: Instruction | None,
-) -> None:
-    next(tkn_iter)  # LPAREN
-    next(tkn_iter)  # RPAREN
-    next(tkn_iter)  # Semi colon
-    out.emit_at("goto error;", tkn)
-
-
-def replace_decrefs(
-    out: CWriter,
-    tkn: Token,
-    tkn_iter: Iterator[Token],
-    uop: Uop,
-    stack: Stack,
-    inst: Instruction | None,
-) -> None:
-    next(tkn_iter)
-    next(tkn_iter)
-    next(tkn_iter)
-    out.emit_at("", tkn)
-    for var in uop.stack.inputs:
-        if var.name == "unused" or var.name == "null" or var.peek:
-            continue
-        if var.size != "1":
-            out.emit(f"for (int _i = {var.size}; --_i >= 0;) {{\n")
-            out.emit(f"Py_DECREF({var.name}[_i]);\n")
-            out.emit("}\n")
-        elif var.condition:
-            if var.condition == "1":
-                out.emit(f"Py_DECREF({var.name});\n")
-            elif var.condition != "0":
-                out.emit(f"Py_XDECREF({var.name});\n")
-        else:
-            out.emit(f"Py_DECREF({var.name});\n")
+ReplacementFunctionType = Callable[
+    [Token, TokenIterator, Uop, Storage, Instruction | None], bool
+]
 
+def always_true(tkn: Token | None) -> bool:
+    if tkn is None:
+        return False
+    return tkn.text in {"true", "1"}
 
-def replace_sync_sp(
-    out: CWriter,
-    tkn: Token,
-    tkn_iter: Iterator[Token],
-    uop: Uop,
-    stack: Stack,
-    inst: Instruction | None,
-) -> None:
-    next(tkn_iter)
-    next(tkn_iter)
-    next(tkn_iter)
-    stack.flush(out)
-
-
-def replace_check_eval_breaker(
-    out: CWriter,
-    tkn: Token,
-    tkn_iter: Iterator[Token],
-    uop: Uop,
-    stack: Stack,
-    inst: Instruction | None,
-) -> None:
-    next(tkn_iter)
-    next(tkn_iter)
-    next(tkn_iter)
-    if not uop.properties.ends_with_eval_breaker:
-        out.emit_at("CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();", tkn)
-
-
-REPLACEMENT_FUNCTIONS = {
-    "EXIT_IF": replace_deopt,
-    "DEOPT_IF": replace_deopt,
-    "ERROR_IF": replace_error,
-    "ERROR_NO_POP": replace_error_no_pop,
-    "DECREF_INPUTS": replace_decrefs,
-    "CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER": replace_check_eval_breaker,
-    "SYNC_SP": replace_sync_sp,
-}
 
-ReplacementFunctionType = Callable[
-    [CWriter, Token, Iterator[Token], Uop, Stack, Instruction | None], None
-]
+class Emitter:
+    out: CWriter
+    _replacers: dict[str, ReplacementFunctionType]
 
+    def __init__(self, out: CWriter):
+        self._replacers = {
+            "EXIT_IF": self.exit_if,
+            "DEOPT_IF": self.deopt_if,
+            "ERROR_IF": self.error_if,
+            "ERROR_NO_POP": self.error_no_pop,
+            "DECREF_INPUTS": self.decref_inputs,
+            "DEAD": self.kill,
+            "INPUTS_DEAD": self.kill_inputs,
+            "SYNC_SP": self.sync_sp,
+            "SAVE_STACK": self.save_stack,
+            "RELOAD_STACK": self.reload_stack,
+            "PyStackRef_CLOSE": self.stackref_close,
+            "PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED": self.stackref_close,
+            "PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal": self.stackref_steal,
+            "DISPATCH": self.dispatch
+        }
+        self.out = out
 
-def emit_tokens(
-    out: CWriter,
-    uop: Uop,
-    stack: Stack,
-    inst: Instruction | None,
-    replacement_functions: Mapping[
-        str, ReplacementFunctionType
-    ] = REPLACEMENT_FUNCTIONS,
-) -> None:
-    tkns = uop.body[1:-1]
-    if not tkns:
-        return
-    tkn_iter = iter(tkns)
-    out.start_line()
-    for tkn in tkn_iter:
-        if tkn.kind == "IDENTIFIER" and tkn.text in replacement_functions:
-            replacement_functions[tkn.text](out, tkn, tkn_iter, uop, stack, inst)
+    def dispatch(
+        self,
+        tkn: Token,
+        tkn_iter: TokenIterator,
+        uop: Uop,
+        storage: Storage,
+        inst: Instruction | None,
+    ) -> bool:
+        self.emit(tkn)
+        return False
+
+    def deopt_if(
+        self,
+        tkn: Token,
+        tkn_iter: TokenIterator,
+        uop: Uop,
+        storage: Storage,
+        inst: Instruction | None,
+    ) -> bool:
+        self.out.emit_at("DEOPT_IF", tkn)
+        lparen = next(tkn_iter)
+        self.emit(lparen)
+        assert lparen.kind == "LPAREN"
+        first_tkn = tkn_iter.peek()
+        emit_to(self.out, tkn_iter, "RPAREN")
+        next(tkn_iter)  # Semi colon
+        self.out.emit(", ")
+        assert inst is not None
+        assert inst.family is not None
+        self.out.emit(inst.family.name)
+        self.out.emit(");\n")
+        return not always_true(first_tkn)
+
+    exit_if = deopt_if
+
+    def error_if(
+        self,
+        tkn: Token,
+        tkn_iter: TokenIterator,
+        uop: Uop,
+        storage: Storage,
+        inst: Instruction | None,
+    ) -> bool:
+        lparen = next(tkn_iter)
+        assert lparen.kind == "LPAREN"
+        first_tkn = tkn_iter.peek()
+        unconditional = always_true(first_tkn)
+        if unconditional:
+            next(tkn_iter)
+            comma = next(tkn_iter)
+            if comma.kind != "COMMA":
+                raise analysis_error(f"Expected comma, got '{comma.text}'", comma)
+            self.out.start_line()
+        else:
+            self.out.emit_at("if ", tkn)
+            self.emit(lparen)
+            emit_to(self.out, tkn_iter, "COMMA")
+            self.out.emit(") ")
+        label = next(tkn_iter).text
+        next(tkn_iter)  # RPAREN
+        next(tkn_iter)  # Semi colon
+        storage.clear_inputs("at ERROR_IF")
+        c_offset = storage.stack.peek_offset()
+        try:
+            offset = -int(c_offset)
+        except ValueError:
+            offset = -1
+        if offset > 0:
+            self.out.emit(f"goto pop_{offset}_")
+            self.out.emit(label)
+            self.out.emit(";\n")
+        elif offset == 0:
+            self.out.emit("goto ")
+            self.out.emit(label)
+            self.out.emit(";\n")
+        else:
+            self.out.emit("{\n")
+            storage.copy().flush(self.out)
+            self.out.emit("goto ")
+            self.out.emit(label)
+            self.out.emit(";\n")
+            self.out.emit("}\n")
+        return not unconditional
+
+    def error_no_pop(
+        self,
+        tkn: Token,
+        tkn_iter: TokenIterator,
+        uop: Uop,
+        storage: Storage,
+        inst: Instruction | None,
+    ) -> bool:
+        next(tkn_iter)  # LPAREN
+        next(tkn_iter)  # RPAREN
+        next(tkn_iter)  # Semi colon
+        self.out.emit_at("goto error;", tkn)
+        return False
+
+    def decref_inputs(
+        self,
+        tkn: Token,
+        tkn_iter: TokenIterator,
+        uop: Uop,
+        storage: Storage,
+        inst: Instruction | None,
+    ) -> bool:
+        next(tkn_iter)
+        next(tkn_iter)
+        next(tkn_iter)
+        self.out.emit_at("", tkn)
+        for var in uop.stack.inputs:
+            if var.name == "unused" or var.name == "null" or var.peek:
+                continue
+            if var.size:
+                if var.size == "1":
+                    self.out.emit(f"PyStackRef_CLOSE({var.name}[0]);\n")
+                else:
+                    self.out.emit(f"for (int _i = {var.size}; --_i >= 0;) {{\n")
+                    self.out.emit(f"PyStackRef_CLOSE({var.name}[_i]);\n")
+                    self.out.emit("}\n")
+            elif var.condition:
+                if var.condition == "1":
+                    self.out.emit(f"PyStackRef_CLOSE({var.name});\n")
+                elif var.condition != "0":
+                    self.out.emit(f"PyStackRef_XCLOSE({var.name});\n")
+            else:
+                self.out.emit(f"PyStackRef_CLOSE({var.name});\n")
+        for input in storage.inputs:
+            input.defined = False
+        return True
+
+    def kill_inputs(
+        self,
+        tkn: Token,
+        tkn_iter: TokenIterator,
+        uop: Uop,
+        storage: Storage,
+        inst: Instruction | None,
+    ) -> bool:
+        next(tkn_iter)
+        next(tkn_iter)
+        next(tkn_iter)
+        for var in storage.inputs:
+            var.defined = False
+        return True
+
+    def kill(
+        self,
+        tkn: Token,
+        tkn_iter: TokenIterator,
+        uop: Uop,
+        storage: Storage,
+        inst: Instruction | None,
+    ) -> bool:
+        next(tkn_iter)
+        name_tkn = next(tkn_iter)
+        name = name_tkn.text
+        next(tkn_iter)
+        next(tkn_iter)
+        for var in storage.inputs:
+            if var.name == name:
+                var.defined = False
+                break
         else:
-            out.emit(tkn)
+            raise analysis_error(f"'{name}' is not a live input-only variable", name_tkn)
+        return True
+
+    def stackref_close(
+        self,
+        tkn: Token,
+        tkn_iter: TokenIterator,
+        uop: Uop,
+        storage: Storage,
+        inst: Instruction | None,
+    ) -> bool:
+        self.out.emit(tkn)
+        tkn = next(tkn_iter)
+        assert tkn.kind == "LPAREN"
+        self.out.emit(tkn)
+        name = next(tkn_iter)
+        self.out.emit(name)
+        if name.kind == "IDENTIFIER":
+            for var in storage.inputs:
+                if var.name == name.text:
+                    var.defined = False
+        rparen = emit_to(self.out, tkn_iter, "RPAREN")
+        self.emit(rparen)
+        return True
+
+    stackref_steal = stackref_close
+
+    def sync_sp(
+        self,
+        tkn: Token,
+        tkn_iter: TokenIterator,
+        uop: Uop,
+        storage: Storage,
+        inst: Instruction | None,
+    ) -> bool:
+        next(tkn_iter)
+        next(tkn_iter)
+        next(tkn_iter)
+        storage.clear_inputs("when syncing stack")
+        storage.flush(self.out)
+        self._print_storage(storage)
+        return True
+
+    def emit_save(self, storage: Storage) -> None:
+        storage.save(self.out)
+        self._print_storage(storage)
+
+    def save_stack(
+        self,
+        tkn: Token,
+        tkn_iter: TokenIterator,
+        uop: Uop,
+        storage: Storage,
+        inst: Instruction | None,
+    ) -> bool:
+        next(tkn_iter)
+        next(tkn_iter)
+        next(tkn_iter)
+        self.emit_save(storage)
+        return True
+
+    def emit_reload(self, storage: Storage) -> None:
+        storage.reload(self.out)
+        self._print_storage(storage)
+
+    def reload_stack(
+        self,
+        tkn: Token,
+        tkn_iter: TokenIterator,
+        uop: Uop,
+        storage: Storage,
+        inst: Instruction | None,
+    ) -> bool:
+        next(tkn_iter)
+        next(tkn_iter)
+        next(tkn_iter)
+        self.emit_reload(storage)
+        return True
+
+    def _print_storage(self, storage: Storage) -> None:
+        if PRINT_STACKS:
+            self.out.start_line()
+            self.emit(storage.as_comment())
+            self.out.start_line()
+
+    def _emit_if(
+        self,
+        tkn_iter: TokenIterator,
+        uop: Uop,
+        storage: Storage,
+        inst: Instruction | None,
+    ) -> tuple[bool, Token, Storage]:
+        """Returns (reachable?, closing '}', stack)."""
+        tkn = next(tkn_iter)
+        assert tkn.kind == "LPAREN"
+        self.out.emit(tkn)
+        rparen = emit_to(self.out, tkn_iter, "RPAREN")
+        self.emit(rparen)
+        if_storage = storage.copy()
+        reachable, rbrace, if_storage = self._emit_block(tkn_iter, uop, if_storage, inst, True)
+        try:
+            maybe_else = tkn_iter.peek()
+            if maybe_else and maybe_else.kind == "ELSE":
+                self._print_storage(storage)
+                self.emit(rbrace)
+                self.emit(next(tkn_iter))
+                maybe_if = tkn_iter.peek()
+                if maybe_if and maybe_if.kind == "IF":
+                    #Emit extra braces around the if to get scoping right
+                    self.emit(" {\n")
+                    self.emit(next(tkn_iter))
+                    else_reachable, rbrace, else_storage = self._emit_if(tkn_iter, uop, storage, inst)
+                    self.out.start_line()
+                    self.emit("}\n")
+                else:
+                    else_reachable, rbrace, else_storage = self._emit_block(tkn_iter, uop, storage, inst, True)
+                if not reachable:
+                    # Discard the if storage
+                    reachable = else_reachable
+                    storage = else_storage
+                elif not else_reachable:
+                    # Discard the else storage
+                    storage = if_storage
+                    reachable = True
+                else:
+                    if PRINT_STACKS:
+                        self.emit("/* Merge */\n")
+                    else_storage.merge(if_storage, self.out)
+                    storage = else_storage
+                    self._print_storage(storage)
+            else:
+                if reachable:
+                    if PRINT_STACKS:
+                        self.emit("/* Merge */\n")
+                    if_storage.merge(storage, self.out)
+                    storage = if_storage
+                    self._print_storage(storage)
+                else:
+                    # Discard the if storage
+                    reachable = True
+        except StackError as ex:
+            self._print_storage(if_storage)
+            raise analysis_error(ex.args[0], rbrace) # from None
+        return reachable, rbrace, storage
+
+    def _emit_block(
+        self,
+        tkn_iter: TokenIterator,
+        uop: Uop,
+        storage: Storage,
+        inst: Instruction | None,
+        emit_first_brace: bool
+    ) -> tuple[bool, Token, Storage]:
+        """ Returns (reachable?, closing '}', stack)."""
+        braces = 1
+        out_stores = set(uop.output_stores)
+        tkn = next(tkn_iter)
+        reload: Token | None = None
+        try:
+            reachable = True
+            line : int = -1
+            if tkn.kind != "LBRACE":
+                raise analysis_error(f"PEP 7: expected '{{', found: {tkn.text}", tkn)
+            escaping_calls = uop.properties.escaping_calls
+            if emit_first_brace:
+                self.emit(tkn)
+            self._print_storage(storage)
+            for tkn in tkn_iter:
+                if PRINT_STACKS and tkn.line != line:
+                    self.out.start_line()
+                    self.emit(storage.as_comment())
+                    self.out.start_line()
+                    line = tkn.line
+                if tkn in escaping_calls:
+                    if tkn != reload:
+                        self.emit_save(storage)
+                    _, reload = escaping_calls[tkn]
+                elif tkn == reload:
+                    self.emit_reload(storage)
+                if tkn.kind == "LBRACE":
+                    self.out.emit(tkn)
+                    braces += 1
+                elif tkn.kind == "RBRACE":
+                    self._print_storage(storage)
+                    braces -= 1
+                    if braces == 0:
+                        return reachable, tkn, storage
+                    self.out.emit(tkn)
+                elif tkn.kind == "GOTO":
+                    reachable = False;
+                    self.out.emit(tkn)
+                elif tkn.kind == "IDENTIFIER":
+                    if tkn.text in self._replacers:
+                        if not self._replacers[tkn.text](tkn, tkn_iter, uop, storage, inst):
+                            reachable = False
+                    else:
+                        if tkn in out_stores:
+                            for out in storage.outputs:
+                                if out.name == tkn.text:
+                                    out.defined = True
+                                    out.in_memory = False
+                                    break
+                        if tkn.text.startswith("DISPATCH"):
+                            self._print_storage(storage)
+                            reachable = False
+                        self.out.emit(tkn)
+                elif tkn.kind == "IF":
+                    self.out.emit(tkn)
+                    if_reachable, rbrace, storage = self._emit_if(tkn_iter, uop, storage, inst)
+                    if reachable:
+                        reachable = if_reachable
+                    self.out.emit(rbrace)
+                else:
+                    self.out.emit(tkn)
+        except StackError as ex:
+            raise analysis_error(ex.args[0], tkn) from None
+        raise analysis_error("Expecting closing brace. Reached end of file", tkn)
+
+
+    def emit_tokens(
+        self,
+        uop: Uop,
+        storage: Storage,
+        inst: Instruction | None,
+    ) -> Storage:
+        tkn_iter = TokenIterator(uop.body)
+        self.out.start_line()
+        _, rbrace, storage = self._emit_block(tkn_iter, uop, storage, inst, False)
+        try:
+            self._print_storage(storage)
+            storage.push_outputs()
+            self._print_storage(storage)
+        except StackError as ex:
+            raise analysis_error(ex.args[0], rbrace)
+        return storage
+
+    def emit(self, txt: str | Token) -> None:
+        self.out.emit(txt)
 
 
 def cflags(p: Properties) -> str:
diff --git a/Tools/cases_generator/interpreter_definition.md b/Tools/cases_generator/interpreter_definition.md
index ba09931c541646..6cf36f343d5fa7 100644
--- a/Tools/cases_generator/interpreter_definition.md
+++ b/Tools/cases_generator/interpreter_definition.md
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ We update it as the need arises.
 ### Syntax
 
 Each op definition has a kind, a name, a stack and instruction stream effect,
-and a piece of C code describing its semantics::
+and a piece of C code describing its semantics:
 
 ```
   file:
@@ -245,7 +245,8 @@ The same is true for all members of a pseudo instruction
 
 ## Examples
 
-(Another source of examples can be found in the [tests](test_generator.py).)
+(Another source of examples can be found in the
+[tests](https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/main/Lib/test/test_generated_cases.py).)
 
 Some examples:
 
diff --git a/Tools/cases_generator/lexer.py b/Tools/cases_generator/lexer.py
index 13aee94f2b957c..37f96398ff175f 100644
--- a/Tools/cases_generator/lexer.py
+++ b/Tools/cases_generator/lexer.py
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ def choice(*opts: str) -> str:
 opmap = {pattern.replace("\\", "") or "\\": op for op, pattern in operators.items()}
 
 # Macros
-macro = r"# *(ifdef|ifndef|undef|define|error|endif|if|else|include|#)"
+macro = r"#.*\n"
 CMACRO = "CMACRO"
 
 id_re = r"[a-zA-Z_][0-9a-zA-Z_]*"
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ def make_syntax_error(
     return SyntaxError(message, (filename, line, column, line_text))
 
 
-@dataclass(slots=True)
+@dataclass(slots=True, frozen=True)
 class Token:
     filename: str
     kind: str
@@ -333,6 +333,9 @@ def tokenize(src: str, line: int = 1, filename: str = "") -> Iterator[Token]:
                 line += newlines
         else:
             begin = line, start - linestart
+            if kind == CMACRO:
+                linestart = end
+                line += 1
         if kind != "\n":
             yield Token(
                 filename, kind, text, begin, (line, start - linestart + len(text))
diff --git a/Tools/cases_generator/opcode_id_generator.py b/Tools/cases_generator/opcode_id_generator.py
index 5a3009a5c04c27..888ae0f3861eb6 100644
--- a/Tools/cases_generator/opcode_id_generator.py
+++ b/Tools/cases_generator/opcode_id_generator.py
@@ -4,12 +4,9 @@
 """
 
 import argparse
-import os.path
-import sys
 
 from analyzer import (
     Analysis,
-    Instruction,
     analyze_files,
 )
 from generators_common import (
@@ -40,6 +37,7 @@ def write_define(name: str, op: int) -> None:
 
         out.emit("\n")
         write_define("HAVE_ARGUMENT", analysis.have_arg)
+        write_define("MIN_SPECIALIZED_OPCODE", analysis.opmap["RESUME"]+1)
         write_define("MIN_INSTRUMENTED_OPCODE", analysis.min_instrumented)
 
 
diff --git a/Tools/cases_generator/opcode_metadata_generator.py b/Tools/cases_generator/opcode_metadata_generator.py
index 2632eb89ce80cd..2ad7604af9cc0d 100644
--- a/Tools/cases_generator/opcode_metadata_generator.py
+++ b/Tools/cases_generator/opcode_metadata_generator.py
@@ -4,15 +4,12 @@
 """
 
 import argparse
-import os.path
-import sys
 
 from analyzer import (
     Analysis,
     Instruction,
     PseudoInstruction,
     analyze_files,
-    Skip,
     Uop,
 )
 from generators_common import (
@@ -20,7 +17,6 @@
     ROOT,
     write_header,
     cflags,
-    StackOffset,
 )
 from cwriter import CWriter
 from typing import TextIO
@@ -95,6 +91,7 @@ def emit_stack_effect_function(
 def generate_stack_effect_functions(analysis: Analysis, out: CWriter) -> None:
     popped_data: list[tuple[str, str]] = []
     pushed_data: list[tuple[str, str]] = []
+
     def add(inst: Instruction | PseudoInstruction) -> None:
         stack = get_stack_effect(inst)
         popped = (-stack.base_offset).to_c()
@@ -155,7 +152,6 @@ def generate_deopt_table(analysis: Analysis, out: CWriter) -> None:
         if inst.family is not None:
             deopt = inst.family.name
         deopts.append((inst.name, deopt))
-    deopts.append(("INSTRUMENTED_LINE", "INSTRUMENTED_LINE"))
     for name, deopt in sorted(deopts):
         out.emit(f"[{name}] = {deopt},\n")
     out.emit("};\n\n")
@@ -183,7 +179,6 @@ def generate_name_table(analysis: Analysis, out: CWriter) -> None:
     out.emit("#ifdef NEED_OPCODE_METADATA\n")
     out.emit(f"const char *_PyOpcode_OpName[{table_size}] = {{\n")
     names = list(analysis.instructions) + list(analysis.pseudos)
-    names.append("INSTRUMENTED_LINE")
     for name in sorted(names):
         out.emit(f'[{name}] = "{name}",\n')
     out.emit("};\n")
@@ -310,6 +305,7 @@ def generate_pseudo_targets(analysis: Analysis, out: CWriter) -> None:
     table_size = len(analysis.pseudos)
     max_targets = max(len(pseudo.targets) for pseudo in analysis.pseudos.values())
     out.emit("struct pseudo_targets {\n")
+    out.emit(f"uint8_t as_sequence;\n")
     out.emit(f"uint8_t targets[{max_targets + 1}];\n")
     out.emit("};\n")
     out.emit(
@@ -320,10 +316,11 @@ def generate_pseudo_targets(analysis: Analysis, out: CWriter) -> None:
         f"const struct pseudo_targets _PyOpcode_PseudoTargets[{table_size}] = {{\n"
     )
     for pseudo in analysis.pseudos.values():
+        as_sequence = "1" if pseudo.as_sequence else "0"
         targets = ["0"] * (max_targets + 1)
         for i, target in enumerate(pseudo.targets):
             targets[i] = target.name
-        out.emit(f"[{pseudo.name}-256] = {{ {{ {', '.join(targets)} }} }},\n")
+        out.emit(f"[{pseudo.name}-256] = {{ {as_sequence}, {{ {', '.join(targets)} }} }},\n")
     out.emit("};\n\n")
     out.emit("#endif // NEED_OPCODE_METADATA\n")
     out.emit("static inline bool\n")
diff --git a/Tools/cases_generator/optimizer_generator.py b/Tools/cases_generator/optimizer_generator.py
index d5592672a55514..7a1dfe1b85bf1a 100644
--- a/Tools/cases_generator/optimizer_generator.py
+++ b/Tools/cases_generator/optimizer_generator.py
@@ -17,14 +17,13 @@
     DEFAULT_INPUT,
     ROOT,
     write_header,
-    emit_tokens,
-    emit_to,
-    replace_sync_sp,
+    Emitter,
+    TokenIterator,
 )
 from cwriter import CWriter
 from typing import TextIO, Iterator
 from lexer import Token
-from stack import Stack, SizeMismatch, UNUSED
+from stack import Local, Stack, StackError, Storage
 
 DEFAULT_OUTPUT = ROOT / "Python/optimizer_cases.c.h"
 DEFAULT_ABSTRACT_INPUT = (ROOT / "Python/optimizer_bytecodes.c").absolute().as_posix()
@@ -47,7 +46,7 @@ def declare_variables(uop: Uop, out: CWriter, skip_inputs: bool) -> None:
     variables = {"unused"}
     if not skip_inputs:
         for var in reversed(uop.stack.inputs):
-            if var.name not in variables:
+            if var.used and var.name not in variables:
                 variables.add(var.name)
                 if var.condition:
                     out.emit(f"{type_name(var)}{var.name} = NULL;\n")
@@ -67,7 +66,7 @@ def declare_variables(uop: Uop, out: CWriter, skip_inputs: bool) -> None:
 def decref_inputs(
     out: CWriter,
     tkn: Token,
-    tkn_iter: Iterator[Token],
+    tkn_iter: TokenIterator,
     uop: Uop,
     stack: Stack,
     inst: Instruction | None,
@@ -78,19 +77,42 @@ def decref_inputs(
     out.emit_at("", tkn)
 
 
-def emit_default(out: CWriter, uop: Uop) -> None:
-    for i, var in enumerate(uop.stack.outputs):
+def emit_default(out: CWriter, uop: Uop, stack: Stack) -> None:
+    for var in reversed(uop.stack.inputs):
+        stack.pop(var)
+    top_offset = stack.top_offset.copy()
+    for var in uop.stack.outputs:
+        if var.is_array() and not var.peek and not var.name == "unused":
+            c_offset = top_offset.to_c()
+            out.emit(f"{var.name} = &stack_pointer[{c_offset}];\n")
+        top_offset.push(var)
+    for var in uop.stack.outputs:
+        local = Local.undefined(var)
+        stack.push(local)
         if var.name != "unused" and not var.peek:
+            local.defined = True
             if var.is_array():
-                out.emit(f"for (int _i = {var.size}; --_i >= 0;) {{\n")
-                out.emit(f"{var.name}[_i] = sym_new_not_null(ctx);\n")
-                out.emit("}\n")
+                if var.size == "1":
+                    out.emit(f"{var.name}[0] = sym_new_not_null(ctx);\n")
+                else:
+                    out.emit(f"for (int _i = {var.size}; --_i >= 0;) {{\n")
+                    out.emit(f"{var.name}[_i] = sym_new_not_null(ctx);\n")
+                    out.emit("}\n")
             elif var.name == "null":
                 out.emit(f"{var.name} = sym_new_null(ctx);\n")
             else:
                 out.emit(f"{var.name} = sym_new_not_null(ctx);\n")
 
 
+class OptimizerEmitter(Emitter):
+
+    def emit_save(self, storage: Storage) -> None:
+        storage.flush(self.out)
+
+    def emit_reload(self, storage: Storage) -> None:
+        pass
+
+
 def write_uop(
     override: Uop | None,
     uop: Uop,
@@ -99,24 +121,19 @@ def write_uop(
     debug: bool,
     skip_inputs: bool,
 ) -> None:
+    locals: dict[str, Local] = {}
+    prototype = override if override else uop
     try:
-        prototype = override if override else uop
-        is_override = override is not None
         out.start_line()
-        for var in reversed(prototype.stack.inputs):
-            res = stack.pop(var)
-            if not skip_inputs:
-                out.emit(res)
-        if not prototype.properties.stores_sp:
-            for i, var in enumerate(prototype.stack.outputs):
-                res = stack.push(var)
-                if not var.peek or is_override:
-                    out.emit(res)
+        if override:
+            code_list, storage = Storage.for_uop(stack, prototype, extract_bits=False)
+            for code in code_list:
+                out.emit(code)
         if debug:
             args = []
-            for var in prototype.stack.inputs:
-                if not var.peek or is_override:
-                    args.append(var.name)
+            for input in prototype.stack.inputs:
+                if not input.peek or override:
+                    args.append(input.name)
             out.emit(f'DEBUG_PRINTF({", ".join(args)});\n')
         if override:
             for cache in uop.caches:
@@ -128,22 +145,19 @@ def write_uop(
                         cast = f"uint{cache.size*16}_t"
                     out.emit(f"{type}{cache.name} = ({cast})this_instr->operand;\n")
         if override:
-            replacement_funcs = {
-                "DECREF_INPUTS": decref_inputs,
-                "SYNC_SP": replace_sync_sp,
-            }
-            emit_tokens(out, override, stack, None, replacement_funcs)
+            emitter = OptimizerEmitter(out)
+            # No reference management of inputs needed.
+            for var in storage.inputs:  # type: ignore[possibly-undefined]
+                var.defined = False
+            storage = emitter.emit_tokens(override, storage, None)
+            out.start_line()
+            storage.flush(out, cast_type="_Py_UopsSymbol *", extract_bits=False)
         else:
-            emit_default(out, uop)
-
-        if prototype.properties.stores_sp:
-            for i, var in enumerate(prototype.stack.outputs):
-                if not var.peek or is_override:
-                    out.emit(stack.push(var))
-        out.start_line()
-        stack.flush(out, cast_type="_Py_UopsSymbol *")
-    except SizeMismatch as ex:
-        raise analysis_error(ex.args[0], uop.body[0])
+            emit_default(out, uop, stack)
+            out.start_line()
+            stack.flush(out, cast_type="_Py_UopsSymbol *", extract_bits=False)
+    except StackError as ex:
+        raise analysis_error(ex.args[0], prototype.body[0]) # from None
 
 
 SKIPS = ("_EXTENDED_ARG",)
@@ -161,8 +175,9 @@ def generate_abstract_interpreter(
     out.emit("\n")
     base_uop_names = set([uop.name for uop in base.uops.values()])
     for abstract_uop_name in abstract.uops:
-        assert abstract_uop_name in base_uop_names,\
-            f"All abstract uops should override base uops, but {abstract_uop_name} is not."
+        assert (
+            abstract_uop_name in base_uop_names
+        ), f"All abstract uops should override base uops, but {abstract_uop_name} is not."
 
     for uop in base.uops.values():
         override: Uop | None = None
@@ -192,7 +207,7 @@ def generate_abstract_interpreter(
 
 
 def generate_tier2_abstract_from_files(
-    filenames: list[str], outfilename: str, debug: bool=False
+    filenames: list[str], outfilename: str, debug: bool = False
 ) -> None:
     assert len(filenames) == 2, "Need a base file and an abstract cases file."
     base = analyze_files([filenames[0]])
@@ -211,7 +226,7 @@ def generate_tier2_abstract_from_files(
 )
 
 
-arg_parser.add_argument("input", nargs='*', help="Abstract interpreter definition file")
+arg_parser.add_argument("input", nargs="*", help="Abstract interpreter definition file")
 
 arg_parser.add_argument(
     "base", nargs="*", help="The base instruction definition file(s)"
diff --git a/Tools/cases_generator/parser.py b/Tools/cases_generator/parser.py
index 2b77d14d21143f..db672ad5501f15 100644
--- a/Tools/cases_generator/parser.py
+++ b/Tools/cases_generator/parser.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from parsing import (
+from parsing import (  # noqa: F401
     InstDef,
     Macro,
     Pseudo,
diff --git a/Tools/cases_generator/parsing.py b/Tools/cases_generator/parsing.py
index cc897ff2cbe9aa..de31d9b232f9df 100644
--- a/Tools/cases_generator/parsing.py
+++ b/Tools/cases_generator/parsing.py
@@ -60,6 +60,12 @@ def tokens(self) -> list[lx.Token]:
         end = context.end
         return tokens[begin:end]
 
+    @property
+    def first_token(self) -> lx.Token:
+        context = self.context
+        assert context is not None
+        return context.owner.tokens[context.begin]
+
 
 @dataclass
 class Block(Node):
@@ -142,6 +148,7 @@ class Pseudo(Node):
     outputs: list[OutputEffect]
     flags: list[str]  # instr flags to set on the pseudo instruction
     targets: list[str]  # opcodes this can be replaced by
+    as_sequence: bool
 
 
 AstNode = InstDef | Macro | Pseudo | Family
@@ -285,7 +292,6 @@ def stack_effect(self) -> StackEffect | None:
                 if not (size := self.expression()):
                     raise self.make_syntax_error("Expected expression")
                 self.require(lx.RBRACKET)
-                type_text = "PyObject **"
                 size_text = size.text.strip()
             return StackEffect(tkn.text, type_text, cond_text, size_text)
         return None
@@ -418,14 +424,22 @@ def pseudo_def(self) -> Pseudo | None:
                             flags = []
                         if self.expect(lx.RPAREN):
                             if self.expect(lx.EQUALS):
-                                if not self.expect(lx.LBRACE):
-                                    raise self.make_syntax_error("Expected {")
-                                if members := self.members():
-                                    if self.expect(lx.RBRACE) and self.expect(lx.SEMI):
-                                        return Pseudo(tkn.text, inp, outp, flags, members)
+                                if self.expect(lx.LBRACE):
+                                    as_sequence = False
+                                    closing = lx.RBRACE
+                                elif self.expect(lx.LBRACKET):
+                                    as_sequence = True
+                                    closing = lx.RBRACKET
+                                else:
+                                    raise self.make_syntax_error("Expected { or [")
+                                if members := self.members(allow_sequence=True):
+                                    if self.expect(closing) and self.expect(lx.SEMI):
+                                        return Pseudo(
+                                            tkn.text, inp, outp, flags, members, as_sequence
+                                        )
         return None
 
-    def members(self) -> list[str] | None:
+    def members(self, allow_sequence : bool=False) -> list[str] | None:
         here = self.getpos()
         if tkn := self.expect(lx.IDENTIFIER):
             members = [tkn.text]
@@ -435,8 +449,10 @@ def members(self) -> list[str] | None:
                 else:
                     break
             peek = self.peek()
-            if not peek or peek.kind != lx.RBRACE:
-                raise self.make_syntax_error("Expected comma or right paren")
+            kinds = [lx.RBRACE, lx.RBRACKET] if allow_sequence else [lx.RBRACE]
+            if not peek or peek.kind not in kinds:
+                raise self.make_syntax_error(
+                    f"Expected comma or right paren{'/bracket' if allow_sequence else ''}")
             return members
         self.setpos(here)
         return None
diff --git a/Tools/cases_generator/py_metadata_generator.py b/Tools/cases_generator/py_metadata_generator.py
index 0dbcd599f9d4d9..3ec06faf338488 100644
--- a/Tools/cases_generator/py_metadata_generator.py
+++ b/Tools/cases_generator/py_metadata_generator.py
@@ -12,14 +12,12 @@
 from generators_common import (
     DEFAULT_INPUT,
     ROOT,
-    root_relative_path,
     write_header,
 )
 from cwriter import CWriter
 from typing import TextIO
 
 
-
 DEFAULT_OUTPUT = ROOT / "Lib/_opcode_metadata.py"
 
 
diff --git a/Tools/cases_generator/stack.py b/Tools/cases_generator/stack.py
index 7f07a6805b1cb6..a954bed4df073c 100644
--- a/Tools/cases_generator/stack.py
+++ b/Tools/cases_generator/stack.py
@@ -28,13 +28,83 @@ def var_size(var: StackItem) -> str:
         if var.condition == "0":
             return "0"
         elif var.condition == "1":
-            return var.size
-        elif var.condition == "oparg & 1" and var.size == "1":
+            return var.get_size()
+        elif var.condition == "oparg & 1" and not var.size:
             return f"({var.condition})"
         else:
-            return f"(({var.condition}) ? {var.size} : 0)"
-    else:
+            return f"(({var.condition}) ? {var.get_size()} : 0)"
+    elif var.size:
         return var.size
+    else:
+        return "1"
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Local:
+    item: StackItem
+    cached: bool
+    in_memory: bool
+    defined: bool
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"Local('{self.item.name}', mem={self.in_memory}, defined={self.defined}, array={self.is_array()})"
+
+    def compact_str(self) -> str:
+        mtag = "M" if self.in_memory else ""
+        dtag = "D" if self.defined else ""
+        atag = "A" if self.is_array() else ""
+        return f"'{self.item.name}'{mtag}{dtag}{atag}"
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def unused(defn: StackItem) -> "Local":
+        return Local(defn, False, defn.is_array(), False)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def undefined(defn: StackItem) -> "Local":
+        array = defn.is_array()
+        return Local(defn, not array, array, False)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def redefinition(var: StackItem, prev: "Local") -> "Local":
+        assert var.is_array() == prev.is_array()
+        return Local(var, prev.cached, prev.in_memory, True)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def from_memory(defn: StackItem) -> "Local":
+        return Local(defn, True, True, True)
+
+    def copy(self) -> "Local":
+        return Local(
+            self.item,
+            self.cached,
+            self.in_memory,
+            self.defined
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def size(self) -> str:
+        return self.item.size
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        return self.item.name
+
+    @property
+    def condition(self) -> str | None:
+        return self.item.condition
+
+    def is_array(self) -> bool:
+        return self.item.is_array()
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, Local):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return (
+            self.item is other.item
+            and self.cached is other.cached
+            and self.in_memory is other.in_memory
+            and self.defined is other.defined
+        )
 
 
 @dataclass
@@ -48,6 +118,9 @@ class StackOffset:
     def empty() -> "StackOffset":
         return StackOffset([], [])
 
+    def copy(self) -> "StackOffset":
+        return StackOffset(self.popped[:], self.pushed[:])
+
     def pop(self, item: StackItem) -> None:
         self.popped.append(var_size(item))
 
@@ -62,7 +135,11 @@ def __neg__(self) -> "StackOffset":
 
     def simplify(self) -> None:
         "Remove matching values from both the popped and pushed list"
-        if not self.popped or not self.pushed:
+        if not self.popped:
+            self.pushed.sort()
+            return
+        if not self.pushed:
+            self.popped.sort()
             return
         # Sort the list so the lexically largest element is last.
         popped = sorted(self.popped)
@@ -83,6 +160,8 @@ def simplify(self) -> None:
                 popped.append(pop)
         self.popped.extend(popped)
         self.pushed.extend(pushed)
+        self.pushed.sort()
+        self.popped.sort()
 
     def to_c(self) -> str:
         self.simplify()
@@ -108,110 +187,208 @@ def to_c(self) -> str:
             res = "-" + res[3:]
         return res
 
+    def as_int(self) -> int | None:
+        self.simplify()
+        int_offset = 0
+        for item in self.popped:
+            try:
+                int_offset -= int(item)
+            except ValueError:
+                return None
+        for item in self.pushed:
+            try:
+                int_offset += int(item)
+            except ValueError:
+                return None
+        return int_offset
+
     def clear(self) -> None:
         self.popped = []
         self.pushed = []
 
+    def __bool__(self) -> bool:
+        self.simplify()
+        return bool(self.popped) or bool(self.pushed)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, StackOffset):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return self.to_c() == other.to_c()
 
-class SizeMismatch(Exception):
+
+class StackError(Exception):
     pass
 
+def array_or_scalar(var: StackItem | Local) -> str:
+    return "array" if var.is_array() else "scalar"
 
 class Stack:
     def __init__(self) -> None:
         self.top_offset = StackOffset.empty()
         self.base_offset = StackOffset.empty()
-        self.peek_offset = StackOffset.empty()
-        self.variables: list[StackItem] = []
+        self.variables: list[Local] = []
         self.defined: set[str] = set()
 
-    def pop(self, var: StackItem) -> str:
+    def pop(self, var: StackItem, extract_bits: bool = True) -> tuple[str, Local]:
         self.top_offset.pop(var)
-        if not var.peek:
-            self.peek_offset.pop(var)
         indirect = "&" if var.is_array() else ""
         if self.variables:
             popped = self.variables.pop()
-            if popped.size != var.size:
-                raise SizeMismatch(
-                    f"Size mismatch when popping '{popped.name}' from stack to assign to {var.name}. "
-                    f"Expected {var.size} got {popped.size}"
+            if var.is_array() ^ popped.is_array():
+                raise StackError(
+                    f"Array mismatch when popping '{popped.name}' from stack to assign to '{var.name}'. "
+                    f"Expected {array_or_scalar(var)} got {array_or_scalar(popped)}"
                 )
-            if popped.name == var.name:
-                return ""
-            elif popped.name in UNUSED:
-                self.defined.add(var.name)
-                return (
-                    f"{var.name} = {indirect}stack_pointer[{self.top_offset.to_c()}];\n"
+            if popped.size != var.size:
+                raise StackError(
+                    f"Size mismatch when popping '{popped.name}' from stack to assign to '{var.name}'. "
+                    f"Expected {var_size(var)} got {var_size(popped.item)}"
                 )
-            elif var.name in UNUSED:
-                return ""
+            if var.name in UNUSED:
+                if popped.name not in UNUSED and popped.name in self.defined:
+                    raise StackError(
+                        f"Value is declared unused, but is already cached by prior operation as '{popped.name}'"
+                    )
+                return "", popped
+            if not var.used:
+                return "", popped
+            self.defined.add(var.name)
+            if popped.defined:
+                if popped.name == var.name:
+                    return "", popped
+                else:
+                    defn = f"{var.name} = {popped.name};\n"
             else:
-                self.defined.add(var.name)
-                return f"{var.name} = {popped.name};\n"
+                if var.is_array():
+                    defn = f"{var.name} = &stack_pointer[{self.top_offset.to_c()}];\n"
+                else:
+                    defn = f"{var.name} = stack_pointer[{self.top_offset.to_c()}];\n"
+                    popped.in_memory = True
+            return defn, Local.redefinition(var, popped)
+
         self.base_offset.pop(var)
-        if var.name in UNUSED:
-            return ""
-        else:
-            self.defined.add(var.name)
+        if var.name in UNUSED or not var.used:
+            return "", Local.unused(var)
+        self.defined.add(var.name)
         cast = f"({var.type})" if (not indirect and var.type) else ""
-        assign = (
-            f"{var.name} = {cast}{indirect}stack_pointer[{self.base_offset.to_c()}];"
-        )
+        bits = ".bits" if cast and extract_bits else ""
+        assign = f"{var.name} = {cast}{indirect}stack_pointer[{self.base_offset.to_c()}]{bits};"
         if var.condition:
             if var.condition == "1":
-                return f"{assign}\n"
+                assign = f"{assign}\n"
             elif var.condition == "0":
-                return ""
+                return "", Local.unused(var)
             else:
-                return f"if ({var.condition}) {{ {assign} }}\n"
-        return f"{assign}\n"
+                assign = f"if ({var.condition}) {{ {assign} }}\n"
+        else:
+            assign = f"{assign}\n"
+        return assign, Local.from_memory(var)
 
-    def push(self, var: StackItem) -> str:
+    def push(self, var: Local) -> None:
+        assert(var not in self.variables)
         self.variables.append(var)
-        if var.is_array() and var.name not in self.defined and var.name not in UNUSED:
-            c_offset = self.top_offset.to_c()
-            self.top_offset.push(var)
+        self.top_offset.push(var.item)
+        if var.item.used:
             self.defined.add(var.name)
-            return f"{var.name} = &stack_pointer[{c_offset}];\n"
-        else:
-            self.top_offset.push(var)
-            return ""
 
-    def flush(self, out: CWriter, cast_type: str = "PyObject *") -> None:
-        out.start_line()
-        for var in self.variables:
-            if not var.peek:
-                cast = f"({cast_type})" if var.type else ""
-                if var.name not in UNUSED and not var.is_array():
-                    if var.condition:
-                        if var.condition == "0":
-                            continue
-                        elif var.condition != "1":
-                            out.emit(f"if ({var.condition}) ")
-                    out.emit(
-                        f"stack_pointer[{self.base_offset.to_c()}] = {cast}{var.name};\n"
-                    )
-            self.base_offset.push(var)
-        if self.base_offset.to_c() != self.top_offset.to_c():
-            print("base", self.base_offset.to_c(), "top", self.top_offset.to_c())
-            assert False
-        number = self.base_offset.to_c()
+    @staticmethod
+    def _do_emit(
+        out: CWriter,
+        var: StackItem,
+        base_offset: StackOffset,
+        cast_type: str = "uintptr_t",
+        extract_bits: bool = True,
+    ) -> None:
+        cast = f"({cast_type})" if var.type else ""
+        bits = ".bits" if cast and extract_bits else ""
+        if var.condition == "0":
+            return
+        if var.condition and var.condition != "1":
+            out.emit(f"if ({var.condition}) ")
+        out.emit(f"stack_pointer[{base_offset.to_c()}]{bits} = {cast}{var.name};\n")
+
+    def _adjust_stack_pointer(self, out: CWriter, number: str) -> None:
         if number != "0":
+            out.start_line()
             out.emit(f"stack_pointer += {number};\n")
-        self.variables = []
-        self.base_offset.clear()
+            out.emit("assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());\n")
+
+    def flush(
+        self, out: CWriter, cast_type: str = "uintptr_t", extract_bits: bool = True
+    ) -> None:
+        out.start_line()
+        var_offset = self.base_offset.copy()
+        for var in self.variables:
+            if (
+                var.defined and
+                not var.in_memory
+            ):
+                Stack._do_emit(out, var.item, var_offset, cast_type, extract_bits)
+                var.in_memory = True
+            var_offset.push(var.item)
+        number = self.top_offset.to_c()
+        self._adjust_stack_pointer(out, number)
+        self.base_offset -= self.top_offset
         self.top_offset.clear()
-        self.peek_offset.clear()
         out.start_line()
 
+    def is_flushed(self) -> bool:
+        return not self.variables and not self.base_offset and not self.top_offset
+
+    def peek_offset(self) -> str:
+        return self.top_offset.to_c()
+
     def as_comment(self) -> str:
-        return f"/* Variables: {[v.name for v in self.variables]}. Base offset: {self.base_offset.to_c()}. Top offset: {self.top_offset.to_c()} */"
+        variables = ", ".join([v.compact_str() for v in self.variables])
+        return (
+            f"/* Variables: {variables}. base: {self.base_offset.to_c()}. top: {self.top_offset.to_c()} */"
+        )
+
+    def copy(self) -> "Stack":
+        other = Stack()
+        other.top_offset = self.top_offset.copy()
+        other.base_offset = self.base_offset.copy()
+        other.variables = [var.copy() for var in self.variables]
+        other.defined = set(self.defined)
+        return other
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, Stack):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return (
+            self.top_offset == other.top_offset
+            and self.base_offset == other.base_offset
+            and self.variables == other.variables
+        )
+
+    def align(self, other: "Stack", out: CWriter) -> None:
+        if len(self.variables) != len(other.variables):
+            raise StackError("Cannot align stacks: differing variables")
+        if self.top_offset == other.top_offset:
+            return
+        diff = self.top_offset - other.top_offset
+        try:
+            self.top_offset -= diff
+            self.base_offset -= diff
+            self._adjust_stack_pointer(out, diff.to_c())
+        except ValueError:
+            raise StackError("Cannot align stacks: cannot adjust stack pointer")
+
+    def merge(self, other: "Stack", out: CWriter) -> None:
+        if len(self.variables) != len(other.variables):
+            raise StackError("Cannot merge stacks: differing variables")
+        for self_var, other_var in zip(self.variables, other.variables):
+            if self_var.name != other_var.name:
+                raise StackError(f"Mismatched variables on stack: {self_var.name} and {other_var.name}")
+            self_var.defined = self_var.defined and other_var.defined
+            self_var.in_memory = self_var.in_memory and other_var.in_memory
+        self.align(other, out)
 
 
 def get_stack_effect(inst: Instruction | PseudoInstruction) -> Stack:
     stack = Stack()
-    def stacks(inst : Instruction | PseudoInstruction) -> Iterator[StackEffect]:
+
+    def stacks(inst: Instruction | PseudoInstruction) -> Iterator[StackEffect]:
         if isinstance(inst, Instruction):
             for uop in inst.parts:
                 if isinstance(uop, Uop):
@@ -221,8 +398,225 @@ def stacks(inst : Instruction | PseudoInstruction) -> Iterator[StackEffect]:
             yield inst.stack
 
     for s in stacks(inst):
+        locals: dict[str, Local] = {}
         for var in reversed(s.inputs):
-            stack.pop(var)
+            _, local = stack.pop(var)
+            if var.name != "unused":
+                locals[local.name] = local
         for var in s.outputs:
-            stack.push(var)
+            if var.name in locals:
+                local = locals[var.name]
+            else:
+                local = Local.unused(var)
+            stack.push(local)
     return stack
+
+@dataclass
+class Storage:
+
+    stack: Stack
+    inputs: list[Local]
+    outputs: list[Local]
+    peeks: list[Local]
+    spilled: int = 0
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def needs_defining(var: Local) -> bool:
+        return (
+            not var.defined and
+            not var.is_array() and
+            var.name != "unused"
+        )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def is_live(var: Local) -> bool:
+        return (
+            var.defined and
+            var.name != "unused"
+        )
+
+    def first_input_not_cleared(self) -> str:
+        for input in self.inputs:
+            if input.defined:
+                return input.name
+        return ""
+
+    def clear_inputs(self, reason:str) -> None:
+        while self.inputs:
+            tos = self.inputs.pop()
+            if self.is_live(tos) and not tos.is_array():
+                raise StackError(
+                    f"Input '{tos.name}' is still live {reason}"
+                )
+            self.stack.pop(tos.item)
+
+    def clear_dead_inputs(self) -> None:
+        live = ""
+        while self.inputs:
+            tos = self.inputs[-1]
+            if self.is_live(tos):
+                live = tos.name
+                break
+            self.inputs.pop()
+            self.stack.pop(tos.item)
+        for var in self.inputs:
+            if not var.defined and not var.is_array() and var.name != "unused":
+                raise StackError(
+                    f"Input '{var.name}' is not live, but '{live}' is"
+                )
+
+    def _push_defined_outputs(self) -> None:
+        defined_output = ""
+        for output in self.outputs:
+            if output.defined and not output.in_memory:
+                defined_output = output.name
+        if not defined_output:
+            return
+        self.clear_inputs(f"when output '{defined_output}' is defined")
+        undefined = ""
+        for out in self.outputs:
+            if out.defined:
+                if undefined:
+                    f"Locals not defined in stack order. "
+                    f"Expected '{undefined}' to be defined before '{out.name}'"
+            else:
+                undefined = out.name
+        while self.outputs and not self.needs_defining(self.outputs[0]):
+            out = self.outputs.pop(0)
+            self.stack.push(out)
+
+    def locals_cached(self) -> bool:
+        for out in self.outputs:
+            if out.defined:
+                return True
+        return False
+
+    def flush(self, out: CWriter, cast_type: str = "uintptr_t", extract_bits: bool = True) -> None:
+        self.clear_dead_inputs()
+        self._push_defined_outputs()
+        self.stack.flush(out, cast_type, extract_bits)
+
+    def save(self, out: CWriter) -> None:
+        assert self.spilled >= 0
+        if self.spilled == 0:
+            self.flush(out)
+            out.start_line()
+            out.emit("_PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);\n")
+        self.spilled += 1
+
+    def reload(self, out: CWriter) -> None:
+        if self.spilled == 0:
+            raise StackError("Cannot reload stack as it hasn't been saved")
+        assert self.spilled > 0
+        self.spilled -= 1
+        if self.spilled == 0:
+            out.start_line()
+            out.emit("stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);\n")
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def for_uop(stack: Stack, uop: Uop, extract_bits: bool = True) -> tuple[list[str], "Storage"]:
+        code_list: list[str] = []
+        inputs: list[Local] = []
+        peeks: list[Local] = []
+        for input in reversed(uop.stack.inputs):
+            code, local = stack.pop(input, extract_bits)
+            code_list.append(code)
+            if input.peek:
+                peeks.append(local)
+            else:
+                inputs.append(local)
+        inputs.reverse()
+        peeks.reverse()
+        for peek in peeks:
+            stack.push(peek)
+        top_offset = stack.top_offset.copy()
+        for ouput in uop.stack.outputs:
+            if ouput.is_array() and ouput.used and not ouput.peek:
+                c_offset = top_offset.to_c()
+                top_offset.push(ouput)
+                code_list.append(f"{ouput.name} = &stack_pointer[{c_offset}];\n")
+            else:
+                top_offset.push(ouput)
+        for var in inputs:
+            stack.push(var)
+        outputs = [ Local.undefined(var) for var in uop.stack.outputs if not var.peek ]
+        return code_list, Storage(stack, inputs, outputs, peeks)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def copy_list(arg: list[Local]) -> list[Local]:
+        return [ l.copy() for l in arg ]
+
+    def copy(self) -> "Storage":
+        new_stack = self.stack.copy()
+        variables = { var.name: var for var in new_stack.variables }
+        inputs = [ variables[var.name] for var in self.inputs]
+        assert [v.name for v in inputs] == [v.name for v in self.inputs], (inputs, self.inputs)
+        return Storage(
+            new_stack, inputs,
+            self.copy_list(self.outputs), self.copy_list(self.peeks)
+        )
+
+    def sanity_check(self) -> None:
+        names: set[str] = set()
+        for var in self.inputs:
+            if var.name in names:
+                raise StackError(f"Duplicate name {var.name}")
+            names.add(var.name)
+        names = set()
+        for var in self.outputs:
+            if var.name in names:
+                raise StackError(f"Duplicate name {var.name}")
+            names.add(var.name)
+        names = set()
+        for var in self.stack.variables:
+            if var.name in names:
+                raise StackError(f"Duplicate name {var.name}")
+            names.add(var.name)
+
+    def is_flushed(self) -> bool:
+        for var in self.outputs:
+            if var.defined and not var.in_memory:
+                return False
+        return self.stack.is_flushed()
+
+    def merge(self, other: "Storage", out: CWriter) -> None:
+        self.sanity_check()
+        if len(self.inputs) != len(other.inputs):
+            self.clear_dead_inputs()
+            other.clear_dead_inputs()
+        if len(self.inputs) != len(other.inputs):
+            diff = self.inputs[-1] if len(self.inputs) > len(other.inputs) else other.inputs[-1]
+            raise StackError(f"Unmergeable inputs. Differing state of '{diff.name}'")
+        for var, other_var in zip(self.inputs, other.inputs):
+            if var.defined != other_var.defined:
+                raise StackError(f"'{var.name}' is cleared on some paths, but not all")
+        if len(self.outputs) != len(other.outputs):
+            self._push_defined_outputs()
+            other._push_defined_outputs()
+        if len(self.outputs) != len(other.outputs):
+            var = self.outputs[0] if len(self.outputs) > len(other.outputs) else other.outputs[0]
+            raise StackError(f"'{var.name}' is set on some paths, but not all")
+        self.stack.merge(other.stack, out)
+        self.sanity_check()
+
+    def push_outputs(self) -> None:
+        if self.spilled:
+            raise StackError(f"Unbalanced stack spills")
+        self.clear_inputs("at the end of the micro-op")
+        if self.inputs:
+            raise StackError(f"Input variable '{self.inputs[-1].name}' is still live")
+        self._push_defined_outputs()
+        if self.outputs:
+            for out in self.outputs:
+                if self.needs_defining(out):
+                    raise StackError(f"Output variable '{self.outputs[0].name}' is not defined")
+                self.stack.push(out)
+            self.outputs = []
+
+    def as_comment(self) -> str:
+        stack_comment = self.stack.as_comment()
+        next_line = "\n               "
+        inputs = ", ".join([var.compact_str() for var in self.inputs])
+        outputs = ", ".join([var.compact_str() for var in self.outputs])
+        peeks = ", ".join([var.name for var in self.peeks])
+        return f"{stack_comment[:-2]}{next_line}inputs: {inputs}{next_line}outputs: {outputs}{next_line}peeks: {peeks} */"
diff --git a/Tools/cases_generator/target_generator.py b/Tools/cases_generator/target_generator.py
index 44a699c92bbd22..c5097b7584724c 100644
--- a/Tools/cases_generator/target_generator.py
+++ b/Tools/cases_generator/target_generator.py
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
     ROOT,
 )
 from cwriter import CWriter
-from typing import TextIO
 
 
 DEFAULT_OUTPUT = ROOT / "Python/opcode_targets.h"
@@ -31,6 +30,7 @@ def write_opcode_targets(analysis: Analysis, out: CWriter) -> None:
         out.emit(target)
     out.emit("};\n")
 
+
 arg_parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
     description="Generate the file with dispatch targets.",
     formatter_class=argparse.ArgumentDefaultsHelpFormatter,
diff --git a/Tools/cases_generator/tier1_generator.py b/Tools/cases_generator/tier1_generator.py
index fb2ab931b1c108..8dadc5736c8889 100644
--- a/Tools/cases_generator/tier1_generator.py
+++ b/Tools/cases_generator/tier1_generator.py
@@ -4,8 +4,6 @@
 """
 
 import argparse
-import os.path
-import sys
 
 from analyzer import (
     Analysis,
@@ -14,19 +12,21 @@
     Part,
     analyze_files,
     Skip,
-    StackItem,
+    Flush,
     analysis_error,
+    StackItem,
 )
 from generators_common import (
     DEFAULT_INPUT,
     ROOT,
     write_header,
-    emit_tokens,
+    type_and_null,
+    Emitter,
+    TokenIterator,
 )
 from cwriter import CWriter
-from typing import TextIO, Iterator
-from lexer import Token
-from stack import StackOffset, Stack, SizeMismatch
+from typing import TextIO
+from stack import Local, Stack, StackError, get_stack_effect, Storage
 
 
 DEFAULT_OUTPUT = ROOT / "Python/generated_cases.c.h"
@@ -35,47 +35,63 @@
 FOOTER = "#undef TIER_ONE\n"
 
 
+def declare_variable(var: StackItem, out: CWriter) -> None:
+    type, null = type_and_null(var)
+    space = " " if type[-1].isalnum() else ""
+    if var.condition:
+        out.emit(f"{type}{space}{var.name} = {null};\n")
+    else:
+        out.emit(f"{type}{space}{var.name};\n")
+
+
 def declare_variables(inst: Instruction, out: CWriter) -> None:
-    variables = {"unused"}
-    for uop in inst.parts:
-        if isinstance(uop, Uop):
-            for var in reversed(uop.stack.inputs):
-                if var.name not in variables:
-                    type = var.type if var.type else "PyObject *"
-                    variables.add(var.name)
-                    if var.condition:
-                        out.emit(f"{type}{var.name} = NULL;\n")
-                    else:
-                        out.emit(f"{type}{var.name};\n")
-            for var in uop.stack.outputs:
-                if var.name not in variables:
-                    variables.add(var.name)
-                    type = var.type if var.type else "PyObject *"
-                    if var.condition:
-                        out.emit(f"{type}{var.name} = NULL;\n")
-                    else:
-                        out.emit(f"{type}{var.name};\n")
+    try:
+        stack = get_stack_effect(inst)
+    except StackError as ex:
+        raise analysis_error(ex.args[0], inst.where) from None
+    required = set(stack.defined)
+    required.discard("unused")
+    for part in inst.parts:
+        if not isinstance(part, Uop):
+            continue
+        for var in part.stack.inputs:
+            if var.name in required:
+                required.remove(var.name)
+                declare_variable(var, out)
+        for var in part.stack.outputs:
+            if var.name in required:
+                required.remove(var.name)
+                declare_variable(var, out)
 
 
 def write_uop(
-    uop: Part, out: CWriter, offset: int, stack: Stack, inst: Instruction, braces: bool
-) -> int:
+    uop: Part,
+    emitter: Emitter,
+    offset: int,
+    stack: Stack,
+    inst: Instruction,
+    braces: bool,
+) -> tuple[int, Stack]:
     # out.emit(stack.as_comment() + "\n")
     if isinstance(uop, Skip):
         entries = "entries" if uop.size > 1 else "entry"
-        out.emit(f"/* Skip {uop.size} cache {entries} */\n")
-        return offset + uop.size
+        emitter.emit(f"/* Skip {uop.size} cache {entries} */\n")
+        return (offset + uop.size), stack
+    if isinstance(uop, Flush):
+        emitter.emit(f"// flush\n")
+        stack.flush(emitter.out)
+        return offset, stack
     try:
-        out.start_line()
-        if braces:
-            out.emit(f"// {uop.name}\n")
-        for var in reversed(uop.stack.inputs):
-            out.emit(stack.pop(var))
+        locals: dict[str, Local] = {}
+        emitter.out.start_line()
         if braces:
-            out.emit("{\n")
-        if not uop.properties.stores_sp:
-            for i, var in enumerate(uop.stack.outputs):
-                out.emit(stack.push(var))
+            emitter.out.emit(f"// {uop.name}\n")
+            emitter.emit("{\n")
+        code_list, storage = Storage.for_uop(stack, uop)
+        emitter._print_storage(storage)
+        for code in code_list:
+            emitter.emit(code)
+
         for cache in uop.caches:
             if cache.name != "unused":
                 if cache.size == 4:
@@ -84,22 +100,20 @@ def write_uop(
                 else:
                     type = f"uint{cache.size*16}_t "
                     reader = f"read_u{cache.size*16}"
-                out.emit(
+                emitter.emit(
                     f"{type}{cache.name} = {reader}(&this_instr[{offset}].cache);\n"
                 )
                 if inst.family is None:
-                    out.emit(f"(void){cache.name};\n")
+                    emitter.emit(f"(void){cache.name};\n")
             offset += cache.size
-        emit_tokens(out, uop, stack, inst)
-        if uop.properties.stores_sp:
-            for i, var in enumerate(uop.stack.outputs):
-                out.emit(stack.push(var))
+
+        storage = emitter.emit_tokens(uop, storage, inst)
         if braces:
-            out.start_line()
-            out.emit("}\n")
-        # out.emit(stack.as_comment() + "\n")
-        return offset
-    except SizeMismatch as ex:
+            emitter.out.start_line()
+            emitter.emit("}\n")
+        # emitter.emit(stack.as_comment() + "\n")
+        return offset, storage.stack
+    except StackError as ex:
         raise analysis_error(ex.args[0], uop.body[0])
 
 
@@ -107,7 +121,7 @@ def uses_this(inst: Instruction) -> bool:
     if inst.properties.needs_this:
         return True
     for uop in inst.parts:
-        if isinstance(uop, Skip):
+        if not isinstance(uop, Uop):
             continue
         for cache in uop.caches:
             if cache.name != "unused":
@@ -128,14 +142,17 @@ def generate_tier1(
 """
     )
     out = CWriter(outfile, 2, lines)
+    emitter = Emitter(out)
     out.emit("\n")
     for name, inst in sorted(analysis.instructions.items()):
         needs_this = uses_this(inst)
         out.emit("\n")
         out.emit(f"TARGET({name}) {{\n")
         unused_guard = "(void)this_instr;\n" if inst.family is None else ""
+        if inst.properties.needs_prev:
+            out.emit(f"_Py_CODEUNIT* const prev_instr = frame->instr_ptr;\n")
         if needs_this and not inst.is_target:
-            out.emit(f"_Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;\n")
+            out.emit(f"_Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;\n")
             out.emit(unused_guard)
         else:
             out.emit(f"frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;\n")
@@ -144,7 +161,7 @@ def generate_tier1(
         if inst.is_target:
             out.emit(f"PREDICTED({name});\n")
             if needs_this:
-                out.emit(f"_Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = next_instr - {inst.size};\n")
+                out.emit(f"_Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = next_instr - {inst.size};\n")
                 out.emit(unused_guard)
         if inst.family is not None:
             out.emit(
@@ -157,12 +174,11 @@ def generate_tier1(
         for part in inst.parts:
             # Only emit braces if more than one uop
             insert_braces = len([p for p in inst.parts if isinstance(p, Uop)]) > 1
-            offset = write_uop(part, out, offset, stack, inst, insert_braces)
+            offset, stack = write_uop(part, emitter, offset, stack, inst, insert_braces)
         out.start_line()
+
+        stack.flush(out)
         if not inst.parts[-1].properties.always_exits:
-            stack.flush(out)
-            if inst.parts[-1].properties.ends_with_eval_breaker:
-                out.emit("CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();\n")
             out.emit("DISPATCH();\n")
         out.start_line()
         out.emit("}")
diff --git a/Tools/cases_generator/tier2_generator.py b/Tools/cases_generator/tier2_generator.py
index 944d134f12a18e..ce761495cca435 100644
--- a/Tools/cases_generator/tier2_generator.py
+++ b/Tools/cases_generator/tier2_generator.py
@@ -4,169 +4,183 @@
 """
 
 import argparse
-import os.path
-import sys
 
 from analyzer import (
     Analysis,
     Instruction,
     Uop,
-    Part,
     analyze_files,
-    Skip,
     StackItem,
     analysis_error,
 )
 from generators_common import (
     DEFAULT_INPUT,
     ROOT,
-    write_header,
-    emit_tokens,
     emit_to,
-    REPLACEMENT_FUNCTIONS,
+    write_header,
+    type_and_null,
+    Emitter,
+    TokenIterator,
+    always_true,
 )
 from cwriter import CWriter
 from typing import TextIO, Iterator
 from lexer import Token
-from stack import StackOffset, Stack, SizeMismatch
+from stack import Local, Stack, StackError, Storage
 
 DEFAULT_OUTPUT = ROOT / "Python/executor_cases.c.h"
 
 
 def declare_variable(
-    var: StackItem, uop: Uop, variables: set[str], out: CWriter
+    var: StackItem, uop: Uop, required: set[str], out: CWriter
 ) -> None:
-    if var.name in variables:
+    if not var.used or var.name not in required:
         return
-    type = var.type if var.type else "PyObject *"
-    variables.add(var.name)
+    required.remove(var.name)
+    type, null = type_and_null(var)
+    space = " " if type[-1].isalnum() else ""
     if var.condition:
-        out.emit(f"{type}{var.name} = NULL;\n")
+        out.emit(f"{type}{space}{var.name} = {null};\n")
         if uop.replicates:
             # Replicas may not use all their conditional variables
             # So avoid a compiler warning with a fake use
             out.emit(f"(void){var.name};\n")
     else:
-        out.emit(f"{type}{var.name};\n")
+        out.emit(f"{type}{space}{var.name};\n")
 
 
 def declare_variables(uop: Uop, out: CWriter) -> None:
-    variables = {"unused"}
+    stack = Stack()
     for var in reversed(uop.stack.inputs):
-        declare_variable(var, uop, variables, out)
+        stack.pop(var)
     for var in uop.stack.outputs:
-        declare_variable(var, uop, variables, out)
+        stack.push(Local.undefined(var))
+    required = set(stack.defined)
+    required.discard("unused")
+    for var in reversed(uop.stack.inputs):
+        declare_variable(var, uop, required, out)
+    for var in uop.stack.outputs:
+        declare_variable(var, uop, required, out)
 
 
-def tier2_replace_error(
-    out: CWriter,
-    tkn: Token,
-    tkn_iter: Iterator[Token],
-    uop: Uop,
-    stack: Stack,
-    inst: Instruction | None,
-) -> None:
-    out.emit_at("if ", tkn)
-    out.emit(next(tkn_iter))
-    emit_to(out, tkn_iter, "COMMA")
-    label = next(tkn_iter).text
-    next(tkn_iter)  # RPAREN
-    next(tkn_iter)  # Semi colon
-    out.emit(") JUMP_TO_ERROR();\n")
-
-
-def tier2_replace_error_no_pop(
-    out: CWriter,
-    tkn: Token,
-    tkn_iter: Iterator[Token],
-    uop: Uop,
-    stack: Stack,
-    inst: Instruction | None,
-) -> None:
-    next(tkn_iter)  # LPAREN
-    next(tkn_iter)  # RPAREN
-    next(tkn_iter)  # Semi colon
-    out.emit_at("JUMP_TO_ERROR();", tkn)
-
-def tier2_replace_deopt(
-    out: CWriter,
-    tkn: Token,
-    tkn_iter: Iterator[Token],
-    uop: Uop,
-    unused: Stack,
-    inst: Instruction | None,
-) -> None:
-    out.emit_at("if ", tkn)
-    out.emit(next(tkn_iter))
-    emit_to(out, tkn_iter, "RPAREN")
-    next(tkn_iter)  # Semi colon
-    out.emit(") {\n")
-    out.emit("UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);\n")
-    out.emit("JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();\n");
-    out.emit("}\n")
-
-
-def tier2_replace_exit_if(
-    out: CWriter,
-    tkn: Token,
-    tkn_iter: Iterator[Token],
-    uop: Uop,
-    unused: Stack,
-    inst: Instruction | None,
-) -> None:
-    out.emit_at("if ", tkn)
-    out.emit(next(tkn_iter))
-    emit_to(out, tkn_iter, "RPAREN")
-    next(tkn_iter)  # Semi colon
-    out.emit(") {\n")
-    out.emit("UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);\n")
-    out.emit("JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();\n")
-    out.emit("}\n")
-
-
-def tier2_replace_oparg(
-    out: CWriter,
-    tkn: Token,
-    tkn_iter: Iterator[Token],
-    uop: Uop,
-    unused: Stack,
-    inst: Instruction | None,
-) -> None:
-    if not uop.name.endswith("_0") and not uop.name.endswith("_1"):
-        out.emit(tkn)
-        return
-    amp = next(tkn_iter)
-    if amp.text != "&":
-        out.emit(tkn)
-        out.emit(amp)
-        return
-    one = next(tkn_iter)
-    assert one.text == "1"
-    out.emit_at(uop.name[-1], tkn)
+class Tier2Emitter(Emitter):
+
+    def __init__(self, out: CWriter):
+        super().__init__(out)
+        self._replacers["oparg"] = self.oparg
+
+    def error_if(
+        self,
+        tkn: Token,
+        tkn_iter: TokenIterator,
+        uop: Uop,
+        storage: Storage,
+        inst: Instruction | None,
+    ) -> bool:
+        self.out.emit_at("if ", tkn)
+        lparen = next(tkn_iter)
+        self.emit(lparen)
+        assert lparen.kind == "LPAREN"
+        first_tkn = next(tkn_iter)
+        self.out.emit(first_tkn)
+        emit_to(self.out, tkn_iter, "COMMA")
+        label = next(tkn_iter).text
+        next(tkn_iter)  # RPAREN
+        next(tkn_iter)  # Semi colon
+        self.emit(") JUMP_TO_ERROR();\n")
+        return not always_true(first_tkn)
+
 
+    def error_no_pop(
+        self,
+        tkn: Token,
+        tkn_iter: TokenIterator,
+        uop: Uop,
+        storage: Storage,
+        inst: Instruction | None,
+    ) -> bool:
+        next(tkn_iter)  # LPAREN
+        next(tkn_iter)  # RPAREN
+        next(tkn_iter)  # Semi colon
+        self.out.emit_at("JUMP_TO_ERROR();", tkn)
+        return False
 
-TIER2_REPLACEMENT_FUNCTIONS = REPLACEMENT_FUNCTIONS.copy()
-TIER2_REPLACEMENT_FUNCTIONS["ERROR_IF"] = tier2_replace_error
-TIER2_REPLACEMENT_FUNCTIONS["ERROR_NO_POP"] = tier2_replace_error_no_pop
-TIER2_REPLACEMENT_FUNCTIONS["DEOPT_IF"] = tier2_replace_deopt
-TIER2_REPLACEMENT_FUNCTIONS["oparg"] = tier2_replace_oparg
-TIER2_REPLACEMENT_FUNCTIONS["EXIT_IF"] = tier2_replace_exit_if
+    def deopt_if(
+        self,
+        tkn: Token,
+        tkn_iter: TokenIterator,
+        uop: Uop,
+        storage: Storage,
+        inst: Instruction | None,
+    ) -> bool:
+        self.out.emit_at("if ", tkn)
+        lparen = next(tkn_iter)
+        self.emit(lparen)
+        assert lparen.kind == "LPAREN"
+        first_tkn = tkn_iter.peek()
+        emit_to(self.out, tkn_iter, "RPAREN")
+        next(tkn_iter)  # Semi colon
+        self.emit(") {\n")
+        self.emit("UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);\n")
+        self.emit("JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();\n")
+        self.emit("}\n")
+        return not always_true(first_tkn)
 
+    def exit_if(  # type: ignore[override]
+        self,
+        tkn: Token,
+        tkn_iter: TokenIterator,
+        uop: Uop,
+        storage: Storage,
+        inst: Instruction | None,
+    ) -> bool:
+        self.out.emit_at("if ", tkn)
+        lparen = next(tkn_iter)
+        self.emit(lparen)
+        first_tkn = tkn_iter.peek()
+        emit_to(self.out, tkn_iter, "RPAREN")
+        next(tkn_iter)  # Semi colon
+        self.emit(") {\n")
+        self.emit("UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, miss);\n")
+        self.emit("JUMP_TO_JUMP_TARGET();\n")
+        self.emit("}\n")
+        return not always_true(first_tkn)
 
-def write_uop(uop: Uop, out: CWriter, stack: Stack) -> None:
+    def oparg(
+        self,
+        tkn: Token,
+        tkn_iter: TokenIterator,
+        uop: Uop,
+        storage: Storage,
+        inst: Instruction | None,
+    ) -> bool:
+        if not uop.name.endswith("_0") and not uop.name.endswith("_1"):
+            self.emit(tkn)
+            return True
+        amp = next(tkn_iter)
+        if amp.text != "&":
+            self.emit(tkn)
+            self.emit(amp)
+            return True
+        one = next(tkn_iter)
+        assert one.text == "1"
+        self.out.emit_at(uop.name[-1], tkn)
+        return True
+
+
+def write_uop(uop: Uop, emitter: Emitter, stack: Stack) -> Stack:
+    locals: dict[str, Local] = {}
     try:
-        out.start_line()
+        emitter.out.start_line()
         if uop.properties.oparg:
-            out.emit("oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();\n")
+            emitter.emit("oparg = CURRENT_OPARG();\n")
             assert uop.properties.const_oparg < 0
         elif uop.properties.const_oparg >= 0:
-            out.emit(f"oparg = {uop.properties.const_oparg};\n")
-            out.emit(f"assert(oparg == CURRENT_OPARG());\n")
-        for var in reversed(uop.stack.inputs):
-            out.emit(stack.pop(var))
-        if not uop.properties.stores_sp:
-            for i, var in enumerate(uop.stack.outputs):
-                out.emit(stack.push(var))
+            emitter.emit(f"oparg = {uop.properties.const_oparg};\n")
+            emitter.emit(f"assert(oparg == CURRENT_OPARG());\n")
+        code_list, storage = Storage.for_uop(stack, uop)
+        for code in code_list:
+            emitter.emit(code)
         for cache in uop.caches:
             if cache.name != "unused":
                 if cache.size == 4:
@@ -174,14 +188,11 @@ def write_uop(uop: Uop, out: CWriter, stack: Stack) -> None:
                 else:
                     type = f"uint{cache.size*16}_t "
                     cast = f"uint{cache.size*16}_t"
-                out.emit(f"{type}{cache.name} = ({cast})CURRENT_OPERAND();\n")
-        emit_tokens(out, uop, stack, None, TIER2_REPLACEMENT_FUNCTIONS)
-        if uop.properties.stores_sp:
-            for i, var in enumerate(uop.stack.outputs):
-                out.emit(stack.push(var))
-    except SizeMismatch as ex:
-        raise analysis_error(ex.args[0], uop.body[0])
-
+                emitter.emit(f"{type}{cache.name} = ({cast})CURRENT_OPERAND();\n")
+        storage = emitter.emit_tokens(uop, storage, None)
+    except StackError as ex:
+        raise analysis_error(ex.args[0], uop.body[0]) from None
+    return storage.stack
 
 SKIPS = ("_EXTENDED_ARG",)
 
@@ -199,6 +210,7 @@ def generate_tier2(
 """
     )
     out = CWriter(outfile, 2, lines)
+    emitter = Tier2Emitter(out)
     out.emit("\n")
     for name, uop in analysis.uops.items():
         if uop.properties.tier == 1:
@@ -210,17 +222,17 @@ def generate_tier2(
             continue
         why_not_viable = uop.why_not_viable()
         if why_not_viable is not None:
-            out.emit(f"/* {uop.name} is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 because it {why_not_viable} */\n\n")
+            out.emit(
+                f"/* {uop.name} is not a viable micro-op for tier 2 because it {why_not_viable} */\n\n"
+            )
             continue
         out.emit(f"case {uop.name}: {{\n")
         declare_variables(uop, out)
         stack = Stack()
-        write_uop(uop, out, stack)
+        stack = write_uop(uop, emitter, stack)
         out.start_line()
         if not uop.properties.always_exits:
             stack.flush(out)
-            if uop.properties.ends_with_eval_breaker:
-                out.emit("CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();\n")
             out.emit("break;\n")
         out.start_line()
         out.emit("}")
diff --git a/Tools/cases_generator/uop_id_generator.py b/Tools/cases_generator/uop_id_generator.py
index eb5e3f4a324735..aae89faaa928e1 100644
--- a/Tools/cases_generator/uop_id_generator.py
+++ b/Tools/cases_generator/uop_id_generator.py
@@ -4,12 +4,9 @@
 """
 
 import argparse
-import os.path
-import sys
 
 from analyzer import (
     Analysis,
-    Instruction,
     analyze_files,
 )
 from generators_common import (
diff --git a/Tools/clinic/libclinic/clanguage.py b/Tools/clinic/libclinic/clanguage.py
index 10efedd5cb9cea..73d47833d97294 100644
--- a/Tools/clinic/libclinic/clanguage.py
+++ b/Tools/clinic/libclinic/clanguage.py
@@ -21,6 +21,16 @@
     from libclinic.app import Clinic
 
 
+def c_id(name: str) -> str:
+    if len(name) == 1 and ord(name) < 256:
+        if name.isalnum():
+            return f"_Py_LATIN1_CHR('{name}')"
+        else:
+            return f'_Py_LATIN1_CHR({ord(name)})'
+    else:
+        return f'&_Py_ID({name})'
+
+
 class CLanguage(Language):
 
     body_prefix   = "#"
@@ -167,11 +177,11 @@ def deprecate_keyword_use(
                 if argname_fmt:
                     conditions.append(f"nargs < {i+1} && {argname_fmt % i}")
                 elif fastcall:
-                    conditions.append(f"nargs < {i+1} && PySequence_Contains(kwnames, &_Py_ID({p.name}))")
+                    conditions.append(f"nargs < {i+1} && PySequence_Contains(kwnames, {c_id(p.name)})")
                     containscheck = "PySequence_Contains"
                     codegen.add_include('pycore_runtime.h', '_Py_ID()')
                 else:
-                    conditions.append(f"nargs < {i+1} && PyDict_Contains(kwargs, &_Py_ID({p.name}))")
+                    conditions.append(f"nargs < {i+1} && PyDict_Contains(kwargs, {c_id(p.name)})")
                     containscheck = "PyDict_Contains"
                     codegen.add_include('pycore_runtime.h', '_Py_ID()')
             else:
@@ -459,7 +469,7 @@ def render_function(
         template_dict['keywords_c'] = ' '.join('"' + k + '",'
                                                for k in data.keywords)
         keywords = [k for k in data.keywords if k]
-        template_dict['keywords_py'] = ' '.join('&_Py_ID(' + k + '),'
+        template_dict['keywords_py'] = ' '.join(c_id(k) + ','
                                                 for k in keywords)
         template_dict['format_units'] = ''.join(data.format_units)
         template_dict['parse_arguments'] = ', '.join(data.parse_arguments)
diff --git a/Tools/clinic/libclinic/dsl_parser.py b/Tools/clinic/libclinic/dsl_parser.py
index 0d28dba3474827..7f278568f8a671 100644
--- a/Tools/clinic/libclinic/dsl_parser.py
+++ b/Tools/clinic/libclinic/dsl_parser.py
@@ -916,8 +916,8 @@ def parse_parameter(self, line: str) -> None:
                  f"invalid parameter declaration (**kwargs?): {line!r}")
 
         if function_args.vararg:
-            if any(p.is_vararg() for p in self.function.parameters.values()):
-                fail("Too many var args")
+            self.check_previous_star()
+            self.check_remaining_star()
             is_vararg = True
             parameter = function_args.vararg
         else:
@@ -1125,6 +1125,9 @@ def bad_node(self, node: ast.AST) -> None:
         key = f"{parameter_name}_as_{c_name}" if c_name else parameter_name
         self.function.parameters[key] = p
 
+        if is_vararg:
+            self.keyword_only = True
+
     @staticmethod
     def parse_converter(
         annotation: ast.expr | None
@@ -1166,8 +1169,6 @@ def parse_star(self, function: Function, version: VersionTuple | None) -> None:
         the marker will take effect (None means it is already in effect).
         """
         if version is None:
-            if self.keyword_only:
-                fail(f"Function {function.name!r} uses '*' more than once.")
             self.check_previous_star()
             self.check_remaining_star()
             self.keyword_only = True
@@ -1457,6 +1458,7 @@ def add_parameter(text: str) -> None:
 
                 if p.is_vararg():
                     p_lines.append("*")
+                    added_star = True
 
                 name = p.converter.signature_name or p.name
                 p_lines.append(name)
@@ -1566,7 +1568,8 @@ def check_remaining_star(self, lineno: int | None = None) -> None:
 
         for p in reversed(self.function.parameters.values()):
             if self.keyword_only:
-                if p.kind == inspect.Parameter.KEYWORD_ONLY:
+                if (p.kind == inspect.Parameter.KEYWORD_ONLY or
+                    p.kind == inspect.Parameter.VAR_POSITIONAL):
                     return
             elif self.deprecated_positional:
                 if p.deprecated_positional == self.deprecated_positional:
@@ -1576,12 +1579,11 @@ def check_remaining_star(self, lineno: int | None = None) -> None:
         fail(f"Function {self.function.name!r} specifies {symbol!r} "
              f"without following parameters.", line_number=lineno)
 
-    def check_previous_star(self, lineno: int | None = None) -> None:
+    def check_previous_star(self) -> None:
         assert isinstance(self.function, Function)
 
-        for p in self.function.parameters.values():
-            if p.kind == inspect.Parameter.VAR_POSITIONAL:
-                fail(f"Function {self.function.name!r} uses '*' more than once.")
+        if self.keyword_only:
+            fail(f"Function {self.function.name!r} uses '*' more than once.")
 
 
     def do_post_block_processing_cleanup(self, lineno: int) -> None:
diff --git a/Tools/clinic/libclinic/parse_args.py b/Tools/clinic/libclinic/parse_args.py
index 0f67901dd8609a..96c9b919bff811 100644
--- a/Tools/clinic/libclinic/parse_args.py
+++ b/Tools/clinic/libclinic/parse_args.py
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ def __init__(self, func: Function, codegen: CodeGen) -> None:
             if p.is_keyword_only():
                 assert not p.is_positional_only()
                 if not p.is_optional():
-                    self.min_kw_only = i - self.max_pos
+                    self.min_kw_only = i - self.max_pos - int(self.vararg != NO_VARARG)
             elif p.is_vararg():
                 self.pseudo_args += 1
                 self.vararg = i - 1
diff --git a/Tools/gdb/libpython.py b/Tools/gdb/libpython.py
index 5fdc812a00f059..946af4be1a7589 100755
--- a/Tools/gdb/libpython.py
+++ b/Tools/gdb/libpython.py
@@ -69,9 +69,6 @@ def _type_unsigned_int_ptr():
 def _sizeof_void_p():
     return gdb.lookup_type('void').pointer().sizeof
 
-def _sizeof_pyobject():
-    return gdb.lookup_type('PyObject').sizeof
-
 def _managed_dict_offset():
     # See pycore_object.h
     pyobj = gdb.lookup_type("PyObject")
@@ -100,6 +97,8 @@ def _managed_dict_offset():
 
 hexdigits = "0123456789abcdef"
 
+USED_TAGS = 0b11
+
 ENCODING = locale.getpreferredencoding()
 
 FRAME_INFO_OPTIMIZED_OUT = '(frame information optimized out)'
@@ -158,7 +157,12 @@ class PyObjectPtr(object):
     _typename = 'PyObject'
 
     def __init__(self, gdbval, cast_to=None):
-        if cast_to:
+        # Clear the tagged pointer
+        if gdbval.type.name == '_PyStackRef':
+            if cast_to is None:
+                cast_to = gdb.lookup_type('PyObject').pointer()
+            self._gdbval = gdb.Value(int(gdbval['bits']) & ~USED_TAGS).cast(cast_to)
+        elif cast_to:
             self._gdbval = gdbval.cast(cast_to)
         else:
             self._gdbval = gdbval
@@ -501,7 +505,7 @@ def get_keys_values(self):
         dict_ptr = dict_ptr_ptr.cast(_type_char_ptr().pointer()).dereference()
         if int(dict_ptr):
             return None
-        char_ptr = obj_ptr + _sizeof_pyobject()
+        char_ptr = obj_ptr + typeobj.field('tp_basicsize')
         values_ptr = char_ptr.cast(gdb.lookup_type("PyDictValues").pointer())
         values = values_ptr['values']
         return PyKeysValuesPair(self.get_cached_keys(), values)
@@ -1051,7 +1055,7 @@ def iter_locals(self):
 
         obj_ptr_ptr = gdb.lookup_type("PyObject").pointer().pointer()
 
-        localsplus = self._gdbval["localsplus"].cast(obj_ptr_ptr)
+        localsplus = self._gdbval["localsplus"]
 
         for i in safe_range(self.co_nlocals):
             pyop_value = PyObjectPtr.from_pyobject_ptr(localsplus[i])
@@ -1580,7 +1584,10 @@ def to_string (self):
             return stringify(proxyval)
 
 def pretty_printer_lookup(gdbval):
-    type = gdbval.type.unqualified()
+    type = gdbval.type.strip_typedefs().unqualified()
+    if type.code == gdb.TYPE_CODE_UNION and type.tag == '_PyStackRef':
+        return PyObjectPtrPrinter(gdbval)
+
     if type.code != gdb.TYPE_CODE_PTR:
         return None
 
diff --git a/Tools/jit/README.md b/Tools/jit/README.md
index ae126661c6ce25..bc6f793b296f12 100644
--- a/Tools/jit/README.md
+++ b/Tools/jit/README.md
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 The JIT Compiler
 ================
 
-This version of CPython can be built with an experimental just-in-time compiler. While most everything you already know about building and using CPython is unchanged, you will probably need to install a compatible version of LLVM first.
+This version of CPython can be built with an experimental just-in-time compiler[^pep-744]. While most everything you already know about building and using CPython is unchanged, you will probably need to install a compatible version of LLVM first.
 
 ## Installing LLVM
 
@@ -41,6 +41,12 @@ Homebrew won't add any of the tools to your `$PATH`. That's okay; the build scri
 
 Install LLVM 18 [by searching for it on LLVM's GitHub releases page](https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/releases?q=18), clicking on "Assets", downloading the appropriate Windows installer for your platform (likely the file ending with `-win64.exe`), and running it. **When installing, be sure to select the option labeled "Add LLVM to the system PATH".**
 
+Alternatively, you can use [chocolatey](https://chocolatey.org):
+
+```sh
+choco install llvm --version=18.1.6
+```
+
 ### Dev Containers
 
 If you are working CPython in a [Codespaces instance](https://devguide.python.org/getting-started/setup-building/#using-codespaces), there's no need to install LLVM as the Fedora 40 base image includes LLVM 18 out of the box.
@@ -51,6 +57,10 @@ For `PCbuild`-based builds, pass the new `--experimental-jit` option to `build.b
 
 For all other builds, pass the new `--enable-experimental-jit` option to `configure`.
 
-Otherwise, just configure and build as you normally would. Cross-compiling "just works", since the JIT is built for the host platform.
+Otherwise, just configure and build as you normally would. Cross-compiling "just works", since the JIT is built for the host platform. 
+
+The JIT can also be enabled or disabled using the `PYTHON_JIT` environment variable, even on builds where it is enabled or disabled by default. More details about configuring CPython with the JIT and optional values for `--enable-experimental-jit` can be found [here](https://docs.python.org/dev/whatsnew/3.13.html#experimental-jit-compiler).
+
+[^pep-744]: [PEP 744](https://peps.python.org/pep-0744/)
 
 [^why-llvm]: Clang is specifically needed because it's the only C compiler with support for guaranteed tail calls (`musttail`), which are required by CPython's continuation-passing-style approach to JIT compilation. Since LLVM also includes other functionalities we need (namely, object file parsing and disassembly), it's convenient to only support one toolchain at this time.
diff --git a/Tools/jit/_llvm.py b/Tools/jit/_llvm.py
index 45bd69ff861b56..606f280a14d974 100644
--- a/Tools/jit/_llvm.py
+++ b/Tools/jit/_llvm.py
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 import typing
 
 _LLVM_VERSION = 18
-_LLVM_VERSION_PATTERN = re.compile(rf"version\s+{_LLVM_VERSION}\.\d+\.\d+\s+")
+_LLVM_VERSION_PATTERN = re.compile(rf"version\s+{_LLVM_VERSION}\.\d+\.\d+\S*\s+")
 
 _P = typing.ParamSpec("_P")
 _R = typing.TypeVar("_R")
diff --git a/Tools/jit/_stencils.py b/Tools/jit/_stencils.py
index 6e046df3026ae9..e4b2bf6e4702b3 100644
--- a/Tools/jit/_stencils.py
+++ b/Tools/jit/_stencils.py
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 
 import dataclasses
 import enum
-import sys
 import typing
 
 import _schema
@@ -40,10 +39,6 @@ class HoleValue(enum.Enum):
     JUMP_TARGET = enum.auto()
     # The base address of the machine code for the error jump target (exposed as _JIT_ERROR_TARGET):
     ERROR_TARGET = enum.auto()
-    # The index of the exit to be jumped through (exposed as _JIT_EXIT_INDEX):
-    EXIT_INDEX = enum.auto()
-    # The base address of the machine code for the first uop (exposed as _JIT_TOP):
-    TOP = enum.auto()
     # A hardcoded value of zero (used for symbol lookups):
     ZERO = enum.auto()
 
@@ -107,10 +102,8 @@ class HoleValue(enum.Enum):
     HoleValue.OPERAND_HI: "(instruction->operand >> 32)",
     HoleValue.OPERAND_LO: "(instruction->operand & UINT32_MAX)",
     HoleValue.TARGET: "instruction->target",
-    HoleValue.JUMP_TARGET: "instruction_starts[instruction->jump_target]",
-    HoleValue.ERROR_TARGET: "instruction_starts[instruction->error_target]",
-    HoleValue.EXIT_INDEX: "instruction->exit_index",
-    HoleValue.TOP: "instruction_starts[1]",
+    HoleValue.JUMP_TARGET: "state->instruction_starts[instruction->jump_target]",
+    HoleValue.ERROR_TARGET: "state->instruction_starts[instruction->error_target]",
     HoleValue.ZERO: "",
 }
 
@@ -131,6 +124,7 @@ class Hole:
     symbol: str | None
     # ...plus this addend:
     addend: int
+    need_state: bool = False
     func: str = dataclasses.field(init=False)
     # Convenience method:
     replace = dataclasses.replace
@@ -163,10 +157,12 @@ def as_c(self, where: str) -> str:
             if value:
                 value += " + "
             value += f"(uintptr_t)&{self.symbol}"
-        if _signed(self.addend):
+        if _signed(self.addend) or not value:
             if value:
                 value += " + "
             value += f"{_signed(self.addend):#x}"
+        if self.need_state:
+            return f"{self.func}({location}, {value}, state);"
         return f"{self.func}({location}, {value});"
 
 
@@ -189,43 +185,6 @@ def pad(self, alignment: int) -> None:
         self.disassembly.append(f"{offset:x}: {' '.join(['00'] * padding)}")
         self.body.extend([0] * padding)
 
-    def emit_aarch64_trampoline(self, hole: Hole) -> None:
-        """Even with the large code model, AArch64 Linux insists on 28-bit jumps."""
-        base = len(self.body)
-        where = slice(hole.offset, hole.offset + 4)
-        instruction = int.from_bytes(self.body[where], sys.byteorder)
-        instruction &= 0xFC000000
-        instruction |= ((base - hole.offset) >> 2) & 0x03FFFFFF
-        self.body[where] = instruction.to_bytes(4, sys.byteorder)
-        self.disassembly += [
-            f"{base + 4 * 0:x}: d2800008      mov     x8, #0x0",
-            f"{base + 4 * 0:016x}:  R_AARCH64_MOVW_UABS_G0_NC    {hole.symbol}",
-            f"{base + 4 * 1:x}: f2a00008      movk    x8, #0x0, lsl #16",
-            f"{base + 4 * 1:016x}:  R_AARCH64_MOVW_UABS_G1_NC    {hole.symbol}",
-            f"{base + 4 * 2:x}: f2c00008      movk    x8, #0x0, lsl #32",
-            f"{base + 4 * 2:016x}:  R_AARCH64_MOVW_UABS_G2_NC    {hole.symbol}",
-            f"{base + 4 * 3:x}: f2e00008      movk    x8, #0x0, lsl #48",
-            f"{base + 4 * 3:016x}:  R_AARCH64_MOVW_UABS_G3       {hole.symbol}",
-            f"{base + 4 * 4:x}: d61f0100      br      x8",
-        ]
-        for code in [
-            0xD2800008.to_bytes(4, sys.byteorder),
-            0xF2A00008.to_bytes(4, sys.byteorder),
-            0xF2C00008.to_bytes(4, sys.byteorder),
-            0xF2E00008.to_bytes(4, sys.byteorder),
-            0xD61F0100.to_bytes(4, sys.byteorder),
-        ]:
-            self.body.extend(code)
-        for i, kind in enumerate(
-            [
-                "R_AARCH64_MOVW_UABS_G0_NC",
-                "R_AARCH64_MOVW_UABS_G1_NC",
-                "R_AARCH64_MOVW_UABS_G2_NC",
-                "R_AARCH64_MOVW_UABS_G3",
-            ]
-        ):
-            self.holes.append(hole.replace(offset=base + 4 * i, kind=kind))
-
     def remove_jump(self, *, alignment: int = 1) -> None:
         """Remove a zero-length continuation jump, if it exists."""
         hole = max(self.holes, key=lambda hole: hole.offset)
@@ -291,8 +250,14 @@ class StencilGroup:
         default_factory=dict, init=False
     )
     _got: dict[str, int] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=dict, init=False)
-
-    def process_relocations(self, *, alignment: int = 1) -> None:
+    _trampolines: set[int] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=set, init=False)
+
+    def process_relocations(
+        self,
+        known_symbols: dict[str, int],
+        *,
+        alignment: int = 1,
+    ) -> None:
         """Fix up all GOT and internal relocations for this stencil group."""
         for hole in self.code.holes.copy():
             if (
@@ -300,9 +265,17 @@ def process_relocations(self, *, alignment: int = 1) -> None:
                 in {"R_AARCH64_CALL26", "R_AARCH64_JUMP26", "ARM64_RELOC_BRANCH26"}
                 and hole.value is HoleValue.ZERO
             ):
-                self.code.pad(alignment)
-                self.code.emit_aarch64_trampoline(hole)
-                self.code.holes.remove(hole)
+                hole.func = "patch_aarch64_trampoline"
+                hole.need_state = True
+                assert hole.symbol is not None
+                if hole.symbol in known_symbols:
+                    ordinal = known_symbols[hole.symbol]
+                else:
+                    ordinal = len(known_symbols)
+                    known_symbols[hole.symbol] = ordinal
+                self._trampolines.add(ordinal)
+                hole.addend = ordinal
+                hole.symbol = None
         self.code.remove_jump(alignment=alignment)
         self.code.pad(alignment)
         self.data.pad(8)
@@ -357,9 +330,20 @@ def _emit_global_offset_table(self) -> None:
             )
             self.data.body.extend([0] * 8)
 
+    def _get_trampoline_mask(self) -> str:
+        bitmask: int = 0
+        trampoline_mask: list[str] = []
+        for ordinal in self._trampolines:
+            bitmask |= 1 << ordinal
+        while bitmask:
+            word = bitmask & ((1 << 32) - 1)
+            trampoline_mask.append(f"{word:#04x}")
+            bitmask >>= 32
+        return "{" + (", ".join(trampoline_mask) or "0") + "}"
+
     def as_c(self, opname: str) -> str:
         """Dump this hole as a StencilGroup initializer."""
-        return f"{{emit_{opname}, {len(self.code.body)}, {len(self.data.body)}}}"
+        return f"{{emit_{opname}, {len(self.code.body)}, {len(self.data.body)}, {self._get_trampoline_mask()}}}"
 
 
 def symbol_to_value(symbol: str) -> tuple[HoleValue, str | None]:
diff --git a/Tools/jit/_targets.py b/Tools/jit/_targets.py
index 5604c429bcf8ad..5eb316e782fda8 100644
--- a/Tools/jit/_targets.py
+++ b/Tools/jit/_targets.py
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ class _Target(typing.Generic[_S, _R]):
     stable: bool = False
     debug: bool = False
     verbose: bool = False
+    known_symbols: dict[str, int] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=dict)
 
     def _compute_digest(self, out: pathlib.Path) -> str:
         hasher = hashlib.sha256()
@@ -95,7 +96,9 @@ async def _parse(self, path: pathlib.Path) -> _stencils.StencilGroup:
         if group.data.body:
             line = f"0: {str(bytes(group.data.body)).removeprefix('b')}"
             group.data.disassembly.append(line)
-        group.process_relocations(alignment=self.alignment)
+        group.process_relocations(
+            known_symbols=self.known_symbols, alignment=self.alignment
+        )
         return group
 
     def _handle_section(self, section: _S, group: _stencils.StencilGroup) -> None:
@@ -182,15 +185,27 @@ async def _compile(
 
     async def _build_stencils(self) -> dict[str, _stencils.StencilGroup]:
         generated_cases = PYTHON_EXECUTOR_CASES_C_H.read_text()
-        opnames = sorted(re.findall(r"\n {8}case (\w+): \{\n", generated_cases))
+        cases_and_opnames = sorted(
+            re.findall(
+                r"\n {8}(case (\w+): \{\n.*?\n {8}\})", generated_cases, flags=re.DOTALL
+            )
+        )
         tasks = []
         with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tempdir:
             work = pathlib.Path(tempdir).resolve()
             async with asyncio.TaskGroup() as group:
                 coro = self._compile("trampoline", TOOLS_JIT / "trampoline.c", work)
                 tasks.append(group.create_task(coro, name="trampoline"))
-                for opname in opnames:
-                    coro = self._compile(opname, TOOLS_JIT_TEMPLATE_C, work)
+                template = TOOLS_JIT_TEMPLATE_C.read_text()
+                for case, opname in cases_and_opnames:
+                    # Write out a copy of the template with *only* this case
+                    # inserted. This is about twice as fast as #include'ing all
+                    # of executor_cases.c.h each time we compile (since the C
+                    # compiler wastes a bunch of time parsing the dead code for
+                    # all of the other cases):
+                    c = work / f"{opname}.c"
+                    c.write_text(template.replace("CASE", case))
+                    coro = self._compile(opname, c, work)
                     tasks.append(group.create_task(coro, name=opname))
         return {task.get_name(): task.result() for task in tasks}
 
@@ -219,9 +234,14 @@ def build(
                 if comment:
                     file.write(f"// {comment}\n")
                 file.write("\n")
-                for line in _writer.dump(stencil_groups):
+                for line in _writer.dump(stencil_groups, self.known_symbols):
                     file.write(f"{line}\n")
-            jit_stencils_new.replace(jit_stencils)
+            try:
+                jit_stencils_new.replace(jit_stencils)
+            except FileNotFoundError:
+                # another process probably already moved the file
+                if not jit_stencils.is_file():
+                    raise
         finally:
             jit_stencils_new.unlink(missing_ok=True)
 
@@ -507,7 +527,12 @@ def get_target(host: str) -> _COFF | _ELF | _MachO:
         args = ["-fms-runtime-lib=dll"]
         target = _COFF(host, alignment=8, args=args)
     elif re.fullmatch(r"aarch64-.*-linux-gnu", host):
-        args = ["-fpic"]
+        args = [
+            "-fpic",
+            # On aarch64 Linux, intrinsics were being emitted and this flag
+            # was required to disable them.
+            "-mno-outline-atomics",
+        ]
         target = _ELF(host, alignment=8, args=args)
     elif re.fullmatch(r"i686-pc-windows-msvc", host):
         args = ["-DPy_NO_ENABLE_SHARED"]
diff --git a/Tools/jit/_writer.py b/Tools/jit/_writer.py
index 9d11094f85c7ff..4e7f614b0e9d23 100644
--- a/Tools/jit/_writer.py
+++ b/Tools/jit/_writer.py
@@ -2,17 +2,24 @@
 
 import itertools
 import typing
+import math
 
 import _stencils
 
 
-def _dump_footer(groups: dict[str, _stencils.StencilGroup]) -> typing.Iterator[str]:
+def _dump_footer(
+    groups: dict[str, _stencils.StencilGroup], symbols: dict[str, int]
+) -> typing.Iterator[str]:
+    symbol_mask_size = max(math.ceil(len(symbols) / 32), 1)
+    yield f'static_assert(SYMBOL_MASK_WORDS >= {symbol_mask_size}, "SYMBOL_MASK_WORDS too small");'
+    yield ""
     yield "typedef struct {"
     yield "    void (*emit)("
     yield "        unsigned char *code, unsigned char *data, _PyExecutorObject *executor,"
-    yield "        const _PyUOpInstruction *instruction, uintptr_t instruction_starts[]);"
+    yield "        const _PyUOpInstruction *instruction, jit_state *state);"
     yield "    size_t code_size;"
     yield "    size_t data_size;"
+    yield "    symbol_mask trampoline_mask;"
     yield "} StencilGroup;"
     yield ""
     yield f"static const StencilGroup trampoline = {groups['trampoline'].as_c('trampoline')};"
@@ -23,13 +30,21 @@ def _dump_footer(groups: dict[str, _stencils.StencilGroup]) -> typing.Iterator[s
             continue
         yield f"    [{opname}] = {group.as_c(opname)},"
     yield "};"
+    yield ""
+    yield f"static const void * const symbols_map[{max(len(symbols), 1)}] = {{"
+    if symbols:
+        for symbol, ordinal in symbols.items():
+            yield f"    [{ordinal}] = &{symbol},"
+    else:
+        yield "    0"
+    yield "};"
 
 
 def _dump_stencil(opname: str, group: _stencils.StencilGroup) -> typing.Iterator[str]:
     yield "void"
     yield f"emit_{opname}("
     yield "    unsigned char *code, unsigned char *data, _PyExecutorObject *executor,"
-    yield "    const _PyUOpInstruction *instruction, uintptr_t instruction_starts[])"
+    yield "    const _PyUOpInstruction *instruction, jit_state *state)"
     yield "{"
     for part, stencil in [("code", group.code), ("data", group.data)]:
         for line in stencil.disassembly:
@@ -58,8 +73,10 @@ def _dump_stencil(opname: str, group: _stencils.StencilGroup) -> typing.Iterator
     yield ""
 
 
-def dump(groups: dict[str, _stencils.StencilGroup]) -> typing.Iterator[str]:
+def dump(
+    groups: dict[str, _stencils.StencilGroup], symbols: dict[str, int]
+) -> typing.Iterator[str]:
     """Yield a JIT compiler line-by-line as a C header file."""
     for opname, group in sorted(groups.items()):
         yield from _dump_stencil(opname, group)
-    yield from _dump_footer(groups)
+    yield from _dump_footer(groups, symbols)
diff --git a/Tools/jit/ignore-tests-emulated-linux.txt b/Tools/jit/ignore-tests-emulated-linux.txt
index 84e8c0ee8afedb..e379e39def0eaf 100644
--- a/Tools/jit/ignore-tests-emulated-linux.txt
+++ b/Tools/jit/ignore-tests-emulated-linux.txt
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 test_multiprocessing_fork
+test_strftime_y2k
 test.test_asyncio.test_unix_events.TestFork.test_fork_asyncio_run
 test.test_asyncio.test_unix_events.TestFork.test_fork_asyncio_subprocess
 test.test_asyncio.test_unix_events.TestFork.test_fork_signal_handling
@@ -11,6 +12,10 @@ test.test_external_inspection.TestGetStackTrace.test_self_trace
 test.test_faulthandler.FaultHandlerTests.test_enable_fd
 test.test_faulthandler.FaultHandlerTests.test_enable_file
 test.test_init.ProcessPoolForkFailingInitializerTest.test_initializer
+test.test_logging.ConfigDictTest.test_111615
+test.test_logging.ConfigDictTest.test_config_queue_handler
+test.test_logging.ConfigDictTest.test_multiprocessing_queues
+test.test_logging.ConfigDictTest.test_config_queue_handler_multiprocessing_context
 test.test_os.ForkTests.test_fork_warns_when_non_python_thread_exists
 test.test_os.TimerfdTests.test_timerfd_initval
 test.test_os.TimerfdTests.test_timerfd_interval
@@ -76,4 +81,4 @@ test.test_subprocess.ProcessTestCaseNoPoll.test_cwd_with_relative_executable
 test.test_subprocess.ProcessTestCaseNoPoll.test_empty_env
 test.test_subprocess.ProcessTestCaseNoPoll.test_file_not_found_includes_filename
 test.test_subprocess.ProcessTestCaseNoPoll.test_one_environment_variable
-test.test_venv.BasicTest.test_zippath_from_non_installed_posix
\ No newline at end of file
+test.test_venv.BasicTest.test_zippath_from_non_installed_posix
diff --git a/Tools/jit/template.c b/Tools/jit/template.c
index a81e866e9da4b3..6cf15085f79933 100644
--- a/Tools/jit/template.c
+++ b/Tools/jit/template.c
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #include "pycore_setobject.h"
 #include "pycore_sliceobject.h"
 #include "pycore_descrobject.h"
+#include "pycore_stackref.h"
 
 #include "ceval_macros.h"
 
@@ -80,8 +81,13 @@ do {                                                         \
 #undef JUMP_TO_ERROR
 #define JUMP_TO_ERROR() PATCH_JUMP(_JIT_ERROR_TARGET)
 
+#undef WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS
+#define WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS() 1
+
+#define TIER_TWO 2
+
 _Py_CODEUNIT *
-_JIT_ENTRY(_PyInterpreterFrame *frame, PyObject **stack_pointer, PyThreadState *tstate)
+_JIT_ENTRY(_PyInterpreterFrame *frame, _PyStackRef *stack_pointer, PyThreadState *tstate)
 {
     // Locals that the instruction implementations expect to exist:
     PATCH_VALUE(_PyExecutorObject *, current_executor, _JIT_EXECUTOR)
@@ -99,17 +105,13 @@ _JIT_ENTRY(_PyInterpreterFrame *frame, PyObject **stack_pointer, PyThreadState *
     uint64_t _operand = ((uint64_t)_operand_hi << 32) | _operand_lo;
 #endif
     PATCH_VALUE(uint32_t, _target, _JIT_TARGET)
-    PATCH_VALUE(uint16_t, _exit_index, _JIT_EXIT_INDEX)
 
     OPT_STAT_INC(uops_executed);
     UOP_STAT_INC(uopcode, execution_count);
 
-    // The actual instruction definitions (only one will be used):
-    if (uopcode == _JUMP_TO_TOP) {
-        PATCH_JUMP(_JIT_TOP);
-    }
     switch (uopcode) {
-#include "executor_cases.c.h"
+        // The actual instruction definition gets inserted here:
+        CASE
         default:
             Py_UNREACHABLE();
     }
@@ -125,11 +127,4 @@ _JIT_ENTRY(_PyInterpreterFrame *frame, PyObject **stack_pointer, PyThreadState *
 exit_to_tier1_dynamic:
     tstate->previous_executor = (PyObject *)current_executor;
     GOTO_TIER_ONE(frame->instr_ptr);
-exit_to_trace:
-    {
-        _PyExitData *exit = &current_executor->exits[_exit_index];
-        Py_INCREF(exit->executor);
-        tstate->previous_executor = (PyObject *)current_executor;
-        GOTO_TIER_TWO(exit->executor);
-    }
 }
diff --git a/Tools/jit/trampoline.c b/Tools/jit/trampoline.c
index 01b3d63a6790ba..a0a963f2a49656 100644
--- a/Tools/jit/trampoline.c
+++ b/Tools/jit/trampoline.c
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 // The actual change is patched in while the JIT compiler is being built, in
 // Tools/jit/_targets.py. On other platforms, this function compiles to nothing.
 _Py_CODEUNIT *
-_ENTRY(_PyInterpreterFrame *frame, PyObject **stack_pointer, PyThreadState *tstate)
+_ENTRY(_PyInterpreterFrame *frame, _PyStackRef *stack_pointer, PyThreadState *tstate)
 {
     // This is subtle. The actual trace will return to us once it exits, so we
     // need to make sure that we stay alive until then. If our trace side-exits
diff --git a/Tools/msi/README.txt b/Tools/msi/README.txt
index c25ada8397cd95..8ae156450d5240 100644
--- a/Tools/msi/README.txt
+++ b/Tools/msi/README.txt
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ script:
 For an official release, the installer should be built with the
 Tools/msi/buildrelease.bat script and environment variables:
 
-    set PYTHON=<path to Python 3.8 or later>
+    set PYTHON=<path to Python 3.10 or later>
     set SPHINXBUILD=<path to sphinx-build.exe>
     set PATH=<path to Git (git.exe)>;%PATH%
 
@@ -61,24 +61,20 @@ the initial download size by separating them into their own MSIs.
 Building the Installer
 ======================
 
-Before building the installer, download extra build dependencies using
-Tools\msi\get_externals.bat. (Note that this is in addition to the
+Before building the installer, download the extra build dependencies
+using Tools\msi\get_externals.bat. (Note that this is in addition to the
 similarly named file in PCbuild.)
 
-One of the dependencies used in builds is WiX, a toolset that lets developers
-create installers for Windows Installer, the Windows installation engine. WiX
-has a dependency on the Microsoft .NET Framework Version 3.5 (which may not be
-configured on recent versions of Windows, such as Windows 10). If you are
-building on a recent Windows version, use the Control Panel (Programs | Programs
-and Features | Turn Windows Features on or off) and ensure that the entry
-".NET Framework 3.5 (includes .NET 2.0 and 3.0)" is enabled.
-
-For Python 3.11.x and above, enable "Microsoft .NET Framework 4.8 Advanced Services"
-instead of "Microsoft .NET Framework Version 3.5" available for Windows 10 and above.
-Also make sure "MSVC v143 - VS 2022 C++ ARM64 build tools" are selected under
-"Desktop Development with C++" in "Visual Studio installer" even if you are not
-building on ARM64 along with other x64 related v143 build tools. This is because for
-3.11.x and above we have upgraded to Wix-3.14.
+One of the dependencies used in the build process is WiX, a toolset that
+allows developers to create installers for Windows Installer, the
+Windows installation engine. If you're not using the copy of WiX
+installed by Tools\msi\get_externals.bat, you'll need to set the
+"WixInstallPath" environment variable before building.
+
+Additionally, ensure that "MSVC v14x - VS 20xx C++ ARM64/ARM64EC build tools"
+is selected under "Desktop Development with C++" in the "Visual Studio Installer",
+even if you're not building on ARM64. This is required because we've upgraded
+to WiX 3.14, which requires these tools for Python 3.10 and later versions.
 
 For testing, the installer should be built with the Tools/msi/build.bat
 script:
@@ -107,7 +103,7 @@ be available alongside. This takes longer, but is easier to share.
 For an official release, the installer should be built with the
 Tools/msi/buildrelease.bat script:
 
-    set PYTHON=<path to Python 2.7 or 3.4>
+    set PYTHON=<path to Python 3.10 or later>
     set SPHINXBUILD=<path to sphinx-build.exe>
     set PATH=<path to Git (git.exe)>;%PATH%
 
diff --git a/Tools/msi/buildrelease.bat b/Tools/msi/buildrelease.bat
index 839f6204d9e0b2..77fb4779208853 100644
--- a/Tools/msi/buildrelease.bat
+++ b/Tools/msi/buildrelease.bat
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ if "%1" EQU "x86" (
     set OUTDIR_PLAT=amd64
     set OBJDIR_PLAT=x64
 ) else if "%1" EQU "ARM64" (
-    set BUILD=%Py_OutDir%amd64\
+    set BUILD=%Py_OutDir%arm64\
     set PGO=%~2
     set BUILD_PLAT=ARM64
     set OUTDIR_PLAT=arm64
diff --git a/Tools/msi/bundle/Default.wxl b/Tools/msi/bundle/Default.wxl
index 0014204e89d1bb..49f681d3e11d2e 100644
--- a/Tools/msi/bundle/Default.wxl
+++ b/Tools/msi/bundle/Default.wxl
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ Feel free to post at &lt;a href="https://discuss.python.org/c/users/7"&gt;discus
   <String Id="FailureRestartText">You must restart your computer to complete the rollback of the software.</String>
   <String Id="FailureRestartButton">&amp;Restart</String>
   <String Id="FailureExistingInstall">Unable to install [WixBundleName] due to an existing install. Use Programs and Features to modify, repair or remove [WixBundleName].</String>
-  <String Id="FailureOldOS">At least Windows 8.1 or Windows Server 2012 are required to install [WixBundleName]
+  <String Id="FailureOldOS">At least Windows 10 or Windows Server 2016 are required to install [WixBundleName]
 
 Visit &lt;a href="https://www.python.org/downloads/"&gt;python.org&lt;/a&gt; to download an earlier version of Python.</String>
   <String Id="SuccessMaxPathButton">Disable path length limit</String>
diff --git a/Tools/msi/bundle/bootstrap/PythonBootstrapperApplication.cpp b/Tools/msi/bundle/bootstrap/PythonBootstrapperApplication.cpp
index 7cddda9b06555d..1e0df5084ff079 100644
--- a/Tools/msi/bundle/bootstrap/PythonBootstrapperApplication.cpp
+++ b/Tools/msi/bundle/bootstrap/PythonBootstrapperApplication.cpp
@@ -213,6 +213,7 @@ static struct { LPCWSTR regName; LPCWSTR variableName; } OPTIONAL_FEATURES[] = {
     { L"Shortcuts", L"Shortcuts" },
     // Include_launcher and AssociateFiles are handled separately and so do
     // not need to be included in this list.
+    { L"freethreaded", L"Include_freethreaded" },
     { nullptr, nullptr }
 };
 
@@ -3085,11 +3086,13 @@ class PythonBootstrapperApplication : public CBalBaseBootstrapperApplication {
         LOC_STRING *pLocString = nullptr;
         
         if (IsWindowsServer()) {
-            if (IsWindowsVersionOrGreater(6, 2, 0)) {
-                BalLog(BOOTSTRAPPER_LOG_LEVEL_STANDARD, "Target OS is Windows Server 2012 or later");
+            if (IsWindowsVersionOrGreater(10, 0, 0)) {
+                BalLog(BOOTSTRAPPER_LOG_LEVEL_STANDARD, "Target OS is Windows Server 2016 or later");
                 return;
+            } else if (IsWindowsVersionOrGreater(6, 2, 0)) {
+                BalLog(BOOTSTRAPPER_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "Detected Windows Server 2012");
             } else if (IsWindowsVersionOrGreater(6, 1, 1)) {
-                BalLog(BOOTSTRAPPER_LOG_LEVEL_STANDARD, "Detected Windows Server 2008 R2");
+                BalLog(BOOTSTRAPPER_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "Detected Windows Server 2008 R2");
             } else if (IsWindowsVersionOrGreater(6, 1, 0)) {
                 BalLog(BOOTSTRAPPER_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "Detected Windows Server 2008 R2");
             } else if (IsWindowsVersionOrGreater(6, 0, 0)) {
@@ -3097,14 +3100,13 @@ class PythonBootstrapperApplication : public CBalBaseBootstrapperApplication {
             } else {
                 BalLog(BOOTSTRAPPER_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "Detected Windows Server 2003 or earlier");
             }
-            BalLog(BOOTSTRAPPER_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "Windows Server 2012 or later is required to continue installation");
+            BalLog(BOOTSTRAPPER_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "Windows Server 2016 or later is required to continue installation");
         } else {
             if (IsWindows10OrGreater()) {
                 BalLog(BOOTSTRAPPER_LOG_LEVEL_STANDARD, "Target OS is Windows 10 or later");
                 return;
             } else if (IsWindows8Point1OrGreater()) {
-                BalLog(BOOTSTRAPPER_LOG_LEVEL_STANDARD, "Target OS is Windows 8.1");
-                return;
+                BalLog(BOOTSTRAPPER_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "Detected Windows 8.1");
             } else if (IsWindows8OrGreater()) {
                 BalLog(BOOTSTRAPPER_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "Detected Windows 8");
             } else if (IsWindows7OrGreater()) {
@@ -3114,7 +3116,7 @@ class PythonBootstrapperApplication : public CBalBaseBootstrapperApplication {
             } else { 
                 BalLog(BOOTSTRAPPER_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "Detected Windows XP or earlier");
             }
-            BalLog(BOOTSTRAPPER_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "Windows 8.1 or later is required to continue installation");
+            BalLog(BOOTSTRAPPER_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "Windows 10 or later is required to continue installation");
         }
 
         LocGetString(_wixLoc, L"#(loc.FailureOldOS)", &pLocString);
diff --git a/Tools/msi/bundle/bootstrap/pythonba.vcxproj b/Tools/msi/bundle/bootstrap/pythonba.vcxproj
index bb383bfcaa240e..3970e857894ba5 100644
--- a/Tools/msi/bundle/bootstrap/pythonba.vcxproj
+++ b/Tools/msi/bundle/bootstrap/pythonba.vcxproj
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@
     <PlatformToolset Condition="'$(PlatformToolset)' == '' and '$(VisualStudioVersion)' == '17.0'">v143</PlatformToolset>
     <PlatformToolset Condition="'$(PlatformToolset)' == '' and '$(VisualStudioVersion)' == '16.0'">v142</PlatformToolset>
     <PlatformToolset Condition="'$(PlatformToolset)' == '' and ('$(MSBuildToolsVersion)' == '15.0' or '$(VisualStudioVersion)' == '15.0')">v141</PlatformToolset>
-    <PlatformToolset Condition="'$(PlatformToolset)' == ''">v140</PlatformToolset>
     <ProjectGuid>{7A09B132-B3EE-499B-A700-A4B2157FEA3D}</ProjectGuid>
     <TargetName>PythonBA</TargetName>
   </PropertyGroup>
@@ -51,8 +50,6 @@
     <Link>
       <AdditionalDependencies>comctl32.lib;gdiplus.lib;msimg32.lib;shlwapi.lib;wininet.lib;dutil.lib;balutil.lib;version.lib;uxtheme.lib;%(AdditionalDependencies)</AdditionalDependencies>
       <AdditionalLibraryDirectories Condition="$(PlatformToolset.StartsWith(`v14`))">$(WixInstallPath)sdk\vs2017\lib\x86</AdditionalLibraryDirectories>
-      <AdditionalLibraryDirectories Condition="'$(PlatformToolset)' == 'v140'">$(WixInstallPath)sdk\vs2015\lib\x86</AdditionalLibraryDirectories>
-      <AdditionalLibraryDirectories Condition="'$(PlatformToolset)' == 'v120'">$(WixInstallPath)sdk\vs2013\lib\x86</AdditionalLibraryDirectories>
       <ModuleDefinitionFile>pythonba.def</ModuleDefinitionFile>
       <GenerateDebugInformation Condition="'$(Configuration)'=='Debug'">true</GenerateDebugInformation>
     </Link>
diff --git a/Tools/msi/purge.py b/Tools/msi/purge.py
index e25219a6caf9d4..4a13d368d7c744 100644
--- a/Tools/msi/purge.py
+++ b/Tools/msi/purge.py
@@ -51,14 +51,6 @@
     "test_pdb.msi",
     "tools.msi",
     "ucrt.msi",
-    "Windows6.0-KB2999226-x64.msu",
-    "Windows6.0-KB2999226-x86.msu",
-    "Windows6.1-KB2999226-x64.msu",
-    "Windows6.1-KB2999226-x86.msu",
-    "Windows8.1-KB2999226-x64.msu",
-    "Windows8.1-KB2999226-x86.msu",
-    "Windows8-RT-KB2999226-x64.msu",
-    "Windows8-RT-KB2999226-x86.msu",
 ]
 PATHS = [
     "python-{}.exe".format(m.group(0)),
diff --git a/Tools/msi/wix.props b/Tools/msi/wix.props
index d8ced317d0ce81..707c8aeacb648d 100644
--- a/Tools/msi/wix.props
+++ b/Tools/msi/wix.props
@@ -5,8 +5,6 @@
   <PropertyGroup>
     <WixInstallPath Condition="'$(WixInstallPath)' == '' and Exists('$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)\Wix')">$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)\Wix\</WixInstallPath>
     <WixInstallPath Condition="'$(WixInstallPath)' == '' and Exists('$(ExternalsDir)\windows-installer\wix-314')">$(ExternalsDir)\windows-installer\wix-314\</WixInstallPath>
-    <WixInstallPath Condition="'$(WixInstallPath)' == ''">$(Registry:HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows Installer XML\3.10@InstallRoot)</WixInstallPath>
-    <WixInstallPath Condition="'$(WixInstallPath)' == ''">$(Registry:HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Wow6432Node\Microsoft\Windows Installer XML\3.10@InstallRoot)</WixInstallPath>
     <WixTargetsPath>$(WixInstallPath)\Wix.targets</WixTargetsPath>
   </PropertyGroup>
 </Project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Tools/patchcheck/patchcheck.py b/Tools/patchcheck/patchcheck.py
index af1f0584bb5403..0dcf6ef844a048 100755
--- a/Tools/patchcheck/patchcheck.py
+++ b/Tools/patchcheck/patchcheck.py
@@ -1,15 +1,10 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 """Check proposed changes for common issues."""
-import re
 import sys
-import shutil
 import os.path
 import subprocess
 import sysconfig
 
-import reindent
-import untabify
-
 
 def get_python_source_dir():
     src_dir = sysconfig.get_config_var('abs_srcdir')
@@ -18,13 +13,6 @@ def get_python_source_dir():
     return os.path.abspath(src_dir)
 
 
-# Excluded directories which are copies of external libraries:
-# don't check their coding style
-EXCLUDE_DIRS = [
-    os.path.join('Modules', '_decimal', 'libmpdec'),
-    os.path.join('Modules', 'expat'),
-    os.path.join('Modules', 'zlib'),
-    ]
 SRCDIR = get_python_source_dir()
 
 
@@ -155,62 +143,7 @@ def changed_files(base_branch=None):
     else:
         sys.exit('need a git checkout to get modified files')
 
-    filenames2 = []
-    for filename in filenames:
-        # Normalize the path to be able to match using .startswith()
-        filename = os.path.normpath(filename)
-        if any(filename.startswith(path) for path in EXCLUDE_DIRS):
-            # Exclude the file
-            continue
-        filenames2.append(filename)
-
-    return filenames2
-
-
-def report_modified_files(file_paths):
-    count = len(file_paths)
-    if count == 0:
-        return n_files_str(count)
-    else:
-        lines = [f"{n_files_str(count)}:"]
-        for path in file_paths:
-            lines.append(f"  {path}")
-        return "\n".join(lines)
-
-
-#: Python files that have tabs by design:
-_PYTHON_FILES_WITH_TABS = frozenset({
-    'Tools/c-analyzer/cpython/_parser.py',
-})
-
-
-@status("Fixing Python file whitespace", info=report_modified_files)
-def normalize_whitespace(file_paths):
-    """Make sure that the whitespace for .py files have been normalized."""
-    reindent.makebackup = False  # No need to create backups.
-    fixed = [
-        path for path in file_paths
-        if (
-            path.endswith('.py')
-            and path not in _PYTHON_FILES_WITH_TABS
-            and reindent.check(os.path.join(SRCDIR, path))
-        )
-    ]
-    return fixed
-
-
-@status("Fixing C file whitespace", info=report_modified_files)
-def normalize_c_whitespace(file_paths):
-    """Report if any C files """
-    fixed = []
-    for path in file_paths:
-        abspath = os.path.join(SRCDIR, path)
-        with open(abspath, 'r') as f:
-            if '\t' not in f.read():
-                continue
-        untabify.process(abspath, 8, verbose=False)
-        fixed.append(path)
-    return fixed
+    return list(map(os.path.normpath, filenames))
 
 
 @status("Docs modified", modal=True)
@@ -250,40 +183,14 @@ def regenerated_pyconfig_h_in(file_paths):
         return "not needed"
 
 
-def ci(pull_request):
-    if pull_request == 'false':
-        print('Not a pull request; skipping')
-        return
-    base_branch = get_base_branch()
-    file_paths = changed_files(base_branch)
-    python_files = [fn for fn in file_paths if fn.endswith('.py')]
-    c_files = [fn for fn in file_paths if fn.endswith(('.c', '.h'))]
-    fixed = []
-    fixed.extend(normalize_whitespace(python_files))
-    fixed.extend(normalize_c_whitespace(c_files))
-    if not fixed:
-        print('No whitespace issues found')
-    else:
-        count = len(fixed)
-        print(f'Please fix the {n_files_str(count)} with whitespace issues')
-        print('(on Unix you can run `make patchcheck` to make the fixes)')
-        sys.exit(1)
-
-
 def main():
     base_branch = get_base_branch()
     file_paths = changed_files(base_branch)
-    python_files = [fn for fn in file_paths if fn.endswith('.py')]
-    c_files = [fn for fn in file_paths if fn.endswith(('.c', '.h'))]
-    doc_files = [fn for fn in file_paths if fn.startswith('Doc') and
-                 fn.endswith(('.rst', '.inc'))]
+    has_doc_files = any(fn for fn in file_paths if fn.startswith('Doc') and
+                        fn.endswith(('.rst', '.inc')))
     misc_files = {p for p in file_paths if p.startswith('Misc')}
-    # PEP 8 whitespace rules enforcement.
-    normalize_whitespace(python_files)
-    # C rules enforcement.
-    normalize_c_whitespace(c_files)
     # Docs updated.
-    docs_modified(doc_files)
+    docs_modified(has_doc_files)
     # Misc/ACKS changed.
     credit_given(misc_files)
     # Misc/NEWS changed.
@@ -294,19 +201,14 @@ def main():
     regenerated_pyconfig_h_in(file_paths)
 
     # Test suite run and passed.
-    if python_files or c_files:
-        end = " and check for refleaks?" if c_files else "?"
-        print()
-        print("Did you run the test suite" + end)
+    has_c_files = any(fn for fn in file_paths if fn.endswith(('.c', '.h')))
+    has_python_files = any(fn for fn in file_paths if fn.endswith('.py'))
+    print()
+    if has_c_files:
+        print("Did you run the test suite and check for refleaks?")
+    elif has_python_files:
+        print("Did you run the test suite?")
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
-    import argparse
-    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=__doc__)
-    parser.add_argument('--ci',
-                        help='Perform pass/fail checks')
-    args = parser.parse_args()
-    if args.ci:
-        ci(args.ci)
-    else:
-        main()
+    main()
diff --git a/Tools/peg_generator/peg_extension/peg_extension.c b/Tools/peg_generator/peg_extension/peg_extension.c
index b081240ffff017..1587d53d59472e 100644
--- a/Tools/peg_generator/peg_extension/peg_extension.c
+++ b/Tools/peg_generator/peg_extension/peg_extension.c
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ parse_string(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
 static PyObject *
 clear_memo_stats(PyObject *Py_UNUSED(self), PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
-#if defined(PY_DEBUG)
+#if defined(Py_DEBUG)
     _PyPegen_clear_memo_statistics();
 #endif
     Py_RETURN_NONE;
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ clear_memo_stats(PyObject *Py_UNUSED(self), PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 static PyObject *
 get_memo_stats(PyObject *Py_UNUSED(self), PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
-#if defined(PY_DEBUG)
+#if defined(Py_DEBUG)
     return _PyPegen_get_memo_statistics();
 #else
     Py_RETURN_NONE;
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ get_memo_stats(PyObject *Py_UNUSED(self), PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 static PyObject *
 dump_memo_stats(PyObject *Py_UNUSED(self), PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
-#if defined(PY_DEBUG)
+#if defined(Py_DEBUG)
     PyObject *list = _PyPegen_get_memo_statistics();
     if (list == NULL) {
         return NULL;
diff --git a/Tools/peg_generator/pegen/c_generator.py b/Tools/peg_generator/pegen/c_generator.py
index 84ed183c762e40..a4951d05e80ebd 100644
--- a/Tools/peg_generator/pegen/c_generator.py
+++ b/Tools/peg_generator/pegen/c_generator.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 import re
 from dataclasses import dataclass, field
 from enum import Enum
-from typing import IO, Any, Dict, List, Optional, Set, Text, Tuple
+from typing import IO, Any, Callable, Dict, List, Optional, Set, Text, Tuple
 
 from pegen import grammar
 from pegen.grammar import (
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ def __init__(
         self.gen = parser_generator
         self.exact_tokens = exact_tokens
         self.non_exact_tokens = non_exact_tokens
-        self.cache: Dict[Any, FunctionCall] = {}
+        self.cache: Dict[str, str] = {}
         self.cleanup_statements: List[str] = []
 
     def keyword_helper(self, keyword: str) -> FunctionCall:
@@ -206,21 +206,6 @@ def visit_StringLeaf(self, node: StringLeaf) -> FunctionCall:
                 comment=f"token='{val}'",
             )
 
-    def visit_Rhs(self, node: Rhs) -> FunctionCall:
-        if node in self.cache:
-            return self.cache[node]
-        if node.can_be_inlined:
-            self.cache[node] = self.generate_call(node.alts[0].items[0])
-        else:
-            name = self.gen.artifical_rule_from_rhs(node)
-            self.cache[node] = FunctionCall(
-                assigned_variable=f"{name}_var",
-                function=f"{name}_rule",
-                arguments=["p"],
-                comment=f"{node}",
-            )
-        return self.cache[node]
-
     def visit_NamedItem(self, node: NamedItem) -> FunctionCall:
         call = self.generate_call(node.item)
         if node.name:
@@ -302,44 +287,62 @@ def visit_Opt(self, node: Opt) -> FunctionCall:
             comment=f"{node}",
         )
 
-    def visit_Repeat0(self, node: Repeat0) -> FunctionCall:
-        if node in self.cache:
-            return self.cache[node]
-        name = self.gen.artificial_rule_from_repeat(node.node, False)
-        self.cache[node] = FunctionCall(
+    def _generate_artificial_rule_call(
+        self,
+        node: Any,
+        prefix: str,
+        rule_generation_func: Callable[[], str],
+        return_type: Optional[str] = None,
+    ) -> FunctionCall:
+        node_str = f"{node}"
+        key = f"{prefix}_{node_str}"
+        if key in self.cache:
+            name = self.cache[key]
+        else:
+            name = rule_generation_func()
+            self.cache[key] = name
+
+        return FunctionCall(
             assigned_variable=f"{name}_var",
             function=f"{name}_rule",
             arguments=["p"],
-            return_type="asdl_seq *",
-            comment=f"{node}",
+            return_type=return_type,
+            comment=node_str,
+        )
+
+    def visit_Rhs(self, node: Rhs) -> FunctionCall:
+        if node.can_be_inlined:
+            return self.generate_call(node.alts[0].items[0])
+
+        return self._generate_artificial_rule_call(
+            node,
+            "rhs",
+            lambda: self.gen.artificial_rule_from_rhs(node),
+        )
+
+    def visit_Repeat0(self, node: Repeat0) -> FunctionCall:
+        return self._generate_artificial_rule_call(
+            node,
+            "repeat0",
+            lambda: self.gen.artificial_rule_from_repeat(node.node, is_repeat1=False),
+            "asdl_seq *",
         )
-        return self.cache[node]
 
     def visit_Repeat1(self, node: Repeat1) -> FunctionCall:
-        if node in self.cache:
-            return self.cache[node]
-        name = self.gen.artificial_rule_from_repeat(node.node, True)
-        self.cache[node] = FunctionCall(
-            assigned_variable=f"{name}_var",
-            function=f"{name}_rule",
-            arguments=["p"],
-            return_type="asdl_seq *",
-            comment=f"{node}",
+        return self._generate_artificial_rule_call(
+            node,
+            "repeat1",
+            lambda: self.gen.artificial_rule_from_repeat(node.node, is_repeat1=True),
+            "asdl_seq *",
         )
-        return self.cache[node]
 
     def visit_Gather(self, node: Gather) -> FunctionCall:
-        if node in self.cache:
-            return self.cache[node]
-        name = self.gen.artifical_rule_from_gather(node)
-        self.cache[node] = FunctionCall(
-            assigned_variable=f"{name}_var",
-            function=f"{name}_rule",
-            arguments=["p"],
-            return_type="asdl_seq *",
-            comment=f"{node}",
+        return self._generate_artificial_rule_call(
+            node,
+            "gather",
+            lambda: self.gen.artificial_rule_from_gather(node),
+            "asdl_seq *",
         )
-        return self.cache[node]
 
     def visit_Group(self, node: Group) -> FunctionCall:
         return self.generate_call(node.rhs)
@@ -645,7 +648,7 @@ def _handle_loop_rule_body(self, node: Rule, rhs: Rhs) -> None:
                 self.print("}")
             self.print("asdl_seq *_seq = (asdl_seq*)_Py_asdl_generic_seq_new(_n, p->arena);")
             self.out_of_memory_return(f"!_seq", cleanup_code="PyMem_Free(_children);")
-            self.print("for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);")
+            self.print("for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < _n; i++) asdl_seq_SET_UNTYPED(_seq, i, _children[i]);")
             self.print("PyMem_Free(_children);")
             if memoize and node.name:
                 self.print(f"_PyPegen_insert_memo(p, _start_mark, {node.name}_type, _seq);")
diff --git a/Tools/peg_generator/pegen/parser_generator.py b/Tools/peg_generator/pegen/parser_generator.py
index 3f386b61be5898..b42b12c8aa0dee 100644
--- a/Tools/peg_generator/pegen/parser_generator.py
+++ b/Tools/peg_generator/pegen/parser_generator.py
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ def keyword_type(self) -> int:
         self.keyword_counter += 1
         return self.keyword_counter
 
-    def artifical_rule_from_rhs(self, rhs: Rhs) -> str:
+    def artificial_rule_from_rhs(self, rhs: Rhs) -> str:
         self.counter += 1
         name = f"_tmp_{self.counter}"  # TODO: Pick a nicer name.
         self.all_rules[name] = Rule(name, None, rhs)
@@ -183,9 +183,7 @@ def artificial_rule_from_repeat(self, node: Plain, is_repeat1: bool) -> str:
         self.all_rules[name] = Rule(name, None, Rhs([Alt([NamedItem(None, node)])]))
         return name
 
-    def artifical_rule_from_gather(self, node: Gather) -> str:
-        self.counter += 1
-        name = f"_gather_{self.counter}"
+    def artificial_rule_from_gather(self, node: Gather) -> str:
         self.counter += 1
         extra_function_name = f"_loop0_{self.counter}"
         extra_function_alt = Alt(
@@ -197,6 +195,8 @@ def artifical_rule_from_gather(self, node: Gather) -> str:
             None,
             Rhs([extra_function_alt]),
         )
+        self.counter += 1
+        name = f"_gather_{self.counter}"
         alt = Alt(
             [NamedItem("elem", node.node), NamedItem("seq", NameLeaf(extra_function_name))],
         )
diff --git a/Tools/peg_generator/pegen/python_generator.py b/Tools/peg_generator/pegen/python_generator.py
index 4a2883eb4ee202..7057135a9061f6 100644
--- a/Tools/peg_generator/pegen/python_generator.py
+++ b/Tools/peg_generator/pegen/python_generator.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import os.path
 import token
-from typing import IO, Any, Dict, Optional, Sequence, Set, Text, Tuple
+from typing import IO, Any, Callable, Dict, Optional, Sequence, Set, Text, Tuple
 
 from pegen import grammar
 from pegen.grammar import (
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ def visit_Forced(self, node: Forced) -> bool:
 class PythonCallMakerVisitor(GrammarVisitor):
     def __init__(self, parser_generator: ParserGenerator):
         self.gen = parser_generator
-        self.cache: Dict[Any, Any] = {}
+        self.cache: Dict[str, Tuple[str, str]] = {}
 
     def visit_NameLeaf(self, node: NameLeaf) -> Tuple[Optional[str], str]:
         name = node.value
@@ -110,16 +110,6 @@ def visit_NameLeaf(self, node: NameLeaf) -> Tuple[Optional[str], str]:
     def visit_StringLeaf(self, node: StringLeaf) -> Tuple[str, str]:
         return "literal", f"self.expect({node.value})"
 
-    def visit_Rhs(self, node: Rhs) -> Tuple[Optional[str], str]:
-        if node in self.cache:
-            return self.cache[node]
-        if len(node.alts) == 1 and len(node.alts[0].items) == 1:
-            self.cache[node] = self.visit(node.alts[0].items[0])
-        else:
-            name = self.gen.artifical_rule_from_rhs(node)
-            self.cache[node] = name, f"self.{name}()"
-        return self.cache[node]
-
     def visit_NamedItem(self, node: NamedItem) -> Tuple[Optional[str], str]:
         name, call = self.visit(node.item)
         if node.name:
@@ -151,26 +141,57 @@ def visit_Opt(self, node: Opt) -> Tuple[str, str]:
         else:
             return "opt", f"{call},"
 
+    def _generate_artificial_rule_call(
+        self,
+        node: Any,
+        prefix: str,
+        call_by_name_func: Callable[[str], str],
+        rule_generation_func: Callable[[], str],
+    ) -> Tuple[str, str]:
+        node_str = f"{node}"
+        key = f"{prefix}_{node_str}"
+        if key in self.cache:
+            return self.cache[key]
+
+        name = rule_generation_func()
+        call = call_by_name_func(name)
+        self.cache[key] = name, call
+        return self.cache[key]
+
+    def visit_Rhs(self, node: Rhs) -> Tuple[str, str]:
+        if len(node.alts) == 1 and len(node.alts[0].items) == 1:
+            return self.visit(node.alts[0].items[0])
+
+        return self._generate_artificial_rule_call(
+            node,
+            "rhs",
+            lambda name: f"self.{name}()",
+            lambda: self.gen.artificial_rule_from_rhs(node),
+        )
+
     def visit_Repeat0(self, node: Repeat0) -> Tuple[str, str]:
-        if node in self.cache:
-            return self.cache[node]
-        name = self.gen.artificial_rule_from_repeat(node.node, False)
-        self.cache[node] = name, f"self.{name}(),"  # Also a trailing comma!
-        return self.cache[node]
+        return self._generate_artificial_rule_call(
+            node,
+            "repeat0",
+            lambda name: f"self.{name}(),",  # Also a trailing comma!
+            lambda: self.gen.artificial_rule_from_repeat(node.node, is_repeat1=False),
+        )
 
     def visit_Repeat1(self, node: Repeat1) -> Tuple[str, str]:
-        if node in self.cache:
-            return self.cache[node]
-        name = self.gen.artificial_rule_from_repeat(node.node, True)
-        self.cache[node] = name, f"self.{name}()"  # But no trailing comma here!
-        return self.cache[node]
+        return self._generate_artificial_rule_call(
+            node,
+            "repeat1",
+            lambda name: f"self.{name}()",  # But no trailing comma here!
+            lambda: self.gen.artificial_rule_from_repeat(node.node, is_repeat1=True),
+        )
 
     def visit_Gather(self, node: Gather) -> Tuple[str, str]:
-        if node in self.cache:
-            return self.cache[node]
-        name = self.gen.artifical_rule_from_gather(node)
-        self.cache[node] = name, f"self.{name}()"  # No trailing comma here either!
-        return self.cache[node]
+        return self._generate_artificial_rule_call(
+            node,
+            "gather",
+            lambda name: f"self.{name}()",  # No trailing comma here either!
+            lambda: self.gen.artificial_rule_from_gather(node),
+        )
 
     def visit_Group(self, node: Group) -> Tuple[Optional[str], str]:
         return self.visit(node.rhs)
diff --git a/Tools/requirements-dev.txt b/Tools/requirements-dev.txt
index 44316e3d7d8ac5..57f0b982b00f5d 100644
--- a/Tools/requirements-dev.txt
+++ b/Tools/requirements-dev.txt
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # Requirements file for external linters and checks we run on
 # Tools/clinic, Tools/cases_generator/, and Tools/peg_generator/ in CI
-mypy==1.10.0
+mypy==1.12
 
 # needed for peg_generator:
-types-psutil==5.9.5.20240516
-types-setuptools==70.0.0.20240524
+types-psutil==6.0.0.20240901
+types-setuptools==74.0.0.20240831
diff --git a/Tools/requirements-hypothesis.txt b/Tools/requirements-hypothesis.txt
index 9d5a18c881bf36..66898885c0a412 100644
--- a/Tools/requirements-hypothesis.txt
+++ b/Tools/requirements-hypothesis.txt
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 # Requirements file for hypothesis that
 # we use to run our property-based tests in CI.
 
-hypothesis==6.100.2
+hypothesis==6.111.2
diff --git a/Tools/scripts/summarize_stats.py b/Tools/scripts/summarize_stats.py
index ffbc40e6a37f3d..5793e5c649d6b3 100644
--- a/Tools/scripts/summarize_stats.py
+++ b/Tools/scripts/summarize_stats.py
@@ -398,12 +398,18 @@ def get_object_stats(self) -> dict[str, tuple[int, int]]:
         total_allocations = self._data.get("Object allocations", 0) + self._data.get(
             "Object allocations from freelist", 0
         )
-        total_increfs = self._data.get(
-            "Object interpreter increfs", 0
-        ) + self._data.get("Object increfs", 0)
-        total_decrefs = self._data.get(
-            "Object interpreter decrefs", 0
-        ) + self._data.get("Object decrefs", 0)
+        total_increfs = (
+            self._data.get("Object interpreter mortal increfs", 0) +
+            self._data.get("Object mortal increfs", 0) +
+            self._data.get("Object interpreter immortal increfs", 0) +
+            self._data.get("Object immortal increfs", 0)
+        )
+        total_decrefs = (
+            self._data.get("Object interpreter mortal decrefs", 0) +
+            self._data.get("Object mortal decrefs", 0) +
+            self._data.get("Object interpreter immortal decrefs", 0) +
+            self._data.get("Object immortal decrefs", 0)
+        )
 
         result = {}
         for key, value in self._data.items():
diff --git a/Tools/ssl/make_ssl_data.py b/Tools/ssl/make_ssl_data.py
index 98608716576792..d24e02210d489c 100755
--- a/Tools/ssl/make_ssl_data.py
+++ b/Tools/ssl/make_ssl_data.py
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
 import operator
 import os
 import re
-import sys
 
 
 parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
diff --git a/Tools/ssl/multissltests.py b/Tools/ssl/multissltests.py
index baa16102068aa0..eae0e0c5e8761f 100755
--- a/Tools/ssl/multissltests.py
+++ b/Tools/ssl/multissltests.py
@@ -43,13 +43,14 @@
 log = logging.getLogger("multissl")
 
 OPENSSL_OLD_VERSIONS = [
+    "1.1.1w",
 ]
 
 OPENSSL_RECENT_VERSIONS = [
-    "1.1.1w",
-    "3.0.13",
-    "3.1.5",
-    "3.2.1",
+    "3.0.15",
+    "3.1.7",
+    "3.2.3",
+    "3.3.2",
 ]
 
 LIBRESSL_OLD_VERSIONS = [
@@ -397,6 +398,7 @@ def run_python_tests(self, tests, network=True):
 class BuildOpenSSL(AbstractBuilder):
     library = "OpenSSL"
     url_templates = (
+        "https://github.com/openssl/openssl/releases/download/openssl-{v}/openssl-{v}.tar.gz",
         "https://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-{v}.tar.gz",
         "https://www.openssl.org/source/old/{s}/openssl-{v}.tar.gz"
     )
@@ -439,6 +441,7 @@ def short_version(self):
             parsed = parsed[:2]
         return ".".join(str(i) for i in parsed)
 
+
 class BuildLibreSSL(AbstractBuilder):
     library = "LibreSSL"
     url_templates = (
diff --git a/Tools/tsan/suppressions_free_threading.txt b/Tools/tsan/suppressions_free_threading.txt
index cb48a30751ac7b..e5eb665ae212de 100644
--- a/Tools/tsan/suppressions_free_threading.txt
+++ b/Tools/tsan/suppressions_free_threading.txt
@@ -15,39 +15,16 @@ race:set_allocator_unlocked
 # These entries are for warnings that trigger in a library function, as called
 # by a CPython function.
 
-# https://gist.github.com/swtaarrs/8e0e365e1d9cecece3269a2fb2f2b8b8
-race:sock_recv_impl
 # https://gist.github.com/swtaarrs/08dfe7883b4c975c31ecb39388987a67
 race:free_threadstate
 
 
 # These warnings trigger directly in a CPython function.
 
-race_top:_add_to_weak_set
-race_top:_in_weak_set
-race_top:_PyEval_EvalFrameDefault
-race_top:_PyType_HasFeature
 race_top:assign_version_tag
-race_top:insertdict
-race_top:lookup_tp_dict
-race_top:PyMember_GetOne
-race_top:PyMember_SetOne
 race_top:new_reference
-race_top:set_contains_key
-# https://gist.github.com/colesbury/d13d033f413b4ad07929d044bed86c35
-race_top:set_discard_entry
-race_top:set_inheritable
-race_top:Py_SET_TYPE
-race_top:_PyDict_CheckConsistency
-race_top:_Py_dict_lookup_threadsafe
 race_top:_multiprocessing_SemLock_acquire_impl
-race_top:dictiter_new
-race_top:dictresize
-race_top:insert_to_emptydict
-race_top:insertdict
 race_top:list_get_item_ref
-race_top:make_pending_calls
-race_top:set_add_entry
 race_top:_Py_slot_tp_getattr_hook
 race_top:add_threadstate
 race_top:dump_traceback
@@ -58,14 +35,14 @@ race_top:_PyFrame_Initialize
 race_top:PyInterpreterState_ThreadHead
 race_top:_PyObject_TryGetInstanceAttribute
 race_top:PyThreadState_Next
-race_top:Py_TYPE
 race_top:PyUnstable_InterpreterFrame_GetLine
-race_top:sock_close
 race_top:tstate_delete_common
 race_top:tstate_is_freed
 race_top:type_modified_unlocked
 race_top:write_thread_id
 race_top:PyThreadState_Clear
+# Only seen on macOS, sample: https://gist.github.com/aisk/dda53f5d494a4556c35dde1fce03259c
+race_top:set_default_allocator_unlocked
 
 # https://gist.github.com/mpage/6962e8870606cfc960e159b407a0cb40
 thread:pthread_create
diff --git a/Tools/unicode/makeunicodedata.py b/Tools/unicode/makeunicodedata.py
index a5ac09eb96f19a..c94de7f9377b74 100644
--- a/Tools/unicode/makeunicodedata.py
+++ b/Tools/unicode/makeunicodedata.py
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@
 #   * Doc/library/stdtypes.rst, and
 #   * Doc/library/unicodedata.rst
 #   * Doc/reference/lexical_analysis.rst (two occurrences)
-UNIDATA_VERSION = "15.1.0"
+UNIDATA_VERSION = "16.0.0"
 UNICODE_DATA = "UnicodeData%s.txt"
 COMPOSITION_EXCLUSIONS = "CompositionExclusions%s.txt"
 EASTASIAN_WIDTH = "EastAsianWidth%s.txt"
diff --git a/Tools/wasm/Setup.local.example b/Tools/wasm/Setup.local.example
deleted file mode 100644
index 7b2fb13f6ceef2..00000000000000
--- a/Tools/wasm/Setup.local.example
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-# Module/Setup.local with reduced stdlib
-*disabled*
-_asyncio
-_bz2
-_decimal
-_pickle
-pyexpat _elementtree
-_sha3 _blake2
-_zoneinfo
-xxsubtype
-
-# cjk codecs
-#_multibytecodec _codecs_cn _codecs_hk _codecs_iso2022 _codecs_jp _codecs_kr _codecs_tw
diff --git a/Tools/wasm/build_wasi.sh b/Tools/wasm/build_wasi.sh
deleted file mode 100755
index 436306222ce1d0..00000000000000
--- a/Tools/wasm/build_wasi.sh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,44 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/bash
-
-set -e -x
-
-# Quick check to avoid running configure just to fail in the end.
-if [ -f Programs/python.o ]; then
-    echo "Can't do an out-of-tree build w/ an in-place build pre-existing (i.e., found Programs/python.o)" >&2
-    exit 1
-fi
-
-if [ ! -f Modules/Setup.local ]; then
-    touch Modules/Setup.local
-fi
-
-# TODO: check if `make` and `pkgconfig` are installed
-# TODO: detect if wasmtime is installed
-
-# Create the "build" Python.
-mkdir -p builddir/build
-pushd builddir/build
-../../configure -C
-make -s -j 4 all
-export PYTHON_VERSION=`./python -c 'import sys; print(f"{sys.version_info.major}.{sys.version_info.minor}")'`
-popd
-
-# Create the "host"/WASI Python.
-export CONFIG_SITE="$(pwd)/Tools/wasm/config.site-wasm32-wasi"
-export HOSTRUNNER="wasmtime run --mapdir /::$(pwd) --env PYTHONPATH=/builddir/wasi/build/lib.wasi-wasm32-$PYTHON_VERSION $(pwd)/builddir/wasi/python.wasm --"
-
-mkdir -p builddir/wasi
-pushd builddir/wasi
-../../Tools/wasm/wasi-env \
-    ../../configure \
-        -C \
-        --host=wasm32-unknown-wasi \
-        --build=$(../../config.guess) \
-        --with-build-python=../build/python
-make -s -j 4 all
-# Create a helper script for executing the host/WASI Python.
-printf "#!/bin/sh\nexec $HOSTRUNNER \"\$@\"\n" > run_wasi.sh
-chmod 755 run_wasi.sh
-./run_wasi.sh --version
-popd
-
diff --git a/Tools/wasm/config.site-wasm32-wasi b/Tools/wasm/config.site-wasm32-wasi
index 4a1a466a4ab3f1..c5d8b3e205db26 100644
--- a/Tools/wasm/config.site-wasm32-wasi
+++ b/Tools/wasm/config.site-wasm32-wasi
@@ -49,3 +49,11 @@ ac_cv_func_preadv=no
 ac_cv_func_readv=no
 ac_cv_func_pwritev=no
 ac_cv_func_writev=no
+
+# WASI SDK 22 added multiple stubs which we don't implement.
+# https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/120371
+ac_cv_func_chmod=no
+ac_cv_func_fchmod=no
+ac_cv_func_fchmodat=no
+ac_cv_func_statvfs=no
+ac_cv_func_fstatvfs=no
diff --git a/Tools/wasm/wasi-env b/Tools/wasm/wasi-env
index 95eda863cb62c6..4c5078a1f675e2 100755
--- a/Tools/wasm/wasi-env
+++ b/Tools/wasm/wasi-env
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 set -e
 
+# NOTE: to be removed once no longer used in https://github.com/python/buildmaster-config/blob/main/master/custom/factories.py .
+
 # function
 usage() {
     echo "wasi-env - Run command with WASI-SDK"
diff --git a/Tools/wasm/wasi.py b/Tools/wasm/wasi.py
index efb005e53ab989..050e3723feb247 100644
--- a/Tools/wasm/wasi.py
+++ b/Tools/wasm/wasi.py
@@ -20,12 +20,13 @@
 
 CROSS_BUILD_DIR = CHECKOUT / "cross-build"
 BUILD_DIR = CROSS_BUILD_DIR / "build"
-HOST_TRIPLE = "wasm32-wasi"
-HOST_DIR = CROSS_BUILD_DIR / HOST_TRIPLE
 
 LOCAL_SETUP = CHECKOUT / "Modules" / "Setup.local"
 LOCAL_SETUP_MARKER = "# Generated by Tools/wasm/wasi.py\n".encode("utf-8")
 
+WASMTIME_VAR_NAME = "WASMTIME"
+WASMTIME_HOST_RUNNER_VAR = f"{{{WASMTIME_VAR_NAME}}}"
+
 
 def updated_env(updates={}):
     """Create a new dict representing the environment to use.
@@ -60,12 +61,17 @@ def subdir(working_dir, *, clean_ok=False):
     def decorator(func):
         @functools.wraps(func)
         def wrapper(context):
+            nonlocal working_dir
+
+            if callable(working_dir):
+                working_dir = working_dir(context)
             try:
                 tput_output = subprocess.check_output(["tput", "cols"],
                                                       encoding="utf-8")
-                terminal_width = int(tput_output.strip())
             except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
                 terminal_width = 80
+            else:
+                terminal_width = int(tput_output.strip())
             print("⎯" * terminal_width)
             print("📁", working_dir)
             if (clean_ok and getattr(context, "clean", False) and
@@ -190,7 +196,7 @@ def wasi_sdk_env(context):
     return env
 
 
-@subdir(HOST_DIR, clean_ok=True)
+@subdir(lambda context: CROSS_BUILD_DIR / context.host_triple, clean_ok=True)
 def configure_wasi_python(context, working_dir):
     """Configure the WASI/host build."""
     if not context.wasi_sdk_path or not context.wasi_sdk_path.exists():
@@ -215,18 +221,27 @@ def configure_wasi_python(context, working_dir):
 
     # Use PYTHONPATH to include sysconfig data which must be anchored to the
     # WASI guest's `/` directory.
-    host_runner = context.host_runner.format(GUEST_DIR="/",
-                                             HOST_DIR=CHECKOUT,
-                                             ENV_VAR_NAME="PYTHONPATH",
-                                             ENV_VAR_VALUE=f"/{sysconfig_data}",
-                                             PYTHON_WASM=working_dir / "python.wasm")
+    args = {"GUEST_DIR": "/",
+            "HOST_DIR": CHECKOUT,
+            "ENV_VAR_NAME": "PYTHONPATH",
+            "ENV_VAR_VALUE": f"/{sysconfig_data}",
+            "PYTHON_WASM": working_dir / "python.wasm"}
+    # Check dynamically for wasmtime in case it was specified manually via
+    # `--host-runner`.
+    if WASMTIME_HOST_RUNNER_VAR in context.host_runner:
+        if wasmtime := shutil.which("wasmtime"):
+            args[WASMTIME_VAR_NAME] = wasmtime
+        else:
+            raise FileNotFoundError("wasmtime not found; download from "
+                                    "https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime")
+    host_runner = context.host_runner.format_map(args)
     env_additions = {"CONFIG_SITE": config_site, "HOSTRUNNER": host_runner}
     build_python = os.fsdecode(build_python_path())
     # The path to `configure` MUST be relative, else `python.wasm` is unable
     # to find the stdlib due to Python not recognizing that it's being
     # executed from within a checkout.
     configure = [os.path.relpath(CHECKOUT / 'configure', working_dir),
-                    f"--host={HOST_TRIPLE}",
+                    f"--host={context.host_triple}",
                     f"--build={build_platform()}",
                     f"--with-build-python={build_python}"]
     if pydebug:
@@ -246,7 +261,7 @@ def configure_wasi_python(context, working_dir):
     sys.stdout.flush()
 
 
-@subdir(HOST_DIR)
+@subdir(lambda context: CROSS_BUILD_DIR / context.host_triple)
 def make_wasi_python(context, working_dir):
     """Run `make` for the WASI/host build."""
     call(["make", "--jobs", str(cpu_count()), "all"],
@@ -277,12 +292,11 @@ def clean_contents(context):
 
 
 def main():
-    default_host_runner = (f"{shutil.which('wasmtime')} run "
+    default_host_runner = (f"{WASMTIME_HOST_RUNNER_VAR} run "
                         # Make sure the stack size will work for a pydebug
                         # build.
-                        # The 8388608 value comes from `ulimit -s` under Linux
-                        # which equates to 8291 KiB.
-                        "--wasm max-wasm-stack=8388608 "
+                        # Use 16 MiB stack.
+                        "--wasm max-wasm-stack=16777216 "
                         # Use WASI 0.2 primitives.
                         "--wasi preview2 "
                         # Enable thread support; causes use of preview1.
@@ -331,6 +345,9 @@ def main():
                         help="Command template for running the WASI host "
                              "(default designed for wasmtime 14 or newer: "
                                 f"`{default_host_runner}`)")
+    for subcommand in build, configure_host, make_host:
+        subcommand.add_argument("--host-triple", action="store", default="wasm32-wasi",
+                        help="The target triple for the WASI host build")
 
     context = parser.parse_args()
 
diff --git a/Tools/wasm/wasm_build.py b/Tools/wasm/wasm_build.py
index 47a0abb8b5feef..bcb80212362b71 100755
--- a/Tools/wasm/wasm_build.py
+++ b/Tools/wasm/wasm_build.py
@@ -329,7 +329,7 @@ def _check_wasi() -> None:
         # workaround for https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/95952
         "HOSTRUNNER": (
             "wasmtime run "
-            "--wasm max-wasm-stack=8388608 "
+            "--wasm max-wasm-stack=16777216 "
             "--wasi preview2 "
             "--dir {srcdir}::/ "
             "--env PYTHONPATH=/{relbuilddir}/build/lib.wasi-wasm32-{version}:/Lib"
diff --git a/aclocal.m4 b/aclocal.m4
index 832aec19f48f17..b082a5b1bc5e07 100644
--- a/aclocal.m4
+++ b/aclocal.m4
@@ -41,32 +41,81 @@ m4_ifndef([AC_CONFIG_MACRO_DIRS], [m4_defun([_AM_CONFIG_MACRO_DIRS], [])m4_defun
 #   If neither value is found, the user is instructed to specify the
 #   ordering.
 #
+#   Early versions of this macro (i.e., before serial 12) would not work
+#   when interprocedural optimization (via link-time optimization) was
+#   enabled. This would happen when, say, the GCC/clang "-flto" flag, or the
+#   ICC "-ipo" flag was used, for example. The problem was that under
+#   these conditions, the compiler did not allocate for and write the special
+#   float value in the data segment of the object file, since doing so might
+#   not prove optimal once more context was available. Thus, the special value
+#   (in platform-dependent binary form) could not be found in the object file,
+#   and the macro would fail.
+#
+#   The solution to the above problem was to:
+#
+#     1) Compile and link a whole test program rather than just compile an
+#        object file. This ensures that we reach the point where even an
+#        interprocedural optimizing compiler writes values to the data segment.
+#
+#     2) Add code that requires the compiler to write the special value to
+#        the data segment, as opposed to "optimizing away" the variable's
+#        allocation. This could be done via compiler keywords or options, but
+#        it's tricky to make this work for all versions of all compilers with
+#        all optimization settings. The chosen solution was to make the exit
+#        code of the test program depend on the storing of the special value
+#        in memory (in the data segment). Because the exit code can be
+#        verified, any compiler that aspires to be correct will produce a
+#        program binary that contains the value, which the macro can then find.
+#
+#   How does the exit code depend on the special value residing in memory?
+#   Memory, unlike variables and registers, can be addressed indirectly at run
+#   time. The exit code of this test program is a result of indirectly reading
+#   and writing to the memory region where the special value is supposed to
+#   reside. The actual memory addresses used and the values to be written are
+#   derived from the the program input ("argv") and are therefore not known at
+#   compile or link time. The compiler has no choice but to defer the
+#   computation to run time, and to prepare by allocating and populating the
+#   data segment with the special value. For further details, refer to the
+#   source code of the test program.
+#
+#   Note that the test program is never meant to be run. It only exists to host
+#   a double float value in a given platform's binary format. Thus, error
+#   handling is not included.
+#
 # LICENSE
 #
-#   Copyright (c) 2008 Daniel Amelang <dan@amelang.net>
+#   Copyright (c) 2008, 2023 Daniel Amelang <dan@amelang.net>
 #
 #   Copying and distribution of this file, with or without modification, are
 #   permitted in any medium without royalty provided the copyright notice
 #   and this notice are preserved. This file is offered as-is, without any
 #   warranty.
 
-#serial 11
+#serial 12
 
 AC_DEFUN([AX_C_FLOAT_WORDS_BIGENDIAN],
   [AC_CACHE_CHECK(whether float word ordering is bigendian,
                   ax_cv_c_float_words_bigendian, [
 
 ax_cv_c_float_words_bigendian=unknown
-AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_SOURCE([[
+AC_LINK_IFELSE([AC_LANG_SOURCE([[
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+static double m[] = {9.090423496703681e+223, 0.0};
 
-double d = 90904234967036810337470478905505011476211692735615632014797120844053488865816695273723469097858056257517020191247487429516932130503560650002327564517570778480236724525140520121371739201496540132640109977779420565776568942592.0;
+int main (int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+    m[atoi (argv[1])] += atof (argv[2]);
+    return m[atoi (argv[3])] > 0.0;
+}
 
 ]])], [
 
-if grep noonsees conftest.$ac_objext >/dev/null ; then
+if grep noonsees conftest$EXEEXT >/dev/null ; then
   ax_cv_c_float_words_bigendian=yes
 fi
-if grep seesnoon conftest.$ac_objext >/dev/null ; then
+if grep seesnoon conftest$EXEEXT >/dev/null ; then
   if test "$ax_cv_c_float_words_bigendian" = unknown; then
     ax_cv_c_float_words_bigendian=no
   else
diff --git a/configure b/configure
index 8e605d31bb5eca..97113f1fd967fe 100755
--- a/configure
+++ b/configure
@@ -713,6 +713,11 @@ MODULE__CURSES_FALSE
 MODULE__CURSES_TRUE
 MODULE__CTYPES_FALSE
 MODULE__CTYPES_TRUE
+LIBHACL_SIMD256_OBJS
+LIBHACL_SIMD256_FLAGS
+LIBHACL_SIMD128_OBJS
+LIBHACL_SIMD128_FLAGS
+LIBHACL_CFLAGS
 MODULE__BLAKE2_FALSE
 MODULE__BLAKE2_TRUE
 MODULE__SHA3_FALSE
@@ -795,8 +800,6 @@ MODULE__POSIXSUBPROCESS_FALSE
 MODULE__POSIXSUBPROCESS_TRUE
 MODULE__PICKLE_FALSE
 MODULE__PICKLE_TRUE
-MODULE__OPCODE_FALSE
-MODULE__OPCODE_TRUE
 MODULE__LSPROF_FALSE
 MODULE__LSPROF_TRUE
 MODULE__JSON_FALSE
@@ -819,8 +822,6 @@ MODULE__IO_FALSE
 MODULE__IO_TRUE
 MODULE_BUILDTYPE
 TEST_MODULES
-LIBB2_LIBS
-LIBB2_CFLAGS
 OPENSSL_LDFLAGS
 OPENSSL_LIBS
 OPENSSL_INCLUDES
@@ -840,7 +841,7 @@ LIBPL
 PY_ENABLE_SHARED
 PLATLIBDIR
 BINLIBDEST
-MODULE_LDFLAGS
+LIBPYTHON
 MODULE_DEPS_SHARED
 EXT_SUFFIX
 ALT_SOABI
@@ -930,6 +931,7 @@ DEF_MAKE_RULE
 DEF_MAKE_ALL_RULE
 JIT_STENCILS_H
 REGEN_JIT_COMMAND
+ABI_THREAD
 ABIFLAGS
 LN
 MKDIR_P
@@ -981,6 +983,7 @@ IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET
 EXPORT_MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET
 CONFIGURE_MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET
 _PYTHON_HOST_PLATFORM
+APP_STORE_COMPLIANCE_PATCH
 INSTALLTARGETS
 FRAMEWORKINSTALLAPPSPREFIX
 FRAMEWORKUNIXTOOLSPREFIX
@@ -1076,6 +1079,7 @@ enable_universalsdk
 with_universal_archs
 with_framework_name
 enable_framework
+with_app_store_compliance
 with_emscripten_target
 enable_wasm_dynamic_linking
 enable_wasm_pthreads
@@ -1093,6 +1097,8 @@ enable_optimizations
 with_lto
 enable_bolt
 with_strict_overflow
+enable_safety
+enable_slower_safety
 with_dsymutil
 with_address_sanitizer
 with_memory_sanitizer
@@ -1110,7 +1116,6 @@ enable_ipv6
 with_doc_strings
 with_mimalloc
 with_pymalloc
-with_freelists
 with_c_locale_coercion
 with_valgrind
 with_dtrace
@@ -1172,9 +1177,7 @@ LIBEDIT_LIBS
 CURSES_CFLAGS
 CURSES_LIBS
 PANEL_CFLAGS
-PANEL_LIBS
-LIBB2_CFLAGS
-LIBB2_LIBS'
+PANEL_LIBS'
 
 
 # Initialize some variables set by options.
@@ -1825,6 +1828,10 @@ Optional Features:
                           (default is no)
   --enable-bolt           enable usage of the llvm-bolt post-link optimizer
                           (default is no)
+  --enable-safety         enable usage of the security compiler options with
+                          no performance overhead
+  --enable-slower-safety  enable usage of the security compiler options with
+                          performance overhead
   --enable-loadable-sqlite-extensions
                           support loadable extensions in the sqlite3 module,
                           see Doc/library/sqlite3.rst (default is no)
@@ -1855,6 +1862,10 @@ Optional Packages:
                           specify the name for the python framework on macOS
                           only valid when --enable-framework is set. see
                           Mac/README.rst (default is 'Python')
+  --with-app-store-compliance=[PATCH-FILE]
+                          Enable any patches required for compiliance with app
+                          stores. Optional PATCH-FILE specifies the custom
+                          patch to apply.
   --with-emscripten-target=[browser|node]
                           Emscripten platform
   --with-suffix=SUFFIX    set executable suffix to SUFFIX (default is empty,
@@ -1906,7 +1917,6 @@ Optional Packages:
   --with-mimalloc         build with mimalloc memory allocator (default is yes
                           if C11 stdatomic.h is available.)
   --with-pymalloc         enable specialized mallocs (default is yes)
-  --with-freelists        enable object freelists (default is yes)
   --with-c-locale-coercion
                           enable C locale coercion to a UTF-8 based locale
                           (default is yes)
@@ -2011,9 +2021,6 @@ Some influential environment variables:
   PANEL_CFLAGS
               C compiler flags for PANEL, overriding pkg-config
   PANEL_LIBS  linker flags for PANEL, overriding pkg-config
-  LIBB2_CFLAGS
-              C compiler flags for LIBB2, overriding pkg-config
-  LIBB2_LIBS  linker flags for LIBB2, overriding pkg-config
 
 Use these variables to override the choices made by `configure' or to help
 it to find libraries and programs with nonstandard names/locations.
@@ -3701,7 +3708,7 @@ fi
     fi
         ac_cv_prog_PYTHON_FOR_REGEN=$with_build_python
     PYTHON_FOR_FREEZE="$with_build_python"
-    PYTHON_FOR_BUILD='_PYTHON_PROJECT_BASE=$(abs_builddir) _PYTHON_HOST_PLATFORM=$(_PYTHON_HOST_PLATFORM) PYTHONPATH=$(shell test -f pybuilddir.txt && echo $(abs_builddir)/`cat pybuilddir.txt`:)$(srcdir)/Lib _PYTHON_SYSCONFIGDATA_NAME=_sysconfigdata_$(ABIFLAGS)_$(MACHDEP)_$(MULTIARCH) '$with_build_python
+    PYTHON_FOR_BUILD='_PYTHON_PROJECT_BASE=$(abs_builddir) _PYTHON_HOST_PLATFORM=$(_PYTHON_HOST_PLATFORM) PYTHONPATH=$(srcdir)/Lib _PYTHON_SYSCONFIGDATA_NAME=_sysconfigdata_$(ABIFLAGS)_$(MACHDEP)_$(MULTIARCH) _PYTHON_SYSCONFIGDATA_PATH=$(shell test -f pybuilddir.txt && echo $(abs_builddir)/`cat pybuilddir.txt`) '$with_build_python
     { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $with_build_python" >&5
 printf "%s\n" "$with_build_python" >&6; }
 
@@ -4101,7 +4108,7 @@ printf "%s\n" "\"$MACHDEP\"" >&6; }
 # On cross-compile builds, configure will look for a host-specific compiler by
 # prepending the user-provided host triple to the required binary name.
 #
-# On iOS, this results in binaries like "arm64-apple-ios12.0-simulator-gcc",
+# On iOS, this results in binaries like "arm64-apple-ios13.0-simulator-gcc",
 # which isn't a binary that exists, and isn't very convenient, as it contains the
 # iOS version. As the default cross-compiler name won't exist, configure falls
 # back to gcc, which *definitely* won't work. We're providing wrapper scripts for
@@ -4137,9 +4144,9 @@ if test -z "$CPP"; then
 fi
 if test -z "$CXX"; then
 	case "$host" in
-		aarch64-apple-ios*-simulator) CXX=arm64-apple-ios-simulator-clang ;;
-		aarch64-apple-ios*)           CXX=arm64-apple-ios-clang ;;
-		x86_64-apple-ios*-simulator)  CXX=x86_64-apple-ios-simulator-clang ;;
+		aarch64-apple-ios*-simulator) CXX=arm64-apple-ios-simulator-clang++ ;;
+		aarch64-apple-ios*)           CXX=arm64-apple-ios-clang++ ;;
+		x86_64-apple-ios*-simulator)  CXX=x86_64-apple-ios-simulator-clang++ ;;
 		*)
 	esac
 fi
@@ -4430,6 +4437,53 @@ fi
 printf "%s\n" "#define _PYTHONFRAMEWORK \"${PYTHONFRAMEWORK}\"" >>confdefs.h
 
 
+{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for --with-app-store-compliance" >&5
+printf %s "checking for --with-app-store-compliance... " >&6; }
+
+# Check whether --with-app_store_compliance was given.
+if test ${with_app_store_compliance+y}
+then :
+  withval=$with_app_store_compliance;
+    case "$withval" in
+    yes)
+      case $ac_sys_system in
+        Darwin|iOS)
+          # iOS is able to share the macOS patch
+          APP_STORE_COMPLIANCE_PATCH="Mac/Resources/app-store-compliance.patch"
+          ;;
+        *) as_fn_error $? "no default app store compliance patch available for $ac_sys_system" "$LINENO" 5 ;;
+      esac
+      { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: applying default app store compliance patch" >&5
+printf "%s\n" "applying default app store compliance patch" >&6; }
+      ;;
+    *)
+      APP_STORE_COMPLIANCE_PATCH="${withval}"
+      { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: applying custom app store compliance patch" >&5
+printf "%s\n" "applying custom app store compliance patch" >&6; }
+      ;;
+    esac
+
+else $as_nop
+
+    case $ac_sys_system in
+      iOS)
+        # Always apply the compliance patch on iOS; we can use the macOS patch
+        APP_STORE_COMPLIANCE_PATCH="Mac/Resources/app-store-compliance.patch"
+        { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: applying default app store compliance patch" >&5
+printf "%s\n" "applying default app store compliance patch" >&6; }
+        ;;
+      *)
+        # No default app compliance patching on any other platform
+        APP_STORE_COMPLIANCE_PATCH=
+        { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: not patching for app store compliance" >&5
+printf "%s\n" "not patching for app store compliance" >&6; }
+        ;;
+    esac
+
+fi
+
+
+
 
 if test "$cross_compiling" = yes; then
 	case "$host" in
@@ -4451,8 +4505,12 @@ if test "$cross_compiling" = yes; then
 		_host_device=${_host_device:=os}
 
 		# IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET is the minimum supported iOS version
-		IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=${_host_os:3}
-		IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=${IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET:=12.0}
+		{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking iOS deployment target" >&5
+printf %s "checking iOS deployment target... " >&6; }
+		IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=$(echo ${_host_os} | cut -c4-)
+		IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=${IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET:=13.0}
+		{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET" >&5
+printf "%s\n" "$IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET" >&6; }
 
 		case "$host_cpu" in
 			aarch64)
@@ -7265,6 +7323,9 @@ fi
 { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $EXEEXT" >&5
 printf "%s\n" "$EXEEXT" >&6; }
 
+# Make sure we keep EXEEXT and ac_exeext sync'ed.
+ac_exeext=$EXEEXT
+
 # Test whether we're running on a non-case-sensitive system, in which
 # case we give a warning if no ext is given
 
@@ -7758,7 +7819,7 @@ then :
 fi
      ;; #(
               WASI/*) :
-    HOSTRUNNER='wasmtime run --wasm max-wasm-stack=8388608 --wasi preview2 --env PYTHONPATH=/$(shell realpath --relative-to $(abs_srcdir) $(abs_builddir))/$(shell cat pybuilddir.txt):/Lib --dir $(srcdir)::/' ;; #(
+    HOSTRUNNER='wasmtime run --wasm max-wasm-stack=16777216 --wasi preview2 --env PYTHONPATH=/$(shell realpath --relative-to $(abs_srcdir) $(abs_builddir))/$(shell cat pybuilddir.txt):/Lib --dir $(srcdir)::/' ;; #(
   *) :
     HOSTRUNNER=''
    ;;
@@ -8089,7 +8150,9 @@ fi
 
 # For calculating the .so ABI tag.
 
+
 ABIFLAGS=""
+ABI_THREAD=""
 
 # Check for --disable-gil
 # --disable-gil
@@ -8119,6 +8182,7 @@ printf "%s\n" "#define Py_GIL_DISABLED 1" >>confdefs.h
 
   # Add "t" for "threaded"
   ABIFLAGS="${ABIFLAGS}t"
+  ABI_THREAD="t"
 fi
 
 # Check for --with-pydebug
@@ -8171,6 +8235,10 @@ printf "%s\n" "#define Py_TRACE_REFS 1" >>confdefs.h
 
 fi
 
+if test "$disable_gil" = "yes" -a "$with_trace_refs" = "yes";
+then
+  as_fn_error $? "--disable-gil cannot be used with --with-trace-refs" "$LINENO" 5
+fi
 
 # Check for --enable-pystats
 { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for --enable-pystats" >&5
@@ -9414,6 +9482,11 @@ then :
   PYDEBUG_CFLAGS="-Og"
 fi
 
+# gh-120688: WASI uses -O3 in debug mode to support more recursive calls
+if test "$ac_sys_system" = "WASI"; then
+    PYDEBUG_CFLAGS="-O3"
+fi
+
 # tweak OPT based on compiler and platform, only if the user didn't set
 # it on the command line
 
@@ -9560,7 +9633,7 @@ then :
 
 fi
 
-                as_fn_append LDFLAGS_NODIST " -z stack-size=8388608 -Wl,--stack-first -Wl,--initial-memory=20971520"
+                as_fn_append LDFLAGS_NODIST " -z stack-size=16777216 -Wl,--stack-first -Wl,--initial-memory=41943040"
 
  ;; #(
   *) :
@@ -9600,6 +9673,326 @@ else $as_nop
   BASECFLAGS="$BASECFLAGS $NO_STRICT_OVERFLOW_CFLAGS"
 fi
 
+# Enable flags that warn and protect for potential security vulnerabilities.
+# These flags should be enabled by default for all builds.
+
+{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for --enable-safety" >&5
+printf %s "checking for --enable-safety... " >&6; }
+# Check whether --enable-safety was given.
+if test ${enable_safety+y}
+then :
+  enableval=$enable_safety; if test "x$disable_safety" = xyes
+then :
+  enable_safety=no
+else $as_nop
+  enable_safety=yes
+fi
+else $as_nop
+  enable_safety=no
+fi
+
+{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $enable_safety" >&5
+printf "%s\n" "$enable_safety" >&6; }
+
+if test "$enable_safety" = "yes"
+then
+  { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking whether C compiler accepts -fstack-protector-strong" >&5
+printf %s "checking whether C compiler accepts -fstack-protector-strong... " >&6; }
+if test ${ax_cv_check_cflags__Werror__fstack_protector_strong+y}
+then :
+  printf %s "(cached) " >&6
+else $as_nop
+
+  ax_check_save_flags=$CFLAGS
+  CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -Werror -fstack-protector-strong"
+  cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
+/* end confdefs.h.  */
+
+int
+main (void)
+{
+
+  ;
+  return 0;
+}
+_ACEOF
+if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO"
+then :
+  ax_cv_check_cflags__Werror__fstack_protector_strong=yes
+else $as_nop
+  ax_cv_check_cflags__Werror__fstack_protector_strong=no
+fi
+rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext
+  CFLAGS=$ax_check_save_flags
+fi
+{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ax_cv_check_cflags__Werror__fstack_protector_strong" >&5
+printf "%s\n" "$ax_cv_check_cflags__Werror__fstack_protector_strong" >&6; }
+if test "x$ax_cv_check_cflags__Werror__fstack_protector_strong" = xyes
+then :
+  CFLAGS_NODIST="$CFLAGS_NODIST -fstack-protector-strong"
+else $as_nop
+  { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: WARNING: -fstack-protector-strong not supported" >&5
+printf "%s\n" "$as_me: WARNING: -fstack-protector-strong not supported" >&2;}
+fi
+
+  { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking whether C compiler accepts -Wtrampolines" >&5
+printf %s "checking whether C compiler accepts -Wtrampolines... " >&6; }
+if test ${ax_cv_check_cflags__Werror__Wtrampolines+y}
+then :
+  printf %s "(cached) " >&6
+else $as_nop
+
+  ax_check_save_flags=$CFLAGS
+  CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -Werror -Wtrampolines"
+  cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
+/* end confdefs.h.  */
+
+int
+main (void)
+{
+
+  ;
+  return 0;
+}
+_ACEOF
+if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO"
+then :
+  ax_cv_check_cflags__Werror__Wtrampolines=yes
+else $as_nop
+  ax_cv_check_cflags__Werror__Wtrampolines=no
+fi
+rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext
+  CFLAGS=$ax_check_save_flags
+fi
+{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ax_cv_check_cflags__Werror__Wtrampolines" >&5
+printf "%s\n" "$ax_cv_check_cflags__Werror__Wtrampolines" >&6; }
+if test "x$ax_cv_check_cflags__Werror__Wtrampolines" = xyes
+then :
+  CFLAGS_NODIST="$CFLAGS_NODIST -Wtrampolines"
+else $as_nop
+  { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: WARNING: -Wtrampolines not supported" >&5
+printf "%s\n" "$as_me: WARNING: -Wtrampolines not supported" >&2;}
+fi
+
+  { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking whether C compiler accepts -Wimplicit-fallthrough" >&5
+printf %s "checking whether C compiler accepts -Wimplicit-fallthrough... " >&6; }
+if test ${ax_cv_check_cflags__Werror__Wimplicit_fallthrough+y}
+then :
+  printf %s "(cached) " >&6
+else $as_nop
+
+  ax_check_save_flags=$CFLAGS
+  CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -Werror -Wimplicit-fallthrough"
+  cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
+/* end confdefs.h.  */
+
+int
+main (void)
+{
+
+  ;
+  return 0;
+}
+_ACEOF
+if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO"
+then :
+  ax_cv_check_cflags__Werror__Wimplicit_fallthrough=yes
+else $as_nop
+  ax_cv_check_cflags__Werror__Wimplicit_fallthrough=no
+fi
+rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext
+  CFLAGS=$ax_check_save_flags
+fi
+{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ax_cv_check_cflags__Werror__Wimplicit_fallthrough" >&5
+printf "%s\n" "$ax_cv_check_cflags__Werror__Wimplicit_fallthrough" >&6; }
+if test "x$ax_cv_check_cflags__Werror__Wimplicit_fallthrough" = xyes
+then :
+  CFLAGS_NODIST="$CFLAGS_NODIST -Wimplicit-fallthrough"
+else $as_nop
+  { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: WARNING: -Wimplicit-fallthrough not supported" >&5
+printf "%s\n" "$as_me: WARNING: -Wimplicit-fallthrough not supported" >&2;}
+fi
+
+  { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking whether C compiler accepts -Werror=format-security" >&5
+printf %s "checking whether C compiler accepts -Werror=format-security... " >&6; }
+if test ${ax_cv_check_cflags__Werror__Werror_format_security+y}
+then :
+  printf %s "(cached) " >&6
+else $as_nop
+
+  ax_check_save_flags=$CFLAGS
+  CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -Werror -Werror=format-security"
+  cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
+/* end confdefs.h.  */
+
+int
+main (void)
+{
+
+  ;
+  return 0;
+}
+_ACEOF
+if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO"
+then :
+  ax_cv_check_cflags__Werror__Werror_format_security=yes
+else $as_nop
+  ax_cv_check_cflags__Werror__Werror_format_security=no
+fi
+rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext
+  CFLAGS=$ax_check_save_flags
+fi
+{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ax_cv_check_cflags__Werror__Werror_format_security" >&5
+printf "%s\n" "$ax_cv_check_cflags__Werror__Werror_format_security" >&6; }
+if test "x$ax_cv_check_cflags__Werror__Werror_format_security" = xyes
+then :
+  CFLAGS_NODIST="$CFLAGS_NODIST -Werror=format-security"
+else $as_nop
+  { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: WARNING: -Werror=format-security not supported" >&5
+printf "%s\n" "$as_me: WARNING: -Werror=format-security not supported" >&2;}
+fi
+
+  { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking whether C compiler accepts -Wbidi-chars=any" >&5
+printf %s "checking whether C compiler accepts -Wbidi-chars=any... " >&6; }
+if test ${ax_cv_check_cflags__Werror__Wbidi_chars_any+y}
+then :
+  printf %s "(cached) " >&6
+else $as_nop
+
+  ax_check_save_flags=$CFLAGS
+  CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -Werror -Wbidi-chars=any"
+  cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
+/* end confdefs.h.  */
+
+int
+main (void)
+{
+
+  ;
+  return 0;
+}
+_ACEOF
+if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO"
+then :
+  ax_cv_check_cflags__Werror__Wbidi_chars_any=yes
+else $as_nop
+  ax_cv_check_cflags__Werror__Wbidi_chars_any=no
+fi
+rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext
+  CFLAGS=$ax_check_save_flags
+fi
+{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ax_cv_check_cflags__Werror__Wbidi_chars_any" >&5
+printf "%s\n" "$ax_cv_check_cflags__Werror__Wbidi_chars_any" >&6; }
+if test "x$ax_cv_check_cflags__Werror__Wbidi_chars_any" = xyes
+then :
+  CFLAGS_NODIST="$CFLAGS_NODIST -Wbidi-chars=any"
+else $as_nop
+  { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: WARNING: -Wbidi-chars=any not supported" >&5
+printf "%s\n" "$as_me: WARNING: -Wbidi-chars=any not supported" >&2;}
+fi
+
+  { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking whether C compiler accepts -Wall" >&5
+printf %s "checking whether C compiler accepts -Wall... " >&6; }
+if test ${ax_cv_check_cflags__Werror__Wall+y}
+then :
+  printf %s "(cached) " >&6
+else $as_nop
+
+  ax_check_save_flags=$CFLAGS
+  CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -Werror -Wall"
+  cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
+/* end confdefs.h.  */
+
+int
+main (void)
+{
+
+  ;
+  return 0;
+}
+_ACEOF
+if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO"
+then :
+  ax_cv_check_cflags__Werror__Wall=yes
+else $as_nop
+  ax_cv_check_cflags__Werror__Wall=no
+fi
+rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext
+  CFLAGS=$ax_check_save_flags
+fi
+{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ax_cv_check_cflags__Werror__Wall" >&5
+printf "%s\n" "$ax_cv_check_cflags__Werror__Wall" >&6; }
+if test "x$ax_cv_check_cflags__Werror__Wall" = xyes
+then :
+  CFLAGS_NODIST="$CFLAGS_NODIST -Wall"
+else $as_nop
+  { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: WARNING: -Wall not supported" >&5
+printf "%s\n" "$as_me: WARNING: -Wall not supported" >&2;}
+fi
+
+fi
+
+{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for --enable-slower-safety" >&5
+printf %s "checking for --enable-slower-safety... " >&6; }
+# Check whether --enable-slower-safety was given.
+if test ${enable_slower_safety+y}
+then :
+  enableval=$enable_slower_safety; if test "x$disable_slower_safety" = xyes
+then :
+  enable_slower_safety=no
+else $as_nop
+  enable_slower_safety=yes
+fi
+else $as_nop
+  enable_slower_safety=no
+fi
+
+{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $enable_slower_safety" >&5
+printf "%s\n" "$enable_slower_safety" >&6; }
+
+if test "$enable_slower_safety" = "yes"
+then
+  { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking whether C compiler accepts -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=3" >&5
+printf %s "checking whether C compiler accepts -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=3... " >&6; }
+if test ${ax_cv_check_cflags__Werror__D_FORTIFY_SOURCE_3+y}
+then :
+  printf %s "(cached) " >&6
+else $as_nop
+
+  ax_check_save_flags=$CFLAGS
+  CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -Werror -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=3"
+  cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
+/* end confdefs.h.  */
+
+int
+main (void)
+{
+
+  ;
+  return 0;
+}
+_ACEOF
+if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO"
+then :
+  ax_cv_check_cflags__Werror__D_FORTIFY_SOURCE_3=yes
+else $as_nop
+  ax_cv_check_cflags__Werror__D_FORTIFY_SOURCE_3=no
+fi
+rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext
+  CFLAGS=$ax_check_save_flags
+fi
+{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ax_cv_check_cflags__Werror__D_FORTIFY_SOURCE_3" >&5
+printf "%s\n" "$ax_cv_check_cflags__Werror__D_FORTIFY_SOURCE_3" >&6; }
+if test "x$ax_cv_check_cflags__Werror__D_FORTIFY_SOURCE_3" = xyes
+then :
+  CFLAGS_NODIST="$CFLAGS_NODIST -U_FORTIFY_SOURCE -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=3"
+else $as_nop
+  { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: WARNING: -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=3 not supported" >&5
+printf "%s\n" "$as_me: WARNING: -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=3 not supported" >&2;}
+fi
+
+fi
+
 case $GCC in
 yes)
     CFLAGS_NODIST="$CFLAGS_NODIST -std=c11"
@@ -9614,7 +10007,7 @@ then :
 else $as_nop
 
     py_cflags=$CFLAGS
-    as_fn_append CFLAGS "-Wextra -Werror"
+    as_fn_append CFLAGS " -Wextra -Werror"
     cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
 /* end confdefs.h.  */
 
@@ -9732,7 +10125,7 @@ then :
 else $as_nop
 
     py_cflags=$CFLAGS
-    as_fn_append CFLAGS "-Wunused-result -Werror"
+    as_fn_append CFLAGS " -Wunused-result -Werror"
     cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
 /* end confdefs.h.  */
 
@@ -9777,7 +10170,7 @@ then :
 else $as_nop
 
     py_cflags=$CFLAGS
-    as_fn_append CFLAGS "-Wunused-parameter -Werror"
+    as_fn_append CFLAGS " -Wunused-parameter -Werror"
     cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
 /* end confdefs.h.  */
 
@@ -9818,7 +10211,7 @@ then :
 else $as_nop
 
     py_cflags=$CFLAGS
-    as_fn_append CFLAGS "-Wint-conversion -Werror"
+    as_fn_append CFLAGS " -Wint-conversion -Werror"
     cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
 /* end confdefs.h.  */
 
@@ -9859,7 +10252,7 @@ then :
 else $as_nop
 
     py_cflags=$CFLAGS
-    as_fn_append CFLAGS "-Wmissing-field-initializers -Werror"
+    as_fn_append CFLAGS " -Wmissing-field-initializers -Werror"
     cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
 /* end confdefs.h.  */
 
@@ -9900,7 +10293,7 @@ then :
 else $as_nop
 
     py_cflags=$CFLAGS
-    as_fn_append CFLAGS "-Wsign-compare -Werror"
+    as_fn_append CFLAGS " -Wsign-compare -Werror"
     cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
 /* end confdefs.h.  */
 
@@ -9941,7 +10334,7 @@ then :
 else $as_nop
 
     py_cflags=$CFLAGS
-    as_fn_append CFLAGS "-Wunreachable-code -Werror"
+    as_fn_append CFLAGS " -Wunreachable-code -Werror"
     cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
 /* end confdefs.h.  */
 
@@ -9993,7 +10386,7 @@ then :
 else $as_nop
 
     py_cflags=$CFLAGS
-    as_fn_append CFLAGS "-Wstrict-prototypes -Werror"
+    as_fn_append CFLAGS " -Wstrict-prototypes -Werror"
     cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
 /* end confdefs.h.  */
 
@@ -10702,6 +11095,12 @@ if test "x$ac_cv_header_linux_memfd_h" = xyes
 then :
   printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_LINUX_MEMFD_H 1" >>confdefs.h
 
+fi
+ac_fn_c_check_header_compile "$LINENO" "linux/netfilter_ipv4.h" "ac_cv_header_linux_netfilter_ipv4_h" "$ac_includes_default"
+if test "x$ac_cv_header_linux_netfilter_ipv4_h" = xyes
+then :
+  printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_LINUX_NETFILTER_IPV4_H 1" >>confdefs.h
+
 fi
 ac_fn_c_check_header_compile "$LINENO" "linux/random.h" "ac_cv_header_linux_random_h" "$ac_includes_default"
 if test "x$ac_cv_header_linux_random_h" = xyes
@@ -13676,6 +14075,14 @@ done
 
 fi
 
+# gh-124228: While the libuuid library is available on NetBSD, it supports only UUID version 4.
+# This restriction inhibits the proper generation of time-based UUIDs.
+if test "$ac_sys_system" = "NetBSD"; then
+  have_uuid=missing
+  printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_UUID_H 0" >>confdefs.h
+
+fi
+
 if test "x$have_uuid" = xmissing
 then :
   have_uuid=no
@@ -13838,12 +14245,57 @@ printf "%s\n" "$AIX_BUILDDATE" >&6; }
 	*) ;;
 esac
 
-# check for systems that require aligned memory access
-{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking aligned memory access is required" >&5
-printf %s "checking aligned memory access is required... " >&6; }
-if test ${ac_cv_aligned_required+y}
+# check for _Complex C type
+#
+# Note that despite most compilers define __STDC_IEC_559_COMPLEX__ - almost
+# none properly support C11+ Annex G (where pure imaginary types
+# represented by _Imaginary are mandatory).  This is a bug (see e.g.
+# llvm/llvm-project#60269), so we don't rely on presence
+# of __STDC_IEC_559_COMPLEX__.
+if test "$cross_compiling" = yes
 then :
-  printf %s "(cached) " >&6
+  ac_cv_c_complex_supported=no
+else $as_nop
+  cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
+/* end confdefs.h.  */
+
+#include <complex.h>
+#define test(type, out)                                \
+{                                                      \
+    type complex z = 1 + 2*I; z = z*z;                 \
+    (out) = (out) || creal(z) != -3 || cimag(z) != 4;  \
+}
+int main(void)
+{
+   int res = 0;
+   test(float, res);
+   test(double, res);
+   test(long double, res);
+   return res;
+}
+_ACEOF
+if ac_fn_c_try_run "$LINENO"
+then :
+  ac_cv_c_complex_supported=yes
+else $as_nop
+  ac_cv_c_complex_supported=no
+fi
+rm -f core *.core core.conftest.* gmon.out bb.out conftest$ac_exeext \
+  conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext
+fi
+
+if test "$ac_cv_c_complex_supported" = "yes"; then
+
+printf "%s\n" "#define Py_HAVE_C_COMPLEX 1" >>confdefs.h
+
+fi
+
+# check for systems that require aligned memory access
+{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking aligned memory access is required" >&5
+printf %s "checking aligned memory access is required... " >&6; }
+if test ${ac_cv_aligned_required+y}
+then :
+  printf %s "(cached) " >&6
 else $as_nop
   if test "$cross_compiling" = yes
 then :
@@ -14601,6 +15053,70 @@ LIBS=$save_LIBS
 
 
 
+fi
+
+# Check for libffi with real complex double support.
+# This is a workaround, since FFI_TARGET_HAS_COMPLEX_TYPE was defined in libffi v3.2.1,
+# but real support was provided only in libffi v3.3.0.
+# See https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/125206 for more details.
+#
+{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking libffi has complex type support" >&5
+printf %s "checking libffi has complex type support... " >&6; }
+if test ${ac_cv_ffi_complex_double_supported+y}
+then :
+  printf %s "(cached) " >&6
+else $as_nop
+  ac_save_cc="$CC"
+CC="$CC -lffi"
+if test "$cross_compiling" = yes
+then :
+  ac_cv_ffi_complex_double_supported=no
+else $as_nop
+  cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
+/* end confdefs.h.  */
+
+#include <complex.h>
+#include <ffi.h>
+int z_is_expected(double complex z)
+{
+    const double complex expected = CMPLX(1.25, -0.5);
+    return z == expected;
+}
+int main(void)
+{
+    double complex z = 1.25 - 0.5 * I;
+    ffi_type *args[1] = {&ffi_type_complex_double};
+    void *values[1] = {&z};
+    ffi_cif cif;
+    if (ffi_prep_cif(&cif, FFI_DEFAULT_ABI, 1,
+        &ffi_type_sint, args) != FFI_OK)
+    {
+        return 2;
+    }
+    ffi_arg rc;
+    ffi_call(&cif, FFI_FN(z_is_expected), &rc, values);
+    return !rc;
+}
+
+_ACEOF
+if ac_fn_c_try_run "$LINENO"
+then :
+  ac_cv_ffi_complex_double_supported=yes
+else $as_nop
+  ac_cv_ffi_complex_double_supported=no
+fi
+rm -f core *.core core.conftest.* gmon.out bb.out conftest$ac_exeext \
+  conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext
+fi
+
+CC="$ac_save_cc"
+fi
+{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_ffi_complex_double_supported" >&5
+printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_ffi_complex_double_supported" >&6; }
+if test "$ac_cv_ffi_complex_double_supported" = "yes"; then
+
+printf "%s\n" "#define Py_FFI_SUPPORT_C_COMPLEX 1" >>confdefs.h
+
 fi
 
 # Check for use of the system libmpdec library
@@ -17534,31 +18050,6 @@ fi
 { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $with_pymalloc" >&5
 printf "%s\n" "$with_pymalloc" >&6; }
 
-# Check whether objects such as float, tuple and dict are using
-# freelists to optimization memory allocation.
-{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for --with-freelists" >&5
-printf %s "checking for --with-freelists... " >&6; }
-
-# Check whether --with-freelists was given.
-if test ${with_freelists+y}
-then :
-  withval=$with_freelists;
-fi
-
-
-if test -z "$with_freelists"
-then
-    with_freelists="yes"
-fi
-if test "$with_freelists" != "no"
-then
-
-printf "%s\n" "#define WITH_FREELISTS 1" >>confdefs.h
-
-fi
-{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $with_freelists" >&5
-printf "%s\n" "$with_freelists" >&6; }
-
 # Check for --with-c-locale-coercion
 { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for --with-c-locale-coercion" >&5
 printf %s "checking for --with-c-locale-coercion... " >&6; }
@@ -23635,18 +24126,26 @@ cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
 /* end confdefs.h.  */
 
 
-double d = 90904234967036810337470478905505011476211692735615632014797120844053488865816695273723469097858056257517020191247487429516932130503560650002327564517570778480236724525140520121371739201496540132640109977779420565776568942592.0;
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+static double m[] = {9.090423496703681e+223, 0.0};
+
+int main (int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+    m[atoi (argv[1])] += atof (argv[2]);
+    return m[atoi (argv[3])] > 0.0;
+}
 
 
 _ACEOF
-if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO"
+if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO"
 then :
 
 
-if grep noonsees conftest.$ac_objext >/dev/null ; then
+if grep noonsees conftest$EXEEXT >/dev/null ; then
   ax_cv_c_float_words_bigendian=yes
 fi
-if grep seesnoon conftest.$ac_objext >/dev/null ; then
+if grep seesnoon conftest$EXEEXT >/dev/null ; then
   if test "$ax_cv_c_float_words_bigendian" = unknown; then
     ax_cv_c_float_words_bigendian=no
   else
@@ -23656,7 +24155,8 @@ fi
 
 
 fi
-rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext
+rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \
+    conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext
 fi
 { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ax_cv_c_float_words_bigendian" >&5
 printf "%s\n" "$ax_cv_c_float_words_bigendian" >&6; }
@@ -23693,7 +24193,7 @@ else
   # While Python doesn't currently have full support for these platforms
   # (see e.g., issue 1762561), we can at least make sure that float <-> string
   # conversions work.
-  # FLOAT_WORDS_BIGENDIAN doesnt actually detect this case, but if it's not big
+  # FLOAT_WORDS_BIGENDIAN doesn't actually detect this case, but if it's not big
   # or little, then it must be this?
 
 printf "%s\n" "#define DOUBLE_IS_ARM_MIXED_ENDIAN_IEEE754 1" >>confdefs.h
@@ -24517,16 +25017,19 @@ LDVERSION='$(VERSION)$(ABIFLAGS)'
 { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $LDVERSION" >&5
 printf "%s\n" "$LDVERSION" >&6; }
 
-# Configure the flags and dependencies used when compiling shared modules
+# Configure the flags and dependencies used when compiling shared modules.
+# Do not rename LIBPYTHON - it's accessed via sysconfig by package build
+# systems (e.g. Meson) to decide whether to link extension modules against
+# libpython.
 
 
 MODULE_DEPS_SHARED='$(MODULE_DEPS_STATIC) $(EXPORTSYMS)'
-MODULE_LDFLAGS=''
+LIBPYTHON=''
 
 # On Android and Cygwin the shared libraries must be linked with libpython.
 if test "$PY_ENABLE_SHARED" = "1" && ( test -n "$ANDROID_API_LEVEL" || test "$MACHDEP" = "cygwin"); then
   MODULE_DEPS_SHARED="$MODULE_DEPS_SHARED \$(LDLIBRARY)"
-  MODULE_LDFLAGS="\$(BLDLIBRARY)"
+  LIBPYTHON="\$(BLDLIBRARY)"
 fi
 
 # On iOS the shared libraries must be linked with the Python framework
@@ -24536,11 +25039,11 @@ fi
 
 
 
-BINLIBDEST='$(LIBDIR)/python$(VERSION)'
+BINLIBDEST='$(LIBDIR)/python$(VERSION)$(ABI_THREAD)'
 
 
 # Check for --with-platlibdir
-# /usr/$LIDIRNAME/python$VERSION
+# /usr/$PLATLIBDIR/python$(VERSION)$(ABI_THREAD)
 
 PLATLIBDIR="lib"
 { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for --with-platlibdir" >&5
@@ -24559,7 +25062,7 @@ then
   { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: yes" >&5
 printf "%s\n" "yes" >&6; }
   PLATLIBDIR="$withval"
-  BINLIBDEST='${exec_prefix}/${PLATLIBDIR}/python$(VERSION)'
+  BINLIBDEST='${exec_prefix}/${PLATLIBDIR}/python$(VERSION)$(ABI_THREAD)'
 else
   { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: no" >&5
 printf "%s\n" "no" >&6; }
@@ -24573,9 +25076,9 @@ fi
 
 
 if test x$PLATFORM_TRIPLET = x; then
-  LIBPL='$(prefix)'"/${PLATLIBDIR}/python${VERSION}/config-${LDVERSION}"
+  LIBPL='$(prefix)'"/${PLATLIBDIR}/python${VERSION}${ABI_THREAD}/config-${LDVERSION}"
 else
-  LIBPL='$(prefix)'"/${PLATLIBDIR}/python${VERSION}/config-${LDVERSION}-${PLATFORM_TRIPLET}"
+  LIBPL='$(prefix)'"/${PLATLIBDIR}/python${VERSION}${ABI_THREAD}/config-${LDVERSION}-${PLATFORM_TRIPLET}"
 fi
 
 
@@ -25864,28 +26367,118 @@ printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_STAT_TV_NSEC2 1" >>confdefs.h
 
 fi
 
-have_curses=no
-have_panel=no
+{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking whether year with century should be normalized for strftime" >&5
+printf %s "checking whether year with century should be normalized for strftime... " >&6; }
+if test ${ac_cv_normalize_century+y}
+then :
+  printf %s "(cached) " >&6
+else $as_nop
 
+if test "$cross_compiling" = yes
+then :
+  ac_cv_normalize_century=yes
+else $as_nop
+  cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
+/* end confdefs.h.  */
 
-ac_fn_c_check_header_compile "$LINENO" "curses.h" "ac_cv_header_curses_h" "$ac_includes_default"
-if test "x$ac_cv_header_curses_h" = xyes
+#include <time.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+int main(void)
+{
+  char year[5];
+  struct tm date = {
+    .tm_year = -1801,
+    .tm_mon = 0,
+    .tm_mday = 1
+  };
+  if (strftime(year, sizeof(year), "%Y", &date) && !strcmp(year, "0099")) {
+    return 1;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+_ACEOF
+if ac_fn_c_try_run "$LINENO"
 then :
-  printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_CURSES_H 1" >>confdefs.h
+  ac_cv_normalize_century=yes
+else $as_nop
+  ac_cv_normalize_century=no
+fi
+rm -f core *.core core.conftest.* gmon.out bb.out conftest$ac_exeext \
+  conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext
+fi
 
 fi
-ac_fn_c_check_header_compile "$LINENO" "ncurses.h" "ac_cv_header_ncurses_h" "$ac_includes_default"
-if test "x$ac_cv_header_ncurses_h" = xyes
-then :
-  printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_NCURSES_H 1" >>confdefs.h
+{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_normalize_century" >&5
+printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_normalize_century" >&6; }
+if test "$ac_cv_normalize_century" = yes
+then
+
+printf "%s\n" "#define Py_NORMALIZE_CENTURY 1" >>confdefs.h
 
 fi
 
+{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking whether C99-specific strftime specifiers are supported" >&5
+printf %s "checking whether C99-specific strftime specifiers are supported... " >&6; }
+if test ${ac_cv_strftime_c99_support+y}
+then :
+  printf %s "(cached) " >&6
+else $as_nop
 
-if test "x$ac_cv_header_ncurses_h" = xyes
+if test "$cross_compiling" = yes
+then :
+  ac_cv_strftime_c99_support=no
+else $as_nop
+  cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
+/* end confdefs.h.  */
+
+#include <time.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+int main(void)
+{
+  char full_date[11];
+  struct tm date = {
+    .tm_year = 0,
+    .tm_mon = 0,
+    .tm_mday = 1
+  };
+  if (strftime(full_date, sizeof(full_date), "%F", &date) && !strcmp(full_date, "1900-01-01")) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  return 1;
+}
+
+_ACEOF
+if ac_fn_c_try_run "$LINENO"
 then :
+  ac_cv_strftime_c99_support=yes
+else $as_nop
+  ac_cv_strftime_c99_support=no
+fi
+rm -f core *.core core.conftest.* gmon.out bb.out conftest$ac_exeext \
+  conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext
+fi
+
+fi
+{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_strftime_c99_support" >&5
+printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_strftime_c99_support" >&6; }
+if test "$ac_cv_strftime_c99_support" = yes
+then
+
+printf "%s\n" "#define Py_STRFTIME_C99_SUPPORT 1" >>confdefs.h
+
+fi
+
+have_curses=no
+have_panel=no
+
+
+
+# Check for ncursesw/panelw first. If that fails, try ncurses/panel.
+
 
-  if test "$ac_sys_system" != "Darwin"; then
 
 pkg_failed=no
 { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for ncursesw" >&5
@@ -25945,148 +26538,102 @@ fi
 	# Put the nasty error message in config.log where it belongs
 	echo "$CURSES_PKG_ERRORS" >&5
 
+	have_curses=no
+elif test $pkg_failed = untried; then
+        { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: no" >&5
+printf "%s\n" "no" >&6; }
+	have_curses=no
+else
+	CURSES_CFLAGS=$pkg_cv_CURSES_CFLAGS
+	CURSES_LIBS=$pkg_cv_CURSES_LIBS
+        { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: yes" >&5
+printf "%s\n" "yes" >&6; }
 
-      save_CFLAGS=$CFLAGS
-save_CPPFLAGS=$CPPFLAGS
-save_LDFLAGS=$LDFLAGS
-save_LIBS=$LIBS
+printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_NCURSESW 1" >>confdefs.h
 
+   have_curses=yes
 
-        { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for initscr in -lncursesw" >&5
-printf %s "checking for initscr in -lncursesw... " >&6; }
-if test ${ac_cv_lib_ncursesw_initscr+y}
-then :
-  printf %s "(cached) " >&6
-else $as_nop
-  ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS
-LIBS="-lncursesw  $LIBS"
-cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
-/* end confdefs.h.  */
+pkg_failed=no
+{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for panelw" >&5
+printf %s "checking for panelw... " >&6; }
 
-/* Override any GCC internal prototype to avoid an error.
-   Use char because int might match the return type of a GCC
-   builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply.  */
-char initscr ();
-int
-main (void)
-{
-return initscr ();
-  ;
-  return 0;
-}
-_ACEOF
-if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO"
-then :
-  ac_cv_lib_ncursesw_initscr=yes
-else $as_nop
-  ac_cv_lib_ncursesw_initscr=no
+if test -n "$PANEL_CFLAGS"; then
+    pkg_cv_PANEL_CFLAGS="$PANEL_CFLAGS"
+ elif test -n "$PKG_CONFIG"; then
+    if test -n "$PKG_CONFIG" && \
+    { { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: \$PKG_CONFIG --exists --print-errors \"panelw\""; } >&5
+  ($PKG_CONFIG --exists --print-errors "panelw") 2>&5
+  ac_status=$?
+  printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: \$? = $ac_status" >&5
+  test $ac_status = 0; }; then
+  pkg_cv_PANEL_CFLAGS=`$PKG_CONFIG --cflags "panelw" 2>/dev/null`
+		      test "x$?" != "x0" && pkg_failed=yes
+else
+  pkg_failed=yes
 fi
-rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \
-    conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext
-LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS
+ else
+    pkg_failed=untried
 fi
-{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_lib_ncursesw_initscr" >&5
-printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_lib_ncursesw_initscr" >&6; }
-if test "x$ac_cv_lib_ncursesw_initscr" = xyes
-then :
-
-          printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_NCURSESW 1" >>confdefs.h
-
-          have_curses=ncursesw
-          CURSES_CFLAGS=${CURSES_CFLAGS-""}
-          CURSES_LIBS=${CURSES_LIBS-"-lncursesw"}
-
+if test -n "$PANEL_LIBS"; then
+    pkg_cv_PANEL_LIBS="$PANEL_LIBS"
+ elif test -n "$PKG_CONFIG"; then
+    if test -n "$PKG_CONFIG" && \
+    { { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: \$PKG_CONFIG --exists --print-errors \"panelw\""; } >&5
+  ($PKG_CONFIG --exists --print-errors "panelw") 2>&5
+  ac_status=$?
+  printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: \$? = $ac_status" >&5
+  test $ac_status = 0; }; then
+  pkg_cv_PANEL_LIBS=`$PKG_CONFIG --libs "panelw" 2>/dev/null`
+		      test "x$?" != "x0" && pkg_failed=yes
+else
+  pkg_failed=yes
+fi
+ else
+    pkg_failed=untried
 fi
 
 
-CFLAGS=$save_CFLAGS
-CPPFLAGS=$save_CPPFLAGS
-LDFLAGS=$save_LDFLAGS
-LIBS=$save_LIBS
 
+if test $pkg_failed = yes; then
+        { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: no" >&5
+printf "%s\n" "no" >&6; }
 
+if $PKG_CONFIG --atleast-pkgconfig-version 0.20; then
+        _pkg_short_errors_supported=yes
+else
+        _pkg_short_errors_supported=no
+fi
+        if test $_pkg_short_errors_supported = yes; then
+	        PANEL_PKG_ERRORS=`$PKG_CONFIG --short-errors --print-errors --cflags --libs "panelw" 2>&1`
+        else
+	        PANEL_PKG_ERRORS=`$PKG_CONFIG --print-errors --cflags --libs "panelw" 2>&1`
+        fi
+	# Put the nasty error message in config.log where it belongs
+	echo "$PANEL_PKG_ERRORS" >&5
 
+	have_panel=no
 elif test $pkg_failed = untried; then
         { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: no" >&5
 printf "%s\n" "no" >&6; }
-
-      save_CFLAGS=$CFLAGS
-save_CPPFLAGS=$CPPFLAGS
-save_LDFLAGS=$LDFLAGS
-save_LIBS=$LIBS
-
-
-        { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for initscr in -lncursesw" >&5
-printf %s "checking for initscr in -lncursesw... " >&6; }
-if test ${ac_cv_lib_ncursesw_initscr+y}
-then :
-  printf %s "(cached) " >&6
-else $as_nop
-  ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS
-LIBS="-lncursesw  $LIBS"
-cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
-/* end confdefs.h.  */
-
-/* Override any GCC internal prototype to avoid an error.
-   Use char because int might match the return type of a GCC
-   builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply.  */
-char initscr ();
-int
-main (void)
-{
-return initscr ();
-  ;
-  return 0;
-}
-_ACEOF
-if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO"
-then :
-  ac_cv_lib_ncursesw_initscr=yes
-else $as_nop
-  ac_cv_lib_ncursesw_initscr=no
-fi
-rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \
-    conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext
-LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS
-fi
-{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_lib_ncursesw_initscr" >&5
-printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_lib_ncursesw_initscr" >&6; }
-if test "x$ac_cv_lib_ncursesw_initscr" = xyes
-then :
-
-          printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_NCURSESW 1" >>confdefs.h
-
-          have_curses=ncursesw
-          CURSES_CFLAGS=${CURSES_CFLAGS-""}
-          CURSES_LIBS=${CURSES_LIBS-"-lncursesw"}
-
-fi
-
-
-CFLAGS=$save_CFLAGS
-CPPFLAGS=$save_CPPFLAGS
-LDFLAGS=$save_LDFLAGS
-LIBS=$save_LIBS
-
-
-
+	have_panel=no
 else
-	CURSES_CFLAGS=$pkg_cv_CURSES_CFLAGS
-	CURSES_LIBS=$pkg_cv_CURSES_LIBS
+	PANEL_CFLAGS=$pkg_cv_PANEL_CFLAGS
+	PANEL_LIBS=$pkg_cv_PANEL_LIBS
         { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: yes" >&5
 printf "%s\n" "yes" >&6; }
 
-      printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_NCURSESW 1" >>confdefs.h
-
-      have_curses=ncursesw
+printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_PANELW 1" >>confdefs.h
 
+     have_panel=yes
+fi
 fi
-  fi
 
-  if test "x$have_curses" = xno
+
+if test "x$have_curses" = xno
 then :
 
 
+
 pkg_failed=no
 { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for ncurses" >&5
 printf %s "checking for ncurses... " >&6; }
@@ -26145,197 +26692,35 @@ fi
 	# Put the nasty error message in config.log where it belongs
 	echo "$CURSES_PKG_ERRORS" >&5
 
-
-      save_CFLAGS=$CFLAGS
-save_CPPFLAGS=$CPPFLAGS
-save_LDFLAGS=$LDFLAGS
-save_LIBS=$LIBS
-
-
-        { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for initscr in -lncurses" >&5
-printf %s "checking for initscr in -lncurses... " >&6; }
-if test ${ac_cv_lib_ncurses_initscr+y}
-then :
-  printf %s "(cached) " >&6
-else $as_nop
-  ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS
-LIBS="-lncurses  $LIBS"
-cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
-/* end confdefs.h.  */
-
-/* Override any GCC internal prototype to avoid an error.
-   Use char because int might match the return type of a GCC
-   builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply.  */
-char initscr ();
-int
-main (void)
-{
-return initscr ();
-  ;
-  return 0;
-}
-_ACEOF
-if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO"
-then :
-  ac_cv_lib_ncurses_initscr=yes
-else $as_nop
-  ac_cv_lib_ncurses_initscr=no
-fi
-rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \
-    conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext
-LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS
-fi
-{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_lib_ncurses_initscr" >&5
-printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_lib_ncurses_initscr" >&6; }
-if test "x$ac_cv_lib_ncurses_initscr" = xyes
-then :
-
-          have_curses=ncurses
-          CURSES_CFLAGS=${CURSES_CFLAGS-""}
-          CURSES_LIBS=${CURSES_LIBS-"-lncurses"}
-
-fi
-
-
-CFLAGS=$save_CFLAGS
-CPPFLAGS=$save_CPPFLAGS
-LDFLAGS=$save_LDFLAGS
-LIBS=$save_LIBS
-
-
-
+	have_curses=no
 elif test $pkg_failed = untried; then
         { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: no" >&5
 printf "%s\n" "no" >&6; }
-
-      save_CFLAGS=$CFLAGS
-save_CPPFLAGS=$CPPFLAGS
-save_LDFLAGS=$LDFLAGS
-save_LIBS=$LIBS
-
-
-        { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for initscr in -lncurses" >&5
-printf %s "checking for initscr in -lncurses... " >&6; }
-if test ${ac_cv_lib_ncurses_initscr+y}
-then :
-  printf %s "(cached) " >&6
-else $as_nop
-  ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS
-LIBS="-lncurses  $LIBS"
-cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
-/* end confdefs.h.  */
-
-/* Override any GCC internal prototype to avoid an error.
-   Use char because int might match the return type of a GCC
-   builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply.  */
-char initscr ();
-int
-main (void)
-{
-return initscr ();
-  ;
-  return 0;
-}
-_ACEOF
-if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO"
-then :
-  ac_cv_lib_ncurses_initscr=yes
-else $as_nop
-  ac_cv_lib_ncurses_initscr=no
-fi
-rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \
-    conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext
-LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS
-fi
-{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_lib_ncurses_initscr" >&5
-printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_lib_ncurses_initscr" >&6; }
-if test "x$ac_cv_lib_ncurses_initscr" = xyes
-then :
-
-          have_curses=ncurses
-          CURSES_CFLAGS=${CURSES_CFLAGS-""}
-          CURSES_LIBS=${CURSES_LIBS-"-lncurses"}
-
-fi
-
-
-CFLAGS=$save_CFLAGS
-CPPFLAGS=$save_CPPFLAGS
-LDFLAGS=$save_LDFLAGS
-LIBS=$save_LIBS
-
-
-
+	have_curses=no
 else
 	CURSES_CFLAGS=$pkg_cv_CURSES_CFLAGS
 	CURSES_LIBS=$pkg_cv_CURSES_LIBS
         { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: yes" >&5
 printf "%s\n" "yes" >&6; }
 
-      have_curses=ncurses
-
-fi
-
-fi
-
-
-fi
-CURSES_CFLAGS=$(echo $CURSES_CFLAGS | sed 's/-D_XOPEN_SOURCE=600//g')
-
-if test "$have_curses" != no -a "$ac_sys_system" = "Darwin"; then
-
-  as_fn_append CURSES_CFLAGS " -D_XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED=1"
-  printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_NCURSESW 1" >>confdefs.h
-
-fi
-
-
-{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking curses module flags" >&5
-printf %s "checking curses module flags... " >&6; }
-if test "x$have_curses" = xno
-then :
-
-  { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: no" >&5
-printf "%s\n" "no" >&6; }
-
-else $as_nop
-
-  { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $have_curses (CFLAGS: $CURSES_CFLAGS, LIBS: $CURSES_LIBS)" >&5
-printf "%s\n" "$have_curses (CFLAGS: $CURSES_CFLAGS, LIBS: $CURSES_LIBS)" >&6; }
-
-fi
-
-ac_fn_c_check_header_compile "$LINENO" "panel.h" "ac_cv_header_panel_h" "$ac_includes_default"
-if test "x$ac_cv_header_panel_h" = xyes
-then :
-  printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_PANEL_H 1" >>confdefs.h
-
-fi
-
-
-if test "x$ac_cv_header_panel_h" = xyes
-then :
-
-
-  if test "$ac_sys_system" != "Darwin"; then
-        if test "x$have_curses" = xncursesw
-then :
+printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_NCURSES 1" >>confdefs.h
 
+   have_curses=yes
 
 pkg_failed=no
-{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for panelw" >&5
-printf %s "checking for panelw... " >&6; }
+{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for panel" >&5
+printf %s "checking for panel... " >&6; }
 
 if test -n "$PANEL_CFLAGS"; then
     pkg_cv_PANEL_CFLAGS="$PANEL_CFLAGS"
  elif test -n "$PKG_CONFIG"; then
     if test -n "$PKG_CONFIG" && \
-    { { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: \$PKG_CONFIG --exists --print-errors \"panelw\""; } >&5
-  ($PKG_CONFIG --exists --print-errors "panelw") 2>&5
+    { { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: \$PKG_CONFIG --exists --print-errors \"panel\""; } >&5
+  ($PKG_CONFIG --exists --print-errors "panel") 2>&5
   ac_status=$?
   printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: \$? = $ac_status" >&5
   test $ac_status = 0; }; then
-  pkg_cv_PANEL_CFLAGS=`$PKG_CONFIG --cflags "panelw" 2>/dev/null`
+  pkg_cv_PANEL_CFLAGS=`$PKG_CONFIG --cflags "panel" 2>/dev/null`
 		      test "x$?" != "x0" && pkg_failed=yes
 else
   pkg_failed=yes
@@ -26347,12 +26732,12 @@ if test -n "$PANEL_LIBS"; then
     pkg_cv_PANEL_LIBS="$PANEL_LIBS"
  elif test -n "$PKG_CONFIG"; then
     if test -n "$PKG_CONFIG" && \
-    { { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: \$PKG_CONFIG --exists --print-errors \"panelw\""; } >&5
-  ($PKG_CONFIG --exists --print-errors "panelw") 2>&5
+    { { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: \$PKG_CONFIG --exists --print-errors \"panel\""; } >&5
+  ($PKG_CONFIG --exists --print-errors "panel") 2>&5
   ac_status=$?
   printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: \$? = $ac_status" >&5
   test $ac_status = 0; }; then
-  pkg_cv_PANEL_LIBS=`$PKG_CONFIG --libs "panelw" 2>/dev/null`
+  pkg_cv_PANEL_LIBS=`$PKG_CONFIG --libs "panel" 2>/dev/null`
 		      test "x$?" != "x0" && pkg_failed=yes
 else
   pkg_failed=yes
@@ -26373,286 +26758,172 @@ else
         _pkg_short_errors_supported=no
 fi
         if test $_pkg_short_errors_supported = yes; then
-	        PANEL_PKG_ERRORS=`$PKG_CONFIG --short-errors --print-errors --cflags --libs "panelw" 2>&1`
+	        PANEL_PKG_ERRORS=`$PKG_CONFIG --short-errors --print-errors --cflags --libs "panel" 2>&1`
         else
-	        PANEL_PKG_ERRORS=`$PKG_CONFIG --print-errors --cflags --libs "panelw" 2>&1`
+	        PANEL_PKG_ERRORS=`$PKG_CONFIG --print-errors --cflags --libs "panel" 2>&1`
         fi
 	# Put the nasty error message in config.log where it belongs
 	echo "$PANEL_PKG_ERRORS" >&5
 
+	have_panel=no
+elif test $pkg_failed = untried; then
+        { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: no" >&5
+printf "%s\n" "no" >&6; }
+	have_panel=no
+else
+	PANEL_CFLAGS=$pkg_cv_PANEL_CFLAGS
+	PANEL_LIBS=$pkg_cv_PANEL_LIBS
+        { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: yes" >&5
+printf "%s\n" "yes" >&6; }
 
-        save_CFLAGS=$CFLAGS
-save_CPPFLAGS=$CPPFLAGS
-save_LDFLAGS=$LDFLAGS
-save_LIBS=$LIBS
-
-
-          { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for update_panels in -lpanelw" >&5
-printf %s "checking for update_panels in -lpanelw... " >&6; }
-if test ${ac_cv_lib_panelw_update_panels+y}
-then :
-  printf %s "(cached) " >&6
-else $as_nop
-  ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS
-LIBS="-lpanelw  $LIBS"
-cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
-/* end confdefs.h.  */
+printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_PANEL 1" >>confdefs.h
 
-/* Override any GCC internal prototype to avoid an error.
-   Use char because int might match the return type of a GCC
-   builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply.  */
-char update_panels ();
-int
-main (void)
-{
-return update_panels ();
-  ;
-  return 0;
-}
-_ACEOF
-if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO"
-then :
-  ac_cv_lib_panelw_update_panels=yes
-else $as_nop
-  ac_cv_lib_panelw_update_panels=no
+     have_panel=yes
 fi
-rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \
-    conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext
-LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS
 fi
-{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_lib_panelw_update_panels" >&5
-printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_lib_panelw_update_panels" >&6; }
-if test "x$ac_cv_lib_panelw_update_panels" = xyes
-then :
 
-            have_panel=panelw
-            PANEL_CFLAGS=${PANEL_CFLAGS-""}
-            PANEL_LIBS=${PANEL_LIBS-"-lpanelw"}
 
 fi
 
-
-CFLAGS=$save_CFLAGS
-CPPFLAGS=$save_CPPFLAGS
-LDFLAGS=$save_LDFLAGS
-LIBS=$save_LIBS
-
-
-
-elif test $pkg_failed = untried; then
-        { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: no" >&5
-printf "%s\n" "no" >&6; }
-
-        save_CFLAGS=$CFLAGS
+save_CFLAGS=$CFLAGS
 save_CPPFLAGS=$CPPFLAGS
 save_LDFLAGS=$LDFLAGS
 save_LIBS=$LIBS
 
 
-          { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for update_panels in -lpanelw" >&5
-printf %s "checking for update_panels in -lpanelw... " >&6; }
-if test ${ac_cv_lib_panelw_update_panels+y}
+  # Make sure we've got the header defines.
+  as_fn_append CPPFLAGS " $CURSES_CFLAGS $PANEL_CFLAGS"
+  ac_fn_c_check_header_compile "$LINENO" "ncursesw/curses.h" "ac_cv_header_ncursesw_curses_h" "$ac_includes_default"
+if test "x$ac_cv_header_ncursesw_curses_h" = xyes
 then :
-  printf %s "(cached) " >&6
-else $as_nop
-  ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS
-LIBS="-lpanelw  $LIBS"
-cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
-/* end confdefs.h.  */
+  printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_NCURSESW_CURSES_H 1" >>confdefs.h
 
-/* Override any GCC internal prototype to avoid an error.
-   Use char because int might match the return type of a GCC
-   builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply.  */
-char update_panels ();
-int
-main (void)
-{
-return update_panels ();
-  ;
-  return 0;
-}
-_ACEOF
-if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO"
-then :
-  ac_cv_lib_panelw_update_panels=yes
-else $as_nop
-  ac_cv_lib_panelw_update_panels=no
 fi
-rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \
-    conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext
-LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS
-fi
-{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_lib_panelw_update_panels" >&5
-printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_lib_panelw_update_panels" >&6; }
-if test "x$ac_cv_lib_panelw_update_panels" = xyes
+ac_fn_c_check_header_compile "$LINENO" "ncursesw/ncurses.h" "ac_cv_header_ncursesw_ncurses_h" "$ac_includes_default"
+if test "x$ac_cv_header_ncursesw_ncurses_h" = xyes
 then :
-
-            have_panel=panelw
-            PANEL_CFLAGS=${PANEL_CFLAGS-""}
-            PANEL_LIBS=${PANEL_LIBS-"-lpanelw"}
+  printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_NCURSESW_NCURSES_H 1" >>confdefs.h
 
 fi
-
-
-CFLAGS=$save_CFLAGS
-CPPFLAGS=$save_CPPFLAGS
-LDFLAGS=$save_LDFLAGS
-LIBS=$save_LIBS
-
-
-
-else
-	PANEL_CFLAGS=$pkg_cv_PANEL_CFLAGS
-	PANEL_LIBS=$pkg_cv_PANEL_LIBS
-        { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: yes" >&5
-printf "%s\n" "yes" >&6; }
-
-        have_panel=panelw
+ac_fn_c_check_header_compile "$LINENO" "ncursesw/panel.h" "ac_cv_header_ncursesw_panel_h" "$ac_includes_default"
+if test "x$ac_cv_header_ncursesw_panel_h" = xyes
+then :
+  printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_NCURSESW_PANEL_H 1" >>confdefs.h
 
 fi
+ac_fn_c_check_header_compile "$LINENO" "ncurses/curses.h" "ac_cv_header_ncurses_curses_h" "$ac_includes_default"
+if test "x$ac_cv_header_ncurses_curses_h" = xyes
+then :
+  printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_NCURSES_CURSES_H 1" >>confdefs.h
 
 fi
-  fi
-
-  if test "x$have_curses" = xncurses
+ac_fn_c_check_header_compile "$LINENO" "ncurses/ncurses.h" "ac_cv_header_ncurses_ncurses_h" "$ac_includes_default"
+if test "x$ac_cv_header_ncurses_ncurses_h" = xyes
 then :
+  printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_NCURSES_NCURSES_H 1" >>confdefs.h
 
-
-pkg_failed=no
-{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for panel" >&5
-printf %s "checking for panel... " >&6; }
-
-if test -n "$PANEL_CFLAGS"; then
-    pkg_cv_PANEL_CFLAGS="$PANEL_CFLAGS"
- elif test -n "$PKG_CONFIG"; then
-    if test -n "$PKG_CONFIG" && \
-    { { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: \$PKG_CONFIG --exists --print-errors \"panel\""; } >&5
-  ($PKG_CONFIG --exists --print-errors "panel") 2>&5
-  ac_status=$?
-  printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: \$? = $ac_status" >&5
-  test $ac_status = 0; }; then
-  pkg_cv_PANEL_CFLAGS=`$PKG_CONFIG --cflags "panel" 2>/dev/null`
-		      test "x$?" != "x0" && pkg_failed=yes
-else
-  pkg_failed=yes
 fi
- else
-    pkg_failed=untried
-fi
-if test -n "$PANEL_LIBS"; then
-    pkg_cv_PANEL_LIBS="$PANEL_LIBS"
- elif test -n "$PKG_CONFIG"; then
-    if test -n "$PKG_CONFIG" && \
-    { { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: \$PKG_CONFIG --exists --print-errors \"panel\""; } >&5
-  ($PKG_CONFIG --exists --print-errors "panel") 2>&5
-  ac_status=$?
-  printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: \$? = $ac_status" >&5
-  test $ac_status = 0; }; then
-  pkg_cv_PANEL_LIBS=`$PKG_CONFIG --libs "panel" 2>/dev/null`
-		      test "x$?" != "x0" && pkg_failed=yes
-else
-  pkg_failed=yes
-fi
- else
-    pkg_failed=untried
-fi
-
-
+ac_fn_c_check_header_compile "$LINENO" "ncurses/panel.h" "ac_cv_header_ncurses_panel_h" "$ac_includes_default"
+if test "x$ac_cv_header_ncurses_panel_h" = xyes
+then :
+  printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_NCURSES_PANEL_H 1" >>confdefs.h
 
-if test $pkg_failed = yes; then
-        { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: no" >&5
-printf "%s\n" "no" >&6; }
+fi
+ac_fn_c_check_header_compile "$LINENO" "curses.h" "ac_cv_header_curses_h" "$ac_includes_default"
+if test "x$ac_cv_header_curses_h" = xyes
+then :
+  printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_CURSES_H 1" >>confdefs.h
 
-if $PKG_CONFIG --atleast-pkgconfig-version 0.20; then
-        _pkg_short_errors_supported=yes
-else
-        _pkg_short_errors_supported=no
 fi
-        if test $_pkg_short_errors_supported = yes; then
-	        PANEL_PKG_ERRORS=`$PKG_CONFIG --short-errors --print-errors --cflags --libs "panel" 2>&1`
-        else
-	        PANEL_PKG_ERRORS=`$PKG_CONFIG --print-errors --cflags --libs "panel" 2>&1`
-        fi
-	# Put the nasty error message in config.log where it belongs
-	echo "$PANEL_PKG_ERRORS" >&5
+ac_fn_c_check_header_compile "$LINENO" "ncurses.h" "ac_cv_header_ncurses_h" "$ac_includes_default"
+if test "x$ac_cv_header_ncurses_h" = xyes
+then :
+  printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_NCURSES_H 1" >>confdefs.h
 
+fi
+ac_fn_c_check_header_compile "$LINENO" "panel.h" "ac_cv_header_panel_h" "$ac_includes_default"
+if test "x$ac_cv_header_panel_h" = xyes
+then :
+  printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_PANEL_H 1" >>confdefs.h
 
-      save_CFLAGS=$CFLAGS
-save_CPPFLAGS=$CPPFLAGS
-save_LDFLAGS=$LDFLAGS
-save_LIBS=$LIBS
+fi
 
 
-        { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for update_panels in -lpanel" >&5
-printf %s "checking for update_panels in -lpanel... " >&6; }
-if test ${ac_cv_lib_panel_update_panels+y}
+  # Check that we're able to link with crucial curses/panel functions. This
+  # also serves as a fallback in case pkg-config failed.
+  as_fn_append LIBS " $CURSES_LIBS $PANEL_LIBS"
+  { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for library containing initscr" >&5
+printf %s "checking for library containing initscr... " >&6; }
+if test ${ac_cv_search_initscr+y}
 then :
   printf %s "(cached) " >&6
 else $as_nop
-  ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS
-LIBS="-lpanel  $LIBS"
+  ac_func_search_save_LIBS=$LIBS
 cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
 /* end confdefs.h.  */
 
 /* Override any GCC internal prototype to avoid an error.
    Use char because int might match the return type of a GCC
    builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply.  */
-char update_panels ();
+char initscr ();
 int
 main (void)
 {
-return update_panels ();
+return initscr ();
   ;
   return 0;
 }
 _ACEOF
-if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO"
+for ac_lib in '' ncursesw ncurses
+do
+  if test -z "$ac_lib"; then
+    ac_res="none required"
+  else
+    ac_res=-l$ac_lib
+    LIBS="-l$ac_lib  $ac_func_search_save_LIBS"
+  fi
+  if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO"
 then :
-  ac_cv_lib_panel_update_panels=yes
-else $as_nop
-  ac_cv_lib_panel_update_panels=no
+  ac_cv_search_initscr=$ac_res
 fi
 rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \
-    conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext
-LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS
+    conftest$ac_exeext
+  if test ${ac_cv_search_initscr+y}
+then :
+  break
 fi
-{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_lib_panel_update_panels" >&5
-printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_lib_panel_update_panels" >&6; }
-if test "x$ac_cv_lib_panel_update_panels" = xyes
+done
+if test ${ac_cv_search_initscr+y}
 then :
 
-          have_panel=panel
-          PANEL_CFLAGS=${PANEL_CFLAGS-""}
-          PANEL_LIBS=${PANEL_LIBS-"-lpanel"}
-
+else $as_nop
+  ac_cv_search_initscr=no
+fi
+rm conftest.$ac_ext
+LIBS=$ac_func_search_save_LIBS
+fi
+{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_search_initscr" >&5
+printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_search_initscr" >&6; }
+ac_res=$ac_cv_search_initscr
+if test "$ac_res" != no
+then :
+  test "$ac_res" = "none required" || LIBS="$ac_res $LIBS"
+  if test "x$have_curses" = xno
+then :
+  have_curses=yes
+       CURSES_LIBS=${CURSES_LIBS-"$ac_cv_search_initscr"}
+fi
+else $as_nop
+  have_curses=no
 fi
 
-
-CFLAGS=$save_CFLAGS
-CPPFLAGS=$save_CPPFLAGS
-LDFLAGS=$save_LDFLAGS
-LIBS=$save_LIBS
-
-
-
-elif test $pkg_failed = untried; then
-        { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: no" >&5
-printf "%s\n" "no" >&6; }
-
-      save_CFLAGS=$CFLAGS
-save_CPPFLAGS=$CPPFLAGS
-save_LDFLAGS=$LDFLAGS
-save_LIBS=$LIBS
-
-
-        { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for update_panels in -lpanel" >&5
-printf %s "checking for update_panels in -lpanel... " >&6; }
-if test ${ac_cv_lib_panel_update_panels+y}
+  { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for library containing update_panels" >&5
+printf %s "checking for library containing update_panels... " >&6; }
+if test ${ac_cv_search_update_panels+y}
 then :
   printf %s "(cached) " >&6
 else $as_nop
-  ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS
-LIBS="-lpanel  $LIBS"
+  ac_func_search_save_LIBS=$LIBS
 cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
 /* end confdefs.h.  */
 
@@ -26668,76 +26939,82 @@ return update_panels ();
   return 0;
 }
 _ACEOF
-if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO"
+for ac_lib in '' panelw panel
+do
+  if test -z "$ac_lib"; then
+    ac_res="none required"
+  else
+    ac_res=-l$ac_lib
+    LIBS="-l$ac_lib  $ac_func_search_save_LIBS"
+  fi
+  if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO"
 then :
-  ac_cv_lib_panel_update_panels=yes
-else $as_nop
-  ac_cv_lib_panel_update_panels=no
+  ac_cv_search_update_panels=$ac_res
 fi
 rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \
-    conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext
-LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS
+    conftest$ac_exeext
+  if test ${ac_cv_search_update_panels+y}
+then :
+  break
 fi
-{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_lib_panel_update_panels" >&5
-printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_lib_panel_update_panels" >&6; }
-if test "x$ac_cv_lib_panel_update_panels" = xyes
+done
+if test ${ac_cv_search_update_panels+y}
 then :
 
-          have_panel=panel
-          PANEL_CFLAGS=${PANEL_CFLAGS-""}
-          PANEL_LIBS=${PANEL_LIBS-"-lpanel"}
-
+else $as_nop
+  ac_cv_search_update_panels=no
 fi
-
-
-CFLAGS=$save_CFLAGS
-CPPFLAGS=$save_CPPFLAGS
-LDFLAGS=$save_LDFLAGS
-LIBS=$save_LIBS
-
-
-
-else
-	PANEL_CFLAGS=$pkg_cv_PANEL_CFLAGS
-	PANEL_LIBS=$pkg_cv_PANEL_LIBS
-        { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: yes" >&5
-printf "%s\n" "yes" >&6; }
-
-      have_panel=panel
-
+rm conftest.$ac_ext
+LIBS=$ac_func_search_save_LIBS
 fi
-
+{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_search_update_panels" >&5
+printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_search_update_panels" >&6; }
+ac_res=$ac_cv_search_update_panels
+if test "$ac_res" != no
+then :
+  test "$ac_res" = "none required" || LIBS="$ac_res $LIBS"
+  if test "x$have_panel" = xno
+then :
+  have_panel=yes
+       PANEL_LIBS=${PANEL_LIBS-"$ac_cv_search_update_panels"}
+fi
+else $as_nop
+  have_panel=no
 fi
 
 
-fi
-PANEL_CFLAGS=$(echo $PANEL_CFLAGS | sed 's/-D_XOPEN_SOURCE=600//g')
 
-{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking panel flags" >&5
-printf %s "checking panel flags... " >&6; }
-if test "x$have_panel" = xno
+
+if test "have_curses" != "no"
 then :
 
-  { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: no" >&5
-printf "%s\n" "no" >&6; }
+CURSES_CFLAGS=$(echo $CURSES_CFLAGS | sed 's/-D_XOPEN_SOURCE=600//g')
 
-else $as_nop
+if test "x$ac_sys_system" = xDarwin
+then :
 
-  { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $have_panel (CFLAGS: $PANEL_CFLAGS, LIBS: $PANEL_LIBS)" >&5
-printf "%s\n" "$have_panel (CFLAGS: $PANEL_CFLAGS, LIBS: $PANEL_LIBS)" >&6; }
 
-fi
+  as_fn_append CURSES_CFLAGS " -D_XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED=1"
 
-# first curses header check
-ac_save_cppflags="$CPPFLAGS"
-if test "$cross_compiling" = no; then
-  CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS -I/usr/include/ncursesw"
 fi
 
+PANEL_CFLAGS=$(echo $PANEL_CFLAGS | sed 's/-D_XOPEN_SOURCE=600//g')
+
 # On Solaris, term.h requires curses.h
 ac_fn_c_check_header_compile "$LINENO" "term.h" "ac_cv_header_term_h" "
-#ifdef HAVE_CURSES_H
-#include <curses.h>
+#define NCURSES_OPAQUE 0
+#if defined(HAVE_NCURSESW_NCURSES_H)
+#  include <ncursesw/ncurses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_NCURSESW_CURSES_H)
+#  include <ncursesw/curses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_NCURSES_NCURSES_H)
+#  include <ncurses/ncurses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_NCURSES_CURSES_H)
+#  include <ncurses/curses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_NCURSES_H)
+#  include <ncurses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_CURSES_H)
+#  include <curses.h>
 #endif
 
 "
@@ -26757,7 +27034,22 @@ then :
 else $as_nop
   cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
 /* end confdefs.h.  */
-#include <curses.h>
+
+#define NCURSES_OPAQUE 0
+#if defined(HAVE_NCURSESW_NCURSES_H)
+#  include <ncursesw/ncurses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_NCURSESW_CURSES_H)
+#  include <ncursesw/curses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_NCURSES_NCURSES_H)
+#  include <ncurses/ncurses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_NCURSES_CURSES_H)
+#  include <ncurses/curses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_NCURSES_H)
+#  include <ncurses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_CURSES_H)
+#  include <curses.h>
+#endif
+
 int
 main (void)
 {
@@ -26787,10 +27079,6 @@ printf "%s\n" "#define MVWDELCH_IS_EXPRESSION 1" >>confdefs.h
 
 fi
 
-# Issue #25720: ncurses has introduced the NCURSES_OPAQUE symbol making opaque
-# structs since version 5.7.  If the macro is defined as zero before including
-# [n]curses.h, ncurses will expose fields of the structs regardless of the
-# configuration.
 { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking whether WINDOW has _flags" >&5
 printf %s "checking whether WINDOW has _flags... " >&6; }
 if test ${ac_cv_window_has_flags+y}
@@ -26800,8 +27088,20 @@ else $as_nop
   cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
 /* end confdefs.h.  */
 
-  #define NCURSES_OPAQUE 0
-  #include <curses.h>
+#define NCURSES_OPAQUE 0
+#if defined(HAVE_NCURSESW_NCURSES_H)
+#  include <ncursesw/ncurses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_NCURSESW_CURSES_H)
+#  include <ncursesw/curses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_NCURSES_NCURSES_H)
+#  include <ncurses/ncurses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_NCURSES_CURSES_H)
+#  include <ncurses/curses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_NCURSES_H)
+#  include <ncurses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_CURSES_H)
+#  include <curses.h>
+#endif
 
 int
 main (void)
@@ -26846,8 +27146,20 @@ else $as_nop
   cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
 /* end confdefs.h.  */
 
-        #define NCURSES_OPAQUE 0
-        #include <curses.h>
+#define NCURSES_OPAQUE 0
+#if defined(HAVE_NCURSESW_NCURSES_H)
+#  include <ncursesw/ncurses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_NCURSESW_CURSES_H)
+#  include <ncursesw/curses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_NCURSES_NCURSES_H)
+#  include <ncurses/ncurses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_NCURSES_CURSES_H)
+#  include <ncurses/curses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_NCURSES_H)
+#  include <ncurses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_CURSES_H)
+#  include <curses.h>
+#endif
 
 int
 main (void)
@@ -26892,8 +27204,20 @@ else $as_nop
   cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
 /* end confdefs.h.  */
 
-        #define NCURSES_OPAQUE 0
-        #include <curses.h>
+#define NCURSES_OPAQUE 0
+#if defined(HAVE_NCURSESW_NCURSES_H)
+#  include <ncursesw/ncurses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_NCURSESW_CURSES_H)
+#  include <ncursesw/curses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_NCURSES_NCURSES_H)
+#  include <ncurses/ncurses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_NCURSES_CURSES_H)
+#  include <ncurses/curses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_NCURSES_H)
+#  include <ncurses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_CURSES_H)
+#  include <curses.h>
+#endif
 
 int
 main (void)
@@ -26938,8 +27262,20 @@ else $as_nop
   cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
 /* end confdefs.h.  */
 
-        #define NCURSES_OPAQUE 0
-        #include <curses.h>
+#define NCURSES_OPAQUE 0
+#if defined(HAVE_NCURSESW_NCURSES_H)
+#  include <ncursesw/ncurses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_NCURSESW_CURSES_H)
+#  include <ncursesw/curses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_NCURSES_NCURSES_H)
+#  include <ncurses/ncurses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_NCURSES_CURSES_H)
+#  include <ncurses/curses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_NCURSES_H)
+#  include <ncurses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_CURSES_H)
+#  include <curses.h>
+#endif
 
 int
 main (void)
@@ -26984,8 +27320,20 @@ else $as_nop
   cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
 /* end confdefs.h.  */
 
-        #define NCURSES_OPAQUE 0
-        #include <curses.h>
+#define NCURSES_OPAQUE 0
+#if defined(HAVE_NCURSESW_NCURSES_H)
+#  include <ncursesw/ncurses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_NCURSESW_CURSES_H)
+#  include <ncursesw/curses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_NCURSES_NCURSES_H)
+#  include <ncurses/ncurses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_NCURSES_CURSES_H)
+#  include <ncurses/curses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_NCURSES_H)
+#  include <ncurses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_CURSES_H)
+#  include <curses.h>
+#endif
 
 int
 main (void)
@@ -27030,8 +27378,20 @@ else $as_nop
   cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
 /* end confdefs.h.  */
 
-        #define NCURSES_OPAQUE 0
-        #include <curses.h>
+#define NCURSES_OPAQUE 0
+#if defined(HAVE_NCURSESW_NCURSES_H)
+#  include <ncursesw/ncurses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_NCURSESW_CURSES_H)
+#  include <ncursesw/curses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_NCURSES_NCURSES_H)
+#  include <ncurses/ncurses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_NCURSES_CURSES_H)
+#  include <ncurses/curses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_NCURSES_H)
+#  include <ncurses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_CURSES_H)
+#  include <curses.h>
+#endif
 
 int
 main (void)
@@ -27076,8 +27436,20 @@ else $as_nop
   cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
 /* end confdefs.h.  */
 
-        #define NCURSES_OPAQUE 0
-        #include <curses.h>
+#define NCURSES_OPAQUE 0
+#if defined(HAVE_NCURSESW_NCURSES_H)
+#  include <ncursesw/ncurses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_NCURSESW_CURSES_H)
+#  include <ncursesw/curses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_NCURSES_NCURSES_H)
+#  include <ncurses/ncurses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_NCURSES_CURSES_H)
+#  include <ncurses/curses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_NCURSES_H)
+#  include <ncurses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_CURSES_H)
+#  include <curses.h>
+#endif
 
 int
 main (void)
@@ -27122,8 +27494,20 @@ else $as_nop
   cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
 /* end confdefs.h.  */
 
-        #define NCURSES_OPAQUE 0
-        #include <curses.h>
+#define NCURSES_OPAQUE 0
+#if defined(HAVE_NCURSESW_NCURSES_H)
+#  include <ncursesw/ncurses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_NCURSESW_CURSES_H)
+#  include <ncursesw/curses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_NCURSES_NCURSES_H)
+#  include <ncurses/ncurses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_NCURSES_CURSES_H)
+#  include <ncurses/curses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_NCURSES_H)
+#  include <ncurses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_CURSES_H)
+#  include <curses.h>
+#endif
 
 int
 main (void)
@@ -27168,8 +27552,20 @@ else $as_nop
   cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
 /* end confdefs.h.  */
 
-        #define NCURSES_OPAQUE 0
-        #include <curses.h>
+#define NCURSES_OPAQUE 0
+#if defined(HAVE_NCURSESW_NCURSES_H)
+#  include <ncursesw/ncurses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_NCURSESW_CURSES_H)
+#  include <ncursesw/curses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_NCURSES_NCURSES_H)
+#  include <ncurses/ncurses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_NCURSES_CURSES_H)
+#  include <ncurses/curses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_NCURSES_H)
+#  include <ncurses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_CURSES_H)
+#  include <curses.h>
+#endif
 
 int
 main (void)
@@ -27214,8 +27610,20 @@ else $as_nop
   cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
 /* end confdefs.h.  */
 
-        #define NCURSES_OPAQUE 0
-        #include <curses.h>
+#define NCURSES_OPAQUE 0
+#if defined(HAVE_NCURSESW_NCURSES_H)
+#  include <ncursesw/ncurses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_NCURSESW_CURSES_H)
+#  include <ncursesw/curses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_NCURSES_NCURSES_H)
+#  include <ncurses/ncurses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_NCURSES_CURSES_H)
+#  include <ncurses/curses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_NCURSES_H)
+#  include <ncurses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_CURSES_H)
+#  include <curses.h>
+#endif
 
 int
 main (void)
@@ -27260,8 +27668,20 @@ else $as_nop
   cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
 /* end confdefs.h.  */
 
-        #define NCURSES_OPAQUE 0
-        #include <curses.h>
+#define NCURSES_OPAQUE 0
+#if defined(HAVE_NCURSESW_NCURSES_H)
+#  include <ncursesw/ncurses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_NCURSESW_CURSES_H)
+#  include <ncursesw/curses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_NCURSES_NCURSES_H)
+#  include <ncurses/ncurses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_NCURSES_CURSES_H)
+#  include <ncurses/curses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_NCURSES_H)
+#  include <ncurses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_CURSES_H)
+#  include <curses.h>
+#endif
 
 int
 main (void)
@@ -27306,8 +27726,20 @@ else $as_nop
   cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
 /* end confdefs.h.  */
 
-        #define NCURSES_OPAQUE 0
-        #include <curses.h>
+#define NCURSES_OPAQUE 0
+#if defined(HAVE_NCURSESW_NCURSES_H)
+#  include <ncursesw/ncurses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_NCURSESW_CURSES_H)
+#  include <ncursesw/curses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_NCURSES_NCURSES_H)
+#  include <ncurses/ncurses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_NCURSES_CURSES_H)
+#  include <ncurses/curses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_NCURSES_H)
+#  include <ncurses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_CURSES_H)
+#  include <curses.h>
+#endif
 
 int
 main (void)
@@ -27343,6 +27775,13 @@ fi
 
 CPPFLAGS=$ac_save_cppflags
 
+fi
+CFLAGS=$save_CFLAGS
+CPPFLAGS=$save_CPPFLAGS
+LDFLAGS=$save_LDFLAGS
+LIBS=$save_LIBS
+
+
 { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for device files" >&5
 printf "%s\n" "$as_me: checking for device files" >&6;}
 
@@ -28534,9 +28973,6 @@ fi
 
 # builtin hash modules
 default_hashlib_hashes="md5,sha1,sha2,sha3,blake2"
-
-printf "%s\n" "#define PY_BUILTIN_HASHLIB_HASHES /**/" >>confdefs.h
-
 { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for --with-builtin-hashlib-hashes" >&5
 printf %s "checking for --with-builtin-hashlib-hashes... " >&6; }
 
@@ -28561,6 +28997,7 @@ fi
 
 { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $with_builtin_hashlib_hashes" >&5
 printf "%s\n" "$with_builtin_hashlib_hashes" >&6; }
+
 printf "%s\n" "#define PY_BUILTIN_HASHLIB_HASHES \"$with_builtin_hashlib_hashes\"" >>confdefs.h
 
 
@@ -28585,88 +29022,6 @@ esac
 done
 IFS=$as_save_IFS
 
-if test "x$with_builtin_blake2" = xyes
-then :
-
-
-pkg_failed=no
-{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for libb2" >&5
-printf %s "checking for libb2... " >&6; }
-
-if test -n "$LIBB2_CFLAGS"; then
-    pkg_cv_LIBB2_CFLAGS="$LIBB2_CFLAGS"
- elif test -n "$PKG_CONFIG"; then
-    if test -n "$PKG_CONFIG" && \
-    { { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: \$PKG_CONFIG --exists --print-errors \"libb2\""; } >&5
-  ($PKG_CONFIG --exists --print-errors "libb2") 2>&5
-  ac_status=$?
-  printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: \$? = $ac_status" >&5
-  test $ac_status = 0; }; then
-  pkg_cv_LIBB2_CFLAGS=`$PKG_CONFIG --cflags "libb2" 2>/dev/null`
-		      test "x$?" != "x0" && pkg_failed=yes
-else
-  pkg_failed=yes
-fi
- else
-    pkg_failed=untried
-fi
-if test -n "$LIBB2_LIBS"; then
-    pkg_cv_LIBB2_LIBS="$LIBB2_LIBS"
- elif test -n "$PKG_CONFIG"; then
-    if test -n "$PKG_CONFIG" && \
-    { { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: \$PKG_CONFIG --exists --print-errors \"libb2\""; } >&5
-  ($PKG_CONFIG --exists --print-errors "libb2") 2>&5
-  ac_status=$?
-  printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: \$? = $ac_status" >&5
-  test $ac_status = 0; }; then
-  pkg_cv_LIBB2_LIBS=`$PKG_CONFIG --libs "libb2" 2>/dev/null`
-		      test "x$?" != "x0" && pkg_failed=yes
-else
-  pkg_failed=yes
-fi
- else
-    pkg_failed=untried
-fi
-
-
-
-if test $pkg_failed = yes; then
-        { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: no" >&5
-printf "%s\n" "no" >&6; }
-
-if $PKG_CONFIG --atleast-pkgconfig-version 0.20; then
-        _pkg_short_errors_supported=yes
-else
-        _pkg_short_errors_supported=no
-fi
-        if test $_pkg_short_errors_supported = yes; then
-	        LIBB2_PKG_ERRORS=`$PKG_CONFIG --short-errors --print-errors --cflags --libs "libb2" 2>&1`
-        else
-	        LIBB2_PKG_ERRORS=`$PKG_CONFIG --print-errors --cflags --libs "libb2" 2>&1`
-        fi
-	# Put the nasty error message in config.log where it belongs
-	echo "$LIBB2_PKG_ERRORS" >&5
-
-	have_libb2=no
-elif test $pkg_failed = untried; then
-        { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: no" >&5
-printf "%s\n" "no" >&6; }
-	have_libb2=no
-else
-	LIBB2_CFLAGS=$pkg_cv_LIBB2_CFLAGS
-	LIBB2_LIBS=$pkg_cv_LIBB2_LIBS
-        { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: yes" >&5
-printf "%s\n" "yes" >&6; }
-
-    have_libb2=yes
-
-printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_LIBB2 1" >>confdefs.h
-
-
-fi
-
-fi
-
 # Check whether to disable test modules. Once set, setup.py will not build
 # test extension modules and "make install" will not install test suites.
 { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for --disable-test-modules" >&5
@@ -28720,10 +29075,6 @@ printf %s "checking whether libatomic is needed by <pyatomic.h>... " >&6; }
 if test ${ac_cv_libatomic_needed+y}
 then :
   printf %s "(cached) " >&6
-else $as_nop
-  if test "$cross_compiling" = yes
-then :
-    ac_cv_libatomic_needed=no
 else $as_nop
   cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
 /* end confdefs.h.  */
@@ -28765,16 +29116,14 @@ int main()
 }
 
 _ACEOF
-if ac_fn_c_try_run "$LINENO"
+if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO"
 then :
   ac_cv_libatomic_needed=no
 else $as_nop
     ac_cv_libatomic_needed=yes
 fi
-rm -f core *.core core.conftest.* gmon.out bb.out conftest$ac_exeext \
-  conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext
-fi
-
+rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \
+    conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext
 fi
 { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_libatomic_needed" >&5
 printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_libatomic_needed" >&6; }
@@ -29143,28 +29492,6 @@ then :
 
 
 
-fi
-
-
-        if test "$py_cv_module__opcode" != "n/a"
-then :
-  py_cv_module__opcode=yes
-fi
-   if test "$py_cv_module__opcode" = yes; then
-  MODULE__OPCODE_TRUE=
-  MODULE__OPCODE_FALSE='#'
-else
-  MODULE__OPCODE_TRUE='#'
-  MODULE__OPCODE_FALSE=
-fi
-
-  as_fn_append MODULE_BLOCK "MODULE__OPCODE_STATE=$py_cv_module__opcode$as_nl"
-  if test "x$py_cv_module__opcode" = xyes
-then :
-
-
-
-
 fi
 
 
@@ -30198,7 +30525,7 @@ fi
   if test "x$py_cv_module__md5" = xyes
 then :
 
-    as_fn_append MODULE_BLOCK "MODULE__MD5_CFLAGS=-I\$(srcdir)/Modules/_hacl/include -I\$(srcdir)/Modules/_hacl/internal -D_BSD_SOURCE -D_DEFAULT_SOURCE$as_nl"
+
 
 
 fi
@@ -30236,7 +30563,7 @@ fi
   if test "x$py_cv_module__sha1" = xyes
 then :
 
-    as_fn_append MODULE_BLOCK "MODULE__SHA1_CFLAGS=-I\$(srcdir)/Modules/_hacl/include -I\$(srcdir)/Modules/_hacl/internal -D_BSD_SOURCE -D_DEFAULT_SOURCE$as_nl"
+
 
 
 fi
@@ -30274,7 +30601,7 @@ fi
   if test "x$py_cv_module__sha2" = xyes
 then :
 
-    as_fn_append MODULE_BLOCK "MODULE__SHA2_CFLAGS=-I\$(srcdir)/Modules/_hacl/include -I\$(srcdir)/Modules/_hacl/internal -D_BSD_SOURCE -D_DEFAULT_SOURCE$as_nl"
+
 
 
 fi
@@ -30350,8 +30677,8 @@ fi
   if test "x$py_cv_module__blake2" = xyes
 then :
 
-    as_fn_append MODULE_BLOCK "MODULE__BLAKE2_CFLAGS=$LIBB2_CFLAGS$as_nl"
-    as_fn_append MODULE_BLOCK "MODULE__BLAKE2_LDFLAGS=$LIBB2_LIBS$as_nl"
+
+
 
 fi
    if test "$py_cv_module__blake2" = yes; then
@@ -30366,6 +30693,153 @@ fi
 printf "%s\n" "$py_cv_module__blake2" >&6; }
 
 
+LIBHACL_CFLAGS='-I$(srcdir)/Modules/_hacl -I$(srcdir)/Modules/_hacl/include -D_BSD_SOURCE -D_DEFAULT_SOURCE $(PY_STDMODULE_CFLAGS) $(CCSHARED)'
+case "$ac_sys_system" in
+  Linux*)
+    if test "$ac_cv_func_explicit_bzero" = "no"; then
+      LIBHACL_CFLAGS="$LIBHACL_CFLAGS -DLINUX_NO_EXPLICIT_BZERO"
+    fi
+  ;;
+esac
+
+
+# The SIMD files use aligned_alloc, which is not available on older versions of
+# Android.
+if test "$ac_sys_system" != "Linux-android" || test "$ANDROID_API_LEVEL" -ge 28; then
+    { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking whether C compiler accepts -msse -msse2 -msse3 -msse4.1 -msse4.2" >&5
+printf %s "checking whether C compiler accepts -msse -msse2 -msse3 -msse4.1 -msse4.2... " >&6; }
+if test ${ax_cv_check_cflags__Werror__msse__msse2__msse3__msse4_1__msse4_2+y}
+then :
+  printf %s "(cached) " >&6
+else $as_nop
+
+  ax_check_save_flags=$CFLAGS
+  CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -Werror -msse -msse2 -msse3 -msse4.1 -msse4.2"
+  cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
+/* end confdefs.h.  */
+
+int
+main (void)
+{
+
+  ;
+  return 0;
+}
+_ACEOF
+if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO"
+then :
+  ax_cv_check_cflags__Werror__msse__msse2__msse3__msse4_1__msse4_2=yes
+else $as_nop
+  ax_cv_check_cflags__Werror__msse__msse2__msse3__msse4_1__msse4_2=no
+fi
+rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext
+  CFLAGS=$ax_check_save_flags
+fi
+{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ax_cv_check_cflags__Werror__msse__msse2__msse3__msse4_1__msse4_2" >&5
+printf "%s\n" "$ax_cv_check_cflags__Werror__msse__msse2__msse3__msse4_1__msse4_2" >&6; }
+if test "x$ax_cv_check_cflags__Werror__msse__msse2__msse3__msse4_1__msse4_2" = xyes
+then :
+
+    LIBHACL_SIMD128_FLAGS="-msse -msse2 -msse3 -msse4.1 -msse4.2"
+
+
+printf "%s\n" "#define HACL_CAN_COMPILE_SIMD128 1" >>confdefs.h
+
+
+    # macOS universal2 builds *support* the -msse etc flags because they're
+    # available on x86_64. However, performance of the HACL SIMD128 implementation
+    # isn't great, so it's disabled on ARM64.
+    { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for HACL* SIMD128 implementation" >&5
+printf %s "checking for HACL* SIMD128 implementation... " >&6; }
+    if test "$UNIVERSAL_ARCHS" == "universal2"; then
+      LIBHACL_SIMD128_OBJS="Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_universal2.o"
+      { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: universal2" >&5
+printf "%s\n" "universal2" >&6; }
+    else
+      LIBHACL_SIMD128_OBJS="Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128.o"
+      { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: standard" >&5
+printf "%s\n" "standard" >&6; }
+    fi
+
+
+else $as_nop
+  :
+fi
+
+fi
+
+
+
+# The SIMD files use aligned_alloc, which is not available on older versions of
+# Android.
+#
+# Although AVX support is not guaranteed on Android
+# (https://developer.android.com/ndk/guides/abis#86-64), this is safe because we do a
+# runtime CPUID check.
+if test "$ac_sys_system" != "Linux-android" || test "$ANDROID_API_LEVEL" -ge 28; then
+  { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking whether C compiler accepts -mavx2" >&5
+printf %s "checking whether C compiler accepts -mavx2... " >&6; }
+if test ${ax_cv_check_cflags__Werror__mavx2+y}
+then :
+  printf %s "(cached) " >&6
+else $as_nop
+
+  ax_check_save_flags=$CFLAGS
+  CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -Werror -mavx2"
+  cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
+/* end confdefs.h.  */
+
+int
+main (void)
+{
+
+  ;
+  return 0;
+}
+_ACEOF
+if ac_fn_c_try_compile "$LINENO"
+then :
+  ax_cv_check_cflags__Werror__mavx2=yes
+else $as_nop
+  ax_cv_check_cflags__Werror__mavx2=no
+fi
+rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam conftest.$ac_ext
+  CFLAGS=$ax_check_save_flags
+fi
+{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ax_cv_check_cflags__Werror__mavx2" >&5
+printf "%s\n" "$ax_cv_check_cflags__Werror__mavx2" >&6; }
+if test "x$ax_cv_check_cflags__Werror__mavx2" = xyes
+then :
+
+    LIBHACL_SIMD256_FLAGS="-mavx2"
+
+printf "%s\n" "#define HACL_CAN_COMPILE_SIMD256 1" >>confdefs.h
+
+
+    # macOS universal2 builds *support* the -mavx2 compiler flag because it's
+    # available on x86_64; but the HACL SIMD256 build then fails because the
+    # implementation requires symbols that aren't available on ARM64. Use a
+    # wrapped implementation if we're building for universal2.
+    { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for HACL* SIMD256 implementation" >&5
+printf %s "checking for HACL* SIMD256 implementation... " >&6; }
+    if test "$UNIVERSAL_ARCHS" == "universal2"; then
+      LIBHACL_SIMD256_OBJS="Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_universal2.o"
+      { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: universal2" >&5
+printf "%s\n" "universal2" >&6; }
+    else
+      LIBHACL_SIMD256_OBJS="Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256.o"
+      { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: standard" >&5
+printf "%s\n" "standard" >&6; }
+    fi
+
+else $as_nop
+  :
+fi
+
+fi
+
+
+
 
   { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for stdlib extension module _ctypes" >&5
 printf %s "checking for stdlib extension module _ctypes... " >&6; }
@@ -30412,7 +30886,7 @@ then :
 
     if true
 then :
-  if test "$have_curses" != "no"
+  if test "$have_curses" = "yes"
 then :
   py_cv_module__curses=yes
 else $as_nop
@@ -30451,7 +30925,7 @@ then :
 
     if true
 then :
-  if test "$have_panel" != "no"
+  if test "$have_curses" = "yes" && test "$have_panel" = "yes"
 then :
   py_cv_module__curses_panel=yes
 else $as_nop
@@ -31442,8 +31916,8 @@ fi
   if test "x$py_cv_module__ctypes_test" = xyes
 then :
 
-
-    as_fn_append MODULE_BLOCK "MODULE__CTYPES_TEST_LDFLAGS=$LIBM$as_nl"
+    as_fn_append MODULE_BLOCK "MODULE__CTYPES_TEST_CFLAGS=$LIBFFI_CFLAGS$as_nl"
+    as_fn_append MODULE_BLOCK "MODULE__CTYPES_TEST_LDFLAGS=$LIBFFI_LIBS $LIBM$as_nl"
 
 fi
    if test "$py_cv_module__ctypes_test" = yes; then
@@ -31696,10 +32170,6 @@ if test -z "${MODULE__LSPROF_TRUE}" && test -z "${MODULE__LSPROF_FALSE}"; then
   as_fn_error $? "conditional \"MODULE__LSPROF\" was never defined.
 Usually this means the macro was only invoked conditionally." "$LINENO" 5
 fi
-if test -z "${MODULE__OPCODE_TRUE}" && test -z "${MODULE__OPCODE_FALSE}"; then
-  as_fn_error $? "conditional \"MODULE__OPCODE\" was never defined.
-Usually this means the macro was only invoked conditionally." "$LINENO" 5
-fi
 if test -z "${MODULE__PICKLE_TRUE}" && test -z "${MODULE__PICKLE_FALSE}"; then
   as_fn_error $? "conditional \"MODULE__PICKLE\" was never defined.
 Usually this means the macro was only invoked conditionally." "$LINENO" 5
diff --git a/configure.ac b/configure.ac
index 41023ab92bad81..1534144bab3400 100644
--- a/configure.ac
+++ b/configure.ac
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ AC_ARG_WITH([build-python],
     dnl Build Python interpreter is used for regeneration and freezing.
     ac_cv_prog_PYTHON_FOR_REGEN=$with_build_python
     PYTHON_FOR_FREEZE="$with_build_python"
-    PYTHON_FOR_BUILD='_PYTHON_PROJECT_BASE=$(abs_builddir) _PYTHON_HOST_PLATFORM=$(_PYTHON_HOST_PLATFORM) PYTHONPATH=$(shell test -f pybuilddir.txt && echo $(abs_builddir)/`cat pybuilddir.txt`:)$(srcdir)/Lib _PYTHON_SYSCONFIGDATA_NAME=_sysconfigdata_$(ABIFLAGS)_$(MACHDEP)_$(MULTIARCH) '$with_build_python
+    PYTHON_FOR_BUILD='_PYTHON_PROJECT_BASE=$(abs_builddir) _PYTHON_HOST_PLATFORM=$(_PYTHON_HOST_PLATFORM) PYTHONPATH=$(srcdir)/Lib _PYTHON_SYSCONFIGDATA_NAME=_sysconfigdata_$(ABIFLAGS)_$(MACHDEP)_$(MULTIARCH) _PYTHON_SYSCONFIGDATA_PATH=$(shell test -f pybuilddir.txt && echo $(abs_builddir)/`cat pybuilddir.txt`) '$with_build_python
     AC_MSG_RESULT([$with_build_python])
   ], [
     AS_VAR_IF([cross_compiling], [yes],
@@ -382,7 +382,7 @@ AC_MSG_RESULT(["$MACHDEP"])
 # On cross-compile builds, configure will look for a host-specific compiler by
 # prepending the user-provided host triple to the required binary name.
 #
-# On iOS, this results in binaries like "arm64-apple-ios12.0-simulator-gcc",
+# On iOS, this results in binaries like "arm64-apple-ios13.0-simulator-gcc",
 # which isn't a binary that exists, and isn't very convenient, as it contains the
 # iOS version. As the default cross-compiler name won't exist, configure falls
 # back to gcc, which *definitely* won't work. We're providing wrapper scripts for
@@ -418,9 +418,9 @@ if test -z "$CPP"; then
 fi
 if test -z "$CXX"; then
 	case "$host" in
-		aarch64-apple-ios*-simulator) CXX=arm64-apple-ios-simulator-clang ;;
-		aarch64-apple-ios*)           CXX=arm64-apple-ios-clang ;;
-		x86_64-apple-ios*-simulator)  CXX=x86_64-apple-ios-simulator-clang ;;
+		aarch64-apple-ios*-simulator) CXX=arm64-apple-ios-simulator-clang++ ;;
+		aarch64-apple-ios*)           CXX=arm64-apple-ios-clang++ ;;
+		x86_64-apple-ios*-simulator)  CXX=x86_64-apple-ios-simulator-clang++ ;;
 		*)
 	esac
 fi
@@ -695,6 +695,47 @@ AC_SUBST([INSTALLTARGETS])
 AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED([_PYTHONFRAMEWORK], ["${PYTHONFRAMEWORK}"],
                    [framework name])
 
+dnl quadrigraphs "@<:@" and "@:>@" produce "[" and "]" in the output
+AC_MSG_CHECKING([for --with-app-store-compliance])
+AC_ARG_WITH(
+  [app_store_compliance],
+  [AS_HELP_STRING(
+    [--with-app-store-compliance=@<:@PATCH-FILE@:>@],
+    [Enable any patches required for compiliance with app stores.
+     Optional PATCH-FILE specifies the custom patch to apply.]
+  )],[
+    case "$withval" in
+    yes)
+      case $ac_sys_system in
+        Darwin|iOS)
+          # iOS is able to share the macOS patch
+          APP_STORE_COMPLIANCE_PATCH="Mac/Resources/app-store-compliance.patch"
+          ;;
+        *) AC_MSG_ERROR([no default app store compliance patch available for $ac_sys_system]) ;;
+      esac
+      AC_MSG_RESULT([applying default app store compliance patch])
+      ;;
+    *)
+      APP_STORE_COMPLIANCE_PATCH="${withval}"
+      AC_MSG_RESULT([applying custom app store compliance patch])
+      ;;
+    esac
+  ],[
+    case $ac_sys_system in
+      iOS)
+        # Always apply the compliance patch on iOS; we can use the macOS patch
+        APP_STORE_COMPLIANCE_PATCH="Mac/Resources/app-store-compliance.patch"
+        AC_MSG_RESULT([applying default app store compliance patch])
+        ;;
+      *)
+        # No default app compliance patching on any other platform
+        APP_STORE_COMPLIANCE_PATCH=
+        AC_MSG_RESULT([not patching for app store compliance])
+        ;;
+    esac
+])
+AC_SUBST([APP_STORE_COMPLIANCE_PATCH])
+
 AC_SUBST([_PYTHON_HOST_PLATFORM])
 if test "$cross_compiling" = yes; then
 	case "$host" in
@@ -716,8 +757,10 @@ if test "$cross_compiling" = yes; then
 		_host_device=${_host_device:=os}
 
 		# IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET is the minimum supported iOS version
-		IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=${_host_os:3}
-		IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=${IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET:=12.0}
+		AC_MSG_CHECKING([iOS deployment target])
+		IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=$(echo ${_host_os} | cut -c4-)
+		IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=${IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET:=13.0}
+		AC_MSG_RESULT([$IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET])
 
 		case "$host_cpu" in
 			aarch64)
@@ -1296,6 +1339,9 @@ AC_ARG_WITH([suffix],
 ])
 AC_MSG_RESULT([$EXEEXT])
 
+# Make sure we keep EXEEXT and ac_exeext sync'ed.
+AS_VAR_SET([ac_exeext], [$EXEEXT])
+
 # Test whether we're running on a non-case-sensitive system, in which
 # case we give a warning if no ext is given
 AC_SUBST([BUILDEXEEXT])
@@ -1607,9 +1653,9 @@ then
       AS_VAR_IF([host_cpu], [wasm64], [AS_VAR_APPEND([HOSTRUNNER], [" --experimental-wasm-memory64"])])
     ],
     dnl TODO: support other WASI runtimes
-    dnl wasmtime starts the proces with "/" as CWD. For OOT builds add the
+    dnl wasmtime starts the process with "/" as CWD. For OOT builds add the
     dnl directory containing _sysconfigdata to PYTHONPATH.
-    [WASI/*], [HOSTRUNNER='wasmtime run --wasm max-wasm-stack=8388608 --wasi preview2 --env PYTHONPATH=/$(shell realpath --relative-to $(abs_srcdir) $(abs_builddir))/$(shell cat pybuilddir.txt):/Lib --dir $(srcdir)::/'],
+    [WASI/*], [HOSTRUNNER='wasmtime run --wasm max-wasm-stack=16777216 --wasi preview2 --env PYTHONPATH=/$(shell realpath --relative-to $(abs_srcdir) $(abs_builddir))/$(shell cat pybuilddir.txt):/Lib --dir $(srcdir)::/'],
     [HOSTRUNNER='']
   )
 fi
@@ -1681,7 +1727,9 @@ fi
 
 # For calculating the .so ABI tag.
 AC_SUBST([ABIFLAGS])
+AC_SUBST([ABI_THREAD])
 ABIFLAGS=""
+ABI_THREAD=""
 
 # Check for --disable-gil
 # --disable-gil
@@ -1698,6 +1746,7 @@ then
             [Define if you want to disable the GIL])
   # Add "t" for "threaded"
   ABIFLAGS="${ABIFLAGS}t"
+  ABI_THREAD="t"
 fi
 
 # Check for --with-pydebug
@@ -1731,6 +1780,10 @@ then
             [Define if you want to enable tracing references for debugging purpose])
 fi
 
+if test "$disable_gil" = "yes" -a "$with_trace_refs" = "yes";
+then
+  AC_MSG_ERROR([--disable-gil cannot be used with --with-trace-refs])
+fi
 
 # Check for --enable-pystats
 AC_MSG_CHECKING([for --enable-pystats])
@@ -2289,6 +2342,11 @@ PYDEBUG_CFLAGS="-O0"
 AS_VAR_IF([ac_cv_cc_supports_og], [yes],
           [PYDEBUG_CFLAGS="-Og"])
 
+# gh-120688: WASI uses -O3 in debug mode to support more recursive calls
+if test "$ac_sys_system" = "WASI"; then
+    PYDEBUG_CFLAGS="-O3"
+fi
+
 # tweak OPT based on compiler and platform, only if the user didn't set
 # it on the command line
 AC_SUBST([OPT])
@@ -2403,10 +2461,10 @@ AS_CASE([$ac_sys_system],
       AS_VAR_APPEND([LDFLAGS_NODIST], [" -Wl,--max-memory=10485760"])
     ])
 
-    dnl gh-117645: Set the memory size to 20 MiB, the stack size to 8 MiB,
+    dnl gh-117645: Set the memory size to 40 MiB, the stack size to 16 MiB,
     dnl and move the stack first.
     dnl https://github.com/WebAssembly/wasi-libc/issues/233
-    AS_VAR_APPEND([LDFLAGS_NODIST], [" -z stack-size=8388608 -Wl,--stack-first -Wl,--initial-memory=20971520"])
+    AS_VAR_APPEND([LDFLAGS_NODIST], [" -z stack-size=16777216 -Wl,--stack-first -Wl,--initial-memory=41943040"])
   ]
 )
 
@@ -2432,7 +2490,7 @@ AC_DEFUN([PY_CHECK_CC_WARNING], [
   AS_VAR_PUSHDEF([py_var], [ac_cv_$1_]m4_normalize($2)[_warning])
   AC_CACHE_CHECK([m4_ifblank([$3], [if we can $1 $CC $2 warning], [$3])], [py_var], [
     AS_VAR_COPY([py_cflags], [CFLAGS])
-    AS_VAR_APPEND([CFLAGS], ["-W$2 -Werror"])
+    AS_VAR_APPEND([CFLAGS], [" -W$2 -Werror"])
     AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[]], [[]])],
                       [AS_VAR_SET([py_var], [yes])],
                       [AS_VAR_SET([py_var], [no])])
@@ -2446,6 +2504,36 @@ AS_VAR_IF([with_strict_overflow], [yes],
           [BASECFLAGS="$BASECFLAGS $STRICT_OVERFLOW_CFLAGS"],
           [BASECFLAGS="$BASECFLAGS $NO_STRICT_OVERFLOW_CFLAGS"])
 
+# Enable flags that warn and protect for potential security vulnerabilities.
+# These flags should be enabled by default for all builds.
+
+AC_MSG_CHECKING([for --enable-safety])
+AC_ARG_ENABLE([safety],
+  [AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-safety], [enable usage of the security compiler options with no performance overhead])],
+  [AS_VAR_IF([disable_safety], [yes], [enable_safety=no], [enable_safety=yes])], [enable_safety=no])
+AC_MSG_RESULT([$enable_safety])
+
+if test "$enable_safety" = "yes"
+then
+  AX_CHECK_COMPILE_FLAG([-fstack-protector-strong], [CFLAGS_NODIST="$CFLAGS_NODIST -fstack-protector-strong"], [AC_MSG_WARN([-fstack-protector-strong not supported])], [-Werror])
+  AX_CHECK_COMPILE_FLAG([-Wtrampolines], [CFLAGS_NODIST="$CFLAGS_NODIST -Wtrampolines"], [AC_MSG_WARN([-Wtrampolines not supported])], [-Werror])
+  AX_CHECK_COMPILE_FLAG([-Wimplicit-fallthrough], [CFLAGS_NODIST="$CFLAGS_NODIST -Wimplicit-fallthrough"], [AC_MSG_WARN([-Wimplicit-fallthrough not supported])], [-Werror])
+  AX_CHECK_COMPILE_FLAG([-Werror=format-security], [CFLAGS_NODIST="$CFLAGS_NODIST -Werror=format-security"], [AC_MSG_WARN([-Werror=format-security not supported])], [-Werror])
+  AX_CHECK_COMPILE_FLAG([-Wbidi-chars=any], [CFLAGS_NODIST="$CFLAGS_NODIST -Wbidi-chars=any"], [AC_MSG_WARN([-Wbidi-chars=any not supported])], [-Werror])
+  AX_CHECK_COMPILE_FLAG([-Wall], [CFLAGS_NODIST="$CFLAGS_NODIST -Wall"], [AC_MSG_WARN([-Wall not supported])], [-Werror])
+fi
+
+AC_MSG_CHECKING([for --enable-slower-safety])
+AC_ARG_ENABLE([slower-safety],
+  [AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-slower-safety], [enable usage of the security compiler options with performance overhead])],
+  [AS_VAR_IF([disable_slower_safety], [yes], [enable_slower_safety=no], [enable_slower_safety=yes])], [enable_slower_safety=no])
+AC_MSG_RESULT([$enable_slower_safety])
+
+if test "$enable_slower_safety" = "yes"
+then
+  AX_CHECK_COMPILE_FLAG([-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=3], [CFLAGS_NODIST="$CFLAGS_NODIST -U_FORTIFY_SOURCE -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=3"], [AC_MSG_WARN([-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=3 not supported])], [-Werror])
+fi
+
 case $GCC in
 yes)
     CFLAGS_NODIST="$CFLAGS_NODIST -std=c11"
@@ -2928,7 +3016,7 @@ AC_DEFINE([STDC_HEADERS], [1],
 AC_CHECK_HEADERS([ \
   alloca.h asm/types.h bluetooth.h conio.h direct.h dlfcn.h endian.h errno.h fcntl.h grp.h \
   io.h langinfo.h libintl.h libutil.h linux/auxvec.h sys/auxv.h linux/fs.h linux/limits.h linux/memfd.h \
-  linux/random.h linux/soundcard.h \
+  linux/netfilter_ipv4.h linux/random.h linux/soundcard.h \
   linux/tipc.h linux/wait.h netdb.h net/ethernet.h netinet/in.h netpacket/packet.h poll.h process.h pthread.h pty.h \
   sched.h setjmp.h shadow.h signal.h spawn.h stropts.h sys/audioio.h sys/bsdtty.h sys/devpoll.h \
   sys/endian.h sys/epoll.h sys/event.h sys/eventfd.h sys/file.h sys/ioctl.h sys/kern_control.h \
@@ -3463,7 +3551,7 @@ then
 		LDCXXSHARED='$(CXX) -Wl,-G,-Bexport';;
 	WASI*)
 		AS_VAR_IF([enable_wasm_dynamic_linking], [yes], [
-			dnl not iplemented yet
+			dnl not implemented yet
 		]);;
 	CYGWIN*)
 		LDSHARED="gcc -shared -Wl,--enable-auto-image-base"
@@ -3636,7 +3724,7 @@ esac
 AC_MSG_RESULT([$SHLIBS])
 
 dnl perf trampoline is Linux specific and requires an arch-specific
-dnl trampoline in asssembly.
+dnl trampoline in assembly.
 AC_MSG_CHECKING([perf trampoline])
 AS_CASE([$PLATFORM_TRIPLET],
   [x86_64-linux-gnu], [perf_trampoline=yes],
@@ -3717,6 +3805,13 @@ AS_VAR_IF([have_uuid], [missing], [
   ])
 ])
 
+# gh-124228: While the libuuid library is available on NetBSD, it supports only UUID version 4.
+# This restriction inhibits the proper generation of time-based UUIDs.
+if test "$ac_sys_system" = "NetBSD"; then
+  have_uuid=missing
+  AC_DEFINE([HAVE_UUID_H], [0])
+fi
+
 AS_VAR_IF([have_uuid], [missing], [have_uuid=no])
 
 # 'Real Time' functions on Solaris
@@ -3757,6 +3852,35 @@ dnl The AIX_BUILDDATE is obtained from the kernel fileset - bos.mp64
 	*) ;;
 esac
 
+# check for _Complex C type
+#
+# Note that despite most compilers define __STDC_IEC_559_COMPLEX__ - almost
+# none properly support C11+ Annex G (where pure imaginary types
+# represented by _Imaginary are mandatory).  This is a bug (see e.g.
+# llvm/llvm-project#60269), so we don't rely on presence
+# of __STDC_IEC_559_COMPLEX__.
+AC_RUN_IFELSE([AC_LANG_SOURCE([[
+#include <complex.h>
+#define test(type, out)                                \
+{                                                      \
+    type complex z = 1 + 2*I; z = z*z;                 \
+    (out) = (out) || creal(z) != -3 || cimag(z) != 4;  \
+}
+int main(void)
+{
+   int res = 0;
+   test(float, res);
+   test(double, res);
+   test(long double, res);
+   return res;
+}]])], [ac_cv_c_complex_supported=yes],
+[ac_cv_c_complex_supported=no],
+[ac_cv_c_complex_supported=no])
+if test "$ac_cv_c_complex_supported" = "yes"; then
+    AC_DEFINE([Py_HAVE_C_COMPLEX], [1],
+              [Defined if _Complex C type is available.])
+fi
+
 # check for systems that require aligned memory access
 AC_CACHE_CHECK([aligned memory access is required], [ac_cv_aligned_required],
 [AC_RUN_IFELSE([AC_LANG_SOURCE([[
@@ -3968,6 +4092,46 @@ AS_VAR_IF([have_libffi], [yes], [
   ])
 ])
 
+# Check for libffi with real complex double support.
+# This is a workaround, since FFI_TARGET_HAS_COMPLEX_TYPE was defined in libffi v3.2.1,
+# but real support was provided only in libffi v3.3.0.
+# See https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/125206 for more details.
+#
+AC_CACHE_CHECK([libffi has complex type support], [ac_cv_ffi_complex_double_supported],
+[ac_save_cc="$CC"
+CC="$CC -lffi"
+AC_RUN_IFELSE([AC_LANG_SOURCE([[
+#include <complex.h>
+#include <ffi.h>
+int z_is_expected(double complex z)
+{
+    const double complex expected = CMPLX(1.25, -0.5);
+    return z == expected;
+}
+int main(void)
+{
+    double complex z = 1.25 - 0.5 * I;
+    ffi_type *args[1] = {&ffi_type_complex_double};
+    void *values[1] = {&z};
+    ffi_cif cif;
+    if (ffi_prep_cif(&cif, FFI_DEFAULT_ABI, 1,
+        &ffi_type_sint, args) != FFI_OK)
+    {
+        return 2;
+    }
+    ffi_arg rc;
+    ffi_call(&cif, FFI_FN(z_is_expected), &rc, values);
+    return !rc;
+}
+]])], [ac_cv_ffi_complex_double_supported=yes],
+[ac_cv_ffi_complex_double_supported=no],
+[ac_cv_ffi_complex_double_supported=no])
+CC="$ac_save_cc"])
+if test "$ac_cv_ffi_complex_double_supported" = "yes"; then
+    AC_DEFINE([Py_FFI_SUPPORT_C_COMPLEX], [1],
+              [Defined if _Complex C type can be used with libffi.])
+fi
+
 # Check for use of the system libmpdec library
 AC_MSG_CHECKING([for --with-system-libmpdec])
 AC_ARG_WITH(
@@ -4856,24 +5020,6 @@ then
 fi
 AC_MSG_RESULT([$with_pymalloc])
 
-# Check whether objects such as float, tuple and dict are using
-# freelists to optimization memory allocation.
-AC_MSG_CHECKING([for --with-freelists])
-AC_ARG_WITH(
-  [freelists],
-  [AS_HELP_STRING([--with-freelists], [enable object freelists (default is yes)])])
-
-if test -z "$with_freelists"
-then
-    with_freelists="yes"
-fi
-if test "$with_freelists" != "no"
-then
-    AC_DEFINE([WITH_FREELISTS], [1],
-     [Define if you want to compile in object freelists optimization])
-fi
-AC_MSG_RESULT([$with_freelists])
-
 # Check for --with-c-locale-coercion
 AC_MSG_CHECKING([for --with-c-locale-coercion])
 AC_ARG_WITH(
@@ -5819,7 +5965,7 @@ else
   # While Python doesn't currently have full support for these platforms
   # (see e.g., issue 1762561), we can at least make sure that float <-> string
   # conversions work.
-  # FLOAT_WORDS_BIGENDIAN doesnt actually detect this case, but if it's not big
+  # FLOAT_WORDS_BIGENDIAN doesn't actually detect this case, but if it's not big
   # or little, then it must be this?
   AC_DEFINE([DOUBLE_IS_ARM_MIXED_ENDIAN_IEEE754], [1],
   [Define if C doubles are 64-bit IEEE 754 binary format, stored
@@ -6118,16 +6264,19 @@ AC_MSG_CHECKING([LDVERSION])
 LDVERSION='$(VERSION)$(ABIFLAGS)'
 AC_MSG_RESULT([$LDVERSION])
 
-# Configure the flags and dependencies used when compiling shared modules
+# Configure the flags and dependencies used when compiling shared modules.
+# Do not rename LIBPYTHON - it's accessed via sysconfig by package build
+# systems (e.g. Meson) to decide whether to link extension modules against
+# libpython.
 AC_SUBST([MODULE_DEPS_SHARED])
-AC_SUBST([MODULE_LDFLAGS])
+AC_SUBST([LIBPYTHON])
 MODULE_DEPS_SHARED='$(MODULE_DEPS_STATIC) $(EXPORTSYMS)'
-MODULE_LDFLAGS=''
+LIBPYTHON=''
 
 # On Android and Cygwin the shared libraries must be linked with libpython.
 if test "$PY_ENABLE_SHARED" = "1" && ( test -n "$ANDROID_API_LEVEL" || test "$MACHDEP" = "cygwin"); then
   MODULE_DEPS_SHARED="$MODULE_DEPS_SHARED \$(LDLIBRARY)"
-  MODULE_LDFLAGS="\$(BLDLIBRARY)"
+  LIBPYTHON="\$(BLDLIBRARY)"
 fi
 
 # On iOS the shared libraries must be linked with the Python framework
@@ -6137,11 +6286,11 @@ fi
 
 
 AC_SUBST([BINLIBDEST])
-BINLIBDEST='$(LIBDIR)/python$(VERSION)'
+BINLIBDEST='$(LIBDIR)/python$(VERSION)$(ABI_THREAD)'
 
 
 # Check for --with-platlibdir
-# /usr/$LIDIRNAME/python$VERSION
+# /usr/$PLATLIBDIR/python$(VERSION)$(ABI_THREAD)
 AC_SUBST([PLATLIBDIR])
 PLATLIBDIR="lib"
 AC_MSG_CHECKING([for --with-platlibdir])
@@ -6160,7 +6309,7 @@ if test -n "$withval" -a "$withval" != yes -a "$withval" != no
 then
   AC_MSG_RESULT([yes])
   PLATLIBDIR="$withval"
-  BINLIBDEST='${exec_prefix}/${PLATLIBDIR}/python$(VERSION)'
+  BINLIBDEST='${exec_prefix}/${PLATLIBDIR}/python$(VERSION)$(ABI_THREAD)'
 else
   AC_MSG_RESULT([no])
 fi],
@@ -6170,9 +6319,9 @@ fi],
 dnl define LIBPL after ABIFLAGS and LDVERSION is defined.
 AC_SUBST([PY_ENABLE_SHARED])
 if test x$PLATFORM_TRIPLET = x; then
-  LIBPL='$(prefix)'"/${PLATLIBDIR}/python${VERSION}/config-${LDVERSION}"
+  LIBPL='$(prefix)'"/${PLATLIBDIR}/python${VERSION}${ABI_THREAD}/config-${LDVERSION}"
 else
-  LIBPL='$(prefix)'"/${PLATLIBDIR}/python${VERSION}/config-${LDVERSION}-${PLATFORM_TRIPLET}"
+  LIBPL='$(prefix)'"/${PLATLIBDIR}/python${VERSION}${ABI_THREAD}/config-${LDVERSION}-${PLATFORM_TRIPLET}"
 fi
 AC_SUBST([LIBPL])
 
@@ -6566,55 +6715,144 @@ then
   [Define if you have struct stat.st_mtimensec])
 fi
 
-dnl check for ncurses/ncursesw and panel/panelw
+AC_CACHE_CHECK([whether year with century should be normalized for strftime], [ac_cv_normalize_century], [
+AC_RUN_IFELSE([AC_LANG_SOURCE([[
+#include <time.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+int main(void)
+{
+  char year[5];
+  struct tm date = {
+    .tm_year = -1801,
+    .tm_mon = 0,
+    .tm_mday = 1
+  };
+  if (strftime(year, sizeof(year), "%Y", &date) && !strcmp(year, "0099")) {
+    return 1;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+]])],
+[ac_cv_normalize_century=yes],
+[ac_cv_normalize_century=no],
+[ac_cv_normalize_century=yes])])
+if test "$ac_cv_normalize_century" = yes
+then
+  AC_DEFINE([Py_NORMALIZE_CENTURY], [1],
+  [Define if year with century should be normalized for strftime.])
+fi
+
+AC_CACHE_CHECK([whether C99-specific strftime specifiers are supported], [ac_cv_strftime_c99_support], [
+AC_RUN_IFELSE([AC_LANG_SOURCE([[
+#include <time.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+int main(void)
+{
+  char full_date[11];
+  struct tm date = {
+    .tm_year = 0,
+    .tm_mon = 0,
+    .tm_mday = 1
+  };
+  if (strftime(full_date, sizeof(full_date), "%F", &date) && !strcmp(full_date, "1900-01-01")) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  return 1;
+}
+]])],
+[ac_cv_strftime_c99_support=yes],
+[ac_cv_strftime_c99_support=no],
+[ac_cv_strftime_c99_support=no])])
+if test "$ac_cv_strftime_c99_support" = yes
+then
+  AC_DEFINE([Py_STRFTIME_C99_SUPPORT], [1],
+  [Define if C99-specific strftime specifiers are supported.])
+fi
+
+dnl check for ncursesw/ncurses and panelw/panel
 dnl NOTE: old curses is not detected.
-dnl have_curses=[no, ncursesw, ncurses]
-dnl have_panel=[no, panelw, panel]
+dnl have_curses=[no, yes]
+dnl have_panel=[no, yes]
 have_curses=no
 have_panel=no
 
-AH_TEMPLATE([HAVE_NCURSESW], [Define to 1 if you have the `ncursesw' library.])
-AC_CHECK_HEADERS([curses.h ncurses.h])
+dnl PY_CHECK_CURSES(LIBCURSES, LIBPANEL)
+dnl Sets 'have_curses' and 'have_panel'.
+dnl For the PKG_CHECK_MODULES() calls, we can safely reuse the first variable
+dnl here, since we're only calling the macro a second time if the first call
+dnl fails.
+AC_DEFUN([PY_CHECK_CURSES], [dnl
+AS_VAR_PUSHDEF([curses_var], [m4_toupper([$1])])
+AS_VAR_PUSHDEF([panel_var], [m4_toupper([$2])])
+PKG_CHECK_MODULES([CURSES], [$1],
+  [AC_DEFINE([HAVE_]curses_var, [1], [Define if you have the '$1' library])
+   AS_VAR_SET([have_curses], [yes])
+   PKG_CHECK_MODULES([PANEL], [$2],
+    [AC_DEFINE([HAVE_]panel_var, [1], [Define if you have the '$2' library])
+     AS_VAR_SET([have_panel], [yes])],
+    [AS_VAR_SET([have_panel], [no])])],
+  [AS_VAR_SET([have_curses], [no])])
+AS_VAR_POPDEF([curses_var])
+AS_VAR_POPDEF([panel_var])])
+
+# Check for ncursesw/panelw first. If that fails, try ncurses/panel.
+PY_CHECK_CURSES([ncursesw], [panelw])
+AS_VAR_IF([have_curses], [no],
+          [PY_CHECK_CURSES([ncurses], [panel])])
 
-AS_VAR_IF([ac_cv_header_ncurses_h], [yes], [
-  if test "$ac_sys_system" != "Darwin"; then
-    dnl On macOS, there is no separate /usr/lib/libncursesw nor libpanelw.
-    PKG_CHECK_MODULES([CURSES], [ncursesw], [
-      AC_DEFINE([HAVE_NCURSESW], [1])
-      have_curses=ncursesw
-    ], [
-      WITH_SAVE_ENV([
-        AC_CHECK_LIB([ncursesw], [initscr], [
-          AC_DEFINE([HAVE_NCURSESW], [1])
-          have_curses=ncursesw
-          CURSES_CFLAGS=${CURSES_CFLAGS-""}
-          CURSES_LIBS=${CURSES_LIBS-"-lncursesw"}
-        ])
-      ])
-    ])
-  fi
-
-  AS_VAR_IF([have_curses], [no], [
-    PKG_CHECK_MODULES([CURSES], [ncurses], [
-      have_curses=ncurses
-    ], [
-      WITH_SAVE_ENV([
-        AC_CHECK_LIB([ncurses], [initscr], [
-          have_curses=ncurses
-          CURSES_CFLAGS=${CURSES_CFLAGS-""}
-          CURSES_LIBS=${CURSES_LIBS-"-lncurses"}
-        ])
-      ])
-    ])
-  ])
+WITH_SAVE_ENV([
+  # Make sure we've got the header defines.
+  AS_VAR_APPEND([CPPFLAGS], [" $CURSES_CFLAGS $PANEL_CFLAGS"])
+  AC_CHECK_HEADERS(m4_normalize([
+    ncursesw/curses.h ncursesw/ncurses.h ncursesw/panel.h
+    ncurses/curses.h ncurses/ncurses.h ncurses/panel.h
+    curses.h ncurses.h panel.h
+  ]))
 
-])dnl ac_cv_header_ncurses_h = yes
+  # Check that we're able to link with crucial curses/panel functions. This
+  # also serves as a fallback in case pkg-config failed.
+  AS_VAR_APPEND([LIBS], [" $CURSES_LIBS $PANEL_LIBS"])
+  AC_SEARCH_LIBS([initscr], [ncursesw ncurses],
+    [AS_VAR_IF([have_curses], [no],
+      [AS_VAR_SET([have_curses], [yes])
+       CURSES_LIBS=${CURSES_LIBS-"$ac_cv_search_initscr"}])],
+    [AS_VAR_SET([have_curses], [no])])
+  AC_SEARCH_LIBS([update_panels], [panelw panel],
+    [AS_VAR_IF([have_panel], [no],
+      [AS_VAR_SET([have_panel], [yes])
+       PANEL_LIBS=${PANEL_LIBS-"$ac_cv_search_update_panels"}])],
+    [AS_VAR_SET([have_panel], [no])])
+
+dnl Issue #25720: ncurses has introduced the NCURSES_OPAQUE symbol making opaque
+dnl structs since version 5.7.  If the macro is defined as zero before including
+dnl [n]curses.h, ncurses will expose fields of the structs regardless of the
+dnl configuration.
+AC_DEFUN([_CURSES_INCLUDES],dnl
+[
+#define NCURSES_OPAQUE 0
+#if defined(HAVE_NCURSESW_NCURSES_H)
+#  include <ncursesw/ncurses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_NCURSESW_CURSES_H)
+#  include <ncursesw/curses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_NCURSES_NCURSES_H)
+#  include <ncurses/ncurses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_NCURSES_CURSES_H)
+#  include <ncurses/curses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_NCURSES_H)
+#  include <ncurses.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_CURSES_H)
+#  include <curses.h>
+#endif
+])
 
+AS_IF([test "have_curses" != "no"], [
 dnl remove _XOPEN_SOURCE macro from curses cflags. pyconfig.h sets
 dnl the macro to 700.
 CURSES_CFLAGS=$(echo $CURSES_CFLAGS | sed 's/-D_XOPEN_SOURCE=600//g')
 
-if test "$have_curses" != no -a "$ac_sys_system" = "Darwin"; then
+AS_VAR_IF([ac_sys_system], [Darwin], [
   dnl On macOS, there is no separate /usr/lib/libncursesw nor libpanelw.
   dnl System-supplied ncurses combines libncurses/libpanel and supports wide
   dnl characters, so we can use it like ncursesw.
@@ -6624,82 +6862,17 @@ if test "$have_curses" != no -a "$ac_sys_system" = "Darwin"; then
   dnl _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED here for ncurses wide char support.
 
   AS_VAR_APPEND([CURSES_CFLAGS], [" -D_XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED=1"])
-  AC_DEFINE([HAVE_NCURSESW], [1])
-fi
-
-dnl TODO: detect "curses" and special cases tinfo, terminfo, or termcap
-
-AC_MSG_CHECKING([curses module flags])
-AS_VAR_IF([have_curses], [no], [
-  AC_MSG_RESULT([no])
-], [
-  AC_MSG_RESULT([$have_curses (CFLAGS: $CURSES_CFLAGS, LIBS: $CURSES_LIBS)])
 ])
 
-dnl check for ncurses' panel/panelw library
-AC_CHECK_HEADERS([panel.h])
-
-AS_VAR_IF([ac_cv_header_panel_h], [yes], [
-
-  if test "$ac_sys_system" != "Darwin"; then
-    dnl On macOS, there is no separate /usr/lib/libncursesw nor libpanelw.
-    AS_VAR_IF([have_curses], [ncursesw], [
-      PKG_CHECK_MODULES([PANEL], [panelw], [
-        have_panel=panelw
-      ], [
-        WITH_SAVE_ENV([
-          AC_CHECK_LIB([panelw], [update_panels], [
-            have_panel=panelw
-            PANEL_CFLAGS=${PANEL_CFLAGS-""}
-            PANEL_LIBS=${PANEL_LIBS-"-lpanelw"}
-          ])
-        ])
-      ])
-    ])
-  fi
-
-  AS_VAR_IF([have_curses], [ncurses], [
-    PKG_CHECK_MODULES([PANEL], [panel], [
-      have_panel=panel
-    ], [
-      WITH_SAVE_ENV([
-        AC_CHECK_LIB([panel], [update_panels], [
-          have_panel=panel
-          PANEL_CFLAGS=${PANEL_CFLAGS-""}
-          PANEL_LIBS=${PANEL_LIBS-"-lpanel"}
-        ])
-      ])
-    ])
-  ])
-
-])dnl ac_cv_header_panel_h = yes
-
 dnl pyconfig.h defines _XOPEN_SOURCE=700
 PANEL_CFLAGS=$(echo $PANEL_CFLAGS | sed 's/-D_XOPEN_SOURCE=600//g')
 
-AC_MSG_CHECKING([panel flags])
-AS_VAR_IF([have_panel], [no], [
-  AC_MSG_RESULT([no])
-], [
-  AC_MSG_RESULT([$have_panel (CFLAGS: $PANEL_CFLAGS, LIBS: $PANEL_LIBS)])
-])
-
-# first curses header check
-ac_save_cppflags="$CPPFLAGS"
-if test "$cross_compiling" = no; then
-  CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS -I/usr/include/ncursesw"
-fi
-
 # On Solaris, term.h requires curses.h
-AC_CHECK_HEADERS([term.h], [], [], [
-#ifdef HAVE_CURSES_H
-#include <curses.h>
-#endif
-])
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS([term.h], [], [], _CURSES_INCLUDES)
 
 # On HP/UX 11.0, mvwdelch is a block with a return statement
 AC_CACHE_CHECK([whether mvwdelch is an expression], [ac_cv_mvwdelch_is_expression],
-AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[@%:@include <curses.h>]], [[
+AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM(_CURSES_INCLUDES, [[
   int rtn;
   rtn = mvwdelch(0,0,0);
 ]])],
@@ -6712,15 +6885,8 @@ then
   [Define if mvwdelch in curses.h is an expression.])
 fi
 
-# Issue #25720: ncurses has introduced the NCURSES_OPAQUE symbol making opaque
-# structs since version 5.7.  If the macro is defined as zero before including
-# [n]curses.h, ncurses will expose fields of the structs regardless of the
-# configuration.
 AC_CACHE_CHECK([whether WINDOW has _flags], [ac_cv_window_has_flags],
-AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[
-  #define NCURSES_OPAQUE 0
-  #include <curses.h>
-]], [[
+AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM(_CURSES_INCLUDES, [[
   WINDOW *w;
   w->_flags = 0;
 ]])],
@@ -6742,11 +6908,7 @@ AC_DEFUN([PY_CHECK_CURSES_FUNC],
     [for curses function $1],
     [py_var],
     [AC_COMPILE_IFELSE(
-      [AC_LANG_PROGRAM(
-        [
-        #define NCURSES_OPAQUE 0
-        #include <curses.h>
-        ], [
+      [AC_LANG_PROGRAM(_CURSES_INCLUDES, [
         #ifndef $1
         void *x=$1
         #endif
@@ -6774,6 +6936,8 @@ PY_CHECK_CURSES_FUNC([has_key])
 PY_CHECK_CURSES_FUNC([typeahead])
 PY_CHECK_CURSES_FUNC([use_env])
 CPPFLAGS=$ac_save_cppflags
+])dnl have_curses != no
+])dnl save env
 
 AC_MSG_NOTICE([checking for device files])
 
@@ -7310,8 +7474,6 @@ AC_DEFINE([PY_SSL_DEFAULT_CIPHERS], [1])
 
 # builtin hash modules
 default_hashlib_hashes="md5,sha1,sha2,sha3,blake2"
-AC_DEFINE([PY_BUILTIN_HASHLIB_HASHES], [], [enabled builtin hash modules]
-)
 AC_MSG_CHECKING([for --with-builtin-hashlib-hashes])
 AC_ARG_WITH(
   [builtin-hashlib-hashes],
@@ -7328,7 +7490,8 @@ AC_ARG_WITH(
 
 AC_MSG_RESULT([$with_builtin_hashlib_hashes])
 AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED([PY_BUILTIN_HASHLIB_HASHES],
-  ["$with_builtin_hashlib_hashes"])
+                   ["$with_builtin_hashlib_hashes"],
+                   [enabled builtin hash modules])
 
 as_save_IFS=$IFS
 IFS=,
@@ -7343,15 +7506,6 @@ for builtin_hash in $with_builtin_hashlib_hashes; do
 done
 IFS=$as_save_IFS
 
-dnl libb2 for blake2. _blake2 module falls back to vendored copy.
-AS_VAR_IF([with_builtin_blake2], [yes], [
-  PKG_CHECK_MODULES([LIBB2], [libb2], [
-    have_libb2=yes
-    AC_DEFINE([HAVE_LIBB2], [1],
-              [Define to 1 if you want to build _blake2 module with libb2])
-  ], [have_libb2=no])
-])
-
 # Check whether to disable test modules. Once set, setup.py will not build
 # test extension modules and "make install" will not install test suites.
 AC_MSG_CHECKING([for --disable-test-modules])
@@ -7386,7 +7540,7 @@ CPPFLAGS="${BASECPPFLAGS} -I. -I${srcdir}/Include ${CPPFLAGS}"
 
 AC_CACHE_CHECK([whether libatomic is needed by <pyatomic.h>],
                [ac_cv_libatomic_needed],
-[AC_RUN_IFELSE([AC_LANG_SOURCE([[
+[AC_LINK_IFELSE([AC_LANG_SOURCE([[
 // pyatomic.h needs uint64_t and Py_ssize_t types
 #include <stdint.h>  // int64_t, intptr_t
 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_TYPES_H
@@ -7423,9 +7577,8 @@ int main()
     return 0; // all good
 }
 ]])],
-  [ac_cv_libatomic_needed=no],  dnl build succeeded
-  [ac_cv_libatomic_needed=yes], dnl build failed
-  [ac_cv_libatomic_needed=no])  dnl cross compilation
+  [ac_cv_libatomic_needed=no],  dnl build and link succeeded
+  [ac_cv_libatomic_needed=yes]) dnl build and link failed
 ])
 
 AS_VAR_IF([ac_cv_libatomic_needed], [yes],
@@ -7605,7 +7758,6 @@ PY_STDLIB_MOD_SIMPLE([_csv])
 PY_STDLIB_MOD_SIMPLE([_heapq])
 PY_STDLIB_MOD_SIMPLE([_json])
 PY_STDLIB_MOD_SIMPLE([_lsprof])
-PY_STDLIB_MOD_SIMPLE([_opcode])
 PY_STDLIB_MOD_SIMPLE([_pickle])
 PY_STDLIB_MOD_SIMPLE([_posixsubprocess])
 PY_STDLIB_MOD_SIMPLE([_queue])
@@ -7673,29 +7825,85 @@ PY_STDLIB_MOD_SIMPLE([unicodedata])
 
 dnl By default we always compile these even when OpenSSL is available
 dnl (issue #14693). The modules are small.
-PY_STDLIB_MOD([_md5],
-  [test "$with_builtin_md5" = yes], [],
-  [-I\$(srcdir)/Modules/_hacl/include -I\$(srcdir)/Modules/_hacl/internal -D_BSD_SOURCE -D_DEFAULT_SOURCE])
-PY_STDLIB_MOD([_sha1],
-  [test "$with_builtin_sha1" = yes], [],
-  [-I\$(srcdir)/Modules/_hacl/include -I\$(srcdir)/Modules/_hacl/internal -D_BSD_SOURCE -D_DEFAULT_SOURCE])
-PY_STDLIB_MOD([_sha2],
-  [test "$with_builtin_sha2" = yes], [],
-  [-I\$(srcdir)/Modules/_hacl/include -I\$(srcdir)/Modules/_hacl/internal -D_BSD_SOURCE -D_DEFAULT_SOURCE])
+PY_STDLIB_MOD([_md5], [test "$with_builtin_md5" = yes])
+PY_STDLIB_MOD([_sha1], [test "$with_builtin_sha1" = yes])
+PY_STDLIB_MOD([_sha2], [test "$with_builtin_sha2" = yes])
 PY_STDLIB_MOD([_sha3], [test "$with_builtin_sha3" = yes])
-PY_STDLIB_MOD([_blake2],
-  [test "$with_builtin_blake2" = yes], [],
-  [$LIBB2_CFLAGS], [$LIBB2_LIBS])
+PY_STDLIB_MOD([_blake2], [test "$with_builtin_blake2" = yes])
+
+LIBHACL_CFLAGS='-I$(srcdir)/Modules/_hacl -I$(srcdir)/Modules/_hacl/include -D_BSD_SOURCE -D_DEFAULT_SOURCE $(PY_STDMODULE_CFLAGS) $(CCSHARED)'
+case "$ac_sys_system" in
+  Linux*)
+    if test "$ac_cv_func_explicit_bzero" = "no"; then
+      LIBHACL_CFLAGS="$LIBHACL_CFLAGS -DLINUX_NO_EXPLICIT_BZERO"
+    fi
+  ;;
+esac
+AC_SUBST([LIBHACL_CFLAGS])
+
+# The SIMD files use aligned_alloc, which is not available on older versions of
+# Android.
+if test "$ac_sys_system" != "Linux-android" || test "$ANDROID_API_LEVEL" -ge 28; then
+  dnl This can be extended here to detect e.g. Power8, which HACL* should also support.
+  AX_CHECK_COMPILE_FLAG([-msse -msse2 -msse3 -msse4.1 -msse4.2],[
+    [LIBHACL_SIMD128_FLAGS="-msse -msse2 -msse3 -msse4.1 -msse4.2"]
+
+    AC_DEFINE([HACL_CAN_COMPILE_SIMD128], [1], [HACL* library can compile SIMD128 implementations])
+
+    # macOS universal2 builds *support* the -msse etc flags because they're
+    # available on x86_64. However, performance of the HACL SIMD128 implementation
+    # isn't great, so it's disabled on ARM64.
+    AC_MSG_CHECKING([for HACL* SIMD128 implementation])
+    if test "$UNIVERSAL_ARCHS" == "universal2"; then
+      [LIBHACL_SIMD128_OBJS="Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128_universal2.o"]
+      AC_MSG_RESULT([universal2])
+    else
+      [LIBHACL_SIMD128_OBJS="Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_Blake2s_Simd128.o"]
+      AC_MSG_RESULT([standard])
+    fi
+
+  ], [], [-Werror])
+fi
+AC_SUBST([LIBHACL_SIMD128_FLAGS])
+AC_SUBST([LIBHACL_SIMD128_OBJS])
+
+# The SIMD files use aligned_alloc, which is not available on older versions of
+# Android.
+#
+# Although AVX support is not guaranteed on Android
+# (https://developer.android.com/ndk/guides/abis#86-64), this is safe because we do a
+# runtime CPUID check.
+if test "$ac_sys_system" != "Linux-android" || test "$ANDROID_API_LEVEL" -ge 28; then
+  AX_CHECK_COMPILE_FLAG([-mavx2],[
+    [LIBHACL_SIMD256_FLAGS="-mavx2"]
+    AC_DEFINE([HACL_CAN_COMPILE_SIMD256], [1], [HACL* library can compile SIMD256 implementations])
+
+    # macOS universal2 builds *support* the -mavx2 compiler flag because it's
+    # available on x86_64; but the HACL SIMD256 build then fails because the
+    # implementation requires symbols that aren't available on ARM64. Use a
+    # wrapped implementation if we're building for universal2.
+    AC_MSG_CHECKING([for HACL* SIMD256 implementation])
+    if test "$UNIVERSAL_ARCHS" == "universal2"; then
+      [LIBHACL_SIMD256_OBJS="Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256_universal2.o"]
+      AC_MSG_RESULT([universal2])
+    else
+      [LIBHACL_SIMD256_OBJS="Modules/_hacl/Hacl_Hash_Blake2b_Simd256.o"]
+      AC_MSG_RESULT([standard])
+    fi
+  ], [], [-Werror])
+fi
+AC_SUBST([LIBHACL_SIMD256_FLAGS])
+AC_SUBST([LIBHACL_SIMD256_OBJS])
 
 PY_STDLIB_MOD([_ctypes],
   [], [test "$have_libffi" = yes],
   [$NO_STRICT_OVERFLOW_CFLAGS $LIBFFI_CFLAGS], [$LIBFFI_LIBS])
 PY_STDLIB_MOD([_curses],
-  [], [test "$have_curses" != "no"],
+  [], [test "$have_curses" = "yes"],
   [$CURSES_CFLAGS], [$CURSES_LIBS]
 )
 PY_STDLIB_MOD([_curses_panel],
-  [], [test "$have_panel" != "no"],
+  [], [test "$have_curses" = "yes" && test "$have_panel" = "yes"],
   [$PANEL_CFLAGS $CURSES_CFLAGS], [$PANEL_LIBS $CURSES_LIBS]
 )
 PY_STDLIB_MOD([_decimal],
@@ -7755,7 +7963,7 @@ PY_STDLIB_MOD([xxsubtype], [test "$TEST_MODULES" = yes])
 PY_STDLIB_MOD([_xxtestfuzz], [test "$TEST_MODULES" = yes])
 PY_STDLIB_MOD([_ctypes_test],
   [test "$TEST_MODULES" = yes], [test "$have_libffi" = yes -a "$ac_cv_func_dlopen" = yes],
-  [], [$LIBM])
+  [$LIBFFI_CFLAGS], [$LIBFFI_LIBS $LIBM])
 
 dnl Limited API template modules.
 dnl Emscripten does not support shared libraries yet.
diff --git a/iOS/README.rst b/iOS/README.rst
index 96cb00eb2e9bfe..4d7c344d5e9e17 100644
--- a/iOS/README.rst
+++ b/iOS/README.rst
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ especially important, as many parts of the standard library (including the
 ``ctypes`` module at runtime.
 
 By default, Python will be compiled with an iOS deployment target (i.e., the
-minimum supported iOS version) of 12.0. To specify a different deployment
+minimum supported iOS version) of 13.0. To specify a different deployment
 target, provide the version number as part of the ``--host`` argument - for
 example, ``--host=arm64-apple-ios15.4-simulator`` would compile an ARM64
 simulator build with a deployment target of 15.4.
diff --git a/iOS/Resources/bin/arm64-apple-ios-clang++ b/iOS/Resources/bin/arm64-apple-ios-clang++
new file mode 100755
index 00000000000000..f24bec11268f7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/iOS/Resources/bin/arm64-apple-ios-clang++
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+xcrun --sdk iphoneos${IOS_SDK_VERSION} clang++ -target arm64-apple-ios $@
diff --git a/iOS/Resources/bin/arm64-apple-ios-simulator-clang++ b/iOS/Resources/bin/arm64-apple-ios-simulator-clang++
new file mode 100755
index 00000000000000..ef37d05b512959
--- /dev/null
+++ b/iOS/Resources/bin/arm64-apple-ios-simulator-clang++
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+xcrun --sdk iphonesimulator${IOS_SDK_VERSION} clang++ -target arm64-apple-ios-simulator $@
diff --git a/iOS/Resources/bin/x86_64-apple-ios-simulator-clang++ b/iOS/Resources/bin/x86_64-apple-ios-simulator-clang++
new file mode 100755
index 00000000000000..86f03ea32bc2fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/iOS/Resources/bin/x86_64-apple-ios-simulator-clang++
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+xcrun --sdk iphonesimulator${IOS_SDK_VERSION} clang++ -target x86_64-apple-ios-simulator $@
diff --git a/iOS/testbed/iOSTestbedTests/iOSTestbedTests.m b/iOS/testbed/iOSTestbedTests/iOSTestbedTests.m
index e6a919c304ec8d..9bf502a808eb88 100644
--- a/iOS/testbed/iOSTestbedTests/iOSTestbedTests.m
+++ b/iOS/testbed/iOSTestbedTests/iOSTestbedTests.m
@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@ - (void)testPython {
     const char *argv[] = {
         "iOSTestbed", // argv[0] is the process that is running.
         "-uall",  // Enable all resources
+        "--single-process",  // always run all tests sequentially in a single process
+        "--rerun",  // Re-run failed tests in verbose mode
         "-W",  // Display test output on failure
         // To run a subset of tests, add the test names below; e.g.,
         // "test_os",
diff --git a/pyconfig.h.in b/pyconfig.h.in
index c279b147db3bdd..fb9ab1e78dc7e1 100644
--- a/pyconfig.h.in
+++ b/pyconfig.h.in
@@ -54,6 +54,12 @@
 /* Define if getpgrp() must be called as getpgrp(0). */
 #undef GETPGRP_HAVE_ARG
 
+/* HACL* library can compile SIMD128 implementations */
+#undef HACL_CAN_COMPILE_SIMD128
+
+/* HACL* library can compile SIMD256 implementations */
+#undef HACL_CAN_COMPILE_SIMD256
+
 /* Define if you have the 'accept' function. */
 #undef HAVE_ACCEPT
 
@@ -670,9 +676,6 @@
 /* Define to 1 if you have the `lchown' function. */
 #undef HAVE_LCHOWN
 
-/* Define to 1 if you want to build _blake2 module with libb2 */
-#undef HAVE_LIBB2
-
 /* Define to 1 if you have the `db' library (-ldb). */
 #undef HAVE_LIBDB
 
@@ -736,6 +739,9 @@
 /* Define to 1 if you have the <linux/memfd.h> header file. */
 #undef HAVE_LINUX_MEMFD_H
 
+/* Define to 1 if you have the <linux/netfilter_ipv4.h> header file. */
+#undef HAVE_LINUX_NETFILTER_IPV4_H
+
 /* Define to 1 if you have the <linux/netlink.h> header file. */
 #undef HAVE_LINUX_NETLINK_H
 
@@ -829,12 +835,33 @@
 /* Define to 1 if you have the `nanosleep' function. */
 #undef HAVE_NANOSLEEP
 
-/* Define to 1 if you have the `ncursesw' library. */
+/* Define if you have the 'ncurses' library */
+#undef HAVE_NCURSES
+
+/* Define if you have the 'ncursesw' library */
 #undef HAVE_NCURSESW
 
+/* Define to 1 if you have the <ncursesw/curses.h> header file. */
+#undef HAVE_NCURSESW_CURSES_H
+
+/* Define to 1 if you have the <ncursesw/ncurses.h> header file. */
+#undef HAVE_NCURSESW_NCURSES_H
+
+/* Define to 1 if you have the <ncursesw/panel.h> header file. */
+#undef HAVE_NCURSESW_PANEL_H
+
+/* Define to 1 if you have the <ncurses/curses.h> header file. */
+#undef HAVE_NCURSES_CURSES_H
+
 /* Define to 1 if you have the <ncurses.h> header file. */
 #undef HAVE_NCURSES_H
 
+/* Define to 1 if you have the <ncurses/ncurses.h> header file. */
+#undef HAVE_NCURSES_NCURSES_H
+
+/* Define to 1 if you have the <ncurses/panel.h> header file. */
+#undef HAVE_NCURSES_PANEL_H
+
 /* Define to 1 if you have the <ndbm.h> header file. */
 #undef HAVE_NDBM_H
 
@@ -878,6 +905,12 @@
 /* Define to 1 if you have the `openpty' function. */
 #undef HAVE_OPENPTY
 
+/* Define if you have the 'panel' library */
+#undef HAVE_PANEL
+
+/* Define if you have the 'panelw' library */
+#undef HAVE_PANELW
+
 /* Define to 1 if you have the <panel.h> header file. */
 #undef HAVE_PANEL_H
 
@@ -1652,6 +1685,9 @@
 /* Defined if Python is built as a shared library. */
 #undef Py_ENABLE_SHARED
 
+/* Defined if _Complex C type can be used with libffi. */
+#undef Py_FFI_SUPPORT_C_COMPLEX
+
 /* Define if you want to disable the GIL */
 #undef Py_GIL_DISABLED
 
@@ -1659,12 +1695,21 @@
    SipHash13: 3, externally defined: 0 */
 #undef Py_HASH_ALGORITHM
 
+/* Defined if _Complex C type is available. */
+#undef Py_HAVE_C_COMPLEX
+
+/* Define if year with century should be normalized for strftime. */
+#undef Py_NORMALIZE_CENTURY
+
 /* Define if rl_startup_hook takes arguments */
 #undef Py_RL_STARTUP_HOOK_TAKES_ARGS
 
 /* Define if you want to enable internal statistics gathering. */
 #undef Py_STATS
 
+/* Define if C99-specific strftime specifiers are supported. */
+#undef Py_STRFTIME_C99_SUPPORT
+
 /* The version of SunOS/Solaris as reported by `uname -r' without the dot. */
 #undef Py_SUNOS_VERSION
 
@@ -1862,9 +1907,6 @@
 /* Define to build the readline module against libedit. */
 #undef WITH_EDITLINE
 
-/* Define if you want to compile in object freelists optimization */
-#undef WITH_FREELISTS
-
 /* Define to 1 if libintl is needed for locale functions. */
 #undef WITH_LIBINTL